cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in head-mounted light field displays for virtual and augmented reality (Conference Presentation)

Head-mounted light field displays render a true 3D scene by sampling either the projections of the 3D scene at different depths or the directions of the light rays apparently emitted by the 3D scene and viewed from different eye positions. They are capable of rendering correct or nearly correct focus cues and addressing the very well-known vergence-accommodation mismatch problem in conventional virtual and augmented reality displays. In this talk, I will focus on reviewing recent advancements of head-mounted light field displays for VR and AR applications. I will demonstrate examples of HMD systems developed in my group.
A Brief Alcohol Intervention During Inpatient Psychiatric Hospitalization for Suicidal Adolescents

Abstract Alcohol use and suicide-related thoughts and behaviors are common in psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents and each problem can exacerbate the other. Despite knowledge about the functional relationship between alcohol use and suicide-related thoughts and behaviors, inpatient psychiatric units only cursorily address alcohol use because suicide risk is considered primary. In this paper we provide theoretical and empirical rationale for the inclusion of brief motivational interventions for alcohol use in inpatient treatment settings for suicidal adolescents. We give a case example of the brief intervention in practice, including when and how to use specific techniques. Following the case example, we discuss the flexibility of this intervention and how it can be adapted for adolescents with varying risk profiles. We conclude with recommendations for future research, including the development and testing of technology-based boosters following hospital discharge.
Hepatoduodenal ligament teratoma with immature elements

Pediatric germ cell tumors comprise 1–3% of all malignant pediatric tumors and are found in variable locations. We present the case of a term 3.7 kg neonate who was found to have a giant liver mass at birth, later determined to be an immature teratoma arising from the hepatoduodenal ligament. This case report and images add to the limited literature a very rare presentation of a teratoma.
Abstract 5575: Androgen receptor stimulation with 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) decreases PD-L1 expression in androgen-responsive thyroid cancer cells

Thyroid cancer is the most rapidly increasing cancer in the US with 64,300 new cases expected in 2016. However, there is a disparity in the incidence of thyroid cancer between females and males, with women (49,350 expected cases) developing thyroid cancer three times more often than men (14,950 expected cases). Immune elimination of nascent tumor cells may explain the difference in disease incidence between men and women. To address this hypothesis, the effect of androgen on the expression of immune checkpoint molecules in an androgen responsive-thyroid cancer cell line was examined. The undifferentiated thyroid cancer cell line, 8505C, does not express a functional androgen receptor (AR). 84E7 is a clone of 8505C that was transfected with an AR containing plasmid resulting in constitutively expressed AR. Transcriptome analysis via RNASeq was performed on 8505C and 84E7, with and without 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment. Raw sequencing reads were aligned to the UCSC hg19 human reference genome with Tophat, and Cufflinks was used to measure transcript abundances in Reads Per Kilobase of exon model per Million mapped reads (RPKM) as well as to find genes with statistically significant changes in expression. DHT treatment of 84E7 resulted in >2 fold expression changes in 1,552 genes. We examined the immune checkpoint ligands expressed on 84E7 such as CD80, CD86, PD-L1, PD-L2, ICOSL, B7-H3, B7-H4, HVEM, 4-1BBL, OX40L, CD70, CD40, and GAL9. PD-L1 was the sole immune checkpoint molecule that exhibited a significant expression change in DHT-treated 84E7 cells with a 1.8 log2 fold decrease (p=0, q=0), or 72% reduction in mRNA content. Additional studies confirmed the RNASeq results and provide evidence of both qualitative (immunofluorescence) and quantitative (flow cytometry and western blotting) decreases in PD-L1 expression with DHT treatment. These results are significant in that PD-L1 is produced by tumor cells as a strategy for subverting and evading the immune response, specifically T cells, allowing for continued tumor growth and metastases. In the thyroid, the presence of activated androgen receptors could lead to an environment that is more favorable for immune system activation and may help eliminate nascent thyroid cancer cells. Thus, men may experience a decreased incidence of thyroid cancer due to an enhanced and less inhibited anti-tumor environment. Citation Format: Timmy J. O9Connell, Melanie Jones, Anvita Gupta, Tali Lando, Deya Jourdy, Edward Shin, Augustine Moscatello, Raj Tiwari, Jan Geliebter. Androgen receptor stimulation with 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) decreases PD-L1 expression in androgen-responsive thyroid cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5575. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5575
Infrared Absorption at 300 K in InGaN/GaN Disk-in-Nanowire Arrays Grown on (001) Silicon

In0.34Ga0.66N/GaN disk-in-nanowire arrays have been grown on (001) Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy and their infrared absorption spectra have been measured at room temperature. The average diameter and area density of the nanowires are 60 nm and $2\times 10^{10}$ cm $^{-2}$ , respectively. The room temperature photoluminescence spectrum is characterized by peak emission at 540 nm. The absorption spectra measured with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer in transmission and reflection modes exhibit multiple absorption peaks ranging from 1.6 to $20~\mu \text{m}$ . The peak energies have been compared with those for intersubband transitions calculated with a simple model and there is agreement in some cases.
High Yield Preparation of Functionally Active Catalytic-Translocation Domain Module of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A That Exhibits Uniquely Different Enzyme Kinetics

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most toxic proteins known to cause flaccid muscle paralysis as a result of inhibition of neurotransmitter release from peripheral cholinergic synapses. BoNT type A (BoNT/A) is a 150 kDa protein consisting of two major subunits: light chain (LC) and heavy chain (HC). The LC is required for the catalytic activity of neurotoxin, whereas the C and N terminal domains of the HC are required for cell binding, and translocation of LC across the endosome membranes, respectively. To better understand the structural and functional aspects of BoNT/A intoxication we report here the development of high yield Escherichia coli expression system (2–20-fold higher yield than the value reported in the literature) for the production of recombinant light chain-translocation domain (rLC-TD/A) module of BoNT/A which is catalytically active and translocation competent. The open reading frame of rLC-TD/A was PCR amplified from deactivated recombinant BoNT/A gene (a non-select agent reagent), and was cloned using pET45b (+) vector to express in E. coli cells. The purification procedure included a sequential order of affinity chromatography, trypsinization, and anion exchange column chromatography. We were able to purify > 95% pure, catalytically active and structurally well-folded protein. Comparison of enzyme kinetics of purified LC-TD/A to full-length toxin and recombinant light chain A suggest that the affinity for the substrate is in between endopeptidase domain and botulinum toxin. The potential application of the purified protein has been discussed in toxicity and translocation assays.
Quantifying Binding of Ethylene Oxide–Propylene Oxide Block Copolymers with Lipid Bilayers

Block copolymers composed of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) have been widely used in cell membrane stabilization and permeabilization. To explore the mechanism of interaction between PPO–PEO block copolymers and lipid membranes, we have investigated how polymer structure influences the polymer–lipid bilayer association by varying the overall molecular weight, the hydrophobic and hydrophilic block lengths, and the end-group structure systematically, using 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) unilamellar liposomes as model membranes. Pulsed-field-gradient NMR (PFG-NMR) was employed to probe polymer diffusion in the absence and presence of liposomes. The echo decay curves of free polymers in the absence of liposomes are single exponentials, indicative of simple translational diffusion, while in the presence of liposomes, the decays are biexponential, with the slower decay corresponding to polymers bound to liposomes. The binding percentage of polymer to the lipo...
Joining Vetlife's board of trustees

Vetlife is the charity that supports the veterinary community through the provision of a helpline, health support, financial support and its website. Members of Vetlife are invited to apply to serve on the board of trustees. Vetlife is independent of all other veterinary organisations and is managed by a board of 12 elected trustees, all of whom are veterinary surgeons. The charity employs a very small …
A comparison of judgement, skills, and prompting effects between auditors and systems analysts

Arguments have been made supporting internal auditor involvement in the systems development process - arguments based primarily on the differential skills that auditor are thought to possess in the evaluation of internal controls. This study investigates whether internal auditors possess such skills. A second objective is to investigate the impact of recall versus recognition in the identification of control weaknesses and control measures. Two major findings are reported. First, no consistent between group differences in different aspects of internal control evaluation were found. Second, a significant prompting effect was shown across all three respondent groups.
Delamination Detection in Concrete Plates using Output-only Vibration Measurements

This paper addresses delamination detection of concrete slabs by analyzing vibration data from dynamic tests. Four concrete decks with different delamination sizes were constructed and experimental tests were conducted on these concrete slabs. Traditional peak-picking (PP), frequency domain decomposition (FDD) and stochastic subspace identification (SSI) methods were applied in the modal identification from real measurements of dynamic velocity responses. The modal parameters identified by these identification methods matched very well. The changes in modal frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes that were extracted from dynamic measurements were correlated to delamination size and can indicate presence and severity of delamination. Finite element (FE) models of reinforced concrete plates with different delamination sizes and locations were established. The modal parameters computed from FE models were compared to those obtained from real measurements and FE models were validated.
Resistance to changing roles in the medical team.

The role of nurse practitioners in patient care can be expanded without sacrificing quality or safety.
Charge, Spin, and Heat Transport in the Proximity of Metal/Ferromagnet Interface

The spin Seebeck effect (SSE) is one of the few routes for exploiting the spin degree of electronic transport. The observation of SSE has been reported using transverse and longitudinal geometries with in-plane (∇xT) and out-of-plane temperature (∇zT) gradient, respectively. However, it is hard to create purely in-plane temperature gradient for thin magnetic films on thick substrates. The transverse geometry where temperature gradient is applied along in-plane direction is always accompanied by an unintended out-of-plane temperature gradient due to substrates, which gives rise to the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE). The voltages of transverse SSE with ∇xT and ANE with ∇zT have the same field dependence and angular symmetry and thus are entangled. In the longitudinal SSE applicable for ferromagnetic insulator (e.g., yttrium iron garnet, YIG), the temperature gradient is exclusively out of plane. However, one encounters a different issue of magnetic proximity effects (MPEs) when the spin current detector, Pt, is in contact with YIG where unusual transport phenomena, including magnetoresistance and anomalous Hall effects, exist. These complications present difficulties for the unequivocal establishment of SSE in Pt/YIG. Very recently, the intrinsic SSE using the longitudinal geometry in Au/YIG was reported without appreciable MPE.
Levels and Patterns of Communication in the Global Network

This chapter describes the communications dynamics within the global network by detailing the tenets of complexity theory to provide insights in the mechanisms driving the global system. Complex systems theory provides the framework within which to discuss the phase shift of scientific knowledge from an era of scarcity to one of abundance—a theme that will appear in the next several chapters.
Subcellular Localization and Activity of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase 7 (MKK7) γ Isoform are Regulated through Binding to the Phosphatase Calcineurin

Calcineurin (CaN) phosphatase signaling is regulated by targeting CaN to substrates, inhibitors, and scaffold proteins containing docking motifs with the consensus sequence of PxIxIT. Here, we identify the docking of CaN to the γ isoform of MKK7, a component of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Because of alternative splicing of a single exon within the N-terminal domain, MKK7γ encodes a unique PxIxIT motif (PIIVIT) that is not present in MKK7α or β We found that MKK7γ bound directly to CaN through this PIIVIT motif in vitro, immunoprecipitated with CaN from cell extracts, and exhibited fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) with CaN in the cytoplasm but not in the nucleus of living cells. In contrast, MKK7α and β exhibited no direct binding or FRET with CaN and were localized more in the nucleus than the cytoplasm. Furthermore, the inhibition of CaN phosphatase activity increased the basal phosphorylation of MKK7γ but not MKK7β Deletion of the MKK7γ PIIVIT motif eliminated FRET with CaN and promoted MKK7γ redistribution to the nucleus; however, the inhibition of CaN activity did not alter MKK7γ localization, indicating that MKK7γ cytoplasmic retention by CaN is phosphatase activity independent. Finally, the inhibition of CaN phosphatase activity in vascular smooth muscle cells, which express MKK7γ mRNA, enhances JNK activation. Overall, we conclude that the MKK7γ-specific PxIxIT motif promotes high-affinity CaN binding that could promote novel cross talk between CaN and JNK signaling by limiting MKK7γ phosphorylation and restricting its localization to the cytoplasm.
Mitigation of Terrain Effects using Beamforming Antennas in Ad Hoc Networks

Wireless communication is sensitive to ambient noise as well as interference due to the use of a shared medium. The link quality is significantly affected by the surrounding terrain including buildings, hills, foliage, etc. Terrain changes also pose a problem for communication and localization in mobile ad-hoc networks and in the deployment of Internet of Things (IoT). Many of these problems can be addressed through careful antenna design, but these can be challenging as they require complex hardware and software. We propose a new approach called virtual terrain leveling (VTL), which acts as a trade-off between the complex antenna design approaches and the simple omni-directional antennas. VTL virtually nullifies the effects of the terrain using phased array antennas to compensate for the path losses. Convex optimization and the Nelder-Mead simplex method are used to compute the antenna array weights that minimize the error between the ideal and achieved beam patterns. Simulations are performed in the presence of different terrains and the received power at varying distances from the transmitter is analyzed. The results show improved received power up to a specified distance from the transmitter and then power decays rapidly with increasing distance, indicating interference reduction.
Preserving the world for Christ: Toward a theological engagement with the ‘secular’

The practices, habits and convictions that once allowed the inhabitants of Christendom to determine what they could reasonably do and say together to foster a just and equitable common life have slowly been displaced over the past few centuries by new configurations which have sought to maintain an inherited faith in an underlying purpose to human life while disassociating themselves from the God who had been the beginning and end of that faith. In the end, however, these new configurations are incapable of sustained deliberations about the basic conditions of our humanity. Dietrich Bonhoeffer's theology provides important clues into what it takes to make and keep human life human in such a world. The first part of this essay examines Bonhoeffer's conception of the last things, the things before the last, and what binds them together. He argues that the things before the last do not possess a separate, autonomous existence, and that the positing of such a breach has had disastrous effects on human beings and the world they inhabit. The second part looks at Bonhoeffer's account of the divine mandates as the conceptual basis for coping with a world that has taken leave of God. Though this account of the mandates has much to commend it, it is hindered by problematic habits of interpretation that leave it vacillating between incommensurable positions. Bonhoeffer's incomplete insights are thus subsumed within Augustine's understanding of the two orders of human society set forth in City of God.
Legume diversification and weed management in African cereal-based systems

Abstract Weed abundance in cereal-based systems has increased in recent years across sub-Saharan Africa for smallholder farmers (cultivating less than two hectares). Smallholders can employ numerous practices to control weeds such as intercropping cereal crops with legumes. We conducted a review to identify the possible mechanisms responsible for weed control according to legume species, weed species and agroecosystem. In the review, we first present common weed species found in specific agroecological contexts. Then, we propose several legume intercrops that provide some control of these species and the reasons why. Finally, we highlight possible social and biophysical tradeoffs for cultivating legumes as a weed control practice in smallholder cereal systems. The review found that while many studies explained the effect a certain legume-intercrop had upon weeds (e.g., emergence rates), few identified the mechanism or mechanisms (e.g., increased predation) behind their control. Without understanding these mechanisms, it is difficult to propose management recommendations for intercropping (e.g., seeding rates). Furthermore, few studies have investigated how legume intercrops affect multiple components of farming systems, including the smallholders that cultivate them. Determining how these components connect and impose tradeoffs for smallholders unveils the drivers (or barriers) behind legume intercropping as a weed control practice.
interactive generation of narrative text

ABSTRACT An Interactive Generator of Narrative Text (IGENT) has been developed to provide a method of generating descriptive text having a standardized form and flexible content. The current application is for the generation of summary reports following cardiac catheterization procedures. The IGENT subsystem allows the user to write programs in the IGENT language, a language which describes both the nature of a report and the nature of the user interaction necessary to construct it. IGENT then interprets the IGENT commands, requests appropriate user responses as necessary, and produces an interim report file. A text formatter, WOLF, prints the final report. The IGENT language provides constructs which allow the specification of places in the report where a choice may be made from a set of options and inserted into a “blank” in a sentence. Other constructs allow for direct insertion of user text and for control over report formatting. The purpose of this paper is to describe the structure, function, and operation of IGENT, the Interactive Generator of Narrative Text.
Association between heavy metals and antibiotic-resistant human pathogens in environmental reservoirs: A review

Antibiotic resistance in human pathogens can proliferate under selective pressures. Heavy metals in environmental reservoirs may contribute to selecting antibiotic-resistant strains. To determine the associations between heavy metals and antibiotic resistance, a literature review was conducted to systematically collect and categorize evidence for co-occurrence of resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics within human pathogenic bacteria in water, wastewater, and soil. In total, 42 publications adhered to inclusion criteria. Across the reservoirs, zinc and cadmium were the most commonly observed heavy metals associated with resistance to antibiotics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were the most commonly studied bacteria with reported co-occurrence of resistance to several heavy metals and antibiotic classes. As co-selecting agents, prevalence of heavy metals in the environment can proliferate resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics through co-resistance and cross-resistance mechanisms. In comparing different reservoirs, soils and sediments harbor higher heavy metal and antibiotic resistances compared to water environments. Additionally, abiotic factors such as pH can affect the solubility and hence, the availability of heavy metals to bacterial pathogens. Overall, our review demonstrates heavy metals act as co-selecting agents in the proliferation of antibiotic resistance in human pathogens in multiple environmental reservoirs. More studies that include statistical data are needed to further describe the exposure-response relationships between heavy metals and antibiotic resistance in different environmental media. Moreover, integration of culture-based and molecular-based methods in future studies are recommended to better inform our understanding of bacterial co- and cross-resistance mechanisms to heavy metals and antibiotics.
Measuring and Comparing Physical Education Teachers’ Perceived Attributes of CSPAPs: An Innovation Adoption Perspective

Purpose:Drawing from diffusion of innovations theory, this study aimed to develop a survey to measure physical education teachers’ perceived attributes of comprehensive school physical activity pro...
Glycyrrhizin protects IGFBP-3 knockout mice from retinal damage.

Abstract We previously reported that insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) knockout (KO) mice have neuronal and vascular damage to the retina. We also reported that glycyrrhizin, a high mobility growth factor binding protein 1 (HMGB1) inhibitor, is protective to the diabetic retina. In this study, we investigated whether glycyrrhizin could reduce neuronal and vascular damage in the IGFBP-3 KO mouse retina. We used measurements of retinal thickness, cell number in the ganglion cell layer, degenerate capillaries, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein levels of HMGB1, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) to determine whether glycyrrhizin could protect the retina. Data show that glycyrrhizin in the drinking water was effective in reducing neuronal damage at 2 months and vascular damage at 6 months. Glycyrrhizin reduced ROS levels at 6 months, and reduced levels of HMGB1, TNFα, and IL-1β at both 2 and 6 months. Taken together, the data suggest that glycyrrhizin is protective to the retina of IGFBP-3 KO mice through anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
Agent-Based Models of Copycat Suicide

In 1774, soon after Goethe published his novel The Sorrows of Young Werther, there were reports of suicides commited in the protagonist’s distinct manner. These may have been the first noted instances of copycat suicide. This phenomenon results in geographic, temporal, and/or social clustering, and has become known as the Werther effect. However, suicide is very difficult to study experimentally, not only because it is under reported, but also because it is extremely difficult to predict the influence of social contact in real-life situations. We use agent-based modeling to study the effect of social influence on suicide rates. Our results demonstrate that both the scale of an individual’s social group and the presence of celebrity suicides influence aggregate suicide rates by small, but measurable, amounts.
Broadband Measurement of Dielectric Properties of Substrates up to 67 GHz using a Coaxial Air Line

This paper presents a useful low-cost wideband dielectric characterization technique for packaging substrates using a coaxial air line technique up to 67 GHz. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first demonstration of dielectric properties up to 67 GHz using coaxial air lines. The proposed method to extract the material properties is reference-plane-invariant (RPI) which combines Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) and Baker-Jarvis methods. This method does not require that the material under test (MUT) be centered into the air line, relieving stress on the measurement setup. The method is validated using air as the MUT and compared with different calibration methods. The SOLT and offset short technique are used with a Keysight 85058B calibration kit to extract the properties of RT/Duroid® 5880. The measurement results from 10 GHz to 67 GHz show e r ranging from 2.16 to 2.22 and tanδ ranging from -0.002 to 0.006, excluding the Fabry-Perot resonance at 37.5 GHz.
Closing the Gap: Using the Clean Air Act to Control Lifecycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Energy Facilities

As the United States moves forward with regulations and policies to control greenhouse gas emissions from energy facilities, regulators and policymakers should require proposed energy facilities to undergo a lifecycle greenhouse gas analysis. Scientific research demonstrates that a significant portion of the total emissions from a particular facility occur upstream or throughout the lifecycle of the resource production process. A lifecycle greenhouse gas analysis, therefore, will ensure that the total consequences of a particular facility or energy resource will be taken into account. In addition, such an analysis would help identify cost-effective opportunities to reduce emissions. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has an opportunity to require lifecycle analysis for energy facilities as it crafts new Clean Air Act regulations to control greenhouse gas emissions. Congress has recognized the value of lifecycle analysis in the Renewable Fuels Standard, which now affirmatively requires EPA to conduct lifecycle analysis for certain biofuels. This Note considers whether EPA also has the authority to require proposed energy facilities subject to Clean Air Act's pre-construction review to undergo a similar analysis. Reviewing the provisions of the Clean Air Act that govern emissions from energy facilities, this Note concludes that EPA does have the authority to require lifecycle greenhouse gas analysis for proposed energy facilities.
Outpatient parathyroidectomy in the pediatric population: An 18-year experience.

Abstract Background Parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is safely performed in the outpatient setting in the adult population. However, concern that children and adolescents have higher complication rates and are unable to recognize and communicate symptoms of hypocalcemia has limited same-day discharges in the pediatric population. Methods Nineteen patients aged 8–18 years (14.1 ± 0.7) underwent outpatient parathyroidectomy for pHPT by a single high-volume endocrine surgeon from 2002–2020. Patient demographics, disease, operations, and complications were reviewed. Results Sixteen of 19 patients were symptomatic with fatigue (62.5%), joint pain (37.5%) and nephrolithiasis (18.7%) most common. Mean preoperative Ca and PTH were 11.7 ± 0.3 mg/dL and 102.3 ± 11.8pg/mL, respectively. Ten of 19 had a single adenoma and 9 had multigland hyperplasia including one MEN1 and one MEN2A patient. We performed 11 four-gland explorations, 8 unilateral parathyroidectomies; including 9 transcervical thymectomies, 1 total thyroidectomy, and 1 bilateral central neck dissection. Mean 6-month postoperative Ca and PTH levels were 9.5 ± 0.3 mg/dL (range 7.3–10.3) and 29±5.0pg/mL (range 6.3–77), respectively. One patient developed permanent hypoparathyroidism and 1 had temporary hypocalcemia. No temporary or permanent hoarseness, unplanned same-day admission, wound complications, or Emergency Department visits occurred. Conclusion Outpatient parathyroidectomy can be safely and effectively performed in pediatric patients with primary HPT. Level of Evidence Treatment Study, Level III.
Exploring the Performance Consequences of Target Prevalence and Ecological Display Designs When Using an Automated Aid

Human operators do not necessarily perform better when receiving assistance from an automated aid than without the automated aid. The current work explored the impact of integrating the automated aid with the task information in low prevalence conditions. Specifically, we compared displays where the automated aid was integrated with task information in general or with another visual decision support aid. Subjects performed a speeded judgment task with the assistance of an automated aid, varying in display type, difficulty, and prevalence. Results indicated that participants performed less efficiently with the automated relative to without and that there was no added benefit of the visual decision support in terms of response times. Both decision supports improved participant’s sensitivity over no support, which may be beneficial for weakening the performance consequences of the low prevalence effect. Unexpectedly, we found that participants’ performance with each display was strongly dependent on when they experienced each display. It is possible that participants might be using strategies that complement one display over another, depending on the condition they see first. Automated aids could be used in real-world contexts to alleviate the effects of low target prevalence; however, the effectiveness may depend on experience with other interfaces.
Molecular Differences in Skeletal Muscle After 1 Week of Active vs. Passive Recovery From High-Volume Resistance Training.

ABSTRACT Vann, CG, Haun, CT, Osburn, SC, Romero, MA, Roberson, PA, Mumford, PW, Mobley, CB, Holmes, HM, Fox, CD, Young, KC, and Roberts, MD. Molecular differences in skeletal muscle after 1 week of active vs. passive recovery from high-volume resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2102-2113, 2021-Numerous studies have evaluated how deloading after resistance training (RT) affects strength and power outcomes. However, the molecular adaptations that occur after deload periods remain understudied. Trained, college-aged men (n = 30) performed 6 weeks of whole-body RT starting at 10 sets of 10 repetitions per exercise per week and finishing at 32 sets of 10 repetitions per exercise per week. After this period, subjects performed either active (AR; n = 16) or passive recovery (PR; n = 14) for 1 week where AR completed ∼15% of the week 6 training volume and PR ceased training. Variables related to body composition and recovery examined before RT (PRE), after 6 weeks of RT (POST), and after the 1-week recovery period (DL). Vastus lateralis (VL) muscle biopsies and blood samples were collected at each timepoint, and various biochemical and histological assays were performed. Group × time interactions (p PR at POST and DL) and 20S proteasome activity (post-hoc tests revealed no significance in groups over time). Time effects (P PRE &D L), VL pressure to pain threshold and MHC-IIx mRNA (PRE&DL > POST), Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 mRNA (PRE POST & DL). No interactions or time effects were observed for barbell squat velocity, various hormones, histological metrics, polyubiquitinated proteins, or phosphorylated/pan protein levels of 4E-BP1, p70S6k, and AMPK. One week of AR after a high-volume training block instigates marginal molecular differences in skeletal muscle relative to PR. From a practical standpoint, however, both paradigms elicited largely similar responses.
Revisiting Redistricting: Who Should be afraid of Partisan Mapmaking?

Delving into the complicated and often politically fraught process of redrawing electoral district boundaries after each decennial census, this chapter examines whether there is evidence that the purportedly gerrymandered maps played a role in the 2012 election. Using the 2012 U.S. House election, the authors reveal why partisan control of the process should be regarded with suspicion. For the first time since 1970, Illinois did not have divided government in the first session following a census and reapportionment, and thus Democrats were free to draw any maps they liked. • After Illinois lost a House seat due to reapportionment, the Democrat-drawn map ensured that Republican incumbents faced fewer familiar voters than Democrats. The new district map produced fewer competitive seats, most of which lean to the Democrats, providing Democratic U.S. House candidates in Illinois a clear advantage. • Nineteen states, including Illinois, gave complete control to one party or the other in 2011 U.S. House redistricting. Republicans controlled redistricting in 14 states having 164 seats, while Democrats did so in only five states, having a mere 42 seats. • When one party drew the new U.S. House map in a state after the 2010 census, that party did comparatively well in 2012. Parties that gained control of redistricting in 2011, not having had it in 2001, seem to have engineered larger swings in their own favor. The Founders created a separation-of powers system in part to prevent large waves of enthusiasm from being too quickly translated into policy. They feared excessive volatility and valued deliberation. The House Republican majority in Congress will presumably require a Democratic president and a Democratic Senate to negotiate and compromise on policy. We take this argument seriously, and our purpose in this chapter is not to denounce Democratic control of the Illinois U.S. House delegation or Republican control of the U.S. House. But as we emphasized at the outset, it is, in the end, difficult to defend electoral maps that are expressly designed to exaggerate partisan advantages and insulate elected officials from public sentiment. Any electoral system involving single-member districts will have some redistricting effects. However, these can be small when the lines are not driven almost exclusively by partisan considerations.
MOSCATO: A Supervised Approach for Analyzing Multi-Omic Single-Cell Data

Abstract Advancements in genomic sequencing continually improve personalized medicine in complex diseases. Recent breakthroughs generate multiple types of signatures (or multi-omics) from each cell, producing different data ‘omic’ types per single-cell experiment. We introduce MOSCATO, a technique for selecting features across multi-omic single-cell datasets that relate to clinical outcomes. For example, we leverage penalization concepts often used in multi-omic network analytics to accommodate the high-dimensionality where multiple-testing is likely underpowered. We organize the data into multi-dimensional tensors where the dimensions correspond to the different ‘omic’ types. Using the outcome and the single-cell tensors, we perform regularized tensor regression to return a variable set for each ‘omic’ type that forms the clinically-associated network. Robustness is assessed over simulations based on available single-cell simulation methods. Real data comparing healthy subjects versus subjects with leukemia is also considered in order to identify genes associated with the disease. The flexibility of our approach enables future extensions on distributional assumptions and covariate adjustments. This algorithm may identify clinically-relevant genetic patterns on a cellular-level that span multiple layers of sequencing data and ultimately inform highly precise therapeutic targets in complex diseases. Code to perform MOSCATO and replicate the real data application is publicly available on GitHub at https://github.com/lorinmil/MOSCATO and https://github.com/lorinmil/MOSCATOLeukemiaExample.
In the Pursuit of Privacy: The Promises and Predicaments of Federated Learning in Healthcare.

Artificial Intelligence and its subdomain, Machine Learning (ML), have shown the potential to make an unprecedented impact in healthcare. Federated Learning (FL) has been introduced to alleviate some of the limitations of ML, particularly the capability to train on larger datasets for improved performance, which is usually cumbersome for an inter-institutional collaboration due to existing patient protection laws and regulations. Moreover, FL may also play a crucial role in circumventing ML’s exigent bias problem by accessing underrepresented groups’ data spanning geographically distributed locations. In this paper, we have discussed three FL challenges, namely: privacy of the model exchange, ethical perspectives, and legal considerations. Lastly, we have proposed a model that could aide in assessing data contributions of a FL implementation. In light of the expediency and adaptability of using the Sorensen–Dice Coefficient over the more limited (e.g., horizontal FL) and computationally expensive Shapley Values, we sought to demonstrate a new paradigm that we hope, will become invaluable for sharing any profit and responsibilities that may accompany a FL endeavor.
Sparse-PE: A Performance-Efficient Processing Engine Core for Sparse Convolutional Neural Networks

Sparse convolutional neural network (CNN) models reduce the massive compute and memory bandwidth requirements inherently present in dense CNNs without a significant loss in accuracy. Sparse CNNs, however, present their own set of challenges including non-linear data accesses and complex design of CNN processing elements (PEs). Recently proposed accelerators like SCNN, Eyeriss v2, and SparTen, exploit the two-sided sparsity, that is, sparsity in both the input activations and weights to accelerate the CNN inference. These, accelerators, however, suffer from a multitude of problems that limit their applicability, such as inefficient micro-architecture (SCNN, Eyeriss v2), complex PE design (Eyeriss v2), no support for non-unit stride convolutions (SCNN) and FC layers (SparTen, SCNN). To address these issues in contemporary sparse CNN accelerators, we propose Sparse-PE , a multi-threaded, and flexible CNN PE, capable of handling both the dense and sparse CNNs. The Sparse-PE core uses binary mask representation and actively skips computations involving zeros and favors non-zero computations, thereby, drastically increasing the effective throughput and hardware utilization. Unlike previous designs, the Sparse-PE core is generic in nature and not targeted towards a specific accelerator, and thus, can also be used as a standalone sparse dot product compute engine. We evaluate the performance of the core using a custom built cycle accurate simulator. Our simulations show that the Sparse-PE core-based accelerator provides a performance gain of $12\times $ over a recently proposed dense accelerator (NeuroMAX). For sparse accelerators, it provides a performance gain of $4.2\times $ , $2.38\times $ , and $1.98\times $ over SCNN, Eyeriss v2, and SparTen, respectively.
The fixed factor proportions model of production and trade

Henry Thompson www.auburn.edu/~thomph1 thomph1@auburn.edu Auburn University Keio Economic Studies (2010) This paper reviews the model of production and trade with fixed input coefficients and more than a single factor of production, a model that may be underappreciated. This “fixed factor proportions” model is a bridge between the constant cost model with one input and the factor proportions model with two inputs. The direction of trade is determined by differences in technology or differences in factor abundance. With the same number of factors and products, the factor proportions theorems are identical. The paper also presents assumptions sufficient for tractable comparative static results with different numbers of factors and products.
More Free Logic

By a free logic is generally meant a variant of classical first-order logic in which constant terms may, under interpretation, fail to refer to individuals in the domain D over which the bound variables range, either because they do not refer at all or because they refer to individuals outside D. If D is identified with what is assumed by the given interpretation to exist, in accord with Quine’s dictum that “to be is to be the value of a [bound] variable,”1 then a free variation on classical semantics does not require that all constant terms refer to existents, and in this sense such terms lack existential import.
A Concurrent Brain-Machine Interface for Enhanced Sequential Motor Function

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) have largely been designed for performing single-targeted movements. However, many tasks involve planning a sequence of such targeted movements before execution. Hence a BMI that can concurrently decode the complete planned sequence before its execution can enable subjects to also perform these sequential movements. Moreover, such concurrent decoding may allow the BMI to consider the higher-level goal of the task to reformulate the motor plan and perform it more effectively. Here, we demonstrate that concurrent BMI decoding is possible. Using population-wide modeling, we discovered two distinct subpopulations of neurons in the rhesus monkey premotor cortex that allowed two planned targets of a sequential movement to be simultaneously held in working memory without degradation. Interestingly, this simultaneous representation occurred because each subpopulation encoded either only currently held or only newly added target information regardless of the exact sequence. Capitalizing on this stable representation, we developed a BMI that concurrently decodes a full motor sequence in advance of movement and can then accurately execute it as desired.
Three Degrees of Freedom in Neural Populations: Arousal, Learning, and Bistability

Brain dynamists aim to understand the mechanisms by which neurons in brains organize and coordinate their activity in the genesis and guidance of behavior. To that end we measure the activity of parts of brains that are accessible to us, and simultaneously the behaviors of our subjects. Then we calculate statistical relationships between the two sets of data. My problem was that the prepyriform generator seemed to be involved in all forms of goal-directed behavior, but in ways that seemed non-specific. What did it contribute? Since I had learned that it could operate as a nearly autonomous subsystem in brains of small mammals, I decided to turn it loose, so to speak, and determine what it would do. I did this by using the evoked potential technique in animals trained to perform goal-directed tasks that relied on the olfactory system in preference to other senses. I used the electrical pulse to perturb the cortex, so that I could measure the path that it followed in relaxing to its pre-stimulus condition, and I inferred the degrees of freedom in respect to behavior by noting the differences in the return path that accompanied modifications in behavior.
Is Helicobacter Pylori Associated with an Increased Complication Rate after Sleeve Gastrectomy

Introduction: Few studies have reported the prevalence and consequences of infection with Helicobacter pylori among obese patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy. This study reviewed whether infection with H. pylori has any association with postoperative complications. This study also examined whether there was any difference in postoperative percent excess weight loss (%EWL). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, the pathology reports of 400 patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy between 2008 and 2013 at the authors' institution were reviewed. Data examined included the demographics, perioperative and postoperative complications, and %EWL in the follow-up period. Results: In 68 of 400 patients (17%), H. pylori was positive in the specimen. In the H. pylori negative group, 332 patients were eligible for follow-up. No perioperative and postoperative (30 days) complications were registered in the H. pylori positive group. There was one postoperative leak in the H. pylori negative group. No o...
Vergleich von Techniken des Mittelgesichtsliftings

Dem Mittelgesicht wird in der Literatur der plastischen Chirurgie in jungerer Zeit erhohte Aufmerksamkeit zuteil. Im vorliegenden Beitrag erlautern die Autoren ihre Vorstellungen von und Erfahrungen zur Funktionsweise von Mittelgesichtsliftings. Sie stellen die masgebliche Anatomie des Mittelgesichts sowie die verschiedenen chirurgischen Vorgehensweisen vor, welche bei der Verschonerung und Verjungung der Mittelgesichtsregion Anwendung finden. Durchgangig lasst sich feststellen, dass Eingriffe, welche spezifisch das Mittelgesicht behandeln, nur fur eine begrenzte Patientenauswahl zu empfehlen sind. Werden Mittelgesichtsliftings bei Patienten fortgeschrittenen Alters angewandt, mussen in der Regel zusatzliche Masnahmen erfolgen, um ein gutes Ergebnis zu erzielen. Ein High-SMAS-Face-Lift, evtl. auch unterstutzt durch eine Fillerbehandlung oder einen Eigenfettaufbau, ist oftmals das Verfahren der Wahl, um storende Altersveranderungen des Gesichts zu korrigieren. Wird das subkutane muskuloaponeurotische System (SMAS) bis oberhalb des Jochbeins mobilisiert und fixiert, ergeben sich daraus weitere Moglichkeiten zu einer sehr guten Verbesserung des Aussehens des Patienten.
Pattern Matching in Compressed Texts

We consider the problem of pattern matching when the text is in compressed form. As in Amir, Benson and Farach, we assume that the text is compressed by the Lempel-Ziv-Welch scheme. If the compressed text is of length n and the pattern is of length of m, our basic compression algorithm runs in O(n+m√m log m) steps, as against Amir, et al's bound of O(n+m2) steps. We extend the basic algorithm into another that achieves, for any k ≥1, O(nk+m1+1/k log m) steps.
American Indian Tribes in the United States: A Strange Situation

Even though the opinion of Chief Justice John Marshall in Cherokee v. Georgia is nearly 200 years old, itremains a strong influence on making indigenous policy to this day. For over a century, Democrat andRepublican legislators alike - at the federal and the state level - have thought of American Indian peoplesas “domestic dependent nations.” This definition was used as a pretext to displace, separate andeliminate indigenous identity altogether until civil rights movements of the middle twentieth centurycaused a shift in policy. However, the political framework and discourse established during these yearsas remained pervasive in dealing with American Indian tribes, most of whom are struggling to establish(or re-establish) their autonomy in the contemporary world. This paper examines the place of indigenous peoples in the United States, with a special emphasison the legalities of the issue. Starting with the geographical implications of reservation, removal andtermination policies, we take a look at how they can be directly related to the dire situation we knowtoday. With support from geopolitical theories, we in turn examine the current issues in Indian countrysuch as land restoration, membership or citizenship issues as well as cultural preservation for attemptsto solve the question of what it means to be an Indian in the twenty-first century, and how to put NativeAmerica back on the map.