cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EXTRA-SKELETAL UPTAKE OF BONE AGENTS

Technetium-99m bone agents, pyrophosphate (PYP) and the newer generation diphosphonates (HDP, MDP) are small molecules that diffuse freely in the interstitial fluid, being available for uptake by most tissues in the body. Intravenously injected tracer first distributes in the interstitial fluid then localizes in bone, while the lymphatic system and blood stream gradually clear excess tracer from the interstitial space, with excretion by glomerular filtration. Clearance of the tracer by the kidneys is more efficient with MDP and HDP than with PYP. For this reason, when a bone scan is done for the express purpose of visualizing extra-skeletal structures, PYP often is used because it is available for uptake by soft tissues for a prolonged period of time. Sites of extra-skeletal involvement can be seen in normal circumstances. Mild generalized soft-tissue uptake, symmetric kidney uptake, and bladder uptake are normal findings. An absence of soft-tissue and kidney uptake, hence a ‘‘superscan’’ or ‘‘beautiful bone scan,’’ may indicate diffuse underlying skeletal pathology, such as metabolic bone disease or diffuse metastatic disease. However, this finding can occur in normal individuals when the time from injection to imaging is delayed longer than 4‐5 h. Abnormal extra-skeletal uptake may be focal, within a specific organ or structure, or diffuse. Diffuse uptake may occur throughout the entire body, or within a specific extremity or region. Diffusely increased uptake throughout the body can indicate an increase in the extra-cellular volume of distribution of the tracer, such as with diffuse edema or anasarca. This finding also can indicate a decrease in clearance of the tracer from the kidneys, such as with renal failure or dehydration, or when a patient is imaged too soon after injection. Delayed (mineral phase) images should not occur earlier than 2 h postinjection. Additional delays may be required in patients who are poorly hydrated or who have renal failure. Intentional early imaging (tissue or blood-pool phase imaging) may be performed to identify sites or hyperemia. This strategy also has been used to enhance identification of soft-tissue tumors or areas of inflammation. Diffuse uptake of the tracer in a specific extremity or region usually indicates vascular obstruction, either venous or lymphatic. In these cases, there is often accentuation of the skin. In contrast, chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities usually presents as mild diffuse uptake, poor definition of the underlying bones, but lack of skin accentuation. Accentuation of the skin of the breast can be seen with obstruction of the dermal lymphatics by underlying breast cancer, a finding of similar significance to skin thickening on mammography. Skin uptake of bone agents also can be seen with inflammatory,
Underground Structures Subject to Air Overpressure

An analytical procedure is presented for determining the damage to underground structures induced by pseudo-steady state air overpressure. By introducing appropriate assumptions from the fields of soil mechanics and structural dynamics, it is possible to derive analytical expressions that relate the parameters of the structure, the soil, and the loading as they affect the failure of the structure. The assumptions are stated and the derivation of the analytical procedure is presented. A separate section is devoted to the application of the procedure for the cases of analysis of the vulnerability of an underground structure and the design of an underground structure for any desired level of protection.
Music Therapy and Spiritual Care in End-of-Life: A Qualitative Inquiry into Ethics and Training Issues Identified by Chaplains and Music Therapists.

Background Music therapists are increasingly employed by hospices. As such, they are often called upon to provide additional spiritual care to patients receiving end-of-life care. However, researchers have not yet examined the appropriateness of music therapists providing spiritual care as part of the hospice team, or ethics and training issues related to music therapist-led spiritual care. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the thoughts and attitudes of hospice chaplains and music therapists (MTs) about ethics and training issues related to music therapists providing spiritual care as part of the hospice interdisciplinary team. Methods The study used semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of music therapists and chaplains specializing in hospice care as part of a larger exploratory mixed methods study. Each interview was recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a two-step process including both a modified phenomenological inductive approach and thematic analysis. Results Participants discussed ethics and training issues related to the provision of music therapist-led spiritual care as part of the hospice team. These issues included scope of practice, cultural competence and maintaining personal boundaries, and spiritual care training topics such as educational content and educational methods. Conclusions While it was clear that both chaplains and music therapists felt it was appropriate for music therapists to provide spiritual care as part of the hospice team, there is a need for formal and informal spiritual care training for music therapists doing this type of work. Training should potentially include information about comparative religions, cultural competence, scope of practice, and maintaining personal boundaries.
Natural Language Programming

A procedural semantics system is described for English imperative sentences in natural language programming. Issues related to the handling of dialog focus, noun group resolution, quantifier processing, and imperative verb execution are discussed. Sequences of imperative sentences may be assembled to build natural language programs and techniques are given for processing such programs. The final sections include a discussion of related research and a brief overview of the field.
CHANGE IN HOUSEHOLD SIZE AT GRASSHOPPER

Changes through time in the size of cooking hearths are observed at Grasshopper. Using the construct of the domestic group, these changes are interpreted to indicate a decrease in the size of the household through time. Suggestions are made for testing this trend through the analysis of other domestic facilities and implements. The decrease in household size appears to depart from the ideal pattern of the developmental cycle. Hypotheses seeking to explain this departure indicate the important contributions that the analysis of the domestic group and its various subdivisions can make toward constructing models of cultural and behavioral change in the prehistoric Southwest. In recent years models of domestic groups and developmental cycles have been actively employed to explain architectural variability, organizational change and growth within prehistoric southwestern communities. Kemrer (1973) has investigated the developmental cycle of domestic groups at Kiet Siel (Dean 1969). At Grasshopper Reid (1973; Reid and Shimada, in press) has employed a developmental cycle model at the community level to describe pueblo growth while Rock (1972, 1973, this volume) has focused on the identification of domestic group boundaries and corporate activity structure in the archaeological record. Wilcox (in press) has incorporated these models into a general statement on the perception of prehistoric pueblo social groups at the Joint Site (Schiffer 1973). In pursuing these interests further, this paper presents preliminary results of investigation into changes in household size measured by changes in the size of domestic facilities at Grasshopper. These changes are discussed within the framework of domestic groups and evaluated in terms of departures from an ideal model of the developmental cycle of domestic groups. As an analytic construct first proposed by Fortes (1971), the domestic
INCIDENCE OF SALMONELLA IN BEEF AND CHICKEN

A survey was undertaken to determine the incidence of Salmonella in retail purchases of beef, ground beef, and chicken fryers. Salmonella were isolated from 3 of 36 (8.3%) fresh whole chicken fryers. No Salmonella were detected in 129 quarters of carcass beef or in 100 samples of ground beef. The failure to detect Salmonella in beef products is discussed.
Evaluation of Swab and Tissue Excision Methods for Recovering Microorganisms from Washed and Sanitized Beef Carcasses

Samples taken from dressed beef carcasses by swabbing surfaces or excising tissues were plated to produce counts of aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae , and Escherichia coli . Counts were compared to determine efficiencies of the two sampling methods. Excised tissues produced much higher counts than did swabs, especially when washed and sanitized carcasses were sampled. Percentages recovered by swabbing appeared to be influenced by characteristics of the area sampled on the carcass. Numbers of Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli recovered by swabbing washed and sanitized carcasses were usually too few to be countable, whereas excision usually produced countable plates. The excision sampling method permitted differentiation among treatment effects of washing and sanitizing.
The impact of secondary tasks on drivers during naturalistic driving: Analysis of EEG dynamics

Driver distraction is a significant cause of accidents leading to injuries and fatalities on the roadway. Driving is a complex task and demands continuous visual and cognitive attention on the primary task of driving. Drivers are at risk of responding more slowly or less suitable to intricate and dynamically changing situations that entail their complete attention.
A convenient miniature test platform for polyelectrolyte membrane fuel-cell research

Abstract A simple and convenient small-scale fuel-cell test platform was created from a commercial compression fitting and graphite rod current collectors and used to conduct diagnostic tests on disk-shaped membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs) fabricated from Nafion membranes and Nafion-impregnated platinum-on-carbon-cloth anodes and cathodes. A key advantage of this test platform is that it requires very little material, perhaps just a few milligrams, to conduct a fuel-cell test on a supported catalyst. Electrochemically-active surface area (ECSA) values for supported platinum on carbon-cloth electrodes were obtained by in-situ (in the fuel cell) and ex-situ (in liquid electrolyte) cyclic voltammetry on similarly-prepared electrodes, and values obtained by these methods were compared with each other to estimate the fraction of platinum catalyst contacted by the Nafion ionomer in the fuel-cell cathode. Polarization curves were acquired under controlled-potential conditions using slow-scan cyclic and sampled-current voltammetry and potential-step amperometry methods with conventional electroanalytical instrumentation. Tests performed using this platform are complementary to rotating disk electrode (RDE) voltammetry tests which also allow for catalyst testing on small amounts of material, albeit in the presence of liquid electrolyte, and are commonly used for initial screening of new fuel-cell catalysts. They are also complementary to conventional fuel-cell testing that is commonly performed on MEAs having active areas more than 100 times larger than that in the present cells.
Enhanced Lumen Output of LEDs With Die Bonding by Printable Adhesive

A novel printable optically reflective adhesive is introduced to replace optically transparent adhesives for the die bonding of standard mesa type light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The new adhesive shows much lower thermal resistance than the optically transparent ones, and the printed adhesive layer also shows low fillet coverage around the chip, eliminating the absorption due to the surrounding die attach adhesive materials. The improvement in optical output by using printable optically reflective adhesive is found to be 2.3% points over standard adhesive with 33% fillet coverage. This letter suggests a cost-effective and speedy manufacturing method for mid-power mesa type LEDs, as well as chip-on-board packaging with multiple LED chips.
Primary Pure Endometrial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors with EWSR1 Gene Rearrangement: Report of 2 Cases

Primary Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET) of the female genital tract is very rare. The majority has been described in ovaries, and the endometrium is an even rarer site. Herein we describe 2 cases of primary uterine corpus PNET cases with EWSR1 FISH confirmation. To the best of our knowledge, there are four cases reported in the English literature. The knowledge of these tumors' incidence in the endometrium is important to keep in mind, to differentiate it from poorly differentiated and undifferentiated adenocarcinomas, should such pattern of growth be encountered.
Predation of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Eggs and Young Larvae by Orius insidiosus (Say) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) on Grain Sorghum in a Greenhouse

Individual adult, fourth- and second-instar Orius insidiosus (Say) were caged for 24 h on branches of grain sorghum panicles with combinations of 0, 2, or 4 corn earworm eggs and 0, 2, or 4 first instar earworms, excepting 0 eggs and 0 larvae. Individual adult O. insidiosus also were caged for 24 h with 2 second-instar corn earworms. In cages with corn earworm eggs and first instars, predation by all stages of O. insidiosus on one stage of corn earworm was not significantly influenced by the number of the other stage available. The number of corn earworm eggs shriveled or missing, indicative of predation by O. insidiosus, was highest for cages with O. insidiosus adults (65% for either egg density). In cages with fourth-instar O. insidiosus, the percentage of corn earworm egg shriveled or missing was 45% with 2 eggs available and 32% with 4 eggs available. At all densities of eggs, the number of eggs shriveled or missing in cages with second-instar O. insidiosus was not significantly higher than in control...
A testbed environment for buildings-to-grid cyber resilience research and development

The smart grid is characterized by the proliferation of advanced digital controllers at all levels of its operational hierarchy from generation to end consumption. Such controllers within modern residential and commercial buildings enable grid operators to exercise fine-grained control over energy consumption through several emerging buildings-to-grid (B2G) applications. Though this capability promises significant benefits in terms of operational economics and improved reliability, cybersecurity weaknesses in the supporting infrastructure could be exploited to cause harm, and this necessitates focused research on two fronts. First, understanding how cyber attacks in the B2G space could affect grid reliability and to what extent. Second, developing and validating cyber-physical application-specific countermeasures, complementary to traditional infrastructure cybersecurity mechanisms, for enhanced cyber-attack detection and mitigation. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is currently developing a B2G testbed to address these core research needs. Specifically, the B2G testbed combines high-fidelity build- ings+grid simulators, industry-grade building automation, and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems in an integrated, realistic, and reconfigurable environment capable of supporting experiments on attack detection, impact assessment, and mitigation. In this paper, we articulate the need for research testbeds to model various B2G applications broadly, by looking at the end-to-end operational hierarchy of the smart grid. Finally, the paper describes the architecture of the B2G testbed in detail, and also addresses the broad spectrum of B2G resilience research it is capable of supporting.
Designing XML and XML Schema for bioinformatics using UML

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is for organizing and structuring data and will be used increasingly by the bioinformatics community to store and transmit structured data over the internet. The user-defined choice of elements and attributes, the type of data contained within them, and the way elements nestle within each other determines the structure of the document. This information is recorded as a set of rules in a schema. One way of designing an XML document, and its associated schema, is to use the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to display the data objects and their relationships graphically. We take some data from the bioinformatics literature and apply the method of Routledge, et al [1] to illustrate the data model using UML diagrams. The advantage of this approach is that the process of choosing the elements and attributes (which is an issue in XML) and the design of the schema are unified. Furthermore, the fact that the first step in the process is done at the conceptual level allows domain experts like biologists to participate in the choice of the elements and attributes. No technical knowledge of XML Schema is required.
Giant left parietal lobe arachnoid cyst presenting as early-onset dementia

A 56-year-old woman with no significant medical history was brought for evaluation of difficulty with speaking for 1 month. Family reported patient having short-term and long-term memory impairment and gradual cognitive decline over a course of 2 years. Her mother had Alzheimer’s dementia in her 60s and the patient attributed her symptoms to Alzheimer’s and did not seek medical attention until she developed word finding difficulty. On neurological examination, she had expressive aphasia and scored 20 on Mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Laboratory work-up showed normal haemogram, metabolic panel, thyroid function tests, vitamin B12 and folic acid levels and a negative rapid …
Molecular epidemiology of human metapneumovirus in children with respiratory tract infection in Hangzhou

Objective To understand the molecular epidemiologic features of human metapnenmovirus (hMPV) in children with respiratory tract infection in Hangzhou.Methods 2 593 throat swabs were collected from patients with respiratory tract infections who visited the hospitals with sentinel surveillance programs from January 2011 to December 2013,including 1 676 outpatients and 917 inpatients.Total nucleic acid was extracted from the specimens and the fusion (F) protein gene of hMPV was amplified by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),with positive samples picked to compare with the sequence of hMPV in GenBank,after the sequence of amplification products were determined.Other two types of common respiratory virus were tested using RT-PCR.Results The overall positive rate in this study was 6.51％ (169/2 593),with 6.62％ (111/1 676) in outpatients and 6.32％ (58/917) in inpatients,but no statistically significant difference was found (x2=0.086,P=0.769).The rates was 7.01％ in males and 5.72％ in females,with no statistically significant difference in different sex (x2=1.676,P=0.195).The positive rate was 14.14％ (28/198) in the 2-year-olds,14.01％(22/158) in 3-year olds.The rate in 2-year olds was higher than in other groups,with statistically significant differences between the groups (x2=38.654,P=0.000).Of the 169 positive cases,153 (90.53％) in the younger than 5 years olds.The rates of infection with hMPV in winter and spring were statistically higher than in summer and autumn (x2=67.032,P=0.000).The rate of co-infection was 19.52％ (33/169).88 amplified productions were selected for gene sequence analysis,and the F gene homology were 81.6％-100.0％ with reference strains in GenBank.Data showed that all the 4 viral subtypes:A2 (52.27％,46/88),B1 (37.51％,33/88),B2 (9.09％,8/88) and A 1 (1.13％,1/88) co-circulated during the study.However,different subtypes appeared predominant in different years:hMPV subtype B1 was in 2011 and 2012,subtype A2 in the end of 2012 and in 2013.Of the 88 specimens,gene sequences were determinate,with A genotype accounted for 67.56％ (25/37),B genotype for 32.43％ (12/37) in children younger than 1-year olds,and A genotype accounted for 43.13％ (22/51),B genotype for 56.86％ (29/51) in children above 1-year olds.Significant differences between the two groups (x2=5.143,P=0.023) were noticed.Conclusion It was confirmed that hMPV was one of the substantial pathogens causing the respiratory tract infections.Data from our study suggested that the peak time of hMPV infection predominated during winter and spring in Hangzhou.Both hMPV subtype B1 and subtype A2 were found popular in this study,with hMPV genotype A dominating in children younger than 1-year olds. Key words: Human metapneumovirus; Respiratory infection; Molecular epidemiology
“We, the polish nation”: Ethnic and civic visions of nationhood in post-communist constitutional debates

Cet article fait part de recherches concernant les definitions de nation et nationalisme dans les ex- pays communistes et particulierement en Pologne. A la lumiere de l'ideal-type de Weber, l'A expose les differences de conception des modeles ethnique/civique qui oppose traditionnellement Orient et Occident sur la nation. En revenant sur l'histoire de la Pologne, l'A. se penche sur les representations de la nation-etat et explique la preponderence de la religion dans la formation de l'unite de l'etat-nation polonais
Just-in-Time Backfilling in Multi-Agent Scheduling

This paper addresses the problem of how a group of agents cooperating on a complex plan with interdependent actions can coordinate their scheduling and execution of those actions, particularly in domains where actions may fail or have uncertain durations. If actions fail (or fail to meet their deadlines), the repercussions for the rest of the team's plan can be dramatic. This paper presents a pro-active strategy, called Just-in-Time Backfilling (JIT-BF), that agents can use to increase the fault tolerance of their interdependent schedules by identifying actions in danger of failing and inserting redundant (or back-up) actions into their schedules. The insertion of redundant actions can be done locally (i.e., by the agent whose action is in danger of failing) or through negotiations with the rest of the team. The computations performed by agents following the JIT-BF strategy depend on probabilistic models of action durations and the ``quality'' achieved by successfully executing actions. The paper presents an experimental evaluation of the JIT-BF strategy within a simulated real-time dynamic environment that demonstrates that teams using the pro-active JIT-BF strategy significantly out-perform teams that rely solely on reactive strategies.
Persistence and remission of depressive symptoms in late life.

OBJECTIVE The relation of poor health to the onset of depression symptoms in late life is well recognized, but little attention has been given to characteristics that might predict persistence or remission of depressive symptoms. In previous analyses the authors found that increasing disability and declining health preceded the emergence of depressive symptoms in older community residents and accounted for 70% of the variance explained by discriminant analyses. The aim of the present analysis was to examine the relevance of changes in health and disability to the persistence of depressive symptoms. METHOD A representative sample of 1,855 adults aged 65 or older were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale at baseline. Twenty-four months later, 1,577 individuals were available for a second assessment of depressive symptoms. The characteristics of the 97 community residents whose depressive symptoms persisted over 24 months were compared to those of the 114 whose symptoms remitted. RESULTS Changes in health, differences in age, sleep disturbance, and added formal support services accounted for more than 30% of the variance between the persistently depressed and remission groups. Advanced age and worsening health were associated with persistent symptoms, improved health with remission. CONCLUSIONS Previous studies have indicated that untoward changes in health and disability play a major role in the onset of depressive symptoms. These findings show a substantial contribution to chronicity as well.
Ethics and Evolution of Medicine

Research is the backbone of every form of knowledge, be it religious or worldly. Ijtehad is the fine line that differentiates Imamia fiqh from other Fiqhas. Ijtehad is what all those learned scholars, Ayataullahs and Maraajae, do throughout their lives in such eminent places of learning as the Hawza-e Ilmia of Najaf Al Ashraf and Qum. The final product that emerges from these institutions are called Mujtahids, experts and super-specialists in the Ilme Din, Fiqh, Ilme Ahadith, and Ilmul Kalam, Ilmul Rijaal and many other sub- and super-specialties. Their task continues throughout their lives as they guide Muslims in all matters of Din and complex issues of Sharia throughout their lives. Some, like Imam Khomeini, believed in Wilayate Faqih and therefore, besides religious matters, they guide Muslims in political matters too. Others, like Ayataullah- Ul -Uzma Syed Sistani, prefer to remain isolated from politics. But they are sources of guidance in all religious matters.
Diagnostic, clinical, and personality correlates of food anxiety during a food exposure in patients diagnosed with an eating disorder

Eating disorders are characterized by high levels of anxiety, especially while eating. However, little is known about anxiety experienced during meals and specifically what other variables may impact such anxiety. We sought to further quantify and understand the relationship between food anxiety, eating disorders, and related correlates (e.g., comorbid diagnoses, personality). In the current study [N = 42 participants diagnosed with an eating disorder (n = 36 participants with anorexia nervosa)], we quantified anxiety before, during, and after a meal using data from a food exposure session in a partial hospital eating disorder center. We examined diagnostic, personality, and clinical factors as correlates of food anxiety. Participants were more likely to experience higher food anxiety if they had a current diagnosis of major depression, obsessive–compulsive disorder, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Concern over mistakes was the strongest and most consistent correlate of food anxiety regardless of time during the meal that anxiety was assessed. Other significant correlates were fear of positive evaluation, social appearance anxiety, BMI, and trust. These findings show how diagnoses, perfectionism (concern over mistakes), and other correlates relate to anxiety during meals. Food exposure interventions may benefit from personalizations that address these factors. IV Evidence from a randomized control trial, but from the first session before effects of the design would be present.
Clinical implementation of respiratory-gated spot-scanning proton therapy: An efficiency analysis of active motion management

PURPOSE The aim of this work is to describe the clinical implementation of respiratory-gated spot-scanning proton therapy (SSPT) for the treatment of thoracic and abdominal moving targets. The experience of our institution is summarized, from initial acceptance and commissioning tests to the development of standard clinical operating procedures for simulation, motion assessment, motion mitigation, treatment planning, and gated SSPT treatment delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS A custom respiratory gating interface incorporating the Real-Time Position Management System (RPM, Varian Medical Systems, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) was developed in-house for our synchrotron-based delivery system. To assess gating performance, a motion phantom and radiochromic films were used to compare gated vs nongated delivery. Site-specific treatment planning protocols and conservative motion cutoffs were developed, allowing for free-breathing (FB), breath-holding (BH), or phase-gating (Ph-G). Room usage efficiency of BH and Ph-G treatments was retrospectively evaluated using beam delivery data retrieved from our record and verify system and DICOM files from patient-specific quality assurance (QA) procedures. RESULTS More than 70 patients were treated using active motion management between the launch of our motion mitigation program in October 2015 and the end date of data collection of this study in January 2018. During acceptance procedures, we found that overall system latency is clinically-suitable for Ph-G. Regarding room usage efficiency, the average number of energy layers delivered per minute was <10 for Ph-G, 10-15 for BH and ≥15 for FB, making Ph-G the slowest treatment modality. When comparing to continuous delivery measured during pretreatment QA procedures, the median values of BH treatment time were extended from 6.6 to 9.3 min (+48%). Ph-G treatments were extended from 7.3 to 13.0 min (+82%). CONCLUSIONS Active motion management has been crucial to the overall success of our SSPT program. Nevertheless, our conservative approach has come with an efficiency cost that is more noticeable in Ph-G treatments and should be considered in decision-making.
Checkpoint inhibitors assessment in oropharynx cancer (CIAO): Safety and interim results.

6008Background: Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 are active in metastatic oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (OPC). Durvalumab (durva) and tremelimumab (tremi) target respectively PD-L1 and CTLA-4, which in combina...
Minimally Invasive Insertion of Axillary Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump is Safe and Effective for Advanced Heart Failure

Introduction Intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABPs) have acute hemodynamic benefit in chronic heart failure and are associated with good outcomes. With the recent update to the United Network for Organ Sharing allocation policy, there is an increased priority given to patients on temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS). With this increased use of tMCS comes a potential increase in morbidity given the degree of the patient's illness, as well the complications from tMCS devices and being bedbound while they are in place. Hypothesis A novel, minimally-invasive insertion of axillary IABPs is a safe alternative to tMCS via femoral access or traditional axillary access for advanced heart failure and allows patients to be ambulatory shortly after insertion. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of all axillary IABPs placed at our institution from September 2017 - March 2019. All procedures were performed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory with ultrasound and fluoroscopic guidance. Access was obtained into the left axillary artery with a micropuncture needle lateral to where the Pectoralis major meets the Anterior Deltoid. Gradual dilations were made until the IABP was inserted into the descending aorta, connected, and secured with sutures. Descriptive statistics were performed with matched pair t-tests for hemodynamic variables. Results Nineteen IABPs were placed. Most patients (75%) were able to ambulate within 24hrs. Hemodynamic improvements were comparable to published data for IABPs (Table 1). Average duration of IABP support was 7.4 +/- 1.2 days. There was a relatively low rate of complications - 1 hematoma, 2 balloon ruptures. 2 patients had IABPs removed and later had another IABP placed. Ten patients advanced to definitive therapy (transplant, durable MCS). Three patients were able to be weaned from tMCS. Four patients died within 30days of IABP placement. Conclusions This minimally invasive approach to axillary IABP insertion is safe, allows early ambulation, and improves hemodynamics in patients with advanced heart failure needing tMCS. This approach is novel and easily performed without need for surgical cut down or multiple access sites. This data supports that more studies are needed to define optimal timing and optimal patient selection for minimally invasive axillary IABP prior to definitive therapy.
Abstract 879: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activator 1 (Alda-1) Attenuates Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction-Mediated Cardiac Damage in ALDH2*2 Diabetic Mice

Background: Endothelial dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Diabetes-mediated reactive aldehydes like 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE) are associated with end...
Topology-custom UGAL routing on dragonfly

The Dragonfly network has been deployed in the current generation supercomputers and will be used in the next generation supercomputers. The Universal Globally Adaptive Load-balance routing (UGAL) is the state-of-the-art routing scheme for Dragonfly. In this work, we show that the performance of the conventional UGAL can be further improved on many practical Dragonfly networks, especially the ones with a small number of groups, by customizing the paths used in UGAL for each topology. We develop a scheme to compute the custom sets of paths for each topology and compare the performance of our topology-custom UGAL routing (T-UGAL) with conventional UGAL. Our evaluation with different UGAL variations and different topologies demonstrates that by customizing the routes, T-UGAL offers significant improvements over UGAL on many practical Dragonfly networks in terms of both latency when the network is under low load and throughput when the network is under high load.
Duration in captivity affects competitive ability and breeding success of male but not female steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Female steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared for 1 year (traditional, “S1”) and 2 years (experimental, “S2”) in captivity in the Methow River Basin, Washington, produced very similar numbers...
Psychosocial Needs of Parents Engaged in Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder.

Background: Little research has examined the needs of parents with opioid use disorder (OUD) who are receiving medications for OUD (MOUDs), which is striking given growing rates of OUD among parents. Objective: The current study expands the literature by examining psychiatric, psychosocial, and parenting-related functioning, as well as 12-month MOUD treatment retention among parents versus non-parents participating in a buprenorphine program at an academic family medicine residency clinic. Methods: Patients (N = 144; 61 parents) completed measures of psychiatric and psychosocial functioning at the first MOUD visit; parents also completed measures of parental functioning. Results: Parents endorsed less anxiety and loneliness, as well as greater social connection, life satisfaction, and life meaning. Parents were also older, more likely to be female, of a race other than white, married, employed, and had higher incomes. Although parents endorsed high levels of parental self-agency and strong bonds with children, many also reported elevated parental shame. Among parents, higher levels of shame were also associated with higher depression, anxiety, anger, stress, and loneliness. Over 25% of parents reported that a child lived with friends/relatives over 3 months, and 11% noted a child having been removed from the home by child protective services. Finally, parents were more likely to be retained in treatment at 12 months, although this finding was non-significant after controlling for covariates. Conclusions/Importance: These findings illustrate the needs experienced by parents engaged in MOUD treatment, which may prove valuable in informing policy, program development, and treatment approaches for parents with OUD.
Tribology of selected ceramics at temperatures to 900 C

Results of fundamental and focused research on the tribological properties of ceramics are discussed. The basic friction and wear characteristics are given for ceramics of interest for use in gas trubine, adiabatic diesel, and Stirling engine applications. The importance of metal oxides in ceramic/metal sliding combinations is illustrated. The formulation and tribological additives are described. Friction and wear date are given for carbide and oxide-based composite coatings for temperatures to at least 900 C.
Plasma-cell hepatitis. Case report with immunologic studies.

A 12½ year old girl had plasma-cell hepatitis, with features of chronic liver disease and plasma cell infiltration of the liver, arthritis, hypergammaglobulinemia, and a weakly positive LE cell phenomenon. The patient showed a good clinical response to steroids, and maintenance therapy has been continued with them. Immunofluorescent studies, by means of the indirect staining techniques of Coons, with patient9s serum and cryostat cut sections of monkey liver have revealed staining of liver nuclei, bile canaliculi and a diffuse cytoplasmic staining. The findings in this case are presented with a brief discussion of some of the current theories on pathogenesis.
The Science of Happiness: How Our Brains Make Us Happy and What We Can Do to Get Happier by S. Klein

This well-written book explains why and how happy feelings are created in a way that is accessible to the general public. Stefan Klein's clear and convincing writing style demonstrates why this pop...
Lymphocyte blastogenesis to plaque antigens in human periodontal disease. I. Populations of varying severity of disease.

This study undertook to correlate lymphocyte transformation to human dental plaque antigens with clinical estimates of periodontal disease. Forty-eight patients with periodontal conditions ranging from normal gingivae to severe periodontitis were examined clinically. Oral cleanliness was determined by the Plaque Index System (Silness & Loe 1964) and gingival health was assessed using the criteria of the Gingival Index System (Loe & Silness 1963). Pocket depth and loss of periodontal attachment from the cementoenamel junction (Ramfjord 1959, Glavind & Loe 1967) were also measured. Triplicate microcultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes were stimulated with four different concentrations of human plaque antigens. The uptake of 3H-thymidine during blastogenesis was measured by liquid scintillation counting. There was no correlation between the stimulation by most of the isolated plaque antigens or pooled plaque and the periodontal conditions as determined by plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth and loss of attachment. However, there was a significant, although low, correlation between clinical parameters and the stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes by B. melaninogenicus and A. viscosus. Stimulation with B. melaninogenicus correlated more highly with pocket depth and loss of attachment, while stimulation with A. viscosus and A. naeslundii correlated more highly with plaque and gingivitis scores. The possible role of these organisms in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease involving cellular immunity was discussed as was the interpretation of data obtained in blastogenesis using peripheral blood lymphocytes and its relevance to the local phenomenon of delayed hypersensivity.
Cardiac enhancer activity of the homeobox gene tinman depends on CREB consensus binding sites in Drosophila.

Summary: The Drosophila homeobox gene tinman plays a critical role in subdividing the early mesoderm. In particular, tinman is absolutely required for formation of the heart and visceral mesoderm. tinman expression is initiated throughout the mesoderm of the trunk region under the control of the bHLH transcription factor encoded by the twist gene, a determinant of all mesoderm. Later, tinman expression is restricted to the dorsal portion of the mesoderm, a process that is directed by decapentaplegic (dpp) whose product (a TGF-β-related protein) is secreted by the overlaying ectoderm. Further restriction of tinman expression to the cardiac progenitors, in which it will persist throughout development, involves the secreted segmentation gene product encoded by wingless (wg, a Drosophila Wnt gene). Here, we show that strong early expression depends on the synergistic action of an enhancer element at the 5′ end of the gene in conjunction with an element in the first intron. Moreover, two distinct enhancer regions are responsible for tinman expression in the heart: one region confers expression in the heat tube associated pericardial cells, the other element drives expression in the contractile, myocardial cells. The latter element contains two CREB consensus binding sites that are essential for cardiac-specific expression. genesis 26:55–66, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Engaging Subjective Knowledge: How Amar Singh's Diary Narratives of and by the Self Explain Identity Formation

What should count as knowledge in political science? We have tried here to show that subjectivity is valid and useful, that firstperson accounts of experience—‘telling what I know,” narratives of and by the self, partial and contingent truths, and self-asother ethnography—contribute to knowledge. The move to subjective knowledge does not require the abandonment of objectivity. Self-consciousness and reflexivity simply make it possible to render the familiar unfamiliar, to gain a certain detachment, to achieve “objective subjectivity.” Subjective knowledge helps to explain identity and category formation and the politics of recognition. Accessibility to the politics of those taken to be outside the public sphere, those whose behavior is not easily observed or counted by objective political science—colonized persons, subalterns, and marginalized minorities—depends on their ability to articulate their identities, purposes, and interests. Such forms of identity politics have become of increasing interest to political scientists concerned with subaltern agency, multiculturalism, and ethnic conflict and peace.
History of vein grafting

Microsurgical vein grafting for vessel reconstruction has its roots in the vascular surgery of 100 years ago. It was not until the 1950s that vein grafts became more common for treating traumatic, atherosclerotic, and aneurysmal lesions. The success and popularization of extremity replantation quickly led to the utilization of vein grafts in select cases. Current practices use vein grafts whenever needed to bridge gaps in vessel continuity during reconstructive microsurgery.
Governing human subjects research in the USA: Individualized ethics and structural inequalities

The abuse of human subjects has always been, and continues to be, a problem in the United States. In spite of regulation to protect subjects, the exploitation of disenfranchised groups and the reproduction of social inequalities are entrenched in the American research enterprise. This paper argues that current approaches to protecting subjects are insufficient because they prioritize individualized responses to structural problems. What is not often acknowledged or accounted for is that the worst cases of abuse to subjects occur because of unethical treatment of groups, not individuals. Solutions are proposed to make regulation more responsive to these concerns. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.
Regulatory role for the arginine–nitric oxide pathway in metabolism of energy substrates

Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized from L-arginine by NO synthase in virtually all cell types. Emerging evidence shows that NO regulates the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids in mammals. As an oxidant, pathological levels of NO inhibit nearly all enzyme-catalyzed reactions through protein oxidation. However, as a signaling molecule, physiological levels of NO stimulate glucose uptake as well as glucose and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle, heart, liver and adipose tissue; inhibit the synthesis of glucose, glycogen, and fat in target tissues (e.g., liver and adipose); and enhance lipolysis in adipocytes. Thus, an inhibition of NO synthesis causes hyperlipidemia and fat accretion in rats, whereas dietary arginine supplementation reduces fat mass in diabetic fatty rats. The putative underlying mechanisms may involve multiple cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate-dependent pathways. First, NO stimulates the phosphorylation of adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase, resulting in (1) a decreased level of malonyl-CoA via inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and activation of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase and (2) a decreased expression of genes related to lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase). Second, NO increases the phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipins, leading to the translocation of the lipase to the neutral lipid droplets and, hence, the stimulation of lipolysis. Third, NO activates expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha, thereby enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation. Fourth, NO increases blood flow to insulin-sensitive tissues, promoting substrate uptake and product removal via the circulation. Modulation of the arginine-NO pathway through dietary supplementation with L-arginine or L-citrulline may aid in the prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome in obese humans and companion animals, and in reducing unfavorable fat mass in animals of agricultural importance.
Administration of prostaglandin E1 analog reduces rat hepatic and Ito cell collagen gene expression and collagen accumulation after bile duct ligation injury.

Recent studies suggest that prostaglandin E may have the ability to suppress cytokine responsiveness. We examined the effects of prostaglandin E administration on several parameters of acute and chronic liver injury induced by bile duct ligation. Enisoprost, a prostaglandin E1 analog, was found to suppress early hepatic and Ito cell type I collagen gene expression without-diminishing the induction of the fibrogenic cytokine transforming growth factor-β. Overall liver inflammation and cell proliferation were not altered, suggesting that prostaglandin E acts distal to the initial injurious event(s). During later phases, drug administration reduced total collagen accumulation and type I collagen periductular infiltration associated with early nodule formation. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;17:707–714.)
Recent developments in electrical units

Actions have been taken recently by international bodies toward adoption in 1940 of new absolute unit standards for electrical quantities. A brief outline of the development of international standards and of the significance of the change are given in this article by an outstanding authority long active in this field.
Concentration profile of a dissolved polymer near the air-liquid interface: X-ray fluorescence study.

The x-ray fluorescence, at the near-total external reflection configuration, was employed to study the concentration profile of a dissolved polymer near the liquid-gas interface. The determine experimental concentration profile conformed with a hyperbolic cotangent squared dependence with a concentration excess ratio of about 100:1 of the surface relative to the bulk. This experiment presents of first direct measurement of that kind at the air-liquid interface and demonstrates the effectiveness of this new method to study nondestructively interface structures on the scale of tens to hundreds of angstroms. 17 references, 3 figures.
The Hox Paradox: More Complex(es) Than Imagined

An understanding of the origin of different body plans requires knowledge of how the genes and genetic pathways that control embryonic development have evolved. The Hox genes provide an appealing starting point for such studies because they play a well-understood causal role in the regionalization of the body plan of all bilaterally symmetric animals. Vertebrate evolution has been characterized by gene, and possibly genome, duplication events, which are believed to have provided raw genetic material for selection to act upon. It has recently been established that the Hox gene organization of ray-finned fishes, such as the zebrafish, differs dramatically from that of their lobe-finned relatives, a group that includes humans and all the other widely used vertebrate model systems. This unusual Hox gene organization of zebrafish is the result of a duplication event within the ray-finned fish lineage. Thus, teleosts, such as zebrafish, have more Hox genes arrayed over more clusters (or "complexes") than do tetrapod vertebrates. Here, I review our understanding of Hox cluster architecture in different vertebrates and consider the implications of gene duplication for Hox gene regulation and function and the evolution of different body plans.