cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Software Architecture for Interoperable, Evolvable, Near Real-Time Simulations

An architecture based on the design concept of data communication encapsulation via a layer of abstraction has been developed for simulations to interoperate asynchronously in near real time. It has been used to develop ground vehicle simulations for a variety of Army programs. One benefit is that resulting simulations are interoperable and evolvable to accommodate technological and methodological advances in hardware and software. The development pro cess also benefits, because in order to effectively utilize the architecture, designers must first specify all subsystem interactions. This facili tates requirements-to-design mapping before coding, reduces rework during system integra tion, and promotes designing using application domain concepts.
Real-time inverse kinematics techniques for anthropomorphic limbs

In this paper we develop a set of inverse kinematics algorithms suitable for an anthropomorphic arm or leg. We use a combination of analytical and numerical methods to solve generalized inverse kinematics problems including position, orientation, and aiming constraints. Our combination of analytical and numerical methods results in faster and more reliable algorithms than conventional inverse Jacobian and optimization-based techniques. Additionally, unlike conventional numerical algorithms, our methods allow the user to interactively explore all possible solutions using an intuitive set of parameters that define the redundancy of the system.
Disruption of the mGsta4 Gene Increases Life Span of C57BL Mice

The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) forms as a consequence of oxidative stress. By electrophilic attack on biological macromolecules, 4-HNE mediates signaling or may cause toxicity. A major route of 4-HNE disposal is via glutathione conjugation, in the mouse catalyzed primarily by glutathione transferase mGSTA4-4. Unexpectedly, mGsta4-null mice, in which 4-HNE detoxification is impaired, have an extended life span. This finding could be explained by the observed activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 in the knockout mice, which in turn leads to an induction of antioxidant and antielectrophilic defenses. Especially, the latter could provide a detoxification mechanism that contributes to enhanced longevity. We propose that disruption of 4-HNE conjugation elicits a hormetic response in which an initially increased supply of 4-HNE is translated into activation of Nrf2, leading to a new steady state in which the rise of 4-HNE concentrations is dampened, but life-extending detoxification mechanisms are concomitantly induced.
Influence of Swab Material on the Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae by Real-Time PCR

Recent reports have shown an increased recovery of cells from flocked nylon swabs which may improve the specimen quality and the real sensitivity of diagnostic tests in a clinical setting. In this study, the detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae (MS), using dry swabs of different materials (nylon flocked, cotton, and polyester), was investigated using real-time TaqMan PCR protocols. Different types of samples, including dilutions of pure broth cultures of MG and MS as well as swabs from tracheas of experimentally infected chickens and field cases of infection, were analyzed. There were no statistical differences in real-time PCR results among the different swab types (P < 0.05), indicating that this is not likely to be a significant factor in MG and MS detection by this method.
Practice structure improves unconscious transitional memories by increasing synchrony in a premotor network

Sequence learning relies on formation of unconscious transitional and conscious ordinal memories. The influence of practice type on formation of these memories that compose skill and systems level neural substrates is not known. Here, we studied learning of transitional and ordinal memories in participants trained on motor sequences while scanned using fMRI. Practice structure was varied or grouped mixing or grouping sequences during training, respectively. Memory was assessed 30 min and 1 week later. Varied practice improved transitional memory and enhanced coupling of the dorsal premotor cortex with thalamus, cerebellum, and lingual and cingulate regions and greater transitional memory correlated with this coupling. Thus, varied practice improves unconscious transitional memories in proportion to coupling within a cortico-subcortical network linked to premotor cortex. This result indicates that practice structure influences unconscious transitional memory formation and identifies underlying systems level mechanisms.
Rejection of Breast Reconstruction Among Lesbian Breast Cancer Patients.

Abstract Purpose: After having breast cancer (BC) and being treated by mastectomy, patients typically struggle with decisions about reconstruction. It is unclear how lesbian-identified women think about breast reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to explore lesbian BC survivors' attitudes toward breast reconstruction. This study represents the first published study to analyze data from a lesbian-specific BC forum to evaluate such attitudes. Methods: We conducted an inductive thematic analysis of breast reconstruction discussions among individuals who posted to a lesbian-specific online support forum found on breastcancer.org, the largest online support venue for BC survivors. Two hundred fifty-five users posted to the lesbian-specific forum; 53 of these users discussed breast reconstruction and were included in the present analysis. We analyzed a total of 168 posts. Results: Our analysis revealed five important themes related to breast reconstruction attitudes as follows: (1) rejecting being defi...
Electrical impedance tomography signals in the lung are highly position dependent

Introduction : Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) detects changes in electrical impedance provoked by air and blood volume variations within the chest. No consensus exists on how to reconstruct EIT images and how to filter cardiac and respiratory related signals. This study aims to investigate the effect of image reconstruction and specific filtering on EIT signals in different body positions. Methods : Fourteen healthy adults were measured during a breath hold (BH) and while spontaneously breathing (SB) in upright, supine, prone, left and right lateral position. Four different image reconstruction algorithms were applied to the raw data. EIT amplitudes were then calculated with and without filtering for the respiratory and/or heart rate. Amplitudes of cardiac and respiratory related signals in the lung regions were compared between the different body positions. Results : Independent of the reconstruction method used, the upright and supine positions revealed significantly lower amplitudes than the other postures. Using reconstruction methods with more a priori information drastically increased some differences (prone position). Filtering of the SB signal in the frequency domain of the heart rate only showed minimal differences to the unfiltered BH signal with respect to cardiac related impedance amplitudes. Conclusion : EIT signals are highly dependent on body position and to some extent to the reconstruction algorithm used. This might have several consequences for future EIT studies. Especially researchers studying “perfusion” or “ventilation-perfusion” relationships have to be aware of positional effects on the EIT signal not explained by physiological changes.
Aging-related impairment of urine-concentrating mechanisms correlates with dysregulation of adrenocortical angiotensin type 1 receptors in male Fischer rats

To investigate age-associated impairments in fluid homeostasis, 4-mo (young) and 32-mo (old) Fischer 344/BN male rats were studied before and after a dietary sodium load. Transferring young rats from a low-sodium (LS) to a high-sodium (HS) diet increased water intake and urine volume by 1.9- and 3.0-fold, respectively, while urine osmolality and plasma aldosterone decreased by 33 and 98%. Concomitantly, adrenocortical angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) density decreased by 35%, and AT1bR mRNA decreased by 39%; no changes were observed in AT1aR mRNA. In contrast, the increase in water intake (1.4-fold) was lower in the old rats, and there was no effect of the HS diet on urine volume or urine osmolality. AT1R densities were 29% less in the old rats before transferring to the HS diet, and AT1R densities were not reduced as rapidly in response to a HS diet compared with the young animals. After 6 days on the HS diet, plasma potassium was lowered by 26% in the old rats, whereas no change was detected in the young rats. Furthermore, while plasma aldosterone was substantially decreased after 2 days on the HS diet in both young and old rats, plasma aldosterone was significantly lower in the old compared with the young animals after 2 wk on the LS diet. These findings suggest that aging attenuates the responsiveness of the adrenocortical AT1R to a sodium load through impaired regulation of AT1bR mRNA, and that this dysregulation contributes to the defects in water and electrolyte homeostasis observed in aging.
Digestion of Dry Matter and Amino Acids and Energy Utilization by Chicks Fed Molded Corn Containing Mycotoxins

A study was conducted to determine the ability of chicks to digest dry matter and amino acids and to utilize the energy from uncontaminated corn and contaminated corn containing mycotoxins. The contaminated corn contained either aflatoxin from natural molding, citrinin by artificially molding with a Penicillum spp., or ochratoxin by inoculation with Aspergillus ochraceus. Compared to uncontaminated corn, none of the criteria measured was affected in corn contaminated with aflatoxin. Dry matter digestibility, amino acid digestibility, and energy utilization were reduced (P less than .05) when corn was artificially molded with the Pencillium spp. and with A. ochraceus.
551 Initial Experience – Cost Adjusted Quality of Life Years for Patients Supported by Ventricular Assist Devices for Destination Therapy Indication

0 to 60 in under 3 Years: Creating a Regional Referral Network To Grow a New VAD Center W.H. Perry, K.E. Nelson, J.W. Long, N.M. Chelikani, S.R. Clements, T.A. Snyder, B.V. Bogomilov, A.M. Kaneshige, H. Farhoud, C. Simpson, D.A. Horstmanshof. Mechanical Circulatory Support, Integris Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK; Walker Heart Institute Cardiovascular Clinic, Fayetteville, AR; Oklahoma Heart Institute at Hillcrest Medical Center, Tulsa, OK; Kansas Medical Center, Andover, KS; Mercy Heart and Vascular Center, Rogers, AR.
Adaptive Parameter Estimation of Blood Pressure Dynamics Subject to Vasoactive Drug Infusion

Dynamic modeling of arterial blood pressure change subject to vasoactive drug infusion can be a valuable tool for computerized decision support of drug administration as well as for automated closed-loop drug delivery to treat hypotension in emergency trauma care. A time-varying time-delayed first-order dynamic model is considered to describe blood pressure response due to continuous injection of the vasorestrictive drug phenylephrine (PHP). The patient-to-patient as well as intrapatient variability of the dynamic response is taken into account by online identification of the varying model parameters. A multiple-model extended Kalman filter (MMEKF) structure is developed for the real-time estimation of mean arterial pressure and the dynamic blood pressure response model to PHP infusion to assist treatment. Convergence analysis is carried out, along with comparison with offline identification methods. Static drug-response curves for dosage recommendation are obtained from the estimation of the model sensitivity parameter. Finally, a detection algorithm is proposed to identify abrupt model variations caused by sudden physiological changes, such as hemorrhage. The proposed MMEKF parameter estimation method and the hemorrhage detection algorithm are tested and validated using data from animal experiments on anesthetized healthy and hemorrhagic swine that are subject to PHP infusion.
Women’s Representation and Capital Punishment

Although the effects of women’s representation have received significant attention, existing research often emphasizes the impact of women’s representation on issues directly related to women. Rese...
Trends in NHLBI-Funded Research on Sex Differences in Hypertension.

Although sex differences in blood pressure levels and the prevalence of hypertension are well recognized, the mechanisms responsible for this sexual dimorphism remain poorly understood. To gain a better understanding of the research funding trends in the field of sex differences related to hypertension and the main research topics funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), we analyzed the entire NHLBI award portfolio between fiscal years (FYs) 1991 to 2014. Using specific search terms to define “sex differences,” we interrogated the publicly available list of NHLBI-funded awards active in FY1991 to FY2014 in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Research Portfolio Online Reporting (RePORTER) database. We further analyzed and categorized awards according to a disease focus and whether each award was directly focused on comparing males versus females, or examining the effects of sex hormones in either sex. The number of NHLBI awards related to “sex differences in hypertension” progressively increased from FY1991 to FY2014, for a cumulative total of 486 awards during the entire period analyzed. The overall dollar investment has also progressively increased from $0.5 million (FY1991) to $18.3 million (FY2014), for a cumulative total of $187 million during FY1991 to FY2014. When compared with global funding trends, NHLBI seems to be the largest funder of research on “sex differences in hypertension” in the world. Importantly, the increased NHLBI investment in sex differences in hypertension research has enabled the investigation of an increased diversity of scientific topics. Although NHLBI is funding an increasing number of awards related to “sex differences in hypertension,” there are still many unanswered questions related to the mechanisms underlying this disparity. Despite progress in the awareness, prevention, detection, and treatment, hypertension remains a major public health issue affecting every 3 adults worldwide.1 Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular …
Performance in Vigilance Tasks is Related to Both State and Contextual Motivation

Vigilance, or sustained attention, is the ability to maintain attention to stimuli over a prolonged period of time. Synonymous with the study of sustained attention is the vigilance decrement, whic...
Public versus Private Water Delivery: Cost Comparisons

We respond to criticisms raised by Robert McGuire and Robert Ohsfeldt concerning our comparative cost study of regulated private and public water delivery firms, Review of Economics and Statistics (November 1983). Summary results from our subsequent and ongoing research are included as empirical responses to their econometric questions. Model replications estimated from superior data confirm the 1983 results, that pooling of public-private cost functions cannot be rejected. In addition to conceptually defending our study methodology, we argue that cost comparisons, although difficult, are a legitimate means of assessing effects that alternative ownerships may have on production of water delivery services.
Self-efficacy and paradoxical dependence in chronic back pain: A qualitative analysis.

ObjectivesPatients with chronic back pain encounter considerable psychological and social challenges. In particular, the ever-evolving relationship between chronic back pain, sense of self-efficacy...
We Invest More than They

From 1970 to 2010, public investment in the US economy outweighed the private variety by about 1.8 to 1. A stand-alone, self-generating “private-sector economy” is an ideological construct, not an analytical one. Most of this investment went to create, alter, and maintain a modern labor force. This reflects the world-historic shift in the late nineteenth century in Europe, North America, and Japan as the “spontaneous” generation of their labor forces gave way to producing and shaping them via massive, public investment in, especially, education and training. Bizarrely, modern Economics “science” conceives of the labor force as an “unproduced input” into the economy—a free gift of nature! Supporting data tables are appended at the end of the chapter.
Next Generation Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Thermodynamic Understanding and Abuse Performance

The objectives of this report are as follows: elucidate degradation mechanisms, decomposition products, and abuse response for next generation silicon based anodes; and Understand the contribution of various materials properties and cell build parameters towards thermal runaway enthalpies. Quantify the contributions from particle size, composition, state of charge (SOC), electrolyte to active materials ratio, etc.
Platform (Non-)Intervention and the “Marketplace” Paradigm for Speech Regulation:

This article analyzes grassroots opposition to the website Ripoff Report (RoR). RoR is a user-generated content (UGC) platform for “consumer reviews” about both business entities and, often, indivi...
Intratumoral heterogeneity of ERBB2/HER2 expression in micropapillary urothelial carcinoma.

383Background: Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma (MPUC) is a rare but an aggressive variant of urothelial carcinoma. Histologically, most of these tumors are associated with variable amounts of “not otherwise specified (NOS)” urothelial carcinoma. MPUC has been shown to be associated with ERBB2/HER2 amplification and protein overexpression. However, the status and distribution of these findings within the different components of tumors containing both MP and NOS urothelial carcinoma have not been addressed. Methods: We identified 44 cases of MPUC that had tissue available for FISH and IHC at our institute, of which an NOS component sufficient for both FISH and IHC was identified in 37 cases. We followed the updated ASCO/CAP Guidelines for breast cancer and as such amplification was defined by a HER2/CEP17 ratio of ≥ 2.0 or > 6 copies of the gene and HER2 overexpression was considered with IHC scores of 2+ and 3+. Results: In urothelial tumors with both MP and NOS components (n = 37), ERBB2 amplification...
Environmental design implications for two deep space SmallSats

Abstract The extreme environmental challenges of deep space exploration force unique solutions to small satellite design in order to enable their use as scientifically viable spacecraft. The challenges of implementing small satellites within limited resources can be daunting when faced with radiation effects on delicate electronics that require shielding or unique adaptations for protection, or mass, power and volume limitations due to constraints placed by the carrier spacecraft, or even Planetary Protection compliant design techniques that drive assembly and testing. This paper will explore two concept studies where the environmental constraints and/or planetary protection mitigations drove the design of the Flight System. The paper will describe the key technical drivers on the Sylph mission concept to explore a plume at Europa as a secondary free-flyer as a part of the planned Europa Mission. Sylph is a radiation-hardened smallsat concept that would utilize terrain relative navigation to fly at low altitudes through a plume, if found, and relay the mass spectra data back through the flyby spacecraft during its 24-h mission. The second topic to be discussed will be the mission design constraints of the Near Earth Asteroid (NEA) Scout concept. NEAScout is a 6U cubesat that would utilize an 86 sq. m solar sail as propulsion to execute a flyby with a near-Earth asteroid and help retire Strategic Knowledge Gaps for future human exploration. NEAScout would cruise for 24 months to reach and characterize one Near-Earth asteroid that is representative of Human Exploration targets and telemeter that data directly back to Earth at the end of its roughly 2.5 year mission.
The development of STEAM educational policy to promote student creativity and social empowerment

The Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) movement argues that broad-based education that promotes creativity recognizes student learning diversity, increases student enga...
Closed-System Analysis of Tritium in Palladium

This paper reports a closed-system procedure for the analysis of tritium in palladium that has been developed that has a sensitivity and accuracy of 5 {times} 10{sup 7} tritium atoms, corresponding to one tritium atom per 10{sup 13} palladium atoms for a typical 0.1-g palladium sample. The technique involves palladium dissolution in acid, distillation of the triated water, and catalytic oxidation of tritium gas to triated water, followed by liquid scintillation counting. This technique is not subject to false tritium findings from a variety of chemical factors or environmental influences that may affect the results of open-system analytical procedures. The closed-system procedure has been applied to nearly 100 as-manufactured palladium wire samples of various lots and sizes from two different sources. None of these samples show any tritium contamination within the detection limit of 5 {times} 10{sup 7} tritium atoms, By comparison, others, employing an open-system procedure, have reported tritium contamination in as-manufactured palladium 10,000 times larger than the values obtained by this closed system method.
Exploratory textual analysis of consumer health languages for people who are D/deaf and hard of hearing

In this paper, we compared the differences of the consumer health language use between people who are D/deaf and hard of hearing (D/hh), and the public. Due to their relatively limited e-health literacy, D/hh people might use less complex health texts than the general public in their online communication. To test the hypothesis, we utilized text mining and readability measurements to compare the language use of online health discussions of two groups. We collected health data from AllDeaf and Yahoo!Answers, representing online communities for deaf people and the public, respectively. Flesch Kincaid Grade and professional health vocabulary coverage were utilized to compare their health writing complexity. The results showed that the public did not use significantly more complex health texts and health vocabularies than D/hh people. Further explorations are needed to analyze other readability metrics and clarify the influence of platforms on health writing complexity.
A Joint Sequential and Relational Model for Frame-Semantic Parsing

We introduce a new method for frame-semantic parsing that significantly improves the prior state of the art. Our model leverages the advantages of a deep bidirectional LSTM network which predicts semantic role labels word by word and a relational network which predicts semantic roles for individual text expressions in relation to a predicate. The two networks are integrated into a single model via knowledge distillation, and a unified graphical model is employed to jointly decode frames and semantic roles during inference. Experiments on the standard FrameNet data show that our model significantly outperforms existing neural and non-neural approaches, achieving a 5.7 F1 gain over the current state of the art, for full frame structure extraction.
Scoping Review and Meta-analysis of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Radiation-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis

To critically review and summarize existing literature assessing the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for the treatment of radiation-induced urologic injury. Though 5 of the included 13 studies were published in the last 2–3 years, the only randomized controlled study was performed in 2012. Recent studies have confirmed the safety and efficacy of HBOT as well as identified risk factors for success vs. failure of HBOT for hemorrhagic radiation cystitis (HRC). Of the 602 patients that received HBOT for HRC, 84% had a partial or complete resolution. In the 7 studies that utilized RTOG/EORTC, 75% of patients saw an improvement in hematuria of at least one grade (out of possible 5 total). Of the 499 patients with documented follow-up, 14% experienced recurrence, with a median time to recurrence of 10 months (6 to 16.5 months).
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Beta-Arrestin-Dependent Chemotaxis and Actin-Cytoskeletal Reorganization

β-Arrestins play a crucial role in cell migration downstream of multiple G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) through multiple mechanisms. There is considerable evidence that β-arrestin-dependent scaffolding of actin assembly proteins facilitates the formation of a leading edge in response to a chemotactic signal. Conversely, there is substantial support for the hypothesis that β-arrestins facilitate receptor turnover through their ability to desensitize and internalize GPCRs. This chapter discusses both theories for β-arrestin-dependent chemotaxis in the context of recent studies, specifically addressing known actin assembly proteins regulated by β-arrestins, chemokine receptors, and signaling by chemotactic receptors.
Health Effects of Prenatal and Early-Life Exposure to Arsenic

Prenatal and/or early-life exposure to inorganic arsenic is associated with a wide variety of adverse health effects that can impact the lifelong health of individuals. Of particular concern are the latent effects associated with such exposures as they can be a significant cause of mortality and may impact disease risk in subsequent generations. Epidemiological and animal studies have helped to identify the diversity of health effects observed, the varied latencies associated with these effects, and the impacts of other factors on disease development. These studies have also provided some insight into the complex molecular mechanisms associated with latent disease development. In spite of the vast literature on this topic, it is clear that much remains to be learned about these precise molecular underpinnings. Moreover, the true impact of prenatal arsenic exposure on the global burden of disease is likely to have been vastly underestimated.
Relativity in Peer Effects: Evidence from a Travel Agency

An individual's peers at work affect her on-the-job performance in important ways. Prevailing research argues that the magnitude of these peer effects depends on the worker's or peers' absolute lev...
Paula Kobe's Harassment in Brazil

A recent MBA graduate lands her dream job in Sao Paulo working as a consultant in the Brazilian office of an American company. While she finds the job and country to be very interesting, unexpected challenges, mainly sexual harassment, make the assignment too difficult to handle. The case explores cross-cultural gender roles and legal issues in international assignments.
Crystal Structures of Energetic Compounds: Ab-Initio Potential Functions and Ab-Initio Crystal Orbitals

Detonation pressures and detonation velocities are governed by the crystal densities (gms./cc.) of explosives. Our approach to predicting optimal crystal-packing and crystal-structure parameters is based on ab-initio potential functions from nonempirical ab-initio calculations of smaller molecular aggregates (monomers, dimers, trimers, etc.). The total SCF interaction energies are partitioned into the different components, and then these components are fit individually to functional forms or when necessary recalculated or estimated explicitly for certain interaction components for each different unit cell dimension change. The CRYSTAL-JHU program, given the crystal symmetry, allows us to vary and optimize the crystal-structure parameters. The agreement of our calculated unit cell dimensions of nitromethane (CH3NO2) and of RDX with experiment was excellent, within 1 to 2.8%.
Pharmacologic Treatment of Hypertension

A 47-year-old African-American man presents to your outpatient clinic after learning that his blood pressure (BP) was 180/95 mmHg at a public health screening. He has been feeling well overall and does not take any medications regularly. He is anxious about his future risk of kidney disease, as his father recently has been initiated on hemodialysis for end stage kidney disease related to hypertension. Your patient is currently employed as a police officer and notes that on many work days he eats several fast food meals. His physical examination is pertinent for a seated BP of 176/89 mmHg, a pulse of 86 beats per minute, and a laterally displaced PMI on cardiac examination. Funduscopic exam reveals focal narrowing of retinal arterioles. He has no peripheral edema. The rest of the physical examination is unremarkable. He is wondering what medication he can take to help control his BP and is worried about side effects that might interfere with his work performance.
Second Screen Engagement of Event Spectators

An effective means of engaging spectators at live events involves providing real-time information from a variety of sources. Consumers demand personalized experience; thus, a single channel perspective fails. Modern entertainment must extend to spectator mobile devices and adapt content to individual interests. Moreover, such systems should take advantage of venue screens to engage in sharing live information, aggregated social media, etc. We propose a second screen application, providing each audience member a personalized perspective, involving mobile devices equipped with Wi-Fi, and spanning to venue screens in hotels, halls, arenas, elevators, etc. Such a system engages both local audience and remote spectators. Our work provides a case study involving experience from the deployment of such an application at the ACM-ICPC World Finals with audiences at the event and around the world. We analyze and categorize its features, consider its impact on the audience, and measure its demands.
An Energy-efficient Wirelessly Powered Millimeter-scale Neurostimulator with Optimized Inductive Loop Antenna and Custom Rectifier

This paper presents a wirelessly powered millimeter-scale neurostimulator based on an integrated circuit (IC) that is co-designed with an inductive loop antenna. The circuit uses a positive feedback to generate output stimuli eliminating the need for any control blocks. Low-voltage and high-voltage versions of the circuit are discussed, which can generate ~1 V and ~2 V stimulation intensities, respectively. The low-voltage design is implemented in a 180 nm CMOS process and occupies an area of 1 mm x 0.2 mm (including pads). A systematic co-design procedure is presented to optimize the rectifier and the inductive loop antenna, rendering the stimulator assembly to occupy an area of 5 mm x 7.5 mm. The stimulator was fully implanted on a rat sciatic nerve 2 cm under the skin and successfully excited the axons. A multi-receiver energy transfer system is further presented targeting future in-body sensor networks.
Beyond access: Psychosocial barriers to undocumented students’ use of mental health services

Abstract Rationale Little is known about how undocumented immigrants navigate healthcare utilization issues apart from access. Objective We examine a unique population of undocumented immigrants who have access to healthcare - college students at the University of California - to identify how immigration status hinders mental health service utilization in the absence of barriers related to eligibility and insurance coverage. Method We conducted semistructured interviews between March and July 2017 with 30 undocumented students at a University of California campus. Results We argue that undocumented immigration status informs mental health-related illness cognitions to negatively affect students' ability to assess their own mental health and need for services. Students expressed low perceived need because they normalized mental strain as a natural product of their unstable immigration status. Many viewed treatment as futile because it could not address underlying immigration-related issues. They also anticipated stigmas associated with mental illness as well as their own undocumented status. Conclusion Solutions to address utilization disparities must go beyond eliminating formal barriers to health access and address such psychosocial barriers, as well as the larger political and social context that produces them.
Parkinson-Plus Syndromes

Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome defined by akinesia (paucity of spontaneous movement), bradykinesia (slowed movement), rigidity (involuntary resistance to passive displacement of a body part), and sometimes resting tremor (involuntary oscillation of a limb occurring when the limb is relaxed and supported against gravity). It is caused by loss of function of the dopaminergic projection from the substantia nigra of the midbrain to the caudate and putamen (striatum) of the basal ganglia. This can occur after exposure to dopamine receptor antagonist drugs or in diseases such as Parkinson disease (PD) that cause degeneration of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. Parkinson-plus syndromes are clinically and pathologically distinct from PD and combine parkinsonism with prominent additional abnormalities. In this chapter, we discuss the two most common Parkinson-plus disorders: progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Compared with PD, they typically have more prominent bulbar dysfunction and are collectively an important problem in neurolaryngology practice.
High Frequency of Shared Clonotypes in Human T Cell Receptor Repertoires.

Summary The collection of T cell receptors (TCRs) generated by somatic recombination is large but unknown. We generate large TCR repertoire datasets as a resource to facilitate detailed studies of the role of TCR clonotypes and repertoires in health and disease. We estimate the size of individual human recombined and expressed TCRs by sequence analysis and determine the extent of sharing between individual repertoires. Our experiments reveal that each blood sample contains between 5 million and 21 million TCR clonotypes. Three individuals share 8% of TCRβ- or 11% of TCRα-chain clonotypes. Sorting by T cell phenotypes in four individuals shows that 5% of naive CD4+ and 3.5% of naive CD8+ subsets share their TCRβ clonotypes, whereas memory CD4+ and CD8+ subsets share 2.3% and 0.4% of their clonotypes, respectively. We identify the sequences of these shared TCR clonotypes that are of interest for studies of human T cell biology.
Pediatric Inflammatory and Autoimmune Neurologic Disorders at a Tertiary Medical Center.

Objectives:To describe the spectrum of pediatric inflammatory neurologic diseases and compare the sensitivity of ancillary testing for these diagnoses.Methods:We analyzed clinical features and outc...
Water wavenumber calibration for visible light optical coherence tomography.

Significance: Visible light optical coherence tomography (OCT) is emerging for spectroscopic and ultrahigh resolution imaging, but challenges remain. Depth-dependent dispersion limits retinal image quality and current correction approaches are cumbersome. Inconsistent group refractive indices during image reconstruction also limit reproducibility. Aim: To introduce and evaluate water wavenumber calibration (WWC), which corrects depth-dependent dispersion and provides an accurate depth axis in water. Approach: Enabled by a visible light OCT spectrometer configuration with a 3- to 4-dB sensitivity roll-off over 1 mm in air across a 90-nm bandwidth, we determine the spectral phase of a 1-mm water cell, an affine function of water wavenumber. Via WWC, we reconstruct visible light OCT human retinal images with 1.3-μm depth resolution in water. Results: Images clearly reveal Bruch’s membrane, inner plexiform layer lamination, and a thin nerve fiber layer in the temporal parafovea. WWC halves the processing time, while achieving the same image definition as an assumption-free gold standard approach, suggesting that water wavenumber is a suitable proxy for tissue wavenumber. WWC also provides a depth axis in water without explicitly assuming a group refractive index. Conclusions: WWC is a simple method that helps to realize the full potential of visible light OCT.
Cohesin promotes stochastic domain intermingling to ensure proper regulation of boundary-proximal genes

The mammalian genome can be segmented into thousands of topologically associated domains (TADs) based on chromosome conformation capture studies, such as Hi-C. TADs have been proposed to act as insulated neighborhoods, spatially sequestering and insulating the enclosed genes and regulatory elements through chromatin looping and self-association. Recent results indicate that inter-TAD interactions can also occur, suggesting boundaries may be semi-permissible. However, the nature, extent, and function, if any, of these inter-TAD interactions remains unclear. Here, we combine super-and high-resolution microscopy with Oligopaint technology to precisely quantify the interaction frequency within and between neighboring domains in human cells. We find that intermingling across domain boundaries is a widespread feature of the human genome, with varying levels of interactions across different loci that correlate with their differing boundary strengths by Hi-C. Moreover, we find that cohesin depletion, which is known to abolish TADs at the population-average level, does not induce ectopic interactions but instead reduces both intra- and inter-domain interactions to a similar extent. Reduced chromatin intermixing due to cohesin loss affects domain incorporation and transcriptional bursting frequencies of genes close to architectural boundaries, potentially explaining the gene expression changes observed in the cohesinopathy Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Together, our results provide a mechanistic explanation for stochastic domain intermingling, arguing that cohesin partially bypasses boundaries to promote alternating incorporation of boundary-proximal genes into neighboring regulatory domains.
Effects of increased retroversion angle on glenoid baseplate fixation in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a finite element analysis

Abstract Background Increased glenoid retroversion occurs in patients with severe arthritis but its effect on baseplate fixation of a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) is not clear. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of increasing glenoid retroversion on baseplate fixation in rTSA using finite element analysis (FEA) modeling. Methods Five sets of computerized tomographic images of healthy normal shoulders were selected and segmented with Amira (Thermo Fisher Scientific) to obtain the solid geometries. Scapula FEA models with 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25° retroversion angles were generated for each healthy scapula geometry and a rTSA glenoid baseplate was implanted on each model. Maximum stress at the anterior and posterior portions of the glenoid and the micromotion between the bone and baseplate were recorded. After simulation with normal scapular bone material properties (Young's modulus 4 GPa and Poisson's ratio 0.3), another set of simulations was run on each subject with a 25° retroversion angle and poor bone quality (Young's modulus 500 MPa and Poisson's ratio 0.3) to study a worst-case scenario. Micromotions in each model were also recorded. All statistical analysis was done with SPSS. Results Simulation results of models generated from the same subject but with different retroversion angles showed a clear pattern: as retroversion angle increased, the stresses increased posteriorly and decreased anteriorly. Also, micromotion between the bone and the baseplate increased with the increase of retroversion angle. With analysis of variance, we found that all three values change significantly as the retroversion angle increases (P Discussion In all cases with both normal and poor bone quality, the stresses and micromotion stayed below the threshold to allow for bone ingrowth of the glenoid baseplate to occur. Based on these results, for glenoid baseplates with a central peg/post and 4 screws for fixation, rTSA baseplate retroversion does not need to be corrected to less than 10° to provide good initial fixation as has been recommended for a cemented glenoid component and can withstand the initial stresses and micromotion up to 25° of retroversion. Level of evidence Basic Science Study; Computer Modeling
For God and Country: The Political Activism of Religious Congregations in the United States

In this paper, I draw on four waves of the National Congregations Study to explore the political activism of religious congregations in the United States, how this activity has changed over the past two decades, and in what ways it varies across religious traditions. It shows that although theologically conservative Christians have developed a reputation for political activism, this is not reflected at the congregational level. White evangelical churches seldom engage in overt political activity and instead seek to keep their focus on the worship of God. Rather, it is Roman Catholic and Black Protestant congregations that are the most politically active, engaging in a wide-variety of activities, such as distributing voter guides, registering people to vote, forming groups to discuss politics, lobbying or marching about particular issues, or inviting political candidates and elected officials to speak at their worship services. The paper also finds that the marching and lobbying efforts of religious congregations increased in 2018-19, an increase that may very well reflect reactions to policies of President Trump's administration. The paper concludes with a brief reflection on the results of the analysis, and noting that it just begins to scratch the surface if congregational political activism, it offers a few suggestions for future research.
Open Trade, Closed Borders: Immigration Policy in the Era of Globalization

This paper argues that trade and immigration policy cannot be studied as separate policies but instead scholars must take an integrated view of these two foreign economic policies. Trade and immigration policy are substitutes. The choice of trade policy affects immigration policy in labor scarce countries through its effects on firms. Closure to trade increases the average firm level demand for immigration, leading to immigration openness, and free trade decreases the average firm demand, leading to restricted immigration. To test this argument, I develop a new dataset on the immigration policies of 19 states from the late 18th century through the early 21st century. This is one of the few datasets on immigration policy and is the only one to cover the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries. The data show that indeed, trade policy has the hypothesized effect on immigration; immigration policy cannot be fully understood without examining trade policy. This paper, therefore, suggests that trade and other foreign economic policies should be examined in light of immigration policy and each other as well.
Phobic and Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents

Compact, authoritative guidance to effective assessment and treatment of the most common psychological difficulties in children and adolescents - phobia and anxiety disorders This authoritative but compact text addresses the psychopathology, assessment, and treatment of the anxiety disorders and phobias in childhood and adolescence. These perplexing conditions are the most prevalent psychological difficulties in young people and result in considerable impairment and distress, not only to the child but also to her or his family. Effective treatments exist, but unfortunately many of these interventions are either not known to the practicing professionals or not used by them. This volume aims to address this gap and to present these interventions in a clear and straightforward manner.
On Iterated Numerical Integration

We revisit the iterated numerical integration method and show that it is extremely efficient in solving certain classes of problems. A multidimensional integral can be approximated by a combination of lower-dimensional or one-dimensional adaptive methods iteratively. When an integrand contains sharp ridges which are not parallel with any axis, iterated methods often outperform adaptive cubature methods in low dimensions. We use examples to support our analysis.
Graph Theory Methods for the Analysis of Neural Connectivity Patterns

This paper summarizes a set of graph theory methods that are of special relevance to the computational analysis of neural connectivity patterns. Methods characterizing average measures of connectivity, similarity of connection patterns, connectedness and components, paths, walks and cycles, distances, cluster indices, ranges and shortcuts, and node and edge cut sets are introduced and discussed in a neurobiological context. A set of Matlab functions implementing these methods is available for download at http://php.indiana.edu/~osporns/graphmeasures.htm.
Identifying noisy features with the Pairwise Attribute Noise Detection Algorithm

A critical issue in data mining and knowledge discovery is the problem of data quality. Quantifying the presence of noise in dataset is often used as an indicator of data quality. While existing works have mostly focused on detecting class noise or mislabeling errors, very limited attention has been given to finding noisy attributes or features. Prior work in the area of noise handling has concentrated on the detection of observations that contain noise in either the attributes or class labels. Methodologies that provide insight into the quality of an attribute can provide valuable knowledge to a domain expert when data analysis is being performed. We present a novel methodology for detecting noisy attributes. The procedure utilizes our recently proposed Pairwise Attribute Noise Detection Algorithm (PANDA) for detecting instances with attribute noise. From a data analyst's point of view, our approach provides a viable solution to: "Given a dataset, which attribute(s) contains the most noise?". The proposed methodology is investigated with multiple case studies of a real-world software measurement dataset. The empirical study is investigated by injecting simulated noise into one or more attributes of a dataset that has no class noise. Based on a domain expert's inspection of the obtained results, the effectiveness of our technique for detecting noisy attributes is demonstrated.
Traumatic brain injury manifested as optic neuropathy in the horse: A commentary and clinical case

Summary Blindness from head trauma is a serious debilitating disease in the horse. It appears that blunt trauma to the skull results in intracranial injury to the optic nerve at the optic chiasm from mechanical and vascular mechanisms. Systemically administered iron and calcium chelation therapy may enable some horses to recover vision.
Supersonic viscous flow over cones at incidence

The conically symmetric Navier-Stokes equations are solved by MacCormack's method for the supersonic flow past sharp cones at incidence. To provide closure for the case of turbulent flows, a scalar eddy-viscosity model based on mixing length hypotheses is used. The results are compared with available experimental data.
PEELABILITY AND YIELD OF PROCESSING TOMATOES BY STEAM OR LYE

Approximately 25% of the processed tomatoes grown in California are made into value-added foods such as whole peeled and diced tomatoes. Peel removal is the first step in this process, and it must be optimized for both quality and yield. The effect of peeling conditions on tomato cultivars Halley 3155 and Heinz 8892 (H 8892) was evaluated. Considerable texture loss results from peeling; however, firmness was greater for cv. Halley 3155 than for cv. H 8892 regardless of peeling conditions utilized. Peeling under low steam pressures (12 psig) was insufficient to adequately peel either cultivar. While high pressure steam (18 psig) was more efficient at peel removal, increasing vacuum level from 20 in. to 24 in. did not improve peelability of either cultivar. Because cultivar affected peelability and yield, specific tomato cultivars should be evaluated and directed to either paste or whole peeled and diced tomatoes as appropriate.