cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Engages Receptor Interacting Protein and Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB)-inducing Kinase to Activate NF-κB IDENTIFICATION OF A NOVEL RECEPTOR-TYROSINE KINASE SIGNALOSOME

The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is activated by a diverse number of stimuli including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, UV irradiation, viruses, as well as receptor tyrosine kinases such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). NF-kappaB activation by the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) involves the formation of a multiprotein complex termed a signalosome. Although previous studies have shown that the activated EGFR can induce NF-kappaB, the mechanism of this activation remains unknown. In this study, we identify components of the signalosome formed by the activated EGFR required to activate NF-kappaB and show that, although the activated EGFR uses mechanisms similar to the TNFR, it recruits a distinct signalosome. We show the EGFR forms a complex with a TNFR-interacting protein (RIP), which plays a key role in TNFR-induced NF-kappaB activation, but not with TRADD, an adaptor protein which serves to recruit RIP to the TNFR. Furthermore, we show that the EGFR associates with NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK) and provide evidence suggesting multiprotein complex formation between the EGFR, RIP, and NIK. Using a dominant negative NIK mutant, we show that NIK activation is required for EGFR-mediated NF-kappaB induction. We also show that a S32/36 IkappaBalpha mutant blocks EGFR-induced NF-kappaB activation. Our studies also suggest that a high level of EGFR expression, a frequent occurrence in human tumors, is optimal for epidermal growth factor-induced NF-kappaB activation. Finally, although protein kinase B/Akt has been implicated in tumor necrosis factor and PDGF-induced NF-kappaB activation, our studies do not support a role for this protein in EGFR-induced NF-kappaB activation.
Effect of Freestream Turbulence Intensity on Film Cooling Jet Structure and Surface Effectiveness Using PIV and PSP

An experimental investigation of film cooling jet structure using two-dimensional, particle image velocimetry (PIV) has been completed for cylindrical, simple angle (θ = 35°) film cooling holes. The PIV measurements are coupled with detailed film cooling effectiveness distributions on the flat plate obtained using a steady state, pressure sensitive paint (PSP) technique. Both the flow and surface measurements were performed in a low speed wind tunnel where the freestream turbulence intensity was varied from 1.2% to 12.5%. With this traditional film cooling configuration, the blowing ratio was varied from 0.5–1.5 to compare the jet structure of relatively low and high momentum cooling flows. Velocity maps of the coolant flow (in the streamwise direction) are obtained on three planes spanning a single hole: centerline, 0.25D, and 0.5D (outer edge of the film cooling hole). From the seeded jets, time averaged, mean velocity distributions of the film cooling jets are obtained near the cooled surface. In addition, turbulent fluctuations are obtained for each flow condition. Combining the detailed flow field measurements obtained using PIV (both instantaneous and time averaged) with detailed film cooling effectiveness distributions on the surface (PSP), provides a more complete view of the coolant jet–mainstream flow interaction. Near the edge of the film cooling holes, the turbulent mixing increases, and as a result the film cooling effectiveness decreases. Furthermore, the PIV measurements show the increased mixing of the coolant jet with the mainstream at the elevated freestream turbulence level resulting in a reduction of the jet to effectively protect the film cooled surface.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
The multilayer melting transition in methane adsorbed on graphite

High resolution heat capacity measurements of multilayer methane adsorbed on graphite are presented and analyzed. The evidence indicates the presence of two wetting transitions: a first-order dewetting transition at T_w = 90.48 K, and a continuous wetting transition at the triple point, T_t = 90.66 K. This behavior is to be expected in connection with the melting transition in any system where both solid and liquid wet the surface. Heat capacity measurements can provide a valuable diagnostic tool for the wetting behavior of films too thick to be investigated by other means. In the thin film limit, we find that the latent heat of melting vanishes at about 4 layers.
The Bxb1 gp47 recombination directionality factor is required not only for prophage excision, but also for phage DNA replication

Mycobacteriophage Bxb1 encodes a serine-integrase that catalyzes both integrative and excisive site-specific recombination. However, excision requires a second phage-encoded protein, gp47, which serves as a recombination directionality factor (RDF). The viability of a Bxb1 mutant containing an S153A substitution in gp47 that eliminates the RDF activity of Bxb1 gp47 shows that excision is not required for Bxb1 lytic growth. However, the inability to construct a Δ47 deletion mutant of Bxb1 suggests that gp47 provides a second function that is required for lytic growth, although the possibility of an essential cis-acting site cannot be excluded. Characterization of a mutant prophage of mycobacteriophage L5 in which gene 54 – a homologue of Bxb1 gene 47 – is deleted shows that it also is defective in induced lytic growth, and exhibits a strong defect in DNA replication. Bxb1 gp47 and its relatives are also unusual in containing conserved motifs associated with a phosphoesterase function, although we have not been able to show robust phosphoesterase activity of the proteins, and amino acid substitutions with the conserved motifs do not interfere with RDF activity. We therefore propose that Bxb1 gp47 and its relatives provide an important function in phage DNA replication that has been co-opted by the integration machinery of the serine-integrases to control the directionality of recombination.
Movement Artifact and Dual X-ray Absorptiometry

Abstract Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning is used with increasing frequency to measure bone mass and body composition in adults as well as children. Without sedation, children may move during the study. The effect of movement decreases the precision of DXA scanning ( 1 ). However, the amount and types of movements that alter scan results are not known. Eleven adults were scanned five times using a Hologic QDR-2000. Prescribed movements were designed to simulate movements that may occur in the clinical setting. These movements included: slow horizontal movements, fast horizontal movements, isolated movements of the extremities and head, and slow vertical movements. In addition, 90 sequential DXA scans were reviewed for movement. Movement was noted in 23% of 90 sequential DXA scans ordered for clinical purposes at a children's hospital. Equal percents of subjects over 15 and 15 or younger moved during DXA scans. Movement during DXA scanning results in unpredictable alterations in the assessment of bone mineral content (BMC), lean mass, and fat mass. Movement artifact, especially vertical movements, may be difficult to detect on DXA printouts.
Lack of emergence of significant resistance in vitro and in vivo to the new azalide antibiotic azithromycin.

In vitro experiments were performed in which 6 to 12 strains ofStaphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae andEnterobacteriaceae were passaged nine times in sub-lethal concentrations of azithromycin or control antibiotics.Streptococcus pyogenes andStaphylococcus aureus quickly became resistant to rifampin as the MIC90 increased from 0.1 to > 50 µg/ml for both species. The MIC90 of azithromycin, erythromycin, amoxicillin and cefaclor increased by three dilutions forStaphylococcus aureus. The MIC values of azithromycin forStreptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae andEnterobacteriaceae strains did not change significantly. However, forHaemophilus influenzae and theEnterobacteriaceae strains, the MIC values of erythromycin and oral cephalosporins increased four-fold. In the in vivo experiments, mice infected withStaphylococcus aureus orEscherichia coli contaminated sutures were administered azithromycin for three days, and on day 6 viable bacterial cells were recovered from the infection site. The sustained tissue concentrations of azithromycin indicated that the organisms would have been continuously exposed to azithromycin at the site of infection. Colonies isolated from azithromycin-treated and non-treated mice were cultured and their susceptibility to azithromycin compared. The azithromycin MIC values forStaphylococcus aureus cultures from treated and non-treated animals were identical. The azithromycin MICs forEscherichia coli recovered from treated animals were on average, less than one dilution higher than for control cultures. Emergence of significant resistance to azithromycin in the laboratory was not observed with the pathogens tested.
Validation of SOBI components from high-density EEG

Second-order blind identification (SOBI) is a blind source separation (BSS) algorithm that can be used to decompose mixtures of signals into a set of components or putative recovered sources. Previously, SOBI, as well as other BSS algorithms, has been applied to magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) data. These BSS algorithms have been shown to recover components that appear to be physiologically and neuroanatomically interpretable. While some proponents of these algorithms suggest that fundamental discoveries about the human brain might be made through the application of these techniques, validation of BSS components has not yet received sufficient attention. Here we present two experiments for validating SOBI-recovered components. The first takes advantage of the fact that noise sources associated with individual sensors can be objectively validated independently from the SOBI process. The second utilizes the fact that the time course and location of primary somatosensory (SI) cortex activation by median nerve stimulation have been extensively characterized using converging imaging methods. In this paper, using both known noise sources and highly constrained and well-characterized neuronal sources, we provide validation for SOBI decomposition of high-density EEG data. We show that SOBI is able to (1) recover known noise sources that were either spontaneously occurring or artificially induced; (2) recover neuronal sources activated by median nerve stimulation that were spatially and temporally consistent with estimates obtained from previous EEG, MEG, and fMRI studies; (3) improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs); and (4) reduce the level of subjectivity involved in the source localization process.
Conceptualizing community development in the twenty-first century

The need to more accurately conceptualize the field of community development has increased during recent decades. This is largely the result of a growing field marked by its multidisciplinary nature, but also because of the multifaceted ways in which communities around the world participate in the development process. In this article, we approach the task of conceptualizing community development by providing a conceptual definition that serves both academics and practitioners. More importantly, based on such conceptualization, we offer a typology that accounts for the different forms in which community development is practiced providing strengths and weaknesses of each form.
Nonlinear finite element modeling of phase transitions in electromechanically coupled material

A finite element approach has been used to model phase transitions in electro-mechanically coupled material. The approach is applicable to modeling a broad range of material behavior, including repolarizations in ferroelectrics as well as ferroelectric-antiferroelectric phase transitions in electroceramics such as lead lanthanum zirconate stannate titanate. A 3D 8 node element with nodal displacement and voltage degrees of freedom has been formulated using standard isoparametric shape functions. The elements utilize nonlinear constitutive relations for more accurate representation of material response at high electric fields. The phase/polarization state of the material is represented by internal variables in each element, which are updated at each simulation step based on phenomenological model. The model reproduces strain and electric displacement hysteresis loops observed in the material. The approach allows modeling of complex actuator geometries subject to non-uniform electric fields. An a sample application, the response of a piezoelectric wafer with interdigitated electrodes is analyzed. Such a geometry leads to stresses arising from non-uniform poling in the sample which can be computed using the finite element model.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Severe Retinal Vaso-Occlusive Disease in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

• Retinopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus generally consists of cotton-wool spots with or without intraretinal hemorrhages. Although rare, a more severe retinal vaso-occlusive disease, termedretinal vasculitis, has been described. We report data from 11 patients with SLE and severe retinal vasoocclusive disease. Visual outcome was often poor, with 55% of the involved eyes suffering visual loss, frequently to an acuity of worse than 20/200. The systemic feature significantly associated with severe retinal vascular disease was central nervous system involvement (CNS lupus), present in eight (73%) of the 11 patients vs an overall prevalence of 37%. The association of CNS lupus with severe retinal vaso-occlusive disease probably reflects a similar pathogenetic mechanism and microangiopathy.
Effect of Orange Juice Consumption on Urinary Stone Risk Factors

ABSTRACTPurpose: We evaluated the effect of cranberry juice on urinary stone risk factors.Materials and Methods: A total of 12 normal subjects and 12 calcium oxalate stone formers underwent 2, 7-day phases of study in random order while on a controlled metabolic diet. Subjects ingested 1 l of cranberry juice (CBJ) daily in 1 phase and 1 l of deionized water in the other phase. On the last 2 days of each phase 2, 24-hour urine collections and blood samples were obtained for stone risk factors and serum chemistries.Results: No significant differences were found between normal subjects and stone formers in response to CBJ and, therefore, the groups were combined. CBJ significantly increased urinary calcium (from 154 to 177 mg per day, p =0.0008) and urinary oxalate (from 26.4 to 29.2 mg per day, p =0.04), thereby increasing urinary saturation of calcium oxalate by 18%. Urinary citrate was unchanged and urinary magnesium increased slightly. Urinary pH decreased (from 5.97 to 5.67, p =0.0005), and urinary ammo...
Application of neural networks in optimization problems: a review

In the recent past neural networks have been used in a variety of applications. The wide spectrum of applications has required invention of new architectures as well as improving existing architectures. This paper reviews some of different neural network architectures and their applications in optimization problems. The paper is divided into three primary sections: 1) a brief review of the type of problems that are suitable for neural networks 2) a brief description of some of the more commonly used neural network models and 3) a quick glance at application of Hopfield network to optimization problems. The first part will provide a quick glance at the two class of problems best suited for neural networks. The second part will briefly review various networks currently in use today. The application section will provide examples describing use of Hopfield network for solving economic load dispatch and linear programming problems. The paper also includes an extensive bibliography. 1.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Le stéréorestituteur Kelsh

Resume Le stereorestituteur Kelsh est un appareil de restitution a double projection base sur le principe des anaglyphes, comme le Multiplex par exemple, mais il a une plus grande precision que ce dernier, vu que les negatifs sont utilises directement pour la restitution, sans que l'on soit oblige de les reduire au prealable. Une telle solution devient possible lorsque l'echelle de l'image plastique (modele) est au moins 7 fois plus grande que celle des cliches. L'appareil comprend un support reposant par 4 pieds sur la table a dessin. Sa partie superieure porte, par l'intermediaire de trois vis calantes, un cadre dans lequel les deux chambres de projection sont suspendues. Des leviers de commande, agissant sur les chambres, permettent d'introduire la base, le deversement et les inclinaisons transversale et longitudinale. Les cliches conjugues ou des diapositifs sont directement places dans les chambres de projection munies d'objectifs. En projetant les deux cliches au moyen de couleurs complementaires, l'observateur — muni de lunettes a verres colores (couleurs complementaires) — observe l'image plastique audessus de la table a dessin, l'orientation relative des chambres ayant ete etablie au prealable. Pour le report des points de l'image plastique sur la minute, l'operateur dispose d'une tablette amovible a marque-repere lumineuse qu'il deplace a la main et dont la hauteur au-dessus de la table a dessin peut etre commandee par une molette. Pour etablir l'orientation absolue de l'image plastique, il suffit d'incliner convenablement le cadre de suspension a l'aide des vis calantes, l'orientation relative n'etant pas detruite par cette operation. Les deux cliches sont eclaires par des projecteurs munis d'une suspension a la cardan et relies a la tablette de restitution par des tiges telescopiques. Moyennant ce dispositif, l'eclairage est concentre sur deux petites regions conjuguees des cliches et l'observateur ne voit ainsi qu'une petite partie de l'image spatiale, ce qui presente l'avantage de ne pas l'eblouir. D'autre part, les tiges telescopiques impriment, suivant l'inclinaison, un deplacement vertical plus ou moins prononce aux objectifs de projection, ce qui permet d'eliminer les erreurs de distorsion. Pour les travaux de triangulation aerienne, l'auteur propose d'appliquer la methode des plaques a fontes radiales (templets). Pour le passage d'un modele a l'autre, l'orientation spatiale des chambres de restitution est determinee au moyen d'une nivelle placee sur les cliches. Un premier essai a ete effectue sur 7 modeles (echelle des cliches 1/34000) et apres compensation l'erreur probable altimetrique des douze points connus s'est elevee a 1.50 m tandis que l'erreur maximum etait de 4 m. L'erreur altimetrique des restitutions effectuees par le U.S. Forest Service en Californie avec des cliches ou 1/48000, ou les differences de niveau depassaient parfois 600 m par cliche, varie entre 1 m et 2.70 m.
Hypertensive Goals in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

There are many prospective clinical trials that have examined cardiovascular outcomes over the past 2 decades. Trials completed within the last 5 years clearly indicate that overall cardiovascular risk is reduced by blood pressure lowering to levels below 140/90 mm Hg. Greater cardiovascular risk reduction is not seen, however, by driving blood pressure to levels well below 130/80 mm Hg. This is true across the spectrum of cardio-renal risk with few exceptions, stroke prevention possibly being one. Further there should be an awareness that outcome studies performed within the last decade will not have the same risk reduction of a given class of antihypertensive drug previously tested. This is primarily due to an improved standard of care that was not present in trials of a decade ago and thus, more recent trials have lower cardiovascular risk at baseline. Lastly, new guidelines will most likely change the goal blood pressure to <140/90 mm Hg as all data support this level. Lastly, the caution of lowering diastolic blood pressure below 60 mm Hg especially in the elderly must be avoided to minimize reductions in coronary perfusion.
URBAN FREEWAY TRAFFIC FLOW PREDICTION: APPLICATION OF SEASONAL AUTOREGRESSIVE INTEGRATED MOVING AVERAGE AND EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING MODELS

The application of seasonal time series models to the single-interval traffic flow forecasting problem for urban freeways is addressed. Seasonal time series approaches have not been used in previous forecasting research. However, time series of traffic flow data are characterized by definite periodic cycles. Seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and Winters exponential smoothing models were developed and tested on data sets belonging to two sites: Telegraph Road and the Woodrow Wilson Bridge on the inner and outer loops of the Capital Beltway in northern Virginia. Data were 15-min flow rates and were the same as used in prior forecasting research by B. Smith. Direct comparisons with the Smith report findings were made and it was found that ARIMA (2, 0, 1)(0, 1, 1)96 and ARIMA (1, 0, 1)(0, 1, 1)96 were the best-fit models for the Telegraph Road and Wilson Bridge sites, respectively. Best-fit Winters exponential smoothing models were also developed for each site. The single-step forecast...
Adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with pathologic Stage C (pT3N0) adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

Abstract Objectives. This report is an update on the outcomes in the management of pathologic Stage C (T3N0) prostate cancer (CaP) with postoperative irradiation. Methods. Between 1976 and 1994, 311 patients with pathologic Stage C CaP were treated with radical prostatectomy. Pathologic stage was as follows: C1, 60 patients (19%), C2, 146 patients (47%), and C3, 105 patients (34%). Gleason score was 2 to 4 in 10 patients (3.2%), 5 to 6 in 121 (39%), 7 in 101 (32%), and 8 to 10 in 76 (24%); median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 11.9 ng/mL. Postoperative irradiation consisted of a median dose of 48 Gy. Follow-up was up to 18 years (median 5). Results. The 10-year actuarial survival was 81% and 10-year disease-free survival was 51%. Pathologic stage and Gleason score were independently predictive of recurrence, each with P >0.001 after controlling for the other. Patients with pathologic Stage C3 and Gleason score 7 to 10 were in the worst prognostic category and had 5.4 times the risk of recurrence compared with patients with pathologic Stage C1–C2, Gleason score 2 to 6. Preoperative PSA was a good ( P = 0.02) predictor of disease-free survival. Clinical recurrence was seen in 28 patients (9%), including 10 (3.2%) with local recurrence. PSA recurrence (PSA greater than 0.05 ng/mL) developed in 68 patients (22%). Conclusions. With the known limitations of a nonrandomized clinical trial, on the basis of the experience of this study we recommend the use of moderate dose, limited-field postoperative radiotherapy in patients with pathologic Stage C disease with Gleason score greater than 4.
Calculation of Electron Affinities of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Solvation Energies of Their Radical Anion

Electron affinities (EAs) and free energies for electron attachment (ΔG°a,298K) have been directly calculated for 45 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and related molecules by a variety of theoretical methods, with standard regression errors of about 0.07 eV (mean unsigned error = 0.05 eV) at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level and larger errors with HF or MP2 methods or using Koopmans' Theorem. Comparison of gas-phase free energies with solution-phase reduction potentials provides a measure of solvation energy differences between the radical anion and neutral PAH. A simple Born-charging model approximates the solvation effects on the radical anions, leading to a good correlation with experimental solvation energy differences. This is used to estimate unknown or questionable EAs from reduction potentials. Two independent methods are used to predict ΔG°a,298K values: (1) based upon DFT methods, or (2) based upon reduction potentials and the Born model. They suggest reassignments or a resolution of conflict...
Management of scoring sessions in alternative assessment: the computer-assisted scoring approach

Abstract We describe a computer-assisted scoring approach in educational assessment. In this approach, scores are captured and analyzed as scoring takes place; information on scoring quality is used to provide immediate feedback to raters and make timely re-calibration and dismissal decisions. We present a conceptual model for computer-assisted scoring and describe how we used this approach to manage the scoring sessions of an assessment for teacher certification. We found that computer-assisted scoring: (a) allowed us to provide immediate feedback to raters about their scoring quality and make accurate re-calibration and dismissal decisions; and (b) did not affect the dependability of the scores or the flow of the scoring sessions. We also confirmed that, with appropriate software, raters can be trained readily to score complex performance with the aid of computers even when they have no prior experience with computers. The conceptual model allowed us to identify how close our scoring sessions were to optimal efficiency.
Global Citizenship Instruction Through Active Participation: What Is Being Learned About Global Citizenship?

Abstract If the definitions of global citizenship are varied and contestable, how do teachers conceptualize and make meaning of global citizenship when required to teach global citizenship in the classroom? For this study, twenty-nine grade six social studies teachers in British Columbia, Canada, were surveyed on their definitions of global citizenship with a focus on active participation. Their responses indicated a belief in active citizenship, civic global responsibility, community service, and making change in the world; however, the focus of their student work in global citizenship was often limited to treating the symptoms of global inequalities, thus ignoring our interdependencies. Consequently, this article suggests that a more critical approach to global citizenship needs to be articulated in curriculum documents and promoted in schools.
Stability and control of flexible satellites—II control

It is demonstrated that by monitoring the deformations of the flexible elements of a satellite, the effectiveness of the satellite control system can be increased considerably. A simple model of a flexible satellite was analyzed in the first part of this work. The same model is used here for digital computer simulations.
Clinical correlates of splenic histopathology and splenic karyotype in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia

Splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis is an integral component of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) and may be classified into 3 distinct histologic patterns of infiltration by myeloid precursors: diffuse, nodular, and a predominance of immature granulocytes. These 3 histologic patterns occurred in 121 (56.8%), 75 (35.2%), and 17 (8%), respectively, of 213 patients with MMM who underwent splenectomy at a single institution. In general, karyotypic findings in splenic tissue (n = 92) were similar to those seen in the bone marrow. The histologic pattern of immature granulocyte predominance, the presence of microscopic splenic infarcts (26 patients), or the detection of an abnormal splenic karyotype (52 patients) was significantly associated with decreased postsplenectomy survival. These adverse features were also associated with characteristics of advanced disease. These observations support the bone marrow origin of the myeloid progenitor pool in the spleen of patients with MMM and suggest a prognostic value for splenic histopathology and karyotype. (Blood. 2001;97:3665-3667)
Dynamic optimization for optimal control of water distribution systems

In this paper we consider the design of intelligent control policies for water distribution systems. The controller presented in this paper is based upon a hybrid system that utilizes dynamic programming and rules as design constraints, to minimize average costs over a long time horizon under constraints on operation parameters. The method is very general and is reported here as a controller for water distribution system. In the example presented we obtain a 12.5 percent reduction in energy usage over the optimal level-based control design. We present the guiding principles used in the design and the results for a simulated system that is representative of a typical water pumping station. The design is fully adaptable to changing operating conditions and has applicability to a wide range of scheduling problems.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Isolation of protein factors from oviduct polysomes which stimulate protein synthesis.

Abstract A soluble protein fraction (AvF) was isolated from oviduct polysomes. AvF stimulates by 6–10 fold both rate and extent of protein synthesis on washed ribosomes directed by either natural mRNA or by polyuridylic acid. AvF is inactivated by heat, pronase and N-ethylmaleimide but not by RNase. AvF is distinct from chain elongation factors T1 and T2. The fraction stimulates protein synthesis subsequent to acylation of tRNA since equal stimulations are observed using 14C-val or 14C-leu-tRNA. Addition of AvF results in a distinct lowering of Mg+2 concentration for optimal protein synthesis using natural message or poly U. Finally analysis by affinity chromatography of peptides synthesized in the AvF-dependent natural message system suggests that ovalbumin comprises 14% of the released proteins.
The expression of alternative oxidase and alternative respiratory capacity in cytoplasmic male sterile common bean

The alternative respiratory pathway is present in all plant species investigated to date. Yet, the role of the alternative pathway is not clear. Some evidence suggests an important role in pollen development. We undertook this study to investigate the expression of alternative oxidase, in comparison with expression of a component of cytochrome oxidase, during pollen formation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Expression was evaluated immunohistochemically. In addition, we compared both the alternative oxidase capacity in young seedling tissues and alternative oxidase expression in developing flower buds of isonuclear cytoplasmic male sterile and male fertile bean lines. We observed no evidence of an association between the abnormal pollen development of CMS bean and changes in alternative oxidase expression or capacity. We did observe a tissueand stage-specific pattern of expression of alternative oxidase, differing from the expression pattern of cytochrome oxidase subunit II, during anther development in normal bean lines. Although no association was evident between the cytoplasmic male sterility phenotype and differential expression of alternative oxidase, the regulated pattern of alternative oxidase expression in developing anthers does suggest that the alternative pathway may play a role in microgametogenesis and microsporogenesis.
WHAT PUTNAM SHOULD HAVE SAID: AN ALTERNATIVE REPLY TO RORTY

Contribution au debat entre R. Rorty et H. Putnam sur le realisme et le relativisme. L'A. entreprend une refutation de Rorty, tout en reconnaissant que Putnam est partiellement coupable du realisme metaphysique dont l'accuse Rorty. P. 401-404 : H. PUTNAM, « Reply to C. Hartz »
The infectious and transmissible nature of experimental dental caries. Findings and implications.

Abstract In both hamsters and Osborne-Mendel rats dental caries appears to be an infectious and transmissible disease which involves a penicillin-sensitive flora. The findings reported suggest that if this flora is present or is inoculated into young animals, rampant caries can be induced by a high-carbohydrate low-fat diet within 35 days. When low to negligible caries has been found in animals similarly fed, the flora presumably has not been present in sufficient quantity to be pathogenic. Caries activity was markedly reduced in hamsters and rats after the penicillin-sensitive flora had been depressed prior to feeding the test diet. Hamsters whose flora had been depressed, in some cases, produced several generations of progeny with negligible activity. Marked differences in activity apparently result from alterations or variables in the flora which animals acquire, transmit, and develop during the course of an experiment. Thus, a number of interpretations, which have been made to explain differences in caries activity observed in past studies, must be reconsidered in terms of variations possibly induced in the microbic flora.
New N-Substituted (±)-Dehydronorglaucine Analogs

Abstract The aporphine alkaloid N-carbethoxydehydronorglaucine (1) was found to have promising in vitro antitumor activity, but poor water solubility. We report the synthesis of 1, the efficient hydrolysis of its urethane group and the further transformation into several new dehydronorglaucine analogs.
On the validity of stochastic rate equations in finite systems with finite-strength interactions

Starting with the Hamiltonian for a linear harmonic chain of 2N particles of massm and one of massM, we have carried out numerical calculations for the momentum autocorrelation function of the mass defect particle for chains with finite numberN of mass points and for nonzero values of the mass ratioμ=m/M. These results have been compared with the well-known exponential relaxation of the momentum autocorrelation function which is found to be the rigorous result when passing to the thermodynamic and weak-coupling limit. In these limits, the dynamics of the mass defect particle is exactly described by a Fokker-Planck equation, i.e., a stochastic equation of motion. We have shown that, to an excellent approximation, an exponential relaxation of the momentum autocorrelation function is obtained for mass ratios as high asμ=0.1 and for chains with only 50 particles. Thus, for the harmonic chain considered here, the stochastic equations of motion can be applied to a very good approximation far outside the usually imposed thermodynamic and weak-coupling limits.
Inferring gene networks from steady-state response to single-gene perturbations

Inferring gene networks from gene expression data is an important step in understanding the molecular machinery of life. Three methods for establishing and quantifying causal relationships between genes based on steady-state measurements in single-gene perturbation experiments have recently been proposed: the regulatory strength method, the local regulatory strength method, and Gardner's method. The theoretical basis of these methods is presented here in a thorough and consistent fashion. In principle, for the same data set all three methods would generate identical networks, but they would quantify the strengths of connections in different ways. The regulatory strength method is shown here to be topology-dependent. It adopts the format of the data collected in gene expression microarray experiments and therefore can be immediately used with this technology. The regulatory strengths obtained by this method can also be used to compute local regulatory strengths. In contrast, Gardner's method requires both measurements of mRNA concentrations and measurements of the applied rate perturbations, which is not usually part of a standard microarray experimental protocol. The results generated by Gardner's method and by the two regulatory strengths methods differ only by scaling constants, but Gardner's method requires more measurements. On the other hand, the explicit use of rate perturbations in Gardner's approach allows one to address new questions with this method, like what perturbations caused given responses of the system. Results of the application of the three techniques to real experimental data are presented and discussed. The comparative analysis presented in this paper can be helpful for identifying an appropriate technique for inferring genetic networks and for interpreting the results of its application to experimental data.
High temperature superconductivity from magnetism - The Resonating Valence Bond State

In this talk the Resonating Valence Bond (RVB) state of the Mott- Hubbard insulator and the high temperature superconductivity resulting from doping are described as the possible mechanisms for the insulating and high temperature superconducting properties of undoped and doped La2CuO4 and other high Tc oxides. We describe in detail two microscopic approaches to the understanding of the RVB superconductivity- one is a simple mean field theory and the other is a gauge theory.
Rhodopsin phosphorylation and its role in photoreceptor function

Light-stimulated phosphorylation of rhodopsin was first described 25 years ago. This paper reviews the progress that has been made towards (i) understanding the nature of the enzymes that phosphorylate and dephosphorylate rhodopsin (ii) identifying the sites of phosphorylation on rhodopsin and (iii) understanding the physiological importance of rhodopsin phosphorylation. Many important questions related to rhodopsin phosphorylation remain unanswered and new strategies and methods are needed to address issues such as the roles of Ca2+ and recoverin. We present one such method that uses mass spectrometry to quantitate rhodopsin phosphorylation in intact mouse retinas.
Facial symmetry after closed and open treatment of fractures of the mandibular condylar process

Abstract Purpose: This study compares vertical measures of mandibular and facial morphology after open or closed treatment for fractures of the mandibular condylar process. Patients and Methods: One hundred forty-six patients (121 male, 25 female), 81 treated by closed and 65 by open methods, were included in this study. Towne's and panoramic radiographs, taken at several intervals, were used to quantify the displacement of the condylar process fractures. Posteroanterior cephalograms taken at 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 to 3 years after treatment were used to assess posterior facial height and bigonial and occlusal plane angles. Additionally, panoramic radiographs were used to assess ramus height at the same periods. Standard statistical methods were used to assess differences between groups. Results: Patients whose condylar process fractures were treated by closed methods had significantly shorter posterior facial and ramus heights on the side of injury, and more tilting of the occlusal and bigonial planes toward the fractured side, than patients whose fractures were treated by open methods. Most of the asymmetry in patients treated by closed methods was present by 6 weeks after injury. Conclusions: Patients treated by closed methods develop asymmetries characterized by shortening of the face on the side of injury. It is likely that loss of posterior facial height on the side of fracture in these patients is an adaptation that helps reestablish a new temporomandibular articulation. © 2000 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
Planning sustainable hydrogen supply chain infrastructure with uncertain demand

Abstract This study introduces a multi-period optimization model taking into account the stochasticity and the effect of uncertainty in the hydrogen production, storage and usage in macro view (e.g. county level). The objective function includes minimization of total daily social cost of the hydrogen supply chain network with uncertain demand. There are several factors and key attributes, which influence consumer choice to buy a fuel cell vehicle. At the same time, consumer preference on the demand side is the most important factor in predicting changes in the auto market. A spatially aggregated demand model was developed to estimate the potential demand for fuel cell vehicles based on different household attributes such as income, education etc. These models were applied to evaluate the future hydrogen supply chain for State of New Jersey.
Accelerators, Brakes, and Gears of Actin Dynamics in Dendritic Spines

Dendritic spines are actin-rich structures that accommodate the postsynaptic sites of most excitatory synapses in the brain. Although dendritic spines form and mature as synaptic connections develop, they remain plastic even in the adult brain, where they can rapidly grow, change, or collapse in response to normal physiological changes in synaptic activity that underlie learning and memory. Pathological stimuli can adversely affect dendritic spine shape and number, and this is seen in neurodegenerative disorders and some forms of mental retardation and autism as well. Many of the molecular signals that control these changes in dendritic spines act through the regulation of filamentous actin (F-actin), some through direct interaction with actin, and others via downstream effectors. For example, cortactin, cofilin, and gelsolin are actin-binding proteins that directly regulate actin dynamics in dendritic spines. Activities of these proteins are precisely regulated by intracellular signaling events that control their phosphorylation state and localization. In this review, we discuss how actin-regulating proteins maintain the balance between F-actin assembly and disassembly that is needed to stabilize mature dendritic spines, and how changes in their activities may lead to rapid remodeling of dendritic spines.
Complexes of the antimicrobial ciprofloxacin with soil, peat, and aquatic humic substances.

Natural organic matter (NOM) is implicated in the binding of antibiotics by particles in soils and waters. The authors' previous computational study revealed structural rearrangement of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties of NOM to favor H-bonding and other intermolecular interactions, as well as both competition with ion-exchange reactions and bridging interactions by NOM-bound divalent cations. The importance of these interactions was investigated using fluorescence-quenching spectroscopy to study the adsorption of ciprofloxacin (Cipro), a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, on 4 reference humic substances (HSs): Elliott soil humic acid (HA), Pahokee peat HA, and Suwannee river HA and fulvic acid. A simple affinity spectrum HS model was developed to characterize the cation-exchange capacity and the amount of H-bond donor moieties as a function of pH. The adsorption results stress the influence of both pH conditions and the type of HS: both soil HA and peat HA exhibited up to 3 times higher sorption capacity than the aquatic HS at pH ≥ 6, normalizing to the aromatic C content accounted for the differences among the terrestrial HS, and increasing the concentration of divalent cations led to a decrease in adsorption on aquatic HA but not on soil HA. In addition, the pH-dependent speciation models of the Cipro–HS complexes illustrate an increase in complexation due to an increase in deprotonation of HS ligands with increasing pH and, at circumneutral and alkaline pH, enhanced complexation of zwitterionic Cipro only in the presence of soil HA and peat HA. The findings of the present study imply that, in addition to electrostatic interactions, van der Waals interactions as facilitated by aromatic structures and H-bond donating moieties in terrestrial HS may facilitate a favorable binding environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1467–1478. © 2013 SETAC
TCP-UDP/IP performance over ATM on Windows NT

This paper describes performance experiments for conventional networking protocols such as TCP-UDP/IP over ATM. The results presented include application throughput, latency, CPU usage, and cell loss based on a local ATM network testbed consisting of DEC Alpha workstations running Windows NT 4.0 and a DEC GIGAswitch/ATM. We show that with well designed hardware and software implementations, Windows NT delivers TCP-UDP/IP throughput up to the theoretical limit of ATM operating at 155.52 Mbits/s signaling rate.
The Writing on the Wall: A Content Analysis of College Students' Facebook Groups for the 2008 Presidential Election

This study looks at student Facebook groups supporting the 2008 presidential candidates, John McCain and Barack Obama, from largest land-grant universities in seven battleground states. The findings of a content analysis of wall posts show that students are using Facebook to facilitate dialog and civic political involvement. In opposition to pro-McCain groups, pro-Obama groups have wider time frame coverage and demonstrate substantively higher site activity. Political discussions related to the political civic process, policy issues, campaign information, candidate issues, and acquisition of campaign products dominate across groups and election seasons. An examination of the content of wall posts based on the four categories of the Michigan Model of voting behavior (partisanship, group affiliation, candidate image, and political/campaign issues) reveals that in the primary season, pro-Obama groups focus mostly on short-term topics (candidate image and campaign issues), whereas pro-McCain groups focus most...
Adaptive rule based fetal QRS complex detection using hilbert transform

In this paper we introduce an adaptive rule based QRS detection algorithm using the Hilbert transform (adHQRS) for fetal magnetocardiography processing. Hilbert transform is used to combine multiple channel measurements and the adaptive rule based decision process is used to eliminate spurious beats. The algorithm has been tested with a large number of datasets and promising results were obtained.
Analytical (“mathematical”) modeling of the dynamic response of a printed circuit board (PCB) to an impact load

Based on the developed analytical (“mathematical”) stress model, we evaluate the dynamic response of a “flexible-and-heavy” square simply supported printed circuit board (PCB) to an impact load applied to its support contour during drop tests. The analysis is restricted to the first mode of vibrations and is carried out in application to a PCB structure employed in an advanced accelerated test setup (test vehicle). The vehicle is aimed at the assessment of the performance, in accelerated test conditions on the board level, of packaging materials (and, first of all, BGA solder joint interconnections) experiencing dynamic (drop or shock) loading. Heavy masses are sometime attached to the PCB to accelerate its dynamic response. These masses are usually small in size, so that while changing the total mass of the board and generating significant inertia forces, they do not affect the board's flexural rigidity, nor its response to the in-plane loading. Such a loading is due to the fact that the PCB's contour is non-deformable, and if the drop height and/or the inertia forces are significant, elevated in-plane (“membrane”) stresses arise in the PCB. As a result of that, a non-linear response of the board to the impact load takes place: the relationship between the magnitude of the dynamic load and the PCB deflections becomes essentially non-linear (with a rigid cubic characteristic of the restoring force). The carried out numerical example, although reflects the characteristics of the PCB and loading conditions in an actual experimental setup, should be viewed merely as an illustration to the general concept. This example demonstrates the attributes and the effectiveness of the suggested method. Analytical and FEA predictions are in good agreement. The developed model is helpful in understanding the physics of the problem. It can be used, along with FEA simulations, in the analysis, structural (“physical”) design and accelerated test efforts of electronic systems of the type in question. The obtained results can be easily generalized, if necessary, for PCB's of different aspect ratios and with other boundary conditions, for different distributions of the added masses, etc., and applied, with adequate modifications, to PCB's in actual use conditions as well.