cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heuristic evaluation of ambient displays

We present a technique for evaluating the usability and effectiveness of ambient displays. Ambient displays are abstract and aesthetic peripheral displays portraying non-critical information on the periphery of a user's attention. Although many innovative displays have been published, little existing work has focused on their evaluation, in part because evaluation of ambient displays is difficult and costly. We adapted a low-cost evaluation technique, heuristic evaluation, for use with ambient displays. With the help of ambient display designers, we defined a modified set of heuristics. We compared the performance of Nielsen's heuristics and our heuristics on two ambient displays. Evaluators using our heuristics found more, severe problems than evaluators using Nielsen's heuristics. Additionally, when using our heuristics, 3-5 evaluators were able to identify 40--60% of known usability issues. This implies that heuristic evaluation is an effective technique for identifying usability issues with ambient displays.
A functionally significant polymorphism in ID3 is associated with human coronary pathology.

Aims We previously identified association between the ID3 SNP rs11574 and carotid intima-media thickness in the Diabetes Heart Study, a predominantly White diabetic population. The nonsynonymous SNP rs11574 results in an amino acid substitution in the C-terminal region of ID3, attenuating the dominant negative function of ID3 as an inhibitor of basic HLH factor E12-mediated transcription. In the current investigation, we characterize the association between the functionally significant polymorphism in ID3, rs11574, with human coronary pathology. Methods and Results The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) is a longitudinal study of subclinical cardiovascular disease, including non-Hispanic White (n = 2,588), African American (n = 2,560) and Hispanic (n = 2,130) participants with data on coronary artery calcium (CAC). The Coronary Assessment in Virginia cohort (CAVA) included 71 patients aged 30–80 years, undergoing a medically necessary cardiac catheterization and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) at the University of Virginia. ID3 SNP rs11574 risk allele was associated with the presence of CAC in MESA Whites (P = 0.017). In addition, the risk allele was associated with greater atheroma burden and stenosis in the CAVA cohort (P = 0.003, P = 0.04 respectively). The risk allele remained predictive of atheroma burden in multivariate analysis (Model 1: covariates age, gender, and LDL, regression coefficient = 9.578, SE = 3.657, p = 0.0110; Model 2: covariates Model 1, presence of hypertension, presence of diabetes, regression coefficient = 8.389, SE = 4.788, p = 0.0163). Conclusions We present additional cohorts that demonstrate association of ID3 SNP rs11574 directly with human coronary artery pathology as measured by CAC and IVUS: one a multiethnic, relatively healthy population with low levels of diabetes and the second a predominantly White population with a higher incidence of T2DM referred for cardiac catheterization.
Second-generation RISC floating point with multiply-add fused

A 440000-transistor second-generation RISC (reduced instruction set computer) floating-point chip is described. The pipeline latency is only two cycles, and a double-precision result is produced every cycle. System throughput and accuracy are increased by using a floating-point multiply-add-fused unit, which carries out a double-precision accumulate as a two-cycle pipelined execution with only one rounding error. While the cycle time (40 ns) is competitive with other CMOS RISC systems, the floating-point performance stretches to the range of bipolar RISC systems (7.4-13 MFLOPS LINPACK). Leading zero anticipation makes the two-cycle pipeline possible by nearly eliminating the additional postnormalization time, and it allows for reduced overall system latency. Partial decode shifters allow complete time sharing for the multiply and data alignment. Improved design techniques for logarithmic addition and higher order counters for multiplication complete this second-generation RISC floating-point unit design. >
Language features for discrete simulation

Abstract Simulation languages have evolved as perceived needs have evolved, and now provide numerous important features for modeling and simulation. It is instructive to compare features of simulation language with those of general-purpose languages, to see how the simulation-specific features are combined with general-purpose features. This paper provides a survey of discrete simulation language features, categorized by sequence-control (including both general-purpose features and simulation time-control features), and data structures and related operations for accommodating special simulation requirements. Some other prevalent simulation language features are also summarized. Examples are drawn from various discrete simulation languages, to illustrate syntactic approaches for achieving the various language features.
Effect of exercise and training on the blood of normal and splenectomized rats.

The immediate and chronic effects of exercise on hematocrit, hemoglobin and red cell fragility have been studied in splenectomized and sham-operated rats. The training program consisted of an initial 35 minute swim in water at 35 ° C. The duration of the swim was increased 5 minutes per day until reaching 60 minutes and continued for 42 days. Splenectomization had no effect on organ weights, hemoglobin content, hematocrit or red cell fragility. The adrenals and heart ventricles of the trained animals were heavier, whereas their livers and spleens were significantly smaller. Training had no effect on per cent hemoglobin or hematocrit, however, red cells from trained animals were less resistant to osmotic pressure. No differences in hemoglobin or hematocrits were found between splenectomized and sham-operated animals immediately after exercise. It is concluded that in the rat the spleen does not make a significant contribution to these components of blood during exercise.
Visual word recognition in two facial motion conditions: full-face versus lips-plus-mandible

The present study used a new method to develop video sequences that limited exposure of facial movement. A repeated-measures design was used to investigate the visual recognition of 60 monosyllabic spoken words, presented in an open set format, for two face exposure conditions (full-face vs. lips-plus-mandible). Twenty-six normal hearing college students and 4 adults with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss speechread a video laserdisc presentation of a male talker under the two face exposure conditions. Percent phoneme correct scores were similar in the part-face and full-face conditions. However, scores significantly improved for the repeated measure independent of the face exposure condition observed. The results suggested that speechreaders (a) can recognize monosyllabic words in video sequences that provide information only about movements of the lips-plus-mandible region and (b) are sensitive to practice effects.
Hyperglycemia as a cause of diabetic retinopathy

Diabetes mellitus is marked by hyperglycemia and a variety of other metabolic disorders. The significance of hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy has proven difficult to evaluate in patients. Diabetic dogs are known to develop retinal lesions morphologically identical to those typical of diabetes in man, provided hyperglycemia in the animal is allowed to persist at least for many months and usually for 3 to 5 years. The development of retinopathy in this animal model can be inhibited by careful improvement of diabetic (glycemic) control. Comparable retinopathy has recently been found to develop in nondiabetic dogs as a result of experimental galactosemia of several years' duration. Included in this retinopathy and in the retinopathy of diabetic patients and dogs as well are saccular capillary aneurysms, hemorrhages, nonperfused or acellular vessels, varicose vessels, and loss of capillary pericytes. Retinal capillary basement membrane has been measured (to date) in two dogs that had been galactosemic for 5 years, and it was found to be significantly thicker than in normal dogs (P less than 0.01). Many metabolic abnormalities typical of diabetes are absent from galactosemic dogs. Unlike diabetic dogs, the blood levels of glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, and fibrinogen are not elevated in the galactosemic dogs, and their serum insulin concentration seems normal. Excessive blood hexose itself appears to be an important determinant of retinopathy. One possible mechanism by which excessive blood hexose might produce retinopathy involves the polyol pathway.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Beyond Lecture: Active Learning Strategies that Work

(1995). Beyond Lecture: Active Learning Strategies that Work. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 21-24.
Minimizing expected energy consumption for streaming applications with linear dependencies on chip multiprocessors

Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) is a widely applied power management mechanism in real-time systems. We propose an algorithm for scheduling periodic hard real-time streaming applications with linear dependencies and known probability distributions of computational requirements on chip multiprocessors (CMP). The goal of the scheduling is to minimize the expected energy consumption while satisfying two quality of service (QoS) requirements: throughput and response time. Our experiments show significant energy savings (up to 55%) over scheduling when only the worst case computational requirements are known. In addition, while dynamically reclaiming processor idle time across multiple processors yields small benefit when scheduling is based on the probability distribution of computational requirements, it results in significant energy savings when scheduling for the worst case, especially for applications with short deadlines.
Uterine glands: development, function and experimental model systems

Development of uterine glands (adenogenesis) in mammals typically begins during the early post-natal period and involves budding of nascent glands from the luminal epithelium and extensive cell proliferation in these structures as they grow into the surrounding stroma, elongate and mature. Uterine glands are essential for pregnancy, as demonstrated by the infertility that results from inhibiting the development of these glands through gene mutation or epigenetic strategies. Several genes, including forkhead box A2, beta-catenin and members of the Wnt and Hox gene families, are implicated in uterine gland development. Progestins inhibit uterine epithelial proliferation, and this has been employed as a strategy to develop a model in which progestin treatment of ewes for 8 weeks from birth produces infertile adults lacking uterine glands. More recently, mouse models have been developed in which neonatal progestin treatment was used to permanently inhibit adenogenesis and adult fertility. These studies revealed a narrow and well-defined window in which progestin treatments induced permanent infertility by impairing neonatal gland development and establishing endometrial changes that result in implantation defects. These model systems are being utilized to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying uterine adenogenesis and endometrial function. The ability of neonatal progestin treatment in sheep and mice to produce infertility suggests that an approach of this kind may provide a contraceptive strategy with application in other species. Recent studies have defined the temporal patterns of adenogenesis in uteri of neonatal and juvenile dogs and work is underway to determine whether neonatal progestin or other steroid hormone treatments might be a viable contraceptive approach in this species.
A broadband power amplifier design based on the extended resonance power combining technique

A 4-to-10 GHz power amplifier based on a modified extended resonance power combining technique is presented. The 4-device power amplifier presented here has a small signal gain of 9.9 dB with a 2-dB bandwidth of 6.5 GHz. More importantly, this design demonstrates an output power level of 31.9 dBm at 1-dB compression with power combining efficiencies around 90% over most of the bandwidth of interest. The modified extended resonant combining technique enables the design of planar-circuit based power amplifiers with compact layout and broadband performance similar to the distributed power amplifiers with improved power combining efficiency.
The Nitrate Transporter AtNRT1.1 (CHL1) Functions in Stomatal Opening and Contributes to Drought Susceptibility in Arabidopsis

The movement of guard cells in stomatal complexes controls water loss and CO(2) uptake in plants. Examination of the dual-affinity nitrate transporter gene AtNRT1.1 (CHL1) revealed that it is expressed and functions in Arabidopsis guard cells. CHL1 promoter-beta-glucuronidase and CHL1 promoter-green fluorescent protein constructs showed strong expression in guard cells, and immunolocalization experiments with anti-CHL1 antibody confirmed these results. To assess CHL1 function, chl1 mutant plants grown in the presence of nitrate were examined. Compared with wild-type plants, chl1 mutants had reduced stomatal opening and reduced transpiration rates in the light or when deprived of CO(2) in the dark. These effects result in enhanced drought tolerance in chl1 mutants. At the cellular level, chl1 mutants showed reduced nitrate accumulation in guard cells during stomatal opening and failed to show nitrate-induced depolarization of guard cells. In wild-type guard cells, nitrate induced depolarization, and nitrate concentrations increased threefold during stomatal opening. These results identify an anion transporter that functions in stomatal opening and demonstrate that CHL1 supports stomatal function in the presence of nitrate.
Heritability of Attitudes Constrains Dynamic Social Impact

Three studies tested the hypothesis that there are genetic constraints on group-level self-organization. In Study 1, an analysis of archival data reported in Eaves, Eysenck, and Martin showed that large groups of monozygotic and dizygotic twins display greater group-level diversity of opinions on issues with higher heritabilities. Results of Study 2 suggested that small groups discussing opinion issues that were higher in heritability showed less tendency toward consolidation (reduction in diversity). Study 3 was a field study showing that students living in a campus housing complex showed less geographic clustering of attitudes on issues with a larger genetic component. Theoretical and practical implications of heritability constraints on dynamic social impact are discussed.
Everyday Problem Solving and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living: Support for Domain Specificity

Research suggests that performance on cognitive tasks resembling daily challenges (i.e., everyday problem-solving tasks) may be a better indicator of functional ability in old age compared to traditional measures of cognitive ability. Findings demonstrating this link, however, have yielded mixed results. The current study examined performance on the Everyday Problems Test (EPT) and self-reported ability to perform Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) in a sample of adults over age 50. The EPT measures cognitive performance on tasks with domains consistent with IADLs (telephone use, shopping, meal preparation, housekeeping, transportation, health and finances). Although overall EPT scores and self-reported IADLs were significantly related (rs = 0.20; p < 0.05), additional analyses revealed that domain-specific EPT performance related to IADL reports within the same domain for shopping, meal preparation, housekeeping, and financial management after accounting for other variables such as age, sex, and measures of cognitive ability including total EPT score. These findings suggest that domain-specific performance on cognitive everyday problem-solving tasks may add to the predictability of specific IADLs.
The Maddening Methods of Harold D. Lasswell: Some Philosophical Underpinnings

H DL's METHODS are maddening of course only to those who do not want to understand them in the first place. This is as true today as it was thirty years ago when I first encountered the opening chapter of World Politics and Personal Insecurity, entitled "The Configurative Analysis of the World Value Pyramids." I was a student then of something called "international relations," a rather dissonant potpourri of diplomatic history, international law, and current events. His book was quite a shocker-an encounter, as I said. I sought to get some guidance from my teachers, but they shrugged him off as an eccentric and inconsequential. (Needless to say, perhaps, this was at U.C., Berkeley, not U.C., Chicago). To this day I am not sure whether it was what Lasswell said or how he said it that offended the sensibilities of political scientists. In conversations about him I sensed a good deal of respect for an intellectual effort that was not understood, but there was always some comment that he was slightly mad, and that what he wrote should not be taken too seriously. There was, of course, the overt resistance to the psychoanalytic vocabulary and to his neologisms, but I felt that this was not the real source of scholarly discomfort. More revelant, I think, was the dim realization that Lasswell was a more consistent and threatening advocate than others of the "behavioral revolution" in political science that smoldered at the University of Chicago in the late twenties and thirties. He seemed the most uncompromising in a movement which conventional political science could not easily co-opt precisely because its incorporation would mean the end of the ancestral order. But as long as the behavioral revolution was only a one-campus revolt, the prevailing attitude was one of condescension toward Lasswell and the happy few who appreciated him.
Race and diet in the overweight: association with cardiovascular risk in a nationally representative sample.

Abstract Objective Because dietary differences may account for much of the racial and ethnic disparities in cardiovascular risk status, we evaluate the effect of race on cardiovascular risk after adjustment for dietary factors. Methods Prevalence of healthy diets in overweight U.S. adults (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m 2 , age ≥ 18 y) by race or ethnicity was determined by using 24-h dietary recalls from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 1999 to 2000. Dietary recalls included daily total calories, percentage of calories obtained from saturated fat, cholesterol, dietary fiber, and sodium and potassium intakes. Logistic regressions were used to evaluate the association between race/ethnicity, dietary factors, and cardiovascular risk markers (high levels of total cholesterol, C-reactive protein, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure and low levels of high-density lipoprotein). Results The percentage of respondents who met healthy diet parameters ranged from 11.2 to 63.3. Non-Hispanic whites without diagnosed disease were less likely to have healthy diets than were African Americans or Hispanics, except with regard to cholesterol and fiber intake. After controlling for dietary factors, African American ethnicity was associated with a lower risk of hypercholesterolemia (odds ratio 0.587, 95% confidence interval 0.403 to 0.855), lower level of high-density lipoprotein (odds 0.440, 95% confidence interval 0.236 to 0.763), and a greater risk of high systolic blood pressure (odds ratio 2.383, 95% confidence interval 1.043 to 5.442) compared to whites. Conclusions Differences in adherence to healthy diet parameters by race/ethnicity exist. However, after adjustment for diet and other modifiable factors, African Americans have a decreased risk of hypercholesterolemia and low level of high-density lipoprotein but an increased risk of systolic hypertension. Further research into the genetic basis for these differences is suggested.
Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton by Rho Kinase Controls Antigen Presentation by CD1d

CD1d molecules are MHC class I-like molecules that present lipid Ags to NKT cells. Although we have previously shown that several different cell signaling molecules can play a role in the control of Ag presentation by CD1d, a defined mechanism by which a cell signaling pathway regulates CD1d function has been unclear. In the current study, we have found that the Rho kinases, Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK)1 and ROCK2, negatively regulate both human and mouse CD1d-mediated Ag presentation. Inhibition of ROCK pharmacologically, through specific ROCK1 and ROCK2 short hairpin RNA, or by using dendritic cells generated from ROCK1-deficient mice all resulted in enhanced CD1d-mediated Ag presentation compared with controls. ROCK regulates the actin cytoskeleton by phosphorylating LIM kinase, which, in turn, phosphorylates cofilin, prohibiting actin fiber depolymerization. Treatment of APCs with the actin filament depolymerizing agent, cytochalasin D, as well as knockdown of LIM kinase by short hairpin RNA, resulted in enhanced Ag presentation to NKT cells by CD1d, consistent with our ROCK inhibition data. Therefore, our overall results reveal a model whereby CD1d-mediated Ag presentation is negatively regulated by ROCK via its effects on the actin cytoskeleton.
Cardiopulmonary effects of a new inspiratory impedance threshold device in anesthetized hypotensive dogs.

Abstract Objective To compare the hemodynamic and respiratory effects of an inspiratory impedance threshold device (ITD) in anesthetized normotensive and hypotensive dogs. Study design Prospective randomized study. Animals Ten adult dogs. Methods Dogs were anesthetized with propofol followed by isoflurane. During spontaneous ventilation, tidal volume ( V ˙ ), systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, gastric PCO2 as an indicator of gastric perfusion, subcutaneous oxygen tension, subcutaneous blood flow, cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance and blood lactate were monitored. To monitor respiratory compliance (RC) and resistance (ResR), animals were briefly placed on mechanical ventilation. Dogs were studied under four different conditions: 1) normotension (MAP > 60 mmHg) with and without the ITD and 2) hypotension (target MAP = 40 mmHg) with and without ITD. These four conditions were performed during one anesthetic period, allowing for stabilization of parameters for each condition. Data were analyzed by anova repeated measure mixed models. Results No cardiovascular changes were detected between no ITD and ITD in the normotensive state. During hypotension, CI was higher with the ITD (5 ± 1.0 L minute−1 m−2) compared with no ITD (4 ± 1.3 L minute−1 m−2). During hypotension, SAP was increased with ITD (80 ± 14 mmHg) versus without ITD (67 ± 13 mmHg). There was an increase in ResR and decreased RC with the ITD in both normotensive and hypotensive state. Conclusion and clinical relevance Impedance threshold device in dogs during isoflurane-induced hypotension improved CI and SAP but had negative effects on RC and ResR.
Dependability through Assured Reconfiguration in Embedded System Software

In many software systems, properties necessary for dependable operation are only a small subset of all desirable system properties. Assuring properties over the simpler subset can provide assurance of critical properties over the entire system. This work provides a method for constructing systems to be dependably reconfigurable. A system's primary function can have less demanding dependability requirements than the overall system because the system can reconfigure to some simpler function. Reconfiguration thus controls the effective complexity of the system without forcing that system to sacrifice desired, but unassurable, capabilities. Focusing a system's dependability argument on reconfiguration means that reconfiguration must proceed correctly with very high assurance. The system construction approach in this work also provides a method through which system dependability properties can be shown. To illustrate the ideas in this work, we have built part of a hypothetical avionics system that is typical of what might be found on an unmanned aerial vehicle
The role of defects on the performance of nanotube chemiresistors

The influence of defects on the behavior of nanotube chemiresistors has not been widely explored. This paper shows defects play an important role in the behavior of carbon nanotube sensors. Several key effects are seen: an increase in sensitivity due to stronger binding at the defects, a substantial increase in resistance, a change in the main sensing mechanism from process that occur on the junctions to processes that occur on the nanotubes, the onset of Poole-Frenkel conduction at higher currents, and the onset of current stimulated desorption. These effects are reviewed in the paper.
Semantics And Cognition

Buku ini merupakan volume ke delapan dalam seri Current Studies in Linguistics. Buku ini mencoba menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan linguistik seperti konsep makna dan juga tentang struktur makna.
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of DMP 728, a platelet GPIIb/IIIa antagonist, in healthy subjects

DMP 728 showed a dose-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation at doses of 0.05 to 0.9 mg per subject, with a maximal inhibition (> 90%) of platelet aggregation at doses of 0.9 mg per subject and higher. Minimal changes in bleeding time from baseline were observed at doses up to 0.6 mg per subject. At the 0.9 mg/subject dose level, bleeding time was prolonged by approximately twofold to threefold above the baseline. At higher doses (1.5 mg/subject to 3.9 mg/subject), bleeding time prolongation was > 30 minutes during the infusion. In all dose groups, bleeding times returned to the control value within 8 hours after cessation of the infusion. Maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve of DMP 728 increased linearly and proportionally to the dose. No clinical changes in vital signs, 12-lead electrocardiograms, physical examinations, coagulation tests, or stool hemoccult tests were observed at any of the doses. In conclusion, DMP 728 is a potent antiplatelet agent and well tolerated at doses ranging from 0.05 to 3.0 mg/subject.
Secondary analysis of a scoping review of health promotion interventions for persons with disabilities: Do health promotion interventions for people with mobility impairments address secondary condition reduction and increased community participation?

Abstract Background Secondary conditions can have very serious outcomes for people with physical disabilities. Such consequences can range from immobility due to pressure sores to withdrawal and isolation due to depression, decreasing participation in the community. Objective/Hypothesis To further investigate these assumptions, we conducted a review of the literature on health promotion interventions that include physical activity for adults with disabilities to determine whether they have a positive effect on the reduction of secondary conditions and increased community participation. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of the results of a scoping review of health promotion programs containing physical activity for people with mobility impairments (N = 5). This secondary analysis examined the relationship between health promotion containing physical activity and prevention of secondary conditions among people with various physical disabilities. We further examined evidence and effects of independent variables on the outcome of increased community participation for study participants. Results The outcomes from this investigation are varied, with 2 studies providing evidence of reducing secondary conditions while another shared anecdotal statements referencing a decrease in secondary conditions. Of the remaining 2 studies in this paper, 1 showed no intervention effect on reducing secondary conditions while the remaining study reported an increase in secondary conditions. Regarding increased participation in the community, 2 of 5 studies directly reported on these outcomes, while increased community participation was referenced in another 2 articles, but without any data presented. The final study did not report on any post intervention in the community. Conclusions This review demonstrates that research on health promotion interventions containing physical activity lack description about whether such interventions help reduce or prevent secondary conditions. Additionally, the review shows that further work is needed in terms of sustaining health programs effects beyond the initial proximal activity gains, with attention given toward more distal outcomes of increased participant participation in the community.
Communication and the Sense of Community among the Members of an Immigrant Group

This article develops the concept of sense of community and the communication concepts of expenditure of effort in the acquisition of information, likelihood that sources will provide desired information, and volume of information secured from sources. It examines these factors as predictors of the sense of community displayed toward each other by Trinidadian and Jamaican immigrants in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan tanarea. Stepwise multiple regressions revealed that the likelihood of friends and acquaintances providing desired information was the only significant predictor of the sense of community Trinidadian immigrants display toward Jamaican immigrants. However, the volume of information secured from immigrant community-oriented radio programs was the only significant predictor of the sense of community Jamaican immigrants displayed toward Trinidadian immigrants. Expenditure of effort was not a significant factor in the prediction of the sense of community that either group displayed toward the o...
Composition and mechanical properties of rf-sputtered amorphous silicon carbide coating

Thin films of amorphous silicon carbide, synthesized by sputtering from Si single-crystal and high-purity graphite targets and deposited on Si crystals and fused silica, were studied with respect to their chemical composition and their influence on the mechanical properties of the substrates. Specifically, data were taken for microhardness, static friction, and sliding friction. The results suggest some improvement in these properties from amorphous SiC coatings, though breakup of very thin SiC films under load can be detrimental.
An Immunohistochemical Study of Gelsolin Immunoreactivity in Corneal Amyloidosis

A variant of the actin-modulating protein gelsolin has recently been identified as a component of the amyloid deposits in familial amyloidosis, Finnish type (Meretoja's syndrome), and has been demonstrated immunohistochemically in amyloid deposits in the cornea, and in the skin, kidney, heart, thyroid gland, salivary gland, and rectum of patients with this disease. With the use of immunohistochemistry involving an antibody against gelsolin, we examined a corneal specimen from a patient with Meretoja's syndrome and 14 corneal specimens with lattice dystrophy type I, atypical lattice dystrophy, polymorphic amyloid degeneration, primary familial amyloidosis, or secondary corneal amyloidosis. Our results showed the presence of a gelsolin-related protein either within or around corneal amyloid deposits in nine of the 15 specimens and markedly increased anti-gelsolin immunoreactivity of the corneal keratocytes in 13 of the 15 diseased corneas. These data indicated that the accumulation of gelsolin may be seen in various forms of amyloidosis and may not be confined to Meretoja's syndrome.
SELECTED PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7th CONFERENCE ON THE ACQUISITION OF SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE AS FIRST AND SECOND LANGUAGES

SELECTED PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7th CONFERENCE ON THE ACQUISITION OF SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE AS FIRST AND SECOND LANGUAGES. Carol A. Klee and Timothy L. Face (Eds.) . Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, 2006. Pp. vi + 194. $220.00 cloth. The papers included in this volume were presented at the 7th Conference on the Acquisition of Spanish and Portuguese as First and Second Languages (hosted jointly with the 8th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium) in October 2004. Although the title would imply a mixture of papers on first language (L1) and second language (L2) topics from both Spanish and Portuguese languages, the overwhelming majority pertain to Spanish SLA. None of the 15 papers focus on Portuguese acquisition, and only one study specifically discusses L1 acquisition of Spanish morphology.
A new ceruloplasmin variant, Cp Galveston

An undescribed fast-migrating serum ceruloplasmin variant has been detected by acrylamide gel clectrophoresis with a double stain technique for ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin. The serum type migrated identically to ascites fluid ceruloplasmin from one alcoholic cirrhosis patient and three ovarian carcinoma patients.
Methodology for the use of primates in the exploration of hazardous environments.

Abstract : Three behavioral methods for the exploratory investigation of hazardous environments are discussed. These methods yield quantifiable data that allow rather accurate determinations of the magnitude of the insult (from lethal to barely detectable), as well as the duration, of the behavioral change.
On the kinematics of remotely-actuated continuum robots

Over the past several years, there has been a rapidly expanding interest in the study and construction of a new class of robot manipulators which utilize high degree of freedom, or continuous, backbone structures. In this paper, we consider and illustrate some basic properties of a class of "hyper-redundant" robots, known as "continuum" robots. We base our analysis around remotely-driven, tendon-actuated manipulators, such as the Rice/Clemson "Elephant's Trunk". We discuss such issues as the kinematic model, the relationship between tendon lengths and bending, and desirable design constraints for continuum robot mechanisms.
Level of Abstraction of Disagreements as a Determinant of Interpersonal Perception

Two experiments tested the hypothesis that the higher the level of abstraction of a disagreement between two individuals, the greater would be the damage of the disagreement to interpersonal perceptions. In the first experiment, paper and pencil stimulus persons differing in race (black-white) and agreement versus disagreement on values (highly abstract), norms, roles, and facilities beliefs (least abstract) were presented to subjects who indicated their evaluation of and behavioral intentions toward the stimuli. The hypothesis was partially supported. In the second, slides coordinated with tape recordings of a white foreman agreeing or disagreeing with a black or white worker were presented to eighty white and eighty black males who guessed how the foreman or worker would evaluate each other and how they would intend to behave toward each other. The agreements/disagreements differed in level of abstraction. The hypothesis was supported. In addition, the order of presentation of agreements was a determina...
NANOMATERIALS AS OPTICAL LIMITERS

Optical limiters based on several different classes of nanomaterials are reviewed. The systems under consideration include metal and semiconductor nanoparticles and nanoscale carbon materials. For the latter, the optical limiting properties of carbon nanoparticles, fullerenes, and suspended and solubilized carbon nanotubes are summarized and compared. Mechanistic implications of the available experimental results are discussed in terms of the comparison between nonlinear scattering versus nonlinear absorption as the dominating optical limiting mechanism for different nanomaterials and for different physico-chemical states of a nanomaterial.
Antimutagenesis and Cancer Prevention

We live in a virtual sea of mutagens and carcinogens. Ultraviolet radiation, components of our foods and beverages, and other substances in the environment are continually assaulting our genomes. Fortunately, nature has provided counteracting systems and substances. Much of the initial damage to our DNA is repaired, and much potential damage is prevented by antimutagens/anticarcinogens. We provide here a brief overview of the important early history of antimutagenesis, describe some of the assay systems used for studying antimutagens, cite briefly some typical results obtained with well known antimutagens, and introduce some discussion of their mechanisms. We conclude with some discussion of the importance of these compounds and suggestions for future research directions we believe could prove beneficial for human health.
Immunogenic Stimulus for Germline Precursors of Antibodies that Engage the Influenza Hemagglutinin Receptor-Binding Site

Influenza-virus antigenicity evolves to escape host immune protection. Antibody lineages within individuals evolve in turn to increase affinity and hence potency. Strategies for a "universal" influenza vaccine to elicit lineages that escape this evolutionary arms race and protect against seasonal variation and novel, pandemic viruses will require directing B cell ontogeny to focus the humoral response on conserved epitopes on the viral hemagglutinin (HA). The unmutated common ancestors (UCAs) of six distinct, broadly neutralizing antibody lineages from one individual bind the HA of a virus circulating at the time the participant was born. HAs of viruses circulating more than 5 years later no longer bind the UCAs, but mature antibodies in the lineages bind strains from the entire 18-year lifetime of the participant. The analysis shows how immunological memory shaped the response to subsequent influenza exposures and suggests that early imprinting by a suitable influenza antigen may enhance likelihood of later breadth.
Contribution of evanescent incident waves to the scattered far field

It is a common perception that evanescent waves do not contribute to the far field. On scattering, however, the evanescent incident field may contribute to both the homogeneous and the evanescent scattered waves. With the method of angular spectrum representation of plane waves, we calculate the ratio between the contributions of the evanescent and homogeneous incident waves to the scattered far field for a \ensuremath{\delta}-correlated scattering medium. The result may be applicable to the scattered near field of the scatterer as well as to the intermediate and far zones.
Sub-wavelength interferencing with thermal light

We reported sub-wavelength spatial interferencing with unity visibility with thermal light, measuring fringe width of 15 nm for a used 780 nm laser beam.
Management of tracheal stenosis in children

Management of tracheal stenosis in children. Objective: Review presentation and outcome in pediatric patients identified either because of complete tracheal ring malformation or those undergoing tracheal resection or partial cricoid resection with primary tracheal anastomosis. Design: Retrospective chart analysis in an academic tertiary referral pediatric hospital in the United States. Participants: Twenty-three children undergoing surgical repair of complete tracheal ring malformation from 1985 to 1995. Sixteen children with tracheal stenosis undergoing resection from 1984 to 1995. Results: In patients with complete tracheal rings the mortality rate is 39% (9/23) with 47% (11/23) now extubated. The recent mortality rate is 25% (2/8) with 62% (5/8) now extubated. Sixteen patients underwent tracheal resection or cricotracheal resection. Twelve patients had tracheal resection with primary tracheal anastomosis. Eleven of these are now decannulated (92%). Four patients underwent partial cricoid resection with primary thyrotracheal anastomosis. All of these patients are decannulated without need for further surgery (100%).
Betamethasone and the Hormonal Status of the Pregnant Diabetic Woman

A case is presented illustrating the complicating effects of antepartum steroids on a pregnant diabetic woman. The possible rapid deterioration of the diabetic state and the temporary suppression of estriol production are discussed.
Chemical and Explosive Identification Using Advanced Neutron Radiographic Techniques

The detection of chemicals or explosives for weapons is of technological interest. Radiographic techniques that take advantage of unique characteristics of such substances might have a role in their detection and identification. Imaging of an object is the first step in evaluating its identity, but specific detection of its chemical composition is another feature of importance. Because we must generally consider extended objects of mixed composition, active interrogation must be done with penetrating radiation. Although both fast neutrons and gamma rays might be candidates, only the neutrons can yield useful reaction radiation that is adequately characteristic of an object. Therefore, a combination of fast-neutron radiography and nuclear interrogation methods appears to be needed. Neutrons for nuclear interrogation have usually been provided by accelerators or radioactive sources. Some ideas derived from first-hand experience will be discussed.
A Systematic Analysis of Term Reuse and Term Overlap across Biomedical Ontologies.

Reusing ontologies and their terms is a principle and best practice that most ontology development methodologies strongly encourage. Reuse comes with the promise to support the semantic interoperability and to reduce engineering costs. In this paper, we present a descriptive study of the current extent of term reuse and overlap among biomedical ontologies. We use the corpus of biomedical ontologies stored in the BioPortal repository, and analyze different types of reuse and overlap constructs. While we find an approximate term overlap between 25-31%, the term reuse is only 90% semantic similarity, hinting that ontology developers tend to reuse terms that are sibling or parent-child nodes. We validate this finding by analysing the logs generated from a Protege plugin that enables developers to reuse terms from BioPortal. We find most reuse constructs were 2-level subtrees on the higher levels of the class hierarchy. We developed a Web application that visualizes reuse dependencies and overlap among ontologies, and that proposes similar terms from BioPortal for a term of interest. We also identified a set of error patterns that indicate that ontology developers did intend to reuse terms from other ontologies, but that they were using different and sometimes incorrect representations. Our results stipulate the need for semi-automated tools that augment term reuse in the ontology engineering process through personalized recommendations.
Finding Important Terms for Patients in Their Electronic Health Records: A Learning-to-Rank Approach Using Expert Annotations.

Background: Many health organizations allow patients to access their own electronic health record (EHR) notes through online patient portals as a way to enhance patient-centered care. However, EHR notes are typically long and contain abundant medical jargon that can be difficult for patients to understand. In addition, many medical terms in patients’ notes are not directly related to their health care needs. One way to help patients better comprehend their own notes is to reduce information overload and help them focus on medical terms that matter most to them. Interventions can then be developed by giving them targeted education to improve their EHR comprehension and the quality of care. Objective: We aimed to develop a supervised natural language processing (NLP) system called Finding impOrtant medical Concepts most Useful to patientS (FOCUS) that automatically identifies and ranks medical terms in EHR notes based on their importance to the patients. Methods: First, we built an expert-annotated corpus. For each EHR note, 2 physicians independently identified medical terms important to the patient. Using the physicians’ agreement as the gold standard, we developed and evaluated FOCUS. FOCUS first identifies candidate terms from each EHR note using MetaMap and then ranks the terms using a support vector machine-based learn-to-rank algorithm. We explored rich learning features, including distributed word representation, Unified Medical Language System semantic type, topic features, and features derived from consumer health vocabulary. We compared FOCUS with 2 strong baseline NLP systems. Results: Physicians annotated 90 EHR notes and identified a mean of 9 (SD 5) important terms per note. The Cohen’s kappa annotation agreement was .51. The 10-fold cross-validation results show that FOCUS achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) of 0.940 for ranking candidate terms from EHR notes to identify important terms. When including term identification, the performance of FOCUS for identifying important terms from EHR notes was 0.866 AUC-ROC. Both performance scores significantly exceeded the corresponding baseline system scores (P<.001). Rich learning features contributed to FOCUS’s performance substantially. Conclusions: FOCUS can automatically rank terms from EHR notes based on their importance to patients. It may help develop future interventions that improve quality of care. [JMIR Med Inform 2016;4(4):e40]
Biweekly cisplatin (C) and gemcitabine (G) in patients (pts) with advanced biliary tract cancer (ABTC): A retrospective analysis.

434Background: Based on the ABC 02 trial, standard therapy for ABTC is CG for up to 8 cycles. However, a recent abstract (Doherty et al, ASCO 2016) confirmed that a cohort of pts does benefit from continued therapy. The weekly administration of G and C can add significant toxicities that may prohibit prolonged treatment (trmt). Previous studies have shown that a biweekly schedule (Ko AH et al JCO 2012) of fixed dose rate (FDR) G helps optimize the prescribed regimen with an improved toxicity profile and added convenience to pts while maintaining efficacy. Methods: Pts with ABTC treated with FDR G (1000mg/m2 at 10mg/m2/min) with C 20mg/m2(GC) on days 1 and 15 of every 28-day cycle were included for analysis. Pts received trmt until time of progression. Data was collected including demographics, clinico-pathologic features, toxicities and survival. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to calculate the median overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). Results: The study included 109 evaluable pts wi...
Polyphenols and Breast Cancer Prevention: A Summary of the Epidemiologic Evidence

Phenolic compounds (e.g., flavonoids, lignans, stilbenes, and phenolic acids) are plant metabolites found in fruits, legumes, spices, tea, wine, cocoa, and coffee and may contribute to nutritional breast cancer prevention. This chapter describes intake levels in different populations, reviews epidemiologic evidence for their breast cancer protective effect, and presents examples of studies that examine the relationship between polyphenols and biomarkers. Based on the current literature, the evidence that consumption of plant-based phenolic compounds prevents breast cancer protective is quite limited. However, for individual categories of polyphenols, foremost isoflavones, lignans, flavones, and flavonols, possible protective associations have emerged. Coffee consumption also looks promising, whereas the studies on black tea do not support a breast cancer lowering effect. Epidemiologic studies with sufficient sample size and adequate exposure assessment by questionnaire or biomarker are needed to understand specific patterns of plant food phenols that would support dietary recommendations.
Becoming an Advocate: Processes and Outcomes of a Relationship-Centered Advocacy Training Model ψ:

Counseling programs across the country are increasingly incorporating social justice advocacy training into their curricula. However, much remains to be learned about the developmental processes by...