cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trends in global tropical cyclone activity over the past twenty years (1986–2005)

[1] The recent destructive Atlantic hurricane seasons and several recent publications have sparked debate over whether warming tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are causing more intense, longer-lived tropical cyclones. This paper investigates worldwide tropical cyclone frequency and intensity to determine trends in activity over the past twenty years during which there has been an approximate 0.2°–0.4°C warming of SSTs. The data indicate a large increasing trend in tropical cyclone intensity and longevity for the North Atlantic basin and a considerable decreasing trend for the Northeast Pacific. All other basins showed small trends, and there has been no significant change in global net tropical cyclone activity. There has been a small increase in global Category 4–5 hurricanes from the period 1986–1995 to the period 1996–2005. Most of this increase is likely due to improved observational technology. These findings indicate that other important factors govern intensity and frequency of tropical cyclones besides SSTs.
The Value of Multi-Dimensional Rating System: An Information Transfer View

This paper empirically examines the value of multi-dimensional online rating system (versus single-dimensional online rating system) from an information transfer perspective. Our key identification strategy hinges on a natural experiment that took place on TripAdvisor.com that allows us to identify the causal effect with a difference-in-difference approach. Our key findings, first show that consumers’ ratings for the same restaurants are significantly higher in TripAdvisor after its adoption of the multidimensional rating system. Second, we show that restaurants with lower price level benefit more from rating system change. Third, we show that the ratings in single-dimensional rating system are similar to the lowest dimension in the multi-dimensional system. The results demonstrate the information value of multi-dimensional ratings. Our study provides important implications for a better design of online WOM systems to help consumers match their preferences with product/service attributes.
Feeling the Emotions of Acted Characters: Commentary on Heisel

This commentary addresses the hypothesis that empathy is a tool for embodiment and skillful performance in the presentation of opera and art song. It discusses the need to clearly and effectively define the term “empathy,” and considers research from acting and theatre that speaks directly to how embodiment occurs in vocal performance, when that performance is attached to a character specifically. It concludes with some additional acting exercises singers may find useful.
Intrinsic leakage in low power deep submicron CMOS ICs

The large leakage currents in deep submicron transistors threaten future products and established quality manufacturing techniques. These include the ability to manufacture low power and battery operated products, and the ability to perform I/sub DDQ/ sensitive measurements with the significant ensuing benefits to test, reliability, and failure analysis. This paper reports transistor intrinsic leakage reduction as functions of bias point, temperature, source-well backbiasing, and lowered power supply (V/sub DD/). These device properties are applied to a test application that combines I/sub DDQ/ and F/sub MAX/ to establish a 2-parameter limit for distinguishing intrinsic and extrinsic (defect) leakages in microprocessors with high background I/sub DDQ/ leakage.
Make War Not Love

David has been held up as an ideal(ized) man, one against whom other men are to be defined: a hegemonic male. His hegemonic masculinity is clearly visible in 2 Samuel 10–12, which takes place during the Ammonite wars. But hegemony is a social construct, and it gets expressed in social relationships. David’s relationships with three other characters in this pericope – Joab, Bathsheba and Uriah – illustrate how a hegemonic man maintains his hegemony through the trifecta of violence, sex, and race. Ultimately, David’s actions in 2 Samuel 10–12 vis-a-vis these three show the limitations and perils of hegemonic masculinity. Rather than glorifying hegemonic masculinity, this text ends up undermining it, exposing cracks in this image of masculinity.
A two-dimensional suspension array system by coupling field flow fractionation to flow cytometry

Flow field flow fractionation (Fl-FFF) was coupled to flow cytometry to improve the performance of suspension arrays. Size-based separation of the protein-conjugated microspheres by Fl-FFF was performed and the results demonstrated that, the separation could tolerate a wide range of carrier fluid conditions (pH values, salt concentrations, and buffer compositions) favorable for immunoassays. The immuno-complex remained intact during Fl-FFF, as revealed by fluorescence measurements before and after the Fl-FFF separation, and SDS-PAGE of the eluted proteins. The sample throughput of the suspension array can be increased several folds by using particles of different sizes and separating them with Fl-FFF before flow cytometric measurement. Moreover, the gel result hinted that the continuous wash inside the Fl-FFF system may lower the assay background, another possible advantage of the two-dimensional suspension array system.
Properties of the genome in normal and SV-40 transformed WI-38 human diploid fibroblasts. III. Turnover of nonhisone chromosomal proteins and their phosphate groups.

Abstract The turnover of nonhistone chromosomal proteins and their phosphate groups was compared in normal and in SV-40 virus transformed WI-38 human diploid fibroblasts. Cells were pulse labelled with tryptophan- 3 H and 32 P for 30 minutes and the specific activities of tryptophan- 3 H and 32 P in the various molecular weight classes of nonhistone chromosomal proteins were determined during the first four hours following termination of labelling. While a rapid turnover of high molecular weight nonhistone polypeptides (142, 000 to 200, 000 Daltons) is evident after one hour in SV_40 transformed cells, the specific activities of these nonhistone chromosomal polypeptides are not significantly decreased in normal cells. In contrast, a rapid turnover of low molecular weight (30, 000 to 51, 000 Daltons) nonhistone chromosomal proteins occurs during the first hour in normal WI-38 cells with no corresponding decrease in the specific activities of these proteins in SV-40 transformed cells. There is no apparent net turnover of phosphate groups on nonhistone chromosomal proteins in either normal or SV-40 transformed cells four hours following pulse labelling. Rather, during the first four hours significant fluctuations are observed in the 32 P specific activities of defined molecular weight fractions. Taken together with previous reports of differences in the composition, synthesis and phosphorylation of nonhistone chromosomal proteins in normal and SV-40 transformed human diploid cells the present results further indicate the complex nature of the alterations in these proteins which accompany viral transformation.
Studies of carbonyl sulfide toxicity: Metabolism by carbonic anhydrase.

Abstract Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is acutely toxic to rats, with an LD 50 of 22.5 mg/kg, ip. COS is partly metabolized in vivo to hydrogen sulfide. Pretreatment of rats with acetazolamide, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, reduced the blood levels of hydrogen sulfide and, concomitantly, decreased the toxicity of COS. Sodium nitrite pretreatment also protected animals against COS toxicity. Acetazolamide had no effect on hydrogen sulfide toxicity per se. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that COS is metabolized to hydrogen sulfide by carbonic anhydrase, and it is the hydrogen sulfide produced that is responsible for COS toxicity.
Trends in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissection: Out of the Shadows and Into the Light

In this issue of Circulation , Sidloff and colleagues1 have presented their findings that, among 18 World Health Organization member states over a period of 16 years (1994–2010), there has been a reduction in the age-standardized mortality from both thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. If one considers the United States, the United Kingdom, and Sweden, 3 countries that have published extensively on the prevalence and mortality of thoracic aortic disease, the trends are quite favorable: Mortality from thoracic aortic aneurysm has declined by ≈5% to 10% among men and 3% to 6% among women, and mortality from aortic dissection has declined by ≈2% to 3% among men and 1% to 2% among women. However, and not surprisingly, the investigators discovered heterogeneity among mortality trends by country. For example, for men with thoracic aortic aneurysms, although there was a statistically significant reduction in mortality over time in 13 of the 18 countries, in 3 countries, there was instead an increase in mortality. Similarly, for men suffering from aortic dissection, although there was again a statistically significant reduction in mortality over time in 13 of the 18 countries, in 1 country, there was a significant rise in mortality. Japan and Romania were the 2 countries with the most consistent increases in mortality. Article see p 2287 The investigators then considered the impact of changing prevalence of risk factors on the changing mortality from thoracic aortic disease. In all of the countries studied, there was a decline in systolic blood pressure of up to 6% over time, and there was a linear relationship between systolic blood …
A Model for Customer Complaint Management

A model of customer complaint management is developed in terms of defensive marketing strategy. Based on an explicit microfoundation, firms' incentives to manage complaints are analyzed. In the context of a monopoly and homogeneous oligopoly, we discuss the optimal levels of customer compensation and effort and characterize industries where complaint management is likely to be used. We then examine a differentiated oligopoly and find an explicit formula for the market share gains associated with complaint management. This is illustrated in an example with real data. We finally consider the trade-off between defensive strategy in the form of complaint management and various offensive marketing tools such as advertising and pricing.
Distribution and characterization of the opioid octapeptide met5-enkephalin-arg6-gly7-leu8 in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat.

The distribution and characterization of the opioid octapeptide met5-enkephalin-arg6-gly7-leu8 (met5-enk-arg6-gly7-leu8) within the gastrointestinal tract of the rat has been determined by immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay by use of a newly developed antibody to met5-enk-arg6-gly7-leu8. With both techniques, met5-enk-arg6-gly7-leu8-immunoreactivity (met5-enk-arg6-gly7-leu8IR) was detected in all regions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract except the esophagus. The highest concentration of immunoreactive met5-enk-arg6-gly7-leu8 was observed in the colon, while intermediate concentrations were found in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Immunostained somata were observed chiefly in the myenteric plexus; immunostained processes were present primarily in the myenteric plexus and the circular muscle layer. This distribution pattern is similar to that previously observed with antiserum to met5-enkephalin-arg6-phe7 (met5-enk-arg6phe7). Chromatographic analysis of met5-enk-arg6-gly7leu8-immunoreactive peptides extracted from the GI tract revealed the presence of an immunoreactive peptide of high molecular weight which accounted for approximately three-quarters of met5-enk-arg6-gly7-leu8-IR in both stomach and colon. These findings suggest a role for peptides related to the octapeptide met5-enk-arg6-gly7-leu8 in the regulation of GI function.
Structural Modeling of Human Growth Hormone Receptor using Computational Simulations and NMR Spectroscopy

Growth hormone receptor (GHR) is a central component of growth hormone (GH) induced signaling pathway. It is engaged in various cell functions related to growth and metabolism. Despite its crucial role in these functions, knowledge of its structure remains elusive, especially the transmembrane (TM) domain that bridges extracellular signals to the cytosolic downstream recipients. We modeled the TM domain structures of the active and inactive receptors using temperature replica-exchange simulations and further tested their structural stability and intrinsic dynamics in POPC bilayers with a total of 15.6 μs molecular dynamics simulations. Cross-validation experiments were also carried out. These include (i) performing window-exchange umbrella sampling simulations with the inter-helical distances as the reaction coordinates to find the energetically most favorable human GHR TM dimer structures and (ii) extracting structural information from H1-N15 HSQC NMR spectra. The results of the three independent experiments well compliment each other. The active and inactive states of human GHR adopt different structural features. The difference is subtle, mostly in the interfacial residues, and is presumably caused by rotation and piston motions of the TM helices.
Effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors on formation of morphine glucuronide

Abstract The inhibition of the formation of morphine glucuronide in vitro by five monoamine oxidase inhibitors is described. Pargyline and phenelzine at 1.0 and 5.0 × 10−4M concentration and tranylcypromine at 5 and 10 × 10−4M concentration were competitive inhibitors of morphine glucuronidation, while isocarboxazide was a mixed-type inhibitor. Nialamide, in the concentrations studied, did not significantly inhibit the formation of morphine glucuronide.
Dependence of the methylene selectivity on the composition of hydro-organic eluents for reversed-phase liquid chromatographic systems with alkyl bonded phases

A theoretical treatment is presented which considers differences between the composition of the mobile phase and solvents that are incorporated into the bonded phase via preferential sorption. Equations are derived and used to analyze retention data for various homologs chromatographed under reversed-phase conditions using alkyl bonded phases and combinations of water-methanol, water-acetonitrile and watertetrahydrofuran as mobile phases. In the case of water-methanol the surface phase and bulk mobile phase compositions are similar. However, significant differences in composition between the two phases are observed when binary combinations of water-acetonitrile and water-tetrahydrofuran are used as the cluents.
Apparent effect of magnetic activity upon secular variation of the vertical component of the Earth's magnetic field

In a previous paper (Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, fourteenth annual meeting, pp. 139–144, 1933) a definite negative correlation was reported between the second differences of the mean annual values of world-wide magnetic activity and magnetic horizontal force at several widely-separated observatories. This correlation demonstrated that during years of high magnetic activity the horizontal force tends to be lower than during inactive years. No correlation was found between the second differences of the horizontal force and the first differences of magnetic activity, indicating that no appreciable carry-over effect of the activity exists.
STM studies of methanol oxidation to formate on Cu(110) surfaces: I. sequential dosing experiments

Abstract We have used STM to study the oxidation of methanol (CH 3 OH and CD 3 OH) to formate on Cu(110) surfaces. Our observations resolve the conflicting conclusions found in a variety of previous studies. We find that, over time, sequential dosing of oxygen followed by methanol onto Cu(110) surfaces will result in quantities of adsorbed formate molecules. These formate molecules, however, can be quite mobile on the surface and thus difficult to image via STM. We have developed and tested a methodology of performing STM experiments by which we can trap rapidly diffusing formate molecules into structures which can be imaged.
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Steroids and Carcinogenesis

In addition to the electronic factors, there is a steric factor responsible for the carcinogenicity of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. A carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon must bear steric resemblance to steroids. One possible implication to this requirement for carcinogenicity is that these hydrocarbons may act on the same sites as steroid hormones.
Accuracy Considerations in Internal Node Timing Measurements of High-Performance MCMs

In order to take full advantage of MCM technology, it is desirable to push clock rates to the highest rate achievable. It is extremely important to accurately characterize parameters such as timing margins and undershoot conditions to pursue this goal. Probing internal nodes of MCMs is essential to optimizing their performance. This paper investigates the accuracy of signal acquisition under varying probe conditions. The effect of probe parasitic capacitance and inductance on timing measurements is measured and modeled.
Edge turbulence measurements in TFTR

Abstract The edge turbulence in TFTR is characterized by several diagnostics. Langmuir probes and D-alpha imaging have detected large amplitude, small-scale, broadband density fluctuations in the scrape-off region near the wall. Broadband fluctuations with a similar frequency spectrum are detected by small-angle microwave scattering and magnetic pickup loops. Increases in the turbulence level are seen during neutral beam injection. Some preliminary analysis of this data is presented.
Influence of visual technology on the evolution of language environments

The increasing influence of visual technology on language environments that has resulted from the increasing availability of workstations is discussed. An evolution that began with the relatively straightforward translation of textual techniques into corresponding visual techniques and has progressed to uses of visual techniques that have no natural parallel using purely textural techniques is traced. Visual user interfaces, visual editing, and visual languages are surveyed. >
Interplays ofμSR, susceptibility and neutron studies on dilute-alloy spin glasses

Static spin polarization of Fe moments in a spin glass AuFe, determined by zero-field ..mu..SR, is compared to an ac-susceptibility measurement below the cusp temperature T/sub g/, and a rather uniform amplitude of the static polarization is pointed out for frozen spins. Completely random orientation of frozen spins is revealed by neutron scattering in a dilute 1% CuMn, and an importance of comparing results of these different methods is demonstrated.
FRICTION DAMPING OF CIRCULAR MOTION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TO VIBRATION CONTROL

We investigate the case when the contacting point moves in a circular path. It is found that an exact solution can be derived for the problem of a frictionally constrained system when it is subjected to a circular excitation. The results for circular motion are compared with those for straight line motion in order to assess the importance of two-dimensional effects
Effect of preparation methods on the catalytic properties of zeolite-supported ruthenium in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

Three preparation techniques (incipient wetness using a solution of ruthenium chloride (RuCl/sub 3/), vapor impregnation by the ruthenium carbonyl (Ru/sub 3/(CO)/sub 12/), and ion exchange with Ru(NH/sub 3/)/sub 6/Cl/sub 3/) have been used to prepare sodium (Na)Y zeolite-supported ruthenium catalysts. The effect of these preparation methods on the activity and product selectivity of the Ru catalysts in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was examined at temperatures in the range of 220 to 320/sup 0/C, a pressure of 1 atm, a CO/H/sub 2/ ratio of 1, and flow rates in the range GHSV = 1800 to 3600 h/sup -1/. It was found that there is a good inverse correlation of turnover numbers for CO conversion to the CO/H adsorption ratio, suggesting that the relative availability of adsorbed H/sub 2/ and CO determines catalyst activity during reaction. Selectivity in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was greatly influenced by the preparation method and metal loading. Catalysts prepared by incipient wetness produced mainly methane. Catalysts prepared by vapor impregnation had the best selectivities for higher hydrocarbons and olefins even though they had the smallest average Ru particle sizes. The observed changes in adsorption, activity, and selectivity with preparation method appear to result from differences produced in metal locationmore » in/on the zeolite, metal particle size, and zeolite-metal interactions. 12 figures, 2 tables.« less
Fourier analysis of Stark modulation measurements on molecular crystals

Closed, analytical expressions for the Fourier amplitudes which arise in the analysis of Stark modulation experiments on lorentzian line shapes have been developed for the case where |Δμ|>0, |Δα|=0. The analysis establishes the effect of modulation broadening on absorption and emission lines, determines the differences, advantages and optimal modulation conditions for phase sensitive detection at the fundamental and at twice the fundamental. It also establishes procedures for extracting the change in dipole moment between the ground and an excited electronic state.
Technology strategy and management The evolution of platform thinking

How platform adoption can be an important determinant of product and technological success.
Pulse width is associated with cognitive decline after thalamic stimulation for essential tremor.

Abstract The present study sought to identify predictors of cognitive decline after thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) for essential tremor (ET). Twenty-seven patients (55%) with ET demonstrated mild cognitive decrements relative to pre-surgical baseline (ET-D), whereas 22 patients (45%) were classified as neuropsychologically stable (ET-S). The ET-D and ET-S groups were comparable in terms of baseline demographic, disease, and neuropsychological characteristics, as well as post-surgical motor outcomes. However, the ET-D group had significantly higher pulse width (PW) stimulator settings, and a greater proportion of ET-D than ET-S patients underwent left in comparison to right thalamic stimulation. A subsequent step-wise discriminant function analysis revealed that disease onset after age 37 years and higher PW settings (≥120 μs) were the strongest predictors of post-surgical cognitive decline in this sample. Findings indicate that although relatively higher PW settings might afford optimal tremor control in some patients, the corresponding risk of mild, probably often subclinical, cognitive morbidity must be weighed accordingly.
Quantitative trait loci for partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybean

Partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae Kauffmann and Gerdemann in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is expressed as a reduced level of root rot and is effective against all populations of the pathogen. The objective of this study was to identify simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers associated with putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for partial resistance to P. sojae in the soybean 'Conrad'. Three recombinant inbred soybean populations, Conrad × 'Sloan', Conrad × 'Harosoy', and Conrad × 'Williams', were evaluated for root lesion growth rate in growth chamber experiments following inoculation with P. sojae and with SSR markers to identify putative QTLs. The three populations segregated for root lesion growth rate after root inoculations. Two putative QTLs donated by Conrad were identified in all three populations and were positioned on soybean molecular linkage groups (MLGs) F and D1b+W. The QTL on MLG F explained 32.4, 35.0, and 21.4% of the genotypic variation for Conrad x Sloan, Conrad x Harosoy, and Conrad × Williams populations, respectively. The QTL on MLG D1b+W explained 10.6, 15.9, and 20.7% of the genotypic variation for the same three populations, respectively. The QTL on MLG F appears to be of more value based on the percentage of genotypic variation explained. Because the results indicate that QTLs for partial resistance to P. sojae map to different regions in soybean compared with the known Rps genes poses a challenge to soybean breeders. Marker-assisted selection may expedite the process of combining both Rps genes with partial resistance into high-yielding cultivars.
Type-preserving compilation of end-to-end verification of security enforcement

A number of programming languages use rich type systems to verify security properties of code. Some of these languages are meant for source programming, but programs written in these languages are compiled without explicit security proofs, limiting their utility in settings where proofs are necessary, e.g., proof-carrying authorization. Others languages do include explicit proofs, but these are generally lambda calculi not intended for source programming, that must be further compiled to an executable form. A language suitable for source programming backed by a compiler that enables end-to-end verification is missing.In this paper, we present a type-preserving compiler that translates programs written in FINE, a source-level functional language with dependent refinements and affine types, to DCIL, a new extension of the .NET Common Intermediate Language. FINE is type checked using an external SMT solver to reduce the proof burden on source programmers. We extract explicit LCF-style proof terms from the solver and carry these proof terms in the compilation to DCIL, thereby removing the solver from the trusted computing base. Explicit proofs enable DCIL to be used in a number of important scenarios, including the verification of mobile code, proof-carrying authorization, and evidence-based auditing. We report on our experience using FINE to build reference monitors for several applications, ranging from a plugin-based email client to a conference management server.
Hand preference in gestures and signs in the deaf and hearing: some notes on early evidence and theory.

Abstract Research has shown that when persons with normal hearing accompany their speech with gestures, right-handers use more right-hand gestures, and left-handers use more left-hand gestures, although to a lesser extent ( D. Kimura, (1973a), (1973b) , Neuropsychologia , 11 , 45–50, 51–55.). Comparable differences have been found in deaf persons when signing, with the direction of hand dominance for signing in both right- and left-handers corresponding to that for nonlinguistic actions ( J. Vaid, D. Schemenauer, U. Bellugi, & H. Poizner, 1984 , Hand dominance in a visual-gesture language , Paper presented at BABBLE, March, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada). In this paper, I recount early theories and observational data about hand dominance for gesture and signing, both in the hearing and the deaf. Several of these early theories and observations anticipate current work and also suggest new avenues for investigation.
A computational approach to swept leading-edge receptivity

Computational techniques developed to simulate receptivity mechanisms near a swept-wing leading edge are presented. The method is based on hybrid finite-difference and spectral approximations to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations in a generalized coordinate system. Particular attention is paid to boundary treatments in an effort to reduce the generation of spurious waves which can mask the physical receptivity mechanisms. Model problems verifying the accuracy of the method are presented, including Tollmien-Schlichting waves in a parallel boundary layer and acoustic scattering from a circular cylinder. Mean flow and receptivity results for a flat plate with superellipse leading edge at M = 0.1 are presented and compare favorably to previous incompressible calculations. Results for the same geometry are also obtained at M = 0.8 and show a significant increase in instability. (Author)
Co‐axial Electrospinning for Nanofiber Structures: Preparation and Applications

Preparation of nanofibers in a core‐sheath configuration, using two dissimilar materials, via a novel technique of co‐axial electrospinning has presented unusual potential for use in many novel applications. The studies have addressed issues related to the technology involved and examined the suitability of the technique for producing unique nanoscale morphologies involving variety of materials. In this first major review of co‐axial electrospinning, we provide details of the manufacturing and material factors affecting the process, the conditions needed for preparing desired uniform morphologies, and the different types of structures that have been successfully produced.
SILVER-MORDENITE FOR RADIOLOGIC GAS CAPTURE FROM COMPLEX STREAMS: DUAL CATALYTIC CH3I DECOMPOSITION AND I CONFINEMENT.

Abstract The selective capture of radiological iodine ( 129 I) is a persistent concern for safe nuclear energy. In nuclear fuel reprocessing scenarios, the gas streams to be treated are extremely complex, containing several distinct iodine-containing molecules amongst a large variety of other species. Silver-containing mordenite (MOR) is a longstanding benchmark for radioiodine capture, reacting with molecular iodine (I 2 ) to form AgI. However the mechanisms for organoiodine capture is not well understood. Here we investigate the capture of methyl iodide from complex mixed gas streams by combining chemical analysis of the effluent gas stream with in depth characterization of the recovered sorbent. Tools applied include infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis with mass spectrometry, micro X-ray fluorescence, powder X-ray diffraction analysis, and pair distribution function analysis. The MOR zeolite catalyzes decomposition of the methyl iodide through formation of surface methoxy species (SMS), which subsequently reacts with water in the mixed gas stream to form methanol, and with methanol to form dimethyl ether, which are both detected downstream in the effluent. The liberated iodine reacts with Ag in the MOR pore to the form subnanometer AgI clusters, smaller than the MOR pores, suggesting that the iodine is both physically and chemically confined within the zeolite.
Design considerations and techniques for constructing video stimuli

Techniques for constructing video playback stimuli fall into five categories. The first three involve manipulating video sequences: (1) edited video is a temporal rearrangement of raw footage, (2) processed video applies global filtering algorithms to edited video, and (3) frame-manipulated video involves manually altering individual frames. The last two, (4) exemplar-based animation and (5) parameter-based animation, are synthetic models derived from visual parameters based on a single exemplar and sample data, respectively. Image-based approaches are straightforward to apply and preserve fine spatiotemporal detail. Synthetic stimuli are desirable when a large number of manipulations are called for and to ensure individual stimuli reflect population characteristics.
Low-energy electron drift and scattering in krypton and xenon.

The drift velocity of electrons in Ar, Kr, and Xe has been measured at a gas temperature T=301 K using gas pressures of 300 and 600 kPa over the E/N range 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}20}$\ensuremath{\le}E/N\ensuremath{\le}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}17}$ V ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. The measurements have been used to derive the low-energy momentum-transfer cross section ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{m}$(\ensuremath{\varepsilon}) in Kr and Xe at electron energies up to 8 eV using a Boltzmann-equation analysis along with a four-parameter modified-effective-range-theory procedure. Particular attention has been paid to the effects of impurities on the measured electron drift velocities and the uniqueness of the derived momentum-transfer cross sections. The present measurements and calculated cross sections are compared with published values from experiments and calculations.
Urinary tumor necrosis factor contributes to sodium retention and renal hypertrophy during diabetes

Nephropathy is a major contributor to overall morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Early renal changes during diabetes include Na retention and renal hypertrophy. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is elevated during diabetes and is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. We tested the hypothesis that TNF contributes to Na retention and renal hypertrophy during diabetes. Rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes exhibit increased urinary TNF excretion, Na retention, and renal hypertrophy through the first 20 days of diabetes. Administration of a soluble TNF antagonist (TNFR:Fc) to diabetic rats reduces urinary TNF excretion and prevents Na retention and renal hypertrophy. TNF stimulates Na uptake in distal tubule cells isolated from diabetic rats, providing a possible mechanism for TNF-induced Na retention. We conclude that urinary TNF contributes to early diabetic nephropathy and may serve as a valuable diagnostic marker. Furthermore, inhibition of TNF during diabetes may attenuate early pathological changes in diabetic nephropathy.
Evaluation and management of thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas

Thyrotropin (TSH)-secreting pituitary adenomas are uncommon pituitary neoplasms. They have been increasingly recognized with the advent of ultrasensitive TSH assays and advanced pituitary imaging. Clinically, patients may often present with signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Some patients may present with tumor-related local mass effect, anterior hypopituitarism or syndromes related to co-secretion of other pituitary hormones. Their diagnosis and differential diagnosis from other causes of hyperthyroidism and ‘inappropriate TSH secretion’ often presents a clinical challenge. While trans-sphenoidal pituitary adenomectomy remains the therapeutic modality of choice, medical treatment with somatostatin receptor agonists or dopamine agonists is often needed as adjunctive therapy or perhaps as a potential alternative to surgery. Radiation therapy to the sella may be advised as a third-line therapy.
Etiology and genetics of early-onset mood disorders

Most studies dealing with the familiality and genetics of mood disorders have been limited to adults, but several studies suggest that there is continuity between childhood- and adolescence-onset depression and mania and adult illness. More direct estimates of the heritability of depressive symptoms or episodes in children and adolescents indicate that the genetic contributions may be greater than 50%. A number of functional and structural imaging studies have identified particular circuitry as being involved in the generation of emotion and mood disorders. Imaging studies of twins have suggested that regional brain volume and characteristics of brain shape are heritable. A potentially important new avenue of research will be the correlation of the genetics of brain structure or function with the genetics of mood disorders. Preliminary studies of adolescent and young adult twins suggest a significant correspondence between the genetic contributions to some regional brain volumes and early-onset mood disorders.
Complete nucleotide sequence of the M2 gene segment of reovirus type 3 dearing and analysis of its protein product μ1

Abstract The nucleotide sequence of the M2 gene segment of the mammalian reovirus prototype strain, type 3 Dearing, was determined from a cloned full-length cDNA copy of the viral double-stranded RNA segment. The gene comprises 2203 nucleotides and has a single long open reading frame that spans bases 30 through 2154 and encodes the 708 amino acid outer capsid protein μ1. Aminoterminal sequence analysis of μ1C, the proteolytically cleaved form of μ1 that is found in purified reovirions, has identified the site of μ1 to μ1C cleavage between residues 42 and 43 in the μ1 sequence. Aminoterminal sequence analysis of δ, the proteolytically cleaved product of μ1 C that is found in chymotrypsin-generated intermediate subviral particles, has indicated that the μ1C to δ cleavage occurs near the carboxyterminus of μ1 C. Lastly, stoichiometric determinations using new sequence information have suggested that approximately equimolar amounts of μlC and the other major outer capsid component σ3 are present in virions. The data presented in this study should be useful for understanding the molecular basis of the functions of the μ1 protein in reovirus entry into cells and in pathogenesis in the host animal.
Cooperative Data Management and its Application to Mobile Computing

Mobile computing and workgroup computing are emerging technologies which have so far been treated independently. Current approaches to support cooperative work neglect the special characteristics of mobile environments like limited bandwidth or temporary disconnection. On the other hand, approaches to support disconnected operation rely on the assumption that the degree of data-sharing is low which is obviously not appropriate for cooperative work. In this paper, we utilize the COACT cooperative transaction model to provide support for parallel activities in mobile environments. We present a system architecture that is able to cope with the special characteristics of mobile environments and a formal framework for the consistent information exchange between mobile users. The paper shows how the COACT history merge algorithm reduces conflicts by exploiting operation semantics and offering consistent sequences of operations. We believe that our new approach is a viable solution to the growing demand for cooperation in mobile environments.
Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology.

Using a process model of emotion, a distinction between antecedent-focused and response-focused emotion regulation is proposed. To test this distinction, 120 participants were shown a disgusting film while their experiential, behavioral, and physiological responses were recorded. Participants were told to either (a) think about the film in such a way that they would feel nothing (reappraisal, a form of antecedent-focused emotion regulation), (b) behave in such a way that someone watching them would not know they were feeling anything (suppression, a form of response-focused emotion regulation), or (c) watch the film (a control condition). Compared with the control condition, both reappraisal and suppression were effective in reducing emotion-expressive behavior. However, reappraisal decreased disgust experience, whereas suppression increased sympathetic activation. These results suggest that these 2 emotion regulatory processes may have different adaptive consequences.
He partial sequencing of human nonspecific (bone/liver/kidney) alkaline phosphatase gene

Abstract 1. 1. A charon 4A human fetal liver genomic library was screened for human nonspecific alkaline phosphatase gene using the cloned human bone cDNA as a hybridization probe. 2. 2. A clone 2.2 Kb DNA was sequenced and found to contain a piece of sequences encoding the 4–44th amino acids of NH; terminus. 3. 3. The other cloned 1.6Kb DNA contains two segments of sequences each corresponding to two separate regions of the cDNA for alkaline phosphatase. The first segment of the DNA codes for the 83–141st amino acids whereas the second for 141–199th.
COMPLEX FRAGMENTS FROM EXCITED ACTINIDE NUCLEI: A NEW TEST OF THE FINITE RANGE MODEL

Complex fragments ranging in charge from 7less than or equal toZless than or equal to45 have been detected in binary coincidence following the reaction of 8.4 MeV/u/sup 232/Th+/sup 12/C, and are shown to arise from the binary decay of a /sup 244/Cm compound nucleus. This work confirms earlier radiochemical observations of very light fragments in the fission fragment mass distribution, establishes their binary character, and interprets their yield in terms of finite range potential energy barriers. 15 refs., 3 figs.
A mathematical model for ionization-type smoke detectors and the reduced source approximation

In this paper, the author has characterized an ionization chamber's performance dominated by convective transport, provided exact solutions for different electrode geometries and a broad range of operating parameters, and developed an approximation to describe the performance of a detector in the presence of smoke particles.
Discovery of synergistic permeation enhancers for oral drug delivery

Oral drug delivery offers an attractive method of needle-free drug administration. Unfortunately, oral delivery is often hampered by the poor permeability of drugs across the intestinal epithelium. Although several single chemical permeation enhancers have been shown to alleviate permeability difficulties, this often occurs at the expense of safety. This in vitro study demonstrates the use of binary and ternary combinations of permeation enhancers to create synergistic enhancer formulations (SEFs) that offer a high level of potency while inducing very little toxicity in Caco-2 cells. Although relatively rare in the explored formulation space, SEFs were abundant enough to significantly increase the repertoire of permeation enhancers that are safe and effective in vitro. The most promising enhancers from the binary study led to easily identifiable ternary SEFs, thus increasing the efficiency of the discovery process. Some of the best performers of the study included binary combinations of hexylamine and chembetaine and ternary combinations of sodium laureth sulfate, decyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, and chembetaine, all at a total concentration of 0.1% (w/v). Furthermore, several SEFs were shown to be capable of increasing mannitol and 70 kDa dextran permeability across Caco-2 monolayers 15- and 8-fold, respectively. These results encourage further exploration of several leading formulations for in vivo applications in oral drug delivery.
An Analysis of Sequential Patterns of Instruction in Piano Lessons

The purpose of this study was to investigate verbal behaviors of independent piano teachers in private lessons. Forty-seven lessons from 25 teachers were recorded on audiotape, scripted, and analyz...
Clinical and operative experience with non-caucasian patients with Crohn's disease

Fifteen black patients with Crohn's disease were seen during a ten-year period (1975–1985). They represented 11 percent of our experience with Crohn's disease during that time. These patients had an earlier age of onset of Crohn's symptoms than our white patients, and correct diagnosis was delayed for an average of four years. All 15 patients required abdominal surgery, and seven (47 percent) suffered recurrences necessitating additional abdominal operations. The five-year actuarial estimate of probability of reoperation was 77 percent. Extraintestinal manifestations were present in all patients, and six (40 percent) had multiple manifestations. These disease manifestations are more severe than those noted in series that studied predominantly caucasian Crohn's populations, and suggest that Crohn's disease in the black patient is a distinctly aggressive form.
Quantifying sustained release kinetics from a polymer matrix including burst effects

Abstract The influence of drug distribution on bursting during release from rigid polymer matrices has been quantified using the generalized diffusion–dissolution model for the release kinetics developed in our earlier paper, J. Membr. Sci. 366 (2010) 104–115. It has been demonstrated that both the amount and distribution of amorphous drug and drug particles have a profound influence on the release kinetics. Higher amorphous concentrations in the top layer of the membrane lead to higher release rates and stronger initial bursting, and distributing more drug particles close to or at the membrane surface has the same effect. The presence of a boundary layer region in which the amorphous drug concentration drops to zero within very short time increases the contribution of amorphous drug to the burst effects, and also generates overall release profiles in close agreement with experimental data.
Optimum Product Diversity and the Incentives for Entry in Natural Oligopolies

This paper concerns the classification of biases in the set of produced varieties in a monopolistically competitive equilibrium in the natural oligopoly setting. That is, we analyze the relationship between the set of produced goods in equilibrium when fixed costs are small and the set of produced goods by a social planner when fixed costs equal zero. It is shown that if all of the goods are substitutes, there are never too few varieties, and there may be too many. Conversely, if the goods are all complementary, there are never too many, and there may be too few.
Hybrid system identification: An SDP approach

The problem of identifying discrete time affine hybrid systems with noisy measurements is addressed in this paper. Given a finite number of measurements of input/output and a bound on the measurement noise, the objective is to identify a switching sequence and a set of affine models that are compatible with the a priori information, while minimizing the number of affine models. While this problem has been successfully addressed in the literature if the input/output data is noise-free or corrupted by process noise, results for the case of measurement noise are limited, e.g., a randomized algorithm has been proposed in a previous paper [3]. In this paper, we develop a deterministic approach. Namely, by recasting the identification problem as polynomial optimization, we develop deterministic algorithms, in which the inherent sparse structure is exploited. A finite dimensional semi-definite problem is then given which is equivalent to the identification problem. Moreover, to address computational complexity issues, an equivalent rank minimization problem subject to deterministic LMI constraints is provided, as efficient convex relaxations for rank minimization are available in the literature. Numerical examples are provided, illustrating the effectiveness of the algorithms.
A new class of B/W and color halftoning algorithms

A new class of dithering algorithms for black and white (B/W) and color images is presented. The basic idea behind the technique is to divide the image into small blocks and minimize the distortion between the original continuous tone image and its low-pass filtered halftone. This corresponds to a quadratic programming problem with linear constraints which is solved via the branch and bound algorithm. Examples of B/W and color dither images using the technique are shown and compared to halftones obtained via existing dithering algorithms. >
What the Voice Reveals: Within- and Between-Category Stereotyping on the Basis of Voice

The authors report research that attempts to shift the traditional focus of visual cues to auditory cues as a basis for stereotyping. Moreover, their approach examines whether gender-signaling vocal cues lead not only to between-category but also to within-category gender stereotyping. Study 1 showed that both men and women vary within category in how feminine their voices sound and that perceptions of vocal femininity are highly consensual. Furthermore, the measured acoustic characteristics that differed between gender were also related to perceptions of within-gender femininity. Subsequent studies demonstrated that variability in vocal femininity affects gender stereotyping when the targets are all of the same gender (Study 2) and when the targets are of different genders (Study 3). In the latter case, evidence of both category-based and feature-based stereotyping was found. Mediation analyses showed that the relationship between acoustics and stereotyping was in part due to femininity.