cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Violence Against Female Student Nurses in the Workplace

Violence, harassment, and bullying in the workplace are not new phenomena. However, the growing epidemic of violence in the health sector workplace is raising great concern among workers, employers, and governmental agencies across Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. National and international literature reveals that the prevalence of violence experienced by graduate and undergraduate female nursing students in the college and workplace settings is largely unknown. Moreover, the prevalence of violence is now recognized as a major health priority by the World Health Organization, the International Council of Nurses, and Public Services International. Even so, the number of nursing personnel affected by this problem continues to rise. A modified self-report online survey was used to ascertain the level of violence experienced by nursing students in their clinical placements. One hundred percent of those surveyed had experienced some type of workplace violence and the perpetrators were most often other staff members followed closely by patients. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing Position Statement recommends that all faculty prepare nurses to recognize and prevent all forms of violence in the workplace. This research seeks to develop practical approaches to better understand and prevent this global public health issue.
Insights into nonspecific binding of homeodomains from a structure of MATα2 bound to DNA

The 2.1-A resolution crystal structure of the MATα2 homeodomain bound to DNA reveals the unexpected presence of two nonspecifically bound α2 homeodomains, in addition to the two α2 homeodomains bound to canonical α2 binding sites. One of the extra homeodomains makes few base-specific contacts, while the other extra homeodomain binds to DNA in a previously unobserved manner. This unusually bound homeodomain is rotated on the DNA, making possible major groove contacts by side-chains that normally do not contact the DNA. This alternate docking may represent one way in which homeodomains sample nonspecific DNA sequences. Proteins 2003;51:544–551. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Time Series Forecasts of Poison Center Call Volume

We tested the hypothesis that time series analysis can provide accurate predictions of future poison center telephone call volume by a prospective stochastic time series modeling of calls to a university-based regional poison center. All callers evaluated and managed during two sequential years had the time and date of the call recorded in a computer database. Time series variables were formed for poison center calls per hour. Prediction models were developed from the 1992 data and included four types: raw observations, moving average, means with moving average smoothing, and autoregressive integrated moving average. Forecasts from each model were tested against observations from the first 26 weeks of 1993. Each model's adequacy was tested on residuals by autocorrelation functions, integrated periodograms, linear regression, and differences among the variances. A total of 44,584 calls were received in 1992 and 24,781 in the first half of 1993. Large periodic variations in call volume with time of day were found (p < 0.001). The model based on arithmetic means of each hour of the week with three-point moving average smoothing yielded the most accurate forecasts and explained 58.5% of the variation observed in the 1993 test series (p < 0.001). Time series analysis can provide powerful, accurate short range forecasts of future poison center telephone call volume. Simpler, less expensive models performed best in this study.
Nonparametric empirical Bayes estimator in simultaneous estimation of Poisson means with application to mass spectrometry data

We consider the problem of simultaneous Poisson mean vector estimation and discuss the performance of nonparametric empirical Bayes (NPEB) estimator from the view point of risk consistency. We define the structural uniform risk consistency with respect to some classes of priors and show that the NPEB estimator achieves a structural uniform risk consistency with respect to some class of priors. It is shown that the NPEB estimator performs better than the maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE) and James–Stein estimators from the view point of structural uniform risk consistency. We also present numerical studies which support the asymptotic results and compare with the MLE and James–Stein-type estimators. We provide a real example of mass spectrometry data from a breast cancer study in Sauter et al. [Sauter, E.R., Davis, W., Qin, W., Scanlon, S., Mooney, B., Bromert, K., and Folk, W.R. (2009), ‘Identification of a β-Casein-Like Peptide in Breast Nipple Aspirate Fluid that is Associated with Breast Cancer’, Biom...
The role of climate and vegetation change in shaping past and future fire regimes in the northwestern US and the implications for ecosystem management

Abstract Fire is an important part of the disturbance regimes of northwestern US forests and its role in maintaining and altering forest vegetation is evident in the paleoecological record of the region. Long-term reconstructions of Holocene fire regimes, provided by the analysis of charcoal, pollen, and other fire proxies in a network of lake records, indicate that the Pacific Northwest and summer-dry regions of the northern Rocky Mountains experienced their highest fire activity in the early Holocene (11,000–7000 years ago) and during the Medieval Warm Period (ca. 1000 years ago) when drought conditions were more severe than today. In contrast, in summer-wet areas of the northern Rocky Mountains, the period of highest fire activity was registered in the last 7000 years when dry woodland vegetation developed. When synthesized across the entire northwestern US, the paleoecological record reveals that past and present fire regimes are strongly controlled by climate changes occurring on multiple time scales. The scarcity of fires in the 20th century in some northwestern US ecosystems may be the result of successful fire suppression policies, but in wetter forests this absence is consistent with long-term fire regime patterns. In addition, simulations of potential future climate and vegetation indicate that future fire conditions in some parts of the northwestern US could be more severe than they are today. The Holocene record of periods of intensified summer drought is used to assess the nature of future fire–climate–vegetation linkages in the region.
Ground and Flight Test Results for a Decelerator Towline Energy Absorber

Parachute decelerator towline energy absorber shock attenuation characteristics, discussing drop test results
Gangsta’ Rap and a Murder in Bakersfield1

The present study explored the biasing effects of gangsta’ rap lyrics on subject perceptions of a murder trial defendant’s personality. The lyrics were those actually authored by a defendant in a murder trial on which the present writer was a psychological consultant for the defense. Results strongly indicated that the defendant was seen as more likely to have committed a murder than had he not been presented as authoring such lyrics. Surprisingly, results also showed that the writing of such rap lyrics were more damning in terms of adjudged personality characteristics than was the actual fact of being charged with murder. Background and Introduction In 1995 the writer was retained by the Defense as an expert witness for a murder trial in Bakersfield, California. This was a retrial of a murder case in which he had testified in 1992. During the first trial, sample lyrics from a portfolio of inflammatory gangsta’ rap lyrics which were found in the home of the defendant, Offord Rollins III, an 18 year-old African-American high school student-athlete, were shown to the jury as evidence of Rollins’ alleged criminal disposition as it might relate to the murder of a Puerto Rican high school student, his former girlfriend. The writer testified as to the poor as well as sullied evidentiary and psychological projective value of the rap lyrics. The lyrics, while decidedly violent and misogynistic, were written for commercial and entertainment purposes. Moreover, they were highly imitative of rap lyrics popular at the time of the murder. Furthermore, they were cowritten by Rollins and a relative. They thus provided little value as reflecting Rollins’ state of mind or disposition to commit the murder of his former girlfriend.
Invited Review: Effects of different activity and inactivity paradigms on myosin heavy chain gene expression in striated muscle

The goal of this mini-review is to summarize findings concerning the role that different models of muscular activity and inactivity play in altering gene expression of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) family of motor proteins in mammalian cardiac and skeletal muscle. This was done in the context of examining parallel findings concerning the role that thyroid hormone (T(3), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine) plays in MHC expression. Findings show that both cardiac and skeletal muscles of experimental animals are initially undifferentiated at birth and then undergo a marked level of growth and differentiation in attaining the adult MHC phenotype in a T(3)/activity level-dependent fashion. Cardiac MHC expression in small mammals is highly sensitive to thyroid deficiency, diabetes, energy deprivation, and hypertension; each of these interventions induces upregulation of the beta-MHC isoform, which functions to economize circulatory function in the face of altered energy demand. In skeletal muscle, hyperthyroidism, as well as interventions that unload or reduce the weight-bearing activity of the muscle, causes slow to fast MHC conversions. Fast to slow conversions, however, are seen under hypothyroidism or when the muscles either become chronically overloaded or subjected to intermittent loading as occurs during resistance training and endurance exercise. The regulation of MHC gene expression by T(3) or mechanical stimuli appears to be strongly regulated by transcriptional events, based on recent findings on transgenic models and animals transfected with promoter-reporter constructs. However, the mechanisms by which T(3) and mechanical stimuli exert their control on transcriptional processes appear to be different. Additional findings show that individual skeletal muscle fibers have the genetic machinery to express simultaneously all of the adult MHCs, e.g., slow type I and fast IIa, IIx, and IIb, in unique combinations under certain experimental conditions. This degree of heterogeneity among the individual fibers would ensure a large functional diversity in performing complex movement patterns. Future studies must now focus on 1) the signaling pathways and the underlying mechanisms governing the transcriptional/translational machinery that control this marked degree of plasticity and 2) the morphological organization and functional implications of the muscle fiber's capacity to express such a diversity of motor proteins.
Effects of gonadectomy and androgen treatment on aromatase activity in the fetal monkey brain.

We studied the ability of neural tissues from fetal rhesus maca ques to aromatize androgens to estrogens and assessed whether androgens are involved in the regulation of aromatase activity during development. Fetuses of both sexes, obtained on approximately Day 100 of gestation, were gonadectomized and immediately given intraabdominal Silastic capsules containing dihydro testosterone. Sham-go nadectomized (intact) and gonadectomized, sham-implanted groups were also studied. Three weeks after the initial operation, the fetuses were delivered by cesarean section. To examine the developmental pattern of aromatase activity in the brain, fetuses were also delivered at two earlier times in gestation (at “50 days and ““80 days). Whole-homogenates of preop tic area plus anterior hypothalamus (POA), hypothalamus (HT), amygdala (AMYG), and cerebral cortex (CTX) were incubated for 1 h in a phosphate buffer with saturating concentrations of [113-s H] androstenedione. The amount of 3H2 0 formed was used as an index to estimate aromatase activity. The aromatase reaction exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics with an apparent Km of approximately 0.03 �uM in all tissues from 120-day-old fetuses. Activity measured with the 3H2 0 assay closely corresponded with levels determined by product isolation. The highest levels of aromatase activity were found in the POA. Neither gonadectomy nor treatment with androgen affected aromatase in fetal tissue; activities in males were significantly greater than in females for the AM YG and CTX, but not for the POA or HT. The levels of aromatase activity detected in the HT and CTX of both sexes on Days 50 and 80 of gestation were at least ten times greater than the levels measured in adults. These results show that estrogen can be synthesized in fetal monkey brains and that this activity is not regulated by circulating androgens during development as it is in adult rhesus maca ques.
Aragonite saturation states at cold‐water coral reefs structured by Lophelia pertusa in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Ocean acidification, the reduction in pH and calcium carbonate saturation states of seawater, is likely toexhibit its most immediate effects on cold-water corals in deep waters with the shoaling of the aragonite saturationhorizon. However, empirical data describing the carbonate chemistry at cold-water coral reefs are very rare.Regions of the upper slope of the Northern Gulf of Mexico harbor several deep-water reefs structured by thescleractinian Lophelia pertusa. We collected discreet water samples at a range of depths in the Gulf of Mexico,including eight Lophelia reefs, and measured total alkalinity and pH to calculate the aragonite saturation state(V arag ). The deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico (. 300 m depth) were at aragonite saturation states between 0.98and 1.69. L. pertusa was present at sites with V arag between 1.25 and 1.69, and carbonate ion concentrationsbetween 92 and 123 mmol kg 21 . These data provide a critical baseline for detecting future changes in carbonatechemistry in the water column (i.e., aragonite saturation horizon shoaling), as well as at the sites of well-developedcold-water coral structures threatened by ongoing ocean acidification.
Real-time VanderLugt optical correlator that uses photorefractive GaAs

A real-time GaAs and liquid-crystal television- (LCTV-) based optical correlator is demonstrated. The speed of this correlator (video rate) is limited by the LCTV's; with faster spatial light modulators, the potential speed of a GaAs-based correlator may be 1000 frames/s or higher. Comparisons are made between VanderLugt and joint transform configurations and between degenerate and nondegenerate four-wave mixings. The edge-enhancement effect and the Bragg diffraction effect are also discussed.
Correlation of DNA ploidy to tumor histologic grade, clinical variables, and survival in dogs with mast cell tumors.

By using flow cytometry, a retrospective analysis of the DNA content of 40 primary canine mast cell tumors and seven lymph nodes that contained metastatic mast cell tumor from 44 dogs of various breed, sex, and age was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples of the tumors and nodes. These samples were chosen according to the following criteria: samples contained sufficient well-preserved tumor tissue in the paraffin block for processing, sufficient patient history data were available, clean and homogeneous cell suspensions were obtained after processing, and interpretable DNA histograms were produced on analysis. The ploidy data obtained were compared with the histopathologic grade, the anatomical site of occurrence, the clinical stage of the tumors, and the survival of the dogs. Over 70% (29/40) of the mast cell tumors were diploid. Three metastatic mast cell tumors in lymph nodes had the same ploidy status as their corresponding primary tumors. In five dogs, mast cell tumors from multiple sites in each dog displayed similar ploidy status. Of 26 dogs evaluated for survival times, 69% (1 8/26) had diploid tumors and 3 1 Yo (8126) had aneuploid tumors. When numbers of diploid versus aneuploid tumors were compared, no significant difference was found between any two grades, clinical stages, or anatomic sites. A significant difference (P = 0.02) was found, however, between aneuploid and diploid tumors when comparing Stage I and non-Stage I disease. The Kaplan-Meier survival plot indicated a tendency towards an increased survival within the first year in dogs with diploid versus aneuploid tumors (P = 0.06).
The etymology of “El Chichón”

The eruption of El Chichon in the state of Chiapas, Mexico, in spring 1982 is clearly an important event for the study of volcanic effects on climate. Many reports have already appeared describing properties of the dust cloud [Robock, 1983], and comparisons of observed and calculated atmospheric effects have been undertaken [e.g., Quiroz, 1983]. We have meanwhile noted confusion regarding the meaning of the name of the volcano, and it is the intent of this note to clarify this problem. One meaning given in various dictionaries—easy, presenting no problem, teasing, joke-playing (Central and South America)—seems irrelevant and will not be treated further here.
Student Privacy and Cloud Computing at the District Level: Next Steps and Key Issues

This report offers recommended next steps and prioritizes open issues in the K-12 edtech space, with a special emphasis on two topics: (1) law and policy and (2) norms, values, attitudes, and practices, as well as an overarching eye to opportunities for collaboration. It builds from and reflects upon a conversation co-organized by the the Berkman Center for Internet & Society’s Student Privacy Initiative and the Consortium for School Networking, at which policymakers and educational technology thought leaders came together to emphasize the view “on the ground” as seen from the district level and identify specific resources for potential inclusion in a toolkit for diverse stakeholders considering the adoption and impact of cloud technologies in K-12 educational contexts.The results of this conversation, synthesized in the body of this report, reflect considerable consensus around the main areas in need of attention in the dynamic edtech landscape, as well as how best to approach such work. A number of organizations and educational entities are already independently developing content and adopting processes around cloud technology in K-12 contexts to both support learning innovations and protect student privacy. Likely next steps — via independent efforts and ongoing collaboration among interested stakeholders — center on education, communication, and the creation and dissemination of general guidance documents and other similar resources that could support the development of shared good practices. Empirical data, current school and district policies and practices, legal and policy considerations, and technological developments should inform many of these efforts, and some open issues may require additional research, regulation, and/or coordination across parties to resolve. One particularly central process question moving forward involves the best mode(s) of multi-stakeholder collaboration and communications.
Priming Effects of HIV Risk Assessments on Related Perceptions and Behavior: An Experimental Field Study

HIV-AIDS prevention research requires assessment administration formats that do not enhance response bias or risk sensitization. In the present study, reactivity of self-reported sexual history measures used in HIV prevention research was examined in a sample of 158 African American women. Sexual history assessments were administered in one of three formats: self-administration, administration assisted by overhead projections of measures explaining items while participants completed their own assessment instruments, or face-to-face interviews, with follow-up assessments completed 2 weeks later. Consistent with previous research, test-retest coefficients indicated moderate stability of the sexual behavior measures. We also found that participants who self-administered measures were less likely to return for the 2-week follow-up. Tests for measurement reactivity showed that self-administered questionnaires and face-to-face interviews primed sensitization to personal risk and intentions to change risk behaviors to a greater extent than did the projector-assisted assessments. We conclude that sexual behaviors can be assessed with moderate test-retest stability in inner-city women and some administration procedures may enhance preparedness to change HIV risk behaviors.
A 45-year-old man with cough and a cavitary lung lesion.

45-year-old man with no significant medical history was admitted to hospital with a four-month history of intermittent fever and a predominantly dry cough. Approximately one month before admission, he started developing worsening cough with scant expectoration and pleuritic left-sided chest pain. His symptoms persisted and he presented for admission. On examination, the patient appeared chronically ill and nontoxic. His vital signs were stable except for mild tachycardia, with a heart rate in the low one hundreds. Examination of the mouth revealed him to be partially edentulous with poor orodental hygiene, although there was no evidence of dental abscesses. A chest examination revealed diminished breath sounds to the left infraaxillary area. His laboratory results were significant for mild leukocytosis (white blood cell count 13×10 9 /L) and mild anemia (hemoglobin level 90 g/L). Kidney and liver function tests were within normal limits. A chest radiograph showed a left perihilar infiltrate. An axial computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest showed a patchy infiltrate to the posterior upper lung with a central air cavity measuring 2.9 cm × 0.7 cm and a small left-sided pleural effusion (Figure 1). The patient was placed on moxifloxacin and clindamycin and a procedure was performed. What is your diagnosis? Diagnosis The patient did not improve clinically after 10 days of antibiotic therapy and was taken to the operating room for an open left thoracotomy with decortication and drainage of the empyema. The Gram stain of the pleural fluid culture showed branching, Gram-positive rods (Figure 2) and cultures yielded Actinomyces meyeri. The patient’s antibiotic regimen was switched to intravenous penicillin, three million units every 4 h. He was treated with intravenous penicillin for a twoweek course in the hospital and was discharged home to complete a 12-month course of oral penicillin, 500 mg every 6 h. Discussion
Packaging-Induced Interactions and Degradation

Forced degradation studies are typically used to determine the potential degradation products that may form during formal stability studies that are conducted on drug substances and drug products. Occasionally, impurities are detected in stability studies that were not observed in the forced degradation studies. Such observations can result from poorly designed forced degradation studies (of the drug substance and/or drug product) that failed to generate all of the relevant degradation products. Potential interaction of the drug with packaging or shipping materials may not be effectively captured unless studies are designed to look for these potential interactions. Migration of materials into drug substance or product may result in simple contamination. However, migratory species may also be reactive and form new drug-related impurities. Several examples are shared to highlight drug substance and drug product interactions with packaging components that fit into the above categories.
Multitap RF Canceller for In-Band Full-Duplex Wireless Communications

In-band full-duplex wireless communications are challenging because they require the mitigation of self-interference caused by the co-located transmitter to operate effectively. This paper presents a novel tapped delay line RF canceller architecture with multiple non-uniform pre-weighted taps to improve system isolation by cancelling both the direct antenna coupling as well as multipath effects that comprise a typical interference channel. A four-tap canceller prototype was measured over several different operating conditions, and was found to provide an average of 30 dB signal cancellation over a 30 MHz bandwidth centered at 2.45 GHz in isolated scenarios. When combined with an omni-directional high-isolation antenna, the canceller improved the overall analog isolation to 90 dB for these cases. In an indoor setting, the canceller suppressed a +30 dBm OFDM signal by 22 dB over a 20 MHz bandwidth centered at 2.45 GHz, and produced 78 dB of total analog isolation. This complete evaluation demonstrates not only the performance limitations of an optimized multitap RF canceller, but also establishes the amount of analog interference suppression that can be expected for the different environments considered.
Evaluation of the Catalytic Activity of a High Surface Area, Regular, Porous Solid Formed from the Clusters of Clusters, MII4O[(CO)9Co3CCO2]6, M = Co, Zn

The discrete molecular clusters of clusters, MII4O[(CO)9Co3CCO2]6, M = Co, Zn undergo thermolysis with the production of highly porous solid materials. Evaluation of the catalytic properties of these materials has been investigated using the hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene as a test reaction. These experiments suggest it is the unique structure of the porous materials that is responsible for the high activities and the selectivities observed.
The Mortality of Independent Grocery Stores in Buffalo and Pittsburgh, 1919-1941:

FEW economic changes have been of more interest to marketing men than those centering around the life and death of independent retail stores. As early as I727 Daniel Defoe writing his "Complete English Tradesman" deplored the fact that so many enterprisers entered the retail business without preparation and failed to survive. Since that time numerous economists and students of social problems have pointed out the enormous wastes attendant upon the unrestrained and ruthless competition in the field of small business.1 The prime example of such competition has usually been found in the grocery trade, for here the way of entrance was most easy, and a continuous procession of people, often ill-financed and ill-equipped, engaged in the business, only to find that its overexpanded facilities and low profitability made failure almost inevitable. In I930 the writer published the first intensive study of retail trade mortality, using the data contained in the retail grocery lists published in the city directories of Buffalo from 1919 to i929, as a basis for his statistics.2 The findings were, in a way, sensational. More than half of the establishments which entered this business were lost to the records before a second year rolled around. A third of the
UBC9-Mediated Sumoylation Favorably Impacts Cardiac Function in Compromised Hearts

Rationale:SUMOylation plays an important role in cardiac function and can be protective against cardiac stress. Recent studies show that SUMOylation is an integral part of the ubiquitin proteasome ...
75 HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK INCREASES HEME OXYGENASE-1 PROTEIN EXPRESSION INDEPENDENT OF INFLAMMATION IN SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS

The development of shock can progress into circulatory collapse, which is a catastrophic complication of trauma. Amongst the complex changes arising during the development of shock is the emergence of the “heat shock proteins.” Heat shock protein 32 is also known as the inducible heme oxygenase (HO)-1. This ubiquitous enzyme catalyzes the metabolism of heme to generate carbon monoxide (CO) in an O2-dependent reaction. In fact, this endogenous source of CO has recently been implicated in the promotion of smooth muscle relaxation, endothelial impairment and cardiac contractility failure. Traumatic blood loss can promote the generation of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tissue necrosis factor (TNF)-α; both are potent inducers HO-1. The current study was designed to determine if hemorrhagic loss enhances the formation inflammatory cytokines, which in turn promote an induction of HO-1 to result in pathological elevations in CO formation. For this purpose, male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-325 g) were implanted with chronic indwelling carotid catheters. Following 4 days recovery, cytokine and HO-1 expression were measured 24 hours after exposure to a 9 mL blood loss, and were contrasted to unbled controls. Hemorrhagic shock increased HO-1 protein content (ELISA method) 1.8-fold in abdominal aorta tissues (1.6 ± 0.8 vs 2.8 ± 0.4 ng HO-1/mg protein, p
CRETACEOUS TETRAPOD FOOTPRINT BIOSTRATIGRAPHY,BIOCHRONOLOGY,AND ICHNOFACIES

The global record of Cretaceous tetrapod footprints is dominated by the tracks of non-avian dinosaurs and birds;fewer tracks are known of pterosaurs,crocodylians,turtles,mammals,and other tetrapods.The Cretaceous track record is best known from East Asia(especially China and Korea) and western North America.A moderately extensive record is also known from South America(primarily Argentina and Brazil),but Cretaceous track assemblages from Europe,Africa,and Australia are much more poorly known.Here,we re-examine two global footprint biochrons based on the Cretaceous tetrapod footprint record.An Early Cretaceous biochron is characterized by sauropod and ornithopod tracks.A Late Cretaceous biochron has fewer sauropod tracks but adds the tracks of hadrosaurs,tyrannosaurids,andceratopsians.Furthermore,the Cretaceous footprint record documents many important biostratigraphic data points,such as the mid-Cretaceous extirpation of sauropod dinosaurs in North America and the terminal Cretaceous extinction of dinosaurs.A growing Cretaceous footprint record from eastern Asia also provides the first glimpse of a more refined,provincial Cretaceous footprint biochronology,in which three or four Cretaceous footprint biochrons based on the stratigraphic distributions of endemic theropod dinosaur(including bird) ichnogenera may be recognizable.The abundance and endemism of this east Asian Cretaceous avian ichnofauna may indicate that a unique and prolific avian fauna existed in eastern Asia during the Cretaceous,a footprint-based hypothesis that merits further testing.
General Equilibrium Theoretical Model of Urbanization and Its Empirical Tests under Constraint of Resources and Environment

According to China's typical dual-economic structure characteristics,resources and environment elements are taken into the production function on the basis of the general equilibrium model of urban economy which was developed by Black and Henderson(1999) ,and the general equilibrium urbanization model and the optimal path model of equilibrium in theory are derived for the first time.The empirical research on time-series data of Jiangxi province from 1989-2008 indicates that the general equilibrium level of urbanization in Jiangxi is 79.23 percent.Based on the analysis of the empirical results,suggestions on urbanization construction in Jiangxi are put forward.
Impact of religious attendance on psychosocial outcomes for individuals with traumatic brain injury: A NIDILRR funded TBI Model Systems study

AbstractObjectives: To (1) identify demographic characteristics of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who attend religious services, (2) understand the relationship between attending religious services and psychosocial outcomes and (3) examine the independent contribution of religious service attendance to psychosocial outcomes while controlling for demographic characteristics, functional status and geographic location at 1, 5 and 10-years post injury.Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional cohort study using secondary data analysis of the TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) National Database (NDB).Participants: TBIMS NDB participants who completed 1, 5 or 10-year follow-up interview with data on religious attendance. A total of 5573 interviews were analysed.Outcome measures: Satisfaction with Life scale (SWLS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools-Objective Social sub-scale.Results: Approximately half of the sample w...
An extension of the Riesz-Thorin theorem

A version of the Riesz-Thorin theorem is given which enables us to interpolate conditions on a matrix A and on its transpose A′. The following result is typical: if both A and A′ map l2 into l2/3, then A maps l∞ into l1.
The effect of pressure on streamer inception and propagation in liquid hydrocarbons

Since earlier work (1–4) had shown that polarity effects were important, the present study was designed to measure pressure effects under non-uniform field conditions using each polarity. Part of the study was conducted at high magnification to observe the streamer inception voltage under elevated pressures.
Reconciling Compensatory and Noncompensatory Strategies of Cue Weighting: A Causal Model Approach

When forming a judgment about any unknown item, people must draw inferences from information that is already known. This paper examines causal relationships between cues as a relevant factor influencing how people determine the amount of weight to place on each piece of available evidence. We propose that people draw from their beliefs about specific causal relationships between cues when determining how much weight to place on those cues, and that understanding this process can help reconcile differences between predictions of compensatory and lexicographic heuristic strategies. As causal relationships change, different cues become more or less important. Across three experiments, we find support for the use of causal models in determining cue weights, but leave open the possibility that they work in concert with other strategies as well. We conclude by discussing relative strengths and weaknesses of the causal model approach relative to existing models, and suggest areas for future research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trimodality therapy for resectable gastric cancer: analysis of the benefit in radiation

Background: Gastric cancer is a common cause of cancer mortality worldwide, and due to its often advanced stage at the time of diagnosis, surgery alone is often inadequate treatment. Both chemotherapy (CH) and chemoradiation therapy (CHR) are used in the adjuvant setting and are both supported by randomized clinical trials. In this report, we compare the overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and treatment toxicities of multimodal therapy with and without radiation. Patients and methods: Data from 193 patients diagnosed with stage IB-III gastric cancer treated with surgery (S group), surgery plus chemotherapy (S+CH group), or surgery plus chemoradiation (S+CHR group) were retrospectively analyzed. OS, DFS, and toxicities were compared in the various treatment modalities. Results: The S+CH (N= 69) and S+CHR group (N= 92) both had significant reduction in hazard ratio (HR) of death (HR, 0.24; P Conclusions: Multimodal therapy was associated with improved OS in our report when compared with surgery alone. Although patients who received CHR along with surgery did not have a significant difference in OS or DFS when compared with those receiving only chemotherapy with surgery, there was a difference in DFS in those patients who were clinically lymph node positive.
Sensor-based motion planning for autonomous vehicle teams

This paper employs a computational optimal control framework to develop a mission planning tool for a team of heterogeneous unmanned vehicles conducting a nominal mine countermeasures (MCM) mission. We first describe our motivation for developing vehicle-specific sensor models for unmanned surface and underwater vehicles working collaboratively to detect mines. Next, we describe the sonar detection models used to evaluate the performance of a long-range, forward-looking detection sonar and a high-resolution sidescan sonar deployed from these unmanned vehicles. Results from multiple computer simulations which highlight the flexibility and utility of this solution framework are presented.
Bridging the human gap: systems engineering

This paper focuses on one of the most important and common topics concerning people and technology; that the concern in the information field is people not technology. Three postulates underlie this paper: The full and effective use of computers and other information technologies (ITS); The full and effective use of people. People can be effective without technology but that the use of technology can never be full and effective without people; IT plays the servant's role. Implied in this paper is that management does not know how to implement new technologies properly. There is a general trend to bridge technical systems and human systems, with most of the effort coming from the technical side. Figure 1 illustrates the point. There are books on the human sciences (category 1); and on the technical sciences (category 4), neither of which are concerned with business management. There are also books on the use of technical systems within business management (category 3). These often provide material on how to support employee use of technology. This paper provides a new thrust in the development and expansion of category 2, which concerns the way human systems react to the introduction of technical systems.
T1 MAPPING ASSESSES DIAGNOSIS, SEVERITY AND PROGNOSIS IN ACUTE MYOCARDITIS

Background: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has excellent diagnostic accuracy in patients with suspected acute myocarditis. The role of T1 mapping in myocarditis assessment is evolving Methods: We included consecutive patients with clinical suspicion of acute myocarditis referred to CMR between
Keeping up and forging ahead: English language outcomes of proficient bilingual adolescents in the United States

Abstract Research on the English language outcomes of bilingual adolescents is limited, particularly for the subgroup of proficient bilingual adolescents who are not classified as limited English proficient. The current study addresses this gap by investigating the correlates of English language outcomes in a group of proficient bilingual adolescents in grades 5–7 (n = 37), a pivotal stage of development due to the entry to adolescence and school transition. To examine the similarities and differences in English language development between monolingual and bilingual adolescents, the study also compares bilingual adolescents with a group of monolingual native English speakers (n = 23) who are comparable in age, socio-economic status and content instruction. All participants completed a background survey and five English language tests. The results showed that bilingual adolescents performed comparably to their monolingual peers in all English proficiency tasks. Their self-ratings of reading and writing ability were significantly higher than those of their monolingual peers. Among bilingual adolescents, those who reported more frequent reading and use of English scored higher in grammar and speech production tasks. They were also more confident in their English speaking and reading skills.
Imaging and Manipulating Energy Transfer Among Quantum Dots at Individual Dot Resolution

Many processes of interest in quantum dots involve charge or energy transfer from one dot to another. Energy transfer in films of quantum dots as well as between linked quantum dots has been demonstrated by luminescence shift, and the ultrafast time-dependence of energy transfer processes has been resolved. Bandgap variation among dots (energy disorder) and dot separation are known to play an important role in how energy diffuses. Thus, it would be very useful if energy transfer could be visualized directly on a dot-by-dot basis among small clusters or within films of quantum dots. To that effect, we report single molecule optical absorption detected by scanning tunneling microscopy (SMA-STM) to image energy pooling from donor into acceptor dots on a dot-by-dot basis. We show that we can manipulate groups of quantum dots by pruning away the dominant acceptor dot, and switching the energy transfer path to a different acceptor dot. Our experimental data agrees well with a simple Monte Carlo lattice model of...
Gulo gulo (Wolverine)

Skin biopsies of two male and two female animals from the Yukon Territory were made available through the kindness of the staff of the University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA, and a dealer in Vermont, USA. Other than the sex chromosomes, karyotypes of all specimens agree with one another and agree with the findings of Fredga. The two marker chromosomes with secondary constrictions in the long arms are placed last of the autosomes.
Scattered light characterization of FORTIS

We describe our efforts to build a Wide-Field Lyman alpha Geocoronal simulator (WFLaGs) for characterizing the end-to-end sensitivity of FORTIS (Far-UV Off Rowland-circle Telescope for Imaging and Spectroscopy) to scattered Lyman α emission from outside of the nominal (1/2 degree)2 field-of-view. WFLaGs is a 50 mm diameter F/1 aluminum parabolic collimator fed by a hollow cathode discharge lamp with a 80 mm clear MgF2 window housed in a vacuum skin. It creates emission over a 10 degree FOV. WFLaGS will allow us to validate and refine a recently developed scattered light model and verify our scatter light mitigation strategies, which will incorporate low scatter baffle materials, and possibly 3-d printed light traps, covering exposed scatter centers. We present measurements of scattering intensity of Lyman alpha as a function of angle with respect to the specular reflectance direction for several candidate baffle materials. Initial testing of WFLaGs will be described.
Cardiac image segmentation using generalized polynomial chaos expansion and level set function

Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) images involves a great amount of uncertainties. Such uncertainties may originate from either intrinsic measurement limitations or heterogeneities among patients. Without properly considering these uncertainties, image analysis may provide inaccurate estimations of cardiac functions, and ultimately lead to false diagnosis and inappropriate treatment strategy. In this work, a stochastic image segmentation algorithm is developed to separate cardiac chambers from the background of CMR images. To account for noise and uncertainties in pixel values, a generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) expansion is integrated with a level set function to dynamically evolve boundaries of cardiac chambers. Two consecutive steps are developed: a deterministic segmentation to identify an immediate neighborhood of boundary, of which pixel values are used to calibrate the gPC model; and a stochastic segmentation applied to the neighborhood region to evolve boundaries of cardiac chambers in a stochastic manner. The proposed method can provide a probabilistic description of the segmented heart boundary, which will greatly improve the reliability of image analysis, and potentially enhanced cardiac function evaluation.
Developing a New Measure of Media Reputation

This study developed a new composite measure of media reputation combining media favorability, media visibility, and recency. It showed that this new measure had superiority over the measure of media favorability in predicting corporate reputation, and local newspapers were a better news source to measure media reputation than elite newspapers. This study was based on the content analysis of 2817 news articles from two elite newspapers and many local newspapers in the United States.
Regulation of Mutator Activities in Maize

We discuss the properties of the Mutator (Mu) transposable element family of maize. We report the cloning of bz2-mu1, a mutable allele containing a 1.4-kb Mu element, using a combination of transposon tagging and tests for differential hybridization to northern and Southern blots. We report the sequence of this allele and the Mu element insertion, and propose a model for the structure of the Bz2 locus. We discuss the relationship between increased DNA modification of Mu elements and loss of somatic instability at bz2-mu1. To further explore this aspect of regulation of Mutator, we have used gene-specific probes to determine the level of modification at this locus in active and inactive Mutator lines. We have also utilized CsCl density gradients to estimate the overall level of DNA modification in active and inactive lines; we find that Mu elements in active lines are hypomethylated relative to other maize nuclear DNAs examined, and that in inactive lines the level of modification in Mu elements is similar to the genome as a whole. Utilizing γ-irradiation, we have demonstrated that inactive lines can be reactivated; this reactivation is first noted as restitution of the spotted kernel phenotype characteristic of bz2-mu1 in active Mutator lines. Hybridization analysis of DNA from reactivated plants demonstrates that the Mu elements in general, and specifically the Mu element at bz2-mu1, have the lower level of DNA modification characteristic of active lines. These results are discussed in terms of the role and timing of DNA modification in regulating Mutator activities.
Institutional betrayal: who is most vulnerable?

Institutional betrayal occurs when, following sexual victimization, institutions create hostile environments which normalize sexual violence, make it difficult for survivors to report the experience, mishandle the complaint, attempt to cover up the experience, or retaliate against survivors. These responses are not uncommon and have been linked to adverseoutcomes such as dissociation, anxiety, sexual dysfunction, poorer physical health, and depression, yet little is known about which survivors are most at risk for experiencing institutional betrayal. Using a sample of 404 sexual assault survivors recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk, the current study employed logistic regression to identify risk factors for institutional betrayal. The findings indicate that institutional betrayal is more likely to be reported by survivors who identify as heterosexual, were older at the time of the assault, and endorse more severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms yet, unexpectedly, less severe distress sever...
Ripping Back the Veil: Examining How Trans Visibility Shapes Understandings of Gender and Instruction.

AbstractBased on interviews, focus groups, and observations for the duration of a 6-week high school summer enrichment program, this article considers the ways that having a visible trans faculty m...
Effect of Adductor Canal Block on Acute Perioperative Pain and Function in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Multimodal pain management strategies are commonplace in perioperative management of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), although controversy remains regarding the role of adductor canal blocks (ACB) in this algorithm. The purpose of this study is to independently evaluate the effect of ACB on short-term postoperative outcomes including (1) length of stay (LOS), (2) postoperative narcotic utilization, and (3) function with physical therapy in the era of modern TKA. Methods We retrospectively identified a cohort of consecutive patients from January 2014 to January 2018 who had undergone unilateral primary TKA using a single-shot ACB in addition to a standardized multimodal pain regimen vs those who only received a multimodal pain regimen. These 2 groups were compared using independent sample t-tests with primary end points of interest being LOS, distance ambulated with therapy, and inpatient narcotic use. Results There were 624 patients in the ACB group, with a mean age of 64.5 years. The group without ACB consisted of 69 patients, with a mean age of 67.2 years. We observed no significant difference in narcotic utilization postoperatively (2.361 vs 2.097, P = .088). The ACB group ambulated significantly further with therapy (75.8 vs 59.9 ft, P = .008) and had a shorter LOS in both total hours and percentage of postoperative day 1 (%POD1) discharges (34.8 vs 40.6 hours, P = .01, 83% vs 66.6%, P = .01). Conclusion ACB did not decrease postoperative pain medication utilization. The modest improvement in distance ambulated with therapy on POD1 (16 ft) and LOS (16% greater POD1 discharges) may not support the cost-effectiveness of this intervention. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Cohort.