cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Digital house calls: US healthcare professionals and online media communication

AbstractThe popularity and increased use of online interaction and social media websites is certain to impact the healthcare profession. As 80% of Americans with Internet access search for health information, it is important for healthcare professionals (HCP) to adapt to the needs of their clients. Through the use of an online survey of HCP, this study offers insight into their current interest and use of online media. The findings indicate that many HCP have little interest in participating in online interaction with patients and are deterred by issues of privacy and liability. Applying a theoretical framework of uses and gratifications, our study addresses HCP motivations for interacting online, both professionally and personally. Analysis reveals that HCPs have three dominant motivations for using online social media: professional self-expression, social entertainment, and convenience. Relationships are noted between motivations for use and frequency of social media activity. Findings inform best pract...
Effectiveness of Continuous Passive Motion in an Inpatient Rehabilitation Hospital After Total Knee Replacement: A Matched Cohort Study

Objective To examine the use of continuous passive motion (CPM) as an adjunct to physical therapy after total knee replacement in patients who were transferred to an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) and to compare the effectiveness of CPM on active range of motion (AROM), functional tasks, destination after discharge, the need for home care services, and the ambulation device at discharge. Design Matched cohort study. Setting IRF. Participants Patients admitted to a rehabilitation setting after total knee replacement surgery with an initial AROM for knee flexion of less than 75° at admission to the IRF. From this initial population, a matched sample of 61 patient pairs was included in the analysis (61 who used the CPM and 61 who did not receive the adjunct therapy). Intervention Use of CPM for 2 hours per day as an adjunct to the 3 hours of physical and occupational therapy customary in an IRF. Main Outcomes Primary outcomes were discharge active knee flexion ROM and flexion gain. Secondary outcomes were motor, cognitive, and total Functional Independence Measure scores; discharge ambulation device; destination after discharge; and the need for home care services after the inpatient stay. Results The outcome variables of 61 matched pairs of CPM users and non-CPM users were reported. No statistically significant differences were found in any of the outcome variables that were compared in this matched case design, including AROM knee, flexion gain, discharge to the community, need for home care services after discharge, and discharge with cane/no device. No significant difference was found in all functional scores as measured by the Functional Independence Measure scale. Conclusion For this population, we determined at one facility that less than 30% are provided with a CPM as an adjunct to physical therapy. Using a matched cohort design, we compared CPM use with non-CPM use and determined that the application of CPM may not significantly influence ROM gain.
Extraction of electronic structural information on the grain-boundaries of Pd-based polycrystalline specimens with transmission electron energy loss spectroscopy

Abstract The grain-boundaries/surfaces play a vital role in the mechanical and electronic properties of a material. The importance of understanding their structure, therefore, cannot be overstressed. In a scanning transmission electron microscope, electron energy loss spectroscopy has long been used to study the electronic structure of the bulk material of a specimen while various efforts have been made to suppress the contribution to the spectrum from the surface electronic excitations. However, in this paper we demonstrate the possibility of extracting this surface loss component so as to obtain electronic structural information from the grain-boundaries/surfaces. This technique is applied to specimens of fresh and aged polycrystalline Pd films as well as a hydrogen-charged PdH polycrystalline film.
Modeling MOSFET surface capacitance behavior under non-equilibrium

Abstract A normalized analytical solution for the capacitance associated with a MOSFET surface under non-equilibrium conditions is presented. It is shown that this model can be mapped into an equivalent equilibrium problem with 98% accuracy for near intrinsic samples (UB ≅ 2). The precision becomes even better for highly doped semiconductors. The physics behind this transformation is explained and nomograms generated to present data in a highly normalized form.
Lack of efficacy of transdermal nicotine in smoking cessation.

To the Editor: The Transdermal Nicotine in Cardiac Patients Study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial designed to test the safety and efficacy of transdermal nicotine as an aid...
Enhancement of (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity of human erythrocyte membranes by hemolysis in isosmotic imidazole buffer. I. General properties of variously prepared membranes and the mechanism of the isosmotic imidazole effect.

Abstract 1. 1. Membranes prepared from human erythrocytes hemolyzed in isosmotic (310 imosM) imidazole buffer, pH 7.4, show enhanced and stabilised ( Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ )-ATPase activity compared with membranes prepared from erythrocytes hemolyzed in hypotonic (20 imosM) phosphate or imidazole buffer, pH 7.4. 2. 2. Exposure of intact erythrocytes or well-washed erythrocyte membranes to isosmotic imidazole does not cause enhanced ( Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ )-ATPase activity. 3. 3. Exposure of erythrocyte membranes, in the presence of isosmotic imidazole, to the supernatant of erythrocyte hemolysis or to a partially purified endogenous ( Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ )-ATPase activator, promotes enhanced ( Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ )-ATPase activity. Under appropriate conditions, NaCl can be shown to substitute for imidazole. The results demonstrate that imidazole does not act directly on the erythrocyte membrane but rather by promoting interaction between an endogenous ( Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ )-ATPase activator and the erythrocyte membrane.
Novel signaling pathways involved in sperm acquisition of fertilizing capacity.

Abstract Capacitation is a complex series of molecular events that occurs in sperm after epididymal maturation and confers on sperm the ability to fertilize an egg. This process can be mimicked in vitro in defined media, the composition of which is based on the electrolyte concentration of oviductal fluid. In most cases, capacitation media contain energy substrates, such as pyruvate, lactate and glucose, a cholesterol acceptor (usually serum albumin), NaHCO 3 , Ca 2+ , low K + , and physiological Na + concentrations. The mechanism of action by which these compounds promote capacitation is poorly understood at the molecular level; however, some molecular events significant to the initiation of capacitation have been identified. For example, capacitation correlates with cholesterol efflux from the sperm plasma membrane, increased membrane fluidity, modulations in intracellular ion concentrations, hyperpolarization of the sperm plasma membrane and increased protein tyrosine phosphorylation. These molecular events are required for the subsequent induction of hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction. This review discusses the recent progress that has been made in elucidating mechanisms which regulate sperm capacitation.
Design considerations for merged transistor logic (Integrated injection logic circuits)

Experiments clarifying the features of the MTL structure contributing to current gain and circuit delay will be described and conclusions for the design of optimum structures offered.
An unsteady entropy adjoint approach for adaptive solution of the shallow-water equations

This paper presents a novel approach to solution-based adaptation for unsteady discretizations of symmetrizable conservation laws. This approach is based on an extension of the entropy adjoint approach, which was previously introduced for steady-state simulations. Key to the approach is the interpretation of symmetrizing entropy variables as adjoint solutions for an output that states the entropy balance in the space-time computational domain. This relationship is shown for general rst-order conservation laws, and it is applied to the case of the shallow water equations. Specically, the entropy variable weighted residual is used to drive an adaptive indicator that targets regions of the space-time domain where spurious entropy generation is greatest. The error estimation and adaptation strategies are the same as those prescribed by output-based theory, with the advantage that no separate adjoint solution is required. Results for the unsteady shallow water equations in both one and two spatial dimensions show that the adaptive indicator performs better than uniform renement and as well as or better than an unweighted residual indicator.
House/Daughter/Nation: Interiority, Architecture, and Historical Imagination in Janaki Majumdar's "Family History"

My mother grew up in a small Punjabi village not far from Chandigarh. As she chopped onions for the evening meal or scrubbed the shine back onto a steel pan or watched the clouds of curds form in a bowl of slowly setting homemade yoghurt, any action with a rhythm, she would begin a mantra about her ancestral home. She would chant of a three-storeyed flat-roofed house, blinkered with carved wooden shutters around a dust yard where an old-fashioned pump stood under a mango tree.… In England, when all my mother's friends made the transition from relatives' spare rooms and furnished lodgings to homes of their own, they all looked for something ‘modern. ’ “It's really up to date, Daljit,” one of the Aunties would preen as she gave us the grand tour of her first proper home in England. “Look at the extra flush system … Can opener on the wall … Two minutes' walk to the local amenities …” But my mother knew what she wanted. When she stepped off the bus in Tollington, she did not see the outside lavvy or the apology for a garden or the medieval kitchen, she saw fields and trees, light and space, and a horizon that welcomed the sky which, on a warm night and through squinted eyes, could almost look something like home.
Psychiatric epidemiology: some clinical implications.

Abstract Review of psychiatric epidemiology over the last two centuries reveals at least ten major findings that have influenced the theory and practice of psychiatry. But the therapeutic implications of most epidemiologic studies have not been described extensively. The authors discuss clinical implications of major results from a study of 1,645 adult respondents in a north Florida county, specifically the high prevalence of psychiatric impairment and the finding that disproportionately large numbers of the young were impaired. The concurrence of mental and physical symptomatology was very high, and low socioeconomic status was related to high rates of impairment.
State-based testing of integration aspects

Aspect-oriented programming supports a variety of composition strategies, from the clearly acceptable to the questionable. One of the strategies is to make an aspect integrate separate concerns. Such integration aspects, like other aspects, may introduce various programming faults, including incorrect join points, pointcuts, and advice. This paper presents a preliminary study on the state-based testing of integration aspects. We exploit aspect-oriented state models for specifying integration aspects, compose state models of aspects and classes, and generate test cases for integration aspects from their state models. We exercise integration aspects through the interface of their base classes. We also discuss the issues of testing deeply crosscut integration aspects through the clients of their base classes.
Exercise produces sensitivity to metocurine.

Chronic muscle disuse decreases the sensitivity of skeletal muscle to nondepolarizing relaxants, such as metocurine (MTC). In this study, the authors determined whether chronic conditioning would produce the opposite effect and increase the sensitivity of skeletal muscle to MTC. Five dogs were exercised by daily running over a period of 5 weeks. At the conclusion of this training period, a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of the MTC dose-response relationship was performed. The same analysis was performed on four dogs housed in the same kennel who did not undergo conditioning. Neuromuscular blockade was measured and recorded bilaterally in both gastrocnemius muscles while the animal was anesthetized with nitrous oxide and pentobarbital, 30 ml.kg-1. Plasma concentrations of MTC were measured by radioimmunoassay. The MTC concentration estimated in the effect compartment which produced 50% paralysis was 0.114 +/- 0.008 micrograms.ml-1 (mean +/- SD) in exercised dogs and 0.189 +/- 0.038 micrograms.ml-1 in nonexercised dogs, which was significant at P less than 0.005). The MTC concentration versus response curves were parallel. This supports the authors' hypothesis that exercise increases sensitivity to the nondepolarizing muscle relaxant metocurine.
Object-oriented parser-based finite element analysis tool interface

To better integrate engineering design and analysis, the multi-representation architecture (MRA) and related methodology have been developed to represent the information transformations between CAD and CAE models [1, 2]. The MRA consists of four representations for increased modularity and flexibility. As one of the representations, solution method models (SMMs) are object-oriented wrappings of tool-specific inputs and outputs that enable highly automated operation of general purpose analysis tools. Outer contexts in the MRA create SMMs from product data and map SMM results back into product-specific terms. This paper discusses the post-processing aspects of SMMs for finite element analysis (FEA) tools. In this scenario, an SMM dispatches a job to an FEA tool, runs the tool, retrieves results, and stores them in the SMM internal database, which is based on a STEP EXPRESS-G schema. Higher-level context objects in the MRA can then query SMM objects to extract summary results such as stress extrema. These concepts were implemented in an analysis integration toolkit, DaiTools , for two FEA tools (ANSYS and CADAS) with the object-oriented T-gen translator generator tool. This automation process is illustrated with circuit board solder joint analysis and warpage analysis examples. Results show this approach provides effective manipulation and query capabilities that enable enhanced analysis tool integration.
Beauty Work: Individual and Institutional Rewards, the Reproduction of Gender, and Questions of Agency

Physical attractiveness is associated with a number of positive outcomes, including employment benefits such as hiring, wages, and promotion, and is correlated with social and personal rewards such as work satisfaction, positive perceptions of others, and higher self-esteem. As a result, individuals perform various forms of beauty work, thus reproducing and strengthening a social system that privileges youth and attractiveness. In this article, we explore the beauty work practices that people perform. We begin with an examination of the cultural context in which beauty work occurs, including the individual, social, and institutional rewards accompanying physical attractiveness, and then review the practices themselves. Because these rewards and practices contribute in part to the reproduction of social relations and norms, we then turn to the gender dimensions of beauty work, along with its unique racial embodiment. Throughout, we raise the issue of individual agency in beauty work. Finally, we conclude with suggestions for future research.
Nonstandard versions of conventionally infinite networks

Many conventionally infinite networks do not have operating points. The difficulty is two-fold. Infinitely, many elements may lead to infinite voltages and currents. Also, standard calculus does not allow certain limit processes to be interchanged. However, nonstandard analysis overcomes both problems and thereby produces operating points for all such networks, albeit with hyper-real voltages and currents. This leads to a new kind of electrical network, the nonstandard one wherein the infinite network is viewed as an expanding sequence of finite subnetworks. This idea can be extended in a variety of ways-to transfinite networks of both the linear and nonlinear types, and to linear RLC networks under ac steady-state regimes as well as transient regimes on hyper-real extensions of the time line.
Use of Synthetic Data in Dealing With Self-Selection Improving Conservation Program Energy Savings Estimates

Because energy conservation programs are generally voluntary, participating households are different from nonparticipants in important, energy-related ways. This self-selection bias complicates efforts to estimate energy savings due to these programs. This article discusses several methods for dealing with self-selection. The choices include nonrandom sampling of program nonparticipants, binary choice models that explicitly treat house hold decisions to participate and to retrofit, or use of both methods. Because some of the methods discussed are new and have not yet been applied to analysis of energy conserva tion programs, we developed a "synthetic "data set. We conducted numerical experiments with this data to examine the performance of these different methods. These experiments show that the improved sample design and analytical techniques generally yield more accurate estimates of program energy savings. Our experience also suggests that a small, well-defined synthetic data set is helpful in developi...
Emerging Therapies to Prevent Skeletal Morbidity in Men With Prostate Cancer

Skeletal morbidity is a prominent burden to men with advanced prostate cancer throughout the natural history of the disease. Bone metastases can cause pain and greatly elevate the risk for fractures and other structural complications. Distinct from the problem of metastases, treatment-related osteoporosis and associated fragility fractures are potential complications of androgen-deprivation therapy. Bone-targeted therapies for prostate cancer have therefore been the focus of considerable research and drug development efforts. The osteoclast is a validated therapeutic target in the management of prostate cancer. Osteoclast inhibition with zoledronic acid (a bisphosphonate) or with denosumab (a monoclonal antibody to RANK ligand) reduces risk for skeletal events in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer metastatic to bone. Osteoclast inhibition with any of several bisphosphonates improves bone mineral density, a surrogate for osteoporotic fracture risk. Denosumab and toremifene (a selective estrogen receptor modulator) have each been shown to reduce osteoporotic fracture risk among men receiving androgen-deprivation therapy. Beta-emitting radiopharmaceuticals reduce pain due to metastatic disease. Investigations involving alpha-emitting radium-223, endothelin-A receptor antagonists atrasentan and zibotentan, proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (SRC) inhibitor dasatinib, and tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib (XL184) are ongoing in clinical trials and are also discussed.
High-dose chemotherapy and stem-cell rescue in the treatment of high-risk breast cancer: prognostic indicators of progression-free and overall survival.

PURPOSETo examine the predictive value of tumor- and treatment-specific prognostic indicators of relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with high-risk breast cancer (HRBC) treated with high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and stem-cell rescue.PATIENTS AND METHODSBetween June 1989 and September 1994, 114 patients with HRBC (stage II with > or = 10 axillary lymph nodes involved, stage IIIA, and stage IIIB inflammatory carcinoma) received adjuvant chemotherapy followed by HDCT with etoposide, cyclophosphamide, and either doxorubicin (CAVP) or cisplatin (CCVP). Variables analyzed included stage, tumor size, number of axillary nodes involved, grade and receptor status, and types of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy and HDCT.RESULTSWith a median follow-up time of 46 months (range, 23 to 93), Kaplan-Meier estimates of 3.5-year OS for stage II, IIIA, and IIIB HRBC are 82% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67% to 97%), 79% (95% CI, 67% to 91%), and 72% (95% CI, 53% to 91%); RFS estimates...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is resistant to streptolydigin

Drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) undermine tuberculosis (TB) control. Streptolydigin is a broadly effective antibiotic which inhibits RNA polymerase, similarly to rifampicin, a key drug in current TB chemotherapeutic regimens. Due to a vastly improved chemical synthesis streptolydigin and derivatives are being promoted as putative TB drugs. The microplate Alamar Blue assay revealed that Streptococcus salivarius and Mycobacterium smegmatis were susceptible to streptolydigin with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1.6 mg/L and 6.25 mg/L, respectively. By contrast, the MICs of streptolydigin and two derivatives, streptolydiginone and dihydrostreptolydigin, against Mtb were ≥ 100 mg/L demonstrating that Mtb is resistant to streptolydigin in contrast to previous reports. Further, a porin mutant of M. smegmatis is resistant to streptolydigin indicating that porins mediate uptake of streptolydigin across the outer membrane. Since the RNA polymerase is a validated drug target in Mtb and porins are required for susceptibility of M. smegmatis, the absence of MspA-like porins probably contributes to the resistance of Mtb to streptolydigin. This study shows that streptolydigin is not a suitable drug in TB treatment regimens.
Role of stereotactic radiosurgery as a primary treatment option in the management of newly diagnosed multiple (3-6) intracranial metastases

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to assess the role of stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of newly diagnosed multiple intracranial metastases from known primary cancer locations. Methods Fifty (29 women and 21 men) patients received radiosurgery for newly diagnosed 3 or more metastatic brain tumors. Their mean age was 53 years. Lung cancer was the most common primary cancer (66%). Results Arrest in the growth of irradiated tumors was achieved in 41 (82%) patients. Eight patients (16%) required further intervention for tumors in other brain locations. Mean survival after diagnosis of brain disease was 12 months and the brain disease–controlled period was 19 months. The period of brain disease control prolonged ( P = .03) with decreasing tumor volumes ( P = .0001). Conclusion Radiosurgery as an adjuvant improves survival in patients with cancer who have newly diagnosed multiple intracranial metastases by arresting the growth of tumors.
Neonatal subglottic stenosis--incidence and trends.

Objective/Hypothesis: Neonatal subglottic stenosis is a known entity arising from endotracheal tube intubation. In the 1970s and 1980s, estimates of the incidence of subglottic stenosis were in the range of 0.9% to 8.3% of intubated neonates. Because of improved techniques of handling neonates who require ventilatory support, we thought the actual incidence of neonatal subglottic stenosis in the late 1990s was much lower. Study Design: We retrospectively reviewed all neonatal intensive-care unit (NICU) admissions from 1997 at our institution, which serves as a level 3 NICU. We also performed a MEDLINE search of the reported incidence of neonatal subglottic stenosis between 1960 and 1999. Methods: Analysis was performed to identify all children who developed subglottic stenosis at our institution. Data were also collected and analyzed with regard to average gestational age, average birth weight, average duration of intubation, and the number of children requiring tracheostomy. The reports identified in the literature were reviewed as to the incidence of subglottic stenosis. Results: A total of 544 neonates were admitted to the unit. Of these, 281 were intubated for an average of 11 days. No patients developed subglottic stenosis. Three patients required tracheostomies for other reasons. All studies published after 1983 reported an incidence of neonatal subglottic stenosis as less than 4.0%, and all studies published after 1990 reported an incidence of neonatal subglottic stenosis as less than 0.63%. Conclusions: Although our report applies to only a single institution in a single year, after reviewing the literature we think a downward trend exists in the incidence of neonatal subglottic stenosis in the late 1990s. The current incidence of neonatal subglottic stenosis is likely between 0.0% and 2.0%.
Precision motion control of a magnetic suspension actuator using a robust nonlinear compensation scheme

This paper presents a robust nonlinear compensation algorithm for realizing large travel in magnetic suspension systems suffering from parameter variations and external disturbance forces. A geometric feedback linearization technique that utilizes the complete nonlinear description of the electromagnetic field distribution is employed to obtain large travel. Robustness to uncertainties in the feedback linearized system is achieved through the development of a discrete-time delay-control-based compensation algorithm. In comparison to previous developments, the new scheme removes the constraints of triangularity conditions in compensation of unmatched uncertainties. The performance of this algorithm is experimentally investigated on a magnetic suspension system. In each of the experiments, the controller is designed using the approximate nonlinear model of the system, which is significantly different from the actual plant model. For a fixed set of gains, the robust nonlinear controller accurately stabilizes the system for a large range of ball positions. In trajectory tracking performance evaluation, the controller provides tracking accuracies that are of the same order of magnitude as the accuracy of the position sensor. Finally, when the suspended ball is impressed with an external disturbance force, the controller provides adequate model regulation and rejection of disturbance forces, demonstrating high stiffness control. The experimental results, therefore, verify the consistent performance of the algorithm in realizing large travel in spite of parameter variations and external disturbances.
Supergranule Superrotation Identified as a Projection Effect

Previous measurements of the rotation rate of the supergranule Doppler velocity pattern revealed surprising characteristics: (1) the pattern rotates faster than the plasma at the surface, and, at each latitude, it rotates faster than the plasma at any level below the surface (superrotation), (2) larger cells rotate more rapidly than smaller cells, and (3) faster rotation rates are found when using cross-correlation techniques with larger time lags between Doppler images. We simulate the supergranulation velocity pattern using a spectrum for the cellular flows that matches the observed spectrum, but we keep the pattern unchanged and rotating rigidly. Our simulation shows that the superrotation and its dependence on cell size can be largely reproduced by projection effects on the line-of-sight Doppler velocity signal. The remaining variation in rotation rate with cell size can be attributed to cells smaller than supergranules extending through shallower layers that have slower rotation rates.
Potential Paradoxical Effects of Myth-Busting as a Nutrition Education Strategy for Older Adults

Abstract Medical myth-busting is a common health education strategy during which a health educator highlights common misconceptions about health and then presents evidence to refute those misconceptions. Whereas this strategy can be an effective way to correct faulty health beliefs held by young adults, research from the field of cognitive psychology suggests that normal age-related changes in cognition may diminish the educational efficacy of medical myth-busting for older adults. In the coming years, health educators are going to have increasing numbers of older adult clients. Although health educators are often trained to understand how age-related disease processes affect older adult clients' ability to learn and remember, currently there is little emphasis placed on teaching health educators how normal aging impacts their clients' cognition. We hope that by detailing how normal cognitive aging can reduce the efficacy of a common patient education strategy, we motivate health educators to learn more a...
Acute Myocardial Infarction in Diabetes Mellitus Lessons Learned From ACE Inhibition

Diabetes mellitus affects ≈6% of the US population but is present in as many as 30% of patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes. It has been recognized for some time that diabetics experience a greater mortality during the acute phase of myocardial infarction (MI) and a higher morbidity in the postinfarction period (see recent reviews in References 1 and 21 2 ). Before the advent of coronary care as we know it today, mortality among diabetic patients in MI was reported to be as high as 40%3 and at least double the mortality rate in patients without diabetes. More extensive coronary artery disease, additional cardiovascular risk factors, and other end-organ disease were thought to be largely responsible for this major difference in outcome. Current treatment of acute MI derived from large clinical trials has dramatically improved survival in both nondiabetic and diabetic patients. However, despite these improvements, diabetes still doubles the case-fatality rate. In the GUSTO-1 angiography substudy report,4 this twofold increase in relative risk of 30-day mortality persisted even after adjustment for the factors cited above. What is this “diabetic factor”? It is in this context that new information on this topic must be evaluated. In the December 16, 1997, issue of Circulation , the GISSI-3 investigators compare the effect of early administration (within 24 hours of admission) of lisinopril in patients with and without diabetes mellitus in MI.5 Compared with placebo, lisinopril dramatically reduced both 6-week and 6-month mortality in diabetics versus nondiabetics (6 weeks, 30% versus 5% and 6 months, 20% and 0%, respectively). Furthermore, the incidence of drug-related adverse effects was similar between the two groups within the blood pressure and renal function parameters used in that study. This experience, along with the subgroup analyses of SAVE6 and TRACE,7 should …
The pyloric neural circuit of the herbivorous crab Pugettia producta shows limited sensitivity to several neuromodulators that elicit robust effects in more opportunistically feeding decapods.

SUMMARY Modulation of neural circuits in the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) allows flexibility in the movements of the foregut musculature. The extensive repertoire of such resulting motor patterns in dietary generalists is hypothesized to permit these animals to process varied foods. The foregut and STNS of Pugettia producta are similar to those of other decapods, but its diet is more uniform, consisting primarily of kelp. We investigated the distribution of highly conserved neuromodulators in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) and neuroendocrine organs of Pugettia , and documented their effects on its pyloric rhythm. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that the distributions of Cancer borealis tachykinin-related peptide I (CabTRP I), crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), proctolin, red pigment concentrating hormone (RPCH) and tyrosine hydroxylase (dopamine) were similar to those of other decapods. For all peptides except proctolin, the isoforms responsible for the immunoreactivity were confirmed by mass spectrometry to be the authentic peptides. Only two modulators had physiological effects on the pyloric circuit similar to those seen in other species. In non-rhythmic preparations, proctolin and the muscarinic acetylcholine agonist oxotremorine consistently initiated a full pyloric rhythm. Dopamine usually activated a pyloric rhythm, but this pattern was highly variable. In only about 25% of preparations, RPCH activated a pyloric rhythm similar to that seen in other species. CCAP and CabTRP I had no effect on the pyloric rhythm. Thus, whereas Pugettia possesses all the neuromodulators investigated, its pyloric rhythm, when compared with other decapods, appears less sensitive to many of them, perhaps because of its limited diet.
Arabidopsis TSO1 Regulates Directional Processes in Cells During Floral Organogenesis

Flowers of the previously described Arabidopsis tso1-1 mutant had aberrant, highly reduced organs in place of petals, stamens, and carpels. Cells of tso1-1 flowers had division defects, including failure in cytokinesis, partial cell wall formation, and elevated nuclear DNA content. We describe here two new tso1 alleles (tso1-3 and tso1-4), which caused defects in ovule development, but had little effect on gross floral morphology. Early ovule development occurred normally in tso1-3 and tso1-4, but the shapes and alignments of integument cells became increasingly more disordered as development progressed. tso1-3 ovules usually lacked embryo sacs due to a failure to form megaspore mother cells. The cell division defects described for the strong tso1-1 mutant were rarely observed in tso1-3 ovules. The aberrations in tso1-3 mutants primarily resulted from a failure in directional expansion of cells and/or coordination of this process among adjacent cells. Effects of tso1-3 appeared to be independent of effects of other ovule development mutations, with the exception of leunig, which exhibited a synergistic interaction. The data are consistent with TSO1 acting in processes governing directional movement of cellular components, indicating a likely role for TSO1 in cytoskeletal function.
Bounds on Controller Taskload Rates at an Intersection for Dense Traffic

This paper determines the maximum controller conflict-resolution taskload associated with two intersecting flows of aircraft. Based on aircraft arrival rates and the allowed magnitude of resolution commands issued to aircraft, optimal control strategies are presented for minimizing the maximum rate of resolutions required to deconflict traffic at the intersection.
Primary closure of cutaneous abscesses: a systematic review.

Background: Cutaneous abscesses have traditionally been treated with incision and drainage followed by secondary healing. Primary closure after incision and drainage is an alternative mode of therapy practiced in some parts of the world. The current study reviews the experience with primary closure of abscesses. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using search terms abscess and primary closure. The databases searched included MEDLINE, PubMED, EMBASE, CINHAL, and the Cochrane Library between 1950 and 2009. The reference lists of the retrieved studies were also manually searched for additional studies. We performed a meta-analysis of all randomized clinical trials in which patients were randomized to either primary or secondary closure of incised and drained abscesses using Review Manager software. Results: Of 33 articles retrieved, there were 7 randomized controlled trials in which 915 patients were randomized to primary (n = 455) or secondary (n = 460) closure. Many abscesses were located in the anogenital region and drained by surgeons. The time to healing after primary closure (7.8 days [95% confidence interval {CI}, 7.3-8.3]) was significantly shorter than that after secondary closure (15.0 days [95% CI, 14.3-15.7]; absolute difference, 7.3 days [95% CI, 6.9-7.6]). The rates of abscess recurrence after primary closure (7.6% [95% CI, 4.6-10.6]) were similar to those after secondary closure (11.1 days [95% CI, 7.5-14.7]; odds ratio, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.35-1.15]). Conclusions: Studies from 4 countries suggest that primary closure of incised and drained abscesses results in faster healing and similar low abscess recurrence rates than after secondary closure. These studies provide a foundation for which clinical trials can be conducted in the United States.
Expanding Marketing Principles For The Sale Of Higher Education

This paper will develop and explain a conceptual framework for the use of business industry marketing techniques within the higher educational spectrum. This framework will demonstrate how sound marketing management can help higher education increase its effectiveness and improve student interest, as well as encourage the development of managerial skills that will lead to better operational efficiency. The material will be presented in a detailed, specific, and practical manner that can be utilized by educational administrators. There are many benefits in the utilization of the marketing concept for higher education. Marketing can lead to a better understanding of your customer (student), a more efficient use of money geared specifically towards your target market, a better understanding of where your college or university stands relative to your competitors. Marketing can also help create a more effective use of your human resources and an increased awareness of marketing trends. Marketing, specifically targeted towards the student using the nine p’s and taking into account the differences between marketing for higher education and marketing for products, may result in improved student interest towards the marketed university or college, which may result in higher enrollment
Random sampling, halfspace range reporting, and construction of (/spl les/k)-levels in three dimensions

Given n points in three dimensions, we show how to answer halfspace range reporting queries in O(log n+k) expected time for an output size k. Our data structure can be preprocessed in optimal O(n log n) expected time. We apply this result to obtain the first optimal randomized algorithm for the construction of the (/spl les/k)-level in an arrangement of n planes in three dimensions. The algorithm runs in O(n log n+nk/sup 2/) expected time. Our techniques are based on random sampling. Applications in two dimensions include an improved data structure for "k nearest neighbors" queries, and an algorithm that constructs the order-k Voronoi diagram in O(n log n+nk log k) expected time.
Abstract A76: Poverty as a carcinogen

Background: The breast cancer mortality rate for black women in Duval County, FL (greater Jacksonville, FL) is the highest in the state of Florida, and is 38% higher for black women (36.7 per 100,000), than for white women (24.0 per 100,000). We sought to evaluate county specific breast cancer data, in an effort to better understand the disparities, and to begin designing effective targeted interventions to reduce these disparities. Methods: Data on female breast cancer cases from 2004-2010 were extracted using the Florida Cancer Data System (FCDS). This data was analyzed using traditional descriptive statistics. Additional classification included residence, race, insurance, and age. The primary outcomes were Stage at diagnosis, and time from diagnosis to treatment. Results: Using the FCDS, 6,579 new breast cancers were identified in Duval County from 2004 – 2010. Of these women, 73% were white, 24% black, 5% Hispanic, 2% Asian, and 2% unknown/other. Initially, univariate analyses identified black race, living in the urban core, being uninsured or having Medicaid insurance as having the worst outcomes in percentage of Stage IV disease at diagnosis and longer times from diagnosis to treatment (p Conclusion: Although initially black race was included as a significant predictor of poorer outcomes, advanced multivariate analyses revealed that living in the urban core, and lack of insurance or Medicaid funding was significantly associated with advanced stage at diagnosis and longer time from diagnosis to treatment in Duval County, Florida. Therefore, it seems that markers of poverty in Duval County, FL are better predictors of breast cancer disparities. These findings can inform targeted interventions to reduce the disparities in Duval County, FL. Citation Format: Sarah Rausch Osian, Laila Samiian, Dale Kraemer, Ryan Butterfield. Poverty as a carcinogen. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A76. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-A76
Combining Mandatory and Attribute-Based Access Control

Attribute based access control (ABAC) offers a great deal of flexibility over more traditional forms of access control in that it relies less on user identity or role but on various attributes of a subject or object. In many instances where a traditional access control approach is taken, such as mandatory access control (MAC) environments, more information beyond a classification is desirable to make a more flexible access control determination. We propose an ABAC model that retains the nature of a strictly MAC approach, while enriching access control decisions with a number of other security attributes by leveraging the concept that classification, clearance, or any other security property of a subject or object is simply an attribute. The model description is followed by an example instance based on current DoD guidelines.
Intense radiative heat transport across a nano-scale gap

In this paper, we analyze the radiative heat transport in layered structures. The analysis is based on our prior description of the spectrum of thermally excited waves in systems with a heat flux. The developed method correctly predicts results for all known special cases for both large and closing gaps. Numerical examples demonstrate the applicability of our approach to the calculation of the radiative heat transport coefficient across various layered structures.
Vulnerability of Stressed Palms to Attack by Rhynchophorus cruentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Insecticidal Control of the Pest

One field study and two experiments were done to test whether palms must be stressed for successful infestation by Rhynchophorus cruentatus (F.). In the field study, 8% of 290 transplanted mature cabbage palmettos, Sabal palmetto (Walter), in a site in Broward County, Fla., became infested with immatures of R. cruentatus and died, compared with no infestations or mortality in a control group of 92 undisturbed palms after 140 d. In Experiment 1, 2-yr-old potted Canary Island date palms, Phoenix canariensis Hortorum ex Chabaud, were grown in a screened enclosure and either stressed by severe pruning or left unstressed. All palms were bagged with fine-meshed polyethylene netting and each was challenged with two male and two female R. cruentatus . Thirty-one percent of the 13 stressed palms were infested with immatures of R. cruentatus and died within 56 d compared with a 15% infestation and mortality level in 13 unstressed palms. In Experiment 2, finemeshed polyethylene bags were used to confine 10 males and 10 females of R. cruentatus onto individual mature cabbage palmettos in the field that were either stressed by severing of the stem or unstressed. All of the three stressed palms were infested with R. cruentatus , compared with none of the five undisturbed palms within 84 to 112 d. These data suggest that R. cruentatus is a secondary invader of stressed or dying palms and not a threat to healthy palms. Propoxur (70% wettable powder [WP], 21.0 g [All/liter); chlorpyrifos (50% WP, 1.2 g [AI]/liter); lindane (25% WP, 0.6 g[AI]/liter); dimethoate (0.49 kg/liter emulsifiable concentrate [EC], 1.2 g [AI]/liter) and methomyl (90% WP, 1.0 g [AI]/liter) killed R. cruentatus adults in a bioassay done with pineapple tops, although methomyl failed to produce 100% mortality after 168 h. The mean time to mortality for R. cruentatus was <24 h for chlorpyrifos, propoxur, and lindane and 42 h for dimethoate. Prophylactic insecticide treatment applied to palms before transplanting is recommended for control of attacking weevils.
Response of the adult screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to bacteria-inoculated and incubated bovine blood in olfactometer and oviposition tests.

Olfactometer tests in the laboratory with bacteriainoculated and incubated defibrinated bovine blood showed that Proteus rettgeri attracted more adult screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), than did 3 other Proteus species or species from 6 other genera of bacteria. A combination of Bacillus species stimulated greater oviposition from gravid females than did Proteus or a combination of Bacillus species plus Proteus Species.
The anatomical, cellular and synaptic basis of motor atonia during rapid eye movement sleep

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a recurring part of the sleep-wake cycle characterized by fast, desynchronized rhythms in the electroencephalogram (EEG), hippocampal theta activity, rapid eye movements, autonomic activation and loss of postural muscle tone (atonia). The brain circuitry governing REM sleep is located in the pontine and medullary brainstem and includes ascending and descending projections that regulate the EEG and motor components of REM sleep. The descending signal for postural muscle atonia during REM sleep is thought to originate from glutamatergic neurons of the sublaterodorsal nucleus (SLD), which in turn activate glycinergic pre-motor neurons in the spinal cord and/or ventromedial medulla to inhibit motor neurons. Despite work over the past two decades on many neurotransmitter systems that regulate the SLD, gaps remain in our knowledge of the synaptic basis by which SLD REM neurons are regulated and in turn produce REM sleep atonia. Elucidating the anatomical, cellular and synaptic basis of REM sleep atonia control is a critical step for treating many sleep-related disorders including obstructive sleep apnoea (apnea), REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) and narcolepsy with cataplexy.
Studies on Embryonation and Hatching of the Eggs of the Dog Whipworm, Trichocephalus vulpis∗

Summary and Conclusions(1) Since Trichocephalus vulpis eggs are stimulated in their development by previous subjection to mechanical agitation by centrifugalization, and to immersion in brine, the results of studies on these, and probably other nematode eggs subjected to these influences are not applicable to eggs developing in nature. (2) Sodium chloride in low dilutions (1/1000 N to 1/10 N solutions) stimulates the embryonation of T. vulpis eggs. Higher concentrations (1 to 3 N solutions) inhibit development, collapse the inner layer of the egg shell, and finally kill the embryo. It is not unlikely that other salts present in the soil in small concentrations may also influence the embryonation of these eggs. Thus, the salt content of soils may conceivably play an important role in the epidemiology of whipworm disease. (3) From 25% to 50% of T. vulpis eggs can be hatched by subjecting them in turn to artificial gastric juice for 20 hours and artificial pancreatic juice for 2 hours. The fact that eggs mus...
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Triazolam After Two Intermittent Doses in Obese and Normal-Weight Men

This study was designed to determine whether differences in alpha-1 acid glycoprotein and free drug concentrations result in an altered response to triazolam. Twelve normal-weight and 12 obese adult male subjects received intravenous doses of triazolam, 0.5 mg, on two occasions separated by 1 week.