cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preparing for Virtual Student Teaching: a Presence + Experience Design Case.

As online classrooms become more commonplace in K-12 education, teacher education programs seek to better prepare candidates for these contexts and are considering ways to address this additional preparation within their curricula. This article presents a design case of a 2-credit, 10-day, online course that was created to prepare 237 pre-service teachers for student teaching in online environments during the Fall 2020 semester. The Presence + Experience framework guided the design process in this case as designers sought to build a community of online learners within a highly experiential learning environment. This article details the design process with this framework along with its challenges, designers’ experiences, and the resulting product.
A Deep Learning Perspective on Connected Automated Vehicle (CAV) Cybersecurity and Threat Intelligence.

The automation and connectivity of CAV inherit most of the cyber-physical vulnerabilities of incumbent technologies such as evolving network architectures, wireless communications, and AI-based automation. This book chapter entails the cyber-physical vulnerabilities and risks that originated in IT, OT, and the physical domains of the CAV ecosystem, eclectic threat landscapes, and threat intelligence. To deal with the security threats in high-speed, high dimensional, multimodal data and assets from eccentric stakeholders of the CAV ecosystem, this chapter presents and analyzes some of the state of art deep learning-based threat intelligence for attack detection. The frontiers in deep learning, namely Meta-Learning and Federated Learning, along with their challenges have been included in the chapter. We have proposed, trained, and tested the deep CNN-LSTM architecture for CAV threat intelligence; assessed and compared the performance of the proposed model against other deep learning algorithms such as DNN, CNN, LSTM. Our results indicate the superiority of the proposed model although DNN and 1d-CNN also achieved more than 99% of accuracy, precision, recall, f1-score, and AUC on the CAV-KDD dataset. The good performance of deep CNN-LSTM comes with the increased model complexity and cumbersome hyperparameters tuning. Still, there are open challenges on deep learning adoption in the CAV cybersecurity paradigm due to lack of properly developed protocols and policies, poorly defined privileges between stakeholders, costlier training, adversarial threats to the model, and poor generalizability of the model under out of data distributions.
On The Ingredients of an Effective Zero-shot Semantic Parser

Semantic parsers map natural language utterances into meaning representations (e.g., programs). Such models are typically bottlenecked by the paucity of training data due to the required laborious annotation efforts. Recent studies have performed zero-shot learning by synthesizing training examples of canonical utterances and programs from a grammar, and further paraphrasing these utterances to improve linguistic diversity. However, such synthetic examples cannot fully capture patterns in real data. In this paper we analyze zero-shot parsers through the lenses of the language and logical gaps (Herzig and Berant, 2019), which quantify the discrepancy of language and programmatic patterns between the canonical examples and real-world user-issued ones. We propose bridging these gaps using improved grammars, stronger paraphrasers, and efficient learning methods using canonical examples that most likely reflect real user intents. Our model achieves strong performance on two semantic parsing benchmarks (Scholar, Geo) with zero labeled data.
The Pricing of Accruals Quality: January versus the Rest of the Year

ABSTRACT: As an alternative way to shed light on the debate over whether accruals quality is a priced risk factor, we examine the effect of seasonality on the pricing of the modified Dechow and Dichev (2002) accruals quality measure (AQ). We find that (1) high AQ stocks outperform low AQ stocks only in January; (2) during the rest of the calendar year, high AQ firms underperform low AQ firms such that there is no AQ premium on an annual basis; (3) about half of the January AQ premium occurs during the first five trading days of January; (4) a January AQ premium is observed in almost every year of our sample period; and (5) the January AQ premium reflects, at least partly, the stock price effects of tax loss selling around the turn of the year. Taken together, these findings are difficult to reconcile with a risk interpretation of accruals quality.
The times are changing: resetting CSDP and European Defence

La Politica Comun de Seguridad y Defensa (PCSD) de la Union no ha supuesto un cambio fundamental en la defensa europea que sus artifices esperaban. No podria ser de otra manera, dada la naturaleza de la Union y las diferentes prioridades estrategicas de sus miembros. Tiene una finalidad, sin embargo, como instrumento de gestion de crisis para tareas de seguridad limitadas y puede actuar como plataforma de solidaridad en apoyo de operaciones dirigidas por Estados Miembros, como en Sahel. Europa se enfrenta a un momento estrategico, ante el pivot de Estados Unidos a Asia y el consiguiente replanteamiento de politicas por Estados Miembros clave. El viejo objetivo de una Defensa Europea independiente no se va a realizar a corto plazo, dada la crisis de defensa en Europa, que podria hacer inalcanzables incluso objetivos de autonomia estrategica limitada. Es necesaria una perspectiva mas flexible y realista, que busque establecer coherencia entre los distintos marcos de cooperacion en Europa (OTAN, UE, acuerdos bilaterales o trilaterales, etc.), sobre la base de una mayor convergencia estrategica . Recibido : 30 enero 2014 Aceptado : 12 febrero 2014 Publicacion en linea : 15 abril 2016
Smart Hydrogel Materials

“Smart” hydrogel materials constitute a new and emerging category of multifunctional materials with unique characteristics. These hydrogels are based on hydrophilic polymeric networks integrating bio/chemical recognition elements, which are able to identify specifically a selected biochemical agent. Their mechanism of response, most commonly based on the formation of physical interactions in the bulk of their polymeric network, translates the recognition of the specific analyte into controlled phase transitions of the material. These controlled phase transitions can be utilized in a series of real-life applications, like in bioanalysis and medical diagnostics for the development of biosensors and high-throughput analysis systems. In this chapter, we discuss some examples of smart hydrogel materials that are based on synthetic and natural recognition elements, and that are selective for a variety of analytes, including ions, carbohydrates, drugs, and proteins. Keywords: smart materials; hydrogels; analyte responsive; controlled phase transitions; biosensors; high-throughput screening
Classification of distorted text and speech using projection pursuit features

Information to be exchanged between two parties needs compression for achieving its efficient transmission. Encoded information gets distorted during its transmission over a channel due to noise. For monitoring and analysis of such noisy traffic of an adversary over communication networks, it is required to find the type of information, whether it is text or speech, then to restore it for further interpretation. Identification of text and speech helps to take preventive measure to avoid plain communication of sensitive information. In this paper, we consider a minimum distance criterion based pattern classification technique to classify distorted (noisy) encoded text and speech using multidimensional feature vectors and their projection pursuits obtained through Sammon's and Chang's algorithms. Feature extraction technique computes longest runs of one's in blocks of bit-stream of noisy text and speech data. The classification results show that the highly noisy text and speech could be classified with almost 100% success using Chang's projection pursuit technique.
Laminations from the Palmer Deep: A diatom‐based interpretation

[1] Highly laminated, Holocene age, diatomaceous sediments are characteristic of the Palmer Deep, western Antarctic Peninsula (Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 178, Site 1098). From ∼10,000 years B.P. to the present, laminations are comprised of several groups of diatoms. Chaetoceros resting spores, the dominant laminae former, result from intense spring blooms. Rhizosolenia, Proboscia, Thalassiothrix, and Corethron are common also, the consequence of summer production marked by a well-stratified water column. Each lamination represents a single productivity event, but laminations are not necessarily annual. High concentrations of a subpolar form of Eucampia antarctica, in laminations between ∼9000 and 6700 years B.P., suggest early Holocene warmth, a consequence of southward intrusion of more subpolar waters. The glacial-interglacial transition is distinguished by pairs of laminae most likely deposited annually. Laminations with an overwhelming dominance of Chaetoceros resting spores alternate with more “terrigenous” laminae, representing alternation of intense spring blooms, with more mixed deposition during the summer. Proximity to retreating glacial ice results in the supply of silt and sand that provides a marker bed between successive blooms.
Investigation of vibrational modes of SiO2 and LaBGeO5 using a frequency-tunable terahertz source

Abstract We have investigated and compared vibrational modes of SiO2 and LaBGeO5 in the glass and crystalline phases based on terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. This is made possible by frequency-tuning a THz source developed by us recently. The THz absorption spectra are significantly different between the two phases of the same composition. In particular, we have identified the transition peak at 78.0 μm for the SiO2 crystal (i.e. quartz). Moreover, we have observed an evidence for a boson peak in the spectrum for LaBGeO5 glass.
Patient Safety Strategies: A Call for Physician Leadership

In the supplement on patient safety that accompanies this issue, an expert panel has rated the strength of evidence for each safety strategy and recommended 10 patient safety strategies that should...
Multiple stochastic integrals with dependent integrators

Abstract Let μ be a σ-finite measure, R = ( r ij ) be a covariance matrix, and B 1 ,…, B n be dependent Gaussian measures satisfying EB i (A 1 ) B j (A 2 ) = r ij μ(A 1 ⌢ A 2 ) . Multiple integrals of the form I n ( f ) = ∫ f ( x 1 ,…, x n ) dB 1 ( x 1 ) … dB n ( x n ), with f ∈ L 2 ( μ n ) are investigated. A diagram formula is established and a class of functions which play the role of the Hermite polynomials for these more general integrals is introduced. Cumulants of double integrals are evaluated and the following result is established: if { X j } and { Y j } are correlated stationary sequences of strongly dependent Gaussian random variables, then Σ j =1 [ Nt ] X j Y j , adequately normalized, converges in D [0, 1] to I 2 ( f i ).
Cloning and chromosomal mapping of a human immunodeficiency virus 1 "TATA" element modulatory factor.

Abstract A critical regulatory element in many promoters transcribed by RNA polymerase II is the "TATA" box, which is located 25-30 nucleotides upstream of the transcription initiation site. TFIID is a biochemically defined HeLa cell nuclear fraction containing a transcription factor activity that binds specifically to the TATA box and is critical in determining both basal and regulated promoter activity. Recently, the gene for a TATA-binding protein was cloned and found to bind to various TATA elements and to substitute for TFIID in stimulating basal gene expression in in vitro transcription systems. However, it is possible that additional cellular factors can bind to the TATA element and influence the level of gene expression. By using lambda gt11 expression cloning with oligonucleotides corresponding to the human immunodeficiency virus 1 TATA element, we report the identification of a cellular protein with a calculated molecular mass of 123 kDa that we designate TATA element modulatory factor (TMF). TMF binds to the human immunodeficiency virus 1 TATA element in gel-retardation assays and inhibits activation of the viral long terminal repeat by the TATA-binding protein in in vitro transcription assays. TMF contains leucine-zipper amino acid motifs and exhibits homology in its DNA binding domain with the phage-encoded DNA binding protein Ner. Chromosomal mapping localizes the TMF gene to human chromosome 3p12-p21, which is a site of frequent rearrangements in lung and renal carcinomas. Thus, TMF is a transcription factor that likely regulates the expression of both viral and cellular genes.
Improvised Vocal Ornamentation and German Baroque Compositional Theory—An Approach to ‘Historical’ Performance Practice

(1991). Improvised Vocal Ornamentation and German Baroque Compositional Theory—An Approach to ‘Historical’ Performance Practice. Journal of the Royal Musical Association: Vol. 116, No. 1, pp. 41-62.
Coordination of ATP production and consumption in brain: parallel regulation of cytochrome oxidase and Na+, K(+)-ATPase.

Abstract Previous studies have shown that most neuronal ATP is produced by oxidative metabolism, and consumed by Na + , K + -ATPase. We hypothesized that the distribution of Na + , K + -ATPase in brain would correlate with that of the energy-producing enzyme, cytochrome oxidase (CO). We localized these enzymes in monkey hippocampus and striate cortex by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Their distributions were generally similar, although some differences were observed. We also studied regulation of enzyme levels, using monocular impulse blockage with tetrodotoxin (TTX) to alter neuronal activity in the visual system. Parallel changes in CO and Na + , K + -ATPase activity were induced in striate cortex. These results provide further evidence that neuronal energy demands regulate CO levels and distribution.
Gene Delivery in Tissue Engineering: A Photopolymer Platform to Coencapsulate Cells and Plasmid DNA

Purpose. Toward the ultimate goal of developing an engineered tissue capable of mimicking complex natural healing processes, we have designed a photopolymer platform that enables simultaneous encapsulation of cells and plasmid DNA in degradable hydrogels. Photopolymerization enables spatial and temporal control of gel formation under physiological conditions, but the presence of photoinitiator radicals poses challenges for DNA photoencapsulation.
Big changes to a small bay: introduced species and long-term compositional shifts to the fouling community of Morro Bay (CA)

Invasive species are cited as being a threat to communities and ecosystems worldwide, yet few studies have demonstrated invader impacts at these scales. Lack of historic data makes capturing large-scale community shifts problematic. We assessed long-term changes in invertebrate composition to the fouling community of a small estuary with relatively little boat traffic and no ballast water input (Morro Bay, CA). We also compared relative invasiveness of Morro Bay to international harbors (San Francisco Bay and Los Angeles/San Diego harbors). While the proportion of introduced species has not significantly changed from historic records, introduced species now occupy 86.00 % of the primary substrate. Other community shifts include; (1) a state shift to an invasive bryozoan (Watersipora subtorquata) dominated community, (2) a decrease in Mollusc richness and, (3) substantial shifts in abundance of certain species. Compared to larger more actively used harbors, Morro Bay has proportionally fewer introduced species (12.00 %) than San Francisco Bay (50.79 %) or Los Angeles/San Diego Harbors (26.23 %). Our study documents changes to a small relatively isolated estuary with little boat traffic and no ballast water input. We discuss the potential role of invasive species and other natural and anthropogenic factors as drivers of these community wide shifts. Specifically, we discuss how reintroduction of the Southern Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris nereis), an increase in sea stars (Pisaster spp.), climate change and interaction amongst potential drivers support the patterns of shifts in the Morro Bay community.
A test of the projection accuracy of the status group dynamics approach to recreation demand

Abstract This paper tests the accuracy of outdoor recreation demand projections made from 1970–1975 data to 1980, using the status group dynamics approach to recreation demand analysis. In most cases, the projections accurately predicted the direction of participation rate trends. For the most part, projections based on the status group dynamics approach were more accurate than projections based on other standard prediction methods (straight line projection of participation rate trends and the assumption of stable participation rates). Analysis of the systematic projection errors suggested a variety of ways in which the assumptions and hypotheses in the prediction model might be refined to improve predictions for use in recreation resource planning, management, and policy analysis.
Pseudoachondroplasia/COMP — translating from the bench to the bedside

Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) is a skeletal dysplasia characterized by disproportionate short stature, small hands and feet, abnormal joints and early onset osteoarthritis. PSACH is caused by mutations in thrombospondin-5 (TSP-5, also known as cartilage oligomeric matrix protein or COMP), a pentameric extracellular matrix protein primarily expressed in chondrocytes and musculoskeletal tissues. The thrombospondin gene family is composed of matricellular proteins that associate with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and regulate processes in the matrix. Mutations in COMP interfere with calcium-binding, protein conformation and export to the extracellular matrix, resulting in inappropriate intracellular COMP retention. This accumulation of misfolded protein is cytotoxic and triggers premature death of chondrocytes during linear bone growth, leading to shortened long bones. Both in vitro and in vivo models have been employed to study the molecular processes underlying development of the PSACH pathology. Here, we compare the strengths and weaknesses of current mouse models of PSACH and discuss how the resulting phenotypes may be translated to clinical therapies.
Lectin-induced accumulation of large lysosomes in cultured fibroblasts.

Abstract Cultured fibroblasts become highly vacuolated when exposed to the lectin, Wistaria floribunda agglutinin (WFA). However, transformed cells are less susceptible toward this action of the lectin. Enzyme profiles of fractionated cellular components, cytochemical localization of acid phosphatase, and the characteristics of acridine orange (AO) uptake by the cells demonstrate that the vacuoles are lysosomes. WFA-induced accumulation of lysosomes is specific, as the response is not evident when cells are exposed to other lectins. Specific inhibition of the carbohydrate binding site of WFA with lactose inhibits the binding of the lectin to the cells and subsequent induction of lysosome accumulation. The cellular response to the lectin is dose-dependent, and related to the duration of exposure. Treatment of fibroblasts with WFA for up to 48 h has no apparent effect on the growth and viability of the cells; the cells revert to a normal morphology 5 days after removal of lectin. These experiments and results presented by St John et al. [40] indicate that WFA is internalized by the cells and either enhances fusion of primary lysosomes and pinosomes, or causes the inhibition of breakdown of secondary lysosomes, culminating in an accumulation of large lysosomes.
Nitrogen reduction: Molybdenum does it again

Nature reduces dinitrogen under mild conditions using nitrogenases, the most active of which contains molybdenum and iron. The only abiological dinitrogen reduction catalyst that avoids the harsh conditions of the Haber–Bosch process contains just molybdenum.
Three Dimensional Elastic-Plastic Contact of Nominally Flat Rough Surfaces: Approximate Closed-Form Equations

Approximate closed-form (closure) equations governing the shoulder-shoulder contact of asperities are derived based on a generalization of Chang, Etsion and Bogy (CEB). The work entails the consideration of asperity shoulder-shoulder contact in which volume conservation is assumed in the plastic flow regime. Shoulder-shoulder asperity contact gives rise to a slanted contact force comprising tangential and normal components. Each force component comprises elastic and elastic-plastic terms, which upon statistical summation yields the force component for the elastic and elastic-plastic force for the contact of two rough surfaces. Half-plane tangential force due to elastic-plastic contact is derived through the statistical summation of tangential force component along an arbitrary tangential direction. Two sets of closure equations are found. In the first set of equations the functional forms are simpler and provide approximation of contact force to within nine percent (9%). The second set of closure equations are closed form equations of more complicated form but with accuracy to within 0.2 percent (0.2%).Copyright © 2007 by ASME
The scattering of He from adsorbed layers of gases on Ag(110)

Abstract The adsorption of gases on Ag(110) has been studied using inelastic He atom scattering. Vibrational spectra have been obtained for Kr, Xe, C2H6, C2H4, CH4, CF4, CHF3, CO2 and H2O. Spectra have also been obtained for multilayers of Xe (2 layers) and C2H6 (3 and 4 layers) where the energy changes move to lower values. The scattering from Kr and Xe can be shown to be dispersionless as has been previously found for these adsorbates on Cu(100) and Cu(110). The energy changes for Kr and Xe are smaller than on Cu surfaces and attempts were made to account for this based on an Einstein model of the adsorbed atoms in the surface holding potential.
An Empirical Ground-Motion Attenuation Relation for Inelastic Spectral Displacement

This article presents an empirical ground-motion prediction model (attenuation relation) for inelastic (as opposed to elastic) spectral displacement ( Sdi ) for ground motions without forward directivity effects. It is a function of two earthquake parameters, moment magnitude ( M w) and the closest distance to rupture ( R rup), and two bilinear oscillator parameters, an undamped elastic period ( T ) and a yield displacement ( dy ). The dy is introduced via the predicted median strength-reduction factor (![Graphic][1] ), a proxy for the ratio of elastic spectral displacement ( Sde ) to dy , which is identical with the familiar strength-reduction factor ( R ). The proxy ![Graphic][2] recognizes that R can only be estimated indirectly because it implicitly contains the random variable, Sde , which cannot be known a priori ; therefore, the median estimate or predicted median ( Ŝde ) from a conventional (elastic) ground-motion prediction model is used instead to calculate ![Graphic][3] = Ŝde / dy . For enhanced generality, the inelastic spectral displacement prediction model here is based on a ratio concept, that is, the total model is a (any) conventional elastic prediction model coupled with a new inelastic displacement ratio prediction model, with proper statistical correlation between the two. We empirically consider the dependence of this ratio on source and path effects (i.e., M w and R rup), and find that M w is significant, but R rup is not. The resulting prediction model can easily be added to existing probabilistic seismic-hazard analysis (psha) software packages with only one extra structure-specific parameter, dy of the oscillator. In practical engineering applications, this will likely have been estimated from the conventional static pushover analysis of the multi-degree-of-freedom (mdof) structure under consideration. The resulting psha product is a hazard curve for Sdi , the inelastic spectral displacement of a nonlinear oscillator. Such a curve can provide a more direct hazard- based target displacement for nonlinear static procedures (Federal Emergency Management Agency [fema] 356, 2000) and/or a basic input function for new probabilistic seismic-demand analyses that is based on Sdi (as opposed to Sde ) as an efficient and sufficient intensity measure. This new attenuation relationship will be particularly useful in evaluating the performance of existing structures and specified designs with known lateral strength. In particular, unlike most past studies, it does not pre-fix the ductility level. [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Co-integration, error correction and the Fisher effect: a clarification

The presence of co-integration between interest rates and inflation implies the existence of an error-correction model and the possibility of two sources of causation. Causality testing which does not account for feedback through the error-correction mechanism as well as through the error-correction mechanism as well as through the lagged changes in the variables can produce misleading reuslts. Reinterpreting Atkin' error-correction model and causality tests in this framework points to a feedback relationship between inflation and post-tax nominal interest rates. These findings are consistent with previously published results but are in contrast to Atkinsapos; conclusion of one-way causality from inflation to interest rates.
Aspirin selectively augmented N-methyl-d-aspartate types of glutamate responses in cultured spiral ganglion neurons of mice

Aspirin is commonly used to study tinnitus in animal models because of its ability to induce tinnitus in human subjects. However, the mechanism by which aspirin affects auditory function remains unclear. To investigate the effect of aspirin on the cochlear neurotransmission, we studied its interactions with major types of membrane channels and receptors regulating the excitability of cultured type I spiral ganglion (SG) neurons. Results showed that aspirin had little effect on voltage-gated sodium and potassium currents of SG neurons. In contrast, it selectively potentiated the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of the glutamate responses in SG neurons while showing little effect on the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisozazole-4-propionic acid and kainate types of glutamate responses. The aspirin-induced current in the presence of NMDA increased in a dose-dependent manner with a half maximal concentration of 2.2 mM, and it was blocked by NMDA receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid or Mg(2+). These in vitro results suggested that aspirin could interfere with the glutamatergic neurotransmission in the cochlea by selectively amplifying NMDA-mediated responses.
The effect of copper content and deformation mode on the fatigue crack propagation of Al6Zn2MgxCu alloys at low stress intensities

Abstract The effect of copper content on the fatigue crack propagation behavior of four Al6Zn2MgxCu (T7351) alloys was investigated in dry air and distilled water and was compared with a previous study of the T651 condition. The peak-aged treatment exhibited a lower growth rate in dry air over the range of ΔK studied and also displayed a higher threshold and resistance to fatigue cracking near the threshold in the distilled water environment. This suggests that age-hardened alloys with planar slip (dislocation shearing mechanism) will have a higher threshold than those with wavy and/or homogeneous slip. The shape of the growth rate curves can be correlated best with a transition in the fracture surface appearance which is controlled by the deformation behavior. The copper content of the four alloys in the overaged condition did not significantly affect the growth rate in either dry air or distilled water. However, in distilled water there were minor differences in the form of the growth rate curves with copper content. This is associated with electrochemical potential differences at the crack tip among the four alloys. The environmental sensitivity of the peak-aged condition was several times higher than that of the overaged treatment at the higher ΔK values and the sensitivity of the peak-aged condition was much more dependent on the copper content. This behavior is considered to be due to strain localization which occurs in the peak-aged condition and which enhances the metal-environment interactions.
Male Reproductive Tactics in an Explosive Breeding Toad Population

American toad ( Bufo amencanus ) males use one of two different reproductive tactics. Some males are stationary and call. Others are silent and mobile. Based on field studies, I developed a computer program that simulates the behavior of females and males to determine the probability of mating success of males engaging the different tactics and the factors that effect male reproductive success. Field studies indicate that non-calling males can be successful. Non-calling males were more numerous and smaller than calling males. Population size changed greatly both between and within nights. Contact rates for non-calling males were greater than those for calling males. The results of the preliminary simulations indicate that male mating success is a function of the population size and the operational sex ratio. In small populations, contact rate has no effect on male success. The effect of contact rate on male success has not been tested in large populations. In large populations, mating success is also a function of the ratio of calling to non-calling males. Generally, in small populations (n > 20) calling males are more successful than non-calling males. In large populations (n > 40) the success of noncalling males is equal to or greater than the success of calling males.
A complex orthogonal decomposition for wave motion analysis

A method is presented for decomposing wave motion into its principle components. The basic idea is a complex generalization of proper orthogonal decomposition. The method involves the representation of real oscillatory signals as complex analytic signals. The relationship between complex modes and wave motion is explored. From an ensemble of complex signals, a complex correlation matrix is formed, and its complex eigensolution is the basis of the decomposition (like a complex singular value decomposition). The complex eigenvectors contain standing and traveling characteristics. A traveling index is proposed to quantify the relative degree of traveling and standing in a waveform. A method of dissecting a wave mode into its traveling and standing parts is also proposed. From the complex modes and modal coordinates, frequencies, wavelengths, and characteristic wave speeds can be obtained. The method is applied to traveling and standing-wave examples.
Criteria for the detection of lunar cryptomaria

Cryptomaria are mare basalt deposits hidden or obscured by superposed higher albedo material or variations in albedo. They represent a record of the earliest mare volcanism, and may be a significant volumetric contribution to the volcanic and magmatic history of the Moon. In order to assess their global distribution and significance, criteria for the identification of cryptomaria are developed and techniques for locating them are described. These criteria and techniques include the presence of dark halo craters, identification by spectral mixing analysis, identification by geochemical evidence, association with light plains units, location within basin topography, proximity to known mare, relation to mascons indicated by gravity anomalies, and identification of the source of an obscuring agent, such as crater ejecta. On the basis of these criteria and techniques, several types of cryptomare are recognized, depending on the nature of ejecta and mare materials. Cryptomaria may be formed when maria are obscured by coverings of proximal or distal basin ejecta, or by crater ejecta dusting, or when ejecta covers over basalts which lack a distinctive 1µm absorption band. Using these concepts we outline three case studies: 1) the Schiller-Schickard region adjacent to the Orientale basin, classified as a basin-ejecta cryptomare and grading from distal to proximal, with possible crater-ejecta covering occurring in the southwestern portion of the region, 2) the Balmer basin, classified as a crater-ejecta-dusting cryptomare, and 3) the Australe basin, in which two types of cryptomare were identified: a) crater-ejecta-dusting on old mare patches and b) possible distal-basin-ejecta covering even older mare material. These case studies provide criteria for the further global identification and classification of cryptomaria and stress the need for utilization of multiple criteria and data sets.
A new method for the rapid measurement of 224Ra in natural waters

We report a new method for the measurement of 24Ra (T12 = 3.6 days) in natural waters. 224Ra preconcentrated from water samples by adsorption onto manganese-dioxide-impregnated acrylic fiber (Mn-fiber). The amount of 224Ra adsorbed on the fiber is determined by stripping its daughter, 220Rn, directly from the fiber bundle by circulating a stream of air through it and measuring the 220Rn activity concurrently. This method is simple, fast, sensitive, accurate and inexpensive. The counting system is portable, and is easily adapted for shipboard use in oceanographic investigations. The same equipment may also be used for measuring 228Th (T12 = 1.9 years) and 226Ra (T12 = 1600 years). 224Ra activities in water samples collected from continental shelf and estuarine waters of the eastern U.S. coast are presented.
What Activities Keep Principals the Busiest

What kinds of activities keep principals busy? In search of an answer, the authors surveyed a sampling of Florida principals. They report here the activities those principals listed and ranked according to priority.
Relative index for downsizing employees (RIDE): a measure of performance

Adds to the existing level of knowledge regarding the general phenomenon of downsizing and its relationship to the level and pervasiveness of quality and performance in the organization. This purpose is accomplished by addressing two important issues. First, the development of an objective measure of the relationship between the level of downsizing and a company’s performance relative to its competitors; and, second, the empirical application of this objective measure on a number of large US corporations which have downsized their employees during the 1989‐93 period.
Sex diferences in coloration and optical signalling in the lizard Anolis carolinensis (Reptilia, lacertilia, iguanidae)

Lorsque la coloration des animaux sert de signal visuel, le signal est souvent le resultat d'un compromis entre plusieurs pressions selectives. Cet article examine le role de changements de couleur physiologique comme signal visuel chez le lezard A.e
Iron Silicate Fractionation and the Origin of Mercury

Abstract Compared with the other terrestrial planets, Mercury has anomalously low mass and high iron content. Equilibrium condensation and inhomogeneous accretional models are not compatible with these properties, unless the solar nebula's thermal structure and history meet stringent conditions. Also, such models predict a composition which does not allow a presently molten core. It appears that most of the solid matter which originally condensed in Mercury's zone has been removed. The planet's composition may be explained if the removal process was only slightly more effective for silicates than for iron. It is proposed that planetesimal orbits in the inner solar nebula decayed because of gas drag. This process is a natural consequence of the non-Keplerian rotation of a centrally condensed nebula. A simple quantitative model shows good agreement with the observed mass distribution of the terrestrial planets. The rate of orbital decay is slower for larger and/or denser bodies, because of their smaller area-to-mass ratios. With plausible assumptions as to planetesimal sizes and compositions, this process can produce fractionation of the sense required to produce an iron-rich planet. Cosmogonical implications are discussed.
Improved bag models of P-wave baryons

Abstract Problems in two previous bag-model calculations of P-wave baryon states are pointed out. The two-body matrix elements used in one of these models, the Myhrer-Wroldsen bag model, have now been revised and corrected by Myhrer, Umino and Wroldsen. We use their corrected matrix elements to construct simple bag models in which baryon masses are stabilized against collapse by using a finite pion size. We find that baryon masses in both ground and excited states can be fitted with the same model parameters. Models with small-bag baryons of the type proposed by Brown and Rho are then obtained. Typical bag radii are 0.5 fm for N, 0.6 fm for Δ and 0.7 fm for P-wave nonstrange baryons. In these models, the mixing angles are still unsatisfactory, while inadequacy in the treatment of center-of-mass motion found in an earlier paper persists. These results are briefly discussed, especially in connection with skyrmion models.
Research for low-cost flexible feeding of headed parts using bi-directional belts

Part orientation for flexible manufacturing and assembly can be approached in several different ways. This paper reviews some approaches currently being developed and describes a potentially inexpensive method for the flexible feeding of headed parts. Utilizing adjustable tooling mid bi-directional belts to achieve part orientation. Some experimental observations of the feed rate for headed parts relating to feeder design are also discussed.
The Approved Miracle of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton

AbstractSaint Elizabeth Ann Seton (1774– 1821) was a convert to Roman Catholicism and foundress of the Sisters of Charity, the first sisterhood native to the United States. She is also the first person born in the United States to be canonized a saint. The second of three cures attributed to the intercession of Mother Seton was of Anne Theresa O'Neill. Anne was born at Baltimore in 1947 and, at the age of four, was diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia at St. Agnes Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland. At the time, acute leukemia, like other aggressive malignancies, was considered a fatal disease without any treatment that assured a cure. In essence, no effective therapy for disease control and sustained remission existed. Anne's cure, which was considered acceptable by the Sacred Congregation of Rights in 1959, would contribute directly toward Mother Seton's beatification and ultimate canonization on September 14, 1975, outside Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome by Pope Paul VI. Ms. O'Neill attended both the be...
Interpretation of Quasi-Elastic Scattering of 11-19 MeV Monochromatic Photons by Holmium Using Zero-Point Vibrations in the Hydrodynamic Model

A bremsstrahlung monochromator with an energy resolution of 0.6% was used to measure the 135\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} quasi-elastic scattering of photons by ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{165}$ at 48 energies between 10.92 and 19.06 MeV. No very fine structure was observed but the gross splitting of the giant dipole resonance of this deformed nucleus into two peaks was clearly resolved. The 135\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} differential scattering cross section has maxima at 12.49 MeV (0.35 mb/sr) and 16.50 MeV (0.45 mb/sr); a minimum occurs at 13.50 MeV (0.28 mb/sr). The observed energy dependence confirms the existence of tensor polarizability (i.e., the absorption cross section depends on the relative orientation of the nuclear spin and the photon polarization). The combination of the observed scattering and photoabsorption results can be used to test photonuclear models; the existing data suggest that it may be necessary to refine the hydrodynamic model by including zero-point vibrations. The absolute magnitude of the scattering implies that the previously reported energy-integrated absorption cross section should be reduced by 21%; this reduces the integrated sum in the giant resonance to 1.07\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.16 times the sum rule prediction without exchange forces.
Nurses' response to pain communication from patients: a post-test experimental study.

Abstract Background : Inadequate communication about pain can result in increased pain for patients. Objectives : The purpose of the current pilot study was to test how nurses respond when patients use their own words, a pain intensity scale, or both to communicate pain. Design : A post-test only experimental design was used with three pain description conditions, personal and numeric; personal only; numeric only. Setting : The setting included six hospitals and one school of nursing located in the northeastern United States. Participants : Participants included 122 registered medical surgical nurses. Methods : Nurses were randomly assigned to condition, and read a vignette about a trauma patient with moderately severe pain. The vignettes were identical except for the patient's pain description and age. The nurses then wrote how they would respond to the patient's pain. Two blind raters content analyzed the responses, giving nurses one point for including each of six a priori criteria derived from the Acute Pain Management Panel [1992. Acute Pain Management: operative or medical procedures and trauma. Clinical practice guideline (AHCPR Publication No. 92-0032)., Rockville, MD, USA] and the American Pain Society [2003. Principles of analgesic use in the treatment of acute pain and cancer pain, Glenville, IL, USA]. Results : Nurses planned similar numbers of pain management strategies across the three conditions, with a mean of 2.1 (SD=1.14) strategies out of the recommended six. Conclusions : Nurses did not respond with more pain management strategies when patients describe pain in their own words, or in their own words and a pain intensity scale. The relatively small number of pain management strategies planned by the nurses suggests that nurses use few strategies to respond to moderately severe pain problems.
Empirical Study of Six Tests for Equality of Populations with Zero-Inflated Continuous Distributions

We evaluated the properties of six statistical methods for testing equality among populations with zero-inflated continuous distributions. These tests are based on likelihood ratio (LR), Wald, central limit theorem (CLT), modified CLT (MCLT), parametric jackknife (PJ), and nonparametric jackknife (NPJ) statistics. We investigated their statistical properties using simulated data from mixed distributions with an unknown portion of non zero observations that have an underlying gamma, exponential, or log-normal density function and the remaining portion that are excessive zeros. The 6 statistical tests are compared in terms of their empirical Type I errors and powers estimated through 10,000 repeated simulated samples for carefully selected configurations of parameters. The LR, Wald, and PJ tests are preferred tests since their empirical Type I errors were close to the preset nominal 0.05 level and each demonstrated good power for rejecting null hypotheses when the sample sizes are at least 125 in each group...
Enhanced fluorescence in electrospun dye-doped DNA nanofibers

Nanoscale fibers and non-woven meshes composed of DNA complexed with a cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, or CTMA) have been fabricated through electrospinning. The DNA–CTMA complex can be electrospun far more easily than DNA alone. Incorporation of a hemicyanine chromophore resulted in materials that demonstrated amplified emission as compared to thin films of identical composition. The enhanced fluorescence resulted from both the fiber morphology (5–6-fold amplification) and specific interactions (groove-binding) between the chromophore and DNA (18–21-fold amplification). The mechanical properties of freestanding electrospun non-woven fiber meshes were evaluated, and revealed stress-induced alignment of DNA strands within the DNA–CTMA fibers. These fiber-based materials are easily processable into a variety of morphologies, and have promise for applications in molecular electronics, filtration, sensors, and the medical industry.
Spin polarization of tunneling electrons from films of Fe, Co, Ni, and Gd

Abstract Tunneling measurements of spin-polarized electrons from superconducting aluminum into films of Fe, Co, Ni, and Gd give, for the electron-spin polarization, values of 44, 34, 11 and 4.3 per cent respectively. The agreement of these results with photoemission measurements makes explanations of the polarization based on the Stoner-Wohlfarth-Slater band model implausible.
The molecular biology of nasal polyposis.

The molecular biologic events in the development of nasal polyps are now becoming unraveled. It appears that eosinophils are the dominant inflammatory cell present in this tissue. The events leading up to the extravasation of eosinophils into the lamina propria nasal polyps are regulated by the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-1b. These cytokines upregulate very late antigen-4 on the surface of eosinophils and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 on the surface of the endothelial blood vessel. Chemokines such as RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted) and eotaxin are responsible for the movement of eosinophils into the lamina propria of the nasal polyp. The release of major basic protein has an effect on alteration of the epithelial architecture and on the sodium and chloride flux into and out of the apical epithelial cell of the tissue. Finally, the alteration of the surface epithelium results in a defect in the migration of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator protein to the apical surface. These two events, the release of major basic protein from the eosinophil and the alteration of the architecture of the surface epithelium, lead to an increase in sodium absorption and resultant edema: the hallmark of the pathology of the nasal polyp.
ENRICHING REMEDIAL PROGRAMS WITH THE ARTS

The arts provide children with inherently motivating learning experiences that assist with the development of oral language, concepts, and literacy skills. Through interactive experiences with the arts, children engage in the learning processes of exploring ideas, creating meaning, constructing knowledge, and communicating concepts, thoughts, and feelings. This sort of active involvement, an important component of learning for all children, is essential for children who experience difficulty learning. This article focuses on how and why the systematic incorporation of the arts into the language arts curriculum improves children's learning and encourages them to become confident, creative, and enthusiastic learners.