cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Revascularization and outcomes in Veterans with moderate to severe ischemia on myocardial perfusion imaging.

The prevalence of ischemia on nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) has been decreasing. Recent research has questioned the benefit of invasive revascularization for patients with moderate to severe ischemia. We hypothesized that patients with moderate to severe ischemia could routinely undergo successful revascularization. We analyzed data from 544 patients who underwent an MPI at a single academic Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Patients with moderate to severe ischemia, defined as a summed difference score (SDS) 8 or greater, were compared to the rest of the cohort. Of the total cohort (n = 544), 39 patients had MPI studies with resultant moderate to severe ischemia. Patients with ischemia were more likely to develop coronary artery disease (74.4% versus 38.8%, P < 0.0001) and have successful revascularization (38.5% versus 4.0%, P < 0.0001) during the following year. Revascularization was attempted in 31 patients with moderate to severe ischemia, though only 15 (47%) of these attempts were successful. Ischemia was predictive of myocardial infarction (5.1% versus 0.8%, P = 0.01) within 1 year. Moderate to severe ischemia is an uncommon finding in a contemporary nuclear laboratory. Among patients with ischemia, revascularization is typically attempted but is frequently unsuccessful. This trial does not appear on a registry as it is neither randomized nor prospective.
Long-term pitch memory for music recordings is related to auditory working memory precision:

Most individuals have reliable long-term memories for the pitch of familiar music recordings. This pitch memory (1) appears to be normally distributed in the population, (2) does not depend on explicit musical training and (3) only seems to be weakly related to differences in listening frequency estimates. The present experiment was designed to assess whether individual differences in auditory working memory could explain variance in long-term pitch memory for music recordings. In Experiment 1, participants first completed a musical note adjustment task that has been previously used to assess working memory of musical pitch. Afterward, participants were asked to judge the pitch of well-known music recordings, which either had or had not been shifted in pitch. We found that performance on the pitch working memory task was significantly related to performance in the pitch memory task using well-known recordings, even when controlling for overall musical experience and familiarity with each recording. In Experiment 2, we replicated these findings in a separate group of participants while additionally controlling for fluid intelligence and non-pitch-based components of auditory working memory. In Experiment 3, we demonstrated that participants could not accurately judge the pitch of unfamiliar recordings, suggesting that our method of pitch shifting did not result in unwanted acoustic cues that could have aided participants in Experiments 1 and 2. These results, taken together, suggest that the ability to maintain pitch information in working memory might lead to more accurate long-term pitch memory.
DASH, the data and specimen hub of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

The benefits of data sharing are well-established and an increasing number of policies require that data be shared upon publication of the main study findings. As data sharing becomes the new norm, there is a heightened need for additional resources to drive efficient data reuse. This article describes the development and implementation of the Data and Specimen Hub (DASH) by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) to promote data sharing from NICHD-funded studies and enable researchers to comply with NIH data sharing policies. DASH’s flexible architecture is designed to archive diverse data types and formats from NICHD’s broad scientific portfolio in a manner that promotes FAIR data sharing principles. Performance of DASH over two years since launch is promising: the number of available studies and data requests are growing; three manuscripts have been published from data reanalysis, all within two years of access. Critical success factors included NICHD leadership commitment, stakeholder engagement and close coordination between the governance body and technical team.
SYMMETRY ELEMENTS OF THE HAMILTONIAN

This chapter presents the connection between group theory and quantum mechanics. It discusses several types of symmetry and the ensuing consequences. The principle of indistinguishability forces the multielectron wave function to be either symmetric or antisymmetric. Most functions are neither symmetric nor antisymmetric; therefore, the principle of indistinguishability restricts the form of the wave function. Electrons are not the only particles that are indistinguishable—so are photons, protons, neutrons, pions, and many others, and in all such cases, an equation of form is applicable. However, there is a distinction. Symmetric wave functions describe the particles obeying Bose–Einstein statistics, called bosons. These are particles with integral values of the spin. Antisymmetric wave functions describe particles that obey Fermi–Dirac statistics. Such particles, called fermions, have half-integral values of the spin.
Closing the Achievement Gap: A Systemic View

“Closing the achievement gap” has become an American mantra over the last decade, as federal and state policies have sought to reduce unequal educational outcomes largely by setting targets and sanctions based on student test scores. And while some progress has been made since 1990, gaps in achievement between affluent and low-income students in the USA have remained large and persistent, while a number of other countries around the world have made stunning strides over the last 30 years in both raising overall achievement and reducing differentials across students and schools, including those from low-income communities and historical minority groups.
Investigation of Band Anticrossing Parameters for Dilute-Anion III-Nitride Alloys

Band anticrossing parameters of dilute-anion III-nitride alloys are calculated for GaNAs, GaNP, and introduced for dilute-anion AlN alloy material systems. Incorporation of small amount of the dilute-anion in III-nitrides allows for a wide tunability of the band gap and electronic properties of the resultant alloys.
Ease of biofilm accumulation, and efficacy of sanitizing treatments in removing the biofilms formed, on coupons made of materials commonly used in blueberry packing environment

Abstract Biofilm-forming ability of six two-strain mixtures of fecal coliforms, isolated from six different fresh market blueberry packing lines in Georgia, was assessed at 10 °C for 7 days on coupons made of materials commonly used for fresh market blueberry packing lines, lugs and clamshells. These materials included stainless steel, rubber, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyurethane, high-density polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate. Coupons with developed biofilms were treated for 1 min at room temperature with four different sanitizers commonly used by blueberry packers in Georgia, including 5 ppm chlorine dioxide, 3 ppm ozonated water, 200 ppm quaternary ammonium compound or 200 ppm sodium hypochlorite. Residual biofilms on treated coupons were subsequently quantified using the crystal violet binding assay. On average, the amount of biofilm mass was significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) on polypropylene, compared to the other coupons used in the study. Biofilms formed on polyvinyl chloride and rubber coupons were statisically similar (P > 0.05), but were significantly lower than those on polypropylene and polyurethane coupons and significantly higher than those on high-density polyethylene, stainless steel and polyethylene terephthalate coupons. Ozonated water had significantly higher efficiency in biofilm removal than the quaternary ammonium compound which had significantly higher efficiency than chlorine dioxide, followed by sodium hypochlorite. On average, significantly more residual biofilm mass was found on rubber coupons after the sanitizing treatments. The amounts of residual biofilms on polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and high-density polyethylene coupons were statistically similar, but were significantly higher than those on polyurethane and stainless steel coupons. The evaluated sanitizers had different efficacies in biofilm removal. The type of coupon materials used in the study played a significant role in biofilm accumulation and removal. These results emphazise the importance of selecting proper chemical sanitizers (with high efficacies in microbial inactivation and biofilm removal) and surface materials (with low tendency in attracting microbial attachments) for fresh market blueberry packing lines because these decisions may affect the hygiene conditions of fresh market blueberry packing lines as well as the microbial quality of the fruits.
Axis Dimensional Analysis of Religious Mass Gathering Human Stampede Reports

Introduction:Human Stampedes (HS) occur at religious mass gatherings. Religious events have a higher rate of morbidity and mortality than other events that experience HS. This study is a subset analysis of religious event HS data regarding the physics principles involved in HS, and the associated event morbidity and mortality.Aim:To analyze reports of religious HS to determine the initiating physics principles and associated morbidity and mortality.Methods:Thirty-four reports of religious HS were analyzed to find shared variables. Thirty-three (97.1%) were written media reports with photographic, drawn, or video documentation. 29 (85.3%) cited footage/photographs and 1 (2.9%) was not associated with visual evidence. Descriptive phrases associated with physics principles contributing to the onset of HS and morbidity data were extracted and analyzed to evaluate frequency before, during, and after events.Results:34 (39.1%) reports of HS found in the literature review were associated with religious HS. Of these, 83% were found to take place in an open space, and 82.3% were associated with population density changes. 82.3% of events were associated with architectural nozzles (small streets, alleys, etc). 100% were found to have loss of XY-axis motion and 89% reached an average velocity of zero. 100% had loss of proxemics and 91% had associated Z-axis displacement (falls). Minimum reported attendance for a religious HS was 3000. 100% of religious HS had reported mortality at the event and 56% with further associated morbidity.Discussion:HS are deadly events at religious mass gatherings. Religious events are often recurring, planned gatherings in specific geographic locations. They are frequently associated with an increase in population density, loss of proxemics and velocity, followed by Z-axis displacements, leading to injury and death. This is frequently due to architectural nozzles, which those organizing religious mass gatherings can predict and utilize to mitigate future events.
Abstract 912: Macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF), osteopontin (OPN) and anti-interleukin-8 (IL-8) autoantibodies (AAb) complement CA125 for detection of early-stage ovarian cancer

Background: Early detection of ovarian cancer promises to reduce mortality. At present, only 20 percent of ovarian cancer is found in early stage (I-II). CA125 is found in sera from approximately 60% of patients with early stage disease. Greater sensitivity could be observed with a panel of blood tests. Methods: A panel of 10 antigen biomarkers (MIF, Leptin, IL-6, IL-8, TNFa, OPN, FGF2, HE4, TGFa and a panel of autoantibodies (AAbs) against 12 antigens (IL-8, MDM2, c-myc, PLAT, EpCAM, HOXA7, ENO1, PDI, HSPA5, HSPA8, ANXA2, Cathepsin D) were analyzed in sera of 77 ovarian cancer patients with early stage (I-II), 50 patients with late stage (III-IV), and 216 healthy women from the Normal Risk Ovarian Cancer Screening Study (NROSS) using Luminex-based immunoassays. Serum levels of serum tumor marker CA-125 were routinely measured in all patients using a Roche assay. The most promising markers (CA125, MIF, OPN, and anti-IL-8 autoantibodies were validated using an independent panel with sera from 69 early stage and 50 late ovarian cancer patients and 200 healthy controls. Result: Serum level of CA125, MIF, OPN and IL-8 AAb were elevated in early stage (I-II) and late stage (III-IV) ovarian cancer patients compared with healthy controls. Analyzing the positive biomarkers in combination with CA125 increased detection of early stage disease from 62% with CA125 alone to 92% a panel of CA125, MIF, OPN and IL-8 AAb at 98% specificity. For patients with late stage disease sensitivity increased from 90% to 98% with the panel. Complementarity of CA125 with MIF, OPN and IL-8 AAb was confirmed with an independent validation set, where sensitivity for early stage disease was improved from 84% to 91% at 98% specificity. Conclusion: MIF, OPN and IL8 AAb could be used in combination with CA125 to distinguish ovarian cancer patients from health controls with high sensitivity. Citation Format: Jing Guo, Wei-lei Yang, Joseph Celestino, Karen Lu, Anna E. Lokshin, Zhen Lu, Robert C. Bast. Macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF), osteopontin (OPN) and anti-interleukin-8 (IL-8) autoantibodies (AAb) complement CA125 for detection of early-stage ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 912.
International Migration and Remittances

The remittances that these migrants send to origin countries are one of the largest types of international financial flows to developing countries. This article reviews the relationships between remittances and the economic development of the world's poorer nations. It first reviews the definition, magnitude, and some basic characteristics of remittance flows. Then, it treats the motivations for remittances, the impacts of remittances on development outcomes, and their role in helping respond to adverse shocks. It concludes with thoughts about the immediate future of remittances and promising areas for future research on the topic.
Complications Associated with Medical Tourism for Facial Rejuvenation: A Systematic Review.

Medical tourism for cosmetic surgery has become increasingly popular in recent years. The existing literature has identified poor outcomes associated with general cosmetic tourism; however, the complications associated with cosmetic tourism for facial rejuvenation remain poorly understood. The aims of this study are to delineate the risk profile associated with medical tourism for facial rejuvenation. A systematic review of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase was performed through January 2019 using the PRISMA guidelines. Search terms included combinations of keywords including medical tourism and plastic surgery and other related nomenclature. Articles published in English relevant to medical tourism for facial rejuvenation and its associated complications were examined. We identified six retrospective studies including 31 patients who had obtained facial rejuvenation procedures abroad and experienced treatment-associated complications. Twenty-five of 26 listed patients (96%) were female (age range 33–62 years). Departure nations included the USA, Switzerland, England, Ireland, Australia, and Thailand. Destination nations included the Dominican Republic, Cyprus, the USA, Colombia, Thailand, India, and China. Procedures included blepharoplasty, facelift, rhinoplasty, chin lift, and injections with botulinum toxin and dermal fillers. Complications included abscess, poor cosmesis, facial nerve palsy, and death. We present the first study to systematically review the complications associated with medical tourism for facial rejuvenation. No definitive conclusions can be made given the paucity of relevant data, its clinical and statistical heterogeneity, and small sample size. Additional research is warranted to help inform patients who seek facial rejuvenation procedures abroad and to better understand the health system implications associated with cosmetic tourism for facial rejuvenation. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Feminist geographies of climate change: Negotiating gender at climate talks

Abstract Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time and will have differential impacts across different geographies and social strata. The Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is the most important international meeting surrounding climate change. The 2015 Paris climate talks reflected the global preoccupation around climate change, in that it was the first time 150 Heads of State ever gathered to discuss an issue. For geographers, the COPs are important sites to study because decisions around our environmental commons can perpetuate or contest socio-environmental narratives responsible for social and environmental inequalities. Increasingly, gender is being introduced into the climate debate in sites such as the COPs. Using qualitative methods, this paper delineates the mechanisms by which some meanings of gender like gender balance dominate over others like gender equality. My research illustrates how discourses of gender and climate change arise, are perpetuated, and materialized through climate policy. I use an intersectional lens to underscore the practices that perpetuate injustices, and explore the discourses that are the most popular at the COPs around gender and climate change, who perpetuates them, which narratives are mobilized, and which become invisible. I highlight how material practices at the COPs that construct polarized divisions of gender are accompanied by polarized divisions of space. Feminist geographies of climate change can challenge the global conversation about gender and climate change to form new coalitions and techniques to find just and equitable outcomes in the face of climate change.
Racemic phosphorothioate as a tool for NMR investigations of protein-DNA complexes

A major driving force for protein-nucleic acid association is electrostatic interactions via ion pairs of the positively charged basic side chains and negatively charged phosphates. For a better understanding of how proteins scan DNA and recognize particular signatures, it is important to gain atomic-level insight into the behavior of basic side chains at the protein-DNA interfaces. NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for investigating the structural, dynamic, and kinetic aspects of protein-DNA interactions. However, resonance assignment of basic side-chain cationic moieties at the molecular interfaces remains to be a major challenge. Here, we propose a fast, robust, and inexpensive approach that greatly facilitates resonance assignment of interfacial moieties and also allows for kinetic measurements of protein translocation between two DNA duplexes. This approach utilizes site-specific incorporation of racemic phosphorothioate at the position of a phosphate that interacts with a protein side chain. This modification retains the electric charge of phosphate and therefore is mild, but causes significant chemical shift perturbations for the proximal protein side chains, which facilitates resonance assignment. Due to the racemic nature of the modification, two different chemical shifts are observed for the species with different diastereomers RP and SP of the incorporated phosphorothioate group. Kinetic information on the exchange of the protein molecule between RP and SP DNA duplexes can be obtained by 15Nz exchange spectroscopy. We demonstrate the applications of this approach to the Antennapedia homeodomain-DNA complex and the CREB1 basic leucine-zipper (bZIP)-DNA complex.
In their own words: Orthodox Jewish social workers integration of religion and values into practice

Understanding how different religions are integrated into social work practice is important to enhancing diversity and inclusion within the profession. This article focuses on Orthodox Judaism, and...
Star formation in ram pressure stripped galactic tails

We investigate the impact of star formation and feedback on ram pressure stripping using high-resolution adaptive mesh simulations, building on a previous series of papers that systematically investigated stripping using a realistic model for the interstellar medium, but without star formation. We find that star formation does not significantly affect the rate at which stripping occurs, and only has a slight impact on the density and temperature distribution of the stripped gas, indicating that our previous (gas-only) results are unaffected. For our chosen (moderate) ram pressure strength, stripping acts to truncate star formation in the disc over a few hundred million years, and does not lead to a burst of star formation. Star formation in the bulge is slightly enhanced, but the resulting change in the bulge-to-disc ratio is insignificant. We find that stars do form in the tail, primarily from gas that is ablated from the disc and the cools and condenses in the turbulent wake. The star formation rate in the tail is low, and any contribution to the intracluster light is likely to be very small. We argue that star formation in the tail depends primarily on the pressure in the intracluster medium, rather than the ram pressure strength. Finally, we compare to observations of star formation in stripped tails, finding that many of the discrepancies between our simulation and observed wakes can be accounted for by different intracluster medium pressures.
Interest-Based Incorporation: A Statutory Story of Federalism, Delegation, and Democratic Design

Interpreting statutes is a rare legal field that appreciates fiction as much as fact. For years, judges and scholars have acknowledged that canons of interpretation are often based on erudite assumptions of how Congress drafts federal statutes. But a recent surge in realism has shown just how erroneous many of these assumptions are. Scholars have created a robust study of congressional practices that challenge many formalist canons of interpretation that are divorced from how Congress thinks about, drafts, and enacts federal statutes. This scholarly conversation, however, has yet to confront statutory incorporation, which describes when Congress incorporates state law into federal statutes. Statutory incorporation is one of the most common legislative tools employed by Congress and has been used to enact hundreds of federal statutes that affect liberty and property rights across multiple areas of law. Scholars have argued that statutory incorporation should be interpreted according to Congress’s intent to forward goals of federalism that seek to diffuse federal power to the states or as a tool to delegate federal law-making authority to state legislatures. This Article offers an alternative explanation of interest-based incorporation, which displaces the federalism and delegation theories that fall short when held up to the scrutiny of realism. Interest-based incorporation argues that federalism and delegation theories are fictions of congressional intent. By understanding that statutory incorporation is a tool to promote congressional self-interests, interest-based incorporation makes an important contribution at the theoretical and practical crossroads necessary to understand statutory incorporation. As a realist intervention, interest-based incorporation carries important implications for the future of statutory incorporation as well as scrutinizing the fictions that dominate theories of interpretation.
The Public Performance Right in the Digital Age: Cartoon Network LP v. CSC Holdings

Technological innovations test the boundaries and enforceability of copyright protection. New digital technologies are expanding the well established content-providers' market for broadcast media and creating opportunities for additional revenue for distributor-provided on-demand services. The latest battle between content providers and distributors in volves the introduction of centrally housed Digital Video Recorder (DVR) technology. Cablevision Systems Corporation's (Cablevision) proposed remote storage DVR (RS-DVR) would allow customers to record broad cast programming at central servers maintained by Cablevision, rather than on in-home DVR boxes which operate much like a standard video cassette recorder (VCR).1 RS-DVR customers would access their stored programming at the central facility through a cable box equipped with the RS-DVR software.2
Energy-Momentum Relationship in InAs

We have performed surface-barrier tunneling measurements on p-type InAs and found the energy dependence of the wave vector in the forbidden gap to be in agreement with Franz's relationship based on a two-band model.
Evaluating Scientific Evidence: Toxic torts and the causation conundrum

It is in the arena of toxic tort cases that the “battle of the experts” has been the most vicious, protracted, and well publicized, at least in the United States. In the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, there are few toxic tort cases brought and far less controversy about the use of experts. In civil law countries such as the Netherlands, where experts are appointed by the court on mutual agreement of the parties and prepare a joint report, disagreements are rarely aired in court. But in the United States, toxic torts have been a battleground about what counts as science in the courtroom, and this issue propelled both Daubert and Joiner into the U.S. Supreme Court. Because of long latency periods and symptoms common to many diseases, proving causation in toxic torts nearly always involves the use of scientific experts, and courts are often stymied by their gatekeeping responsibilities in this arena. The courts have particular difficulty with several major issues, including statistical analysis, the admissibility and evaluation of animal studies, the impact of cumulative studies, and the conflation of admissibility with sufficiency. The underlying reason that courts appear to founder in this area is that causation – an essential element for liability – is highly uncertain, scientifically speaking, and courts do not deal well with this uncertainty.
Coerced Labor and Implied Congressional Powers: The Example of Deserting Sailors and Fugitive Slaves

This article explores the relationship between the law of maritime labor and the law of slavery. In the eighteenth century, both sailors and slaves were part of a broad regime of unfree labor relations, with slaves, of course, the most oppressed. In the nineteenth century, an era otherwise supposedly devoted to the ideal of "free" labor, sailors and slaves instead remained unfree, subject to federal laws providing for the forced return to their toils if they deserted - the Merchant Seaman's Act and the Fugitive Slave Act. Both of those statutes were deemed to be within Congress' authority, despite questionable foundations for those conclusions on the face of the Constitution. Exploring the similarities and differences between the conditions and legal treatment of merchant seamen and slaves may yield important insights into the understanding of the congressional reaction to those conditions and the Supreme Court's understanding of Congressional power.
Electrochemistry of dissolved gases: III. Oxidation of hydrogen at platinum electrodes

Abstract Voltammetric and chronopotentiomatic studies have been made to determine the effect of supporting electrolyte, pH, and electrode pre-conditioning upon the oxidation of dissolved hydrogen at platinum electrodes. The results of these investigations lead to the conclusion that hydrogen can be electrolytically oxidized by four different mechanisms; (a) atomic hydrogen adsorbed on the platinum surface (observed with pre-cathodized electrodes), (b) absorbed hydrogen in the platinum electrode (observed after the electrode is exposed for long periods of time to dissolved hydrogen), (c) molecular hydrogen at an activated platinum electrode (accomplished by first forming platinum oxide electrolytically, which, subsequently is reduced by hydrogen to give the activated surface), and (d) cyclic reaction of molecular hydrogen with platinum oxide and the electrolytic re-formation of the platinum oxide (observed with unconditioned electrodes). The third mechanism is the most important, as well as the most reversible, reaction. Only the second mechanism is independent of pH. In acidic solutions a platinum electrode, which has been aged in dissolved hydrogen, exhibits an oscillating potential for the electrolytic oxidation of hydrogen. This behavior appears to be due to a combination of mechanisms (c) and (d). Hydrogen is not oxidized under similar conditions at gold or boron carbide electrodes, which supports the conclusion that platinum is a somewhat unique electrode for the electrolytic oxidation of hydrogen.
Automatic views of natural scenes

Automatic generation of well-composed and purposeful images is useful in a variety of computer graphics applications. In this work, we explore a set of criteria based on utility, perception, and aesthetics applicable to natural outdoor scenes. We also propose a method that uses the criteria to produce renderings of terrain scenes automatically.
Estimation of mutation rates based on the analysis of polypeptide constituents of cultured human lymphoblastoid cells.

A subclone of a human diploid lymphoblastoid cell line, TK-6, with consistently high cloning efficiency has been used to estimate the rates of somatic mutations on the basis of protein variation detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A panel of 267 polypeptide spots per gel was screened, representing the products of approximately 263 unselected loci. The rate of human somatic mutation in vitro was estimated by measuring the proportion of protein variants among cell clones isolated at various times during continuous exponential growth of a TK-6 cell population. Three mutants of spontaneous origin were observed, giving an estimated spontaneous rate of 6 x 10(-8) electrophoretic mutations per allele per cell generation (i.e., 1.2 x 10(-7) per locus per cell generation). Following treatment of cells with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, a total of 74 confirmed variants at 54 loci were identified among 1143 clones analyzed (approximately 601,000 allele tests). The induced variants include 65 electromorphs which exhibit altered isoelectric charge and/or apparent molecular weight and nine nullimorphs for each of which a gene product was not detected at its usual location on the gel. The induced frequency for these 65 structural gene mutants is 1.1 x 10(-4) per allele. An excess of structural gene mutations at ten known polymorphic loci and repeat mutations at these and other loci suggest nonrandomness of mutation in human somatic cells. Nullimorphs occurring at three heterozygous loci in TK-6 cells may be caused by genetic processes other than structural gene mutation.
Theoretical study of the Jahn-Teller effect on the spectroscopy of VCl4

Abstract The Jahn-Teller (JT) effect in VCl 4 is studied using the intermediate neglect of differential overlap model parametrized for Spectroscopy, INDO/S. We demonstrate that the d-d bands observed in the gas phase absorption spectrum are mostly due to dynamic JT effects taking place in the ground and the first excited state of the molecule. Static distortions, favoring the ground state D 2d structures, must also be taken into account in order to correctly reproduce the shape of the absorption spectrum.
Sensitivity, Resolution, and Linearity of the Scintillation Camera

Radioisotope cameras are relatively new instruments for imaging the distribution of ?-ray or positron-emitting isotopes in vivo. They produce pictures similar to those made by medical radioisotope scanners, showing the uptake of tracer compounds in tumors and organs. Cameras can produce pictures in much less time than scanners because of their higher sensitivity and their ability to view all parts of the subject continuously. In the scintillation camera described here, an array of 19 multiplier phototubes view a single, large, thin, sodium iodide crystal. From the relative amount of light seen by each phototube when a scintillation is produced, the position is determined in two dimensions and it is displayed as a point flash of light on an oscilloscope. Pictures are obtained by taking a time exposure of the oscilloscope screen. Pinhole or parallel multichannel collimation is used with ?-ray emitters, and coincidence techniques are used with positron emitters.
The Agenda: What Every Business Must Do to Dominate the Decade

The article reviews the book "The Agenda: What Every Business Must Do to Dominate the Decade," by Michael Hammer.
Considering Symptomatic Spinal Epidural Lipomatosis in the Differential Diagnosis

Spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) is the abnormal accumulation of normal fat within the spinal canal. It is more frequent in those patients receiving chronic glucocorticoid therapy or in cases of endogenous hypercortisolism states. We report a case of SEL in a patient with metastatic prostate cancer with history of steroid treatment as part of his chemotherapy regimen, presenting with clinical manifestations of partial cord compression. Magnetic resonance imaging images of the lumbar spine revealed the presence of epidural tumor suspicious for metastatic disease. Operative findings were consistent with epidural lipomatosis. Spinal epidural lipomatosis is a rare condition that needs to be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with risk factors, presenting with symptomatic cord compression.
Release of Ubiquitin-Charged Cdc34-S∼Ub from the RING Domain Is Essential for Ubiquitination of the SCFCdc4-Bound Substrate Sic1

The S. cerevisiae SCF(Cdc4) is a prototype of RING-type SCF E3s, which recruit substrates for polyubiquitination by the Cdc34 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Current models propose that Cdc34 ubiquitinates the substrate while remaining bound to the RING domain. In contrast, we found that the formation of a ubiquitin thiol ester regulates the Cdc34/SCF(Cdc4) binding equilibrium by increasing the dissociation rate constant, with only a minor effect on the association rate. By using a F72VCdc34 mutant with increased affinity for the RING domain, we demonstrate that release of ubiquitin-charged Cdc34-S - Ub from the RING is essential for ubiquitination of the SCF(Cdc4)-bound substrate Sic1. Release of ubiquitin-charged E2 from E3 prior to ubiquitin transfer is a previously unrecognized step in ubiquitination, which can explain both the modification of multiple lysines on the recruited substrate and the extension of polyubiquitin chains. We discuss implications of this finding for function of other ubiquitin ligases.
Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Traps: Evaluation of Single and Multiple Arrangements for Reducing Defoliation in Urban Landscape

We determined in an earlier study that single Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, traps, used according to manufacturers’ specifications, were ineffective for reducing defoliation of potted grape, Vitis sp., plants in urban landscape. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that single trap placements might be more effective for protecting a relatively less attractive host species, and evaluated five multiple trap arrangements (2–7 traps) for effectiveness in reducing defoliation of grape. Single traps, positioned 3.1 m upwind or 9.3 m downwind of pin oak, Quercus palustris L., trees, resulted in significantly greater defoliation than on trees without traps. None of the multiple trap arrangements reduced defoliation, and four of the five placements resulted in significantly greater damage than without traps. Use of single Japanese beetle traps or small scale multiple trap arrangements will not prevent or reduce defoliation of nearby plantings and will probably increase the damage inflicted upon both highly preferred and relatively less attractive hosts.
Decreased influence of nitric oxide on deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension.

Abstract The response to exogenous administration of acetylcholine and the effects of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis blockade were assessed for small arterioles in the cremaster muscle of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)–salt hypertensive and normotensive rats using intravital microscopy. The NO synthesis inhibitor N ω- L -nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) produced significantly less constriction in the arterioles of DOCA–salt hypertensive rats. Exposure to increasing concentrations of acetylcholine (10 −10 to 10 −5 mol/L) or sodium nitroprusside (10 −10 to 10 −5 mol/L) produced similar arteriolar dilation in both groups. These results suggest that attenuated basal release of NO by arterioles may play a role in the development of increased peripheral resistance observed in DOCA–salt hypertension.
3-Dimensional Electrodes for Microbatteries

A general micro-molding approach based on MEMS fabrication has been introduced to fabricate 3-dimensional (3-D) electrodes for microbatteries. Batteries based on 3-D microstructure are shown to offer significant advantages (e.g., small areal footprint and short diffusion lengths) in comparison to the conventional 2-D thin film batteries. In this paper, microelectrodes for Li-ion and Ni-Zn batteries have been fabricated and testedCopyright © 2004 by ASME
Age and sex distribution of patients with colorectal cancer

A retrospective review of 922 colorectal cancer patients was undertaken to determine whether the nonuniform anatomic distribution of colorectal cancer was influenced by age and/or sex. The mean age of patients with right colon lesions (71.2 years) was significantly higher than for either patients with left colon lesions (68.2 years) or rectal lesions (65.6 years). Further analysis disclosed that patients with proximal tumors were older than patients with distal tumors primarily because of the later presentation of females with cecal or ascending colon cancers. Comparison of the anatomic distribution of tumors in patient groups above and below the age of 70 revealed that right colon cancers accounted for a greater percentage of colorectal tumors in the older patient group than in the younger patient group. These findings support the roles played by both age and sex in influencing colorectal cancer location. Furthermore, these data provide a plausible explanation for the increasing incidence of proximal colonic lesions
Coke or Pepsi

Summary A binomial experiment dealing with a volunteer's ability to distinguish Coca-Cola from Pepsi-Cola is used to introduce the concepts of hypothesis testing and Type I and Type II errors.
Analysis of multiple sets of incomplete rankings

The L statistic is extended to allow incomplete or partial rankings within groups. As a special case of these extensions, tests for ofered alternatives analogous to the page test are provided for other than complete rankings. A two group illustration is provided by an alternative analysis of the Bradley and Terry taste-testing experiment on pork-roasts.
Comparison of Alkyl-Bonded Alumina Stationary Phases for Peptide Separations by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract The separations of synthetic octapeptide mixtures and tryptic digests of larger proteins were compared on columns packed with several alkyl-bonded alumina-based stationary phases of differing chain lengths, particle pore diameters and particle shapes. Employing both standard and optimized mobile phase gradient conditions, it was found that (1) columns of different lengths (15 cm and 25 cm) packed with the cctadecyl-bonded alumina phase gave similar peptide separations: (2) narrow pore (diameter = 11 nm) alumina-based phases gave equal or superior peptide separations compared to those obtained on corresponding wide pore (diameter = 21 nm) phases; (3) octadecyl (C-18) bonded alumina phases gave superior peptide separations compared to those obtained on corresponding octyl (C-8) phases; and (4) alumina-based phases consisting of fused microplatelet particles gave superior separations compared those obtained on corresponding phases consisting of spherical particles. Peptide chromatographic recoveries...
Automatic Morphological Reconstruction of Neurons from Multiphoton and Confocal Microscopy Images Using 3D Tubular Models

The challenges faced in analyzing optical imaging data from neurons include a low signal-to-noise ratio of the acquired images and the multiscale nature of the tubular structures that range in size from hundreds of microns to hundreds of nanometers. In this paper, we address these challenges and present a computational framework for an automatic, three-dimensional (3D) morphological reconstruction of live nerve cells. The key aspects of this approach are: (i) detection of neuronal dendrites through learning 3D tubular models, and (ii) skeletonization by a new algorithm using a morphology-guided deformable model for extracting the dendritic centerline. To represent the neuron morphology, we introduce a novel representation, the Minimum Shape-Cost (MSC) Tree that approximates the dendrite centerline with sub-voxel accuracy and demonstrate the uniqueness of such a shape representation as well as its computational efficiency. We present extensive quantitative and qualitative results that demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of our method.
Is there a discrepancy in isodoublet Coulomb displacement energies

Abstract In mirror nuclei with one valence nucleon outside a doubly closed-shell core, there has been a long-standing discrepancy between experimental and theoretical values of their mass-splitting. If the matter distribution of the core protons in the neutron-rich storage is slightly larger in radius than that for the core protons in the proton-rich analogue, this discrepancy can be explained.
Photoluminescence and Excitation Spectra of Deep Defects in GaN

Deep defects responsible for broad bands in the red-to-green range of the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of undoped and Si-doped GaN grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) were studied by employing PL and PL excitation (PLE) methods. In HVPE grown samples, a red luminescence (RL) and a green luminescence (GL) bands were observed, respectively, at about 1.9 and 2.4 eV. Similar in positions but different in properties red and green bands (RL2 and GL2, respectively) dominated in the samples grown in Ga-rich conditions by MBE with radio frequency plasma as a nitrogen source (RF-MBE). A yellow luminescence (YL) with a maximum at about 2.2 eV dominated in the samples with ammonia used as a nitrogen source (NH 3-MBE). It has been established from the variation of temperature, excitation intensity and excitation wavelength that the abovementioned five bands are related to different deep-level defects.
Kinetic studies of the free cationic polymerization of ethyl vinyl ether and isobutyl vinyl ether initiated by triphenylmethyl hexachloroantimonate

Abstract The absolute rate constants for the cationic polymerization of ethyl and isobutyl vinyl ethers have been determined in methylene chloride solution. Under the conditions used, the polymerization proceeded by ‘free ions’. Extremely rigorous drying procedures were used and the values obtained were somewhat higher than those reported in the literature. The values were in reasonable agreement with the ‘free cation’ values obtained by a combination of rate and conductivity measurements of bulk polymerizations, initiated with gamma radiation under ‘super dry’ conditions. The activation energies were also in good agreement.
The General Surgeon's Quandary: Atypical Lipomatous Tumor vs Lipoma, Who Needs a Surgical Oncologist?

Background Differentiating large lipomas from atypical lipomatous tumors (ALT) is challenging, and preoperative management guidelines are not well defined. The diagnostic ambiguity leads many surgeons to refer all patients with large lipomatous masses to an oncologic specialist, perhaps unnecessarily. Study Design In this retrospective cohort study of patients with nonretroperitoneal lipomatous tumors, preoperative characteristics discernible without invasive diagnostic procedures were evaluated for diagnostic predictive value. Results We identified 319 patients (256 with lipomas, 63 with ALTs) treated between 1994 and 2012. Patients with ALTs were older (60.5 vs 53.5 years, p Conclusions Characteristics of lipomatous masses associated with a diagnosis of ALT include patient age ≥55 years, tumor size ≥10 cm, previous resection, and extremity location (vs torso). These easily identifiable traits may guide surgical management or referral to a specialist.
Self-repairing of composites

If the most important problem restraining polymer usage is damage and the inability to control it, predict, detect it it, then the solution is self repair of the composites. In order to be self -repairing, a healing chemical is stored in hollow fiber or vessels embedded in the polymer matrix. When the composite cracks, the crack progresses cracking the repair fiber, or bead. The healing chemical flows into the crack and the crack faces are rebonded. Also the fiber can be rebonded to the matrix or delaminations repaired with the adhesive. This research focuses on factors affecting repair so that it will be reliable and not as unpredictable as the polymer matrix itself.
Testing hypotheses about medical test accuracy: considerations for design and inference

Developing new medical tests and identifying single biomarkers or panels of biomarkers with superior accuracy over existing classifiers promotes lifelong health of individuals and populations. Before a medical test can be routinely used in clinical practice, its accuracy within diseased and non-diseased populations must be rigorously evaluated. We introduce a method for sample size determination for studies designed to test hypotheses about medical test or biomarker sensitivity and specificity. We show how a sample size can be determined to guard against making type I and/or type II errors by calculating Bayes factors from multiple data sets simulated under null and/or alternative models. The approach can be implemented across a variety of study designs, including investigations into one test or two conditionally independent or dependent tests. We focus on a general setting that involves non-identifiable models for data when true disease status is unavailable due to the nonexistence of or undesirable side...
A STRUCTURATION THEORY OF INTERORGANIZATIONAL COORDINATION: CASES IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Previous research, at once more abstract and more concrete, has neglected the intermediate level of interorganizational coordination (IOC): coordination structures. This theory of IOC identifies coordination structures, ranging from the liaison to markets and interorganizational networks, at various levels of organizational generality and complexity. Coordination structures invoke informal and formal links, based on hierarchy (command), market (exchange), or association‐solidarity (trust). IOC and its related coordination structures are the result of organizations' perceiving their interdependence. IOC cases in environmental management illustrate the theory and its implications for organizational analysis and institutional design.