cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spectral analysis of synthetic quartzofeldspathic glasses using laboratory thermal infrared spectroscopy

[1] Si-O-Si bond vibrations within silicate materials produce a prominent absorption feature in the 8–12 μm region of thermal infrared (TIR) spectra. The wavelength position of this absorption varies with SiO2 content and may be used to determine rock composition. However, the presence of glass greatly affects the measurement of emitted and reflected TIR energy from the surface, a phenomenon which is not currently well understood. This study examines the TIR spectral characteristics of a suite of synthetic high-SiO2 quartzofeldspathic glasses that vary systematically in composition. Glasses were synthesized in the albite-quartz, oligoclase-quartz, and andesine-quartz systems. Microreflectance (∼1000 μm2) and TIR emission spectra (bulk sample) were collected, and the spectral band maxima and minima were determined for each. Reflectance band maximum positions show a strong correlation with emissivity band minimum positions, indicating that the two types of spectra are comparable for this study. Excellent correlations are obtained between weight percent SiO2 and reflectance maxima position, emission minima position, and spectral shoulder position. Molar Al/[Al+Si] and [Na+Ca]/Si are all well-correlated with reflectance maxima and shoulder positions but slightly less correlated with emission minima. Results of this study will contribute to a better understanding of spectral properties of quartzofeldspathic glasses and will provide a means to more accurately detect and map glassy surfaces (e.g., volcanoes and impact craters) remotely from the ground and from orbit.
THE POPULAR APPEAL OF APOCALYPTIC AI

The belief that computers will soon become transcendently intelligent and that human beings will "upload" their minds into machines has become ubiquitous in public discussions of robotics and artificial intelligence in Western cultures. Such beliefs are the result of pervasive Judaeo-Christian apocalyptic beliefs, and they have rapidly spread through modern pop and technological culture, including such varied and influential sources as Rolling Stone, the IEEE Spectrum, and official United States government reports. They have gained sufficient credibility to enable the construction of Singularity University in California. While different approaches are possible (and, indeed, are common in Japan and possibly elsewhere), this particular vision of artificial intelligence and robotics has gained ground in the West through the influence of figures such as Hans Moravec and Ray Kurzweil. Because pop-science books help frame public discussion of new sciences and technologies for individuals, corporations, and governments alike, the integration of religious and technoscientific claims made by their authors should be clear and open for public and scientific debate. As we move forward into an increasingly robotic future, we should do so aware of the ways in which a group's religious environment can help set the tone for public acceptance and use of robotic technologies.
Hydrometeor size distributions retrieved from vertical pointing UHF and S-band profilers during the TRMM ground validation program

With their high vertical and temporal resolution, vertically-pointing profilers offer valuable information about the vertical structure of precipitating cloud systems. The observed vertical structure of the precipitating cloud is related to the latent heating profile in the cloud system. The different precipitation regimes (e.g., convective, stratiform, and transitional precipitation) can be identified by diagnosing the profiler resolved vertical structure of reflectivity, mean Doppler velocity, and turbulence. The classifications based on these vertical profiles are important for estimating the frequency and percent occurrence of the precipitation regimes.
Global Competition's Perfect Storm: Why Business and Labor Cannot Solve Their Problems Alone

A perfect storm is a conjoining of forces that intensifies effects. This commentary addresses the economic perfect storm that the United States and many other developed countries face as they attempt to become globally competitive. Its forces conflate strategic change with the erosion of employment and income security as firms shed labor and old institutional arrangements, in turn degrading quality of work and family life for workers as well as the futures of retirees. We evaluate the responses of our commentators—Louis Uchitelle, J.T. Battenberg III, and Thomas Kochan—who assess the current crisis and possible solutions to it. Their responses and the supporting evidence indicate that the current misalignment among labor, management, and government and the 20th century institutions they maintain make any effective solution nearly impossible. That is, unless there is a renewed partnership among business, labor, and government to create 21st century institutions capable of achieving both global competitiven...
Repetitive Transient Myocardial Ischemia, Prinzmetal Type, without Angina Pectoris, Presenting with Stokes-Adams Attacks

A case of Prinzmetal type of repetitive transient myocardial ischemia was observed in a 71-year-old man who presented with Stokes-Adams attacks, associated with complete heart block and intermittent sinoatrial block. He exhibited frequent transient episodes of marked RS-T segment elevation in leads 2, 3 and aVF with depression in leads 1, aVL and V1 through V4, which occurred entirely without chest pain. A permanent demand cardiac pacemaker was placed, with disappearance of further syncopal attacks.
A comparison of the cell-free protein synthetic activities of testicular tissue obtained from rats and mice of various ages.

Abstract 1. 1. The cell-free protein synthetic activity of the post-mitochondrial supernatant from the testes of 6-, 14-, and 30-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats and C57 B1/6J mice was determined. 2. 2. An age-related decrease in cell-free protein synthesis was observed in both groups of rodents and was similar to the decrease previously reported for Fischer F344 rats. 3. 3. The decrease in cell-free protein synthesis by testicular tissue from rodents occurs primarily after 14 months of age.
Cellular Proliferative Fraction of Metastatic Lymph Nodes Predicts Survival in Stage D1 (TxN+MO) Prostate Cancer

AbstractPurpose: We assessed the ability of tumor cellular proliferative fraction to predict long-term survival among patients with lymphatic metastases from prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: We studied 50 patients with stage D1 (TxN+M0) prostate cancer who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy and125 iodine seed implantation between 1970 and 1978. We used the MIB-1 monoclonal antibody to Ki67 to stain sections of the lymphatic metastases in these patients. The Ki67 proliferative fraction was defined as the fraction of positively stained malignant nuclei. We also used flow cytometry to determine the deoxyribonucleic acid content of the lymphatic metastases.Results: Median followup was 6.1 years. Patients whose metastases had a Ki67 proliferative fraction of less than 0.1 had significantly longer survival compared to those with a proliferative fraction of greater than 0.1 (8.7 years versus 4.4 years, respectively, p = 0.005, log rank test). The Ki67 proliferative fraction and ploidy were not independent va...
Contact Electrification between Identical Materials

Pieces of identical, atomically flat insulators separate a charge Q when brought into contact and then parted. Repeated contacts cause the magnitudes of the separated charges to increase monotonically. A theoretical model is presented that explains these phenomena by the inherent, molecular-scale fluctuations in the composition of the seemingly identical contacting surfaces.
1017-75 Delayed Views Post PTCA Predict Acute and In-Hospital Complications in Patients with Unstable Angina

Adverse in-hospital ischemic complications are increased following PTCA in unstable angina in comparison to stable angina and may relate to the high incidence of intracoronarythrombus associated with unstable angina. We have previously noted that following PTCA, delayed views (15 min. postPTCA) often demonstrate lesional irregularities and filling defects suggestive of thrombus not noted immediately (1 min.) following PTCA. In the TAUSA trial, unstable angina patients were randomized to Urokinase or placebo during PTCA of the culprit lesion. One and 15 minute post PTCA angiograms were routinely assessed for major dissection (MDl or thrombus (T) formation. Because ischemic events were increased with urokinase, only placebo patients were evaluated in this analysis. MD was defined as a spiral D or a D causing g 50% diameter reduction. No T or MD at 15 min (N = 170) T or MO at 15 min (N = 50) No T or MD at 1 min (N = 202) Acute closure (%) 0 * , ‡ 8 * 2 ‡ Emergent bypass (%) 0 † 4 † 0.5 Any ischemic in hospital event (%) 3.5 ‡ 10 ‡ 4 * p l 0.005 † p = 0.05 ‡ p l 010 The presence of T or MD at 15 min. post PTCA was associated with a higher incidence of acute closure and other adverse clinical events vs. no T or MD at 15 min. post PTCA. There was a trend to a lower incidence of acute closure when the 15 min. angiogram revealed no T or MD in comparison to no T or MD at 1 min. post PTCA. Thus, T or MD on delayed views identify a group of patients who are at a higher risk of adverse events. The absence of Tor MD at 15 min. following PTCA in unstable angina is associated with few adverse events. These data suggest that delayed views should be routinely performed following PTCA in unstable angina.
In silico environments augment clinical trials

One of the most promising new approaches to interpreting complex systems data is to generate self-organizing simulations. We have previously applied Markov random field methods to create virtual worlds for the prototyping of wetlab experimentation. We have termed the virtual worlds "in silico environments" to express a synergism between computer simulation and wetlab experimentation. We show that in silico environments allow the planning of clinical trial procedures. A strong aspect of the method is the use of a dedicated object oriented language called Slang (simulation language).
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Dichloroacetate in the F344 Rat after Prior Administration in Drinking Water

The effect of prior administration of dichloroacetate (DCA) in drinking water on the pharmacokinetics of DCA in male F344 rats was studied. Rats were provided with DCA in their drinking water at 0.2 and 2.0 g/liter for 14 days and then challenged with iv bolus iv or gavage doses of [14C1,2]DCA, 16 hr after pretreatment withdrawal. The blood concentration-time profiles of DCA and the disposition of 14C was characterized and compared with controls. The effect of pretreatment on the in vitro metabolism of DCA in hepatic cytosol was also evaluated. Pretreatment caused a significant increase in the blood concentration and AUC0-->infinity of DCA (433.3 versus 2406 microg ml-1 hr). Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that pretreatment significantly decreased total body clearance (267.4 versus 42.7 ml hr-1 kg-1), which was largely due to decreased metabolism since only modest differences in the urinary clearance of DCA were observed. Pretreatment significantly decreased the formation of 14CO2 after both iv and oral doses of [14C]DCA. The decrease in CO2 formation was also observed after pretreatment with DCA at 0.2 g/liter. Pretreatment also increased the urinary elimination of DCA and several metabolites, particularly glycolate. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that DCA pretreatment inhibited the conversion of DCA to glyoxylate, oxalate, and glycolate in hepatic cytosol. These results indicate that DCA has an auto-inhibitory effect on its metabolism and that pharmacokinetic studies using single doses in naive rats will underestimate the concentration of DCA at the target tissue during chronic or repeated exposures.
Role of the mystacial vibrissae in the control of isolation induced aggresion in the mouse

Adult male Swiss Albino mice were isolated from conspecific contact for 10 days. Removal of the mystacial vibrissae and subsequent anesthesia of the vibrissal pad reduced the number of aggressive social encounters that normally ensue upon the reintroduction of a conspecific. This reduction occurred under conditions in which latencies for initial social contact were essentially unchanged. These results are consistent with previous reports upon the importance of vibrissal integrity in the control of attack behaviors in a variety of other aggressive paradigms, and extend previous observations to a novel species and attack paradigm. Recent developments in the study of agonistic behavior have pointed to the importance of highly specific sensory input for the elaboration of a variety of aggressive responses. In particular, trigeminal mechanisms including the sensory organs located at the facial lipline and the mystacial vibrissae have been shown to influence the occurrence of terminal attack components such as facial orientation and biting in many models of aggression. For example, Flynn and his colleagues (Flynn, 1967, 1972; Flynn et al. 1971; MacDonnell and Flynn, 1966a, b) have pointed to the importance of sensory factors in the control of centrally elicited attack in the cat, both through the direct alteration of sensory fields subsequent to central stimulation of aggression producing sites, and additionally through the disruption of terminal attack patterns subsequent to the interruption '~f afferent trigeminal input. In addition, afferent factors have been implicated in the control of shock elicited, biochemicaUy induced, and predatory aggression in the rat via a variety of peripheral manipulations including facial anesthesia and vibrissal removal (Thor and Ghiselli, 1973, 1974a, b, 1975). It would appear from
Task selection cost asymmetry without task switching.

The switch cost asymmetry (i.e., larger costs when switching from a nondominant into a dominant task than vice versa) has been explained in terms of the trial-to-trial carryover of activation levels required for the dominant versus the nondominant task. However, there is an open question about whether an actual switch in task is in fact necessary to obtain a “selection” cost asymmetry. In Experiments 1 and 2, we modified an alternatingruns paradigm to include either long or short response-to-stimulus intervals (RSIs) after each pair of trials (i.e., AA-AA-BB-BB), thereby inducing selection costs not only at the point of a task switch (i.e., AA-BB), but also between same-task pairs (i.e., AA-AA). Using spatially compatible versus incompatible response rules (Experiment 1) and Stroop word versus color naming (Experiment 2), we found asymmetric effects not only at task-change transitions, but also at task-repeat transitions when the RSI was long (presumably inducing frequent losses of set). In Experiments 3A and 3B, a cost asymmetry for long RSIs was obtained even when competing tasks were separated into alternating single task blocks, but not when the tasks were compared in a betweensubjects design. This general pattern cannot be explained by activation carryover models, but is consistent with the idea that the asymmetry arises as a result of interference from long-term memory traces.
Factors associated with superior self-management skills among individuals with epilepsy

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to determine whether the self-management skills of patients with epilepsy are associated with certain demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables. Methods A direct survey of 182 patients, including the Epilepsy Self-Management Scale, was conducted. Results On univariate analysis, higher age, the occurrence of convulsions, and the use of religion as a coping mechanism were associated with higher self-management scores. On multiple linear regression, only age and the presence of convulsions remained independently significant. Older individuals employed more medication management skills. Those who experienced convulsions utilized more information management, seizure management, and lifestyle management skills. However, using binary logistic regression, we found that these subscales were not independently significant. The presence of superior self-management skills did not necessarily translate into decreased seizure frequency. Conclusion Individuals with epilepsy who are older and experience convulsions generally have better self-management skills. This indicates that antecedents influence the development of self-management skills.
Role of preoperative iodocholesterol scintiscanning in patients undergoing adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome.

Background. Iodocholesterol scintiscanning (IS) is a noninvasive, functional diagnostic test. We report our experience with IS as an adjunct for adrenal surgery for Cushing's syndrome. Methods. Between April 1983 and October 1994, 23 patients with Cushing's syndrome from benign primary adrenal disease underwent IS and computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twelve patients had unilateral adrenal involvement with a solitary adenoma (n=11) or unilateral multinodular disease (n=1), and 11 patients had bilateral adrenal disease. Results. In patients with Cushing's syndrome caused by unilateral adrenal disease, IS was 100% specific and 100% sensitive, whereas in two cases CT/MRI incorrectly showed bilateral disease. In patients with Cushing's syndrome with bilateral adrenal involvement, IS had one false-negative result with nonvisualization. CT/MRI showed unilateral disease in four cases and no abnormalities in two. All patients in this series were cured of Cushing's syndrome after unilateral adrenalectomy in 11 cases and bilateral adrenalectomy in 12 cases. Conclusions. IS is a highly sensitive and specific imaging modality and is an essential adjunct to biochemical testing in planning adrenal resections for Cushing's syndrome caused by primary adrenal disease.
Determinant selection and macrophage function in genetic control of the immune response

The immune response to insulin, in both mouse and guinea pig, is under control of H-linked immune response genes. When immunized with either pork or beef insulin in CFA, both strain 2 and 13 guinea pigs respond by antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation and synthesis of specific antibody. The specificities of the elicited antibodies and indistinguishable between these inbred strains. By constrast, strain 2 T cells recognized a distinct region of the A chain alpha loop consisting of amino acid residues 8, 9 and 10, while strain 13 T cells see an as yet undefined region of the B chain. H2b (A chain alpha loop responder) and H2d (B chain responder) mice similarly discriminate which areas of the molecule are recognized by their T lymphocytes. The function of the Ir gene in both the guinea pig and mouse appears to be an intramolecular selection of discrete regions within the antigen for recognition by the T cell. The data presented suggest that this function operates at the level of the macrophage.
Treatment and referral guidelines in gastroenterology.

Guidelines for medical practice have become a part of everyday practice for the gastroenterologist. Governmental agencies, third-party payers, and professional societies have produced guidelines for disease management and endoscopic use, including screening and surveillance for colon and rectal neoplasia, surveillance of Barrett's esophagus, and management of gastrointestinal bleeding. Guidelines also exist for practice issues in gastrointestinal endoscopy, including quality assurance in the endoscopy suite, the preparation of the patient for endoscopy, and the appropriate level of monitoring after administration of sedative and analgesic medications. This article analyzes the rationale for practice guidelines, discusses problems with their development and implementation, and provides specific examples relevant to the subspecialty of gastroenterology. This article addresses the interests of the clinical gastroenterologist. The author's experience and views arise not as an academician of public health policy but instead as a practicing gastroenterologist involved in the development, distribution, and implementation of practice guidelines as a member (1991–1993) and chairman (1993–1996) of the Standards of Practice committee of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE), co-chairman of the Treatment and Referral Guideline subcommittee of the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) and ASGE initiative on managed care, coauthor of guidelines on practice issues in gastrointestinal endoscopy with committees of the American Heart Association and American Society of Anesthesiologists, and member (1995–1997) of the ad hoc committee on Practice Parameters of the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG).
The importance of blood collection methods for assessment of platelet activation

Abstract Blood collection and processing techniques must be carefully standardized in order to make valid measurements of plasma concentrations of platelet secreted proteins. We therefore conducted this study to determine the optimum method for obtaining serial blood samples for platelet factor 4 (PF4) radioimmunoassay and circulating platelet aggregate ratios (CPA). Venous blood samples for PF4 and CPA were obtained from normal volunteers through either an indwelling 21 guage butterfly needle or by multiple separate venipunctures using the same type of needle and a modified “two-syringe” technique. Results demonstrated that there was significant platelet activation and secretion of PF4, but not CPA, that occurred within 15 minutes of needle insertion and continued during the duration of time that samples were obtained through the indwelling needle. Although there were lower plasma PF4 concentrations if a high fluid flow rate was maintained, there was still a significantly higher PF4 concentration when compared to samples obtained simultaneously by single venipuncture in the opposite arm. In addition, these results demonstrated that neither an indwelling intravenous needle in the opposite arm nor a previous venipuncture in the same site elevated PF4 concentrations.
Analysis of the Interface in CNT-Polyethylene Nanocomposites using a Multiscale Modeling Method

One anticipated application for carbon nanotube is as multifunctional reinforcement material in high performance nanocomposites and the structural composites in which nanocomposites may be embedded. The performance of the composites in terms of enhanced mechanical, thermal and electrical properties is critically aected by the interfacial characteristics between the CNTs and the polymer matrix. Hence, in order to design high performance CNT-polymer nanocomposites, it is essential to understand the interface of the CNTs and the polymer. As it is dicult to directly obtain the characteristics of the interface of CNTs and polymer through experiments, it is proposed to characterize the interface using computational materials science approach. In the present work, force eld molecular dynamic(MD) simulation has been applied to assess the separations of the interface in normal and sliding directions in nanocomposites at the nanoscale for a CNT-polyethylene nanocomposites. The peak force and the energy of separation were obtained by monitoring the force on a representative graphene layer as it was separated from a segment of the bulk polyethylene near the CNT interface, and subsequently used to construct cohesive zone parameters which can be transferred to higher level continuum model. Normal opening model separations and sliding mode separations were done to characterize the interface in two directions. A study of sensitivity of the force-displacement response has also been performed to investigate the inuence of the temperature on the properties of interface. At the microscale, the cohesive zones were applied within the framework of a generalized self-consistent composite cylinder model and an FEM model in order to investigate the impact of the non-functionalized interface on the macroscale eective properties of nanocomposites. Functionalized interface was constructed by adding functional group between graphene sheet and the polymer. Force separation responses of functionalized interface from normal opening separations were compared with thoes of non-functionalized interface, with special emphasis placed on bond breaking and polymer griping in the functionalized cases.
Renal artery to inferior vena cava fistula following gunshot wound to the abdomen

Traumatic fistula involving the renal artery and IVC is a rare event, and typically is a result of penetrating injury. A case of right renal artery to IVC fistula following a gunshot wound to the abdomen is reported, and illustrates the significant hemodynamic changes that accompany these fistulae. We also emphasize the importance of thorough initial exploration of retroperitoneal hematomas following penetrating trauma, and review management options in the treatment of renal arteriovenous fistulae.
Use of the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm in optimal coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy.

We are utilizing recent advances in ultrafast laser technology and recent discoveries in optimal shaping of laser pulses to significantly enhance the stand-off detection of explosives via control of molecular processes at the quantum level. Optimal dynamic detection of explosives is a method whereby the selectivity and sensitivity of any of a number of nonlinear spectroscopic methods are enhanced using optimal shaping of ultrafast laser pulses. We have recently investigated the Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm as a method to very quickly estimate the optimal spectral phase for a given analyte from its spontaneous Raman spectrum and the ultrafast laser pulse spectrum. Results for obtaining selective coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectra (CARS) for an analyte in a mixture, while suppressing the CARS signals from the other mixture components, are compared for the Gerchberg–Saxton method versus previously obtained results from closed-loop machine-learning optimization using evolutionary strategies.
Optimization of thermal via design parameters based on an analytical thermal resistance model

In dealing with thermal via design, this paper presents a simple analytical model that provides an efficient approach for analysis of thermal via pads. Small vias close to one another form a cluster with a relatively large dimension. Heat flow across the substrate thickness in the via cluster is much more significant than the heat spreading effect in the lateral direction. Therefore, predominantly one-dimensional heat conduction allows analytical simplification by modeling the thermal via as parallel networks. Through single and multiple via modeling, an analytical relationship of thermal resistance versus the via design parameters is found and presented in dimensionless form. The via design parameters include hole diameter, pitch, plating thickness, and the void level of the filled materials inside the vias. Optimization of the design parameters is obtained using thermal resistance as the objective function. The analytical results were correlated with an FEA model and can be used as thermal via design guidelines in electronics packaging.
Fate determination of adult human glial progenitor cells

Glial progenitor cells (GPCs) comprise the most abundant population of progenitor cells in the adult human brain. They are responsible for central nervous system (CNS) remyelination, and likely contribute to the astrogliotic response to brain injury and degeneration as well. Adult human GPCs are biased to differentiate as oligodendrocytes and elaborate new myelin, and yet they retain multilineage plasticity, and can give rise to neurons as well as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes once removed from the adult parenchymal environment. GPCs retain strong mechanisms for cell-autonomous self-renewal, and yet both their phenotype and fate may be dictated by their microenvironment. Using the transcriptional profiles of acutely isolated GPCs, we have begun to understand the operative ligand-receptor interactions involved in these processes, and have identified several key signaling pathways by which adult human GPCs may be reliably instructed to either oligodendrocytic or astrocytic fate. In addition, we have noted significant differences between the expressed genes and dominant signaling pathways of fetal and adult human GPCs, as well as between rodent and human GPCs. The latter data in particular call into question therapeutic strategies predicated solely upon data obtained using rodents, while perhaps highlighting the extent to which evolution has been attended by the phylogenetic modification of glial phenotype and function.
Advances in NMR Techniques for Hydrocarbon Characterization

It is clear from the amount of material in this book focused on various chromatographic techniques, that the analysis of complex hydrocarbon mixtures continues to be one of the biggest challenges facing analytical chemists in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, environmental, petroleum, polymer, and petrochemical arenas. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has long been recognised as the spectroscopic technique of choice for obtaining detailed structural, dynamic, and chemical information of organic compounds. However, the analysis of complex organic mixtures with traditional one-dimensional (1D) NMR techniques usually suffers from severe spectral overlap, making it virtually impossible to extract detailed compositional information. Many ingenious and elegant 1D, 2D, and multidimensional NMR spectral editing techniques have been developed that address various aspects of this resolution problem and are now routinely implemented on modern commercial spectrometers. Excellent texts describing both the theoretical aspects and the practical application of these techniques are available.1–5
Ascorbic acid oxidase of Myrothecium verrucaria.

Ascorbic acid oxidase is widely distributed in higher plants. The enzyme from certain tissues has been highly purified, and some of its properties are well established, especially its copper protein character (6, 19, 23, 24). The function of the enzyme and the role and metabolism of ascorbic acid in plant tissues has been studied extensively (19). Although enzymatic pathways of electron transfer between dehydrogenase systems and ascorbic acid are known, the significance of these and of ascorbic acid oxidase, itself, in respiration or other metabolic phenomena remains obscure. Two atypical ascorbic acid oxidases in lower plants have been investigated, one by Mandels (17, 18) in spores of the fungus Myrothecium verrucaria, the other by Ward (29) in the slime mold Physarum polycephalum. These enzymes were termed "atypical" because they differed from the copper enzyme in response to inhibitors of metallo-enzymes, in reaction products, or in substrate specificity. Furthermore, the slime mold enzyme appeared to require an intermediate thiol compound for activity. The mycelium of M. verrucaria also contains an atypical ascorbic acid oxidase (18, 30) with certain properties distinctly different from those of the spore enzyme as well as the slime mold and higher plant oxidases. The present study deals mainly with the general properties and cellular location of the mycelial oxidase and its role as an electron transfer agent in the respiration of mycelium.
Professionalisierung der Evaluierungsforschung? Beobachtungen zu Entwicklungstrends in den USA

Absicht dieses Beitrags ist es, einen Uberblick uber den gegenwartigen Stand der Evaluierungsforschung in den USA als eines sich dynamisch entwickelnden Forschungszweiges und eines neuen Berufs- und Aufgabenfeldes fur anwendungsorien-tierte Forscher zu vermitteln. Meine hier zugrundeliegende Perspektive ist gepragt von eigenen Erfahrungen als Forscher. Ich begann meine Berufstatigkeit zu einem Zeitpunkt in den fruhen funfziger Jahren, da eine anwendungsorientierte empirische Sozialforschung gerade ihre ersten Schritte unternahm. Im weiteren Verlauf meiner beruflichen Entwicklung wechselten sich akademisch-wissenschaftliche und anwen-dungsbezogene Forschungsaktivitaten standig miteinander ab. Etwa ein Viertel meines bisherigen Berufslebens wirkte ich als Direktor eines gemeinnutzigen Forschungsinstituts, des National Opinion Research Centers (NORC) in Chicago, die restlichen Jahre widmete ich der Forschung und Lehre zu verschiedenen sozialwissenschaftlichen Problemstellungen. Meine Forschung und Lehre erfolgte stets mit Blick auf die Praxis und auf der Suche nach einem potentiellen Anwendungsbezug. So ist meine Perspektive gepragt sowohl von der akademischen Lehre und Forschung als auch von der eigenen anwendungsbezogenen Forschungstatigkeit. Ich betone diese Aspekte einerseits, um die Glaubwurdigkeit meiner Aussagen als Evaluierungsforscher zu erhohen, andererseits aber auch, um meine Erfahrungsbasis zu verdeutlichen und damit einen moglicherweise bestehehden Bias zu kennzeichnen.
Structural representation of management and control information in broadband networks

The authors investigate the structural representation of real-time network control and management of asynchronous transfer modes (ATM)-based networks. The network architecture consists of four planes that model the information transport, connection management and control, resource monitoring and management, and resource management and control functions. A fifth plane represents the architecture for network management based on the open systems interconnection (OSI) management paradigm and provides for operations, administration and maintenance tasks. The storage of information is based on a set of inheritance and containment trees of network objects. >
Floristic inventory of the remnant pinelands of the U.S.D.A. Subtropical Horticultural Research Station at Chapman Field, Miami-Dade County, Florida

Abstract A floristic inventory of the remnant pinelands of the U.S.D.A. Subtropical Horticultural Research Station at Chapman Field, Miami-Dade County, Florida was conducted from July 2002 to March 2003. From the two-hectare study site, 159 vascular plant species were documented. These included six ferns and fern allies, two conifers, and 151 angiosperms (representing 49 families and 124 genera). Of the 159 species, 118 are native to North America north of Mexico and 41 are non-native but naturalized. The families with the most species in the study area included Fabaceae (25 spp.), Poaceae (20 spp.), Asteraceae (15 spp.), and Euphorbiaceae (9 spp.). The best-represented genera were Chamaesyce (five spp.), Sida (four spp.), and five genera with three species each: Chamaecrista, Ipomoea, Lantana, Rhynchosia, and Senna. Five species are new records for Miami-Dade County. Ten Florida endemic species, eight Florida threatened species, four Florida endangered species, and one federally listed endangered species...
Complication analysis in nitinol stent-assisted embolization of 486 intracranial aneurysms.

OBJECT Stent-assisted embolization (SAE) has broadened the scope of endovascular cerebral aneurysm treatment. The risks associated with stent selection and configuration are poorly defined. In this study, the authors aimed to characterize the risk factors that contribute to complications in SAE of intracranial aneurysms. METHODS Over a 10-year period, a single surgeon treated 486 aneurysms with SAE in which open-cell Neuroform or closed-cell Enterprise stents were used. Single stents were used in 386 cases, overlapping stents were deployed in 80 cases, and Y-configuration stents were used in the remaining 20 cases. All neurological complications, which included transient deficits, were analyzed; disabling strokes and death were considered major complications. The chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluate the influence of aneurysm size and morphology, aneurysm location, stent selection, and stent configuration on complication rates. RESULTS There were 7 deaths (1.4%), 9 maj...
Rationale for phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor use post-radical prostatectomy: experimental and clinical review

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common complication after radical prostatectomy and results from trauma sustained by the cavernosal nerves. This is a major concern for patients and often affects treatment decisions. The likely mechanism for post-prostatectomy ED is through corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction. There is an increasing amount of evidence to suggest that phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5 inhibitors), when given on a continuous long-term basis, can help to prevent and reverse ED after surgery. In this review article we will examine the pathophysiology of post-prostatectomy ED and discuss the experimental and available clinical evidence for administering PDE5 inhibitors after prostatectomy.
Use cases based requirements validation with scenarios

Use cases are analytical descriptions of how a system should react in interaction with actors. Use cases are appropriate as specification of a system required behavior. A scenario is an example of execution of a system that may be defined with the intention that it should be supported or the intention that it should be avoided. As such, scenarios are appropriate for requirements validation. This paper presents an approach where use cases and scenarios are used to complement each other for requirements engineering. Use cases define what a system should do, and scenarios are used to validate use cases.
iWarp protocol kernel space software implementation

Zero-copy, RDMA, and protocol offload are three very important characteristics of high performance interconnects. Previous networks that made use of these techniques were built upon proprietary, and often expensive, hardware. With the introduction of iWarp, it is now possible to achieve all three over existing low-cost TCP/IP networks.iWarp is a step in the right direction, but currently requires an expensive RNIC to enable zero-copy, RDMA, and protocol offload. While the hardware is expensive at present, given that iWarp is based on a commodity interconnect, prices will surely fall. In the meantime only the most critical of servers will likely make use of iWarp, but in order to take advantage of the RNIC both sides must be so equipped.It is for this reason that we have implemented the iWarp protocol in software. This allows a server equipped with an RNIC to exploit its advantages even if the client does not have an RNIC. While throughput and latency do not improve by doing this, the server with the RNIC does experience a dramatic reduction in system load. This means that the server is much more scalable, and can handle many more clients than would otherwise be possible with the usual sockets/TCP/IP protocol stack.
Evidence for the involvement of the kainate receptor subunit GluR6 (GRIK2) in mediating behavioral displays related to behavioral symptoms of mania

The glutamate receptor 6 (GluR6 or GRIK2, one of the kainate receptors) gene resides in a genetic linkage region (6q21) associated with bipolar disorder (BPD), but its function in affective regulation is unknown. Compared with wild-type (WT) and GluR5 knockout (KO) mice, GluR6 KO mice were more active in multiple tests and super responsive to amphetamine. In a battery of specific tests, GluR6 KO mice also exhibited less anxious or more risk-taking type behavior and less despair-type manifestations, and they also had more aggressive displays. Chronic treatment with lithium, a classic antimanic mood stabilizer, reduced hyperactivity, aggressive displays and some risk-taking type behavior in GluR6 KO mice. Hippocampal and prefrontal cortical membrane levels of GluR5 and KA-2 receptors were decreased in GluR6 KO mice, and chronic lithium treatment did not affect these decreases. The membrane levels of other glutamatergic receptors were not significantly altered by GluR6 ablation or chronic lithium treatment. Together, these biochemical and behavioral results suggest a unique role for GluR6 in controlling abnormalities related to the behavioral symptoms of mania, such as hyperactivity or psychomotor agitation, aggressiveness, driven or increased goal-directed pursuits, risk taking and supersensitivity to psychostimulants. Whether GluR6 perturbation is involved in the mood elevation or thought disturbance of mania and the cyclicity of BPD are unknown. The molecular mechanism underlying the behavioral effects of lithium in GluR6 KO mice remains to be elucidated.
Evaluating The Projection Of Corporate Culture Online

It is argued that corporate culture projection should be considered an important business strategy and a crucial factor in entering different business environments. The framework presented in this paper is based on an extension of the AIPD web evaluation model (attracting, informing, delivering, positioning) to a greater focus on a firms’ stakeholders. Using this framework, the paper presents an e mpirical investigation of web organization and content of sites in three countries. The website evaluations and statistical analyses support the idea that websites can consistently project an appealing corporate culture if web content is structured with stakeholders in mind.
Superdeformation: An Experimental Review

The discovery of a superdeformed (SD) band of 19 discrete transitions in the nucleus 152Dy1 is at the origin of the formidable experimental and theoretical effort which has allowed for much progress in the unraveling of the main properties of superdeformation. Over the last five years, many unexpected features have been discovered. In fact, just as soon as a new feature has been explained invariably the next observation has highlighted another surprising phenomenon. The net result of all the activity has been a dramatic increase of our understanding of rapidly rotating nuclei.
Available potential vorticity and wave-averaged quasi-geostrophic flow

We derive a wave-averaged potential vorticity equation describing the evolution of strongly stratified, rapidly rotating quasi-geostrophic (QG) flow in a field of inertia-gravity internal waves. The derivation relies on a multiple-time-scale asymptotic expansion of the Eulerian Boussinesq equations. Our result confirms and extends the theory of Buhler & McIntyre (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 354, 1998, pp. 609–646) to non-uniform stratification with buoyancy frequency and therefore non-uniform background potential vorticity , and does not require spatial-scale separation between waves and balanced flow. Our interest in non-uniform background potential vorticity motivates the introduction of a new quantity: ‘available potential vorticity’ (APV). Like Ertel potential vorticity, APV is exactly conserved on fluid particles. But unlike Ertel potential vorticity, linear internal waves have no signature in the Eulerian APV field, and the standard QG potential vorticity is a simple truncation of APV for low Rossby number. The definition of APV exactly eliminates the Ertel potential vorticity signal associated with advection of a non-uniform background state, thereby isolating the part of Ertel potential vorticity available for balanced-flow evolution. The effect of internal waves on QG flow is expressed concisely in a wave-averaged contribution to the materially conserved QG potential vorticity. We apply the theory by computing the wave-induced QG flow for a vertically propagating wave packet and a mode-one wave field, both in vertically bounded domains.
Short-Channel Transistors Constructed with Solution-Processed Carbon Nanotubes

We develop short-channel transistors using solution-processed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to evaluate the feasibility of those SWNTs for high-performance applications. Our results show that even though the intrinsic field-effect mobility is lower than the mobility of CVD nanotubes, the electrical contact between the nanotube and metal electrodes is not significantly affected. It is this contact resistance which often limits the performance of ultrascaled transistors. Moreover, we found that the contact resistance is lowered by the introduction of oxygen treatment. Therefore, high-performance solution-processed nanotube transistors with a 15 nm channel length were obtained by combining a top-gate structure and gate insulators made of a high-dielectric-constant ZrO2 film. The combination of these elements yields a performance comparable to that obtained with CVD nanotube transistors, which indicates the potential for using solution-processed SWNTs for future aggressively scaled transistor technology.
In Search of a Relational Antecedent of Emotional Labor:A Social Network Perspective

We explore the relationship between individual's social network position and emotional labor. Specifically, by presenting friendship network centrality within an organization as a relational antece...
Surveillance as an intervention in the care of stroke patients.

ABSTRACTBackground:The term surveillance describes nurses’ cognitive work to identify and prevent patient complications. Surveillance involves frequent assessment of patients, attention to cues, and recognition of complications. Surveillance serves to prevent the phenomenon “failure to rescue,” whic
Numerical Simulation of the F-16XL at Full-Scale Flight Test Conditions Using Delayed Detached-Eddy Simulation

The F-16XL flight test data has been used for many years in the CAWAPI program series as a challenging test case for numerical prediction of military aircraft at full-scale flight conditions. The complexity of the configuration and the variety of flight test conditions available challenge most computational fluid dynamics codes and turbulence models. This study documents the use of the Kestrel flow solver with its solution-based mesh refinement capability and Delayed Detached-Eddy Simulation turbulence models for the F-16XL Flight Condition 25, a subsonic, high angle-of-attack flight condition that has proved particularly challenging for computational researchers. Spectral content of pressure data and the integrated lift, drag and pitching moment coefficients is also presented. The more advanced turbulence models, coupled with the more refined meshes, show very good agreement with flight test data and reasonable resolution of the unsteady frequency content.
Development of high repetition rate 0.1 - 1 TW CO2 lasers

Amplification of 3 ps pulses to >20GW in a 1Hz CO2 laser MOPA chain is described. Several ways and experimental progress towards increase of the peak power for 10 µm pulses are discussed.
Existence of k-1 power-law scaling in the equilibrium regions of wall-bounded turbulence explained by Heisenberg's eddy viscosity

The existence of a "-1" power-law scaling at low wavenumbers in the longitudinal velocity spectrum of wall-bounded turbulence was explained by multiple mechanisms; however, experimental support has not been uniform across laboratory studies. This letter shows that Heisenberg's eddy viscosity approach can provide a theoretical framework that bridges these multiple mechanisms and explains the elusiveness of the "-1" power law in some experiments. Novel theoretical outcomes are conjectured about the role of intermittency and very-large scale motions in modifying the k⁻¹ scaling.
Blockade of acetylcholine receptors by cobra toxin: electrophysiological studies.

Microelectrode techniques were used to investigate the manner in which a pure polypeptide toxin from cobra venom blocks transmission at the frog myoneural junction. At concentrations of 16-114 nM, the toxin causes an irreversible exponential decline in the amplitude of the end plate potential as a result of a decrease in the sensitivity of the postsynaptic receptors for acetylcholine. Other processes, such as spontaneous and impulse-evoked acetylcholine release, acetylcholinesterase activity, and passive electrical properties of the muscle fiber membrane, remain unaffected. The rate constant for inactivation of receptors increases linearly with toxin concentration. The constant of proportionality probably describes the binding of toxin to the receptor and equals 1.5 x 10 5 M -1 sec -1 . Certain complications in these experiments arise because diffusion barriers limit the access of toxin molecules to the receptors.