cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strategic intranets: the next big thing?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the importance the intranet holds for the organization.Design/methodology/approach – Outlines the uses of the intranet, including competitive benchmarking, real‐time feedback, group profiling, and strategy implementation using intranet supporting software.Findings – Today's intranet can become tomorrow's tool for reshaping organizations and helping add meaning and purpose to work.Originality/value – Advocates the intranet as tool that helps us to make the right choices and behave in ways that are consistent with the purpose and objective of the organization.
State based authentication

Access to systems that need protection is usually restricted by asking the user to prove her identity and to authenticate. Combination of user name and password (or PIN) is the most common technique used for this purpose. Unfortunately, user-name/password based authentication is vulnerable to various types of password guessing attacks. Some techniques of making password guessing very difficult do exist. With these techniques, policies for very strong passwords can be avoided, however, they usually rely on manual intervention by the security administrator to manually reset the passwords. Such manual steps result in significant expense in large enterprises to deal with password issues. Here we present a novel technique that uses a State Based Authentication method to significantly increase the cost of brute-force and dictionary attack on passwords. When deployed, it has the potential to reduce the cost of password helpdesk significantly by eliminating the need of most password-reset requests.
Planktonic Foraminifera from Base of Tertiary, Millers Ferry, Alabama: ABSTRACT

The lower few centimeters of the Tertiary (Pine Barren) above the Cretaceous (Prairie Bluff) at Millers Ferry, Alabama, contains an assemblage of very small planktonic Foraminifera with largest dimensions of less than 100 µ. These foraminifers occur in the basal part of the Globigerina edita Zone (=Globorotalia pseudobulloides Zone) which corresponds in part to the lowest nannofossil zone of the Tertiary, the Markalius astroporus Zone. This assemblage occurs at a level similar to that of the central Apennines where Luterbacher and Premoli Silva described a thin zone, named the Globigerina eugubina Zone, of very small planktonic Foraminifera. A scanning electron-microscope study of the Alabama fossils suggests an evolutionary relation to species of the Globigerina edita Zone and to certain Cretaceous species. The Tertiary genera Chiloguembelina and Globoconusa appear morphologically close to Guembelitria cretacea Cushman of the Cretaceous, whose distribution in Cretaceous strata suggests that it was benthonic or had only a partly planktonic life stage. The Cretaceous planktonic species Hedbergella monmouthensis (Olsson) has morphologic characteristics similar to those of Globigerina edita Subbotina and also seems to be linked phylogenetically to Globorotalia pseudobulloides Plummer). Perhaps the most significant evolutionary change that occurred in Cenozoic Globigerinacea is the modification of the outer bilamellid layers and the appearance of crustlike deposits of calcite in adult forms. These changes are viewed as adaptations to more efficient use of the water column including, perhaps for the first time, use of mesopelagic zone. End_of_Article - Last_Page 734------------
Where are the sustainable forestry projects?: A geography of NGO interventions in Ecuador

Abstract For the past 25 years, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have sponsored an increasing number of sustainable development projects in poor rural areas, but the overall pattern of NGO development efforts has remained too difficult to discern. This paper tries to clarify the geographic dimension of NGO led sustainable development efforts through a mapping of NGO sponsored sustainable forestry projects in Ecuador. The mapping and associated analysis reveals considerable unevenness in NGO efforts with people intensive projects clustering near cities and government assisted projects spread more evenly across all rural areas.
Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Stearic Acid Containing Octakis((methoxycarbonyl)methyl)-meso- tetrakis(((eicosanyloxy)carbonyl)phenyl)porphyrin

Molecular mechanics calculations are coupled with a knowledge of properties of porphyrins in solution and available synthetic strategies to computer-designed a lipoporphyrin, [2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octakis((methoxycarbonyl)methyl)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(((eicosanyloxy)carbonyl)phenyl)porphyrin] (LipoP), for future electron-transfer studies and biosensor applications. To prevent separation of the porphyrin and stearic acid phases in the films, the head group was chosen on the basis of earlier studies that showed that its nickel(II) derivative does not π−π aggregate in aqueous solution. The lack of aggregation of the porphyrin unit results from the high degree of nonplanarity of the macrocycle and the steric constraints of the twelve bulky peripheral acid substituents. Nonpolar tails consisting of 20-carbon long linear alkanes were attached to the head group to anchor the LipoP head group into the stearic acid films. Metal derivatives of LipoP have been synthesized and characterized by NMR, resonance Raman, and ...
Indocyanine green (ICG) staining and demarcation of tumor margins in a rat glioma model

The ability of indocyanine green (ICG) to stain and demarcate brain tumor margins was investigated using an intracerebral rat glioma model. Indocyanine green was injected intravenously into tumor-bearing rats and was found to stain the tumor intensely at 60 to 120 mg/kg for at least 1 hour after injection. Furthermore, gross tissue staining was found to coincide with the actual histologic tumor margins within 1 mm. After resection of stained tumor tissue, minimal residual tumor cells at the margins of the resection cavity were identified. This investigation established the capacity of indocyanine green to grossly delineate a rat brain tumor and its margins from adjacent normal parenchyma.
Real and imagined clinicopathological limits of "prion dementia"

Abstract The term "prion dementia" has been proposed to replace "spongiform encephalopathy", to accommodate the existence of atypical forms of these "prion protein" (PrP) cerebral amyloidoses that may not show spongiform changes in the brain. Wetested brain tissue extracts for the presence of PrP from 46 cases (including 13 familial cases) of non-spongiform dementias with a variety of associated neurological signs, referred to our laboratory for primate transmission studies. None of the cases transmitted disease to primates, and none had PrP detectable by western immunoblots of extracted brain tissue. We conclude that prion dementias are not lurking undetected within the larger landscape of neurodegenerative disorders, and that their clinicopathological limits are, except for a small number of previously reported familial cases, essentially those of spongiform encephalopathy.
Molecular and physiologic basis of obstructive sleep apnea.

Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome occurs because of various combinations of anatomic, mechanical, and neurologic anomalies that jeopardize ventilation only when normal state-dependent reductions in drive to upper airway respiratory muscles and pump muscles occur. A well thought out and carefully described infrastructure of the normal and abnormal physiology in persons with OSAHS has been developed over the past few decades, which enables the development of innovative and largely effective therapies. The most recent data complement the infrastructure with the neurochemical changes underlying the state-dependent respiratory disorder and observations that the disease process itself can impair muscles, neural inputs, and soft tissue in a manner that has the potential to worsen disease. Oxidative and nitrosative stress from the repeated oxyhemoglobin desaturations and re-oxygenations is implicated in the injury to these tissues. An improved understanding of the mechanisms through which OSAHS progresses may lead to alternative therapies and aid in the identification of persons at risk for disease progression.
Penile Vascular Assessment Using Color Duplex Sonography in Men with Peyronie's Disease

AbstractPurpose: We assessed penile vasculature in men with Peyronie's disease using color duplex ultrasound.Materials and Methods: A total of 99 consecutive men with Peyronie's disease underwent duplex ultrasound with 60 mg. intracavernous papaverine to gain an understanding of penile vasculature and its correlation to erectile rigidity. Patients were stratified into groups according to duplex ultrasound vascular parameters and the presence or absence of impotence (that is rigidity adequate for intromission).Results: Of 97 men 31 (32 percent) complained of impotence, 8 of 99 (8 percent) had evidence of corporeal veno-occlusive dysfunction on duplex ultrasound (defined as end diastolic flow velocity greater than 4.5 cm. per second) and 43 percent had a history of vascular risk factors that may have contributed to erectile insufficiency. Impotent patients had decreased peak systolic flow velocity, increased end diastolic flow velocity and a higher percent of vascular risk factors (p = 0.0006, 0.027 and 0.0...
Solid-state structure of 2-hydrazino-N-dodecyl(tetradecyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-oxoethanaminium bromide

Abstract The solid state structures of single-chain surfactants 2-hydrazino-N-dodecyl-N.N-dimethyl-2-oxoethanaminium bromide (1a) and the N-tetradecyl homologue (1b) were determined. Compound la crystallized in the centrosymmetric triclinic space group P 1 −1 (Z = 2) in a unit cell of dimensions a = 5.996 (1) A , b = 8.490 (2) A , c = 20.797 (4) A , a = 95.96 (3)°, β = 94.83 (3)°, y = 99.11 (3)°, and V = 1034.2 (4) A 3 . The crystal packing is characterized by an interdigitated bilayer structure featuring London forces among the alkyl chains and electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding within the polar head group region. The alkyl chains pack in the T∥ mode, and the molecular and chain cross sections are 50.26 A2 (S) and 20.65 A2 (Σ) respectively. The structural characteristics of 1b are analogous to those of 1a.
Infrared spectroscopy of the methanol cation and its methylene-oxonium isomer

The carbenium ion with nominal formula [C,H4,O]+ is produced from methanol or ethylene glycol in a pulsed-discharge supersonic expansion source. The ion is mass selected, and its infrared spectrum is measured from 2000 to 4000 cm−1 using laser photodissociation spectroscopy and the method of rare gas atom tagging. Computational chemistry predicts two isomers, the methanol and methylene-oxonium cations. Predicted vibrational spectra based on scaled harmonic and reduced dimensional treatments are compared to the experimental spectra. The methanol cation is the only isomer produced when methanol is used as a precursor. When ethylene glycol is used as the precursor, methylene-oxonium is produced in addition to the methanol cation. Theoretical results at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ level show that methylene-oxonium is lower in energy than methanol cation by 6.4 kcal/mol, and is in fact the global minimum isomer on the [C,H4,O]+ potential surface. Methanol cation is trapped behind an isomerization barrier in our source, providing a convenient method to produce and characterize this transient species. Analysis of the spectrum of the methanol cation provides evidence for strong CH stretch vibration/torsion coupling in this molecular ion.
Relational learning with and without awareness: Transitive inference using nonverbal stimuli in humans

Learning complex relationships among items and representing them flexibly have been shown to be highly similar in function and structure to conscious forms of learning. However, it is unclear whether conscious learning is essential for the exhibition of flexibility in learning. Successful performance on the transitive inference task requires representational flexibility. Participants learned four overlapping premise pairs (A > B, B > C, C > D, D > E) that could be encoded separately or as a sequential hierarchy (A > B > C > D > E). Some participants (informed) were told prior to training that the task required an inference made from premise pairs. Other participants (uninformed) were told simply that they were to learn a series of pairs by trial and error. Testing consisted of unreinforced trials that included the nonadjacent pair, B versus D, to assess capacity for transitive inference. Not surprisingly, those in the informed condition outperformed those in the uninformed condition. After completion of training and testing, uninformed participants were given a postexperimental questionnaire to assess awareness of the task structure. In contrast with expectations, successful performance on the transitive inference task for uninformed participants does not depend on or correlate with postexperimental awareness. The present results suggest that relational learning tasks do not necessarily require conscious processes.
Genetic and environmental variability in wheat characteristics reported to be involved in morphological resistance to wheat stem rust

Four morphological characteristics of wheat peduncles were evaluated for genetic and environmental variability. The thickness of the epidermis and the amount and distribution of chlorenchyma tissue in the peduncle were measured. The genetic variability was estimated to be large, whereas the environmental variability was small. It was also concluded that cultivars could be screened for morphological characteristics of the peduncle that contributed to non-specific resistance to stem rust with a minimum sample size of about 10 plants per replication from a single location.
The risk of recurrent IgA nephropathy in a steroid-free protocol and other modifying immunosuppression

Recurrent glomerulonephritis is an important cause of kidney allograft failure. The effect of immunosuppression on recurrent IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is unclear. We analyzed the impact of steroids and other immunosuppression on the risk of recurrent IgAN post-kidney transplantation. Between June 1989 and November 2008, 3311 kidney transplants were performed at our center. IgAN was the primary disease in 124 patients; of these, 75 (60.5%) patients received steroid-based immunosuppression (15 undergoing late steroid withdrawal), and 49 (39.5%) were maintained on steroid-free immunosuppression. Recurrent IgAN was diagnosed in 27 of 124 (22%) patients in clinically indicated kidney allograft biopsies over a median follow-up of 6.86 ± 5.4 yr. On cox proportional hazards model multivariate analysis, the hazard risk (HR) of IgAN recurrence was significantly higher in patients managed with steroid-free (HR 8.59: 3.03, 24.38, p < 0.001) and sirolimus-based (HR = 3.00:1.16, 7.75, p = 0.024) immunosuppression without antilymphocyte globulin induction (HR = 4.5: 1.77, 11.73, p = 0.002). Mycophenolate use was associated with a lower risk (HR = 0.42: 0.19, 0.95, p = 0.036), whereas cyclosporine did not have a significant impact on the risk of IgAN recurrence (p = 0.61). These results warrant future prospective studies regarding the role of steroids and other immunosuppression drugs in reducing recurrence of IgAN and other glomerulonephritis post-transplant.
Acetabular cartilage thickness: Accuracy of three-dimensional reconstructions from multidetector CT arthrograms in a cadaver study

Acetabular cartilage thickness can be estimated to approximately ±0.5 mm of the true value with 95% tolerance when cartilage geometry is semiautomatically reconstructed from multidetector CT arthrographic image data by using commercial segmentation software.
TBX10, a member of the Tbx1-subfamily of conserved developmental genes, is located at human chromosome 11q13 and proximal mouse chromosome 19.

The T-box developmental gene family was originally described in the mouse (Bollag et al. 1994), and homologs were subsequently identified in a wide variety of metazoans (Agulnik et al. 1995). T-box genes encode transcription factors that are expressed differentially during embryogenesis and/or in tissue-specific fashion throughout adulthood (reviewed in Smith 1997). The importance of T-box genes recently was underscored by the identification of TBX gene mutations in two human developmental diseases— TBX5 in Holt-Oram syndrome (Li et al. 1997; Basson et al. 1997) and TBX3 in ulnar-mammary syndrome (Bamshad et al. 1997). Here we report the isolation and mapping of a new T-box family member, TBX10/Tbx10, in human and mouse. We isolated the human clone from a lambda Charon 4A lymph node genomic library (ATCC LI014), using reduced stringency hybridization with a mouse Tbx1 cDNA probe. This probe is comprised of sequence within the highly conserved T-box region of Tbx1 (nt258-nt439 of GenBank entry MMU57327), and, as expected, the isolated clone showed high sequence similarity to the T-box of both mouse Tbx1 and human TBX1 (Chieffo et al. 1997). Human TBX1 resides at Chromosome (Chr) 22q11, syntenic to the map location of mouse Tbx1 on Chr 16 (Chieffo et al. 1997). Our localization of human TBX10 to Chr 11q13 (Figs. 1, 2A) and gene sequence analysis (Fig. 3) confirm that the isolated gene is a related, but distinct, member of the Tbx1 subfamily, which we have designated TBX10. By FISH analysis, human TBX10 maps to Chr 11q13 (Fig. 1). To refine the map location, human TBX10 was isolated in a CEPH/Genethon YAC contig linked to anonymous markers spanning 11q13.1-q13.2 (Fig. 2A). YAC clones 894A10 and 809C9 were isolated using an STS based on TBX10 exon sequence (TBX10Exon-F:58-TTAGACAGCTCGGCCTGG-38 and TBX10Exon-R: 58-CATTGTCATCCAGCAGGTTG-38). The YAC contig in Fig. 2A shows that human TBX10 is within 100 kb of anonymous marker AFMa152yh1 at 11q13.2. This places TBX10 in close proximity to the locus for Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1 (BBS1), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by retinitis pigmentosa, polydactyly, obesity, hypogenitalism, mental retardation, and renal malformations (Bruford et al. 1997; Leppert et al., 1994). Screening of the GenBank database with human TBX10 sequence identified mouse T-cell cDNA clones 550940 (GenBank Accession No. AA098449) as a highly significant match. A probe derived from this clone was mapped on the BSS backcross panel to proximal Chr 19 and co-segregated with marker D19Bir1 (Fig. 2B; MGD-JNUM-43729). This location is within a region of known synteny to human Chr 11q13 (DeBry and Seldin 1996). To further confirm that we were studying the mouse ortholog of the human TBX10 gene, we compared available gene sequence outside of the highly conserved T-box (Fig. 3). High homology in Correspondence to: D.J. Law
Mechanisms of convergence and extension by cell intercalation

The cells of many embryonic tissues actively narrow in one dimension (convergence) and lengthen in the perpendicular dimension (extension). Convergence and extension are ubiquitous and important tissue movements in metazoan morphogenesis. In vertebrates, the dorsal axial and paraxial mesodermal tissues, the notochordal and somitic mesoderm, converge and extend. In amphibians as well as a number of other organisms where these movements appear, they occur by mediolateral cell intercalation, the rearrangement of cells along the mediolateral axis to produce an array that is narrower in this axis and longer in the anteroposterior axis. In amphibians, mesodermal cell intercalation is driven by bipolar, mediolaterally directed protrusive activity, which appears to exert traction on adjacent cells and pulls the cells between one another. In addition, the notochordal-somitic boundary functions in convergence and extension by 'capturing' notochordal cells as they contact the boundary, thus elongating the boundary. The prospective neural tissue also actively converges and extends parallel with the mesoderm. In contrast to the mesoderm, cell intercalation in the neural plate normally occurs by monopolar protrusive activity directed medially, towards the midline notoplate-floor-plate region. In contrast, the notoplate-floor-plate region appears to converge and extend by adhering to and being towed by or perhaps migrating on the underlying notochord. Converging and extending mesoderm stiffens by a factor of three or four and exerts up to 0.6 microN force. Therefore, active, force-producing convergent extension, the mechanism of cell intercalation, requires a mechanism to actively pull cells between one another while maintaining a tissue stiffness sufficient to push with a substantial force. Based on the evidence thus far, a cell-cell traction model of intercalation is described. The essential elements of such a morphogenic machine appear to be (i) bipolar, mediolaterally orientated or monopolar, medially directed protrusive activity; (ii) this protrusive activity results in mediolaterally orientated or medially directed traction of cells on one another; (iii) tractive protrusions are confined to the ends of the cells; (iv) a mechanically stable cell cortex over the bulk of the cell body which serves as a movable substratum for the orientated or directed cell traction. The implications of this model for cell adhesion, regulation of cell motility and cell polarity, and cell and tissue biomechanics are discussed.
An Experimental Study of Minimum-time Optimal High Pressure Gas Storage System Recharging

This work describes the implementation and experimental application of a nonlinear optimal control strategy for recharging gas storage tank systems from a high pressure source. The objective of the open-loop optimal control strategy presented here is to refill a high pressure gas storage tank in minimum time with a specified quantity of gas subject to pressure and temperature constraints. The nonlinearity in the system model arises from the non-ideal thermodynamic behavior of the gas at the high operating pressures under consideration. The control strategy is illustrated using an experimental carbon dioxide recharging system. We choose this system because there are significant deviations from ideal behavior at relatively low pressure.
Sexual violence on the college campus: a template for compliance with federal policy.

Objective: The author introduces a template, the Model Policy for the Prevention and Response to Sexual Assault, to assist institutions of higher education to benchmark campus policy compliance with federal laws directed at sexual assault. The author presents a detailed review of policy criteria recommended by the National Institute of Justice. The author proposes 2 unique criteria not found in the National Institute of Justice report for consideration for a comprehensive campus sexual assault policy. Conclusion: The template provides an inclusive system to benchmark campus sexual assault policies. Conforming to the template provides compliance with federal laws and demonstrates that the campus fosters a climate that does not tolerate sexual violence.
Osteochondral autograft plug transfer for treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum in adolescent athletes.

Background Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the capitellum is a condition most commonly seen in adolescents involved in repetitive overhead sports and can profoundly affect ability to return to play and long-term elbow function. Treatment of large, unstable defects in the elbow with osteochondral autograft plug transfer has not been adequately studied. Methods We retrospectively identified 11 teenaged patients with large (>1 cm 2 ) capitellar OCD treated with osteochondral autograft plug transfer. Average age at the time of surgery was 14.5 years (range, 13-17 years). Outcome measures obtained included return to play, preoperative and postoperative elbow range of motion, Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH; Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada) by telephone interview, and osseous integration on radiographs. All 11 patients were available for evaluation at an average of 22.7 months (range, 6-49 months) postoperatively. Results All patients were involved in competitive high school athletics and returned to at least their preinjury level of play. Average return to play was 4.4 months (range 3-7 months). The average final DASH was 1.4 (95% confidence interval, 0.6-2.1), and the average final sport-specific DASH was 1.7 (95% confidence interval −1.8 to 5.2). Elbow range of motion significantly improved, including improvement in flexion from a preoperative average of 126° to a postoperative average of 141° ( P = .009) and improvement in extension from a preoperative average of 21° to a postoperative average of 5° ( P = .006). Conclusions Treatment of large, unstable OCD lesions of the capitellum in adolescent athletes allows reliable return to play, is safe, and has good clinical outcomes at short-term follow-up.
Frederick Douglass: Abolitionist and Humanist

As a political abolitionist, Frederick Douglass (1818?-1895) consistently struggled to balance his interests in the elimination of slavery with his broader concern for racial equality and human rights. Through the pages of the Douglass' Monthly, he presented a discourse, which attempted to reframe the debate over slavery. This discourse emphasized the discrepancy between the constitutional interpretation of democracy and American cultural practices. This essay explores the design of Douglass' rhetorical strategies used to advocate constitutional recognition of blacks. In particular, his strategic use of the Douglass' Monthly, for the purpose of convincing abolitionists to support his agenda is investigated.
A nanoscale numerical model of calcium silicate hydrate

Abstract This manuscript presents a numerical model of the low-density and high-density calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H) gel phases in cement paste. Generated using an autocatalytic growth algorithm, C–S–H is introduced as an assemblage of discrete granular particles at nanoscale with realistic particle-level properties, such as elastic modulus, friction, and cohesion. Using the discrete element method, nanoindentation simulations are performed on each phase, demonstrating that its mechanical contact properties compare well to the results from nanoindentation experiments in the literature. By creating an additional loosely packed phase of C–S–H and maintaining constant particle-level material properties, the results further show that the indentation modulus, as a function of the volumetric packing fraction of the C–S–H gel phase, compares well to a linear self-consistent scaling relation while the hardness most closely fits a nonlinear self-consistent scaling relation.
On the provision of backward error recovery in production programming languages

The problem of providing backward error recovery in production programming languages is examined. By 'production' is meant programming languages with sufficient expressive power that they can be used for substantial applications. (Ada is an example of a production programming language.) This examination reveals several new problems that have not been addressed previously. The authors show the relative immaturity of the backward error recovery approach in relation to languages of which Ada is but one example. They also show that the source of the problems is the continuous need to be able to define a recovery line so as to be able to perform state restoration. Many language constructs that have not been addressed by other researchers, such as shared objects, process creation and destruction, and pointers, make the establishment of a recovery line extremely difficult. >
Distribution fitting and parameterization of individual operator work routine times for small dairy parlors.

Abstract A time and motion study was conducted at 13 small dairy farms with average herd sizes less than 100 cows. Parlors were configured with 3 to 6 stalls per side. A data acquisition methodology was developed using a video camera to gather work routine time data in the parlors. A computer-based data logger was used to extract individual event durations during video playback. Each parlor's video record was reviewed in the laboratory so that work routine times across all parlors and operators could be pooled to estimate typical operator performance. There were 34 operator work routine times associated with various procedures in milking parlors that were evaluated in this study. Individual times were compiled for each work routine and a data-fitting program called UNIFIT was used to fit the data to 1 of 4 data models: gamma, lognormal, Weibull, and Pearson #5. Each of 34 work routine variables was fitted, tested, and plotted to determine how well each of those models fit the actual data. Distributions for Pearson #5, lognormal, gamma, and Weibull models were best fitted to 12, 10, 8, and 4 work routine times, respectively. More common tasks such as attaching the milker, grabbing a towel, and drying the udder were more consistently executed and had smaller variances than routines in which the operator would leave the pit to go to the milk room or disassembled the milk collector after milking. One of the better fitting models was the lognormal distribution for the time to "attach milker," which had a low relative discrepancy to the P-P plot (model probability vs. data probability) of 0.019 and a moderate χ 2 test value of 0.358, thus demonstrating a good fit of the model to the data. Simulation tests were compared with observed data to validate models for work routine times and demonstrated that the models accurately predict parlor throughput in small- to medium-sized parlors.
Effects of valproate and citrulline on ammonium-induced encephalopathy.

Summary: Hyperammonemia is a recognized side effect of treatment with the antiepileptic drug (AED) valproate (VPA). Encephalopathic complications have also been observed in some patients receiving VPA therapy. The relation between VPA-induced hyperammonemia and encephalopathy is not clear, however. A model of ammonium (NH4,+)-induced coma was used to investigate the contribution of VPA and to assess the efficacy of citrulline (a urea cycle intermediate) on hyperammonemia and encephalopathy. In groups of 6–12 rats, administration of VPA (2.5 mmol/kg) was associated with (a) a decrease in the dose of NH4+ that produces coma in 50% of the animals (CD50) from 6.1 to 3.6 mmol/kg, and (b) significant increases in blood ammonia concentrations in NH4,+ treated animals. In addition, clear evidence also showed that in the presence of VPA, a lesser concentration of ammonia produced coma. Citrulline treatment (5. 0 mmol/ kg) was associated with (a) an increase in the CD50 value of NH4,+treated animals from 6.1 to 8.6 mmolikg, (b) a statistically significant decrease in ammonia concentration at all doses examined, (c) complete protection from encephalopathic effects of NH, + at citrulline concentrations threeto tenfold greater than basal levels; and (d) a 24% increase in the CD, value and a statistically significant decrease in ammonia concentration of VPA/NH4,+ treated animals. These findings indicate that VPA has a dual effect on encephalopathy and that citrulline should benefit those patients treated with VPA who experience adverse encephalopathic effects.
Dielectric properties of valine doped TGS single crystals

Abstract Several kinds of alanine, LiVO3 and valine doped TGS single crystals were grown from solution by a slow cooling method. Temperature dependence dielectric spectra were measured to study the variation of transition temperature, Kmax and room temperature dielectric constant depending on the dopants. Furthermore, several pieces were selected to investigate the positional inhomogeneities of the same crystal. D-E hysteresis loop measurements were done to check for the internal bias field (Eb ). The measurements did not show a high figure of merit (p/K) in valine-doped TGS because of a possible low temperature relaxation around –10°C, although it has three times higher pyroelectric coefficient than that of alanine at transition temperature (Tc).
Benign neonatal hemangiomatosis with aggressive growth of cutaneous lesions.

: A patient experienced rapidly proliferating, multiple cutaneous hemangiomas subject to significant hemorrhage, with associated asymptomatic pulmonary involvement. The dramatic features of his cutaneous disease, an overview of the spectrum of neonatal hemangiomatosis, and recent therapeutic options are reviewed.
AlgR, a response regulator controlling mucoidy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, binds to the FUS sites of the algD promoter located unusually far upstream from the mRNA start site

Strong transcriptional activation of algD, a key event in the overproduction of alginate and establishment of mucoidy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, depends on the functional algR gene. The predicted gene product of algR shows homologies to response regulators from bacterial signal transduction systems. The algR gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, its product (AlgR) was purified by utilizing its apparent affinity for heparin, and its sequence was verified by partial amino acid sequence analysis. AlgR was found to interact directly with the algD promoter. Deletion mapping analysis, in conjunction with mobility shift DNA-binding assays, indicated the presence of three regions within the algD promoter capable of specifically binding AlgR. A relatively weak interaction was observed with the algD promoter fragment containing the region immediately upstream of the algD mRNA start site (-144 to +11). However, when fragments spanning regions located very far upstream from the algD mRNA initiation site (-533 and -332) were used, strong specific binding was observed. These regions were separated by a DNA segment not binding AlgR and spanning positions -332 to -144. DNase I footprinting analysis further established the presence of discrete AlgR binding sites overlapping with FUS, the far-upstream sites required for full induction of algD transcription and its environmental modulation. There were two distinct binding sites: RB1, spanning nucleotides -479 to -457, and RB2, spanning nucleotides -400 to -380. Both of these sequences shared a highly conserved core region, ACCGTTCGTC. These results established a direct interaction of AlgR with the algD promoter and revealed an arrangement of binding sites highly unusual for response regulators of the AlgR type.
Web-based design and evaluation of T-cell vaccine candidates

Summary: We present a suite of on-line tools to design candidate vaccine proteins, and to assess antigen potential, using coverage of k-mers (as proxies for potential T-cell epitopes) as a metric. The vaccine design tool uses the recently published ‘mosaic’ method to generate protein sequences optimized for coverage of high-frequency k-mers; the coverage-assessment tools facilitate coverage comparisons for any potential antigens. To demonstrate these tools, we designed mosaic protein sets for B-clade HIV-1 Gag, Pol and Nef, and compared them to antigens used in a recent human vaccine trial. Availability: http://hiv.lanl.gov/content/sequence/MOSAIC/ Contact: [email protected] Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at ftp://ftp-t10.lanl.gov/pub/btk/WebToolsData
Topology Optimization of Flows: Stokes and Navier-Stokes Models

This lecture will discuss density-based approaches for solving flow topology optimization problems. The focus is on low-Reynolds number fluid models, namely Stokes and laminar Navier-Stokes models, at steady-state conditions.
Mexico: A Liberalisation Leader?

Mexico was one of the ‘early liberalisers’ among developing countries. In the early years, Mexico stood out as one of the most excessive users of temporary trade barriers – almost entirely in the form of antidumping measures – but consistent with its other trade barriers, Mexico has reduced the use of these measures over time. Mexico’s two primary targets have been and remain China and the United States, and active measures against China that were in place since 1993 were removed just before the financial crisis hit in 2008. Unlike many other developing countries, Mexico’s increased use of TTBs during the 2008-10 financial crisis was slight (if at all), especially when compared to historical use.
Antitrust and the Health Care Industry: The View from the Three Branches

This article provides a critical appraisal of the summer's three major health care antitrust events. The California Dental Association case, the Justice Department's challenge to the Aetna-Prudential merger, and the proposed Quality Health Care Coalition Act of 1999 are likely to have a significant influence on the trajectory of antitrust enforcement in the coming years. The author argues that the reasoning of these precedents suffers from an over reaction to the managed care bogeyman and a lack of attention to sound antitrust jurisprudence. In a postscript, it finds similar shortcomings with the Eighth Circuit's recent decision in FTC & State of Missouri v. Tenet Healthcare. The increasing unwillingness of courts and policymakers to assume that health care markets should be left to function without strong deference to the judgment of health professionals marks a new and unwarranted turn in antitrust health care doctrine that the author criticizes.
Flutter Modeling and Suppression for a Strut-Braced Wing

High aspect-ratio aircraft require di erent design modeling from those with traditional moderate aspect ratios. High aspect-ratio aircraft are generally more exible structures than the traditional wing; therefore, they require modeling methods capable of handling a exible structure even at the preliminary design stage. An investigation of utter properties for a two-dimensional airfoil was conducted to approximate utter characteristics for thin, high aspect ratio wings in application to the Truss-Braced Wing project at Virginia Tech. Assumptions are made to maintain linearity of the model for the purposes of this study. A three degree-of-freedom model was developed from the standard two-degree-of-freedom model to investigate airfoil parameters that a ect utter in thin, high aspect ratio wings. The study shows that these model parameters will have a negative e ect on the utter velocity, frequency, and mode shapes under certain conditions. A simple beam model is developed to study a three dimensional wing system; this study focuses on a strut-braced wing con guration optimized for minimum take-o gross weight. Flutter suppression methods based on ballast mass placement are investigated for the three-dimension strut-braced wing con guration. Sensitivity studies for ballast mass and acceleration based active control methods are shown.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN FINANCIAL KNOWLEDGE : A REPLICATION AND EXTENSION

Replicates and extends findings that 80 college men report more subjective and real financial knowledge than 35 college women, even when students' major area of study is considered.
Human Expectations of Social Robots

A key assumption that drives much of HRI research is that human robot collaboration can be improved by advancing a robot's capabilities. We argue that this assumption has potentially negative implications, as increasing social capabilities in robots can produce an expectations gap where humans develop unrealistically high expectations of social robots due to generalization from human mental models. By conducting two studies with 674 participants, we examine how people develop and adjust mental models of robots. We find that both a robot's physical appearance and its behavior influence how we form these models. This suggests it is possible for a robot to unintentionally manipulate a human into building an inaccurate mental model of its overall abilities simply by displaying a few capabilities that humans possess, such as speaking and turn-taking. We conclude that this expectations gap, if not corrected for, could ironically result in less effective collaborations as robot capabilities improve.
Abstract B38: A novel (+)-dehydroabietylamine derivative shows activity against triple-negative breast cancer cells

In both well developed and developing countries, breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Very few effective treatments are available to its subtype triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), being unresponsive to estrogen therapy. A phenotypic screening was performed on terrestrial natural products against the human breast carcinoma cell lines MDA-MB-231, MA11, and MCF-7 targeting new chemical scaffolds to TNBC. Further studies were focused on abietanes natural products that preferentially inhibited proliferation of triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells over estrogen receptor–positive cells. The activity of the abietane carnosol prompted to generate a focus library from the readily available (+)-dehydroabietylamine. The lead compound (+)-pentafluoro sulfonamide derivative of dehydroabietylamine displayed a promising EC50 of 9.0 μM against MDA-MB-231 and our mechanistic studies indicate it induced apoptosis, which was associated with activation of caspase-9 and -3 and the cleavage of PARP. Current progress towards this promising therapeutic area will be discussed. Citation Format: Lekh Nath Sharma Gautam, Taotao Ling, Fatima Rivas. A novel (+)-dehydroabietylamine derivative shows activity against triple-negative breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2015 Oct 23-26; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B38.
Transplantation of Bone

The fate of bone transplants is delineated by the presentation of general information on the microscopy of autogenous bone transplant repair, the mechanisms of bone allograft rejection, and possible alternatives when autogenous bone is insufficient.
Genetic Analysis of Polypeptide Chain Folding and Misfolding in Vivo

Some 30 years have passed since the first protein structures were determined by X-ray crystallography, and since Anfinsen and co-workers established that the information for determining conformation could be contained solely within the polypeptide chain (see Anfinsen, 1973). The three-dimensional structure of more than 200 proteins is known to atomic resolution. For each of these proteins, and for thousands more, the amino acid sequence is also known exactly. Yet we are only beginning to be able to predict and understand how the sequence of the amino acids along polypeptide chains determines their three-dimensional conformation.
Assortativity Analysis of Real-World Network Graphs based on Centrality Metrics

Assortativity index ( A. Index ) of real-world network graphs has been traditionally computed based on the degree centrality metric and the networks were classified as assortative, dissortative or neutral if the A. Index values are respectively greater than 0, less than 0 or closer to 0. In this paper, we evaluate the A. Index of real-world network graphs based on some of the commonly used centrality metrics (betweenness, eigenvector and closeness) in addition to degree centrality and observe that the assortativity classification of real-world network graphs depends on the node-level centrality metric used. We also propose five different levels of assortativity (strongly assortative, weakly assortative, neutral, weakly dissortative and strongly dissortative) for real-world networks and the corresponding range of A. Index value for the classification. We analyze a collection of 50 real-world network graphs with respect to each of the above four centrality metrics and estimate the empirical probability of observing a real-world network graph to exhibit a particular level of assortativity. We claim that a real-world network graph is more likely to be neutral with respect to the betweenness and degree centrality metrics and more likely to be assortative with respect to the eigenvector and closeness centrality metrics.
A Framework for Analysis

The goal of the previous chapter was to provide an introduction to coordination games and some evidence on coordination failures. In the end, we find that coordination failures can arise in fairly simple experimental settings. While these experiments are certainly suggestive that coordination problems may arise, they leave open an important question: what are the underlying economic interactions that lead to coordination games? The answer offered in this chapter takes the form of two abstract frameworks for analysis. The first, drawing upon Cooper and John [1988], stresses the interaction between agents in strategic settings where strategies are simply scalars in a closed interval. This formulation leads to a relatively straightforward equilibrium analysis, including conditions for multiple equilibria and some welfare results. The main point is that coordination games, such as those illustrated in the previous chapter, rest upon an interaction between agents termed strategic complementarity . As suggested already, this interaction implies that increased effort by other agents leads the remaining agent to follow suit. Besides becoming the basis for multiple equilibria, the strategic complementarity gives rise to multiplier effects. The second part of the chapter looks at more general interactions. While almost all current macroeconomic applications of coordination games can be cast in the Cooper–John framework, the more general structure, investigated most recently by Milgrom and Roberts [1990] and Vives [1990], is quite powerful and worthy of study. COOPER–JOHN MODEL Cooper and John [1988] consider a game which highlights the key theme in this literature: the concept of strategic complementarity.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a pathologic process that consists of androgen-dependent increases in the number of epithelial and stromal cells in the periurethral area of the prostate. BPH contributes to, but is not the sole cause of, lower urinary tract symptoms in aging men.
Elevated K+ channel activity opposes vasoconstrictor response to serotonin in cerebral arteries of the Fawn Hooded Hypertensive rat.

Previous studies suggest that middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) of Fawn Hooded Hypertensive (FHH) rats exhibit impaired myogenic response and introgression of a small region of Brown Norway chromosom...
A Distributed and Shared Register File for a Multiprocessor-on-Chip to Support Real-Time Applications

The authors have developed 116 times 32-bit 1-write-port, 2-read-port, 4-read/write-port register file to be shared by five processors in a multiprocessor-on-a-chip, supporting conditional operands in both read and write operations. This register file provides the underlying SoC with an inter-processor transparent communication layer in which each processor shares a distributed (register) address space (comprised of 32 registers) with eight other processors to reach a tightly-coupled array of processors with high-performance inter-processor communication facilitating real-time applications
Optimizing simulation speed of FPGA model-based synthesis

FPGA capacity is quickly outpacing designer's productivity and limiting the ability to exploit FPGA processing resources. Model-based synthesis, where a high level behavioral model is used for fast design iteration, which is then synthesizable directly into FPGA object code has been proposed as a solution. Several orders of magnitude difference in simulation speed have been observed between different variants of behavioral and model-based design tools and thus understanding and optimizing the trade between simulation speed and abstraction is critical. A dynamic level of abstraction of the model is also examined to study trades between abstraction, simulation speed and accuracy. Mathworks' HDL Coder tool, hand optimized behavioral VHDL, and vendor optimized Xilinx's System Generator are compared. Results are shown of directly synthesizable models with up to 894X simulation speedups compared to hand coded HDL simulations and 4356X speedups compared to other model-based synthesis tools.