cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inclusion of Buckwheat in Organic Broiler Diets

ABSTRACT Many smaller farms in the United States are switching to organic crop production to remain competitive in an era of industrial agriculture. In doing so, they are cultivating crops not traditionally grown in the area. In the US Midwest, a popular organic crop is buckwheat. As organic corn continues to increase in price, many organic poultry farms are using alternative grains in their poultry diets, including buckwheat. Although buckwheat has been used as a livestock and poultry feed for many years, there are very few published data available on its use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of buckwheat as the main ingredient in organic broiler diets. Four experimental diets were used, with varying levels of buckwheat: 0, 20, 40, and 60%. The results indicated that up to 60% buckwheat can be included in broiler diets with no significant effect on BW gain. With the 60% inclusion level, however, there was a significant decline in feed efficiency. As the price of organic corn continues to increase, the lower price for buckwheat may make it an economical substitute in organic broiler diets.
Marked grid labeling

The grid labeling problem is an instance of the correspondence problem that occurs when structured light is used to gather range data. Here, spatial labeling is examined as an approach to resolving labeling ambiguities. Spatial labeling is attractive since there are no additional costs of acquisition time or subsequent processing time. A grid labeling algorithm is presented which combines the spatial marking technique of J. LeMigne and A.M. Waxman (1984) with the constraint propagation approach of G. Stockman and G. Hu (1986). It is found accurate grid labeling using the marked grid can be accomplished using a subset of Stockman and Hu's constraints. The structured light pattern used and the grid labeling algorithm that makes use of the special markers are described. The results of experiments using this pattern are presented. >
Cholinergic innervation of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus in the monkey: ultrastructural evidence supportive of functional diversity.

The ultrastructural organization of association nuclei in the primate thalamus is largely unexplored. In the present study we have combined electron microscopy with immunocytochemistry for the acetylcholine synthesizing enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) to assess the cholinergic synaptic organization of the mediodorsal (MD) nucleus in macaque monkeys. The cholinergic innervation of the MD nucleus showed striking regional variations with the greatest density of immunoreactive axons and varicosities found within the parvicellular division. Electron microscopic examination revealed that these ChAT immunoreactive (ChAT-IR) axons were primarily small and unmyelinated. The majority of immunoreactive synaptic profiles were found within the extraglomerular neuropil (80.5%), with the remainder present in glomerular regions. Within the glomerular and extra-glomerular neuropil ChAT-IR profiles made contact with both conventional, presumably relay cell dendrites (CD), as well as with synaptic vesicle containing dendrites (SVCD) of local circuit neurons. In the glomeruli the frequency of synapses was approximately equal for CDs and SVCDs while in the extraglomerular areas 75% of the synaptic contacts were with CDs. ChAT-IR synaptic profiles had a diversity of junctional complex morphologies. Within glomeruli they made symmetric synapses with CDs and predominantly asymmetric with SVCDs. The majority of extraglomerular contacts (60%) were classified as asymmetric and these as well as the smaller number of symmetric synapses contacted both CDs and SVCDs. In accord with results of physiological studies, these anatomical data indicate that cholinergic input to thalamic nuclei influences relay cell activity both directly and indirectly via local circuit neurons. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Fabrication methods of optical resonant filters with a close-to-rectangle filtering profile

The potential applications of optical resonant filters for optical communication systems can be significant. Three approaches to achieve a close-to-rectangle filtering profile for optical resonant filter were investigated and proven experimentally. The combination of the filtering sharpness, which comes from the resonance nature, and a flattened filtering window realized the close-to-rectangle filtering profile that can enhance the bandwidth efficiency.
Nonlinear programming without computation

Using the Kuhn-Tucker conditions from mathematical programming theory, a canonical nonlinear programming circuit for simulating general nonlinear programming problems has been developed. This circuit is canonical in the sense that its topology remains unchanged and that it requires only a minimum number of 2-terminal nonlinear circuit elements. Rather than solving the problem by iteration using a digital computer, we obtain the answer by setting up the associated nonlinear programming circuit and measuring the node voltages. In other words, the nonlinear programming circuit is simply a special purpose analog computer containing a repertoire of nonlinear function building blocks. To demonstrate the feasibility and advantage of this approach, several circuits have been built and measured. In all cases, the answers are obtained almost instantaneously in real time and are accurate to within 3 percent of the exact answers.
Light and electron radiation fields' coincidence at extended distance.

Light field is routinely used for matching electron fields with adjacent photon fields and also positioning an ion chamber for cutout output measurements. At extended distance, however, the peripheral aspects of a radiation field are shifted with respect to their light shadow by up to 10 mm at SSD of 115 cm. This is mostly due to a difference in positions of light and virtual electron sources; however loss of the lateral scatter equilibrium, electron scatter in air, and partial transmission through cutout edges can also contribute to the effect. For the aperture sizes large enough for the lateral scatter equilibrium to be achieved, a simple geometrical formula allows one to calculate the misalignment at off-axis locations if the virtual electron source position is known. If the source position is not known or the aperture is too small for the lateral scatter equilibrium to be established, then a light-radiation coincidence test using a ready-pack film at d max can be used to measure the light and electron radiation fields coincidence.
Piezoelectric stack actuator life test

Future NASA interferometer missions require actuators for precision positioning to accuracies of the order of nanometers. For this purpose, commercially available multilayer piezoelectric stack actuators are being considered for driving these precision positioning mechanisms. These mechanisms have potential mission operational requirements that exceed 5 years and the nominal actuator requirements for the most critical actuators on the these missions were estimated from the Modulation Optics Mechanism (MOM) and Pathlength control Optics Mechanism (POM) mechanisms which were developed for the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM). At a nominal drive frequency of two hundred and fifty hertz one mission life is calculated to be 40 Billion cycles. In order to test the feasibility of using these commercial actuators for these applications and to determine the reliability and the redundancy requirements of these actuators a life test study was undertaken. In this study a set of commercial PZT stacks configured in a potential actuator flight configuration (pre-stressed and bonded in flexures) were tested for up to 100 billion cycles. The test flexures allowed for two stacks to be mechanically connected in series. The tests were controlled using an automated Lab-View control and data acquisition system that set up the test parameters and monitored the waveform of the stack electrical current and voltage. The samples were driven between 0 and 20 Volts at 2000Hz to accelerate the life test and mimic the voltage expected to be applied to the stacks during operation. During the life test the primary stack was driven while the redundant stack was open circuited. The stroke determined from a strain gauge and the temperature and humidity in the chamber and the temperature of each individual stack were recorded. In addition other properties of the stacks were measured at specific intervals. These measurements included the displacement from a Capacitance gap sensor and impedance spectra. The degradation in the stroke over the life test was found to be small (&#60;3%) for the primary stacks and estimated to be &#60; 4% for the redundant stacks. It was noted that about half the stroke reduction occurred within the first 10 billion cycles. At the end of the life test it was found that by applying DC voltage levels (100 V) above the life test voltage we could initially recover about half of the lost stroke with again some degradation in the long term. The data up to 100 billion cycles for these tests and the analysis of the experimental results will be presented in this paper. 1,2
Counterpoint: better radiation treatment of non-small cell lung cancer using new techniques without elective nodal irradiation.

The treatment of non-small cell lung cancer has continued to evolve with the advent of improved staging technologies, chemotherapeutic agents, and methods of radiation delivery. Treatment of clinically uninvolved, regional lymph nodes historically has been delivered in the attempt to cover unseen disease, reduce regional failure, and improve survival. None of these suppositions has been tested nor are they supported by data. With enhanced staging using modalities like positron emission tomography and esophageal ultrasonography, treatment portals can be designed to encompass known disease with greater accuracy and confidence. Data for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer is now increasing and strongly suggest that eliminating elective nodal irradiation does not result in a high incidence of nodal relapse and does not compromise survival. Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy incorporates better targeting and beam directions to effect smaller treatment volumes that include only clinically evident disease. It provides treatment techniques that maximize tumor dose and minimize normal tissue toxicity. Using smaller fields that do not incorporate elective nodal regions may allow higher doses, and these may help improve local control and survival in a disease where current results are unacceptable.
The translesion DNA polymerase θ plays a dominant role in immunoglobulin gene somatic hypermutation

Immunoglobulin (Ig) somatic hypermutation (SHM) critically underlies the generation of high-affinity antibodies. Mutations can be introduced by error-prone polymerases such as polymerase ζ (Rev3), a mispair extender, and polymerase η, a mispair inserter with a preference for dA/dT, while repairing DNA lesions initiated by AID-mediated deamination of dC to yield dU:dG mismatches. The partial impairment of SHM observed in the absence of these polymerases led us to hypothesize a main role for another translesion DNA polymerase. Here, we show that deletion in C57BL/6J mice of the translesion polymerase θ, which possesses a dual nucleotide mispair inserter–extender function, results in greater than 60% decrease of mutations in antigen-selected V186.2DJH transcripts and greater than 80% decrease in mutations in the Ig H chain intronic JH4-iEμ sequence, together with significant alterations in the spectrum of the residual mutations. Thus, polymerase θ plays a dominant role in SHM, possibly by introducing mismatches while bypassing abasic sites generated by UDG-mediated deglycosylation of AID-effected dU, by extending DNA past such abasic sites and by synthesizing DNA during dU:dG mismatch repair.
Towards Remediating Undergraduate Students Statisticophobia

In this conceptual paper, based on teaching and TA experience, seven suggestions are made for improving the statistics experience of students in social science courses. These include hiring non-mathematicians to teach the course; emphasize conceptual statistics rather than computational approaches; recognize that many, or ever most, social science students think intuitivelyrather than scientificallyso teaching statistics as a means of answering questions is needed; loosen-up the mundane nature that statistics courses often follow; relate statistics to students day-to-day lives; and utilize an undergraduate student assistant in all sections of statistics classes.
A Transcriptional Activator, FleQ, Regulates Mucin Adhesion and Flagellar Gene Expression in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in a Cascade Manner

Previous work has demonstrated that fleR, the gene for a transcriptional activator belonging to the NtrC subfamily of response regulators, is involved in the regulation of mucin adhesion and flagellar expression by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This report describes the identification and characterization of fleQ, the gene for another transcriptional regulator which also regulates mucin adhesion and motility in this organism. The complete nucleotide sequence of the fleQ gene was determined on both DNA strands, and an open reading frame (ORF) consisting of 1,493 nucleotides was identified. This ORF coded for a gene product of predicted molecular weight, as confirmed by the overexpression of the fleQ gene as a fusion protein under an inducible promoter. The fleQ gene is flanked by a flagellar operon, fliDSorf126, at the 5' end and the fleSR operon on the 3' end. FleQ also had striking homology to a number of proteins belonging to the NtrC subfamily of response regulators, which work in concert with the alternate sigma factor RpoN (sigma54) to activate transcription. However, FleQ lacks the residues corresponding to Asp-54 and Lys-104 of the NtrC protein which are conserved in most of the members belonging to this subfamily of regulators. In addition, unlike some of the other transcriptional activators of this group, FleQ does not appear to have a cognate sensor kinase. A chromosomal insertional mutation in the fleQ gene abolished mucin adhesion and motility of P. aeruginosa PAK and PAK-NP. Both of these functions were regained by providing the complete fleQ gene on a multicopy plasmid. The location of fleQ immediately upstream of the fleSR operon, which is also necessary for the same process, suggested that these regulators may interact in some way. We therefore examined the regulation of the fleSR operon by fleQ and vice versa. Promoter fusion experiments showed that the fleSR operon was regulated by RpoN and FleQ. On the other hand, the fleQ promoter was independent of RpoN and FleR. FleQ, thus, adds another level of regulation to motility and adhesion in P. aeruginosa, above that of fleSR. We therefore propose the existence of a regulatory cascade which consists of at least two transcriptional regulators, FleQ and FleR, in the control of motility and adhesion in P. aeruginosa.
CA150, a Nuclear Protein Associated with the RNA Polymerase II Holoenzyme, Is Involved in Tat-Activated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transcription

Maximal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression requires specific cellular factors in addition to the virus-encoded trans-activator protein Tat and the RNA element TAR. We developed a functional assay, based on transcriptional activation in vitro, to identify these cellular factors. Here, we describe the purification and molecular cloning of CA150, a nuclear protein that is associated with the human RNA polymerase II holoenzyme and is involved in Tat-dependent HIV-1 transcriptional activation. The sequence of CA150 contains an extensive glutamine- and alanine-rich repeat that is found in transcriptional modulators such as GAL11 and SSN6 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zeste in Drosophila melanogaster. Immunodepletion of CA150 abolished Tat trans activation in vitro. Moreover, overexpression of a mutant CA150 protein specifically and dramatically decreased Tat-mediated activation of the HIV-1 promoter in vivo, strongly suggesting a role for CA150 in HIV-1 gene regulation. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that both CA150 and Tat associate with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. Furthermore, we found that functional Tat associates with the holoenzyme whereas activation-deficient Tat mutants do not. Thus, we propose that Tat action is transduced via an RNA polymerase II holoenzyme that contains CA150.
Central District Association News

(1949). Central District Association News. Journal of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 247-249.
The Negator Pump for I.V. Infusion

The negator pump is a mechanical device that, when used with the flexible plastic infusion bag, generates a constant infusion pressure equal to the hanging bottle. It requires no external power, batteries, keys, or other accessories.
Do somatic mutations in de novo MDS predict for response to treatment

A 68-year-old male with history of hypertension and arthritis presented with bruising and increasing fatigue over several months. He was found to be thrombocytopenic (platelets 30), WCB 2.0 K/mm(3), Hg 11.6 g/dL, ANC 870, and 1% circulating blasts. Bone marrow biopsy revealed 40%-50% cellular with multilineage dysplasia and 10% blasts. Cytogenetic genetic studies showed trisomy 2, and translocation (3;21). FISH studies for 5q, 7p, 8, 17p, and 20q abnormalities were negative. Molecular diagnostics were sent to a commercial laboratory to aid in prognostication. These studies showed mutations in TET2 (exons 1- 9 tested) and PHF6 (exons 1-9 tested). No abnormalities in other epigenetic regulators (DNMT3A, ASXL1), RNA splicing (SF3B1, SRSF2, URAF1, ZRSR2), transcription factors (RUNX1 or ETV6), or signaling (CBL, NRAS, KIT, JAK2, MPL) were detected. He was referred for consultation regarding initial treatment. In this elderly patient with preserved organ function and good performance status who is being considered for reduced intensity conditioned allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant, what should the initial treatment be and can we use the molecular diagnostic results to guide therapy?
Sparrow: A Smart Device for Fall Prevention

An interdisciplinary, inter-institutional team of engineers, professors and physicians have demonstrated Sparrow, a simple to use tool to provide nurses the information they need to lower the fall rate among the elderly. Sparrow fuses multiple sensors, a microprocessor, and internet technologies into a wheel chair accessory that communicates with any Android mobile device that has downloaded the Sparrow mobile App. The mobile Android device carried by a caregiver is sent continuous information about a wheelchair occupant's position, movement and posture. This information, combined with the experiences and observations of the caregiver, provide medical professionals or family members the opportunity to prevent a fall by returning in a timely manner to help the patient or loved one, who may soon attempt an unobserved and unattended egress from the chair.
Underwater Archaeology of a WWII Battlefield

This chapter discusses recent archaeological research and public outreach and interpretation undertaken on Saipan’s submerged and coastal WWII-related cultural heritage. A number of initiatives including a maritime heritage trail, in situ conservation surveys, an interpretive film, training, and a preservation plan were completed as a result of this project. All the while, an examination of the ethics and professional issues that underlie researching and interpreting modern conflict sites is considered and evaluated.
The Effects of Pressure-induced Cardiac Hypertrophy on the Functional Capacity of the Coronary Circulation

Pressure-induced cardiac hypertrophy has many effects on the functional capacity of the coronary circulation. Many studies have been performed in both animal and humans and the major findings are as follows: 1. Most types of myocardial hypertrophy are associated with the decrement in coronary vasodilator reserve; 2. The magnitude of the decrement in coronary reserve in myocardial hypertrophy is usually much more prominent in patients with myocardial hypertrophy than in animal models; 3. Left ventricular hypertrophy secondary to systemic hypertension is associated with altered autoregulation of myocardial perfusion; 4. The perfusion abnormalities associated with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy are affected by various factors such as age of onset, ventricular involvement, and the stimulus for hypertrophy; 5. Left ventricular hypertrophy secondary to renal hypertension markedly augments the adverse effects of coronary occlusion. In this setting, coronary occlusion is associated with a three-fold increase in the incidence of lethal ventricular arrhythmias and a 35% increase in infarct size. Thus, pressure-induced hypertrophy profoundly alters the coronary circulation.
Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature of the Polypores

Together with A. A. Bondarzew, the writer has tried to work out a more natural classification of the Polyporaceae which was to be published in 1941 (Sovietskaya Botanika, June 1941; however, copies of this and other recent issues of this periodical were not available in Cambridge). The essential part of this system of classification has been published in Annales Mycologici 39: 43-65, 1941, shortly before the war started. Under these circumstances, few mycologists in this Hemisphere have been able to compare our scheme with older classifications. Incidentally, in this country, a parallel effort-though dealing mostly with questions of nomenclature-has been made by Wm. Bridge Cooke (A nomenclatorial survey of the genera of pore fungi, Lloydia 3: 81-104, June 1940). Also D. P. Rogers published some important observations on the Corticiineae as well as an essay on the nomenclatorial status of S. F. Gray in mycology (Rogers, Donald P., Relative dates of S. F. Gray's Natural Arrangement and Fries' Systema, Mycologia 33: 568-570, 1941), showing that Gray's book is to be considered post-Friesian. Both papers are bound to influence the nomenclature used in our own publications, but appeared too late to come to our attention in time. It seems, therefore, advisable to give a short extract of our classification in which certain corrections have been made as far as they have become necessary on the base of the data published by Cooke and Rogers. A short Latin description will be added to the name of each genus proposed, as far as it is new; for the rest of the genera, the type species only is indicated. The numbers in parentheses after a generic name refer to notes concerning this particular genus, given under the headline "Diagnoses and Observations." The classification is based on the following subfamilies and
Intracranial Hemorrhage Risk in the Era of Antithrombotic Therapies for Ischemic Stroke

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is the most feared complication of antithrombotic medication use for the treatment and prevention of ischemic stroke. The risk of ICH while on blood thinners varies not only among different types of antithrombotics but also for the same agent used in different patient populations. Individual patients have different susceptibilities to ICH mostly due to the presence or absence of bleeding-prone cerebral pathologies such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy or hypertensive small vessel disease. The recent development and FDA approval of novel anticoagulants may lead to increased safety when compared to previously used medications, and the emergence of nonpharmacologic approaches may obviate the need for long-term anticoagulant strategies in certain clinical situations, such as left atrial appendage closure for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. As such, blanket recommendations for antithrombotic choice cannot be justified. Good practices in vascular neurology dictate combining all available data in order to choose the treatment that has the best risk-benefit ratio for each individual patient.
Strong plastic deformation and softening of fast colliding nanoparticles.

Nanoparticles, with sizes ranging between 1 and $\ensuremath{\sim}$${10}^{2}$ nm, show dynamical properties distinctly different than those of bulk materials. Due to their large surface area to volume ratio, their properties often depend on length scales. We investigate the size and the collision velocity (${v}_{\text{coll}}$) dependence of the coefficient of restitution (COR) for nanoparticles made of a face-centered cubic lattice of Lennard-Jones atoms via nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. A sharp crossover between elastic collision and plastic collision occurs when ${v}_{\text{coll}}={v}_{Y}$, where ${v}_{Y}$ is the size-dependent yield velocity. For high-collision velocities the COR $\ensuremath{\sim}{v}_{\text{coll}}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}}$, $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\sim}1$. This result is in agreement with recent small system simulations and with experiments and is distinct from the elasticity-theory-based result for COR for inelastic collisions which behaves as ${v}_{\text{coll}}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}}$, with $\ensuremath{\alpha}=\frac{1}{4}$. We find that the size-dependent critical ${v}_{Y}$ approaches the theoretical constant value for macroscopic spheres as our particle sizes grow. Possible insights into the origins of $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\sim}1$ and the size dependence of the yield velocity are suggested. The work also suggests that sufficiently fast moving nanoparticles traveling through vacuum could be sticky and hence could be of potential interest in many applications.
Caution in interpretation of the tumor marker CA 19.9 in patients with obstructive jaundice: illustrative case reports.

Background Carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19.9 is a Lewis blood group oligosaccharide antigen which exists in fixed and soluble forms. The CA 19.9 antigen is synthesized by epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreatic duct, and biliary tree. The CA 19.9 antigen is commonly used as a tumor marker for malignancies of the pancreas and biliary tract. High levels (> 300 U/ml) of antigen have strongly suggested malignant processes. Methods Four patients are described with markedly elevated levels of CA 19.9 due to benign calculous disease. Results Three of four patients underwent endoscopic stone removal followed by cholecystectomy; the fourth patient spontaneously passed stones and had a subsequent cholecystectomy with benign inflammatory pathology. Removal or passage of the obstructing stones produced normalization of the CA 19.9 in each case even with long-term follow-up up to one year. All pathology specimens were interpreted as benign. Conclusions Marked elevations of CA 19.9 may be found in benign obstructive disease and should be interpreted with caution until biliary obstruction is relieved.
Genetic effects analysis of male sterile cytoplasm and nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions in CMS-FA hybrid rice

Using 4 CMS-FA sterile lines(A line) and the corresponding maintainer line(B line) as female parents,and 3 corresponding restorer lines(R line) as male parents,12 gemination hybrids of A lines×R lines(AF1) and B line×R lines(BF1) were made to analyze the genetic effects of male sterile cytoplasms and nucleo-cytoplasmic on yield-related traits of CMS-FA hybrid rice by using the difference(AF1-BF1)/BF1×100% and additive-dominant×cytoplasmic modle.The results showed significant positive effects on 1000-grain-weight(TGW) and growth duration(GD) and significant negative effects on panicle neck length(PNL) were observed.The cytoplasmic effects on other eight traits were insignificant.Significant interaction effects of nucleus and cytoplasm were observed on panicle number per plant,TGW,total grain number per plant,seed-set percent,plant height(PH),panicle length(PL),PNL,and GD.Because of the interaction effects,the prediction of F1 genotype value,their population mean heterosis and population better-parent heterosis were increased in PH and PNL.Male sterile cytoplasm of CMS-FA hybrid rice was no adverse cytoplasmic effect,its sterile lines were well resumed,as an excellent cytoplasmic it can be used for breeding of hybrid rice.
Effects of hypothetical developmental barriers and abrupt environmental changes on adaptive walks in a computer-generated domain for early vascular land plants

Computer-generated searches through hypothetical fitness landscapes for progressively more fit variants were used to assess the effects of developmental barriers (mimicked by barring specific types of morphological transformations) and abruptly shifting environmental conditions (mimicked by sudden shifts in how fitness was defined) on the number and accessibility of optimal phenotypes. Relative fitness was defined in terms of maximizing light interception, mechanical stability, or reproductive success, or minimizing surface area, or optimizing the performance of various combinations of these tasks. Developmentally obstructed and unobstructed walks located, on average, equivalent numbers of phenotypic optima. The number of optima identified by both kinds of walks increased in proportion to the number of simultaneously performed tasks used to measure fitness. Walks passing from more complex to less complex fitness landscapes located more optima than walks passing through unchanging, stable landscapes. The model thus suggests that there are no a priori reasons to assume that (1) the morphological options available to adaptive evolution become more restrictive as biological complexity increases, (2) "developmental barriers" necessarily restrain a lineage from evolving well-adapted morphologies, and (3) generalist organ- isms are less successful than specialists. Also, because the number and accessibility of fitness peaks were proportional to the complexity of fitness landscapes, the model predicts that the probability of cladogenesis will increase as landscape complexity increases, while anagenesis will be encour- aged when fitness is defined in terms of performing one or a few tasks simultaneously.
Development of an In Vitro mRNA Decay System in Insect Cells

Cytoplasmic extracts have proven to be a versatile system for assaying the mechanisms and interactions of RNA metabolism. Using Aedes albopictus (C6/36) cells adapted to suspension culture, we have been able to faithfully reproduce and manipulate all aspects of mRNA decay in vitro. Described in this chapter are the processes for both producing an active cytoplasmic extract and the subsequent applications of the extract with respect to mRNA decay. The following protocol for the production of cytoplasmic extracts from C6/36 cells can be altered to encompass a wide variety of cell types, including mammalian cell lines. In addition, a method for designing and implementing an in vitro transcription template to produce specific products are described in detail. Applications of the in vitro transcripts, specifically the deadenylation and exosome assays by which the decay of reporter transcripts is observed, are also examined in detail.
Stochastic Conceptual Cost Estimating of Highway Projects to Communicate Uncertainty Using Bootstrap Sampling

AbstractConceptual cost estimating is typically completed early in the project lifecycle when little design work has been completed. Because little information is known at this early stage, the estimate usually deviates substantially from the actual construction cost. When expressed as a deterministic value, an estimate often leads to a false inference of accuracy by those not familiar with the vagaries of conceptual cost estimating, making it difficult for an agency to explain cost growth. A stochastic conceptual estimate allows an agency to produce a probability distribution of the likely construction costs and address the level of confidence in a given estimate. Named probability distributions are readily available for developing a stochastic estimate in a great deal of commercial software. However, instead of fitting available distributions, this research generates an empirical distribution to express a cost estimate range. Creating empirical distributions eliminates assumptions required for selecting...
Donor-derived myeloid neoplasm post allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

![Figure][1] A 32-year-old man was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (panel A; original magnification ×100, Wright-Giemsa stain). Initial cytogenetics showed 46,XY,t(5;14)(q31;q32). He achieved remission with induction and then underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell
A case of bad Carma

![Figure][1] A 13-year-old girl was referred for adenopathy. At 6 years of age, she developed recurrent otitis media; at 11 years of age, she developed cervical adenopathy. Computed tomography imaging documented splenic hilar adenopathy and splenomegaly (15.7 cm). Immunoglobulins were normal
Treatment of cystic astrocytomas with intracavitary phosphorus 32.

Cyst formation by astrocytomas can cause progressive neurological deficit and can necessitate multiple surgical procedures. Before the advent of computed tomography (CT) preoperative diagnosis of cystic astrocytomas was difficult and stereotactic management of these lesions was limited. CT-guided stereotaxy provides a safe approach to all cystic astrocytomas including brain stem lesions. Based upon the experience of intracravitary radiation of craniopharyngioma cysts, the authors treated nine patients presenting with cystic astrocytomas utilizing colloidal chromium phosphorus 32 (32P). Control of cyst formation was achieved in eight patients. Our preliminary data suggest that intracavitary 32P may provide a significant adjunctive therapy in the management of cystic astrocytomas.
c-Met/HGF pathway in breast cancer cells and inhibition with specific small molecule inhibitor, SU11274

5205 The c-Met receptor tyrosione kinase is expressed in a number of solid tumors, and can be activated by its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Activation of c-Met leads to increased proliferation, cell motility, angiogenesis, and tubular morphogenesis. In this study, we have determined the expression, function, and inhibition of c-Met/HGF pathway in breast cancer cells. Of eight breast cancer cell lines tested by immunoblotting, only MDA-MB-435 showed abundant c-Met. MDA-MB- 231, MDA-MB-468 and HCC-1937showed moderate expression, SKBR3 showed low expression, and, HCC-1428, MCF-7 and BT-483 showed no expression. Stimulation of c-Met in MDA-MB-435 S cells by HGF results in c-Met autophosphorylation on Y1230/Y1234/Y1235 and Cbl-binding Y1003 sites, AKT phosphorylation on S473, and ERK1/2(pT185/pY187) phosphorylation in a time (40 ng/ml of HGF for 0-60 min) and dose (0-200 ng/ml of HGF for 15 min) dependent manner. We further investigated the effect of a small molecule inhibitor SU11274 against the ER negative metastatic MDA-MB- 435 S cell line. In viability assays, SU11274 inhibited the proliferative signal of c-Met/HGF axis in breast cancer cell lines. Treatment of MDA-MB-435 S cells with SU11274 was found to inhibit cell growth in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50
Political Elites in South Asia

This chapter highlights the “intimate” character of political elites in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. Relations among political, civil service, business, media, professional, religious, and other powerful groups are examined, and their consequences for the stability or instability of political regimes are analyzed. Reflecting India’s size, diversity, and importance, its national, provincial, and local political elites receive detailed attention.
In stable CVD, rivaroxaban plus aspirin reduced CV events and increased bleeding compared with aspirin alone

Source Citation Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Bosch J, et al. Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in stable cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2017. [Epub ahead of print]. 28844192
Evaluation of the Anisotropy of Asphalt Mixtures

AbstractA proper understanding of the anisotropic behavior of asphalt mixtures is required for an accurate multiaxial characterization of asphalt mixtures under different loading conditions. Asphal...
Universal Design for Instruction and Learning: A Pilot Study of Faculty Instructional Methods and Attitudes Related to Students with Disabilities in Higher Education.

Universal design in the education setting is a framework of instruction that aims to be inclusive of different learners to reduce barriers for all students, including those with disabilities. We used the principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL focuses on the learner) and Universal Design for Instruction (UDI focuses on instruction) as the basis for this study. The purposes of this study were to determine if faculty were incorporating UDI/UDL into their instruction, and their attitudes toward students with disabilities, as these could be barriers to learning. The study revealed that some faculty were incorporating principles of UDI/UDL into their instruction, the variety of methods used varied, and faculty attitudes still create barriers to an equitable educational environment for students with disabilities. More education and training is needed in working with students with disabilities and adapting teaching methods for these students using UDI/UDL.
Sialoglycoproteins of the frog rod outer segment plasma membrane

Photoreceptors can segregate inner segment proteins from outer segment proteins. It is uncertain whether such a sorting process occurs during disc morphogenesis in rods, thereby resulting in an outer segment plasma membrane which differs compositionally from the discs. In this study, the plasma membranes of intact, purified frog rod outer segments (ROS) have been labeled with a peanut lectin (PNA), either with or without prior neuraminidase treatment of the ROS. Neuraminidase removes terminal sialic acid residues from membrane-bound sialoglycoconjugates. PNA was demonstrated to bind to the plasma membrane of ROS only after neuraminidase treatment, as detected by fluorescence light microscopy and electron microscopy. In order to identify the sialoglycoproteins responsible for this labeling, ROS proteins were resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose paper for incubation with PNA. A single, prominent band at 125 Kd bound PNA after neuraminidase treatment of ROS. This band represents a protein which is an integral component of the ROS plasma membrane and is not associated with the interphotoreceptor matrix or other potential contaminants. Selective degradation of ROS prior to neuraminidase treatment indicates that this sialoglycoprotein is absent from discs and, thus, can serve as a marker specific for ROS plasma membrane during fractionation studies.
An Introduction To Parallel Machine Tools And Related CAPP Issues

Abstract Parallel machines represent a new generation of machine tool. Through reducing the number of setups both the efficiency and the accuracy of the machining process is increased within the part domain. While Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMSs) and Machining Cells (MCs) are said to be agile, the parallel machine is the first stand-alone machine which can claim to have this property. This makes them ideally suited for machining small batch sizes and for rapid prototyping. Unfortunately like FMSs and MCs these machines will be largely underutilized if agile data generation, processing and transfer mechanisms are not incorporated into CAD/CAM systems. One major hurdle to achieving this objective is the development of an automatic process planning system for parallel machines. This presents new challenges beyond those encountered in process planning for sequential machining. In this paper we discuss two aspects of parallel machines which impact on process planning. These are (1) the part domain for parallel machines and (2) the machine configuration.
Safety and tolerability of the bolus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based FLOX and IFL regimens in patients who developed fluoropyrimidine-induced coronary vasospasm during therapy with infusional 5-FU or capecitabine.

e15513Background: Coronary vasospasm associated with 5-FU based chemotherapy regimens is well described in the literature and has been reported to occur more often with infusional 5-FU or capecitab...
Unraveling the isomeric heterogeneity of glycans: ion mobility separations in structures for lossless ion manipulations

To address the challenges associated with glycan analyses, we have implemented a structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) serpentine ultra-long path with extended routing (SUPER) ion mobility-mass spectrometry (i.e. SLIM SUPER IM-MS) platform to achieve much higher resolution of isomeric glycoforms. We have demonstrated the potential of this platform as a future component of the glycomics toolbox.
Lifestyle Patterns and Survival Following Breast Cancer in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study.

Background Few studies have examined the impact of lifestyle patterns on survival following breast cancer. We aimed to identify distinct lifestyle patterns based on five behavior/dietary exposures among a population-based sample of women diagnosed with breast cancer and to examine their association with subsequent survival. Methods In the Carolina Breast Cancer Study Phases I/II, we interviewed 1,808 women 20-74 years of age following diagnosis of invasive breast cancer. We determined vital status using the National Death Index (717 deaths, 427 from breast cancer; median follow-up 13.56 years). We assessed lifestyle patterns using a latent class analysis based on five behavioral and dietary exposures: current versus never/former smokers; low versus high vegetable and fruit intake; high and low/moderate, versus no alcohol consumption; and no and low/moderate, versus high regular physical activity. We used Cox regression to estimate covariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause mortality, and cause-specific and subdistribution HRs for breast cancer-specific mortality within 5 years and 13 years postdiagnosis conditional on 5-year survival. Results We identified three distinct lifestyle patterns: healthy behavior and diet (n = 916); healthy behavior and unhealthy diet (n = 624); and unhealthy behavior and diet (n = 268). The unhealthy (vs. healthy) behavior and diet pattern was associated with a 13-year conditional all-cause mortality HR of 1.4 (95% CI = 1.1, 1.9) and with 13-year conditional breast cancer-specific and subdistribution HRs of 1.2 (95% CI = 0.79, 1.9) and 1.2 (95% CI = 0.77, 1.8), respectively. Conclusions Behavioral and dietary patterns can be used to identify lifestyle patterns that influence survival patterns following breast cancer diagnosis.
Characterization of spatial and temporal development of Type I and Type II hair cells in the mouse utricle using new cell-type-specific markers

ABSTRACT The utricle of the inner ear, a vestibular sensory structure that mediates perception of linear acceleration, is comprised of two morphologically and physiologically distinct types of mechanosensory hair cells, referred to as Type Is and Type IIs. While these cell types are easily discriminated in an adult utricle, understanding their development has been hampered by a lack of molecular markers that can be used to identify each cell type prior to maturity. Therefore, we collected single hair cells at three different ages and used single cell RNAseq to characterize the transcriptomes of those cells. Analysis of differential gene expression identified Spp1 as a specific marker for Type I hair cells and Mapt and Anxa4 as specific markers for Type II hair cells. Antibody labeling confirmed the specificity of these markers which were then used to examine the temporal and spatial development of utricular hair cells. While Type I hair cells develop in a gradient that extends across the utricle from posterior-medial to anterior-lateral, Type II hair cells initially develop in the central striolar region and then extend uniformly towards the periphery. Finally, by combining these markers with genetic fate mapping, we demonstrate that over 98% of all Type I hair cells develop prior to birth while over 98% of Type II hair cells develop post-natally. These results are consistent with previous findings suggesting that Type I hair cells develop first and refute the hypothesis that Type II hair cells represent a transitional form between immature and Type I hair cells.
P-009 Twisting: an intraprocedural challenge with pipeline deployment, increased with the second-generation, flex device

Introduction Pipeline Embolization Device ‘twisting’ manifests with appearance of a ‘figure 8’ in perpendicular planes on DSA. We noticed increased frequency of twisting with the second-generation, PED-Flex device. Methods Case images were reviewed for instances of twisting from a prospectively-maintained, IRB-approved database of patients undergoing flow diversion for cerebral aneurysm. Results From 08/2011–02/2015, 367 PED-Classic were used in 276 cases in 239 patients. Five twists were observed in four patients (1.4%, 5/367). From 02/2015–01/2018, 628 PED-Flex were used in 510 procedures in 427 patients and 19 twists were observed in 16 patients (3.0%, 19/628) (p=0.10). Twisting is common in large, non-saccular aneurysms located along the carotid artery. In twisting cases across both device generations, the average aneurysm size was 18 mm (range 4–50 mm), morphology was fusiform or dissecting in 30% of cases, and aneurysm location was 16 ICA, 2 ACA, and 2 basilar. Larger diameter and longer devices showed a predisposition to twisting. Of the 24 twisted devices, 29.0% were 5.0 mm diameter and only 20% were less than 4.5 mm. The average length of a twisted device was 27.5 mm (range 14–35 mm). Of the four cases with PED-Classic twists, two were remediated successfully, one was removed and a second device placed without twisting, and one case was aborted after successive twisted devices were removed. Of the 19 PED-Flex twists, 13 were remediated and six were removed. Procedural success was achieved in 15/16 PED-Flex twisting cases and one procedure was aborted. Remediation maneuvers differed by device generation but included exchanging a neutral catheter, resheathing, wagging, and balloon angioplasty. Overall, two major complications (10%) were observed: one patient with giant fusiform ACA aneurysm in which PED-Classic twist was remediated experienced delayed SAH and died; one patient with mid-basilar aneurysm in which PED-Flex twist was remediated experienced perforator stroke (mRS 4) potentially related to incomplete device apposition. Occlusion outcomes for twisted devices were inferior to the overall PED population. With PED-Classic, 0/3 patients with successful PED implantation after twisting showed complete aneurysm occlusion and 2/3 were ultimately re-treated. For PED-Flex, follow-up DSA was available for 62.5% (10/16); complete occlusion was observed in 50% (4/8) at 12 months and 50% (5/10) at last follow-up. Conclusion Twisting is a rare intra-procedural event, more common with PED-Flex (3.0%) than the PED-Classic (1.4%). Although remediable, a twist can lead to major complications and diminishes occlusion outcomes. Disclosures R. Young: None. M. Bender: None. J. Campos: None. B. Jiang: None. D. Zarrin: None. C. Vo: None. J. Caplan: None. J. Huang: 6; C; Longeviti. R. Tamargo: None. L. Lin: 2; C; Medtronic. G. Colby: 1; C; Medtronic, Stryker Neurovascular. 2; C; MicroVention, Codman. A. Coon: 1; C; Stryker Neurovascular. 2; C; InNeuroCo, Stryker Neurovascular, Medtronic Neurovascular.