cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flora y fauna crónica

“Flora & Fauna Cronica” is from the book, Killer Cronicas , which will be published by the University of Wisconsin Press in 2004. This collection of chronicles began in 2000, after Susana was awarded a fellowship by the US National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) for a project on contemporary Argentine women's poetry. She spent thirteen months in Buenos Aires where, in addition to research and writing on her official (academic) book, she began to send bilingual, punning “letters from the southern [cone] front” to colleagues and friends by email. Susana says: “Living in Buenos Aires, that gorgeous, turn of the century city in a country on the brink of (economic) collapse—home to many of the authors and artists I had long admired (Borges, Cortazar, Alfonsina Storni, Alejandra Pizarnik, and before them the foundational Romantics, Sarmiento and Echeverria)—brought out a sense of self, dis/placed yet oddly at home, in a cultural, linguistic and even tangible way. In Buenos Aires, the fragmented parts of me, the voices, cultures, and places inside of me, rubbed up against each other and struck fire. I called my email missives “Cronicas,” inspired by the somewhat rough-hewn, journalistic, often fantastic first-hand accounts sent “home” by the early conquistadores , and refashioned by modern-day counterparts such as Carlos Monsivais, Elena Poniatowska, and Cristina Pacheco.” One of Susana’s cronicas, “Anniversary Cronica,” inspired by the wedding anniversary of Susana’s parents and by the so-called “Soweto Riots” in South Africa, was recently awarded First prize in Personal Memoir in the Chicano Literary Excellence Contest sponsored by the U.S. national literary magazine el Andar .
Analysis of Experimental Failure Caused by Unqualified Nitric Acid

Objective To find the reasons that gived rise to the failure in the determination of iron and zinc in wheat flour.Method The nitric acids from different habitats were used to carry on the blank test with the perchloric acid and the digestion blank value was assayed.Result The nitric acids from different habitats were used in the digestion,and the blank value of iron and zinc was different;After the wet digestion,iron and zinc blank value from Shanghai habitat was much higher than that of other habitat;The purity grade of reagent had effect on the blank digest value.Conclusion The use of unqualified nitric acid resulted in digestion failure;the pre-test played an important role in screening and optimizing reagents.
Research on the phenotype structure of tomato late blight pathogen population in China

Tomato late blight is caused by Phytophthora infestans, a destructive disease of vegetables, frequent and serious.The physiological races, mating types and metaiaxyl sensitivity of Phytophthora infestans were reviewed in this paper, the objective of this study was to provide a reference to breed disease resistant varieties and control of tomato late blight.
Airborne Laser Absorption Spectrometer Measurements of CO2 Column Mixing Ratios: Source and Sink Detection in the Atmospheric Environment

The JPL airborne Laser Absorption Spectrometer instrument has been flown several times in the 2007-2011 time frame for the purpose of measuring CO2 mixing ratios in the lower atmosphere. The four most recent flight campaigns were on the NASA DC-8 research aircraft, in support of the NASA ASCENDS (Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons) mission formulation studies. This instrument operates in the 2.05-μm spectral region. The Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) method is used to retrieve weighted CO2 column mixing ratios. We present key features of the CO2LAS signal processing, data analysis, and the calibration/validation methodology. Results from flights in various U.S. locations during the past three years include observed mid-day CO2 drawdown in the Midwest, also cases of point-source and regional plume detection that enable the calculation of emission rates.
Hierarchical interconnect modeling

Interconnect parasitics are competing with devices for impact on performance and therefore accurate interconnect modeling is called for. However, fully accurate 3D modeling is not always necessary nor feasible and a hierarchical modeling approach is advocated. Electromagnetic models, transmission lines, and lumped elements can be incorporated as linear circuit elements, reduced, and simulated with device-level models.
A Protocol Study of Cognitive Chunking in Free-Hand Sketching During Design Ideation by Novice Designers

This paper reports a human-subject protocol study aimed to study (1) cognitive chunking during free-hand sketching of design ideas in engineering and (2) correlation between chunks and the functions of the design perceived by the designer. Voluntary participants are presented with a previously unfamiliar design problem and asked to (1) identify the intended functionality of the solution, (2) draw concept sketches of the solution structure, and (3) label the sketches. The data is captured by a smart pen: a computerized pen that records pen strokes and surrounding audio in sync . Time study of these pen strokes and naming of components reveal clear evidence of temporal clustering of pen strokes during the first two tasks, indicating that the physical structure of the design solution is perceived by the designer in small chunks, rather than in continuous streams. Further data suggest that the chunks formed during ideation are based on functional needs perceived by the designer.
Outcomes Associated With Early Preventive Dental Care Among Medicaid-Enrolled Children in Alabama

Importance There is a recommendation for children to have a dental home by 6 months of age, but there is limited evidence supporting the effectiveness of early preventive dental care or whether primary care providers (PCPs) can deliver it. Objective To investigate the effectiveness of preventive dental care in reducing caries-related treatment visits among Medicaid enrollees. Design, Setting, and Participants High-dimensional propensity scores were used to address selection bias for a retrospective cohort study of children continuously enrolled in coverage from the Alabama Medicaid Agency from birth between 2008 and 2012, adjusting for demographics, access to care, and general health service use. Exposures Children receiving preventive dental care prior to age 2 years from PCPs or dentists vs no preventive dental care. Main Outcome and Measures Two-part models estimated caries-related treatment and expenditures. Results Among 19 658 eligible children, 25.8% (n = 3658) received early preventive dental care, of whom 44% were black, 37.6% were white, and 16.3% were Hispanic. Compared with matched children without early preventive dental care, children with dentist-delivered preventive dental care more frequently had a subsequent caries-related treatment (20.6% vs 11.3%, P P P Conclusions and Relevance Children with early preventive care visits from dentists were more likely to have subsequent dental care, including caries-related treatment, and greater expenditures than children without preventive dental care. There was no association with subsequent caries-related treatment and preventive dental care from PCPs. We observed no evidence of a benefit of early preventive dental care, regardless of the provider. Additional research beyond administrative data may be necessary to elucidate any benefits of early preventive dental care.
Tensile Residual Stress Mitigation Using Low Temperature Phase Transformation Filler Wire in Welded Armor Plates

Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) has been a persistent issue in welding of high-strength steels. Mitigating residual stresses is one of the most efficient ways to control HIC. The current study develops a proactive in-process weld residual stress mitigation technique, which manipulates the thermal expansion and contraction sequence in the weldments during welding process. When the steel weld is cooled after welding, martensitic transformation will occur at a temperature below 400 C. Volume expansion in the weld due to the martensitic transformation will reduce tensile stresses in the weld and heat affected zone and in some cases produce compressive residual stresses in the weld. Based on this concept, a customized filler wire which undergoes a martensitic phase transformation during cooling was developed. The new filler wire shows significant improvement in terms of reducing the tendency of HIC in high strength steels. Bulk residual stress mapping using neutron diffraction revealed reduced tensile and compressive residual stresses in the welds made by the new filler wire.
Goal-driven learning in the GILA integrated intelligence architecture

Goal Driven Learning (GDL) focuses on systems that determine by themselves what has to be learnt and how to learn it. Typically GDL systems use meta-reasoning capabilities over a base reasoner, identifying learning goals and devising strategies. In this paper we present a novel GDL technique to deal with complex AI systems where the meta-reasoning module has to analyze the reasoning trace of multiple components with potentially different learning paradigms. Our approach works by distributing the generation of learning strategies among the different modules instead of centralizing it in the meta-reasoner. We implemented our technique in the GILA system, that works in the airspace task orders domain, showing an increase in performance.
A Mouthful of Crimes: Facing the Challenges of Culture-Specific Propaganda as Evidence in International War Crimes Trials

The concept of propaganda is an integral part of the vocabulary in all war crimes trials. It is, however, evident in both theory and practice that there is a multifaceted conceptual confusion in the interaction of propaganda, war crimes trials and international law. This contribution explores the significance of the propaganda-related evidence present in the culturally specific language and discourse identified in the records of the International Military Tribunal (IMT), International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). The key to understanding the ontological and evidentiary intricacies of any propagandistic situation begins at its conceptual-linguistic foundations. Examples from the Nazi Germany propaganda lexicon include concepts such as arisieren (aryanize) and aufnorden (nordify), suggesting the purification of their ancestral blood, followed more than half a century later by the Rwandan concepts of "Inyenzi," cockroaches, or "Inkotanyi," a reference to the nineteenth century military forces in Rwanda, and strong derogatory terms such as "Ustasha," "Turk" and "Balija," used during the conflict in the former Yugoslavia. Given these instances, international criminal proceedings have seen the emergence of a new type of evidence: a culture-determined plural of the many manifestations of propaganda. As a result, propaganda can neither be interpreted nor understood without an advanced forensic approach to the language employed by the propagandist. Utilizing a cross-disciplinary combination of philology, philosophy, history, psychology, anthropology, political science, linguistics, literary studies and other relevant fields of research, including law, as an amalgamation of cognitive and social science research with the humanities, this contribution employs a novel hybrid method to criminal and legal analysis. Applying this approach to some of the major propaganda cases in international criminal justice demonstrates how and why this hybrid method should be introduced into the process of identification and prosecution of the guilty minds of the propagandists and the networks of their associates.
An overview of 3D integrated circuits

An overview of three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) is presented in this paper. The key potential applications of 3D ICs that have the most impact in terms of performance, power and area are highlighted, followed by a brief overview of the different technology approaches to implement 3D ICs. Further, the key challenges to 3D integration are discussed here.
Building the Marital Muscle Groups: A Theory-Based Marriage Enrichment Approach Program in a Clinical Practice Setting

Marriage enrichment is a wellness-based approach to strengthening key areas of marital success. This article develops the metaphor of marital muscle groups and integrates Adlerian theories of development and personality with Gottman’s behavioral approach to provide a model of enrichment that can be applied in a clinical setting. A case example illustrates the application of the approach.
Венгерскославянские фразеологические параллели (диахронический аспект)

The problem of Slavic–Finno-Ugric cultural and language contacts is one of the stable scientific dominants of Slavic studies. Though the lexical units remain the basis of etymological and ethnolinguistic reconstructions, phraseology has also recently become increasingly the object of research on Hungarian–Slavic and Slavic–Hungarian language contacts. A special place here is occupied by the analysis of the Finno-Ugric–Russian phraseological interaction. The paper offers a linguistic interpretation of 7 Hungarian–Russian phraseological parallels. The comparison with the Slavic and other Indo-European material helps to clarify their historical and etymological interpretation proposed by the famous Hungarian folklorist and paremiologist Gabor O. Nagy
Bankers or peasants revisited:: economic expectations and presidential approval

Abstract This paper updates and expands the argument that the US electorate is forward-looking when evaluating presidential performance on the basis of the economy. The electorate's approval of the president depends on its economic expectations regarding the future level of prosperity. More is incorporated in this evaluation than a simple extrapolation from the past. When evaluating the president, the US electorate efficiently combines its knowledge of the current economy with its informed expectation of economic change.
Chemistry in Sulfate Aerosols

Reactions between thermally stable (closed electronic shell) species are extremely important in the chemistry of the Earth’s atmosphere. For example, the Antarctic ozone hole is attributed to the release of active, ozone destroying, chlorine from reservoirs through reactions on solid polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) particles [Solomon, 1990]. The reservoirs are chemicals that temporarily hold the active chlorine (or other active species) in forms that are benign to ozone. The major reactions believed to occur on PSCs ar C1ONO2 + HC1 → C12 + HNO3 (1) C1ONO2 + H2O → HOC1 + HNO3 (2) N2O5 + H2O → 2HNO3 (3) N2O5 + HC1 → CINO2 + HNO3 (4) HOC1 + HC1 → C12 + H2O (5)
Denitrification at Sub-Zero Temperatures in Arable Soils: A Review

Nitrogen (N) in agricultural fertilizers is denitrified by soil bacteria when oxygen is limited, which effectively removes plant-available N from the soil to the atmosphere. Reported denitrification rates range from 0 to 239 kg N ha − 1 yr − 1, and, depending upon environmental conditions and management, may reduce the amount of N available for crop growth by 27%. Denitrification in soils also results in emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), which is a recognized pollutant that contributes to stratospheric ozone destruction and radiative forcing in the troposphere. Practitioners of sustainable agronomy aim to improve plant N-use efficiency and reduce emissions of the greenhouse gases by synchronizing N application and plant nutritional requirements. However, it is difficult to predict denitrification rates during and after the growing season based on current knowledge. High rates are consistently reported in irrigated cropping systems following heavy applications of fertilizer-N, but few studies report denitrification during the dormant season. Denitrification in winter may represent a significant sink for fertilizer-N in cropping systems, but further research at sub-zero soil temperatures is needed. Here, the three factors required for microbial denitrification: limited O2 availability, electron donors and electron acceptors, are reviewed based on soil research performed both above and below 0 ∘ C. Gaps in the knowledge of denitrification rates in cropping systems, particularly when soils are frozen, are identified. Sustainable management of N in cropping systems such as greater N-use efficiency and lower greenhouse gas emissions could be advanced by greater understanding of denitrification in winter.
Ideas for Red Growth Strategies

How would you like to have an organization in which your people are constantly coming up with new ideas for growth? How can you harness the power of the people in your organization to develop a powerful growth strategy? This chapter shows you how. In particular, using the concept of abundance—focusing on celebrating successes rather than bemoaning failure—can generate organizational resilience and help to absorb the risks associated with aggressive growth. This is the power of the Collaborate (yellow) quadrant of the Competing Values Framework.
A Holy Secular Institution

Religious arguments have figured on both sides of the debate over same-sex marriage. Some supporters have insisted, however, that, as long as the question at hand is limited to civil marriage, consideration of the religious dimension of marriage is just irrelevant. Thus, the Massachusetts high court, in its Goodridge opinion, wrote: "In Massachusetts, civil marriage is ... precisely what its name implies: a wholly secular institution."American civil marriage is, to be sure, a secular institution. But the claim that it is a "wholly secular institution" suggests that religious arguments about civil marriage are just confused, guilty of a category mistake.This article examines the notion that civil marriage is a "wholly secular institution." It concludes that the "secular" and "religious" meanings and institutions of marriage are so intermeshed in our history, legal and religious imagination, and doctrine that trying to wall off "civil marriage" from religious considerations is neither possible nor desirable. The idea of "marriage" is a piece of intellectual and cultural "capital" common to both church and state, and changes in the meaning of that idea would have both secular and religious implications. Moreover, the institutions of "civil" and "religious" marriage are not as easily divisible as many believe. Religious believers are legitimate stakeholders in any debate over the meaning of civil marriage, and the religious dimension of marriage can and should be relevant to the civil polity's understanding of the institution and its own arguments regarding the struggle for same-sex marriage.All this is not to suggest that religious objectors should have a veto on the recognition of same-sex marriage in civil law. Indeed, this article does not reach any bottom-line conclusion on the marriage controversy. The intermeshing of the secular and religious dimensions of marriage does have practical consequences, which the article discusses. But those consequences cut both ways, in the manner of interlocking opposites. This article's overriding goal is to illuminate the playing field, not to score points for one side or the other.
Cerium oxide nanoparticles inhibit lipopolysaccharide induced MAP kinase/NF-kB mediated severe sepsis

The life threatening disease of sepsis is associated with high mortality. Septic patient survivability with currently available treatments has failed to improve. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced sepsis mortality and associated hepatic dysfunction can be prevented by cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) treatment in male Sprague Dawley rats. Here we provide the information about the methods processing of raw data related to our study published in Biomaterials (Selvaraj et al., Biomaterials, 2015, In press) and Data in Brief (Selvaraj et al., Data in Brief, 2015, In Press). The data present here provides confirmation of cerium oxide nanoparticle treatments ability to prevent the LPS induced sepsis associated changes in physiological, blood cell count, inflammatory protein and growth factors in vivo. In vitro assays investigation the treated of macrophages cells with different concentrations of cerium oxide nanoparticle demonstrate that concentration of cerium oxide nanoparticles below 1 µg/ml did not significantly influence cell survival as determined by the MTT assay.
Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Gentamicin in Pediatrics

The primary objective of this work was to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of gentamicin across the whole pediatric age spectrum from premature neonates to young adults with a single model by identifying significant clinical predictors. A nonlinear mixed-effect population PK model was developed with retrospective therapeutic drug-monitoring data. A total of 6459 drug concentration measurements from 3370 hospitalized patients were collected for model building (n = 2357) and evaluation (n = 1013). In agreement with previously reported models, a 2-compartment model with first-order elimination best described the drug PK. Patient-specific factors significantly impacting gentamicin clearance included fat-free mass, postmenstrual age, and serum creatinine (SCr). Based on our model, the deviation of the individual SCr from the age-dependent expected mean SCr value (SCrM) can result in a 40% lower clearance in a patient with renal impairment than that in a patient with normal kidney function, with SCrM:SCr ratios between 0.16 and 3.2 in this study. Consistent with the known age-dependent changes of the proportion of extracellular water in body weight, the inclusion of the impact of extracellular water maturation on the central volume of distribution was found to improve the model fitting significantly. In comparison with other published models, model evaluation suggested the developed model was the least biased and physiologically most representative. These results will be used to inform individualized initial dosing strategies and serve as a prior PK model for Bayesian updating and forecasting as individual clinical observations become available.
Effect of Time of Day of Infection on Chlamydia Infectivity and Pathogenesis

Genital chlamydia infection in women causes complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease and tubal factor infertility, but it is unclear why some women are more susceptible than others. Possible factors, such as time of day of chlamydia infection on chlamydial pathogenesis has not been determined. We hypothesised that infections during the day, will cause increased complications compared to infections at night. Mice placed under normal 12:12 light: dark (LD) cycle were infected intravaginally with Chlamydia muridarum either at zeitgeber time 3, ZT3 and ZT15. Infectivity was monitored by periodic vaginal swabs and chlamydiae isolation. Blood and vaginal washes were collected for host immunologic response assessments. The reproductive tracts of the mice were examined histopathologically, and fertility was determined by embryo enumeration after mating. Mice infected at ZT3 shed significantly more C. muridarum than mice infected at ZT15. This correlated with the increased genital tract pathology observed in mice infected at ZT3. Mice infected at ZT3 were less fertile than mice infected at ZT15. The results suggest that the time of day of infection influences chlamydial pathogenesis, it indicates a possible association between complications from chlamydia infection and host circadian clock, which may lead to a better understanding of chlamydial pathogenesis.
Multi-Hop Wake-Up Radio Relaying for the Collection Tree Protocol

Wake-up radio technology is proving to be an effective strategy for bettering energy efficiency of wireless networks. Nodes can transmit wake-up signals via their wake-up radios (WuRs), thereby preventing the unnecessary power drain of their main radio. In this paper we propose a multi-hop wake-up relay for CTP-WuR, the Collection Tree Protocol modified to work with wake-up radios. We implement and evaluate the performance of our multi-hop relay solution in the GreenCastalia simulator, and we compare its performance to that of baseline CTP-WuR. We also implement and evaluate the protocols on a physical testbed. Our results show the advantage of multi-hop relaying over the baseline implementation with respect to key metrics. Particularly, multi-hop relaying decreases average energy consumption to 78% of the baseline and packet delivery time is reduced to an average of 71% of the baseline.
The Practitioner's use of a rapid progesterone assay in the dairy cow

Milk progesterone analysis has been available on a commercial basis for dairy producers since the early 1970’s. The methods employed at that time were based on Radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques. Time required for results using this technique was relatively long which resulted in very little acceptance of the procedure for monitoring reproductive status in cattle. Recently, Enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) techniques have been developed for use with milk and plasma. These tests have shown good specificity and a high correlation with RIA techniques. The advantages of the EIA over current RIA techniques include ease of performing the test, relatively inexpensive equipment required, and rapid results. An EIA for progesterone in milk and plasma (a) has been available in our laboratory since late 1984 and is being used for clinical management of reproduction cases in dairy operations currently participating in our dairy reproductive herd health program.
Slavery and Anglo‐American capitalism revisited

British and American debates on the relationship between slavery and economic growth have had little interaction with each other. This article attempts intellectual arbitrage by joining these two literatures. The linkage turns on the neglected part two of the ‘Williams thesis’: that slavery and the slave trade, once vital for the expansion of British industry and commerce, were no longer needed by the nineteenth century. In contrast to recent assertions of the centrality of slavery for US economic development, the article argues that part two of the Williams thesis applies with equal force to nineteenth‐century America. Unlike sugar, cotton required no large investments of fixed capital and could be cultivated efficiently at any scale, in locations that would have been settled by free farmers in the absence of slavery. Cheap cotton was undoubtedly important for the growth of textiles, but cheap cotton did not require slavery. The best evidence for this claim is that after two decades of war, abolition, and Reconstruction, cotton prices returned to their prewar levels. In both countries, the rise of anti‐slavery sentiment was not driven by the prospect of direct economic benefits, but major economic interest groups acquiesced in abolition because they no longer saw slavery as indispensable.
Ascenso y decadencia del editor Francisco de Paula Mellado (1807-1876)

La biografia del editor y empresario Francisco de Paula Mellado, escrita por el profesor Jesus A. Martinez Martin, especialista en historia de la edicion y de la lectura en Espana y catedratico de Historia Contemporanea en la Facultad de Geografia e Historia de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, es algo mas que una biografia, es el retrato de toda una epoca. El profesor Martinez Martin utiliza la trayectoria personal y profesional de Francisco de Paula Mellado (1807-1876) para reconstruir el Madrid cultural y empresarial del segundo tercio del siglo xix.
Review of Shakespeare’s Henry VI and Richard III (directed by Sean Holmes and Ilinca Radulian for Shakespeare’s Globe) at the Sam Wanamaker Playhouse, London, 22 January (Matinée) and 23 January 2020

The Globe and its artistic director Michelle Terry began a year-long exploration of Shakespeare’s history plays in February 2019 with an acclaimed Richard II whose cast and creative team were all w...
A Compassionate Framework for Reducing Harm in Public Health Higher Education: Implications for the COVID-19 Pandemic

We believe a harm reduction framework offers guidance for managing the student-teacher relationship in pandemic situations. This commentary defines the six principles of harm reduction (humanism, p...
Measurements from mobile surface vehicles during the Lower Atmospheric Profiling Studies at Elevation – a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE)

Abstract. Between 14 and 20 July 2018, small unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) were deployed to the San Luis Valley of Colorado (USA) alongside surface-based remote sensors, in situ sensors, and radiosonde systems as part of the Lower Atmospheric Profiling Studies at Elevation – a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE). The measurements collected as part of LAPSE-RATE targeted quantities related to enhancing our understanding of boundary layer structure, cloud and aerosol properties and surface–atmosphere exchange and provide detailed information to support model evaluation and improvement work. Additionally, intensive intercomparison between the different unmanned aircraft platforms was completed. The current paper describes the observations obtained using three different types of surface-based mobile observing vehicles. These included the University of Colorado Mobile UAS Research Collaboratory (MURC), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Severe Storms Laboratory Mobile Mesonet, and two University of Nebraska Combined Mesonet and Tracker (CoMeT) vehicles. Over the 1-week campaign, a total of 143 h of data were collected using this combination of vehicles. The data from these coordinated activities provide detailed perspectives on the spatial variability of atmospheric state parameters (air temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind) throughout the northern half of the San Luis Valley. These datasets have been checked for quality and published to the Zenodo data archive under a specific “community” setup for LAPSE-RATE ( https://zenodo.org/communities/lapse-rate/ , last access: 21 January 2021) and are accessible at no cost by all registered users. The primary dataset DOIs are https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814765 (CU MURC measurements; de Boer et al., 2020d), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3738175 (NSSL MM measurements; Waugh, 2020), and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3838724 (UNL CoMeT measurements; Houston and Erwin, 2020).
An electronic health record (EHR) log analysis shows limited clinician engagement with unsolicited genetic test results

How clinicians utilize medically actionable genomic information, displayed in the electronic health record (EHR), in medical decision-making remains unknown. Participating sites of the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) Network have invested resources into EHR integration efforts to enable the display of genetic testing data across heterogeneous EHR systems. To assess clinicians' engagement with unsolicited EHR-integrated genetic test results of eMERGE participants within a large tertiary care academic medical center, we analyzed automatically generated EHR access log data. We found that clinicians viewed only 1% of all the eMERGE genetic test results integrated in the EHR. Using a cluster analysis, we also identified different user traits associated with varying degrees of engagement with the EHR-integrated genomic data. These data contribute important empirical knowledge about clinicians limited and brief engagements with unsolicited EHR-integrated genetic test results of eMERGE participants. Appreciation for user-specific roles provide additional context for why certain users were more or less engaged with the unsolicited results. This study highlights opportunities to use EHR log data as a performance metric to more precisely inform ongoing EHR-integration efforts and decisions about the allocation of informatics resources in genomic research.
Mitochondrial compartmentalization: emerging themes in structure and function

Within cellular structures, compartmentalization is the concept of spatial segregation of macromolecules, metabolites, and biochemical pathways. Therefore, this concept bridges organellar structure and function. Mitochondria are morphologically complex, partitioned into several subcompartments by a topologically elaborate two-membrane system. They are also dynamically polymorphic, undergoing morphogenesis events with an extent and frequency that is only now being appreciated. Thus, mitochondrial compartmentalization is something that must be considered both spatially and temporally. Here, we review new developments in how mitochondrial structure is established and regulated, the factors that underpin the distribution of lipids and proteins, and how they spatially demarcate locations of myriad mitochondrial processes. Consistent with its pre-eminence, disturbed mitochondrial compartmentalization contributes to the dysfunction associated with heritable and aging-related diseases.
Tyrosine O -GalNAc Alters the Conformation and Proteolytic Susceptibility of APP Model Glycopeptides.

The amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) undergoes proteolytic cleavage by α-, β-, and γ-secretases, to determine its fate in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Recent findings suggest a possible role of O-glycosylation in APP's proteolytic processing. Therefore, we synthesized native and Swedish-double-mutated APP (glyco)peptides with Tyr681-O-GalNAc. We studied conformational changes and proteolytic processing using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and enzyme cleavage assay, respectively. CD analysis was carried out in four solvent systems to evaluate peptide environment and O-glycosylation induced conformational changes. The Swedish mutation and Tyr681-O-GalNAc were the key factors driving conformational changes. Furthermore, the level of α- and β-secretase activity was increased by the presence of mutation and this effect was more pronounced for its glycosylated analogues. Our results suggest that O-glycosylation of Tyr681 can induce a conformational change in APP and affect its proteolytic processing fate toward the amyloidogenic pathway.
Considering The Mason Core: A Collaborative Visioning Workshop

Location: Gold Room NOTE: This is a co-located workshop, meaning that it is open to both ITL attendees and the broader Mason community. You do not have to be registered for the conference to attend this session. We are completing an assessment cycle for the Mason Core, and as we think about whether and how to update the Mason Core to better achieve our outcomes and meet the needs of today's students, we want to seek input and participation from faculty across campus. The Mason Core is the general education program that builds the foundation for the Mason Graduate, and as such should build the knowledge and skills that all Mason graduates should have, regardless of major. Since the curriculum is in the purview of the faculty, and since the Mason Core is an important part of all of our studentsâ education, the purpose of this session is to give a larger group of faculty an opportunity to grapple with and share feedback on the current Core, and to participate in shaping a vision for its future. In this workshop, we will first briefly share some of the challenges and successes that have been uncovered in the most recent round of course assessments. Next, weâll do a collaborative feedback workshop with attendees to invite perceptions and feedback on the current Mason Core. We will also share a few examples of curriculum models that are in place on other campuses, and will follow that with a collaborative visioning workshop to provide attendees with an opportunity to help shape the vision for the Mason Core as we continue to refine our curriculum to meet the needs of todayâs students. Participants will learn about some of the current successes and challenges of the Mason Core, and then will participate in a discussion aimed at generating collaborative feedback on the current framing of the Mason Core and what is and is not working. Next, facilitators will share a few examples of alternative curriculum models that are in place on other campuses, and participants will then participate in a collaborative visioning session to help shape the future of the Mason Core. Workshop participants will be asked to work in tables to discuss the following questions and then share their perspectives with the larger group, first in a feedback portion of the workshop focused on concerns about what we are doing now, and then in a visioning workshop focused on broadening our vision of what we can and might do. Key questions: 1. What should all of our students know and be able to do when they graduate, regardless of their major? 2. Are we accomplishing the outcomes that you identified above with our current Mason Core? What are some additional ways that we can accomplish those outcomes 3. What is working well in our current Mason Core? 4. What is not working well in our current Mason Core? What would you add or change if you could? 5. How is your program contributing (or might your program contribute) to the outcomes of the Mason Core?
Percutaneous Management of Large Renal Calculi (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy)

When faced with larger stone burdens, percutaneous nephrolithotomy is the current standard of care. Patients who cannot undergo general anesthetic are anticoagulated and have poor respiratory reserve, or active urinary tract infections are contraindicated for percutaneous stone manipulation.
Holt-Oram syndrome vs heart-hand syndrome.

To the Editor: In a recent article, Brockhoff et al1 provide an elegant example of a patient affected by a heart-hand syndrome. Their findings also highlight the importance of modern cardiovascular genetics in clinical diagnosis. Although the patient presented certainly has both a cardiac septation defect and an upper limb deformity, recent DNA-based studies have demonstrated that the hand abnormalities shown would actually make a diagnosis of Holt-Oram syndrome unlikely. Heart-hand syndromes are a broad category of disease, of which Holt-Oram syndrome is the most common form. Other heart-hand syndromes (reviewed in Reference 2) include Tabatznik’s …
Impedance analysis of infrared folded dipole antennas

The impedances of infrared folded dipole antennas are investigated by a numerical near-field analysis technique for extraction of unknown impedance loading infrared transmission line. With additional folds, the impedance of folded dipole antenna could be increased. Different materials of the folded dipole antennas have also been investigated.
Neuropeptide Y counteracts the anorectic and weight reducing effects of ciliary neurotropic factor.

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), a cytokine of the interleukin-6 superfamily, has been shown to induce hypophagia and weight loss. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and orexin are potent orexigenic signals in the hypothalamus. Anorexia, normally seen in response to infection, injury and inflammation, may result from diminished hypothalamic orexigenic signalling caused by persistently elevated cytokines, including CNTF. To test this hypothesis, we first examined the effects of chronic intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of CNTF for 6-7 days on food intake and body weight as well as hypothalamic NPY and orexin gene expression in male rats. Subsequently, the effectiveness of NPY replacement to counteract the effects of CNTF by coinfusion of NPY and CNTF was evaluated. Chronic i.c.v. infusion of CNTF (2.5 microg/day) reduced body weight (14.3% vs control) at the end of 7 days. Food intake remained suppressed for 5 days postinfusion and subsequently gradually returned to the control range by day 7. Serum leptin concentrations in these rats were in the same range seen in control rats. Chronic i.c.v. infusion of higher doses of CNTF (5.0 microg/day) produced sustained anorexia and body weight loss (29% vs controls) through the entire duration of the experiment. This severe anorexia was accompanied by markedly suppressed serum leptin concentrations. Furthermore, CNTF infusion alone significantly reduced hypothalamic NPY gene expression (P < 0. 05) without affecting orexin gene expression. As expected, in fusion of NPY alone (18 microg/day) augmented food intake (191.6% over the initial control, P < 0.05) and produced a 25.1% weight gain in conjunction with a 10-fold increase in serum leptin concentrations at the end of the 7-day period. Interestingly, coinfusion of this regimen of NPY with the highly effective anorectic and body reducing effects of CNTF (5.0 microg/day) not only prevented the CNTF-induced anorexia and weight loss, but also normalized serum leptin concentrations and hypothalamic NPY gene expression. These results demonstrate that chronic central infusion to produce a persistent elevation of the cytokine at pathophysiological levels (a situation that may normally manifest during infection, injury and inflammation) produced severe anorexia and weight loss in conjunction with reduction in both serum leptin concentrations and hypothalamic NPY gene expression. Reinstatement of hypothalamic NPY signalling by coinfusion of NPY counteracted these CNTF-induced responses.
Polarographic reduction of aldehydes and ketones: Part XXV. Electroreduction of pyridinecarboxaldehydes in aqueous buffered solutions

Abstract The mechanisms of electroreduction of 2-, 3-, and 4-pyridinecarboxaldehydes have been studied in aqueous buffered solutions of pH between 2 and 12 by means of dc and differential pulse polarography, linear-sweep voltammetry and controlled-potential electrolysis. Spectroscopic measurements confirmed that these compounds in aqueous solutions exist in equilibria involving both the hydrated and unhydrated forms. The degree of hydration depends strongly on protonation both of the pyridine ring and of the side-chain. Dehydration reactions producing the aldehyde species occur prior to the electron (and possibly the proton) transfer. The loss of water can take place from a protonated geminal diol form or from a neutral diol, depending on pH. Alternatively, the geminal diol anion can eliminate hydroxide ion. A diprotonated pyridinecarboxaldehyde is the electroactive species at pH 8 manifested by an increase of the total limiting current. In this reaction the rate-determining step is the dissociation of a proton from the geminal diol forming a geminal diol anion, which is followed by a rapid elimination of a hydroxide ion to yield the reducible aldehyde. Reaction schemes involving sequences of hydration-dehydration and acid-base reactions as well as electron transfers at mercury electrodes have been proposed for the three isomers. The predominating processes in individual pH-ranges have been pointed out. Electroreduction of the 3-aldehyde occurs up to pH 10 in a single two-electron step. The 2- and 4-aldehydes are reduced between pH 2 and 12 in two, one-electron steps. Electrodimerization occurs at the potential of the limiting current of the first one-electron wave for the 2- and 4-isomer, similarly as for the 3-isomer at pH > 10, where its reduction occurs in a single one-electron wave. Surface dimerization or reaction of the electrolysis products with the parent aldehyde was considered in interpretation of the reduction of the 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde at pH > 7. Electropolymerization accompanies the reduction of 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde in alkaline media.
Abnormalities in gastrointestinal motor activity in patients with short bowels: effect of a synthetic opiate.

Abstract We have investigated the fasting and postprandial patterns of gastrointestinal pressure activity in a group of patients with extensive (>100 cm) resections of the distal small bowel. Each short bowel patient was studied on 2 consecutive days with random single blind administration of either loperamide (6 mg at 5 h and at 30 min before the meal) or placebo, and 20 healthy controls were studied on single days (13 basal fasting, 7 placebo). During fasting, the duration of the interdigestive motor complex was significantly shorter in patients with short bowel syndrome (71.1 ± 15.6 min vs. 109 ± 7.8 min for controls, p
Transcatheter interventions across fresh suture lines in infants and children: An 8-year experience

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the outcomes of catheter dilation interventions in general upon surgical anastomotic sites in the immediate postoperative period. Background Early postoperative cardiac catheter intervention is regarded as high-risk, particularly when a dilation intervention across a fresh suture line is performed. Methods All catheter dilation interventions performed upon a fresh suture line within 30 days of congenital heart surgery between August 2005 and December 2013 were reviewed. Values are reported as median and interquartile range (IQR). Primary endpoint was procedural success, which was defined as an increase in vessel diameter of >75% of the adjacent normal vessel or 50% increase over pre-dilation diameter. Secondary endpoints included procedural complications and survival to hospital discharge. Results Forty-five patients, median age 0.15 years (0.03–0.51 years), weight 4.1 kg (3.1–6.4 kg), underwent 62 interventional procedures on median postoperative day 7 (3–13 days). Among the 62 dilation interventions at surgical anastomotic areas, were 30 stent and 32 balloon angioplasty procedures. There were two major complications including: arterial dissection during stent placement and a procedural mortality due to pulmonary artery avulsion during angioplasty. There were 12 deaths (27%) prior to hospital discharge. The median ratio of maximum stent diameter to stenosis diameter was 2.62 (2.27–3.73). The median ratio of maximum balloon diameter to stenosis diameter was 2.27 (1.84–2.94). Stent placement was more likely to result in procedural success (OR 2.1; 95% confidence interval 1.6–2.8). Conclusion Though caution is paramount, early postoperative catheter dilation intervention across fresh suture lines can be performed safely in small, critically ill children. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design and operation of a pilot-scale catalytic biomass pyrolysis unit

RTI International is developing an advanced biofuels technology that integrates a catalytic biomass pyrolysis step and a hydroprocessing step to produce infrastructure-compatible biofuels. At the current stage of development, the catalytic biomass pyrolysis process is being scaled-up in a 1 tonne per day (1 TPD) pilot plant based on a single-loop transport reactor design with continuous catalyst circulation and regeneration. The chemistry of biomass pyrolysis is manipulated by the catalyst and by controlling the pyrolysis temperature, vapor residence time, and biomass-to-catalyst ratio. The pilot unit has been successfully operated with a novel catalyst that produces a bio-crude intermediate with 24 wt% oxygen. Product yields and composition in the pilot plant are consistent with results obtained in a laboratory-scale 2.54 cm diameter bubbling fluidized bed reactor. The overall mass balance was 93%, while the carbon closure was 83%.
Increased Probability of Error Repetition as a Function of Number of Successive Prior Repetitions

Data collected from 37 college students on a multiple-choice learning task indicated that errors were repeated more frequently the more often they had previously recurred. Neither differential pre-experimental strength nor Thorndikian spread of effect was supported as a causative factor.
Complications and prognosis of treatment of mallet finger

This study reviews complications of treatment in 123 mallet fingers treated operatively and nonoperatively. In the 84 digits splinted there was a 45% rate of complications, mostly skin related; however, these complications were almost always transient. For the 45 surgically treated digits the complication rate was 53%, with 76% of these complications still present at a mean follow-up of 38 months. Six digits treated initially with splinting (minimum of 6 weeks) and later with surgery were included in both groups. Major complications in the patients undergoing surgery included deep infection (4%), joint incongruity (18%), and nail deformity (18%). In addition, seven patients (16%) required reoperation, and all of these had an unsatisfactory result except that in one finger the outcome was.unknown.