cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of MMP-1 expression in vascular endothelial cells by insulin sensitizing thiazolidinediones.

Abstract Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in the disruption of atherosclerotic plaques that leads to acute coronary events. The present study investigates the effect of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), new antidiabetic drugs, on MMP-1 expression by human vascular endothelial cells. Results show that troglitazone, but not pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, stimulated MMP-1 secretion and mRNA expression in both human umbilical vein and aortic endothelial cells, but had no effect on TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 secretion. Interestingly, troglitazone at high concentrations (≥30 μmol/l) inhibited MMP-1 protein synthesis despite a marked stimulation on MMP-1 mRNA. Further studies revealed that troglitazone at higher concentrations inhibits de novo protein synthesis as determined by 35 S-methionine/cysteine incorporation, suggesting that the inhibition of MMP-1 synthesis by troglitazone is due to the suppression of total protein synthesis. Finally, our studies showed that high concentrations of troglitazone inhibited the translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), but not eIF4G. In summary, the present study demonstrates that insulin sensitizers have different effects on MMP-1 expression, and troglitazone stimulates MMP-1 mRNA expression and protein synthesis at the pharmacological concentrations, but inhibits MMP-1 synthesis at higher doses. This study also suggests that supra-pharmacological concentrations of troglitazone that could be attained in body tissues may inhibit protein synthesis and cause cytotoxicity.
Operating at the diagnostic margins: image quality considerations.

Radiology, as the field of expert image interpretation, has always been faced with questions about the trade-offs between the diagnostic quality of images and other issues related to the care of patients. Historically, image quality has been sacrificed somewhat to reduce the cost of imaging procedures or to reduce radiation exposure of patients, for example. More recently, in order to improve access to imaging information, radiology departments have begun to replace traditional film-based methods with digital techniques, which in some cases have reduced image quality. This again raises the question of how much diagnostic quality can be sacrificed to achieve a competing benefit for the patient (i.e., improved access to the image data).
Sex ratios and development of the reproductive system in castes of Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

The ratio of females to males in pseudergates, soldiers, nymphs, and alates of Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) was 1.03:1, 1.27:1, 1.14:1, and 1.12:1, respectively. Only in soldiers was the percentage of females significantly greater than that of males. The longest oocyte in an ovary increased significantly in size when pseudergates developed into nymphs, when nymphs developed into alates, and when alates were aged for a period of 10 d. Mature oocytes were observed only in the ovaries of 10-d-old de-alates and tertiary reproductives. Spermathecae also increased significantly in size as pseudergates developed into soldiers or nymphs and nymphs developed into alates. Sperm was not observed in the spermathecae of swarmers but was present in 10-d-old de-alates. Significant increases in length of the testicular lobes were observed as pseudergates developed into nymphs. The testicular lobes of tertiary reproductives were about three times the size of those of nymphs, swarmers, or 10-d-old de-alates. Sperm was observed in the ejaculatory ducts of soldiers, nymphs, alates, and tertiary reproductives.
Navigation protocols in sensor networks

We develop distributed algorithms for adaptive sensor networks that respond to directing a target through a region of space. We model this problem as an online distributed motion planning problem. Each sensor node senses values in its perception space and has the ability to trigger exceptions events we call “danger” and model as “obstacles”. The danger/obstacle landscape changes over time. We present algorithms for computing distributed maps in perception space and for using these maps to compute adaptive paths for a mobile node that can interact with the sensor network. We give the analysis to the protocol and report on hardware experiments using a physical sensor network consisting of Mote sensors. We also show how to reduce searching space and communication cost using Voronoi diagram.
Assessing information system readiness for mitigating malpractice risk through simulation: results of a multi-site study.

Objective To develop and test an instrument for assessing a healthcare organization’s ability to mitigate malpractice risk through clinical decision support (CDS). Materials and Methods Based on a previously collected malpractice data set, we identified common types of CDS and the number and cost of malpractice cases that might have been prevented through this CDS. We then designed clinical vignettes and questions that test an organization’s CDS capabilities through simulation. Seven healthcare organizations completed the simulation. Results All seven organizations successfully completed the self-assessment. The proportion of potentially preventable indemnity loss for which CDS was available ranged from 16.5% to 73.2%. Discussion There is a wide range in organizational ability to mitigate malpractice risk through CDS, with many organizations’ electronic health records only being able to prevent a small portion of malpractice events seen in a real-world dataset. Conclusion The simulation approach to assessing malpractice risk mitigation through CDS was effective. Organizations should consider using malpractice claims experience to facilitate prioritizing CDS development.
The Importance of Place: Advances in Science and Application

The concept of place is introduced and an orientation to place literature is provided. Following the introduction, an overview is given of the papers in this special issue of Forest Science. The papers included in this issue were presented at the 2000 International Symposium on Society and Resource Management in Bellingham, Washington.
Stability analysis of stochastic sensor networks

Advances in VLSI technology and communication devices make possible low-power wireless sensor networks. Due to power limitations or dependence only on ambient energy sources, we propose a "stochastic" sensor network, in which each node may be active asynchronously for only a fraction of the time. Networking functions are accomplished by stochastic flooding. We determine the operating regime, namely that N/spl middot/P/sub A/>1, in which such a network is quasistable, so that the lifetime of the transmitted message is large and the message reaches its intended destination with high probability. The analysis shows the network is capable of supporting unicast and multicast communication, as well as active networking.
Antiterrorism in Western Europe

Antiterrorist measures employed by the governments of western European nations include the enactment of legislation limiting constitutional guarantees in the areas of arrest, search and seizure, and lawyer—client communications, legalization of improved methods to gather covert information, computerized investigative networks, and the formation and utilization of specialized police squads. Intended to be hostile to the terrorists by impacting directly on their organization and operations, all these antiterrorist measures have been legitimately derived from established legislatures.
Structural brain network constrained neuroimaging marker identification for predicting cognitive functions

Neuroimaging markers have been widely used to predict the cognitive functions relevant to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Most previous studies identify the imaging markers without considering the brain structural correlations between neuroimaging measures. However, many neuroimaging markers interrelate and work together to reveal the cognitive functions, such that these relevant markers should be selected together as the phenotypic markers. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a novel network constrained feature selection (NCFS) model to identify the neuroimaging markers guided by the structural brain network, which is constructed by the sparse representation method such that the interrelations between neuroimaging features are encoded into probabilities. Our new methods are evaluated by the MRI and AV45-PET data from ADNI-GO and ADNI-2 (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative). In all cognitive function prediction tasks, our new NCFS method outperforms other state-of-the-art regression approaches. Meanwhile, we show that the new method can select the correlated imaging markers, which are ignored by the competing approaches.
A Second Chance at Health: How a 3D Virtual World Can Improve Health Self-Efficacy for Weight Loss Management Among Adults.

Abstract Health self-efficacy, or the beliefs in one's capabilities to perform health behaviors, is a significant factor in eliciting health behavior change, such as weight loss. Research has demonstrated that virtual embodiment has the potential to alter one's psychology and physicality, particularly in health contexts; however, little is known about the impacts embodiment in a virtual world has on health self-efficacy. The present research is a randomized controlled trial (N = 90) examining the effectiveness of virtual embodiment and play in a social virtual world (Second Life [SL]) for increasing health self-efficacy (exercise and nutrition efficacy) among overweight adults. Participants were randomly assigned to a 3D social virtual world (avatar virtual interaction experimental condition), 2D social networking site (no avatar virtual interaction control condition), or no intervention (no virtual interaction control condition). The findings of this study provide initial evidence for the use of SL to im...
Temporal variations in reproductive hormones in the immature male rat.

Hormonal levels were tested in postweanling rats because these had not been well established despite much testing on adult animals. Holtzman rats 25-26 days old that had been handled daily were decapitated at various times of the day. Radioimmunoassays were used to measure serum levels of luteinizing hormone follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) testosterone androstenedione progesterone and 20alpha dehydroprogesterone. Only FSH testosterone and androstenedione showed a significant variation with time. The maximal values occurred late in the dark and early in the light period.
Intracellular calcium dynamics in mouse model of myocardial stunning

Intracellular calcium ( Ca i 2 + ) and left ventricular (LV) function were determined in the coronary-perfused mouse heart to study Ca i 2 + -related mechanisms of injury from myocardial ischemia a...
Lethality of Inert Dust Materials to Kalotermes minor Hagen and Their Role as Preventives in Structural Pest Control

Samples of 162 insecticide diluents and other finely divided inert materials were first screened in a pilot test in which drywood termites were placed in 1 cc. of the material in 100-ml. beakers, then in a test in which they were confined with blocks of wood that had been dusted at all air velocity of 1,400 feet per minute in a specially constructed wind tunnel. In the latter tests, the four outstanding groups of materials, in descending order of effectiveness, were silica gels, aerogels. or precipitates> montmorillonite days=attapulgite clays> diatomites. In tests made in attics of residences, blocks of wood were placed in a number of locations representing different distances and degrees of accessibility from the point of discharge of the dust. After the dust was applied the wood blocks were taken to the laboratory and termites were confined with them. These tests revealed a property of the sorptive dusts not evaluated in the pilot or wind-tunnel tests, namely, their bulk density. The lighter materials were more uniformly distributed throughout the attic and their superiority to the heavier materials increased with increasing distances from the point of discharge.
Design Space Exploration of Submerged Inlet Capturing Interaction between Design Parameters

Submerged inlets have been of interest to the aeronautical community for years due to the high on-design (cruise) performance they may potentially provide. Submerged inlets require less weight and experience lower drag than other inlet topologies. Engineers have been slow to adopt the submerged inlet topology for their designs because of the inherent difficulty of submerged inlet design. The complex interaction between vortices and boundary layer growth within the submerged inlet necessitates the use of experiment or Navier-Stokes CFD simulation to adequately predict the performance of a new design. Accurate prediction of the submerged inlet flow field is required to minimize the off-design (non-cruise) performance degradation seen in this inlet configuration. This paper extends and further demonstrates the authors’ two part methodology for submerged inlet design. First, an experiment based data mining and surrogate modeling technique is used for a low-fidelity prediction of the design parameter interactions and optimization. This includes use of 3 rd order response surface effects screening and neural network based sensitivity profiler in SAS JMP® to characterize design variable sensitivities. Next, a CFD based design of experiments is used to sample the design space around the candidate design geometry, produce a high fidelity surrogate model, and further refine a submerged inlet design. This paper demonstrates the application of this methodology to the optimization of pressure recovery for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) submerged inlet operating in the high subsonic flight regime. For the example problem, CFD results are generated by the combination of the ANSYS Fluent® solver and Optimal Solutions Sculptor® mesh deformation tools. The benchmark example problem is described and each step of the methodology is demonstrated. Predictions of design variable sensitivity and design variable interactions are provided during the process. Results from this example problem show that the database driven surrogate model provides a candidate optimum that is very close to the CFD predicted optimum while reducing the required CFD runtime by at least 60% compared to CFD based global optimization approaches.
Proximity of magnesium exposure to delivery and neonatal outcomes.

Background In infants delivered preterm, magnesium sulfate reduces cerebral palsy in survivors. The benefit of magnesium given remote from delivery is unclear. Objective Our objective was to evaluate the association of time from last exposure to magnesium with cerebral palsy. Study Design This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter trial evaluating magnesium for neuroprotection. For this study, we included women with live, nonanomalous, singleton gestations who received magnesium. Pregnancies with missing information at the 2 year follow-up were excluded. Women were divided into 2 groups based on exposure timing: last infusion of magnesium 2 test, Student t test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used for bivariate associations. We fit a multivariable logistic regression model to adjust for confounders. Results A total of 906 infants were analyzed. Five hundred sixty-eight were last exposed to magnesium P = .07). On adjusted analyses, last exposure to magnesium P = .03). There was no difference in secondary outcomes. Conclusion Exposure to magnesium proximal to delivery (
Temporal changes in serum luteinizing hormone following ovariohysterectomy and gonadotropin-releasing hormone vaccination in domestic cats.

Measurement of circulating luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations in cats and temporal changes following ovariohysterectomy (OHE) or possibly GnRH vaccination may be informative for assessing their fertility, contraception or sterilization status. In this study, serum LH concentrations were measured in domestic cats (n = 6) immediately prior to and up to 120 days post-OHE. Basal LH concentrations of females previously subjected to OHE (n = 4; ~1.5 years post-OHE) were compared pre- and post-vaccination with a GnRH immunocontraceptive, and to LH concentrations in intact females. Basal serum LH concentrations (2.67 ± 0.43 ng/ml; mean ± SEM) in intact females increased (p < .01) by 30 days post-OHE (5.65 ± 0.87 ng/ml) but then declined (p < .05) to pre-OHE levels (mean range, 3.26-3.62 ng/ml) at days 60-120 post-OHE. Serum LH (3.84 ± 0.51 ng/ml) in four females ~1.5 years after OHE tended to be higher (p = .10) than those of intact females prior to OHE. Three months following first or second GnRH immunocontraceptive vaccine treatment, serum LH values in females previously subjected to OHE decreased (p < .05) to concentrations similar to those observed in intact females. Our preliminary results suggest that OHE of domestic cats causes a marked increase in basal LH levels within the first few weeks after ovariohysterectomy followed by a return to pre-OHE basal values over the next several months. Reduced LH concentrations after GnRH vaccine may indicate the effectiveness of the immunocontraceptive in reducing the circulating levels of GnRH, thereby reducing secretion of LH.
Minimum-Weight Design of a Portal Frame

Design of frames under assumption that unit weight of structural member is proportional to α- th power of its fully plastic moment, positive exponent α being smaller than unity; for α = 2/3, chart is developed that gives minimum weight design for various geometries and loading conditions of portal frame.
Pipelines cathodic protection design methodologies for impressed current and sacrificial anode systems

Several inadequate designs of cathodically polarized offshore and onshore pipelines have been reported in Nigeria owing to design complexity and application of the cathodic protection system. The present study focused on critical and detailed approach in impressed current and sacrificial anode design calculation methodologies for 0.5m diameter and 100000m length of X65 steel pipeline in onshore and 1.2m diameter and 120000m length of X42 steel pipeline in offshore of Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The impressed current design calculation showed 2592150mA of current demand and voltage of 1127585mV required to adequately protect the X65 pipeline with external surface area of 86405m2. The current and voltage requirements were achievable by installing six transformer rectifiers with minimum direct current output of 500amperes and direct voltage output of 200volts. But the sacrificial anode design calculation indicated direct current output of 2262240mA was needed to marginally polarize the X42 pipeline with total external surface area of 226224m2. The computation further showed the current requirement was attainable with connection of 3620 anodes to set up a natural potential between sacrificial anode and pipeline.http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i4.12
Fluid flow through cattle hide: an experimental permeability study

The permeability of chrome-tanned cattle hide was determined separately with distilled water and an 89-weight percent aqueous glycerol solution in the light of a simplified Darcy's law. The resultant permeability has been found to depend on the location from which the sample is taken on the original hide. The frequency distribution of the values of the permeability has been shown to be lognormal, thereby giving rise to a two parameter-description of the distribution.
New approaches in managing chronic insomnia

Despite a high prevalence in the United States, insomnia remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Extensive research has identified several factors that contribute to the inadequate treatment of insomnia, including the failure of patients to report insomnia to physicians, limited physician training, and physician misconceptions about the risks associated with hypnotic medications. To achieve optimal patient outcomes, physicians differentiate acute from chronic insomnia and distinguish primary insomnia from sleep disorders that occur with comorbid conditions, most notably psychiatric illnesses such as circadian rhythm disturbances. In addition, they utilize sleep hygiene measures, behavioral therapy, and/or pharmacologic medications to improve sleep problems in patients with insomnia. Newer nonbenzodiazepine receptor agonists are effective with fewer side effects than older benzodiazepine agonists; however, in 2005 a National Institutes of Health panel on chronic insomnia management indicated that clinical trials are needed to establish the long-term benefits of the newer drugs. Since 2005, data from clinical trials lasting 6 months to 1 year have been published for hypnotics including eszopiclone, zaleplon, and zolpidem extended-release. As the result of potentially altered dosing and monitoring, elderly patients require special consideration.
Acoustic tweezers for the life sciences

Acoustic tweezers are a versatile set of tools that use sound waves to manipulate bioparticles ranging from nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles to millimeter-sized multicellular organisms. Over the past several decades, the capabilities of acoustic tweezers have expanded from simplistic particle trapping to precise rotation and translation of cells and organisms in three dimensions. Recent advances have led to reconfigured acoustic tweezers that are capable of separating, enriching, and patterning bioparticles in complex solutions. Here, we review the history and fundamentals of acoustic-tweezer technology and summarize recent breakthroughs. This review discusses and contrasts different acoustic-tweezer technologies and their applications in biology.
An Isolated DC-AC Converter Module Integrating Renewable Energy Source and Energy Storage for Cascaded Inverter

Large scale grid integration of renewable energy sources demands the converter systems to work under varying nature of renewable energy source power availability, which can be smoothened and compensated by using an Energy Storage. The large scale integration for renewable energy sources at medium voltage grid level can be accomplished using cascaded modular converter. This paper work focuses on an isolated DC-AC converter module which integrates a renewable energy source, an energy storage and a single phase low frequency AC output port. The converter uses a high frequency transformer with four winding terminals to integrate the renewable energy source, energy storage and the AC output port. The high frequency transformer current control maintains the renewable energy source power output at a fixed dc level without any 2nd harmonic oscillations, while all the 2nd harmonic oscillating component of power is supplied by the energy storage. This paper focuses on the converter working principle, power control and soft-switching ZVS of the converter.
Reading Oneself in the Text: Cavell and Gadamer’s Romantic Conception of Reading

ABSTRACTCan we gain knowledge by reading literature? This essay defends an account of reading, developed by Stanley Cavell and Hans-Georg Gadamer, that phenomenologically describes the experience o...
Research on GIS Partial Discharge Fault Diagnosis

In order to meet the growing demand,the transmission and distribution field should widely use the GIS equipment.However,because of the internal insulation distance of the GIS is shorter,there is the strong electric field within the GIS.In this case,GIS may be out of order after a long running.So we need to make an accurate judgment on the insulation state of the GIS.Partial discharge detection is an important way to check the insulation state of the GIS.At this stage,Ultra-high frequency test is an ideal detection means.This paper firstly discussed the application of GIS,the phenomenon of partial discharge and the main detection method of parial discharge.then foused on the analysis of the application of ultra high frequency spectrum test.
Book Review: Potosí: The Silver City That Changed the World, by Kris Lane

Potosi: The Silver City That Changed the World , by Kris Lane. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2019. 272 pages. Hardcover $32.95, eBook $29.95. Reviewed by JoAnna Reyes Walton. Kris Lane's interpretative history of the famed Bolivian silver city of Potosi offers a nuanced and
CATCH: Characterizing and Tracking Colloids Holographically Using Deep Neural Networks.

In-line holographic microscopy provides an unparalleled wealth of information about the properties of colloidal dispersions. Analyzing one colloidal particle’s hologram with the Lorenz–Mie theory o...
Roadmap to High Throughput Phenotyping for Plant Breeding

Population growth and climate uncertainty increase the demand for more food to feed the world. Finding a new variety and discovering novel genetic traits that confer stress tolerance will be a game changer in future crop production for sustainable agriculture. Developing and implementing high throughput phenotyping (HTP) technologies and skills become increasingly important to those involved with applying genomics in breeding and biotechnology research. Many institutes and private companies are initiating HTP programs to improve the quality and speed of plant breeding and biotechnology. Breeders and plant scientists need to secure solid data pipelines of phenotypes throughout years-long breeding programs, but they lack an engineering background on sensors, image processing, data management, and cloud-running architecture. There are a series of components and steps that must be considered for HTP programs to meet their needs and goals. Those components include sensors, platforms, analytics, and data management. The aim of this paper is to address key information of what plant breeding is, why HTP is important, and how the HTP system is designed. The paper describes background of plant science to engineering to enlighten the need of HTP and provides a review of the current HTP systems and future strategies. Discussion includes specifics of each HTP component to consider and a roadmap to HTP for plant breeding throughout genetics, phenotypic metrics, algorithm development, data standardization, and scale-up.
Creating Exams for a Research Methods Class

Writing exams for a research methods class in psychology can be a difficult task. The class is already intensive and exams tend to add to that stress. According to Bloom’s taxonomy, exams can test for knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. This chapter will focus on multiple-choice exams, essay exams, and project-based exams.
Minimally Invasive Left Superior Parathyroidectomy: Anterior Approach

Historically, the classic approach to primary hyperparathyroidism had been a bilateral neck four-gland exploration via a large cervical incision with intraoperative frozen-section histopathological confirmation of excised parathyroid tissue [1]. With advancements in preoperative localization techniques, including ultrasonography, Tc-99 m sestamibi, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT), and the advent of rapid intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) assays, minimally invasive approaches to parathyroidectomy have become an equally effective alternative to bilateral neck exploration in most patients who present with solitary adenomas and do not have risk factors for multi-gland disease [2]. Some of the benefits of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy with intraoperative PTH assay that have been described are: shorter operative times [3], decreased postoperative pain, superior early cosmetic satisfaction [4], decreased incidence of complications [3, 5, 6], comparable if not superior long-term success rates of around 97–99% [5–8], and better outcomes in subsequent reoperation for recurrent disease [9], all while maintaining low rates (8–10%) of conversion to bilateral exploration [8].
Manganese-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is Not Detectable at Exposures Below the Acute Cytotoxic Threshold in Neuronal Cell Types.

Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal, but excessive exposures have been well-documented to culminate in neurotoxicity. Curiously, the precise mechanisms of Mn neurotoxicity are still unknown. One hypothesis suggests that Mn exerts its toxicity by inhibiting mitochondrial function, which then (if exposure levels are high and long enough) leads to cell death. Here, we used a Huntington's disease cell model with known differential sensitivities to manganese-STHdhQ7/Q7 and STHdhQ111/Q111 cells-to examine the effects of acute Mn exposure on mitochondrial function. We determined toxicity thresholds for each cell line using both changes in cell number and caspase-3/7 activation. We used a range of acute Mn exposures (0-300 µM), both above and below the cytotoxic threshold, to evaluate mitochondria-associated metabolic balance, mitochondrial respiration, and substrate dependence. In both cell lines, we observed no effect on markers of mitochondrial function at subtoxic Mn exposures (below detectable levels of cell death), yet at supratoxic exposures (above detectable levels of cell death) mitochondrial function significantly declined. We validated these findings in primary striatal neurons. In cell lines, we further observed that subtoxic Mn concentrations do not affect glycolytic function or major intracellular metabolite quantities. These data suggest that in this system, Mn exposure impairs mitochondrial function only at concentrations coincident with or above the initiation of cell death and is not consistent with the hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction precedes or induces Mn cytotoxicity.
Passing the Torch: Iran’s 2013 Surprise, the Digital Generational Gap, and the Depoliticization of Public Intellectuals

Scholars of the sociology of intellectuals have proposed that the decline of public intellectuals is due to two factors: the result of the professionalization of academic disciplines and political shocks in transitional societies through social movements and revolutions. Eyal and Buchholz (Annual Review of Sociology, 36, 117–137, 2010) instead argue that a new mode of intellectual intervention takes place in an “interstitial domain”; that is, a blurry space between the political field and academia. Absent in the literature of the sociology of intellectuals and interventions is the impact of varying perceptions of regime dynamics on shifting modes of political intervention that can pave the way for the depoliticization of public intellectuals. Drawing from Eyal and Buchholz, this study examines the depoliticization of public intellectuals and particularly religious public intellectuals, during Iran’s 2013 presidential race. The political authority of public intellectuals was challenged by an emergent generation of tech-savvy activists with “high journalistic profiles.” I argue that a new generation of activists intervened in the election across the overlapping space of journalism, digital activism, and political activism. As the new generation of activists “movementized” the election on Facebook—developing a different perception of the political regime and the election—against conservative candidates (“regime insiders”), they portrayed the moderate candidate as the “regime outsider.” Prominent public intellectuals framed all presidential candidates as regime insiders, however. By analyzing the “hope and despair narratives” of the 2013 election, this study relates the depoliticization of public intellectuals to digital activism of the new generation of activists to make sense of the “digital generational gap.”
Continuous Real-Valued Functions

In this chapter we will focus on continuous functions from a topological space into the space of real numbers, \(\mathbb{R}\). We have already seen some such results in § 2.3, but in this chapter we will extend the exposure and deepen the probing.
Never Neutral, Never Alone

Library science is getting harder to teach. The variety in libraries of all types is increasing as more and more mold themselves to their communities rather than field-wide norms. How can library s...
Marvell’s Allusions

This article attempts to define Marvell’s allusions and offers six characteristic features of his allusivity to do so: indirectness, similitude, denaturalization/adaptation, ironic contrast, criticism, and meaningfulness. Based on these features, the article maintains that the allusion is a particularly intellective, intricate, and intentional category of Marvellian intertextuality. It compares these qualities with the Marvellian echo, whose dubious intentionality, greater visibility, and shallower meaning markedly contrast with the allusion. While the moment of readerly recognition frequently exhausts the meaning of an echo, allusions contain depths that readers must laboriously sound. In short, the article attempts to introduce more precision and accuracy into a body of scholarship that frequently treats Marvell’s echoes and allusions as interchangeable.
Vertex dependent dynamic response of a connected Kagome artificial spin ice

We present experimental and numerical results for the dynamic response of a connected Kagome artificial spin ice. We explicitly consider the effect of the vertex magnetization configuration on the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) mode characteristics using micromagnetic simulations. We show that the bulk mode frequencies of each single-domain thin-film segment not only depend on the direction of the segment's easy-axes with respect to the applied magnetic field but also depend on the vertex magnetization configurations of nearby vertices. Therefore, the FMR modes can be controlled by altering the vertex magnetization texture. Moreover, we distinguish between vertex center modes (VCMs) and localized domain wall (LDW) modes. We show that the LDW mode evolves during the nucleation process of domain walls and that VCMs and LDW modes can be controlled using specific field protocols, which have important implications for future design of magnonic and spintronic devices.
Disability, Poverty, and Schooling in Developing Countries: Results from 11 Household Surveys

This paper analyzes the relationship between whether a young person has a disability, the poverty status of their household, and their school participation using 11 household surveys from nine developing countries. Between 1 and 2 percent of the population is identified as having a disability. Youth with disabilities sometimes live in poorer households, but the extent of this concentration is typically neither large nor statistically significant. However, youth with disabilities are almost always substantially less likely to start school, and in some countries have lower transition rates resulting in lower schooling attainment. The order of magnitude of the school participation disability deficit is often larger than those associated with other characteristics such as gender, rural residence, or economic status differentials.
Solidification texture, variant selection, and phase fraction in a spot-melt electron-beam powder bed fusion processed Ti-6Al-4V

Abstract The effect of a spot melt strategy on the solidification texture, variant selection, phase fraction, and their variations along the build height was investigated in comparison to a conventional linear melt strategy. Ti-6Al-4V alloy samples were manufactured by an electron-beam powder bed fusion process using two different melt strategies and characterized using high-energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction. The linear and spot melt cases resulted in β cube and fiber textures, respectively, with the cube/fiber axis nearly parallel to the build direction. The α phase exhibited Burgers orientation relationship (BOR) with the parent β phase for both melt strategies. Although all of the key texture components and the BOR between the α and β phases were consistently observed in both cases along the build height, there were several measurable differences between the two. At the top of the build height, the β build texture intensity was stronger in the linear case. However, the texture intensity in the linear case decreased gradually from the top to near the substrate, whereas the spot melt case did not show this trend. Moreover, the BOR was examined along the build height and the results showed that there is a distinct variant selection in the spot melt case, unlike the linear case. Specifically, the planar variants sharing ( 1 01 ) β || ( 0002 ) α with [ 2 2 2 ] β and [ 2 2 2 ] β were the most prominent in the spot melt, but no preference was identified in the directional variants. The β phase fraction was slightly lower in the spot melt case compared to the linear case. In both the cases, the β phase fraction decreased moving towards the substrate but remained significantly higher than that of the powder feedstock. Overall, the novel spot melt strategy produced a more homogeneous microstructure in terms of both the phase fraction and texture across the build height.
Notas masoréticas de antropónimos

espanolDe los aproximadamente quinientos nombres propios que aparecen en la Biblia, solo en noventa casos hay una anotacion masoretica que indica que lo son. La razon por la que la Masora selecciona estos noventa nombres es porque todos son homonimos, es decir, tienen la misma forma, las mismas consonantes y vocales que otras palabras y, por lo tanto, pueden ser confundidos con ellas. Este articulo examina los usos de las anotaciones masoreticas sobre los nombres propios, el tipo de nombres que tienen anotaciones de este tipo, y estudia los nombres que se seleccionan debido a su ortografia o a sus acentos especificos. Uno de los resultados mas importantes del analisis de las anotaciones masoreticas sobre nombres propios es el descubrimiento de que los masoretas ya habian identificado como tal un nombre que ha pasado desapercibido a los investigadores modernos. EnglishOf the approximately fifteen-hundred personal names in the Bible the Masorah designates only ninety or so with a notation that they are personal names. The reason why the Masorah selects these ninety names for special mention is because they are all homonyms. They have the same form, same consonants and vowels as other words, and thus are liable to be confused with those words. This article will survey the usages of Masoretic personal name notations, examine the type of names covered by these notations, and explore names that are selected because of specific accents or spelling. One of the surprising results of our analysis of the Masoretic personal naming notes is the discovery that the Masoretes had identified a name that has been ignored by modern scholarship.
Constitutive modeling of the anterior cruciate ligament bundles and patellar tendon with full-field methods

Abstract Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates are rising, and there is little consensus about what puts someone at risk for an ACL injury. Finite element models provide an effective platform for systemically determining the effect of possible injury risk factors on ACL strain concentrations. However, the accuracy of a finite element model relies on the accuracy of the material models used in its construction. Standard material characterization methods require an assumption of both deformation and material homogeneity, but our recent work has demonstrated that structural features like the shape of the ligament–bone attachment (enthesis) and collagen fiber splay (material direction heterogeneity) create unavoidable deformation heterogeneity. Hence, in this study, full-volume, full-field, finite deformation methods were used to build material models for the ovine ACL bundles and patellar tendon. Specifically, displacement-encoded magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure five full-volume deformation fields of each ligament ( n = 5 specimens of each) under tension, and the virtual fields method (VFM) was used to determine material model parameters with these data. This method accounts for strain heterogeneity, principal material direction heterogeneity (fiber splay), and enthesis shape. While most constitutive parameters were consistent among all specimen groups, parameters describing the degree of anisotropy, or collagen fiber alignment, showed statistically significant differences between groups. This work demonstrates that (when strain heterogeneity and structural properties are accounted for) ligament material properties are deterministic and ligament material microstructure is detectable with mesoscale measures of mechanical function.
Actualistic approaches to interpreting the role of biological decomposition in microbial preservation.

Taphonomic processes, especially post-mortem biological decomposition, act as crucial controls on the microbial fossil record. Information loss during the fossilization process obscures interpretation of ancient microbial ecology and limits our view of preserved ecosystems. Conversely, taphonomic information can itself provide insight into fossilization pathways and processes. This information-gain approach requires specific attention to taphonomic patterns in ancient assemblages and robust modern analogue data to serve as points of reference. In this study, we combine experimental taphonomy with decomposition models in order to constrain taphonomic hypotheses regarding Proterozoic microfossil assemblages. Several filamentous and coccoidal prokaryotic and eukaryotic phototrophs were evaluated for taphonomic pattern over the course of a short (~100 days) decomposition experiment. In parallel, simple numerical models were constructed to explain potential taphonomic pathways. These analogue data were then compared to two Mesoproterozoic fossil assemblages, the ~1.5 Ga Kotuikan Formation, Siberia, and the ~1 Ga Angmaat Formation, Canada. Concordant with previous experiments and observations, our results suggest that sheath morphology is more persistent than cell/trichome morphology during early stages of decomposition. These experiments also suggest that taphonomic change in cell morphology may follow one of several trajectories, resulting in distinct taphonomic endpoints. Model output suggests two categories of underlying mechanism and resultant taphonomic trajectory: (1) uniform decomposition, resulting in a low overall taphonomic grade and poor preservation, and (2) faster decomposition of structurally compromised individuals, producing a final population with better overall preservation of very few individuals. In this experiment, cells of coccoidal organisms exhibit the first pattern and trichomes of filamentous organisms and some sheaths exhibit the second. Comparison with preserved microfossil assemblages suggests that differences in taphonomic pattern between parts of an assemblage could be useful in assessing taphonomic processes or degree of taphonomic loss in an entire assemblage.
The Downside of Cyberspace: Cheating Made Easy

This article explores the actual and potential misuses of the World Wide Web in regard to access to “paper mills” and other information sources that make plagiarism relatively easy. The authors describe their experience accessing such paper mill products and present results of a quasi-experiment in which participants graded three papers: one an actual student submission and two purchased off the Internet. Findings suggest reason for concern about student misuse of the World Wide Web. The authors argue that different strategies for the design of class assignments must be considered by all educational programs to diminish enhanced opportunities for “cybercheating.”
Numerical Solution of Burner-Stabilized Pre-Mixed Laminar Flames by an Efficient Boundary Value Method

A numerical technique has been developed for integrating the one-dimensional, steady-state, pre-mixed laminar flame equations. A global finite difference approach is used in which the nonlinear difference equations are solved by a damped-modified Newton method. An assumed temperature profile helps to generate a converged numerical solution on an initial coarse grid. Mesh points are inserted in regions where the solution profiles exhibit high gradient and high curvature activity. These features are discussed and. illustrated in the paper.
An analytical method for assessing the effectiveness of human in the loop simulation environments: a work in progress

This paper discusses the development of the Integrated Training Environment Assessment Methodology (ITEAM). ITEAM is proposed as a way to assess integrated human in the loop (HITL) simulation training environment effectiveness (i.e. to determine how well the simulation tools support the deliberate practice of specific skills) at the human ability level. A work in progress, ITEAM has been used to reassess two previously evaluated military simulation environments -- the game Full Spectrum Command (2004) and the Engagement Skills Trainer Heavy Weapons Variant (2008). ITEAM results from both studies closely resemble and often match those concluded in the original empirical training effectiveness analysis (TEA) studies. A third study is currently underway to solidify ITEAM validity.
Computer-assisted clinimetric tool for the study of facial expression: a pilot validity study.

Clinimetrics is the measurement of clinical phenomena; more specifically, it is mensuration, the act of acquiring and labeling basic raw data that is used to describe or measure symptoms, signs, and other distinctly clinical phenomena. 1 Over the last 5 years, a new computer method for measuring facial expression has been developed. Refinement and validation of this technique are necessary before clinical applications are appropriate. Four hundred fifty data points from two human observers and the computed method were compared with one another by using indices of location, dispersion, and association within the framework of the logical construct of validity. These results suggest that the computed method is valid. This new method may be nearly ready for clinical applications as a primary or adjunctive clinimetric tool.
THE HEALTH AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF METHAMPHETAMINE USE AMONG YOUNG ADULTS

The current research analyzed the relationship between methamphetamine use and health and social outcomes. Interviews were conducted with a sample of 106 respondents. Virtually all of the respondents experienced negative consequences of methamphetamine use. The most serious, but least prevalent, methamphetamine-related heal th problems were seizures and convulsions. The most prevalent health effect was weight loss. A substantial number of respondents experienced severe psychological symptoms: depression, hallucinations, and paranoia. Of the I 06 respondents, 34.9 percent had committed violence while under the influence of methamphetamine. The data suggest that methamphetamine-based violence was more likely to occur within private domestic contexts, both family and acquaintance relationships. It is apparent from the findings that methamphetamine use heightens the risk for negative health, psychological, and social outcomes. Having said this, it is crucial to acknowledge that there was no evidence of a single, uniform career path that all chronic methamphetamine users follow. Furthermore, a significant number of sample members experienced limited or no serious social, psychological, or physical dysfunction as a result of their methamphetamine use.
Keep it local (and final): Remnant preferences in “let alone” ellipsis

The let alone construction (John can't run a mile, let alone a marathon) differs from standard coordination structures (with and or but) by requiring ellipsis of the second conjunct—for example, a ...
Whatever happened to autostress design

This paper is a review of the history of inelastic design criteria for steel girder bridges. The AASHTO Specification's evolution from Working Stress Design (WSD) to Load Factor Design (LFD) to Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) will be the connecting thread of the paper. The author has been involved in some way in much of the research that is behind the inelastic design criteria in the AISC and the AASHTO steel specifications. Brief accounts will be given of the theoretical and experimental background for the inelastic provisions in the LFD and LRFD methods for girder bridge design. The background and the implementation of the “Auto-Stress” method will be discussed.