cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Late-time cosmological phase transitions: Particle-physics models and cosmic evolution.

We described a natural particle physics basis for late-time phase transitions in the universe. Such a transition can seed the formation of large-scale structure while leaving a minimal imprint upon the microwave background anisotropy. The key ingredient is an ultra-light pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson with an astronomically large (O(kpc-Mpc)) Compton wavelength. We analyze the cosmological signatures of and constraints upon a wide class of scenarios which do not involve domain walls. In addition to seeding structure, coherent ultra-light bosons may also provide unclustered dark matter in a spatially flat universe, omega sub phi approx. = 1.
The Mindful Way Through the Semester An Investigation of the Effectiveness of an Acceptance-Based Behavioral Therapy Program on Psychological Wellness in First-Year Students

First-year students in higher education deal with an increasing number of mental health issues. Cost-effective and time-efficient programs that ease transitions and reduce risk of depression are needed. To date, programs informed by both cognitive-behavioral and acceptance-based-behavioral therapy (ABBT) approaches have produced some positive outcomes, but methodological limitations limit their utility. The aim of the present study was to address some of these limitations, by developing and preliminary testing the efficacy of a one-session ABBT intervention with first-year undergraduates and first-year law students. Ninety-eight first-year students were randomly assigned to receive either a single-session 90-min ABBT workshop within their first month of school or to a waitlist control condition. Students who received the intervention reported significantly less depression and more acceptance. Moreover, increase in acceptance over the course of the semester was associated with reductions in depression. Imp...
Effects of Three Vegetation Management Strategies on Shore-Flies (Diptera: Ephydridae) in Newly Constructed Treatment Wetlands

We tested the effects of three vegetation management strategies for constructed treatment wetlands on adult shore-fly (Diptera: Ephydridae) successional occurrence and emergence in southern California. Before flooding with effluent from a nearby wastewater treatment plant, eight 0.1-ha research cells were randomly assigned to (1) control cells which were burned to reduce the above ground plant biomass, (2) scoured cells which were burned and then scoured with a rock bucket attached to a backhoe, and (3) hummock cells which were burned and scoured before the placement of earthen mounds that provided shallow areas to concentrate vegetation growth within a small area. Emergence traps and pan traps were used simultaneously to capture adult Ephydridae from July 1998 to September 1999. Twenty-eight species of ephydrids from 23 genera were collected; the cumulative number of shore-fly taxa reached its maximum at 135 d after flooding, and exhibited a hyperbolic pattern over time. Only Brachydeutera sturtevanti Wirth differed significantly in its successional mean occurrence in pan traps among vegetation management treatments, being virtually absent from hummocked cells during 1998 but becoming one of the numerically dominant taxa in all treatments by August 1999. Both emergence and pan traps in the hummocked cells captured significantly fewer B. sturtevanti and Notiphila spp. in the other treatments during 1998, but there were no differences in numbers collected among the vegetation management treatments during 1999. Vegetation management significantly slowed the appearance of Ephydridae in constructed treatment wetlands, but only a short period of time (<1 yr) was needed for traps in all treatment cells to capture statistically equal numbers of individuals.
SINGLE BOOK REVIEWS

Handbook of Oral History. Thomas L. Charlton. Lois E. Myers, and Rebecca Sharpless, eds. Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press, 2006. 625 pp.
Genetic diversity in migratory bats: Results from RADseq data for three tree bat species at an Ohio windfarm

Genetic analyses can identify the scale at which wildlife species are impacted by human activities, and provide demographic information useful for management. Here, we use thousands of nuclear DNA genetic loci to assess whether genetic structure occurs within Lasiurus cinereus (Hoary Bat), L. borealis (Red Bat), and Lasionycteris noctivagans (Silver-Haired Bat) bats found at a wind turbine site in Ohio, and to also estimate demographic parameters in each of these three groups. Our specific goals are to: 1) demonstrate the feasibility of isolating RADseq loci from these tree bat species, 2) test for genetic structure within each species, including any structure that may be associated with time (migration period), and 3) use coalescent-based modeling approaches to estimate genetically-effective population sizes and patterns of population size changes over evolutionary timescales. Thousands of loci were successfully genotyped for each species, demonstrating the value of RADseq for generating polymorphic loci for population genetic analyses in these bats. There was no evidence for genetic differentiation between groups of samples collected at different times throughout spring and fall migration, suggesting that individuals from each species found at the wind facility are from single panmictic populations. Estimates of present-day effective population sizes varied across species, but were consistently large, on the order of 10(5)-10(6). All populations show evidence of expansions that date to the Pleistocene. These results, along with recent work also suggesting limited genetic structure in bats across North America, argue that additional biomarker systems such as stable-isotopes or trace elements should be investigated as alternative and/or complementary approaches to genetics for sourcing individuals collected at single wind farm sites.
The narcissometer: an apparatus for quantification of "self-preoccupation".

A task requires a visual fixation point incompatible with that for S's mirror image of his own face. Time on target, recorded as optokinetic nystagmus, is proposed as a distraction index.
Bile Salt-Induced Permeability Changes in the Isolated Rat Intestine

SummaryPhysiologic concentrations of the conjugated bile salt, sodium taurodeoxycholate, markedly increased the permeability of the everted rat small intestine to salicylate ion. Addition of egg lecithin or oleic acid and glyceryl monooleate to the medium diminished this effect and prevented changes in the gross appearance of the intestinal mucosa which occurred when the isolated intestine was exposed to the bile salt alone.
Swipe out Stroke: Feasibility and efficacy of using a smart-phone based mobile application to improve compliance with weight loss in obese minority stroke patients and their carers.

RationaleSwipe out Stroke (SOS) examines the use of a smartphone-based mobile application to reduce obesity in high-risk minority stroke patients. At record-high levels in the United States, obesit...
229 TUBERCULOSIS DIAGNOSIS AT DEATH AT AN URBAN MEDICAL CENTER: MISSED OPPORTUNITIES.

Background Tuberculosis (TB) cases in the United States are concentrated among underserved populations in the inner city. Grady Memorial Hospital (GMH) cares for 80% of patients with TB in Atlanta and 20% of all TB cases in Georgia. An unfortunate consequence of late diagnosis is that some patients are initially diagnosed with TB very late in their disease process, resulting in an unacceptably high mortality rate shortly thereafter. Regretfully, TB is sometimes diagnosed postmortem. Delayed diagnosis has major public health implications with regard to the persistent transmission of TB in the community and in hospital settings. Methods As part of a larger TB mortality study, we identified patients seen at Grady Memorial Hospital, a 1,000-bed inner-city university-affiliated public hospital in Atlanta, GA, who were diagnosed with TB postmortem by performing a retrospective review of medical records from June 1993 to June 2004. Death at diagnosis was confirmed by postmortem culture results, autopsy findings, and/or dying within 72 hours of presentation. Results In a preliminary study, over an 11-year period, 20 cases of missed diagnoses of TB were identified. All of the patients were African American, 13 (65%) were male, and the mean age at death was 47.8 (range 24-81). Eighteen (90%) were culture confirmed, whereas 2 (10%) were clinical cases. Of these 18, 13 (72%) had pulmonary TB, whereas 5 had extrapulmonary TB; among these 5, 4 had disseminated TB, whereas 1 had pleural. Five (25%) cases were identified at autopsy. Eleven (55%) were HIV positive with a mean CD4 of 89.8, median 51.5 (range 8-290). Eight (40%) patients were in the ICU, and 6 of the 8 (75%) were on ventilators. Radiologic findings at admission (n = 18) were as follows: miliary (2, 11%), interstitial (5, 28%), cavitary (1, 0.06%), lobar infiltrate (1, 0.06%), pleural effusion (8, 44%), and normal (1, 0.06%). Despite radiologic findings and admission diagnoses of AIDS, pneumonia, weight loss, or dyspnea, TB was considered for 8 patients and only 6 received presumptive therapy within 72 hours prior to death. Conclusions In areas of high prevalence, TB is frequently underdiagnosed. Furthermore, given the protean clinical features of TB and its ability to mimic other diseases, its diagnosis may be missed or overlooked. Our results demonstrate that in many cases, TB is diagnosed late or even at autopsy. Among these cases, there were many missed opportunities to diagnose and treat TB. Clinicians treating patients with TB risk factors should have a low threshold of suspicion in diagnosing TB and should consider treating empirically while awaiting the results of smears, cultures, and molecular tests in some cases.
Adding Nitrogen Compound to Optimize the Extraction of Lycopene

Lycopene can prevent and cure cancere and cardiovascular disease and has a good prospect in medicine and functional food market.The impact of nitrogen compound on the biosynthesis of lycopene in fruit homogenate was studied in order to improve the lycopene output and reduce the production costs.The different kinds of nitrogen compounds were choosen at first.The best condition was ammonia sulfate and TBHQ added to the tomato homogenate until the final concentrations to 2.0% and 0.03% at 25℃ for 60min.The content of lycopene in its ethyl acetate extraction increased 46.2%.
Effect of anti-epileptic drugs on expression of Oatp2 in brain and liver of rats

AIM:To investigate the effects of valproate(VPA),carbamazepine(CBZ) and phenytoin(PHT) on the expression of Oatp2 in brain and liver of normal and spontaneous epileptic(SE) rats.METHODS:Chronic SE was elicited after status epilepsy induced by lithium-pilocarpine in adult Wistar rats.The rats received the administration of therapeutic dose of anti-epileptic drugs [VPA 187.5 mg/(kg·d),CBZ 125mg/(kg·d),PHT 62.5 mg/(kg·d)]for 4 weeks.Expression of Oatp2 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot analysis and mRNA by using RT-PCR.RESULTS:① In the brain,the Oatp2 immunopositive cells were observed in the brain capillary endothelium and choroids plexus epithelium.Compared to normal control group,Oatp2 protein expression was significantly decreased in SE group and AEDs-treated group.The Oatp2 mRNA in SE group and AEDs-treated groups displayed no change.② In the liver,Oatp2 was detected in the hepatocytes.Compared with normal control group,the expression of Oatp2 protein and mRNA increased in SE+CBZ,NS+CBZ,SE+PHT and NS+PHT groups,and decreased in SE+VPA and NS+VPA groups.No change was observed in SE group.CONCLUSION:AEDs down-regulate Oatp2 expression level in brain.However,AEDs are likely to be the main determinant in changing the expression level of Oatp2 in liver.
Work-in-progress: Automated named entity extraction for tracking censorship of current events

Tracking Internet censorship is challenging because what content the censors target can change daily, even hourly, with current events. The process must be automated because of the large amount of data that needs to be processed. Our focus in this paper is on automated probing of keyword-based Internet censorship, where natural language processing techniques are used to generate keywords to probe for censorship with. In this paper we present a named entity extraction framework that can extract the names of people, places, and organizations from text such as a news story. Previous efforts to automate the study of keyword-based Internet censorship have been based on semantic analysis of existing bodies of text, such as Wikipedia, and so could not extract meaningful keywords from the news to probe with. We have used a maximum entropy approach for named entity extraction, because of its flexibility. Our preliminary results suggest that this approach gives good results with only a rudimentary understanding of the target language. This means that the approach is very flexible, and while our current implementation is for Chinese we anticipate that extending the framework to other languages such as Arabic, Farsi, and Spanish will be straightforward because of the maximum entropy approach. In this paper we present some testing results as well as some preliminary results from probing China’s GET request censorship and search engine filtering using this framework.
Neurofibroma involving the penis in a child.

Abstract We report an unusual case of penile neurofibroma. These tumors of perineural and Schwann’s cell origin can occur anywhere but have been reported to arise from the penis only 1 time previously.
Design and evaluation of an Orbital Debris Remediation system

Over the last 10 years the number of satellites has grown 59% from 819 to 1305, and revenues have risen 92% from $105.5 billion to $203 billion. Threatening this industrial sector is orbital debris, including rocket bodies and defunct satellites. Current orbital debris mass ranges from 10 cm in diameter will have grown to over 15,000 by year 2100. This paper describes an analysis of the Utility vs. Life-cycle Cost for seven Active Debris Removal (ADR) design alternatives with the goal of removing five space debris objects per year for ten years. The Design Alternatives include three physical capture mechanisms, (1) a robotic arm, (2) throw net, and (3) harpoon, and four contactless capture mechanisms, (4) COBRA IRIDES, (5) three-coordinated electromagnetic spacecraft, (6) eddy currents, and the (7) ElectroDynamic Debris Eliminator (EDDE). The Utility Analysis considered the attributes of Performance, Risk, and Political Viability, each further decomposed into sub-attributes. Performance included measures of effectiveness and delta-v cost. Effectiveness is determined via linear decreasing functions for mass E(x) = 1 − max-x/max-min, and exponential decreasing functions for velocity and rotation, E(x) = e−λx, where λ=mean value (velocity or rotation) acceptable. Delta-v cost is determined by calculating the fuel burns required to change velocity in order to maneuver between derelicts: ΔV = Σ|Vi-Vj|, ∀ i, ∀ j, i ≠ j, where Vi is the velocity of derelict i and Vj is the velocity of derelict j. The throw net has the highest overall utility, but the harpoon has the highest utility per dollar. Reducing the cost of the net by a factor of 10 would make it more competitive with the throw net. In addition, a significant weight of the utility stems from the political viability of the design. If the viability of any of the designs could be improved, then they would quickly become a contender for the optimal design.
Ultrathin Colloidal Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanowires

Highly uniform single crystal ultrathin CsPbBr3 nanowires (NWs) with diameter of 2.2 ± 0.2 nm and length up to several microns were successfully synthesized and purified using a catalyst-free colloidal synthesis method followed by a stepwise purification strategy. The NWs have bright photoluminescence (PL) with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of about 30% after surface treatment. Large blue-shifted UV–vis absorption and PL spectra have been observed due to strong two-dimensional quantum confinement effects. A small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) pattern shows the periodic packing of the ultrathin NWs along the radial direction, demonstrates the narrow radial distribution of the wires, and emphasizes the deep intercalation of the surfactants. Despite the extreme aspect ratios of the ultrathin NWs, their composition and the resulting optical properties can be readily tuned by an anion-exchange reaction with good morphology preservation. These bright ultrathin NWs may be used as a model system to stu...
Behavior of Water in 3-D Confinement: Implications for Macromolecular Function

It has long been known that water near surfaces and in channels behaves in some significant ways differently from bulk water. In this work we report on computational studies of water in 3-D confinement. The long-range goal of the work is to elucidate the extent to which confinement in nanoscale cavities in biological cells modifies macromolecular function through modification of the solvation environmentl, leading to differences between in vivo and in vitro behavior. The systems we explore consist of cavities of various sizes computationally “carved out” of a block of amorphous silica and filled with water. Because of evidence that both polar-lined and non-polar lined cavities exist in biological cells, we explore both polar and nonpolar cavities by adjusting the partial charges on the atoms in the silica molecules. In polar cavities, with diameters ranging from 0.8 nm-2.8 nm, water exhibits limited translational and rotational motion, compared to bulk. This emerges from hydrogen bonding between water molecules and the cavity surface. In non-polar cavities, translational motion is low but rotational diffusion is anomalously high relative to bulk. At a critical diameter of 1.2 nm, the water freezes into an immobile block. We note this is the same diameter at which our group observed anomalous freezing in carbon nanotubes. However the structure of the water frozen by 3-D confinement is more complex than the anomalously frozen water in the nanotube. In ongoing related work we are exploring structure and dynamics of waters of solvation around proteins, and the proteins themselves, in bulk and confined in cavities.
Update on Breast Cancer Risk Reduction Therapy

In women at increased risk of breast cancer age ≥35 years, the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) tamoxifen should be discussed as an option to reduce the risk of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. In postmenopausal women, raloxifene, anastrozole, and exemestane should also be discussed as options for breast cancer risk reduction. Risk reduction with SERMs continues for at least 10 years in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Tamoxifen is not recommended for women with a history of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolus, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or during prolonged immobilization. Chemoprevention with a SERM may be particularly beneficial to women with atypical hyperplasia, a 5-year risk of more than 5 %, in women with increased mammographic density, or in women with lobular carcinoma in situ. Aromatase inhibitor therapy is of value in high-risk postmenopausal women. Toxicity with tamoxifen is minimal in premenopausal women and is less with either raloxifene or an aromatase inhibitor in postmenopausal women.
Can We Accelerate the Path towards Therapy for Amyloid-Related Diseases?

Aging is a growing problem in the developed and developing world. As life span has been increasing steadily over the last few decades and a large percentage of people live into the 9th and 10th decade of their life, the prevalence of aging-related diseases has been growing steadily, posing new challenges to healthcare systems and economies around the world. These changes have come about thanks to large strides in medical development, which allows people to survive diseases that used to be major causes of mortality in the past. Though antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains are a growing threat, most common infectious diseases can be treated effectively, many can be cured. Multiple types of cancers that used to be considered as a death sentence a decade or two ago now can be treated and often cured. AIDS is significantly more manageable today than it was a decade ago. However, with the increase in life span, a class of diseases for which currently there is no cure has emerged as a major threat particularly among the elderly – diseases called amyloidoses, which are characterized by aberrant protein folding and aggregation.
Think globally, act locally: neighbourhood pollution and the future of the earth

ABSTRACTEach year governments and industry around the globe spend billions of dollars in search of treatments and cures for diseases that shorten lives, which often means gadgets, implants, radiation and pills. These “cures”, do not get to the root of the problem. Perhaps it is time for us to adjust our thinking to be more proactive instead of reactive in public health. Perhaps we need to consider confronting environmental pollution of air, soil and water at a local level. As the Physicians for Social Responsibility point out, we should be “preventing what we cannot cure”. One such preventive measure is ensuring that our communities, including our poor inner-city neighbourhoods, enjoy a clean environment. We challenge local and national policy-makers to respond to the global call and to take action to address environmental toxins; to take local action to ameliorate the pollution of the air, water and soil in so many of our nation’s neighbourhoods. A person’s neighbourhood, and the proximity of dangerous e...
How Cancer Cells Become Resistant to Cationic Lytic Peptides: It’s the Sugar!

In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Ishikawa et al. (2017) demonstrate that the loss of cell-surface anionic saccharides can impart resistance toward anticancer peptides. This study provides the first insight into potential resistance mechanisms toward cationic lytic peptides and highlights the important, yet previously unappreciated, role cell-surface glycans can play in cellular resistance mechanisms.
Complete Visibility for Mobile Agents with Lights Tolerating a Faulty Agent

We consider the distributed setting of N autonomous mobile agents that operate in Look-Compute-Move (LCM) cycles and communicate with other agents using colored lights (the agents with lights model). We study the fundamental COMPLETE VISIBILITY problem of repositioning N agents on a plane so that each agent is visible to all others. We assume obstructed visibility under which an agent cannot see another agent if a third agent is positioned between them on the straight line connecting them. We are interested in faulttolerant algorithms; all existing algorithms for this problem are not fault-tolerant. We study fault-tolerance with respect to failures on the mobility of agents. Therefore, any algorithm for COMPLETE VISIBILITY is required to provide visibility between all non-faulty agents, independently of the behavior of the faulty ones. We model mobility failures as crash faults in which each faulty agent is allowed to stop its movement at any time and, once the faulty agent stopped moving, that agent will remain stationary indefinitely. In this paper, we present and analyze an algorithm that solves COMPLETE VISIBILITY tolerating one crash-faulty agent in a system of N ≥ 3 agents.
Interface structures of ZnO/MoO3 and their effect on workfunction of ZnO surfaces from first principles calculations

Abstract Plane wave periodic Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate MoO 3 surfaces and MoO 3 /ZnO interfaces to understand the effect of transition metal oxide overlayers on the workfunction of ZnO surfaces. To construct computationally feasible interfaces with small lattice mismatches, a set of strain variables was introduced to measure the lattice mismatch of interface models. Based on this, the MoO 3 (0 1 0)/ZnO (0 0 0 1) interface was constructed and fully relaxed within DFT. In order to accurately predict the workfunction of the interface, pseudo-hydrogen atoms were introduced to compensate the net dipole moment of the ZnO slab with ( 0 0 0 1 ) / ( 0 0 0 1 ¯ ) terminations. The results show that the workfunction of ZnO ( 0 0 0 1 ) surface increased from 6.9 eV to 7.4 eV when it has one layer of MoO 3 (0 1 0) overlayer. However, with further increases of the MoO 3 slab thickness, no appreciable increase of workfunction was observed suggesting full coverage of a thin layer of transition metal oxide can be an effective way of increasing the workfunction of ZnO for display and flexible OLED applications.
Psychometrics of the AAN Caregiver Driving Safety Questionnaire and contributors to caregiver concern about driving safety in older adults.

Background:The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) updated their practice parameters in the evaluation of driving risk in dementia and developed a Caregiver Driving Safety Questionnaire, detailed in their original manuscript (Iverson Gronseth, Reger, Classen, Dubinsky, & Rizzo, 2010). They described four factors associated with decreased driving ability in dementia patients: history of crashes or citations, informant-reported concerns, reduced mileage, and aggressive driving.Method:An informant-reported AAN Caregiver Driving Safety Questionnaire was designed with these elements, and the current study was the first to explore the factor structure of this questionnaire. Additionally, we examined associations between these factors and cognitive and behavioral measures in patients with mild cognitive impairment or early Alzheimer's disease and their informants.Results:Exploratory factor analysis revealed a four-component structure, consistent with the theory behind the AAN scale composition. These four factor scores also were significantly associated with performance on cognitive screening instruments and informant reported behavioral dysfunction. Regressions revealed that behavioral dysfunction predicted caregiver concerns about driving safety beyond objective patient cognitive dysfunction.Conclusions:In this first known quantitative exploration of the scale, our results support continued use of this scale in office driving safety assessments. Additionally, patient behavioral changes predicted caregiver concerns about driving safety over and above cognitive status, which suggests that caregivers may benefit from psychoeducation about cognitive factors that may negatively impact driving safety.
Chapter 10 Complexity theoretic model theory and algebra

Publisher Summary This chapter explores recent results on complexity theoretic model theory and algebra. There are results in recursive model theory and algebra for which the natural complexity theoretic analogue is true, but it requires a more delicate proof that incorporates the resource bounds. There are also results in recursive model theory and algebra for which the natural complexity theoretic analogue is false because the proof of the recursive result uses the unbounded resources allowed in recursive constructions in a crucial way. However, there are a number of interesting new phenomena that arise because of the fact that not all infinite polynomial time sets are polynomial time isomorphic or the complexity theoretic results do not relativize as is the case for most recursion theoretic results. The chapter gives the basic complexity theoretic definitions, establishes notations, and gives a series of lemmas that are useful for building models. A survey of the main existence theorems for feasible models and various feasible categoricity results is presented in the chapter. The chapter discusses the complexity theoretic algebra, focusing on the structure of the binary and tally representation of an infinite dimensional vector space over a polynomial time field.
Statistical mechanics of topological fluctuations in glass-forming liquids

Abstract All liquids are topologically disordered materials, yet the degree of disorder can vary as a result of internal fluctuations in structure and topology. These fluctuations depend on both the composition and temperature of the system. Most prior work has considered the mean values of liquid or glass properties, such as the average number of topological degrees of freedom per atom; however, the localized fluctuations in properties also play a key role in governing the macroscopic characteristics. This paper proposes a generalized approach for modeling topological fluctuations in glass-forming liquids by linking the statistical mechanics of the disordered structure to topological constraint theory. In doing so we introduce the contributions of localized fluctuations into the calculation of the topological degrees of freedoms in the network. With this approach the full distribution of properties in the disordered network can be calculated as an arbitrary function of composition, temperature, and thermal history (for the nonequilibrium glassy state). The scope of the current investigation focuses on describing topological fluctuations in liquids, concentrating on composition and temperature effects.
Bioremediation Research Issues

Bioremediation is one of the most promising technologies on the horizon for more cost-effective cleanup of hazardous wastes. The basic concepts are not new. Bioremedial processes have been recognized and used for many decades. Most notable are the processes involved in wastewater and sewage treatments. Microbiologists have been familiar with biodegradation (organic breakdown) and bioconversion (action on inorganics) for nearly a century. The microbial actions involved in these processes have also been used extensively in the food processing industry—in the production of items such as beer, wine, yogurt, cheese, and sauerkraut—as well as in chemical science.
Social resource assessment: Application of a novel communication tool during hospital discharge.

Abstract Objective To evaluate an interactive tool designed to help patients communicate their social resources supportive of home recovery to health care providers. Methods Seventy medical and surgical inpatients completed the D-CEGRM social resource interview, demographic queries, and discharge readiness surveys (RHDS) at discharge. Two weeks later, patients completed post-discharge coping difficulty surveys (PDCDS). Nurses unassociated with patients’ clinical care reviewed structured clinical notes created from the D-CEGRM and categorized patients as likely to have “inadequate” or “adequate” supportive resources for home self-management. Nurse decision making was tracked using an adjudication process, and post-hoc comparisons in patient characteristics, RHDS, and PDCDS were conducted. Results Nurses categorized 36 patients (51%) as having inadequate resources. Number and accessibility of supports, presence of negative relationships, and previous struggles meeting health-related needs were important decision-making factors. Post-hoc comparisons revealed significant differences in demographic risk factors and discharge readiness ratings for those with inadequate vs. adequate resources. Conclusion The D-CEGRM may be an efficient tool for patients to communicate access to social resources, and an effective facilitator of transitional care planning. Practice Implications: The D-CEGRM may provide a useful assessment of patients’ home context and guide for transitional care planning.
Pathways to Leadership in Self-Managing Teams: A Longitudinal Investigation of Leadership Status

Team members may be both attributed leadership status in teams as well as achieve leadership status in teams. We examine these two pathways to leadership status as teams develop over time. Using a ...
Acute Kidney Injury: Definitions and Epidemiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) could be community acquired or hospital acquired and is ubiquitous in the pediatric population, affecting one in three hospitalized children. Critically ill patients have the highest risk factors for AKI development and suffer severe consequences including increased mortality and new disability. Definition of AKI can impact detection and adjudication, and severity determines outcomes. Here, we review the current available AKI definitions, highlighting inherent differences. Then we provide a brief overview of the diagnostic approach to AKI in the pediatric intensive care unit.
Tinkertoys for the D N series

We describe a procedure for classifying 4D $ \mathcal{N} $ = 2 superconformal theories of the type introduced by Davide Gaiotto. Any punctured curve, C, on which the 6D (2, 0) SCFT is compactified, may be decomposed into 3-punctured spheres, connected by cylinders. The 4D theories, which arise, can be characterized by listing the “matter” theories corresponding to 3-punctured spheres, the simple gauge group factors, corresponding to cylinders, and the rules for connecting these ingredients together. Different pants decompositions of C correspond to different S-duality frames for the same underlying family of 4D $ \mathcal{N} $ = 2 SCFTs. In a previous work [1], we developed such a classification for the A N −1 series of 6D (2, 0) theories. In the present paper, we extend this to the D N series. We outline the procedure for general D N , and construct, in detail, the classification through D 4. We discuss the implications for S-duality in Spin(8) and Spin(7) gauge theory, and recover many of the dualities conjectured by Argyres and Wittig [2].
The Not-So-Global Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent Signal.

Abstract Global signal regression is a controversial processing step for resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, partly because the source of the global blood oxygen level-dependent (B...
PCB Hardware Trojans: Attack Modes and Detection Strategies

Ensuring security of electronic hardware has recently attracted much attention. While a majority of the work in this domain has focused on integrated circuits, printed circuit boards are just as susceptible to unwanted and unauthorized modifications during their manufacturing. Prior work in this domain has shown some examples of failures that can stem from intentional and unintentional board-level modifications. In this paper, we provide an in-depth analysis of previously unexplored board-level modifications and show that a number of attack modes cannot be detected using traditional methods. We also show that it is possible to detect attack modes that are most damaging to the board operation by redesigning the board with additional accessibility and adding specialized test sequences.
Mechanical circulatory support in children: past, present and future

Rapid advances in the field of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) have dramatically changed the management of pediatric patients with heart failure. There is now emphasis on timely implantation of ventricular assist devices (VADs) to preserve or recover end-organ function, and increased focus on post-implant management to improve the stroke rate. Transplant waitlist mortality has significantly decreased in the era of VAD use. Devices approved for adults are being used off-label in children with excellent outcomes, allowing chronic therapy and discharge home to become part of pediatric VAD therapy.
Psilocybin for depression: Considerations for clinical trial design

Background and aimsGiven the enormous global burden of depressive illness, there is an urgent need to develop novel and more effective treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD). Recent finding...
Email phishing and signal detection: How persuasion principles and personality influence response patterns and accuracy.

Abstract Phishing is a social engineering tactic where a malicious actor impersonates a trustworthy third party with the intention of tricking the user into divulging sensitive information. Previous social engineering research in a real-world setting has shown an interaction between the personality of the target and the persuasion principle used. This study investigated whether this interaction is present in the realm of email phishing. Additionally, a signal detection theory framework was used to evaluate how the various persuasion principles influence accuracy, sensitivity (d’), and response criterion placement. A personality inventory and an email identification task (phishing or legitimate) were used. These data support previous findings that high extroversion is predictive of increased susceptibility to phishing attacks. The various persuasions principles elicited diverse response criterions and sensitivities, though all investigated persuasion principles resulted in a liberal decision criterion, except one. These findings are interpreted and discussed.
Left Ventricular Strain and Progression of Hypertrophy in Danon Disease Cardiomyopathy: Insights from a Global Registry

Purpose Danon Disease (DD) is a rare X-linked disorder due to mutations in the Lysosomal Associated Membrane Protein 2 (LAMP-2) gene. Patients present with cardiac manifestations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The goal of this study is to characterize the longitudinal progression of hypertrophic phenotypes and descriptions of left ventricular strain in DD. Methods We created an international registry including 44 adult and pediatric patients with DD. A retrospective review of pre-transplant echocardiographic data was performed. Medical records were supplied by the patients/families. Results Of 44 patients with DD, longitudinal echocardiographic data from 30 patients were available. Of these, 15 patients (50%) were male. Mean age of diagnosis of cardiomyopathy was younger in males compared to females (10.6 vs 28.3 yrs, p = 0.0004). Baseline echocardiograms demonstrated generally preserved ejection fraction on initial echocardiogram in both males and females (64.9% vs 60.8%, p=0.458). However, baseline measures of left ventricular wall thickness was abnormal; IVSDd thickness and LVPWd thickness were elevated in both males and females [12.73 vs 10.73 mm (p=0.364) and 11.14 vs 10.82 mm (p=0.871), respectively]. LV strain analysis was performed in 12 patients (50% male) during baseline evaluation. Abnormal strain patterns were present in 10 (83.3%) patients. Global LV strain was reduced (mean 11.8%). Severely reduced strain patterns predominantly affected basal ventricular segments (mean 8.5%) with relative apical sparing (mean 16.6%). Mean longitudinal follow up time with echocardiography was 5.4 yrs. On follow up, males demonstrated greater LV hypertrophy compared to females [IVSDd 19.34 vs 14.74 mm (p=0.27), LVPW thickness 18.3 vs 11.3 mm (p=0.047)]. Conclusion Our data show DD affects males and females unequally. Males are more prone to develop severe HCM both earlier and more rapidly. Females exhibit variable presentation patterns with HCM or DCM, and disease course appears to be more protracted. Strain pattern in DD is similar to cardiac amyloid with overall reduction in global LV strain and relative apical sparing. Variability in presentation and lack of specific echocardiographic findings necessitates early clinical recognition and confirmatory genetic testing.
Biased signaling as allosteric probe dependence

Signaling 'bias' is a phenomenon whereby the natural allosteric probe dependence of seven transmembrane receptors allows different receptor conformations (stabilized by different agonists) to activate some signaling pathways (coupled to pleiotropically coupled receptors) more than others at the expense of those other pathways. There are a number of relevant scenarios where such an activity could be therapeutically beneficial therefore there are practical reasons why this property of receptors should be exploited. This paper discusses recent ideas around attempts to harness this potentially useful idea and also the limitations around the current methods available to do so. Specifically, the determination of a quantitative value for the receptor bias of a given agonist that may translate to useful in vivo has been particularly elusive and studies need to be directed to solving this problem.
Observations of LGBT-specific bullying at a state university

Purpose: This study conducts an analysis of the characteristics of undergraduate students who observed anti-LGBT behaviors on their campus. The study uses a data set collected from an LGBT Campus C...
Improving Exporting through Innovating in the Developing Country Context: An Abstract

Exporting is believed to hold the key to growth for developing countries, as exemplified by their government policies supporting firms to seek international markets. However, exporting leaves developing country firms vulnerable to the race-to-the-bottom, low-price, commodity game. As foreign buyers troll for bargains among indistinguishable offerings, developing country firms witness eroding margins and vanishing sales. Increasingly, these firms are turning to innovation to ensure long-term export sales by creating new products that are unique and provide higher value to international customers. But how can these businesses, with their weaker capabilities and hostile environments relative to developed country counterparts, pursue the innovating-for-exporting strategy? To address this question depth interviews were conducted with firms and experts in Romania, a country transitioning from totalitarian rule to a capitalist market economy. The Contingent Resource-Based View was then applied to the qualitative data set to identify the exogenous and endogenous determinants of the innovating-for-exporting strategy. A host of factors at managerial, organizational, national, regional, and global levels were found to drive pursuit of this strategy. The nested nature of these factors suggested they form complex and embedded impacts on whether and how developing country firms proceed with innovating for exporting. For instance, Romania was found to have a negative country image within Western Europe. This resulted in a bias that restricted the volume and nature of Romanian exports into the region despite economic and regulatory integration. To circumvent this constraint, Romanian companies developed new products for select markets outside the region, specifically markets with neutral to positive views of the country. Another finding is that after developing these innovations for international sales, firms were able to direct the new products to domestic markets. Hence innovations originally intended to shore up exporting produced the added benefit of new domestic audiences. Based on the findings, theoretical and managerial implications for developing country firms were formulated for the strategy of innovating to export.
Energy Management and Economics

Accurate estimation of the cost is possible by using techno economic analysis in planning and operation of energy production and usage toward proper energy management and economics. Inaccurate assumptions, scale-down/scale-up problems, noncompetitive utility costs, and waste treatment may lead to failures in employing the actual trend in energy management and cost estimations with projections for upscale energy management operations. Risk analysis and sensitivity analysis help operate large energy system investments successfully. In a comprehensive feasibility analysis, techno economic analysis is being complemented with sustainability metrics to account current socioeconomics, socio-ecology, and eco-economics changes. Besides, ‘Circular Economy’ is incorporated into sustainability through the element of economics as it replaces conventional linear economy by increasing efficiency in energy management, recycling, and reducing emissions.
Monolayer oscillations of the Sb desorption rate during molecular beam epitaxy of GaSb

Abstract In-situ desorption mass spectrometry (DMS) tool is used to report monolayer oscillations of the Sb desorption rate during molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of GaSb and GaInSb. Oscillations in the Sb desorption rate appear to be correlated to the variation in the surface-step-density that periodically changes the additional uptake and expulsion of Sb beyond the fixed rate of consumption. This notion is corroborated by comparing the Sb DMS signal to the time derivative of the specular RHEED beam intensity.
Free surface calculation of capillary spreading

A second generation finite difference method for treating free surface problems is described. Basically, a streamfunction-vorticity formulation for incompressible flow is used, but because of the free surface, a velocity potential function is also introduced. Surface momentum. equations are integrated to provide time dependent surface boundary conditions for the streamfunction and velocity potential. The numerical method is applied to spreading of liquids over no-slip surfaces and includes the full surface stress conditions.
The nature and function of repetitive dreams: a survey and speculation.

(1979). The Nature and Function of Repetitive Dreams: A Survey and Speculation. Psychiatry: Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 131-137.
Activation of latent bovine gingival collagenase.

Abstract Latent collagenase from primary cultures of bovine gingiva was activated by brief exposure to trypsin and to a lesser extent by thiocyanate. The data suggest that activation by trypsin involves two distinct mechanisms: release of collagenase activity from high molecular weight inhibitor complexes and activation of latent collagenase (possibly a procollagenase) of approximately the same molecular size as active collagenase. Inhibition experiments confirmed that collagenase activity can be recovered from inactive inhibitor complexes, formed by the addition of whole serum or α 2 -macroglobulin alone, after dialysis against thiocyanate or by brief exposure to trypsin.
A hierarchical symptom classification for model based causal reasoning

Model based causal reasoning has been widely used for physical systems diagnosis. The system fault is localized with the causal relation of system structure and behavior. In such applications, if the system fault is not localized with the observed behavior, then a subsequent observation is made. This research studies a hierarchical symptom classification for guiding a subsequent observation in model based causal reasoning. The diagnostic symptoms are mapped to the system functional hierarchy and the symptoms are classified by partitioning the functional hierarchy. The dependency relation of symptoms guides subsequent observation. This strategy enhances the control of subsequent observation by hierarchically structuring and classifying the symptoms.
Background Interference Procedure and Discriminant Function Analysis in Predicting Clinically Determined Categories of Learning Disability.

There is a need to determine the extent to which the "Background Interference Procedure" as an adjunct to the Bender-Gestalt can account for criterion variance beyond that level predicted by an optimal battery. Discriminant functions empirically classified subjects into clinical categories of learning disability. A reduced battery of intellective and visual-motor predictors generated two significant functions, accounting for 91% of the variance. The first dimension reflected over-all intellectual functioning, the second, psychomotor skills. Empirical classification accurately categorized 71% of all subjects across five criterion groups. The functions efficiently separated the criteria, but the six Background Interference Procedure predictor variables did not improve prediction. Implications include using the Background Interference Procedure for early screening of learning disabilities and employing discriminant functions for data reduction and construct validation of teachers' and judges' ratings.