cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BOARD LEVEL PARTITIONING FOR IMPROVED PARTIAL SCAN

We present a two phase board level partitioning scheme for improved partial scan on the resulting Integrated Circuits (ICs). The first phase clusters the nodes of the synchronous sequential PCB system into sets of bounded capacity. Each set represents an IC. The main objective function is to minimize the maximum number of inputs to a set. This considerably affects the test generation and response verification phases while testing the ICs. The second phase repositions the flip-flops so that we minimize the partial scan related hardware overhead for each IC, maintain a small sequential depth for all chips, and minimize the period of the global clock. We present an efficient iterative improvement heuristic for the partitioning problem of the first phase whose performance is tested on benchmarks. We also employ provably good algorithms for the second phase which result to reduced hardware overhead for partial scan. The proposed tool may also be applied to the system level partitioning problem where we partition the input circuit into Printed Circuit Boards or Multi-Chip Modules.
Pathology of silicone intraocular lenses in human eyes obtained postmortem

The increased use of phacoemulsification and small incision surgery has led to interest in a soft intraocular lens (IOL) for implantation after cataract extraction. We present the pathologic findings of seven eyes obtained postmortem from five patients with silicone IOLs. Length of implantation ranged from 6 weeks to 13 months. There was symmetric bag-bag fixation in all cases. Two IOLs had distorted and compressed polypropylene loops, resulting in decentration. The silicone IOL appeared to be well tolerated in all cases.
A phase-1 trial of bexarotene and denileukin diftitox in patients with relapsed or refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Denileukin diftitox, a genetically engineered fusion protein combining the enzymatically active domains of diphtheria toxin and the full-length sequence for interleukin-2 (IL-2), efficiently targets lymphoma cells expressing the high-affinity IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) consisting of the α/p55/CD25, β/p75/CD122, and γ/p64/CD132 chains. In vitro studies demonstrated that the retinoid X receptor (RXR) retinoid, bexarotene, at biologically relevant concentrations of 10–6M to 10–8 M, upregulated both the p55 and p75 subunits of the IL-2R and enhanced 5- to 10-fold the susceptibility of T-cell leukemia cells to denileukin diftitox. To determine whether this biomodulatory effect could be recapitulated in vivo, we treated 14 patients with relapsed or refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with escalating doses of bexarotene (75 mg/day-300 mg/day) and denileukin diftitox (18 mcg/kg per day × 3 days every 21 days) in a phase 1 trial. Overall response was 67% (4 complete responses, 4 partial responses). Modulation of IL-2R expression was observed at or above a bexarotene dose of 150 mg/day. Four patients experienced grade 2 or 3 leukopenia, and 2 had grade 4 lymphopenia. Our results demonstrate that the combination of denileukin diftitox and bexarotene is well tolerated and that even low doses (150 mg/day) of bexarotene are capable of in vivo upregulation of CD25 expression on circulating leukemia cells.
Effect of photoionization energy on the initial decay rate of the electron-cation recombination fluorescence from tryptophan and phenolate ion in polar glasses

Abstract Tryptophan and phenolate anion were photoionized in various polar glasses at 77 K. The initial decay rate of the isothermal fluorescence from electron—cation recombination increases with decreasing photoionization energy and probably with increasing matrix polarity. This indicates that the initial kinetic energy of the electrons produced reflects the photoionization energy and increases the average electron—cation separation distance.
Effect of TNF gene depletion on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice.

Abstract Background. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) is thought to act as a stimulator for initiating hepatocyte proliferation after partial hepatectomy (PH). At the same time, TNF induces a series of inflammatory responses that may be detrimental for the liver and other remote organs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of TNF on the pathophysiologic state after PH. Methods. Wild-type (TNF+/+) and TNF-deficient (TNF−/−) mice underwent 70% PH. Hepatocyte proliferation was assessed by bromodeoxyuridine labeling and mitotic index. Liver function was evaluated by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin levels in serum after PH. Myeloperoxidase activity in the liver and lung was measured as a marker for neutrophil activation. Results. No differences were observed in liver regeneration or hepatocyte proliferation between TNF+/+ and TNF−/− mice. The survival of TNF−/− mice on day 1 after PH was significantly higher than that of TNF+/+ mice, but both groups had similar survival thereafter. The ALT level was significantly higher in TNF+/+ mice 6 hours after PH and myeloperoxidase activities in both liver and lung were markedly elevated in TNF+/+ mice compared with TNF−/− mice. Conclusions. These findings demonstrate that TNF gene-depleted mice do not demonstrate delayed liver regeneration but do suppress neutrophil activation after PH compared with results in wild-type (TNF +/+) mice. (Surgery 2001;129:48-54.)
A new approach to detecting missing knowledge in expert system rule bases

Abstract Two of the most important and difficult tasks in building expert systems are knowledge acquisition (KA) and quality assurance (QA). QA involves verification and validation (VV focuses the search for meaningful deficiencies; integrates closely with checks for redundancy, conflicts and circularity; maximizes user-control over deficiency detection; and overcomes the combinatorial explosion traditionally associated with the deficiency check. The paper describes how COVER uses heuristics about the nature of likely deficiencies to improve its performance and clarify reporting of deficiencies to the user. COVER performance is analysed in detail, both theoretically and on real-world expert system knowledge bases.
On photoelectrocatalysis of hydrogen and oxygen evolution

Abstract In most previous treatments of photoelectrochemical kinetics, the focus of attention has been on the hole-electron pair formation by light, transport to the surface and various losses arising from hole-electron recombination. In surfaces of SiO x (2 > x > 0.8), the photoelectrochemical onset potential varies by ca 0.8 V. When the variation of the photoelectrochemical onset potential on metal-decorated p-type semiconductor is plotted against the exchange current density for the dark evolution of hydrogen a slope close to 2RT/F is found. For oxygen evolution on metal decorated n-type semiconductor, there is a dependence of the onset potential on the metal-oxygen bond strength in alkali but zero dependence in acid solution. Work-function dependences are present: there is no correlation with effects of hydrogen on the work-function. The formation of band-gap surface states, recombination and effects of the surface treatment upon work-function are compared with the data but found inconsistent with it. If it is assumed that the surface treatment and metal deposition have a strong effect on the charge-transfer rate constants, several correlations can be rationalized. Implications are drawn regarding the role to be played by electrocatalysis in photoelectrochemistry.
Case report of partial anodontia connected with missing and stunted phalanges of hands and feet

Abstract A case is presented of anodontia partialis with severely stunted hands and feet in a boy aged 15, without provable heredity.
Techniques for automatic tolerance control in linear programming

In this technical note, the numerical steps for the simplex method of linear programming are reviewed and the tolerances needed in the numerical procedure are defined. Objective criteria are given for accomplishing the numerical steps of the method and the calculation of necessary tolerances.
Response of dark respiration to temperature in Eriophorum vaginatum from a 30-year-old transplant experiment in Alaska

Background: In the Arctic region, temperature increases are expected to be greater under anticipated climate change than the global average. Understanding how dark respiration (Rd) of common Arctic plant species acclimates to changes in the environment is therefore important for predicting changes to the Arctic carbon balance. Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of genotype and growing environment on Rd, the temperature response (Q10) of Rd, and foliar N (Nleaf) of the Arctic sedge Eriophorum vaginatum. Methods: We measured Rd, and determined its Q10 and Nleaf of E. vaginatum populations that were reciprocally transplanted 30 years previously along a latitudinal transect of 370 km in northern Alaska. Results: Rd and Q10 did not differ among populations (ecotypes) of E. vaginatum, but the local environment had a significant effect on both variables. Rd as well as Nleaf was higher in northern, colder sites, while Q10 was lower there. Conclusions: Rd in the different populations of E....
Herpes zoster in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with weekly, low-dose methotrexate

Abstract purpose: Herpes zoster occurred in nine patients with methotrexate-treated rheumatoid arthritis. We compared these patients to a large group of methotrexate-treated rheumatoid arthritis patients in order to uncover potential factors explaining the occurrence of herpes zoster. patients and methods: Data from 187 patients taking methotrexate were reviewed and compared with data from another nine patients who developed herpes zoster while taking the drug for rheumatoid arthritis, all from the same university-based arthritis clinic. Literature pertinent to infection in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate is reviewed. results: Herpes zoster occurred in 14.5 cases per 1,000 patient-years in our methotrexatetreated rheumatoid arthritis patients, as compared with the general population incidence of 1.3 to 4.8 cases per 1,000 patient-years. The infection was unrelated to duration of methotrexate usage, prednisone treatment, or the co-existence of diabetes mellitus, but appeared to occur in patients with high titers of rheumatoid factor and an overall longer duration of rheumatoid arthritis. There were no cases of systemic dissemination or recurrence of herpes zoster despite 27.4 years cumulative follow-up on continued methotrexate therapy. conclusions: Herpes zoster may occur more frequently in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with low-dose methotrexate than in the general population. Herpes zoster in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate appears to be self-limited, benign, and statistically related to methotrexate use in the presence of longer-term rheumatoid disease.
Two-Well Test Method for Determining Hydraulic Properties of Aquifers

A steady-state test to determine the hydraulic properties of an aquifer is presented. The test uses an injection-extraction well-pair to establish a two-dimensional, steady-state flow field in the tested region. At least one observation well is needed to measure the hydraulic head within the flow field. Depending on the number of observation wells, a single-observation-well method or a distance-head method is used to analyze the head data. Two field examples demonstrate the potential application of the test. The field experiments were done at the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford site near Richland, Washington. The two-well test procedure described in this work provides a useful alternative for characterizing aquifers while deploying in situ ground-water remediation systems. One of the most attractive features of this test, especially at contaminated aquifers, is that there is no water to dispose. The test is simple and economical, and it also avoids several other limitations associated with typical pumping or slug tests.
Overproduction of histone H1 variants in vivo increases basal and induced activity of the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter

BALB/c 3T3 cell lines containing integrated copies of the MMTV promoter driving a reporter gene were constructed. Expression vectors in which either of two H1 variants, H10 or H1c, were under control of an inducible promoter were introduced into these lines. Surprisingly, overproduction of either variant resulted in a dramatic increase in basal and hormone-induced expression from the MMTV promoter. H1 overproduction also slowed the loss of MMTV promoter activity associated with prolonged hormone treatment. Transiently transfected MMTV reporter genes, which do not adopt a phased nucleosomal arrangement, do not display increased activity upon H1 overproduction. Thus the effects observed for stable constructs most likely represents a direct effect of H1 on a chromatin-mediated process specific to the nucleosomal structure of the integrated constructs. Induction of increased levels of acetylated core histones by treatment with trichostatin A also potentiated MMTV activity and this effect was additive to that caused by H1 overproduction. However, the effects of TSA treatment, in control or H1-overproducing cells, were eliminated by inhibiting protein synthesis. TSA treatment does not necessarily potentiate MMTV promoter activity by increasing core histone acetylation within the MMTV promoter but perhaps by altering the synthesis of an unlinked transcriptional regulator.
Modeling androgen receptor flexibility: a binding mode hypothesis of CYP17 inhibitors/antiandrogens for prostate cancer therapy.

Prostate Cancer (PCa), a leading cause of cancer death worldwide (www.cancer.gov), is a complex malignancy where a spectrum of targets leads to a diversity of PCa forms. A widely pursued therapeutic target is the Androgen Receptor (AR). As a Steroid Hormone Receptor, AR serves as activator of transcription upon binding to androgens and plays a central role in the development of PCa. AR is a structurally flexible protein, and conformational plasticity of residues in the binding-pocket is a key to its ability to accommodate ligands from various chemical classes. Besides direct modulation of AR activity by antagonists, inhibition of cytochrome CYP17 (17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase), essential in androgen biosynthesis, has widely been considered an effective strategy against PCa. Interestingly, Handratta et al. (2005) discovered new, potent inhibitors of CYP17 (C-17 steroid derivatives) with pure AR antagonistic properties. Although the antiandrogenic activity of their lead compound (VN/124-1) has been experimen...
Method for the determination of myosin head orientation from EPR spectra

The determination of the iodoacetamide spin label orientation in myosin heads (Fajer, 1994) allows us for the first time to determine directly protein orientation from EPR spectra. Computational simulations have been used to determine the sensitivity of EPR to both torsional and tilting motions of myosin heads. For rigor heads (no nucleotide), we can detect 0.2 degree changes in the tilt angle and 4 degrees in the torsion of the head. Sensitivity decreases with increasing head disorder, but even in the presence of +/- 30 degrees disorder as expected for detached heads, 10 degree changes in the center of the orientational distribution can be detected. We have combined these numerical simulations with a Simplex optimization to compare the orientation of intrinsic heads, with the orientation of labeled extrinsic heads that have been infused into unlabeled muscle fibers. The near identity (within 2 degrees) of the orientational distribution in the two instances can be attributed to myosin elasticity taking up the mechanical strain induced by the mismatch of myosin and actin filament periodicity. A similar analysis of the spectra of fibers with ADP bound to myosin revealed a small (approximately 5 degrees-10 degrees) torsional reorientation, without a substantial change of the tilt angle (
Force of Voluntary Exercise does not Affect Sensorimotor Cortex Activation as Detected by Functional MRI at 1.5 T

Echo-planar brain images (1.5 T, 1-shot GRE, TR/TE = 3000/45) were acquired during 30-60 s cycles of repetitive (1.3-1.7 Hz) finger flexion exercise against light (0.24) vs heavy (1.40 kg) weights. In protocols during which exercise was alternated with periods of rest, active voxels were identified in the contralateral motor and somatosensory areas by cross-correlation against an on-off waveform. However, there was no significant difference between the responses to light vs heavy weights. In a continuous repetitive exercise protocol, in which only the weights were cycled, no force-correlated voxels were identified. Inasmuch as force-correlated neurons are known to be present in the primate cortex, the results illustrate a potential limitation of functional MRI studies based on the BOLD effect.
Forest tree declines of past and present: current understanding

(1987). Forest tree declines of past and present: current understanding. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 349-360.
Influence of long-range interactions in one-dimensional statistical mechanical lattices

Abstract In this article we apply a generalization of the transfer matrix (TM) method in order to obtain a numerical solution to certain kinds of statistical mechanical problems in one dimension with long-range interactions. Normally, systems with long-range interactions cannot be handled directly using the traditional TM method, but eigenvalue equations for higher rank tensors provide a means of circumventing these difficulties. After first describing this simple generalization, we will apply the method to the case of a one-dimensional, vicinal silicon terrace edge with long-range strain fields, and show how the magnitude of the local potential due to straight edges is partially modified by distant, irregular configurations.
Determination of L-691,121, a new Class III antiarrhythmic, and its principal metabolite in plasma by differential radioimmunoassay

A sensitive and specific method based on radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been developed for the analysis of L-691,121, a new antiarrhythmic agent, and its major metabolite, L-692,199, in plasma. Two RIAs using immunogens and radioligands prepared from different derivatives of L-691,121 were used in conjunction to determine both parent compound and metabolite concentrations by solving simultaneous equations, since neither assay alone was adequately specific. Variable cross-reactivity factors were incorporated into the calculations to correct for non-parallel drug and metabolite displacement curves. The direct assay using 30 microliters of plasma is sensitive to 0.1 ng ml-1 and has sufficient precision, accuracy and specificity for the analysis of clinical samples.
The N-terminal Region of E2F-1 Is Required for Transcriptional Activation of a New Class of Target Promoter

Because of its expression in numerous cells, the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter (HSV-TK) is one of the best characterized promoters. Using the HSV-TK promoter as a model system, we have defined a new mode of E2F-1 transcriptional activation which utilizes the N-terminal region of E2F-1. We demonstrate that E2F-1 strongly activated HSV-TK, but in the absence of consensus E2F DNA elements. Nonetheless, E2F-1 could bind to GC-rich elements, which were conclusively identified in classic studies of HSV-TK as SP-1 sites. Second, the transcriptional activation of HSV-TK required the entire E2F-1 protein, including the N-terminal 89 amino acids. In contrast, the N-terminal 89 amino acids of E2F-1 were dispensable for transcriptional activation through consensus E2F sites. Third, we demonstrated that S phase entry is not sufficient for activation of HSV-TK by E2F-1, while the activation through consensus E2F sites is strictly linked to the cell cycle. Taken together, the activation of HSV-TK by E2F-1 proceeds by a different mechanism directed in part through the N-terminal region of E2F-1 and may be uncoupled from the known cell cycle regulatory role.
Single-Star HII Regions as a Probe of Massive Star Spectral Energy Distributions

The shape of the OB-star spectral energy distribution is a critical component in many diagnostics of the ISM and galaxy properties. We use single-star HII regions from the LMC to quantitatively examine the ionizing SEDs from widely available CoStar, TLUSTY, and WM-basic atmosphere grids. We evaluate the stellar atmosphere models by matching the emission-line spectra that they predict from CLOUDY photoionization simulations with those observed from the nebulae. The atmosphere models are able to reproduce the observed optical nebular line ratios, except at the highest energy transitions > 40 eV, assuming that the gas distribution is non-uniform. Overall we find that simulations using WM-basic produce the best agreement with the observed line ratios. The rate of ionizing photons produced by the model SEDs is consistent with the rate derived from the \Halpha\ luminosity for standard, log(g) = 4.0 models adopted from the atmosphere grids. However, there is a systematic offset between the rate of ionizing photons from different atmosphere models that is correlated with the relative hardness of the SEDs. In general WM-basic and TLUSTY atmosphere models predict similar effective temperatures, while CoStar predicts effective temperatures that are cooler by a few thousand degrees. We compare our effective temperatures, which depend on the nebular ionization balance, to conventional photospheric-based calibrations from the literature. We suggest that in the future, spectral type to effective temperature calibrations can be constructed from nebular data.
Sound speed and thermophysical properties of liquid iron and nickel

An electrical-pulse-heating technique has been used to heat iron and nickel to high temperatures to measure thermophysical properties in the liquid state. A dynamic technique was used because static techniques, which are capable of greater precision, fail at a relatively low temperature. Measurements have been made, and results are shown for enthalpy, temperature, density, electrical resistivity, and sound speed up to 3950 K in iron and 4250 K in nickel.
Mechanism of chemical carcinogenesis: an alternative hypothesis

Ultimate carcinogens are usually very reactive electrophilic species and therefore of transient existence in the cell. Both because of the biological reactivity and the inherent danger in their reaction with DNA, direct interaction with the latter is prevented, especially in higher mammalian cells, by various cell defence mechanisms and, lastly, by a nuclear membrane monitoring system. Hence, reaction of chemical carcinogen with nuclear DNA is possible only when the cell is overwhelmed leading to cell death, or following a temporary breach of the nuclear membrane control points, but the DNA damage in the latter is totally reparable. Both situations are therefore of no consequence to chemical carcinogenesis. Instead, the excess electrical charge created by the physical presence of the electrophilic carcinogens is hypothesized to predispose the cell to irreversible genetic changes like cellular oncogene activation, or uncontrolled cell proliferation common to cancerous cells. These effects would be catalyzed by a Na+-H+ exchange-mediated intracellular alkalinization resulting from the cell's attempt to restore electrical neutrality by elevating the Na(+)-pump activity, fuelled by an increased Na+/H+ antiport.
The imaginary counterpart of recorded motions

In this paper it is shown that any recorded motion has an imaginary counterpart. Starting from the harmonic input motion where the sine function is the imaginary counterpart of the cosine function, it is shown that all time histories exist in pairs. The imaginary counterpart of records is not needed when the response of a system is described by a real-parameter constitutive model. However, it is shown that when complex-parameter models are used, the imaginary counterpart of records has equal importance as the real-valued record and in this case the input motion should be strictly complex valued. The procedure to construct the imaginary counterpart of any piecewise continuous record is developed. A constructed complex-valued earthquake time history is used as input motion to a system described by a Kelvin model with complex damping constant. The validity of the procedure is demonstrated by comparing the response of the complex-damping Kelvin model against the results obtained from a mathematically equivalent real-valued formulation.
Premarital Sexual Intercourse: A Test of the Effects of Peer Group, Religiosity, and Sexual Guilt

Abstract Previous research findings have been inconsistent concerning the influence on a person's sexual behavior of the peer group's sexual behavior and approval. Therefore, in this paper the relative importance of one's closest, friends' sexual behavior, their perceived approval for engaging in premarital coitus. age, sex guilt, and conventional religiosity were examined. Respondents were 467 dormitory students from a large mid‐Atlantic university. Results of separate path analyses for men and women showed that the greater the number of close friends thought to be nonvirgins, the greater the likelihood the man was also nonvirgin. Anticipated approval from close friends was not associated with a man being a nonvirgin. For women, both the sexual behavior and the expected degree of approval from close friends was associated with a woman being a nonvirgin. For both sexes, sex guilt was negatively associated with being a nonvirgin, whereas the respondent's age and degree of conventional religiosity were not ...
Foundry maskshop operation strategy and management

To meet the ever-increasing demands from wafer fabs, a foundry maskshop is required to have an effective operation and management strategy so that its potential strengths are not diluted as it grows. Wafer foundry capacity increase could mean both increases in output capacity and the number of operation sites. In this paper, we will discuss the potential strengths of a foundry maskshop, strategy and management of it so as to embrace the challenges of the ever increasing demands from wafer foundry fabs in terms of technology, capacity and cycle time.
Bone-derived proteins

The diagnosis and treatment of metabolic bone disease has been limited by a lack of understanding of bone cell physiology and of suitable markers for various bone cell functions in different diseases. The identification of noncollagenous proteins and their measurement in serum has added to our knowledge. At this stage, of all the bone-derived proteins, bone Gla protein (BGP) is apparently the most useful, but it is best used in conjunction with other tests. The diagnostic usefulness of other noncollagenous proteins, procollagen, and local factors still remains to be documented.
Enumerative inequalities in integer programming

For a linear integer programming problem, thelocal information contained at an optimal solution\(\bar x\) of the continuous linear programming extension stems from the theory of L.P. solutions. This paper proposes the use ofenvironmental information (of a global nature but pertaining to the discrete vicinity of\(\bar x\)), in order to isolate the set of integer solutions which may be considered as true candidates for the optimum. The concept ofenumerative inequalities is introduced and it is shown how it can be obtained in the context of the convex outer-domain theory of Balas, Young, et al.
Oxygen-18 studies of the mechanism of pyrophosphoryl group transfer catalyzed by phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase.

Abstract The formation of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) and adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) from ribose 5-phosphate and adenosine 5′-triphosphate, catalyzed by purified PRPP synthetase from Salmonella typhimurium , was conducted in 18 O-enriched water. The products were isolated, and inorganic phosphate was isolated from AMP and the pyrophosphoryl moiety of PRPP. Oxygen-18 was incorporated into PRPP but not into AMP. These results indicate that PRPP synthesis proceeds with scission of a βPO bond of adenosine 5′-triphosphate. Oxygen-18 enters PRPP by prior exchange of H 2 18 O into ribose 5-phosphate; the rate of this exchange was measured by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl derivative of ribose 5-phosphate.
Impact of N-Acetylcysteine on Neonatal Cardiomyocyte Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are hypothesized to play a key role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury after cardiopulmonary bypass in children. Clinical studies in adults and several animal models suggest that myocardial IR injury involves cardiomyocyte apoptosis and necrosis. This study investigated a potential relationship between IR-induced ROS production and neonatal cardiomyocyte apoptosis using both in vitro and ex vivo techniques. For in vitro experiments, embryonic rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) showed a time-dependent increase in gp91phox (a marker for ROS production by NADPH oxidases), caspase-3 (a key mediator of apoptosis) expression, and a decrease in the glutathione redox ratio. N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 0.25–2 mM), a potent antioxidant, decreased gp91phox and caspase-3 expression, inhibited apoptosis and restored the glutathione redox ratio. For ex vivo study, IR injury significantly reduced left ventricular (LV) function and increased the expression of gp91phox and caspase-3 in Langendorff-perfused neonatal (7–14 d) rabbit hearts. NAC (0.4 mM) treatment completely attenuated LV dysfunction after IR. In summary, neonatal myocardial IR injury is associated with an increase in cardiomyocyte oxidative stress and apoptosis. NAC attenuates apoptosis in an in vitro embryonic rat cardiomyocyte model of HR, and myocardial dysfunction in an ex vivo neonatal rabbit model of myocardial IR injury.
Sensitive method for intraoperative roentgenograms

A new technique using mammography film has been developed. A portable x-ray machine and mammographic film has been used to obtain excellent intraoperative radiographs of renal calculi. The kidney is exposed through a flank incision. The film is cut to a size and shape that will permit an easy fit behind the kidney. Exposed film is developed in an automatic processor. This technique has facilitated location and removal of small calculi and faintly opaque calculi. Uric acid stones have been demonstrated in vitro. It is an inexpensive technique that requires no special equipment.
A robustly stable preliminary control systems design for the YF-16 CCV aircraft

A preliminary control system design for the YF-16 CCV aircraft in its longitudinal mode satisfying its flying qualities specifications is investigated. The design is shown to be robustly stable when the actuator model and the unstable pole in the airframe model of the aircraft are subjected to structured uncertainties. Very recent tools of robust stability analysis are utilized to accomplish this goal. >
Aging versus photoaging: postulated mechanisms and effectors.

The differences between intrinsic aging and photoaging are reviewed. The various model systems currently employed for the studies of aging and photoaging are discussed. Findings on age associated decrements in receptor/ligand mediated signaling as well as changes during cellular senescence in the expression of nuclear transcription factors are described. The role of telomere shortening and oxidative damage in the aging process is explained. At the cellular level, genetic and behavioral differences between aging and photoaging are illustrated with particular emphasis on changes in the structure and function of the tumor suppressor gene pS3. Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings 3:47-51, 1998
Programming languages in a liberal arts education

Liberal arts curricula emphasize breadth of a student's educational experience, critical reasoning, and intellectual discourse to a greater degree than pre-professional training or engineering programs. This substantially impacts how the topic of programming languages (and computer science in general) is taught. We highlight some key aspects of teaching programming languages in a liberal arts program, and we discuss why we believe this approach prepares students for problems they will encounter throughout their careers.
Calcified splenic metastasis from gastric carcinoma

Isolated splenic metastases are uncommon. We report CT and MRI features of an isolated, large, calcified splenic metastasis from a primary adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Presence of a calcified splenic mass with a known primary malignancy of mucinous nature should suggest the diagnosis of splenic metastasis even if it occurs in isolation.
Bootstrap Standard Error Estimates for Linear Regression

Standard errors of parameter estimates are widely used in empirical work. The bootstrap often can provide a convenient means of estimating standard errors. The conditions under which bootstrap standard error estimates are theoretically justified have not received much attention, however. This article establishes conditions for the consistency of the moving blocks bootstrap estimators of the variance of the least squares estimator in linear dynamic models with dependent data. We discuss several applications of this result, in particular, the use of bootstrap standard error estimates for bootstrapping Studentized statistics. A simulation study shows that inference based on bootstrap standard error estimates may be considerably more accurate in small samples than inference based on closed-form asymptotic estimates.
Correspondence-Principle Condition on the Reissner-Nordström Solution for Charged Leptons

Current experimental evidence supports the picture of three charged leptons (e±,μ±,τ±), a triplet with mass splitting that bears a resemblance to the Gell-Mann-Okubo form. To elucidate the overall mass scale, a charged lepton is viewed as a mass point that engenders a local Reissner-Nordstrom spacetime geometry, and the Einstein-Maxwell action is evaluated through an invariant space-time region associated with the particle's radiation reaction interval 2e2/3m. What emerge for the electron, muon, and tau are values of the Einstein-Maxwell action in the neighborhood ofħ. The mean value of the three action integrals is Ā=(140.93)e2=(1.0284)ħ, and thus the apparent quantum conditionĀ∼ħ sets the mass scale for the three charged leptons.
Inverted anterior chamber intraocular lens placement: Complications, management, and outcomes

Five patients presented to 3 university eye clinics with complaints of blurred vision in their pseudophakic eye after complicated intraocular surgery and were found to have reverse orientation of an AC IOL. Intraocular complications included posterior vaulting of the iris in all the patients, severely decreased vision in 4 patients, corneal edema in 3 patients, and cystoid macular edema in 1 patient. Penetrating keratoplasty was performed in patients with severe corneal edema, but the visual outcome was limited. Despite advancements in cataract surgery techniques and outcomes, there is a need for AC IOL implantation at times. However, infrequent use by ophthalmologists may lead to improper insertion. Physician awareness of proper AC IOL insertion can prevent vision-threatening complications and the need for additional surgery. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Cyclopropane Compatibility with Oxidative Carbocation Formation: Total Synthesis of Clavosolide A

Cyclopropane-substituted allylic ethers react with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone to form oxocarbenium ions with no competitive ring cleavage. This reaction can be used for the preparation of cyclopropane-substituted tetrahydropyrans. The protocol was used as a key step in the total synthesis of the sponge-derived macrolide clavosolide A.
An Energy Based Fatigue Life Prediction Framework for In-Service Structural Components

An energy based fatigue life prediction framework has been developed for calculation of remaining fatigue life of in service gas turbine materials. The purpose of the life prediction framework is to account aging effect caused by cyclic loadings on fatigue strength of gas turbine engines structural components which are usually designed for very long life. Previous studies indicate the total strain energy dissipated during a monotonic fracture process and a cyclic process is a material property that can be determined by measuring the area underneath the monotonic true stress-strain curve and the sum of the area within each hysteresis loop in the cyclic process, respectively. The energy-based fatigue life prediction framework consists of the following entities: (1) development of a testing procedure to achieve plastic energy dissipation per life cycle and (2) incorporation of an energy-based fatigue life calculation scheme to determine the remaining fatigue life of in-service gas turbine materials. The accuracy of the remaining fatigue life prediction method was verified by comparison between model approximation and experimental results of Aluminum 6061-T6. The comparison shows promising agreement, thus validating the capability of the framework to produce accurate fatigue life prediction.
Transfer zones in the southern Rio Grande rift

Despite recent interest in transfer zones in regions of continental extension, their detailed geometry and kinematics remain unclear. Four late Palaeogene and Neogene transfer zones within the southern Rio Grande rift, USA, are described, based on geological mapping at the scale of 1:24 000 and analysis of synrift stratigraphy. The Cutter Sag transfer zone is located between the overlapping tips of north-trending, west-dipping faults, and is characterized by a north-dipping structural ramp segmented by closely spaced, NE-trending normal faults. Similarly, the West Potrillo transfer zone occupies a position in the zone of overlap of north-trending, west-dipping faults, but the structural details of the transfer zone are largely hidden beneath Quaternary lava flows. However, isolated bedrock exposures outside the lava field, gravity data, and the alignment of cinder cones suggest that the West Potrillo transfer zone is a NW-dipping synclinal ramp cut by NE-trending fractures and/or faults. Positioned between north-trending, overlapping border faults that dip toward each other, the Cedar Hills transfer zone is a broad, north-trending arch whose summit collapsed into a graben along a series of north-trending normal faults. The Rincon transfer zone separates border faults that do not overlap and has a long history of faulting and sedimentation beginning in latest Oligocene and extending into the Quaternary. With the possible exception of reactivated early Tertiary compressional structures in the Rincon transfer zone, the transfer zones described here do not appear to be influenced by pre-rift zones of weakness. However, the Cutter Sag and West Potrillo transfer zones are preferred sites of basaltic volcanism, and the Cutter Sag.- Rincon, and Cedar Hill transfer zones influenced the location of the Plio-Pleistocene ancestral Rio Grande.
Radar response to vegetation II: 8-18 GHz band

The results of experimental studies on the backscattering properties of corn, milo, soybeans, and alfalfa are presented. The measurements were made during the summer of 1973 over the 8-18 GHz frequency band. The data indicate that soil moisture estimation is best accomplished at incidence angles near nadir with lower frequencies while crop discrimination is best accomplished using two frequencies at incidence angles ranging from 30\deg to 65\deg . It is also shown that temporal plant morphology variations can cause extreme variations in the values of the scattering coefficients. These morphological changes can be caused by growth, heavy rain, and in the case of alfalfa, harvesting.
ID model construction and validation: a multiple intelligences case

This is a report of a developmental research study that aimed to construct and validate an instructional design (ID) model that incorporates the theory and practice of multiple intelligences (MI). The study consisted of three phases. In phase one, the theoretical foundations of multiple Intelligences and ID were examined to guide the development of such model. In phase two the model components were determined and an initial model was constructed. In phase three, the model was reviewed and validated by experts in the field of ID through a three-round Delphi study. The result was a revised and validated Multiple Intelligences Design Model. This paper presents the decision-making processes and procedures used in model development, and provides a frame- work for the internal validation of ID models using expert review procedures.
Optics at marshall space flight center.

The aim and direction of the Marshall Space Flight Center’s (MSFC) programs of research in optics has been to produce the technology base and to gain the knowledge prerequisite to the support of launch vehicle development. MSFC conducts and sponsors in industry research leading to the development of new or improved optical system components, including lenses, filters, laser sources, detectors, modulators, imaging devices, and beam scanners. Much of this effort is directed primarily toward assuring that such components will survive and perform adequately in the hostile environment created by a large space booster. This research involves the development techniques for the effective utilization of optical instrumentation in measuring systems, and the extension of fundamental principles and processes developed in the field of optics to other areas of research. The current direction of the MSFC program in optics is toward development of optical systems for use in space and integrating such systems into space vehicles as principal payloads. The Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) is our major program in this area, but efforts are already under way to establish the base technology to support larger, more versatile, more universal optical facilities for flight-borne space science research.
Prediction of Ratings of Lifting Difficulty from Individual and Task Variables

Subjects (6 male, 6 female) lifted and lowered boxes at eight variations of location and direction. For each of the eight, there were three weights (5, 10, and 15 kg for males, 5, 7.5, and 10 for females), three volumes (150, 225, and 300 mm cubes), and two techniques (bend and squat); 144 conditions in all. Subjects rated difficulty using a 7-point scale (1 = prepared to do continuously, 3 = 1110 min for 8 hr, 5 = 1/120 min for 8 hr, 7 = refuse to do).For the same weight, females rated tasks more difficult than males. In addition, for each additional kg of weight, the female rating increased 0.44 versus 0.14 for males. The effect of volume was significant for females but not males. Lowering was 3% easier than lifting. Bending was 2% easier than squatting. Isometric back muscle strength is a good index of the maximum weight a person will lift (r = 0.84; rating standard error = 0.4).
Applications of chromatin immunoprecipitation‐based epigenomic tools in nutritional studies

Recent studies support an important role of epigenetic variations in linking early nutritional involvement to adult susceptibility to disease. The details of molecular pathways associated with this susceptibility later in life are not clear. Current applications of epigenomics tools, such as chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-based approaches, in the studies of both DNA-binding factors and histone modifications have produced comprehensive and intriguing results. This rapid development of ChIP-based technologies makes it possible to examine diet-related epigenetic alterations on a genome-wide scale. From both human epidemiologic data and mouse models, increasing evidence shows a strong relationship between early nutritional stimuli and chronic diseases in adulthood, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cancer.1–3 Early nutritional perturbation can influence the epigenetic status of the genome and lead to later changes in phenotype.4,5 Therefore, epigenetic variations, which might be modified by differential dietary intake, comprise the potential mechanistic link between early nutritional perturbation and adult susceptibility to certain diseases. The word “epigenetics” was originally coined to categorize those phenomena that could not be explained by genetic principles.6 Currently, epigenetics is defined as the study of those phenomena that can change gene expression and cell phenotype without altering the genotype, i.e., the DNA sequence.7,8 The link between epigenetics and nutrition may become clearer if epigenetics is viewed in the context of the three layers of regulatory networks (Figure 1). In this model, the core layer is the DNA sequence, which contains protein-coding genes, regulatory units, and even some non-coding elements of unknown functions. The genetic information in all cells of one organism is the same, and therefore the differential expression of cells has to be based on more adjustable systems. The outer layer of the regulatory network includes various signal transduction pathways and other metabolic …
p53 transactivation through various p53-responsive elements

p53 is a nuclear phosphoprotein whose function is classified as tumor suppression. Studies have shown that p53 functions by binding to p53 DNA recognition sequences and regulates transcription of growth-regulatory genes. Various p53 recognition sequences have recently been identified. pOST2 contained two copies of a palindromic high-affinity DNA-binding sequence for p53; the other p53 recognition sequences included p53-binding fragments found in the human ribosomal gene cluster (pRGC) region and in the murine muscle creatine kinase promoter (pMCK). The purpose of this study was to compare the abilities of various p53 recognition sequences to mediate transcription in the presence of endogenously produced wild-type (wt) or mutant p53. Three p53-responsive chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter constructs (pOST2, pRGC, and pMCK) that contain one or two copies of p53 recognition sequences upstream of a herpes thymidine kinase (TK) promoter and CAT reporter cDNA were constructed. Either a p53-responsive gene or a control reporter gene was transfected into human carcinoma cell lines (having various p53 mutations) either with or without a wt or mutant p53 expression vector. CAT activity was assayed to measure transactivation through the various p53-responsive elements. We showed that pOST2 had a greater ability to mediate transactivation by p53 than either pRGC or pMCK. p53 with a mutation at either codon 175 or 248 was unable to transactivate a reporter gene with pOST2, pRGC, or pMCK. We found it interesting that pOST2, but not pRGC or pMCK, was able to mediate transactivation in cell lines that produce codon 273-mutant p53. These findings suggest that various sensitivities of the different p53-responsive elements to specific mutant and wt p53s may be an important factor in the role of p53 as a transcriptional activator both under normal physiological conditions and during carcinogenesis.
Institutional Collecting of Twentieth-Century Literature

In 1971 I wrote an article for American Libraries, “An Approach to Special Collections,”1 about my experiences in forming a collection of twentieth-century American and English literature at Washington University in St. Louis. I continued to think about the materials appropriate for inclusion in an author collection in the position to which I was appointed in 1972, Chief of the Rare Book and Special Collections Division of the Library of Congress. By 1987 my conception of the kind of author collection useful for present-day scholarship had changed as the result of reading Fredson Bowers and G. Thomas Tanselle (in particular . . .