cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
When increasing liking for a communicator decreases opinion change: An attribution analysis of attractiveness

Abstract Fifty-six female subjects were asked to discuss, through passing notes, a personal injury case with a partner. Liking for the partner was manipulated by informing subjects either that their partner was very cold and penurious (low attractiveness), or was very warm and generous (high attractiveness). During the discussions, the partners' notes were replaced by notes that argued for either a very low or a very high amount of compensation. Though the general rule is that influence should mirror liking, attribution theory ( Kelley, 1967 ) leads to the expectation that in this setting the persuasiveness of the liked versus the disliked partner should depend on the amount of compensation advocated, with low compensation arguments being more persuasive when believed to be given by the liked partner, but high compensation arguments more influential when believed to be given by the disliked partner. The results supported attribution theory. Implications for the way attractiveness has been conceptualized in the social psychology literature are discussed.
Noise model for the superconducting-base semiconductor-isolated transistor

A simple noise model for bipolar transistors is adapted to the superconducting base semiconductor isolated transistor (SUBSIT). The model includes two statistically independent shot noise current sources in a lumped element model. For the case where the emitter of the SUBSIT is a normal metal, it is shown that the bipolar model carries over intact. For a SUBSIT with a superconducting emitter as well as base, the noise performance improves tremendously, due to the sharper turn-on characteristic. Noise temperatures in the milli-Kelvin regime are possible, and the energy resolution is likely to be quantum-limited. >
Foster children placed with or separated from siblings: Outcomes based on a national sample

Abstract This study examines a range of outcomes for children in foster care who have siblings, using a large, national U.S. database. Three types of sibling placements are defined: split (child has no siblings in the home), splintered (at least one sibling in the home), and together (all siblings in the home). The study analyzes records (n = 1701) from the National Study of Child and Adolescent Wellbeing, including Child Protective Services (CPS) and Long-term Foster Care (LTFC) samples. It contributes to the literature in its inclusive definition of siblings, use of three categories for sibling placement status, and use of outcome measures that include the perceptions of foster children. The study reports limited significant findings. Neither foster parents' nor youths' reports of behavioral problems differ by sibling placement status. As rated by teachers, academic performance in the group placed together exceeds that in both of the other groups. For children in kinship homes, teachers also reported less problematic internalizing and externalizing behavior for the splintered and together groups than for the split group. Children in the splintered group also responded more favorably than those in the split group to questions of closeness to the primary caregiver and liking the people in the foster family.
Fire thermal boundary condition measurement using a hybrid heat flux gage

Abstract New experimental methods have been developed using a hybrid heat flux gage to quantify the thermal boundary condition to a surface exposed to fire. The hybrid heat flux gage is capable of measuring the net heat flux and exposure heat flux at gage temperatures up to 1000 °C without the need for water cooling. Using these heat fluxes at elevated surface temperatures, new methods were developed to quantify the convective heat transfer coefficient and adiabatic surface temperature. In addition, a procedure is presented for determining the convective and radiative heat flux components when the gas temperature is measured close to the gage surface. Techniques were validated in a series of experiments performed in a cone calorimeter at different heat fluxes. Cold surface heat fluxes from the hybrid heat flux gage were within 5% of heat fluxes measured using a water-cooled Schmidt-Boelter gage. Temporal adiabatic surface temperature measurements from the hybrid gage compared well with steady-state plate thermometer measurements.
High temperature stability of chromium boride ohmic contacts to p-type 6H-SiC

Ohmic contacts have been fabricated on p-type 6H-SiC using CrB2. Two hundred nanometer thick films were sputter-deposited on substrates of doping concentration 1.3×1019 cm−3 in a system with a base pressure of 3×10−7 Torr. Specific contact resistances were measured using the linear transmission line method, and the physical properties of the contacts were examined using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The as-deposited CrB2 contacts exhibited rectifying characteristics and contained oxygen as a major contaminant. Ohmic behavior with linear current-voltage characteristics was observed following short anneals at 1100°C for 2 min at a pressure of 5×10−7 Torr. The oxygen in the CrB2 films was removed by the annealing process, and the lowest value of the specific contact resistance (rc) measured at room temperature was 8.2×10−5 Ω-cm2. Longer anneals at 1100°C for 3.5 h and 1200°C for 2 h reduced the room temperature values of r to 1.4×10−5 Ω-cm2. A thin reaction region has been identified at the CrB2/SiC interface; however, the interface remains essentially stable. Thermal stressing at 300°C in vacuum for over 2200 h produced only a slight increase in the specific contact resistance. The low value of the specific contact resistance and the excellent high temperature stability of the CrB2/SiC interface make this contact a candidate for high power/high temperature SiC device applications.
Creative solution for implementation of experiential, competency-based palliative care training for internal medicine residents

To graduate internal medicine residents with basic competency in palliative care, we employ a two-pronged strategy targeted at both residents and attending physicians as learners. The first prong provides a knowledge foundation using web-based learning programs designed specifically for residents and clinical faculty members. The second prong is assessment of resident competency in key palliative care domains by faculty members using direct observation during clinical rotations. The faculty training program contains Competency Assessment Tools addressing 19 topics distributed amongst four broad palliative care domains designed to assist faculty members in making the clinical competency assessments. Residents are required to complete their web-based training by the end of their internship year; they must demonstrate competency in one skill from each of the four broad palliative care domains prior to graduation. Resident and faculty evaluation of the training programs is favorable. Outcome-based measures are planned to evaluate long-term program effectiveness.
Friedel oscillations responsible for stacking fault of adatoms: The case of Mg ( 0001 ) and Be ( 0001 )

We perform a first-principles study of Mg adatom/adislands on the $\mathrm{Mg}(0001)$ surface, and Be adatom on $\mathrm{Be}(0001)$, to obtain further insight into the previously reported energetic preference of the fcc faulty stacking of Mg monomers on $\mathrm{Mg}(0001)$. We first provide a viewpoint on how Friedel oscillations influence ionic relaxation on these surfaces. Our three-dimensional charge-density analysis demonstrates that Friedel oscillations have maxima which are more spatially localized than what one-dimensional average density or two-dimensional cross-sectional plots could possibly inform: The well-known charge-density enhancement around the topmost surface layer of $\mathrm{Mg}(0001)$ is strongly localized at its fcc hollow sites. The charge accumulation at this site explains the energetically preferred stacking fault of the Mg monomer, dimer, and trimer. Yet, larger islands prefer the normal hcp stacking. Surprisingly, the mechanism by which the fcc site becomes energetically more favorable is not that of enhancing the surface-adatom bonds but rather those between surface atoms. To confirm our conclusions, we analyze the stacking of a Be adatom on $\mathrm{Be}(0001)$---a surface also largely influenced by Friedel oscillations. We find, in fact, a much stronger effect: The charge enhancement at the fcc site is even larger and, consequently, the stacking-fault energy favoring the fcc site is quite large---$44\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$.
BE-2 Antigen: Appearance in Activation and Long-Term Growth of T Cells

The BE-2 lymphocyte surface protein is frequently expressed by the malignant cells of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) but is not detectable on the surface of normal resting peripheral blood lymphocytes. The expression of BE-2 by normal T cells can be induced by lectin stimulation. Membrane expression of BE-2 surpasses that of the membrane receptor for IL-2, another T-cell activation marker, at day 5. The peak expression of BE-2 appears at day 6–8. The appearance of BE-2 could also be demonstrated after anti-CD3 and allogeneic stimulation. Long-term T-cell clones derived from normal donors and maintained in culture with periodic stimulation were also found to express BE-2 continuously. Thus, BE-2 is a late activation marker not expressed on normal peripheral blood lymphocytes and pathologically expressed on circulating malignant cells in the disease CTCL.
DNA aptamer functionalized zinc oxide field effect transistors for liquid state selective sensing of small molecules

In this work, we show the use of single stranded DNA aptamers as selective biorecognition elements in a sensor based on a field effect transistor (FET) platform. Aptamers are chemically attached to the semiconducting material in the FET through the use of linker molecules and confirmed through atomic force microscopy and positive target detection. Highly selective sensing of a small molecule, riboflavin is shown down to the nano-molar level in zinc oxide FET and micro-molar level in a carbon nanotube FET. High selectivity is determined through the use of negative control target molecules with similar molecular structures as the positive control targets with little to no sensor response. The goal of this work is to develop a sensor platform where biorecognition elements can be used to functionalize an array of transistors for simultaneous sensing of multiple targets in biological fluids.
Isolation of template effects that control the structure and function of nonspherical, biotemplated Pd nanomaterials.

Advances in nanotechnology have indicated that the passivant and the inorganic surface play a pivotal role in controlling the structure/function relationship of materials. Beyond standard materials-based methods, bioligands have recently demonstrated the production of unique nanomaterial morphologies for application under ambient conditions for multiple activities, such as catalysis and biosensing. We have recently demonstrated that a biotemplate technique could be employed to produce spherical and linear Pd nanostructures in water using a self-assembling peptide framework. The materials possessed high catalytic reactivity that was controlled by the three-dimensional structure of the composite materials. To investigate the effect of the peptide template on the reactivity of Pd nanostructures, an in depth analysis of the catalytic activity of Pd nanostructures fabricated via truncated templates is presented. The new templates were designed from portions of the original framework, which demonstrated unique ...
Platelet-derived growth factor levels in wounds of diabetic rats

Delayed wound healing is a troublesome complication of Diabetes. Results from recent investigations concerning the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for diabetic wound healing deficiency are preliminary in nature. Some studies have demonstrated that direct application of certain growth factors/cytokines can facilitate wound healing in diabetic models. It is possible that refractory diabetic wounds are the result of deficiencies in growth factors/cytokines important for the normal wound healing process. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) levels were examined by radioimmunoassay in wound tissue of normal and diabetic rats (streptozotocin-induced diabetes). Immunohistochemical analysis was utilized to localize and characterize PDGF immunopositive cells at the wound site of normal and diabetic animals. At the wound site, normal animals demonstrated significantly elevated PDGF levels compared to diabetic animals at 5 days post-wounding (no differences were observed in the spleen or contralateral control tissue). There appeared to be a visible increase in PDGF immunopositive cells at the wound site in both experimental and control groups. By day 10 post-wounding, PDGF levels at the wound site in normal animals were reduced becoming similar to PDGF levels in diabetic animals. This corresponded to an apparent reduction of PDGF immunopositive cells in both groups (similar to baseline levels). PDGF levels in both groups remained stable until day 20 post-wounding when a significant elevation of wound site PDGF levels occurred in the diabetic group. The findings suggest that absence of an initial increase in PDGF may play an important role in poor wound healing observed in diabetic animals. The reduction in PDGF may be related to decreased cellular PDGF production rather than a lack of PDGF-producing cells. Perhaps the diabetic state inhibits cellular PDGF gene expression signaled by wounding or interferes with normal PDGF expression at the wound site.
ACTIVE FOURIER CONTOUR APPLIED TO REAL TIME 3D ULTRASOUND OF THE HEART

We describe an active contour based on the elliptical Fourier series, and its application to matrix-array ultrasound. Matrix-array, or Real Time 3D (RT3D), ultrasound is a relatively new medical imaging modality that scans a 3D-volume electronically without physically moving the transducer, allowing for real-time continuous 3D imaging of the heart. With the goal of automatically tracking the heart wall, an active contour has been developed using the elliptical Fourier series to find perpendicular lines intersecting an initial contour. The neighborhood defined by these perpendiculars is mapped into a rectangular space, called a swath, whose vertical axis represents the inside-vs-outside dimension of the contour (perpendicular to the contour), and whose horizontal axis represents parametric distance along the contour (tangent to the contour). A dynamic programming technique is then used to find the optimum error function traversing the rectangle horizontally, and this error function is mapped back into image space to yield a new contour. The method does not iterate, but rather simultaneously searches for the optimum contour within a limited domain. Results are presented applying the technique to RT3D ultrasound images of in vivo hearts.
TVS: An Environment For Building Knowledge-Based Vision Systems

Advances in the field of knowledge-guided computer vision require the development of large scale projects and experimentation with them. One factor which impedes such development is the lack of software environments which combine standard image processing and graphics abilities with the ability to perform symbolic processing. In this paper, we describe a software environment that assists in the development of knowledge-based computer vision projects. We have built, upon Common LISP and C, a software development environment which combines standard image processing tools and a standard blackboard-based system, with the flexibility of the LISP programming environment. This environment has been used to develop research projects in knowledge-based computer vision and dynamic vision for robot navigation.© (1989) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Biocidal Polystyrenehydantoin Beads. 2. Control of Chlorine Loading

It has been demonstrated that the biocidal polymers poly-1,3-dichloro-5-methyl-5-(4‘-vinylphenyl)hydantoin and the alkali metal salt and protonated forms of its monochlorinated derivative can be prepared as insoluble porous beads by careful control of the pH in the chlorination step. While the dichloro derivative will be primarily useful in flowing water disinfection applications, particularly for potable water and recreational water, the monochloro compounds will find use in applications in which disinfection contact time is of lesser importance, such as for recirculating water treatment and odor control. Biocidal efficacy and chlorine stability data have been presented, and the potential use patterns of the several derivatives have been discussed.
Does concomitant use of paracetamol potentiate the gastroduodenal mucosal injury associated with aspirin? A prospective, randomised, pilot study.

Summary Background Paracetamol is commonly prescribed for first-line symptomatic treatment in patients with osteoarthritis and aspirin is often co-administered for cardiovascular prophylaxis. It is not known if an interaction exists between aspirin and paracetamol in regards to gastroduodenal mucosal injury. Aim To investigate whether or not co-administered aspirin with paracetamol results in an increased rate of endoscopic gastroduodenal mucosal injury as compared to either agent alone. Methods In this prospective, double-blind, randomised, three-arm, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel-group pilot study healthy adult subjects (18–75 years old) with a normal baseline trans-nasal oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (TN-EGD), received oral paracetamol 4000 mg q.d.s. (n = 21), aspirin 325 mg q.d.s. (n = 19) or paracetamol 4000 mg q.d.s. and aspirin 325 mg q.d.s. (n = 20). Upper gastrointestinal mucosal injury was evaluated after 7 days of treatment with TN-EGD. Results The rate of gastric ulcers in subjects receiving paracetamol (0/21, 0%) alone or aspirin (3/19, 16%) or both (2/20, 10%) was not different. There were, however, significantly more subjects with one or more lesions (erosion or ulcer) per subject in the paracetamol and aspirin (16/20, 80%) treated subjects as compared to the aspirin (8/19, 42%, P < 0.001) or the paracetamol (3/21, 14%, P < 0.01) exposed subjects. The mean number of lesions per subject was also greater (7.9 vs. 0.7, P < 0.01) in those treated with aspirin and paracetamol compared to paracetamol alone. Conclusions Co-administration of paracetamol and aspirin was not associated with a significant difference in endoscopic ulcer rates compared to either drug alone. There was a strong signal for increased endoscopic erosions and ulcers in the combined group compared to either aspirin or paracetamol alone.
Hyperspectral image reconstruction for diffuse optical tomography

We explore the development and performance of algorithms for hyperspectral diffuse optical tomography (DOT) for which data from hundreds of wavelengths are collected and used to determine the concentration distribution of chromophores in the medium under investigation. An efficient method is detailed for forming the images using iterative algorithms applied to a linearized Born approximation model assuming the scattering coefficient is spatially constant and known. The L-surface framework is employed to select optimal regularization parameters for the inverse problem. We report image reconstructions using 126 wavelengths with estimation error in simulations as low as 0.05 and mean square error of experimental data of 0.18 and 0.29 for ink and dye concentrations, respectively, an improvement over reconstructions using fewer specifically chosen wavelengths.
Stand conditions and tree characteristics affect quality of longleaf pine for red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees

Abstract We measured resin flow of longleaf ( Pinus palustris Mill.) pines in red-cockaded woodpecker ( Picoides borealis Vieillot) clusters in the Angelina National Forest in Texas, and the Apalachicola National Forest in Florida. Sample trees were categorized as active cavity trees, inactive cavity trees and control trees. Sample trees were further categorized by stand position as either edge or interior trees. Longleaf cavity trees in Texas and Florida had similar resin flow characteristics. Active cavity trees on forest edges had the highest resin flow, whereas active cavity trees in forest interiors had the lowest. Trees experiencing both low and high levels of red-cockaded woodpecker activity and competition from other trees had low resin flow, whereas intermediate stress typically resulted in high resin flow. Results from this study indicate that the best active red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees, from a resin flow perspective, are on or near forest edges. This may explain the woodpecker's observed tendency to excavate new cavities near edges even when interior basal area has been reduced and midstory has been controlled. Our results suggest that pines managed as potential cavity trees should be experiencing minimal competition, and that a mosaic of patches in red-cockaded woodpecker habitat may be preferable to more uniform conditions.
Germ cell tumours of the ovary: selected topics

Abstract We discuss germ cell tumours of the ovary, beginning with dysgerminoma as it is the most common malignant germ cell tumour in this location. Issues in differential diagnosis are highlighted as this tumour is associated with an excellent outcome nowadays and can be confused with small cell carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, and rarely other neoplasms. The many patterns of yolk sac tumour are noted including the recently emphasized solid growth that may mimic dysgerminoma. Immunohistochemical stains are helpful in the diagnosis of both these primitive tumours, both being SALL4 positive and dysgerminoma expressing OCT4, D2-40 and c-KIT and yolk sac tumour having been recently reported to be GATA3 positive. Glypican-3 is also positive in yolk sac tumour but should be used with caution as it is often expressed in surface epithelial carcinomas, particularly clear cell carcinoma which can be in its differential. Where the fascinating polyembryoma should be placed in the classification of ovarian tumours is briefly considered. In the teratoma family emphasis is placed on the gross differences between the mature cystic and immature forms. The most important categories of monodermal teratoma are then considered emphasizing their varied problems in differential diagnosis.
The characterization of films deposited by chemical reaction on ferroelectric-ferroelastic gadolinium molybdate surfaces

Abstract X-ray diffraction, ion beam spectrochemical analysis, Auger electron spectroscopy and ion surface scattering techniques were used to characterize the chemically reacted film of gadolinium fluoride on the c surfaces of ferroelectric-ferroelastic gadolinium molybdate single crystals. Composition cersus depth profiles were obtained to determine the nature of the film and film-substrate interface. The ion beam spectrochemical analysis profile of hydrogen suggested a diffusion-controlled mechanism of film growth.
NOAA ship sails on trans‐Pacific research voyage: Will visit China

Government and university scientists aboard the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ship Oceanographer have begun a 20,000-mile research odyssey that will culminate in June in a unique cooperative marine environmental study with China. The 303-foot, 3800-ton vessel will be the first United States ship in more than 30 years to work in Chinese waters and to visit the Peoples' Republic of China.
Need for increased promotion of physical activity by health care professionals

Abstract Objective Health care professionals play an integral role in promoting health-enhancing behaviors, such as physical activity. However, the extent to which health care professionals promote physical activity to inactive adults is relatively unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which inactive adults are encouraged by health care professionals to increase their physical activity levels. Methods A national sample (NHANES 2011–2012) of U.S. adults ( n = 4315; ≥ 20 yrs) completed a questionnaire assessing their physical activity levels (work, transportation, and recreation) and the degree to which healthcare professionals encouraged them to exercise in the past year. Results In 2012, only 36.3% of adult Americans who had received healthcare in the past 12 months had been told by a health care professional to increase their exercise. Among adults reporting no exercise engagement, only 44.9% of them had been told by a health care professional to increase their exercise levels. A low prevalence of exercise promotion was also observed for other various parameters, such as weight status, number of comorbidities, and race-ethnicity. Conclusions The majority of completely sedentary U.S. adults in 2012 were not told by a health care professional to increase their exercise levels.
Quality assessment of two- and three-dimensional unstructured meshes and validation of an upwind Euler flow solver

Quality assessment procedures are described for two-dimensional and three-dimensional unstructured meshes. The procedures include measurement of minimum angles, element aspect ratios, stretching, and element skewness. Meshes about the ONERA M6 wing and the Boeing 747 transport configuration are generated using an advancing front method grid generation package of programs. Solutions of Euler's equations for these meshes are obtained at low angle-of-attack, transonic conditions. Results for these cases, obtained as part of a validation study demonstrate the accuracy of an implicit upwind Euler solution algorithm.
The decomposition principle and algorithms for linear programming

Abstract The computational difficulties that continue to plague decomposition algorithms, namely, “long-tail” convergence and numerical instabilities, have served to dampen enthusiasm about their computational effectiveness. The use of interior points of subproblems in decomposition procedures may have a significant role to play in alleviating such computational difficulties. Indeed, Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition provides the arena within which simplex techniques for master problems and interior-point techniques for subproblems complement one another in a useful way. In combination they could lead to more effective decomposition algorithms than we have today. We formulate a particular algorithm along these lines and illustrate its convergence and numerical characteristics through numerical experiments. We make these experiments the basis for a discussion of the merits of using interior points in decomposition.
E-AERI calibration performance certification

The University of Wisconsin-Madison Space Science and Engineering Center (UW-SSEC) is certifying the calibration performance of a new generation of instruments for the measurement of the downwelling atmospheric infrared spectrum at the surface. The E-AERI instrument series is the commercial follow-on to the successful Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) which was developed at UW-SSEC in the early 1990s with support from the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program. This paper describes the E-AERI instrument specification, the UW-SSEC certification methodology, and examples of preliminary of results obtained to date. The E-AERI instrument is a commercially available product of ABB/Bomem of Quebec, Canada using technology licensed by the UW-SSEC. The E-AERI meets the same specification as the original AERI instrument in a fully automated system for use in both research and operational profiling networks.
Faraday rotation of cobalt ferrite nanoparticle polymer composite films at cryogenic temperatures

This paper investigates the behavior of the Verdet constant for cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles polymer composite films at low temperatures using a 532 nm laser source. An experimental setup for Faraday rotation (FR) at low temperatures is introduced and FRs were measured at various temperatures. Verdet constants were deduced from the paramagnetic model for terbium gallium garnet glass where ∼4× improvement was observed at 40° K for CoFe2O4 composite film.
Hospital readmission after a pancreaticoduodenectomy: an emerging quality metric?

Background Hospital readmission has attracted attention from policymakers as a measure of quality and a target for cost reduction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency and patterns of rehospitalization after a pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).
Teaching about Nontraditional Families and Individual Development

In this article, I describe the goals, content, and format of an undergraduate course on the implications of nontraditional families for life span development. Course goals include students gaining knowledge of scientifically based research and theory concerning nontraditional families and improving critical thinking and writing skills. The 5 major content areas are definitions of the word family, nontraditional 2-parent families, nonnuclear parenting arrangements, family options for infertile adults, and adult family arrangements. The format combines lectures, class discussions, assigned readings, reading logs, in-class exercises, guest speakers, videotapes, take-home essay exams, an interview of a nontraditional family, and an optional media review. Student responses on multiple methods of assessment indicated that the course effectively met its goals.
Arthroscopic repair of triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries

The triangular fibrocartilage complex is a functionally and anatomically intricate group of structures located at the ulnar aspect of the wrist. Injury to this structure affects the biomechanics of the wrist and makes functional restoration difficult. This article reviews the anatomy, biomechanics, diagnosis, and arthroscopic treatment of triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries.
AFM on humic acid adsorption on mica

Abstract Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to measure the thickness of (purified) Aldrich humic acid (HA) molecular layers adsorbed on mica. It was found that the drying methods used in preparing a sample affect the configuration of HA molecules adsorbed on mica's surface and the overall shape of the adsorbed HA layers. Adsorbed HA exhibited a more flexible configuration in freeze-dried samples than in air-dried samples. For the freeze-dried samples, results showed that 90% of HA islands have a height of 4.2–5.7 nm, while the similar range of the air-dried samples is 3.1–3.7 nm. Based on results of bearing and particle-size analyses, it is proposed that HA molecules adsorb at discrete sites to form monolayer islands at the mica/water interface. Assuming a cylindrical polyelectrolyte configuration for the HA molecules, their average diameter in solution is expected to fall within the freeze-dried height range.
A comparison of inpatient and outpatient women with eating disorders

The purpose of this study was to compare two groups of women with eating disorders, one inpatient and one outpatient, on selected variables. The study was undertaken to clarify differences in the two samples about (1) current standards/criteria for hospitalization of individuals with eating disorders, (2) the criteria for inpatient/outpatient treatment selection, and (3) definition of severity of illness. Six hypotheses were developed and tested by using t -test, χ 2 , and discriminant function analysis. The findings supported the current standards for practice. Compared with the outpatient group the inpatient group had significantly more reported physical signs and symptoms, were more anxious and depressed, had more somatization, and had more prior hospitalizations. Prior hospitalization and physical signs, along with the eating disorder dimension, ineffectiveness, were the best predictors of hospitalization. Implications for practice that focus on more comprehensive assessments and early detection of eating disorders are presented.
Abdominal ultrasonographic findings in acromegalic cats.

ObjectivesAcromegaly is increasingly recognized as a cause of insulin resistance in cats with diabetes mellitus (DM). The objective of this study was to determine if ultrasonographic changes in selected abdominal organs of acromegalic cats could be used to raise the index of suspicion for this condition.MethodsIn this retrospective case-control study, medical records of cats presenting to North Carolina State University or Colorado State University from January 2002 to October 2012 were reviewed. Cats were included in the acromegaly group if they had insulin-resistant DM with increased serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) concentrations and had an abdominal ultrasound examination performed with report available. A control group included age-matched cats that had abdominal ultrasound examination performed for investigation of disease unlikely to involve the kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas or liver.ResultsTwenty-four cats were included in each group. IGF-1 concentrations in the acromegaly group ranged...
Molecular analysis of phenylketonuria (PKU) in newborns from Texas.

This study describes the mutations at the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) locus in patients with the diagnosis of classic PKU (n=18), hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) variant (n=9) and benign persistent hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) (n=13) who were identified by the Texas Newborn Screening Program. Blinded studies were done by sequencing of the 13 exons and exon-intron boundaries of the PAH gene in genomic DNA isolated from dry blood spots. Thirty-six different mutations, including 25 missense mutations, six splice mutations, three deletions and two nonsense mutations were detected in 75 of the 80 mutant alleles (94%). The prevalent mutations were R408W (19%), V388M and IVS10nt-11g->a (6% each), Y414C (5%) and H170D, A403V, T380M and IVS7nt1g->a (4% each). Two novel missense mutations were identified in exon 5 (H170D and N167S). There was genotype/phenotype correlation in 33/40 cases (83%). For this population, exons 12, 11, 7, 5 and 8, which carry 78% of the mutations, would have to be screened first. However, the other exons must be studied when either one or no mutations are found in the primary screening. Hum Mutat 17:523, 2001.
Circle recognition through a 2D Hough Transform and radius histogramming

We present a two-step algorithm for the recognition of circles. The first step uses a 2D Hough Transform for the detection of the centres of the circles and the second step validates their existence by radius histogramming. The 2D Hough Transform technique makes use of the property that every chord of a circle passes through its centre. We present results of experiments with synthetic data demonstrating that our method is more robust to noise than standard gradient based methods. The promise of the method is demonstrated with its application on a natural image and on a digitized mammogram.
Beliefs That Sexual Orientation Is a Choice and Motivation to Control Prejudice Moderates Method of Disease Transmission and Sexual Orientation Effects on Reactions to HIV-Positive Men

We examined the role of sexual orientation and method of disease transmission (controllable or uncontrollable) in reactions to an HIV-positive male applying for prescription drug coverage. In Study 1, we examined participants' beliefs regarding whether sexual orientation is a choice as a moderator of sexual orientation and method of disease transmission effects. When infection was uncontrollable, participants who believe orientation is a choice responded more negatively to gay than heterosexual applicants. A second study replicated Study 1 and found that beliefs regarding orientation as a choice only influenced reactions among participants low in motivation to control prejudice.
Gellé Test with Békésy Audiometry 1. Method and Procedure

In a study of the Gelle test recorded by Bekesy audiometry, the findings by previous authors were reviewed. Absolute pressure measurements can be obtained by means of the pneumophone method. In recording the effects of positive and negative air pressure variations in the external auditory canal, the effects on bone conduction are most important. There is general agreement on the fact that the low tones are most affected by altered pressure on the two sides of the tympanic membrane. Diminished sensitivity for low tones with positive meatal pressure is due to increased impedance of the transmitting system under this condition.These findings are in agreement with the theory of the different behavior of mass lesions and stiffness lesions with regard to the audiometric threshold curves. A practical method is described with which the effects of calibrated air pressure in the external auditory meatus on hearing acuity can be measured through Bekesy audiometry.Patients suffering from conductive middle ear lesions...
Hurricane Katrina, the Crisis of Leadership, and Chaos Management: Time for Trying the ‘Surprise Management Theory in Action’

Four years have gone by since the historic Hurricane Katrina hit and drowned the city of New Orleans and caused a massive crisis of, and a global case of grand failure in, governance, leadership, and public management. Advancing on an earlier work published in Public Administration Review (Farazmand 2007), in which a global case of grand failure was established with several lessons drawn for future crisis management, this article argues further for developing and applying a theory of ‘surprise management’ to manage future crises and chaotic situations. Crises are borne out of natural and human made disasters, catastrophes, revolutions, and rapidly changing emergencies. Surprise management is the best approach to managing or coping with crises and crisis driven emergencies.
Structural differences between the Streptococcus agalactiae housekeeping and pilus-specific sortases: SrtA and SrtC1.

The assembly of pili on the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria requires transpeptidase enzymes called sortases. In Streptococcus agalactiae, the PI-1 pilus island of strain 2603V/R encodes two pilus-specific sortases (SrtC1 and SrtC2) and three pilins (GBS80, GBS52 and GBS104). Although either pilus-specific sortase is sufficient for the polymerization of the major pilin, GBS80, incorporation of the minor pilins GBS52 and GBS104 into the pilus structure requires SrtC1 and SrtC2, respectively. The S. agalactiae housekeeping sortase, SrtA, whose gene is present at a different location and does not catalyze pilus polymerization, was shown to be involved in cell wall anchoring of pilus polymers. To understand the structural basis of sortases involved in such diverse functions, we determined the crystal structures of S. agalactiae SrtC1 and SrtA. Both enzymes are made of an eight-stranded beta-barrel core with variations in their active site architecture. SrtA exhibits a catalytic triad arrangement similar to that in Streptococcus pyogenes SrtA but different from that in Staphylococcus aureus SrtA. In contrast, the SrtC1 enzyme contains an N-terminal helical domain and a ‘lid’ in its putative active site, which is similar to that seen in Streptococcus pneumoniae pilus-specific sortases, although with subtle differences in positioning and composition. To understand the effect of such differences on substrate recognition, we have also determined the crystal structure of a SrtC1 mutant, in which the conserved DP(W/F/Y) motif was replaced with the sorting signal motif of GBS80, IPNTG. By comparing the structures of WT wild type SrtA and SrtC1 and the ‘lid’ mutant of SrtC1, we propose that structural elements within the active site and the lid may be important for defining the role of specific sortase in pili biogenesis.
A Benes-like theorem for the shuffle-exchange graph

One of the first theorems on permutation routing, proved by V.E. Benes (1965), shows that give a set of source-destination pairs in an N-node butterfly network with at most a constant number of sources or destinations in each column of the butterfly, there exists a set of paths of lengths O(log N) connecting each pair such that the total congestion is constant. An analogous theorem yielding constant-congestion paths for off-line routing in the shuffle-exchange graph is proved here. The necklaces of the shuffle-exchange graph play the same structural role as the columns of the butterfly in the Benes theorem. >
Sodium, Potassium, and Target Organ Damage: A Case for Central Hemodynamics

The relationship between blood pressure (BP) and sodium intake is well documented. Large observational studies have shown that sodium chloride (NaCl) intake is directly related to BP, whereas various interventional studies demonstrated a relationship between the reduction in NaCl intake and magnitude of BP reduction. Similarly, a low-potassium diet is associated with high BP and increased cardiovascular risk. In the Intersalt Study, urinary potassium excretion (a surrogate for intake) was associated with a lower BP after adjustment for various confounders, including urinary sodium excretion. The effects of dietary sodium and potassium on BP are closely related. The first strain of rats bred by Dahl for the trait of “salt sensitivity” demonstrated less NaCl-induced hypertension when potassium intake was high. Well-controlled human studies subsequently showed that the BP-rising effect of extremely high NaCl intake can be blunted by potassium supplementation. Clinical trials showed that potassium supplementation modestly reduces BP, an effect that is, however, enhanced in blacks and in the presence of a high-sodium diet. Conversely, hypertension in potassium deficiency is associated with increased renal sodium reabsorption, whereas sodium restriction may prevent the development of hypertension induced by potassium restriction. Recent literature has identified regulatory pathways of tubular sodium and potassium handling (eg, those mediated by with-no-lysine-kinase 1)1 that may, at least partially, mediate interactions between dietary sodium and potassium on extracellular volume and BP. Importantly, whereas high-sodium/low-potassium intake are associated with hypertension, both have been shown to predict an increased cardiovascular risk even after adjustment for brachial BP and other observed factors, indicating that unmeasured factors played a role. Accumulating evidence indicates that central arterial pulsatile hemodynamic abnormalities predict cardiovascular risk independent of brachial BP in various populations.2 It should be noted that there is a highly variable relationship between brachial pulse pressure (PP) and aortic pulsatile hemodynamics. …
Experience with Small Turbomachinery in a 400 Watt Refrigerator

A refrigerator similar to one of the Fermilab Tevatron satellites was re-configured to use turbomachinery instead of the reciprocating equipment typical of the installations. A Sulzer dry turboexpander, Creare wet turboexpander, and IHI centrifugal cold compressor have been installed and operated for about 8000 hours. Experience was gained both with the rotating machinery and with the refrigerator itself as it interfaced with the load. Equipment was set up to regulate in the same manner as the reciprocating devices had. Heat loads and operating mode were adjusted and evaluations made regarding the behavior of the devices.
An efficacy trial of ‘Steps to Your Health’, a health promotion programme for adults with intellectual disability

Objective: Although there are evaluation and effectiveness studies of health promotion interventions for adults with intellectual disabilities (ID), randomized efficacy trials of such interventions are lacking.Design: A randomized active control intervention trial.Setting: The participants attended the health promotion classes in local disability agency service facilities.Method: We enrolled 443 individuals and randomly assigned them to one of two eight-week participatory classes. The ‘Steps to Your Health’ (STYH) classes emphasized moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), healthy eating and body mass index (BMI) reduction. The control intervention focused on hygiene and safety.Results: We did not find a statistically significant difference in mean MVPA or BMI change between completers of the STYH group compared to the control group one year after the intervention was completed. We did find that participation in STYH classes had a non-significant association with odds of reduction in BMI (odds ratio...
Primary lymphomas of the small intestine: east-west contrast.

Primary small intestinal lymphoma (PSIL) represents a heterogenous group of disorders with variable clinical and pathologic features and a characteristic age, socioeconomic, and geographic distribution. In developed countries, PSIL usually occurs as a localized ileal tumor, shows a bimodal age distribution, and most frequently presents with abdominal pain and obstructive symptoms. Histologicaily, most of these tumors are diffuse histiocytic, lymphocytic, or undifferentiated lymphomas. Other variants of PSIL, collectively referred to as immunoproliferative small intestinal disease, occur most often among young patients of poor socioeconomic status in Third World countries, mostly in the Middle East and Mediterranean area. They are characterized by involvement of long loops of the upper small intestine and commonly present with abdominal pain, diarrhea, malabsorption, and clubbing of the fingers. A subgroup of these patients shows a serological abnormality with the appearance of part of the alpha heavy chain of IgA in the serum. Histologically, the lesion appears as a dense diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate of the mucosa of the upper jejenum or duodenum. A form of malignant lymphoma of true histiocytic origin complicates long-standing celiac disease. The contrasting clinical, epidemiological, histopathological, and immunological features of these variants of PSIL raise interesting questions about the pathogenesis of small bowel lymphoma.
Targeting Anabolic Impairment in Response to Resistance Exercise in Older Adults with Mobility Impairments: Potential Mechanisms and Rehabilitation Approaches

Muscle atrophy is associated with healthy aging (i.e., sarcopenia) and may be compounded by comorbidities, injury, surgery, illness, and physical inactivity. While a bout of resistance exercise increases protein synthesis rates in healthy young skeletal muscle, the effectiveness of resistance exercise to mount a protein synthetic response is less pronounced in older adults. Improving anabolic sensitivity to resistance exercise, thereby enhancing physical function, is most critical in needy older adults with clinical conditions that render them “low responders”. In this paper, we discuss potential mechanisms contributing to anabolic impairment to resistance exercise and highlight the need to improve anabolic responsiveness in low responders. This is followed with evidence suggesting that the recovery period of resistance exercise provides an opportunity to amplify the exercise-induced anabolic response using protein/essential amino acid ingestion. This anabolic strategy, if repeated chronically, may improve lean muscle gains, decrease time to recovery of function during periods of rehabilitation, and overall, maintain/improve physical independence and reduce mortality rates in older adults.
Pupillary changes in two memory tasks

Five Ss recalled telephone numbers from long-term and short-term memory while pupil diameter was measured. Major pupillary changes were found in both tasks. Pupil diameter seems to vary with momentary load on S.
Heat shock-induced interactions of heat shock transcription factor and the human hsp70 promoter examined by in vivo footprinting.

Abstract Genomic footprinting of the human hsp70 promoter reveals that heat shock induces a rapid binding of a factor, presumably heat shock transcription factor, to a region encompassing five contiguous NGAAN sequences, three perfect and two imperfect matches to the consensus sequence. Arrays of inverted NGAAN sequences have been defined as the heat shock element. No protein is bound to the heat shock element prior to or after recovery from heat shock. Heat shock does not perturb the binding of factors to other regulatory elements in the promoter which contribute to basal expression of the hsp70 gene.