cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assisting gay men to maintain safer sex : an evaluation of an AIDS service organization's safer sex maintenance program

As the second decade of the AIDS crisis unfolds, increasing concern has been raised that the widespread adoption of condom use that occurred among gay men in the 1980s is not being maintained. Most interventions to promote condom use among gay men are delivered by community-based organizations via programs that are virtually undocumented; little is known about their effectiveness, or the processes by which they may work. This study describes safer sex practices among self-identified gay men following their participation in an intervention developed and implemented by a community-based organization. The intervention was designed to enhance men's attitudes, beliefs, and self-efficacy expectations to maintain safer sex. Among 150 men with complete data at both assessments, self-reported condom use was low. Men reported using condoms more consistently for anal sexual behavior than oral sexual behavior, but there were men who reported consistent unprotected anal sexual intercourse. The intervention had little impact on patterns of behavior over time, although desired changes in attitudes, beliefs, and self-efficacy expectations were evidenced following the intervention. The results suggest the importance of assisting community-based organizations to document program models. Findings also suggest that community-based organizations can develop interventions to successfully enhance factors that theoretically support maintenance of safer sexual behaviors.
What do New Cardiovascular Agents (e.g. Antiarrhythmic Drugs) Have to Show to Establish a Favorable Risk versus Benefit Ratio to Obtain Approvability? — Clinical Viewpoint

The requirements for drug approvability from a clinical viewpoint do not differ from those stated by the Food and Drug Administration. They should include documentation of symptomatic relief in patients with troublesome symptoms and/or documentation of the prevention or reduction of clinical complications associated with arrhythmias (eg. sudden cardiac death) and, moreover, evidence of safety and tolerability. The evaluation of antiarrhythmic compounds is complex and several methodological issues need to be considered.
Equilibrium and Dynamical Path Integral Methods in Bacterial Photosynthesis

Summary Classical molecular dynamics simulations have provided a wealth of information on processes in biological systems. In spite of the spectacular success and the insights gained from such simulations, processes involving electron or exciton transfer are inherently quantum mechanical and thus not amenable to a classical description. This chapter focuses on the use of path integral methods for simulating the equilibrium and dynamical properties of charged particles in dissipative environments. Feynman’s path integral theory is an exact formulation of time-dependent quantum mechanics and quantum statistical mechanics that circumvents the use of wave functions, whose storage requirements are prohibitive for systems of more than a few atoms. The calculation of thermal equilibrium properties in non-fermionic systems is possible with the well-established path integral Monte Carlo method. Dynamical processes involve multidimensional integrals of rapidly oscillating functions; Monte Carlo methods converge extremely slowly in such cases, and thus fully quantum mechanical simulations of real-time processes generally remain out of reach. In the case of electron (or exciton) transfer processes, the so-called linear response approximation makes it possible to replace the vast majority of nuclear coordinates by an effective dissipative environment of harmonic oscillators. This simplifi cation allows a fully quantum mechanical treatment of the dynamics using an iterative decomposition of the path integral developed in the mid-1990s. Applications of these methods to determine the exciton coherence length in the B850 ring of the light harvesting complex (LH2) and the mechanism of primary charge separation in the photosynthetic reaction center are reviewed. Path integral calculations, along with a visual inspection of statistically signifi cant paths, led to the conclusion that the exciton is delocalized over two to three chlorophyll monomers at room temperature.
Foreign Sovereign Immunity in a Hyper Globalized World

The recent economic downturn substantiated the interconnectedness of all nations; not a single developed nation escaped unscathed from the global meltdown. Any vestiges of isolationism that existed in the 20th century have since evaporated. We are in the throws of a paradigm shift towards "pervasive interdependancy"; an era where all nations, rich or poor, land-locked or island, democratic or dictatorial, sink or swim together. This increasing interconnectedness has shaken the international legal landscape to its very core. Longstanding laws and traditions are being forced to function in a world radically different from the days those laws were conceived. Even relatively recent laws are being forced to grapple with the strange new paradigm of "instant global commerce" and rapidly shifting diplomatic alliances (e.g. China our enemy to China our friend). This paper asserts how one important law, the Foreign Sovereign Immunity Act (FSIA) has failed to adapt to the newly established hyper-globalized paradigm, and analyzes the implications this has on the ability of the Executive branch to pursue foreign policy objectives.
A Transformation Proof of the Collinearity of the Circumcenter, Orthocenter, and Centroid of a Triangle.

ONE of the arguments in support of a transformation approach to high school geometry is that mapping techniques often greatly simplify the proofs of important theorems. The well-known result con tained in the title of this article is an excellent example of a theorem that lends itself to a proof by transformations. It has long been a favorite ploy of ge ometry teachers to have students con struct the circumcenter (0), orthocenter (H), and centroid (G) of a triangle in the
Frame-Based Randomized Scheduling of Packets with Random-Deadlines for Multi-Flow Wireless Networks.

Abstract The use of wireless communications in industrial applications has motivated various advances in manufacturing automation by allowing more flexibility in installing wireless sensors and actuators than their wired counterparts. The main challenge in industrial wireless deployment is the strict timing and reliability requirements in these systems. Industrial wireless networks are commonly characterized by strict packet deadlines. As a result, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocols have been widely exploited in various technologies due to their ease of implementation and packet collision avoidance. Moreover, the use of frame-based protocols is motivated by the need for short processing times at the edge nodes of the network. In this work, we consider the problem of scheduling multiple data flows over a wireless network operating in an industrial environment. These flows are characterized by random strict deadlines for each packet following a given probability distribution. Each of these flows may represent the data coming from a sensor to the controller or the control commands from the controller to an actuator. A randomized frame-based scheduling scheme is analyzed where each time slot in the frame is assigned to a data flow randomly.
Rekonstruktion der biographischen Genese einer Bewährungsfigur – Ein Beitrag zu einem sozialisationstheoretischen Begriff der Bewährung

Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, exemplarisch die biographische Genese einer Bewahrungsfigur zu rekonstruieren und auf diesem Wege zur weiteren Differenzierung dieses sozialisationstheoretischen Begriffs beizutragen. Bewahrungsfiguren erweisen sich in der exemplarischen Interviewanalyse als lebensgeschichtlich erste Selbstkonturierungen, die im Verlauf des Lebens eine sukzessive Sattigung, modifizierende Ausgestaltung und eine mehr oder weniger gelungene, komplexitatserhohende Transferierung auf neue Felder der Bewahrung erfahren. Neben der Selbstvergewisserung, ist die zweite wesentliche Funktion von Bewahrungsfiguren die Grundlegung der Selbstcharismatisierung, des Vertrauens in die eigenen Fahigkeiten und Problemlosungsvorschlage (Ja, das kann ich, das bin ich)
Simulation study of alpha-neutron reactions from AmBe directional source using MCNP 6.1.1 with TENDL 2012, 2014, and 2017 libraries.

Abstract Angular dependence of 9Be(α, n)12C was simulated in Monte-Carlo N-Particle transport 6.1.1 (MCNP) with TALYS Evaluated Nuclear Data Library (TENDL) 2012, 2014, and 2017 data to determine secondary neutron direction and energy for neutron imaging. The simulations consisted of a 90 μCi 241Am source and a 25 μm thick 9Be target. Neutrons emitted from the 9Be(α, n)12C were collected at different angles of emission within the MCNP simulation, which will be compared to experimental data in the future. The MCNP simulation used alpha induced data obtained through TALYS and processed through NJOY2016 into RECONR and ACER formats. Cross section tables were mapped appropriately in MCNP for the cross-section data to be read. Appropriate source particle weighting was determined for the alpha particles and neutrons, and the results were displayed in the F4 tallies. The total neutron production and neutron spectrum was compared to previous work. Discrepancies between the obtained results and previous work are discussed. Angular and energy dependence of secondary neutrons from TENDL 2012, 2014, and 2017 libraries were found, and will later be compared to experimental results. This work was done to support Patent No: 62/529,583.
Characterization of Medical Professional Liability Risks Associated With Transesophageal Echocardiography.

Background Medical claim data offer the possibility to improve patient care and mitigate liability. Although published analyses exist in cardiology, no information is available for transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). In this study, the authors reviewed medical claims involving TEE to identify potential risk management concerns so that these lessons could be used to improve the safety and quality of transesophageal echocardiographic practice. Methods The authors reviewed anonymized clinical and claims data from all closed claims from 2008 to 2013 for a single national physician liability insurer. Results There were no claims involving transthoracic echocardiography and eight involving TEE. Three claims involved esophageal perforation, a known risk of TEE. Two claims involved quadriplegia allegedly due to neck manipulation in the setting of a cervical spinal abscess that should have been suspected. Three claims involved the cardiologist's failure to diagnose endocarditis, with allegations that the cardiologist did not perform TEE in an appropriate time frame to avoid major morbidity and mortality from endocarditis. Conclusions Liability claims associated with TEE involve failure to order and perform TEE in an appropriate clinical scenario and in a timely manner; failure to properly document medical decision making; failure to inform patients regarding risks of TEE; failure to properly monitor the patient before, during, and after TEE; and technical difficulties in performing the procedure. Cardiologists should recognize guideline-based indications when TEE is needed and be mindful of the complication rates of this procedure. When screening a patient for TEE, consider expert input that may reduce the risks of TEE (e.g., a spine specialist for a neck injury, a gastroenterologist for esophageal comorbidity). Informed consent and medical record documentation should be practiced as a vehicle to inform patients of these risks and chronicle decision-making processes.
Survivorship care plan experiences among childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients and their families

As survivorship care plan (SCP) use among childhood cancer survivors and their families has not been extensively researched, we report on their experiences with receiving an SCP after the completion of therapy. Eligible patients had acute lymphoblastic leukemia, completed therapy, and had no evidence of disease at enrollment. Patients aged 7 or older (N = 13) and at least one parent (N = 23 for 20 total patients) were surveyed and completed assessments at enrollment (Time 1, T1), SCP delivery (Time 2, T2), and follow-up (Time 3, T3) (retention 90.9%). Surveys assessed the delivery process and SCP format. McNemar tests were used to assess change from T2-T3. Satisfaction with the SCP was generally high among parents. At T1 the majority of parents (69.6%) thought the SCP should be delivered after treatment but by T3 most preferred the plan to be delivered before the end of treatment (60.9%). While 95.7% of parents intended to share their child’s SCP with another provider, family, or school at T2, only 60.9% had done so by T3 (P < 0.01). At both T2 and T3, 100% of parents agreed that the SCP would help make decisions about their child’s future health care. Most patients at T3 (83.3%) felt they had learned something new from their SCP. Pediatric oncology patients and families feel SCPs are useful and will help them make decisions about health care in the future.
Syzygies of bounded rank symmetric tensors are generated in bounded degree

We study the syzygies of secant ideals of Veronese subrings of a fixed commutative graded algebra over a field of characteristic 0. One corollary is that the degrees of the minimal generators of the ith syzygy module of the coordinate ring of the rth secant variety of any Veronese embedding of a projective scheme X can be bounded by a constant that only depends on i, r, and X, and not on the choice of the Veronese embedding.
Madhubani Art: A Journey of an Education Researcher Seeking Self-Development Answers through Art and Self-Study.

This study is situated within a self-study research methods course to scaffold doctoral students’ explorations of the intersections of their culture, and research interests using arts as a tool. Embracing the arts as a research method, the first author painted a self-portrait using the vibrant colors of Madhubani art which holds cultural significance to her. She utilized Blumer’s (1986) and Mead’s (1934) theory of symbolic interactionism to explain the process of her self-development as a researcher. Combining her self-portrait with an earlier research study proved valuable as a conduit for understanding and interpreting her work as a research methodologist. This study is valuable to others interested in studying their practice and research identity through an arts-based research method. Key Words: Self-study, Arts-based Self-study, Madhubani Art, and Learning Qualitative Research
Navigating the Waters: Lessons Learned from Junior PETE Faculty Members

This article will highlight aspects of the key elements that will benefit junior PETE faculty members who are seeking to advance their careers. This article will highlight tips for junior faculty m...
Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Performed Within and Outside Clinical Trials in the United States

BACKGROUND A better understanding of differences in outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy performed within and outside clinical trials will assist in optimal implementation of the procedure for acute ischemic stroke patients in general practice. OBJECTIVE To identify differences in demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes related to mechanical thrombectomy in patients treated within clinical trials and those treated outside clinical trials in a large national cohort. METHODS We compared the patient characteristics and associated in-hospital outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke patients performed within and outside clinical trials using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2013 to 2015. We analyzed in-hospital mortality (primary outcome) and moderate to severe disability (secondary outcome) based on discharge disposition after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Of 23 375 patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy, 430 (1.8%) underwent the procedure as part of a clinical trial. After adjusting for age, gender, and the teaching status of the hospital, patients treated within a clinical trial had lower rates of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.14; 95% CI .03 to .71; P < .001). Among patients discharged alive, the rate of moderate to severe disability (OR .43; 95% CI .26 to .71; P < .001) was lower among those patients treated within a clinical trial. There was no difference in odds of post-thrombectomy intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage between the two groups. CONCLUSION Mechanical thrombectomy performed as part of clinical trials was associated with lower rates of in-hospital mortality and lower rates of moderate to severe disability compared with those performed outside clinical trials.
Estimation for Compositional Data using Measurements from Nonlinear Systems using Artificial Neural Networks

Our objective is to estimate the unknown compositional input from its output response through an unknown system after estimating the inverse of the original system with a training set. The proposed methods using artificial neural networks (ANNs) can compete with the optimal bounds for linear systems, where convex optimization theory applies, and demonstrate promising results for nonlinear system inversions. We performed extensive experiments by designing numerous different types of nonlinear systems.
Tendon and Motor Phenotypes in the Crtap-/- Mouse Model of Recessive Osteogenesis Imperfecta

ABSTRACT Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous group of connective tissue disorders characterized by variable short stature, skeletal deformities, low bone mass with increased bone fragility, and motor deficits. The majority of cases are caused by mutations in type I collagen, or by mutations that affect collagen processing and/or modification. Like bone, the extracellular matrix of tendons and ligaments is largely made up of type I collagen; however, despite the fact that a subset of OI patients presents with joint hypermobility, how tendon/ligament dysfunction contributes to this is unknown. Here, we performed a detailed phenotypic characterization of the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon, Achilles tendon and patellar ligament in the Crtap mutant mouse model of severe, recessive OI. Stable, pyridinoline collagen cross-links were increased by 5- to 10-fold in mutant tendons and ligaments. Collagen fibril size in all three structures was also smaller in Crtap-/- mice compared to wildtype or heterozygous littermates. Together, these ultrastructural and biochemical changes resulted in thinner tendons and ligaments with increased cellularity compared to controls, as assessed by histology. To examine how alterations in tendons might affect motor function, we performed a battery of behavioral assays. During open field assessment, Crtap-/- mice exhibited reduced horizontal and vertical activity. Crtap-/- mice also exhibited motor impairments on the rotarod and grid footslip tests. In addition, Crtap-/- mice had reduced grip strength and displayed reduced time on the inverted grid test, indicating that they are weaker than wildtype and heterozygous mice. In summary, these data demonstrate that the tendons/ligaments of Crtap-/- mice are pathologically altered compared to wildtype – a phenotype that correlates with motor deficits and grip strength impairments. As such, Crtap-/- mice provide a preclinical model with which to examine downstream mechanisms and therapies pertaining to tendon/ligament pathology and motor dysfunction for OI patients.
1H, 15N and 13C assignments of a monomeric N-terminal deletion mutant of the Rous sarcoma virus protease.

In the Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV), the C-terminus of the Gag polyprotein contains the protease (PR), which must proteolytically liberate itself to realize full activity. In mature virions, approximately 7% of the PR population is missing the first three N-terminal residues (Pepinsky et al., 1996). This truncated form (RSVPR 1LAM) arises from an alternate autocleavage site three amino acids (Leu-Ala-Met) downstream of the primary site, and exhibits markedly reduced proteolytic activity (Schatz et al., 1997, 2001). Crystal structures of uncomplexed wild-type RSV PR dimer (Jaskolski et al., 1990) and specificity-engineered RSV S9 PR dimer in complex with a peptide inhibitor (Wu et al., 1998) have been determined. As with other retroviral PRs, the Nand C-termini of the mature enzyme form a four-stranded intermolecular β-sheet that is essential for dimer stability (as reviewed by Vogt, 1996). The RSVPR 1LAM N-terminal deletion is expected to abolish this important β-sheet and consequently destabilize the dimer. Dimer formation is widely believed to be the rate limiting step in the activation of PR, necessary for virion maturation. Consequently, structural insight into monomeric PR is of great interest in elucidating the mechanism of protease activation in the virus life cycle as well as from a drugdesign perspective. Here we present the backbone and side-chain assignments of RSVPR 1LAM.
Equivalence Testing of a Youth Risk and Needs Assessment

Truancy can have a detrimental impact on student outcomes. Risk assessments are used to identify behavioral and emotional problems associated with school truancy. Although imperative for informing ...
Design of the Play & Grow Cohort: A prospective study of parent-child mealtime interactions

ABSTRACT Early childhood is a critical period of life when nutritional choice and mealtime routines develop and obesogenic tendencies may be established. There is a need for greater understanding of toddlers and how parent-child interactions over time and across contexts relate to development of obesity. The purpose of this protocol paper is to describe the recruitment strategy, protocol, and characteristics of participants in the Play & Grow cohort. Between December 2017 and May 2019, three-hundred caregivers and their 16- to 19-month-old toddler (57% male) were recruited from records of the major pediatric provider in Central Ohio and enrolled in an ongoing 2-year prospective study. The cohort is diverse in race and ethnicity, parent education and age, household income, and family composition. Thirty-seven percent of children were born preterm (
Disparities in Mental and Behavioral Health Treatment for Children and Youth in Immigrant Families

Abstract Background and Objectives Children and youth in immigrant families (CIF)—children and youth with at least one foreign-born parent—face unique psychosocial stressors. Yet little is known about access to mental/behavioral health (MBH) services for CIF. Among US CIF and non-CIF with MBH problems, we assessed access to MBH treatment. Methods We used the National Survey of Children's Health-2016, a nationally-representative survey of predominantly English- or Spanish-speaking US parents. The sample included 2-17 year-olds whose parent reported at least one MBH problem. The primary outcome was prior-year receipt of MBH treatment (counseling, medication, or both). Results Of 50,212 survey respondents, 7,164 reported a current MBH problem (809 CIF and 6,355 non-CIF). The majority of CIF were Hispanic/Latinx (56% CIF vs 13% non-CIF, p Conclusions Among children and youth with at least one parent-reported MBH problem, CIF, compared with non-CIF, were less likely to receive MBH treatment, specifically medication. This may be explained, in part, by differences in the proportion of CIF and non-CIF diagnosed with ADHD.
Extended Play: Augmented Reality Dance for Vinyl Records

Extended Play is an augmented reality dance work for the rotating surface of a playing vinyl record. A custom-designed mobile application for smartphones applies image recognition to the center label of a vinyl record to overlay animated avatars and scenes through the phone's camera. The avatars rotate with the record as it spins and dance according to pre-recorded motion capture data choreographed specifically for a rotating stage and that album's music. Paying homage to music box ballerinas and zoetrope animations, this installation performance work allows audience members to view and explore the performance in their own environment for a personal and intimate experience. This work builds the foundation of a platform for viewing and reviewing dance in three-dimensional space with augmented reality.
What Children Wished They Had/Had Not Done and Their Coping in the First Thirteen Months after Their Sibling's Neonatal/Pediatric Intensive Care Unit/Emergency Department Death.

Background: Research on what children wished they had done differently after their sibling's death has not been reported. Objective: Examine what children wished they had/had not done, and their co...
Carbon footprint and environmental performance of agribusiness production in selected countries around the world

Abstract Greenhouse gas emissions related to food production in selected countries around the world in 2000, 2007, and 2014 were analyzed in this paper. In recent decades, many studies have suggested that greenhouse gas emissions mostly caused by agricultural production should be reduced. However, a low-carbon agricultural sector often involves a reduction in inputs, which may result in smaller production volumes. Nevertheless, the overarching goal should be to maintain food production at a sufficient level to meet the population’s food requirements. Food production is particularly important in the context of the forecasted growth of the world population. In this situation, greenhouse gas emissions per product unit should be regarded as a key indicator that reflects the environmental sustainability level of production processes. Defined as such, environmental sustainability was examined across the entire food production system—referred to as agribusiness. This study calculated the emissions of major greenhouse gases related to food production and compared them to the GDP of agribusiness. The average ratio of the agribusiness carbon footprint to GDP in countries examined was nearly 2 kg of CO2 equivalent/USD in 2000. This value kept decreasing during the study period, reaching 1.21 in 2014. A decrease in the ratio was recorded despite an increase in agribusiness greenhouse gas emissions, which validated the research hypothesis that an increase in greenhouse gas emissions from agribusiness does not necessarily reflect a decline in the environmental performance of agribusiness production. This is especially true for China and Brazil, whose greenhouse gas emissions related to food production increased considerably in the years examined in this study along with a clear decline in emission levels per unit of agribusiness GDP. This study is innovative, because the literature does not provide any similar calculations for the food production subsystem, especially regarding emission levels per production unit. This approach required the authors to integrate the calculation methods used in agribusiness production with those applicable to agribusiness greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, this study relied on consistent methods developed by the authors to calculate these values. The research adds to existing literature by calculating the carbon footprint for the entire food production system, and it argues that better environmental performance of agribusiness production can be achieved despite higher greenhouse gas emissions.
Comparison of efficacy of nitric oxide fumigation under nitrogen and carbon dioxide atmospheres in controlling granary weevil (Sitophilus granaries) and confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum)

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) was a recently discovered fumigant for postharvest pest control. Because NO reacts with oxygen (O2) spontaneously to form nitrogen dioxide (NO2), NO fumigation must be conducted under ultralow oxygen (ULO) atmospheres to preserve NO and nitrogen (N2) has been used to establish ULO atmospheres in NO fumigation studies in the past. However, carbon dioxide (CO2) can also be used to ULO atmospheres and CO2 fumigation was also reported to be effective in controlling certain insect pests and enhancing toxicity of some fumigants. In the present study, NO fumigations under ULO conditions established with N2 and CO2 were compared for effects against granary weevil, Sitophilus granaries, and confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum. All life stages of the two insects were subjected to 12 h fumigation treatments with 0.5–1.0% NO at 25 °C under ULO established with CO2 (NO–CO2 treatments) and N2 (NO–N2 treatments). The most tolerant life stage for each species in each fumigation treatment was then fumigated with NO for 24 h fumigation at 25 °C to determine an effective treatment. There were no significant differences in mortalities of adults, larvae, and pupae at all NO concentrations between ULO conditions established with CO2 and N2 for either insect. NO–CO2 was, however, significantly less effective than NO–N2 against eggs of both species. Granary weevil pupae and confused flour beetle eggs were the most tolerant stages for each respective species to NO fumigation: >99% mortality of granary weevil pupae and confused flour beetle eggs were, however, achieved in the 24 h fumigation with 2% and 1% NO, respectively. This study showed that CO2 can be used to establish ULO atmospheres for NO fumigation, but did not significantly contribute to insect mortality.
ADEPT: a domain independent sequence alignment strategy for gpu architectures

Bioinformatic workflows frequently make use of automated genome assembly and protein clustering tools. At the core of most of these tools, a significant portion of execution time is spent in determining optimal local alignment between two sequences. This task is performed with the Smith-Waterman algorithm, which is a dynamic programming based method. With the advent of modern sequencing technologies and increasing size of both genome and protein databases, a need for faster Smith-Waterman implementations has emerged. Multiple SIMD strategies for the Smith-Waterman algorithm are available for CPUs. However, with the move of HPC facilities towards accelerator based architectures, a need for an efficient GPU accelerated strategy has emerged. Existing GPU based strategies have either been optimized for a specific type of characters (Nucleotides or Amino Acids) or for only a handful of application use-cases. In this paper, we present ADEPT, a new sequence alignment strategy for GPU architectures that is domain independent, supporting alignment of sequences from both genomes and proteins. Our proposed strategy uses GPU specific optimizations that do not rely on the nature of sequence. We demonstrate the feasibility of this strategy by implementing the Smith-Waterman algorithm and comparing it to similar CPU strategies as well as the fastest known GPU methods for each domain. ADEPT’s driver enables it to scale across multiple GPUs and allows easy integration into software pipelines which utilize large scale computational systems. We have shown that the ADEPT based Smith-Waterman algorithm demonstrates a peak performance of 360 GCUPS and 497 GCUPs for protein based and DNA based datasets respectively on a single GPU node (8 GPUs) of the Cori Supercomputer. Overall ADEPT shows 10x faster performance in a node-to-node comparison against a corresponding SIMD CPU implementation. ADEPT demonstrates a performance that is either comparable or better than existing GPU strategies. We demonstrated the efficacy of ADEPT in supporting existing bionformatics software pipelines by integrating ADEPT in MetaHipMer a high-performance denovo metagenome assembler and PASTIS a high-performance protein similarity graph construction pipeline. Our results show 10% and 30% boost of performance in MetaHipMer and PASTIS respectively.
Placing the Blame for Covid-19 in and on Ultra-Orthodox Communities

The new coronavirus pandemic, COVID-19, has resurrected a number of historical and sociological problems associated with blaming collectives for the origin or transmission of infectious disease The default example of the false accusation has been the case of the fourteenth century charge of well poisoning against the Jews of Western Europe causing the pandemic of the Black Death Yet querying group actions in times of pandemics is not solely one of rebutting false attributions What happens when a collective is at fault and how does the collective respond to the simultaneous burden of both false, stereotypical accusations and appropriate charges of culpability? The case study here is of Haredi communities and the 2020 outbreak of COVID-19
TCR+/BCR+ dual-expressing cells and their associated public BCR clonotype are not enriched in type 1 diabetes.

Summary Ahmed and colleagues recently described a novel hybrid lymphocyte expressing both a B and T cell receptor, termed double expresser (DE) cells. DE cells in blood of type 1 diabetes (T1D) subjects were present at increased numbers and enriched for a public B cell clonotype. Here, we attempted to reproduce these findings. While we could identify DE cells by flow cytometry, we found no association between DE cell frequency and T1D status. We were unable to identify the reported public B cell clone, or any similar clone, in bulk B cells or sorted DE cells from T1D subjects or controls. We also did not observe increased usage of the public clone VH or DH genes in B cells or in sorted DE cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that DE cells and their alleged public clonotype are not enriched in T1D. This Matters Arising paper is in response to Ahmed et al. (2019), published in Cell. See also the response by Ahmed et al. (2021), published in this issue.
Abstract 15991: African American Women Attending a Community Blood Pressure Screening Program

Background: The socioeconomic determinants of health (SEDoH) are contributors to the widening health disparities between White and AA women. Low income is a key contributor to poor cardiovascular (...
Failure to rescue after surgical re-exploration in lung resection.

Abstract Background Surgical re-exploration after lung resection remains poorly characterized, although institutional series have previously reported its association with greater mortality and complications. The present study sought to examine the impact of institutional lung-resection volume on the incidence of and short-term outcomes after surgical re-exploration. Methods The 2007 to 2018 National Inpatient Sample was used to identify all adults who underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy. Hospitals were divided into tertiles based on institutional lung-resection caseload. Multivariable regressions were used to identify associations between independent covariates on clinical outcomes. Results Of an estimated 329,273 patients, 3,592 (1.09%) were re-explored with decreasing incidence over time. Open and minimal access pneumonectomy among other factors were associated with greater odds of reoperation. Those re-explored had greater odds of mortality and complications as well as increased duration of stay and adjusted costs. Although risk of re-exploration was similar across hospital tertiles, reoperative mortality was significantly lower at high-volume hospitals. Conclusion Re-exploration after lung resection is uncommon; however, when occurring, it is associated with worse clinical outcomes. After re-exploration, high-volume center status was associated with reduced odds of mortality relative to low volume. Failure to rescue at lower-volume centers suggests the need for optimization of perioperative factors to decrease incidence of reoperation.
North Germanic Tonal Accent is Equipollent and Metrical: Evidence from Compounding

For the North Germanic opposition between two tonal accents, it has been claimed that Accent 2 has a lexical tone, that Accent 1 has a lexical tone, that both accents are marked tonally in the lexicon, or that the accent opposition is based on two types of feet. Based on evidence from compounding, we argue that the opposition between Accent 1 and Accent 2 is equipollent, and that this is best expressed in a foot-based approach since each lexical item will necessarily receive a foot. Elaborating on previous metrical work on tonal accent, we assume that binary feet can be built on moras (= Accent 1) or syllables (= Accent 2) and show how this successfully captures compound accentuation in Central Swedish and Urban East Norwegian. Our foot-based analysis is in line with recent work on tonal accent that calls into question the claim that all tonal contrasts within syllables must be due to the presence of lexical tone. In addition, our analysis addresses issues surrounding the phonology of compounds in general, and prosodic effects of compounding in particular.
All the Best Polls Agree with Me: Bias in Evaluation of Political Polling

Do Americans consider polling results an objective source of information? Experts tend to evaluate the credibility of polls based on the survey methods used, vendor track record, and data transparency, but it is unclear if the public does the same. In two different experimental studies — one focusing on candidate evaluations in the 2016 U.S. election and one on a policy issue — we find a significant factor in respondent assessments of polling credibility to be the poll results themselves. Respondents viewed polls as more credible when majority opinion matched their opinion. Moreover, we find evidence of attitude polarization after viewing polling results, suggesting motivated reasoning in the evaluations of political polls. These findings indicate that evaluations of polls are biased by motivated reasoning and suggest that such biases could constrain the possible impact of polls on political decision making.
Vitamin K in medical practice: pediatrics.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the changes that take place after birth, especially with regard to those factors that are influenced by vitamin K. Vitamin K is used in the prophylaxis and therapy of bleeding disorders in the newborn. Coagulation in this period is characterized by a decrease of prothrombin, proconvertin, phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), and, somewhat less pronounced, Stuart-Prower factor, phosphotransacetylase (PTA), and Hageman factor. Later there is a gradual increase but some of the factors reach adult levels only after 12 months. The initial decrease is believed to be caused by vitamin K deficit and the following slow increase by the development of synthesis in the liver. Many different factors besides coagulation defects—for example, anoxia, infection, and trauma—may lead to bleeding disorders in the newborn. Vitamin K has been shown to moderate the initial drop in prothrombin and related factors after birth and to prevent a certain percentage of hemorrhages—that is, those which are connected with changes in coagulation. It is less effective when the liver, either through damage or immaturity, is unable to produce the coagulation factors in sufficient amounts. In severe cases, overt hemolytic anemia with hemoglobinuria may occur. The increased red cell breakdown may lead to hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus. These compounds may also interfere with bile pigment secretion. Vitamin K seems to be much less toxic and is preferable especially in premature infants or when repeated doses are given.
Energy Gap of β Silver Selenide

AN interesting variation of apparent measured intrinsic band gaps of β (low temperature) silver selenide prepared by different methods has been noted. Melt-grown silver selenide has been determined to have a band gap of 0.04–0.1 eV at about 300° K1,2. When prepared as a powder at temperatures under 100° C3 silver selenide has a gap of 0.07–0.1 eV. This same silver selenide when sintered at 200° C (above the β–α phase transition) for 15 min and then remeasured in the same temperature range exhibits a different band gap, 0.2 eV.
Introduction: The Civil Jury as a Political Institution

More than two hundred years after the Seventh Amendment enshrined the civil jury right, the debate over the role of the civil jury in the United States continues unabated. But even as questions about the civil jury’s competence as an adjudicative institution continue, questions surrounding the civil jury’s justification and role as a political institution are under explored. To explore these questions in contemporary society, the Bill of Rights Institute and Law Review at William & Mary Law School hosted a symposium on The Civil Jury as a Political Institution. For two days in February 2013, scholars from an array of disciplines gathered to consider the extent to which the civil jury played a meaningful role as a political institution historically, whether it still serves that purpose today and, if so, what measures can or should be taken to ensure its continuing significance. This short essay is the introduction to the symposium issue of the William & Mary Law Review on this topic. The essay provides a brief summary and exploration of some of the themes that arose in the papers and during the discussion.
Health Education Needs of the Oglala Sioux

(1974). Health Education Needs of the Oglala Sioux. School Health Review: Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 14-16.
Abstract W P198: Sphingomyelin Synthases Regulate Neuronal Cell Proliferation and Cell Cycle Progression

Introduction: The molecular mechanisms of cerebral ischemia damage and protection are not completely understood, but a number of reports implicate the contribution of lipid metabolism and cell-cycle regulating proteins in stroke out come. We have previously shown that tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (D609) resulted in increased ceramide levels after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). We hypothesized that D609 induced cell cycle arrest probably by inhibiting sphingomyelin synthase (SMS). In this study, we examined the direct effects of SMS on cell cycle progression and proliferation of neuroblast cells. Methods: Ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion. Expression levels were measured by western blot analysis, RT-PCR, and Immunofluorescence staining. SMS1 and 2 expressions were silenced by stable transfection with SMS1/2-targeted shRNA. Cell cycle analysis was performed using Flow cytometry. Data were analyzed using MODFIT cell cycle analysis program. Cell proliferation rate was measured by MTT assay. Results: We have identified that the expression of SMS1is significantly up-regulated in the ischemic hemisphere following MCAO. Neuro-2a cells transfected with SMS specific ShRNA acquired more neuronal like phenotype and exhibited decreased proliferation rate. Also, silencing of both SMS1 and 2 induced cell-cycle arrest as shown by significantly increased percentage of cells in G0/G1 and decreased proportion of cells in S-phase as compared to control cells. This was accompanied by up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitors p21 and decreased levels of phophorylated AKT levels. Furthermore, loss of SMS inhibited the migratory potential of Neuro 2a cells. Summary: Up-regulation of SMS under ischemic/reperfusion conditions suggests that this enzyme potentially contributes to cell cycle regulation and may contribute to maintaining neuronal cell population. Further studies may open up a new direction for identifying the molecular mechanisms of cell cycle regulation and protection following ischemic stroke
Allelic Complementation in the First Gene for Histidine Biosynthesis in SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. II. Complementation Mapping of Mutants and a Subunit Model of the Enzyme

Sixty-two alleles of the histidine-1 (his1) gene were tested for complementation. The 44 complementing mutants fell into 31 complementation groups which were used to construct a complex complementation map with 18 complementation units. Cluster analysis of the complementation map by either visual inspection or the computer method of Gillie and Peto (1969) shows two very definite clusters. The molecular weight estimate of the his1 enzyme, phosphoribosyl adenosine triphosphate: pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase, is 1.8 · 105 by sucrose density gradient analysis and 2.4 · 105 by Sephadex gel chromatography. Correlating the length of the his1 gene to the molecular weight of the enzyme indicates that this enzyme is composed of 6 subunits, as is the analogous enzyme in Salmonella typhimurium. A model of the subunit and tertiary and quaternary structure of the enzyme has been developed from consideration of the genetic and complementation data, the distribution of the various mutant types within the gene, and the biochemical properties of the enzyme encoded by the his1 gene.
Acute leukemia complicating metastatic breast cancer

Acute leukemia occurred in two women after prolonged chemotherapy for metastatic carcinoma of the breast. Palliative radiation therapy was given to both patients within 18 and 22 months, respectively, before the onset of acute leukemia, but the short interval between radiation therapy and the onset of leukemia did not suggest radiation leukemogenesis. Therapy included prolonged administration of cyclophosphamide and chlorambucil and intermittent administration of prednisone, vincristine, 5-fluorouracil, and methotrexate. The second patient received 6 months of hexamethylmelamine therapy in addition. The types of leukemia and the time interval from chemotherapy are similar to reported cases of acute leukemia during alkylating agent therapy of multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and carcinoma of the ovary and lung. The role of chemotherapy in induction of leukemia in these cases remains speculative.
An efficient parallel algorithm for computing a large independent set in a plan graph

Let α(G) denote the independence number of a graphG, that is the maximum number of pairwise independent vertices inG. We present a parallel algorithm that computes in a planar graphG = (V, E), an independent set\(I \subseteq V\) such that ¦I¦≥ α (G)/2. The algorithm runs in timeOlog2 n) and requires a linear number of processors. This is achieved by denning a new set of reductions that can be executed “locally” and simultaneously; furthermore, it is shown that a constant fraction of the vertices in the graph are reducible. This is the best known approximation scheme when the number of processors available is linear; parallel implementation of known sequential algorithms requires many more processors.
Accuracy of three-dimensional volume measurement using biplane transesophageal echocardiographic probe: in vitro experiment.

Two phased-array scanning methods can be used for volumetric transesophageal echocardiographic imaging: (1) pull-back "breadloaf" reconstruction, and (2) rotation "fan-like" reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to (1) test accuracy and precision of pull-back versus rotational geometries for three-dimensional volume determination, and (2) test accuracy of the resulting surface/volume rendered images. The endoscope shaft was inserted into a tube with the handle connected to a stepper device. Seventeen balloons (61 to 471 ml) were put into a water bath consecutively. Two scans were performed: (1) pull-back: the probe was withdrawn in 1 mm steps to obtain parallel "breadloaf" slices, and (2) rotational: the probe was rotated in increments of 1.8°, 3.6°, or 5.4° to obtain "fan-like" slices. Each image was digitized for computer analysis. The data were interpolated into 128 × 128 × 128 voxels for three-dimensional reconstruction. Volume measurement was done using a stereometric random marking method. Volumes obtained from the reconstructed images were compared with the true volume (weight) by linear regression analysis. Excellent correlation between measured and actual volumes was obtained from rotation scans as follows: for 1.8° steps (r = 0.9987, SEE=6.5 ml), for 3.6° steps (r = 0.9959, SEE=11.5 ml), and for 5.4° steps (r = 0.9943, SEE=13.5 ml). The pull-back scans showed r=0.9990, SEE=5.8 ml. Three-dimensional surface/volume rendered images of the balloons indicate that 1.8° rotation scans are almost as good as 1 mm pull-back scans. We conclude that volume measurements from rotation scans in vivo will not be hindered by scan geometry or software interpolation.