cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of interfacial rheology in reservoir mixed wettability

Abstract Since the early 1950s, industrial researchers have recognized that asphaltenic crude oil/water interfaces form so-called “rigid skins”. This work emphasizes the role that such oil/water interfacial microstructures play in establishing the mixed-wet state of reservoirs. We utilize a new oscillating-drop dynamic tensiometer that sinusoidally and infinitesimally expands and contracts a crude-oil droplet immersed in brine at a fixed frequency and measures the resulting dynamic interfacial stress from image analysis and axisymmetric drop-shape analysis. Linear viscoelastic theory permits evaluation of the dilatational interfacial elastic storage and viscous loss moduli. We find that for two crude oils, designated as Crude AS and Crude AH, immersed in synthetic sea water, the interface behaves primarily elastically and that the more asphaltenic the oil the stronger is the interfacial elasticity. Moreover, interfacial elasticity grows slowly in time over days and is clearly manifest even when “rigid skins” are not visible to the eye. Apparently, macroscopic, networked asphaltenic structures slowly evolve in time at the interface. Advancing and receding contact angles are also measured on smooth mica surfaces for the same crude oil/brine systems. We find that water advancing and receding contact angles when measured within hours are about equal (i.e., there is little hysteresis). However, aging of the drop over days dramatically alters the subsequent advancing and receding contact angles. Water receding angles grow somewhat in time, but the corresponding advancing angles increase over days towards 180° or towards complete pinning. Interestingly, the advancing contact angles for both crude oils do not depend on whether the drop is aged in the brine or in contact with the mica surface. Also, the measured, receding contact angles for both crude oils are much higher than those commonly assumed in the literature. Fascinatingly, aging kinetics of the contact angles correlates directly with the aging of interfacial elasticities and interfacial tensions. Based on in situ AFM studies of the asphaltene-coated mica surfaces, we explain why this happens. Upon rupture of the protective water film and adhesion of the oil droplet to the mica substrate, the surface underneath the oil droplet is pockmarked with water-wet patches in a Dalmatian microwetting pattern. To our knowledge the crucial role of oil/water interface aging in controlling wettability changes has not previously been recognized. Finally, by sketching various primary drainage and imbibition pore-level events, we emphasize the importance of the observed changes in contact angles towards the evolution of mixed-wet oil reservoirs.
Associating tornado occurrence with environmental parameters

Tornado prediction on monthly scales could be improved if tornadoes could be associated with predictable environmental parameters. Tippett et al. sought to identify atmospheric parameters associated with monthly tornado activity to create an index that could provide a basis for extended-range forecasts of monthly tornado activity. They analyzed U.S. tornado data from 1979 through 2010 and atmospheric parameters including convective precipitation and other factors. They were able to create an index that captures the spatial distribution, seasonal variation, and year-to-year variability of tornado occurrence. (Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2011GL050368, 2012)
Turnover and age distribution of a collagen fraction extractable from rat skin by mercaptoethylamine.

Abstract Thiol compounds such as 0.2 M cysteamine at neutral pH and at 4 ° are able to solubilize significant amounts of dermal insoluble collagen. In young rats (2 months old or younger) 90% of the insoluble collagen can be extracted by 0.2 M cysteamine. In older animals the proportion of insoluble residue increases. Two successive extractions of insoluble collagen with 0.2 M cysteamine yielded 33% β and 50% β components, respectively, an indication that the material which is more resistant to solubilization may be more crosslinked. This increased crosslinking seems to be related to the biological age of the material, a conclusion substantiated by the slower turnover rate of the less readily soluble fraction. The native collagen solubilized by cysteamine shows the same sedimentation properties and electrophoretic mobility as salt soluble collagen, but yields different proportions of α and β components Following thermal denaturation.
Automated Scheduling Decision Support for Supervisory Control of Multiple UAVs

Inthefuturevisionofallowingasingleoperatortocontrolmultipleunmannedvehicles(on land, in the air, or under water), it is not well understood how multiple vehicle control will affect operator workload, and what automated decision support strategies will improve, or possible degrade, operator performance. To this end, this paper presents the results of an experiment in which operators simultaneously managed four highly autonomous independent homogenous UAVs in a simulation, with the overall goal of destroying a predetermined set of targets within a limited time period.The primary factors under investigation were increasing levels of automation from manual to management-by-exception, manifested through a timeline visualization. Increasing levels of automation can reduce workload but they can also result in situation awareness degradation as well as complacency. This human-in-the-loop experiment revealed that when provided with a high workload preview visualization as well as automated recommendations for workload mitigation, operators becamefixatedontheneedtogloballyoptimizetheirschedules,anddidnotadequatelyweigh uncertainty in their decisions.These behaviors significantly degraded operator performance to the point that operators without any decision support performed better than those with probabilistic prediction information and the ability to negotiate potential outcomes.
Randomized Iterative Hard Thresholding for Sparse Approximations

Typical greedy algorithms for sparse reconstruction problems, such as orthogonal matching pursuit and iterative thresholding, seek strictly sparse solutions. Recent work in the literature suggests that given a priori knowledge of the distribution of the sparse signal coefficients, better results can be obtained by a weighted averaging of several sparse solutions. Such a combination of solutions, while not strictly sparse, approximates an MMSE estimator and can outperform strictly sparse solvers in terms of l-2 reconstruction error. We introduce a novel method for obtaining such an approximate MMSE estimator by replacing the deterministic thresholding operator of Iterative Hard Thresholding with a randomized version. We demonstrate the improvement in performance experimentally for both synthetic 1D signals and real images.
Teaching Bioethics in the New Millennium: Holding Theories Accountable to Actual Practices and Real People

Teaching bioethics in the new millennium requires its practitioners to confront a wide area of methodological alternatives. This essay chronicles the author's journey from the principlism of Beauchamp and Childress, through narrative and postmodern bioethics, to a complex feminist critique of postmodern bioethics that emphasizes functional human capabilities and the creation of structures that can facilitate free discussion of those capabilities and how best to realize them. Teaching bioethics concerns not only the acknowledgement of differences but also reminding ourselves of our samenesses. Sustained Habermasian democratic conversations might help us to escape the narrow confines of a postmodern bioethics of moral strangers for a richer world of moral friends.
Reply to comment on: A novel dysferlin mutant pseudoexon bypassed with antisense oligonucleotides

We were delighted to read the comments from our colleague, Dr. Martin Krahn and his team,1 noting that they, too, detect the deep intronic dysferlin mutation that we described.2 We fully agree that this will likely be an infrequent mutation, even in the population of dysferlinopathy cases with only one known exonic dysferlin mutation, though it might be recurrent in specific populations. We anticipate that there will be other mutations deep within introns and other regulatory regions that will be identified through expanded strategies to screen for mutations such as the RNA analyses described in our paper, which could be applied to screens for other diseases as well.
Resolving sentence ambiguity with planning and working memory resources: Evidence from fMRI

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test competing claims about the role of executive resources during the disambiguation of a sentence featuring a temporary structural ambiguity. Written sentences with a direct object (DO) structure or a sentential complement (SC) structure were shown to 19 healthy, right-handed, young adults in a phrase-by-phrase manner. These sentences contained a main verb that is statistically more likely to be associated with a DO structure or an SC structure. Half of each type of sentence also contained an extra phrase strategically located to stress working memory prior to disambiguating the sentence. We found that sentences featuring a less consistent verb-structure mapping recruit greater dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) activation than sentences with a more consistent verb-structure mapping, implicating strategic on-line planning during resolution of a temporary structural ambiguity. By comparison, we observed left inferior parietal cortex (IPC) activation in sentences with an increased working memory demand compared to sentences with a low working memory load. These findings are consistent with a large-scale neural network for sentence processing that recruits distinct planning and working memory processing resources as needed to support the comprehension of sentences.
Bioaccessibility of Arsenic Bound to Corundum Using a Simulated Gastrointestinal System

Environmental Context. Ingestion of soil contaminated with arsenic is an important pathway for human exposure to arsenic. The risk posed by ingestion of arsenic-contaminated soil depends on how much arsenic is dissolved in the gastrointestinal tract. Aluminum oxides are common components in the soil and act as a sink for arsenic. Knowledge of the behavior of arsenic associated with aluminum oxide surfaces in a simulated gastrointestinal tract will provide an understanding of the ingestion risk of arsenic-contaminated soil to humans. Abstract. Arsenate adsorbed to oxide surfaces may influence the risk posed by incidental ingestion of arsenic- contaminated soil. Arsenate sorbed to corundum (α-Al2O3), a model Al oxide, was used to simulate ingested soil that has As V sorbed to Al oxides. An in vitro assay was used to simulate the gastrointestinal tract and ascertain the bioaccessibility of arsenate bound to corundum. The surface speciation of arsenate was determined using extended X-ray absorption fine structure and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. The arsenate sorption maximum was found to be 470 mg kg −1 and the surface speciation of the sorbed arsenate was inner-sphere binuclear bidenate. The As V was found to only be bioaccessible during the gastric phase of the in vitro assay. When the sorbed As V was <470 mg kg −1 (i.e., the sorption maxima) the bioaccessible As was below detection levels, but when sorbed As V was ≥470 mg kg −1 the bioaccessible As ranged from 9 to 16%. These results demonstrate that the bioaccessibility of arsenate is related to the concentration and the arsenate binding capacity of the binding soil.
Social Dancing and Rugged Masculinity—The Figure of the Eintänzer in Hans Janowitz's novel Jazz (1927)

In her memoir of Berlin's Adlon hotel, one of the most exclusive in Weimar Germany, Hedda Adlon, wife of the last owner, states that after the end of World War I, returning officers, who were usually members of the aristocracy, were forced by adverse economic circumstances to become Eintanzer (180)— paid dance partners/instructors. Adlon's account indicates that Eintanzer are good-looking, educated, and well-mannered men, whose role she views in a positive light: their excellent dance skills lessen the predicament of men who cannot dance and whose female companions thus no longer have to be wall- flowers (181). A similarly upbeat assessment of the Eintanzer's dancing abil- ities was popularized by Trude Hesterberg's song Lieber kleiner Eintanzer, while Schoner Gigolo, a melody with cult status both in Weimar Germany and abroad, shared Adlon's romanticizing view about the Eintanzer's origin. 1 During the Weimar years the noun Eintanzer was used far more often than the international form gigolo. Both nouns referred to a paid male dance partner/instructor and both were ambivalent about the precise responsibilities such an employment entailed. To preserve the ambiguity of the term Eintan- zer and because today the word gigolo has a strong sexual connotation I use the noun Eintanzer, which I translate as dancer for hire. As this essay will reveal, Adlon's optimistic and romanticizing view stands in contrast to other sources of the time which present a less glossy and more complicated understanding of the Eintanzer and his role in society. These sources span literature, journalism, and science, and they testify to the remarkable interest the figure of the Eintanzer stirred in Weimar Germany. This article pays particular attention to the representation of the Eintanzer in Hans Janowitz's novel Jazz (1927) while it also draws comparisons and es- tablishes contrasts to the depiction of the dancer for hire in Billie Wilder's self-testimonial journalistic series Herr Ober, bitte einen Tanzer! Aus dem Leben eines Eintanzers (1927), and in Magnus Hirschfeld's scientific work Sittengeschichte der Nachkriegszeit (1931). 2 By investigating the figure of the
Tourism as Everyday Life: an Inquiry into The Villages, Florida

ABSTRACT While tourist spaces are most traditionally associated with decidedly transitory and commercial enterprises like amusement parks or resort districts, the logic of tourism is permeating into other arenas of socio-spatial design. One of the more intriguing aspects of this trend is evident in the development of themed planned communities. Unlike the theme park where visitors are implicitly asked to ‘exit reality’ to take part in a collective fantasy, the themed planned community is a heterotopia with a much more pronounced ‘permanent’ quality. In a housing market driven by private capital, theming strategies associated with tourism are being increasingly utilized by developers for distinguishing their properties. The paper is grounded by a discussion of a particular themed planned community: The Villages, Florida. The Villages is a ‘mature adult’ community of over 30,000 inhabitants located in Central Florida, USA. Based upon fieldwork in the community, the themed tourist landscape and the tensions ...
Shunt effect in polycrystalline GaAs solar cells

Thin-film polycrystalline GaAs solar cells have the potential for reduced cost while retaining high efficiency. However, solar cells made from polycrystalline GaAs have historically had poor open-circuit voltages. Models that account for these low voltages suggest that in order to make solar cells with high voltages it is necessary to use material with very large grains. As an alternative cause for the low voltages, the presence of Schottky barriers due to inverted grain boundaries is proposed. If this is the case, the requirements on grain size will be reduced. The existence of grain boundary inversion in polycrystalline solar cells is demonstrated, and it is shown that contacting grain boundaries leads to lower voltages. >
RURAL SOCIETY AND CROWD ACTION IN BOLOGNA, c. 1796–c. 1831

Although the field of peasant and rural studies has done much to redeem the reputation of peasants in general, historians generally continue to consider the Italian rural population in the early nineteenth century largely extraneous to the story of national unification. However, police reports, court records, and chroniclers from Bologna provide descriptions of collective action that suggest a complex pattern of interaction with both local authorities and the shifting political context. While it remains true that with few exceptions rural communities had little to do with the Risorgimento directly, already during the Revolutionary and Restoration eras they engaged in collective action that reflected independent initiative in engaging with various types of authority rather than political ignorance or blind adherence to religion.
Analysis of RSA over Gaussian Integers Algorithm

In this paper we analyze the extended RSA algorithm into the field of Gaussian integers. We examine in depth the perceived advantages of this extension, such as security and efficiency. We found that the extended RSA is slightly less efficient and could be more secure only if RSA is not as strong as factoring (even in this case it is not guaranteed to add security).
Regulation of Genetically Engineered Animals

The advent of genetic engineering (GE) techniques to produce transgenic animals in the early 1980s held the promise of being able to make precise changes to the genome of an animal to improve production traits and health in a faster and more specific fashion than possible with traditional breeding and selection. However, almost 30 years later, there are still no GE animal derived food products approved for use world-wide. The first, and to date only, product from a GE animal to be approved for use was human antithrobmin (A-Tryn®) produced in the milk of transgenic dairy goats as a human pharmaceutical. This is in stark contrast to the applications of GE plants, which are numerous and were approved very early in their development compared to GE animals. Why is this so? This chapter will give some perspective on the regulatory process for GE animals with respect to research and development of biotechnology-derived products and address issues that have been holding back the implementation of GE livestock. Topics will include methods for producing GE livestock, agricultural and medical applications of GE animals, regulatory guidelines in the US and factors influencing the development and implementation of GE animals.
Listening for Identity Beyond the Speech Event

Listening for Identity Beyond the Speech Event Stanton Wortham University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education 3700 Walnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-6216 (215) 898-6307 stantonw@gse.upenn.edu http://www.gse.upenn.edu/~stantonw Stanton Wortham is the Judy and Howard Berkowitz Professor and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at the University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education. His research applies techniques from linguistic anthropology to study interactional positioning and social identity development in classrooms. He is particularly interested in interrelations between the official curriculum and covert interactional patterns in classroom discourse. He has also studied interactional positioning in media discourse and autobiographical narrative. Publications include:
Lower bounds on the rate of learning in social networks

We study the rate of convergence of Bayesian learning in social networks. Each individual receives a signal about the underlying state of the world, observes a subset of past actions and chooses one of two possible actions. Our previous work [1] established that when signals generate unbounded likelihood ratios, there will be asymptotic learning under mild conditions on the social network topology-in the sense that beliefs and decisions converge (in probability) to the correct beliefs and action. The question of the speed of learning has not been investigated, however. In this paper, we provide estimates of the speed of learning (the rate at which the probability of the incorrect action converges to zero). We focus on a special class of topologies in which individuals observe either a random action from the past or the most recent action. We show that convergence to the correct action is faster than a polynomial rate when individuals observe the most recent action and is at a logarithmic rate when they sample a random action from the past. This suggests that communication in social networks that lead to repeated sampling of the same individuals lead to slower aggregation of information.
Future of group-III nitride semiconductor green laser diodes [Invited]

Some research groups have realized green laser diodes (LDs) using InGaN-based nitride semiconductors. However, the performances of their devices, in particular wall-plug efficiency, were still one digit lower than those of established red and blue semiconductor LDs. To achieve high-performance green LDs and apply them to LD displays or micro-projectors, the field should focus on improving the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of green spontaneous emission from InGaN quantum wells (QWs). Green InGaN QWs have completely different features than blue InGaN QWs in terms of growth and concomitant material quality. The exploration of 100% IQE-quality InGaN materials for green emission continues.
Women, Providers, and Control

Childbirth in America is dominated by a management perspective that emphasizes the efficient removal of a fetus from a woman's body. This article discusses the obvious and not so obvious ways that routine American management of childbirth systematically strips women of power and control. It is argued that, although providers may be well-meaning and nurturing in their care of childbearing women, their approach is most often nurturing to weakness, rather than strength.
Rethinking environmental contributions to child and adolescent psychopathology: a meta-analysis of shared environmental influences.

Behavioral genetic research has concluded that the more important environmental influences result in differences between siblings (referred to as nonshared; e 2 ), whereas environmental influences that create similarities between siblings (referred to as shared; c 2 ) are indistinguishable from zero. However, there is mounting evidence that during childhood and adolescence, c 2 may make important contributions to most forms of psychopathology. The aim of the meta-analysis was to empirically confirm this hypothesis. The author examined twin and adoption studies (n 490) of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology prior to adulthood. Analyses revealed that c 2 accounted for 10%–19% of the variance within conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, anxiety, depression, and broad internalizing and externalizing disorders, regardless of their operationalization. When age, informant, and sex effects were considered, c 2 generally ranged from 10%–30% of the variance. Importantly, c 2 estimates did not vary across twin and adoption studies, suggesting that these estimates reflect actual environmental influences common to siblings. The only exception was attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, which appeared to be largely genetic (and particularly nonadditive genetic) in origin. Conceptual, methodological, and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Retention of Sulfate in Savannah River Site High‐Level Radioactive Waste Glass

High-level radioactive wastes are being vitrified at the Savannah River Site for disposal. Many of the wastes contain sulfate at concentrations that can be difficult to retain in borosilicate glass. This study involves efforts to optimize the composition of a glass frit for combination with the waste to improve sulfate retention while meeting other process and product performance constraints. The fabrication and characterization of several series of simulated waste glasses are described. The experiments are detailed chronologically, to provide insight into part of the engineering studies used in developing frit compositions for an operating high-level waste vitrification facility. The results lead to the recommendation of a specific frit composition and a concentration limit for sulfate in the glass for the next batch of sludge to be processed at Savannah River.
Reconstruction of Emission Tomography Data Using Origin Ensembles

A new statistical reconstruction method based on origin ensembles (OE) for emission tomography (ET) is examined. Using a probability density function (pdf) derived from first principles, an ensemble expectation of numbers of detected event origins per voxel is determined. These numbers divided by sensitivities of voxels and acquisition time provide OE estimates of the voxel activities. The OE expectations are shown to be the same as expectations calculated using the complete-data space. The properties of the OE estimate are examined. It is shown that OE estimate approximates maximum likelihood (ML) estimate for conditions usually achieved in practical applications in emission tomography. Three numerical experiments with increasing complexity are used to validate theoretical findings and demonstrate similarities of ML and OE estimates. Recommendations for achieving improved accuracy and speed of OE reconstructions are provided.
Extensible communication architecture for grid nodes

Nodes in the grid can be connected through a multigigabit network. However, the network interfaces in the nodes can become a bottleneck for the maximum achievable bandwidth among nodes. We propose an extensible communication architecture to avoid the limitations of the network interfaces by integrating multiple network interfaces in each node. The proposed solution deploys a technique to balance the network traffic load among multiple network interfaces in a single node. While this technique enhances communication bandwidth among the nodes, it is distributed and does not require any coordination or reservation mechanisms. It achieves the maximum possible bandwidth between any pair of grid nodes with multiple network interfaces. The experimental evaluation provided good results and demonstrated the benefits of the proposed architecture.
Mark-and-sweep: getting the "inside" scoop on neighborhood networks

Residential Internet connectivity is growing at a phenomenal rate. A number of recent studies have attempted to characterize this connectivity - measuring coverage and performance of last-mile broadband links - from a various vantage points on the Internet, via wireless APs, and even with user cooperation. These studies, however, sacrifice accuracy or require substantial human time. In this work, we present a novel two-pass method to characterize neighborhood networks. We demonstrate that the two pass method dramatically reduces the time spent in active measurement while retaining accuracy. A case study on two neighborhoods in Pittsburgh provide new and accurate insights into broadband connectivity, including throughput, broadband coverage (DSL vs. cable vs. fiber), NAT configurations, DHCP, DNS usage. The results further characterize 802.11 connectivity in the neighborhood.
Robust design of high fan-in/out subthreshold circuits

Operating CMOS circuits with power supplies below the threshold voltage has been suggested for ultra-low power systems. High fan-in or fan-out circuits, such as those in memories, are prone to failure when operating in this regime. Vanishing noise margins due to reduced transistor on-to-off current ratios result in circuit failure as the supply voltage shrinks. Therefore, design guidelines for robust subthreshold logic circuit are developed in this paper. First, an analytical model is derived to determine a circuit's fan-in/out limitations and the minimum supply voltage for robust subthreshold operation. Excellent agreement between the analytical model and circuit simulations is shown. This model is applied to the analysis of circuit robustness as affected by design choices, both systematic and random processing variations, supply voltage fluctuations, and temperature variations.
The Evolution of Time-Periodic Long Waves of Finite Amplitude,

Abstract : The purpose of this paper is to present detailed results calculated for two cases where secondary crests are a dominant feature: one for a horizontal bottom and one for a bottom sloping to a shallow shelf. Calculated results for the second case are compared with some records obtained from a large scale experiment.
Inhibition by isoproterenol of ovalbumin-induced contraction of tracheal strips and release of histamine from lung isolated from the actively sensitized guinea-pig

Abstract Tracheal strips and lung parenchyma were obtained from guinea pigs actively sensitized with egg albumin (ovalbumin). Dose-response curves to ovalbumin for producing tracheal contraction and histamine release from chopped lung were shifted to the right and the maximum response reduced by isoprotenol. Small concentrations of isoproterenol exerted a selective inhibitory effect on ovalbumin-induced tracheal contractions and 100-fold larger concentrations were required to inhibit ovalbumin-induced histamine release. Practocol, a cardioselective beta adrenergic receptor antagonist, bloked the inhibitory effect of isoproterenol on histamine release at a concentration which did not alter the effect of isoproterenol on antigen-induced tracheal contraction. The dose-response curve for ovalbumin in producing tracheal contraction was approx. 2 log units to the left of that in producing histamine release. This difference cannot be explained by the presence of a receptor reserve for histamine. These results suggest that the beta adrenergic receptors mediating inhibition of antigen-induced histamine release and tracheal contraction have some different pharmacological properties. Also, histamine does not appear to be the principal mediator of the anaphylactic tracheal contraction.
The Kodaira dimension of diffeomorphic Kähler threefolds

We provide infinitely many examples of pairs of diffeomorphic, non-simply-connected Kahler manifolds of complex dimension three with different Kodaira dimensions. Also, in any possible Kodaira dimension we find infinitely many pairs of non-deformation equivalent, diffeomorphic Kahler threefolds.
Transport Phenomena in Supercritical Fluids in Gen-IV Reactor Designs

There has been an ongoing search for more efficient power plant designs over the last few decades. For fossil-fueled power plants, this has resulted in the development of supercritical water Rankin...
Advances in Crystallographic Image Processing for Scanning Probe Microscopy: Unambiguous identification of the translation symmetry of a 2D periodic image

A statistically sound procedure for the unambiguous identification of the underlying Bravais lattice of an image of a 2D periodic array of objects is described. Our Bravais lattice detection procedure is independent of which type of microscope has been utilized for the recording of the image data. It is particularly useful for the correction of Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) images that suffer from a blunt scanning probe tip artifact, i.e. simultaneously recording multiple mini-tips. The unambiguous detection of the type of translation symmetry presents a first step towards making objective decisions about which plane symmetry a 2D periodic image is best modeled by. Such decisions are important for the application of Crystallographic Image Processing (CIP) techniques to images from Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPMs).
Effect of Vitamin K on Hypoprothrombinemia of Experimental Liver Injury.

SummaryThe hypoprothrombinemia, which develops following liver injury (chronic chloroform intoxication), is not influenced by vitamin K administration.
Martin Amis’s Time’s Arrow and the Postmodern Sublime

Time’s Arrow (1991) confronts a question that has consumed Amis from an early stage in his career: is modernity leading civilization to self-destruction? While his main concern remains the world’s development of nuclear weapons, he sees the origins of the West’s drive to implode not just in Hiroshima and Nagasaki but in the Holocaust (Time’s Arrow) and the Soviet gulags (Koba the Dread). The Holocaust is, he has said, “the central event of the twentieth century” (Bellante, 16). As Dermot McCarthy observes: Amis’s “generation suffers from an event it did not experience, and will expire from one it seems powerless to prevent” (301). James Diedrick has called Einstein’s Monsters (1987), London Fields (1989), and Time’s Arrow an “informal trilogy” (104). The first two focus on a nuclear holocaust that threatens postwar civilization, whereas Time’s Arrow returns to the Holocaust, which cast its shadow over the rest of the century. London Fields and Time’s Arrow complement one another in particular. In a prefatory note to London Fields Amis mentions that he even considered calling the novel by the latter’s title. Indeed, Hitler remains at the heart of Amis’s belief that we are living in the aftermath of disaster. In London Fields Nicola Six remarks that “it seemed possible to argue that Hitler was still running the century” (395), and in 2002 Amis confessed, “I feel I have unfinished business with Hitler” (Heawood, 18).
Fast detection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and its application to suspected cases

The aim of this study is to establish fast and reliable methods for detecting nucleic acid of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV) and to assay 276 suspected cases.The specific primers and Taqman probes of conventional RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR targeted S segment of genome of SFTSV were designed in use of a software named Primer 5.0.The sensitivity and specificity of the methods were tested and utilized to assay 276 suspected cases.It was found that the specifity of conventional RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR were excellent in detection.The detection limits for positive control of the two method were 1.0×10-3 and 1.0×10-4 for the median tissue culture infective dose(TCID50).The number of positive cases in nucleic acid detection with conventional RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR method were 30 and 41.Detection rate were 10.9% and 14.8%,respectively.So,the latter method has a higher sensitivity(P0.5).This findings support the idea that the methods for detection of SFTSV gene by conventional RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR are established successfully.It could offer fast and reliable diagnosis for SFTSV infection.
THE PLANTAR PLATE OF THE LESSER METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINTS: Potential for Injury and Role of MR Imaging

SUMMARY Forefoot MR imaging has not been commonly performed but can permit optimal evaluation of the plantar plate, collateral ligaments, and flexor tendons in the assessment of metatarsalgia with or without associated instability and toe deformity. High-resolution images can be achieved by imaging the forefoot in a quadrature wrist coil. Contiguous thin-section 2D-GRE coronal images through the forefoot ideally delineate the position and integrity of the plantar plate, as well as the status of the collateral ligaments and flexor tendons. As an adjunct to weight-bearing AP radiographs, which are useful for detection of arthritis, fracture and osteonecrosis, and hallux valgus and second metatarsal protrusion, MR imaging provides useful information to guide conservative or surgical management and improve clinical outcome.
Possible nematic spin liquid in spin-1 antiferromagnetic system on the square lattice: Implications for the nematic paramagnetic state of FeSe

The exotic normal state of iron chalcogenide superconductor FeSe, which exhibits vanishing magnetic order and possesses an electronic nematic order, triggered extensive explorations of its magnetic ground state. To understand its novel properties, we study the ground state of a highly frustrated spin-1 system with bilinear-biquadratic interactions using an unbiased large-scale density matrix renormalization group. Remarkably, with increasing biquadratic interactions, we find a paramagnetic phase between N\'eel and stripe magnetic ordered phases. We identify this phase as a candidate of nematic quantum spin liquid by the compelling evidences, including vanished spin and quadrupolar orders, absence of lattice translational symmetry breaking, and a persistent nonzero lattice nematic order in the thermodynamic limit. The established quantum phase diagram naturally explains the observations of enhanced spin fluctuations of FeSe in neutron scattering measurement and the phase transition with increasing pressure. This identified paramagnetic phase provides a possibility to understand the novel properties of FeSe.
Management of arterial emboli.

In the clinical emergency presented by acute arterial occlusion, embolization must be distinguished from thrombosis, which requires complicated and time-consuming surgical techniques. The inventor of the Fogarty balloon catheter for embolectomy explains its use in conjunction with care of the underlying cardiac disease in patients with arterial emboli.
The Membrane Phospholipid Binding Protein Annexin A2 Promotes Phagocytosis and Nonlytic Exocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans and Impacts Survival in Fungal Infection

Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen with a unique intracellular pathogenic strategy that includes nonlytic exocytosis, a phenomenon whereby fungal cells are expunged from macrophages without lysing the host cell. The exact mechanism and specific proteins involved in this process have yet to be completely defined. Using murine macrophages deficient in the membrane phospholipid binding protein, annexin A2 (ANXA2), we observed a significant decrease in both phagocytosis of yeast cells and the frequency of nonlytic exocytosis. Cryptococcal cells isolated from Anxa2-deficient (Anxa2(-/-)) bone marrow-derived macrophages and lung parenchyma displayed significantly larger capsules than those isolated from wild-type macrophages and tissues. Concomitantly, we observed significant differences in the amount of reactive oxygen species produced between Anxa2(-/-) and Anxa2(+/+) macrophages. Despite comparable fungal burden, Anxa2(-/-) mice died more rapidly than wild-type mice when infected with C. neoformans, and Anxa2(-/-) mice exhibited enhanced inflammatory responses, suggesting that the reduced survival reflected greater immune-mediated damage. Together, these findings suggest a role for ANXA2 in the control of cryptococcal infection, macrophage function, and fungal morphology.
Energy infrastructure: Mapping future electricity demand

Electricity distribution system planners rely on estimations of future energy demand to build adequate supply, but these are complicated to achieve. An approach that combines spatially resolved projections of population movement and climate change offers a method for building better demand maps to mid-century.
Empirical Study of Concurrent Programming Paradigms

Various concurrent programming paradigms have been proposed by language designers in an effort to simplify some of the unique constructs required to handle concurrent programming tasks. Despite these different approaches, however, there has been no general clear winner accepted by software developers and different paradigms are regarded to have strengths and weaknesses in certain areas. This thesis was motivated by the desire to investigate the question of whether or not there are measurable differences between two widely differing paradigms for concurrent programming: Threads vs. Communicating Sequential Processes. The mechanism for observing and comparing these paradigms was a randomized controlled trial of two groups of participants who completed identical tasks in one of the two paradigms. The study was run in Fall 2015 with 88 student participants primarily from the Department of Computer Science at UNLV. I examined programming accuracy and comprehension rates among participants in three different common shared memory problem areas introduced by concurrent programming. The results were measured using a token accuracy map algorithm which matches the token strings of a participants answer compared to a correct solution. The overall results show that for two relatively straightforward tasks using shared processes and memory, both paradigms were reasonably well understood, with a possible small learning advantage in favor of CSP in two of the tasks. In a more complex example combining task co-ordination and memory sharing, however, the participants in the CSP group struggled to grasp the guarded blocking and communication channels needed in the CSP model and performed
Update in Hematology and Oncology: Evidence Published in 2013

This Update summarizes studies published in 2013 that the authors consider highly relevant to the practice of hematology and oncology.
Broken rails: the privatisation of Estonian railways

AbstractBased on the experience of Estonian railways, this article argues that the privatisation of monopolistic infrastructure is economically wasteful and politically divisive. In 2000–2001, Estonia sold the passenger carrier and a portion of the track to domestic businessmen posing as a British strategic investor, and the main freight carrier and most of the track to an American-led consortium. The passenger carrier continued to receive government subsidies but closed several rail lines, which led to protests by passengers. The freight carrier earned large profits from the transit of Russian oil to Europe, but invested its money in buying used American locomotives, rather than rebuilding the track. Both companies laid off about half of their workforce, provoking the first private-sector strike in Estonia since the collapse of Communism. In 2006, a new government bought back the freight services and track at more than twice the sale price, an expensive lesson in the perils of privatisation.
Improving Self-Efficacy and Self-Care in Adult Patients With a Urinary Diversion: A Pilot Study

Purpose/objectives To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a multimodality educational intervention for improving self-efficacy (SE) and self-care in patients with a new urinary diversion (UD). . Design Two-arm randomized, controlled trial. . Setting Academic medical center in New York. . Sample 8 adults diagnosed with bladder cancer requiring UD. . Methods A multimodality educational intervention consisting of video, Microsoft PowerPoint® slides, and medical illustrations was developed. SE was assessed pre- and postintervention related to care of the UD. Education scale scores provided evidence for intervention acceptability and assessment of UD self-care skills. . Main research variables Feasibility, acceptability, results of SE, and self-care scales. . Findings Enrollment and retention was 100%. All participants took part in every aspect of the study. No issues were apparent with administration of the study; however, a lack of self-care independence was noted between the study arms. The control group was younger in age than the intervention group. . Conclusions A supplemental multimethod educational intervention is acceptable in this population and feasible to integrate into hospital care or into an appropriately powered study. . Implications for nursing A need exists for ongoing postdischarge support and education in this population. Additional studies are needed to determine the best approach for this.
4EGI-1 represses cap-dependent translation in malignant pleural mesothelioma

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA 163 Purpose of the study: Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a disease with a poor prognosis and a median survival time of only 1 year. Thus, it is very essential to find potential new therapies for mesothelioma and thereby identify new targets regulated by cap-dependent translation in this cancer. 4EGI-1 inhibits the interaction between translation initiation factors eIF4E and eIF4G and thus inhibits cap-dependent translation in other cancers. Here, we study the effect of 4EGI-1 on cap-dependent translation in mesothelioma. Methods: Human mesothelioma cell lines H2596 and H2461 and the non-transformed human mesothelial cell line LP9 were used for these studies. Proliferation studies using the Cell Counting Kit-8 were performed. Cap-binding assay using the 7-methyl-GTP-Sepharose resin was done to study the inhibition of the formation of the cap-dependent translation initiation complex. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the levels of various proteins on treatment of cells with [4EGI][1]-1 . Polysome analysis is presently being carried out in order to identify preferentially translated transcripts in cancerous cells compared to cells treated with 4EGI-1. Results: Compared to LP9, 4EGI-1 preferentially inhibited the growth of H2596 and H2461. 4EGI-1 also disrupted cap-binding in these cell lines both invitro and in cells. Besides, 4EGI-1 treatment in these cancer cells also lead to a decrease in the protein levels of osteopontin (a known biomarker for mesothelioma) and survivin (an inhibitor of apoptosis). Surprisingly, we also observed that treatment with 4EGI-1 caused an increase in the hypophosphorylated form (active form) of the translational repressor 4EBP-1 in the cancer cells. Conclusions: Our studies show that 4EGI-1 can be a possible new strategy for treating mesothelioma. Also, this drug might help to identify new targets preferentially translated by cap-dependent translation in mesothelioma and validate their potential efficacy in treating this disease. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=PDB&access_num=4EGI&atom=%2Fcanres%2F68%2F9_Supplement%2F163.atom
TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON (TOC) PREDICTION FROM RESISTIVITY AND POROSITY LOGS: A CASE STUDY FROM IRAQ

The open hole well log data (Resistivity, Sonic, and Gamma Ray) of well X in Euphrates subzone within the Mesopotamian basin are applied to detect the total organic carbon (TOC) of Zubair Formation in the south part of Iraq. The mathematical interpretation of the logs parameters helped in detecting the TOC and source rock productivity. As well, the quantitative interpretation of the logs data leads to assigning to the organic content and source rock intervals identification. The reactions of logs in relation to the increasing of TOC can be detected through logs parameters. By this way, the TOC can be predicted with an increase in gamma-ray, sonic, neutron, and resistivity, as well as a decrease in the density log. In calculating TOC content, sonic/resistivity overlay technique was used. The results detected that the upper and lower parts (3300-3460 and 3570-3700 respectively) of the formation were the principal source rock in this location. The TOC results from logs are ranged respectively from 1-6 and 1-4 wt % for the upper and lower parts from the formation. These results are compared with TOC from (58) samples of Rock -Eval Pyrolysis, which showed a close pattern of increasing and decreasing in TOC values. This comparison was made so as to enhance the results of this technique. In addition, this tool revealed the possible lithology of the studied intervals, where the logs originally would give an indication to the lithology, as such high TOC is significant to relatively low energy environments. TOC calculation showed that the upper and lower packages represent source-seal rocks, while the middle had good reservoir properties. This relation may indicate a locally stratigraphic trap, and a need for further detailed studies.
A Systematic Review of Occupational Health and Safety Business Cases

Business cases are arguments developed to secure management commitment and approval for investment in an intervention. This systematic review evaluated 12 experimental and quasi-experimental studies on occupational health and safety interventions (OHSI) in various settings. The search engines used in this systematic review include PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus. A cost and benefit analysis of OHSI was completed at the organizational level in these studies. The focus of this analysis included sample, design, theoretical framework, interventional strategies, and threats to validity and outcomes. Positive returns on investment of OHSI outcomes were shown in 10 of the studies. The other two studies concluded that their chosen OHSI were not cost-effective.