cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discrete Empirical Interpolation for nonlinear model reduction

A dimension reduction method called Discrete Empirical Interpolation is proposed and shown to dramatically reduce the computational complexity of the popular Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) method for constructing reduced-order models for unsteady and/or parametrized nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). In the presence of a general nonlinearity, the standard POD-Galerkin technique reduces dimension in the sense that far fewer variables are present, but the complexity of evaluating the nonlinear term remains that of the original problem. Empirical Interpolation posed in finite dimensional function space is a modification of POD that reduces complexity of the nonlinear term of the reduced model to a cost proportional to the number of reduced variables obtained by POD. We propose a Discrete Empirical Interpolation Method (DEIM), a variant that is suitable for reducing the dimension of systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of a certain type. As presented here, it is applicable to ODEs arising from finite difference discretization of unsteady time dependent PDE and/or parametrically dependent steady state problems. However, the approach extends to arbitrary systems of nonlinear ODEs with minor modification. Our contribution is a greatly simplified description of EIM in a finite dimensional setting that possesses an error bound on the quality of approximation. An application of DEIM to a finite difference discretization of the 1-D FitzHugh-Nagumo equations is shown to reduce the dimension from 1024 to order 5 variables with negligible error over a long-time integration that fully captured non-linear limit cycle behavior. We also demonstrate applicability in higher spatial dimensions with similar state space dimension reduction and accuracy results.
Resource Loss and Naturalistic Reduction of PTSD Among Inner-City Women

Halting the process of psychosocial and material resource loss has been theorized as being associated with the reduction of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examines how the limiting of resource loss is related to alleviation of PTSD symptoms among 102 inner-city women, who originally met diagnostic criteria for PTSD after experiencing interpersonal traumatic events such as child abuse, rape, and sexual assault. Participants whose PTSD symptoms improve and become nondiagnostic for PTSD are compared with those who remain diagnostic. The two groups are not significantly different at pretest. However, at the 6-month time point, those who become nondiagnostic for PTSD report less resources loss in three of four domains. This pattern suggests that as PTSD symptoms decrease, women's material and psychosocial resource loss diminishes, which in turn, may aid their recovery process.
Multiple window based minimum variance broadband spatial spectrum estimation

The problem of estimating the power received at an array of sensors as a function of direction for broadband environments is addressed. A multiple-window-based processing scheme is proposed to reduce the variance of the power estimates. The windows are data dependent, and are derived from a linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) criterion. Expressions are derived for the bias and variance of the multiple-window-based estimator assuming the array data covariance is estimated by the sample covariance matrix. Comparison of multiple window estimator variance to the single window LCMV estimator variance indicates that variance reduction is guaranteed and is bounded by the number of windows used. Simulations verify the analytical results and show that the multiple window method has about the same bias as the single window LCMV estimator. The variance reduction factor, pf, is observed to be in the range, 1/r >
Reflections From the Trenches Our Development as Feminist Teachers

In this article, we share our challenges and positive experiences of using feminist pedagogy to teach an undergraduate course on gender development. We use a developmental contextual, feminist perspective to address issues related to (a) internalized sexism, (b) contrasts in student's religious beliefs and sexism, (c) students' developmental level, and (d) teaching intersectionality. In response to the challenges, we offer practical applications of integrating feminist pedagogy in the classroom. Finally, we delineate the ways in which our application of feminist pedagogy has benefited us in our growth and offer suggestions for future research.
Handheld computers and the standards, assessment, accountability movement

Standards, assessment, and accountability movements are changing practices in public education. These changes require extensive data gathering and analysis. Teachers and administrators are overwhelmed by the demands, yet handheld computers offer a means to collect data unobtrusively and in ways that may provide better accountability. Within this article, uses of the handheld computer in the standards charged environment are explored.
Audit, Non-audit and Information Technology Fees: Some Empirical Evidence

This study examines the purchase of non-audit services by SEC audit clients. Effective February 5, 2001, the SEC has required the disclosure and description of audit, non-audit and information technology fees paid to the incumbent auditor. The SEC enacted this rule due to concerns over auditor independence. Our study reviews these disclosed fees contained in the proxy statements of 265 firms since the effective date of the new SEC disclosure rules. The results indicate that the actual incidence and magnitude of non-audit fees is much greater than the information relied upon during the SEC rulemaking deliberations. Consequently, our study calls into question the data used during SEC rule-making process, as well as the clarity of the current audit and non-audit service distinctions. Our results also suggest that the non-audit service landscape has changed dramatically since the last period of publicly available audit fee data (1978-1981). Finally, our results indicate a need for additional research regarding the provision of non-audit services.
Mesoscale Stratocumulus Bands Caused by Gulf Stream Meanders

Abstract Examination of visible and infrared imagery from geosynchronous and polar orbiter satellites reveals the occasional existence of mesoscale cloud bands of unusual width and area, originating over the open northwest Atlantic Ocean during cold-air outbreaks. This phenomenon is of both dynamic and synoptic interest. As a dynamic phenomenon, it represents a mesoscale flow that is driven by transient surface features, which are meanders in the Gulf Stream. The forcing geometry and the resulting cloud pattern are similar in many respects to the anomalous cloud lines observed downwind of Chesapeake and Delaware Bays in similar conditions. These open ocean cloud bands are often of a larger scale, however, because the Gulf Stream meanders represent the largest-scale high-amplitude “coastal features” in the western North Atlantic. These cloud bands are of synoptic interest because, when present, they play a major role in determining the cloud pattern over much of this oceanic region. Examination of surface ...
Development of Cercosporidium personatum in Three Peanut Canopy Layers

Disease progress of late leafspot of peanut caused by Cerro.r.poridiurn personuturn was monitored on the variety ‘Florunner’ in unsprayed plots and in plots sprayed weekly with chlorothalonil (343 pg active ingredient/ ml H,O). The canopy was divided into three vertical semicircular leaf layers, each 15 cm high. Proportions of visible disease (x,,) and defoliation (d) per leaf layer were estimated with a modified Horsfall-Barratt rating system. Total disease ( ) in each leaf layer and per plant were calculated wk the equation Apparent infection rates (sensu Vanderplank) were calculated for x,,, d, and in each leaf layer and for the total plant canopy. Rates of disease increase and defoliation on sprayed and unsprayed tissue were not significantly different (P = 0.05). Disease severity in plots sprayed with chlorothalonil usually lagged three to five days behind disease in unsprayed plots. The disease components, x,,, d, and were greatest in the bottom canopy layer. The rate of3efoliation in the top leaf layer of unsprayed plots was significantly slower (P = 0.05) than that in the other two leaf layers, possibly because of dilution by the new plant growth. Chlorothalonil spravs reduced initial disease but did not reduce the rate of increase of C., persontittim. xt = [(I-d) * X, + d]. The peanut (Armhis hypogaeti L.) is the thirteenth most important crop plant grown for food in the tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate zones of the world (9). Peanut production is limited by numerous plant diseases. The most prevalent of these diseases are the early and late leafspots caused by Cercosporu uruchidicolu Hori (Myco.yphaerellu artichidicola Jenkins) and Cercosporicliiim personuturn (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton (M. licr-kele yii Jenkins), respectively. Worldwide economic losses are estimated at 15 to 50 percent of final yield annually (5, 8). Lesions resulting from both fungi develop on leaves, petioles, stems, gynophores, and pods. These diseases can defoliate the plant and cause a reduction in yield. Defoliation results in the reduction of the dry weight of stems, pods, and seeds (2). Chemicals are widely used for control of Cercospora leafspots (10, 11, 13). However, there are few reports on the effect of these chemicals on the rate of disease progress throughout a growing season (4). Fungicides generally slow the rate of disease progress and do not affect the initial level
Activity of nanostructured C@ETS-10 sorbent for capture of volatile radioactive iodine from gas stream

Abstract ETS-10 supported hollow carbon nanostructured polyhedron adsorbent, C@ETS-10, was synthesized by wet impregnation method to evaluate removal of iodine from off-gas stream from a used nuclear fuel reprocessing operation. The characteristics of the adsorbent were investigated by various techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), revealing uniform hollow carbon nanostructured polyhedrons with particle size 10–30 nm supported onto ETS-10. The total BET surface area of 10 wt% C@ETS-10 adsorbent was 149 m2 g−1. The performance of C@ETS-10 nanostructured adsorbent for capture of volatile iodine from gas stream was determined as a function of parameters such as the carbon loading, operating temperatures and empty bed contact time (EBCT). Observed sorption capacity of adsorbent was 28.9 mg g−1 of volatile iodine at 20 °C without any chemical reaction with sorbent. The maximum dynamic capacity of a column of 10 wt% C@ETS-10 was calculated to be 40 mg g−1. The nanostructured adsorbent has potential to capture environmental impact of radionuclide off-gas emission from nuclear industry.
Depth and Perversity

In the seminar on Algebraic Geometry (SGA 2) concerning the theorems of Lefschetz type ([G]) A. Grothendieck showed that the notion of depth introduced for rings and modules could be understood through the vanishing of adequate cohomologies. The topological counterpart of this notion of depth in homotopy and rational cohomology are related to the classical theorem of Lefschetz on hyperplane sections. The analogy between topology and commutative algebra led A. Grothendieck to formulate several conjectures which appear to be true (see [H-L]).
Detection and Lateralization of Binaural Signals

A simple theory, based on the inter-aural difference of the time of stimulation that results from the difference of phase and/or the difference of level at the two ears when an antiphasic signal is presented in noise, is shown to be inadequate to account for the facts of binaural detection and lateralization. The evidence supports the conclusion that both time information and intensity information are furnished to the binaural nervous system, and that the information is utilized differently for detection from what it is for lateralization. Some combinations of time and intensity result in chance performance in lateralization while still permitting a good level of detection. No theory at the present time can account in detail for the phenomena discussed.ResumeUne simple theorie qui ne se baserait que sur la difference interauriculaire par rapport au moment de stimulation, difference qui resulte de la variation de phase et/ou d'intensite percue par les deux oreilles quand le signal antiphasique se presente ...
High Resolution 2-Dimensional Electrophoretic Analysis of Proteins in Saline Bladder Washings

Human urine contains a spectrum of proteins derived from various organs in the body. This investigation was undertaken to identify a group of proteins secreted primarily by bladder urothelium. Saline bladder washouts were collected from 9 male and 4 female patients undergoing routine cystoscopic examination. Each sample was sieved, desalted, freeze-dried and solubilized in urea mix. identical amounts of proteins were pooled according to donor sex. All individual and pooled samples were then subjected to 2-dimensional gel analysis using the ISO-DALT system. Profiles of both groups of subjects were highly reproducible, comparable and resembled those of urine and plasma. Several hundred spots were visualized although most of them as yet remain unrecognized. The proteins identified in bladder washouts include albumin, transferrin, IgG gamma-heavy chain, Gc-globulin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, G4, IgG light chains, alpha 1-microglobulin, and low and high density lipoproteins. Most importantly, while some abundant urinary macromolecules such as Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein and most acidic urinary proteins were undetectable, albumin and transferrin were relatively less expressed. The 2-dimensional profiles we developed can be used as a data base to study urothelium derived proteins in various disease conditions such as bladder cancer.
The AgroEcoSystem (AgES) Response-Function Model Simulates Layered Soil-Water Dynamics in Semiarid Colorado: Sensitivity and Calibration

Simulation of vertical soil hydrology is a critical component of predicting more complex multidimensional soil water dynamics in space and time. The AgroEcoSystem (AgES) model is identified here as a single land-unit application of the three-dimensional AgES-W (Watershed) model. AgES simulates vertical soil water dynamics using global and layered soil response functions with conceptual storages as state variables. A detailed description of the response functions that control infiltration, evaporation, and soil-water processes facilitates sensitivity analysis, model calibration, and evaluation against volumetric soil-water content (SWC) at measured layers. The Object Modeling System links AgES to a Shuffled Complex Evolution calibration tool called Luca. We used Luca and fractional factorial experimental designs to analyze parameter sensitivities, then applied different strategies of implementing Luca to layered SWC data. The profile dynamics of the simulated SWC resulted in depth-averaged Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) values of 0.60 to 0.95 for calibration in 2003 and 2005, and up to 0.80 for 4 yr used for (cross-)evaluation. Using the 2005 calibration parameters, NSE became negative in 2009 and 2011 due to large negative values at some depths with low variance in SWC. Optimal parameter sets for each calibration year were not unique, and model results did not fully capture the measured dynamics. Even so, AgES simulations compared favorably with previous simulations of SWC at this site using a Richards’ equation model. These results provide new understanding of the model responses and interactions between functions controlling the vertical flow and storage of water to aid watershed modeling.
Cellulose Microfibril Twist, Mechanics, and Implication for Cellulose Biosynthesis

All-atom molecular dynamics simulations with explicit water solvent were used to investigate the microstructure and conformational dynamics of cellulose Iβ microfibrils as a function of microfibril length and cross-sectional size and shape. Cellulose microfibrils quickly develop a right-handed twist, which then remains stable over the entire 10 ns simulation time. The helical angle is independent of microfibril length and inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area, in accord with the expectations of continuum theory for an intrinsic chiral twist that is opposed by torsional shear. These calculations provide-to our knowledge-the first estimates of the shear modulus of a cellulose microfibril from MD simulations. The internal strains caused by this helical twist, propagated indefinitely along the microfibril axis, could be relaxed by periodic regions of amorphous structure along the axis of the cellulose microfibrils.
Atmospheric Oxidation of Tetrachloroethylene: An Ab Initio Study

A number of experimental studies have been conducted to determine the atmospheric oxidation of tetrachloroethylene, many indicating phosgene as the major product. Although various mechanisms have been suggested, the mechanism of phosgene production is unclear. Additionally, confusion has arisen over the role chlorine atoms may play in the oxidation of tetrachloroethylene and the products produced. To clarify these points, this study presents a comprehensive computational study of both the hydroxyl radical and the chlorine atom initiated atmospheric oxidation mechanism of tetrachloroethylene. The energetics for the oxidation of tetrachloroethylene (C2Cl4) are computed using ab initio methods. Potential energy surfaces of the reaction pathways are determined from the computations. This study clarifies the involvement of the Cl-initiated reaction pathways in the oxidation of tetrachloroethylene. Results from this work suggest that the final products are primarily from the Cl-initiated oxidation and include: ...
No contradiction in nonleptonic decays of D mesons

We point out that there is no contradiction among the uniformly populated Dalitz plot for D/sup +/ ..-->.. ..pi../sup +/..pi../sup +/K/sup -/ decay, a relation derived by applying the soft-pion theorem to its amplitude, and the new experimental data on B (D/sup 0/ ..-->.. ..pi../sup 0/K-bar/sup 0/)/B (D/sup +/ ..-->.. ..pi../sup +/..pi../sup +/K/sup -/) and tau (D/sup +/)/tau (D/sup 0/).
Draft Genome Sequence of Organophosphate-Degrading Ochrobactrum anthropi FRAF13

ITALIC! Ochrobactrum anthropiFRAF13 was isolated from farmland soil in Jersey Village, Texas. FRAF13 is a bacterial microorganism with broad antibiotic resistance that possesses a number of metal-dependent β-lactam enzymes with secondary phosphotriesterase activity that can initiate the breakdown of organophosphate compounds.
A Case of Pulmonary Cryptococcosis in Healthy Person

Cryptococcosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. This mycosis is best known for meningeal involvement, yet, this disease rarely can be limited to the lungs. The usual portal of entry is respiratory tract. The recently rising incidence of the disease can be attributable to wide use of steroid, immunosuppressive agents and advent of AIDS. We experienced one case of pulmonary cryptococcosis in healthy person, who was admitted to the our hospital because of cough. Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated in the sputum, and lung tissue obtained by CT guide needle aspiration biopsy. Clinical improvement was noted after 6weeks of medical therapy with fluconazole.
Damage Analysis and Countermeasures for ±500 kV Jiangcheng D.C.Transmission Line Insulators

The cause of a flashover,broken string of ±500 kV Jiangcheng D.C.transmission line ceramic insulators during the ice damage in early 2008 is investigated and analyzed,focusing on the test about electrical and mechanical properties.Based on operating experience and test results,it is preliminary analyzed that the actual icing is far beyond the transmission line design standards,resulting insulator damaged by long-term bear overload.It is suggested that the porcelain insulator should be replaced by composite insulators in the points and sections in icing damage area,and other sections should be enhanced on surveillance and detection.
Effects of a beta-adrenergic agonist (L-644,969) and male sex condition on muscle growth and meat quality of callipyge lambs

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary administration of a beta-adrenergic agonist (BAA; L-644,969) and male sex condition (ram vs wether) on muscle growth and meat quality of Dorset x Romonov lambs believed to be heterozygous for the callipyge gene. At approximately 17 wk of age, lambs were blocked by weight within each sex condition and randomly assigned to BAA treatment group. The interaction of BAA and male sex condition was not significant for any of the traits measured. Rams had greater initial and final live weights, average daily gain, and hot carcass weight (P .05) from wethers with respect to any of the carcass traits, possibly because the wethers were so lean and heavily-muscled that there was little room for improvement. Kidney-pelvic fat weight was reduced 26% by BAA (P .05) by BAA or male sex condition. Administration of BAA increased calpastatin activity at 20 d (1.1 vs 1.5 units/g), but not at 0 h (3.9 vs 4.8 units/g) postmortem, decreased myofibril fragmentation index (60.7 vs 44.9), and increased shear force (8.2 vs 10.9 kg) at 20 d postmortem (P < .05). These data suggest that muscle growth rates are near maximum in lambs expressing the callipyge gene, regardless of male sex condition or BAA treatment. Therefore, it seems that the callipyge gene exerts most, but not all, of its effect through intracellular events similar to those initiated by administering BAA.
Development, Implementation and Evaluation of a Longitudinal Interprofessional Education Project

Abstract Background A collaborative, interprofessional approach is required to provide high-quality care for patients with multiple chronic conditions. Health professional education is challenged to provide students opportunities to practice team-based care. Purpose This longitudinal project embedded learning activities for interprofessional teams of students to experience collaborative practice and practice team-based care using simulation. Method Faculty ( N = 18) from nursing, medicine, pharmacy, social work, and dietetics created a series of interprofessional learning activities. Interprofessional teams of students ( N = 81) conducted four simulated primary care visits with a standardized patient having multiple chronic conditions. Pre- and post- surveys measured students' perceptions of interprofessional practice, roles, and teamwork. Discussion Students engaged in shared, patient-centered care during the simulated clinic visits. Students' perceived understanding of interprofessional roles and responsibilities, ability to work in teams, and clinical reasoning significantly increased. Conclusions This project allowed health professions students to practice team-based care in a realistic but protected environment.
STUDIES ON AGRANULOCYTOSIS. VII. LIMITED PROLIFERATIVE POTENTIAL OF CPZ-SENSITIVE PATIENTS.

Abstract The bone marrow of chlorpromazine-sensitive patients is devoid of DNA-synthesizing cells during agranulocytosis. Incubation of marrow cells from CPZ-sensitive patients with H 3 -thymidine, for 3 hours under standard conditions, results in a significantly lower per cent of labeled granulocytes as compared with nonsensitive normas and various persons of comparable age. The rate of incorporation of H 3 -thymidine was measured in vitro in a 5 hour culture of marrow cells and expressed as the index of cell division. Two CPZ-sensitive persons showed a lower index of cell division than did normal subjects. Marrow cells from CPZ-sensitive persons incubated with CPZ in vitro failed to divide. Morrow cells from normal subjects, treated in the same manner, divided, even though the index of cell division in the presence of CPZ lagged behind that of control preparations. Agranulocytosis may result if a person with limited marrow proliferative potential is treated with a drug that depresses nucleic-acid synthesis.
The Myth of Sten’ka Razin

If the myth-event is the “break-through” in society of the inherent values to which history is believed committed, it is quite logical that Soviet playwrights wishing to contribute to the mystique would comb their national history for popular representatives who had revolted against the established order. Russian history did not lack rebels, but it was deficient in rebels who had their origin in the proletariat, and this was a constant point of embarrassment to rigid Marxists. But if the proletariat was unable to provide the necessary heroes, the peasantry could; and it was the early peasant rebellions which now attracted the attention of writers eager to document continuity between the old and the new.
Spotlight on the positive effects of the ladybird Harmonia axyridis on agriculture

In the midst of considerable negativity surrounding the ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), this paper sheds some light on the positive effects that this predator has had on agriculture. Using resources available at the USDA, National Agricultural Library (DigiTop literature database, Navigator platform), I searched the abstracts of published literature on H. axyridis using the search term “Harmonia axyridis” or “Leis axyridis.” After deleting duplicate records, there were 1193 total records on this ladybird in the database dating from 1961–2015. Of this total, 90 records (7.54 %) highlighted positive effects of H. axyridis on agriculture in terms of its spectacular voracity, predation capacity, and effectiveness in suppressing plant pests, primarily aphids and scales, in forests, orchards, crop fields, gardens, greenhouses, and in laboratory bioassays. More concerted research is necessary to develop methodologies to exploit the positive behaviors of H. axyridis, while managing its negative ones.
Transboundary Initiatives and Snow Leopard Conservation

Abstract Snow leopards are known to cross international boundaries. Such boundaries can create barriers to the effective understanding and conservation of the species. Transboundary cooperation facilitates scientific research and monitoring of populations. Joint research programs can eliminate duplication, enlarge perspectives and pool skills, standardize research methods, and share data and lessons learned. Neighboring states, which often have different levels of technical expertise, knowledge, capacity, and financial resources, can benefit by combining their respective strengths through transboundary cooperation. Poaching and illegal trade across boundaries are also better controlled by transboundary cooperation. This chapter discusses the rationale (and pitfalls) of transboundary efforts and notes projects and initiatives that have sought to facilitate transboundary cooperation on the conservation of snow leopard.
A Personal Challenge of Veteran Integration

This essay discusses the personal experiences of a US Army soldier transitioning from military life to academia, focusing on lessons of isolation learned from the author’s experiences teaching foreign soldiers and then international students. These lessons can inform our approach to successful veteran integration into our classrooms and into our broader campus communities.
The Impact of Phase-Shifter Sharing on Beam Parameters in Optically Steered Antenna Arrays

We study the robustness of an optically controlled phased aray in the face of phase shift inaccuracies. The array employs a recently-introduced optical phase shifter based on a piezo-electric crystal. The advantages that such shifters entail in terms of alleviating control requirements are achieved at the expense of higher sensitivity to phase shift errors. The paper borrows the interleaving technique from coding theory to change the internal architecture of the array. The result is a partial restoration of beamshape properties degraded by the sharing of one phase shifter by many antennas.
In Memoriam: Dr. Jack Child

Professor Jack Child of American University was the very model of a distinguished career of scholarship, teaching, and service to the profession. He published fourteen books and monographs, including Miniature Messages: The Semiotics and Politics of Latin American Postage Stamps (Duke UP, 2008), for which Jack was awarded the MACLAS Arthur P. Whitaker Prize. He also published countless book chapters and articles in journals such as the Studies in Popular Culture in Latin America, Latin American Research Review, Third World Affairs, and Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs to name just a few. His “Latin Lebensraum: the Geopolitics of Iberoamerican Antarctica,” ( Applied Geography 1990) was awarded the Harold Eugene Davis Prize in 1991. He was also a regular contributor to our own Latin American Essays , and was awarded the James L. Street Prize in 2001 for “The Central American Peace Process: The Role of International Organizations.” Thus, Jack was a “triple crown” recipient of the three faculty awards given by MACLAS.
Adaptive noise filtering for single photon Lidar observations

The large amount of noise returns in single photon Lidar (SPL) point clouds represent a significant challenge for the utilization of these new generation laser scanning systems. Numerous filtering methods have been proposed that attempt to effectively remove noise points from the final point cloud model. However, weak signal points have similar characteristics as noise returns, and thus can be incorrectly eliminated with noise points during the filtering process. Herein, a novel voxel-spherical adaptive ellipsoid searching (VS-AES) method is proposed, by which weak signal returns can be successfully retained while still removing a majority of the noise points. By employing this voxel-spherical (VS) model, our proposed method can simultaneously process a combined SPL data set containing multiple flightlines, in which the noise density is unevenly distributed throughout the whole data set. In addition, an improved adaptive ellipsoid searching (AES) method based on hypothesis testing is developed that is able to remove noise points more robustly than the original version. The experimental results show that the proposed method retains 89.1% of the weak signal point returns from power transmission lines, which is a significant improvement over the performance of either the original AES method (25.9%) or a histogram filtering method (13.4%).
Anomaly detection and productivity analysis for cyber-physical systems in manufacturing

Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) which can be defined by the integration of a physical process with network communication and computing is a key concept for smart manufacturing. Analysis of complex machines as CPS can support anomaly detection and diagnosis by providing the required data to model different operational conditions. In this work, we develop a hybrid model of manufacturing machines to estimate operational state based on machine functionality, dynamics, and interactions. We used the identification of a Global Operational State (GOS) to help partition, provide context to signals, and monitor the time of sub-tasks in a manufacturing process. Partitioning a signal based on GOS can improve anomaly detection and diagnosis. Monitoring duration of sub-tasks in the process can provide a detailed insight of cycle time and improve productivity analysis. The proposed approach was implemented using data from an automotive assembly plant to detect backlash and parts slipping in a conveyor system by monitoring energy signature and state variables.
Collared Lizard Juveniles Use Caudal Displays while Stalking Prey

Abstract Caudal displays that lure or divert the attention of prey are well documented in legless squamates that use sit-and-wait foraging. By contrast, empirical evidence that caudal displays serve to distract prey is lacking in legged lizards. Preliminary observations suggested that juvenile Collared Lizards (Crotaphytus collaris) may give caudal displays when stalking arthropods. Therefore, we conducted field experiments involving introduction of tethered grasshoppers to test whether free-ranging lizards performed more caudal displays when they were stalking prey. Results revealed that lizards performed tail displays more frequently and longer when they were stalking than when not stalking tethered prey. Our results appear to be the first experimental support for the hypothesis that legged lizards use caudal displays when stalking prey, perhaps to distract the attention of prey away from the mouth. Combined with other published results, we demonstrate that caudal displays play a role in both foraging a...
Hybrid Graduate Education: Assessing Student Comfort with Technology Interventions

This pilot study examines a cohort of fourteen, doctoral, graduate students over the last year and one-half of their hybrid (both face-to-face and on-line) program. This study’s purpose was to determine their level of comfort with the new technologies (Web 2.0 software) both before and after intended learning interventions. Several theoretical models concerning technology users’ preferences, attitudes, tasks, Task-Technology Fit (TTF), and student engagement provided frameworks for a conceptual model for the eventual course design, assignments, and learning interventions (Hersey & Blanchard, 1977; Davis, 1986; Davis et al., 1989; Goodhue & Thompson, 1995; Zigurs & Buckland, 1998; Kearsley & Shneiderman, 1999). Students were assessed by an instrument both before and after this portion of their program using a summated “comfort” scale over the technology interventions used in the program. Instrument reliability of .82 was estimated using the Guttman Split-Half Method. Overall results over nine technology areas: before (M = 32.29, SD = 7.18) and after (M = 39.93, SD = 5.42) revealed more comfort over time and technology use (p <.01). At the single item technology level, greatest increases in comfort were with instant messaging (1.07, d = .88), online chat (1.07, d = .86), online discussions (1.14, d = 1.04), talking with people over the Internet (1.78, d = 1.39), and videoconferencing via the Internet (1.57, d = 1.10). Mature adult learners can embrace technology to accomplish tasks in the educational environment. Planning, course design, syllabus construction, and appropriate learning interventions are critical for program success. Once “comfort” with the technologies has been established at both the individual and group levels, task performance increases.
Interspecies Variations in Pharmacokinetics: A Perspective

As part of the pharmacokinetic ground plan, interspecies variations are considered and treated as a property and consequence of body size (allometry) and longevity. In 10 mammalian species other than man, antipyrine intrinsic clearance of unbound drug (CLuint, liters/min) is given (1) by the following alldmetric relationship:
Models of Multitask Situations

This tutorial discusses models that predict the loss in quality of performance of multiple tasks, which occurs as a direct result of that multiplicity. It is often assumed therefore that this multiplicity induces competition for some scarce commodity which we label “resources.” At issue is whether one can predict the loss in quality given characteristics of (a) the processing on each task in isolation, and (b) the relation between tasks.
8 Genetic Methods for Bacteroides Species

Publisher Summary Bacteroides are Gram-negative obligate anaerobes. Although Bacteroides have a Gram-negative cell envelope, they are not members of the Escherichia coli phylogenetic group but belong to a phylogenetic group that is more distantly related to E. coli than the Gram-positive bacteria. Given this, it is not surprising that E. coli plasmids, even the supposedly broad host range ones, do not replicate in Bacteroides and E. coli promoters do not work in Bacteroides. The Bacteroides phylogenetic group contains a number of important members. Bacteroides are one of the numerically predominant genera of bacteria in the human colon. Bacteroides spp. such as Bucteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are opportunistic human pathogens. Bacteroides infections have become a problem due to increasing antibiotic resistance in this group. Most of the resistance genes are on mobile elements.
Neuroimaging of itch as a tool of assessment of chronic itch and its management.

Chronic itch is a multidimensional physical state strongly associated with emotional and cognitive aspects of suffering that causes the urge to scratch. Pathophysiology, psychological stress, and social milieu can influence itch. Here, we review brain neuroimaging research in humans that detects functional and anatomic changes in health and disease states. New data are emerging that are shaping our understanding of itch mechanisms and scratching—the behavioral response as well as the effect of treatments and brain dynamics during itch. Future developments will continue to expand our knowledge of itch mechanisms, allowing translation to clinical assessment and novel therapies focused on the brain, the final relay of itch transmission.
Two Approaches to the Distinction between Cognition and 'Mere Association'

The standard methodology of comparative psychology has long relied upon a distinction between cognition and ‘mere association’; cognitive explanations of nonhuman animals behaviors are only regarded as legitimate if associative explanations for these behaviors have been painstakingly ruled out. Over the last ten years, however, a crisis has broken out over the distinction, with researchers increasingly unsure how to apply it in practice. In particular, a recent generation of psychological models appear to satisfy existing criteria for both cognition and association. Salvaging the standard methodology of comparative psychology will thus require significant conceptual redeployment . In this article, I trace the historical development of the distinction in comparative psychology,distinguishing two styles of approach. The first style tries to make out the distinction in terms of the properties of psychological models, for example by focusing on criteria like the presence of rules & propositions vs. links & nodes. The second style of approach attempts to operationalize the distinction by use of specific experimental tests for cognition performed on actual animals. I argue that neither style of criteria is self-sufficient, and both must cooperate in an iterative empirical investigation into the nature of animal minds if the distinction is to be reformed.
Laser therapy for treatment of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis: An American Academy of Periodontology best evidence review.

Background Peri-implant diseases are prevalent, with numerous therapies studied in an attempt to combat this condition. The present review aims to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of laser therapy with non-surgical or surgical therapy in managing peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Methods An electronic search of three databases and a hand search of peer-reviewed journals for relevant articles published (in English) from January 1980 to June 2016 were performed. Human clinical trials of ≥ 10 patients with peri-implant diseases, treated with surgical or non-surgical approaches and laser therapy, and a follow-up period of ≥ 6 months, were included. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to analyze weighted mean difference (WMD) and confidence interval for the recorded variables according to PRISMA guidelines. Risk of bias assessment was also performed for randomized controlled trials included. Results From 22 articles selected, 11 were included in the meta-analyses. The outcomes of using lasers as a monotherapy could not be evaluated since no controlled studies were identified. Therefore, all reported results were the outcomes of applying lasers as an adjunct to surgical/non-surgical treatment. For the non-surgical approach, WMD of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), marginal bone level (MBL) and recession (REC) was 0.15 mm (P = 0.50), -0.10 mm (P = 0.32), 21.08% (P = 0.02), -0.07 (P = 0.002), -0.22 mm (P = 0.04) and -0.11 mm (P = 0.34), respectively. For the surgical approach with a long-term follow up, WMD of PD, CAL, BOP, and PI was 0.45 mm (P = 0.11), 0.22 mm (P = 0.56), 7.26% (P = 0.76) and -0.09 (P = 0.84), respectively. Conclusions Current evidence shows laser therapy in combination with surgical/non-surgical therapy provided minimal benefit in PD reduction, CAL gain, amount of REC improvement, and PI reduction in the treatment of peri-implant diseases. Lasers when used as an adjunct to non-surgical therapy might result in more BOP reduction in the short term. However, current evidence allowed for analysis of only Er:YAG, CO2 , and diode lasers. Studies on others failed to have controlled evidence supporting their evaluation.
Academic Needs in Middle School: Perspectives of Parents and Youth with Autism

Youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) without intellectual disability frequently experience academic problems, in part due to executive functioning (EF) deficits. There are currently no evidence-based interventions targeting academic EF skills for middle school youth with ASD. An intervention is currently in development. This paper reports on a "proof of concept" uncontrolled trial of the intervention, and focus groups with parents and youth to inform tailoring and adaptation of the intervention. Results of the trial suggest high feasibility/satisfaction, but a need for further adaptation to promote uptake by youth with ASD. Results from the focus groups confirmed the need for an intervention targeting academic EF skills, successful strategies in use, and the need to promote increased youth independence.
Editorial: Making Sense of Youth Psychotherapy Dropout From Depression Treatment

Adolescent depression is a prevalent disorder that increases risk for significant functional impairment and suicidality.1-3 Several psychotherapies are available, and it has been widely assumed that failure to complete these therapies will undermine benefit. The important study by O'Keeffe et al. raises questions about that assumption.4.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, FALLS, AND FALL INJURIES: THE STUDY OF WOMEN’S HEALTH ACROSS THE NATION

Physical activity (PA) is positively associated with physical functioning, but relations of domain-specific PA with falls is less clear. In 2015, women (n=1,962) self-reported fall history and PA. The Kaiser Physical Activity Survey (KPAS) assessed sports, non-sports leisure, household/caregiving, and total activity. Risk ratios (RR) were generated from poisson regression. One-third (29.7%) of women (mean age=65.1 years [SD 2.7]) reported ≥1 fall and 18.3% reported ≥1 fall injury in the previous 12 months. Women in the highest quartile of sports activity had an increased risk of ≥1 fall (RR=1.19;95%CI:1.00,1.41;p=0.049). Women in the highest quartile of total activity had an increased risk of injurious falls (RR=1.31;95%CI:1.04,1.65;p=0.021), but there was no association for domain-specific indices. KPAS may identify women and activity domains, such as sports, at high risk for falls and injuries. Future work should incorporate device-based PA assessments within domains to understand fall patterns among community-dwelling older adult women.
Counter-Wound Normal-Mode Helical Antenna as an Electrically Small Electro-Quasi-Static Exciter

An electrically small electro-quasi-static exciter is demonstrated using a counter-wound normal-mode helical antenna. The arms are counter-rotated to cancel the generation of magnetic fields in the quasi-static regime. The field equations are derived and verified to show the degradation of magnetic fields with minimal effects to the electric field. The long wire lengths give sinusoidal current distribution and fields that are not strongly dependent on the feed structure. As a result, the measured electro-quasi-static field agrees well with the dipole behavior over long ranges. In addition, the circuit model for the antenna is presented and verified with measurements.
A Dual Reporter EndoC-βH1 Human β-Cell Line for Efficient Quantification of Calcium Flux and Insulin Secretion

Human in vitro model systems of diabetes are critical to both study disease pathophysiology and offer a platform for drug testing. We have generated a set of tools in the human β-cell line EndoC-βH1 that allows the efficient and inexpensive characterization of β-cell physiology and phenotypes driven by disruption of candidate genes. First, we generated a dual reporter line that expresses a preproinsulin-luciferase fusion protein along with GCaMP6s. This reporter line allows the quantification of insulin secretion by measuring luciferase activity and calcium flux, a critical signaling step required for insulin secretion, via fluorescence microscopy. Using these tools, we demonstrate that the generation of the reporter human β-cell line was highly efficient and validated that luciferase activity could accurately reflect insulin secretion. Second, we used a lentiviral vector carrying the CRISPR-Cas9 system to generate candidate gene disruptions in the reporter line. We also show that we can achieve gene disruption in ~90% of cells using a CRISPR-Cas9 lentiviral system. As a proof of principle, we disrupt the β-cell master regulator, PDX1, and show that mutant EndoC-βH1 cells display impaired calcium responses and fail to secrete insulin when stimulated with high glucose. Furthermore, we show that PDX1 mutant EndoC-βH1 cells exhibit decreased expression of the β-cell-specific genes MAFA and NKX6.1 and increased GCG expression. The system presented here provides a platform to quickly and easily test β-cell functionality in wildtype and cells lacking a gene of interest.
BAFF Produced by Neutrophils and Dendritic Cells Is Regulated Differently and Has Distinct Roles in Antibody Responses and Protective Immunity against West Nile Virus.

B cell activating factor (BAFF) is essential for B cells to develop and respond to Ags. Dysregulation of BAFF contributes to the development of some autoimmune diseases and malignancies. Little is known about when, where, and how BAFF is produced in vivo and about which BAFF-producing cells contribute to B cell responses. To better understand BAFF functions, we created BAFF reporter (BAFF-RFP) mice and Baff floxed (Bafffl/fl ) mice. Splenic and bone marrow neutrophils (Nphs) from BAFF-RFP mice expressed the highest constitutive levels of BAFF; other myeloid subsets, including conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and monocyte (MO) subsets, expressed lower levels. Treatment of BAFF-RFP mice with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid increased BAFF expression in splenic Ly6Chi inflammatory MOs, CD11bhi activated NK subset, and in bone marrow myeloid precursors. Postinfection with West Nile virus (WNV), BAFF increased in CD8- cDCs and Nphs, and BAFF+ CD11bhi NK cells expanded in draining lymph nodes. The cell- and tissue-specific increases in BAFF expression were dependent on type I IFN signaling. MAVS also was required or contributed to BAFF expression in dendritic cell and MO subsets, respectively. Mice with deletion of Baff in either cDCs or Nphs had reduced Ab responses after NP-Ficoll immunization; thus, BAFF produced by both cDCs and Nphs contributes to T cell-independent Ab responses. Conversely, mice with a cDC Baff deficiency had increased mortality after WNV infection and decreased WNV-specific IgG and neutralizing Ab responses. BAFF produced by Nphs and cDCs is regulated differently and has key roles in Ab responses and protective immunity.