cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Safety of immunotherapy with standardized mites allergens in 195 children with allergic asthma

AIM To observe the safety of immunotherapy with standardized mites allergens in children with allergic asthma.METHODS One hundred and ninety-five children with allergic asthma(M 122,F 73;age(7.7 ± s 2.8) years) were included.The patients were given subcutaneous immunotherapy with standardized mites allergens,which was executed by conventional injection procedure.The actual course of treatment was 1-3 years.The clinical manifestations and adverse reactions were recorded,and the possible risk factors for systematic adverse reactions were observed.RESULTS The total injections were 6 004 times in 195 patients.The systematic adverse reactions were seen in 52 patients(26.7%,52 / 195) after 153 injections(2.55%,153 / 6 004),and the local adverse reactions were seen in 175 patients(89.7%,175 / 195) after 1 753 injections(29.19%,1 753 / 6 004).The incidence of systematic adverse reaction during the build-up period (0.53%,18/3 374) was lower than that during the maintenance period(5.13%,135/2 630,P 0.01).All adverse reactions were mild,and were improved after symptomatic treatment.After multivariate logistic regression analysis,the maintenance period was found to be a risk for the development of systematic reactions.CONCLUSION Standardized mites allergens in treating children with allergic asthma is relatively safe,and the maintenance period of immunotherapy is a risk factor for the development of systematic reaction.
Racial Cues and Racial Identity: Implications for How African Americans Experience and Respond to Racial Discrimination

Previous research suggests racial identity and racial cues, such as the extent to which an event is blatantly or ambiguously race-related, individually shape African American (AA) individuals’ experiences with racial discrimination (RD). However, scant attention has been paid to the interactive or transactional influences of these factors. The present study examined the direct effects of racial cues and the interactive effects of racial cues and racial identity—specifically, the extent to which AAs believe others view AAs negatively—on 78 AAs’ interpretations of and affective responses to lab-based RD. Findings revealed a direct effect of racial cues on participants’ perceptions of the event as being race-relevant and on participants’ affect. Moreover, racial identity moderated the associations between racial cues and participants’ perceptions and affective responses. These findings suggest that AAs’ experiences with RD are not homogeneous and that the interplay or transaction between racial cues and raci...
Distinct antigen expression related to DNA ploidy in a case of biphenotypic leukemia

Three cell populations with different DNA indices were demonstrated in a case of biphenotypic terminal transferase (TdT)/myeloid-positive acute leukemia which had developed from a pre-leukemic diploid population also expressing biphenotypic features. At the time of development of acute leukemia, flow-cytometric analysis revealed expression of TdT by the diploid, the tetraploid, and the near-triploid cells, but only the tetraploid cells carried the myeloid-specific M2 antigen. Cytogenetic analysis showed four stemlines, diploid, tetraploid, tetraploid with del(2), and near-triploid with del(2) and variable chromosome losses. In vitro treatment with retinoic acid induced the expression of the M2 antigen by the diploid cells as well. This in vitro result is consistent with a myeloid differentiation commitment of the pluripotent leukemic stem cell.
Renal Autotransplantation Using Hypothermic Storage and Pulsatile Perfusion

AbstractThree patients with severe hypertension secondary to renal artery stenosis were treated by renal autotransplantation. Of these 3 patients 2 had solitary kidneys and 1 had 2 renal arteries to each kidney, all of which were stenosed. Renal autotransplantation with hypothermia of the kidney was performed in all 3 patients rather than the more conventional arterial bypass or endarterectomy because 1) hypothermic preservation permitted a prolonged ischemia time and 2) there was improved exposure for the vascular anastomosis. Postoperatively 2 patients remained normotensive without drugs for 9 and 12 months and 1 patient died of septicemia not directly related to the autotransplant. All 3 patients required expansion of the intravascular volume postoperatively to overcome the loss of vasoconstrictor substances following restoration of renal blood flow.
Modulatory Effects of Descending Systems on Spinal Dorsal Horn Neurons

It is well established that suprasegmental modulation of spinal reflexes and spinal neuronal responses can be demonstrated from widespread areas of the brain, including the brainstem, diencephalon, and cortex. Indeed, many of these spinal reflexes and neurons are tonically modulated from supraspinal sites. Early investigators employed lesions and intracerebral electrical stimulation to locate the site(s) of origin of descending control of flexion reflexes. Although these efforts were directed primarily toward understanding mechanisms of motor control, they also contributed significantly to our knowledge of sensory mechanisms and the suprasegmental modulation of nociception. Focal electrical brain stimulation and intracerebral drug microinjections are widely employed today to examine descending modulatory influences on spinal dorsal horn neurons and nociceptive reflexes, focusing often on “intrinsic” systems of pain control. This chapter considers descending inhibitory modulation of nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord, but it is important to recognize that centrifugal influences on somatosensory pathways can be either inhibitory or excitatory. The substrates for these spinopetal effects have been discussed further in the chapters by Hammond (Chapter 15), Ruda (Chapter 7), and LaMotte (Chapter 5).
Review on the Clash of Zionism and Palestinian Nationalism

Both Palestinian patriotism and Zionism, as ideas, epitomize the same standard; to be specific both are patriot developments taking into account the prerequisite of a country for their own particular individuals. The basic issue, nonetheless, is by all accounts that both have been guaranteeing the same real estate parcel for their countries, and consequently the wellspring of inconvenience is more down to earth than ideological. As opposed to the suspicion covered up in this current article's given title, political belief systems don't perceive nor accommodate with each other, nor do they figure out who perceives whom and who accommodate with whom. It is just people, and once in a while likewise assemblages, who—figuratively—start or experience such adjustments of relationship.
Chemical Processes in Estuarine Sediments

A common set of chemical reactions determine the sedimentary environment in estuarine and coastal sediments, whether they are impermeable muds in low-energy environments or sands in high-energy environemnts. The oxidation of organic matter by a predictable sequence of electron acceptors leads to the creation of zones in the sediments. The most important zones are characterized by the presence of oxygen, then dissolved iron, then dissolved sulfide. The formation of authigenic minerals, most importantly iron oxides and sulfides, is also central to the creation of the sedimentary environment. This sedimentary environment plays key roles in coastal cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and anthropogenic contaminants.
A clinical, histologic, and follow-up study of genital melanosis in men and women

Background Genital melanosis may clinically mimic melanoma. Little is known about the potential risk for genital and nongenital melanoma in these patients. Objective In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed clinical and histologic data from patients with genital melanosis to better characterize these lesions and the risk they confer for genital and nongenital melanoma. Methods In all, 41 patients were identified for a retrospective chart review and histologic analysis. Results Genital melanosis can clinically mimic melanoma but the typical age of onset is younger than for genital melanoma. A majority of lesions were found to stabilize or regress over time. Five patients were found to have a history of melanoma, only 1 of which was in the genital region. Lesions from these patients were more likely to show melanocytes with suprabasal movement ( P = .0101) and to have a higher melanocyte count ( P Limitations We present a relatively small cohort of patients with an average follow-up of only 30.5 months. Conclusion Patients with genital melanosis, and in particular those with any level of histologic atypia in the genital melanosis lesion, may require careful total body skin examinations for the possibility of melanoma in any body site.
Efficacy of preoperative immunonutrition in locally advanced pancreatic cancer undergoing irreversible electroporation (IRE).

Abstract Background Improved preoperative immunonutrition has been shown to decrease the length of stay (LOS) and complications among patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal cancer surgeries. The purpose of this study was to determine whether preoperative immunonutrition supplementation decreases postoperative LOS, infectious complications, and morbidity in patients undergoing irreversible electroporation (IRE) surgery for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). Methods At a regional hepatopancreatobiliary referral center within an academic medical center 71 patients receiving IRE treatment of LAPC were included in the study. The participants were divided into those receiving preoperative immunonutrition (n = 44) and those receiving no supplemental preoperative immunonutrition (n = 27). Main outcomes and measures were LOS, postoperative complications, nutritional risk index (NRI), and albumin levels. Results Patients in both groups were similar for preoperative nutrition parameters and operative therapy. Patients in the immunonutrition group experienced a statistically significant decrease in postoperative complications (p = 0.05) and LOS (10.7 vs. 17.4, p = 0.01), and less of a decrease in nutritional risk index (−12.6 vs. −16.2, p = 0.03) and albumin levels (−1.1 vs. −1.5, p Conclusion Preoperative immunonutrition was clinically significant in decreasing postoperative complications, LOS, and improving post-surgery NRI and albumin levels in patients receiving elective IRE treatment of non-resectable pancreatic cancer. These results indicate that preoperative immunonutrition is effective and feasible in this subset of cancer patients.
Thymoma. Cytopathologic features and differential diagnosis on fine needle aspiration.

Objective Cytopathologic descriptions of thymoma are limited. This study was undertaken to elaborate on the cytomorphologic features along with clinicoradiologic findings of this entity, with special emphasis on the differential diagnosis. Study design Twenty cases of thymoma were retrospectively studied. Material was obtained by fine needle aspiration (FNA). Smears were stained with Diff-Quik and Papanicolaou stain, and cell block sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Immunocytochemical (ICC) studies were done in selected cases using cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, placental alkaline phosphatase, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin and lymphocytic markers (CD3 and UCHL-1). Results Fourteen thymomas were from the anterior mediastinum; the remaining 6 were invasive or metastatic to the lung (2), pleura (2), liver (1) and abdominal wall (1). The key diagnostic feature was a biphasic population of epithelial cells and lymphocytes in varying proportions. Medullary thymomas showed cohesive, spindled epithelial cells, whereas cortical subtypes displayed more epithelioid epithelial cells singly and in discohesive clusters. All cases of invasive or metastatic thymoma were of the cortical subtype. ICC studies were positive for cytokeratins and epithelial membrane antigen. Conclusion FNA, coupled with clinicoradiologic information and appropriate immunocytochemical studies, is highly accurate in the diagnosis of primary and metastatic thymomas.
Democratic peace as global errand

Focusing on the foreign policy discourse of George H. W. Bush and William Clinton, I examine the role the American jeremiad played in conceptualizing the geopolitical change initiated by the ending of the Cold War. I identify 'extending the democratic peace' as the nation’s post-Cold War “errand” and argue that this global mission represented the contemporary 're-dedication' of American policy to the nation’s 'divine cause.' I demonstrate that a key issue facing the nation was whether the U.S. would reap the benefits of its Cold War victory by extending its political-economic system globally or whether it would turn inward and, thereby, give rein of the future to the forces of 'anarchy” and chaos.' As with earlier renditions of the jeremiad, the post-Cold War variant turned this liminal moment into a 'mode of socialization' (Bercovitch, 2012, 25) by deploying the concept of democratic peace to legitimate an interventionist foreign policy.
Fluid electrodes for submersible robotics based on dielectric elastomer actuators

Recently, dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) have gathered interest for soft robotics due to their low cost, light weight, large strain, low power consumption, and high energy density. However, developing reliable, compliant electrodes for DEAs remains an ongoing challenge due to issues with fabrication, uniformity of the conductive layer, and mechanical stiffening of the actuators caused by conductive materials with large Young’s moduli. In this work, we present a method for preparing, patterning, and utilizing conductive fluid electrodes. Further, when we submerse the DEAs in a bath containing a conductive fluid connected to ground, the bath serves as a second electrode, obviating the need for depositing a conductive layer to serve as either of the electrodes required of most DEAs. When we apply a positive electrical potential to the conductive fluid in the actuator with respect to ground, the electric field across the dielectric membrane causes charge carriers in the solution to apply an electrostatic force on the membrane, which compresses the membrane and causes the actuator to deform. We have used this process to develop a tethered submersible robot that can swim in a tank of saltwater at a maximum measured speed of 9.2 mm/s. Since saltwater serves as the electrode, we overcome buoyancy issues that may be a challenge for pneumatically actuated soft robots and traditional, rigid robotics. This research opens the door to low-power underwater robots for search and rescue and environmental monitoring applications.
The Moderating Effect of Childhood Maltreatment on the Relations Among PTSD Symptoms, Positive Urgency, and Negative Urgency

Childhood maltreatment increases the risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comorbid substance use disorder (SUD). One pathway by which this occurs is through impaired emotion regulation. Past research has shown that negative urgency, a deficit in the regulation of negative emotions, is strongly related to PTSD in those with comorbid SUD. However, there is minimal research on the relation between positive urgency and PTSD in those with comorbid SUD. The current study investigated the association between childhood maltreatment, positive urgency, negative urgency, and PTSD symptoms among those with SUD. Results suggested that PTSD was associated with negative urgency and positive urgency overall. Childhood maltreatment did not moderate the association between negative urgency and PTSD. Childhood emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and sexual abuse moderated the relation between positive urgency and PTSD (ΔR2 = .04 to .10). The association between PTSD and positive urgency was only significant at lower levels of emotional abuse and neglect. Future research should further examine the processing of positive emotions in those with PTSD and comorbid SUD. Findings might inform clinical interventions among populations exposed to childhood maltreatment to reduce or prevent the development of psychopathology.
Seventh-day Adventist Clergy: Understanding Stressors and Coping Mechanisms

This article examines the extent and types of clergy stress, the strategies used in coping with stressors, and the relationship between stressors and coping mechanisms in a sample of 261 Seventh-day Adventist pastors in North America. The results indicate that the most commonly reported stressors in order are: (1) lack of social support, (2) financial stress, and (3) time and workload stress. In terms of coping strategies, pastors sought relief most often through: (1) reflective growth/internal change; (2) social/emotional coping; (3) passive coping; and lastly (4) action-oriented coping. Significant correlational relationships existed between passive coping and financial stress, relocating stress, and congregational stress. In addition, we found significant inverse correlations between coping through reflective growth or internal change and relocating stress and congregational stress. There were no significant relationships with action coping or social/emotional coping and any stressor. Multi-regression analysis reveals that passive coping strategies were significantly related to financial stress. Thus, the greater the financial stress, the more likely pastors were to engage in passive coping strategies. Other coping strategies showed no significant relationships when included in multi-regression analysis. We conclude with recommendations for Church administrators to address structures and practices in place for pastors including an expansion of coping mechanisms to help pastors address their stress.
Shuffled magnetization-prepared multicontrast rapid gradient-echo imaging.

Purpose To develop a novel acquisition and reconstruction method for magnetization-prepared 3-dimensional multicontrast rapid gradient-echo imaging, using Hankel matrix completion in combination with compressed sensing and parallel imaging. Methods A random k-space shuffling strategy was implemented in simulation and in vivo human experiments at 7 T for 3-dimensional inversion recovery, T2/diffusion preparation, and magnetization transfer imaging. We combined compressed sensing, based on total variation and spatial-temporal low-rank regularizations, and parallel imaging with pixel-wise Hankel matrix completion, allowing the reconstruction of tens of multicontrast 3-dimensional images from 3- or 6-min scans. Results The simulation result showed that the proposed method can reconstruct signal-recovery curves in each voxel and was robust for typical in vivo signal-to-noise ratio with 16-times acceleration. In vivo studies achieved 4 to 24 times accelerations for inversion recovery, T2/diffusion preparation, and magnetization transfer imaging. Furthermore, the contrast was improved by resolving pixel-wise signal-recovery curves after magnetization preparation. Conclusions The proposed method can improve acquisition efficiencies for magnetization-prepared MRI and tens of multicontrast 3-dimensional images could be recovered from a single scan. Furthermore, it was robust against noise, applicable for recovering multi-exponential signals, and did not require any previous knowledge of model parameters. Magn Reson Med, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Atomistic Investigations of the Effects of Si/Al Ratio and Al Distribution on the Adsorption Selectivity of n-Alkanes in Brønsted-Acid Zeolites

The adsorption of n-alkanes onto Bronsted-acid sites is a key step in the catalytic cracking of alkanes. Employing configurational-bias Monte Carlo simulations, we have investigated how the ratio of equilibrium adsorption constants for central C–C bonds relative to terminal bonds of n-alkanes (i.e., the adsorption selectivity ratio) in Bronsted-acid zeolites is influenced by the Si/Al ratio and the Al distribution. A new computational approach was implemented, and the developed force field was validated by a comprehensive comparison between simulation results and experimental data for a number of Bronsted-acid zeolites. While the adsorption selectivity seems to be relatively insensitive to the Si/Al ratio, our results reveal that the Al distribution plays a crucial role in determining the adsorption selectivity. Changes in the Al distribution result in a change of as much as 2-fold in the adsorption selectivity ratio for n-hexane. The selectivity generally shows larger variations with respect to Al distri...
Tertiary patenting on drug-device combination products in the United States.

Drug–device combination products are becoming increasingly prevalent, with many lasting years beyond the expiration date of primary and secondary patents on the drug itself.
Resuscitation with a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier after traumatic brain injury.

BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains an exclusionary criterion in nearly every clinical trial involving hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) for traumatic hemorrhage. Furthermore, most HBOCs are vasoactive, and use of pressors in the setting of hemorrhagic shock is generally contraindicated. The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that low-volume resuscitation with a vasoactive HBOC (hemoglobin glutamer-200 [bovine], HBOC-301; Oxyglobin, BioPure, Inc., Cambridge, MA) would improve outcomes after severe TBI and hemorrhagic shock. METHODS In Part 1, anesthetized swine received TBI and hemorrhage (30 +/- 2 mL/kg, n = 15). After 30 minutes, lactated Ringer's (LR) solution (n = 5), HBOC (n = 5), or 10 mL/kg of LR + HBOC (n = 5) was titrated to restore systolic blood pressure to > or = 100 mm Hg and heart rate (HR) to or = 70 mm Hg and heterologous whole blood (red blood cells [RBCs], 10 mL/kg) was transfused for hemoglobin at or = 20 mm Hg, LR solution was given to maintain cerebral perfusion pressure at > or = 70 mm Hg, and RBCs were given for hemoglobin of < or = 5 g/dL. In Part 2, after similar TBI and resuscitation with either LR + MAN + RBCs (n = 3) or HBOC alone (n = 3), animals underwent attempted weaning, extubation, and monitoring for 72 hours. RESULTS In Part 1, relative to resuscitation with LR + MAN + RBCs, LR + HBOC attenuated intracranial pressure (12 +/- 1 mm Hg vs. 33 +/- 6 mm Hg), improved cerebral perfusion pressure in the initial 4 hours (89 +/- 6 mm Hg vs. 60 +/- 3 mm Hg), and improved brain tissue PO2 (34.2 +/- 3.6 mm Hg vs. 16.1 +/- 1.6 mm Hg; all p < 0.05). Cerebrovascular reactivity and intracranial compliance were improved with LR + HBOC (p < 0.05) and fluid requirements were reduced (30 +/- 12 vs. 280 +/- 40 mL/kg; p < 0.05). Lactate and base excess corrected faster with LR + HBOC despite a 40% reduction in cardiac index. With HBOC alone and LR + HBOC, MAP and HR rapidly corrected and remained normal during observation; however, with HBOC alone, lactate clearance was slower and systemic oxygen extraction was transiently increased. In Part 2, resuscitation with HBOC alone allowed all animals to wean and extubate, whereas none in the LR + MAN + RBCs group was able to wean and extubate. At 72 hours, no HBOC animal had detectable neurologic deficits and all had normal hemodynamics. CONCLUSION The use of HBOC-301 supplemented by a crystalloid bolus was clearly superior to the standard of care (LR + MAN + RBCs) after TBI. This may represent a new indication for HBOCs. Use of HBOC eliminated the need for RBC transfusions and mannitol. The inherent vasopressor effect of HBOCs, especially when used alone, may misguide initial resuscitation, leading to transient poor global tissue perfusion despite restoration of MAP and HR. This suggests that MAP and HR are inadequate endpoints with HBOC resuscitation. HBOC use alone after TBI permitted early extubation and excellent 72-hour outcomes.
Mutual Authentication of RFID Tag with Multiple Readers

Mutual authentication is critical in scenarios where impersonation of RFID tag and/or reader by an adversary could result in non-trivial consequences. Several extant authentication protocols address this issue considering mutual authentication between an individual tag and reader. However, a majority of these protocols have been shown to be vulnerable to attacks by an active or passive adversary. We consider mutual authentication between a tag and a reader through the addition of an auxiliary reader that reinforces the process. We present a mutual authentication protocol for this scenario.
Peak Heat Flux and Temperature Difference in Nucleate Boiling of Liquefied Gases

Two-phase phenomena are encountered frequently in cryogenic systems. Since the thermal diffusivity and kinematic viscosity of the liquids under consideration (and their vapors) are low, the critical value of the Rayleigh or Reynolds number is easily exceeded. Consequently, turbulent conditions prevail and a complicated flow pattern results. A special type of two-phase flow is involved in nucleate boiling which is characterized by the appearance of the vapor phase in the form of single bubbles. It may be caused by heat currents leaking through the outer boundaries of the system (if a conventional type of insulation is used), or by a heat input required for the operation of the system. A thermal boundary layer of superheated liquid is built up near the confining or heat emitting solid surfaces from which the bubbles grow. Since the thermal conductivity of the vapor is much lower than that of the liquid, heat flows to the growing bubbles via the conducting liquid in between the bubbles. Further details on the mechanisms involved have been given in the literature[1].
Musical Children : Engaging Children in Musical Experiences

Musical Children: Engaging Children in Musical Experiences, Second Edition, is designed for students majoring in early childhood or elementary education, or music education. It highlights the important role music plays in a child’s education and life, offering a practical resource for bringing together music and young children during these important early years. Thirty-seven engaging musical experiences help pre-service and in-service teachers—some who may only have a limited background in music—learn how to make music a part of their students’ daily lives, with strategies that are ideal both in and out of the classroom. Musical Children is an invaluable guide to assist teachers in engaging children in meaningful, joyful, and playful musical experiences. NEW to the second edition: The 2014 National Core Music Standards Updated and expanded prekindergarten chapter Greater focus on music fundamentals Expansion of Dalcroze, Orff, Kodaly, and Music Learning Theory approaches Discussion questions and projects for each chapter Addition of an Autoharp®, Chromaharp®, and QChord® instructional unit All 49 audio tracks from the musical experiences now available for online listening, hosted or linked to popular music streaming services A new companion website is home to numerous resources, including all audio files, supplementary notated songs, charts for instrument study, and information on IDEA and children with disabilities.
Gene delivery by peptide-assisted transport.

Abstract The diverse amino acid chemistries and secondary structures in peptides provide ‘minimalist’ mimics of motifs in proteins and offer many ideal properties for targeted delivery approaches. Several non-viral vectors (polymers and lipids) have been studied for their potential applications in gene delivery. However, non-specific uptake, lack of targeting, inability to escape endosomes, and inefficient nuclear delivery limit their application. Peptide-assisted trafficking of non-viral vectors can potentially overcome these biological barriers to improve gene delivery through targeted uptake using key cell-surface receptors (e.g., integrins, growth factor receptors, and G-protein coupled receptors); membrane disruption for endosomal escape; and nuclear importation. Furthermore, the capacity of peptides to regulate spatio-temporal control over gene delivery opens multi-faceted avenues for effective gene delivery in a variety of complex applications. Rigorous on-going in vitro and in vivo studies utilizing peptides for targeted and microenvironment-sensitive gene delivery could promote their widespread clinical usage.
TDP-43 and RNA form amyloid-like myo-granules in regenerating muscle

A dominant histopathological feature in neuromuscular diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and inclusion body myopathy, is cytoplasmic aggregation of the RNA-binding protein TDP-43. Although rare mutations in TARDBP-the gene that encodes TDP-43-that lead to protein misfolding often cause protein aggregation, most patients do not have any mutations in TARDBP. Therefore, aggregates of wild-type TDP-43 arise in most patients by an unknown mechanism. Here we show that TDP-43 is an essential protein for normal skeletal muscle formation that unexpectedly forms cytoplasmic, amyloid-like oligomeric assemblies, which we call myo-granules, during regeneration of skeletal muscle in mice and humans. Myo-granules bind to mRNAs that encode sarcomeric proteins and are cleared as myofibres mature. Although myo-granules occur during normal skeletal-muscle regeneration, myo-granules can seed TDP-43 amyloid fibrils in vitro and are increased in a mouse model of inclusion body myopathy. Therefore, increased assembly or decreased clearance of functionally normal myo-granules could be the source of cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregates that commonly occur in neuromuscular disease.
The Search for Common Ground

Below-average performance on some nonlinguistic tasks often is considered a potential correlate of primary language impairment (LI). If nonlinguistic cognitive processing truly is deficient in chil...
Measured Fractional Calculus Parameters for Shear Waves in Swine Liver

Shear waves are highly attenuated in soft tissue, and the attenuation of shear waves in soft tissue follows a power law. To characterize the power law attenuation of shear waves, complex shear modulus values are measured before and after swine liver samples are immersed in formalin for 1 hour. Measured values are shown for two different swine liver samples, and then the frequency-dependent shear wave attenuation constant and the power law exponent are extracted from these measured values. Substantial changes are observed in the shear wave attenuation constant after immersion in formalin. Each measurement shows that the shear wave attenuation follows a power law with an exponent that is between 0.77 and 1.07.
Psychological Contract and Turnover Intention in the Information Technology Profession

The recruitment and retention of Information Technology (IT) professionals continue to concern organizations and researchers. We employ psychological contract theory to examine how unmet expectatio...
Body Mass Index to Age Ratio: A Cost Effective Implant Selection Guideline for Total Hip Arthroplasty

The incidence of total hip arthroplasty (THA) is dramatically increasing, placing a financial burden on the health care system as a whole. These economic challenges have inspired innovation in health care and spurred the implementation of value-based-care models. In this new health care environment, it is imperative to develop strategies that reduce cost while maintaining quality. The authors developed an implant selection guideline system for THA based upon a ratio of patient body mass index (BMI) to age. Patients are divided into either a high, medium, or standard demand category based on a BMI/age ratio of > 0.60, 0.60–0.41, and
Bacterial Amino Acid Transport Systems

The roles of the cell membrane as both a permeability barrier to foreign substances and as a selective filter which admits nutrient molecules have been recognized as fundamentally important to animal physiology since the first decade of this century. It was not until the 1950’s, however, that microbiologists recognized that bacteria possess membrane transport systems, distinct from their metabolic enzymes, that mediate the uptake of amino acids and other nutrients. The work of Cohen and Monod (1957) established modern research on bacterial membrane transport. While much of this early work focused on transport of sugars, Gale provided the first evidence for accumulation of amino acids by bacteria during this era (Gale, 1947, 1954).
Quantum dot solids showing state-resolved band-like transport

Improving charge mobility in quantum dot (QD) films is important for the performance of photodetectors, solar cells and light-emitting diodes. However, these applications also require preservation of well defined QD electronic states and optical transitions. Here, we present HgTe QD films that show high mobility for charges transported through discrete QD states. A hybrid surface passivation process efficiently eliminates surface states, provides tunable air-stable n and p doping and enables hysteresis-free filling of QD states evidenced by strong conductance modulation. QD films dried at room temperature without any post-treatments exhibit mobility up to μ ~ 8 cm2 V−1 s−1 at a low carrier density of less than one electron per QD, band-like behaviour down to 77 K, and similar drift and Hall mobilities at all temperatures. This unprecedented set of electronic properties raises important questions about the delocalization and hopping mechanisms for transport in QD solids, and introduces opportunities for improving QD technologies. High charge mobility while retaining signatures of quantum-confined states is obtained in films of surface-passivated HgTe quantum dots.
Obesity-Linked Variants of Melanocortin-4 Receptor Are Misfolded in the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Can Be Rescued to the Cell Surface by a Chemical Chaperone

Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is a G protein-coupled receptor expressed in the brain where it controls food intake. Many obesity-linked MC4R variants are poorly expressed at the plasma membrane and are retained intracellularly. We have studied the intracellular localization of four obesity-linked MC4R variants, P78L, R165W, I316S, and I317T, in immortalized neurons. We find that these variants are all retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), are ubiquitinated to a greater extent than the wild-type (wt) receptor, and induce ER stress with increased levels of ER chaperones as compared with wt-MC4R and appearance of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP). Expression of the X-box-binding-protein-1 (XBP-1) with selective activation of a protective branch of the unfolded protein response did not have any effect on the cell surface expression of MC4R-I316S. Conversely, the pharmacological chaperone 4-phenyl butyric acid (PBA) increased the cell surface expression of wt-MC4R, MC4R-I316S, and I317T by more than 40%. PBA decreased ubiquitination of MC4R-I316S and prevented ER stress induced by expression of the mutant, suggesting that the drug functions to promote MC4R folding. MC4R-I316S rescued to the cell surface is functional, with a 52% increase in agonist-induced cAMP production, as compared with untreated cells. Also direct inhibition of wt-MC4R and MC4R-I316S ubiquitination by a specific inhibitor of the ubiquitin-activating enzyme 1 increased by approximately 40% the expression of the receptors at the cell surface, and the effects of PBA and ubiquitin-activating enzyme 1 were additive. These data offer a cell-based rationale that drugs that improve MC4R folding or decrease ER-associated degradation of the receptor may function to treat some forms of hereditary obesity.
Predicting Airway Invasion Using Screening Tools and Laryngeal Kinematics in People with Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study.

Background Dysphagia in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common manifestation, particularly in advanced disease stages. However, the pathophysiology and time course of dysphagia progression remains unclear in non-advanced disease stages (e.g., Hoehn & Yahr stages I-III). Conflicting reports from investigations of the perception of dysphagia in people with PD further complicates our understanding of dysphagia in this population. Objective The objectives of this research were to evaluate the ability of screening tools to detect swallowing impairments and how laryngeal kinematics predict the occurrence of abnormal swallowing events. Methods 14 individuals with non-advanced PD, no previous history of dysphagia diagnosis, and self-reported difficulty swallowing participated. The Swallow Disturbance Questionnaire (SDQ) and 3-oz water swallow test (WSST) were administered, along with a videoflouroscopic swallow study (VFSS). Laryngeal kinematics were represented by laryngeal vestibule closure reaction time (LVrt) and laryngeal vestibule closure duration (LVCd). The Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) was used to quantify airway invasion. Results A logistic regression indicated a significant model of predicting airway invasion from our predictors (p = 0.003). LVrt and SDQ (p 0.05). Conclusion Decreased airway safety related to laryngeal kinematic function in PD may be manifesting at non-advanced disease stages to varied degrees. Our results support expectations of dysphagia manifestation in PD although screening practices may not adequately identify impairment. Future research should target specific laryngeal characteristics within this population to better understand the physiological cause of swallowing impairment and developof targeted interventions.
Anomaly and Cobordism Constraints Beyond Grand Unification: Energy Hierarchy

A recent work [2006.16996] suggests that a 4d nonperturbative global anomaly of mod 16 class hinting a possible new hidden gapped topological sector beyond the Standard Model (SM) and Georgi-Glashow $su(5)$ Grand Unified Theory (GUT) with 15n chiral Weyl fermions and a discrete $\mathbb{Z}_{4,X}$ symmetry of $X=5({\bf B- L})-4Y$. This $\mathbb{Z}_{16}$ class global anomaly is a mixed gauge-gravitational anomaly between the discrete $X$ and spacetime backgrounds. The new topological sector has a GUT scale high energy gap, below its low energy encodes either a 4d noninvertible topological quantum field theory (TQFT), or a 5d short-range entangled invertible TQFT, or their combinations. This hidden topological sector provides the 't Hooft anomaly matching of the missing sterile right-handed neutrinos (3 generations of 16th Weyl fermions), and possibly also accounts for the Dark Matter sector. In the SM and $su(5)$ GUT, the discrete $X$ can be either a global symmetry or gauged. In the $so(10)$ GUT, the $X$ must become gauged, the 5d TQFT becomes noninvertible and long-range entangled (which can couple to dynamical gravity). In this work, we further examine the anomaly and cobordism constraints at higher energy scales above the $su(5)$ GUT to $so(10)$ GUT and $so(18)$ GUT (with Spin(10) and Spin(18) gauge groups precisely). We also find [2006.16996]'s proposal on new hidden gapped topological sectors can be consistent with anomaly matching under the energy/mass hierarchy. Novel ingredients along tuning the energy include various energy scales of anomaly-free symmetric mass generation (i.e., Kitaev-Wen mechanism), the Topological Mass/Energy Gap from anomalous symmetric topological order (attachable to a 5d $\mathbb{Z}_{4,X}$-symmetric topological superconductor), possible topological quantum phase transitions, and Ultra Unification that includes GUT with new topological sectors.
Efficient silicon photonic micro-antenna for waveguide-to-free-space coupling

We present the design of a 3.6-µm-long silicon antenna with vertical emission. Across the optical communication C band, diffraction efficiency is above of 0.9, back-reflection below -18 dB, and the emission angle shifts by only 4.3◦.
Persistent OSA in obese children: does body position matter?

Study Objectives:The objective of this study was to determine if positional therapy is a viable treatment alternative for obese children with persistent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Methods:A retr...
The Complex-Scaling Coupled-Channel Methods for Atomic and Molecular Resonances in Intense External Fields

Resonance states are characterized by complex energies corresponding to poles of the resolvent operator (E-Ĥ)−1 in the complex-energy plane of a non-physical higher Riemann sheet. Numerous techniques have been developed for computing these poles. One of the most powerful techniques popularized in the last decade is the method known as the complex scaling (coordinate-rotation, complex-coordinate, or dilatation) transformation. 1,2 As a result of the complex scaling transformation, r → re1α, the eigenvalues corresponding to the bound states of Ĥ stay invariant, while the branch cuts associated with the continuous spectrum of Ĥ are rotated about their respective thresholds by an angle −2α (assuming 0<α<π/2), exposing the complex resonance states in appropriate strips of the complex energy plane. A crucial point from the computational point of view is that the eigen-functions associated with the complex-scaling resonance wave functions are localized, i.e. square integrable. The square integrability led to the extension of well-established bound-state techniques to the determination of resonance energies (ER) and widths (Г) of metastable states.
Owner-Reported Attachment and Behavior Characteristics of New Guinea Singing Dogs Living as Companion Animals

Domestic dogs are terrific companions in a variety of contexts. However, not all dogs have followed the same trajectory regarding domestication. In fact, little is known about how some dogs, includ...
Peace, Love, and Conspiracy Theories: How Experiences and Worldviews Shape Age Cohorts' Views of Science

Whether the safety of vaccines, climate change, or COVID-19, the origins of science skepticism appear the same: When misinformation prevails and individual liberties appear threatened, people will resist. Who are today's science skeptics and what motivates their beliefs? I argue that older populations are the most likely age cohort to oppose mainstream scientific consensus, based upon their collective memories of mid-century scientific events and latent changes to US public school science curricula. Evidence also suggests a relationship between motivated cognition and conspiracist thinking linked to older age groups' worldviews and preferred social media platforms. To test hypotheses, regression models analyzed data from an existing survey in which participants (N = 2,002) were asked a series of questions on scientific topics. Results suggest a relationship between age and certain views of science, particularly among oldest and youngest age cohorts. Views are also relative to experiences and perceptions developed during age cohorts' formative years. Religion, partisanship, and education level also matter for select scientific topics and findings indicate the interplay of factors responsible for certain age cohorts' views of science.
Velázquez Castro, M. (2020). Hijos de la peste. Una historia de las epidemias en el Perú. Lima: Taurus.

Velazquez Castro, M. (2020). Hijos de la peste. Una historia de las epidemias en el Peru. Lima: Taurus.
Water–rock interaction and the concentrations of major, trace, and rare earth elements in hydrocarbon-associated produced waters of the United States

Studies of co-produced waters from hydrocarbon extraction across multiple energy-producing basins have generally focused on major ions or a few select tracers, and studies that examine trace elements and involve laboratory experiments have generally been basin specific. Here, new perspective is sought through a broad analysis of concentration data for 26 elements from three hydrocarbon well types using the U.S. Geological Survey National Produced Waters Geochemical Database (v2.3). Those data are compared to leachates (water, hydrochloric acid, and artificial brine) from 12 energy-resource related shales from across the United States. Both lower pH and higher ionic strength were associated with greater concentrations of many trace elements in produced waters. However, individual effects were difficult to distinguish because higher ionic strengths drive decreases in pH. Water–rock interactions in the leaching experiments generally replicated produced water concentrations for trace elements including Al, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Si, and Zn. Enhanced middle rare earth element (REE) mobilization relative to shale REE content occurred with low pH leachates. Produced water concentrations of Li, Sr, and Ba were not replicated by the leaching experiments. Patterns of high Li, Sr, and Ba concentrations and ratios relative to other elements across produced waters types indicate controls on these elements in many settings related to pore space pools of salts, brines, and ion-exchange sites affected by diagenetic processes. The size of those pools is diluted and masked by other water–rock interaction processes at the water–rock ratios necessitated by laboratory experiments. The results broadly link water–rock interaction processes and environmental patterns across a wide variety of produced waters and host formations and thus provide context for trace element data from other environmental and laboratory studies of such waters.
Clinical psychology and the philosophy of science

Introduction.- Special Topic: What are philosophical methods?.- The Major Problems of the Philosophy of Science and Clinical Psychology.- Special Topic: The relationship between the history of science and the philosophy of science.- Epistemology and Logical Positivism.- Special Topic I: Logical Positivism and Radical Behaviorism.- Special Topic II: Epistemic and Philosophical Problems of the APA's Ethical Code 61.- Popper: Conjectures and Refutations.- Special Topic I: Three Other Key Evolutionary Epistemologists: Campbell, Quine and Skinner.- Special Topic II: Popper's Political Philosophy.- The Spell of Kuhn on Psychology.- Four Other Major Philosophers of Science.- Special Topic: A Fifth Account of Science: The B.F. Skinner's Indigenous, Behavioral Account of Science.- Post-Modernism, Social Constructionist, and the Science Wars.- The Complexity of Science Studies: Multiple Perspectives on a Human.
Adolescent Urology and Transitional Care

During childhood and adolescence, processes of normal maturation include development of independence and sexuality. Chronic health conditions during these formative years impact on these development processes. Urological services need to cope with the considerable differences between paediatric and adult populations, including support for those patients with chronic disease as they transition into adulthood. The latter requires careful planning and a multidisciplinary team, ideally in a dedicated ‘transition clinic’ setting, managing the transfer, including the reduced level of parental input for patients reaching adulthood. Congenital conditions are a major component of the workload, though all aspects of urology are relevant to the adolescent population.
Construction of Pueblo Dam

Pueblo Dam consists of a concrete massive-head buttress dam and spillway structure flanked by zoned earthfill embankments. Pueblo Reservoir is the terminal and principal storage feature of the multi-purpose Fryingpan-Arkansas Project in Colorado. Construction of Pueblo Dam was performed in two stages: (1)Foundation excavation and river diversion were accomplished during the first stage; and (2)construction of the earth embankments and concrete section of the dam were performed during the second stage of construction.