cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fast Estimation of Timing Yield Bounds for Process Variations

With aggressive scaling down of feature sizes in VLSI fabrication, process variation has become a critical issue in designs. We show that two necessary conditions for the ldquomaxrdquo operation are actually not satisfied in the moment matching based statistical timing analysis approaches. We propose two correlation-aware block-based statistical timing analysis approaches that keep these necessary conditions, and show that our approaches always achieve the lower bound and the upper bound on the timing yield. Our approach combining with moment-matching based statistical static timing analysis (SSTA) approaches can efficiently estimate the maximal possible errors of moment-matching-based SSTA approaches.
Effects of Temperature and Diet on the Growth Rate of Year 0 Oyster Toadfish, Opsanus tau

The effects of temperature and diet on the growth of captive year 0 specimens of Opansus tau were examined for two consecutive year classes. The 2001 year class was raised at about 23, 26, or 29 °C and provided with live brine shrimp, frozen butterfish and squid, or commer- cial food pellets (45% protein, 19% fat, and 3% fiber) three times per week. Maximal growth was achieved with the pellet diet, and fish raised at 29 °C attained the highest mean wet weight (84.0 g 14.6 g SE) and fastest instantaneous relative growth rate (IRGR, 1.79% body weight/d). The 2002 year class was raised on the same pellet diet at 31.5 °C and fed 3, 5, or 7 times per week. Although more frequent feedings led to significantly greater mean wet weight in the first half of the year, by month 12 there was no significant difference between the three feeding frequencies. These fish weighed approximately 68 g and had an average IRGR of 1.74% body weight/d. The pellet diet during both years was correlated with high survival ( 75%).
Electrophysiologic Insights Into Site of Atrioventricular Block: Lessons From Permanent His Bundle Pacing

Abstract Objectives This study sought to report the feasibility of permanent His bundle pacing (HBP) in patients with advanced atrioventricular block (AVB) and electrophysiological observations into site of block in patients with infranodal AVB. Background HBP is a physiological alternative to right ventricular pacing. Historic studies have reported a low incidence of intra-His AVB. Recent studies of permanent HBP reported limited success in patients with infranodal AVB. Methods Consecutive patients with advanced AVB underwent permanent HBP using Medtronic 3830 lead (Minneapolis, Minnesota) and a fixed-shaped catheter (C315 His). The HB was mapped using unipolar recording from the lead tip or by pace mapping. Success of HBP, type of AVB, and pacing outcomes were documented. Patients were followed at 2 weeks, 2 months, and then yearly. Results A total of 100 patients with advanced AVB (age 75 ± 12 years; male 62%; AV nodal 46%; infranodal 54%) underwent permanent HBP. HBP was successful in 84 patients (84%; AV nodal 93%, infranodal 76%). Mean procedure time was 71 ± 21 min, mean fluoroscopy time was 11 ± 6 min. Baseline QRS duration was 122 ± 27 ms; paced QRSd was 124 ± 22 ms. The HB pacing threshold at implant, 2 weeks, 2 months, and last follow-up (19 ± 12 months; range: 6 to 46 months) was 1.3 ± 0.9 V, 1.6 ± 1.0 V, 1.6 ± 1.1 V, and 1.7 ± 1.0 V at 0.5 ms, respectively. Five patients required lead revision. Conclusions Permanent HBP was successful in 84% of unselected patients with AVB. His-Purkinje conduction could be normalized in 76% of patients with infranodal block, suggesting intra-His block. Incidence of infra-His AVB was low (24%) in this series. Routine HBP in patients with AVB is feasible and safe for at least up to 18 months.
Academic and Cultural Support for International LL.M. Students: Four Suggestions to Help Students Succeed

Law schools have an obligation to provide academic support to international students in LL.M. programs. Even students who are attorneys with practice experience abroad are likely to be novices in the study of American law. Like their first-year J.D. counterparts, they can benefit from instruction in the basics of the American legal system, assistance with communication in written and spoken English, and frank discussion of the best practices for success in the classroom. This article provides four suggestions for assisting international students studying in US LL.M. programs.
Asia Struggles with Democracy: Evidence from Indonesia, Korea and Thailand

Since 1974, when the current wave of democratisation began, the movement towards democracy in Asia has remained limited. Many countries in Asia, in fact, are not making a decisive move towards democracy, and find themselves struggling with the challenges of democratic consolidation and governance. Focusing on Indonesia, Thailand and Korea, this book analyses why democratisation is so difficult in Asia. The book investigates the dynamics by which citizens embrace democratic rule and reject authoritarianism, and also compares these dynamics with those of consolidating democracies around the world. The book looks at the forces that affect the emergence and stability of democracy, such as elite interactions, economic development and popular attitudes as beliefs and perceptions about the legitimacy of political systems have long been recognised as some of the most critical influences on regime change. The book also discusses what it is about the nature of public opinion and the processes of day-to-day democratic participation that have made these countries vulnerable to repeated crises of legitimacy. Using Indonesia, Korea, and Thailand as case studies, this book highlights the uniqueness of the Asia’s path to democracy, and shows both the challenges and opportunities in getting there. The book will be of interest to students and scholars of Asian Politics, Comparative Politics and International Studies.
Results of Operative Intervention for Finger Stiffness After Fractures of the Hand.

Background: Posttraumatic finger stiffness can occur as a result of hand fractures. The purpose was to assess and quantify the improvement in range of motion (ROM) after surgical management of the stiff finger in patients who developed loss of motion following treatment for a metacarpal or phalangeal fracture. In addition, an aim was to identify possible risk factors for suboptimal improvement in ROM postoperatively. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on 18 patients who underwent surgery to improve finger stiffness following metacarpal or phalangeal fracture. Demographic data including age, initial diagnosis and treatment, health history, and worker’s compensation status were collected. We determined the number of specific procedures performed at the time of surgery, the number of days between surgical release and initiation of therapy, and the total active motion (TAM) prior to surgical release and at the patient’s last follow-up. Results: Mean TAM improved from 150° preoperatively (range 60°-...
ULTRASTRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF THE CONIDIUM CELL WALL OF SPHAEROPSIS SAPINEA

Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko and Sutton [=Diplodia pinea (Desm.) Kickx.] is a pathogen of conifers causing damage to forest, ornamental and nursery trees throughout the world (Gibson, 1979; Palmer and Nicholls, 1985; Peterson, 1977). Recently isolates of S. sapinea from the north central United States were assigned to two categories on the basis of cultural characteristics, isozyme patterns and virulence tests (Palmer, 1985). Type A isolates have fluffy white to grey-
P4-09-09: Expression of c-MET and Phospho c-MET in Breast Cancers by Subtype and Its Impact on Survival Outcomes.

Background cMET is a tyrosine-kinase membrane receptor and its dysregulation is involved in tumor proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and migration. High levels of cMET have been observed in various tumor types and correlate with adverse outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate levels of total cMET and phospho-cMET (p-cMET) in breast cancer and their impact on survival outcomes. Materials and Methods : We measured quantitative expression of cMET and p-cMET in a cohort of 257 breast cancer primary tumor samples using reverse phase protein array. The level of cMET/p-cMET in each sample was expressed as a log-mean centered value after correction for protein loading with the use of the average expression levels of > 50 proteins. The regression tree method and Martingale residual plots were applied to find the best cutoff point for high and low levels of each protein. Linear regression models were used to determine if mean expression was different among breast cancer subtypes. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) by cMET and p-cMET levels. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to determine the association of cMET and p-cMET levels with the risk of recurrence and death after adjustment for other patient and disease characteristics. Results : Median age was 51, (range 23–85) years. There were 140 (54.5%) hormone receptor (ER/PR)-positive, 53 (20.6%) HER2−positive, and 64 (24.9%) triple-negative tumors. Using the selected cutoffs, a total of 181 (70.4%) and 123 (47.9%) patients had high expression of cMET and p-cMET, respectively. There were no significant differences in the mean expression of cMET (P Conclusion : In this cohort of patients, high expression of cMET and p-cMET was seen in all subtypes of breast cancer. High levels of cMET and p-cMET had a significant impact on breast cancers survival outcomes. cMET inhibition may a be promising novel target for therapy in breast cancer and deserves investigation. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-09-09.
Infection and Alcoholic Liver Disease

Acute and chronic alcohol use leads to an impaired immune response and dysregulated inflammatory state that contributes to a markedly increased risk of infection. Via shared mechanisms of immune-mediated injury, alcohol can alter the clinical course of viral infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus. These effects are most evident in patients with alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. This article provides an overview of alcohol's effect on the immune system and contribution to the risks and outcomes of specific infectious diseases.
Transient Current Analysis Method of DFIG Voltage Dip Based on Crowbar Protection

A doubly fed induction generator(DFIG) may be switched off by its over current protection when a short circuit fault happens in the grid connected with it. Therefor, it is very important to analyze the influence of the short current on the low voltage ride-through(LVRT) of the DFIG quantitatively. The three phase symmetrical short-current linkage characteristics of DFIG have been analyzed. The transient current calculation method with voltage dip range has been given. Then the function of crowbar circuit for LVRT of a DFIG is taken into consideration, and a practical calculation method of transient current of the DFIG for three phase voltage dipping has been given. The comparation between calculation results and the test data taken from wind field prove the feasibility of transient response calculation method.
The Statistical Analysis of Disease Spectrum Sortation of Lanzhou in 2011

OBJECTIVE To analyze the distributional characteristics and variation trend of various diseases,and to provide the basis for disease control and intervention.METHODS Statistic all the cases according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and RESULTS Health problems 10th revision(ICD-10).RESULTS Occurrence of outpatient diseases in the order of higher prevalence was:Upper respiratory tract infection(6.43%),bronchitis(4.56%),vaginitis(2.70%),hypertension(2.67%),cholecystitis(2.34%),diabetes(2.21%),gastritis(1.99%),gallstones(1.92%),tuberculosis(2.11%),and gastroenteritis(1.27%).occurrence of inpatient diseases in the order of higher prevalence was:gallstones(10.95%),cholecystitis(4.43%),bronchitis(4.10%),pneumonia(3.60%),tuberculosis(3.46%),diabetes(3.10%),hypertension(2.77%),cirrhosis of the liver(2.52%),upper respiratory tract infection(2.23%),neonatal jaundice(1.64%),and Coronary heart disease(1.70%).CONCLUSION Frequently-occurring disease,common diseases has become a major factor influencing population health in Lanzhou,and it make sense to carry out the investigation of these diseases and develop effective intervention measures to improve the public awareness of self-care.
Third ventricular hemangioblastoma: MR appearance.

Supratentorial hemangioblastomas of the third ventricle are particularly rare lesions. Of the three previously reported cases [1-3], one was associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome [1]. We present a fourth case and include the first published description of the MR appearance of third ventricular hemangioblastoma
Planetary Time Scale

Abstract Chapter 2 on the Planetary Time Scales of a Concise Geologic TimeScale 2016 focuses on the Moon and Mars, with brief highlights of Venus and Mercury. Graphics show the comparison between the timescales for Earth and these bodies, and examples of geologic mapping of the surfaces of the Moon and Mars. This chapter is guest-authored by Ken Tanaka (USGS) and William Hartmann (Planetary Science Institute).
A Voice Crying in the Wilderness

Boulding found freedom in his new role as emeritus professor starting in the middle of 1980. The final 13 years of his life were productive and he felt at home in Colorado (more so than any other place he had lived in the United States). He believed the 1980s was perhaps the most productive decade of his life (Boulding, 1992b, p. ix). This decade, however, was about more than simply increased production of output. The quality and depth of his work during this time may have been some of his best. Part of this late creative fervor was likely the result of being 70 years old and free from the confines of both university life and professional obligations. Having already served as president of the American Economic Association and only lacking a Nobel Prize for accomplishments in economics, Boulding was freer than at any other time to let his thoughts flow. Arguably, this freedom had been building since his time at the University of Michigan when he became a rogue economist writing on topics and in a style that were too broad for the mainstream to accept (or much acknowledge). But the tone of his books and articles during his last years were more forward-thinking than his earlier work. Whereas his textbook Economic Analysis (1941a) and other books such as Ecodynamics (1978a) and Conflict and Defense (1962) were compilations of his articles and espoused theories and models about how the world functioned at those times, these later works were more about the future: issues of human betterment, power, and moderation.
Minute-Made Data Analysis: Tools for Rapid Interrogation of Hi-C Contacts

Juicer and Juicebox, described by Durand et al. (2016a, 2016b), are two new tools for fast and reliable processing of Hi-C data, providing approaches for read processing, multiple normalization schemes, feature annotation, and dynamic browsing of chromatin contacts, thus reducing arduous Hi-C analysis into an easy yet flexible pipeline.
Abstract P97: Operational Redesign of an Outpatient Anticoagulation Management Program- The Vanderbilt Experience

The 2008 Joint Commission National Patient Safety Goals required healthcare organizations to adopt practices to reduce the likelihood of harm associated with use of anticoagulation therapy. Assessment of our anticoagulation programs in 2008 demonstrated gaps that did not meet these new requirements. Patients were enrolled in two large anticoagulation clinics (separately managed by pharmacy and cardiology) with smaller programs linked to their clinical service lines. Identified gaps included: separate programs that were not standardized and had no integrated governance/oversight, inadequate budget and staffing models to meet growing demand, lack of unified practice policy and anticoagulation information systems, and lack of standardized quality measures and reporting. Vanderbilt leadership commissioned an Anticoagulation Executive Steering Committee to perform an operational redesign of the anticoagulation programs to meet National Patient Safety Goals. The committee appointed working groups to: evaluate and redesign clinical operations and finance, perform a technology assessment to develop standard anticoagulation information systems, and develop standardized reporting of quality metrics. The key redesign features were: 1) merging of the existing anticoagulation clinics into a single unified program; 2) dedicated institutional budget for ambulatory anticoagulation services with costs shared across the clinical enterprise; 3) implementation of standard policies and protocols for anticoagulation management and education; 4) creation of dedicated oral anticoagulation management software (AMS) fully integrated into the electronic health record; 5) creation of medical director and program manager positions for operational oversight of the unified program, and an Anticoagulation Oversight Committee for clinical practice supervision; 6) development of a bundle of quality metrics and operational/clinical data reports derived from the AMS. Our redesign experience provides a blueprint for other organizations that provide anticoagulation management to meet National Patient Safety Goals.
POPULATION GENETICS OF COASTAL AND ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES: DOES LARVAL BEHAVIOR INFLUENCE POPULATION STRUCTURE?

Abstract Numerous investigations of the genetic structure of natural populations of marine and estuarine invertebrates suggest that there is generally an inverse correlation between the length of pelagic larval life and the extent to which geographically separated conspecific populations have diverged. There are, however, exceptions to this observation which may be attributed to at least two factors: (1) Natural selection can act to promote divergence of populations even when there is extensive gene flow, and (2) species which appear to have high capacity for dispersal may not always experience high levels of gene flow. In this paper, we point out that even among species with long-lived pelagic larvae there is considerable variation in population structure. Based on limited data, it appears that species that release eggs or weak-swimming larvae into the water column tend to show little population differentiation over broad geographic ranges; in contrast, there is suggestive evidence that species which liberate strong-swimming larvae (e.g., crustaceans) show significant population differentiation. We propose that the behavioral capacities of strong-swimming larvae allow them to exert some control over their dispersal (for example, via depth-regulatory behavior), and that this control limits the passive dispersal which is manifested in species that liberate eggs. Hence, we hypothesize that larval behavior influences population structure in some species of coastal and estuarine invertebrates.
Honing the Emerging Right to Stop Eating and Drinking

Some medical patients facing fatal or serious degenerative conditions seek to hasten their demise by voluntarily stopping eating and drinking (VSED). This short piece explains why and when there is a "right" to follow that fatal course despite lurking overtones of suicide. The piece also compares the status of stricken medical patients with that of otherwise healthy people who undertake a terminal fasting process.
Determination of moisture effects on impact properties of composite materials

Many applications of structural materials involving composites include impact or dynamic loading in a humid environment. Composite materials are known to degrade when subjected to humid conditions, and therefore the humidity confounds the difficulty of determining the high strain rate behavior of composites. Several researchers have found that water absorption by composites causes degradation of matrix dominated quasi-static properties. However, very little is known of the effect of absorbed moisture on the high strain rate properties of polymer matrix composites, that are useful in the automotive, aerospace, and naval applications of composite structures. A Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar facility is used herein to study the effect of absorbed moisture in high strain rate tests (200–1200/s) of a unidirectional IM7/8551-7 graphite/epoxy composite. The study includes dry, medium, and saturated moisture conditions. The tests show significant variation of high strain rate properties from static properties, and the reasons are identified. In addition, a better understanding of the effect of the matrix and fiber/matrix interface on the high strain rate properties of composites is achieved.
A theoretical approach to strain-mediated nanomagnet reversal through spin-transfer torque

Recent experiments have shown the possibility of altering nanomagnet anisotropies by introducing a mechanical strain at the interface between the magnetic body and a piezoelectric material [1].
Production of Monoclonal Antibodies to Pathologic β-sheet Oligomeric Conformers in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

We describe a novel approach to produce conformational monoclonal antibodies selected to specifically react with the β-sheet secondary structure of pathological oligomeric conformers, characteristic of many neurodegenerative diseases. Contrary to past and current efforts, we utilize a mammalian non-self-antigen as an immunogen. The small, non-self peptide selected was covalently polymerized with glutaraldehyde until it reached a high β-sheet secondary structure content, and species between 10–100kDa that are immunogenic, stable and soluble (p13Bri). Inoculation of p13Bri in mice elicited antibodies to the peptide and the β-sheet secondary structure conformation. Hybridomas were produced and clones selected for their reactivity with at least two different oligomeric conformers from Alzheimer’s, Parkinson and/or Prion diseases. The resulting conformational monoclonals are able to detect pathological oligomeric forms in different human neurodegenerative diseases by ELISA, immunohistochemistry and immunoblots. This technological approach may be useful to develop tools for detection, monitoring and treatment of multiple misfolding disorders.
A Road Map for Challenging Voter Restriction Laws after Crawford

The Supreme Court in Crawford v. Marion County Election Board rejected a facial challenge under the Equal Protection Clause to Indiana’s voter-ID law. But despite upholding the law, the Crawford opinions together set out a clear roadmap for challenging any “evenhanded restrictions” on the right to vote. This short piece examines that roadmap.I start by giving a bit of background on the Indiana law and describing the law’s operation. Next I mine two key opinions in Crawford for clues to a successful challenge of voter-ID laws. Finally, I argue that Crawford gives us three imperatives for successful challenges, and I offer some thoughts on each.
The Myth of Temporal Passage

The notion that time is dynamic, that it flows or passes, is a common and ancient motif in the history of Western philosophy, at least as old as Heraclitus.1 The hymnist Isaac Watts poetically expressed this notion in the lines: Time, like an ever rolling stream Bears all its sons away; They fly, forgotten, as a dream Dies at the op’ning day.2
The Effect of Shareholder Rights and Insider Ownership on Earnings Management

This paper examines whether shareholder rights, which enable shareholders to replace managers, can constrain earnings management and whether this effect is conditional on the level of insider ownership. Using the comprehensive shareholder rights measure constructed by Gompers, Ishii, and Metrick (2003), we find that firms with stronger shareholder rights are associated with less income-increasing discretionary accruals, suggesting that stronger shareholder rights deter managers from reporting aggressive earnings. More importantly, we investigate whether this association is conditional on the level of insider ownership. If insider ownership introduces managerial entrenchment, managers with higher ownership would be insulated from shareholder discipline. Consistent with this entrenchment theory, we find that the association between shareholder rights and earnings management becomes insignificant in the presence of higher levels of insider ownership. Shareholder rights are negatively associated with earnings management only when insider ownership is low. Our results indicate that the disciplinary effect of shareholder rights can be attenuated by high levels of insider ownership.
Cooperative Learning and Computer-Supported Intentional Learning Experiences

Publisher Summary This chapter describes how various uses of technology are associated with cognitive and social psychology as applied to peer learning in technologically enriched behavior settings. This explanation provides historical and theoretical foundations for peer learning in the classroom as well as the workplace. It presents discipline of psychology, specifically, social and cognitive psychology, which has originated various cooperative learning strategies that are based on a strong theoretical foundation. These applications are designed to improve human relations, as well as more efficient knowledge acquisition and problem solving among communities of diverse learners. The role of new computer-supported technologies is also discussed as a medium through which collaboration among peer learning groups is facilitated. Earlier interest in computer support for collaborative learning has led to several technological innovations. Cooperative learning and computer supported intentional learning environments have strong roots in the cognitive field psychology of Kurt Lewin.
Increased susceptibility to constant light in nr and pcd mice with inherited retinal degenerations.

PURPOSE. To determine whether the degenerating photoreceptors in nervous (nr/nr) and Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd/pcd) mutant mice are more susceptible to the damaging effects of constant light than those in age-matched normal mice. METHODS. Beginning at two ages for each mutant, albino nr/nr and pcd/pcd mice were placed into constant fluorescent light at an illuminance of 115 foot-candles to 130 foot-candles for a period of 1 week. Age-matched (usually littermate) normal (+/-) mice were exposed at the same time. The degree of photoreceptor cell loss was quantified histologically by obtaining a mean outer nuclear layer thickness for each animal. The light-exposed mice were compared with age-matched mutant and normal mice that were maintained in cyclic light. RESULTS. The homozygous mutants at each age showed a significantly greater loss of photoreceptor cells caused by constant light exposure than did the normal +/- mice in the same period of light exposure. The nr/nr and pcd/pcd mutants lost two to three times the number of photoreceptor cells than did the +/- mice during the constant light exposure. CONCLUSIONS. It has long been thought that excessive light may be harmful to patients with inherited or age-related photoreceptor degenerations. The present data add to other experimental evidence suggesting that photoreceptors already undergoing inherited or other forms of degeneration may be particularly susceptible to the damaging effects of excessive light.
Fieldlog: GIS software as a mapping aid for structural geologists

We here describe the operation of Fieldlog, a Geographical Information System suited to the needs of structural geologists. This application will be of interest to PC users who wish to automate the management of field data and the generation of structural maps.
Fractal Models of Porous Media

As pointed out in the foreword to the first edition of this book, it is the distribution of the fluids within a medium rather than the medium itself that directly controls the properties of flow, conduction, dispersion, and fluid retention. Of course the distribution of the fluids within the medium is influenced importantly by the structural properties of the medium itself. Insofar as they can be assumed to reflect the characteristics of the pore space, one can develop medium models which generate observed pressure-saturation curves. Most of these models have fractal characteristics. The present chapter reviews a number of fractal models that generate similar to identical pressure-saturation curves though with different interpretations.
“They Brought Me in Like I Was Their Own Kid”: Youth and Caregiver Perceptions of Out-of-Home Care

The child welfare system usually becomes involved with families when there are child safety concerns as a result of child abuse or neglect, serious parent–child conflict, physical or behavioral health conditions, or family violence. As part of their practice, child welfare workers must make every reasonable effort to safely maintain children within their families, including providing supports and services. However, for some families these preservation services are insufficient and when this is the case, children are placed in out-of-home care.
Optimal treatment allocations in space and time for on-line control of an emerging infectious disease.

Author(s): Laber, Eric B.; Meyer, Nick J.; Reich, Brian J.; Pacifici, Krishna; Collazo, Jaime A.; Drake, John M. | Abstract: A key component in controlling the spread of an epidemic is deciding where, whenand to whom to apply an intervention.We develop a framework for using data to informthese decisionsin realtime.We formalize a treatment allocation strategy as a sequence of functions, oneper treatment period, that map up-to-date information on the spread of an infectious diseaseto a subset of locations where treatment should be allocated. An optimal allocation strategyoptimizes some cumulative outcome, e.g. the number of uninfected locations, the geographicfootprint of the disease or the cost of the epidemic. Estimation of an optimal allocation strategyfor an emerging infectious disease is challenging because spatial proximity induces interferencebetween locations, the number of possible allocations is exponential in the number oflocations, and because disease dynamics and intervention effectiveness are unknown at outbreak.We derive a Bayesian on-line estimator of the optimal allocation strategy that combinessimulation–optimization with Thompson sampling.The estimator proposed performs favourablyin simulation experiments. This work is motivated by and illustrated using data on the spread ofwhite nose syndrome, which is a highly fatal infectious disease devastating bat populations inNorth America.
Individual differences in emotion dysregulation and trajectory of withdrawal symptoms during a quit attempt among treatment-seeking smokers.

Abstract Objective Cigarette smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death in the United States, and withdrawal symptoms are central to the maintenance of tobacco use. Previous research suggests that individual differences in the propensity to experience negative affect may be related to more severe withdrawal symptoms. However, little research has examined how individual differences in the ability to regulate affect (emotion dysregulation) may impact withdrawal symptoms over time. Method Therefore, the current study examined the effects of emotion dysregulation on change in tobacco withdrawal symptoms over 12 weeks following a cigarette quit attempt among 188 (Mage = 38.52, SD = 14.00, 46.8% male) treatment seeking smokers. Results Results from the study indicated greater emotion dysregulation was associated with greater quit day withdrawal symptoms as well as with as slower decline in withdrawal symptoms over the 12-week period (B = −0.001, SE = 0.001, p = .046). Conclusion The current study offers novel evidence into the role of emotion dysregulation in relation to withdrawal symptoms during a quit attempt. Assessing and reducing heightened emotion dysregulation prior to a quit attempt may be a potentially important therapeutic tactic for helping smokers achieve greater success in managing tobacco withdrawal. Public health significance statement This study emphasizes the ways in which emotional dysregulation may affect tobacco withdrawal symptoms. This study can be utilized to further target smoking cessation programs for those attempting to quit smoking.
PCNA accelerates the nucleotide incorporation rate by DNA polymerase δ.

DNA polymerase delta (Pol δ) is responsible for the elongation and maturation of Okazaki fragments in eukaryotic cells. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) recruits Pol δ to the DNA and serves as a processivity factor. Here, we show that PCNA also stimulates the catalytic rate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pol δ by >10-fold. We determined template/primer DNA binding affinities and stoichiometries by Pol δ in the absence of PCNA, using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, fluorescence intensity changes and fluorescence anisotropy binding titrations. We provide evidence that Pol δ forms higher ordered complexes upon binding to DNA. The Pol δ catalytic rates in the absence and presence of PCNA were determined at millisecond time resolution using quench flow kinetic measurements. The observed rate for single nucleotide incorporation by a preformed DNA-Pol δ complex in the absence of PCNA was 40 s-1. PCNA enhanced the nucleotide incorporation rate by >10 fold. Compared to wild-type, a growth-defective yeast PCNA mutant (DD41,42AA) showed substantially less stimulation of the Pol δ nucleotide incorporation rate, identifying the face of PCNA that is important for the acceleration of catalysis.
Guided Interface Waves

Many of tomorrow’s technologies are dependent upon the emergence of new advanced materials with superior stiffness and strength but reduced density. Metal matrix composites (MMC’s) consisting of light metal matrices (e. g., aluminum, titanium or magnesium) reinforced with very stiff ceramic fibers or particles (e. g. SiC, AI2O3 or graphite) show considerable promise for satisfying this need. However, the satisfactory performance of these materials has been found to be critically dependent upon the attainment of optimal properties at the metal-ceramic interface; a problem that is compounded by the possibility of chemical reactions between the reactive metal matrix and ceramic reinforcement. Of particular import are the interface adhesion and local elastic properties. Unfortunately no methods exist for the measurement of these quantities even for macroscopic interfaces let alone for the microscopic interfaces occurring within MMC’s.
Valence parton distribution function of pion from fine lattice

We present a lattice QCD study of the valence parton distribution inside the pion within the framework of Large Momentum Effective Theory. We use a mixed action approach with 1-HYP smeared valence Wilson clover quarks on $2+1$ flavor HISQ sea with the valence quark mass tuned to 300 MeV pion mass. We use $4{8}^{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}64$ lattice at a fine lattice spacing $a=0.06\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}$ for this computation. We renormalize the quasi parton distribution function matrix element in the nonperturbative regularization independent momentum subtraction (RI-MOM) scheme. As a byproduct, we test the validity of a 1-loop matching procedure by comparing the RI-MOM renormalized quasi parton distribution function matrix element with off-shell quark external states as computed in the continuum 1-loop perturbation theory with the lattice results at $a=0.04$ and 0.06 fm. By applying the RI-MOM to $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ one-loop matching, implemented through a fit to phenomenologically motivated parton distribution functions, we obtain the valence parton distribution function of pion.
Anti-AIDS agents 68. The first total synthesis of a unique potent anti-HIV chalcone from genus Desmos

The first total synthesis of a unique highly functionalized and potent anti-HIV chalcone 1, isolated from genus Desmos, was achieved from commercially available 2,4,6-trihydroxytoluene (3) or 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde (2) in five (from 3) or six steps (from 2).
Leadership Ethics, Dimensions and Development Within the Public Affairs Triumvirate

This chapter presents the latter stage of the “science to service to philosophy” perspective by outlining the ethical philosophy, and theory of leadership and motivation of a combined public and higher education leadership strategy in the Public Affairs Triumvirate. The ethical leadership theories of utilitarianism, consequentialism, and deontology, along with selected leadership dimensions in the public affairs forces of community, organization, and administration, provide a philosophical and ethical composition of leadership in the Public Affairs Triumvirate. This copious composition, along with strategic planning, is a prelude to leadership development and Valencia College’s Public Safety Leadership Development Certification Program which institutes transformative and innovative leadership to strengthen communities.
Thermodynamics of rotating quantum matter in the virial expansion

We characterize the high-temperature thermodynamics of rotating bosons and fermions in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) isotropic harmonic trapping potentials. We begin by calculating analytically the conventional virial coefficients ${b}_{n}$ for all $n$ in the noninteracting case, as functions of the trapping and rotational frequencies. We also report on the virial coefficients for the angular momentum and associated moment of inertia. Using the ${b}_{n}$ coefficients, we analyze the deconfined limit (in which the angular frequency matches the trapping frequency) and derive explicitly the limiting form of the partition function, showing from the thermodynamic standpoint how both the 2D and 3D cases become effectively homogeneous 2D systems. To tackle the virial coefficients in the presence of weak interactions, we implement a coarse temporal lattice approximation and obtain virial coefficients up to third order.
Chapter 6 – Obtaining Phases

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the common methods of obtaining phases. Phase is the only additional information the crystallographer needs in order to obtain an image of the unit cell contents. The chapter emphasizes the fact that each reflection has its own phase, so the phase problems must be solved for every one of the thousands of reflections used to construct the Fourier sum. It aims to illuminate both the phase problem and its solution and represents the structure factors as vectors on a two-dimensional plane of complex numbers. This allows one to show geometrically how to compute phases. The discussion begins by introducing complex numbers and their representation as points having coordinates (a,b) on the complex plane. Lastly, the vector representation of structure factors is used to explain a few common methods of obtaining phases. The other topics covered in the chapter include isomorphous replacement, anomalous scattering, and iterative improvement of phases.
Effect of pulse phase duration on forward masking and spread of excitation in cochlear implant listeners

Previous cochlear implant (CI) research has shown that at a pulse train with a long pulse phase duration (PPD) requires less current but greater charge to obtain the same loudness as a pulse train with a short PPD. This might result in different excitation patterns between long and short PPDs. At equal loudness, long PPDs might produce greater masking due to greater charge. However, because they require less current, long PPDs may produce a smaller spatial spread of excitation (SOE) compared to short PPDs by evoking a greater neural firing probability within the relatively small current field. To investigate the effects of PPD on excitation patterns, overall masking and SOE were compared for equally loud stimuli with short or long PPD in 10 adult CI ears. Forward masking patterns were measured at relatively soft, medium, and loud presentation levels. Threshold shifts were calculated in terms of percent dynamic range (DR) of the probe. The area under the curve (AUC) of the masking functions was significantly larger for the long PPD than for the short PPD masker. The difference in AUC was proportional to the difference in charge between the short and long PPD maskers. To estimate SOE, the masking patterns were first normalized to the peak masking, and then AUC was calculated. SOE was significantly larger for the short PPD than for the long PPD masker. Thus, at equal loudness, long PPDs produced greater overall masking (possibly due to greater charge) but less SOE (possibly due to less current spread) than did short PPDs. The effect of the interaction between masking and SOE by long PPD stimulation remains to be tested.
The perceived threat of demographic shifts depends on how you think the economy works

Research shows that people exhibit a conservative shift in their politics when their majority group status is threatened. We reasoned that perceptions of threat posed by shifting demographics might...
Prospects for Detection of Intracluster Gas Bulk Velocities through the Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect

Intracluster gas velocity gradients have been recently detected by the authors in the Centaurus Cluster (A3526) using the Doppler shift of X-ray spectral lines with ASCA Solid-State Imaging Spectrometers. The velocity gradient was found to be maximum along a line roughly perpendicular to the direction of the incoming subgroup Cen 45 and has a correspondent velocity difference of ~(3.4 ± 1.1) × 103 km s-1 within a ~10' diameter region centered on the cD galaxy NGC 4696. Such bulk velocities should Comptonize the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) producing variations of intensity and temperature that can be detectable in the near future with bolometers such as BOLOCAM. In this paper we realistically estimate the expected CMBR Comptonization for the central region of A3526, using ASCA and ROSAT data to constrain the Sunyaev-Zeldovich parameter expectations.
Brachial Flow-Mediated Dilation and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study.

Background Endothelial dysfunction is associated with common risk factors for AF and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) through a variety of mechanisms. We determined the prospective association of brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) with incident AF among older adults. Methods We included 2027 Cardiovascular Health Study participants (mean age=78.3 years, male=39%, Black=17%) who underwent brachial FMD measurement at the 1997 to 1998 clinic visit. Incident AF was ascertained by study electrocardiograms, hospital discharge diagnosis coding and Medicare claims data. Cox regression models were used to examine the association between FMD and incident AF. Results We identified 754 incident of AF cases (37%) over a median follow-up of 11.0 years. After adjusting for age, sex, race, height, weight, cardiovascular disease, cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes, kidney function, c-reactive protein, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and statins, the risk of AF did not differ according to brachial FMD response (4th vs 1st quartile hazard ratio (HR)=1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81, 1.26; per FMD unit increment HR=1.01, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.05). Conclusion We found no relationship between brachial FMD and the risk of developing AF in this elderly cohort. Our findings suggest that the utility of brachial FMD as a risk marker for AF in older individuals is minimal.
Schwann cell precursors: Where they come from and where they go.

Abstract Schwann cell precursors (SCPs) are a transient population in the embryo, closely associated with nerves along which they migrate into the periphery of the body. Long considered to be progenitors that only form Schwann cells—the myelinating cells of nerves, current evidence suggests that SCPs have much broader developmental potential. Indeed, different cell marking techniques employed over the past 20 years have identified multiple novel SCP derivatives throughout the body. It is now clear that SCPs represent a multipotent progenitor population, which also display a level of plasticity in response to injury. Moreover, they originate from multiple origins in the embryo and may reflect several distinct subpopulations in terms of molecular identity and fate. Here we review SCP origins, derivatives and plasticity in development, growth and repair.
Schooling Congress: The Current Landscape of the Tax Treatment of Higher Education Expenses and a Framework for Reform

Education may be a cornerstone of our society, but the tax treatment of higher education expenses does not appear to have resulted from an intellectual exercise that would make our nation’s educators’ proud. The Internal Revenue Code provides two separate, but equally unsatisfying, routes that allow taxpayers to offset their income with the costs of higher education. Where an individual can reduce her tax liability while receiving an education, the effect is to reduce significantly the cost of that education.First, where amounts spent on education qualify as an “ordinary and necessary business expense,” a taxpayer will be entitled to deduct such expenses in computing her taxable income. However, the Service’s current interpretation of this deduction is more restrictive with respect to education expenses than with respect to other expenditures. The second, and more limited, route to obtaining a tax subsidy arises from certain tax incentives enacted for higher education expenses. These incentives include exclusions from gross income for certain amounts used to pay for higher education expenses, as well as a number of deductions or credits for taxpayers who make such expenditures. While providing incentives for higher education is a worthy goal, the tax incentive provisions consist of a hodgepodge of confusing statutes that fail to meet their stated objectives.The correlation between education and compensation – i.e., the more education one has, the more one earns – should be properly reflected in the tax code. More specifically, the Code should be revised to provide similar tax treatment for education expenses as is afforded other business expenses.This Article will discuss the tax treatment of higher educational expenses. Part II traces the history of Section 162 with respect to education expenses leading to the Service’s current interpretation, and provides criticism of the current law in this area. Part III discusses the myriad of tax incentive provisions set forth in the Code, and it briefly discusses some of the concerns associated with those provisions. Part IV provides a framework for revising the Code in connection with higher education expenses, providing guidelines for when such expenses should be currently deductible and when capitalization and amortization should be required. Part V concludes the Article.This Article does not attempt to address generally whether the government should subsidize such education. The Code has, for years, provided tax incentives for higher education. Nor is it an attempt to end the debate on whether incentives for higher education should be provided through the tax code. Rather, this Article attempts to discuss the current and historical tax treatment of higher education expenses and to provide a system that more properly matches a taxpayer’s income with the associated educational expenses.