cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
360 Gb/s data modulation with dispersion precompensation using optical arbitrary waveform generation

We demonstrate a modulation format transparent optical-arbitrary-waveform transmitter at 360 Gb/s including precompensation for dispersion. Proof-of-principle transmission of 9-bit OOK and DPSK signals across a 10-km SMF link are demonstrated with spectral efficiency of 0.53-b/s/Hz.
Finding and Characterizing Tunnels in Macromolecules with Application to Ion Channels and Pores

We describe a new algorithm, CHUNNEL, to automatically find, characterize, and display tunnels or pores in proteins. The correctness and accuracy of the algorithm is verified on a constructed set of proteins and used to analyze large sets of real proteins. The verification set contains proteins with artificially created pores of known path and width profile. The previous benchmark algorithm, HOLE, is compared with the new algorithm. Results show that the major advantage of the new algorithm is that it can successfully find and characterize tunnels with no a priori guidance or clues about the location of the tunnel mouth, and it will successfully find multiple tunnels if present. CHUNNEL can also be used in conjunction with HOLE, with the former used to prime HOLE and the latter to track and characterize the pores. Analysis was conducted on families of membrane protein structures culled from the Protein Data Bank as well as on a set of transmembrane proteins with predicted membrane-aqueous phase interfaces, yielding the first completely automated examination of tunnels through membrane proteins, including tunnels that exit in the membrane bilayer.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Population-Based Variation in Cardiomyopathy Genes”

We thank Iascone et al for their thoughtful comments on our survey of potentially pathological or reported pathological genetic variation found in the 1000 Genomes database. …
Prospective comparison of echocardiographic atrioventricular delay optimization methods for cardiac resynchronization therapy

BACKGROUND Atrioventricular (AV) delay optimization can be an important determinant of the response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with medically refractory heart failure and a ventricular conduction delay. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare two Doppler echocardiographic methods of AV delay optimization after CRT. METHODS Forty consecutive patients (age 59 12 years) with severe heart failure, New York Heart Association class 3.1 0.4, QRS duration 177 23 ms, and left ventricular ejection fraction 26% 6% referred for CRT were studied using two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography. In each patient, the acute improvement in stroke volume with CRT in response to two methods of AV delay optimization was compared. In the first method, the AV delay that produced the largest increase in the aortic velocity time integral (VTI) derived from continuous-wave Doppler (aortic VTI method) was measured. In the second method, the AV delay that optimized the timing of mitral valve closure to occur simultaneously with the onset of left ventricular systole was calculated from pulsed Doppler mitral waveforms at a short and long AV delay interval (mitral inflow method). RESULTS The optimized AV delay determined by the aortic VTI method resulted in an increase in aortic VTI of 19% 13% compared with an increase of 12% 12% by the mitral inflow method (P .001). The optimized AV delay by the aortic VTI method was significantly longer than the optimized AV delay calculated from the mitral inflow method (119 34 ms vs 95 24 ms, P .001). There was no correlation in the AV delay determined by the two methods (r 0.03). CONCLUSION AV delay optimization by Doppler echocardiography for patients with severe heart failure treated with a CRT device yields a greater systolic improvement when guided by the aortic VTI method compared with the mitral inflow method.
Measurements near the Atmospheric Surface Flux Group tower at SHEBA: Near-surface conditions and surface energy budget

[1] Measurements at the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean Experiment (SHEBA) Atmospheric Surface Flux Group (ASFG) tower site from October 1997 to October 1998 are used to describe the annual cycle of the near-surface environment and the surface energy budget (SEB). Comparisons with historical data and climatological estimates suggest that the SHEBA site was 3–8°C warmer in March and April. The unique SHEBA profile measurements showed that the mean near-surface environment is strongly stable during 6 winter months, and near neutral or weakly stable during the other months. However, one-hour data show that neutral stratification does occur 25% of the time during the winter. The monthly mean flux profiles suggest that turbulent processes cool the near-surface atmosphere during the winter and warm it during the summer, though the sign of the sensible heat flux is negative during both the winter and July. The SHEBA SEB calculation is unique in its nearly exclusive use of observed rather than derived values. The magnitude of the best estimate of the annual net observed surface energy surplus at SHEBA (8.2 W m−2) was consistent with the observed surface ice and snowmelt and was in reasonable agreement with most previous estimates of the net annual SEB over the Arctic pack ice. However, the partitioning of the various components of the SEB differed in the SHEBA data. The SHEBA site had unusually large incoming longwave radiation in the fall and spring, giving an annual mean that was larger by 10.4–19.3 W m−2. The site also had substantially less incoming solar radiation during most months than in previous estimates, producing a difference in the annual mean of 5.0–9.5 W m−2 when compared to these estimates. The observed magnitudes of the sensible (−2.2 W m−2) and latent (1.1 W m−2) heat fluxes at SHEBA were smaller than previous climatological estimates, as were the conductive flux estimates (2.4–5.0 W m−2) at this site. Estimates of the measurement errors suggest that they are not likely to alter the conclusions concerning the SEB terms presented here but will prevent us from conclusively determining the reasons for the net thinning of the ice observed during SHEBA.
Observer-based direct field orientation for both zero and very high speed operation (of asynchronous machines)

This paper focuses on the design and analysis of a direct field orientation (DFO) approach based upon a closed-loop rotor flux observer. The approach is ideally suited for applications requiring both zero and very high (i.e. several times base) speed operation. The observer effectively combines the best accuracy attributes of rotor flux indirect (feedforward) field orientation (IFO) and stator flux DFO. The parameter sensitivity is similar to IFO at low and zero speeds and to stator flux DFO at high speeds. The closed-loop observer provides a smooth transition between two open-loop rotor flux observers referred to as the current and voltage models in a deterministic manner set by the closed-loop eigenvalues. The proposed DFO approach is analytically evaluated in comparison with both IFO and stator flux DFO. Experimental results verify the viability of this approach. >
Stereotype Relevance Moderates Category Activation: Evidence From the Indirect Category Accessibility Task (ICAT):

The impact of behavioral stereotypicality on category accessibility was examined using a novel method, the Indirect Category Accessibility Task (ICAT). In the ICAT, participants learn to distinguish visual stimuli from two categories based on feedback. In two studies, participants were exposed to images of individuals behaving consistently, inconsistently, or irrelevantly with traditional gender stereotypes. ICAT learning was superior in the stereotype-consistent and stereotype-inconsistent conditions compared to the stereotype-irrelevant conditions. These results demonstrate that category relevance moderates category accessibility. Implications for social categorization and stereotype change models are discussed.
How research on the meta-structure of psychopathology aids in understanding biological correlates of mood and anxiety disorders

Research on biological correlates of psychopathology stands to benefit from being interwoven with an empirically based, quantitative model of mental disorders. Empirically-based classification approaches help to deal effectively with issues such as comorbidity among diagnoses, which often serve as challenges to interpreting research on biological correlates. With regard to the mood and anxiety disorders specifically, quantitative research shows how mood and anxiety disorders are well conceptualized as elements within a broad internalizing spectrum of psychopathology, such that many putative biological correlates of specific disorders may be better conceptualized as delineating the pathophysiology of the broader mechanisms underlying multiple disorders.
Thermal annealing of irradiated lithium hydride II. A proposed mechanism

Abstract Radiation causes considerable internal decomposition of lithium hydride, ultimately resulting in gross swelling and formation of bubbles of hydrogen and particles of metallic lithium. When irradiated LiH is heated, stored energy is evolved as the free lithium and hydrogen back-react to form LiH. A mechanism is proposed that describes the back-reaction as proceeding by H 2 molecules ‘redissolving’ in the lattice, and then migrating to Li particles, where recombination occurs. An expression is developed that relates the size and the concentration of the hydrogen bubbles to the temperature characterizing the release of the stored energy. The data are shown to be consistent with this model.
Mixing Computations and Proofs

We examine the relationship between proof and computation in mathematics, especially in formalized mathematics. We compare the various approaches to proofs with a significant computational component, including (i) verifying the algorithms, (ii) verifying the results of the unverified algorithms, and (iii) trusting an external computation.
Green Nitride LEDs

The “green gap” is a major unsolved obstacle in current efforts to create high-efficiency solid-state solutions. The gap gets deeper at high injection currents, as green LEDs exhibit more pronounced efficiency droop than other visible LEDs. This chapter reviews recent advances in the development of high-brightness InGaN-based green LEDs on c-plane substrates as well as nonpolar and semipolar substrates. The influences of piezoelectric polarization and carrier localization effects on the LED performance are discussed. Recent work on efficiency droop in green LEDs is reviewed and a summary of the understanding of this problem is given.
Perpetual Crisis in the Tax State

The term “tax state” originated in a controversy between Rudolf Goldscheid and Joseph Schumpeter over the treatment of Austria's public debt in the aftermath of World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Goldschied asserted that this debt represented a crisis for a state that relies on taxation, and claimed that resolution required transforming the state into an entity that operated with its own capital. In contrast, Schumpeter argued that the crisis was temporary and could be resolved by a one-time capital levy to reduce the debt, after which the state could resume its tax-based mode of operation. This essay explains that Goldscheid's analysis was more on the mark than Schumpeter's, and does so by exploring the logic of interaction between carriers of distinct forms of property-based action: one form is private property; the other form is common or collective property. Perpetual crisis is a product of this interaction, elimination of which is conceivable only in the presence of a single principle for governing human action and interaction within both polity and economy.
Magnetic charges and magnetoelectricity in hexagonal rare-earth manganites and ferrites

noncollinear spins induces much larger magnetic charges than those that depend on spin-orbit coupling. The hexagonal manganites RMnO3 and ferrites RFeO3 (R = Sc, Y, In, Ho-Lu) exhibit strong couplings between electric, magnetic and structural degrees of freedom, with the transition-metal ions in the basal plane antiferromagnetically coupled through super-exchange so as to form a 120 noncollinear spin arrangement. Here we present a theoretical study of the magnetic charges, and of the spin-lattice and spin-electronic ME constants, in these hexagonal manganites and ferrites, clarifying the conditions under which exchange striction leads to an enhancedZ m values and anomalously large in-plane spin-lattice ME eects.
Relationship of thermal boundary conductance to structure from an analytical model plus molecular dynamics simulations

Thermal boundary resistance dominates the overall resistance of nanosystems. This effect can be utilized to improve the figure of merit of thermoelectric materials. It is also a concern for thermal failures in microelectronic devices. The interfacial resistance depends sensitively on many interrelated structural details including material properties of the two layers, the system dimensions, the interfacial morphology, and the defect concentrations near the interface. The lack of an analytical understanding of these dependencies has been a major hurdle for a science-based design of optimum systems on a nanoscale. Here we have combined an analytical model with extensive, highly converged direct-method molecular dynamics simulations to derive analytical relationships between interfacial thermal boundary resistance and structural features. We discover that thermal boundary resistance linearly decreases with total interfacial area that can be modified by interfacial roughening. This finding is further elucidated using wave-packet analysis and local density of state calculations.
Model for Oxygen Interstitial Injection from the Rutile TiO2(110) Surface into the Bulk

A quantitative microkinetic model is constructed for the injection of oxygen interstitial atoms from the rutile TiO2(110) surface into the bulk. The underlying rate expressions resemble conventiona...
Factors impacting Press Ganey patient satisfaction scores in orthopedic surgery spine clinic.

Abstract Background Context Patient satisfaction is and will continue to become an important metric in the American health care system. To our knowledge, there is no current literature exploring the factors that impact patient satisfaction in outpatient orthopedic spine surgery clinic. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine which factors impact patient satisfaction in an outpatient orthopedic spine clinic. Study Design This is a case series, level of evidence IV. Patient Sample We reviewed the Press Ganey Associates database to identify patients seen in an orthopedic spine surgery clinic from 2013 to 2015. Outcome Measures Outcome measures were self-reported, which included visual analog pain scores and Press Ganey satisfaction scores. Methods Retrospective computerized Press Ganey survey review was performed to identify patient demographics and patient visit characteristics. Bivariate analysis was used by splitting the patient response into the following: 0–3 (not satisfied), 4–7 (somewhat satisfied), and 8–11 (satisfied). Kruskal-Wallis test and Fisher exact test were used to evaluate the significance of patient and visit characteristics. Any variable that had a p-value less than .20 was subjected to the Poisson regression model. Results Overall, 353 patients were seen in an orthopedic spine surgery clinic and completed the Press Ganey survey. Three hundred and thirty-two patients were satisfied with their visit. Patients who were satisfied had a mean pain score of 4.02; patients who were somewhat satisfied or not satisfied had a pain score of 7 and 6, respectively (p=.009). Of 21 patients who felt the provider did not spend enough time with him or her, five (24%) patients were not satisfied with their visit. Poisson regression model confirmed significance of pain score and "provider time spent with you." Most impactful was "provider spent enough time with you" where a "yes, definitely" answer predicted a nearly 60% increase in Press Ganey overall satisfaction score. Conclusions Two patient variables that have a statistical significance on Press Ganey patient satisfaction scores were pain score and "provider spent enough time with you."
Enterobacter cloacae infection and drug sensitivity analysis in neonatal department

Objective To analyze retrospectively the infection of Enterobacter cloacae in neonatal department and its related drug sensitivity in six months from February to July in the year of 2008,to offer evidence to prevent and cure Enterobacter cloacae infection effectively.Methods To collect the general information of Enterobacter cloacae infection,the specimens positive for Enterobacter cloacae were studied,such as blood,sputum,urine,stool,cerebrospinal fluid and umbilicus secretions,Meantime,drug sensitivity for the detected Enterobacter cloacae strains was tested by disk diffusion technique(K-B method).Amp C β-lactamase and extended-spectrum β-lactamases(ESBLs) were analyzed by modified enzyme extract(cefoxitin and ceftriaxone)3-dimensional test.Results 47 cases(7.4%) of nosocomial infection were identified,and a total of 395 bacteria strains were cultured from studied specimens,the top three of which were Klebsiella pneumonia,Escherichia coli,and Staphylococcus aureus with the detection rate of 43.2%,10.6% and 8.6% respectively.However,the Enterobacter cloaca ranked eighth with 14 isolates and detection rate of 3.54%.The origins of Enterobacter cloacae were directly from sputum,blood,urine and umbilical secretions with the percentage of 64.2%,14.3%,14.3% and 7.14%,respectively.Meanwhile,the detection rates of Amp C β-lactamase producing strains and ESBLs producing strains were 21.4% and 14.2%,respectively,while the detection rate of the strains which could produce both Amp C β-lactamase and ESBLs accounts for 14.2% in our observation.The antibiotics resistance rate in β-lactamases producing strains was obviously higher than that in β-lactamases negative strains and all the strains sensitive to imipenem.Conclusions Enterobacter cloacae cannot be regarded as common bacteria causing infections in neonatal department.They often give rise to the infections of airway tract,blood,urine tract and umbilicus.It was found that Enterobacter cloacae producing AmpC enzyme or ESBLs are more common than other species.Therefore,it is achievable to get a better control of Enterobacter cloacae infection by applying imipenem at early stage.
Spirochaetal invasion of the colonic mucosa in a syndrome resembling swine dysentery following experimental Trichuris suis infection in weaned pigs.

Summary A syndrome resembling swine dysentery developed following experimental Trichuris suis infection in pigs. At post-mortem examination a severe catarrhal hacmorrhagic enteritis was observed in the large intestine. Nematodes were found on the mucosal surface throughout the caecum and colon. Electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of bacteria including spirochactcs in the surface epithelium of the mucosa and in goblet cells and epithelial cells titling the crypts. The significance of this association remains to be elucidated.
OFDM2A: A Centralized Resource Allocation Policy for Cellular Multi-hop Networks

We study the problem of joint scheduling and routing in the context of multi-hop communication over a relay-assisted broadband cellular network from an information-theoretic view. We propose orthogonal frequency division multi-hop multiple-access (OFDM2A) as a novel resource allocation policy; under which the time and frequency resources of the network are orthogonally shared among multiple users over multiple hops. This scheme provides a very simple and reliable framework for resource allocation over cellular multi-hop networks, ensuring interference-free multi-user communication. Furthermore, the novel principle of separating subcarrier allocation and multi-hop route selection allows for the design of low-complexity centralized opportunistic scheduling algorithms based on end-to-end route cost metrics, simultaneously realizing multi-user diversity and multi-hop diversity gains and thereby enhancing cellular capacity and coverage.
Improving the generalizability of emotion recognition systems: towards emotion recognition in the wild

Emotion recognition in the wild requires the ability to adapt to complex and changeable application scenarios, which necessitates the generalizability of automatic emotion recognition systems. My PhD thesis focuses on methods to address factors that negatively impact the generalizability of automatic emotion recognition systems, such as the ambiguity in emotion labels, the effects of expression style (e.g., speech and music), variation in recording environments, and individual differences. In particular, I propose to tease apart the influence of these factors from emotion using multi-task learning for both feature learning and emotion inference. Results from my completed works have demonstrated that classifiers that take the influence of corpus (simulating environmental differences), expression style and gender of speaker into consideration generalize better across corpus, compared to those that do not.
A THREE-DIMENSIONAL LOAD SHARING MODEL OF PLANETARY GEAR SETS HAVING MANUFACTURING ERRORS

Planet-to-planet load sharing is a major design and manufacturing tolerancing issue in planetary gear sets. Planetary gear sets are advantageous over their countershaft alternatives in many aspects, provided that each planet branch carries a reasonable, preferably equal, share of the torque transmitted. In practice, the load shared among the planets is typically not equal due to the presence of various manufacturing errors. This study aims at enhancing the models for planet load sharing through a three-dimensional formulation of N-planet helical planetary gear sets. Apart from previous models, the proposed model employs a gear mesh load distribution model to capture load and time dependency of the gear meshes iteratively. It includes all three types of manufacturing errors, namely constant errors such as planet pinhole position errors and pinhole diameter errors, constant but assembly dependent errors such as nominal planet tooth thickness errors, planet bore diameter errors, and rotation and assembly dependent errors such as gear eccentricities and run-outs. At the end, the model is used to show combined influence of these errors on planet load sharing to aid designers on how to account for manufacturing tolerances in the design of the gears of a planetary gear set.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Spinal Cord Injury Prevention and Management

Spinal cord ischemia (SCI) is a devastating complication that can affect patients undergoing aortic surgery. The incidence of SCI can vary, but it is most frequently encountered with repair or exclusion of more extensive thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. The etiology of SCI is likely multifactorial, but one of the leading mechanisms of its occurrence is occlusion of the segmental spinal arteries, such as the intercostal and lumbar arteries, in the absence of sufficient collateral flow. Many efforts are underway to develop prevention and treatment paradigms to help limit this complication. Some interventions such as the use of a spinal drain or staging of aortic repair may help to reduce the incidence and severity of SCI. Pharmacologic agents may show promise, but have not had as dramatic an effect. Careful operative planning and meticulous perioperative care are mandatory in the management of the at risk patient. Unfortunately, those patients that develop significant paraplegia ultimately have poorer long-term outcomes compared to those patients that are spared these events.
Vitamin E reduced secondary cardiovascular disease events in patients receiving long-term hemodialysis

Source Citation Boaz M, Smetana S, Weinstein T, et al. Secondary prevention with antioxidants of cardiovascular disease in endstage renal disease (SPACE): randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lance...
Entropy and Minimal Bit Rates for State Estimation and Model Detection

We study a notion of estimation entropy for continuous-time nonlinear systems, formulated in terms of the number of system trajectories that approximate all other trajectories up to an exponentially decaying error. We also consider an alternative definition of estimation entropy, which uses approximating functions that are not necessarily trajectories of the system, and show that the two entropy notions are equivalent. We establish an upper bound on the estimation entropy in terms of the sum of the desired convergence rate and an upper bound on the matrix measure of the Jacobian, multiplied by the system dimension. A lower bound on the estimation entropy is developed as well. We then turn our attention to state estimation and model detection with quantized and sampled state measurements. We describe an iterative procedure that uses such measurements to generate state estimates that converge to the true state at the desired exponential rate. The average bit rate utilized by this procedure matches the derived upper bound on the estimation entropy, and no other algorithm of this type can perform the same estimation task with bit rates lower than the estimation entropy. Finally, we discuss an application of the estimation procedure in determining, from the quantized state measurements, which of two competing models of a dynamical system is the true model. We show that under a mild assumption of “exponential separation” of the candidate models, detection always happens in finite time.
Effect of aging on linear and nonlinear MUX PUFs by statistical modeling

This paper addresses the effect of aging on linear and non-linear MUX physical unclonable functions (PUFs). It is well known that a PUF response can be modeled in terms of the delay difference of MUX stages. In this paper, we show that the aging effects can be modeled in terms of variations in delay-difference and arbiter delay. Specifically, with aging, the percent delay-difference variation of each MUX stage can be modeled as a ratio of two correlated Gaussian random variables. This ratio distribution is shown to be approximately Gaussian with zero mean and variance increasing with time. In case of the arbiter, the ratio distribution is modeled as a Gaussian with positive mean. The paper makes three contributions: modeling the effect of aging in terms of percent variations in delay-difference of the MUX stages and arbiter delay, analysis of authentication accuracy with aging, and approaches to increase the PUF's lifetime by either recalibrating it to obtain new delay-difference parameters, or by tuning a threshold based on the total delay-difference. A general approach for selecting the threshold values is described in the paper. It is shown that the authentication accuracy of a PUF is significantly affected due to aging effects of the arbiter itself. Therefore, under the assumption that the variations in arbiter delay are considerably more than in delay-differences, the performance degradation in the case of aging alone is prominent compared to noise alone. We show that the authentication accuracy of a feed-forward PUF is more degraded compared to linear or modified feed-forward PUF. Metrics like Jenson-Shannon and Henze-Penrose divergence are also used to analyze the effect of aging.
The Book of Prime Number Records. By Paulo Ribenboim

(1989). The Book of Prime Number Records. By Paulo Ribenboim. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 96, No. 7, pp. 663-665.
Financial Contributions by the EU to UN Peace Operations

The UN has recently embarked in a comprehensive debate concerning the reform of its peace and security response. Improved financing mechanisms and other support modalities are called for. Currently, the EU is engaged in a strategic and operational cooperation framework with the UN , but only its Member States contribute troops, civilian police, and funding to the UN peace operations. This article explores the feasibility and potential benefits for the maintenance of international peace and security of an enhanced role of the EU as an entity in funding UN peace operations and other activities related to them. It first contends that this development would increase the effectiveness of the EU foreign policy. It then analyses the institutional and legal challenges that it would raise in the UN setting. It finally concludes that using this financing tool to invigorate the EU leadership in foreign policy would benefit the European integration project.
Illness Severity of Children Admitted to the PICU From Referring Emergency Departments

OBJECTIVES: To compare patient factors and outcomes among children admitted to PICUs from referring versus children’s hospital emergency departments (EDs). METHODS: Pediatric patients ( RESULTS: Of 80 045 children from 109 PICUs, 35.6% were admitted from referring EDs and 64.4% were admitted from children’s hospital EDs. Children from referring EDs had higher illness severity (Pediatric Index of Mortality, version 2–predicted risk of mortality, 3.1% vs 2.2%, P CONCLUSIONS: Children transferred to PICUs from referring EDs had higher illness severity on arrival compared with children admitted from children’s hospital EDs. Variations in patient selection for transfer or pretransfer treatment at referring EDs may contribute to the greater illness severity of transferred children. Referring hospitals may benefit from leveraging existing resources to improve patient stabilization before transfer.
Malignant Potential of Adenomatous Polyps

Adenomatous polyps (APs) that contain invasive carcinoma will be discussed in Chap. 5.B, and the parallel occurrence of polyps and colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) in various population groups will be explored in Chap. 4.D. The coexistence of polyps and separate synchronous or metachronous (subsequent) carcinoma in the same individual will be discussed here. Although the epidemiological studies described in Chap. 4.D suggest a relationship between adenomatous polyps and carcinoma, they do not directly address the questions of (1) whether persons with adenomatous polyps are at elevated risk of subsequent CRC and, if so, (2) the size of the risk and its relation to pathological features of the polyp.
Using corpus-based discourse analysis for curriculum development: Creating and evaluating a pronunciation course for internationally educated nurses

Abstract This paper discusses the development of corpus-based curriculum for ESP, with a focus on two underresearched areas: health care communication and the use of corpus materials for pronunciation. Three aspects of corpus-based curriculum development are explored: corpus-based needs analysis; corpus-based materials development; and corpus-based assessment and evaluation (Flowerdew, 2012; Tono, 2011). First, this paper briefly reports on a quantitative corpus-based analysis of 104 nurse-patient interactions that was conducted to identify needs of nurses in clinical interactions, with a focus on the findings related to pronunciation (pitch range, tone choice, and prominence/sentence stress). Key differences were found between international and U.S. nurse discourse in the use of these features. Next, the paper describes the curriculum for a Pronunciation for Nurses course, with an emphasis on corpus-based materials development from the corpus described above. Finally, the paper discusses the corpus-based assessment of participants' progress and an evaluation of the Pronunciation for Nurses curriculum, including pre and post-tests, interviews with nurse participants, interviews with ESL teachers, and course evaluations. The methods discussed in the paper have implications for other ESP contexts and other aspects of language use.
Biologic Agents to Control Autoimmune Inflammation

Abstract In recent years the use of biologic agents such as antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, IL-6 and IL-17 inhibitors have been successful for the treatment of autoimmune and auto-inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and Crohn’s disease. It has now been ~ 20 years since the introduction of anti-TNF inhibitors and since its introduction much has been learned about TNF and other cytokines for the treatment of autoimmune and auto-inflammatory diseases. This chapter will review the mechanism of action of biologic agents, the diseases they treat, and side effects. In addition, there will be a small review of the potential for cost-saving drugs called biosimilars.
Use of Angiotensin II for Post Cardiopulmonary Bypass Vasoplegic Syndrome.

Angiotensin II is a novel vasopressor recently approved for the treatment of vasodilatory shock. We describe a case in which Angiotensin II was used to treat post–cardiopulmonary bypass vasoplegic syndrome in a patient who was refractory to standard vasopressors and other rescue therapies. Despite requiring high-dose vasopressors, the patient was extubated within 24 hours and has met key quality metrics defined by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons.
Predicting combustion characteristics in externally heated micro-tubes

Abstract This study employs a simplified analytical model to obtain qualitative predictions of transitions between non-adiabatic combustion regimes found in non-catalytic tubular micro-flow reactors, i.e. normal stable flames, flames with repetitive extinction and ignition (FREI), and weak flames that are stabilized by wall heat transfer. Assuming large activation energy for single-step kinetics, a comparison of exact solutions for constant and variable wall temperature profiles reveals that while a non-zero wall temperature gradient introduces a temperature lag, it has no impact on the structure of the flame solution itself. This result is significant as it establishes a link to quenching characteristics within heated micro-tubes, and further facilitates a simplified micro-flow reactor analysis. Predictions for sweeps of wall temperatures are combined to S-curves, which allow for a combustion regime classification for a given combination of micro-flow reactor geometry and mixture properties. A variation of parameters such as tube diameter or mixture stoichiometry yields predictions of shifts in regime transitions, thus providing insights on interactions between heat transfer and first order effects of chemical kinetics. A comparison to experimental data illustrates that the theoretical framework, – within inherent limitations, – captures qualitatively correct trends that reflect experimental observations, thus providing valuable insights for micro-flow reactor design and operation.
Advances in understanding the properties of spider silk

Abstract Spider silk has remarkable mechanical properties that rival many man-made materials, including nylon, Kevlar®, and high-tensile steel. Over the past three decades, scientists have been unraveling its mysterious, unique chemical and physical properties. Much insight into spider silk molecular structure has been driven by technological advances in biochemistry, molecular and structural biology, engineering, and physics. To comprehend its superior qualities and wide range of opportunities for industrial applications, we will review the diversity and chemical composition of different fiber types as well as the biofactories or silk-producing glands that manufacture fibers. We will place an emphasis on highlighting spider silk protein sequences and their relationship to structure and functions and compare the mechanical properties of fibers spun from two different species, specifically the cob weaver black widow spider, Latrodectus hesperus, and the golden orb weaver, Nephila clavipes. We will also explain the challenging nature of spider silk farming, which has resulted in the pursuit of recombinant DNA methodologies to clone spider silk genes for expression in transgenic organisms. Lastly, we will discuss the long-term goal of the scientific community, which includes the expression and purification of vast amounts of recombinant silk proteins as well as development of a spinning methodology to produce synthetic silks for endless applications. These include using the silk proteins and spun fibers for medicine, engineering, athletics, and defense.
Policies and Practices to Support School Mental Health

This chapter will provide an overview of the school mental health field which has grown significantly since its beginning days in child guidance clinics and primary focus on expanded models inclusive only of community providers. The opportunity to provide mental and behavioral health services within the school setting has been an ongoing goal for many mental health professionals (e.g., social workers, psychologists, counselors) who desire to improve access to care by providing evidence-based interventions to a greater number of children and families. Service delivery models that emphasize teaming and collaboration across school, community, and family stakeholders within the system of a multitiered public health continuum of promotion, prevention, early intervention, and treatment are increasingly showing positive outcomes for children in need.
Environmental geochemistry and mineral resources

Most environmental debates require an understanding of the fundamental principles of geochemistry that govern the movement of pollutants. These principles control environmental decisions in the same way that geological principles control the distribution of mineral deposits. Failure to understand them creates the risk of advocating impossible solutions, such as disposing of radioactive waste by burning it. Thus, before beginning our discussion of mineral resources, we must review the chemical controls that determine their environmental effects. Principles of environmental geochemistry Just in case you have forgotten some of your high school science, here is a quick review. The fundamental building blocks of Earth are atoms , which consist of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The nucleus is made up of neutrons with no charge and protons with a positive charge equal to that of an electron. Different atoms, each with a specific number of protons, make up the elements , which are arranged in the periodic table (Figure 3.1). Elements lose or gain electrons to become ions. Those with fewer electrons than protons have a net positive charge and are known as cations ; those with more electrons than protons have a net negative charge and are known as anions . Ions that lose electrons are said to be oxidized, whereas those that gain electrons are reduced. The valence or oxidation state of the ion refers to the number of electrons that it has lost or gained. Elements with different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons are known as isotopes . They are commonly referred to by their number of protons plus neutrons, or mass number, and are written in the form 235 U. Atoms form chemical bonds with other atoms to produce compounds , substances with a definite chemical composition. A group of atoms is known as a molecule if it has no net charge, such as CO 2 , or a complex ion if it has a net charge, such as NH 4 + or CO 3 2– . Compounds are classified as organic if they contain carbon in association with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous, chlorine, or fluorine, or inorganic if they do not contain carbon. Compounds that form during processes occurring in Earth are considered natural and those that are made in the laboratory are synthetic.
High intensity aerobic exercise improves bimanual coordination of grasping forces in Parkinson's disease.

Abstract Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) disrupts the control and coordination of grasping forces, likely due to a disruption in basal ganglia circuitry and diminished activity within the supplementary motor area (SMA). High intensity aerobic exercise has been shown to enhance connectivity between basal ganglia nuclei and cortical areas, including the SMA. The aim of this project was to determine the effects of high intensity lower extremity exercise on motor control patterns underlying a manual dexterity task. Methods PD participants completed eight weeks of high intensity aerobic exercise under forced or voluntary exercise (FE or VE) modalities. Grasping forces for each limb were quantified during a functional bimanual dexterity task. Data were collected while OFF antiparkinsonian medication at baseline, end of treatment (EOT), and eight weeks after exercise cessation (EOT+8). Results Eight weeks of high intensity exercise improved MDS-UPDRS Motor III clinical ratings by more than 4 points (~15%) for the FE and VE groups. Time to complete the task decreased nearly 30% across both groups as well. The control and coordination of grasping forces, simultaneity of force initiation, and rate of grip and load force exhibited significant improvements following exercise. In general, improvements in biomechanical outcomes were sustained following exercise cessation. Conclusion High intensity aerobic exercise, achieved via a forced or voluntary mode, improved PD symptoms and bimanual dexterity. Sustained improvement of upper extremity motor control following exercise cessation indicates high intensity exercise enhances CNS functioning and suggests exercise may be a candidate for altering PD progression.
Efficacy of Intrauterine Dextrose Therapy on Fertility of Lactating Dairy Cows Diagnosed with Clinical Endometritis

Clinical endometritis (CE) is a common uterine disorder in high producing dairy cows that negatively impacts reproductive performance, thus diminishing profitability and sustainability. Reducing pathogenic bacteria load and uterine inflammation while enhancing immune defense are the general principle for endometritis therapy. An in vitro study has shown mannose to inhibit the adhesion of bacteria to the epithelial cells of the equine endometrium (King et al, AJVR 61:446, 2000). The use of PGF2alpha (PG) is generally recommended, but the lack of concrete experimental evidences makes it difficult to promote an effective therapy approach for CE. Therefore, the use of non-pharmaceutical antimicrobial therapy (50% dextrose in water) that targets the uterine environment rather than the bacterial pathogen itself may be a viable and cost-effective strategy for conventional and organic dairy cows. The objective of this study was to determine whether an intrauterine flushing with a hypertonic solution (50% dextrose in water) of lactating dairy cows diagnosed with CE result in comparable fertility to conventional therapy (parental ceftiofur) as opposed to non-treated CE animals (control group) and healthy cows (without CE).
The pandemic silver lining: preparing osteopathic learners to address healthcare needs using telehealth.

CONTEXT During the COVID-19 pandemic, many clinicians quickly adapted their way of practicing patient care by offering telehealth and virtual office visits while simultaneously having to minimize direct patient care. The shift in direct clinical learning opportunities provided to third- and fourth-year medical students required a shift in the educational curriculum to develop learner skills around the appropriate use of telehealth in patient care. OBJECTIVES The aim of this project was to provide exposure to students so they could learn the telemedicine equipment and best practices, and how to identify infectious diseases to improve access to care and meet the needs of the patient. METHODS In July and August of 2020, the Indiana Area Health Education Centers Program partnered with Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine (MUCOM) to support a 1 day telehealth simulation (online curriculum, group lecture, and two standardized patient encounters) into their clerkship curriculum. We utilized a retrospective pretest-posttest to assess changes in learner knowledge around telehealth after the program. At the conclusion of the telehealth training program, students were asked to complete a retrospective pretest-posttest assessing their level of preparedness to utilize telehealth equipment, their preparedness to demonstrate "telehealth best practices" in a manner consistent with protecting patient (and data) privacy, their confidence to utilize telehealth for identification of infectious diseases, and their confidence to utilize telehealth to identify proper treatment plans. RESULTS A total of 96 learners completed the program in 2020. Posttest results demonstrate a statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement for learners' self-reported level of preparedness to utilize telehealth equipment, their preparedness to demonstrate "telehealth best practices" in a manner consistent with protecting patient (and data) privacy, their confidence to utilize telehealth for identification of infectious diseases, and their confidence to utilize telehealth to identify proper treatment plans. CONCLUSIONS Our telehealth curriculum involving a video, interactive learning session, and two standardized patient experiences provided osteopathic medical learners with realistic simulated case scenarios to work through in effort to improve their knowledge and self-efficacy around the utilization of telehealth in practice.
Homotopy theory and circle actions on symplectic manifolds

Introduction. Traditionally, soft techniques of algebraic topology have found much use in the world of hard geometry. In recent years, in particular, the subject of symplectic topology (see [McS]) has arisen from important and interesting connections between symplectic geometry and algebraic topology. In this paper, we will consider one application of homotopical methods to symplectic geometry. Namely, we shall discuss some aspects of the homotopy theory of circle actions on symplectic manifolds. Because this paper is meant to be accessible to both geometers and topologists, we shall try to review relevant ideas in homotopy theory and symplectic geometry as we go along. We also present some new results (e.g. see Theorem 2.12 and §5) which extend the methods reviewed earlier. This paper then serves two roles: as an exposition and survey of the homotopical approach to symplectic circle actions and as a first step to extending the approach beyond the symplectic world.
Multirate Model Predictive Control of Unconstrained Single Input-Single Output Processes

Model predictive control (MPC) techniques have found widespread application in the chemical process industry, primarily due to explicit constraint handling ability. One limitation to these techniques is that they are based on the availability of output measurements and manipulated variable moves at the same sampling rate. In this paper, a multirate sampling approach to model predictive control is presented A stability analysis for unconstrained multirate systems is developed by obtaining the discrete feedback equivalent representation through the linear controller transfer function.
Real-time in situ sensors and control integration for life support systems

The limitations of the state-of-the-art for in situ sensors are discussed and a program of adaptation and enhancement of off-the-shelf sensor technologies and of innovation and research to develop more appropriate sensor technologies for life support systems is offered. By critically assessing the state-of-the-art in multifunctional sensors and smart sensors, research and development requirements for life support systems can be defined. Consideration is given to the desirable characteristics of smart sensors for life support applications, and some preliminary concepts for hierarchical integration of in situ sensors and control elements are presented.