cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biopsy of Skin Lesions

This chapter discusses the complexity of issues to consider when determining to do a relatively easy and inexpensive procedure – punch biopsy. Reviewed are lesions appropriate to diagnose with punch, and absolute contraindications to punch, which are few but serious. Review of data and consensus guidelines are clear regarding pigmented lesions highly suspicious for melanoma but there is no clear cut recommendation for type and size of biopsy for a myriad of other lesions. How to obtain a full thickness tissue sample, closure and wound care is outlined. General points of discussion to be reviewed with patients regarding the goal of the procedure and individual considerations are made.
Prospects of Using a Pulsed Electrostatic Tractor With Nominal Geosynchronous Conditions

The geosynchronous (GEO) orbital regime is becoming cluttered with derelict space debris, which raises the collision risk for satellites in a very valuable orbit. Touchless reorbiting options have been proposed for moving this debris to a graveyard orbit to avoid the risk of physically docking with large, multiton defunct satellites that can be tumbling at several degrees per second. This paper investigates the electrostatic tractor (ET), which uses an electron beam mounted on a tug spacecraft to irradiate a passive debris object. The tug quickly rises to a positive steady-state voltage, and the debris quickly falls to a negative steady-state voltage to create an attractive tugging force. The tug maintains a fixed relative position during the reorbit using inertial thrusting. The Coulomb force can be used as a means of touchless actuation for geosynchronous debris reorbiting, detumbling, and formation flying. This paper investigates the prospects of using a beam with pulsed current. The off-pulsing periods can have benefits for sensing and thrusting applications, and the pulsing charging can lead to higher force levels for the same electrical power used in particular conditions. A Monte Carlo analysis is performed to study the mean electrostatic force, considering a range of beam currents, voltages, pulsing duties cycles, and vehicle sizes. Power-limited regions are identified where the pulsed tractor has a magnitude that is comparable or greater than the mean continuous beam force. This creates interesting alternate methods to implement an ET while having periodic off periods. The tractor performance is illustrated through the debris reorbiting scenario. A detailed equal power analysis determines that even duties cycles as low as 10%–20% can lead to forces comparable to the continuous beam performance, or even do better for some powers.
A particle-tracking technique for spatial and temporal interpolation of satellite images applied to Lake Superior chlorophyll measurements

Abstract Ocean color satellite-derived estimates of water properties are generally discontinuous in spatial and temporal coverage due to cloud cover. We describe a novel method for providing an estimate of continuous distribution of a satellite-derived water property, chlorophyll concentration in Lake Superior. The method uses calculated wind-driven lake circulation from a hydrodynamic model to estimate the evolution of the chlorophyll concentration field between available imagery. This new technique considers hydrodynamic effects by integrating a property-carrying particle model (PCPM) and an Eulerian concentration remapping approach. The PCPM interpolation method uses computational tracer particles that move with the calculated lake currents to represent the chlorophyll field. The concentration associated with each particle is dynamically adjusted toward the satellite-derived chlorophyll field at times and locations where imagery is available and produces a spatially and temporally continuous estimate of the chlorophyll concentration field. One of the important characteristics revealed from the analysis is the seasonally-dependent and region-specific chlorophyll concentration, which is significantly controlled by seasonal hydrodynamic conditions in Lake Superior. Analysis suggests that without adding extra sampling cost, moving a few sampling locations from offshore water to sample the embayments and southern coasts can provide more accurate characterization of the spatial pattern of chlorophyll concentration in Lake Superior. Furthermore, we found that Lake Superior chlorophyll concentrations do not appear to have changed significantly over the past 12 years and likely only slightly or not at all over the last 50 years, which differs from that in the other upper Great Lakes.