cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies of the Coldest Brown Dwarfs with the James Webb Space Telescope

The coolest T and Y-class Brown Dwarf objects are very faint and are therefore very poorly understood, since they are barely detectable with the current astronomical instrumentation. The upcoming James Webb Space Telescope now in development for a launch in the Fall of 2018 will have vastly increased sensitivity in the near and mid-infrared compared to any current facilities and will not be affected by telluric absorption over its entire wavelength range of operations. As a result it will be an ideal tool to obtain information about the composition and temperature-pressure structure in these objects' atmospheres. This presentation will outline the JWST guaranteed time observing plans for these studies.
Unexpected Attitudinal Growth in a Course Combining Reformed Curricula.

Developing a deeper understanding of instructional practices that can improve student attitudes about learning.
US Business Schools in the 1980s—a Negative Scenario

The ‘business school’ is a unique American invention that, over the last 50 years, has become not only firmly institutionalised within the US university system, but now serves as its financial heart. The immense success of American business schools is attested to by swelling numbers of university students who major in business administration, and by lines of companies queueing up to hire their graduates. University professors outside the ubiquitous business school have learned to tolerate begrudgingly this ‘commercial eyesore’ because they know that its tuition revenues subsidise deficit ridden courses in Greek and history.
Violent Conjunctures in Democratic India: Movement Politics: Globalized Markets and Sacred Spaces

Understandings of social movements have changed dramatically from purportedly scientific but in fact heavily normative accounts that depicted mass action as anomic and irrational. Reification reached its peak in North American social science during the 1950s and 1960s when scholars made a sharp disciplinary and conceptual distinction between conventional and unconventional politics. William Gamson aptly notes, “Political science claimed ‘normal’ prescribed politics as its bailiwick, leaving social movements to the social psychologist whose intellectual tools prepare him to better understand the irrational.” Since the 1970s, social movement scholarship has taken several turns. First, the resource mobilization approach challenged assumptions about the irrational character of social movements by demonstrating the significance of their organizations, networks, and resources. Next, scholars argued that social movements emerge when political opportunities exist and sought to link the emergence and growth of social movements to changes in the political environment. Scholars then emphasized the cultural dimensions of protest by exploring how social movements framed their demands and drew upon earlier repertoires of contention. Social movements are collective actions that challenge authorities to effect change. Although their goals differ, many of their cultural repertoires are similar. They combine ideological appeals with symbolic acts and discourses to identify and interpret what they deem social injustice. Movements call on people to take personal risks even when the odds are against them. They crystallize deeply held identities and beliefs and simultaneously express popular anger, frustration, pride, and fear. They rouse people to action by providing them with a sense of efficacy, common purpose, and the possibility of a better, if idealized, world. They appeal to moral values to purify what is commonly seen as the dirty world of politics. Social movements are less constrained than parties in the ideologies they promote, the constituencies they represent, the demands they make, and the tactics and strategies they deploy. Social movements are simultaneously expressive and instrumental, and voluntaristic and organized. Their emotionally charged activity entails purposeful interactions with the state. David Meyer comments, “Unlike pigeons in Skinner's boxes, people who make movements are moral and instrumental actors, if not always narrowly ‘rational calculators.’” Movements often affirm established moral codes even as they question and subvert them.
Microangiopathy in the Experimentally Diabetic Animal

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses microangiopathy in an experimentally diabetic animal. The chapter presents an experiment in which control animals were studied from birth to 15 years of age. All were essentially normal, except for one animal that developed a severe illness with fever and marked proteinuria following anesthesia for tooth extraction. This animal showed a lesion of chronic glomerulonephritis when autopsied at 1½ years of age. Eight diabetic monkeys with a duration of diabetes in excess of 7 years showed significant diffuse glomerulosclerosis involving essentially all glomeruli. Approximately 50% of the animals showed arteriolar sclerosis of moderate degree. Electron microscopy of renal lesions revealed that the glomerulosclerosis was because of a proliferation of mesangial cells and the laying down of extensive quantities of basement membrane-like hyalinoid material in the mesangial areas in a manner and pattern identical to that seen in human diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
From Serendipity to Rational Design: Tuning the Blue Trigonal Bipyramidal Mn3+ Chromophore to Violet and Purple through Application of Chemical Pressure

We recently reported that an allowed d–d transition of trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) Mn3+ is responsible for the bright blue color in the YIn1–xMnxO3 solid solution. The crystal field splitting between a′(dz2) and e′(dx2–y2, dxy) energy levels is very sensitive to the apical Mn–O distance. We therefore applied chemical pressure to compress the apical Mn–O distance in YIn1–xMnxO3, move the allowed d–d transition to higher energy, and thereby tune the color from blue to violet/purple. This was accomplished by substituting smaller cations such as Ti4+/Zn2+ and Al3+ onto the TBP In/Mn site, which yielded novel violet/purple phases. The general formula is YIn1–x–2y–zMnxTiyZnyAlzO3 (x = 0.005–0.2, y = 0.1–0.4, and z ≤ 0.1), where the color darkens with the increasing amount of Mn. Higher y or small additions of Al provide a more reddish hue to the resulting purple colors. Substituting other rare earth cations for Y has little impact on color. Crystal structure analysis by neutron powder diffraction confirms a shor...
Mourning, Meaning, and Memory: Individual, Communal, and Cultural Narration of Grief

In this chapter we argue that grief or mourning is not simply an interior or intrapsychic process, although that is how it has been defined for most of the past century. Instead we describe grief in terms of the processes by which meanings are found, appropriated or assembled at least as fully between people as within them. In this view, mourning is an interaction between interior, interpersonal, communal, and cultural narratives. We argue, then, that mourning is a situated interpretive and communicative activity charged with establishing the meaning of the deceased’s life and death at three levels. First, we look at psychological research on individual self-narratives that organize life experience into plot structures with some level of consistency over time. Second, we explore public communication, including eulogies, grief accounts in popular literature, and elegies. All these discourses construct the identity of the deceased as they were, and as they are now in the individual and communal continuation of bonds with the dead. Third, we consider different cultural contexts in order to understand the rules of grieving and to see how grief is policed. Individuals, in their grief, conform to or actively challenge the dominant cultural narratives that script the “proper” performance of grief in a manner that is coherent with the prevailing social order. That is, the meanings people find through the situated interpretive and communicative activity of mourners must either be congruent with the meanings that undergird the larger context or represent an active form of resistance against them.
Are You Still Bringing Me Down?: Romantic Involvement and Depressive Symptoms from Adolescence to Young Adulthood

Romantic involvement and mental health are dynamically linked, but this interplay can vary across the life course in ways that speak to the social and psychological underpinnings of healthy development. To explore this variation, this study examined how romantic involvement was associated with trajectories of depressive symptomatology across the transition between adolescence and young adulthood. Growth mixture modeling of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health identified trajectories of depressive symptomatology as teens grew into their late 20s and early 30s (N = 8,712). Multinomial logistic techniques regressed these trajectories on adolescent and young adult romantic experiences. Adolescent dating was associated with increased depressive symptoms early on, particularly for girls, but this risk faded over time. For both boys and girls, trajectories of decreasing symptoms were associated with young adult unions but also the coupling of adolescent dating with young adult ...
The list strength effect in cued recall

Abstract Episodic memory is the process by which information about experienced events is encoded and retrieved. Successful retrieval of episodic memories is dependent on the way in which memory is tested and as a result many effects and theories of episodic memory are task dependent. One such finding is the list strength effect. In free recall, a positive list strength effect is observed; memory for a given item is harmed by the presence of other strongly encoded items and helped by the presence of other weakly encoded items. In recognition, a null list strength is observed; memory for a given item is unaffected by the strength of other items. Such differential empirical findings are crucial to understanding memory, but it is undesirable to have multiple task-specific theories rather than a unified theory of memory. Here we use cued recall, a task that shares properties of both free recall and recognition, to move toward that goal. In a series of 5 experiments, we observed a null list strength effect in cued recall. We suggest that a successful theory would entail the use of both item and context information during retrieval, consistent with the approach of the Search of Associative Memory model.
Associations Between Household Food Insecurity in Early Childhood and Children's Kindergarten Skills.

Using nationally representative data on a recent birth cohort of U.S.-born children in low-income households (n = 2,800–3,700), this study investigates associations between the timing and intensity of early childhood food insecurity and children's kindergarten reading, math, and social-emotional outcomes. Descriptive patterns reveal that approximately 20% of low-income 0- to 5-year-old children reside in food-insecure households. Food insecurity experienced during early childhood is unfavorably associated with social-emotional outcomes in kindergarten, controlling for household income and prior assessments of child social-emotional skills. Results are less consistent for cognitive outcomes but similar in magnitude. If replicated, findings may inform policy efforts to reduce disparities in early skills for approximately 15 million U.S. children in food-insecure households.
Comparative efficacy and discontinuation of dimethyl fumarate and fingolimod in clinical practice at 24-month follow-up.

BackgroundDimethyl fumarate and fingolimod are oral disease-modifying therapies approved to treat relapsing multiple sclerosis. Prior observational studies and our previous 12-month investigation s...
Gasoline Taxation in Selected OECD Countries, 1970-79 (Taxation de l'essence dans certains pays de l'OCDE, 1970-79) (Los impuestos a la gasolina en un grupo de paÃ­ses miembros de la OCDE, 1970-79)

HIS PAPER ATTEMPTS TO ASSESS the role of gasoline taxation in selected countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) since the oil price increases of late 1973 and early 1974, with a view to'providing some guidance for future tax policy. It is argued that the experience of these countries in 1970-78 indicates that gasoline taxation has generally declined in real terms. Reluctance to use such taxation seems to stem from skepticism about its potential to reduce demand for gasoline, as well as other concerns that higher gasoline taxation would conflict with such stabilization objectives as the control of inflation, equity, growth, and external equilibrium. The tentative conclusion is that the importance of such concerns is often exaggerated; at the macroeconomic level; the costs appear to be more modest than suggested in most public debate. The paper is in four sections. Section I discusses the objectives of gasoline taxation. One major stated objective for gaso-
Computational discovery of tissue morphology biomarkers in very long-term survivors with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest forms of cancer, with an average 5-year survival rate of only 8%. Within PDAC patients, however, there is a small subset of patients who survive >10 years. Deciphering underlying reasons behind prolonged survival could potentially provide new opportunities to treat PDAC; however, no genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, or clinical signatures have been found to robustly separate this subset of patients. Digital pathology, in combination with machine learning, provides an opportunity to computationally search for tissue morphology patterns associated with disease outcomes. Here, we developed a computational framework to analyze whole-slide images (WSI) of PDAC patient tissue and identify tissue-morphology signatures for very long term surviving patients. Our results indicate that less tissue morphology heterogeneity is significantly linked to better patient survival and that the extra-tumoral space encodes prognostic information for survival. Based on information from morphological heterogeneity in the tumor and its adjacent area, we established a machine learning model with an AUC of 0.94. Our analysis workflow highlighted a quantitative visual-based tissue phenotype analysis that also allows direct interaction with pathology. This study demonstrates a pathway to accelerate the discovery of undetermined tissue morphology associated with pathogenesis states and prognosis and diagnosis of patients by utilizing new computational approaches.
Automated Quantification of the Landing Error Scoring System With a Markerless Motion-Capture System.

Context: The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) can be used to identify individuals with an elevated risk of lower extremity injury. The limitation of the LESS is that raters identify movement er...
A Systematic Comparison of African American and Non-African American Patients on Psychosocial Aspects of Hepatitis C Infection.

The purpose of this study was to compare African American and non-African American hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients on self-reported symptoms of HCV liver disease and psychosocial characteristics commonly affected by it in a sample of 309 patients enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. African Americans (n = 196) rated a higher reliance on religion/spirituality for coping with HCV compared to non-African Americans. This study’s findings are a basis for encouragement of public health efforts and programs to seek partnerships with African American faith and religious communities to identify and treat undiagnosed cases of HCV and promote HCV awareness.
Abstract TMP51: Nationwide Estimates of Opioid Abuse in Young Stroke Patients

Introduction: Substance abuse (SA) is a risk factor for stroke. Opioid abuse (OA) can be a precursor for SA, and national prevalence of OA particularly in young stroke patients (YSP) has not been described. We report prevalence and factors associated with OA in YSP. We also explore in-hospital outcomes in YSP with OA. Methods: We identified ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and sub-arachnoid hemorrhage patients and patients abusing Opioids, Cocaine, Alcohol, Cannabis, Amphetamines and Hallucinogens using ICD-9 codes, from the National Inpatient Sample for the years 2006 - 2011. Patients aged 18-45 were categorized as YSP. Logistic regression methods are used. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) are reported. Results: A total of 163 469 YSP were identified. YSP had a significantly higher proportion of SA as compared to non-YSP for all substances (Table 1). Among YSP, 2 320 had been coded for OA. Among OA YSP, 53% patients also abused at least one additional substance. Males were more likely to be opioid abusers (OA) (OR: 1.23, CI: 1.30-1.47) and more OA were in the lower household income group (Table 2). OA was also associated with higher disease severity and mortality risk, likelihood of being on ventilator support, and longer length of stay. Higher proportion of OA was treated at urban and teaching hospitals, and in the Northeast as compared to other national regions. OA had a greater likelihood of in-hospital death (OR: 1.70, CI: 1.24-2.33) and had poorer discharge disposition (Table 1). Conclusions: OA in YSP is associated with greater disease severity, poor in-hospital outcomes including death, and higher utilization of resources. Although OA has not been independently identified as a risk factor for stroke, OA is frequently accompanied by or is a precursor to SA. Routine screening and counselling are required in YSP to prevent recurrence and poor outcomes associated with OA and SA.
Ultrathin Hole Extraction Layer for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) incorporating poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT) as the hole transport/extraction layer have been broadly investigated in recent years. However, most PSCs which incorporate PEDOT as the hole transport layer (HTL) suffer from lower device performance stemming from reduced photocurrent and low open-circuit voltage around 0.95 V. Here, we report an ultrathin PEDOT layer as the HTL for efficient inverted structure PSCs. The transparency, conductivity, and resulting film morphology were studied and compared with traditional architectures and thicker PEDOT layers. The PSC device incorporating an ultrathin PEDOT layer shows significant improvement in short-circuit current density (JSC), open-circuit voltage (VOC), and power conversion efficiency. Because ultrathin PEDOT layers can be easily obtained by dilution, this study suggests a simple way to improve the PSC performance and provide a route to further reduce the fabrication complexity and co...
Solving QBF with combined conjunctive and disjunctive normal form

Similar to most state-of-the-art Boolean Satisfiabilily (SAT) solvers, all contemporary Quantified Boolean Formula (QBF) solvers require inputs to be in the Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF). Most of them also store the QBF in CNF internally for reasoning. In order to use these solvers, arbitrary Boolean formulas have to be transformed into equi-satisfiable formulas in Conjunctive Normal Form by introducing additional variables. In this paper, we point out an inherent limitation of this approach, namely the asymmetric treatment of satisfactions and conflicts. This deficiency leads to artificial increase of search space for QBF solving. To overcome the limitation, we propose to transform a Boolean formula into a combination of an equisatisfiable CNF formula and an equi-tautological DNF formula for QBF solving. QBF solvers based on this approach treat satisfactions and conflicts symmetrically, thus avoiding the exploration of unnecessary search space. A QBF solver called IQTest is implemented based on this idea. Exrerimental results show that it significantly outperforms existing QBF solvers.
Higher Risk Aversion in Older Agents: Its Asset Pricing Implications 1

First draft: September 2004This draft: June 2006AbstractThis paper investigates asset pricing in a three-period overlapping generations (OLG)model economy where each generation lives as young, middle-aged and old. There is oneperishable consumption good in the economy and two types of traded securities in thecapital market: a bond and a share of equity. Implications for asset pricing and securityreturns of an increasing risk aversion are explored by allowing each agent’s coe ﬃcient ofrelative risk aversion to vary with his age; the middle-aged consumer has a higher aversionto risk than the young and the old consumers are more risk averse than the middle-aged
A retrospective analysis of surgical outcomes for acute subdural hematoma in an elderly cohort

Abstract Background Acute subdural hematoma (aSDH) in the elderly is an increasingly important public health issue. Mortality rate in this population can be as high as 90% (Copper et al., 1976; Cagetti et al., 1992; Taussky et al., 2012; Hanif, 2009; Raj et al., 2016; Luerssen et al., 1988). Objective The goal of this study is to examine outcomes for patients 70 years and older who underwent craniotomy for aSDH. Methods This is a retrospective study of patients 70 years and older who underwent craniotomy for evacuation of aSDH between 2006 and 2016. Patients with subacute, chronic, acute-on-chronic SDH and those considered too neurologically devastated to benefit from surgery were excluded. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent clinical factors associated with mortality. Results A total of 1953 elderly patients with SDH were seen between 2006 and 2016. 1325 patients had non-surgical SDH, 307 were too neurologically devastated to benefit from surgery, and 321 elderly patients had surgery. 112 patients had a craniotomy for aSDH. The overall mortality rate was 42%. 24% of patients were discharged to home or a rehabilitation facility. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, and surgery type had a significant impact on mortality. Conclusion Elderly patients with aSDH requiring surgery have a high likelihood of mortality. 24% of surgical patients were functional enough to go home or to a rehabilitation facility from the hospital. Age over 80 years old, GCS
Equivalence of weak and viscosity solutions to the $${\texttt {p}}(x)$$p(x)-Laplacian in Carnot groups

We show the equivalence of weak and viscosity solutions to the $${\texttt {p}}(x)$$-Laplacian in Carnot groups, under certain reasonable restrictions on the function $${\texttt {p}}(x)$$ and on the viscosity solution. We also obtain a comparison principle for viscosity solutions. This then implies that viscosity solutions to Dirichlet problems are unique.
Surface energies, adhesion energies, and exfoliation energies relevant to copper-graphene and copper-graphite systems

Abstract We have generated precise values for several key energies that are relevant to Cu-graphene or Cu-graphite systems. Such systems may find technological applications that range from graphene synthesis, to condensation heat transfer, to electrical contacts to graphene, to composites. Using density functional theory, we have calculated surface energies of the three low-index faces of bulk Cu. We find that these surface energies, calculated with the PBEsol functional, are significantly higher than with the more common PBE functional and agree more closely with experiment. We have also calculated the surface energies of graphene and graphite, the exfoliation energy between graphene and graphite, and the adhesion energies between graphene or graphite and a Cu(111) slab. The adhesion energy between a carbon layer and Cu(111) is close to the exfoliation energy and cleavage energy of graphite, the four sets of values spanning a range of only 0.394–0.456 J/m2. Our results are consistent with the earlier experimental observation of three-dimensional growth of Cu on top of graphite. The energies are also used to perform a continuum Winterbottom analysis and also discrete (atomistic) variants of this analysis to predict the equilibrium shapes of Cu particles supported on graphite.
Building a Technology-Using Faculty to Facilitate Technology-Using Teachers.

AbstractThe faculty and dean of the College of Education at the University of Nebraska at Omaha identified educational technology as a major goal eight years ago. This goal was divided into teaching about technology, teaching with educational technology, integrating technology into curricula, and engaging in research regarding technology in the teaching/learning process.In order to meet this goal, the college developed a plan, which addresses three important areas; equipment for faculty, staff, and students; training of faculty in the educational and personal uses of computer-related technology; and expectations that technology be an integral part of the academic activities of the faculty. This article overviews the literature related to technology use in teacher education programs, explains the UNO plan, and reports the results of the plan to date.
Exploring the Random Network of Hodgkin and Huxley Neurons with Exponential Synaptic Conductances on OpenCL FPGA Platform

We choose a random network of Hodgkin–Huxley (HH) neurons with exponential synaptic conductance as a study of accelerating the simulation of networks of spiking neurons on an FPGA. Focused on the conductance-based HH (COBAHH) benchmark, we execute the benchmark on a general-purpose simulator for spiking neural networks, identify a computationally intensive kernel in the generated C++ code, convert the kernel to a portable OpenCL kernel, and describe the kernel optimizations which can reduce the resource utilizations and improve the kernel performance. We evaluate the kernel on an Intel Arria 10 based FPGA platform, an Intel Xeon 16-core CPU, and an NVIDIA Tesla P100 GPU. FPGAs are promising for the simulation of spiking neuron network.
Integrated Real-Time Digital Measurement During Ureteroscopic Procedures for Nephrolithiasis: A Workflow Feasibility Study.

Introduction: Accurate estimation of stone fragment size during ureteroscopic lithotripsy procedures facilitates operative efficiency and predicts the safety of fragment extraction or spontaneous passage. Using a novel stone measurement software application, this study assesses the feasibility of performing integrated real-time digital stone measurement during ureteroscopy. Methods: This workflow feasibility study was conducted in two phases. First, in the ex vivo simulation, mock stone fragments were placed in a renal collecting system training model. A basket extraction task was performed using a digital ureteroscope, with and without digital stone measurement. The time required to perform the tasks was recorded and compared. Second, in the in vivo workflow trial, adult patients undergoing ureteroscopic stone procedures were prospectively enrolled. Intraoperative measurements of stone fragments were performed to determine the time required to complete the measurements. Technical failures and perioperative complications were recorded. Results: In the ex vivo simulation, 20 mock stones mimicking varied fragmentation conditions were tested in the training model. The mean completion time of the basketing task without vs with digital stone measurement was 16.5 seconds (range 10.2-33.7) vs 38.9 seconds (range 27.2-60.0). Mean additional time required to measure stones was 22.3 seconds (range 8.4-42.7). In the in vivo workflow trial, nine patients undergoing ureteroscopy were enrolled. A median of five fragments (range 3-10) were measured in each patient. Mean completion time for each measurement was 10.1 seconds (range 8.2-12.8). Mean total time required to perform digital measurement per procedure was 50.8 seconds (range 25.9-99.0). No technical failures or clinical complications were observed. Conclusions: Integrating real-time digital stone measurement during ureteroscopy is safe and feasible. The findings support clinical trials of digital stone measurement to enhance intraoperative decision-making during ureteroscopy.
Flight Prediction Software for High Altitude Balloons

Software to predict the flight path of a high altitude balloon has been created and made available to the community. The code takes inputs including the size of the balloon, how much helium is added, the size of the payload, the parachute diameter, and the launch location. The code then finds the closest weather station and gathers predictions of the weather over the following 5 days. When the time of the launch is speci fied, the code calculates the lift and ascent rate of the balloon, and propagates it using the wind data from the weather model. The size of the balloon is calculated at each time step to see if it has expanded to its maximum capacity, at which point it bursts. The descent model takes into account the size of the parachute and determines the terminal velocity of the payload train. It propagates the package through the weather model also. There are a number of novel innovations: (1) ensembles can be run to determine how errors in the amount of helium, burst diameter and wind speeds can change the landing location; (2) a burst altitude or time-delay can be speci fied to allow for flight termination units; (3) the weather station location can be dynamically updated; (4) zero-pressure balloons can be simulated; and (5) the code can be run in real-time, allowing for continuous downloading of the balloon's real-time position, which speci es the wind speed as a function of altitude. This allows a more accurate specifi cation of the landing location after burst. Examples of balloon flights are presented in order to give an idea of the functionality and accuracy of the model.
Concerns of hemodialysis patients

Introduction: Hemodialysis, which is the most common treatment in individuals with end stage renal disease, includes a series of limitations and modifications in daily life that adversely affect patients' physical and psychological state. Eliciting and addressing patients’ concerns is a key aspect of patient-centered treatment. Unaddressed concerns may lead to lower satisfaction and lower quality of medical care. Aim: To explore concerns of hemodialysis patients. Method and material: A Descriptive study on a convenience sample of patients undergoing hemodialysis in dialysis centers in Athens. Data was collected by the completion of a questionnaire which included the patients' concerns. Categorical variables are presented by absolute and relative frequencies (percentages). Results : In the present study were enrolled 100 patients, of whom 73% were male, 55% were>60 years old, 66% were married and 30% of primary level of education. Regarding patients' concerns, 36% of participants were bothered to spend time on dialysis center, 65% and 49% were concerned about a possible discontinue of fistula and hemodialysis machine respectively, while 59% were concerned about restrictions in social life, 39% in their role as a spouse, 71% about fluid restrictions, 55% about diet restrictions and 53% were concerned about transport "to and from" hemodialysis unit. In terms of limitations due to hemodialysis, 30% reported limitation in clothes, 69% in going for holidays and 67% in sexual life. Conclusions: Expanding nurses knowledge about patients' concerns is essential to implement individualized effective therapeutic strategies.
Uniform Approximation on Disks in Cn

As the two-dimensional analogue of an are in C n , we take a disk in C n defined as follows. Let D be the closed unit disk in the ζ-plane and let f l,…, f n be continuous functions defined on D. Assume that the map ζ → (f 1(ζ),…, f n (ζ)) is one to one on D. The image D of D under this map we call a disk in C n .
Harnessing DNA Replication Stress for Novel Cancer Therapy

DNA replication is the fundamental process for accurate duplication and transfer of genetic information. Its fidelity is under constant stress from endogenous and exogenous factors which can cause perturbations that lead to DNA damage and defective replication. This can compromise genomic stability and integrity. Genomic instability is considered as one of the hallmarks of cancer. In normal cells, various checkpoints could either activate DNA repair or induce cell death/senescence. Cancer cells on the other hand potentiate DNA replicative stress, due to defective DNA damage repair mechanism and unchecked growth signaling. Though replicative stress can lead to mutagenesis and tumorigenesis, it can be harnessed paradoxically for cancer treatment. Herein, we review the mechanism and rationale to exploit replication stress for cancer therapy. We discuss both established and new approaches targeting DNA replication stress including chemotherapy, radiation, and small molecule inhibitors targeting pathways including ATR, Chk1, PARP, WEE1, MELK, NAE, TLK etc. Finally, we review combination treatments, biomarkers, and we suggest potential novel methods to target DNA replication stress to treat cancer.
Identification of Cryptic Binding Sites Using MixMD with Standard and Accelerated Molecular Dynamics.

Protein dynamics play an important role in small molecule binding and can pose a significant challenge in the identification of potential binding sites. Cryptic binding sites have been defined as s...
Caspase-2 regulates S-phase cell cycle events to protect from DNA damage accumulation independent of apoptosis

Abstract In addition to its classical role in apoptosis, accumulating evidence suggests that caspase-2 has non-apoptotic functions, including regulation of cell division. Loss of caspase-2 is known to increase proliferation rates but how caspase-2 is regulating this process is currently unclear. We show that caspase-2 is activated in dividing cells in G1- and early S-phase. In the absence of caspase-2, cells exhibit numerous S-phase defects including delayed exit from S-phase, S-phase-associated chromosomal aberrations, and increased DNA damage following S-phase arrest. In addition, caspase-2-deficient cells have a higher frequency of stalled replication forks, decreased DNA fiber length, and impeded progression of DNA replication tracts. This indicates that caspase-2 reduces replication stress and promotes replication fork protection to maintain genomic stability. These functions are independent of the pro-apoptotic function of caspase-2 because blocking caspase-2-induced cell death had no effect on cell division or DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest. Thus, our data supports a model where caspase-2 regulates cell cycle events to protect from the accumulation of DNA damage independently of its pro-apoptotic function.
Target depth-based adaptive scanning in microwave synthetic aperture radar imaging for NDE applications

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging has been widely used for various nondestructive evaluation (NDE) applications. The sampling strategy used to collect imaging data has great implications on the resulting image quality. The most widely-used strategies include uniform sampling and nonuniform sampling. While the former can provide relatively higher resolution and lower noise level, the latter can provide faster scanning time. However, applying uniform sampling for high resolution can be a critical issue when scanning a relatively large area. Moreover, neither of them takes target properties (e.g., depth, spatial distribution, etc.) directly into account. It has been verified that the optimum SAR resolution is target depth dependent, which means SAR intrinsically has lower resolution for targets at larger depths. This indicates that the sampling step can be accordingly increased for targets at large depths with little resolution degradation. Meanwhile, if the scene under test is relatively large and the flaws (usually just a few) are located in a relatively small region, then optimum uniform sampling over the entire large aperture, rather than a smaller area directly above the targets, may be unnecessary. Thus, first estimating target distribution density can help reduce the time in collecting imaging data. Consequently, an intelligent sampling strategy, with considerations of targets properties, is highly desired and investigated in this paper.
Sea Ice Thickness Estimation From TechDemoSat-1 and Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity Data Using Machine Learning Methods

In this paper, two machine learning methods, specifically, convolutional neural network (CNN) and support vector regression (SVR), are employed for retrieving sea ice thickness (SIT) from TechDemoSat-1 (TDS-1) and Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) data. The input for both methods consists of scattering coefficient (σ°), the incidence angle (θ), sea ice salinity (S) and sea ice temperature (T). The first two variables are derived from the TDS-1 data, and the latter two are from the SMOS data. Evaluation of the proposed methods is based on measurements in 2017 and 2018 of thin sea ice with thickness less than 1 m. Comparisons showed good consistency between the derived and reference SIT, with correlation coefficients of 0.95 and 0.90 and root mean square differences of 5.49 cm and 7.97 cm for SVR and CNN, respectively. This demonstrates the capability of these machine learning-based methods and the utility of TDS-1 data for SIT retrieval.
Die österreichische Protestarena im neuen Jahrtausend: Mobilisierungsstärke, Aktionsformen und Themen, 1998–2016

Politischer Protest ist auch in Osterreich ein normaler Bestandteil der politischen Auseinandersetzung geworden und hat im neuen Jahrtausend seinen vormals „unkonventionellen“ Charakter endgultig verloren. Basierend auf der Berichterstattung der Nachrichtenagentur APA analysiert der Beitrag alle Protestereignisse, die in den Jahren von 1998 bis 2016 stattgefunden haben, und konzentriert sich dabei auf drei Charakteristika der osterreichischen Protestarena: das Ausmas der Mobilisierung, die gewahlten Aktionsformen und die bei den Protesten angesprochenen Themen. Die Ergebnisse der Protestereignisanalyse zeigen, dass das im Jahr 2000 aufgrund der Bildung der OVP-FPO-Regierung erreichte Mobilisierungsniveau ein Ausreiser geblieben ist, die Proteste uberwiegend moderate Aktionsformen aufweisen und der Umweltschutz bereits vor den aktuellen Klimaschutzprotesten das wichtigste Thema war.
USO DO APLICATIVO KAHOOT NO ENSINO DE CONCEITOS BÁSICOS EM PATOLOGIA E PARASITOLOGIA

As metodologias ativas, como os jogos didaticos, constituem uma ferramenta educacional inovadora que podem contribuir para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o uso de metodologias ativas, por meio de recursos tecnologicos, como o aplicativo Kahoot!, no ensino de conceitos basicos em Patologia e Parasitologia e avaliar a percepcao dos estudantes sobre esta pratica. A atividade foi realizada com estudantes da educacao profissional e tecnologica de uma instituicao publica federal de ensino. Para a producao de dados utilizou-se recursos como questionarios, o aplicativo Kahoot! e discussoes/reflexoes coletivas e, as analises foram feitas a luz das teorias de Paulo Freire, no que diz respeito a aprendizagem focada no educando. Os estudantes demonstraram obter um ganho positivo na producao de conhecimento, por meio da intervencao pedagogica realizada. Percebeu-se que a utilizacao de metodologias ativas, por meio de jogos didaticos e recursos tecnologicos, propiciou um ambiente integrador para o processo de aprendizagem, o que auxiliou na producao do conhecimento por parte dos estudantes.
The Revolution Will Be Hard to Evaluate: How Co-Occurring Policy Changes Affect Research on the Health Effects of Social Policies.

Extensive empirical health research leverages variation in the timing and location of policy changes as quasi-experiments. Multiple social policies may be adopted simultaneously in the same locations, creating co-occurrence which must be addressed analytically for valid inferences. The pervasiveness and consequences of co-occurring policies have received limited attention. We analyzed a systematic sample of 13 social policy databases covering diverse domains including poverty, paid family leave, and tobacco. We quantified policy co-occurrence in each database as the fraction of variation in each policy measure across different jurisdictions and times that could be explained by co-variation with other policies (R2). We used simulations to estimate the ratio of the variance of effect estimates under the observed policy co-occurrence to variance if policies were independent. Policy co-occurrence ranged from very high for state-level cannabis policies to low for country-level sexual minority rights policies. For 65% of policies, greater than 90% of the place-time variation was explained by other policies. Policy co-occurrence increased the variance of effect estimates by a median of 57-fold. Co-occurring policies are common and pose a major methodological challenge to rigorously evaluating health effects of individual social policies. When uncontrolled, co-occurring policies confound one another, and when controlled, resulting positivity violations may substantially inflate the variance of estimated effects. Tools to enhance validity and precision for evaluating co-occurring policies are needed.
Poverty, Sociology of

Sociologists and other social scientists in rich countries have long been concerned with economic and social deprivation. This entry addresses both the nature and causes of poverty from a sociological perspective and the way that sociologists and social scientists have measured poverty in national and cross-national contexts. Sociologists tend to focus on external (to the individual) explanations of poverty, such as those based on place, class, gender, economic power, and related contextual variables. Thus, poverty is almost always relative to place and context. Poverty measurement, social indicators, and other measures of deprivation are also discussed in some detail and the most recent relevant literature is cited.
The average number of molecules of Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 per cell does not correlate with the average number of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA molecules per cell among different clones of EBV-immortalized cells.

Abstract Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) is the only viral protein required to support latent replication of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). To assess the likelihood that EBNA-1 regulates the amount of EBV DNA in a cell, we measured the average numbers of EBNA-1 molecules and EBV DNA molecules per cell in different clones of cells. The amount of EBNA-1 protein present in recently established lymphoblastoid cell lines was measured with affinity-purified anti-EBNA-1 antibodies, and viral DNA was measured by nucleic acid hybridization. The average levels of EBNA-1 protein varied little between these cell lines, whereas the average amount of viral DNA present varied substantially; consequently, these numbers were not correlated. There is no apparent relationship between amounts of EBNA-1 and viral DNA.
Solar Oscillations: Current Trends

Oscillations observed at the surface of the Sun through Doppler shifts of spectral lines or through irradiance measurements are used by solar physicists to investigate subsurface physical processes. This is the purpose of helioseismology. Seminal results were obtained since the inception of this research field in 1962, regarding both the global structure and dynamics of the Sun: e.g., detection of the presence of the tachocline—a region of intense radial shear in the rotation velocity, at the base of the convection zone—, measurement of the depth of this convection zone, measurement of the flow velocity of meridional circulation, of the torsional oscillations, determination of the abundance of photospheric helium, of the solar neutrino fluxes, and of the solar rotation profile … Moreover, we now access the local properties—structure and flows—of magnetized regions (sunspots) and supergranules, using oscillations that are not global. In this chapter we briefly summarize some of these results and emphasize the current trends in both global and local helioseismology.
COMORBID ANXIETY AS A DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT PREDICTOR FOR TELEPHONE VERSUS FACE-TO-FACE ADMINISTERED COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR DEPRESSION

Background: The present study examines the role of comorbid anxiety on depression outcomes for those receiving cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression by telephone (T-CBT) or face-to-face (FtF-CBT). Methods: Three hundred twenty-five participants were randomized to T-CBT or FtF-CBT. Comorbid anxiety was measured using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7. Depression was measured using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and Patient Health Questionnaire 9. Results: A hierarchical model including the two-way interaction of treatment assignment and anxiety status indicated a significant effect for all outcome variables (Ps < .05). Post hoc t tests indicated T-CBT participants with comorbid anxiety disorders had significantly higher symptom severity over time compared to their T-CBT counterparts without anxiety (Ps < .001) and FtF-CBT counterparts with comorbid anxiety (Ps < .003). There were no significant differences in outcomes between those with and without comorbid anxiety disorders receiving FtF-CBT, or between T-CBT and FtF-CBT among those without comorbid anxiety disorders. Conclusions: : The findings indicate that the presence of baseline anxiety impacts the overall effect of T-CBT for the treatment of depression. Depression and Anxiety 31:934–940, 2014. C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychosocial risk factors for obesity among women in a family planning clinic

The epidemiology of obesity in primary care populations has not been thoroughly explored. This study contributes to filling this gap by investigating the relationship between obesity and different sources of personal stress, mental health, exercise, and demographic characteristics. A cross-sectional survey using a convenience sample. Five hundred women who attended family planning clinics were surveyed and 274 provided completed answers to all of the questions analyzed in this study. Exercise, self-rated mental health, stress, social support, and demographic variables were included in the survey. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. After adjusting for mental health, exercise, and demographic characteristics of subjects, analysis of the data indicated that that being having a large family and receiving no support from parents were related to obesity in this relatively young low-income primary care sample, but self-reported stress and most types of social support were not significant. Obesity control programs in primary care centers directed at low-income women should target women who have large families and who are not receiving support from their parents.