cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Career Development for Youth with Disabilities in South Korea: The Intersection of Culture, Theory, and Policy

Youth with disabilities face difficulties resulting from attitudinal, environmental, and organizational barriers not only in initially accessing and entering school (World Health Organization [WHO], 2011), but also as they transition from school age youth to working adults.┬a With a focus on facilitating a better understanding of the issues, challenges, and solutions associated with the design and implementation of career development services for youth with disabilities, this article describes the status quo for students with disabilities in South Korea and then discusses career development services that potentially reduce variation, help facilitate optimal career development, and promote future employment opportunities.┬a To accomplish this task, we explore the intersection of culture, theory, and policy in the Korean transition service delivery system.
CE-42 SLE presenting in association with humoral immunodeficiency

Rational Humoral immunodeficiency syndromes including common variable immune deficiency (CVID) are not uncommonly associated with autoimmune features seen in SLE. Studies were undertaken at an academic centre managing both disorders to determine the relative prevalence, clinical and immunologic features, and outcomes of SLE associated with humoral immunodeficiency. Methods A retrospective review of records identified using an electronic medical record search of diagnosis codes for SLE and hypogammaglobulinemia seen between 2011 and 2016 was undertaken. The clinical and immunologic profile was determined for patients with confirmed or suspected SLE who also had undergone evaluation for humoral immunodeficiency. Results We identified 40 patients meeting ACR criteria for SLE with inadequate response to pneumococcal vaccine challenge (failure to generate protective antibody titer to ≥5/14 pneumococcal vaccine antigens) and/or low serum IgG levels ( 700 mg/dl. Frequent upper/lower respiratory infections requiring antibiotic treatment (≥3 episodes/year) were reported in 25/40 (63%) patients. SLE features developed 2–26 years (mean = 8.9 years) prior to the recognition of low serum IgG in 27 (68%) patients, whereas initial SLE features were noted concurrently with or 3–4 years following first confirmed low IgG levels in 13 (33%). Arthritis (75%), photosensitivity (81%), malar rash (63%) and mucosal ulcers (56%) were the most prevalent SLE features. Only 9 (23%) of patients had low complement C3 or C4 levels, 6 (15%) had cytopenias, and 2 (5%) had elevated levels of anti-dsDNA. The majority of patients were managed with antimalarials (86%), with 8/40 (20%) also using methotrexate; 18/40 (45%) were on treatment with IVIG and 6/40 (15%) were on treatment with belimumab. Disease activity was low (SLEDAI score ≤ 2) in 37/40 (93%) at the last noted follow-up assessment. In the four patients for whom sera was available for testing, levels of BLyS(BAFF) were elevated relative to those noted in 20 control patients without autoimmunity or immunodeficiency, but less than that noted in 20 SLE patients without noted humoral immunodeficiency. Conclusion SLE may be a presenting feature of patients with humoral immunodeficiency. Serum immunoglobulin levels and assessment of the response to pneumococcal vaccination for patients with low or low normal serum IgG levels should be included as part of the evaluation for suspected SLE. Favourable outcomes are seen in the context of standard of care treatment for SLE combined with immunoglobulin replacement therapy and/or belimumab.
Kinetic sorption of contaminants of emerging concern by a palygorskite-montmorillonite filter medium.

Kinetic sorption of bisphenol A (BPA), carbamazepine (CMZ) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) by three palygorskite-montmorillonite (Pal-Mt) granule sizes was studied. For BPA, CMZ and CIP, apparent sorption equilibrium was reached within about 3, 5 and 16 h, respectively. The highest and the lowest sorption capacities were by the small and the large granule sizes, respectively. Experimental results were compared to various sorption kinetics models to gain insights regarding the sorption processes and achieve a predictive capacity. The pseudo-second order (PSO) and the Elovich models performed the best while the pseudo-first order (PFO) model was only adequate for CMZ. The intraparticle-diffusion (IPD) model showed a two-step linear plot of BPA, CMZ and CIP sorption versus square root of time that was indicative of surface-sorption followed by IPD as a rate-limiting process before equilibrium was reached. Using the pseudo-first order (PFO) and the pseudo-second order (PSO) rate constants combined with previously-established Langmuir equilibrium sorption models, the kinetic sorption (ka) and desorption (kd) Langmuir kinetic rate constants were theoretically calculated for BPA and CIP. Kinetic sorption was then simulated using these theoretically calculated ka and kd values, and the simulations were compared to the observed behavior. The simulations fit the observed sorbed concentrations better during the early part of the experiments; the observed sorption during later times occurred more slowly than expected, supporting the hypothesis that IPD becomes a rate-limiting process during the course of the experiment.
Uranium mobility and accumulation along the Rio Paguate, Jackpile Mine in Laguna Pueblo, NM.

The mobility and accumulation of uranium (U) along the Rio Paguate, adjacent to the Jackpile Mine, in Laguna Pueblo, New Mexico was investigated using aqueous chemistry, electron microprobe, X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy analyses. Given that it is not common to identify elevated concentrations of U in surface water sources, the Rio Paguate is a unique site that concerns the Laguna Pueblo community. This study aims to better understand the solid chemistry of abandoned mine waste sediments from the Jackpile Mine and identify key hydrogeological and geochemical processes that affect the fate of U along the Rio Paguate. Solid analyses using X-ray fluorescence determined that sediments located in the Jackpile Mine contain ranges of 320 to 9200 mg kg−1 U. The presence of coffinite, a U(IV)-bearing mineral, was identified by X-ray diffraction analyses in abandoned mine waste solids exposed to several decades of weathering and oxidation. The dissolution of these U-bearing minerals from abandoned mine wastes could contribute to U mobility during rain events. The U concentration in surface waters sampled closest to mine wastes are highest during the southwestern monsoon season. Samples collected from September 2014 to August 2016 showed higher U concentrations in surface water adjacent to the Jackpile Mine (35.3 to 772 μg L−1) compared with those at a wetland 4.5 kilometers downstream of the mine (5.77 to 110 μg L−1). Sediments co-located in the stream bed and bank along the reach between the mine and wetland had low U concentrations (range 1–5 mg kg−1) compared to concentrations in wetland sediments with higher organic matter (14–15%) and U concentrations (2–21 mg kg−1). Approximately 10% of the total U in wetland sediments was amenable to complexation with 1 mM sodium bicarbonate in batch experiments; a decrease of U concentration in solution was observed over time in these experiments likely due to re-association with sediments in the reactor. The findings from this study provide new insights about how hydrologic events may affect the reactivity of U present in mine waste solids exposed to surface oxidizing conditions, and the influence of organic-rich sediments on U accumulation in the Rio Paguate.
Testing two crackle criteria using modified jet noise waveforms.

The jet sound quality “crackle” has historically been studied and quantified using the statistics of the pressure waveform. Some investigators have suggested crackle, and its associated shock content, may be better quantified using the statistics of the time derivative of the waveform. Modified waveforms are used to evaluate crackle prediction criteria based on the skewness of each variable. The resultant waveforms are provided as direct evidence that the pressure distribution does not directly predict or quantify a crackling sound quality while the statistics of the derivative appear to do so.
A Unifying Principle

At this point we wish to discuss a principle which we introduced in [2] and which simultaneously yields several of the major results in Quantification Theory. The mathematical content of this principle is not really very different from that of our last theorem (Theorem 7, Chapter V), but it is in a form which makes no reference to the particular formal system of tableaux (or to any other specific formal system, for that matter). We believe that this is a good point to discuss this principle while the tableau method is still fresh in the reader’s mind. We shall apply the principle several times in the further course of this study.
A Model to Predict the Use of Surgical Resection for Advanced-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Background For advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer, chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy are the primary treatments. Although surgical intervention in these patients is associated with improved survival, the effect of selection bias is poorly defined. Our objective was to characterize selection bias and identify potential surgical candidates by constructing a Surgical Selection Score (SSS). Methods Patients with clinical stage IIIA, IIIB, or IV non-small cell lung cancer were identified in the National Cancer Data Base from 1998 to 2012. Logistic regression was used to develop the SSS based on clinical characteristics. Estimated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess discrimination performance of the SSS. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare patients with similar SSSs. Results We identified 300,572 patients with stage IIIA, IIIB, or IV non-small cell lung cancer without missing data; 6% (18,701) underwent surgical intervention. The surgical cohort was 57% stage IIIA (n = 10,650), 19% stage IIIB (n = 3,483), and 24% stage IV (n = 4,568). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve from the best-fit logistic regression model in the training and validation sets were not significantly different, at 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 0.83) and 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 0.83). The range of SSS is 43 to 1,141. As expected, SSS was a good predictor of survival. Within each quartile of SSS, patients in the surgical group had significantly longer survival than nonsurgical patients ( p Conclusions A prediction model for selection of patients for surgical intervention was created. Once validated and prospectively tested, this model may be used to identify patients who may benefit from surgical intervention.
Planetary robotic exploration driven by science hypotheses for geologic mapping

Planetary exploration involves frequent scientific reformulation and replanning. It is limited by communication constraints and to overcome this limitation, this paper formulates the process as a collaboration in which the human scientist and the robot work together to fill in gaps in knowledge to make discoveries. It introduces the science hypothesis map as the probabilistic structure in which scientists initially describe their abstract beliefs and hypotheses, and in which the state of this belief evolves as the robot makes raw measurements. It discusses how to incorporate path planning for maximizing scientific information gain, which is efficiently computed. As proof of concept, this paper describes a geologic exploration problem where a robot uses a spectrometer to infer the geologic composition of different regions in a mining district at Cuprite, Nevada. It shows that the science hypothesis map can infer geologic units with high accuracy, and that exploration using information gain-based path planning has better performance than exploration with conventional science-blind algorithms.
White Male Privilege: An intersectional deconstruction

This research saliently deconstructs the philosophical writing of a white, privileged male by five diverse academic peers by using a methodology of deconstruction to analyze the initial author’s writing. Their reflects on his nascent perspectives address the stages of racism, mea culpa, the relationship between privilege, oppression, and classism, a feminist perspective, binary, and intersectionality. Further analysis connote for the need to deconstruct privilege in a literary context and to develop an autoethnography to fully delve into privilege beyond a superficial and neglectful narrative.
Detecting sepsis by observing neutrophil motility.

A microfluidic device for assaying neutrophil motility in blood samples from sepsis patients and a machine-learning algorithm trained with the motility data enable a faster and accurate sepsis diagnosis.
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Vasospasm

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is potentially fatal and is associated with poor outcomes in many patients. Advances in neurosurgical and medical management of ruptured aneurysms have improved mortality rates in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Surgical and endovascular interventions, such as external ventricular drain placement, aneurysm clipping, and endovascular coiling, have been developed over the past few decades. Patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage are also at risk for cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia. This article describes the diagnosis and treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, vasospasm, and cerebral ischemia. Concurrent medical considerations and ideas for future neuroinflammatory vasospasm research are also discussed.
Overview and Implications of Findings

What do the data from the Sansei Research Project tell us about the cross-generational impact of the internment? A brief overview of the findings from previous chapters suggests that internment effects did not emerge in all areas of the Sansei’s lives. For example, survey respondents, regardless of whether they had a parent in camp, demonstrated approximately equal levels of outmarriage, interest in the internment, comfort in discussing the internment with parents and others, membership in Japanese American groups, and anticipated reactions to a future internment. In addition, the level of factual knowledge about the internment held by Sansei whose parents were interned was not drastically different from that of the No-Camp Sansei, and both groups supported the idea of monetary redress for surviving internees.
Altered body composition affects resting energy expenditure and interpretation of body mass index in children with spinal cord injury.

BACKGROUND Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) typically undergo changes in their body composition (reduction in lean body mass and an increase in fat mass) that can lead to secondary complications associated with diminished physical activity and obesity. METHODS This study used dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to estimate the total lean tissue mass (LTM), total body fat, and total bone mineral content (BMC) to assess the relationship between body mass index (BMI), body composition, and resting metabolic rate (RMR) in a group of children with SCI who were matched with able-bodied controls for age and sex. Body composition and RMR were measured in 18 boys and 9 girls (10-21 years of age) who had a SCI in the previous 1 to 3 years and in 27 age- and sex-matched controls. RESULTS Children with SCI had significantly lower mean LTM than control subjects (37.6 +/- 9.6 kg and 46.7 +/- 9.2 kg, respectively; P < 0.001) and higher percent body fat (26.4 +/- 7.9% and 20.2 +/- 8.5%, respectively; P < 0.02) as measured by DXA, despite their reduced BMI (18.9 +/- 3.8 kg/m2 and 21.2 +/- 2.9 kg/m2, respectively; P < 0.01). Children with SCI had lower RMR than the controls subjects (1213 +/- 334 kJ/d and 1511 +/- 257 kJ/d, respectively), but there was no difference in RMR when adjusted for LTM. CONCLUSION Children with SCI have lower RMRs that are associated with their reduced LTM. The reduction in LTM and RMR may predispose children with SCI to relative gains in body fat. BMI significantly underestimates body fat in children with SCI.
An 8-Way Combined E-Band Power Amplifier with 24 dBm Psat and 12% PAE in 0.12 μm SiGe

This paper presents a fully-integrated 8-way combined power amplifier designed in $\mathbf{0.12}\ \mu \mathbf{m}$ SiGe BiCMOS and working in the frequency range of 60–75 GHz. The 8-way combined PA uses reactive transmission line impedance transformation networks to combine power from 8 common-emitter based PA unit cells. The breakout of a single PA achieves a saturated output power of 16.1 dBm and a peak PAE of 16.5%. The 8-way combined power amplifier achieves 24 dBm saturated output power and 12% peak PAE. Modulated signals with data rates up to 32 Gb/s are passed through both PA's and measurements of EVM and PAE versus average output power for a IGBaud 64-QAM modulated signal are presented.
Fate of nanosecond-pulsed 351 nm laser-ejected glass contaminants on fused silica under subsequent laser exposure

Particles generated from laser-induced damage during operation of fusion class lasers can be a source of damage precursors for neighboring optics. Such particles have been identified on the National Ignition Facility as ejecta from 1) laser damage on absorbing glass protecting the installation hardware from known stray focusing reflections in the optical path and 2) bulk damage in the borosilicate target debris shield that grows and erupts on the input surface. The dependence of the particle generation and damage initiation rate of this newly recognized damage source on laser shot parameters is not yet known, making it difficult to predict how this source would affect facility optic lifetime for projected laser operation. In this work, we measure the 351-nm fluence-dependence on the size distribution of glass particles generated by ejection from absorbing and borosilicate shield glasses onto a neighboring fused silica window exit surface. In addition, we track the fates of these ejecta and measure their probabilities of removal, damage initiation, and damage growth upon subsequent laser exposure. Thousands of particles can be ejected and deposited onto the exit surface of the fused silica window following a single pulse. Damage initiation following exposure of large borosilicate particles was observed above a fluence of 6 J/cm2. A laser-driven strategy to remove particles before a high fluence pulse is explored.
Understanding innovation in health program planning and development.

Abstract Introduction A need for innovative public health programs is evident as the field adapts to address changes in health priorities and target populations. The Innovative Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program (iTP3) was created to support and enable innovation in teenage pregnancy prevention, developing programs to reach the most at risk youth. Methods A formative evaluation was conducted to understand what innovation means in the context of program development, and examine the process of innovation. Qualitative data was collected through baseline interviews with program development teams, referred to as Innovators, prior to the start of the project period and follow-up interviews conducted at the end of a 12-month funding period. Additional open-ended written responses were collected in the middle of the funding cycle. A thematic analysis with an open-coding scheme was used to identify emergent themes. Results Innovators considered programs innovative because of the target population of focus, program delivery mechanism, and/or program development approach. They specifically identified that a “culture” of innovation must be present if new programs are to be developed. Over time, Innovators began to shift their definition of innovation toward unique design processes and ecological approaches. Discussion Through creating a culture of innovation and utilizing systems thinking, this project provides important insights in how to develop innovations in public health.
Cyclanilide Differentially Affects Branching in Red Maple Cultivars and Hybrids

Abstract Development of the canopy is an important aspect of ornamental shade tree production. Branching can be induced by pruning the apical meristem, but this process is time consuming and costly...
Leveraging Information Technology in Error Prevention

Surgical pathology workflow involves manual tasks and lacks standardization. Leveraging informatics tools and innovative technologies in the surgical laboratory workflow lab leads to a more standardized workflow and reduces the involvement of laboratory personnel in repetitive processes. Patient safety requires the establishment of an operational system and processes that minimize the likelihood of errors and maximize the likelihood of intercepting them when they occur. The end goal of this is a reduction and prevention in errors, particularly in the preanalytical and analytical portions of the surgical pathology specimen life cycle. Creating auditable events in the workflow using bar coding and tracking also leads to real-time data capture into the laboratory information system which is available for real-time quality assurance (QA) monitoring and creating “dashboards” for data monitoring and reviewing errors in real-time, providing additional opportunities to reduce them. Additional novel tools such as synoptic reporting, computerized provider order entry (CPOE), and novel QA methods such as laboratory information-triggered pre-sign-out random QA help improve quality and contribute to significant error reduction in surgical pathology. Newer technologies such as digital pathology, deep learning and artificial intelligence methods may also be leveraged to create innovative ways to prevent and reduce errors in surgical pathology
Chronic Pain: Neuromodulation

Chronic pain is one of the most pervasive, debilitating, and expensive conditions encountered by healthcare professionals and faced by patients. Chronic pain treatment is highly varied, increasingly complex, and challenging to healthcare providers. The neurosurgeon possesses a unique set of tools to treat chronic pain, especially when other modalities have failed: neuromodulation. In this chapter the most commonly utilized neuromodulatory techniques are highlighted, and a discussion of efficacy rates, clinical indications, and complications is provided.
Articulatory-WaveNet: Autoregressive Model For Acoustic-to-Articulatory Inversion

This paper presents Articulatory-WaveNet, a new approach for acoustic-to-articulator inversion. The proposed system uses the WaveNet speech synthesis architecture, with dilated causal convolutional layers using previous values of the predicted articulatory trajectories conditioned on acoustic features. The system was trained and evaluated on the ElectroMagnetic Articulography corpus of Mandarin Accented English (EMA-MAE),consisting of 39 speakers including both native English speakers and native Mandarin speakers speaking English. Results show significant improvement in both correlation and RMSE between the generated and true articulatory trajectories for the new method, with an average correlation of 0.83, representing a 36% relative improvement over the 0.61 correlation obtained with a baseline Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) inversion framework. To the best of our knowledge, this paper presents the first application of a point-by-point waveform synthesis approach to the problem of acoustic-to-articulatory inversion and the results show improved performance compared to previous methods for speaker dependent acoustic to articulatory inversion.
Assessment of Menthol and Nonmenthol Cigarette Consumption in the US, 2000 to 2018.

This cross-sectional study examines trends in menthol cigarette use compared with nonmenthol cigarette use in the US.
Osteolytic effects of tumoral estrogen signaling in an estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer bone metastasis model.

Aim Estrogen receptor α-positive (ER+) subtypes of breast cancer have the greatest predilection for forming osteolytic bone metastases (BMETs). Because tumor-derived factors mediate osteolysis, a possible role for tumoral ERα signaling in driving ER+ BMET osteolysis was queried using an estrogen (E2)-dependent ER+ breast cancer BMET model. Methods Female athymic Foxn1nu mice were inoculated with human ER+ MCF-7 breast cancer cells via the left cardiac ventricle post-E2 pellet placement, and age- and dose-dependent E2 effects on osteolytic ER+ BMET progression, as well as direct bone effects of E2, were determined. Results Osteolytic BMETs, which did not form in the absence of E2 supplementation, occurred with the same frequency in young (5-week-old) vs. skeletally mature (16-week-old) E2 (0.72 mg)-treated mice, but were larger in young mice where anabolic bone effects of E2 were greater. However, in mice of a single age and across a range of E2 doses, anabolic E2 bone effects were constant, while osteolytic ER+ BMET lesion incidence and size increased in an E2-dose-dependent fashion. Osteoclasts in ER+ tumor-bearing (but not tumor-naive) mice increased in an E2-dose dependent fashion at the bone-tumor interface, while histologic tumor size and proliferation did not vary with E2 dose. E2-inducible tumoral secretion of the osteolytic factor parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) was dose-dependent and mediated by ERα, with significantly greater levels of secretion from ER+ BMET-derived tumor cells. Conclusion These results suggest that tumoral ERα signaling may contribute to ER+ BMET-associated osteolysis, potentially explaining the greater predilection for ER+ tumors to form clinically-evident osteolytic BMETs.
Joint Optimization across Timescales: Resource Placement and Task Dispatching in Edge Clouds

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) data and innovative mobile services has promoted an increasing need for low-latency access to resources such as data and computing services. Mobile edge computing has become an effective computing paradigm to meet the requirement for low-latency access by placing resources and dispatching tasks at the edge clouds near mobile users. The key challenge of such solution is how to efficiently place resources and dispatch tasks in the edge clouds to meet the QoS of mobile users or maximize the platform's utility. In this paper, we study the joint optimization problem of resource placement and task dispatching in mobile edge clouds across multiple timescales under the dynamic status of edge servers. We first propose a two-stage iterative algorithm to solve the joint optimization problem in different timescales, which can handle the varieties among the dynamic of edge resources and/or tasks. We then propose a reinforcement learning (RL) based algorithm which leverages the learning capability of Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) technique to tackle the network variation and dynamic as well. The results from our trace-driven simulations demonstrate that both proposed approaches can effectively place resources and dispatching tasks across two timescales to maximize the total utility of all scheduled tasks.
Risk and protective factors for unprotected intercourse among rural African American young adults.

Objectives.Despite increasing risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), few data are available concerning the factors associated with risky sexua...
Gradient Adaptive Algorithms for Contrast-Based Blind Deconvolution

This paper presents extensions of stochastic gradient independent component analysis (ICA) methods to the blind deconvolution task. Of particular importance in these extensions are the constraints placed on the deconvolution system transfer function. While unit-norm constrained ICA approaches can be directly applied to the prewhitened blind deconvolution task, an allpass filter constraint within the optimization procedure is more appropriate. We show how such constraints can be approximately imposed within gradient adaptive finite-impulse-response (FIR) filter implementations by proper extensions of gradient techniques within the Stiefel manifold of orthonormal matrices. Both on-line time-domain and block-based frequency-domain algorithms are described. Simulations verify the superior performance behaviors provided by our allpass-constrained algorithms over standard unit-norm-constrained ICA algorithms in blind deconvolution tasks.
Efficient structure learning in factored-state MDPs

We consider the problem of reinforcement learning in factored-state MDPs in the setting in which learning is conducted in one long trial with no resets allowed. We show how to extend existing efficient algorithms that learn the conditional probability tables of dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) given their structure to the case in which DBN structure is not known in advance. Our method learns the DBN structures as part of the reinforcement-learning process and provably provides an efficient learning algorithm when combined with factored Rmax.
Social and environmental metrics for US real estate portfolios: Sources of data and aggregation methods

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the availability of information in the USA for measuring the social and environmental performance of real estate portfolios.Design/methodology/approach – A search is conducted for relevant indicator data sources using internet, library and government resources. Priority is placed on information that could be accessed on line, by any user, free of charge, from reputable sources, using available search parameters, for all types of properties and for any properties anywhere in the USA. Useful sources are identified and assessed using data quality indicators. Information gaps are also identified. A previously published method is adapted for comparing the social and environmental performance of properties and portfolios and data collected from identified sources are used to illustrate the construction of indices useful for making comparisons.Findings – Nationwide data sources are available for most important dimensions with greater availability for the most impo...
2006 Corvette Z06 Carbon Fiber Fender- Engineering, Design, and Material Selection Considerations

General Motor's Corvette product engineering was given the challenge to find mass reduction opportunities on the painted body panels of the C6 Z06 through the utilization of carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRC). The successful implementation of a carbon fiber hood on the 2004 C5 Commemorative Edition Z06 Corvette was the springboard for Corvette Team's appetite for a more extensive application of CFRC on the C6 Z06 model. Fenders were identified as the best application for the technology given their location on the front of the vehicle and the amount of mass saved. The C6 Z06 CFRC fenders provide 6kg reduction of vehicle mass as compared to the smaller RRIM fenders used on the Coupe and Convertible models. The strength, stiffness and manufacturing flexibility of the CFRF technology allowed for the elimination or simplification of several components required on the Coupe and Convertible style fenders, further reducing required tooling investment, mass and build complexity for the Z06 model. FEA analysis was used to ensure that all structural requirements were achieved. Extensive study was given to the selection of the specific carbon fiber epoxy pre-preg material to be utilized for the production. The material selection study investigated several factors that optimize the balance between material cost, conformability, labor time, finishing, and ability to achieve a high quality painted surface finish that is operationally transparent to the General Motor's Bowling Green Assembly paint process. The result is the highest yearly volume of carbon fiber content in the automotive industry whether measured by vehicles/ year or pounds material used/year.
Computation of oscillatory solutions to hyperbolic differential equations using particle methods

Particle method approximations of hyperbolic partial differential equations with oscillatory solutions are studied. Convergence is analyzed in the practical case for which the continuous solution is not accurately resolved on the computational grid. Averaged difference approximations of linear problems and particle method approximations of semilinear problems are presented. Highly oscillatory solutions to the Carleman and Broadwell models as well as the 2-D incompressible Euler equations are considered. The solutions of the continuous and the corresponding numerical models are shown to converge to the same homogenized limit as the frequency in the oscillation increases.
Detection of donor cell-free dna using digital PCR in lung transplant recipients with graft rejection and infection

Aim Bronchoscopy and transbronchial lung biopsy are currently the gold standard for detection of acute rejection and chronic dysfunction (bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome [BOS]) following human lung transplantation (LTx). However, these procedures are expensive and invasive. Up to now, few new methods have demonstrated clinical utility, therefore development of noninvasive biomarkers of rejection are needed. Methods We developed, optimized and validated a novel method to rapidly quantify donor-derived circulating cell free DNA (DcfDNA) as a potential non-invasive biomarker for lung allograft rejection. The method involves the development of a panel of probes that specifically target a unique sequence on human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. After Tx, donor/recipient probes are chosen based on the mismatched HLA loci, followed by droplet digital PCR used as a quantitative assay to accurately track the trace amount of DcfDNA in a 100–1000 fold excess of recipient background DNA. Result With as low as 30pg genomic DNA, we are able to provide an absolute measurement of the copy numbers of target DNA molecule. Each probe was specific as the average false positive rate was about 1 per 100,000 reads. With constant level of background cfDNA mimicking recipient cfDNA, another serially diluted cfDNA was used as donor cfDNA were spiked in. The fraction of spiked cfDNA was measured and calculated. A quantitative linearity was observed spanning all dilutions. The fraction of spiked cfDNA was accurately measured down to 0.2% of total cfDNA. We applied this method to a pilot set of sixty sera from nineteen LTx recipients grouped into biopsy-proven acute rejection, BOS or stable. The level of DcfDNA was significantly elevated in patients with acute rejection (7.9 ± 2.2%, n = 16), compared to stable (2.76 ± 1.4%, n = 22) or BOS (1.70 ± 0.35, n = 22). We also demonstrate significant elevations of DcfDNA in the stable or BOS patients undergoing severe lung infection (4.6 ± 1.82, n = 16), suggesting a higher level of turnover rate in the grafted organ during infection. Conclusions We developed and validated a clinically feasible application of digital PCR to quantify DcfDNA, which can be used as a non-invasive biomarker for acute lung allograft rejection and infection.
Thioredoxin Reductase 2 (Txnrd2) Regulates Mitochondrial Integrity in the Progression of Age‐Related Heart Failure

Aging is a multifactorial process that is characterized by the accumulation of damaged cellular components and that leads progressively to deterioration of biological functions.[1][1] Recently, increased cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased removal of oxidized proteins
MR imaging of metastatic GI adenocarcinoma in brain.

PURPOSE To investigate an observed preferential T2-shortening effect seen in patients with intracerebral metastases from adenocarcinoma of the GI tract. METHODS Ten patients with intracerebral metastases from adenocarcinoma of the GI tract were evaluated with MR imaging with CT and histopathologic correlation. RESULTS Nine of 10 patients demonstrated intracranial masses with decreased signal intensity on T2-weighted images. T1-weighted images showed decreased or isointense signal in all cases. Special histologic staining was performed in four of 10 cases, all of which were positive for increased protein (mucin) with no evidence of blood products or calcium. CONCLUSION We propose that the observed preferential T2-shortening effect is secondary to slowing of rotational and translational proton motion caused by increased protein concentration in the form of mucin.
Observed relationships between the Southern Annular Mode and atmospheric carbon dioxide

[1] The authors examine the observed relationships between large-scale climate variability and concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Southern Hemisphere. The results reveal that month-to-month variations in the rate of change of atmospheric CO2 at Palmer Station on the Antarctic Peninsula are significantly related to fluctuations in the dominant mode of Southern Hemisphere atmospheric variability, the so-called Southern Annular Mode (SAM). A similar but weaker relationship between the SAM and atmospheric CO2 is evident at Syowa Station in eastern Antarctica, but not at the South Pole or stations located in Southern Hemisphere middle latitudes. Hence the SAM is most clearly related to fluctuations in atmospheric CO2 at locations that sample the westerly flow over the high latitudes of the Southern Ocean. Results based on CO2 flux estimates from the Atmospheric Tracer Transport Model Intercomparison Project (TransCom) suggest the observed relationships at least partially reflect the impact of the SAM on the flux of CO2 over the Southern Ocean.
Synovial proliferative disorders: Differential diagnosis

The proper treatment of synovial proliferative disorders depends on an accurate diagnosis and a knowledge of the natural history of these afflictions. A simple classification of the major synovial disorders with a brief general description of each, highlighting the prominent clinical features, is helpful. A thorough history and physical examination should enable the clinician to categorize the nature of the synovial disorder. Further evaluation and consultation can then be directed within the appropriate category. Radiologic, laboratory, and microscopic studies aid in arriving at a definitive diagnosis. Once a diagnosis has been established, therapy or further evaluation can be instituted.
Foliar resistance toPhytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary (US-8) in 13 Mexican and South AmericanSolarium species having EBNs of 1, 2, and 4 and implications for breeding

The recent US-8 clonal lineage ofPhytophthora infestans, the pathogen causing late blight (LB) disease, is one of the most widespread and difficult to control. Sources of foliar resistance to US-8 were evaluated in 1927 seedling genotypes by sampling 49 plant introductions (PIs) representing 13 Mexican and South AmericanSolanum species having an Endosperm Balance Number (EBN) of 1, 2, or 4, and one species with an unknown EBN. Species evaluated were 2x(1EBN)S. bulbocastanum, S. cardiophyllum, S. commersonii, S. pinnatisectum, andS. trifidum; 2x(2EBN)S. berthaultii, S. megistacrolobum, S. microdontum, andS. verrucosum; 4x(2EBN)S. fendleri andS. stoloniferum; 6x(4EBN)S. guerreroense;2x unknown EBNS. polyadenium; as well as4x S. tuberosum families as controls. Foliar resistance in the field was monitored in 1998 and 1999. Resistance differed relative to species geographic origin, EBN, species themselves, PIs within a species, and genotypes within a PI. In 1998 Mexican germplasm had a lower area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC, 1140) and greater resistance than South American germplasm (1601), while the 1EBN (1119) and unknown EBN (1075) species had greater resistance than 2EBN (1470) and 4EBN (1888) species. AUDPC ranged among species from 555 (S. cardiophyllum) to 1932 (S. megistacrolobum) and among PIs within a species most widely forS. bulbocastanum (267–1007) and least widely forS.polyadenium (1019–1179). In 1999 LB symptoms were not observed on the species before an early freeze; however, all 1999S. tuberosum families showed LB symptoms and segregated for resistance, pointing to greater resistance in the species than in cultivated germplasm. Resistance found in diploid 2EBN germplasm is more accessible due to greater crossability with cultivated germplasm; however, though more difficult to introgress, resistance found in some of the more reproductively isolated 1EBN germplasm is worth pursuing.
Wnt signaling during fracture repair.

Bone is one of the few tissues in the body with the capacity to regenerate and repair itself. Fractures usually are completely repaired in a relatively short time, but in a small percentage of cases, healing never occurs and nonunion is the result. Fracture repair and bone regeneration require the localized reactivation of signaling cascades that are crucial for skeletal development. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is one such developmental pathway whose role in bone formation and regeneration recently has been appreciated. During the past decade, much has been learned about how Wnt pathways regulate bone mass. Small molecules and biologics aimed at this pathway are now being tested as potential new anabolic agents. This article reviews recent data demonstrating that Wnt pathways are active during fracture repair and that increasing the activities of Wnt pathway components accelerates bone regeneration.
La reivindicación de un "diccionario gallego" en el siglo XIX

In the vindication of a Galician dictionary in the second half of the 19th Century coalesced the main currents of the "Rexurdimento" movement initiated around 1850, in connection with the multiple interests to which this movement tried to respond. Only in the context of the "provincialist" and "regionalist" ideologies articulated by the Galician intelligentsia of the time is feasible to understand this demand for lexicographical compendia. The philological framing of a "Galician identity", and the recognition that publishing in Galician was the most unequivocal sign of its vitality, represent two key elements of the lexicographical movement that saw in the "Dictionary" an ideal instrument to secure the future of the Galician language and to legitimize a related collective identity.
Performance of female college students and sexual abuse survivors on the Brief Symptom Inventory

The relation between childhood molestation and current adjustment, as measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), was examined among women college students. Results suggest that the normative data available for the BSI are inappropriate for interpreting the performance of women college students and, particularly, students who have survived sexual abuse.
The Maladies of Water and War: Addressing Poor Water Quality in Iraq

Water is essential in providing nutrients, but contaminated water contributes to poor population health. Water quality and availability can change in unstructured situations, such as war. To develop a practical strategy to address poor water quality resulting from intermittent wars in Iraq, I reviewed information from academic sources regarding waterborne diseases, conflict and war, water quality treatment, and malnutrition. The prevalence of disease was high in impoverished, malnourished populations exposed to contaminated water sources. The data aided in developing a strategy to improve water quality in Iraq, which encompasses remineralized water from desalination plants, health care reform, monitoring and evaluation systems, and educational public health interventions.
Body weight and social interactions as factors in determining dominance in captive eastern chipmunks Tamias striatus

Abstract Eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) utilized various behavioural acts accompanied by vocalizations to establish and maintain a linear social hierarchy. Body weight was a significant factor in determining dominance in both populations and paired individiduals. Chipmunks establish and define a dominance core area in the vicinity of their nest box. Factors such as previous social experience and the physiological state of the female may affect the sociability of the species.
SU-GG-J-61: The Optimal Frame Rate for Cine EPID Images

Purpose: To determine the patient‐specific optimal cine EPIDimage acquisition parameters for intra‐fraction organ/tumor motion monitoring. Method and Materials:EPIDimages acquired in cine mode can provide verification of patient‐setup and monitor internal organ motion during actual treatment without additional dose to the patient. This is especially useful when respiratory motion is of concern. The acquired EPIDimages are analyzed retrospectively with each image given equal weight for delivered dose estimation, thus it is important that they accurately represent the tumor locations throughout the treatment. 100 MU's were delivered to a phantom simulating patient breathing at 15 breaths‐per‐minute (BPM). Respiratory motion is in superior‐inferior(SI) direction, and its position is recorded at intervals of 0.1, 0.5, 0.8, 1, 1.3, and 2 seconds, corresponding to 40 frames‐per‐breath(FPB), 8FPB, 5FPB, 4FPB, 3FPB, and 2FPB, respectively. Counts of recorded positions are plotted against the relative excursion (i.e. position divided by the amplitude of waveform) at bin size of 0.25. The histogram does not vary significantly with phase delay at high frame rate. A frame rate of 10Hz (40FPB) is the intrinsic maximum limit of the device and is impractical due to processing speed and storage space limitations but provides a reference case. The optimal frame rate mimics the average excursion of the reference case and is independent of phase delay.Results: Results from 5FPB generated the average excursion closest to 40FPB case and are less dependent on the phase, hence more preferable. Interestingly, at 2FPB, when the EPIDimages are acquired in sync with patient breathing, only the center position is recorded and the entire excursion is missed. Conclusions: Cautions need to be taken when choosing the frame rate of EPIDimages so they represent the excursion of the tumor throughout the treatment. It is recommended to acquire images at a minimum of 5FPB.
High-sensitivity isoelectric focusing of biotinylated peptides: a new method.

Abstract A novel technique to selectively analyze prelabeled peptides by isoelectric focusing (IEF) is presented. The conditions are described for biotinylation of peptides, their separation in polyacrylamide gels by IEF, and their fixation to the gel matrix with glutaraldehyde. The gels are developed by a color reaction catalyzed by an avidin-coupled enzyme. The technique is suitable for peptides with at least one free amino group of guanidino group after N-terminal biotinylation. The presence of other peptides or proteins does not interfere with the detection. The sensitivity is below 10 pmol, representing a 1000-fold improvement over existing techniques for analyzing low molecular weight peptides by IEF.
Audibility of short-duration tone-glides as a function of rate of frequency change

Abstract Thresholds for rising and falling tone-glides were determined against a background of 50–6000 Hz noise at a level of 60 dB re 20 μPa. Glides were centered around 2000 Hz and changed frequencies linearly at rates of 24, 48, 96 and 192 Hz/ms; tone-glide durations were 5, 10, 20 and 40 ms. Results demonstrate a rate-dependent asymmetry in the detectability of rising and falling tone-glides, with rising tone-glides detected at lower signal intensities for the higher rates of frequency change (i.e., 96 and 192 Hz/ms).