cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing Wetland-Riparian Amphibian and Reptile Communities of the Mid-Atlantic Region

The dependency of many amphibian and reptile species on aquatic habitats is well known. Here, we summarize four studies that investigated aspects of herptile life histories and developed models and tools to assess their responses to disturbance and changing environmental conditions. An Amphibian Index of Biological Integrity (AIBI) was developed and tested for amphibian communities found in headwaters of the Ridge and Valley ecoregion of Pennsylvania. The AIBI demonstrated how amphibian species are significantly and negatively affected by changes in land use, and how conserving an intact wetland-riparian corridor is extremely important for maintaining amphibian biodiversity. A study of pond-breeding assemblages of amphibians in the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area demonstrated their response to a hydrologic gradient of connectivity. The degree of pond isolation, as defined by hydrologic connectivity, land use, and predator access, significantly impacted these assemblages, and thus, can be used as predictors of amphibian species occurrence. This study confirmed the importance of protecting isolated wetlands in the landscape. A third study investigated the response of the stream-dwelling plethodontid salamanders to acidified conditions caused by atmospheric deposition and acid mine drainage in western Pennsylvania. This study revealed that stream plethodontid abundance, presence, and diversity were severely suppressed in acidified environments. The value of stream salamanders as a bioindicator was confirmed by this and a subsequent study of similar assemblages throughout the Mid-Atlantic Highlands. The final study involved development of a Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP) for the federally threatened bog turtle, a wetland-dependent reptile with a stronghold in southeastern Pennsylvania and northwestern Delaware. Teams of investigators from multiple organizations assessed ecological, legal, socioeconomic, and land management factors to arrive at a recommended HCP. A process to locate and operate conservation banks in prime recovery areas was established. Through a system of credit generation, critically important habitats for breeding colonies of bog turtle would be protected.
The Binomial Distribution

You are quite aware of the work needed to compute probabilities for the hypergeometric distribution. We will see how to use the following mathematical theorem to get some simplification.
The essay film after fact and fiction

Nora Alter’s The Essay Film After Fact and Fiction explores a notoriously elusive genre. Beginning with a poetic description of John Akomfrah’s 2015 multi-screen installation Vertigo Sea, Alter ask...
Abstract 79: Sarcospan Has a Protective Effect During Development of Cardiac Disease

Sarcospan (SSPN) has an important role in stabilizing sarcolemmal dystrophin- and utrophin-glycoprotein adhesion complexes at the cell membrane. Loss of cell adhesion leads to contraction-induced m...
Rethinking the evolution of the human foot: insights from experimental research

Adaptive explanations for modern human foot anatomy have long fascinated evolutionary biologists because of the dramatic differences between our feet and those of our closest living relatives, the great apes. Morphological features, including hallucal opposability, toe length and the longitudinal arch, have traditionally been used to dichotomize human and great ape feet as being adapted for bipedal walking and arboreal locomotion, respectively. However, recent biomechanical models of human foot function and experimental investigations of great ape locomotion have undermined this simple dichotomy. Here, we review this research, focusing on the biomechanics of foot strike, push-off and elastic energy storage in the foot, and show that humans and great apes share some underappreciated, surprising similarities in foot function, such as use of plantigrady and ability to stiffen the midfoot. We also show that several unique features of the human foot, including a spring-like longitudinal arch and short toes, are likely adaptations to long distance running. We use this framework to interpret the fossil record and argue that the human foot passed through three evolutionary stages: first, a great ape-like foot adapted for arboreal locomotion but with some adaptations for bipedal walking; second, a foot adapted for effective bipedal walking but retaining some arboreal grasping adaptations; and third, a human-like foot adapted for enhanced economy during long-distance walking and running that had lost its prehensility. Based on this scenario, we suggest that selection for bipedal running played a major role in the loss of arboreal adaptations.
Climatic Impacts of Wind Power

Summary We find that generating today's US electricity demand (0.5 TWe) with wind power would warm Continental US surface temperatures by 0.24°C. Warming arises, in part, from turbines redistributing heat by mixing the boundary layer. Modeled diurnal and seasonal temperature differences are roughly consistent with recent observations of warming at wind farms, reflecting a coherent mechanistic understanding for how wind turbines alter climate. The warming effect is: small compared with projections of 21st century warming, approximately equivalent to the reduced warming achieved by decarbonizing global electricity generation, and large compared with the reduced warming achieved by decarbonizing US electricity with wind. For the same generation rate, the climatic impacts from solar photovoltaic systems are about ten times smaller than wind systems. Wind's overall environmental impacts are surely less than fossil energy. Yet, as the energy system is decarbonized, decisions between wind and solar should be informed by estimates of their climate impacts.
Designing an Animated Character System for American Sign Language

Sign languages lack a standard written form, preventing millions of Deaf people from accessing text in their primary language. A major barrier to adoption is difficulty learning a system which represents complex 3D movements with stationary symbols. In this work, we leverage the animation capabilities of modern screens to create the first animated character system prototype for sign language, producing text that combines iconic symbols and movement. Using animation to represent sign movements can increase resemblance to the live language, making the character system easier to learn. We explore this idea through the lens of American Sign Language (ASL), presenting 1) a pilot study underscoring the potential value of an animated ASL character system, 2) a structured approach for designing animations for an existing ASL character system, and 3) a design probe workshop with ASL users eliciting guidelines for the animated character system design.
Abstract 2729: Quantitative cell-based bioassays to advance individual or combination immune checkpoint immunotherapy

Immune checkpoint receptors play a critical role in maintaining immune homeostasis and are genetically and functionally associated with autoimmune disease, cancer and persistent viral infections. Blockade of immune checkpoints has emerged as a promising new approach to enhance anti-tumor immune responses. After initial successes with PD-1 and CTLA-4-targeted therapies, immunotherapy research has broadened to include additional immune checkpoint receptors targeted individually or in combination. A significant challenge in the development of biologics that target immune checkpoints is access to quantitative and reproducible functional bioassays. Existing methods rely on primary cells and measurement of complex functional endpoints. As an alternative to primary cell assays, we have developed a panel of cell-based reporter bioassays that can quantitatively determine the potencies of biologics targeting the immune checkpoints PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT, and BTLA, or bispecific antibody or antibody cocktails targeting two immune checkpoint receptors such as PD-1+TIGIT, PD-1+LAG-3, and PD-1+CTLA-4. These assays consist of engineered T effector cells that express luciferase reporters driven by specific response elements integrating signaling from the T cell receptor and immune checkpoint target(s), and engineered artificial antigen presenting cells. These mechanism of action-based bioassays demonstrate high specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility. Therefore they can serve as valuable tools for immunotherapy drug development. Citation Format: Jamison Grailer, Julia Gilden, Pete Stecha, Denise Garvin, Jim Hartnett, Frank Fan, Mei Cong, Zhi-Jie Jey Cheng. Quantitative cell-based bioassays to advance individual or combination immune checkpoint immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2729.
Insights into the electrochemical response of a partially recrystallized Al-Mg-Si alloy and its relationship to corrosion events

Abstract The degradation of ultra-fine grained aluminum alloys involves multiple localized corrosion mechanisms at once which make its understanding complex. Here we investigate the electrochemical response of a partially recrystallized ultra-fine grained AA6061 alloy after a low-temperature post-aging treatment. Our results show that the anodic current density, the severity of the filiform corrosion along the shear direction, and the intergranular corrosion are significantly influenced by the precipitation within the shear bands, being the highest at peak aging. Also, passivation is enhanced but the passive film is less stable after ECAP regardless of the low- temperature post-aging treatment. because of the high density of dislocation, precipitates, and grain boundary in the extruded material.
Maximizing the Size of Self-Motion Manifolds to Improve Robot Fault Tolerance

One measure of a robot's fault tolerance is the size of its self-motion manifold. This letter presents a new methodology for finding the largest self-motion manifold(s) of kinematically redundant robots, that consists of two algorithms. Because large self-motion manifolds occur near singular configurations, the first algorithm is designed to identify singularities of all ranks, including high-rank singularities. One unique feature of this algorithm is its ability to deal with the ill conditioned nature of singular vectors when there are multiple nearly equal singular values. The second algorithm is constructed to compute the self-motion manifolds that contain these singular configurations by iteratively moving along the null space of the robot's Jacobian. An important aspect of this computation is to deal with singularities along the manifold, where the null space is high dimensional. These two algorithms are applied to the well-known Mitsubishi PA-10 to illustrate their effectiveness at identifying singularities and computing the largest self-motion manifold(s).
Muscular apoptosis but not oxidative stress increases with old age in a long-lived diver, the Weddell seal

ABSTRACT Seals experience repeated bouts of ischemia–reperfusion while diving, potentially exposing their tissues to increased oxidant generation and thus oxidative damage and accelerated aging. We contrasted markers of oxidative damage with antioxidant profiles across age and sex for propulsive (longissismus dorsi) and maneuvering (pectoralis) muscles of Weddell seals to determine whether previously observed morphological senescence is associated with oxidative stress. In longissismus dorsi, old (age 17–26 years) seals exhibited a nearly 2-fold increase in apoptosis over young (age 9–16 years) seals. There was no evidence of age-associated changes in lipid peroxidation or enzymatic antioxidant profiles. In pectoralis, 4-hydroxynonenal-Lys (4-HNE-Lys) levels increased 1.5-fold in old versus young seals, but lipid hydroperoxide levels and apoptotic index did not vary with age. Glutathione peroxidase activity was 1.5-fold higher in pectoralis of old versus young animals, but no other antioxidants changed with age in this muscle. With respect to sex, no differences in lipid hydroperoxides or apoptosis were observed in either muscle. Males had higher HSP70 expression (1.4-fold) and glutathione peroxidase activity (1.3-fold) than females in longissismus dorsi, although glutathione reductase activity was 1.4-fold higher in females. No antioxidants varied with sex in pectoralis. These results show that apoptosis is not associated with oxidative stress in aged Weddell seal muscles. Additionally, the data suggest that adult seals utilize sex-specific antioxidant strategies in longissismus dorsi but not pectoralis to protect skeletal muscles from oxidative damage.
A Lightweight Framework for Research Data Management

We describe a framework for managing live research data involving two major components. First, a system for the scalable scheduling and execution of automated policies for moving, organizing, and archiving data. Second, a system for managing metadata to facilitate curation and discovery with minimal change to existing workflows. Our approach is guided by four main principles: 1) to be non-invasive and to allow for easy integration into existing workflows and computing environments; 2) to be built on established, cloud-aware, open-source tools; 3) to be easily extensible and configurable, and thus, adaptable to different academic disciplines; and 4) to integrate with and take advantage of infrastructure and services available on academic campuses and research computing environments. These principles give our solution a well-defined place along the spectrum of research data management software such as sophisticated electronic lab notebooks and science gate-ways. Our lightweight and flexible data management framework provides for curation and preservation of research data within a lab, department or university cyberinfrastructure.
A comedonal variant of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus: Case report and literature review.

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE) is subdivided into acute, subacute, and chronic forms, each with distinct morphologies. Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE) most commonly presents in the form of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) with pink-to-violaceous coin-shaped plaques with hyperkeratosis and follicular plugging that heal with atrophy, scarring, hyperpigmentation, and telangiectasias. Lesions most commonly occur on the face, ears, scalp, and in sun-exposed areas. On hair-bearing skin, DLE results in cicatricial alopecia. Although the lesions of DLE are often quite distinct, more than 20 other rare clinical variants of CCLE, such as hypertrophic LE and verrucous LE, have been described that can mimic other dermatologic conditions.1 In 1972, one such variant consisting of acneiform lesions was introduced by Haroon and Fleming.2 This variant, although exceedingly rare, is perhaps one of the most critical to recognize, as it can easily be mistaken for one of the most common diseases seen by dermatologists and general practitioners. Here we present a case of comedonal CCLE that was previously misdiagnosed and treated as acne vulgaris.
3D Printed 2.45 GHz Yagi-Uda Loop Antenna Utilizing Microfluidic Channels and Liquid Metal

A 3D printed deployable Yagi-Uda loop antenna designed to operate at the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band is presented. Utilizing high resolution Stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing, microfluidic channels are incorporated into a 3D structure that enables utilization of liquid metal conductors for deployable antenna, with multiple spiral parallel dielectric structures interconnecting the loops together in a manner that enables a flattened design under compression.
For a Radical Green New Deal: Energy, the Means of Production, and the Capitalist State

The Green New Deal (GND) has emerged on the national stage as a plan to address climate change by reforming the energy system. It would be hugely expensive, and likely involve the redistribution of...
Radiographic shoulder parameters and their relationship to outcomes following rotator cuff repair: a systematic review:

BackgroundAnatomic parameters, such as the critical shoulder angle and acromion index, have emerged as methods to quantify scapular anatomy and may contribute to rotator cuff pathology. The purpose...
Feasibility and correlations of smartphone meta-data toward dynamic understanding of depression and suicide risk in schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVES We investigate whether meta-data, specifically duration of responses to smartphone-delivered surveys, is correlated to elevated scores on the depression assessment PHQ-9 as well as the specific item around self-harm (item 9). METHODS In this observational study, we recruited 92 smartphone-owning adults (≥ 18) with schizophrenia (45) and healthy controls (43). We installed an open-source smartphone app called mindLAMP to collect survey results and latencies (response times) over a period of 3 months. Surveys were scheduled for twice a week, but participants were instructed to take the surveys naturally as much or as little as they wanted. A total of 1,218 PHQ-9 surveys were completed across all participants over 3 months. RESULTS A total of 75 participants (39 with schizophrenia and 36 healthy controls) completed both the initial visit and follow-up, as well as provided at least one self-reported PHQ-9 survey through the app. We found that depression symptom severity and response latencies were correlated for both individuals with schizophrenia (Spearman's ρ = .22, p = .037) and healthy controls (Spearman's ρ = .58, p < .001). Participants with schizophrenia scored higher (more severe) and took longer for every item of the PHQ-9 when compared to controls (p < .05 for each item). Item 9 response value and latency was slightly correlated for participants with schizophrenia (Spearman's ρ = .086, p = .035) but was not significant for controls (Spearman's ρ = .036, p = .37). CONCLUSIONS Meta-data revealed group differences between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls based on individual depression symptoms completed on a smartphone. Correlation between suicide specific question latency and severity for participants with schizophrenia but not for controls indicates the clinical potential and need for further research.
Independent Assessment of Technology Characterizations to Support the Biomass Program Annual State-of-Technology Assessments

This report discusses an investigation that addressed two thermochemical conversion pathways for the production of liquid fuels and addressed the steps to the process, the technology providers, a method for determining the state of technology and a tool to continuously assess the state of technology. This report summarizes the findings of the investigation as well as recommendations for improvements for future studies.
Mammography: A progress report

Abstract 1. 1. Mammography is becoming an important adjunct to diagnosis of early cancer of the breast, as well as an aid in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions of the breast. 2. 2. Mammography has definite limitations and does not in any circumstance replace the advantages of surgical biopsy. Biopsy is imperative if the mammogram reveals a significant shadow. 3. 3. Mammography should be reserved as an aid in the management for those patients with specific indications of breast disorder. 4. 4. If the mammograms give negative or inconclusive results, surgical exploration and biopsy are necessarily predicated upon the clinical evaluation of the affected breast. 5. 5. If mammography is to gain wide acceptance and succeed in hospitals around the country, the team approach must be used. Such a team is composed of the surgeon, radiologist, and pathologist. The radiologist, of course, is the key to a successful program through his efforts and ability to give good service and to give reports of meaningful value. Mammography is not just the taking and reporting of films. 6. 6. Mammography has become a permanent diagnostic aid, and through continued improvement in technics, films and x-ray equipment, complemented by the team approach, it gives every indication of adding to the control of cancer of the breast.
Capturing subtle changes during plant growth using wearable mechanical sensors fabricated through liquid-phase fusion

This paper reports the development of a novel mechanical sensing elastomer that leverages the advantages of graphene, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into Ecoflex and integrated using a unique liquid phase fusion process. The graphene-MWCNT elastomer is used to form a stretchable sensor for monitoring subtle changes of the plant growth over multiple days in a field condition.
Hypertension and reproductive dysfunction: a possible role of inflammation and inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis in gonads

Hypertension is one of the most prevalent diseases that leads to end organ damage especially affecting the heart, kidney, brain, and eyes. Numerous studies have evaluated the association between hypertension and impaired sexual health, in both men and women. The detrimental effects of hypertension in men includes erectile dysfunction, decrease in semen volume, sperm count and motility, and abnormal sperm morphology. Similarly, hypertensive females exhibit decreased vaginal lubrication, reduced orgasm, and several complications in pregnancy leading to fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The adverse effect of hypertension on male and female fertility is attributed to hormonal imbalance and changes in the gonadal vasculature. However, mechanistic studies investigating the impact of hypertension on gonads in more detail on a molecular basis remain scarce. Hence, the aim of the current review is to address and summarize the effects of hypertension on reproductive health, and highlight the importance of research on the effects of hypertension on gonadal inflammation and lymphatics.
Genetic Connection to Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) Through Statistical Learning Methods

Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) is one of the major causes of drug development failure or drug withdrawal from the market after development. Therefore, investigating factors associated with DILI is of paramount importance. Environmental factors that contribute to DILI have been investigated and are, by and large, known. However, recent genomic studies have indicated that genetic diversity can lead to inter-individual differences in drug response. Consequently, it has become necessary to also investigate how genetic factors contribute to the development of DILI in the presence of environmental factors. Thus, our aim is to find appropriate statistical methods to investigate gene-gene and/or gene-environment interactions that are associated with DILI. This is an initial study that only explores statistical learning methods to find gene-gene interactions (epistasis). We introduce Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR), Random Forest (plus logistic regression), and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), as the few potential methodological approaches that we found. Next, we attempt to improve the MARS method by combining it with a variable selection method. Keywords: DILI; SNP; Genomic; Interactions; Associated; Epistasis; Splines; bilirubin.
Health Clinic Readiness to Implement Nutrition Supports in Partnership with SNAP-Ed

Abstract Objective To assess the readiness of health clinics to implement nutrition support strategies in partnership with the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed) program. Design Qualitative study using semistructured interviews. Setting South Carolina. Participants A convenience sample of key informants (n = 26) from health clinics (n = 15) interested in partnering with the SNAP-Ed program. Phenomenon of Interest Health clinic readiness to implement nutrition supports, including motivation, current capacities, and capacity-building needs. Analysis Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analyzed descriptively and thematically. Results Clinics were most interested in implementing food insecurity screenings and making referrals to resources for accessing nutritious foods and produce prescription programs. Motivation was largely driven by a commitment to prevent chronic disease and on the basis of past success implementing a healthy eating strategy. A wide range of current capacities and capacity-building needs to implement strategies of interest were identified. Conclusions and Implications Findings suggest the readiness of some clinics to partner with SNAP-Ed to implement nutrition support strategies and identifies early insights on areas practitioners might need to engage clinics in for capacity-building. Some implementers might need further training before having their own capacity to support clinics in the wide range of nutrition support strategies included, which could be explored in future studies.
A Different Kind of War Story?: Habitus Amidst Cyclical Violence in Eastern Congo

For twenty years, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo has experienced cyclical armed conflict. Much has been written about the historical, political, and social causes and costs of the persistent war (Autesserre 2010; Prunier 2011; Stearns 2011); however, very little is understood about the habitus of the Congolese who live daily with food insecurity, volatile armed groups, and frequent displacement. In November 2012, a strong, well-organized rebel group invaded Goma, drove out the national army, and occupied the provincial capital for eleven days. For four months preceding M23s march on Goma and six months following it, I lived in a small village directly affected by M23s presence. In this paper, I describe the ways in which the persistent threat of war and displacement manifests in the practices, expectations, and bodily techniques of those living in eastern Congo. With intimate ethnographic detail, I make legible the strategies that people use to stay safe but, just as importantly, to thrive amidst total uncertainty. Then, in conversation with the anthropological literature on violence, I conclude with a brief interrogation of our scholarly mandate to study and write violence.
Power delivery design and analysis on a network processor board

The power delivery design and analysis method is presented on a network processor board design. The design is accomplished by placing a large number of capacitors in the pin field using a via sharing pattern, and adding embedded capacitance with extra power planes to optimize the power delivery network. The innovative design reduced the voltage droop and resistive loss. Measurements were made and the design was validated. A full-scale analysis of power delivery network was performed with rigorous model extraction. The simulation results correlated well with the measurements.
Poisson versus logistic regression in a descriptive epidemiologic analysis of data from a Birth Defects Registry.

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to compare results from four statistical approaches to describe the epidemiology of a birth defect. METHODS Cases of tracheoesophageal fistula and/or esophageal atresia were selected from the Texas Birth Defects Registry, and live births from Texas birth certificate data. All were delivered in 1999 through 2009. Data on infant and maternal characteristics were taken from the vital record. Four approaches were compared: a cohort design using Poisson regression (PR) and three case–control analyses using logistic regression (LR) with 10 controls per case (LR10), four controls per case (LR4), or affected controls having other birth defects. Analyses were conducted for all 11 years and for just 1 year (2009). RESULTS Using all 11 years, there were 869 cases of tracheoesophageal fistula and/or esophageal atresia, and results for PR, LR10, and LR4 were similar. Results using only 2009 were more divergent: PR yielded more statistically significant global tests (type III analyses) and narrower 95% confidence intervals, followed closely by LR10. For both time periods, results using affected controls were different from those using PR and LR. CONCLUSION For these descriptive epidemiologic analyses, PR yielded the most precise estimates. However, LR provided similar estimates, and using 10 controls per case yielded precision almost as good as PR. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 97:702–707, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dyslipoproteinemia in systemic lupus erythematosus: Effect of Corticosteroids

The increased incidence of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may be due to a dyslipoproteinemia caused by corticosteroid administration. To determine whether lipoprotein lipid levels are abnormal in SLE and the relation of lipoprotein levels to corticosteroid use, lipid and apolipoprotein levels were measured in 46 female patients with SLE and 30 matched control subjects. The patients with SLE had higher levels of plasma triglyceride (134 versus 73 mg/dl; p less than 0.001), cholesterol (201 versus 168 mg/dl; p less than 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (121 versus 94 mg/dl; p less than 0.001) than control subjects. The levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein subfraction 3 cholesterol, and apolipoprotein Al were similar in the two groups, but high-density lipoprotein subfraction 2 cholesterol was lower in the patients with SLE (10.2 versus 18.2 mg/dl; p less than 0.001). When patients with SLE treated with prednisone (n = 32) were compared to patients with SLE not treated with prednisone (n = 14), the former had higher triglyceride (158 versus 87 mg/dl; p less than 0.001), cholesterol (214 versus 170 mg/dl; p less than 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (130 versus 103 mg/dl; p less than 0.001) levels. The patients with SLE not treated with prednisone had lipid levels similar to those in control subjects except that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower (49.7 versus 59.0 mg/dl; p less than 0.05). The daily prednisone dosage in the treated patients with SLE correlated with levels of cholesterol (r = 0.38, p less than 0.02), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.40, p less than 0.02), and high-density lipoprotein subfraction 3 cholesterol (r = 0.47, p less than 0.01). Thus, female patients with SLE have a dyslipoproteinemia of the type that would place them at an increased risk for coronary artery disease. Corticosteroids, used in the treatment of SLE, seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of the observed lipoprotein abnormalities.
A four-phase modulation system for use with an adaptive array.

Abstract : This report discusses the use of four-phase modulation in a communication system with an adaptive array. A system is described that provides protection against both conventional (i.e., noise and cw) and smart (in particular, repeat) jamming with rapid acquisition of the signal at the receiver. This report first discusses four-phase modulation techniques and how they can be used with an adaptive array. Reference signal generation for the LMS adaptive array is discussed for these modulation techniques. A communication system is then described that uses one of these modulation techniques. The four-phase signal consists of two orthogonal biphase signals. One signal contains a short code for rapid acquisition. The other contains a long code for protection against smart jammers. A several step signal acquisition technique is also described for the system. The short code timing is first acquired by a sliding correlation method. With the short code used in reference signal generation, the long code timing is rapidly acquired by the Rapid Acquisition by Sequential Estimation method. The long code is then used in reference signal generation.
Different kinds of heterochromatin in higher plant chromosomes.

After the use of different Giemsa staining techniques, variations in chromosome banding patterns have often been observed in animal chromosomes. Such staining differences are usually interpreted to indicate that there is more than one type of heterochromatin in many animal chromosomes. Using two differential Giemsa staining techniques we have found different staining patterns in the chromosomes of two higher plants, Allium cepa and Ornithogalum virens . Furthermore, pericentric heterochromatin that occurs so commonly in animal chromo-somes was specifically Giemsa stained in O. virens . These results suggest the basic similarity of higher plant and animal chromosomes.
Class, Race, and Uplift in the Opera House: Theodore Drury and His Company Cross the Color Line

Between 1900 and 1907, Theodore Drury (1867–c.1943) managed the first long-running black opera troupe in America. For white authors, Drury’s company was intriguing but threatening to their stereotypes about blacks and art music. Drury and the black press positioned his productions as racially and musically uplifting experiences that confirmed their elite audience’s worthiness to participate fully in white society. The company’s reception also demonstrates that the concept of racial uplift and the methods to achieve it were hotly contested within the African American community. Thus the opera house became a site of tension between competing ideas about class, race, and uplift.
Un patrón sintáctico híbrido en el habla de los niños bilingües en quechua y español

L'apparition de structures V O V avec duplication du verbe dans l'espagnol des enfants bilingues.
‘Why do they hate us?’ Reframing immigration through participatory action research

Why do ‘they’ hate ‘us’? is a painful starting point for trying to make sense of the tangled web of global restructuring, politics and racism. My discussion draws upon ‘Dreaming of No Judgment’, a participatory action research project developed with young people in Salt Lake City, Utah that explores the emotional and economic impacts of stereotypes upon immigrant communities. My analysis focuses upon the disjunctures between the dominant immigration discourse and the everyday experiences of young Latino immigrants. Drawing upon borderlands scholarship, starting with embodied everyday lived experiences and concerns, here I consider how the questions, concerns and feelings of young people offer new openings for reframing immigration. In conclusion, I reflect upon how PAR might be a transformative ‘construction site’ for reworking and responding to social injustices through the arts.
CCTη, a Novel Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase-interacting Protein

Nitric oxide (NO) transduces most of its biological effects through activation of the heterodimeric enzyme, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Activation of sGC results in the production of cGMP from GTP. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel protein interaction between CCT (chaperonin containing t-complex polypeptide) subunit η and the α1β1 isoform of sGC. CCTη was found to interact with the β1 subunit of sGC via a yeast-two-hybrid screen. This interaction was then confirmed in vitro with a co-immunoprecipitation from mouse brain. The interaction between these two proteins was further supported by a co-localization of the proteins within rat brain. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, CCTη was found to bind to the N-terminal portion of sGC. In vitro assays with purified CCTη and Sf9 lysate expressing sGC resulted in a 30-50% inhibition of diethylamine diazeniumdiolate-NO-stimulated sGC activity. The same assays were then performed using BAY41-2272, an NO-independent allosteric sGC activator, and CCTη had no effect on this activity. Furthermore, CCTη had no effect on basal or sodium nitroprusside-stimulated αβCys-105 sGC, a constitutively active mutant that only lacks the heme group. The N-terminal 94 amino acids of CCTη seem to be critical for the mediation of this inhibition. Lastly, a 45% inhibition of sGC activity by CCTη was seen in vivo in BE2 cells stably transfected with CCTη and treated with sodium nitroprusside. These data suggest that CCTη binds to sGC and, in cooperation with some other factor, inhibits its activity by modifying the binding of NO to the heme group or the subsequent conformational changes.
Studies on the turnover of proteins of the rat erythrocyte membrane.

The membrane proteins of erythrocytes were labeled by injecting l-[14C]leucine and later l-[3H]leucine into rats, the two injections being 31 days apart. Control animals received the two isotopic forms of l-leucine simultaneously. Deviations in labeling ratio from control patterns were found on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophorograms in restricted regions suggestive of turnover or loss of a few small proteins from the membrane between the 31 days. Most of the ghost proteins show no turnover.
Slaves and Silver across the Strait of Gibraltar: Politics and Trade between Umayyad Iberia and Khārijite North Africa

Abstract Iberian Umayyad relations with the Ibāḍī Rustumids and the Ṣufrī Midrārids have not been well understood. After an initial period of Khārijite rebellion against the Umayyads in the 120s/740s, in which Khārijite revolutions in North Africa spilled over into the Iberian Peninsula, profound ties developed between the Umayyad amīrs, and the Midrārid and Rustumid imāms. In the far Maghrib, where ‘Abbāsid power did not reach, trade—especially the trade in human beings—brought these erstwhile political and religious enemies together. Relationships between these groups lasted well beyond the destruction of the Midrārid and Rustumid dynasties in the early fourth/tenth century. This paper re-examines the textual and numismatic evidence for Ibāḍī, Ṣufrī, Iberian Umayyad (and even early ‘Abbāsid) relations in order to propose that strong economic interests based primarily in the slave trade underlay the political ties that developed in the late second/eighth century between these groups.
Doing Gender, Doing Surgery: Women Surgeons in a Man's Profession

A central issue in the study of gender is whether women and men are fundamentally different or essentially the same. "Difference theorists" contend that women are, or tend to be, more nurturing, caring, and cooperative, as opposed to men, who are more independent, detached, and hierarchical. Inquiring whether women surgeons differ from their male colleagues, however, produced ambiguous and confusing data. More successful was an approach that examined process and interaction, rather than seeking binary oppositions and hypothesizing about deep structure. Concentrating on the processes of "doing" or "negotiating" gender made sense of otherwise confusing findings. In a profession where men (surgeons) traditionally "do dominance" while women (nurses) "do deference," female surgeons are sanctioned for displaying the dominant and agonistic behavior exhibited by their male colleagues.
Reproducible Research: Tools and Strategies for Scientific Computing

The guest editor presents the articles for this special issue on reproducible research for scientific computing.
Use of T cell subset monitoring in the study of clinical infectious disease problems

plex virus (8) have a decrease in the circulating helper-inducer cetl population {OKT4 + lymphocytes), an increase in the suppressor-cytotoxic cell population (OKT8 + lymphocytes), and an inversion in the ratio between the two (normal ~>1.5; in these instances <0.7). Clinical recovery is associated with a normalization in these values. In contrast, immunologically normal individuals with systemic bacterial infection have normal or elevated ratios. The increased ratios are related to the virulence of the infecting bacterium and the duration of the infectious process. Thus, patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia had a mean ratio of 2.75, as opposed to a mean ratio of 1.23 for patients with bacteremias due to the much less virulent Staphylococcus epidermidis; when patients with S. aureus endocarditis were compared to those with just transient bacteremia, the respective mean ratios were 8.49 and 2.75--reflecting the difference in duration and intensity in these two forms of staphylococcal bacteremia. In addition, the rate of normalization of the changes in ratio observed are also related to the extent of the infection. Whereas patients treated for bacteremias exhibited normal ratios within 10 days of the initiation of treatment, patients with endocarditis began to show normal ratios only after 4-6 weeks of therapy (4). Thus, T cell subset enumeration can help in generating a differential diag
A short-range order structural investigation of amorphous europium, gadolinium, and terbium hydrous oxides

Abstract The amorphous lanthanide hydrous oxides are structurally related to lanthanide oxyhydroxides and trihydroxides. The bulk short-range orders (SROs) of amorphous europium, gadolinium, and terbium hydrous oxides are the subject of this work. The instrumental arrangement, data collection, and data reduction are discussed. The scattering profiles are presented as well as the calculated interference functions, S i ( S ). SRO information was derived from calculated radial distribution functions (RDFs). The central metal atoms are nine-coordinated and the mean M-O bond distances where M = Eu, Gd, and Tb are 2.46(1), 2.44(3), and 2.41(1) A, respectively. Comparisons of experimentally obtained RDF curves to those calculated from crystalline systems were performed to lend credence to the experimental results.
Regional variations in the fluvial Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian(?) Kanayut Conglomerate, Brooks Range, Alaska

Abstract The wholly allochthonous Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian(?) Kanayut Conglomerate is one of the most extensive fluvial deposits in North America. It crops out for 950 km along the crest of the Brooks Range in a series of thrust plates and is as thick as 2615 m. The Kanayut forms the fluvial part of a large, coarse-grained delta. The lower part of the Kanayut (the Ear Peak Member) overlies marginal-marine and prodelta turbidite deposits and consists of fining-upward meandering-stream-channel cycles of conglomerate and sandstone within black to maroon floodplain shale deposits. The middle part of the Kanayut (the Shainin Lake Member) lacks shale and consists of fining-upward couplets of channelized conglomerate and parallel- to cross-stratified sandstone interpreted as braidplain deposits. These deposits contain the largest clasts (23 cm) and were deposited during maximum progradation of the fluvial sequence. The upper part of the Kanayut (the Stuver Member), which consists of fining-upward meandering stream cycles similar to those of the lower part, grades upward into overlying Lower Mississippian tidal and marginal-marine deposits. Paleocurrent data and distribution of largest clasts indicate that the Kanayut was deposited by southwest-flowing streams fed by at least two major trunk streams that drained a mountainous region to the north and east. Comparison of stratigraphic and sedimentologic data collected at three selected locations representative of proximal, intermediate and distal parts of the Kanayut basin reveal regional variations in its fluvial character. These include a decrease in total thickness of fluvial strata, an increase in total thickness of associated marine sandstone, the pinch-out of the coarse-grained middle part of the Kanayut and decreases in the conglomerate/sandstone and sandstone/shale ratios from proximal to distal areas of the basin. The coarse-grained parts of the fluvial cycles decrease in thickness and lateral extent from proximal to distal areas of the basin. In more distal areas of sedimentation, the middle parts of some fluvial cycles consist of calcareous and bioturbated marine sandstone. Although thinner than in more proximal areas, the associated fine-grained upper parts of some cycles also contain marine features and suggest that these strata represent the deposits of interdistributary bays. These features are interpreted to indicate that the proximal deposits of the Kanayut Conglomerate were deposited by large, stable fine-grained meandering rivers (the Ear Peak and Stuver Members) and gravelly braided rivers (Shainin Lake Member) on the upper delta plain of the Kanayut delta. Sedimentation in more distal locations, interpreted to represent lower delta plain deposits, was by smaller distributary rivers with characteristics of both braided and meandering streams. Near their interface with marginal marine deposits the fluvial deposits were locally strongly influenced by tidal or estuarine conditions.
Observational model for microarcsecond astrometry with the Space Interferometry Mission

The Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) is a space-based long-baseline optical interferometer for precision astrometry. One of the primary objectives of the SIM instrument is to accurately determine the directions to a grid of stars, together with their proper motions and parallaxes, improving a priori knowledge by nearly three orders of magnitude. The basic astrometric observable of the instrument is the path-length delay, a measurement made by a combination of internal metrology measurements that determine the distance the starlight travels through the two arms of the interferometer and a measurement of the white light stellar fringe to find the point of equal path length. Because this operation requires a nonnegligible integration time to accurately measure the stellar fringe position, the interferometer baseline vector is not stationary over this time period, as its absolute length and orientation are time-varying. This conflicts with the consistency condition necessary for extracting the astrometric parameters, which requires a stationary baseline vector. We address how the time-varying baseline is "regularized" so that it can act as a single baseline vector for multiple stars, and thereby establishing the fundamental operation of the instrument.
Many-body wave function in a dipole blockade configuration

We report the results of simulations of the many atom wave function when a cold gas is excited to highly excited states. We simulated the many body wave function by direct numerical solution of Schr\"odinger's equation. We investigated the fraction of atoms excited and the correlation of excited atoms in the gas for different types of excitation when the blockade region was small compared to the sample size. We also investigated the blockade effect when the blockade region is comparable to the sample size to determine the sensitivity of this system and constraints for quantum information.
Prediction of swerving motion of a dual-spin projectile with lateral pulse jets in atmospheric flight

Using the linear theory for a dual-spin projectile in atmospheric flight, closed form expressions are obtained for swerving motion under the action of lateral pulse jets. Trajectory results generated by the linear theory equations and a fully nonlinear seven degree-of-freedom dual spin projectile model agree favorably. The analytic solution provides a relatively straightforward and computationally efficient means of trajectory estimation which is useful within smart weapon flight control systems. In order to accurately predict the impact point using the analytic solution, the dual-spin projectile linear model must be updated periodically. Terminal impact point prediction degrades rapidly as the linear model update interval is increased beyond a critical value. Control authority, as defined by the change in impact location due to a pulse jet firing, steadily decreases as a function of projectile down range position.