cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling glucose and free fatty acid kinetics in glucose and meal tolerance test

Quantitative evaluation of insulin regulation on plasma glucose and free fatty acid (FFA) in response to external glucose challenge is clinically important to assess the development of insulin resistance (World J Diabetes 1:36–47, 2010). Mathematical minimal models (MMs) based on insulin modified frequently-sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IM-FSIGT) are widely applied to ascertain an insulin sensitivity index (IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2:54–96, 2009). Furthermore, it is important to investigate insulin regulation on glucose and FFA in postprandial state as a normal physiological condition. A simple way to calculate the appearance rate (Ra) of glucose and FFA would be especially helpful to evaluate glucose and FFA kinetics for clinical applications. A new MM is developed to simulate the insulin modulation of plasma glucose and FFA, combining IM-FSIGT with a mixed meal tolerance test (MT). A novel simple functional form for the appearance rate (Ra) of glucose or FFA in the MT is developed. Model results are compared with two other models for data obtained from 28 non-diabetic women (13 African American, 15 white). The new functional form for Ra of glucose is an acceptable empirical approximation to the experimental Ra for a subset of individuals. When both glucose and FFA are included in FSIGT and MT, the new model is preferred using the Bayes Information Criterion (BIC). Model simulations show that the new MM allows consistent application to both IM-FSIGT and MT data, balancing model complexity and data fitting. While the appearance of glucose in the circulation has an important effect on FFA kinetics in MT, the rate of appearance of FFA can be neglected for the time-period modeled.
Atomic Hydrogen in GaN

Based on extensive first-principles total-energy calculations we study the electronic structure, atomic geometry and energetics of atomic hydrogen in cubic GaN. All charge states of hydrogen (H+, H0, H-) are examined. For H- the gallium tetrahedral interstitial site is energetically most stable. All other sites are much higher in energy, indicating a high diffusion barrier for H- in GaN. H+ favors positions on a sphere with a radius of ≈ 1 A and a nitrogen atom in the center. Among these positions the nitrogen antibonding site is energetically most stable. An unexpectedly large negative-U effect (U = —2.5eV) indicates that H0 is unstable.
Evidence for a Beneficial Effect of Intravenous Glucose on the Hemodynamic Response to Acute Asphyxia

SummaryAnesthetized rabbits were subjected to two 4-min periods of asphyxia with a 15-min recovery period intervening. During the recovery period animals Received an iv infusion of either isotonic glucose or mannitol. Results indicated that glucose had a beneficial effect on systolic blood pressure during the second period of asphyxia. A direct metabolic action of glucose on the myocardium is favored as the explanation, but other possibilities include peripheral or neurohumoral effects.
Hemiascosporiaceae (Hemiascomycetidae: Dipodascales), A New Family Based on Hemiascosporium Spinulosum

The monotypic new genus Hemiascosporium (type: H. spinulosum Batra) is a gametangiogamous, haplobiontic hemiascomycete. Along with Helicogonium White, it is placed in the Hemiascosporiaceae, a new ...
Industry's Responsibility for Unemployment

THE present nation-wide concern with industrial unemployment is characterized by an emphasis upon prevention. This development is the most encouraging fact about the present attack upon the problem. The American people appear at last to be fully aware of the fact that such alleviation measures as bread lines, soup kitchens, and creating temporary employment through public construction activities,' while necessary to mitigate the human suffering caused by existing unemployment, are uneconomical and do not deal with fundamental causes. The country is now addressing itself with unusual earnestness to the task of discovering a cure that will prevent business depressions and unemployment from recurring. With this objective firmly in mind, current writings on the problem deal largely with practical measures for stabilizing employment immediately and in the future.2 Another hopeful aspect of our struggle today with employment uncertainty is the frank recognition that the present organization and conduct of industry is amajor causal factor of unemployment as well as the operation of natural forces and the structure of the capitalistic system. The view is gaining currency that unemployment is not absolutely inevitable but that it is amenable to control, and that the solvent is to be found to a considerable extent in the will to regularize business operations. This viewpoint places much responsibility upon industry and those who direct its affairs. It is significant that prominent industrial executives themselves are expressing this attitude and acting upon it by assuming the responsibility for reducing
Synthesis and Anti-HIV Activities of Glutamate and Peptide Conjugates of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Mono-, di-, and trinucleoside conjugates of glutamate or peptide scaffolds containing nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were synthesized. Among dinucleoside glutamate ester derivatives, N-myristoylated derivatives showed significantly higher anti-HIV activity than the corresponding N-acetylated conjugates against cell-free virus. Myristoyl-Glu(3TC)-FLT (46, EC(50) = 0.3-0.6 μM) and myristoyl-Glu(FTC)-FLT (47, EC(50) = 0.1-0.4 μM) derivatives were the most active glutamate-dinucleoside conjugates. A trinucleoside glutamate derivative containing AZT, FLT, and 3TC (34, EC(50) = 0.9-1.4 μM) exhibited higher anti-HIV activity than AZT and 3TC against cell-free virus. Compound 34 also exhibited higher anti-HIV activity against multidrug (IC(50) = 5.9 nM) and NNRTI (IC(50) = 12.9 nM) resistant viruses than parent nucleosides. The physical mixture containing FLT-succinate, AZT, 3TC, and glutamic acid exhibited 115-fold less activity against cell associated virus (EC(50) = 91.9 μM) when compared to 34 (EC(50) = 0.8 μM). Other conjugates showed less or comparable potency to that of the corresponding physical mixtures.
The Impact of Principal Movement and School Achievement on Principal Salaries

ABSTRACTThis study examines whether principals’ movements and school achievement are associated with their salaries. Predictors of principal salaries were examined using three years of panel data. Results from a fixed-effects regression analysis suggest that principals who moved to school leadership positions in other districts leveraged higher salaries (b = 3,187.42, p = 03), but those who moved to other schools within their district did not. School reading performance was found to be positively associated with higher salaries, but there is an increased likelihood this finding was a result of chance (b = 58.10, p = .08). We also conducted sub-analyses to provide further depth to our results.
Tevatron Searches for Compositeness

Tevatron experiments have recently set or improved limits on quark and lepton compositeness. Included here are results from \(\sqrt s = 1.8 TeV p\bar p\) collider experiments DO and CDF and from fixed target neutrino experiment CCFR, who report limits on quark-quark, quark-lepton, and quark-neutrino compositeness, respectively.
Possible Adhesive Function of Transiently Expressed Acetylcholinesterase in Developing Cerebral Cortex

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is well known for its role in the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in cholinergic transmission. However, the presence of AChE activity in systems and situations that are believed not to involve cholinergic transmission has raised the speculation that AChE may have functions in addition to the catabolism of acetylcholine (1–6). The identification of these alternative roles has remained elusive, but the presence of AChE activity in certain neural tissues during particular stages of development has prompted speculation that AChE may have a function in nervous system development (3,5).
Educating Teachers to Integrate Computers into the K-12 Classroom: a Marketing Education Perspective

Undergraduate marketing students must be prepared to use computers in a variety of ways within their curriculum. Marketing students should therefore be exposed to computer technology during their elementary and secondary education. This study examines the extent to which Colleges of Education are preparing teachers to integrate computers into the K-12 curriculum. This will provide an indication about the computer skill level of future marketing majors.
Diverse bacterial communities exist on canine skin and are impacted by cohabitation and time.

Dataset from sampling of 40 dogs over three time points. Dogs were paired across 20 households. Data is in raw fastq format from amplicon sequencing of the V1-V3 regions of the 16S rRNA gene using Illumina MiSeq.
Cytokines and the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis

Abstract Cytokines and hematopoietic growth factors have traditionally been thought of as regulators of the development and function of immune and blood cells. However, they have major effects on bone cells and the development of the skeleton in health and disease. In addition several cytokines have been directly linked to the development of osteoporosis in both animal models and patients. In order to understand the mechanisms regulating bone cells and how this may be dysregulated in disease states, it is necessary to appreciate the diverse effects that cytokines and growth factors have on osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone mass. This chapter provides a broad overview of this topic with extensive references so that the reader can delve into individual topics in greater detail, if desired. Table 38.1 is provided to give the reader a brief summary of the multiple actions of cytokines on bone in a quick access format.
Are college students really at a higher risk for stalking? Exploring the generalizability of student samples in victimization research

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the validity of student samples for victimization research. Research has suggested that college students are at a higher risk for stalking, yet no study has directly compared experiences of college students and the general public. Methods Using data from the 2006 stalking supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey, we directly compare stalking experiences among respondents enrolled in an institute of higher education (n = 4,266) and those within the general public (n = 60,330). Additionally, we examined differential experiences among college and non-college stalking victims in relation to stalking acknowledgement, tech-facilitated stalking, and the victims' decision to contact the police. Results Analyses found that college students were at a greater risk for stalking victimization. Additionally, college students were more likely to be stalked through the use of technology and identify their experience as ‘stalking.’ When the sample was limited to stalking victims between the ages of 18–24, however, no significant differences were found except for contacting the police. Attending college, however, does not increase one's risk for stalking, as the risk is mainly driven by individual differences versus student status. Conclusions There is some evidence supporting the continued use of student samples for victimization research, yet attention to measurement and sampling are paramount.
Complications in pediatric robotic urologic surgery

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery, like other minimally invasive surgical modalities, in children with urologic conditions has proven to be a safe and effective alternative to open surgery and especially for reconstructive pediatric urologic procedures. However, potential complications can occur, especially with the learning curve that exists with all new procedures and techniques. The prevention of complications requires an integrated team approach that includes the surgeon, anesthesiologist, and operating room team members. Avoidance of preoperative complications usually involves adequate patient positioning and padding before surgery that prevents peripheral nerve injury. Intraoperative complications can occur during intra-abdominal access and port placement steps of the procedures with the potential for vessel injury or bowel injury. Postoperative complications have a wide variety of presentations that are dependent on the procedure, such as ureteral reimplantation, pyeloplasty, or complex reconstructive procedures. In general, surgeons early in their robotic surgery learning curve should gradually advance to complex reconstructive cases to help prevent both intra- and postoperative complications.
Keynote addresses: Quantum computing: Revolutionizing computation through quantum mechanics

In 1981, Richard Feynman proposed a device called a “quantum computer” to take advantage of the laws of quantum physics to achieve computational speed-ups over classical methods. Quantum computing promises to revolutionize how and what we compute. Over the course of three decades, quantum algorithms have been developed that offer fast solutions to problems in a variety of fields including number theory, optimization, chemistry, physics, and materials science. Quantum devices have also significantly advanced such that components of a scalable quantum computer have been demonstrated; the promise of implementing quantum algorithms is in our near future. I will attempt to explain some of the mysteries of this disruptive, revolutionary computational paradigm and how it will transform our digital age.
Is Atherothromboaspiration a Possible Solution for the Prevention of No-Reflow Phenomenon in Acute Coronary Syndromes? Single Centre Experience and Review of the Literature.

Background Intracoronary thrombus in acute Myocardial Infarction (MI) confers higher rates of no-reflow with attendant adverse consequences. Earlier Randomized-Controlled-Trials (RCTs) of routine thromboaspiration during Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) indicated a clinical benefit, but more recent RCTs were negative. However, data of selective use of this adjunctive approach remain scarce. Objective The aim of this single-centre prospective study was to report the results of selective thromboaspiration during PCI in patients with intracoronary thrombi, and also to provide an extensive literature review on current status of thromboaspiration. Methods The study included 90 patients (77 men; aged 59.3±12.7 years) presenting with acute MI (STElevation MI (STEMI) in 74, non-STEMI in 16) who had intracoronary thrombi and were submitted to thromboaspiration. Results Total (n=67) or subtotal (n=18) vessel occlusions were present in 85 (94%) patients. Thromboaspiration and subsequent PCI were successful in 89/90 (98.9%) patients, with coronary stenting in 86 (96.6%). In 4 patients with residual thrombus, a mesh-covered stent was implanted. IIb/IIIa-inhibitors were administered in 57 (63.3%) patients. No-reflow occurred in only 1 (1.1%) patient. The postprocedural course was uneventful. Review of the literature revealed several early observational and RCTs and meta-analyses favouring manual, not mechanical, thrombectomy. However, newer RCTs and meta-analyses significantly curtailed the initial enthusiasm for the clinical benefits of routine use of thromboaspiration. Conclusion Selective thromboaspiration for angiographically visible thrombi in MI patients undergoing PCI, as an adjunct to mechanical reperfusion and to IIb/IIIa-inhibitors, may be an option since this manoeuvre may improve procedural and clinical outcome.
Role of lipid mediators and control of lymphocyte responses in type 2 immunopathology

Type 2 immunopathology is a cardinal feature of allergic diseases and involves cooperation between adaptive immunity and innate effector responses. Virtually all cell types relevant to this pathology generate leukotriene and/or prostaglandin mediators that derive from arachidonic acid, express receptors for such mediators, or both. Recent studies highlight prominent functions for these mediators in communication between the innate and adaptive immune systems, as well as amplification or suppression of type 2 effector responses. This review focuses on recent advances and insights, and highlights existing and potential therapeutic applications of drugs that target these mediators or their receptors, with a special emphasis on their regulation of the innate and adaptive lymphocytes relevant to type 2 immunopathology.
Perioperative Surgical Home for the Patient with Chronic Pain

The management of acute pain for the phenotypically different patient who suffers from chronic pain is challenging. The care of these patients is expensive and siloed. The physician-led, multidisciplinary, patient-centric, care coordination framework of the perioperative surgical home is an optimal vehicle for the management of these patients. The engagement of physician anesthesiologists in the optimization, in-hospital management, and postdischarge care of the patient with chronic pain will lead to improved outcomes, reduced health care expenditures, and improve the health of this challenging population.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma outcome with induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Abstract Treatment of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) has been based on the Intergroup 0999 trial with chemoradiation (CRT) and consolidation chemotherapy (CT). While effective, toxicities are significant. As a result, many oncologists use induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by CRT, citing better tolerance with anecdotally no worse outcome. We reviewed 95 NPC patients treated between 2005 and 2015 at MDACC with IC followed by CRT. Median age was 49 years. Fifty-seven were T3/T4 and 62 were N2-3. The most common IC regimen was a platinum-taxane doublet (N = 72). 83 patients completed IC. Grade 3–4 toxicities with IC occurred in 10 patients. There were 15 primary site complete responses (CR), 68 partial responses (PR),6 stable disease (SD), and 2 progressed. There were 10 nodal CR, 73 PR, 4 SD, and 3 progressed. 92 patients received RT, 74 with CRT. At completion of treatment, there were 81 CR and 8 PR patients. Post radiation toxicities included mucositis and skin rash (37), oto- toxicity (25), PEG placement (12), and osteonecrosis (2). Three-year progression free survival (PFS) and distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) were 77.3% and 78%. CRT for advanced NPC is standard, but IC remains controversial. Early trials failed to show a benefit but used older chemotherapy and pre-intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) methods. Modern trials with platinum-taxane regimens and IMRT have shown reasonable PFS and OS results with acceptable toxicity. This retrospective review of IC followed by CRT showed acceptable toxicity and good response and survival outcomes. This approach has, for many oncologists, become a standard.
Predictors of Gender-Typed Toy Purchases by Prospective Parents and Mothers: The Roles of Childhood Experiences and Gender Attitudes

Gender differences in children’s toy interests are among the largest in the psychological literature. Parents are often the primary purchasers of children’s toys. In these studies, we investigated the factors that predict whether parents and prospective parents will purchase gender-typed toys for their children or future children. Prospective parents (Study 1, n = 238, 151 women, 87 men) and mothers (Study 2, n = 96) reported their retrospective childhood interests, likelihood of purchasing gender-typed toys, stereotypes about toys, and environmental versus essentialist attributions for perceived gender differences in children’s toys. Across both studies, participants reported playing with gender-typed toys more than cross-gender toys as children. They also planned to purchase gender-typed toys for their prospective children (Study 1) or their own children (Study 2). Participants endorsed more stereotypes for feminine toys than for masculine toys and indicated that they believe that gender differences in children’s interests are mostly environmentally influenced, with some biological influence. In addition, gender-typed toy interests as a child predicted the likelihood of purchasing gender-typed toys for their own children. Among women, having nontraditional interests as a child predicted the likelihood they would purchase nontraditional toys for their own children. This relationship was mediated by the endorsement of gender stereotypes among prospective parents (Study 1), but not among mothers (Study 2).
Mostly Magnetic Monopoles

In these lectures I will discuss the exerimental aspects of some of the particle physics which is being conducted out of the mainstream and, for the most part, independent of the programmatic research at the great accelerators. My principal topic will be the search for the magnetic monopole to which I will devote the first two lectures. What I will present will be more of a “trail guide” for the occasional hiker rather than an “atlas” for the geographer. I will emphasize the art of the hunt more than the theoretical ideas motivating it. I will also organize some of the speculations as to where monopoles might be found
PRAT FERRER, J. J. y PEÑA DELGADO, A. (2015). Manual de escritura académica. Madrid: Ediciones Paraninfo, 268 pp., ISBN: 978-84-28337-85-4.

PRAT FERRER, J. J. y PENA DELGADO, A. (2015). Manual de escritura academica . Madrid: Ediciones Paraninfo, 268 pp., ISBN: 978-84-28337-85-4.
Patient safety and the power of nursing presence

Abstract Background The goal of patient safety is to reduce and eliminate preventable harm resulting from processes of care including the safe delivery of medication. Patient and occupational safety challenges are increasing in cancer care with the expanded use of oral chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and other novel treatments. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration approved 59 novel drugs in 2018 including 19 applications of new cancer drugs and biologics as well as 38 supplemental indications and four biosimilars. Many of these novel agents will be delivered in settings that may not include the presence of a cancer nurse. Presence is a fundamental concept of nursing practice that involves active listening to facilitate understanding and meaningful connection between the patient and family and other members of the healthcare team. The safe delivery of cancer treatment is a critical component of the EONS Cancer Nursing Education Framework which defines the pivotal role of the presence of the cancer nurse in educating patients and caregivers about the safe use of cancer and symptom management medications, early recognition of side effects, and appropriate self-management approaches. As cancer care moves from traditional settings of the hospital, ambulatory clinic, or oncology provider’s office, nurses will be confronted with the need to redefine nursing presence in an era of increasingly complex healthcare delivery systems. Methods A literature search will be presented drawn from a review of PubMed, CINAHL, and EBSCO data bases using search terms related to “patient safety”, “nursing presence”, “vigilance”, and “medication safety”. Results Not applicable. Conclusions This presentation will explore current literature related to the role of presence of the cancer nurse in safeguarding patient outcomes and quality cancer care. The session will include discussion and recommendations to increase the effective use of nursing presence and intentional communication by cancer nurses in diverse settings. Legal entity responsible for the study The author. Funding Has not received any funding. Disclosure The author has declared no conflicts of interest.
E-113 Middle meningeal artery embolization for treatment of chronic subdural hematoma: A prospective institutional case series

Background Embolization of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) has emerged a potential treatment for chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH), either as a stand-alone therapy or an adjunct to surgical evacuation. Methods Information on patients with a cSDH at least 10 mm in maximal thickness selected for MMA embolization was entered into a prospectively collected database. The embolization procedure consisted of MMA catheterization followed by injection of 150–250 µm polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles until occlusion of the MMA distal to the sphenoid ridge. For patients who also underwent surgical evacuation, MMA embolization was performed after surgery in all cases. Descriptive statistics of treatment outcomes, which included cSDH size on final head CT and the incidence of cSDH surgical evacuation after MMA embolization, are provided. Results MMA embolization was performed in 23 patients with 29 cSDHs. The mean age of the cohort was 72.3 years [Standard deviation (SD) = 9.2] and a majority of patients were male (n=24, 82.8%). History of anti-coagulation use was present in 14 patients (60.9%). Mean maximal dimension and associated midline shift of treated cSDHs were 18.1 (SD=4.9) and 4.6 mm (SD=3.9). Surgical evacuation prior to MMA embolization was performed for 12 cases (41.4%). A thromboembolic complication during MMA embolization resulting in a new minor neurologic deficit occurred in a single patient (4.3%). Overall, 27 cSDHs (93.1%) were reduced in size on final follow-up CT, and 10 were completely resolved (34.4%). Stratified by initial medical versus surgical management, 88.2% (n=15/17) and 100.0% (n=12/12) of cSDHs were reduced in size and 33.3% (n=4/12) and 35.3% (n=6/17) were completely resolved on last follow-up CT. Two cSDHs (6.9%) in a single patient initially treated with surgery required repeat surgical evacuation after MMA embolization. Mean time between MMA embolization and last follow-up head CT was 3.7 months (SD=3.1). Conclusion Our preliminary results suggest MMA embolization may be an effective treatment for cSDHs. Randomized trials are indicated. Disclosures L. Rinaldo: None. H. Cloft: None. W. Brinjikji: None.
Docosahexaenoic acid-induced apoptotic cell death is correlated with inhibition of β-catenin/wnt signaling pathway and Cox-2 in human pancreatic cancer cells

2705 ω3-Polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFAs) including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been known to inhibit the cell growth through apoptosis in various cancer cells. However, the mechanism of ω3-PUFAs-induced cell death is still unclear. The β-catenin/wnt signaling pathway plays a critical role in cell proliferation and has been found to be chronically activated in variety of human cancers. In this study, we have investigated the cytotoxic mechanism of ω3-PUFAs in pancreatic cancer cells (SW1990 and PANC-1). Treatment of cells with two ω3-PUFAs, DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), significantly induced inhibition of cell growth with a dose-dependent and increases of sub-G1 population in SW1990 cells. The effect of ω3-PUFAs due to induction of apoptosis, given that DHA induced cleavage form of PARP and inhibition of caspase-3; in contrast arachidonic acid (AA) has no effect. Moreover, DHA treatment reduced the level of β-catenin in SW1990 and PANC-1 cells. DHA also induced the association of β-catenin/Axin/GSK-3β complex, which serves as a parallel mechanism for β-catenin degradation. In immunocytochemical stain of β-catenin, the cytosolic and nuclear β-catenin expression was reduced in the DHA-treated SW1990 cells, compared to control cells. The TCF/LEF reporter activity, a β-catenin-controlled downstream signal, was also decreased by DHA treatment. DHA also inhibited Cox-2 reporter activity in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that DHA induce apoptotic cell death through the Cox-2 and β-catenin/Axin/GSK-3β signaling pathway in human pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, utilization of ω3-PUFAs may represent a potential effective therapy for the chemoprevention and treatment of human pancreatic cancer.
Implications of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome in a Patient With Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome

ABSTRACT Background Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a heterogenous group of connective tissue disorders characterized by defective collagen production. Patients with EDS have lax and fragile connective tissue in their joints, skin, blood vessels, and hollow organs. This can lead to, among other complications, joint hypermobility, aneurysms, organ prolapse, and musculoskeletal chronic pain. Given that patients with vaginal agenesis, which occurs with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, often require vaginal dilation as part of their treatment, tissue elasticity and fragility are important considerations. This case report aims to describe the intersection of MRKH and EDS and its impact on vaginal dilation. Case A 16-year-old girl with joint hypermobility and type III EDS presented with primary amenorrhea and a karyotype of 46 XX. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed an absent uterus, cervix, and upper vagina. Physical examination showed Tanner V breasts and Tanner IV pubic hair, and an external genital examination revealed a blind-ending, 1-cm vaginal dimple. The patient was diagnosed with MRKH. Following her diagnosis, she received vaginal dilation instruction and returned for follow-up 2 months later, having quickly progressed to the largest vaginal dilator without symptoms of bleeding, pain, or dysuria. In that timeframe, her vaginal dimple had increased from 1 cm to 7-8 cm in depth, a rate much faster than is typically seen. Because of this rapid progress, a urogenital examination was performed. There was no evidence of urethral abnormality, perforation, or vaginal prolapse. Summary and Conclusion Recognition of EDS in patients with Mullerian anomalies has important implications for safe and effective vaginal dilation. All patients using vaginal dilation to lengthen the vagina require education on the technique. This need is heightened in patients with EDS in order to prevent accidental dilation of the urethra due to their tissue elasticity, to avoid tissue prolapse, and to prevent the theoretical risk of vaginal perforation.
Association between dynamic dose increases of buprenorphine for treatment of opioid use disorder and risk of relapse

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dynamic, adaptive pharmacologic treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) has been previously recommended over static dosing to prevent relapse, and is aligned with personalized medicine. However, there has been no quantitative evidence demonstrating its advantage. Our objective was to estimate the extent to which a hypothetical intervention that increased buprenorphine dose in response to opioid use would affect risk of relapse over 24 weeks of follow-up. DESIGN A secondary analysis of the buprenorphine arm of an open-label randomized controlled 24-week comparative effectiveness trial, 2014-17. SETTING Eight community addiction treatment programs in the United States. PARTICIPANTS English-speaking adults with DSM-5 OUD, recruited during inpatient admission (n = 270). Participants were mainly white (65%) and male (72%). INTERVENTION(S) Participants were treated with daily sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX), with dose based on clinical indication, determined by the provider. We examined a hypothetical intervention of increasing dose in response to opioid use. MEASUREMENTS Outcome was relapse to regular opioid use during the 24 weeks of outpatient treatment, assessed in a survival framework. We estimated the relapse-free survival curves of participants under a hypothetical (i.e. counterfactual) intervention in which their BUP-NX dosage would be increased following their own subject-specific opioid use during the first 12 weeks of treatment versus a hypothetical intervention in which dose would remain constant. FINDINGS We estimated that increasing BUP-NX dose in response to recent opioid use would lower risk of relapse by 19.17 percentage points [95% confidence interval (CI) = -32.17, -6.18) (additive risk)] and 32% (0.68, 95% CI = 0.49, 0.86) (relative risk). The number-needed-to-treat with this intervention to prevent a single relapse is 6. CONCLUSIONS In people with opioid use disorder, a hypothetical intervention that increases sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone dose in response to opioid use during the first 12 weeks of treatment appears to reduce risk of relapse over 24 weeks, compared with holding the dose constant after week 2.
Automated Estimation of Respiratory Dead Space: Tidal Volume Ratio

Dead space:tidal volume ratio (VD/VT) is increased in most pulmonary disorders (1,2,3,). The simplicity of the measurements and calculations required -to obtain VD/VT makes it attractive for monitoring changes in lung function in critically ill patients. The usual procedure for obtaining VD/VT is to collect expired gas in a bag for several minutes and to analyze the contents to obtain mixed expired carbon dioxide tension (PECO2). A simultaneous measurement of arterial carbon dioxide tension (PAC02) is made, and VD/VT is calculated manually using the Enghoff modification of the Bohr equation. The effort required to collect mixed expired gas and the necessity for arterial blood sampling make it impractical to determine VD/VT in this manner frequently enough for it to be used for routine monitoring.
Two distinct adhesion mechanisms in embryonic neural retina cells: III. Functional specificity

Abstract Chick neural retina cells possess two distinct adhesion mechanisms—one Ca2+ dependent (CD), the other Ca2+ independent (CI)—whose activities can be regulated by manipulation of the trypsin and Ca2+ concentrations used in the dissociation procedure. We have tested the ability of cells expressing either, both, or neither of these mechanisms to cross-adhere. Cells possessing only one of the two adhesion mechanisms do not adhere to cells possessing only the other. Cells possessing both mechanisms adhere equally well to cells possessing one or the other mechanism, but display striking adhesive specificity when either mechanism is selectively blocked. These results demonstrate (1) the molecular specificity of the CI and CD mechanisms and (2) the cellular adhesive selectivity possible through their differential expression. We suggest that changes in extracellular protease and/or Ca2+ concentrations might act to modulate cell affinities both temporally and spatially within the embryo and thereby influence the course of cell movements and the topographic patterns of cell association.
Digital Divides From Access to Activities: Comparing Mobile and Personal Computer Internet Users

Digital inequality can take many forms. Four forms studied here are access to Internet, use of different devices, extent of usage, and engagement in different Internet activities. However, it is not clear whether sociodemographic factors, or devices, are more influential in usage and activities. Results from an unfamiliar context show that there are significant sociodemographic influences on access, device, usage, and activities, and differences in activities by device type and usage. While sociodemographic differences are more influential, device type can increase likelihood of use for some “capital enhancing” activities, but only for a computer. Thus, although mobile Internet is available for those on the wrong side of the digital divide, these users do not engage in many activities, decreasing potential benefits.
Reactive Transport in the Saturated Zone: Case Histories for Permeable Reactive Barriers

This chapter describes comparisons between predictions made with a reactive transport simulator and geochemical conditions observed in three permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) employing zero valent iron (ZVI) as the reactive medium. The emphasis is on reactions involving common ions in groundwater that form minerals that may block the pore space in a PRB. Two common public-domain programs, MODFLOW and RT3D, were combined to form the simulator. A geochemical algorithm was developed for RT3D to simulate geochemical reactions occurring in PRBs. Comparisons between model predictions and field data are presented for three PRBs. Good agreement was obtained between predicted and measured pH and common ion concentrations by adjusting the rate coefficients within ranges reported in the literature. However, sensitivity analyses showed that predictions made with the simulator are sensitive to the rate coefficients used as input. The field data sets also were too sparse to determine whether the simulator accurately predicts the rapid changes in geochemistry occurring near the entrance face of PRBs. Keywords: permeable reactive barriers; reactive transport; reaction kinetics; chemical transport; groundwater; contaminant transport; minerals; fouling
An Introduction to Statistical Algorithms Useful in Stock Composition Analysis

Publisher Summary Stock composition analysis is specific to fishery science. In many fisheries, catches include fish that are conspecific but that originate in several spawning stocks. Because the population effects of fishing—and thus the choice of suitable management approaches—depend on which stock or stocks are harvested, estimates of stock composition of catches are needed. Data used for such analyses are observations on characteristics of individual specimens; typical characteristics may include morphometrics, meristics, genetic characters, or chemical signatures.. Analyzing characteristics of individual objects in a mixture to estimate the mixture's proportions is a general statistical problem known as finite mixture analysis. Constituent fish stocks in a mixed harvest are just one example of constituent classes or statistical populations of mixed objects; here, the term class is used when describing algorithms generally, and stock when describing fisheries applications. Estimating stock composition is therefore a special case of the general problem of estimating mixing proportions. This chapter introduces some algorithms useful for stock composition analysis. It also discusses issues involved in estimating performance of various algorithms, either in an absolute sense or relative to one another on a particular data set.
Sex differences in body weight and eating: Organization and activation by gonadal hormones in the rat

Abstract Female rats injected on the fifth day of life with testosterone propionate (TP) or estradiol benzoate (EB) weigh more in adulthood than control animals injected with oil. If rats are ovariectomized prior to steroid treatment on Day 5, body weight differences in adulthood are reduced and their initial appearance during development is delayed. Neonatal TP or EB treatment increases responsiveness to the weight-promoting effects of androgens in adulthood and decreases adult responsiveness to the weight depressing actions of ovarian hormones. We propose that hormonal stimulation in infancy affects body weight by altering hormonal sensitivity of neural weight regulating mechanisms. Non-neural mechanisms and behavioral effects which might contribute to changes in body weight are also considered. The adult sex difference in body weight is multiply determined by postnatal organizational and activational effects of gonadal hormones as well as by non-hormonal genetic factors and/or prenatal testicular secretions. The sex difference in eating is less subject to early organizing actions of hormones and is primarily attributable to the different hormones secreted by male and female gonads beginning sometime after the end of the neonatal organizational period.
The development and evolution of city-county management in Ireland: An illustration of central-local administrative relationships

Ireland was the first European nation to model its local governments after the American council-manager plan. Although the diffusion of the manager plan in the U.S. was slow, and at local initiative, the Irish experience was very different. The central government in Ireland imposed the manager plan on all urban districts, boroughs and counties within a short period of time. This “imposition” was designed with both political and administrative values in sight. Politically, the period immediately after independence from Great Britain was unstable and violent. A method was needed to bring order, stability and uniformity to the emerging nation. One approach was to exert central control over the activities of the one hundred elected councils in small towns, villages, boroughs and major cities. The institution of city-county manager was designed to facilitate the control by national political leaders over local authorities. Managers were appointed by the central Ministry of Local Government, were given signific...
Energetically Optimal Flight Trajectories for Short Range Gliding Animals

maximizes the lift-to-drag ratio. In this paper, we examine whether this steady-state optimality condition also applies to short-range animal gliders. We answer this by modeling several transient glide trajectories using our proposed two-dimensional dynamics model. By optimizing the glide trajectory of an exemplar glider, we demonstrate that short-range glide distance is not greatest when the lift-to-drag ratio is maximized. This suggests that the transient dynamics of short range gliders are important in maximizing range. Nomenclature t Time [s] x(t) Global horizontal position of the glider in 2-D space h(t) Global vertical position of the glider in 2-D space (t) Glide path angle of the glider ([rad]) u(t) Glider velocity tangent to the glide path [m=s] at(t) Component of acceleration which is tangent to the ight path direction [ m=s 2 ] an(t) Component of acceleration which is normal to the ight path direction [ m=s 2 ] g Gravitational acceleration ([m=s]) m Mass of the glider [kg] Air density [kg=m 3 ] S Lifting surface or wing planform area [m 2 ]
Modeling deficits in attention, inhibition, and flexibility in HAND.

Nearly half of all HIV-1-positive individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) are afflicted with HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The most prevalent cognitive deficits observed in the cART era are those of attention and executive function. Presently, we sought to model deficits in attention and core components of executive function (inhibition, flexibility, and set-shifting) observed in HAND using the HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rat, which expresses 7 of the 9 HIV-1 genes. Ovariectomized female Fischer HIV-1 Tg and non-transgenic control rats (ns = 39–43) were tested in a series of operant tasks: signal detection, discrimination learning, reversal learning, and extradimensional set-shifting. The HIV-1 Tg animals attained the criterion of three sessions at 70 % accuracy at a significantly slower rate than the control animals on all tasks with the exception of the extradimensional set-shifting task. Of the animals that met the criteria, there was no significant difference in percent accuracy in any task. However, the HIV-1 Tg rats showed a lower overall response rate in signal detection and discrimination learning. A discriminant function analysis classified the animals by genotype with 90.4 % accuracy based on select measures of their performance. The functional consequences of chronic low-level expression of the HIV-1 proteins on attention, as well as inhibition and flexibility as core components of executive function, are apparent under conditions which resemble the brain proinflammatory immune responses and suppression of infection in HIV-1+ individuals under cART. Deficits in attention and core components of executive function may reflect an underlying impairment in temporal processing in HAND.
Influence of flaxseed on serum and liver lipids in rats

Abstract Rats were fed varying levels of flaxseed for three weeks. The diets were designed to provide 10%. 15%, and 20% flaxseed oil, respectively. The diets also contained 0.5% cholesterol and 0.2% cholic acid. Liver weight increased with increasing levels of fat. Serum cholesterol levels rose with increasing levels of fat, but HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were unaffected. Considering the presence of both cholesterol and cholic acid in the diet, the elevations of serum cholesterol were modest, which may reflect a potent hypocholesterolemic effect of linolenic acid. Liver total cholesterol levels fell with increasing levels of dietary flaxseed. Liver cholesterol ester levels (%) were lower in rats fed higher doses of flaxseed, indicating reduced cholesterol deposition. Liver triglyceride levels were the same in all three dietary groups. Calculations of the serum plus liver cholesterol pool showed them to be 334 mg, 273 mg, and 252 mg for rats fed 10%, 15%, or 20% flaxseed oil, respectively. Since high levels of flaxseed reduced cholesterol deposition in liver, it might be useful to test in experimental atherosclerosis.
The Impact of Globalization and the New Media on the Notion of World Literature

Ernst Grabovszki discusses in his article, "The Impact of Globalization and the New Media on the Notion of World Literature," aspects of communication and scholarship in the humanities in the context of social processes resulting from globalization and the impact of new media. The author suggests that the process of communication, the processes of creativity, and the study of literature and the changes these areas are now experiencing owing to the impact of globalization and new media should be studied from a systemic and empirical point of view. Further, the article is an exposition of changes we observe with regard to the traditional model of literary communication contrasted with the new possibilities offered by the internet and the world wide web. His discussion includes his views on how this new situation results in new possibilities as well as requirements authors, distributors, and readers of literature today have to cope with. Ernst Grabovszki, "The Impact of Globalization and the New Media on the Notion of World Literature” page 2 of 8 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 1.3 (1999):
Maximizing male reproductive success in the broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps): preliminary evidence for mate guarding, size-assortative pairing, and opportunistic extra-pair mating

Several lines of evidence suggest that male Eumeces laticeps may increase reproductive success by 1) mating with larger females to increase clutch size, 2) mate guarding to be present during the female's receptive period and/or prevent sperm competition, and 3) engaging in extra-pair copulations. Clutch size increases with female body size, establishing a potential advantage of male preference for large female mates. Mate association lasts up to 8 days and possibly longer, with a mean of nearly 5 days. Males may remain with females during a major portion of the mating season, which preliminary data suggest lasts about two weeks, suggesting that mate-guarding may reduce the level of polygyny. Tethered introductions of intruder males to consort pairs showed that consort males use aggressive behavior to exclude other males from the vicinity of females. Eumeces laticeps exhibits strong positive size-assortative pairing, suggesting the possible importance of male choice of large mates. Female preference for large males could account for this relationship, but only if large females prefer the largest possible males within the acceptable size range and aggressively exclude other females from preferred males. Females are sometimes aggressive to each other, especially near nest sites, but aggression is suppressed by males, as shown by tethered introduction of females to consort pairs. Size-assortative pairing may be based in part on male preference if males can prevent larger females from aggressively excluding smaller ones. In addition to preferentially guarding large females, males not currently guarding mate with any females not large enough to deter them aggressively. A field observation of an extra-pair copulation, responses by consort males to introduced females, and the lack of size preference in the absence of consorts suggest that males may engage opportunistically in extra-pair copulations to increase reproductive success and are not then choosy about female size.