cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential gene expression mediated by 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

Given the immuno-modulatory activity of native haemozoin (Hz), the effects of constitutive Hz components on immune response are of interest. Recently, gene expression changes mediated by HNE and the synthetic analogue of Hz, beta-haematin (BH), were identified and implicated a significant role for lipid peroxidation products in Hz's activity. The study presented herein examines gene expression changes in response to 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) in a model macrophage cell line. LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells were treated with 40 μM 15(S)-HETE for 24 h, and microarray analysis was used to identify global gene expression alterations. Fold changes were calculated relative to LPS-stimulated cells and those genes altered at least 1.8-fold (p value ≤ 0.025) were considered to be differentially expressed. Expression levels of a subset of genes were assessed by qRT-PCR and used to confirm the microarray results. Network analysis revealed that altered genes were primarily associated with "lipid metabolism" and "small molecule biochemistry". While several genes associated with PPAR-gamma receptor-mediated signaling were differentially expressed, a number of genes indicated the activation of secondary signaling cascades. Genes related to cytoadherence (cell-cell and cell-matrix), leukocyte extravasation, and inflammatory response were also differentially regulated by treatment, supporting a potential role for 15(S)-HETE in malaria pathogenesis. These results add insight and detail to 15-HETE's effects on gene expression in macrophage-like cells. Data indicate that while 15-HETE exerts biological activity and may participate in Hz-mediated immuno-modulation, the gene expression changes are modest relative to those altered by the lipid peroxidation product HNE.
Testing for Discrimination in Home Insurance: Results from New York City and Phoenix

This paper examines the results of a paired testing study of neighbourhood-based discrimination in the provision of quotes for home insurance in New York City and Phoenix, Arizona. We examine wheth...
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Inhibits Transformed Growth of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells through Selective Suppression of Snail

Work from our laboratory and others has demonstrated that activation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) inhibits transformed growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines in vitro and in vivo. We have demonstrated that activation of PPARγ promotes epithelial differentiation of NSCLC by increasing expression of E-cadherin, as well as inhibiting expression of COX-2 and nuclear factor-κB. The Snail family of transcription factors, which includes Snail (Snail1), Slug (Snail2), and ZEB1, is an important regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as well as cell survival. The goal of this study was to determine whether the biological responses to rosiglitazone, a member of the thiazolidinedione family of PPARγ activators, are mediated through the regulation of Snail family members. Our results indicate that, in two independent NSCLC cell lines, rosiglitazone specifically decreased expression of Snail, with no significant effect on either Slug or ZEB1. Suppression of Snail using short hairpin RNA silencing mimicked the effects of PPARγ activation, in inhibiting anchorage-independent growth, promoting acinar formation in three-dimensional culture, and inhibiting invasiveness. This was associated with the increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased expression of COX-2 and matrix metaloproteinases. Conversely, overexpression of Snail blocked the biological responses to rosiglitazone, increasing anchorage-independent growth, invasiveness, and promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The suppression of Snail expression by rosiglitazone seemed to be independent of GSK-3 signaling but was rather mediated through suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity. These findings suggest that selective regulation of Snail may be critical in mediating the antitumorigenic effects of PPARγ activators.
Tricarboxylic acid cycle of glia in the in vivo human brain.

In the brain, acetate is exclusively oxidized by glia. To determine the contribution of glial metabolism to the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), 1-(13)C-acetate was infused in six studies in three normal adult subjects and -one epileptic receiving valproic acid for seizure control. Ten grams of 99% 1-(13)C labeled acetate were infused intravenously as a 3.3% w/v solution over 60 min, during which in vivo 13C MR spectra of the brain were acquired. As expected, 13C label rapidly enriched cerebral bicarbonate, glutamate and glutamine C5. The mean rate of acetate oxidation calculated from steady-state 13C enrichment of bicarbonate in fasted normal subjects was 0.13 +/- 0.03 micromol/g/min (n=4), approximately 20% of the total cerebral TCA cycle rate.
Characterization and modeling of InGaP HBT low-frequency oscillations

Audio and near-audio frequency oscillations of InGaP heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT) devices at room temperature have been observed in an environment typical of high-frequency S-parameter device characterization systems. The oscillations are attributed to sufficient phase shift of the low-frequency thermal impedance in combination with a reactive input impedance resulting in system instability. The oscillations are demonstrated through transient circuit simulations using vertical bipolar intercompany models and predicted using a simple small-signal model.
Exercise testing to enhance wives' confidence in their husbands' cardiac capability soon after clinically uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction

Abstract The effects of wives' involvement in their husbands' performance of treadmill exercise testing 3 weeks after clinically uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction was compared in 10 wives who did not observe the test, 10 who observed the test, and 10 who observed and participated in the test themselves. In a counseling session after the treadmill test, couples were fully informed about the patient's capacity to perform various physical activities. Wives' final ratings of confidence (perceived efficacy) in their husbands' physical and cardiac capability were significantly (p
Measurement of the Effectiveness of Platelet Transfusions

In general purpuric bleeding appears at higher platelet levels when thrombocytopenia develops rapidly than when the process is chronic. Thrombocytopenic bleeding may be controlled by the transfusion of viable platelets but quantitative evaluation of effectiveness now is very difficult. Measurement of the life span of transfused platelets may be linear or exponential but the ideal method for performing such studies has not been described. In vitro measurement of platelet functions does not serve as a useful index of clinical effectiveness. Platelet transfusions are clinically useful and the criteria of effectiveness are platelet counts and cessation of external bleeding. In the last analysis judgment of the value of platelet transfusions is largely based on clinical experience.
Commentary: A legal perspective on diabetes surveillance--privacy and the police power.

The New York City A1C Registry (NYCAR) program is an unusual and groundbreaking extension of the reach of public health law. It marks the first time that the government has mandated name-based reporting of a chronic, noninfectious disease not caused by an environmental toxin and where the data are given to patients and physicians. Although the program has generated deep social controversy, remarkably it has not been challenged in court. Nonetheless, the law offers a useful lens through which to consider the program's justification and legitimacy. In this commentary to the article in this issue by Chamany and colleagues (2009), we examine the state's powers and responsibilities; patients’ rights to privacy and security of personal data; and physicians’ “privacy” rights.
Complex irregular dynamics in a computer model of vagal control of the cardiac pacemaker

Summary form only given. The electrical-discharge patterns of the natural pacemaker region of the heart, the sinoatrial node can be accurately reproduced in a two-dimensional mathematical model in which 225 individual pacemaker cells mutually entrain to a common frequency. This model was perturbed periodically with acetylene (ACh) pulses to mimic repetitive reflex-mediated vagal stimulation. A range of vagal stimulus intensities and cycle lengths was used and the stimulus:response patterns for individual cells of the array were monitored. As revealed in a map of the parameter space, patterns of phase-locking (e.g. 1:1, 2:1, 3:2) that followed the typical Farey sequence were obtained at lower stimulus intensities and low frequencies, whereas regions of irregular (possibly chaotic) dynamics were apparent at higher intensities and higher frequencies. Qualitatively similar results were obtained when only a single pacemaker cell was repetitively stimulated with vagal pulses using the same protocols. >
Whose disorder?: a constructive MacIntyrean critique of psychiatric nosology.

The American Psychiatric Association 's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has for decades been a locus of dispute between ardent defenders of its scientific validity and vociferous critics who charge that it covertly cloaks disputed moral and political judgments in scientific language. This essay explores Alasdair MacIntyre's tripartite typology of moral reasoning— "encyclopedia, " "genealogy, " and "tradition "—as an analytic lens for appreciation and critique of these debates. The DSM opens itself to corrosive neo-Nietzschean "genealogical" critique, such an analysis holds, only insofar as it is interpreted as a presumptively objective and context-independent encyclopedia free of the contingencies of its originating communities. A MacIntyrean tradition-constituted understanding of the DSM, on the other hand, helpfully allows psychiatric nosology to be understood both as "scientific" and, simultaneously, as inextricable from the political and moral interests—and therefore the moral successes and moral failures— of the psychiatric guild from which it arises.
Synthesis of histone mRNA sequences in isolated nuclei of cleavage stage sea urchin embryos

Abstract A qualitative assay for detection of histone mRNA sequences in nuclear RNA was developed using actinomycin D-CsCl gradients to separate histone DNA from bulk DNA by differences in buoyant density. A significant amount of RNA synthesized in vitro in isolated nuclei from early blastula stage sea urchin embryos hybridized coincident with the histone DNA satellite, and this hybridization was competed out by unlabeled "9S" polysomal RNA purified from embryos at the same stage of development. The biogenesis of these histone mRNA sequences appeared similar as observed during in vivo and in vitro synthesis. Nuclear RNA from embryos pulse labeled in vivo was found to lack histone sequences, suggesting a rapid exit time for these sequences from the nucleus. Attempts to study the exit of histone sequences from isolated nuclei labeled in vitro also suggested a rapid exit time for histone sequences. The histone sequences were synthesized to a much lesser extent in isolated nuclei from late blastula stage embryos, as anticipated from the much reduced amount of histone mRNA labeled on polysomes at this stage.
Hormones and hemodynamics in pregnancy.

activity. Results: In contrast to the sodium and water retention which occur secondary to the primary arterial vasodilation in cirrhosis, glomerular filtration and renal blood flow are significantly increased in normal pregnancy. A possible explanation for this difference in arterial vasodilation states is that relaxin, an arterial vasodilator which increases during pregnancy, has a potent effect on both systemic and renal circulation. Endothelial damage in pregnancy is pivotal in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia in pregnancy. Conclusions: Against a background of the primary arterial vasodilation hypothesis, it is obvious that reversal of the systemic vasodilatation in pregnancy, without subsequent activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (78), will evoke a reversal of all the links in the chain of events in normal pregnancy adaptation, thus, it may cause preeclampsia. Namely, a decrease of renal vasodilation will decrease glomerular filtration rate.
Writing across the Curriculum: Why Bother?.

In an Afterword to their book Writing Across the Discipline: Research into Practice, Art Young and Toby Fulwiler speak of "the enemies of writing across the curriculum (287) ... the most significant of which," they suggest, may be collectively, "a set of entrenched attitudes ... shared to some extent by faculty, administrators, students, and the general public" (292-3). The attitudes described are in many ways predictable, running from the seeing of any organized attempt to change teaching strategy as an attack on academic freedom, all the way down to such assertions as:
BISON: Bio-Interface for the Semi-global analysis Of Network patterns.

The large amount of genomics data that have accumulated over the past decade require extensive data mining. However, the global nature of data mining, which includes pattern mining, poses difficulties for users who want to study specific questions in a more local environment. This creates a need for techniques that allow a localized analysis of globally determined patterns. We developed a tool that determines and evaluates global patterns based on protein property and network information, while providing all the benefits of a perspective that is targeted at biologist users with specific goals and interests. Our tool uses our own data mining techniques, integrated into current visualization and navigation techniques. The functionality of the tool is discussed in the context of the transcriptional network of regulation in the enteric bacterium Escherichia coli. Two biological questions were asked: (i) Which functional categories of proteins (identified by hidden Markov models) are regulated by a regulator with a specific domain? (ii) Which regulators are involved in the regulation of proteins that contain a common hidden Markov model? Using these examples, we explain the gene-centered and pattern-centered analysis that the tool permits. In summary, we have a tool that can be used for a wide variety of applications in biology, medicine, or agriculture. The pattern mining engine is global in the way that patterns are determined across the entire network. The tool still permits a localized analysis for users who want to analyze a subportion of the total network. We have named the tool BISON (B io-I nterface for the S emi-global analysis O f N etwork patterns).
Pharmacokinetics of acrylamide in Fisher-334 rats

Abstract The distribution and metabolism of [2,3-14C]acrylamide were studied in male, Fisher-344 rats. Three dose levels of acrylamide (1.0, 10, or 100 mg/kg) were administered orally to rats and daily excreta were analyzed for 14C. Since the excretion rate was independent of dose, the median dose of 10 mg/kg was administered intravenously to rats for subsequent pharmacokinetic studies. Blood, excreta, and tissues collected at times ranging from 15 min to 7 days postadministration of acrylamide were quantified for total radioactivity and parent compound. Radiolabel was distributed rapidly to tissues except for fat, liver, kidney, testes, and plasma which showed an initial absorption phase. Elimination of the radiolabel from most tissues was biphasic with a terminal half-life of approximately 8 days. The amount of 14C in blood remained constant at 12% of the dose for up to 7 days. However, 14C in plasma was eliminated readily. The concentration-time curve of parent acrylamide in tissues and blood fit a monoexponential curve with a half-life of approximately 2 hr. The rapid elimination of parent compound was due mainly to biotransformation since less that 2% of the dose was excreted unchanged in the urine and bile. The metabolism of acrylamide appears to be mediated through glutathione conjugation in the liver since the major urinary metabolite was N-acetyl-S-(3-amino-3-oxypropyl)cysteine.
A CONDITIONAL LOGIT APPROACH TO U.S. STATE-TO-STATE MIGRATION*

This paper uses a conditional logit approach to study interstate migration in the United States for each of eleven years, from 1986-1987 to 1996-1997. We test substantive hypotheses regarding migration in the United States and demonstrate the richness of the conditional logit approach in studies of place-to-place migration. We investigate migration responses to relative economic opportunities (unemployment rate, per capita income) and the associated costs of moving (distance between origin and destination and its square). We also investigate how noneconomic factors, such as ameni- ties, affect migration between states through a state fixed effect. Finally, we study the magnitude of unmeasured costs associated with a particular migration. The conditional logit model also allows us to compute various trade-off and other values that are of interest in migration analysis.
Emergency medical services liability litigation in the United States: 1987 to 1992.

Introduction Although emergency medical services (EMS) liability litigation is a concern of many prehospital health care providers, there have been no studies of these legal cases nationwide and no local case studies since 1987. Methods A retrospective case series was obtained from a computerized database of trial court cases filed against EMS agencies nationwide. All legal cases that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study sample. These cases must have involved either ambulance collisions (AC) or patient care (PC) incidents, and they must have been closed between 1987 and 1992. Results There were 76 cases that met the inclusion criteria. Half of these cases involved an AC, and the other cases alleged negligence of a PC encounter. Thirty (78.9%) of the plaintiffs in the AC cases were other motorists, and 35 (92.1%) of the plaintiffs in the PC cases were EMS patients. Almost half of the cases named an individual (usually an emergency medical technician or paramedic) as a codefendant. Thirty-one (40.8%) of the cases were closed without any payment to the plaintiff. There were five cases with plaintiffs' awards or settlements greater than [US] $1 million. Most (71.0%) of the ACs occurred in an intersection or when one vehicle rear-ended another vehicle. The most common negligence allegations in the PC cases were arrival delay, inadequate assessment, inadequate treatment, patient transport delay, and no patient transport. Conclusion Risk management for EMS requires specific knowledge of the common sources of EMS liability litigation. This sample of recent legal cases provides the common allegations of negligence. REcommendations to decrease the legal risk of EMS agencies and prehospital providers are suggested.
TGF-β signal transduction and mesangial cell fibrogenesis

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is closely associated with progressive renal fibrosis. Significant progress has been accomplished in determining the cellular signaling pathways that are activated by TGF-β. This knowledge is being applied to glomerular mesangial cell models of extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. A central component of TGF-β-stimulated mesangial cell fibrogenesis is the TGF-β family-specific Smad signal transduction pathway. However, while Smads play an important role in collagen accumulation, recent findings indicate that cross talk among a variety of pathways is necessary for maximal stimulation of collagen expression. Further investigation of these multiple interactions will provide insight into possible ways to interrupt cellular mechanisms of glomerular fibrogenesis.
Direct Numerical Simulation of Boundary-Layer Receptivity for Subsonic Flow Around Airfoil

Direct numerical simulation is used to study leading edge receptivity to free-stream disturbance. The full compressible Navier-Stokes equations in generalized curvilinear coordinates are solved by LU-SGS implicit scheme, which requires no tridiagonal inversion and is capable of being completely vectorized and parallelized. A fourth-order centered compact scheme is used for spatial derivatives and second-order Euler Backward scheme is applied for temporal discretization. A sixth-order implicit filter is employed to reduce the numerical oscillation. The non-reflecting boundary conditions are imposed at the far-field and outflow boundaries to avoid possible non-physical wave reflection. The code is developed in a form of total flow and no base flow with perturbation assumption is needed. The code also does not need buffer or sponge domain for DNS. The leading-edge receptivities of the compressible boundary-layer over the flat plate and the Joukowsky airfoil to free-stream disturbances are simulated.
A motor learning approach to training wheelchair propulsion biomechanics for new manual wheelchair users: A pilot study

Context/Objective: Developing an evidence-based approach to teaching wheelchair skills and proper propulsion for everyday wheelchair users with a spinal cord injury (SCI) is important to their rehabilitation. The purpose of this project was to pilot test manual wheelchair training based on motor learning and repetition-based approaches for new manual wheelchair users with an SCI.Design: A repeated measures within-subject design was used with participants acting as their own controls.Methods: Six persons with an SCI requiring the use of a manual wheelchair participated in wheelchair training. The training included nine 90-minute sessions. The primary focus was on wheelchair propulsion biomechanics with a secondary focus on wheelchair skills.Outcome Measures: During Pretest 1, Pretest 2, and Posttest, wheelchair propulsion biomechanics were measured using the Wheelchair Propulsion Test and a Video Motion Capture system. During Pretest 2 and Posttest, propulsion forces using the WheelMill System and wheelcha...
Compressive behavior of FRP-confined concrete-filled PVC tubular columns

Abstract This paper presents a new composite confinement system of FRP wrap and PVC tube with and without an impact absorption medium (compressible foam) in between. The compressive behavior of the proposed FRP-confined concrete filled PVC tube (CCFPT) was investigated and compared with those of the concrete filled PVC tube (CFPT) and FRP-wrapped (FW) concrete cylinder. The effect of compressible foam on the post-peak behavior of the CCFPT specimen was explored. The applicability of seven existing FRP-confined stress–strain relationships to predict the ultimate strength and ductility enhancement of FW and CCFPT specimens was evaluated. A total of 14 FW, 5 CFPT, and 17 CCFPT specimens with 152 mm in diameter and 305 mm in height were tested under monotonically increasing axial loads in compression. The key parameters examined included the type and thickness of FRP wraps, the presence and thickness of compressible foam, and loading area. Test results indicated that, without compressible foam, the CCFPT cylinders resembled the FW cylinders in stress–strain relationships with brittle failures upon FRP rupture and immediately-followed PVC fracture due to sudden transfer in confining pressure. With compressible foam, the CCFPT cylinders can combine the strength of the FW cylinders and the ductility of the CFPT cylinders.
Synchrotron X-ray Microtomography, Electron Probe Microanalysis, and NMR of Toluene Waste in Cement

Synchrotron X-ray microtomography shows vesicular structures for toluene/cement mixtures, prepared with 1.22−3.58 wt % toluene. Three-dimensional imaging of the cured samples shows spherical vesicles, with diameters ranging from 20 to 250 μm; a search with EPMA for vesicles in the range of 1−20 μm proved negative. However, the total vesicle volume, as computed from the microtomography images, accounts for less than 10% of initial toluene. Since the cements were cured in sealed bottles, the larger portion of toluene must be dispersed within the cement matrix. Evidence for toluene in the cement matrix comes from 29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy, which shows a reduction in chain silicates with added toluene. Also 2H NMR of toluene-d8/cement samples shows high mobility for all toluene and thus no toluene/cement binding. A model that accounts for all observations follows: For loadings below about 3 wt %, most toluene is dispersed in the cement matrix, with a small fraction of the initial toluene phase separating fro...
Reconstructing the brain from immortal cell lines.

Publisher Summary The ability to generate region-specific cell lines, which can differentiate has important implications for CNS transplantation experiments. This chapter describes the molecular mechanisms of brain development through generation of clonal cell lines, which can differentiate in tissue culture. Although, transplanted cell lines offer advantages, as they can be carefully analyzed and genetically manipulated; however, they also suffer from the potential disadvantage that their proliferation may be uncontrolled. In present study, the cell lines are generated by transplantation of a T antigen-immortalized cell line into the brain of neonatal rats. The results with transplanted cells show that it is possible to place large numbers of immortalized cells into the mammalian brain without gross evidence of hyperplasia. The chapter proposes to explore further transplants with conditionally immortalized cell lines that can differentiate in tissue culture, suggesting that they may differentiate in vivo. The results and strategies discussed in the chapter suggest that immortal, functionally competent cell lines may allow reconstruction of the nervous system in vivo.
Ascorbic acid and the hyaluronidase. Hyaluronic acid reaction.

SummaryBoth in vitro and in vivo experiments show that ascorbic acid exerts an inhibitory effect upon the hyaluronidase-hyaluronic acid reaction. The inhibition is more marked in the animal than in the test tube.The components of the capillary wall and their relation to capillary permeability have been discussed.These studies suggest that in some cases where capillary fragility is corrected by ascorbic acid, the effect could be due to the inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid upon a hyaluronidase-hyaluronic acid system, rather than to an effect of vit. C on the intercellular cement.
Pollen digestibility by hummingbirds and psittacines

Pollens fed to adult and nestling hummingbirds were largely unaffected by passage through the digestive tracts. Adult lorikeets and Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollundicus) responded similarly, but their nestlings were somewhat more able to digest pollens. Euca- lyptus, Zauschneria, and Callistemon pollens were fed to nestling and adult Anna's Hum- mingbirds (Culypte anna) and adult Costa's Hummingbirds (C. costae). Eucalyptus and Prunus pollens were fed to adult Rainbow Lorikeets (Trichoglossus haematodus haemato- dus), adult and nestling Moluccan Lerikeets (T. h. moluccunus), and adult and nestling Cockatiels. Empty grains were considered to be digested. Hummingbirds digested less than 7% of all the pollens fed. Adult lorikeets digested less than 7% of the Eucalyptus pollen, and nestlings digested 24%. Adult Cockatiels digested 17% and nestlings 38% of the Eu- calyptus pollen. Neither psittacine digested more than 4% of the Prunus pollen. It was concluded that the pollens did not furnish a significant source of energy or protein to the birds.
A teenage girl with new-onset diplopia and sharp, shooting leg pain.

A16-year-old girl presents to the inpatient pediatrics service following a 1-week history of double vision and nausea of sudden onset. She denied any recent illnesses, vaccinations, or sick contacts. She was not experiencing any chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, or diaphoresis. She had also been experiencing a sharp, shooting pain in her right thigh, most often occurring with ambulation for the past week and a half that she attributed to a basketball injury. Her medical history is significant for type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) controlled with an insulin pump. She has no history of migraines, seizures, or diabetic retinopathy.
The Road Untraveled: Enlarging the New Logical Framework of Complementarity

As Leon Rosenfeld notes, Bohr “devoted a considerable amount of hard work to exploring possibilities of application of complementarity to other domains of knowledge.”1 Complementarity is useful in the pursuit of knowledge in other fields, said Bohr, because it allows us to “achieve a harmonious comprehension of ever wider aspects of our situation, recognizing that no experience is definable without a logical frame and that any apparent disharmony can be removed only by an appropriate widening of the conceptual framework.”2 Although the logical framework of complementarity is now appealed to in any number of disciplines, we have not even begun to apply it in the thorough and systematic fashion Bohr had in mind. When we confront a situation in which the logical framework applies, this, in Bohr’s view, signals a confrontation with a profound truth.
Potentiation of azidothymidine cytotoxicity in cisplatin-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cells

The combination of cisplatin and AZT was synergistic in a subline (A2780DDP) of human ovarian carcinoma cells resistant to cisplatin, in contrast to the parental carcinoma cell line, A2780S. A2780DDP cells have elevated levels of enzymes necessary for DNA synthesis and repair. If A2780DDP cells respond to cisplatin with an increase in thymidine kinase activity, then AZT may chain terminate newly synthesized DNA. To test this hypothesis, a dual label [( 14C]-thymidine/[3H]-AZT) experiment was designed. A2780 cells were first incubated with [14C]-thymidine to label DNA and measure DNA degradation in response to cisplatin. These [14C]-thymidine labeled A2780 cells were then incubated for short intervals with [3H]-AZT to measure chain termination after cisplatin addition. A2780S cells responded to cisplatin with a modest increase in thymidine turnover and an increase in AZT incorporation. In contrast, A2780DDP cells initially responded to cisplatin treatment with a significant increase in thymidine turnover and a corresponding increase in [3H]-AZT incorporation. This was concomitantly associated with an increase in thymidine kinase mRNA within 2 hr after cisplatin treatment. Thus, the A2780DDP cells had the ability to rapidly turnover DNA, a property effectively exploited by the deoxythymidine analogue, AZT, utilizing the enhanced enzymes of the DNA synthesis and repair complex in A2780DDP cells.
SEXUAL COMPULSIVITY AND SUBSTANCE USE IN HIV-SEROPOSITIVE MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN: PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF HIGH-RISK BEHAVIORS

Most persons aware of their HIV-positive serostatus refrain from sexual behavior that could transmit HIV infection to others. However, a minority of men who test HIV-seropositive continue to engage in transmission risk behavior. One factor that may play a role in high-risk sexual activity involves sexual behavior self-management. The present study investigated the role of sexual compulsivity as a contributing factor to high-risk sexual behavior in HIV seropositive men who have sex with men (N = 112). Participants also completed measures of factors known to be related to risky sexual behavior including: personal substance use, sexual partner substance use, pleasure associated with high-risk activities, beliefs about transmission risks, intentions to avoid future instances of risky behavior, and self-esteem. Men scoring high on sexual compulsivity reported engaging in more frequent unprotected sexual acts with more partners, reported greater use of cocaine in conjunction with sexual activity, rated high-risk sexual acts as more pleasurable, and reported lower self-esteem. Mediational analyses indicated that the relationship between sexual compulsivity and high-risk sexual behavior was partially mediated by both personal cocaine use and partner cocaine use in conjunction with sexual activity. The results suggest a need to integrate HIV risk-reduction services and substance use treatment for those persons living with HIV who have difficulty avoiding transmission risk behavior.
Challenges and approaches to software defined duplexing radio

Recent advances in reconfigurable RF front end circuits, such as passive mixer first receivers have opened the door to the possibility of building radios that can be programmed to both transmit and receive across octaves of frequency while maintaining reasonable performance and extremely high levels of integration. One of the remaining challenges in software defined radio hardware is the construction of a flexible RF system capable of duplex operation. Specifically, transmitting and receiving on the same antenna across a wide band of frequencies presents a significant challenge. This paper presents some of the primary challenges that arise in this space, as well as some interesting published and potential solutions.
Welcome Associate Editors Ajay Goel, Aida Habtezion, and Walter Park.

Dig Dis Sci (2016) 61:3093–3094 DOI 10.1007/s10620-016-4326-8 ANNOUNCEMENT Welcome Associate Editors Ajay Goel, Aida Habtezion, and Walter Park Jonathan D. Kaunitz 1 O Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016 Ajay Goel, MS (Honors), PhD, AGAF & Jonathan D. Kaunitz jake@ucla.edu Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA Dr. Goel is a basic researcher, who received his Ph.D. degree in Biophysics from Panjab University, India, in 1996. He subsequently completed a 1-year postdoctoral fellowship at the Department of Physiology and Biophysics at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, followed by three additional years of training at the Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla. He subsequently was appointed as a Research Assistant Pro- fessor, Department of Medicine, at UCSD, before moving to the Baylor Scott & White Research Institute in Dallas, TX, in 2003. Dr. Goel currently serves as a Professor and Director, Center for Gastrointestinal Research, and Director, Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Genomics at the Baylor Scott & White Research Institute. Dr. Goel cur- rently also holds the Michael E. Ramsay Chair in Trans- lational Epigenomics and Oncology. His laboratory is primarily interested in understanding the genetic and epi- genetic aspects of gastrointestinal cancers, with a sub- stantial portion of his research focused on translational aspects of these malignancies. Dr. Goel has published more than 225 original research articles, invited reviews, and book chapters in some of the leading gastroenterology- and oncology-related journals including Gastroenterology, Gut, Journal of National Cancer Institute, Cancer Research, Clinical Cancer Research, Hepatology, Proceedings on National Academy of Sciences, and The New England Journal of Medicine. He is also a primary inventor on more than 15 international patents aimed at developing biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of gastrointestinal cancers. He is currently using advanced genomic and transcriptomic approaches to develop novel DNA- and microRNA-based biomarkers for the early detection of colorectal, pancreatic, and esophageal cancers. Dr. Goel currently serves as PI on four NIH/NCI grants, a
Exploring the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences in soldiers seeking behavioral health care during a combat deployment

ABSTRACTThis exploratory study examines the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in soldiers who sought behavioral health support during a combat deployment. We conducted a secondary analysis of data extracted from two studies on the basis of retrospective reviews of behavioral health records of soldiers deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan. Of 162 clinical samples, 135 (83%) reported at least one type of childhood adversity. ACE scores ranged from 0 to 9 with a mean of 3 (standard deviation = 2.4) and mode of 0. A total of 65 (40%) experienced four or more ACEs. Parental divorce or separation was the most frequently reported childhood experience and was associated with witnessing domestic violence, having a member of the household abuse substances, and being physically and psychologically abused as a child. A sizeable proportion lived with a household member who had been in prison. Soldiers with an extensive history of ACEs may benefit from additional mentoring from frontline leaders and prevent...
Epitaxial graphene on SiC: 2D sheets, selective growth and nanoribbons

Epitaxial graphene grown on SiC by the confinement controlled sublimation method is reviewed, with an emphasis on multilayer and monolayer epitaxial graphene on the carbon face of 4H-SiC and on directed and selectively grown structures under growth-arresting or growth-enhancing masks. Recent developments in the growth of templated graphene nanostructures are also presented, as exemplified by tens of micron long very well confined and isolated 20-40nm wide graphene ribbons. Scheme for large scale integration of ribbon arrays with Si wafer is also presented.
Intraslab rupture triggering megathrust rupture coseismically in the 17 December 2016 Solomon Islands Mw 7.9 earthquake

The 17 December 2016 Solomon Islands earthquake (M_w 7.9) initiated ~103 km deep in the subducting Solomon Sea slab near the junction of the Solomon Islands and New Britain trenches. Most aftershocks are located near the Solomon Islands plate boundary megathrust west of Bougainville, where previous large interplate thrust faulting earthquakes occurred in 1995 (M_w 7.7) and 1971 (M_w 8.0). Teleseismic body wave modeling and aftershock relocations indicate that the initial 30 s of the 2016 rupture occurred over depths of 90 to 120 km on an intraslab fault dipping ~30° to the southwest, almost perpendicular to the dipping slab interface. The next 50 s of rupture took place at depths of 32 to 47 km in the deeper (Domain C) portion of the overlying megathrust fault dipping ~35° to the northeast. High susceptibility to triggering in the region accounts for this compound rupture of two separate fault planes.
Schizotypal, Schizoid, Paranoid, and Avoidant Personality Disorders

Personality disorders are considered highly prevalent in both outpatient and residential settings. In addition, there has been a proliferation of interest in the personality disorders in the past 10 years, primarily as a function of the publication of DSM-III (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1980). Despite this, the literature remains replete with controversy. For example, there is considerable difficulty with achieving acceptable levels of reliability as a result of overlap in diagnostic criteria across the personality disorder categories. Further, disputes concerning the relationship between Axis I and Axis II disorders of the current diagnostic code are also common.
Ramification of Valuations and Singularities

This survey article is on the interplay between valuation theory and classical algebraic geometry. It explains some of the basic results in valuation theory and their relationship to commutative algebra and algebraic geometry. We discuss our generalization of the classical theory of ramification of local Dedekind domains to arbitrary valuation rings in algebraic function fields, and apply these results to better understand ramification of generically finite morphisms of algebraic varieties.
Collecting Oral Histories for Entrepreneurship Research

Oral history collections can offer a wealth of detailed information for entrepreneurship researchers. The stories that entrepreneurs tell provide researchers with insight into both perspective and into substantive issues of entrepreneurial behavior. The life stories of entrepreneurs offer students of entrepreneurship insight into both the explicit and the tacit knowledge of working entrepreneurs.
Benchmarking Study on the Thermal Management Landscape for 3D ICs: From Back-Side to Volumetric Heat Removal

An overview of the thermal management landscape with focus on heat dissipation from 3D chip stacks is provided in this study. Evolutionary and revolutionary topologies, such as single-side, dual-side and, finally, volumetric heat removal, are benchmarked with respect to a high-performance three-tier chip stack with an aggregate power dissipation of 672 W. The thermal budget of 50 K can be maintained by three topologies, namely, 1) dual-side cooling, implemented by a thermally active interposer, 2) interlayer cooling with 4-port fluid delivery and drainage at 100 kPa pressure drop, and 3) a hybrid approach combining interlayer with embedded back-side cooling.Of all the heat-removal concepts, interlayer cooling is the only approach that scales with the number of dies in the chip stack and hence, enables extreme 3D integration. However, the required size of the microchannels competes with the requirement of low TSV heights and pitches. A scaling study was performed to derive the TSV pitch that is compatible with cooling channels to dissipate 150 W/cm2 per tier. An active IC area of 4 cm2 was considered, which had to be implemented on the varying tier count in the stack. A cuboid form factor of 2 mm × 4 mm × 2.55 mm results from a die count of 50. The resulting microchannels of 2 mm length allow small hydraulic diameters and thus a very high TSV density of 1837 1/mm2. The accumulated heat flux and the volumetric power dissipation are as high as 7.5 kW/cm2 and 29kW/cm3, respectively.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Classifier Evaluation with Missing Negative Class Labels

The concept of a negative class does not apply to many problems for which classification is increasingly utilized. In this study we investigate the reliability of evaluation metrics when the negative class contains an unknown proportion of mislabeled positive class instances. We examine how evaluation metrics can inform us about potential systematic biases in the data. We provide a motivating case study and a general framework for approaching evaluation when the negative class contains mislabeled positive class instances. We show that the behavior of evaluation metrics is unstable in the presence of uncertainty in class labels and that the stability of evaluation metrics depends on the kind of bias in the data. Finally, we show that the type and amount of bias present in data can have a significant effect on the ranking of evaluation metrics and the degree to which they over- or underestimate the true performance of classifiers.
Act collectively: opportunities for technologies to support low-income children with asthma

Asthma is one of the most common childhood chronic diseases in the world, and the nature of paediatric asthma management inherently requires intense collaborative care. In this paper, we report the results of a multi-method qualitative inquiry aimed at understanding paediatric asthma management and the potential for technologies to support low-income families. Our findings highlight three themes around the challenges to managing paediatric asthma faced by low-income families in the US: information sharing about environmental triggers, health communication and coordination, and the need for social support. Additionally, we critique existing solutions in light of the needs of families and suggest new avenues for designing for effective asthma management.
Beam orientations in IMRT: to optimize or not to optimize?

The goal of radiotherapy is to deliver a prescribed dose to the target while sparing the sensitive structures located in its vicinity. Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) allows one to achieve a better dose distribution by using intensity modulated beams. For conventional radiation therapy, the beam orientations can be determined with the help of a beams-eye view (BEV). In IMRT, the situation is more complicated because the gantry angles are correlated with the intensity profiles. The X-ray beams sometimes have to go through sensitive structures in order to achieve an optimal compromise between the target and sensitive structure doses. In IMRT treatment planning, one usually selects a set of gantry angles empirically and then obtains the corresponding beam intensity profiles by inverse planning. Because the influence of a set of gantry angles on the final dose distribution is not known until the beam intensity profile optimization is done, several trial and error attempts are often needed in order to determine a set of adequate beam orientations.
Resection of a giant hepatic adenoma in an eight-year-old girl.

Hepatic adenomas are benign tumors typically diagnosed in women of reproductive age, however, these tumors occur in the pediatric population although rare. We present the case of a giant hepatic ad...
Thrombogenic Potential of Phosphatidylserine-Containing Liposomes

By the spring of 1981, Fidler and Poste and their co-workers had demonstrated that monocytes could be activated to become tumoricidal after incubation with liposomes containing monocyte/macrophage activating agents (Fidler, 1975; Fidler et al., 1976). These same phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS) liposomes containing muramyl dipeptide (MDP) or one of its derivatives could eradicate spontaneous metastases in mice (Fidler et al., 1981). Furthermore, no toxicity is observed when liposomes are administered intravenously to dogs and mice (Hart et al., 1981).
Vieira, Patrícia. Cinema no Estado Novo: A Encenação do Regime. Lisboa: Colibri, 2011.

Cinema no Estado Novo: A Encenacao do Regime de Patricia Vieira e uma historia do cinema portugues produzido durante as primeiras tres decadas do Estado Novo—anos trinta aos cinquenta—que focaliza a relacao dessa filmografia com a ideologia salazarista.
Abstract 4396: Targeting survivin to overcome docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer

Despite therapeutic advancements, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality in men. Docetaxel is the first cytotoxic agent to show modest improvements in overall survival rate in patients with CRPC. Unfortunately, over half of these patients do not respond to treatment and ultimately all develop resistance. The mechanism mediating docetaxel resistance remains unknown. However, survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family member, and known mediator of chemo-resistance has been previously associated with docetaxel resistance, as inhibition of survivin expression sensitized prostate cancer cells to docetaxel in vitro, and a small molecule inhibitor targeting survivin expression led to a significant regression in prostate cancer xenograft tumors when given in combination with docetaxel. However, how survivin may mediate docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer remains unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that overexpression of nuclear survivin contributes to docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer cells. First, utilizing western blot to assess protein level and methylene blue assays to determine ability to proliferate under cytotoxic conditions, we found that survivin expression and docetaxel IC50 correlates strongly in five prostate cancer cell lines. Furthermore, using paired parental drug sensitive and stepwise selected docetaxel resistant cell lines, we determined that resistant cells overexpress survivin as compared to parental cells, and knockdown of survivin decreases resistance to docetaxel. Our studies suggest that survivin is likely implicated in CRPC and treatment with a direct survivin inhibitor may sensitize resistant cells to docetaxel. We are in the process of determining how this IAP may mechanistically mediate docetaxel resistance. Citation Format: Robert C. Peery. Targeting survivin to overcome docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4396.