cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MATERNAL-FETAL HEMORRHAGE: INCIDENCE AND SENSITIZATION

Observations indicate that the first born RhO (D)-positive (Rh+) infant of an RhO. (D)-negative (Rh-) mother may have a higher risk of hemolytic disease if the grandmother is Rh+ rather than Rh-. This “grandmother theory” gives rise to the speculation that the primary sensitizing dose of Rh+ blood was received in-utero by the Rh- baby from the Rh+ mother. To investigate the incidence and the timing of a possible maternal-fetal transfusion and its resultant antibody stimulation in the Rh- infant born of an Rh+ mother, 402 infant serums (292 at birth and 110 at 2 days) were studied for presence of anti-D antibody (modified Lalezari method) and retested in 237 patients at 1-6 months of age. In addition, 275 blood samples from 2 day old infants were tested for presence of maternal Rh+ red cells (fluorescein labeled anti-globulin technic). Although several reactions initially appeared to identify antibody, none of these proved to be anti-D when these serums were tested with a 10 red-cell panel. Maternal Rh+ red cells were detected in 3 neonatal blood samples (1.1%), but no anti-D antibody was found in these 3 babies on follow-up-at 1, 3 and 6 months in 2 babies or at birth and 4 months in the other. Published reports indicating a significant risk for parturition sensitization of the Rh- neonate of the Rh+ mother cannot be corroborated by our studies.(Support:Ortho Diagnostics)
Optimal nondelay job shop schedules

The heuristic job shop scheduling algorithm evaluated in this paper was based on finding optimal nondelay schedules (an approach that had been overlooked by past researchers). The makespan was the ...
Physical chemical evidence of structural weakness in coronary arterial calcification.

Physical-chemical properties of calcified human coronary arteries were obtained through 857 electron probe microanalyses of samples of endarterectomy tissue from 12 patients and by X-ray and electron diffraction from separate samples. The calcific phase exhibited a weight percentage calcium to phosphorus ratio of 2.5 (SEM 0.15), a density of 2.95 (0.02) g·cm−3, and a crystalline unit cell volume of 530 (0.5) A3, or 53 (0.05) nm3. The phase has been characterised as a phosphorus deficient dahllite variant of apatite in which the crystal structure has been weakened by the incorporation of water molecules and tetrahedral hydroxyl groups in isomorphic substitution conforming with the McConnell-type defect. Isomorphic substitution within the apatitic cell appears sufficient to suggest that the crystal structure of the mineral deposit is weakened to the extent that means might be sought to attack the early formation of the pathological deposition.
Relation between microanatomy and functional properties of the coronary arteries (Dog)

The different anatomic properties of the three major coronary arteries of the dog were revealed by reconstruction of serial histologic sections. It was found that while the right and circumflex arteries consist of sequential segments of muscles arising and inserting into the adventitia, the anterior descending has a distinctly different muscle pattern. In the right coronary artery, six muscle bundles occur in short segments (0.6 mm in length), while only four arranged in longer segments (1.6 mm) characterize the circumflex artery. Two of the four muscle bundles in the anterior descending follow a spiral course down the entire length of the artery, while the other two execute a short spiral with a staggered origin from collagen septa 0.6 mm apart. Of the two types of branching from the major arteries one has no muscle connection, while the other has muscle continuity with the major artery. Innervation of the major arteries occurs at the muscle origin and insertion sites. Nerves penetrate to the intima of the right, circumflex and the structurally independent branches, suggesting interesting reflex control for vasomotion. Movements of the coronary arteries as followed by cineangiographic techniques are apparently determined by the gross movements of the heart, the neuromuscular features of the arteries, and the location of the branches.
Spallation Neutron Sources and Accelerator-Driven Systems

Spallation neutron sources are the primary accelerator-driven source of intense neutrons. They require high power proton accelerators in the GeV energy range coupled to heavy metal targets for efficient neutron production. They form the basis of large scale neutron scattering facilities, and are essential elements in accelerator-driven subcritical reactors. Demanding technology has been developed which is enabling the next generation of spallation neutron sources to reach even higher neutron fluxes. This technology sets the stage for future deployment in accelerator-driven systems and neutron sources for nuclear material irradiation.
An Effective Approach to Integrated Learning in Capstone Design

The H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering ISyE at Georgia Tech has developed an integrated approach to its capstone Senior Design course in which students form teams and identify, scope, and execute projects for real-world clients. Historically, the course has focused mainly on the engineering challenges of industry projects, but the skill set required of new industrial engineering and operations research practitioners is much broader. The new course structure creatively integrates internal and external resources for teaching business skills, soft skills, professionalism, and legal issues in an interdisciplinary, on-demand team-teaching format. Assessments show that student preparation has increased, especially in nontechnical areas. In addition, project quality has dramatically improved and is much more consistent. Both an external review board and the most recent ABET review cited the new Senior Design course as one of ISyE's strengths.
The joint influence of client attributes and cognitive moral development on students’ ethical judgments

Abstract Academic interest in the ethical quality of accountants’ judgments has produced a steady stream of research addressing the role of education in fostering ethical behavior. Although various studies have evaluated the cognitive moral development of accounting students, few studies have considered the influence of accounting contextual factors on ethical judgments. This study evaluates the influence of cognitive moral development and a contextual factor, client risk level, on both ethical judgments and behavioral intentions. Results from a study of auditing students indicate that students with higher moral development evaluate earnings management as less ethical and are less likely to accept earnings management by an audit client than are students with lower moral development. Students in a high client risk scenario evaluated earnings management as less ethical and were also less likely to accept earnings management by an audit client than were students in a low client risk scenario. The results also show an interaction between client risk and moral development.
Tuning correlation and localization lengths with high magnetic fields near the metal-insulator transition

Abstract Various experiments at low-temperatures on Si:As in the critical regime (0·8 < N/N c< 1·2) near the metal-insulator transition have yielded information on magnetic-field-induced changes in the correlation and localization lengths. The measurements include magnetoresistance of metallic samples, magnetocapacitance, a.c. magnetoconductance, and the field dependence of Mott variable-range-hopping conduction for insulating samples. The field-induced changes in ζ(N, H) are interpreted in terms of field-induced changes in the critical density Nc and the correlation-localization-length exponent v(H). The implications of the results for the Shapiro phase diagram are discussed.
Misses and near‐misses after postoperative radiation therapy for head and neck cancer: Comparison of IMRT and non‐IMRT techniques in the CT‐simulation era

Background. The purpose of this study was to compare the patterns of failure focusing on the distribution of local-regional recurrence among patients treated postoperatively with conventional radiotherapy (RT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for head and neck cancer. Methods. The records of 130 patients treated by surgery and postoperative radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were reviewed. Seventy-eight patients (60%) were treated using conventional RT and 52 patients (40%) were treated using IMRT. Results. The 3-year estimates of local-regional control were 70% and 73% among patients treated by conventional RT and IMRT, respectively (p = .33). Among the local-regional recurrences in the IMRT group, 9 were in-field recurrences occurring within the physician-designated clinical target volume (CTV), and 4 were marginal recurrences involving the contralateral neck adjacent to the spared parotid gland (3 patients) and the retropharyngeal/retrostyloid lymph node region (1 patient). Conclusion. Our study showed that conventional RT and IMRT result in similar rates of local-regional control. The implications for CTV design are discussed herein. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Fluorescent labelling of the mitochondrial inner membrane

Abstract Submitochondrial particles from beef heart have been labeled covalently with three fluorescent dyes. 1. 1. 1-Dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl chloride (DNS chloride) and 2-toluidinonaphthalene-6-sulfonyl chloride (TNS chloride) caused marked inhibition of succinate oxidase (75%) and lesser inhibition of NADH oxidase (50 and 25%) at levels of 67 and 50 nmoles/mg protein, respectively. 7-Chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole caused similar inhibition but at a level of 3 nmoles/mg protein. 2. 2. All three labels affected the primary succinate dehydrogenase, but not the primary NADH dehydrogenase. 3. 3. It is suggested that the major sites of action of these labels on the respiratory chain are to the oxygen side of the flavoproteins. 4. 4. The fluorescence properties of DNS and TNS bound covalently suggest that the binding sites are similar to the non-covalent binding sites, and are in a hydrophobic environment and close to protein. 5. 5. Covalently bound TNS did not display an energy-dependent response (unlike the noncovalently bound probe). The significance of this for the mechanism of energy dependent fluorescent probe responses is discussed.
Error-free 1,001-hop Cascaded Operation of an Optical-label Switching Router with Optical 3R Regeneration

This paper demonstrates cascaded 1,001-hop operation of an optical-label switching router. The optical 3R regeneration using wavelength conversion and synchronous modulation leads to negligible hop-to-hop penalty and stabilized Q-factor towards large hop numbers.
Rat small intestine: Development, composition and effects of perfusion

Development of the small intestine is well underway by birth, but it contributes a meager 1.4% (0.07 g) to total body weight. At 25 g (five times the birth weight), it has more than doubled in length (from 20 to 45 cm), is about nine times as heavy, and represents 2.4% (0.6 g) of the body weight. During adolescence, the small intestine undergoes rapid gains until it reaches 75% of its adult length (80 cm), and attains a maximum percentage of nearly 5.0% (3.0 g) of the body weight (60 g). By 125 g, it is nearly fully developed: 95 cm in length, 5 g in weight, and 4% of the body weight. From this point, it only lengthens 10–20 cm and increases 1–2 g in weight. However, the percent of intestine to body weight continues to decrease throughout adulthood to reach only 1.4% (500 g), which was the percentage at birth. Regression formulas show that in the adult rat, the small intestine lengthens 5 cm and gains 0.5 g for each 100-g increase in body weight. Variation within each of the intestinal values measured was considerable but correlated positively with the body weight. Tissue water content was greatest in the duodenum, and varied according to both site and age.
Epidermal growth factor inhibition in solid tumours

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of many human malignancies and is therefore an attractive target against which anticancer therapy may be effective. At present, there are two ways in which this may be achieved clinically: antibodies against EGFR and inhibitors of the EGFR tyrosine kinase. This review describes presently approved agents cetuximab (monoclonal EGFR antibody), gefitinib and erlotinib (EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors) in detail. Efficacy data for these agents in various human malignancies is presented. Various other agents that are in the early stages of development at present have also been mentioned.
Pharmacodynamics of In Vivo Nitrate Action

Abstract We have used animal models to examine the dynamic events associated with the hemodynamic and antiaggregatory actions of nitroglycerin. For the study of hemodynamics, we utilized a rat model of congestive heart failure and showed that the major features of nitrate tolerance and withdrawal rebound could be reproduced in this model. We showed that both phenomena can be described quantitatively by a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model that incorporated rate constants for a number of physiologic rate processes. The model assumes that tolerance is produced by the development of a counterregulatory vasoconstriction, the magnitude of which is dependent on the extent of the vasodilative component of nitrate action. Dissipation of the vasoconstrictive process is shown to be slower than that of nitrate-induced vasodilation. We further showed, in a normal conscious rat model, that the time–courses of the antiaggregatory actions of nitroglycerin are dissociated from those of hemodynamic tolerance, indicating that sustained antiaggregatory action from nitrates is present despite the observation of hemodynamic tolerance. Our experimental findings are generally consistent with clinical results obtained by other investigators. These results indicate that useful information can be gained from pharmacodynamic examination of in vivo nitrate tolerance in experimental animals.
A Psychosocial View of Mental Illness: An Introduction to Part II

(1995). A Psychosocial View of Mental Illness: An Introduction to Part II. Journal of Social Distress and Homelessness: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 157-161.
The role of free radical condensates in the production of carbon nanotubes during the hydrocarbon CVD process

Hydrocarbon CVD synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is not well understood because it does not follow intuitive gas phase kinetics. Consequently, progress towards industrialization of CNT synthesis has been arduously slow. However, an intuitive understanding of the CNT CVD process can be gained through understanding of the chemistry of free radical condensates that are produced during the pyrolysis of any hydrocarbon. It is our contention that free radical condensates act as an intermediate and reaction medium for hydrocarbon-based CVD production of nanotubes. The insight gained from this understanding can be used to explain much of the literature and to coherently direct the efforts to industrialize the CVD process and produce higher quality nanotubes for materials research and commercial exploitation.
Tmesis and movement in Avestan

A comparison of the facts described above for Younger Avestan with those uncovered in the discussion of Gathic Avestan reveals that tmesis in Avestan was the result of either (1) a fronting of the preverb or (2) the application of rules governing the placement of the clitics (especiallycā andvā). The fronting rule allowed movement of the preverb to a limited set of positions, normally initial position in the sentence, second position if initial position was taken up by an element in COMP, and, in metrical texts, to a major metrical boundary. Thus the relationship between a preverb and its verb was easily recoverable by the native speaker.
Effect of Pretreatment on the Activity of a Ru-Promoted Co/Al2O3Fischer–Tropsch Catalyst☆

Abstract The effect of calcination and reduction temperatures on the activity of a Ru-promoted Co/Al 2 O 3 catalyst for the CO hydrogenation reaction has been studied. The catalyst was prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method and calcined and reduced at various temperatures. Along with overall steady-state rate analysis, steady-state isotopic transient kinetic analysis was used to investigate the effect of the pretreatment conditions on the intrinsic activity and coverages of surface intermediates. Catalyst characterization techniques such as XRD, TPR, and hydrogen chemisorption were also used. The calcination temperature was found to have a pronounced effect on the overall activity of the catalyst but not on the intrinsic activity of the catalyst sites. On the other hand, the reduction temperature had only a negligible effect on the overall and intrinsic activities. The decrease in rate at high calcination temperatures was caused by a decrease in the number of surface active sites due to a decrease in the reducibility of the catalyst. Neither the reduction nor the calcination conditions had any effect on chain growth probability. Calcination temperature did have, however, a small effect on CH 4 selectivity.
Plectin Gene Mutations Can Cause Epidermolysis Bullosa with Pyloric Atresia

Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia (EB-PA), manifesting with neonatal blistering and gastric anomalies, is known to be caused by mutations in the hemidesmosomal genes ITGA6 and ITGB4, which encode the α6 and β4 integrin polypeptides, respectively. As part of our molecular diagnostics program, we have now encountered four families with EB-PA in which no mutations could be identified in these two genes. Instead, PCR amplification followed by heteroduplex scanning and/or direct nucleotide sequencing revealed homozygous mutations in the plectin gene (PLEC1), encoding another hemidesmosomal protein previously linked to EB with muscular dystrophy. Our findings provide evidence for additional molecular heterogeneity in EB, and emphasize the importance of screening EB-PA patients not only for α6β4 integrin but also for plectin deficiency.
Synthetic, Structural, and Redox Studies of Arene Alkyl Complexes of Tantalum(III) Supported by Aryloxide and Arenethiolate Ligands

A series of η6-hexamethylbenzene alkyl and aryl complexes of tantalum(III) supported by aryloxide and arenethiolate ligands have been prepared, characterized, and compared to their halide analogues...
Thyroxine-binding globulin biosynthesis in isolated monkey hepatocytes

Abstract Thyroxine-binding globulin biosynthesis was demonstrated in hepatocytes isolated from normal adult Rhesus monkeys. Dispersed cells were obtained by in situ liver perfusion with collagenase, hyaluronidase and EDTA. Conditions for optimum cell survival and incorporation of radioactive leucine into newly synthesized proteins were defined. Protein synthesis, and specifically thyoxine-binding globulin synthesis, were shown to continue throughout the incubation period, while cell survival remained high (75% excluded trypan blue after 6 h). Incubation medium, cytosol and a particulate fraction (extracted with digitonin) were analyzed for thyroxine-binding globulin. After extensive dialysis and purification by affinity chromatography, newly synthesized thyroxine-binding globulin was identified by specific double-antibody immunoprecipitation and by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis with autoradiography. Newly synthesized thyroxine-binding globulin was present after 4 h of incubation. After 6 h, the total synthesized had increased to 150% of the 4 h value, while the fraction present in the medium had increased to 300%, indicating probable thyroxine-binding globulin secretion.
Externalities in international trade: The case for differential tariffs

Abstract This paper examines the economic justification for the use of differential tariffs to control for positive and negative externalities embodied in traded products. In particular, economic efficiency requires that taxes and subsidies should be applied to internalize external costs or benefits. It is argued that products such as timber, minerals, and agricultural products that produce large negative environmental externalities should be differentially tariffed to either provide an incentive to cease destructive practices, or provide funding for amelioration. Examples from the mining and agricultural sectors are used to demonstrate the magnitude of tariffs required to offset the estimated environmental damage. Products with embedded cultural content are used as examples of exports that may possess positive externalities, and should be subject to a subsidy.
Kinetic and thermodynamic enhancement of crystal nucleation and growth rates in amorphous Si film during ion irradiation

The effect of 1.5 MeV Xe+ irradiation at elevated substrate temperatures on the crystal nucleation rate and on the subsequent crystal growth rate in amorphous Si has been investigated. The analysis of apparent activation energies obtained for the nucleation rate, growth rate, and incubation time suggests that the interfacial rearrangement kinetics of subcritical nuclei and large crystals may be similarly affected by the incident ions. The observed rates of crystal growth show excellent agreement with a recently proposed defect model for ion-induced crystallization in the ion flux and temperature regime where both the ion-generated and thermally generated defects contribute significantly to the total crystal growth rate. The nucleation rate is found to be more dramatically enhanced by ion irradiation than either the growth rate or the incubation time. This suggests enhancement in the total nucleation rate under irradiation that is of a thermodynamic origin due to transient unrelaxation within a defect-rich cascade created by the incident ion.
Nearly bipartite graphs

We prove that if a nonbipartite graph G on n vertices has minimal degree @d>=n/(4k+2)+c"k","m, where c"k","m does not depend on n and n is sufficiently large, if C"2"s"+"[email protected]?G for some k==n/(4k+2) and not containing odd cycles of order larger than 2k+1 and show that they can be made bipartite by deletion of a fixed number of edges or vertices. Such graphs will be called nearly bipartite graphs.
Effects of methoxychlor on skin tumor development

Abstract Organochlorine pesticides increase the incidence of liver cancer through a multistage process involving tumor promotion. Mirex, an organochlorine pesticide has been shown to be a tumor promoter in mouse skin. In the present study, the effects of methoxychlor, a commonly used organochlorine pesticide, on the development of papillomas in 7,12-dimethylbenz [ a ]anthracene (DMBA)-initiated mouse skin and induction of mouse epidermal omithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity were investigated and compared with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol -13-acetate (TPA), a well-known tumor promoter. Methoxychlor neither caused tumor development nor induced epidermal ODC activity. However, TPA resulted in 100% tumor incidence and 8.8 tumors per mouse after 20 weeks of promotion, and induced epidermal ODC activity.
Technique to Measure Thermodynamic Adhesion of Copper-Polyimide Interfaces

A contact angle measurement technique has been used to determine the thermodynamic adhesive strength between nano-sized copper clusters and polyimide. The copper clusters are formed under UHV conditions by using - mono-layer per minute deposition rates to assist equilibrium cluster formation. Temperatures of the polyimide substrate during the deposition process are maintained below Tg, which ensures no diffusion of the copper atoms into the polyimide matrix. Values of the strength of adhesion from these contact angle measurements are in reasonable agreement with predictions made using Fowkes’ theory of non-polar interfacial adhesion, but are at least one order of magnitude less than the value obtained by mechanical tests. The limitations of this technique due to deformation at the polyimide surface, as well as kinetic factors constraining equilibrium cluster formation will be discussed.
Some topologically complete spaces

If X is either (1) a complete, nonmetrizable Moore space or (2) a certain topologically complete nonmetrizable space that is the closed continuous image of separable complete metric space, then there exists a space Y with the same properties and in which every open set contains a copy of X, and Y satisfies Baire's category theorem. Then, in the first case, Y is a first countable space which has a σ-locally finite network but is not the union of countably many closed metrizable subspaces, and, in the second case, Y is the closed continuous image of a metrizable space which is not such a countable union.
Peer review of quality of dental care.

The purpose of peer review of dental care is to improve the system so that everyone will have access to the best possible care. As a basis for review, four levels of service are defined together with four dimensions of care at each level. This review process can be conducted by peers or it can be a self-review.
Directors and officers liability insurance: an analysis of determinants of disclosure

In this paper, we investigate factors that explain the disclosure of Directors and officers liability (D&O) insurance. D&O insurance is used extensively in top management compensation. Surprisingly, only a handful of firms listed in the US disclose their D&O insurance practices (based on our extensive search of publicly available databases on corporate disclosure). Using a sample of firms from 2004 to 2008, we focus on level of competition, threat of increase in lawsuit, and internal governance to examine the determinants of the disclosure practices. Consistent with the hypothesis, the results show that firms in competitive industries, firms with a high threat of lawsuits, big firms, and firms with weak internal governance are less likely to disclose D&O insurance. We further find that variations in the scope and nature of disclosure are associated with the firms’ litigation risk and governance structure.
A case of neurofibromatosis associated with a coronary artery aneurysm and myocardial infarction

A case of myocardial infarction secondary to thrombosis of a coronary artery aneurysm in a patient with neurofibromatosis is presented. The vascular manifestations of neurofibromatosis, and the associated clinical sequelae, are reviewed.
Noise-assisted intrinsic mode function coherence in seizure anticipation

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent electrophysiological activities, known as seizures. We explore the applicability of noise-assisted Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) for patient-specific seizure anticipation. Intracranial EEG data were obtained from invasive pre-surgical epilepsy monitoring at the Epilepsy Center of the University Hospital of Freiburg. Data from six patients (19 seizure recordings) with hippocampal foci were analyzed. For each recorded channel, twelve levels of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) were produced. The coherence between the IMFs (denoted as IMF-Coh) between different channel pairs was computed. Statistical distributions of IMF coherence were determined from three hours of interictal data. Patient-, IMF level-, and channel pair-specific IMF-Coh were used to determine the earliest anticipation times for detected ictal events. Our study shows that while not all channel pairs are able to detect every ictal event, in general, low IMFs (containing frequency components greater than 1 Hz) can discriminate between interictal and periictal activities. Our results suggest patient-specific increases in coherence for one or more IMF levels during seizure progression. The anticipation window ranges from 30 to 53 minutes prior to clinical manifestation. We propose an anticipation optimality index as a joint indicator of sensitivity and earliest anticipation times to help select relevant channel pairs and IMF levels. In future work, we will incorporate cross-validation techniques with more interictal data as well as investigate patient-specific, automated selection of high-sensitivity channel pairs.
UT/SRP CO2 capture pilot plant — Operating experience and procedures

Abstract The Separations Research Program (SRP) pilot plant is located at The University of Texas (UT) Pickle Research Campus and has been operated as a carbon capture facility since 2002. The semi-works scale pilot facility uses air and 3–14 mol% CO2 as flue gas as it applies the latest advancements in carbon dioxide recovery technology. The capacity of the pilot plant is approximately 15 m3/min of gas and 130 liters/min of solvent. Past experimental studies include solvent performance characterization using potassium carbonate with piperazine, monoethanolamine, concentrated piperazine and other proprietary solvents. In recent years, the pilot plant has been utilized to determine the mass transfer and hydraulic characteristics of various structured and random packings using amine-based solvents for CO2 absorption. In 2002, the UT/SRP began developing improved measurement techniques and operating procedures to ensure reliable process control and closure of material and energy balances. Past experience and learning with the UT/SRP pilot plant is currently being utilized for the design and operation of several future pilot plants that will process actual coal-fired flue gas. The purpose of the presentation is to provide a brief description of the UT/SRP CO2 capture pilot plant capabilities, innovative operational procedures and instrument accuracies. The objectives of this paper are to discuss SRP pilot plant experience including: process description, operations and control, key equipment, measurement methods including novel techniques, overall process performance, and future work.
Power-performance co-optimization of throughput core architecture using resistive memory

Massively parallel computing on throughput computers such as GPUs requires myriad memory accesses to register files, on-chip scratchpad, caches, and off-chip DRAM. Unlike CPUs, these processors have a large register file and on-chip scratchpad memory, which consume a significant portion of compute core power (35%-45%). In this paper, we introduce novel throughput architecture by integrating resistive memory (Spin Transfer Torque RAM) inside the compute core, which reduces leakage significantly, but introduces write power overhead and longer write latencies in GPU shared memory and register file accesses. We enhance the compute core by introducing register file organization with differential memory update mechanism to remove update redundancy during write operations. Furthermore, using merged register-write-mechanism and write-back buffer, we coalesce multithreaded GPU register write accesses to save write energy. In addition, we introduce hybrid shared memory design using SRAM and STT-MRAM that provides significant leakage/dynamic power savings without affecting performance. On average, across 23 GPGPU/graphics workloads, our schemes save 46% dynamic power due to register access (83% leakage power saving) with negligible performance degradation. On average, hybrid shared memory provides 10% reduction in dynamic power with maximum 1.6× performance improvement for the current workloads at no additional area overhead.
Effects of environmental factors and agronomic and storage practices on quality of sugarbeet

The sugarbeet is an herbaceous dicotyledon. The annual world production of sugarbeet exceeds 200 million tons. It supplies 40% of the world's sugar. The sugarbeet, a biennial, normally completes its vegetative cycle in 2 years. During the first year it develops a large succulent root, in which reserve food sugar is stored. During the second year it produces flowers and seeds. Favorable environmental conditions and proper agronomic practices (such as temperatures, climate, day length, fertilization, disease control, control of late growth) are essential for producing high sugar and less impure sugarbeet. Proper nitrogen fertilization increases the yield, but decreases the sugar percentage and juice purity of sugarbeet. Nitrate is the principle source of nitrogen used by sugarbeets. Nitrate uptake and metabolism require energy which is derived at the expense of sugar accumulation. Glutamine in sugarbeet is synthesized mainly in the roots and is transported to the leaves. Estimation and application of the op...
Homoserine in seedlings of the tribe Vicieae of the Leguminosae

Abstract Young seedlings of 10 subspecies and varieties of Pisum all accumulated high levels of homoserine, as did also Lathyrus latifolius seedlings. There was less in L. odoratus, and little or none in Cicer arietinum, Lens Culinaris, Vicia faba, and V. sativa seedlings.
Zeeman effect of the PMDR signal and the mechanism of the intersystem crossing process in pyrazine at 1.6 K

Abstract The observed change in the 10.38 GHz PMDR signal of pyrazine in durene at 1.6 K upon the application of a magnetic field of 0–500 G cannot be explained by the direct S 1 (n, π * ) T 1 (n, π * ) intersystem crossing process. The observed results can be computer fitted if the crossing is assumed to involve an intermediate triplet state with zero-field parameters similar to those of the lowest π, π * state of substituted benzene. The relative probability of the direct to the indirect crossing to the different spin levels is concluded. The limitations of the method are discussed.
NMR ANALYSIS OF AMBER IN THE ZUBAIR FORMATION, KHAFJI OILFIELD (SAUDI ARABIA --KUWAIT): COAL AS AN OIL SOURCE ROCK?

Amber samples obtained from coal deposits in the Zubair Formation at a depth of 1,800 m from the offshore Khafji oilfield (Saudi Arabia -- Kuwait Partitioned Neutral Zone) were subjected to NMR analysis. The resulting spectra identified the samples as originating from trees belonging to the genus Agathis. The NMR spectra were virtually identical to those obtained from Lower Cretaceous amber from Lebanon, Israel and Jordan, suggesting that a large forest of Agathis levantensis extended across the Arabian Plateau from the Levant to the Gulf. In this case, the forest would have extended a distance of approximately 1500 km, which would make it the largest amber-producing forest known. It is suggested that the oil in the Khafji and adjoining Safaniya oilfields could have been derived from coal produced, at least in part, by Agathis levantensis.
A DNA enzyme with Mg(2+)-dependent RNA phosphoesterase activity.

Previously we demonstrated that DNA can act as an enzyme in the Pb(2+)-dependent cleavage of an RNA phosphoester. This is a facile reaction, with an uncatalyzed rate for a typical RNA phosphoester of approx. 10(exp -4)/ min in the presence of 1 mM Pb(OAc)2 at pH 7.0 and 23 C. The Mg(2+) - dependent reaction is more difficult, with an uncatalyzed rate of approx. 10(exp -7)/ min under comparable conditions. Mg(2+) - dependent cleavage has special relevance to biology because it is compatible with intracellular conditions. Using in vitro selection, we sought to develop a family of phosphoester-cleaving DNA enzymes that operate in the presence of various divalent metals, focusing particularly on the Mg(2+) - dependent reaction. Results: We generated a population of greater than 10(exp 13) DNAs containing 40 random nucleotides and carried out repeated rounds of selective amplification, enriching for molecules that cleave a target RNA phosphoester in the presence of 1 mM Mg(2+), Mn(2+), Zn(2+) or Pb(2+). Examination of individual clones from the Mg(2+) lineage after the sixth round revealed a catalytic motif comprised of a three-stem junction.This motif was partially randomized and subjected to seven additional rounds of selective amplification, yielding catalysts with a rate of 0.01/ min. The optimized DNA catalyst was divided into separate substrate and enzyme domains and shown to have a similar level of activity under multiple turnover conditions. Conclusions: We have generated a Mg(2+) - dependent DNA enzyme that cleaves a target RNA phosphoester with a catalytic rate approx. 10(exp 5) - fold greater than that of the uncatalyzed reaction. This activity is compatible with intracellular conditions, raising the possibility that DNA enzymes might be made to operate in vivo.
Outcome of patients with de novo versus nevus-associated melanoma

Background Prior reports indicate a wide range of melanomas in histopathologic contiguity with a nevus, and an associated nevus has unclear prognostic implications in melanoma. Objective We sought to investigate the relationship among nevus-associated melanomas, sentinel lymph node status, and overall survival. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 850 patients with cutaneous melanoma and sentinel lymph node removed at Massachusetts General Hospital from 1998 through 2008 and meta-analysis of the literature. Results Nevus-associated melanomas represented 28% (235/850) of cases and were significantly correlated with younger age ( P = .03), truncal site ( P = .0005), superficial spreading type ( P P = .005). There was no association with sentinel lymph node status ( P = .94) and no survival difference between nevus-associated versus de novo melanoma ( P = .41). Meta-analysis of over 4000 cases revealed a similar percentage of associated nevi (32%). Limitations This was a retrospective study. Conclusions Approximately 30% of melanomas are associated with a nevus. The presence of a nevus associated with a melanoma has no prognostic implication in sentinel lymph node status or overall survival.
Soft-Tissue Sarcoma of the Head and Neck After Puberty: Treatment by Surgery and Postoperative Radiation Therapy

• The most frequent soft-tissue sarcomas in the head and neck area are embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas and neurofibrosarcomas. Histological grading and the staging of the lesions bear on the prognosis of the disease. The use of sequential surgical resection plus postoperative radiation therapy has considerably improved the local control of these sarcomas. The use of multiple-drug systemic chemotherapy as an adjuvant to radiation therapy is fraught with considerable complications in this series of patients. Studies are ongoing for a better understanding of the immunologic changes that occur in patients with sarcoma. ( Arch Otolaryngol 103:365-368, 1977)
PROCESS OPTIMIZATION: A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY

Abstract Four recently developed algorithms were tested on a realistic propylene chlorination process simulation. All four are based on successive quadratic programming and interface easily with most sequential modular simulation packages. Using SPAD for simulation, optimal cases were obtained in as few as 29 simulation-time equivalents. The paper includes model details, reactor kinetics, and algorithm performance.
Total synthesis of ageliferin via acyl N -amidinyliminium ion rearrangement

Ageliferin is a marine natural product having antiviral and antimicrobial activities. These functions remain to be characterized at a molecular level. Ageliferin is also thought a biosynthetic intermediary linking oroidin type alkaloids to more complex polycyclic derivatives. This scenario has the amino tetrahydrobenzimidazole motif in ageliferin serving as a reduced progenitor of oxidized, ring-contracted spirocycles. Here we describe the reverse. Namely, a concise synthesis of ageliferin which features ring expansion of a spirocyclic precursor - itself derived from reduction. The pathway also provides access to unique isosteres of the axinellamine ring system, allowing new synthetic additions to the growing family of pyrrole / imidazole alkaloids.
Theorizing about Trial Courts: Lawyers, Policymaking, and Tobacco Litigation

What role do litigation and trial court decisions play in shaping policy? This article explores that question by examining recent litigation against tobacco manufacturers filed by state attorneys general, plaintiff lawyers in class actions, lawyers for cities, unions, health plans, individual smokers, and others. I suggest how this litigation contributed to agenda setting, new ways of defining the problem of tobacco and the policy alternatives, political mobilization, new legal norms, and new political and legal resources for opponents of tobacco. Addressing theoretical debates about the power of the courts to effect change, I distinguish between causal and constitutive arguments and suggest how both can be incorporated in social analysis.
Promotion of Cancer Stem-Like Cell Properties in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Hepatocytes.

We have previously reported that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection of primary human hepatocytes (PHH) induces the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) state and extends hepatocyte life span (S. K. Bose, K. Meyer, A. M. Di Bisceglie, R. B. Ray, and R. Ray, J Virol 86:13621–13628, 2012, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02016-12). These hepatocytes displayed sphere formation on ultralow binding plates and survived for more than 12 weeks. The sphere-forming hepatocytes expressed a number of cancer stem-like cell (CSC) markers, including high levels of the stem cell factor receptor c-Kit. The c-Kit receptor is regarded as one of the CSC markers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Analysis of c-Kit mRNA displayed a significant increase in the liver biopsy specimens of chronically HCV-infected patients. We also found c-Kit is highly expressed in transformed human hepatocytes (THH) infected in vitro with cell culture-grown HCV genotype 2a. Further studies suggested that HCV core protein significantly upregulates c-Kit expression at the transcriptional level. HCV infection of THH led to a significant increase in the number of spheres displayed on ultralow binding plates and in enhanced EMT and CSC markers and tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. The use of imatinib or dasatinib as a c-Kit inhibitor reduced the level of sphere-forming cells in culture. The sphere-forming cells were sensitive to treatment with sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, that is used for HCC treatment. Further, stattic, an inhibitor of the Stat3 molecule, induced sphere-forming cell death. A combination of sorafenib and stattic had a significantly stronger effect, leading to cell death. These results suggested that HCV infection potentiates CSC generation, and selected drugs can be targeted to efficiently inhibit cell growth. IMPORTANCE HCV infection may develop into HCC as an end-stage liver disease. We focused on understanding the mechanism for the risk of HCC from chronic HCV infection and identified targets for treatment. HCV-infected primary and transformed human hepatocytes (PHH or THH) generated CSC. HCV-induced spheres were highly sensitive to cell death from sorafenib and stattic treatment. Thus, our study is highly significant for HCV-associated HCC, with the potential for developing a target-specific strategy for improved therapies.
miRNAs are Essential for the Survival and Maturation of Cortical Interneurons

Complex and precisely orchestrated genetic programs contribute to the generation, migration, and maturation of cortical GABAergic interneurons (cIN). Yet, little is known about the signals that mediate the rapid alterations in gene expression that are required for cINs to transit through a series of developmental steps leading to their mature properties in the cortex. Here, we investigated the function of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by microRNAs on the development of cIN precursors. We find that conditional removal of the RNAseIII enzyme Dicer reduces the number of cINs in the adult mouse. Dicer is further necessary for the morphological and molecular maturation of cINs. Loss of mature miRNAs affects cINs development by impairing migration and differentiation of this cell type, while leaving proliferation of progenitors unperturbed. These developmental defects closely matched the abnormal expression of molecules involved in apoptosis and neuronal specification. In addition, we identified several miRNAs that are selectively upregulated in the postmitotic cINs, consistent with a role of miRNAs in the post-transcriptional control of the differentiation and apoptotic programs essential for cIN maturation. Thus, our results indicate that cIN progenitors require Dicer-dependent mechanisms to fine-tune the migration and maturation of cINs.
Accessory mitral valve associated with coarctation of the aorta and bicuspid aortic valve without left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

i p s t b ACCESSORY MITRAL VALVE (AMV) is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly that most frequently presents as heart failure secondary to left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. AMV is diagnosed most commonly in youth; however, much less frequently, it may present in the older population. It almost always occurs in concert with other congenital cardiac anomalies. An uncommon presentation of AMV without LVOT obstruction in an elderly patient with a history of aortic coarctation and congenital biscuspid aortic valve is described.
Subtalar joint arthrodesis.

Forty patients (12 men and 28 women) treated with isolated subtalar joint arthrodesis were retrospectively reviewed. The average patient age was 50 years (range, 21–76 years). Preoperative diagnoses included posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, post-traumatic arthritis, nontraumatic arthritis, and subtalar joint middle facet coalition. The average follow-up was 15 months (range, 12–74 months). Subjective postoperative questionnaire results were classified as satisfied (n = 32), satisfied but with reservations (n = 4), or dissatisfied (n = 4). Eighty-three percent of the patients (n = 33) stated that they would undergo the procedure again. Minor complications (those that resolved with nonoperative treatment) occurred in 55% of the patients. However, the major complication rate was only 12.5%. This study showed no statistical correlation between the preoperative diagnosis and the postoperative outcome. Our results also suggested that the prevalence of complications is slightly higher than in previous report...
Effects and modeling of simultaneous switching noise for BiCMOS off-chip drivers

A model of simultaneous switching noise (SSN) for the conventional BiCMOS driver including the influence of negative feedback is presented. Level 1 SPICE-type MOSFET and Gummel-Poon BJT device models are used for the analysis. The model accounts for a reduction in forward current gain, /spl beta//sub F/, that is attributed to high-level injection effects. Closed-form expressions are presented that predict the maximum SSN encountered in low-level and high-level injection. Solutions of the first equation are combined with the second in order to model the complete SSN transient. Model predictions are compared to SPICE simulation results for 5 V, 1 /spl mu/m drivers and 3.5 V, 0.5 /spl mu/m drivers with close agreement. The effects of BJT parasitic resistance, junction capacitance, and forward transit time on reducing induced ground noise are also explored. With the introduction of these parasitics, SPICE predictions of the maximum SSN are approximately 20% lower than closed-form model results. Immunity of the quiet BiCMOS driver to noise present at the ground and power connections is also investigated. It is found that the quiet driver is highly immune to adverse effects caused by SSN at the power connection and partially immune to SSN present at the ground. Coupling between ground noise and the output occurs when the ground noise is greater than two forward diode drops above ground, in which case the output tracks the ground noise with a negative offset of one diode drop.