cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF SELECTED IN-FURROW AND SEED APPLIED INSECTICIDES, WITH AND WITHOUT AN ADDITIONAL FOLIAR BAND OR BROADCAST APPLICATION, FOR CONTROL OF THRIPS ON VIRGINIA COTTON, 2002

Selected insecticides applied either onto seed or into the seed furrow at planting, both with and without an additional foliar band or broadcast treatment, were evaluated for control of thrips in Virginia cotton. 'Paymaster 1199 R' cotton was planted 29 Apr at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, VA, using 36-inch row spacing. In-furrow (IF) treatments were applied into the seed furrow at the time of planting using tractor-mounted inverted jars with lid holes calibrated to deliver exact amounts via gravity. Gaucho 480 seed treatment (seed) was applied commercially. The foliar treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer either as a 12 to 14-inch band (FB) over the row at 17.0 gpa and 22 psi through one 8004E flat fan nozzle per row, or as a broadcast (BC) at 14.3 gpa and 18 psi through 8002VS nozzles spaced 18 inch apart on the spray boom. Foliar applications were made on 17 May at the first sign of true leaf emergence after the cotyledon stage and on 29 May at the 2-3 true leaf stage. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with four replicates; plots were 4 rows x 40 ft. Thrips injury to plants was determined by visually rating injury using a 0 to 5 scale, where 0 = no thrips induced plant injury, 1 = 10% injured leaves, no bud injury; 2 = 25% injured leaves, no bud injury; 3 = 75% injured leaves, and 0-25% buds injured; 4 = 90% injured leaves, and > 25% buds injured; and 5 = dead plants.Yield was determined by harvesting the two center rows of each plot (80 row ft) using a commercial 2-row John Deere cotton combine. Sub-samples were ginned to determine lint versus seed and trash weight (40% lint, 60% seed and trash). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.
Interannual variations and trends in global land surface phenology derived from enhanced vegetation index during 1982–2010

Land surface phenology is widely retrieved from satellite observations at regional and global scales, and its long-term record has been demonstrated to be a valuable tool for reconstructing past climate variations, monitoring the dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems in response to climate impacts, and predicting biological responses to future climate scenarios. This study detected global land surface phenology from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data from 1982 to 2010. Based on daily enhanced vegetation index at a spatial resolution of 0.05 degrees, we simulated the seasonal vegetative trajectory for each individual pixel using piecewise logistic models, which was then used to detect the onset of greenness increase (OGI) and the length of vegetation growing season (GSL). Further, both overall interannual variations and pixel-based trends were examined across Koeppen’s climate regions for the periods of 1982–1999 and 2000–2010, respectively. The results show that OGI and GSL varied considerably during 1982–2010 across the globe. Generally, the interannual variation could be more than a month in precipitation-controlled tropical and dry climates while it was mainly less than 15 days in temperature-controlled temperate, cold, and polar climates. OGI, overall, shifted early, and GSL was prolonged from 1982 to 2010 in most climate regions in North America and Asia while the consistently significant trends only occurred in cold climate and polar climate in North America. The overall trends in Europe were generally insignificant. Over South America, late OGI was consistent (particularly from 1982 to 1999) while either positive or negative GSL trends in a climate region were mostly reversed between the periods of 1982–1999 and 2000–2010. In the Northern Hemisphere of Africa, OGI trends were mostly insignificant, but prolonged GSL was evident over individual climate regions during the last 3 decades. OGI mainly showed late trends in the Southern Hemisphere of Africa while GSL was reversed from reduced GSL trends (1982–1999) to prolonged trends (2000–2010). In Australia, GSL exhibited considerable interannual variation, but the consistent trend lacked presence in most regions. Finally, the proportion of pixels with significant trends was less than 1 % in most of climate regions although it could be as large as 10 %.
Molecular analysis of gastric washings in the diagnosis and monitoring of gastric lymphomas

The monitoring of gastric lymphomas is often hampered by the inherently limited sampling provided by small endoscopic biopsy specimens. To investigate the feasibility of using gastric washing fluid for monitoring patients with known gastric lymphoma and for diagnosing gastric involvement in patients with extranodal nongastric lymphoma, we collected 49 gastric washings from 39 patients (29 patients with gastric lymphoma and 10 patients with nongastric extranodal lymphoma). Collection was done at the time of follow-up biopsy and when no endoscopic abnormalities were found. DNA was extracted from the washing fluid and analyzed for clonal IgH gene rearrangement by Southern blotting (J6 probe) and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (using VH-FR3 and JH primers). Forty-one of 49 samples (84%) yielded sufficient DNA for molecular analysis. Sixteen of 41 analyzable gastric washing samples (39%) failed Southern blot analysis due to degraded or insufficient DNA. Concordance between the results of Southern blot analysis of the washing and histology of the simultaneous biopsy specimen was found in 20 (80%) of the remaining 25 samples. The IgH PCR result was concordant with biopsy histology in 33 out of 41 washing samples (80%). The overall concordance between molecular clonality studies of washings (Southern blotting and/or PCR) and biopsy histology was 83% (34 of 41). Of the 7 (18%) discrepant specimens, 2 were diagnosed histologically as lymphoma, but the simultaneous washings were negative by molecular studies. Five biopsy specimens were histologically benign, but the corresponding washings demonstrated clonal IgH gene rearrangement (3 cases by PCR and 2 cases by Southern blotting). This study demonstrates the diagnostic utility of molecular clonality analysis of gastric washings.
Assessment of Shock Collars as Nonlethal Management for Wolves in Wisconsin

Lethal control alone has not proven entirely effective in reducing gray wolf (Canis lupus) depredations in chronic problem areas. Opponents of lethal control argue that more emphasis should be placed on integrating nonlethal strategies into current management. However, few evaluations have tested the effectiveness of nonlethal options. We compared behavior patterns in terms of frequency and duration of bait station visits for 5 wolves fitted with shock collars to 5 control animals inhabiting wolf pack territories in northern Wisconsin during summers of 2003 and 2004. Shock collared wolves spent less time and made fewer visits to bait station zones than did control animals. During and after shocking, wolves shifted 0.7 km away from the bait station zone. Although active shocking did restrict wolf access, which could be useful in controlling wolf depredations during a limited time period, conditioning was not clearly demonstrated once shocking ceased. The effect of shock collar design and operation on long-term conditioning and shock-conditioned wolves on pack behavior needs further study. If long-term conditioning is possible, shock collars could be used by wildlife managers as a nonlethal wolf management method in chronic problem areas where lethal control has proven ineffective.
Faculty Perceptions about Tenure at Private Christian Liberal Arts Colleges

This study investigates faculty perceptions of tenure at 38 institutions of the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities (CCCU) with a sample of 988 faculty with tenure, 734 on a tenure track, 427 who are not on a tenure track, and 411 from institutions without tenure. Major findings that emerges are (1) more male have earned tenure; (2) the majority of tenures faculty agreed that the criteria for advancement and promotion are clear; (3) most disagree that tenure is an outmoded concept; (4) faculty with tenure are more likely to believe that tenure attracts the best minds; (5) CCCU faculty working toward tenure report lower levels of extensive stress than the national sample.
High Pressure Performance of Foil Journal Bearings in Various Gases

Foil bearings offer several advantages over traditional oil-lubricated bearings in closed Brayton Cycle (CBC) systems, such as those proposed for long-term space power generation. Proposed CBCs require foil bearings to use an inert gas lubricant at pressures as high as 3.0 MPa as the bearing lubricant. The High Pressure Rig (HPR) at the NASA Glenn Research Center is used to measure foil bearing power loss using potential CBC working fluids at and beyond proposed CBC peak pressures. In the current study foil journal bearing power loss is measured in helium, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide from atmospheric pressure to 4.83 MPa and at shaft speeds from 10 krpm to 42 krpm. Bearings operating in helium show no increase in power loss with increasing pressure for the conditions tested. Bearings operating in nitrogen show increases in power loss with increasing pressure at speeds above 19 krpm, while increases in bearing power loss during carbon dioxide testing were seen at 15 krpm. At speeds above these thresholds, power loss is shown to increase more rapidly in carbon dioxide than in nitrogen. Results suggest that bearing power loss performance is dependent on both gas density and shaft speed.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Integrated Vision-Based System for Automated Defect Detection in Sewer Closed Circuit Television Inspection Videos

AbstractThis paper discusses the development of a general framework and software system to support automated analysis of sewer inspection closed-circuit television (CCTV) videos. The proposed system aims primarily to support the off-site review and quality control process of the videos and to enable efficient reevaluation of archived CCTV videos to extract historical sewer condition data. Automated analysis of sewer CCTV videos poses several challenges including the nonuniformity of camera motion and illumination conditions inside the sewer. The paper presents a novel algorithm for optical flow-based camera motion tracking to automatically identify, locate, and extract a limited set of video segments, called regions of interest (ROI), that likely include defects, thus reducing the time and computational requirements needed for video processing. The proposed algorithm attempts to recover the operator actions during the inspection session, which would enable determining the location and relative severity of...
Nilpotent approximations of control systems

We show how to constructively approximate an affine control system x = X0(x) + u1 (t)X1(x) + ... + uk(t)Xk(x) on IRn by a control system of this same form, and also on IRn, for which the describing vector fields generate a nilpotent Lie algebra, or at least an important subalgebra of the algebra they generate, is nilpotent.
What is Rock Music Doing to the Minds of our Youth? A First Experimental Look at the Effects of Rock Music Lyrics and Music Videos

This article reports the results of three preliminary studies of the cognitive effects of rock music lyrics and music videos. Study 1 indicates that comprehension of rock music lyrics develops with age and that lyrics are often misunderstood, particularly by young children who lack relevant world knowledge and are at a concrete stage of cognitive development. Study 2 shows that music videos provide less stimulation to imagination and are enjoyed less than the songs alone. Study 3, using different methods, confirms the negative effect of music videos on the imagination. The results of this study also demonstrate that a rock song, without any visuals, evokes and elicits more feelings than when it is part of a music video.
Simultaneous laparoendoscopic single-site radical nephrectomy for native kidney and open nonischemic partial nephrectomy to treat concomitant renal cell carcinomas in native and transplant kidneys and to preserve allograft function.

Objective To report a technique of minimally invasive radical nephrectomy for a native renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and nonischemic open partial nephrectomy for a transplant kidney RCC with only a laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) incision. Concomitant RCCs in a native and transplant kidneys are very rare. Conventional surgical approach requires a long incision. Methods A 50-year-old man 14 years after renal transplant was found incidentally to have concomitant RCCs in his native right kidney and transplant kidney. A right lower abdomen Gibson incision, along his transplant wound, was used initially for LESS right radical nephrectomy and lymphadenectomy, and that same wound was used for a nonischemic open partial nephrectomy in the transplant kidney. Results The LESS right radical nephrectomy took 3.25 hours with estimated blood loss (EBL) of 80 mL and the partial nephrectomy for the transplant kidney took 3 hours with EBL of 220 mL. No transfusion was required. Pathologic examination revealed both tumors to be RCC, clear cell type, and 6.5 cm in the right native kidney and 2.8 cm in the transplant kidney. The final wound measured 9 cm. Postoperative recovery was uneventful with inpatient narcotic requirement of 37 mg morphine sulfate equivalent, and oral intake of food resumed in 2.5 days. His allograft function was well preserved with a serum creatinine unchanged (1.4 mg/dL) at discharge. Conclusion In a patient with concomitant tumors in a native kidney and a transplant kidney, this unique approach provides exceptional benefits of minimally invasive tumor excision for both tumors, and good preservation of renal function.
Enhanced Incorporation of Tritium into Glycolate during Photosynthesis by Tobacco Leaf Tissue in the Presence of Tritiated Water.

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var. Havana Seed) leaf discs were allowed to photosynthesize for 3 to 20 minutes in the presence of 14CO2 and 3H2O. Several metabolites of the Calvin cycle and photorespiratory pathway were isolated and purified and the 3H:14C values measured. Glycolate had a 5- to 10-fold higher 3H:14C than the Calvin cycle intermediate 3-phosphoglyceric acid, or its end product sucrose. The glycolate oxidase inhibitor α-hydroxy-2-pyridinemethanesulfonic acid caused glycolate to accumulate in the tissue and lowered the 3H:14C in glycolate to a value similar to that in 3-phosphoglyceric acid. Phosphoglycolate, a possible precursor of glycolate arising from the Calvin cycle, exhibited a 3H:14C value similar to 3-phosphoglyceric acid under all conditions. The finding of a 3H enrichment in glycolate suggests that another source of glycolate, possibly the reduction of glyoxylate, exists in leaf tissue. Analyses of incorporation of 3H into the pro-2R and pro-2S hydrogens of glycolate, in the presence and absence of α-hydroxy-2-pyridinemethanesulfonic acid, suggest an alternative source of glycolate. Biochemical mechanisms to account for 3H enrichment into glycolate are evaluated.
Bacterial recovery from breast skin of genetically feathered and featherless broiler carcasses immediately following scalding and picking

Abstract Genetically feathered and featherless sibling broilers selected for matched BW were killed, scalded, and defeathered to determine the consequences of feathers and empty feather follicles on the recovery of bacteria from carcass breast skin. In trial 1, the vents of all carcasses were plugged and sutured before scalding to prevent the expulsion of cloacal contents during picking. In trial 2, half of the carcasses had their vents plugged and sutured. Immediately after defeathering, breast skin was aseptically removed, and bacteria associated with it were enumerated. In trial 1, the levels of bacteria recovered did not differ between feathered and featherless carcasses: Campylobacter log10 1.4 cfu/mL of rinse, coliform log10 1.8, Escherichia coli log10 1.6, and total aerobic bacteria log10 3.1. In trial 2, the carcasses that had vents plugged and sutured had lower levels of all four types of bacteria (differences of Campylobacter log10 0.7 cfu/mL, coliform log10 1.8, E. coli log10 1.7, and total aerobic bacteria log10 0.5) than those carcasses with open vents. The lower levels of bacteria recovered from carcasses with the vents plugged and sutured during picking enabled detection of small but significant differences between feathered and featherless carcasses. The level of coliform and E. coli recovered was slightly higher by log10 0.7 cfu for feathered carcasses, but featherless carcasses had marginally higher levels of total aerobic bacteria by log10 0.4 cfu. Feathered and featherless carcasses with open vents during picking did not differ in the levels of recovery of coliform, E. coli, and total aerobic bacteria from breast skin.
Power Electronics and Motor Drives Recent Progress and Perspective

Power electronics technology has gone through dynamic evolution in the last four decades. Recently, its applications are fast expanding in industrial, commercial, residential, transportation, utility, aerospace, and military environments primarily due to reduction of cost, size, and improvement of performance. In the global industrial automation, energy conservation, and environmental pollution control trends of the 21st century, the widespread impact of power electronics is inevitable. It appears that the role of power electronics on our society in the future will tend to be as important and versatile as that of information technology today. In this paper, the importance of power electronics will be discussed after a brief historial introduction in the beginning. Then, the recent advances of power semiconductor devices, converters, variable-frequency AC drives, and advanced control and estimation techniques will be reviewed briefly. Unlike a traditional technology survey paper, the number of figures is kept intentionally small in favor of the text within the length constraint of this paper. The prognosis of different areas will be highlighted wherever possible based on the author's own knowledge and experience. In conclusion and future scenario, the trend of power electronics and motor drives along with some possible research and development areas will be highlighted.
Surface area evolution of calcium hydroxide during calcination and sintering

A simple one-dimensional mathematical model validated with high-temperature entrained-flow reactor data successfully explained dispersed calcium hydroxide particle surface area evolution resulting from concomitant calcination and sintering. An integrated first-order calcination rate expression and a second-order sintering rate form accurately predicted time-resolved surface area generation and degradation. The effects of water vapor and gaseous carbon dioxide concentration on asymptotic specific surface areas and sintering rates were noted. This methodology for predicting sorbent surface area evolution will enable more accurate sulfation modeling efforts in furnace sorbent injection (FSI) applications, where calcination, sintering, and sulfation can all occur on the same time scale.
Expression and significance of androgen receptor coactivators in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder is approximately three times more common in men than women. While the etiology for this gender difference in incidence remains unknown, a role for androgen receptor (AR) signaling has been suggested. The mechanisms by which AR activity is regulated in UC cells, however, are largely elusive. Here, we explore the significance of coregulators that are critical for the formation of a functional AR transcriptional complex, in UC cells. Using two AR-positive UC cell lines, TCC-SUP and UMUC3, we demonstrate the expression of the coactivators NCOA1, NCOA2, NCOA3, CREBBP, and EP300 in UC cells. small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of the AR or any of these coactivators markedly impacted cell viability and abrogated androgen-dependent cell proliferation. Noteworthy, contrary to AR-positive prostate cancer cells, expression of these AR-associated coactivators was not androgen regulated in UC cells. To assess the clinical relevance of coactivator expression, we performed immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded sections from 55 patients with UC of the bladder. We found that while 24 out of 55 (44%) of tumors expressed the AR, each of the coactivators was expressed by 85-100% of the bladder cancers. Moreover, we noted a significant downregulation of NCOA1 expression in tumors versus adjacent, non-tumor bladder urothelium, with a mean of 68% (range 0-100) of tumor cells demonstrating NCOA1 staining versus a mean of 81% (range 0-90) of non-tumor cells (P=0.03). Taken together, our data suggest an important role for AR-associated coactivators in UC and point toward differences in the regulation of AR activity between bladder and prostate cancer cells.
Grid integration studies of a switched reluctance generator for future hardware-in-the-loop experiments

This paper investigates the generation capabilities of a switched reluctance machine for possible wind power generation applications. The long-term goal is to conduct Power Hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulation using a dSpace-controlled 1kW switched reluctance generator (SRG) available in the lab. In the proposed PHIL simulations, the SRG is controlled to output a constant DC output voltage, which is then fed into a real-time digital simulator (RTDS), amplified, inverted, and integrated with the grid. The inverter and the grid are modeled within the RTDS software platform (RSCAD). Appropriate wind data, also modeled within RTDS is scaled accordingly and fed back into the lab as speed command for the machine. In order to achieve this future goal, a complete simulation study of the system is performed in both Simulink and RSCAD to validate the viability of the proposed method as a precursor to the actual experimental study. This paper presents this study, which includes a mathematical model of the SRG integrated with the grid, and the simulation results.
Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms: A thirty-year review

The operative records of 2816 patients undergoing repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) from 1955 to 1985 were reviewed. Inflammatory aortic or iliac aneurysms were present in 127 patients (4.5%), 123 men and four women. Most patients were heavy smokers (92.1%). Clinical evidence of peripheral arterial occlusive disease and coronary artery disease was found in 26.6% and 39.4%, respectively. Additional aneurysms occurred in half of the patients; iliac aneurysms were the most common (55 patients), followed by thoracic or thoracoabdominal (17 patients), femoral (16 patients), and popliteal aneurysms (10 patients). Ultrasound and computed tomography suggested the diagnosis in 13.5% and 50%, respectively; angiography was not helpful. Excretory urographic findings of medial ureteral displacement or obstruction suggested the diagnosis in 31.4%. The aneurysm was repaired in 126 patients. Only one patient experienced acute aneurysm rupture, but eight patients had chronic contained leakage. When compared with patients who have ordinary atherosclerotic aneurysms, patients with inflammatory aneurysms are significantly more likely to have an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, 73% vs. 33%, p less than 0.0001); weight loss (20.5% vs. 10%, p less than 0.05); symptoms (66% vs. 20%, p less than 0.0001); and an increased operative mortality rate (7.9% vs. 2.4%, p less than 0.002). The triad of chronic abdominal pain, weight loss, and elevated ESR in a patient with an abdominal aortic aneurysm is highly suggestive of an inflammatory aneurysm and may be beneficial in the preoperative preparation of the patient for aneurysm repair.
Changes in the Surface Morphology of Human Alveolar Macrophages Induced by Tobacco and Marijuana Smoking

The alveolar macrophage (AM) is pleomorphic in shape, with complex surface folds and ruffles. Two morphologic types of human AM from nonsmokers were identified in scanning electron microscopic studies of fresh plastic-adherent mono layers: flat cells (55%) and round cells (45%). The assumption of a flat, or spread, cell shape was complete after 30 min in tissue culture, and was dependent on active cell metabolism. The flat cell appeared to be the more active phagocyte, and the round cell relatively quiescent. Distinct morphologic changes in individual cells in the population were found in specimens from tobacco and marijuana smokers. These studies demonstrate qualitative and quantitative heterogeneity of the human bronchoalveolar lavage AM population, and indicate that this population can change in response to chronic inhaled pollutant exposure.
A New Zygomorphic-Flowered Rinorea (Violaceae) from the Neotropics

A distinctive new species from the Neotropics, Rinorea zygomorpha H. E. Ballard & Wahlert (Violaceae), is described and illustrated. It has several character states unique to Neotropical Rinorea Aublet, including a strongly zygomorphic corolla and single-seeded capsule, which distinguish it from other New World species. The new species is also aberrant in several respects in the family, with bifid dorsal connective appendages, stipitate ovary and fruit, and lateral attachment on the laterally compressed seed. A key is presented to separate this new species from other Neotropical members of Rinorea. An assessment of IUCN status using ArcView GIS software with georeferenced localities places the new species in the Least Concern category.
A Perfect Moral Storm: Climate Change, Intergenerational Ethics and the Problem of Moral Corruption

The peculiar features of the climate change problem pose substantial obstacles to our ability to make the hard choices necessary to address it. Climate change involves the convergence of a set of global, intergenerational and theoretical problems. This convergence justifies calling it a ʻperfect moral stormʼ. One consequence of this storm is that, even if the other difficult ethical questions surrounding climate change could be answered, we might still find it difficult to act. For the storm makes us extremely vulnerable to moral corruption.
Improved laser-damage-resistant polymethyl methacrylate

The effects of moderate monomer purification before polymerization on the bulk laser-damage properties of polymethyl methacrylate were studied with 1.06-μm-wavelength, 8-nsec-FWHM, 33-μm spot-radius pulses from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The results show that monomer purification can more than double the single-shot damage threshold and significantly raise the one-pulse-per-second low-level multiple-shot damage asymptote of the material. Scattered, depolarized helium–neon laser light and certain characteristics of the single- and multipleshot data strongly suggest that removal of micrometer-sized dust is the primary cause of the improved damage resistance in the purified material.
UTD ray tracing for building imaging studies

Radar imaging studies of full-scale buildings present serious electromagnetic modeling challenges. The large electrical size makes numerical methods impractical, and the complexity makes ray methods difficult to apply. In this paper we adapt the NEC-basic scattering code (NEC-BSC) [1] to generate simulated radar scattering data for building imaging purposes. The NEC-BSC is based on the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) ray tracing method [2,3]. The NEC-BSC combines geometrical optics (GO) ray tracing with the edge and corner diffraction contributions of UTD by constructing models build up of basic canonical shapes, such as plates, cylinders, ellipsoids, cone frustums and wires. For buildings we are primarily interested in models made from multi-layered dielectric plates which represent walls, floors and ceilings. The code traces rays through multiple reflections and diffractions to include the dominant building scattering mechanisms shown in Figure 1, such as dihedrals, trihedrals, direct reflection, and edge and corner diffraction. Higher order combinations of reflections and diffractions are also included, as well as transmission through dielectric plates.
In situ tensile load modulates inhibition of MMP-1 expression in tendons cells

To determine the effect of various degrees of tensile loading on the expression of collagenase (MMP-1) in tendon cells, rat tail tendons were statically stressed at 0.16, 0.75, and 25 MPa for 24 hours. In addition, tendons were cyclically stressed (0.017 Hz) at 6% strain (25 MPa) for 24 hours. Northern blot analysis was used to assay for mRNA expression of MMP-1 in stress-deprived as well as stressed tendons. Stress-deprivation for 24 hours resulted in a marked upregulation in the mRNA expression of MMP-1. Static tensile load was found to significantly (but not completely) inhibit mRNA expression of MMP-1 in a dose dependent manner. Low frequency cyclic stress, however, completely inhibited MMP-1 expression. The results of this study suggest that MMP-1 expression in tendon cells can be regulated by tensile stress, presumably through a mechanotransduction pathway.
Hybrid wireless-optical broadband access networks

Hybrid wireless-optical broadband access networks (WOBAN) show excellent promise for future access network. WOBAN has attractive features such as flexibility, robustness, and high capacity. This paper summarizes the architectures, features and research issues in WOBAN.
Accuracy of blood pressure measurement by the Dinamap monitor in infants and children.

Indirect BPs measured by the Dinamap monitor, an oscillometric device, and the conventional auscultatory method were compared with the direct radial artery pressure in infants and children. There were 29 patients in the Dinamap group with a median age of 18 months (ranges 1 month to 16 years) and 20 patients in the auscultatory group with a median age of 3.5 years (ranges 3 months to 16 years). The direct radial artery pressures were recorded on a strip chart and the ranges of pressures were obtained for systolic, diastolic, and mean pressures. The range of the direct readings was converted to a weighted single reading, and comparisons were made between the direct and indirect readings. The linear regression equation between the direct (x) and the Dinamap (y) readings (with correlation coefficient) was y = 1.05x - 5.36 (r = .97) for systolic, y = 1.10x - 4.65 (r = .903) for diastolic, and y = 1.06x - 4.21 (r = .917) for mean pressures. The linear regression equation (with correlation coefficient) for the auscultatory pressure was y = 1.60x - 68.23 (r = .872) and y = 1.38x - 16.47 (r = .874) for diastolic pressures. The error was defined as the indirect reading minus the direct reading. The mean error +/- SD was -0.24 +/- 3.26 for systolic, 1.28 +/- 4.74 for diastolic, and 0.10 +/- 4.56 mm Hg for mean pressures by the Dinamap method. It was -1.65 +/- 6.68 for systolic, and 8.70 +/- 5.97 for diastolic pressures by the auscultatory method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The experimental induction of depersonalization and derealization in panic disorder and nonanxious subjects

The present study evaluated the efficacy of three tasks in inducing depersonalization (DP) and derealization (DR) in three different groups: (a) panic disorder patients who report these symptoms while panicking (PD + DD; n = 10); (b) panic disorder patients never experiencing these symptoms during panic attacks (PD; n = 10); and (c) nonanxious controls (NC; n = 10). Clinical features of the PD+DD and PD Ss were compared as well. Relative to PD Ss, PD + DD Ss evidenced higher levels of depression, trait anxiety, more fear of panic, and had a briefer duration of their disorder. A substantial proportion of NC Ss reported past DP and DR experiences. DP and DR induction procedures were the following: staring at a dot on the wall, staring in a mirror, and silent repetition of one's name. Results indicated two tasks (mirror and dot) successfully elicited these sensations above baseline levels with DP reported more frequently and intensely than DR for all Ss. The PD + DD Ss evidenced greater baseline-to-task increases in DP and DR relative to the other two groups and exhibited a differential fear response, particularly on the dot task, with 30% of these Ss intentionally distracting themselves or terminating the induction.
Prefetch-Aware DRAM Controllers

Existing DRAM controllers employ rigid, non-adaptive scheduling and buffer management policies when servicing prefetch requests. Some controllers treat prefetch requests the same as demand requests, others always prioritize demand requests over prefetch requests. However, none of these rigid policies result in the best performance because they do not take into account the usefulness of prefetch requests. If prefetch requests are useless, treating prefetches and demands equally can lead to significant performance loss and extra bandwidth consumption. In contrast, if prefetch requests are useful, prioritizing demands over prefetches can hurt performance by reducing DRAM throughput and delaying the service of useful requests. This paper proposes a new low-cost memory controller, called Prefetch-Aware DRAM Controller (PADC), that aims to maximize the benefit of useful prefetches and minimize the harm caused by useless prefetches. To accomplish this, PADC estimates the usefulness of prefetch requests and dynamically adapts its scheduling and buffer management policies based on the estimates. The key idea is to 1) adaptively prioritize between demand and prefetch requests, and 2) drop useless prefetches to free up memory system resources, based on the accuracy of the prefetcher. Our evaluation shows that PADC significantly outperforms previous memory controllers with rigid prefetch handling policies on both single- and multi-core systems with a variety of prefetching algorithms. Across a wide range of multiprogrammed SPEC CPU 2000/2006 workloads, it improves system performance by 8.2%on a 4-core system and by 9.9%on an 8-core system while reducing DRAM bandwidth consumption by 10.7% and 9.4% respectively.
Individual and Environmental Predictors of College Adjustment: Prevention and Intervention

In this study, an ecological model was used to expand the current understanding of what contributes to college adjustment. Individual and environmental variables, and their relative contributions to college adjustment, were explored. This study also included the additional feature of the examination of environmental variables as possible mediators between the individual variables and college adjustment. The sample included 240 college freshmen at a large urban university. As predicted, both groups of variables accounted for significant proportions of variance in college adjustment. Further, the combination of both groups explained a greater proportion of variance than did either group alone. Maladaptive coping and perceived university environment were the most essential to college adjustment. Surprisingly, social support and gender were not essential for college adjustment. However, the environmental variables proved to be significant partial mediators between the individual variables and college adjustment. Finally, possible interventions and suggestions for future research are outlined.
The Arbitrary Project of Protecting Environmental Migrants

The literature of environmental migration is divided. Some authors call for the protection of environmental migrants. Others argue that the concept is arbitrary and protection should be extended to all forced migrants. This chapter identifies three narratives: the rights narrative, the responsibility narrative, and the security narrative. I argue that none of these narratives justifies the implementation of a new governance mechanism for environmental migrants, who are not distinctively more vulnerable than other categories of migrants or non-migrants. Yet, this chapter also shows that virtually nothing in the contemporary governance of migration is based on systematic rational arguments. For example, the nexus requirement in the conventional definition of a refugee excludes many from the protection they need. This shows that the international governance of migration is largely framed by what states perceive as their own interests rather than by ethical considerations. Despite the arbitrariness, the concepts of environmental migration and climate migration could generate change because they attract significant attention. Other challenges are related to the definitions of migrant categories in need of protection—recognizing that states would prefer a narrow definition of environmental migrant. Essentially, protection of environmental migrants must be viewed as a first step toward the protection of the most vulnerable and must contribute to developing the capacities of the states most impacted by environmental degradation.
Exploring Physics and Control of Twin Supersonic Circular Jets

The closely spaced twin-jet configuration often seen in military aircraft is distinct from the single jet in both the flowfield and acoustic field. The twin-jet plumes interact with each other weakly or strongly, depending upon the distance between the two jets, the jet operating flow regime, and the Mach number. In the current study, the interaction mechanisms and coupling of a supersonic twin jet exhausting from biconical converging–diverging nozzles with a design Mach number of 1.23 at a separation distance of two nozzle exit diameters are investigated using near-field pressure measurements and phase-locked flow visualization. Across a series of jet operating Mach numbers, the twin-jet plumes feature three major jet azimuthal modes: axisymmetric, helical, and flapping. The jet flapping mode is strongly augmented in the twin-jet configuration compared to the single-jet case. Along the twin-jet plane, which is also the plane of the jet flapping direction, jet plumes with coherent flow structures are obse...
Spontaneous peritonitis in cirrhotic ascites. A decade of experience.

In a ten-year retrospective study 15 cases of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis were identified. All patients had cirrhosis and ascites. Abdominal pain was present in all and abdominal tenderness in 11. Diagnosis was established by paracentesis with the finding of either an elevated ascitic fluid cell count (>300 WBC/mm3) in 13 cases or organisms and numerous neutrophiles on gram stain in 6 cases. On ascitic fluid cultureE coli was the most common organism isolated in 6 cases, klebsiella was isolated in 3 cases, andDiplococcus pneumoniae (D. pneumoniae) in 2 cases. Positive blood cultures were obtained in 60% of the cases. Three patients responded to therapy, including antibiotics, and survived to leave the hospital. No features unequivocally differentiated the survivors. The nonsurvivors died from complications of advanced liver disease including hepatic coma, hepatorenal syndrome, and esophageal variceal hemorrhage. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a potentially treatable cause of deterioration in the patient with cirrhotic ascites. Because of its varied presentation it may escape recognition despite ease of diagnosis. Prompt recognition requires awareness of this entity.
Synthesis Studies on the Lomaiviticin A Aglycone Core: Development of a Divergent, Two-Directional Strategy

The enantiomer of the bicyclic lomaiviticin aglycone A core was prepared via a two-directional, divergent approach featuring (1) a double Ireland Claisen rearrangement to establish key core bonds with correct relative stereochemistry and (2) a double olefin metathesis reaction to deliver both cyclohexene rings of the target.
Epidemiological investigation on causes of the decline in the epidemic situation of human brucellosis

Objectives To explore the causes of the decline of human brucellosis and provide scientific evidence to develop the measures for the prevention and control of the disease.Methods Survey areas were selected,in which the epidemic situation of human brucellosis was serious and the epidemic situation was significantly declined in 2010 compared with 2009.Materials of resident livestock,livestock brucellosis,human brucellosis and preventive measure changed from 2009 to 2010 were collected and investigated in the villages and the counties.The causes of the decline in human brucellosis were analyzed.Results The decline in human brucellosis in 2010 was related with the decline in livestock breeding stock,farming households rate,population of farming,livestock brucellosis and the number of households with livestock brucellosis.Conclusion The decline in sheep breeding stock and the decrease in sheep brucellosis which were caused by graze-prohibiting,it is the major factor of influencing the reduction in human brucellosis.
Understanding the Individual and Family Effects of Unemployment

In spite of Rosabeth Ranter’s (1977) persuasive call to treat work and family as interacting rather than independent spheres of influence in studies of socioenvironmental determinants of individual well-being, relatively little research has been done in the last 10 years that explicitly examines the interplay between work and family conditions and individual functioning. Notable exceptions are Piotrkowski’s (1979) book, Work and the Family System, in which she describes in some detail how jobs both inside and outside the family make demands on workers that influence the quality of family life and the physical and psychological wellbeing of family members, and Elder’s classic study, Children of the Great Depression (1974), and related work (Elder & Caspi, 1988) in which he details the relationship between economic stress, family adaptations, and the personality development of children.
Reasoning With Tools and Inscriptions

The unit of analysis that I use when discussing the 2 sample episodes is that of a classroom mathematical practice together with the students' diverse ways of contributing to its continual regeneration. Analyses cast in terms of this unit account for the mathematical learning of the classroom community. As I clarify, a classroom mathematical practice is itself composed of 3 interrelated types of norms: a normative purpose, normative standards of argumentation, and normative ways of reasoning with tools and inscriptions. In keeping with the theme of this special issue, I step back from the sample analysis by focusing on the last of these 3 aspects. In doing so, I introduce the notion of a chain of signification to illustrate a way of accounting for mathematical learning in semiotic terms.
Society and Education

Every experiencer lives in a world which is shared by many other experiencers, and takes perspectives which also are taken jointly and partly shared by other experiencers. Human individuals participate jointly in perspectives and activities, manipulate signs and communicate with each other, belong to many different communities. The sheer fact of sociality in human experience is overwhelmingly manifest: we live in a world filled with the impacts of other men, and a significant aspect of any human life is the result of response to the products and judgments of other men. Language, communication, and meaning are vital aspects of experience, operative in all social situations. The sociality of human experience has ramifications in the most private, surreptitious movements and responses, and the realm of meanings, significances, values—the central material of experience—is dominated by the social influences surrounding it.
A CASE OF NON-FEBRILE SEIZURES DUE TO CHRONIC SALICYLATE INTOXICATION FOLLOWING PROLONGED HOUSEHOLD EXPOSURE TO INCENSE STICK FUMES (P3.250)

Background:Incidence of acute salicylate intoxication in children has declined (mortality reduction 34[percnt]) with limitation of the dose of aspirin in tablets and child resistant packaging. However, salicylate containing products like incense and candles are found in most households and can be a source of intoxication. CASE: A 3 years old girl presented to the ER after first episode of non-febrile, generalized tonic clonic seizure. Examination was within normal limits. ABG revealed respiratory alkalosis with metabolic acidosis. Initial investigation revealed serum salicylate level of 19mg/dl with a repeat after 5 hours of 17mg/dl. She had two episodes of seizures in PICU, one resolved spontaneously in 40secs, following which she was loaded with Levetiracetam. She then had another seizure 3 hours later which lasted for 7 minutes and resolved with Lorazepam. On neurologist9s recommendation, she was started on Fosphenytoin. Parents denied any other symptoms, prior head injury or exposure to any known toxin. Milestones were normal. EEG and MRI brain were normal. Administration for Children9s Services investigated the home and found chronic exposure to incense stick (salicylates 10-20[percnt]) fumes continuously in the room. No other contributory sources were reported. Poison Control was informed. Further exposure to incense sticks was stopped and parents were counseled, thereafter she had no seizures and resumed normal growth on follow up. Discussion: Chronic salicylate intoxication occurs with lower serum concentrations as, over time, a larger amount of salicylate is distributed to tissues. Although there is no absolute correlation between the plasma salicylate concentration and symptoms, signs of intoxication are seen when the concentration exceeds 25mg/dL. Life threatening complications of intoxication may be seen while plasma concentrations are declining and clinicians must follow patients closely. Conclusion: All salicylate-containing products should have an appropriate warning label. It is important that health care providers are aware of the potential risk. Disclosure: Dr. Shekhawat has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rajagopalan has nothing to disclose.
Ultrastructural changes in the mucosa of canine gastric allografts.

The morphologic changes associated with rejection of fundic glands of gastric allografts were studied by means of high resolution light microscopy and electron microscopy. The study was performed using both untreated and immunosuppressive treated dogs. Morphologic findings were correlated with acid secretory studies. In untreated dogs changes associated with rejection developed at 72 hours following transplantation and initially involved selected structures in the parietal cell cytoplasm. Rejection was completed at 120 hours. Grafts in treated dogs survived over 300 hours. In these dogs, initial degenerative changes were not limited to parietal cells but occurred simultaneously in chief cells. These changes involved more cells and cellular components than in the untreated dogs. The stromal changes were similar in both groups and consisted of vascular congestion and lymphocytic infiltration of stroma and glands. Acid secretion was found to be directly correlated to immuno-induced parietal cell changes.
A Lower Bound for the Critical Probability in the One‐Quadrant Oriented‐Atom Percolation Process

THE percolation process considered here is over the lattice L in the Cartesian plane consisting of all points (x, y) such that either x or y is a non-negative integer. Points with integer coordinates are called atoms while the lines connecting adjacent atoms are called bonds. This terminology follows that of Broadbent and Hammersley (1957) who intr6duced these concepts. Percolation processes will be thought of as dealing with the flow of a deterministic fluid through a random medium, where the terms fluid and medium admit of various interpretations. Examples and applications may be found in Broadbent and Hammersley (1957).