cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modulating Neural Circuits with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Implications for Addiction Treatment Development.

Although the last 50 years of clinical and preclinical research have demonstrated that addiction is a brain disease, we still have no neural circuit–based treatments for substance dependence or cue reactivity at large. Now, for the first time, it appears that a noninvasive brain stimulation technique known as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which is Food and Drug Administration approved to treat depression, may be the first tool available to fill this critical void in addiction treatment development. The goals of this review are to 1) introduce TMS as a tool to induce causal change in behavior, cortical excitability, and frontal–striatal activity; 2) describe repetitive TMS (rTMS) as an interventional tool; 3) provide an overview of the studies that have evaluated rTMS as a therapeutic tool for alcohol and drug use disorders; and 4) outline a conceptual framework for target selection when designing future rTMS clinical trials in substance use disorders. The manuscript concludes with some suggestions for methodological innovation, specifically with regard to combining rTMS with pharmacotherapy as well as cognitive behavioral training paradigms. We have attempted to create a comprehensive manuscript that provides the reader with a basic set of knowledge and an introduction to the primary experimental questions that will likely drive the field of TMS treatment development forward for the next several years.
Filtration Equipment and Process Flow Sheets

The chapter provides a compendium of filtration machinery and auxiliary equipment, along with typical process flow sheets in diagrammatic form. The principle design features and configurations for different filter machines are briefly discussed along with examples of flocculators, chemical feedstock systems for conditioning operations, and centrifuges. The purpose of the chapter is to explain generic design configurations, operating principles, mode or scheme of operation, and typical process flow sheets. This collection of schematics and process flow sheets will assist a newcomer in establishing preliminary design concepts and process flow system layouts. Because of the overwhelming numbers, types, and variations of filtration equipment, not all commercially available systems or process schemes are included in the chapter.
Augmentation of natural enemies for control of plant pests in the Western Hemisphere.

Augmentation is defined as periodically increasing either the number of parasites or predators or the supply of their food resources to assure that adequate numbers of parasites and predators are present to provide the desired level of pest control. Similar definitions have been used previously (Ridgway 1972, Rabb et al. 1976). The release of natural enemies has also been classified as being either inoculative or inundative (DeBach and Hagen 1964). Inoculative releases appropriately describe releases of natural enemies for the purpose of colonizing populations to regulate pest populations through in-field reproduction of the released species. However, the use of inundative releases to describe all other augmentative releases may be misleading since by definition inundative means “to flood or to overwhelm by great numbers.”
Pattern Recognition Analysis of Acoustic Emission Data from 7075-T651 Aluminum Simulated Joint Specimens

The objective of the work described in this paper is to develop signal analysis techniques that can automatically discriminate be-tween non-critical acoustic emission (AE) from crack growth and acoustic noise signals, such as fretting, of fasteners. The ultimate application of this work is for in-flight AE monitoring of critical aircraft structures.
A closer look: Socio-structural influences on teacher–child interactions during project work:

An increasing amount of attention and public funding has been dedicated in recent years to the field of Early Childhood Education and the expansion of early childhood programs in the United States....
Risk Management with Clients Who Stalk, Threaten, and Harass Mental Health Professionals

Although most psychologists will at some point be confronted with a client who engages in stalking, threatening, or harassing behavior (STHB), few feel prepared to manage these situations. In this article, the results of a survey of 112 psychologists who endorsed experiencing STHB are reported. Psychologists were asked about their perceptions of client motivations and personality pathology, frequency of use of 18 risk management responses, and perceived effectiveness of these responses. The effectiveness of risk management strategies differed by client level of personality organization and motivation for STHB. Some of the most commonly used risk management responses were among those most likely to result in adverse outcomes, particularly with certain types of clients. Efforts to develop empirically derived risk management strategies for clinicians confronted with STHB should integrate contextual variables, such as client personality and motivation.
Highly expressed genes in the foliage of giant leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala subsp. glabrata), a nutritious fodder legume in the tropics

Giant leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala subsp. glabrata) is an arboreal tree legume, which is widely grown as a source of high-protein fodder for animals. The goal of this research was to identify ge...
Urinary indices during dehydration, exercise, and rehydration

This investigation evaluated the validity and sensitivity of urine color (Ucol), specific gravity (Usg), and osmolality (Uosm) as indices of hydration status, by comparing them to changes in body water. Nine highly trained males underwent a 42-hr protocol involving dehydration to 3.7% of body mass (Day 1, -2.64 kg), cycling to exhaustion (Day 2, -5.2% of body mass, -3.68 kg), and oral rehydration for 21 hr. The ranges of mean (across time) blood and urine values were Ucol, 1-7; Usg, 1.004-1.029; Uosm, 117-1,081 mOsm x kg-1; and plasma osmolality (Posm), 280-298 mOsm x kg-1. Urine color tracked changes in body water as effectively as (or better than) Uosm, Usg, urine volume, Posm, plasma sodium, and plasma total protein. We concluded that (a) Ucol, Uosm, and Usg are valid indices of hydration status, and (b) marked dehydration, exercise, and rehydration had little effect on the validity and sensitivity of these indices.
Histochemical and autoradiographic study of injured and uninjured dystrophic () and normal muscle

Abstract A combination of morphological, histochemical, and autoradiographic techniques was used to study muscle regeneration in the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of normal ( C57BL 6J +/+ ) and dystrophic ( C57BL 6J dy 2 J dy 2 J ) mice. The present study is the first demonstration that dy 2 J dy 2 J muscle can successfully regenerate in vivo. The presence of labeled nuclei in dy 2 J dy 2 J muscle fibers as long as 42 days after injection of tritiated thymidine confirmed the ability of dy 2 J dy 2 J muscle to support both spontaneous as well as injury-induced muscle regeneration. Many of these regenerating fibers were capable of becoming histochemically “normal” (i.e., red, intermediate, white) in terms of their succinic dehydrogenase, alkali-stable ATPase, and acid-stable ATPase staining. The comparative pattern and rate of histochemical and morphological changes in the labeled regenerating normal and dy 2 J dy 2 J muscle fibers was similar. After a crush injury, the dystrophic muscle was able to regenerate approximately the same percentage of histochemically “normal” and “abnormal” type fibers as in its contralateral uninjured control muscle. The injured dy 2 J dy 2 J muscle did not appear to become more severely “dystrophic” as a result of the injury. The results reported here for the dy 2 J dy 2 J mice were compared with similar studies dealing with the dy dy form of muscular dystrophy.
Hereditary Colon Cancer: Colonic Polyposis Syndromes

In the U.S., the lifetime risk of colorectal cancer among both men and women is approximately 6% [1]. Although as many as 25% of colorectal cancers are associated with a family history of the disease, approximately 3–5% of cases arise in the setting of well-described familial genetic syndromes [2]. The most prevalent familial colorectal cancer syndrome is Lynch syndrome or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Patients with Lynch do not present clinically with an unusually heavy burden of adenomatous polyps, the precursor to the vast majority of colorectal cancers. On the other hand, the remaining 1–2% of hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes are characterized by significant polyposis. These syndromes can be broadly classified as adenomatous polyposis syndromes, hamartomatous polyposis syndromes, and the hyperplastic polyposis syndrome (Table 5.1). In this chapter, we review the salient clinical and genetic features of each of these polyposis syndromes.
On the expected maximum of a birth-and-death process

Abstract We describe a simple continuous time process obtained by pointwise addition of finitely many i.i.d. 0–1 processes with alternating exponential regimes. We investigate the asymptotic mean value of the maxima (the peaks) reached within the non-zero zones. In this short communication we show that the computation of this quantity leads to a transcendental equation that, to the best of our knowledge, has not appeared before in the literature.
Changes in Functional Status and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults After Surgical, Interventional, or Medical Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Functional status and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are important outcomes, particularly among older patients. However, data on such patient-centered outcomes after cardiac surgery are limited. We evaluated the incidence and predictors of decline in functional status and HRQoL among older patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Participants were age 75 years or older hospitalized for AMI at 94 US sites. We examined decline in functional status (defined as decline in 1 or more activities of daily living, ADLs), as well as mental (MCS) and physical component scales (PCS) of the SF-12 to assess HRQoL (5-point decline or greater in each scale) between 1 month prior to the hospitalization and 6 months after. Multivariable model compared the risk of decline after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and medical management. Among 3041 patients (1708 PCI, 362 CABG, and 971 medical management), 1525 (50.2%) experienced decline in 1 or more domain: 633 (20.8%) declined in ADLs, 786 (25.9%) declined in the MCS, and 1078 (35.5%) declined in the PCS. The unadjusted incidence of ADL decline was the lowest among patients who underwent CABG (n = 50, 13.8%) compared with PCI (n = 271, 15.9%) or medical management (n = 312, 32.1%). Patients who underwent CABG and PCI had lower adjusted risk of decline in functional and HRQoL compared with those who received medical therapy. The risks after CABG and PCI were not significantly different. Over half of older patients significantly declined in function or HRQoL after AMI. Compared with medical management, risk of decline was lower in those who underwent revascularization.
Preventing Mistakes in Health Care

This chapter is an overview of types of harm in healthcare and how patient safety is approached in hospitals and healthcare systems. Person-level strategies and organization-level strategies to improve patient safety are discussed. The chapter closes with a call to action for patients, professionals in healthcare, policymakers, payers, and the public.
Interfacial characteristics between flattened CNT stacks and polyimides: A molecular dynamics study

Abstract New fabrication methods for carbon nanotube (CNT) networks have been reported, producing self-assembled stacks of flattened CNTs (flCNTs), which could potentially be infiltrated with polymers for enhanced load transfer. In this work, Molecular Dynamics simulation is used to model flCNT/polyimide nano-composites to characterize the interfacial characteristics. Two polyimides, fluorinated and non-fluorinated, are simulated and compared on the basis of interfacial interaction energy, friction force, and transverse strength. The results indicate that the fluorinated polyimide exhibits a lower interaction energy, higher frictional force, and higher peak strength in transverse tension relative to the non-fluorinated polyimide, which is likely due to the steric hindrance and interlocking of the fluorine atoms. The presence of polyimide significantly enhances the interfacial friction over bare incommensurate flCNTs. This study is intended to drive the design of new light-weight, high-strength materials involving flCNTs for aerospace structural applications.
Four Billion Little Brothers? Privacy, mobile phones, and ubiquitous data collection: Participatory sensing technologies could improve our lives and our communities, but at what cost to our privacy?

They place calls, surf the Internet, and there are close to 4 billion of them in the world. Their built-in microphones, cameras, and location awareness can collect images, sound, and GPS data. Beyond chatting and texting, these features could make phones ubiquitous, familiar tools for quantifying personal patterns and habits. They could also be platforms for thousands to document a neighborhood, gather evidence to make a case, or study mobility and health. This data could help you understand your daily carbon footprint, exposure to air pollution, exercise habits, and frequency of interactions with family and friends.
Project ECHO Integrated Within the Oregon Rural Practice-based Research Network (ORPRN)

Two key advancements in improving the quality of primary care have been practice-based research networks (PBRNs) and Project Extension for Community Health care Outcomes (ECHO). PBRNs advance quality through research and transformation projects, often using practice facilitation. Project ECHO uses case-based telementoring to support community clinicians to deliver best-practice care. Although some PBRNs sponsor ECHO programs, the Oregon Rural Practice-based Research Network (ORPRN) has created a statewide network for ECHO programs (Oregon ECHO Network [OEN]). We facilitated a unique funding stream for the OEN by partnering with payers and health systems. The purpose of this article is to share our experience of how OEN programs and ORPRN research and transformation projects enhance practice recruitment and retention and improve financial stability. We describe the synergy between ORPRN projects and ECHO programs using 3 examples: tobacco cessation, chronic pain and opioid prescribing, and diabetes management. We highlight challenges and opportunities in these examples, beginning with their development, their implementation, and their ultimate alignment, despite varied funding streams and timelines. We believe that incorporating the OEN within ORPRN has been a success for both PBRN research and Project ECHO programs, allowing us to better support primary care practices across the state.
243 Clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients with varicella zoster virus

Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) causes shingles in adults and may be reactivated in stress related states such as inflammation There is minimal literature on whether patients with VZV who contract COVID19 are at higher risks of complications and therefore the aim was to examine this A retrospective cohort study was done using TriNetX, a national federated real time database of 63 million records COVID patients were identified by validated ICD-10 and serology codes per CDC guidelines An 1:1 matched propensity score analysis was conducted, adjusting for comorbidities and demographics, to calculate adjusted Risk Ratios (aRR) with 95% CI 45-day COVID complications were examined with severe COVID being defined as a composite of mortality and ventilation Subgroup analyses were also performed for VZV patients with a one-year history of antivirals In a matched sample of 3493 patients in each cohort, there was no statistically significant difference between VZV-COVID patients and non-VZV COVID patients in outcomes such as hospitalization (1 01[0 83-1 22]), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (1 41[0 96-2 07]), mechanical ventilation (0 98[0 75-1 28]), mortality (1 04[0 82-1 31]), and severe COVID (1 01[0 83-1 22]) VZV-COVID patients were at a statistically significant higher risk for sepsis (1 64[1 25-2 16]) Subgroup analysis revealed that VZV-COVID patients with a history of antiviral use were at statistically significant higher risks for hospitalization (1 37[1 07-1 74]) and severe COVID (1 65[1 01-2 75]) than VZV-COVID patients not on antivirals No differences between the cohorts were seen in ARDS, sepsis, mechanical ventilation, and morality VZV patients with COVID are not at higher risk for COVID complications compared to COVID patients without VZV However, history of antiviral use in VZV-COVID patients has a higher risk for severe COVID compared those without antivirals Additional research is needed to visit the longer term impacts of COVID on VZV patients
Social Justice is the Spirit and Aim of an Applied Science of Human Behavior: Moving from Colonial to Participatory Research Practices

It is time for a paradigm shift in the science of applied behavior analysis. Our current approach to applied research perpetuates power imbalances. We posit that the purpose of applied behavior analysis is to enable and expand human rights and to eliminate the legacies of colonial, oppressive social structures. We report the findings from our examination of the content of our flagship applied research journal. We reviewed 50 years of applied experiments from the standpoint of respect, beneficence, justice, and the participation of individuals and communities. Although there is some promise and movement toward inclusion, our findings indicate that we have not prioritized full participation across all segments of society, especially persons and communities that are marginalized. Social justice rests on the belief that human life is to be universally cherished and valued. In this article, we suggest that policies, strategies, and research practices within our field be interwoven with a commitment to social justice, including racial justice, for all. We offer recommendations to neutralize and diffuse power imbalances and to work toward a shift from colonial to participatory practices in the methods and aims of our applied science.
Germline testing in community oncology patients with somatic BRCA1/2 mutations.

1523Background: The primary purpose of tumor mutation profiling (TMP) is to molecularly characterize tumors to identify targeted treatments and improve outcomes, but it may also uncover germline mu...
The Faces of Institutionalized Discrimination and Systemic Oppression in Higher Education: Uncovering the Lived Experience of Bias and Procedural Inequity:

With seven cases drawn from both personal experience and informal interviews with colleagues from other research-intensive universities, we attempt to demonstrate the forms institutionalized discri...
Errors in CT colonography

CT colonography (CTC) is a colorectal cancer screening modality which is becoming more widely implemented and has shown polyp detection rates comparable to those of optical colonoscopy. CTC has the potential to improve population screening rates due to its minimal invasiveness, no sedation requirement, potential for reduced cathartic examination, faster patient throughput, and cost-effectiveness. Proper implementation of a CTC screening program requires careful attention to numerous factors, including patient preparation prior to the examination, the technical aspects of image acquisition, and post-processing of the acquired data. A CTC workstation with dedicated software is required with integrated CTC-specific display features. Many workstations include computer-aided detection software which is designed to decrease errors of detection by detecting and displaying polyp-candidates to the reader for evaluation. There are several pitfalls which may result in false-negative and false-positive reader interpretation. We present an overview of the potential errors in CTC and a systematic approach to avoid them.
Comparison of Various Factor Analyses of Cardiovascular-Respiratory Test Variables

Abstract Various factor analyses completed in the area of cardiovascular-respiratory tests between 1936 and 1962 were studied and the factors grouped into clusters of resting state, change of postural position from quiet sitting to lying or standing, moderate circulatory performing capacity, maximal performing capacity, recuperative ability after exercise, and respiratory capacity and reserve. The cardiovascular-respiratory tests were grouped according to three different types and periods of factor analyses. The factors from various studies are affected by the type of subjects, the body positions, and the relative state of fitness, and they can usually be subdivided. The various tests in the quiet state indicate relative sympathetic or parasympathetic dominance, blood flow, cardiac output, and metabolism. The electrocardiographic and ballistocardiographic observations have been included only in the last factor analyses. Moderate circulatory performing capacity tests indicate that there is relative economy...
Slumulation: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach to Slum Formations

Slums provide shelter for nearly one third of the world's urban population, most of them in the developing world. Slumulation represents an agent-based model which explores questions such as i) how slums come into existence, expand or disappear ii) where and when they emerge in a city and iii) which processes may improve housing conditions for urban poor. The model has three types of agents that influence emergence or sustenance of slums in a city: households, developers and politicians, each of them playing distinct roles. We model a multi-scale spatial environment in a stylized form that has housing units at the micro-scale and electoral wards consisting of multiple housing units at the macro-scale. Slums emerge as a result of human-environment interaction processes and inter-scale feedbacks within our model.
The impact of knowledge types on the consumer search process: An investigation in the context of credence services

Previous research provides evidence for a conceptual distinction between self‐assessed and objective knowledge, and relatively little is known about the relationship between knowledge and information search. The current research provides empirical evidence for differentiating the two knowledge types. Furthermore, it suggests that the relative effects of the two types of knowledge on pre‐purchase information search depend on the type of information source. Consistent with prior research, this study shows that self‐assessed knowledge is strongly linked to the consumer’s use of personal sources of information, including internal memory searches and word‐of‐mouth communication. Conversely, objective knowledge seems to have a positive impact on the consumer’s motivation to seek external information (e.g. newspaper articles, mass media sources) about the service provider. Managerial implications for professional service providers are discussed
All's WELL That Ends: The Origins and Future of Online Community

This presentation is focused on the connections between online community and commerce/economics, particularly the rhetoric of community as it has been taken up by those in e-commerce endeavors. It makes the case that the most influential symbol for online community, the WELL (Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link) should be examined in light of sociocultural trends apart from Internet-related ones, most importantly those that began to shape the social mores of the Baby Boom generation in the late 1960s. Of particular importance is the borrowing of language and ideas from Sixties literature and song in subsequent structuring of community discourse. Examining the rhetoric of online community in this context will add a missing link to ongoing debates about the construction of online community. The presentation will conclude with a discussion of the consequences of telepresence and immersive technologies for online community.
Teachers' Ratings of the Acceptability of Curriculum-Based Assessment Methods.

General and special education teachers evaluated the acceptability of two psychoeducational assessment techniques, curriculum-based assessment (CBA) and published, norm-referenced tests (PNRT). Usi...
Conservation Genetics of Pacific Salmon. III. Estimating Effective Population Size

The temporal method for estimating the effective population number from the standardized variance of allele frequency change (F^) is evaluated for a model incorporating the unusual life history features of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). Computer simulations were used to establish the relationship between F^ and N b , the effective number of breeders per year
Abscisic acid as an inhibitor of RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase in vitro

Abscisic acid interacts with DNA which increases the stability of the double strand against heat or alkaline denaturation. Abscisic acid added to RNA polymerase systems isolated from the chromatin of coconut nuclei inhibits RNA synthesis by lowering the template activity of DNA. No interaction with RNA polymerase or the initiation factor (factor B) is discernible.
The calcium-sensing receptor in the breast

Normal breast epithelial cells and breast cancer cells express the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), the master regulator of systemic calcium metabolism. During lactation, activation of the CaSR in mammary epithelial cells downregulates parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) levels in milk and in the circulation, and increases calcium transport into milk. In contrast, in breast cancer cells the CaSR upregulates PTHrP production. A switch in G-protein usage underlies the opposing effects of the CaSR on PTHrP expression in normal and malignant breast cells. During lactation, the CaSR in normal breast cells coordinates a feedback loop that matches the transport of calcium into milk and maternal calcium metabolism to the supply of calcium. A switch in CaSR G-protein usage during malignant transformation converts this feedback loop into a feed-forward cycle in breast cancer cells that may promote the growth of osteolytic skeletal metastases.
Technology literacy for undergraduate liberal arts students: a course in communications systems and technology

The Annenberg School of Communications at the University of Southern California is teaching undergraduate, liberal arts students about modern technology through a course in communications systems. The objective of the course is to demystify communication technology and give the student a fundamental knowledge of the workings of modern media. The use of such familiar examples as television, the telephone, and stereo excites student interest and curiosity and thus helps make the learning experience more meaningful.
The 1986 Tax Reform Act and ex-dividend day price and volume patterns: Evidence from organized exchanges and the OTC market

By effectively removing the differential taxation of dividends and capital gains, the 1986 Tax Reform Act provides a unique opportunity to re-examine the “tax induced clientele” explanation of ex-dividend day price behavior. The analysis indicates an increased preference for dividends and provides evidence of significant abnormal volume during the ex-dividend period, consistent with dividend induced trading activity. In addition, the level of dividend preference is found to be far greater on the organized exchanges than in OTC trading.
Retinoids induce tissue transglutaminase in NIH-3T3 cells.

Abstract We report that all-trans and 13-cis-retinoic acid as well as the synthetic compound CH-55 enhance tissue transglutaminase activity as they increase NIH-3T3 cell adhesiveness. The 4-hydroxyphenylretinamide (4-HPR) with low activity in inducing attachment, lectin binding and growth inhibition also fails to induce tranglutaminase. Thyroxine (Thy), a compound with a response element common to RA, is inactive. The tumor promoter 12-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), which increases adhesiveness with different kinetics than RA, failed to enhance tranglutaminase. We conclude that retinoids with biological activity in inducing adhesion, inhibition of growth and increase of lectin binding, are also active in inducing transglutaminase activity.
Recombinant caprine 3H-[N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase] and human 3H-[N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase]: plasma clearance, tissue distribution, and cellular uptake in the rat.

The use of recombinant lysosomal enzymes for enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is likely to be a necessary component of effective treatment regimens for lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). The mechanism and rate of uptake into target cells, rate of disappearance of the enzyme from plasma, and its tissue distribution are important factors to assess the need for possible modifications to the enzyme, particularly for LSDs that affect the central nervous system (CNS). Two recombinant lysosomal enzymes, caprine N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase (rc6S) and human N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase (rh4S), deficient in MPS IIID and MPS VI, respectively, were radiolabeled and purified. The major portion (>77%) of each recombinant enzyme contained the mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) recognition marker as demonstrated by their ability to bind to a M6P receptor affinity column. The uptake of 3H-rc6S and 3H-rh4S into cultured rat brain cells was also inhibited by the addition of 5 mM M6P to the culture medium. After iv administration of 0.4–0.5 mg/kg of 3H-rc6S and 1 mg/kg of 3H-rh4S to the rat, both enzymes were rapidly lost from the circulation in a biphasic fashion (t 1/2 for 3H-rc6S=1.25±0.15 min and 37.17±23.29 min; t 1/2 for 3H-rh4S=0.41 and 5.3 min). At this dose, about 6% of 3H-rc6S, but only 0.49% of 3H-rh4S, remained in the plasma 4 h after administration, whereas approx 30% of 3H-rc6S and more than 50% of 3H-rh4S was found in the liver. At doses of 1.6–2.0 mg/kg of 3H-rc6S and 1 mg/kg 3H-rh4S, but not at the lower dose of 3H-rc6S, trace levels of both 3H-rc6S and 3H-rh4S were detected in the brain. The low level of enzyme recovered from the brain suggests that modification of rc6S will be necessary to achieve sufficient enzyme uptake into the CNS for effective therapy of MPS IIID.
Preparation of methylcis-9,cis-12,cis-15-octadecatrienoate-15,16-d 2 and methylcis-9,cis-12,cis-15-octadecatrienoate-6,6,7,7-d 4.

Methylcis-9,cis-12,cis-15-octadecatrienoate-15,16-d 2 was obtained from Wittig coupling of methyl 12-oxo-cis-9-dodecenoate,18, and 3,4-dideutero-cis-3-hexenyltriphenylphosphonium bromide,16. Compound18 was obtained by periodic acid oxidation of methyl 12,13-dihydroxy-cis-9-octadecenoate,17, obtained fromVernonia oil. Compound18 also was synthesized from methyl oleate as the starting material. The deuterated fragment,16, was prepared from 3-hexynol and using Lindlar's catalyst and deuterium gas to introduce the deuterium atoms.Methylcis-9,cis-12,cis-15-octadecatrienoate-6,6,7,7-d 4 was prepared by Wittig coupling of 3,6-nonadienyltriphenylphosphonium iodide,5, with methyl 9-oxononanoate-6,6,7,7-d 4,11. Deuterium atoms were introduced during the synthesis of11 from 3-butynol and 5-bromopentanoic acid with deuterium gas in the presence of [Ph3P]3-RhCl. For the preparation of5, the 3,6-nonadiynol intermediate was reduced to 3,6-nonadienol with P-2 Nickel and hydrogen.The final products were separated from isomers formed during the synthetic sequences by silver resin chromatography.
Alkali Tungstates: Stability Relations in the Systems A2O WO3‐WO3

Phase relations in the systems alkali monotungstate-tungsten trioxide were investigated in the range 600° to 1100°C.In the Li system, compounds with an A2O/WO3 ratio of 1:2 and 1:4 are stable and melt incongruently at 745° and 805°C, respectively. In the Na system, the 1:2 compound melts congruently at 746°C, whereas the other 2 sodium tungstates (1:4 and 1:6) melt incongruently at 835° and 913°C, respectively. The K system includes compounds of 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:6 which melt incongruently at 684°, 842°, 912°, and 964°C, respectively. Eutectic points between the 1:l and 1:2 compounds in these respective systems are at 692°C and 56 mol%WO3, 622°C and 56.3 mol% WO3, and 633°C and 63 mol%WO3. In the Rb and Cs systems, the 1:2 and 1:3 compounds form complete solid-solution series, and their melting temperatures increase with increasing WO3 content, respectively, from 690° to 868°C and from 732° to 902°C. The 1:6 compounds are also stable in these systems and melt incongruently at 1040° and 1046°C, respectively.
Accounting for bandstructure effects in the hydrodynamic model: A first-order approach for silicon device simulation

Abstract This paper presents a non-parabolic formulation of the hydrodynamic model for Si device simulation. By adopting a first-order approach, non-parabolic band effects are included as simple corrections to the conventional hydrodynamic model. These corrections are shown to improve the accuracy of the hydrodynamic model under submicron device conditions. The first-order approach captures the important effects of non-parabolicity in the conservation relations by introducing a minimal number of approximations. Unlike previously reported non-parabolic models, only a single empirical constant is required in addition to the relaxation times. An advantage of the formulation presented here is that the average electron energy is retained as a state variable, and an electron temperature need not be defined. Advanced hot-carrier models based on average electron energy will benefit directly from the improved accuracy of the model.
Medium Modifications of Light Vector Mesons in Nuclei

Abstract There is tremendous interest both experimentally and theoretically in possible modification of the properties of vector mesons, such as a shift in their masses and/or broadening of their widths in dense nuclear matter. These effects can be related to partial restoration of chiral symmetry at high density or temperature. The light vector mesons (ρ, ω, and ϕ) were photo-produced on 2H, C, Ti, Fe, and Pb targets at the Thomas Jefferson National Laboratory using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). The properties of the ρ vector meson at normal nuclear densities and zero temperature were investigated via their rare leptonic decay to e + e − . The rho meson mass distributions were extracted for each of the targets. With respect to the ρ-meson mass, we obtain a small shift compatible with zero. Also, we measure widths consistent with standard nuclear many-body effects such as collisional broadening and Fermi motion.
Differential regulation of Tbx5 protein expression and sub-cellular localization during heart development

The T-box transcription factor Tbx5 can interact with Nkx2.5 and Gata4 transcription factors to synergistically regulate heart-specific genes in the nucleus. While a nuclear role for Tbx5 is clearly defined, we have previously shown that Tbx5 shuttles from nuclear to cytoplasmic sites, forming a complex with the PDZ-LIM protein LMP4 on the actin cytoskeleton. In this study, using a developmental series of chicken hearts, we provide the first evidence for differential Tbx5 protein expression and sub-cellular localization during cardiogenesis. At the tissue level, we show temporally and spatially restricted Tbx5 co-expression with LMP4. In cells co-expressing LMP4 and Tbx5 we demonstrate dynamic Tbx5 re-localization from exclusively nuclear to nuclear and cytoplasmic expression in the atrio-ventricular cushion. Furthermore, in coronary vessel development we show exclusive cytoplasmic localization of Tbx5, indicating a function for Tbx5 in the cytoplasm. In addition, we discover unknown regulation of Tbx5 and LMP4 expression in epicardial tissue, suggesting a specific role for Tbx5 in epicardial formation. These studies provide in vivo significance of the LMP4/Tbx5 protein interaction, suggesting both nuclear and cytoplasmic roles for Tbx5. The shuttling between nuclear and cytoplasmic sites reveals a novel mechanism for Tbx transcription factor regulation in chicken heart development allowing new insights for a better understanding of the molecular basis of hand/heart birth defects associated with TBX5 mutations.
Generation capacity extension in the power system with large-scale PHEV integration

The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) predicts approximately a 60% penetration level of PHEV fleets throughout the U.S. by 2050. Increasing the number of PHEVs jeopardizes the reliable operation of the power system. Random, excessive power demands from PHEVs can put noticeable stress on the bulk power system, which accordingly causes congestions, overloads and cascaded outages. This paper proposes an approach that assesses how much generation expansion is required to maintain the reliability of the power system in the presence of PHEVs. To evaluate the impact of PHEVs on the reliability of the system, a time-based simulation has been performed. In addition, based on vehicle data and the domestic load profile in the North West Power Pool area (NWPP), reliability indices have been calculated. The results show that the existing power system infrastructure is not robust enough for higher penetration levels.
The. Synthesis and chelation properties of N-substituted amidrazones and related azines containing the 2-pyridyl group

The. preparation and properties of certain N-substituted amidrazones from thioamides containing the 2-pyridyl group and the azines derived from them by reaction with benzaldehyde and 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde is described.
Cultured human endothelial cells express platelet-derived growth factor B chain: cDNA cloning and structural analysis

Vascular endothelial cells have a central role in various pathophysiological responses such as acute inflammation, wound healing and atherogenesis. The anatomical position of endothelial cells between blood leukocytes and the surrounding vascular smooth muscle cells or stromal fibroblasts may intensify and focus the effects of released endothelial cell products. Endothelial cells in culture produce a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-like mitogen1. PDGF purified from platelets is a basic protein with an apparent relative molecular mass (Mr) of ∼30,000 (reviewed in refs 2, 3) and is believed to comprise two polypeptide chains, PDGF-A and PDGF-B4 (also referred to as PDGF-1 and PDGF-2; refs 5, 6). Sequence analysis of PDGF B chain has revealed a striking homology with the predicted sequence of p28sis, the transforming protein of simian sarcoma virus4,6,7, sis-Homologous transcripts have been detected by Northern blot analysis of RNA from cultured endothelial cells8. However, there are no structural data available on either the protein product or the messenger RNA to establish the identity of the endothelial-derived mitogen with either chain of PDGF. Here we report the isolation and complete sequence analysis of a sis-homologous complementary DNA clone from human endothelial cells, providing an opportunity to study the structure of sis as transcribed by a normal (untransformed) cell. Our results establish that normal human endothelial cells in culture express the B chain of PDGF, and that endothelial-derived PDGF B chain is synthesized as a predicted precursor polypeptide of Mr 27,281.
Detailed Measurements on a Circular Cylinder in Cross Flow

ASERIES of wind tunnel tests covering a range of Mach numbers and Reynolds numbers in subsonic and transonic flows was conducted on a circular cylinder placed normal to the flow. Form drag coefficients were determined from surface pressure measurements and displayed as a function of Mach number to show the transonic drag rise phenomenon. Buried wire gages arranged on the model surface were used to measure skin friction distributions and vortex shedding frequencies at different flow conditions. It was found that detectable periodic shedding ceases above M= 0.9. The measured skin friction distributions indicate the positions of mean separation points clearly; these values are documented for different flow conditions. Contents Flow past circular cylinders is of interest because of its relevance to various problem areas such as aerodynamics of aircraft and missiles at high angles of attack, 1>2 wind effects on tall chimney structures, flow past tube banks of heat exchangers, hydrodynamics of towing and mooring cables for undersea applications, etc. Recently, there has been some interest in developing numerical methods for solving flow past circular cylinders so that predictions can be made for flow regimes that cannot be easily attained in test facilities. Success in such attempts depends heavily on extended flow documentation, especially on boundary-laye r development. At present, only very limited data exist in this regard. The present investigation was concerned with three main features of flow past cylinders: skin friction distribution, form drag coefficients, and vortex shedding frequencies. All tests were conducted in the 2-x2-ft (61x61-cm) transonic wind tunnel at NASA Ames Research Center. Perforated walls in the test section allowed good control of Mach number through the transonic range. Different values of Reynolds numbers were achieved by altering the pressure level in the
Axoplasmic flow of tritiated proline in the corticospinal tract of the rat.

The rates of axoplasmic transport were studied in the corticospinal tract of the rat by injecting tritiated proline into the sensory-motor cortex and subsequently analyzing the distribution of incorporated label in the spinal cord at intervals after injection. A mathematical model of the anatomy of the corticospinal tract was developed and used in analysis of the data. The rate of a fast component was calculated to be 240–420 mm per day, which is comparable with rates of fast components in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), but considerably greater than rates in other tracts in the central nervous system. A slow component was calculated to have a transport rate of 3–8 mm per day which is greater than rates found either in the CNS or PNS. This higher rate may be related to the greater length of the corticospinal tract as compared to other CNS tracts studied.
Bidas: A Microscope Imaging, Communications, Processing And Analysis System For Cytopathology

The cytologic and histologic detection and diagnosis of disease states and the monitoring of their progression and regression by human visual analysis may be improved by the design and application of an array of new instruments for and approaches to microscope imaging systems. The development of these tools and techniques allows us to visualize and analyze cells and tissues with increased accuracy, sensitivity and objectivity. The Johns Hopkins Biomedical Image Data Analysis System, BIDAS, is being developed to assist humans in their interpretation of clinical cytopathology specimens and in the evaluation and standardization of specimen quality. The BIDAS computer analyses are extremely sensitive to cell changes, they are objective, and their results can be accurately repeated. BIDAS consists of a complex of multifaceted subsystems. An overview of the four primary computer-based subsystems (1. Microscope Imaging and Data Acquisition; 2. Data Communications; 3. Data Processing; and 4. Data Analysis) is presented in this paper.
Solid Serous Adenoma of the Pancreas: A Rare Form of Serous Cystadenoma

Serous cystadenomas (SC) of the pancreas are uncommon benign cystic neoplasms that were first differentiated from mucinous cystadenomas in 1978 by Compagno and Oertel [1–3]. SC characteristically have a spongy gross appearance and are composed of innumerable tiny cysts lined by flattened cuboidal or polygonal cells with clear to pale eosinophilic cytoplasm atop of thin fibrous septae. Since 1978, 5 unique SC subtypes have been identified [4–6]. Herein we report a case of a solid serous adenoma, a rare serous cystadenoma subtype.
Chlordecone, a mixed pregnane X receptor (PXR) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) agonist, alters cholesterol homeostasis and lipoprotein metabolism in C57BL/6 mice

Chlordecone (CD) is one of many banned organochlorine (OC) insecticides that are widespread persistent organic pollutants. OC insecticides alter lipid homeostasis in rodents at doses that are not neurotoxic or carcinogenic. Pretreatment of mice or rats with CD altered tissue distribution of a subsequent dose of [14C]CD or [14C]cholesterol (CH). Nuclear receptors regulate expression of genes important in the homeostasis of CH and other lipids. In this study, we report that CD suppresses in vitro reporter systems for human liver X receptors (LXRs) and activates those for human farnesoid X receptor (FXR), pregnane X receptor (PXR) and estrogen receptor α (ERα) in a concentration-dependent manner (0–50 μM). Consistent with human PXR activation in vitro, three days after a single dose of CD (15 mg/kg) hepatic microsomal CYP3A11 protein increases in C57BL/6 mice. CD decreases hepatic CH ester content without altering total CH concentration. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) contents of hepatic lipoprotein-rich and microsomal fractions of CD-treated mice are higher than controls. There is a significant reduction in non-high density lipoprotein CH but not apolipoprotein B-48/100 (apoB-48/100) in plasma from CD-treated mice after a 4 h fast. At 14 days after 15 mg CD/kg apoA-I and apoB-100 proteins but not CYP3A11 protein in hepatic microsomes are similar to controls. This work indicates that altered CH homeostasis is a mode of OC insecticide action of relevance after a single dose. This at least partially explains altered CH tissue distribution in CD-pretreated mice.
Disclosure by Fourier methods of a long-range pattern of non-polar residues in the α1(I) sequence of collagen

Abstract The squared Fourier transform of the pattern of long non-polar residue distribution along the α1(I) sequence of collagen exhibits three significant intensities which are the 5th, 6th and 11th orders of a major periodicity, D = 233 residues. When the amplitudes and phases of these three transform components are combined in partial Fourier inversion, an idealized pattern for the long non-polar distribution becomes clearly evident. This pattern fits the 7 2 genetic screw appropriate for collagen molecules (7 residue triplets in 2 turns), wherein each chain turn carries 21 residues. Long non-polar distributions on alternate turns provide features expected to be influential in affecting molecular association. Molecular twists compensated by reverse microfibrillar twists can retain the long non-polar interactions even if the final molecular conformation then requires another integral or non-integral description.
A novel sort error hardened 10T SRAM cells for low voltage operation

In this paper, two types of a soft error hardened 10T SRAM cells with high static noise margin (SNM) are proposed for low voltage operation. The proposed NMOS stacked SRAM cell operates normally with higher read SNM near to sub-threshold region compared to prior works. Simulated results using 0.18um standard CMOS process demonstrate that proposed NMOS stacked-10T cell has high read SNM and high soft error resilience of at least 100 times higher than unprotected standard 6T SRAM cell for a single event transient (SET).
Designs for Detecting Trend From Repeated Surveys of Ecological Resources

We report investigations on trend detection capability (power for linear trend) from repeated surveys of the same regional resource population. The temporal sampling plans range from periodic revisits using panel designs to independent surveys at each point in time; the latter have only random revisits. We view the resource of interest as a finite population but characterize several features of the situation with components of variance. The results show how components of variance for site, year, and residual and sampling fraction impact power to detect a specific trend. The panel designs turn out to be far superior to independent surveys for detecting trend and have other desirable features.