cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of glycosylation. The influence of protein structure on N-linked oligosaccharide processing.

Abstract The Sindbis virus glycoproteins, E1 and E2, comprise a useful model system for evaluating the effects of local protein structure on the processing of N-linked oligosaccharides by Golgi enzymes. The conversion of oligomannose to N-acetyllactosamine (complex) oligosaccharides is hindered to different extents at the four glycosylation sites, so that the complex/oligomannose ratio decreases in the order E1-Asn139 greater than E2-Asn196 greater than E1-Asn245 greater than E2-Asn318. The processing steps most susceptible to interference were deduced from the oligosaccharide compositions at hindered sites in virus from baby hamster kidney cells (BHK), chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF), and normal and hamster sarcoma virus (HSV)-transformed hamster fibroblasts (Nil-8). Persistence of Man6-9GlcNAc2 was taken to indicate interference with alpha 2-mannosidase(s) I (alpha-mannosidase I), Man5GlcNAc2, with UDP-GlcNAc:alpha-D-mannoside beta 1----2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GlcNAc transferase I), and unbisected hybrid glycans, with GlcNAc transferase I-dependent alpha 3(alpha 6)-mannosidase (alpha-mannosidase II). Taken together, the results indicate that all four sites acquire a precursor oligosaccharide with equally high efficiency, but alpha-mannosidase I, GlcNAc transferase I, and alpha-mannosidase II are all impeded at E2-Asn318 and, to a lesser extent, at E1-Asn245. In contrast, sialic acid and galactose transfer to hybrid glycans (in BHK cells) is virtually quantitative even at E2-Asn318. E2-Asn318 carried no complex oligosaccharides, but the structures of those at E1-Asn245 indicate almost complete GlcNAc transfer by UDP-GlcNAc:alpha-D-mannoside beta 1----2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (GlcNAc transferase II), galactosylation, and sialylation. Because the E2-Asn318 and E1-Asn245 glycans have previously been shown to be less accessible to a steric probe than those at E2-Asn196 or E1-Asn139, a simple explanation for these results would be that alpha-mannosidase I, GlcNAc transferase I, and alpha-mannosidase II are more susceptible to steric hindrance than are the later processing steps examined. Finally, in addition to these site-specific effects, the overall extent of viral oligosaccharide processing varied with host and cellular growth status. For example, alpha-mannosidase I processing is more complete in BHK cells compared to CEF, and in confluent Nil-8 cells compared to subconfluent or HSV-transformed Nil-8 cells.
The HR 1614 Group and Hipparcos Astrometry

The evidence for the existence of the important HR 1614 supercluster and group of rare rich CN stars is examined with the use of Hipparcos astrometry. Group membership is supported by Hipparcos parallaxes except for two stars for which available evidence suggests uncertainty in the Hipparcos values.
Derivation of a DRAM memory interface by sequential decomposition

Design and synthesis of DRAM-based memory systems has been a difficult task in high-level system synthesis because of the relatively complex protocols involved. In this paper, we illustrate a method for top-down design of a DRAM memory interface using a transformational approach. Sequential decomposition of the DRAM memory interface entails extraction of a DRAM memory object from a system description that incorporates the read/write protocol and accounts for refresh cycles. We apply sequential decomposition to a non-trivial example, a formally-derived realization of the Nqthm FM9001 microprocessor specification, called DDD-FM9001. >
Integration of heterogeneous scientific data using workflows - a case study in bioinformatics

The goal of the described project is to design, implement, evaluate and deploy a suite of tools and network-based services that reliably improve productivity of research scientists by providing proactive information technology based support for their problem solving workflows. In the first phase of the project we have focused on workflow support toolset that aids bioinformatics research workflows. The architecture is based on a proactive scientific data analysis model, the latest service delivery methodologies, and the emerging semantic and context-based analysis paradigms. The key is to speed-up, robustify, and render appliance-like information technology related components of the scientific workflows.
A Pedagogical Model for Imparting the Cross-Disciplinary Communication Skills Necessary to Develop and Operate the Infrastructures of VO

Current pedagogy requires improvement in imparting the skills required to effectively function in cross-disciplinary virtual organizations. Students often have little opportunity to develop cross-disciplinary communication skills and practice application of the skills necessary to develop and operate virtual enterprises. Kent State University School of Technology faculty have created a time-lined virtual corporate environment in which the development of cross-disciplinary skills is an integral part of the curriculum. Students are required to develop the infrastructure and synthesize management techniques to facilitate strategic planning and day-to-day operation of the corporation. Students are also responsible for solving any cross-disciplinary communication issues that may arise. Students spend part of their time in the classroom and part of their time in virtual corporation cross-disciplinary meetings.
Electron-Nuclear Interaction in Antimony Metal

The field gradient at the nuclei due to the conduction electrons in antimony metal is calculated using an approximation for their wave functions in keeping with available information concerning the Fermi surface of antimony metal. It is shown that the Wannier functions for antimony can be closely approximated by a set of orthogonalized atomic orbitals (OAO) which are mixed by the noncentral terms in the one-electron Hamiltonian. The mixing of the $s$-like and $p$-like OAO is seen to be analogous to the concept of $s\ensuremath{-}p$ hybridization in the simple chemical picture of the solid. Combined with earlier calculations of the field gradient due to the ion cores, the total field gradient comes out as $eq=1998\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}$ esu/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ as compared to 1889\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{12}$ esu/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$, the experimental value of the gradient based on Hewitt and Williams's quadrupole-resonance data and Murakawa's values of the quadrupole moments of the ${\mathrm{Sb}}^{121,123}$ nuclei. In addition, we have calculated the direct contributions to the isotropic and anisotropic Knight shifts from the spins of the conduction electrons near the Fermi surface. These are found to be ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{\mathrm{iso}}=+0.07%$ and ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{\mathrm{ax}}=\ensuremath{-}0.05%$. It is hoped that when experimental values of these quantities become available in the future a comparison with the theoretical values of the direct contributions will permit an assessment of the importance of other contributors to the Knight shift such as core polarization and orbital effects.
Investigating dietary behaviours related to reducing dietary fat in the over‐45 population: a case study in the American Pacific North‐West

An exploratory and descriptive study was conducted with individuals over the age of 45 (n = 510) in three Pacific North-West states of the U.S.A. to assess consumption patterns of high-fat foods, dietary behaviours to reduce dietary fat, and selected perceptions related to dietary fat. Subjects completed a postal questionnaire. Many (56%) respondents perceived a link between dietary fat and increased risk of heart disease. Behaviours reportedly tried by many respondents to reduce dietary fat included draining grease from foods (86%), eating more fruit and vegetables (82%), trimming visible fat from meat (81%), and using lean meats (72%) and chicken (75%). Principal components factor analysis of dietary data related to the use of high-fat foods indicated four independent patterns of dietary change to reduce dietary fat: a cluster of 25 of the 29 behaviours that were listed; using low-fat milks; using skimmed milk; and draining grease from foods. Independent consumption patterns of high-fat foods included a 17-item ‘high-fat’ food pattern; 2% butterfat milk; butter; and peanut butter. Respondents who were more likely to consume the ‘high-fat’ food pattern were also less likely to have tried and maintained behaviours to reduce dietary fat. There was evidence of misconceptions about certain types of dietary fat and food sources of fat that could be addressed with nutrition education.
Boolean classifying topoi

Abstract Let λ be a finitary geometric theory and δ its classifying topos. We prove that δ is Boolean if and only if (1) every first-order formula in the language of λ is ⧸-provably equivalent to a geometric formula and (2) for any finite list of varibles, x , there are, up to ⧸-provable equivalence, only finitely many formulas, in the language of λ with free variables among x . We use this characterization to show that, when δ is Boolean, it is an atomic topos and can be viewed as a finite coproduct of topoi of continuous G -sets for topological groups G satisfying a certain finiteness condition.
Crop physiology calibration in the CLM

Abstract. Farming is using more of the land surface, as population increases and agriculture is increasingly applied for non-nutritional purposes such as biofuel production. This agricultural expansion exerts an increasing impact on the terrestrial carbon cycle. In order to understand the impact of such processes, the Community Land Model (CLM) has been augmented with a CLM-Crop extension that simulates the development of three crop types: maize, soybean, and spring wheat. The CLM-Crop model is a complex system that relies on a suite of parametric inputs that govern plant growth under a given atmospheric forcing and available resources. CLM-Crop development used measurements of gross primary productivity (GPP) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) from AmeriFlux sites to choose parameter values that optimize crop productivity in the model. In this paper, we calibrate these parameters for one crop type, soybean, in order to provide a faithful projection in terms of both plant development and net carbon exchange. Calibration is performed in a Bayesian framework by developing a scalable and adaptive scheme based on sequential Monte Carlo (SMC). The model showed significant improvement of crop productivity with the new calibrated parameters. We demonstrate that the calibrated parameters are applicable across alternative years and different sites.
Review: Laparoscopic fundoplication is better than medical management for some quality-of-life measures in GERD

Source Citation Wileman SM, McCann S, Grant AM, Krukowski ZH, Bruce J. Medical versus surgical management for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(3...
Flexural strength of provisional crown and fixed partial denture resins

Abstract Statement of Problem. Provisional prostheses are subject to flexure under function. Selection of the appropriate material for their fabrication is difficult given the limited evidence-based information on the flexural strength of provisional resins. Purpose. This study compared the flexural strength of 5 methacrylate-based resins and 8 bis-acryl resins used to fabricate provisional crowns and fixed partial dentures. Material and Methods. Bar-type specimens were fabricated according to American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association specification 27. After being immersed in artificial saliva at 37°C for 10 days, the specimens were fractured under 3-point loading in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.75 mm/min. Maximal loads to fracture in Newtons were recorded. Mean flexural strengths were calculated in MPa (n = 10 per group). Comparisons were made with analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test ( P Results. Mean flexural strengths ranged from 56.2 to 123.6 MPa. There were 4 statistically similar groups. The group with the highest strengths consisted of 4 bis-acryl materials (Provipont, Integrity, Protemp 3 Garant, and Luxatemp). Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, flexural strengths were material- rather than category-specific. Some, but not all, bis-acryl resins demonstrated significantly superior flexural strength over traditional methacrylate resins. (J Prosthet Dent 2002;87:225-8.)
Intense Green Luminescence From 20 000 Pixel Arrays of $ \hbox{Al/Al}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$ Microplasma Devices With Parabolic Cross-Sectional Cavities

Self-patterned Al2O3/Al microplasma devices with phosphor-coated, parabolic cross-sectional microcavities have been operated in Ne/Xe gas mixtures at pressures up to 700 torr. Arrays comprising 20 000 devices (200 times 100) having 140-mum-diameter emitting apertures produce a green luminance of 1900 cd/m2 when operated in a Ne/30% Xe mixture at 500 torr.
Making waves useful: Improving epileptiform activity recognition using energy criteria

The existing programming tools do not combine the attributes of easy to use and affordability. The existing procedures for spike detection consist mostly of sequences of tasks such as manual data preparation, followed by the use of multiple software packages (for example, from a commercial EEG recording program into MATLAB). The programming tool presented was developed to overcome these two major disadvantages. The system performs high-resolution external recordings of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. The research goal was to propose an epileptiform activity (EFA) detection method that combines traditional task with energy criteria. The method uses EFA descriptors based on EEG recordings to produce formulas that can be applied for fast and automated EFA detection. An easy to use programming package was developed to demonstrate the proposed method.
Experimental and Modeling Study of the Strength Properties of Clay−Starch Composite Filled Papers

To increase the filler content in paper without sacrificing paper properties, clay−starch composites, made from a simple precipitation method, were used in papermaking. Compared to untreated clay, the clay−starch composite filled paper improved paper tensile strength up to 100−200%. Contrary to untreated clays that usually reduce the ZDT (z-directional tensile strength) of papers, the clay−starch composite actually increases the ZDT. The significant improvements in the paper strengths are attributed to the formation of a fiber−starch−filler sandwich structure, which avoids direct contact between filler and fiber. The specific shear bond strengths (expressed as specific bond strengths) between fillers and fibers were measured and used as the main variables for the modeling. It was also found that the fiber−fiber specific strength is weaker than the fiber−starch specific bond strength. The tensile strength (expressed as breaking length) was modeled by using a modified Page equation. The experimental results...
Community pharmacists' subjective workload and perceived task performance: a human factors approach.

Abstract Objective To measure the association of three categories of community pharmacists’ subjective workload with perceived performance in pharmacists’ tasks. Design Cross-sectional descriptive study. Setting Wisconsin, September 2009. Participants 224 Wisconsin community pharmacists. Intervention Web-based or mailed survey. Main outcome measures Self-reported workload in task-, job-, and organization-related categories and their association with perceived performance on completing a profile review, checking the accuracy of a prescription, and providing a patient consultation for a new medication. Results Multivariate regression analysis showed that performing a profile review was positively associated with monitoring demands (reacting quickly to prevent problems) and significantly negatively associated with external task demands (interruptions, rushing). The task of verifying prescription accuracy was positively associated with monitoring demands and negatively associated with volume demands (having enough time to get work done). Patient consultation performance was positively associated with cognitive (using skills and knowledge) and monitoring demands and negatively associated with external demands. Conclusion These findings revealed the importance of measuring workload demands after separating the demands into categories and that different work demands are associated with performance of different tasks. As a result, no one solution will improve performance, and specific work environments must be considered when crafting solutions.
Design of Construction Industry Information Management Systems

Effective management of construction projects depends on good access to and control of data, especially data pertaining to cost and schedule control functions. Long recognizing the need to integrate these interrelated functions, researchers have proposed conceptual models to achieve this purpose. However, the proper design of an automated solution that would support the needs of integrated cost and schedule control and provide distributed access to data for different processing needs has been lacking. The purpose of this paper is to show how such an automated solution (represented by a data storage model) was properly designed and developed. The data storage model is developed using the first three steps of the process used to model engineering problems. The first step, problem definition, was accomplished using the work packaging model to solve the integration problem and by using data collection forms developed by R. S. Means Company to identify what data items are collected in cost and schedule control...
Signal Enhancement and Elimination of Water-Vapor Interference in Fourier-Transformed Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Powdered Plant Materials:

A simple and efficient method to enhance the Fourier-transformed infrared photoacoustic signal from powdered samples of plant materials is described. The increase in signal strength appears to be inversely related to the rate of absorption of added water by the dry cellulose, starch, lignin, and hemicellulose of the plant. The method also provides an accurate and convenient technique for obtaining photoacoustic infrared spectra of powdered plant materials free of interference from incidental water vapor in the sample. A hypothesis to account for the nonlinear behavior of the interference is proposed.
A comparison of experimental and computational results for 5 and 10 degree cones at high Mach numbers

Experiments were performed on 5 and 10 deg slender cones at a velocity of approximately 5 km/sec in the NASA-Ames ballistic ranges. The flowfields for the cones were computed using ideal-gas and chemical nonequilibrium-air parabolized Navier-Stokes codes. Experimentally determined drag coefficients and shock shapes are compared with the results of the computer codes. Both the flight-data analysis methods and the computational codes are examined to achieve the most meaningful comparison. Under the conditions of the experiments, skin-friction drag makes up approximately 50 percent of the total drag for the 5 deg cone and 30 percent of the total drag for the 10 deg cone. Computed drag coefficients of the 10 deg cone agree well with the experimental values; predictions fall below the experimental values for the 5 deg cone.
Development of a neuromuscular blocking procedure for heart rate conditioning in immobilized pigeons.

Pharmacological neuromuscular blockade has been used for some years in behavioral experiments to eliminate somatomotor responding. However, such blockade has other pharmacological actions, particularly on the autonomic nervous system, that confound its use in such experiments. The present study develops an immobilization procedure for the pigeon that allows heart rate conditioning with acquisition rates and response dynamics equivalent to those of non-immobilized animals. Part I describes preliminary screening of four classes of blocking agents: curariform, depolarizing, steroidal, and a blocker of excitation-contraction coupling. None alone were satisfactory in inducing and maintaining immobilization free of undesirable cardiovascular effects. However, these experiments led to a promising regimen in which immobilization was induced with pancuronium bromide and maintained with pancuronium and gallamine triethiodide. Part II describes this regimen and presents conditioning data showing that, for a majority of immobilized animals, conditioned heart rate change differed in no respect from that of non-immobilized controls. Moreover, there were no differences between immobilized and non-immobilized sensitization groups, and baseline heart rates neither differed among groups nor changed over training.
Stable band set selection for the preprocessing of AVIRIS and Hyperion hyperspectral data

ABSTRACT Preprocessing of AVIRIS and Hyperion hyperspectral data is a challenging and time consuming process. A significant portion of this preprocessing effort is related to the removal of specific bands for the selection of an optimal band set. Bad bands are characterized by criteria such as noise and low responsivity. Noise is the interference resulting from atmospheric absorption phenomena and may be sensor generated. Responsivity refers to the bands representing wavelengths near the extremes of the sensors focal plane(s). This research streamlines the preprocessing flow, thus minimizing production time and effort. In addition, this overview will help to expand the user community beyond remote sensing experts and facilitate the accessibility of hyperspectral data to application experts in various fields. This will be accomplished by improving the end users understanding of the preprocessing steps and their ability to interpret these data types. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview This guide provides Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) and Hyperion data users with an overview of the fundamentals of hyperspectral data preprocessing. Two different hyperspectral sensors were selected to provide an example of both airborne and spaceborne instrument idiosyncrasies that sometimes make it difficult to understand and use the data. We present introductory background information in this guide to provide users with the knowledge necessary to make informed decisions when selecting an optimal band set. In general, this is accomplished by removing bad bands that are inherent in the collection of continuous spectrum data. This research focuses on identifying bad bands associated with low responsivity and atmospheric interference. 1.2 Responsivity and detectablity A sensor is designed to record data from a specific spectral range. The ratio of electrical energy output being produced by the sensor in response to the optical input of the electromagnetic energy is defined as the responsivity. Typically, responsivity is low at the extreme ends of the sensors focal planes. For the Hyperion sensor this is true for both focal planes. In most cases, a valid product will have the channels of extremely low response set to zero. The sensor performance depends on the overall signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or detectivity (D*). This is the ratio between the energy of the incoming optical signal and the background noise. This noise is most often due to photon interactions within the atmosphere but can also be attributed to the sensors design limitations. 1.3 Atmospheric interference Primarily, one of the drawbacks when using an imaging spectrometer is the presence of data that has been affected by noise. Most sensors are designed to collect data within spectral windows of the electromagnetic spectrum that are not greatly affected by absorption issues. For example, electro-magnetic (EM) radiation between wavelengths 759.5 and 765.5 nanometers is absorbed due to oxygen molecules (O
Utility of Doppler Tissue Imaging-Derived Indices in Identifying Subclinical Systolic Ventricular Dysfunction in Children With Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is characterized by irreversible diastolic dysfunction with preserved systolic function. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of impaired ventricular contractility even in the presence of normal ejection fraction (EF) in children with RCM. Longitudinal Doppler tissue velocities were obtained from apical 4-chamber view at three locations—the left-ventricular (LV) lateral wall, the septum, and the right ventricle—in 8 children age 3–17 years old with RCM who had LV EF >55%. Peak systolic velocity (S′), acceleration during isovolumic contraction (IVA), and myocardial performance index (MPI) were measured. Data from the RCM group were compared with those from 24 age- and sex-matched controls. Both S′ and IVA were markedly lower at the septum (S′ 6.2 ± 1.7 vs. 9.2 ± 1.6, P < 0.001; IVA 1.8 ± 0.5 vs. 3.9 ± 1.5, P < 0.001). MPI, a measure of both diastolic and systolic function, was statistically significantly greater in the RCM group at all 3 locations (P < 0.005). S′ and IVA identify global subclinical systolic dysfunction in RCM with normal EF. These findings suggest that pre-ejection abnormality and subclinical systolic dysfunction coexist with diastolic dysfunction in children with RCM.
The International Monetary Fund's International Financial Statistics Database

The International Monetary Fund's (IMF) International Financial Statistics (IFS) database is one of several databases offered by the IMF. Providing detailed country financial data, this is an onlin...
A prospective assessment of the surface collection for estimating exposure

Abstract Previous studies have examined the utility of measuring the embedded 210 Po in solid materials as an indicator of long-term 222 Rn exposure. However, in those studies, existing surfaces were employed. In this prospective study, pairs of glass surfaces were placed in homes around the United States along with an LR-115-II-etched track radon detector for each piece of glass. A subset of these glass samples has been analyzed for 210 Po activity. The results of measurements on a subset of samples are presented. The independent 222 Rn measurements are compared with the 210 Po measurements and a relationship is obtained between the two results using a model for the accumulation of activity within an enclosed space. The data are interpreted in terms of (a) the usefulness of the 210 Po measurements as a long-term 222 Rn detector and (b) the value of a new interpretation scheme to make retrospective assessments of the 222 Rn exposure within rooms.
Four and Six-Year Baccalaureate Degree Completion by Institutional Characteristics and Racial/Ethnic Groups

This study examined how institutional and environmental attributes of the undergraduate institution facilitate or impede African American, Asian American, Caucasian, and Mexican American students' baccalaureate degree attainment four and six years after college entry. The primary data source for this study was generated from a national survey of 63,640 first-time full-time freshman undergraduates at 303 colleges and universities. Variables that predict uniformly for all four groups include school grades (positive), on campus residence (positive), private control (positive), institutional size (negative), institutional selectivity (positive), and peer socioeconomic level (positive). Once these variables are controlled, standardized test scores add very little to the prediction of degree completion. Consistent with stated hypotheses, all five structural dimensions of the institution—mission, size, quality/selectivity, complexity/diversity, and wealth—affect degree completion.
Do “New Immigrants” Become “New Minorities”?: The Meaning of Ethnic Minority for Indochinese Refugees in the United States:

The term “new immigrants” describes the Asians, Latin Americans, and Caribbeans who have arrived in the United States since the liberalization of immigration laws in 1965. Sociologists have begun u...
Quo Vidas, professor

During the past 5 years Academic Computing Services (ACS) at the University of Colorado Boulder (UCB) has progressed through evolving support structures for faculty microcomputing. Each step was unique and timely. Each lead to the next. Each became more specialized yet met the needs of an expanding audience. Chronologically, the programs started with a broad scope and a narrow audience, then progressed to narrower scopes with broader audiences.1983 The Faculty PC Program1984 Microcomputer Applications Classes1984 The PC Maintenance Center1986 The Instructional Grant Program1987 The DISC Center1988 Quo Vidas?
Dependence of product alignment on product vibration for the Ca + F2 chemiluminescent reaction

Abstract The product polarization for the beam-gas chemiluminescent reaction Ca( 1 S 0 ) + F 2 → CaF(B 2 ζ + )+ F is found to be vary by more than a factor of two over the BX band system. This reveals a strong dependence of CaF(B) state alignment on vibrational level.
Portable wastewater treatment systems: integration into army missions

This project’s main focus is to perform a feasibility study of existing wastewater treatment technologies and methods which can be minimally altered in order to be integrated into the Army Force Provider system (1). The US Army is the most accomplished fighting force in the world and the key to its successes are the soldiers who risk their lives every day for their country. There is a constant push for innovation and improvement on technologies that would help protect the men and women serving at home and overseas. Base camps now have the ability to be almost completely self-sustainable for extended periods of time. One of the aspects that prevent base camp self-sustainability is the challenge of disposing of wastewater. The integration of portable wastewater treatment technologies into the Army Force Provider system would greatly increase the sustainability of base camps and the security of military missions at home and abroad.
High‐energy radiation belt electrons from CRAND

A calculation of the inner radiation belt electron source from cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND) is described. High-energy electrons are included by Lorentz-transforming the β decay spectrum from the neutron rest frame to the Earth's rest frame and combining with the known high-energy albedo neutron energy spectrum. Balancing the electron source with energy loss to atmospheric neutral atoms and plasma, and with a decay lifetime representative of plasma wave scattering, then provides an estimate of trapped electron intensity. It is well below measured values for low energies, confirming that CRAND is not a significant source of those trapped electrons. For kinetic energies above the maximum β decay energy (E > 0.8 MeV) a power law energy spectrum ∼E−4 is predicted. For L = 1.5 and E≳2 MeV the computed omnidirectional trapped electron intensity exceeds an extrapolation of the measured low-energy exponential energy spectrum.
Time-clustering-based place prediction for wireless subscribers

Many of today's applications such as cellular network management, prediction and control of the spread of biological and mobile viruses, etc., depend on the modeling and prediction of human locations. However, having widespread wireless localization technology, such as pervasive cell-tower/GPS location estimation available for only the last few years, many factors that impact human mobility patterns remain under researched. Further more, many industries including telecom providers are still in need of low-cost and simple location/place prediction methods that can be implemented on a large scale. In this paper, we focus on "temporal factors" and demonstrate that they significantly impact randomness, size, and probability distribution of people's movements. We also use this information to make simple and inexpensive prediction models for subscribers' visited places. We monitored individuals for a month and divided days and hours into segments for each user to obtain probability distribution of their places for each segment of time intervals and observed major improvement in future "time-based" predictions of their location compared to when temporal factors were not considered. In addition to quantifying the improvement in place prediction, we show that significant improvements can actually be achieved through an intuitive division of time intervals with no added computational complexity.
A kinetic study of iron release from Azotobacter vinelandii bacterial ferritin

Abstract The kinetics of iron release from Azotobacter vinelandii bacterial ferritin (AVBF) was measured by reduction of core iron with S 2 O 4 2− followed by chelation of Fe 2+ with α, α-bipyridine (bipy). The rate was first order in AVBF and one half order in S 2 O 4 2− , suggesting that SO 2 − is the active reductant formed by S 2 O 4 2− = 2SO 2 − . With zero-order conditions for tithionie and bipy, two consecutive first-order iron release reactions differing by a factor of about 14 were observed with rate constants of 0.0263 and 0.00184 sec −1 , respectively, at 25°C and pH 7.0. The faster reaction corresponded to the loss of 1433 iron atoms (91%) and the slower second reaction corresponded to loss of 145 (9%) of the original 1575 iron atoms present. The first reaction increased about twofold with pH variation between 6.5 and 8.0, whereas the second reaction was unchanged in the pH range 5.5–8. Both dramatically increased at pH 5.0. Methyl viologen increased the rate of both reactions about tenfold. The biphasic behavior for iron loss is interpreted as two different populations of iron atoms present in the core of AVBF, the first representing the bulk iron, and the second a group of unique iron atoms released last which may represent iron attached to the interior of the protein shell or iron associated with the heme groups. Kinetic stopped-flow measurements show that the heme is first reduced, followed by reduction of the core iron by reduced heme, suggesting an electron transfer role for heme in AVBF function.
Spermine and spermidine mediate protection against oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide

The polyamines spermidine and spermine have been hypothesized to possess different functions in the protection of DNA from reactive oxygen species. The growth and survival of mouse fibroblasts unable to synthesize spermine were compared to their normal counterparts in their native and polyamine-depleted states in response to oxidative stress. The results of these studies suggest that when present at normal or supraphysiological concentrations, either spermidine or spermine can protect cells from reactive oxygen species. However, when polyamine pools are pharmacologically manipulated to produce cells with low levels of predominately spermine or spermidine, spermine appears to be more effective. Importantly, when cells are depleted of both glutathione and endogenous polyamines, they exhibit increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide as compared to glutathione depletion alone, suggesting that polyamines not only play a role in protecting cells from oxidative stress but this role is distinct from that played by glutathione.
Strange Instinct of Fear in the Orang

THE following circumstance which occurred at the Zoo on Sunday last, and was witnessed by Mr. W. E. de Winton and myself, is perhaps worth putting on record.
Hypertension after liver transplantation: A predictive role for pretreatment hemodynamics and effects of isradipine on the systemic and renal circulations

Abstract Hypertension developing after liver transplantation during immunosuppression with cyclosporine A reflects an unusual hemodynamic transition from peripheral vasodilation to systemic and renal vasoconstriction. Although dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are often administered for their efficacy in promoting vasodilation, some liver transplant recipients report marked symptomatic intolerance to these agents. In the present study we examined systemic and renal responses to isradipine using systemic (thoracic bioimpedance) and renal hemodynamic measurements in 15 liver transplant recipients studied at the time of initial diagnosis of posttransplant hypertension and after 3 months of treatment. Circadian blood pressure patterns were examined by overnight ambulatory blood pressure monitoring before and during antihypertensive therapy. During isradipine administration, blood pressure decreased from 151 ± 3/91 ± 2 to 130 ± 3/81 ± 2 mm Hg (P
The Effects of Understaffing on Individual and Group Performance in Professional and Trade Occupations

Drawing on prior research on staffing sufficiency theory, we hypothesized that individuals working in understaffed groups would experience higher levels of perceived task scope and utilization of skills, and that these task perceptions would lead to higher levels of organizational commitment and work performance. Data were gathered from 684 workers from 160 blue-collar groups and 55 white-collar groups. Our path analyses indicated that moderate levels of understaffing were associated with higher levels of task perceptions and commitment for both blue-collar and white-collar individuals. But only for the white-collar sample did task perceptions, in turn, lead to higher performance. At the group level of analysis, however, understaffing was associated with lower levels of group performance. We suggest that these findings have important implications for organizations and departments that are considering structural downsizing.
A mechanochemical hypothesis for bone remodeling induced by mechanical stress.

A new mechanism is presented to explain how increased or decreased mechanical stresses applied to bone are translated into osteoblastic and/or osteoclastic activity. A mechano-chemical hypothesis for bone remodeling induced by mechanical stress is presented in an attempt to explain this phenomenon. Bone responds to mechanical stress by differential growth so as to resist the applied stress; therefore mechanically induced bone remodeling is probably regulated by a negative feedback system. The hypothesis is that a change in the loading of bone results in an altered straining of the hydroxyapatite crystals in bone. This in turn alters the solubility of the crystals, providing the required negative feedback message to the bone cells in the form of a mechanically induced chemical change. The cells then take appropriate action to compensate for the alteration in the localized calcium activity either by building up bone to redistribute an increased stress, or by removing bone which is surplus to the structural needs imposed by a reduced stress. In order to test the hypothesis, synthetic hydroxyapatite crystals were stressed and changes in calcium ion activity were recorded from a divalent cation activity electrode. The results show that a mechanochemical effect can be detected in hydroxyapatite crystals which, when stressed, generate a calcium activity of 9×10−5 moles/l compared to 7×10−5 moles/l when unstressed. The experimental results in this study and evidence from cellular physiology are consistent with the mechanochemical hypothesis proposed here.
Childhood embryonal carcinoma of testes

Abstract Aggressive combined therapy for pediatric ennbryonal carcinoma of the testis appears to be warranted. The use of cycled eheinotherapy has a place in treatment o f this disease even in patients with a negative lyinphadenectomy.
Heterogeneous detonation supported by fuel fogs or films

Experimental results on the propagation of detonations in decane fogs (∼2μ) and detonations along layers of decane or hexadecane on the walls of tubes filled with gaseous oxygen are presented. The effect of fuel-to-oxygen mixture ratio and tube diameter on the detonation velocity is investigated. Self-sustaining detonation of decane fogs propagates at near Chapman-Jouguet velocities. The thickness of the reaction zone is estimated from the detonation velocity in various size tubes to be 4 times the thickness of gas-phase detonations. The process of transition to detonation in fogs is found to be similar to gaseous detonations. Self-sustaining detonation of a layer of decane or hexadecane on the walls of a tube containing oxygen propagates at 2.2 to 1.0 mm/μsec depending upon the mixture ratio and tube diameter. This corresponds to a Mach number of 6.75 to 3.1, respectively. No rich limit exists; rather, a plateau velocity is reached where an increase in the thickness of the fuel layer does not influence the propagation velocity. Under certain conditions, frozen layers of hexadecane exhibit detonation velocities nearly twice as fast as that observed when the layer is in liquid form.
Inducible proteins binding to the murine thymidine kinase promoter in late G1/S phase.

Abstract By performing DNase I footprint and band-shift analyses of a 170-base-pair region of the murine thymidine kinase promoter, we identified an inducible DNA binding activity that we named Yi. Yi binding activity was not detected in G0 and G1 extracts, but it was observed as cells crossed the G1/S boundary. Yi proteins bind specifically to a consensus sequence (CCCNCNNNCT) found at three distinct sites in this promoter region. We also observed a murine Sp1 binding activity that was constitutive throughout the cell cycle. We propose that the G1/S-specific Yi binding is important for murine thymidine kinase gene regulation and perhaps also for initiation of DNA synthesis.
Immediate reports of GRBs in progress from HETE

The High Energy Transient Experiment (HETE) will be able to perform multiwavelength observations ofγ-ray and X-ray bursts. HETE will potentially be able to localizeγ-ray bursts to a precision of ∼20 arc-minutes if significant X-ray flux is detected from the burst; a precision of ∼20 arc-seconds is possible if there is also significant UV radiation from the burst. HETE will broadcast information about bursts detected within seconds of their detection. This VHF-band broadcast will be received at a number of secondary ground stations (SGS) dedicated to HETE, and forwarded to a central distribution site at MIT, from which it is sent to interested observers via Internet.
Between African-American and European: Kenny Clarke's musical migrations

Constrained by racism and increasing white ownership of the music industry in the United States, African-American jazz drummer Kenny Clarke exited the New York jazz scene for Paris in 1956. Clarke's migration not only represented social freedom but also creative freedom. Through his mentorship of French artists and his work to universalize jazz beyond the authority of just African-American musicians, Clarke signified blackness and Europeaness. In the process of his migration, musicianship and mentorship, Clarke used jazz to meld African-American culture with the music, culture and socio-political concerns of European musicians and fans. This paper argues that even though he was not born in Europe or colonized by European countries, Kenny Clarke and other exiled African-American artists offer an alternative narrative to the negotiation between being black and European.
Phase II Trial of Induction Gemcitabine and Carboplatin Followed by Conformal Thoracic Radiation to 74 Gy with Weekly Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Unresectable Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Introduction: The survival for patients with locally advanced, unresectable non-small cell lung cancer receiving standard of care concomitant chemoradiation remains disappointingly low. A reduction in both local and distant recurrence is needed to improve patients' outcome. Performing molecular studies on serially collected tumor specimens may result in a better selection of therapeutic options. Methods: We conducted a phase II single-institution trial of two cycles of induction chemotherapy with gemcitabine and carboplatin followed by high-dose conformal radiation concomitant with weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin in 39 patients. The trial required a dedicated tumor biopsy before treatment initiation. In addition, tumor biopsies were requested, if safely feasible, before initiation of chemoradiation and 2 months after completion all therapy. Results: Induction chemotherapy was well tolerated, and 38 patients proceeded with chemoradiation. The mean delivered radiation dose was 70.2 Gy, 23 patients received the full dose of 74 Gy, and 19 patients completed all treatment on schedule without dose reductions or delays. Median overall and progression-free survivals were 22.7 and 14.3 months, respectively. A total of 82 procedures, including 46 transthoracic core needle biopsies, were performed. Thirteen patients had all three serial tumor biopsies. Three of these procedures resulted in complications that required an intervention; all for the treatment of a biopsy-induced pneumothorax. Conclusions: We conclude that induction gemcitabine/carboplatin followed by concurrent paclitaxel/carboplatin with conformal radiation to 74 Gy is safe and tolerable with promising efficacy. We demonstrated that dedicated and serial tumor collections are safe, feasible, and acceptable for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
Surgical Repair of a Celiac Axis Aneurysm and Renal Oncocytoma: A Single Case Report

Visceral artery aneurysms are unusual lesions. However the frequency of diagnosis has increased in recent years as a result of increased utilization of arteriogram and computed tomographic (CT) scan. When diagnosed in conjunction with other syndromes, alternative treatment options can be utilized. The present case discusses a 67-year-old black male who presented with a right renal mass and a celiac artery aneurysm. The renal mass was diagnosed as an oncocytoma. This unique anatomy enabled us to perform a right nephrectomy in conjunction with a celiac artery aneurysmectomy with primary anastomosis between the right renal artery and common hepatic artery. This case demonstrates our approach to an unusual problem.
Failure modes in surface micromachined microelectromechanical actuation systems

Abstract In order for the rapidly emerging field of MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) to meet its extraordinary expectations regarding commercial impact, issues pertaining to how they fail must be understood. We identify and address failure modes common to a broad range of MEMS actuation systems, including adhesion (stiction) and friction-induced failures caused by improper operational methods, mechanical instabilities, and electrical instabilities. Demonstrated methods to mitigate these failure modes include implementing optimized designs, model-based operational methods, and chemical surface treatments.
Immunohistochemical characterization of NPY and substance P containing nerve terminals in aged and diabetic human sympathetic ganglia.

To compare the neuropeptide specificity of dystrophic axon formation in aging versus diabetic human sympathetic ganglia we have immunohisto-chemically characterized neuropeptide Y (NPY) and substance P containing intraganglionic nerve terminals. Prevertebral superior mesenteric but not paravertebral superior cervical ganglia developed markedly swollen NPY containing axonal termini with both aging and diabetes. Substance P containing nerve terminals failed to develop dystrophic changes. Selective loss of classes of nerve terminals may result in discrete functional sequellae.
Identification of the terminus of nascent f2 bacteriophage RNA.

PREVIOUS studies have identified the 5′ terminus of several bacteriophage RNAs, including f2, as pppGp1–3. A number of other experiments using phage RNA and fragments derived therefrom as messenger in an in vitro amino-acid incorporating system have led to the suggestion that the viral coat protein is encoded near this 5′ end3–6. This interpretation depends on assumptions made about the translation of fragmented RNA or the causes of differential rates of protein synthesis from different cistrons in vitro.