cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in maternal posterior and anterior cerebral artery flow velocity during pregnancy and postpartum—A longitudinal study

BackgroundTo evaluate the normal range of blood flow velocity in the maternal anterior (ACA) and posterior cerebral arteries (PCA) along the normal pregnancy and postpartum period. MethodsTranscranial Doppler ultrasound was used to measure the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood velocities in the ACA and PCA during normal gestation. The resistance and pulsatility indices were calculated. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling, incorporating random effects models, to construct mean and percentile curves. ResultsWe performed 355 measurements on 59 patients, which showed that systolic and mean velocity in the ACA decreased, whereas diastolic velocity increased in the PCA during normal pregnancy. Resistance and pulsatility indices in both vessels increased to a maximum in the second trimester, decreased during the third trimester, and increased during the postpartum period. ConclusionsThis study provides normative data for ACA and PCA velocity and indices during pregnancy and postpartum, demonstrating changes in velocity that suggest a shift of cerebral blood flow from the anterior to the posterior cerebral circulation. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound41:532-537, 2013.
Derivation of Signal Flow Direction in MOS VLSI

This paper presents two sets of rules for deriving the direction of signal flow in MOS circuits. The first set works for a wide range of circuit designs in both nMOS and CMOS technologies because it is based on basic electrical and logical principles of circuit design. The second set contains design and technology specific heuristics. Together these rules yield the direction of signal flow through more than 99.9 percent of the transistors in four VLSI chips constructed in four different design styles. The application of derived signal directions in a timing verifier and electrical rules checker is also discussed
Divalent cation activation of flagellar ATP-phosphohydrolase from bull sperm.

The apparently inconsistent reports on flagellar ATPase properties may be resolved by elimination of adenylate kinase from the system. Removal of the adenylate kinase from alkaline M/2 KCl extracts of bull sperm flagella yields a spermosin-ATPase which liberates only the terminal phosphate of ATP. In any case spermosin is preferentially activated by calcium. However, combination of spermosin with flactin (e.g., by addition of digitonin and MgCl2 to the extraction medium) produces an ATPase much more highly activated by magnesium. But flactospermosin has so far resisted purification from its adenylate kinase contaminant. In divalent cation activation, pH optima and nature of ATP hydrolysis, the flagellar contractile protein system closely parallels the muscle system.
Partial Gastrectomy Without Lymphadenectomy

Partial gastrectomy (antrectomy) without lymphadenectomy is performed for gastrointestinal stromal tumors. It was formerly commonly performed for refractory peptic ulcer disease, but this indication is now rare. Distal gastrectomy is also part of the standard pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Analysis of trauma care education in the South Sudan community health worker training curriculum.

Introduction Trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with the majority occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Allied health workers are often on the front lines of caring for trauma patients; this is the case in South Sudan, where a system of community health workers (CHWs) and clinical officers (COs) form an essential part of the health care structure. However, curricula for these workers vary, and it is unclear how much these training programs include trauma education. Hypothesis/Methods The CHW training curriculum in South Sudan was reviewed to evaluate the degree to which it incorporates trauma education, according to established guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO). To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first formal comparison of a CHW curriculum with established WHO trauma guidelines. Results The curriculum incorporated a number of essential components of the WHO guidelines; however, the concepts taught were limited in scope. The curriculum only covered about 50% of the content required for basic providers, with major deficiencies being in the management of head and spinal injuries, safety protocols for health care personnel, and in the management of pediatric patients. Discussion/Conclusion The CHW training curriculum lacks the requisite content to provide adequately a basic level of trauma care and requires amending to ensure that all South Sudan citizens receive appropriate treatment. It is recommended that other LMICs review their existing training curricula in order to improve their ability to provide adequate trauma care and to ensure they meet the basic WHO guidelines. Ogunniyi A , Clark M , Donaldson R . Analysis of Trauma Care Education in the South Sudan Community Health Worker Training Curriculum. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015; 30(2): 1 8
Seasonal fluctuation, phenology and turnover of chafer assemblages – insight to the structural plasticity of insect communities in tropical farmlands

Studies on chafer assemblages were conducted on two farmland sites in the Terailowland of Nepal (200 m above sea level) using light traps. During the course ofa 2-year field monitoring program, a total of 4503 specimens was captured andan unexpectedly high number of syntopically co-occurring species was found: 52from Gunganagar (GN) and 36 from Gaindakot (GK), respectively. Highest speciesabundances and species numbers were found during April and May.2 Species occurrence was strongly correlated with air temperature and the maximumsoil temperature, at least during the pre-monsoon season. However, assemblagestructure from the two sites showed significant qualitative and quantitativechanges seasonally, as well as from 1 year to the next. Turnover rates betweenadjacent months were in the range 26 – 62% (GN) and 37 – 70% (GK), whereas theturnover from 2004 to 2005 was 25.8% (GN) and 21.4% (GK) respectively.3 When only dominant and subdominant taxa are considered, the seasonal changein species composition was even more striking.4 Strong fluctuation in chafer assemblage over time suggests: (i) a possible influenceof patchy habitat types and soil working on seasonal assemblage structureand (ii) colonization of suitable habitats (fields) in great part by chance.
Central Venous Catheter Removal Versus In Situ Treatment in Neonates With Enterobacteriaceae Bacteremia

Objective. To determine how often neonates with Enterobacteriaceae (ENTB) bacteremia can be treated successfully without removing central venous catheters (CVCs). Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted of ENTB bacteremia and CVCs in infants in a neonatal intensive care unit during a 7-year period (1994–2000). Cases of ENTB bacteremia were identified from a microbiology database and limited to late-onset cases occurring after 3 days of age. Results. There were 53 cases of ENTB bacteremia in infants with CVCs. Blood cultures were positive for ENTB within a median of 10 hours (range: 5–43). Timing of CVC removal was at the discretion of attending neonatologists. Fifteen cases had early-removal CVC (ER-CVC) within 2 days, and 38 cases had late-removal CVC (LR-CVC) >2 days after the first positive blood culture for ENTB. There were no significant differences between infants in the ER-CVC and LR-CVC groups for case fatality, recurrence, or duration of ENTB bacteremia. Although 16 (42%) of 38 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26%–59%) LR-CVC cases required CVC removal to resolve ENTB bacteremia, 17 (45%) of 38 (95% CI: 29%–62%) LR-CVC cases were treated successfully without removal of CVCs. ENTB bacteremia was successfully treated without CVC removal in 85% of 13 LR-CVC cases with 1 day of bacteremia in contrast to 24% of 25 LR-CVC cases with >1 day of bacteremia (relative risk: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.7–7.4). CVC removal was required to resolve ENTB bacteremia in 9 (82%) of 11 LR-CVC cases with severe thrombocytopenia compared with 7 (32%) of 22 LR-CVC cases without severe thrombocytopenia (relative risk: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.3–5.0). Conclusions. Retention of CVCs was successful in 45% of cases of ENTB bacteremia in which it was attempted, but success was unlikely when bacteremia lasted >1 day. ENTB bacteremia cases associated with severe thrombocytopenia rarely resolved unless CVCs were removed.
RNA Sequencing and Analysis

RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) uses the capabilities of high-throughput sequencing methods to provide insight into the transcriptome of a cell. Compared to previous Sanger sequencing- and microarray-based methods, RNA-Seq provides far higher coverage and greater resolution of the dynamic nature of the transcriptome. Beyond quantifying gene expression, the data generated by RNA-Seq facilitate the discovery of novel transcripts, identification of alternatively spliced genes, and detection of allele-specific expression. Recent advances in the RNA-Seq workflow, from sample preparation to library construction to data analysis, have enabled researchers to further elucidate the functional complexity of the transcription. In addition to polyadenylated messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts, RNA-Seq can be applied to investigate different populations of RNA, including total RNA, pre-mRNA, and noncoding RNA, such as microRNA and long ncRNA. This article provides an introduction to RNA-Seq methods, including applications, experimental design, and technical challenges.
The Nature of the State and the State of Nature: a Comment on Grady & McGuire's Paper

In 'The Nature of Constitutions', Mark Grady & Michael McGuire provide a model of the evolution and purposes of constitutions as arising to minimize appropriation by dominants of subordinates. This Comment builds on Grady & McGuire's article in three ways. First, it supplements their analysis by operationalizing a model of constitutional evolution that views constitutions as arising out of the conflict of competing high-ranking individuals to preserve their own authority. From this clash of self-interest of dominant individuals, constitutions are born. This predicts that constitutions will not simply tame all forms of appropriation, but will also hard-wire some forms of appropriation behavior into the permanent constitutional structure. Second, it examines the American constitution in light of this model to show how that constitution reflects the mixture of appropriation and appropriation-taming behavior. Third, this Comment argues that the breakdown of constitutionalism in the United States this century can be explained by a failure to fully appreciate the purposes of constitutionalism in a biological framework.
Mistreating the Treaty Clause

In Wang v. Masaitis, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that the President may constitutionally enter into treaties with non-sovereign entities. Contrary to the Framers' intent that the treaty-making power vests exclusively in entities possessing plenary authority over foreign affairs and diplomacy, the Court upheld the Hong Kong Extradition Agreement as constitutional. Relying on a misplaced Second Circuit decision, the Ninth Circuit held that the Treaty Clause of the Constitution is silent as to what constitutes a cognizable treaty partner. The Court filled in this silence by reasoning that because the United States entered into hundreds of treaties with Indian tribes, the Framers must have intended that non-sovereign entities were competent treaty partners. In so holding, the Court ignored the original intent of the treaty power, subsequent Supreme Court case law that presupposed an inter-sovereign treaty power, and commentators' interpretations of the treaty power. Maintenance of the integrity and structure of the Constitution along with peace in the international community require that the President may not constitutionally enter into treaties with non-sovereign entities such as Hong Kong. Section I of this Note discusses the two main United States Court of Appeals decisions addressing the validity of the Hong Kong Extradition Agreement. Section II examines the text and history of the Treaty Clause, including the Framers' intent and Supreme Court interpretation. Section III describes the political history of Hong Kong and its extradition treaty with the United States. Section IV argues that both Circuit Court decisions should be overruled because both erroneously analogized pre-1871 American Indian tribes with Hong Kong and misconstrued the Treaty Clause. The conclusion raises the potential consequences of finding non-sovereigns to be cognizable treaty partners, such as the possibility of concluding treaties with corporations, organizations, or municipalities, the effect of which would be binding upon the States. Because the Framers would not have intended broad federal authority to bind the nation to such unforeseen agreements, the treaty power extends only to sovereign nations, and not to dependent governments like Hong Kong.
The Strategic Uses of Petty Corruption

Do governments always want to stamp out corruption among their bureaucrats, or is it sometimes useful? I present a simple model in which the government extorts firms for bribes in order to generate informal tax revenues for distributive purposes. The model predicts that, when firms are faced with a supply chain shock that increases their susceptibility to extortion, governments will take advantage of the situation in different ways as a function of their preferences over rents, electoral returns and trade protectionism. To test the predictions of the model, I analyze a case of petty corruption that is highly observable and that governments have demonstrated their capacity to manipulate: the extortion of cargo trucks at checkpoints along trade corridors in West Africa. I treat the 2011 civil war in Cote d'Ivoire as an exogenous supply chain shock that re-directed the trade flows of firms that relied on the Ivoirian corridor, and thus provided an opportunity for transit states to increase extortion. I trace flows of goods along the highways using a dataset that contains one observation for every single truck that entered or left Burkina Faso from 2010-2014 (N>100,000). Data on corruption comes from a dataset of geo-localized bribe payments reported by West African cargo truck drivers from 2007-2013 (N>300,000). I find evidence for large and positive effects of the supply chain shock on extortion. Importantly, such effects are present only for firms exposed to the shock, and not among those who use the Togolese corridor, which I treat as a placebo test. Moreover, the patterns of evidence that arise are suggestive of distinct extortionary strategies: whereas Ghana appears to use petty corruption purely in order to subsidize its bureaucracy, Mali appears to use it in a more targeted way, so as to protect its exports from competition by neighboring countries.
Erratum: Antibody production in rabbits administered Freund's complete adjuvant and carprofen concurrently.

Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) is a commonly used immunopotentiator that can boost polyclonal antibody production in animal models such as rabbits, but FCA is also known to cause inflammation and pain. It is important to balance the welfare of animals with the goal of efficiently producing antibodies, but little is known about how common treatments for pain and inflammation, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), affect the production of polyclonal antibodies. The purpose of this study was to measure polyclonal antibody production in rabbits that were administered FCA either with or without a concurrent treatment of a NSAID, carprofen. Rabbits were divided into two groups and were administered identical treatments of an antigen with adjuvant, and the treatment group also received carprofen injections at different stages of the study. Carprofen treatment did not significantly affect polyclonal antibody production, which suggests that carprofen and other NSAIDs can be used alongside FCA in rabbits to achieve desired levels of antibody production while minimizing pain and distress associated with the use of FCA.
Comparison crystal structure conformations of two structurally related biphenyl analogues: 4,4′-bis­[3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)prop-1-yn-1-yl]-1,1′-biphenyl and 4,4′-bis­{3-[(S)-2-methyl­pyrrolidin-1-yl]prop-1-yn-1-yl}-1,1′-biphen­yl

The title compounds, C26H28N2, (I), and C28H32N2, (II), were designed based on the structure of the potent α9α10 nicotinic acetyl­choline receptor antagonist ZZ161C {1,1′-[[1,1′-biphen­yl]-4,4′-diylbis(prop-2-yne-3,1-di­yl)]bis­(3,4-di­methyl­pyridin-1-ium) bromide}. In order to improve the druglikeness properties of ZZ161C for potential oral administration, the title compounds (I) and (II) were prepared by coupling 4,4′-bis­(3-bromo­prop-1-yn-1-yl)-1,1′-biphenyl with pyrrol­idine, (I), and (S)-2-methyl­pyrrolidine, (II), respectively, in aceto­nitrile at room temperature. The asymmetric unit of (I) contains two half mol­ecules that each sit on sites of crystallographic inversion. As a result, the biphenyl ring systems in compound (I) are coplanar. The biphenyl ring system in compound (II), however, has a dihedral angle of 28.76 (11)°. In (I), the two independent mol­ecules differ in the orientation of the pyrrolidine ring (the nitro­gen lone pair points towards the biphenyl rings in one mol­ecule, but away from the rings in the other). The torsion angles about the ethynyl groups between the planes of the phenyl rings and the pyrrolidine ring N atoms are 84.15 (10) and −152.89 (10)°. In compound (II), the corresponding torsion angles are 122.0 (3) and 167.0 (3)°, with the nitro­gen lone pairs at both ends of the mol­ecule directed away from the central biphenyl rings.
Susceptibility of Diapausing Pupae of the Western Cherry Fruit Fly (Diptera:Tephritidae) and a Parasite (Hymenoptera:Diapriidae) to Subfreezing Temperatures

The diapausing pupae of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, and its major parasite, Psilus sp., were exposed to different temperatures for various lengths of time to determine their susceptibility to extreme cold temperatures. Both the fruit fly and the parasite showed a high degree of tolerance to sub-freezing temperatures. They survived almost all tested (16–48 days) exposures at −4°C, and certain shorter (16–36 days in non-soil and 16–48 days in soil) exposures at −10°C. The exposure of both these groups of insects to −16°C resulted in high mortality (82–100%) and a drastic reduction in adult emergence. Data indicate that temperature fluctuation during winter months might give a reasonable predictive indication of the size of the cherry fruit fly population for the following summer.
Pathologic basis for abnormal uterine bleeding with organic uterine pathologies.

Abstract Research is ongoing into the mechanisms of abnormal uterine bleeding, including bleeding from organic etiologies, where there is an intrinsic uterine lesion. Most of the current studies are focused on abnormalities of angiogenesis. By elucidating these mechanisms, targeted therapies can be developed. This article reviews the literature on pathologic mechanisms involved in bleeding from organic etiologies.
Design of Active Measurement System for Voltage Transformer Error Test

In order to adapt to the error test of the field voltage transformer, this paper presents a system to measure voltage transformer error actively based on WiFi, which uses advanced power electronic technology and WiFi communication technology to make the regulator, transformer instrument and load boxes form a wireless communication network,and replaces manual control by computer control. It also measures the actual load of the circuit automatically and gives the adjusting parameters according to the series resonant boost circuit. The system realizes the digitalmeasurement, the network control, the state visualization which greatly improve the accuracy and security of the field measurement.
Analysis of the Surveillance Results of Iodine Deficiency Disorders In Guangdong Province, 1995 - 2000

ve To investigate the situations of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) and iodized salt supply in Guangdong Province from 1995 to 2000,and to develop effective measures to conduct the IDD elimination project successfully. Methods According to the "National IDD Surveillance Project"and the "Stage E-valuation for the IDD Elimination", primary school students aged 8 - 10 from different areas in Guangdong Province were selected and the evaluation measures were implemented. Results The prevalence rates of goiter in children aged 8-10 in 1995,1997,1999 and 2000 were 11.08% ,9.40% ,7.49% and 4.97% respectively and the medians of the urinary iodine in the same years were 91. 65μg/L, 159. 3μg/L, 185. 8μg/L and 303.0μg/L respectively. The qualified rates of iodized salt in the same years were 56.38% ,65.95% ,87.66% and 98.52% respectively.Conclusion With the iodized salt supply popularizing and its quality improving,the iodine nutritional level in population has been improved and the rate of goiter has been decreased. Guangdong Province has passed the national evaluation of the "Stage Evaluation for the IDD Elimination"in year 2000.
Concentration-dependent effects of disulfonic stilbenes on colonic chloride transport.

Stripped rabbit colonic mucosa was studied in vitro in Ussing chambers to determine effects of the disulfonic stilbenes 4-acetamido-49-isothiocyanostilbene-2,29-disulfonate (SITS) and 4,49-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,29-disulfonate (DIDS) and the diuretic furosemide on unidirectional and net Cl fluxes. Results from these studies reveal that SITS (1 mM) added to either the serosal or mucosal bathing solution reduced both unidirectional Cl fluxes with no significant change in net Cl flux. The effects of SITS do not appear to be mediated by an effect on the shunt permeability since SITS (1 mM) did not alter either the intercept or slope of the Na concentration dependence of the serosal-to-mucosal Na flux. Furosemide (1 mM) decreased the serosal-to-mucosal Cl flux without altering short-circuit current (Isc) when added to the luminal bathing solution and reduced both unidirectional fluxes and increased Isc when added to the serosal bathing solution. DIDS (0.5 mM) added to the luminal bathing solution did not alter unidirectional Cl fluxes or Isc. However, serosal addition of DIDS produced dose-dependent changes in Cl transport. At 5 microM DIDS reduced the mucosal-to-serosal Cl flux without altering the serosal-to-mucosal flux or Isc. At 50 microM DIDS reduced the mucosal-to-serosal Cl flux and increased Isc, and at 0.5 mM DIDS increased the serosal-to-mucosal Cl flux, reduced the mucosal-to-serosal Cl flux, and increased Isc and transepithelial conductance. The effect of 0.5 mM DIDS on Isc was reduced by Ca removal from the serosal bathing solution and by the loop diuretics furosemide and bumetanide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
‘Blind Tom’ abroad: race, disability, and transatlantic representations of Thomas Wiggins

Congenitally blind with cognitive disabilities that led to his diagnosis as an ‘idiotic genius’, nineteenth-century African-American musical prodigy Thomas ‘Blind Tom’ Wiggins was nonetheless one of the most popular performers of his age. This article examines the ways that Wiggins’ identity was constructed and mediated through transatlantic eyes through his introduction to British readers by American writer Rebecca Harding Davis and the publicity materials created from his 1866–1867 European tour. This article expands the geographical focus of Blind Tom scholarship, considering him as a transatlantic phenomenon positioned between boundaries based on his race, citizenship, disability, and talent.
Phoenix: Memory Speed HPC I/O with NVM

In order to bridge the gap between the applications' I/O needs on future exascale platforms, and thecapabilities of conventional memory and storage technologies, HPC system designs started integrating components based onemerging non-volatile memory technologies. Non-volatile memory (NVRAM) provides persistent storage at close to memoryspeeds, with good capacity scaling, leading to opportunitiesto accelerate I/O in exascale machines. However, naive use ofNVRAM devices with current software stacks, exposes newbottlenecks due to the limited device bandwidth and slowerdevice access times compared to DRAM. To address this, we propose Phoenix (PHX), an NVRAM-bandwidth aware object store for persistent objects. PHXachieves efficiency through use of memory-centric objectinterfaces and device access stack specialized for NVRAM. Furthermore, PHX deals with the limited PCM bandwidththrough simultaneous use of NVRAM and DRAM devices, thus increasing the effective data movement bandwidth. Thisleads to reduction in the time length of the critical path I/Ooperations associated with the slow NVM device. To continueguaranteeing adequate reliability for the persistent objects, DRAM-resident object state is replicated across peer nodes'memory, accessible through high-bandwidth interconnects. Fur-thermore PHX minimizes the data movement overheads dueto additional data copies, by using a cost model that considersdevice bandwidths, remote storage distance and energy costs. Experimental analysis using real-world HPC applications onemulated NVRAM hardware shows that Phoenix's controlleduse of node-local and remote-node memory bandwidth, delivers up to ~ 1.2×, ~ 2× and ~ 12× speed-up for checkpoint I/Ofor the S3D, CM1 and GTC HPC applications, respectively. Furthermore PHX reduces total simulation checkpoint over-head of GTC up to ~ 18%.
Paraprotein-associated thrombotic microangiopathy: expanding the spectrum of renal disease related to plasma cell dyscrasias

Plasma cell dyscrasias are associated with a variety of renal diseases, most resulting from the deposition of intact or altered monoclonal paraproteins within the renal parenchyma. Much less commonly, renal disease resulting from monoclonal gammopathies has been reported without actual accumulation of the paraprotein or a derivative of it within the kidney. One such instance involves thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), which is a consequence of endothelial cell injury. New data from the Mayo Clinic indicate that the association of TMA with monoclonal gammopathies is far more frequent than previously appreciated. These findings have potentially important implications for the treatment of TMA in a significant number of patients.
A Pilot Study of Enhancing Subject Discovery of Textual Web Resources

The aim of this study is to explore to what degree hyperlinked external resources contribute to the automated subject-related term indexing. Empirical evidence shows no additional enhancement of performance with the additional resources. It also implies that target Web pages are closer in subject to siting pages than sited pages. L’objectif de cette etude est d’explorer a quel degre les ressources hypertextes externes contribuent a l’indexation automatique par sujet. L’observation empirique ne montre aucune amelioration additionnelle de la performance avec les ressources supplementaires. Ceci implique egalement que le sujet des pages web ciblees se rapproche davantage du sujet des pages web selectionnant que des pages web selectionnees.
Revisiting parental influence in individual political development: Democratic parenting in adolescence

Supporting developmental psychology’s emphasis on the effect of everyday experiences on civic development, this study tested whether parenting behaviors devoid of explicit political content were as...
Multivariate outlier detection in medicare claims payments applying probabilistic programming methods

The rising elderly population continues to demand more cost-effective healthcare programs. In particular, Medicare is a vital program serving the needs of the elderly in the United States. The growing number of people enrolled in healthcare programs such as Medicare, along with the enormous volume of money in the healthcare industry, increases the appeal for, and risk of, fraudulent activities. Out of the many possible factors for the rising cost of healthcare, fraud is a major contributor, but its impacts can be lessened through the use of fraud detection methods. In this paper, we assess possible illegitimate activities by looking at the amounts paid to providers for services rendered to patients. We propose a novel method for fraud detection that focuses on discovering outliers in Medicare payment data using multiple predictors as model inputs. Our multivariate outlier detection approach is twofold: (1) create a Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines model to produce studentized residuals and, (2) use the residuals as input into a general univariate outlier detection model, based on full Bayesian inference, using probabilistic programming. Using this approach, we are able to incorporate multiple variables to detect outliers with a model that provides probability distributions, with credible intervals, rather than just point values, as with most common outlier detection methods. Additionally, these credible intervals further enhance confidence that the detected outliers should in fact be considered outlying values, thus possibly fraudulent activities. Our results show that the successful detection of these possibly fraudulent activities can provide effective and meaningful results for further investigation within various medical specialties.
Intraspecific Aggression in Neonate Common Five-Lined Skinks (Plestiodon fasciatus)

Abstract We studied aggressive behavior of neonate Common Five-Lined Skinks (Plestiodon fasciatus) in a controlled laboratory study. Two neonates of differing sizes were placed on opposite sides of a divided observation chamber for 48 h. Then the partition was removed, a single retreat was placed in the center of the observation chamber, and the behaviors of the two neonates were recorded for 60 min. Neonate Five-Lined Skinks did not interact unless they were within one body length of each other. During an encounter, one lizard typically displayed aggressive behavior (lunging) while the other lizard displayed submissive behavior (avoidance/fleeing), though in 24% of encounters the two lizards showed no reaction. Dominant lizards won significantly more encounters than subordinate lizards. The subordinate lizards displayed tail wiggling behavior significantly more frequently than dominant lizards, suggesting this behavior may be a visual signal of subordinate status. The larger lizard was dominant in 75% of...
Radiation chemistry of solid acetone in the interstellar medium – a new dimension to an old problem

A laboratory investigation of acetone, an interstellar and cometary molecule, has produced new results concerning its decomposition in a radiation environment. Mid-infrared spectroscopy has been used to follow amorphous acetone's destruction by ionizing radiation (1 MeV protons) at 20 K. Radiation products identified are the CH4, CO, and CO2 usually made in such experiments, along with ketene, allene, and the acetonyl radical, all identified here for the first time in irradiated solid acetone. Evidence for the reduction product 2-propanol was suggestive, but a firm identification could not be made either for it or for the C2 hydrocarbons (i.e., C2H6, C2H4, C2H2). The acetyl radical was not observed as a radiation product. Isotopically labeled reagents were used to demonstrate ketene formation and to emphasize that multiple approaches are needed for robust assignments of infrared spectral features of irradiated icy solids. Results from a supporting radiation experiment with isotopically labeled acetic acid are described. Comparisons are made to a previous study of acetone's stability in extraterrestrial radiation environments, and caution is urged in measuring and interpreting CO abundances in irradiated icy solids.
Hispanics and Cultural Bias: Test Development and Applications

The cultural and ethnic landscapes of the United States (U.S.) are becoming increasingly more diverse, as noted in Chapter 2. Although large-scale migrations historically have exhibited geographical predilection, diversity is no longer manifested only in selected border towns or large metropolitan areas, since small cities and suburbs across the country are reflecting an increasingly diverse population, particularly large-scale increases in the Hispanic population. The effects of multiculturalism are acutely felt in the decision-making processes associated with educational placement, diagnostic formulation, legal proceedings, and treatment planning. Clearly, the important role that neuropsychological evaluations play in the aforementioned decision-making processes will only continue to be effective if the impact of bias in neuropsychological practice, and in particular, test bias, is adequately addressed. For decades neuropsychology has grappled with the effects of such potential biases.
An Approach to Children with Pulmonary Edema at High Altitude

Abstract Liptzin, Deborah R., Steven H. Abman, Ann Giesenhagen, and D. Dunbar Ivy. An approach to children with pulmonary edema at high altitude. High Alt Med Biol. 19:91–98, 2018. Introduction: Di...
Association of Hypovitaminosis D With Increased Risk of Uveitis in a Large Health Care Claims Database.

Importance Understanding the role of vitamin D—which regulates inflammatory responses—in noninfectious uveitis (an inflammatory disease) may provide insight into treatment and prevention of this disease. Objective To investigate whether there is an association between hypovitaminosis D and incident noninfectious uveitis. Design, Setting, and Participants In a retrospective case-control study, data from a health care claims database containing deidentified medical claims from a large private insurer were used to identify 558 adults enrolled from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2016, who received a diagnosis of noninfectious uveitis from an eye care clinician (with receipt of a confirmatory diagnosis within 120 days of the initial diagnosis) and who had a vitamin D level measured within 1 year before the first diagnosis. Exclusion criteria included having systemic disease or receiving medication known to lower vitamin D levels, having undergone intraocular surgery, and having infectious uveitis. Each case patient was matched with 5 controls on the basis of age, sex, race/ethnicity, and index date (2790 controls). The controls had vitamin D level determined either within 1 year before or within 6 months after receiving an eye examination with normal findings. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association between hypovitaminosis D and noninfectious uveitis. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary, prespecified analysis assessed the association of noninfectious uveitis with hypovitaminosis D (vitamin D level ≤20 ng/mL). Results The 558 cases and 2790 controls were matched on age, and each group had a mean (SD) age of 58.9 (14.7) years. Among the cohort of 3348 patients, 2526 (75.4%) were female, and the racial/ethnic distribution in the matched samples was 2022 (60.4%) white, 552 (16.5%) black, 402 (12.0%) Hispanic, 162 (4.8%) Asian, and 210 (6.3%) unknown. Patients with normal vitamin D levels had 21% lower odds of having noninfectious uveitis than patients with low vitamin D levels (odds ratio [OR], 0.79; 95% CI, 0.62-0.99;P = .04). In a race-stratified analysis, an association between vitamin D and uveitis was found in black patients (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.30-0.80;P = .004) and was qualitatively similar but nonsignificant in white patients (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.62-1.21;P = .40) and Hispanic patients (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.33-1.10;P = .10). Conclusions and Relevance This and other reports have found an association between hypovitaminosis D and noninfectious uveitis. However, these studies cannot establish a causal relationship. Prospective studies are warranted to evaluate whether hypovitaminosis D causes increased risk of uveitis and the role of vitamin D supplementation in prevention and treatment of uveitis.
The center of shear as a problem of the theory of plates of variable thickness

The principal concern of this paper is to focus once again attention on the inherent difficulties which are associated with attempts to determine shear center locations for beams of given cross section on the basis of the classical St. Venant torsion-flexure analysis. The special case of this problem which is given when the beam may be treated as a thin plate of variable thickness is used to bring out the limited significance of the St. Venant formulas in relation to the higher-dimension mixed boundary value problem which has previously been shown to be at the root of the shear center problem.
Sound in silence: design and listening cultures in the Woodberry Poetry Room

This article examines the ways in which architecture and design forged a place for sound reproduction technologies inside the silent sanctuary of the modern library. During the first half of the tw...
Assessing College Students’ Use of Campus Recreation Facilities through Individual and Environmental Factors:

Physical activity is related to overall well-being among college students. For many college students, on-campus recreational facilities are the primary environment for physical activity to occur. S...
Family contributions to sport performance and their utility in predicting appropriate referrals to mental health optimization programmes.

Limited research has examined the contributions of sport-specific family relationship problems to athlete mental health. In the current study we examined the extent to which collegiate athletes’ fa...
Throw me a lifeline: Articulating mobile social network dispersion and the social construction of risk in rescue communication:

This research develops a model of mobile social network dispersion in rescue communication, and illustrates how people use a combination of mobile and social media, along with real-time communicati...
Fall Age-Ratio Survey Design for Eastern Population Greater Sandhill Cranes

Abstract For migratory birds, wildlife managers can use the recruitment rate of young into an adult population to model population dynamics, manage harvest, or evaluate habitat. Few recruitment est...
Minimal benefit to extending the stroop Interference Task among individuals undergoing outpatient assessment.

The third trial of Golden’s Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT), which involves identifying the color of words printed in a color that contrasts with its spelling, is usually limited to 45 seconds. S...
Self-selected fluid volume and flavor strength does not alter fluid intake, body mass loss, or physiological strain during moderate-intensity exercise in the heat

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ad libitum flavor and fluid intake on changes in body mass (BM) and physiological strain during moderate intensity exercise in the heat. Methods Ten subjects (24±3yrs, 7M/3F) performed 60 min of treadmill walking at 1.3 m/s and 7% grade in an environmental chamber set to 33 °C and 10% relative humidity while carrying a 22.7 kg pack on two different occasions. Subjects consumed either plain water or water plus flavor (Infuze), ad libitum, at each visit. Pre and post exercise, fluid consumption (change in fluid reservoir weight) and BM (nude) were measured. During exercise, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), oxygen consumption (VO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), core temperature (TC), and physiological strain index (PSI) were recorded every 15 min during exercise. Results No significant differences were observed for fluid consumption between fluid conditions (512 ± 97.2 mL water vs. 414.3 ± 62.5 mL Infuze). Despite a significant decrease from baseline, there were no significant differences in overall change of BM (Δ −1.18 vs. −0.64 Kg) or percent body weight loss for water and Infuze conditions, respectively (1.58 ± 0.6 and 0.79 ± 0.2%). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in HR (144 ± 6 vs. 143 ± 8 bpm), SBP (157 ± 5 vs. 155 ± 5 mmHg), RPE, VO2 (27.4 ± 0.9 vs. 28.1 ± 1.2 ml/Kg/min), RER, TC (38.1 ± 0.1 vs. 37.0 ± 0.1 °C), and peak PSI (5.4 ± 0.4 vs. 5.7 ± 0.8) between conditions. Conclusions Offering individuals the choice to actively manipulate flavor strength did not significantly influence ad libitum fluid consumption, fluid loss, or physiological strain during 60 min of moderate intensity exercise in the heat.
Non-linear dynamical tides in white dwarf binaries

Compact white dwarf (WD) binaries are important sources for space-based gravitational-wave (GW) observatories, and an increasing number of them are being identified by surveys like ZTF. We study the effects of nonlinear dynamical tides in such binaries. We focus on the global three-mode parametric instability and show that it has a much lower threshold energy than the local wave-breaking condition studied previously. By integrating networks of coupled modes, we calculate the tidal dissipation rate as a function of orbital period. We construct phenomenological models that match these numerical results and use them to evaluate the spin and luminosity evolution of a WD binary. While in linear theory the WD's spin frequency can lock to the orbital frequency, we find that such a lock cannot be maintained when nonlinear effects are taken into account. Instead, as the orbit decays, the spin and orbit go in and out of synchronization. Each time they go out of synchronization, there is a brief but significant dip in the tidal heating rate. While most WDs in compact binaries should have luminosities that are similar to previous traveling-wave estimates, a few percent should be about ten times dimmer because they reside in heating rate dips. This offers a potential explanation for the low luminosity of the CO WD in J0651. Lastly, we consider the impact of tides on the GW signal and show that LISA and TianGO can constrain the WD's moment of inertia to better than 1% for deci-Hz systems.
Acute Myocardial Infarction With Cardiogenic Shock Due to Pericardial Constriction and Multivessel Coronary Obstruction

Abstract We present a rare case of cardiogenic shock and multivessel coronary compression due to focal pericardial inflammation and constriction. The patient was treated in the acute phase with coronary stenting and temporary mechanical support. Multimodality imaging was essential in elucidating the diagnosis. (Level of Difficulty: Beginner.)
Abstract 310A: Transcription factors FOXP3 regulate ATF3 expression

Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a stress sensor, is rapidly induced by a variety of physiological and pathological signals, including those from cancer cells, and is essential in the complex processes of stress response. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that ATF3 is involved in host defense and cancer development. Several studies also provide the relationship between ATF3 and p53 indicating that ATF3 binds to and stabilizes p53 while ATF3 is a negative regulator of TP53 gene expression. FOXP3, a well-known breast and prostate tumor suppressor, is a novel transcriptional repressor for several oncogenes including SKP2. However, whether ATF3 is the target protein of FOXP3 remains unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that ATF3 expression is regulated by FOXP3. First, we observed that overexpression of FOXP3 reduced ATF3 protein level in several cancer cell lines (H1299, HepG2, and Ishikawa cells). Secondly, FOXP3 dose-dependently reduced ATF3 promoter activity in gene reporter assay in several cell lines (MCF7, H1299, MDAMB231, and Saos2 cells). Since FOXP3 is regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs), we next investigated whether PTMs affect FOXP3-mediated ATF3 expression. Interestingly, we observed that phosphorylation mutation on FOXP3 (Y342F) abolished FOXP3-mediated ATF3 expression. However, other PTM mutations on FOXP3, including S418 phosphorylation, K263 acetylation and ubiquitination, and K268 acetylation and ubiquitination, did not alter FOXP3-mediated ATF3 expression. Finally, FOXP3 binding site was found on ATF3 promoter region, around -870 bp region. Taken together, our results suggest that FOXP3 functions as a novel regulator of ATF3 and this novel event may be involved in tumor development and progression. Citation Format: Wei-Hsiung Yang, Chiung-Min Wang, William Yang. Transcription factors FOXP3 regulate ATF3 expression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 310A.
Background concentration, risk assessment and regulatory threshold development: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin surface soils.

Abstract Inputs of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of regulatory interest from diffuse atmospheric sources within urban areas frequently elevate local soil concentrations to levels requiring remediation despite the lack of in-situ contamination. This research sought to determine the distribution and potential health effects of aerially deposited PAHs in soil within the urban core of metropolitan Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.A. as part of a soil regulatory standards reevaluation. Park areas (n = 27) identified as undisturbed for 80+ years, containing no fill material, and receiving only atmospheric deposition were selected for composite surface and 92 cm core soil sample collection (n = 295). Samples were analyzed for the 16 USEPA priority PAHs, 1- and 2- methylnapthalene and ancillary soil properties. Soil core and ancillary data confirm lack of site disturbance. PAH diagnostic ratios and homologue summations indicate that diffuse multiple point source emissions contribute equally to PAH deposition throughout the area. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and dibenz(a,h)anthracene mean concentrations exceed health-based clean up levels. Risk assessment shows only a worst-case exposure scenario (BaP at the 95% upper confidence limit) increasing cancer risk (1.67 × 10−6) over current regulatory thresholds (1.0 × 10−6). Health quotients show potential health risks from fluoranthene and pyrene for daily park users and from BaP for all others. Mean soil PAH values are similar to New Orleans, but lower than Chicago, Boston, and London reflecting industrial history and site selection protocols. The soil PAH results presented here for sites selected for non-manipulated soils combined with an almost 100-year uninterrupted atmospheric exposure effectively show the maximum potential PAH values that can be found at any given undisturbed location within the Milwaukee urban core due solely to atmospheric deposition.