cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is Seeing Believing? A Survey of Magazine Professionals' Practices and Attitudes Toward Ethical Standards for Photographs

A survey of magazine professionals found fewer than four in 10 respondents would alter or enhance an image to improve its readability. Circulation, size and magazine type predicted whether respondents would enhance photographs. However, despite the declines in media credibility and the expectation among readers that publications would indicate when a photograph has been doctored, few supported the use of photation marks, marks similar to quotation marks, to indicate that a photograph has not been doctored beyond minimal standards. Most of the respondents preferred either to use the term “photo-illustration” or to give no indication of any kind.
DELIVERY OF PEDIATRIC HEALTH SERVICES IN A RURAL HEALTH CENTER

The Division of Health Affairs of the Office of Economic Opportunity is currently supporting a number of Neighborhood Health Centers throughout the country. One such "Poverty Program" center is described along with the presentation of the efforts made to provide a comprehensive health action program which directly relates to a poor rural community in Mississippi. Originating in Tufts University School of Medicine 1,500 miles away in Boston, the multidisciplinary team members work both in the field and in the health center itself to involve members of the community within a defined area in the provision of what must be considered to be more than basic medical services. The social, educational, cultural, and psychological factors which are relevant to and influence the health of individuals and groups in the target area are inspected and analyzed. Despite free and accessible medical facilities, various barriers are present which interfere with the delivery of services. Members of the health team must determine both their own priorities and those of the local community in the combined participation of local health councils within the overall program. The possibilities of a teaching exposure for all levels of health personnel in a rural health center must be emphasized along with the vast potential for basic research.
Transposable-Element Vectors to Transform Drosophila and Other Insects

P transposable elements (TEs) have been genetically modified to serve as vectors for inserting exogenous deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into Drosophila . This new tool has revolutionized research on insect development and analyses of gene structure, function, regulation, and position effects in D. melanogaster . When P -element vectors containing cloned genes are microinjected into early-stage Drosophila embryos, some of the P vectors integrate into the chromosomes in germ-line tissues. If the newly inserted DNA is transmitted to the progeny of the injected embryos, stable transformation occurs. Transposon tagging, which occurs when a single P inserts into a gene and causes a visible mutation, facilitates the identification and cloning of genes from Drosophila . A gene is “tagged” with the P , making it easier to clone it. P -element vectors repair gaps left in chromatids when P elements excise, which offers the possibility of inserting exogenous DNA into targeted, rather than random, sites in the Drosophila chromosome. Many drosophilid species have inactive forms of P in their genomes. Inactive elements are suppressed by several mechanisms to reduce the deleterious effects active transposition imposes on individuals and populations. Thus, the long-term survival of TEs, such as P , may require that they move horizontally into new species.
The Right to Know in the Workplace

The makers of public policy cannot avoid the deep and often strident public controversy over the nature and scope of basic moral rights. There are persuasive defenders on both sides of the issue. Forging public policy in the absence of a broad public consensus is nothing more than the arbitrary imposition by government of some preferred, but not necessarily privileged, moral view. It hardly seems the legitimate role of a democratic government, even in the name of moral leadership, to so impose views that are deeply controversial and not capable of broad-based support by the population at large. It is better by far, for reasons of stable public policy, that we seek the painful path of building a general public consensus among the well-informed and well-meaning citizenry. If no such consensus can be achieved, then the law will, as a matter of necessity, settle the issue in the interest of the efficient discharge of general social functions. . .and that is really not a particularly unfortunate outcome.
Placental Copper Transport in Rats: Effects of Elevated Dietary Zinc on Fetal Copper, Iron and Metallothionein

We hypothesized that the competition between zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) during fetal accretion of copper could be discriminated at either the dam-to-placenta or placenta-to-fetus stage. This premise was tested by feeding dams a high Zn diet (1000 mg/kg, HZn) during the second half of gestation. One day before delivery, dams were anesthetized, fetuses removed and both maternal and fetal tissues and plasma obtained and assayed. Other rats were fed a normal Zn concentration diet (32.4 mg/kg, ND) throughout pregnancy. There were significantly lower fetal liver Cu concentrations and greater plasma Fe concentrations, but not plasma Cu concentrations or liver Fe concentrations in the HZn group. Both dam and fetal Zn liver concentrations were greater in the HZn than in the ND group. Plasma Cu levels were lower in the HZn-fed than in the ND-fed dams. Placental tissue from the HZn litters had a greater concentration of Zn and Fe than did the ND group, whereas no effect was noted for Cu concentration. Metallothionein (MT) levels were elevated in dam livers and placenta in the HZn group, but there were no differences in fetal liver MT. The dynamic assessment of placental transport was conducted by injecting 2.5 mg/kg Cu acetate intravenously into dams of both groups. Sequential samplings of dam and fetal blood and placentas were taken from 0 to 60 min. After the Cu bolus, there was a consistently higher plasma Cu concentration in the HZn than in the ND dams, but no alteration in the concentration of Cu in the placenta or fetal plasma. This study indicates that placental Cu uptake is not affected by a high Zn diet in the dam. In addition, the greater Zn concentration in the placenta of HZn than in ND litters results in abnormal fetal Cu, Fe and Zn concentrations, suggesting that an imbalanced maternal mineral consumption is deleterious to normal divalent metal accretion.
The Uncomfortable Encounter Between an Urban Black and a Rural White: The Ideological Implications of Racial Conflict on MTV’s The Real World

Through MTV’s The Real World, this study examines the ideological implications of reality TV that recurrently constructs racial conflict between an urban Black and a rural White. The ideological potential in the audience reading of racial conflict on The Real World seems limited because the text’s ideological premise, the idea that racial problems are matters that can be resolved through interpersonal reconciliation rather than challenging racism as a system, was forcefully reinforced in the audiences’ discussion about the show. However, the depiction of racial conflict on reality TV has a progressive potential in that it may make race a focal point, helping some viewers be aware of the importance of an open dialogue about different racial perspectives and experiences, which is an indispensable step toward recognizing racial problems in the broader society.
Note on Saponins and Their Sapogenins from Strawberry Clover

A crystalline mixture of saponins was isolated from strawberry clover ( Trifolium fragiferum ). Upon hydrolysis with dilute acid this product yielded the soyasapogenols B and C, a very small quantity of unidentified sapogenin, and several sugars.
Measuring Emotion in Open-ended Survey Responses: An Application of Textual Data Analysis

The present study illustrates the use of a qualitative research technique, textual data analysis, in assessing the emotional content of open-ended survey responses. The Dictionary of Affect in Language (DAL), one of many acceptable routes to the measurement of emotion, provided the basis for scoring open-ended responses collected in a study of the organizational transformation efforts of a Fortune 100 firm based in the midwestern United States. Managers and corporate executives were surveyed with an in-depth questionnaire that included quantitative measures of several work-related perceptions and attitudes as well as open-ended questions regarding two major events that occurred during the transformation. Dimension scores produced from the DAL and direct ratings of open-ended responses correlated with the quantitative measures in expected and consistent ways. The use of textual data analytic approaches is discussed, and advantages and disadvantages of such approaches are broadly addressed.
Vibrational spectroscopy in the development of surface hydrophilic elastomer latex (SHEL)

Abstract An illustrative example is given to show how various vibrational spectroscopy techniques coupled with two-dimensional (2D) correlation analysis can be effectively utilized in the development of a novel and functional material. Surface-hydrophilic elastomer latex (SHEL) is a material exhibiting rather unusual permanently water-wettable surface feature despite having a soft and rubbery bulk property, which can be successfully analyzed with vibrational spectroscopy. 2D photoacoustic (PAS) IR spectra of a SHEL film indicate the localized surface segregation of long-chain ethoxylate moiety of the oligomeric surfactant used in the preparation of this material. The accumulation of the hydrophilic long-chain ethoxylate produces the high energy polar surface over the hydrophobic bulk phase of SBR copolymer. The persistence of very low water contact angle, even after repeated washing of a SHEL film with an excess amount of water, indicates permanent covalent attachment of long-chain ethoxylate group to the SBR copolymer. 2D Raman spectra generated from the process monitoring of the emulsion copolymerization of SHEL reveal the mechanism of the covalent attachment of long-chain ethoxylate. The reaction involves a separate step of oleyl moiety of the block surfactant reacting with 1,3-butadiene prior to the onset of copolymerization to produce the SBR latex product.
Toxicity to Fly Larvae of Droppings from Chicks Reared on Insecticide-Treated Feed

The toxicity to larvae of Musca domestica L., Fannia pusio (Wiedemann), Chrysomya megacephala (F.), and Parasarcophaga argyrostoma (Robineau-Desvoidy) of droppings from chicks administered 12 insecticides was determined. Bidrin® (3-hydroxy- N,N -dimethyl- cis -croton-amide dimethyl phosphate), N-2404 ( O - (2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl) O -isopropyl ethylphosphonothioate), and N-2788 ( O -ethyl S-p -tolyl ethylphosphonodithioate) were highly toxic to the larvae of the 4 fly species at concentrations in the feed between 50 and 100 ppm. At this concentration range, R-3413 ( S - (4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl) O,O -diethyl phosphorodithioate) was highly toxic to M. domestica, F. pusio , and C. megacephala while N-3051 ( S-p - tert -butylphenyl O -ethyl ethylphosphonodithioate) was highly toxic to M. domestica and C. megacephala . Larval mortality was determined also in droppings inoculated directly with the insecticides. N-2404 was more toxic after passage through the chick than when directly inoculated into the droppings. Ciodrin® (α-methylbenzyl 3-hydroxycrotonate dimethyl phosphate) was less toxic to the larvae after passage through the chick.
Parameter estimation for stochastic processes

�9 A stochastic process [x(t), t E I], or x for short, has associated with it a probability measure Px defined on suitable subsets of the space of sample functions on I. The problems of determining when measures Px and P~ associated with processes x and y are mutually absolutely continuous and of computing the Radon-Nikodym derivative dPx/dPy have been much investigated in recent years. In particular, a necessary and sufficient criterion has been given in case x and y are Gaussian for determining the mutual absolute continuity of Px and Py [3]. If we take I to be an interval and x and y to have zero means and correlation functions R~(s, t) and R~(s, t) whose associated integral operators on L~(dt, I) are compact, then the criterion is that R;�89 �89 have an extension to a Hilbert--Schmidt operator and under these circumstances dPx/dPy can be expressed in terms of the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of this operator. In parameter estimation, however, where whole families (P~) of measures must be considered, results of this type (which tend to involve separate calculations for each pair 61 and as) often involve prohibitive amounts of calculation and also obscure the role played by the parameter itself. In [8] we attacked this problem under the assumption that the processes x~ were gotten from each other by the application of a one-parameter group T~ of transformations acting on the sample functions of the process. Specifically, we assumed given an algebra F of bounded random variables on which T~ operated as a group of automorphisms (intuitively (T~/)(x)=/(T~x)) such that the derivative DT~/(x)=~Tj(x)/~o~ existed and was uniformly bounded in ~ and x. It was shown there that the existence of a random variable ~ satisfying j" q~/dP~ = S D/dPz for all / in F implied the existence of a strongly continuous one-parameter group [V(~)[~>0] of contractions on LI(P~)
Preventing the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms through antimicrobial use controls : The complexity of the problem

Widespread use of antimicrobials in the inpatient and outpatient setting has been associated with the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. A variety of methods exist to improve the appropriateness of antimicrobial use in the inpatient setting, including guidelines, antimicrobial use evaluations, micribiology laboratory guidance, formulary development and antimicrobial restriction, use of antimicrobial order or automatic stop order forms, and antimicrobial audits. To decrease the selective pressure that leads to development of pathogen resistance and to reduce antimicrobial expenditures, infectious disease, infection control, pharmacy, and administrative staff need to improve clinician use of antimicrobials through development and implementation of antimicrobial use committees. Through the implementation of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to antimicrobial use and development of clinician education programs, inappropriate antimicrobial use can be reduced, patient care can be improved, and substantial cost savings can be realized.
Cytogenetic studies in patients with myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia

Abstract Serial cytogenetic studies were performed in 20 documented cases of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Of those cases studied at the time of initial diagnosis, 64% were aneuploid while the overall incidence of aneuploidy was 75%. In six patients in this series, the disease terminated in leukemia; two of these patients had normal karyotypes, one had a normal karyotype initially and developed aneuploidy nearly three years later, and three had varying degrees of aneuploidy. Of the 14 cases who showed no evidence of leukemia, only three had completely normal karyotypes. These studies demonstrate that extensive chromosomal abnormalities of a complex and non-specific nature are common in myelofibrosis. The cytogenetic data reflect the relationship which exists between leukemia and the various myeloproliferative disorders, and also indicates a myelofibrosis should in fact be considered as an expression of another, underlying myeloproliferative disorder rather than as a separate disease. A change in karyotype may herald the appearance of a malignant clone and subsequent development of leukemia.
Degradation and Subversion through Subsystem Attacks

Attacks targeting something or someone indirectly-nth order attacks against end systems--have occurred on a large scale in real life. It goes to the heart of how conflicts between open societies and their enemies are waged: trust subsystems. Trust helps lower tangible and intangible transaction costs between individuals, corporations, and the state. Members of "high-trust" societies like the United States leverage trust beyond family ties to form efficient civic and economic organizations. Because trust permeates every facet of open societies, it's a very easy assumption for malicious actors to violate.
Gender-related differences in cardiac response to supine exercise assessed by radionuclide angiography

AbstractThis study examines the recently reported gender differences in cardiac responses to exercise. The study group consisted of 192 men and 67 women with a low probability of coronary artery di...
EXFOLIATION SYNDROME IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES II. CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENT POPULATION AND CLINICAL COURSE

Fifty-three patients with the exfoliation syndrome, seen at the Duke University Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina, were characterized by a mean age of 71.3 years, a predilection toward women (38:15), and a marked preponderance of whites to blacks (51:2). There were 31 unilateral and 22 bilateral cases on the initial exam, with glaucoma in 62 of the 75 eyes with exfoliation, as well as 15 of the fellow, non-exfoliation eyes. The incidence of glaucoma is undoubtedly skewed, since the patients were from a glaucoma referral practice. Twenty-four patients were followed from six months to ten years, with a mean of three years, during which time four patients progressed from unilateral to bilateral exfoliation and five more patients acquired glaucoma in eyes with the exfoliation syndrome. The glaucoma associated with the exfoliation syndrome was typically difficult to treat with a high percentage of patients requiring multiple medications or surgical intervention.
Exact real-space renormalization group and new truncation algorithms for lattice theories

This paper discusses the theoretical basis of variational algorithms for thinning degrees of freedom in a lattice Hamiltonian theory. We show that such a thinning can, in principle, be an exact real-space renormalization-group transformation to a lattice with fewer sites. This exact transformation can only be constructed given the exact ground state of the theory. However, this insight teaches us how to significantly improve previous variational algorithms. Further improvements in ability to calculate quantities of interest is achieved by introducing ''look-ahead'' algorithms which allow us to maintain a renormalization-group interpretation while introducing long-distance physics into the determination of variational parameters. We find that algorithms incorporating both these features are much more powerful than previous truncation algorithms. For pedagogical reasons we present our algorithms using as examples two well-understood theories, namely, free scalar field theory and the Ising model in a transverse field in 1+1 dimensions. Discussion of higher dimensions and less trivial theories is included in the final section. An appendix on generalized mean-field theory is also included.
Benefit or burden? Attraction in cross-sex friendship

We propose that, because cross-sex friendships are a historically recent phenomenon, men’s and women’s evolved mating strategies impinge on their friendship experiences. In our first study involving pairs of friends, emerging adult males reported more attraction to their friend than emerging adult females did, regardless of their own or their friend’s current relationship status. In our second study, both emerging and middle-aged adult males and females nominated attraction to their cross-sex friend as a cost more often than as a benefit. Younger females and middle-aged participants who reported more attraction to a current cross-sex friend reported less satisfaction in their current romantic relationship. Our findings implicate attraction in cross-sex friendship as both common and of potential negative consequence for individuals’ long-term mateships.
Pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil in the hamster following inhalation delivery of lipid-coated nanoparticles

The inhalation delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in lipid-coated nanoparticles (LNPs) to hamsters was evaluated to determine the feasibility for use in lung cancer chemotherapy. The inhaled dose, 30 mg LNPs/kg body weight (1.5 mg/kg 5-FU), was delivered over an 8-min interval. Fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-dextran) was included within the LNPs to provide an estimate of the particle concentration. The concentration of FITC-dextran and total 5-FU (released and LNP-associated) was determined as a function of time in the lung, trachea, larynx, esophagus, and serum. Concentrations of 5-FU and FITC-dextran were initially high in the trachea, larynx, and esophagus, and lower in the lung. Within 24 h, greater than 99% of the LNPs were cleared from the respiratory tract and total 5-FU concentrations mirrored the LNP concentration. An eight-compartment pharmacokinetic model was used to describe the observed trends in concentrations of LNPs and total 5-FU and to estimate the released 5-FU concentration in the above tissues. From this analysis, effective local targeting as well as sustained efficacious concentrations of 5-FU in the expected tumor sites were demonstrated.
Hit efficiency study of CMS prototype forward pixel detectors

In this paper the author describes the measurement of the hit efficiency of a prototype pixel device for the CMS forward pixel detector. These pixel detectors were FM type sensors with PSI46V1 chip readout. The data were taken with the 120 GeV proton beam at Fermilab during the period of December 2004 to February 2005. The detectors proved to be highly efficient (99.27 {+-} 0.02%). The inefficiency was primarily located near the corners of the individual pixels.
Separating the wheat from the chaff in Internet-mediated user feedback expectation-driven event monitoring

The Internet enables cheap, rapid, and large-scale distribution of software for evaluation purposes. It also presents hitherto unprecedented, and currently underutilized, opportunities for increasing user-developer communication in software development. For instance, the Internet can be used as a medium for collecting "direct" user feedback in the form of subjective user reports, as well as "indirect" feedback in the form of automatically-captured data about application and user behavior. Both of these practices, however, face a number of challenges that can be summarized in the following statement: there is more feedback to be collected -- ranging in quality from useful to useless -- than there is time and resources to sift through and act upon the meaningful parts. This paper describes an Internet-based approach for capturing user feedback -- both "direct" and "indirect" -- that attempts to address this problem by focusing feedback collection based on the notion of "usage expectations" in the development process.
The origin of certain nutritive substances in the eggs of hemiptera

Abstract 1. 1) The end chambers of the ovarial lobes in coreid Hemiptera contribute to the nutritive materials which are stored in the growing egg. 2. 2) Such nutritive materials are derived from nuclear DNA as well as cytoplasm. 3. 3) The processes involved include a breakdown of cell walls as well as an irregular fusion of nuclei and an extrusion of DNA in the form of droplets through the nuclear membrane. 4. 4) Before the flow of such materials reaches the egg, the contents of the droplets undergo considerable alteration and become Feulgen-negative. The changes involve the formation of polysaccharides and some depolymerization of DNA, but still further alterations probably take place.
The modifying influence of aging on behavior in mice neonatally injected with monosodium glutamate

Newborn mice were injected with monosodium glutamate (MSG), and behavioral testing and physical development in neonatal, juvenile, adult, and aged mice were observed by means of a battery of appropriate tests. Early exposure to MSG resulted in altered behavioral performances postnatally, which were transitory and reflected the neurotoxicity of the chemical. Although behavioral deficits were not observed in mice neonatally treated with MSG at 1 month of age, a definite decline was manifested at 12 months and 34 months of age.
A unified pole-zero module for linear transfer functions

Abstract A new module-theoretic tool is presented for the study of linear time-invariant input/output maps (‘transfer functions’). For suitable subrings 0 of the field k(s) of rational functions, an O-module called the structure module can be attached to each transfer function. This structure module naturally contains the classical (Kalman) pole module as a submodule which gives the (Wyman-Sain) multivariable zero module as the corresponding factor module. A posteriori the resulting exact sequence splits, and the structure module is isomorphic to the direct sum of the pole module and the zero module. Calculations over local rings echo valuation-theoretic results obtained by Kung and Kailath.
Closed chest permanent atrioventricular block in dogs

Ten mongrel dogs underwent transcutaneous His bundle ablation by means of pulsed synchronized electrical shocks delivered between an electrode catheter adjacent to the His bundle and a metal plate behind the dog's back. Detailed histologic studies were performed 3 months after induction of stable complete atrioventricular (AV) block in nine dogs. The ventricular response ranged from 35 to 51 beats/min (bpm). Graded increases in overdrive ventricular pacing resulted in graded increases in pacemaker suppression up to a paced cycle length of 450 msec. All dogs showed extensive damage to the approaches to the AV node, the AV node, and the penetrating portion of the common bundle. This technique resulted in complete AV block with typical features of an infranodal pacemaker and correlated with the histologic findings of severe damage to the AV junction. The minimal myocardial damage suggests that this technique may be applicable for control of drug refractory supraventricular arrhythmias in humans.
Evidence that ecdysteroids and methyl farnesoate control allometric growth and differentiation in a crustacean

Allometric, or disproportionate, growth of body parts is a basic problem in morphogenesis. Male spider crabs, Libinia emarginata, have several forms or morphotypes. During the terminal molt, the propodus enlarges disproportionately, exceeding the carapace length by as much as 35%. Even though shorter clawed males are reproductive, the large-clawed males become primary reproductives. We stimulated penultimate stage males to molt by eyestalk ablation, which removes molt inhibiting hormone (MIH) and mandibular organ inhibiting hormone (MIOH), and measured ecdysones by radioimmunoassay and methyl farnesoate (MF) in hemolymph by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using an internal standard. Eyestalk ablation accelerated molting and increased ecdysteroids to peak at 150 ng/ml before the molt. In control animals the ecdysteroids peaked at 90 ng/ml 3 days before the molt, with MF remaining less than 0.5 ng/ml. These became large males with large allometric claws. In contrast, the ablated ones, with increased MF (1 to 1.5 ng/ml), increased carapace size, but retained shorter non-allometric claws, with length shorter than the carapace. The results are consistent with experiments that we have performed with MF administration (Abdu et al., Biol. Bull., Woods Hole, MA 195 (1998) 112; Laufer et al., Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 111 (1998) 113; Laufer et al., in: IV Symp. Aquaculture in Central America: Focusing on Shrimp and Tilapia, (1997a), p. 161; Laufer et al., Invert. Reprod. Dev. 31 (1997b) 63) which led to the interpretation that ecdysteroids and low MF concentrations promote allometric growth, while ecdysones with relatively higher concentrations of MF inhibited allometric growth. These results indicate and support the conclusion that MF and ecdysteroids determine the control of morphogenesis in allometric growth of Crustacea.
Reduction of error introduced in the processing of coastal zone color scanner-type imagery resulting from sensor calibration and solar irradiance uncertainty

A combination of sensor calibration error and uncertainty in the solar irradiance can cause very large errors in the computations of the water radiance contribution to the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS)-measured radiances. This is especially true when the atmospheric correction algorithm is applied in a horizontally inhomogeneous atmosphere. These possible errors can be considerably reduced through spectral measurements of the aerosol optical thickness and upwelled subsurface radiances coincident with a CZCS overpass on a very clear day. For future instruments it is suggested that provision be made for the sensor to view solar irradiance in diffuse reflection. The analysis presented shows that with such a system the error is reduced to a level even below that which would be applicable if the solar irradiance were known precisely.
VGS compensation source follower for the LTPS TFT LCD data driver output buffer

Low Temperature Poly-Silicon (LTPS) TFT technology for LCD has been developed for a long time. Because of its higher mobility, scan driver and data driver could be fabricated on the glass panel to form a fully integrated display panel and reduce its cost. In this paper, new circuits for buffering the DAC in the data driver will be proposed. These circuits have the advantages of lower power and smaller area than the conventional ones. They all extend their full swing from 2 to 10 volts in 12 us and have 6-bit resolution at least. Furthermore, the circuits have no feedback system as the operational amplifier does, which is hard to design in the current LTPS technology.
Photochromic materials as radiation detectors

Abstract Mechanisms responsible for color changes in these crystals are discussed in terms of their use for detecting radiations.
Taking Liberty behind God's Back: Mastery as the Central Problem of Slavery

Slavery is universally condemned by scholars and politicians alike. However, by foregrounding the depredations suffered by slaves, scholarly and public condemnations of slavery elide the moral and political problems of mastery. This article revisits the problem of mastery in light of the writings of the novelist Edward P. Jones, the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, and the theologian St. Augustine. The article argues that mastery is a primary, and not a tangential, problem of slavery. The article further contends that theories about a slave's repudiation of mastery provide crucial conceptual and normative resources for diagnosing and combating the temptation of mastery within post-slavery liberal democracies.
From Ivory Tower to Town Hall Using Dialogic Inquiry as a Critical Pedagogy

This article explains how dialogic communication and critical pedagogy might work together to build educational practices that build a tradition of public discourse. After summarizing contemporary problems that separate the classroom from the community, the article positions Martin Buber's dialogue as a way to realize critical pedagogy. The article concludes by advocating that educators use a dialogical approach to pedagogy so that students understand their role in creating and sustaining a community that is mutually beneficial.
Dirac-Born-Infeld Action from Dirichlet Sigma Model

In a recent paper we discussed, among other things, the effect of duality transformations on the open bosonic string theory. Namely, we conjectured that a macroscopic object, the D-brane, effectively interacts with closed and open string modes in the low energy limit. This conjecture was supported by a string scattering amplitude calculation. In this letter we report on a σ-model calculation in the mixed Dirichlet-Neumann theory. We find an action of the Dirac-Born-Infeld type restricted to (26−k)-dimensions.
Coverage aspects of cooperative multi-hop line networks in composite fading environment.

We consider a cooperative multi-hop line network, where a group of nodes cooperatively transmits the same message to another group of nodes, and model the transmission from one group to another as a discrete-time quasi-stationary Markov process. We derive the transition probability matrix of the Markov chain by considering the wireless channel exhibiting composite shadowing-fading. The sum distribution of the received power by multiple relays is approximated by a single lognormal random variable (RV) by using the moment generating function (MGF)-based technique. This MGF-based technique uses Gauss-Hermite integration to present the sum distribution in closed form. We quantify the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) margin required to achieve a certain quality of service (QoS) under standard deviation of the shadowing. We also provide the optimal level of cooperation required for obtaining maximum coverage of a line network under a given QoS. Monte Carlo simulations are used to validate the analytical model.
Deformation mode map of irradiated 316 stainless steel in true stress–dose space

Abstract Microscopic and macroscopic deformation modes in type 316 stainless steels after low-temperature irradiation have been mapped into the true stress–dose coordinate system. This paper defines and explains the deformation modes in 316 and 316LN stainless steels and suggests the procedures to produce a deformation mode map. A variety of microstructural features such as dislocation tangles and pileups, dislocation channels, stacking faults, and twins have been observed in the deformation of irradiated stainless steels. Attempts were also made to depict macroscopic phenomena such as uniform deformation, necking, and final fracture in the map. Stress criteria for twinning, channeling, plastic instability, and final failure were proposed and used to establish boundaries between the different deformation modes. Two alternative strain localization mechanisms, twinning and channeling, shared the high-dose region. The region of stable plastic deformation became narrower as dose increased, while the elastic deformation region was enlarged with dose and the unstable deformation region was kept unchanged over the whole dose range.
THE LIVER AND THE ADRENAL ANDROGEN OF THE RAT1

IN PREVIOUS PAPERS (1,2) data have been presented demonstrating the andromimet-ic function of the castrate immature rat adrenal. Considerable evidence from other sources (3–7) indicates that the adrenals of the rat, mouse and man, under certain circumstances, produce androgenic substances. Several crystalline substances having androgenic potency have been isolated from bovine adrenals (8–10). In view of these findings it is of interest to know something concerning the nature of the andro-gen produced by the rat adrenal. Is it identical with the testicular androgen? Since chemical isolation is not practicable, an indirect approach to the problem has been used. The role of the liver in the metabolism of certain steroid hormones has been extensively studied. Evidence from numerous sources indicates that the liver inacti-vates estrogens both in vivo and in vitro (11–16). Androgens also have been shown to be inactivated by the liver (14,17, 18).
Diffusion-controlled growth of albite and pyroxene reaction rims

The growth rates of albite and pyroxene (enstatite + diopside + spinel) reaction rims were measured at 1000°C and ˜700 MPa and found to be parabolic indicating diffusion-controlled growth. The parabolic rate constants for the pyroxene (+ spinel) rims in samples with 0.5 wt% H2O added or initially vacuum dried at 25°C and 250°C are 1.68 ± 0.09, 0.54 ± 0.05 and 0.25 ± 0.06 μm2/h, respectively. The values for albite rim growth in samples initially dried at 60°C and with 0.1 wt% H2O added are 0.25 ± 0.04 and 0.33 ± 0.03 μm2/h, respectively. The latter values were used to derive the product of the grain boundary diffusion coefficient D′A, where A = SiO2, NaAlO2, or NaAlSi−1, and the grain boundary thickness δ in albite. The calculated D′SIO2δ in the albite aggregate for the situations of two different water contents are about 9.9 × 10−23 and 1.4 × 10−22 m3 s−1, respectively. Both the rate constants and the calculated D′Aδ demonstrate that the effect of water content on the grain boundary diffusion rate in monomineralic albite and polymineralic pyroxene (+ spinel) aggregates is small, consistent with recent studies of monomineralic enstatite and forsterite rims.
Influence of Cooking Method on Digestibility of Legume and Cereal Starches

The influence of processing on starch nutrition was evaluated. Cereal starches including wheat, normal corn and high amylose corn; legume starches including field pea, kidney bean and mung bean; and potato starch and glucose were evaluated as carbohydrate sources. Starches were fed raw, or cooked in a pressure kettle or autoclave, dried in a spray drier or freeze-drier, or simultaneously cooked and dried on a drum drier or by extrusion cooking. Except for potato and high amylose corn, cooking the starches provided no nutritional advantage, as evaluated by weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, or apparent protein digestibility. Spray-dried starches were less dense and appeared to influence growth by restricting food consumption.
Workstations; problems they solve and problems they create

Most of this article is dedicated to summarizing a one‐day symposium on workstations, sponsored by the Geophysical Society of Tulsa (GST) in March 1989. Although the session was structured around local companies and local issues, the discussion was more general than specific and often led to conclusions likely to be of interest to a large percentage of the SEG membership.
Prostacyclin production by vein grafts in the arterial circulation: A study in rats

Abstract The in vitro production of prostacyclin by vein grafts was measured using vascular rings followed by radioimmunoassay of the medium.The grafts were prepared by interposing a segment of epigastic vein in a gap in the ipsilateral femoral artery of the rat. Measurements made over a period of 1 to 42 days showed a progressive rise from venous levels (
Phospholipase Cγ activation and phosphoinositide hydrolysis are essential for embryonal development

A great variety of extracellular signals stimulate PLC activity, leading to PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolysis and activation of downstream effector systems. PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolysis is stimulated by activation of G protein-coupled receptors, receptors for hormones, growth factors, cytokines, antigens, and integrins, among others (1, 2). In mammals there are at least 10 genes that encode for PLC isoforms, and additional diversity in structure and function is generated by alternative RNA splicing. The 10 mammalian PLC isoforms can be classified into three groups called PLCβ, PLCγ, and PLCδ (3). There are four PLCβ, two PLCγ, and four PLCδ isoforms. All PLC isoforms contain a conserved catalytic domain, a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain in the amino terminus of the protein and additional regulatory sequences (Fig. 1). It has been shown that the PH domain of PLCδ binds with high affinity and specificity to PtdIns(4,5)P2 and to the head group Ins(1,4,5)P3 (4). On the basis of both biochemical and structural studies it …
A PRACTICAL SETTING FOR EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING ABOUT SUPPLY CHAINS: SIEMENS BRIEF CASE GAME SUPPLY CHAIN SIMULATOR

Siemens Brief Case Game Supply Chain Simulator provides a practical setting for experiential learning exercises about supply chains. The game, drawing upon an actual situation, models the jobs of nine supply chain activities required to transform an order placed by the customer into a delivered product. Using the detail and complexity of the game, instructors can develop learning exercises that focus on a wide range of supply chain management issues. This paper describes two learning exercises with different objectives and for different audiences that we successfully delivered using the Brief Case Game. One exercise provides a concrete example of typical activities in a supply chain and their interactions. The other exercise leads students to discover what creates a need for coordination, what activities in a supply chain require coordination, and what methods work well. These exercises are suited for small upper level undergraduate and graduate courses in logistics and supply chain management. While significant resources were used to develop exercises and deliver the game, students were enthusiastic about the approach and demonstrated that they learned about the complexity inherent in managing supply chains.
Optimizing data collection for public health decisions: a data mining approach

Collecting data can be cumbersome and expensive. Lack of relevant, accurate and timely data for research to inform policy may negatively impact public health. The aim of this study was to test if the careful removal of items from two community nutrition surveys guided by a data mining technique called feature selection, can (a) identify a reduced dataset, while (b) not damaging the signal inside that data. The Nutrition Environment Measures Surveys for stores (NEMS-S) and restaurants (NEMS-R) were completed on 885 retail food outlets in two counties in West Virginia between May and November of 2011. A reduced dataset was identified for each outlet type using feature selection. Coefficients from linear regression modeling were used to weight items in the reduced datasets. Weighted item values were summed with the error term to compute reduced item survey scores. Scores produced by the full survey were compared to the reduced item scores using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Feature selection identified 9 store and 16 restaurant survey items as significant predictors of the score produced from the full survey. The linear regression models built from the reduced feature sets had R2 values of 92% and 94% for restaurant and grocery store data, respectively. While there are many potentially important variables in any domain, the most useful set may only be a small subset. The use of feature selection in the initial phase of data collection to identify the most influential variables may be a useful tool to greatly reduce the amount of data needed thereby reducing cost.
Brief History of Adaptive Arrays

This paper relates a short history of adaptive arrays, starting with Paul Howells' invention of the side-lobe canceller for radar and communications. An attempt is made in a small way to historically relate this adaptive array development with the sonar problem, the adaptive equalizer, adaptive pattern recognition, etc. Finally some technical highlights of adaptive array theory are presented.
A survey of the use of ethnographic methods in the study of libraries and library users

Abstract A survey and analysis of the use of ethnographic methods in studies of libraries and library users identified a total of 81 studies. Five main types of ethnographic research methods were identified: observation, interviews, fieldwork, focus groups, and cultural probes. The survey shows a recent increase in the use of ethnographic methods in libraries, and identifies an emerging genre of studies associated with library planning that uses rapid ethnographic methods to investigate libraries and their users as part of planning processes. The survey supports comparison across ethnographic studies, settings, and methods; enables the growth of ethnographic methods as a research method in libraries; and provides material for library and information science curriculum development in this area. A bibliography of the studies used in the analysis is provided in Appendix A, and includes a number of gray literature reports and online publications.
Crystal structures of transition phases formed in U/16.60 at% Nb/5.64 at% Zr alloys

Abstract Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of γ-quenched and aged alloys of uranium with 16.60 at% (7.5 wt%) niobium and 5.64 at% (2.5 wt%) zirconium reveal two metastable transition phases whose structures are derived from small atom displacements from some of the sites occupied in the A2 γ structure. The phases appear to be identical with those previously reported as having chemically ordered structures in γ-quenched uranium-molybdenum and uranium-niobium alloys. The first transition structure, γs, is formed on γ quenching; it is cubic, space group I43m, with a unit cell parameter about twice that of the γ phase. It may be formally described as eight unit cells of the γ structure in which the body-centered atoms have moved in correlated 〈100〉 directions. On aging at 150 or 350 °C, these movements are further correlated along a particular [001] direction, producing the second transition structure, γ0; it is tetragonal, space group P4/nmm, with an atom arrangement similar to that reported for β-neptunium. No evidence was found to suggest significant chemical order in either transition structure.
The Trepobatinae (Gerridae) of New Guinea and surrounding regions, with a review of the World fauna. Part 5. Taxonomic and distributional addenda

The small waterstriders of the subfamily Trepobatinae have radiated extensively on New Guinea and surrounding archipelagos. The present contribution is the fifth in a series of reports dealing with this endemic fauna, and presents taxonomic and distributional addenda to our previous tribal level treatments. The following new species are described: Ciliometra setosa from southern Papua New Guinea, Ciliometra waigeo from Waigeo and Batanta Islands, Ciliometra minajerwi from southern Irian Jaya, Stygiobates iweka from southern Irian Jaya, Stygiobates mubi from southern Papua New Guinea, Stygiobates rajana from Waigeo and Gam Islands, Calyptobates kopi from southern Irian Jaya, and Calyptobates kamoro from southern Irian Jaya. The previously unknown male of Iobates somare Polhemus & Polhemus is also described, and new distribution records are provided for the following taxa based on recent collections in northern New Guinea and the Raja Ampat Islands: Iobates affinis (Esaki), Metrobatopsis flavonotatus Esaki, Stygiobates iriana Polhemus & Polhemus, Pseudohalobates inobonto Polhemus & Polhemus, Stenobates australicus Polhemus & Polhemus, Stenobates fakfak Polhemus & Polhemus, Stenobates kamojo Polhemus & Polhemus and Rheumatometroides sele Polhemus & Polhemus. New distribution records are also provided for the following species occurring outside the New Guinea region, based on recent collections in Southeast Asia: Calyptobates samarinda Polhemus & Polhemus from Sumba, and Naboandelus signatus Distant from southern Vietnam. Revised keys are presented for the New Guinea species of Ciliometra, Stygiobates, Iobates and Cryptobates, accompanied by updated distribution maps and illustrations of key characters.
BRAIN CONTROL OF NORMAL AND OVERACTIVE BLADDER

ABSTRACTPurpose: Bladder control problems are common but their cause is often unclear. Many investigators have sought causes in the lower urinary tract, but fewer in the supraspinal control system....
Fe−3s core-level splitting and local magnetism in Fe2VAl

X-ray and soft x-ray photoelectron spectra were taken on ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}\mathrm{VAl}$ samples. The $\mathrm{Fe}\ensuremath{-}3s$ spectra show a shoulder on the higher binding energy side of the main peak, split by $\ensuremath{\approx}4.7 \mathrm{eV}.$ Based on current understanding of core-level multiplet splitting in transition-metal compounds, we believe this is direct evidence of a local moment in ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}\mathrm{VAl}.$