cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification and Functional Impact of Homo-oligomers of the Human Proton-coupled Folate Transporter

The proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT; SLC46A1) is a proton-folate symporter that is abundantly expressed in solid tumors and normal tissues, such as duodenum. The acidic pH optimum for PCFT is relevant to intestinal absorption of folates and could afford a means of selectively targeting tumors with novel cytotoxic antifolates. PCFT is a member of the major facilitator superfamily of transporters. Because major facilitator superfamily members exist as homo-oligomers, we tested this for PCFT because such structures could be significant to PCFT mechanism and regulation. By transiently expressing PCFT in reduced folate carrier- and PCFT-null HeLa (R1-11) cells and chemical cross-linking with 1,1-methanediyl bismethanethiosulfonate and Western blotting, PCFT species with molecular masses approximating those of the PCFT dimer and higher order oligomers were detected. Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis identified PCFT dimer, trimer, and tetramer forms. PCFT monomers with hemagglutinin and His10 epitope tags were co-expressed in R1-11 cells, solubilized, and bound to nickel affinity columns, establishing their physical associations. Co-expressing YPet and ECFP*-tagged PCFT monomers enabled transport and fluorescence resonance energy transfer in plasma membranes of R1-11 cells. Combined wild-type (WT) and inactive mutant P425R PCFTs were targeted to the cell surface by surface biotinylation/Western blots and confocal microscopy and functionally exhibited a “dominant-positive” phenotype, implying positive cooperativity between PCFT monomers and functional rescue of mutant by WT PCFT. Our results demonstrate the existence of PCFT homo-oligomers and imply their functional and regulatory impact. Better understanding of these higher order PCFT structures may lead to therapeutic applications related to folate uptake in hereditary folate malabsorption, and delivery of PCFT-targeted chemotherapy drugs for cancer.
Production of Hybrid Tilapia in Indoor Aquaria

(1980). Production of Hybrid Tilapia in Indoor Aquaria. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 233-234.
Latitudinal variability of large-scale coronal temperature and its association with the density and the global magnetic field

In this paper we utilize the latitude distribution of the coronal temperature during the period 1984-1992 that was derived in a paper by Guhathakurta et al., 1993, utilizing ground-based intensity observations of the green (5303A Fe XIV) and red (6374A Fe X) coronal forbidden lines from the National Solar Observatory at Sacramento Peak, and estabish its association with the global magnetic field and the density distributions in the corona. A determination of plasma temperature, T, was estimated from the intensity ratio Fe X/Fe XIV (where T is inversely proportional to the ratio), since both emission lines come from ionized states of Fe, and the ratio is only weakly dependent on density. We observe that there is a large-scale organization of the inferred coronal temperature distribution that is associated with the large-scale, weak magnetic field structures and bright coronal features; this organization tends to persist through most of the magnetic activity cycle. These high-temperature structures exhibit time-space characteristics which are similar to those of the polar crown filaments. This distribution differs in spatial and temporal characterization from the traditional picture of sunspot and active region evolution over the range of the sunspot cycle, which are manifestations of the small-scale, strong magnetic field regions.
META/LISP: an interactive translator writing system

META/LISP is a general purpose translator writing system for IBM System/360 currently running on TSS, CP/CMS, and OS/360. The input to the system is a source program which simultaneously describes 1) the syntax of some input data to be translated and 2) algorithms which operate on the input data and a pushdown stack to accomplish a desired translation; the output of the system is a compiled program for translating that input data. In particular when the input data are statements of a higher-level language to be translated into assembly language, META/LISP serves as a compiler-compiler. META/LISP uses the top-down syntax-directed approach which makes the system extremely attractive for the design and implementation of experimental languages; using META/LISP such compilers are easy to write, easy to check out, and - most importantly - easy to modify interactively. The appendices which follow a rather complete description of the system include a self-description of the META/LISP compiler.
Advocacy strategies for health communication

Abstract This article presents a new way of using advocacy communication strategies for health communication. The traditional perspective on advocacy, promoted in mainstream public relations and marketing circles, is being replaced by a more interactive and integrated view on the role of advocacy communication. Newer theoretical and applied contributions to the health communication field support the need to explore (a) a broader understanding of the role of communication to promote and sustain health behavior; (b) a broader social scientific approach to public health as a social construct and the social determinants of health with stronger emphasis on health policies and management such as governance, accountability and leadership; and (c) policy perspectives that deal with resource allocation, human resources and capacity building, enabling environments for health communication, and recognition of the value and contribution of health communication to public health. Advocacy combines social networking and mobilization, interpersonal communication and negotiation, as well as the use of media for generating public pressure. The authors suggest that the power of supportive evidence as generated by professionals and academics must be effectively utilized through all these means in presenting a powerful case for sustainable social change.
Modeling of venturi scrubber efficiency

Abstract The parameters affecting venturi scrubber performance have been rationally examined and modifications to the current modeling theory have been developed. The modified model has been validated with available experimental data for a range of throat gas velocities, liquid-to-gas ratios and particle diameters and is used to study the effect of some design parameters on collection efficiency. Most striking among the observations is the prediction of a new design parameter termed the minimum contactor length. Also noted is the prediction of little effect on collection efficiency with increasing liquid-to-gas ratio above about 2lm−3. Indeed, for some cases a decrease in collection efficiency is predicted for liquid rates above this value.
Origin of metallic Fe-Ni in Renazzo and related chondrites

To assess the formation of metallic Fe-Ni in Renazzo and related chondrites, Ni and Co zoning profiles in metallic Fe-Ni are determined from different petrographic sites (chondrule interiors, chondrule margins, chondrule rims, and matrix) in Renazzo, Al Rais, and the related chondrite, MacAlpine Hills 87320. Metal from chondrule interiors shows flat Ni and Co concentrations and profiles, moderately large grain-to-grain compositional variations (even with chondrules), and generally high Ni and Co. Nickel concentrations extend above the kamacite stability limit; etching such 'martensite' shows high-Ni domains in some cases, but observed Ni concentrations do not exceed 190 mg/g. Metal from chondrule margins adjacent to matrix shows convex Ni and Co zoning profiles; the highest Ni and Co concentrations are at grain centers, although the mean central Ni and Co concentrations in margin grains are much lower than those from chondrule interiors; the remainder are convex. The low Co and Ni contents at the edge of grains in chondrule margins are interpreted to reflect dilution by Fe produced by FeO reduction.
Aging changes in the heart of a poeciliid fish, the guppy Poecilia reticulatus.

Abstract Histological surveys of the hearts of guppies Poecilia reticulatus throughout their lifespan showed no aging changes until the fish were three years old. In younger fishes the hearts were healthy, even in three individuals with “wasting” disease, where there was considerable loss of muscle throughout the body. There was a loss of muscle fibers in the ventricle in old fish, and deposition of collagen in the bulbus arteriosus. Guppies of three years and older also had a marked accumulation of melanomacrophages in the atrium. It seems unlikely that degeneration of the heart is involved in mortality of guppies in the wild.
An Alteration in Human Diabetic Arterioles

Serial sections of palatal mucosa from diabetic and nondiabetic patients were evaluated histochemically. An aldehyde-fuchsin-and acid-orcein-positive deposition occurred primarily in the adventitia of diabetic arterioles, as compared with nondiabetic vessels.
186Re-Liposomal Doxorubicin (Doxil): In Vitro Stability, Pharmacokinetics, Imaging and Biodistribution in a Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Xenograft Model

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of radiolabeling liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil) for cancer chemoradionuclide therapy by directly loading the therapeutic radionuclide rhenium-186 ((186)Re) into the liposome interior. The pharmacokinetics, imaging and biodistribution of [(186)Re]Doxil (555 MBq/kg) and control [(186)Re]polyethylene glycol (PEG) liposomes (555 MBq/kg) were determined after intravenous administration in a head and neck cancer xenograft model in nude rats. [(186)Re]Doxil and [(186)Re]PEG liposomes were radiolabeled using [(186)Re]N,N-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)-N',N'-diethylethylenediamine. (186)Re labeling efficiency was 76.1+/-8.3% with Doxil. The in vitro serum stability of [(186)Re]Doxil at 37 degrees C was 38.06+/-12.13% at 24 h. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that [(186)Re]Doxil had a two-phase blood clearance with half clearance times of 0.8 and 28.2 h. Images acquired over 120 h showed that [(186)Re]Doxil had slow blood clearance, low liver accumulation and increasing spleen accumulation. The biodistribution study at 120 h indicated that the percentage of injected dose (%ID) in the blood and tumor for [(186)Re]Doxil was 20-fold higher than that of [(186)Re]PEG liposomes. The %ID values in the kidney and liver were not significantly different between [(186)Re]Doxil and [(186)Re]PEG liposomes. These results suggest that the long circulation and prolonged bioavailability of [(186)Re]Doxil could potentially deliver high concentrations of both doxorubicin and (186)Re to tumor when encapsulated in the same liposome vehicle.
Registration of ‘Clearwater’ Low‐Phytate Hulless Spring Barley

Clearwater' (Reg. No. CV-335; PI 647080) is a spring two-rowed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) developed by the USDA- ARS and the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station. Clearwater was selected and released on the basis of competitive agronomic performance in combination with low-phytate (LP), hulless grain. Clearwater derives from an BC 1 F 3:4 selection from the cross 'Baronesse'*2/Pmut640//HB317. It was tested under the experimental designation 01ID435H. The parent Pmut640 is a sodium-azide generated mutant induced in the two-rowed malting cultivar Harrington. The mutation conferring reduced phytate in Pmut640 is believed to be allelic to lpa2-1, which results in a reduction of phytate (myo- inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate) of approximately 40 to 50% and an increase in inorganic P of greater than 400%. Studies have shown that these changes are associated with increased feed quality and reduced environmental impacts when fed to non-ruminant animals, based on increased P digestibility and reduced fecal P content.
Morphology and Sexual Dimorphism of the Weevil Myllocerus undecimpustulatus undatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

ABSTRACT Myllocerus undecimpustulatus undatus Marshall (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), also known as the Sri Lankan weevil, is becoming a major pest of ornamentals and tropical fruit trees in the southern states of United States, especially in Florida. Recent findings of this species in Florida citrus groves justify research into their biology and ecology. Identification of semiochemicals involved in their behavioral and chemical communication will help to develop insect control strategies. We studied morphological and sexually dimorphic characters of this species as an aid to rapid separation of sexes for studies aiming to identify semiochemicals that may be of value in management. Female weevils collected from the field in southeastern Florida were significantly larger than males in length of head, abdomen, and overall length. Females weight was approximately twice that of males. No significant differences in the distance between procoxal or mesocoxal articulations observed between males and females. But t...
Role of an intrinsically disordered conformation in AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of ULK1 and regulation of autophagy.

Recently, it has been established that there is a direct link between adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is an energy sensor and is activated by glucose starvation, and Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) in triggering autophagy. Proper phosphorylation of ULK1 is crucial for ULK1/AMPK association and subsequent ULK1 functions in response to nutrient deprivation. Signaling modulated viaphosphorylation often involves a flexible/unstructured or an intrinsically disordered (ID) region of proteins. Structural analyses of the ULK1 protein suggest that most of its functionally important phosphorylation sites are located in an ID region. We propose that this ID nature facilitates AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of ULK1, which may provide a mechanism for ULK1 functions in response to nutrient deprivation. Understanding how an ID region of ULK1 modulates its post-translational modifications through AMPK in regulating allosteric coupling will significantly help in defining the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in ULK1/AMPK functions and in regulation of autophagy.
Women and Las Navas de Tolosa

Sources do not particularly attend to women and Las Navas de Tolosa, neither their direct experience of the battle, nor the impact of the battle on their status in the aftermath – although they tell us more than we might expect. More significantly, current historiography of medieval women suggests that such watershed events do not fit with the continuities and changes of women's experience over time – an experience which varied not only according to gender but also according to class and religion in the high middle ages.
Experiences in driving a cave with IBM scalable graphics engine-3 (SGE-3) prototypes

The IBM Scalable Graphics Engine-3 (SGE-3) prototype is a network attached framebuffer. In its application at Brown, it is a pixel compositor for distributed rendering and a video source for frame-sequential stereo display in a four-wall CAVE™ -like display, a TAN VR-Cube. The configuration uses 4 SGE-3 prototype units (one per display wall) and 48 rendering nodes (12 per display wall; 6 per stereo field). With favorable rendering distribution, achieved performance per 12-node wall has been up to five times that of a single graphics card. This report provides details of the cluster systems architecture and the performance characteristics of the SGE-3 and sample test applications.
Associations of free-living bacteria and dissolved organic compounds in a plume of contaminated groundwater

Associations of free-living bacteria (FLB) and dissolved organic contaminants in a 4-km-long plume of sewage-contaminated groundwater were investigated. Abundance of FLB in the core of the plume (as delineated by maximum specific conductance) steadily decreased in the direction of flow from a point 0.25 km downgradient from the source to the toe of the plume. At 0.25 km downgradient, FLB comprised up to 31% of the total bacterial population, but constituted <7% of the population at 2 km downgradient. Abundance of FLB correlated strongly (r = 0.80, n = 23) with total dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in contaminated groundwater between 0.64 and 2.1 km downgradient, although distributions of individual contaminants such as di-, tri- and tetrachloroethene were highly variable, and their association with FLB less clear. Numbers of FLB in the downgradient portion of the plume which is contaminated with branched-chain alkylbenzenesulfonate (ABS) surfactants were low (<5 · 108/L) in spite of relatively high levels of DOC (up to 4 mg/L). However, abundance of FLB correlated strongly with non-surfactant DOC along vertical transects through the plume. The ratio of FLB to DOC and the ratio of FLB to attached bacteria generally decreased in the direction of flow and, consequently, with the age of the organic contaminants.
ADRF experiments using near nπ pulse strings

Abstract An ADRF and inverse repolarization phenomenon was observed in dipolar solids by applying a string of rf pulses in which the pulse angle was gradually varied past nπ. This phenomenon, which is characteristic of discrete excitation schemes, is explained qualitatively.
Evolutionary algorithms for parameter determination of patched conic approximation

The objective of this research is to investigate the utility of micro genetic algorithms (GA) to determine the initial conditions of a spacecraft at the point of departure from Earth's orbit to make a successful lunar landing or a lunar flyby. The states of the spacecraft at the point at the destination are then obtained using the patched-conic approximation. As demonstrated in this work, faster convergence is obtained using micro genetic algorithms. This methodology can also be extended to interplanetary translation by utilizing the intermediate thrust of the spacecraft.
A logic for all questions

Recherche d'une situation standard pour le couple question-reponse, d'une approche correcte de la logique des questions et enfin d'une logique complete des questions. L'A. commence par discuter les tentatives de L. Aquist et J. Hintikka, en particulier l'effort fait par ce dernier pour reduire les questions a des elements non-interrogatifs. Il introduit ensuite le concept d'espace erotetique (erotetic space) et developpe a partir de la sa propre approche.
Interspecies reactivity of type C and D retrovirus p15E and p15C proteins

Abstract Two low-molecular-weight structural components of mammalian type C viruses p15E and p15C were studied in terms of their content of interspecies antigenic reactivity. We find that both components possess broadly cross-reacting determinants, which in the case of p15E extend to primate type D viruses.
New Monte Carlo technique for studying phase transitions.

We present a new method for using the data from Monte Carlo simulations that can increase the efficiency by 2 or more orders of magnitude. A single Monte Carlo simulation is sufficient to obtain complete thermodynamic information over the entire scaling region near a phase transition. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated by comparison with exact results for the d=2 Ising model. New results for d=2 eight-state Potts model are also presented. The method is generally applicable to statistical models and lattice-gauge theories.
Scaphoid Fracture: Open Reduction Internal Fixation

Scaphoid fractures are very common in young, active individuals. Most fractures are nondisplaced and can be treated with cast immobilization; however, there is a strong demand to return to function as early as possible. Scaphoid fractures with displacement >1 mm can lead to nonunion and late carpal osteoarthritis. Displaced scaphoid fractures require anatomic reduction and rigid stabilization to optimize outcomes. Surgical fixation can be achieved from either the dorsal approach or the volar approach. The location of the fracture, the presence of comminution, the amount of displacement, and associated injuries will determine the best surgical approach for the patient. There has been a tremendous improvement in surgical instrumentation and implants that allows patients the ability to return to function expeditiously and reliably.
An unusual anomaly of the coronary system: origin of the anterior (descending) interventricular artery from the pulmonary trunk.

Summary A case is reported of an infant with three coronary arteries—two of them originating from the aorta and one from the pulmonary artery. It is suggested that the demonstration of two coronary arteries arising from the aorta does not exclude the presence of a third one arising from the pulmonary artery.
General methodological considerations

I wish to thank Alok Bhargava for organizing a discussion of this interesting paper by Adams et al. My discussion will focus on quite generic philosophical, statistical, and modelling issues that arise when inferring causal e0ects from complex panel and time series data. The analysis of Adams et al. appears to be driven by the following philosophical proposition: when the sample size is large and a test of the statistical hypothesis of Granger non-causality accepts, one can validly infer lack of causation based on observational panel and/or time series data, even in the absence of subject-matter-speci5c background knowledge; however, because of the possibility of hidden (unmeasured) common causes, it is never possible to infer causality in the absence of background knowledge. In this discussion, I will argue that the authors’ apparent philosophical belief that it is possible to infer lack of causation from lack of association in the absence of substantive subject-matter knowledge implicitly uses the “faithfulness analysis” of causation made explicit by Spirtes et al. (1993) in their book Causation, Prediction and Search and implemented in their computer program Tetrad. In Section 2, I review the assumptions underlying a “faithfulness analysis”. In Section 3, I will describe some of the surprising implications of these analyses due to Spirtes et al. (1993) and Pearl and Verma (1991). Speci5cally, I will show that in certain speci5c settings and contrary to the intuitions of the authors’, it is also possible to infer causality using a faithfulness analysis. Sections 2 and 3 are devoted to describing how a faithfulness analysis can be used to infer causation and non-causation based on dependencies and independencies found in observational data in the absence of subject-matter speci5c background knowledge. In Section 4, I argue, following Robins (1997) and Robins and Wasserman (1999), that a faithfulness analysis is not appropriate when, as in most econometric and epidemiologic studies, the probability that any two given study variables have no common cause is close to zero. As a consequence, in most econometric and epidemiologic studies,
Global existence for an abstract Riccati initial-value problem with possibly unbounded coefficients

Abstract We consider operator-valued Riccati initial-value problems of the form ( ∗ ) R ′( t ) + TR ( t ) + R ( t ) T = TA ( t ) + TB ( t ) R ( t ) + R ( t ) TC ( t ) + R ( t ) TD ( t ) R ( t ), R (0) = R 0 . Here A ( t ) through D ( t ) and R 0 have values as nonnegative bounded linear operators in L 1 ( μ ), where μ is a σ-finite measure, and T is a closed nonnegative operator in L 1 ( μ ) satisfying additional technical conditions. For such problems the notion of strongly mild solutions is defined. The main result is a set of conditions under which ( ∗ ) with sufficiently small initial value has a global solution.
Total Cross Sections for Inelastic Scattering of Charged Particles by Atoms and Molecules. I. A Sum Rule for the Bethe Cross Sections and Its Application to the Helium Atom

The Bethe cross section for inelastic scattering of fast charged particles by an atom or molecule is shown to obey a sum rule which permits the calculation of the total inelastic scattering cross section from the optical oscillator strength distribution and certain ground-state expectation values. The sum rule can also be utilized as a requirement of compatibility among the individual inelastic scattering cross sections; for example, together with the experimental ionization cross section, it yields the total excitation cross section, which is very poorly known at the present time. An accurate evaluation is made for the helium atom. The resulting total inelastic scattering cross section, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{tot}}=\frac{{z}^{2}}{{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{2}}\left\{1.410\left[\mathrm{ln}\left(\frac{{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{2}}{1\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{2}}\right)\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{2}\right]+15.118\right\}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}20} {\mathrm{cm}}^{2},$ is in excellent agreement with experimental data.
Did the prion protein become vulnerable to misfolding after an evolutionary divide and conquer event

Despite high sequence identity among mammalian prion proteins (PrPs), mammals have varying rates of susceptibility to prion disease resulting in a so-called species barrier. The species barrier follows no clear pattern, with closely related species or similar sequences being no more likely to infect each other, and remains an unresolved enigma. Variation of the conformationally flexible regions may alter the thermodynamics of the conformational change, commonly referred to as the conformational conversion, which occurs in the pathogenic process of the mammalian prion protein. A conformational ensemble scenario is supported by the species barrier in prion disease and evidence that there are strains of pathogenic prion with different conformations within species. To study how conformational flexibility has evolved in the prion protein, an investigation was undertaken on the evolutionary dynamics of structurally disordered regions in the mammalian prion protein, non-mammalian prion protein that is not vulnerable to prion disease, and remote homologs Doppel and Shadoo. Structural disorder prediction analyzed in an evolutionary context revealed that the occurrence of increased or altered conformational flexibility in mammalian PrPs coincides with key events among PrP, Doppel, and Shadoo. Comparatively rapid evolutionary dynamics of conformational flexibility in the prion protein suggest that the species barrier is not a static phenomenon. A small number of amino acid substitutions can repopulate the conformational ensemble and have a disproportionately large effect on pathogenesis.
PELAN for non-intrusive inspection of ordnance, containers, and vehicles

When neutrons interact with nuclei, the resulting energy of the interaction can be released in the form of gamma rays, whose energy is characteristic of the nucleus involved in the reaction. The PELAN (Pulsed Elemental Analysis with Neutrons) system uses a pulsed neutron generator and an integral thermalizing shield that induce reactions that cover most of the entire neutron energy range. The neutron generator uses a d-T reaction, which releases fast 14 MeV neutrons responsible for providing information on chemical elements such as C, N, and O. During the time period between pulses, the fast neutrons undergo multiple elastic and inelastic interactions that lower their energy making them easier to be captured by chemical elements, such as H and Cl. The PELAN system has been used for a number of applications where non-intrusive, non-destructive interrogation is needed. This report illustrates examples of its performance in interrogations for unexploded ordnance (UXO), landmines, large vehicle bombs and illicit drug detection.
Successful treatment of dysgeusia after middle-ear surgery with amitriptyline: Case report

Abstract Introduction The chorda tympani branches off of the facial nerve within the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and is responsible for controlling the taste in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue on each side. Due to its location, it is commonly injured during middle-ear surgery resulting in dysgeusia. Method A case of a 59-year-old male had recurrent otitis media resulting in tympanic membrane perforation. Patient subsequently underwent lateral graft tympanoplasty. Shortly after surgery patient reported onset of dysgeusia consisting of metallic taste at the tip of the tongue and salty taste on the left side of the tongue. Results Treatment with Amitriptyline 50 mg each night significantly improved the patient’s symptoms of dysgeusia. Conclusions Amitriptyline may be an effective treatment for dysgeusia occurring after middle-ear surgery.
Coordinating order quantities between the manufacturer and the buyer: A generalized newsvendor model

Abstract A generalized newsvendor model is developed to analyze the coordinated quantity decisions between the manufacturer and the buyer. The manufacturer and the buyer operate to meet random demand of one product with a short lifecycle. The analytical results for the general newsvendor model are obtained. Our analysis of the generalized newsvendor model developed yields the insights into the coordination structure between the manufacturer and the buyer. Quantity discount policies are developed as incentive policies, which the manufacturer may use to induce the buyer to order the coordinated quantity.
SMILI: visualization of asynchronous massively parallel programs

Abstract A visualization model has been developed to analyze the performance of a massively parallel algorithm. Most visualization tools that have been developed so far for performance analysis are based generally on individual processor information and communication patterns (e.g., processor load, message traffic, etc.). However, these tools are inadequate for massively parallel computations. It is difficult to comprehend the visual information for many processors. The scientific visualization in multicomputing for interpretation of large amounts of information (SMILI) model addresses this problem by using abstract representations to attain a composite picture, which gives better insight to the behavior of the algorithm. Chernoff's Faces have been selected to represent the multidimensional data because of their ability to portray multidimensional data in a very perceptive manner. SMILI has been used on an asynchronous massively parallel partial differential equation solver based on the multigrid paradigm. The visualization tool helps in tuning the control parameters of the multigrid algorithm to get optimal results. In asynchronous algorithms, the non-deterministic way in which messages are exchanged may lead to some unforeseeable behavior. SMILI helps detect the anomalies and indicate the causes of irregularities that may arise during execution. Once the causes have been determined, the control parameters can be further tuned to eliminate the erroneous behavior in the consecutive executions.
Progression to AIDS in patients with lymphadenopathy or AIDS-related complex: reappraisal of risk and predictive factors

Abstract purpose: In 1985, we reported that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed in 14 of 81 (17%) men with generalized lymphadenopathy followed prospectively for an average of 13 months. The presence of oral thrush or constitutional symptoms, or both, or severely impaired T4 + cell responses to specific antigen (interferon-gamma production) accurately identified patients at immediate risk for AIDS. The purpose of the current report is to describe the progress of these 81 patients during the three and a half years since enrollment and to include new data on initial serum levels of beta 2 microglobulin and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) p24 antigen. patients and methods: The mean age of the 81 patients was 35.4 years; 79 were homosexuals and two were drug abusers. Immunologic testing was performed once at the time of enrollment in all patients. Seventy-seven of the 81 patients were sero-positive for HIV antibody. Frozen samples of serum, also obtained at initial study, were assayed in 1988 for beta 2 microglobulin and HIV p24 antigen. The clinical status of patients was determined six, 14, and 36 months after enrollment was closed (June 1984) by either interview and examination or telephone contact with private physicians. results: After three and a half years of follow-up, 42 patients have developed AIDS, including (1) 77% who had had thrush or symptoms, or both, (2) 80% to 88% of those who originally demonstrated marked immunologic abnormalities (skin test anergy, less than 200 T4 + cells/mm 3 , T4/T8 cell ratio of less than 0.5, severely impaired interferon-gamma production [less than 25 U/mL], or elevated serum beta 2 microglobulin level [greater than 3.0 mg/L], and (3) 95% of patients with HIV p24 antigenemia. However, AIDS also developed in 51% of patients who had had more apparently benign initial manifestations (lymphadenopathy alone, herpes zoster), in 41% to 54% despite normal initial results for either T4 + cell number, interferon-gamma secretion, beta 2 microglobulin, or skin testing, and in 44% of those whose sera did not contain HIV antigen. conclusion: These updated results demonstrate the remarkably poor prognosis of patients with generalized lymphadenopathy or AIDS-related complex irrespective of initial clinical, immunologic, and serologic findings, and suggest that essentially all such persons may be candidates for antiviral therapy.
Functional heterogeneity of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia: the duration of hormonal therapy influences the response.

OBJECTIVES To use a clinical model of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) followed by radical prostatectomy (RP) to test the hypothesis that prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN, a premalignant lesion of the prostate causally linked to prostate cancer) is heterogeneous for hormone responsiveness, which might explain aspects of the heterogeneity of the natural history of prostate cancer, for although ADT has been used to reduce prostate cancer, there are controversial data on the effect of ADT on PIN. PATIENTS AND METHODS We assessed retrospectively patients with biopsy-confirmed prostate cancer who had RP; some patients had received ≥3 months of ADT at the discretion of their surgeons, and patients from the same cohort who did not have ADT were used as controls. Patients were sequentially selected from the database and their pathology slides were reviewed by a pathologist unaware of the initial presence of PIN (assessed by an independent observer). Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the proportions of patients who had residual PIN in the study and control groups. Exact logistic regression was used to evaluate the duration of ADT on PIN regression. RESULTS Eighteen patients initially diagnosed with PIN who had no ADT were identified, and 28 with PIN who had ADT were also assessed. All patients who had had no ADT had residual PIN, whereas seven of 28 receiving ADT had no residual PIN (P = 0.043). The evaluation of ADT between responders and nonresponders showed a statistically significant association between PIN regression and the duration of ADT (P 6 months had residual PIN, suggesting variable sensitivity of PIN to ADT. CONCLUSION These results show that ADT causes PIN to regress, and that there is heterogeneity in this effect with the duration of ADT. We propose future prospective, multicentre, randomized trials in which the effect of ADT on PIN is characterized further.
Are all firms inefficient

In the usual stochastic frontier model, all firms are inefficient, because inefficiency is non-negative and the probability that inefficiency is exactly zero equals zero. We modify this model by adding a parameter p which equals the probability that a firm is fully efficient. We can estimate this model by MLE and obtain estimates of the fraction of firms that are fully efficient and of the distribution of inefficiency for the inefficient firms. This model has also been considered by Kumbhakar et al. (J Econ 172:66–76, 2013). We extend their paper in several ways. We discuss some identification issues that arise if all firms are inefficient or no firms are inefficient. We show that results like those of Waldman (J Econ 18:275–279, 1982) hold for this model, that is, that the likelihood has a stationary point at parameters that indicate no inefficiency and that this point is a local maximum if the OLS residuals are positively skewed. Finally, we consider problems involved in testing the hypothesis that p = 0. We also provide some simulations and an empirical example.
Nitrogen-Doping of Polycrystalline 3C-SiC Films Deposited by Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition

This paper reports the effect of deposition temperature on the deposition rate, residual stress, and resistivity of in-situ nitrogen-doped (N-doped) polycrystalline 3C-SiC (poly-SiC) films deposited by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD). N-doped poly-SiC films were deposited in a high-throughput, resistively-heated, horizontal LPCVD furnace capable of holding up to 150 mm-diameter substrates using SiH2Cl2 (100%) and C2H2 (5% in H2) precursors, with NH3 (5% in H2) as the doping gas. The deposition rate increased, while the residual stress decreased significantly as the deposition temperature increased from 825oC to 900°C. The resistivity of the films decreased significantly from 825°C to 850°C. Above 850°C, although the resistivity still decreased, the change was much smaller than at lower temperatures. XRD patterns indicated a polycrystalline (111) 3C-SiC texture for all films deposited in the temperature range studied. SIMS depth profiles indicated a constant nitrogen atom concentration of 2.6×1020/cm3 in the intentionally doped films deposited at 900°C. The nitrogen concentration of unintentionally doped films (i.e., when NH3 gas flow was zero) deposited at 900°C was on the order of 1017/cm3. The doped films deposited at 900°C exhibited a resistivity of 0.02 -cm and a tensile residual stress of 59 MPa, making them very suitable for use as a mechanical material supporting microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device development.
The Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Youths: A Review of Research Since 1990

This report reviews recent research on the epidemiology of traumatic brain injuries among children and youth aged 0 to 20 years. Studies representing populations in North America, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand yield these median estimates of the annual incidence of childhood brain injuries: 691 per 100 000 population treated in emergency departments, 74 per 100 000 treated in hospital, and 9 per 100 000 resulting in death. Males have a higher risk of injury than females: 1.4 times higher among those aged less than 10 years and 2.2 times among those older than 10 years. The leading cause of injury among children aged less than 5 years is falls, whereas the leading cause of injury among youths aged 15 years and older is motor vehicle crashes. The prevalence of disability among all persons who have sustained traumatic brain injury in childhood is unknown, but among those who were hospitalized could approximate 20%.
Poly (lactide-co-glycolide)-polymethacrylate nanoparticles for intramuscular delivery of plasmid encoding interleukin-10 to prevent autoimmune diabetes in mice.

Purpose Determine the efficiency of cationic nanoparticles prepared by blending poly (lactide-co-glycolide; PLGA) and methacrylate copolymer (Eudragit® E100) to deliver a therapeutic gene encoding mouse interleukin-10, in vitro and in vivo.
Experimental Analysis of Crack Growth in GFRP Reinforced Concrete

For decades, bridge slabs have been troubled by the corrosion of steel reinforcement. The unique corrosion resistance of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars makes them a promising alternative to steel bars. Experiments have been conducted to investigate the bond performance of GFRP reinforced concrete under constant amplitude cyclic fatigue loading. Each specimen was an identical length beam with a single GFRP bar at the bottom, intended to simulate a transverse strip of a typical bridge deck slab. The crack growth was monitored for specimens of different widths, simulating different transverse reinforcement spacings. Up to 2 million cycles of cyclic loads were applied at 100% typical service load levels. No fatigue failure was encountered in the testing. The effects of moderate overloads were also investigated.
Does Cultural Competency Training of Health Professionals Improve Patient Outcomes? A Systematic Review and Proposed Algorithm for Future Research

Background Cultural competency training has been proposed as a way to improve patient outcomes. There is a need for evidence showing that these interventions reduce health disparities.
Collagen synthesis by bone marrow stromal cells: a quantitative study

Collagen-producing, marrow-derived adherent cells (MDAC) provide a microenvironment which supports haemopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferation in vitro. To investigate the relationship between collagen-producing cells in intact marrow and in MDAC cultures, quantitative studies of collagen synthesis were performed. Collagen synthesis by fresh murine bone marrow cells was 0.22% of total protein synthesis and collagen types I and III were synthesized in a ratio of approximately 5:1. During MDAC cultivation, the collagen synthesis fraction increased to 2.3%. The relative amounts of type I and type III remained more or less constant. The MDAC monolayers showed characteristic pleomorphism, and were shown to support HSC proliferation in continuous bone marrow culture for periods of at least 5 weeks. These results suggest that MDAC culture, under the conditions reported, selects a specific type of bone marrow connective tissue cell, probably a reticulum cell, which synthesizes collagen types I and III in a ratio of approximately 5:1.
A test of alternative models for projecting county industrial production at the 2, 3, and 4-digit standard industrial code levels☆

Abstract Projections for detailed industry branches are obtained by means of different possible models. Their relative efficiency is submitted to various tests.
Spatiotemporal evolution of blood brain barrier damage and tissue infarction within the first 3h after ischemia onset.

Abstract Blood brain barrier (BBB) damage that occurs within the thrombolytic time window is increasingly appreciated to negatively impact the safety and efficacy profiles of thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke. However, the spatiotemporal evolution of BBB damage in this early stroke stage and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the topographical distribution of BBB damage and its association with tissue injury within the first 3 h after ischemia onset and the roles of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9 in this process. Rats were subjected to 1, 2, or 3 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 10 min reperfusion with fluorescence-labeled dextran as BBB permeability marker. Acute tissue infarction was evidenced by staining defect with triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by magnetic resonance imaging. MMP-2/9 were assessed by gel and in situ zymography. After 2-h MCAO, dextran leakage was seen in the ischemic ventromedial striatum and the preoptic area which showed ~ 70% CBF reduction, and expanded to other MCA regions including the cortex after 3-h MCAO. Interestingly, high (2000 kDa) and low (70 kDa) molecular weight dextrans displayed almost identical leakage patterns. Different from BBB damage, tissue infarction was first seen in the ischemic dorsal striatum and the parietal/insular cortex which experienced ~ 90% CBF reduction. Increased gelatinolytic activity colocalized with dextran leakage, and MMP-2 was found to be the major enzymatic source on gelatin zymograms. Pretreatment with MMP inhibitor GM6001 significantly reduced dextran leakage induced by 2-h and 3-h MCAO. Taken together, our findings reveal substantial differences in the topographic distribution of BBB damage and tissue infarction within the first 3 h after MCAO onset. Unlike ischemic neuronal damage, BBB damage appears to develop faster in brain regions with moderately severe ischemia, and MMP-2 contributes to this early ischemic BBB damage.
The Kent-Rosanoff word association: word association norms as a function of age

If communality of responses is stable, the relative popularity of responses to the Kent-Rosanoff Word Association Test should remain the same for subjects from young adulthood to advanced age. The KentRosanoff was administered individually to 738 subjects from 18 to 87 years of age from various occupations and from various parts of the country. The results indicate that there is a decrease in the strength of communality accompanied by an increase in variability with the advance in age.
Complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in primary sclerosing cholangitis.

OBJECTIVES Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is commonly performed in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The risk of complications associated with this procedure is not well established in these patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the risk of ERCP complications in PSC vs. non-PSC patients. METHODS We identified all Mayo Clinic patients who underwent ERCP in 2005. Procedural and clinical data were collected. Complications were defined as hospitalizations for pancreatitis, cholangitis, perforation, and bleeding. RESULTS A total of 168 patients with PSC and 981 patients without PSC had at least one ERCP examination in the calendar year 2005. PSC patients were younger (48 years+/-15 vs. 60 years+/-19, P<0.000) and had a higher prevalence of portal hypertension (31.5% vs. 4%, P<0.0001). PSC patients had more biopsies (39% vs. 15%, P<0.0001), brushings (37% vs. 8%, P<0.001), balloon dilatations (48% vs. 15%, P<0.0001), duct cytology (20% vs. 3%, P<0.0001) and intraductal ultrasounds (11% vs. 5%, P=0.007) than non-PSC patients. The duration of the procedure was longer in the PSC group (51 min+/-29 vs. 40 min+/-28, P<0.0001). The overall rate of complications in patients with PSC when compared to non-PSC patients was not significantly different (18/168 (11%) vs. 76/981(8%), P=0.2). The incidence of cholangitis was higher in the PSC group (4% vs. 0.2%, P<0.0002) despite routine use of antibiotics before the procedure in PSC patients. The duration of the procedure was longer in PSC patients who developed cholangitis (86 min+/-28 vs. 51 min+/-29, P=0.02). The risks of complications such as pancreatitis, perforation, and bleeding were not significantly different between the two groups despite their demographic and procedural variations. The duration of hospitalization due to complications was also not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Complications requiring hospitalizations occur in over 10% of PSC patients undergoing ERCP. Cholangitis occurs more often in PSC patients and correlates with the length of the procedure. Further studies to confirm the role of aggressive prophylactic antibiotics in patients with PSC who undergo prolonged procedures are warranted.
Nonmonotonic ordering of lanthanides in tributyl phosphate-nitric acid extraction systems☆

Abstract The partition of tracer-level lanthanides, yttrium, and americium between various tri- n -butyl phosphate (TBP) phases and aqueous nitric acid phases has been studied radiometrically as a function of solvent concentration, nitric acid concentration, and Z . In undiluted TBP systems, a plot of log K vs. Z approximates two straight lines joining at Z = 64). The line for the high- Z region has a positive slope somewhat less than that of the line for the low- Z region at 18·5 M HNO 3 . This difference in slope becomes intesified as the concentration of nitric acid is lowered, the high- Z line ultimately acquiring a negative slope. The slope of the low- Z line remains positive throughout the region studied. This general half-filled shell effect is also noted for systems involving diluted TBP. It is postulated that the extracting species is [M(TBP) α (H 2 O) (χ−α) ](NO 3 ) 3 , in which α is a function of the nitric acid concentration and of Z . In all of the systems studied, for plotting purposes yttrium may be assigned an “apparent Z ” of 65–68. In the dilute nitric acid systems, the americium plot is nearly coincident with that for praseodymium.