cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synchronization of Nonverbal Behaviors in Detecting Mediated and Non-mediated Deception

Videoconferencing (VC) is changing the way people communicate in a variety of fields including education, medicine, business, and even interpersonal relationships. In this study, we investigate the effects of the modality of communication, whether through face-to-face (FtF) or VC, on the ability of interactants to develop and maintain nonverbal synchrony. This study is an analysis of 101 interviews between students and professional interviewers in which some of the participants were induced to cheat on a task with a confederate. The results revealed that the VC modality hampered the interactional synchrony of the dyads, especially during the phases of questioning when suspicion-inducing or accusatory questioning was used. For global ratings of synchrony, the greatest impact of modality was for participants whose lies were not sanctioned by the interviewer, suggesting that the VC modality negatively affected the most skilled deceivers. In addition, interactional synchrony improved in the final, accusatory, phase of the interview when subjects confessed, particularly in the FtF modality. The effects of the interviewer and the question type are also discussed.
Middle East Aptian rudist-foraminiferal-algal associations and their possible modern Arabian Gulf analogue

Abstract The depositional history of the rudist-dominated facies of the Shu'aiba Formation of the Arabianpeninsula may be best understood by studying a possible analogue such as the Great Pearl Bank Barrier, located on the southern flanks of the Arabian Gulf. The favourable hydrocarbon reservoir properties of the Shu'aiba carbonates are primarily attributed to the presence of the rudists and their associated debris, which accumulated along the margins of an intra-shelf basin. The possibly fault-based rudist banks caused differentiation of an earlier carbonate platform into lagoon, back-bank, bank, fore-bank and open marine environments. Understanding of the orientation of these banks has been significantly assisted by micropalaeontological analysis of the rudist-associated sediment, but may be enhanced by the study of extant large bivalves, such as the constratal “fan mussel” Pinna spp. The Great Pearl Bank Barrier is a submarine ridge that extends for approximately 200km between the Qatar peninsula and Abu Dhabi in the southern Arabian Gulf, and is located in water depths of less than 8 m. This prominent, possibly fault-controlled, submarine feature consists primarily of bivalve shells, sands and mud, in which are embedded locally dense populations of the large bivalve species Pinna bicolor Gmelin and P. muricata Linnaeus , that may serve as Recent counterparts for the extinct Aptian constratal elevator rudists.
A high-yield method for generating mass-transfer gradients in elastomer microfluidics using impermeable capillaries

We demonstrated a robust, inexpensive method for fabricating high-throughput gas gradient generation devices which combined classic mass-transfer limited techniques with the versatility of elastomer microfluidics. The method allowed for dozens of replicate mass-transfer gradient experiments per day, including fabrication and assembly of devices. We demonstrated how our devices can be interfaced with microfluidics and how gradient parameters can be varied. In this work, we applied the method to characterize gradients of pH and cell viability generated in mass-transfer limited cultures of HeLa cells and observed the morphology of differentiating C2C12 myoblasts in an oxygen gradient.
Metal-nitroxyl interactions. 29. EPR studies of spin-labeled copper complexes in frozen solution

Abstract Frozen solution EPR spectra have been obtained for 12 spin-labeled copper complexes. A perturbation calculation including both exchange and dipolar interaction was used to simulate the spectra. The distances between the two spins ranged from 7.5 to 13.5 A. The absolute value of the electron-electron exchange coupling constant ranged from 0 to about 2000 × 10 −4 cm −1
Particle production in cosmic ray collisions

We show that the large multiplicities and narrow rapidity distributions of particles produced in high energy central collisions of cosmic ray nuclei are well predicted by the collective tube model. We anticipate a faster increase with energy of average multiplicities in particle collisions at energies above 1 TeV and a cross-over of the pp and πp average multiplicities.
Gender Difference in Caregiving Experience and the Importance of Social Participation and Marital Satisfaction Among Aging Mothers and Fathers of Adults With Schizophrenia

This article examines difference in caregiving experiences between fathers and mothers who have a son or a daughter with schizophrenia. We assess differences in predictors of burden, depressive symptoms, and positive psychological well-being and the stress-buffering effects of social participation and marital satisfaction. To test the hypothesized relationships, we sampled a hundred caregiving couples who were drawn from a study of aging families of adults with schizophrenia. Results show men and women to be equally vulnerable to caregiving stressors. While neither marital satisfaction nor social participation buffered the effects of stress on well-being, they each predicted positive well-being outcomes for both parents.
A commentary on the proposed DSM revision regarding the classification of cognitive disorders.

T proposed changes to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-4) category, currently labeled dementia, delirium, amnestic, and other cognitive disorders, attempts to address issues of phenomenology, severity, comorbidity, and etiology while also producing a scheme that is usable for researchers, clinicians, teachers, and administrators. In this commentary we respond to the recent draft revision of the fourth edition of the DSM-4 developed by the American Psychiatric Association. Our intent is to provide constructive recommendations to be considered in the next iteration as we move toward the DSM-5. The major guiding principle that we apply is that changes in the classification scheme should incorporate advances in knowledge and represent the conditions and patients that it is intended to differentiate. Cognitive disorders affect one or more cognitive faculties (e.g., memory alone, language alone, several combinations), present in mild or severe form (such as day-to-day functioning is unaffected, minimally affected, or clearly affected), and are associated with a range of other psychiatric symptoms (such as depression, delusions, agitation). To further complicate matters, impaired cognition can be a consequence of a wide range of injuries and situations including genetic abnormalities, toxins, metabolic derangerments, neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer disease), stroke, traumatic brain injury, or primary
Expression of Pit-1 in Nonsomatotrope Cell Lines Induces Human Growth Hormone Locus Control Region Histone Modification and hGH-N Transcription

The POU domain transcription factor Pit-1 is expressed in somatotropes, lactotropes, and thyrotropes of the anterior pituitary. Pit-1 is essential for the establishment of these lineages during development and regulates the expression of genes encoding the peptide hormones secreted by each cell type, including the growth hormone gene expressed in somatotropes. In contrast to rodent growth hormone loci, the human growth hormone (hGH) locus is regulated by a distal locus control region (LCR), which is required in cis for the proper expression of the hGH gene cluster in transgenic mice. The hGH LCR mediates a domain of histone acetylation targeted to the hGH locus that is associated with distal hGH-N activation, and the discrete determinants of this activity coincide with DNaseI hypersensitive site (HS) I of the LCR. The identification of three in vitro Pit-1 binding sites within the HS-I region suggested a model in which Pit-1 binding at HS-I initiates the chromatin modification mechanism associated with hGH LCR activity. To test this hypothesis directly and to determine whether Pit-1 expression is sufficient to confer hGH locus histone acetylation and activate hGH-N transcription from an inactive locus, we expressed Pit-1 in nonpituitary cell types. We show that Pit-1 expression established a domain of histone hyperacetylation at the LCR and hGH-N promoter in these cells similar to that observed in pituitary chromatin. This was accompanied by the activation of hGH-N transcription and an increase in intergenic and CD79b transcripts proximal to HS-I. These effects were coincident with Pit-1 occupancy at HS-I and the hGH-N promoter and were observed irrespective of the basal histone modification status of HS-I in the heterologous cell line. These findings are consistent with a role for Pit-1 as an initiating factor in hGH locus activation during somatotrope ontogeny, acting through binding sites at HS-I of the hGH LCR.
Ambivalence, guilt, and the scapegoating of minority group victims

This study dealt with denigration of black victims by white harmdoers. It was assumed that white racial attitudes tend to be ambivalent, rather than simply prejudiced, sympathetic, or indifferent. It was also assumed that ambivalence about a given group increases the likelihood of guilt arousal in encounters with members of the group, and consequent resort to guilt-reductive behavior, such as denigration. Two experiments were done. In the first, subjects were assigned the role of “instructor” and administered strong or mild electric shocks to a black or white confederate “learner as punishment for errors”. As predicted, pre- and postshock evaluations of the stimulus person showed greatest derogation in the Black Confederate-Strong Shock group. Next, the Black Confederate-Strong Shock condition was replicated, this time using subjects whose measured racial attitudes represented each of the four combinations of high or low prejudice, and high or low sympathy. As predicted, strongest derogation occurred among subjects who were both high on prejudice and high on sympathy (i.e., who were ambivalent).
Higher-order resonant power flow inside and around superdirective plasmonic nanoparticles

The optical power flow around a plasmonic particle has been a topic of research interest over the years [see e.g., Am. J. Phys.51, 323 (1983); Opt. Express13, 8372 (2005)]. Here we revisit this problem with an emphasis on higher-order resonances, and we present the theoretical results of our analysis for such power-flow distribution for plasmonic nanoparticles at their multipolar resonances. Results for the second and third orders of resonance show optical power-flow patterns that are significantly different from that of the first-order resonance inside and around plasmonic superdirective nanoparticles, with multicenter vortices, saddle points, and saddle lines and with an anomalous circulation of power resembling higher-order modes in a resonant cavity. A potential application of these optical flow patterns to trap or move a neighboring nanoparticle is also briefly suggested.
Turnout and Party Registration among Criminal Offenders in the 2008 General Election

This paper estimates the voter registration, turnout, and party registration in the 2008 general election for men with felony convictions in Florida, Georgia, Michigan, Missouri, and North Carolina. The findings indicate that turnout among felons is much lower than previous research has shown. Ex‐felon turnout in 2008 varied by state, averaging 22.2 percent. People captured and convicted for their first offense after the election voted at similarly low rates. Also contrary to the expectations of previous literature, the ex‐felon population does not seem overwhelmingly Democratic. In North Carolina and Florida, two states for which the data are available, party registration varies by race. Among registered black male ex‐felons, 71.7 percent in North Carolina and 84.2 percent in Florida are registered Democrats. Among whites, however, only 35.3 percent and 36.4 percent of ex‐felons are registered Democrats in North Carolina and Florida, respectively.
Inhibition of proliferation of cloudman S91 melanoma cells by insulin and characterization of some insulin-resistant variants.

Insulin is a potent, reversible inhibitor of proliferation in Cloudman S91 mouse melanoma cells. The inhibition seems to be unique to the Cloudman line since five other cell lines, including the mouse B16 and hamster Greene melanomas, were unaffected by insulin under the same culture conditions. Variants of Cloudman S91 cells were isolated which differed from wildtype (WT) cells in their response to insulin. Most of these variants were resistant to insulin (INSres) and had the same generation time independent of the presence of the hormone. One line (INSdep) was found to require insulin for growth. This line was about 15 times more sensitive to the proliferative effects of insulin than the WT. Revertants of the INSdep line were selected for their ability to proliferate in the absence of insulin. Five out of five such revertants were insulin resistant, suggesting that the INSdep line arose as a result of at least two separate mutations. Both WT and INSdep cells showed enhanced uptake of 14C-α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) when exposed to insulin. Dose-response curves of the stimulation of AIB uptake in WT and INSdep cells were superimposable. Stimulation of AIB uptake and stimulation of proliferation by insulin were not under coordinate control since AIB uptake was increased equally in the wild-type cells when proliferation was inhibited and in INSdep cells when proliferation was enhanced. Binding of 125I-insulin was used to demonstrate the presence of specific, high affinity insulin receptors on the cells. INSres variants generally had fewer receptors than WT, but in no case did the magnitude of this effect appear to be sufficient to explain the insensitivity to insulin. The INSdep variant showed a greater than two-fold increase in the number of insulin receptors per cell, compared to WT. Revertants of the INSdep line had the same number of receptors as WT. The specificity for both binding and for the effects on proliferation were the same in WT and INSdep cells. Since the effects of insulin on proliferation were opposite in the two lines, we propose at least two distinct sites of insulin action on the cells. Further isolation and analyses of Cloudman lines with unusual responses to insulin should be useful for understanding the molecular basis of action of this hormone.
Clinical outcome and predictors of survival and pneumonitis after stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) can achieve excellent local control rates in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has emerged as a standard treatment option for patients who cannot undergo surgery or those with isolated recurrences. However, factors that may predict toxicity or survival are largely unknown. We sought here to identify predictors of survival and pneumonitis after SABR for NSCLC in a relatively large single-institution series. Subjects were 130 patients with stage I NSCLC treated with four-dimensional computed tomography (4D CT) –planned, on-board volumetric image–guided SABR to 50 Gy in 4 fractions. Disease was staged by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and scans were obtained again at the second follow-up after SABR. At a median follow-up time of 26 months, the 2-year local control rate was 98.5%. The median overall survival (OS) time was 60 months, and OS rates were 93.0% at 1 year, 78.2% at 2 years, and 65.3% at 3 years. No patient experienced grade 4–5 toxicity; 15 had radiation pneumonitis (12 [9.3%] grade 2 and 3 [2.3%] grade 3). Performance status, standardized uptake value (SUV)max on staging PET/CT, tumor histology, and disease operability were associated with OS on univariate analysis, but only staging SUVmax was independently predictive on multivariate analysis (P = 0.034). Dosimetric factors were associated with radiation pneumonitis on univariate analysis, but only mean ipsilateral lung dose ≥9.14 Gy was significant on multivariate analysis (P = 0.005). OS and radiation pneumonitis after SABR for stage I NSCLC can be predicted by staging PET SUVmax and ipsilateral mean lung dose, respectively.
THE HARVARD TUTORIAL SYSTEM IN GERMAN

Author's Summary.— The inauguration of the comprehensive final examination at Harvard brought with it a tutorial system whereby the student should be aided to prepare for that examination. Principles and details of the Harvard program and an outline of the course of study.
A critical role of glutathione in determining apoptosis sensitivity and resistance in leukemia cells.

In chemosensitive leukemias and solid tumors, anticancer drugs have been shown to induce apoptosis. Deficiencies in the apoptotic pathways may lead to chemoresistance. Here we report that glutathione (GSH) plays a critical role in activation of apoptosis pathways by CD95 (APO-1/Fas) or anticancer drugs. Upon treatment with anticancer drugs or CD95 triggering, CD95-resistant or Bcl-xL overexpressing CEM cells were deficient in activation of apoptosis pathways. CD95-resistant and Bcl-xL overexpressing CEM cells exhibited higher intracellular GSH levels in comparison to parental cells. Downregulation of GSH by L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoxime (BSO), a specific inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, reversed deficiencies in activation of apoptosis pathways by anticancer drugs or CD95. Interestingly, downregulation of GSH by BSO increased CD95 DISC formation in type I cells. In hybrids of CD95-resistant cells with sensitive cells and hybrids of overexpressing Bcl-xL cells with sensitive cells, the phenotype of apoptosis resistance was dominant. Also, in these hybrids, downregulation of GSH reversed CD95- and chemoresistance. We conclude that dominant apoptosis resistance depends, at least in part, on intracellular GSH levels, which may affect apoptosis signaling at different compartments, for example, the death receptor or mitochondria.
A novel optical vector spectral analysis technique employing a limited-bandwidth detector

A new technique for obtaining frequency-dependent magnitude and phase information across an optical channel is presented using tunable allpass optical filters and a detector with a small bandwidth relative to the full channel width. This technique has application to optical monitoring of intersymbol interference distortions, including chromatic and polarization-mode dispersion effects, and thus can provide vector information for input to the control of adaptive optical filters. A method for generating a test signal spanning the spectrum of a modulated data signal without introducing intersymbol interference is discussed. This technique can also be used to characterize an optical pulse source and does not scale in complexity or cost as the bandwidth of the source increases.
Effectiveness of health messages to change women's thin-ideal and unhealthy weight control intentions: Connecting social norms and social networks approaches

The thin-ideal is becoming increasingly dominant among women in Eastern Asian countries such as China and South Korea. The internalization of the thin-ideal leads to body image disturbance and unhealthy weight-control behaviors. Based on the social networks and social norms approaches, this study tests the effectiveness of normative messages in reducing women's internationalization of the thin-ideal and weight-control intentions through an experiment among female college students in China. It investigates how the following three factors: content of normative message (psychoeducational or feminist), source of the message (strong ties or weak ties), and characteristics of the recipients (self-weight evaluations) influence women's body image and weight-control intentions. Results of this study suggest that normative messages with a psychoeducational approach delivered through strong ties are more effective in decreasing women's internalization of the thin-ideal than the same message delivered through weak ti...
Toward a Global Vision of Counseling Psychology

Boston CollegeWith this Major Contribution to The Counseling Psychologist (TCP), weseek to move the discourse about international issues within our field to amore central place in the conceptualization, scholarship, and practice ofcounseling psychology. We believe that the current multiculturalism move-ment shaping our country needs to take place at two levels. On the first level,wearecomingtorecognize,learnabout,andappreciatetheculturaldiversitywithin our country and among the racial, ethnic, and cultural groups thatmake up the population of the United States. On the second level, we alsoneedaglobalperspectivethatrecognizesandisopentootherculturesinothercountries, whether on this continent or across the oceans, on the other side ofthe world. The five articles that are presented here, when considered collec-tively, depict an ever-increasing global movement in counseling psychologywherein the fundamental ideas, premises, and counseling interventions arebeing revisited and, at times, redefined.THE GLOBAL PERSPECTIVEAs Pedersen and Leong (1997) noted in their inaugural article that servedto reinvigorate the International Forum of TCP, “The most dangerousassumption of all is to assume that we already know all of our fundamentalassumptions”(p.119).Inourview,someofthemostdangerousassumptionsabouttheinterfaceofhumanbehaviorandculturehavebeencreatedoutofaninsulationorisolationamongcounselorsandresearchers.Forexample,argu-mentsandpositionsimplyingthatallgoodandusableknowledgeinpsychol-ogyemergesfromNorthAmericaand/orthatallknowledgeisuniversalhaveincreasingly been critiqued from a variety of vantage points (e.g., Cushman,
Dynamic bandwidth allocation for VBR video traffic based on scene change identification

To guarantee quality of service (QoS), the requirements of video transmission, such as delay and cell loss rate (CLR), are very stringent. These constraints are difficult to meet if high network utilization is desired. In this paper, dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithms, in which scene change identification is incorporated, are proposed to improve the bandwidth utilization. The bandwidth allocated for each scene is based on the maximum and mean bandwidth of the scene. When a scene change is identified, a new negotiation process is triggered, and the bandwidth is reallocated.
A new and improved confidence interval for the Mantel–Haenszel risk difference

Writing the variance of the Mantel-Haenszel estimator under the null of homogeneity and inverting the corresponding test, we arrive at an improved confidence interval for the common risk difference in stratified 2 × 2 tables. This interval outperforms a variety of other intervals currently recommended in the literature and implemented in software. We also discuss a score-type confidence interval that allows to incorporate strata/study weights. Both of these intervals work very well under many scenarios common in stratified trials or in a meta-analysis, including situations with a mixture of both small and large strata sample sizes, unbalanced treatment allocation, or rare events. The new interval has the advantage that it is available in closed form with a simple formula. In addition, it applies to matched pairs data. We illustrate the methodology with various stratified clinical trials and a meta-analysis. R code to reproduce all analysis is provided in the Appendix.
Cell lineage and fate map of the primary somatoblast of the polychaete annelid Capitella teleta.

Like most polychaete annelids, Capitella teleta (formerly Capitella sp. I) exhibits a highly stereotypic program of early development known as spiral cleavage. Animals with spiral cleavage have diverse body plans, and homologous embryonic cells can be readily identified among distantly related animals. Spiralian embryos are particularly amenable to studies of fate-mapping, and larval fates of identified cells are conserved among diverse taxa. One cell of particular importance in spiralian development is 2d, or the primary somatoblast, which generates ectoderm of the body posterior to the prototroch. We are interested in the evolution of the primary somatoblast, and thus far, the 2d sublineage has only been analyzed in a few species. In Capitella teleta, 2d generates ectoderm of the segmented trunk and post-segmental pygidium. In this study, development of the 2d lineage was characterized in detail through intracellular injections of DiI, and time-lapse as well as confocal microscopy to analyze cleavage patterns and the fates of larval cells. Analysis of cleavage patterns reveals that the first bilateral division in the 2d sublineage occurs with the division of 2d 112 , the same 2d daughter cell that first divides bilaterally in the polychaete Platynereis dumerilii. Larval fates of blastomeres 2d 1 , 2d 2 , 2d 11 , 2d 12 , 2d 112 , 2d 1121 , and 2d 1122 were determined. All cells show stereotypic descendant clones that are consistent with segregation within sublineages. In the first few divisions of the 2d sublineage, larval-specific structures (neurotroch and telotroch) and pygidial ectoderm are segregated from segmental ectoderm and ventral nerve cord. The daughters of the first bilateral division, 2d 1121 and 2d 1122 , generate the right and left halves of the segmental ectoderm and ventral nerve cord respectively, although the clones are consistently asymmetric across the dorsal midline. The pattern of cleavage divisions and the fates of the 2d daughters in Capitella teleta are compared to those in other spiralians with special attention to annelids.
Direct manipulation of subdivision surfaces on GPUs

We present an algorithm for interactive deformation of subdivision surfaces, including displaced subdivision surfaces and subdivision surfaces with geometric textures. Our system lets the user directly manipulate the surface using freely-selected surface points as handles. During deformation the control mesh vertices are automatically adjusted such that the deforming surface satisfies the handle position constraints while preserving the original surface shape and details. To best preserve surface details, we develop a gradient domain technique that incorporates the handle position constraints and detail preserving objectives into the deformation energy. For displaced subdivision surfaces and surfaces with geometric textures, the deformation energy is highly nonlinear and cannot be handled with existing iterative solvers. To address this issue, we introduce a shell deformation solver, which replaces each numerically unstable iteration step with two stable mesh deformation operations. Our deformation algorithm only uses local operations and is thus suitable for GPU implementation. The result is a real-time deformation system running orders of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art multigrid mesh deformation solver. We demonstrate our technique with a variety of examples, including examples of creating visually pleasing character animations in real-time by driving a subdivision surface with motion capture data.
Emerging Therapies for the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infections

Objective:To describe emerging therapies, such as levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, rifabutin, rifaximin, tinidazole, doxycycline, minocycline, lactoferrin, and plaunotol for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection.Data Sources:Relevant information was identified through a search of MEDLINE (1966–July 2008), PubMed (1955–July 2008), American Search Premier (1975–July 2008). International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1960–2008), Science Citation Index Expanded (1996–2008), Cochrane Databases (publications archived until July 2008), and various tertiary sources using the terms Helicobacter pylori, fluoroquinolones, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, rifabutin, rifaximin, lactoferrin, plaunotol, tinidazole, doxycycline, minocycline, faropenem, new treatments, refractory, and salvage alone or in combination.Study Selection and Data Extraction:Relevant information was identified and selected based on clinical relevance and value of information. In vitro and in vivo data were included if available.Data Synthesis:Data ...
The Men as Partners Program in South Africa: Reaching Men to End Gender-Based Violence and Promote Sexual and Reproductive Health

This article presents lessons learned from the Men as Partners (MAP) Program in South Africa. MAP is an ongoing, multifaceted intervention designed to engage men in reducing genderbased violence and to promote men’s constructive role in sexual and reproductive health, including HIV/AIDS. The program is carried out through a partnership of civil society organizations collaborating with governmental and academic institutions to transform the behaviors of men and the norms of masculinity. This article is based on (a) qualitative interviews with professionals from MAP Network organizations and a summary of a small-scale evaluation carried out with MAP participants; and (b) on reflections by the authors, who are directly involved in the ongoing implementation and management of MAP in South Africa. The article provides a case study of a complex intervention seeking to change men’s attitudes and behaviors through the use of an ecologic approach that utilizes strategies at many levels to effect personal and social change. As such, it has important implications for work with men in South Africa and elsewhere.
The role of interest groups in products liability law

Describes the impact of recent changes in US tort law and identifies four interest groups concerned: manufacturers, insurance companies, consumers and lawyers. Discusses their relative strengths, motivations and influence on judicial decisions, citing relevant liability cases for product‐related injuries due to manufacturing defects, design defects and inadequate warnings. Develops a logistic regression model to relate state adoption of strict liability standards to the relative strength of interest groups and applies it to US data. Suggests that the strength of manufacturers and, more particularly, lawyers is significant; and that liberal states are more likely to adopt strict liability for design defects. Calls for further research on the role of the legal profession in legal change.
SSOScan: automated testing of web applications for single sign-on vulnerabilities

Correctly integrating third-party services into web applications is challenging, and mistakes can have grave consequences when third-party services are used for security-critical tasks such as authentication and authorization. Developers often misunderstand integration requirements and make critical mistakes when integrating services such as single sign-on APIs. Since traditional programming techniques are hard to apply to programs running inside black-box web servers, we propose to detect vulnerabilities by probing behaviors of the system. This paper describes the design and implementation of SSOScan, an automatic vulnerability checker for applications using Facebook Single Sign-On (SSO) APIs. We used SSOScan to study the twenty thousand top-ranked websites for five SSO vulnerabilities. Of the 1660 sites in our study that employ Facebook SSO, over 20% were found to suffer from at least one serious vulnerability.
Basic Concepts of Quantitative Genetics

Quantitative genetics is a special branch of genetics, which is concerned with the inheritance of the differences between individuals that are measured in degree rather than in kind. These individual differences are referred to as quantitative differences orquantitative traits. Formally, a quantitative trait is defined as a trait whose value varies continuously across individuals (Falconer and Mackay 1996; Lynch and Walsh 1998). The phenotype of a quantitative trait measured from an individual is not determined by genes alone; it is also determined by environmental variants. The proportion of the phenotypic variance explained by the segregation of a single gene is usually small. However, the contribution of all these small-effect genes collectively is significant to the variation of the phenotype. Genes controlling the variation of a quantitative trait are calledquantitative trait loci (QTL). Note that the term QTL defined in this book is used for both the singular and plural forms, e.g., one QTL for weight and two QTL for height. In the quantitative genetics literature, QTL represents the singular form and QTLs is used as the plural form. No matter how small a QTL is, it segregates just like a regularMendelian locus. For small-effect QTL, we simply cannot observe the segregation and must resort to statistical methods to infer the segregation. Most statistical methods applied in quantitative genetics require specific genetic models, which will be the focus of this chapter.
Evaluations of Rebuttal Analogy Users: Ethical and Competence Considerations

Recent theorizing and research concerning the pragmatics of analogy in persuasion posits that it serves two communicative functions. Specifically, rebuttal analogy instrumentally functions as argument and also as a social attack device used to demean the competence or character of opponents. The study reported here empirically investigated message receivers' perceptions of rebuttal analogy users. Participants were exposed to one of four messages employing rebuttal analogy or to one of the same four messages with a nonanalogy version of the rebuttal argument. As anticipated, the findings revealed that participants perceived the communicator employing rebuttal analogy as less ethical and less competent than communicators using nonanalogy counterparts. These results are discussed and future research is proposed.
Lymphoid Lesions of the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Histologic, Immunophenotypic, and Genotypic Analysis of 49 Cases

The diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) lymphoid infiltrates can be challenging when based only on conventional microscopic assessment. When marked cytologic atypia is present, a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm is readily made; however, the distinction between a low-grade malignant neoplasm and a reactive process is much more difficult, If unfixed tissue is available, immunohistologic or genotypic methods that are usually aimed at defining B-lymphocytic monotypisn can be applied, However, paraffin-embedded tissue has generally been deemed unsuitable for these technique We assessed the value of a panel of immunohistochemical stains and a seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)for the analysis of lymphoid infiltrates in routinely processed GI biopsy specimens from 49 archival cases, including morphologically benign, indeterminate, and overtly malignant lesions. Clinical outcome was used as the retrospective diagnostic standard, end points were death (of lymphomatous disease or otherwise) and clinical evidence of lymphoma. According to light microscopic criteria, 19 cases were classified as benign, 17 as malignant, and 13 as atypical. Immunophenotyping correctly identified 28 of 31 benign and 14 of 18 malignant lesions (7 cases had an indeterminate immunoprofile). Genotypic analysis correctly identified 12 of 18 malignant and 29 of 31 benign lesions, but spurious monoclonal bands were produced by PCR amplification of 2 of the latter 31 cases. No single technique exists for correct categorization of all paraffin-embedded specimens of GI lymphoid infiltrates. We recommend a sequential approach to the use of available diagnostic modalities.
Expression of ER,PR,C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 genes in breast cancer and their clinical significance

Objective To investigate the expression and relationship of ER,PR and C-erbB-2,Ki-67 in breast cancer.Methods The expression of ER,PR,C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 in 356 cases of breast cancer tissues was determined by immunohistochemical staining.The correlations of clinical and pathological features with the expression of ER,PR,C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The expression of ER,PR,C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 in breast cancer samples was correlated to lymph node metastasis(P0.05).Expression of C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 was positively correlated with the histopathology grade and pTNM stages(P0.05).The expression of ER had a significantly positive correlation with PR(r=0.655,P0.05),the expression of C-erbB-2 had an insignificantly positive correlation with Ki-67(r=0.196,P0.05).The expression of ER and PR had a negative corelation with C-erbB-2 and Ki-67(r=0.323,r=-0.521,r=-0.302,r=-0.453,P0.05).Conclusion ER,PR,C-erbB-2 and Ki-67 can be used to choose treatment and forecast prognosis in clinical work.
Understanding a High School Physics Teacher’s Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Argumentation

Scientific argumentation is an important learning objective in science education. It is also an effective instructional approach to constructivist science learning. The implementation of argumentation in school settings requires science teachers, who are pivotal agents of transforming classroom practices, to develop sophisticated knowledge of argumentation. However, there is a lack of understanding about science teachers’ knowledge of argumentation, especially the dialogic meaning of argumentation. In this case study, we closely examine a high school physics teacher’s argumentation-related pedagogic content knowledge (PCK) in the context of dialogic argumentation. We synthesize the teacher’s performed PCK from his argumentation practices and narrated PCK from his reflection on the argumentation practices, from which we summarize his PCK of argumentation from the perspectives of orientation, instructional strategies, students, curriculum, and assessment. Finally, we describe the teacher’s perception and adaption of argumentation in his class. We also identity the barriers to argumentation implementation in this particular case and suggest solutions to overcome these barriers.
Histone Methylation by Temozolomide; A Classic DNA Methylating Anticancer Drug.

Background/Aim: The alkylating agent, temozolomide (TMZ), is considered the standard-of-care for high-grade astrocytomas –known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)– an aggressive type of tumor with poor prognosis. The therapeutic benefit of TMZ is attributed to formation of DNA adducts involving the methylation of purine bases in DNA. We investigated the effects of TMZ on arginine and lysine amino acids, histone H3 peptides and histone H3 proteins. Materials and Methods: Chemical modification of amino acids, histone H3 peptide and protein by TMZ was performed in phosphate buffer at physiological pH. The reaction products were examined by mass spectrometry and western blot analysis. Results: Our results showed that TMZ following conversion to a methylating cation, can methylate histone H3 peptide and histone H3 protein, suggesting that TMZ exerts its anticancer activity not only through its interaction with DNA, but also through alterations of protein post-translational modifications. Conclusion: The possibility that TMZ can methylate histones involved with epigenetic regulation of protein indicates a potentially unique mechanism of action. The study will contribute to the understanding the anticancer activity of TMZ in order to develop novel targeted molecular strategies to advance the cancer treatment.
A secure and reliable interference-aware wireless mesh network design

A wireless mesh network (WMN) is a multihop wireless network consisting of a large number of wireless nodes, some of which are called gateway nodes and connected with a wired network. Wireless mesh network have attracted much research attention recently due to its flexibility, low-cost and robustness, which facilitate its usability in many potential applications, including last-mile broadband Internet access, neighborhood gaming, Video-on-Demand (VoD), distributed file backup, video surveillance, etc. The broadcast nature, the lack of infrastructure as well as the flexible deployment nature of wireless mesh networks make it different from wired networks, thus more attention in designing the wireless mesh network is needed to maintain a good performance of this promising technology. We, in this work, investigate the wireless mesh network design taking into consideration three design factors seeking an improvement in the network performance by reducing the interference influence in the network, improving the network reliability to satisfy more requests, and securing the network against malicious eavesdropping attacks. Our design is presented into three sub-problems; sub-problem (1), which seeks an interference-aware robust topology control scheme, sub-problem (2) which seeks a multipath routing scheme, and sub-problem (3) which seeks a secure key management scheme. Through simulations and comparisons with previous work, we show that our proposed solutions outperform previous schemes in providing a better network performance in terms of reducing the network interference, satisfying more number of requests and increasing the network resistance to malicious eavesdropping attacks.
N-type Doping Strategies for InGaAs

Abstract Significant research effort has been placed into the use of III–V compound semiconductors, including InGaAs as channel materials in CMOS logic devices due to their superior electron mobilities compared to Si and other more conventional semiconductor materials. One of the major factors preventing industrial adoption of InGaAs as a channel material involves the minimization of source and drain contact resistances. To understand challenges to minimization of contact resistance, this work will outline the effectiveness of several doping approaches that have been attempted for n-type InGaAs including the use of silicon as a dopant and the effectiveness of each approach in achieving the highest level of activation possible. Previous and recently reported dopant diffusion behaviors are also included and discussed.
Tawney, Galbraith, and Adam Smith: State and Welfare

(1982). Tawney, Galbraith, and Adam Smith: State and Welfare. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 1152-1154.
Control of a Multi-link Flexible Manipulator with a Decentralized Approach

Abstract This work seeks to provide an effective way for the development of the dynamics of a multi-link flexible manipulator. Due to the presence of nonlinearities, uncertainty, and link flexibility, a decentralized control is implemented here to provide robust stability without increasing the burden of on-line computation. Simulations and experiments show agreement with the analytic work.
Establishing human heart chromium, cobalt and vanadium concentrations by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Abstract Objective Chromium, cobalt, and vanadium are used in metallic joint prosthesis. Case studies have associated elevated heart tissue cobalt concentrations with myocardial injury. To document the long term heart metal ion concentrations, a validated inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) method was needed. Method The method utilized a closed-vessel microwave digestion system to digest the samples. An ICP‐MS method utilizing Universal Cell Technology was used to determine our target analyte concentrations. Accuracy was verified using reference materials. Precision, sensitivity, recovery and linearity studies were performed. This method was used to establish a reference range for a non-implant containing cohort of 80 autopsy human heart tissues Results This method demonstrated an analytic measurement range of 0.5–100 ng/mL for each element. Accuracy was within ±10% of target value for each element. Within-run precision for each element was below 20% CV. The chromium, vanadium and cobalt concentrations (mean ± SD) were 0.1523 ± 0.2157 μg/g, 0.0094 ± 0.0211 μg/g and 0.1039 ± 0.1305 μg/g respectively in 80 non-implant containing human heart tissue samples. Conclusions This method provides acceptable recovery of the chromium, cobalt and vanadium in heart tissue; allowing assessment of the effects of metallic joint prosthesis on myocardial health.
Abstract 327: Ankle-Brachial Index is Associated with Subendocardial Viability in Biracial (black-white) Young Adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study.

Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) has been widely used clinically to define peripheral artery disease (PAD). Previous studies have established the correlation between ABI and coronary artery disease among men and women; however, limited information is available on the association between ABI and subendocardial viability in terms or Subendocardial Viability Ratio (SEVR) -a measure of myocardial perfusion-, among asymptomatic biracial (black-white) young adults. We assessed the hypothesis that ABI is directly correlated with SEVR in asymptomatic biracial (black-white) young adults. As a part of The Bogalusa Heart Study, a bi-racial (black/white) community based study, noninvasive assessment of ABI and SEVR was obtained in 610 asymptomatic individuals aged 29-51years (mean 43.4; 68.7% white and 54.6% female), along with evaluation of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The association of ABI with SEVR was tested through multivariable-adjusted linear regression. Black and female participants had significantly lower mean levels of SEVR (p The observed association of ABI with SEVR in black-white asymptomatic adults supports the hypothesis that, structural changes in the peripheral vasculature are reflective of changes in the coronary arteries, even at subclinical level, which may aid to enhance early detection of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic individuals.
The Rapid Iterative Test and Evaluation Method: Better Products in Less Time

Publisher Summary This chapter is guides usability engineers to convince their businesses that usability activities are a good return on investment (ROI). The goals of the Rapid Iterative Test and Evaluation (RITE) method are to identify and fix as many issues as possible and to verify the effectiveness of these fixes in the shortest possible time. These goals support the business reason for usability testing; improving the final product as quickly and efficiently as possible. The case studies presented in this chapter suggest that the RITE method was successful in achieving its goals. Applications are available that have a powerful and flexible architecture, which allows for rapid changes to be made to the product. As demonstrated by the case studies, the RITE method has an established track record of success on a variety of commercial products. As such, it follows in the tradition of other methods that have been shown to be effective in real world contexts. This chapter embodies a “case study” approach to examine usability methods.
Practical Experiences with Modelling and Forecasting Time Series

(1980). Practical Experiences with Modelling and Forecasting Time Series. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 57-58.
A Rapid Multiresidue Screen for Organophosphorus, Organochlorine, and N-Methyl Carbamate Insecticides in Plant and Animal Tissues

A multiresidue screen for the quantitative determination of 43 organophosphorus, 17 organochlorine, and 11 N-methyl carbamate insecticides in 10 g of plant or animal tissues is described. The insecticides are extracted with 5% ethanol in ethyl acetate (v/v). Samples with high lipid content are cleaned up by automated gel permeation chromatography with a 30% ethyl acetate in hexane (v/v) eluant and in-line silica gel minicolumns. Highly pigmented samples are cleaned up with class-specific solid-phase extraction columns. The concentrated extracts are analyzed by selective detection with gas chromatography or liquid chromatography. Recovery of 71 insecticides ranged from 77 to 113%. Analysis of fortified bovine liver (n = 5) resulted in an average recovery of 96 +/- 4% at the 0.5 to 0.05 micrograms/g level. Analysis of fortified alfalfa hay (n = 5) resulted in a mean recovery of 94 +/- 4% at the 0.06 to 0.5 micrograms/g level, and analysis of fortified fresh tomatoes (n = 5) resulted in an average recovery of 97 +/- 3% at the 0.06 to 0.5 micrograms/g level. Method detection limits ranged from 0.02 to 0.5 micrograms/g for the compounds studied with a nominal 10 g sample.
Geometric Inverse Eigenvalue Problem

Different kinds of additive inverse eigenvalue problems have been studied by many authors [1,2,5,6,9]. Generally, the problem can be set like this: Fix a matrix A ∈ gl(n) and a set ℒ ⊂ gl(n); for any given n numbers {s1... sn}, can we find an L ∈ ℒ such that A + L has precisely the eigenvalues {s1...sn}?