cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Purification and Characterization of a Human Factor That Assembles and Remodels Chromatin

We have previously reported the isolation and characterization of a nucleosome remodeling and spacing factor, RSF. One of the RSF subunits is hSNF2h, a SNF2 homologue. Here we set out to isolate and characterize other hSNF2h-containing complexes. We have identified a novel hSNF2h complex that facilitates ATP-dependent chromatin assembly with the histone chaperone NAP-1. The complex possesses ATPase activity that is DNA-dependent and nucleosome-stimulated. This complex is capable of facilitating ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling and transcription initiation from chromatin templates. In addition to hSNF2h, this complex also contains a 190-kDa protein encoded by the BAZ1A gene. Since both subunits are homologues of the Drosophila ACF complex (ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor), we have named this factor human ACF or hACF.
Structure learning on large scale common sense statistical models of human state

Research has shown promise in the design of large scale common sense probabilistic models to infer human state from environmental sensor data. These models have made use of mined and preexisting common sense data and traditional probabilistic machine learning techniques to improve recognition of the state of everyday human life. In this paper, we demonstrate effective techniques for structure learning on graphical models designed for this domain, improving the SRCS system of (Pentney et al. 2006) by learning additional dependencies between variables. Because the models used for common sense reasoning typically involve a large number of variables, issues of scale arise in searching for additional dependencies; we discuss how we use data mining techniques to address this problem. We show experimentally that these techniques improve the accuracy of state prediction, and that, with a good prior model, the use of a common sense model with structure learning provides better prediction of unlabeled variables as well as labeled variables. The results also demonstrate that it is possible to collect new common sense information about daily life using such a statistical model and labeled data.
Towards the clinical application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for rapid pathogen diagnosis: the effect of mixed cultures and sample dilution on bacterial identification

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy has been utilized to classify and identify bacterial specimens on the basis of their atomic composition. We have characterized the effect that the presence of a second bacterial species in the ablated specimen had on the identification of the majority species. Specimens with a reduced number of bacterial cells (approximately 2500) were identified with 100% accuracy when compared to undiluted specimens. In addition, a linear dependence of the total spectral power as a function of cell number was determined. Lastly, a high selectivity was obtained for a LIBS-based analysis of nine separate bacterial strains from four genera.
Aspirin and Other NSAIDs as Chemoprevention Agents in Melanoma

Melanoma incidence is increasing and, despite recent therapeutic advances, the prognosis for patients with metastatic disease remains poor. Thus, early detection and chemoprevention are promising strategies for improving patient outcomes. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) have demonstrated chemoprotective activity in several other cancers, and have been proposed as chemopreventive agents for melanoma. Throughout the last decade, however, a number of case-control, prospective, and interventional studies of NSAIDs and melanoma risk have yielded conflicting results. These inconsistent findings have led to uncertainty about the clinical utility of NSAIDs for melanoma chemoprevention. This mini-review highlights current knowledge of NSAID mechanisms of action and rationale for use in melanoma, provides a comparative review of outcomes and limitations of prior studies, and discusses the future challenges in demonstrating that these drugs are effective agents for mitigating melanoma risk.
IL-10-induced TNF-alpha mRNA destabilization is mediated via IL-10 suppression of p38 MAP kinase activation and inhibition of HuR expression

Inflammation plays an essential role in vascular injury and repair. Mononuclear phagocytes are important contributors in these processes, in part, via adhesive interactions and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. The antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 suppresses such responses via deactivation of monocytes/macrophages and repression of inflammatory cytokine expression. The mechanisms of IL-10's suppressive action are, however, incompletely characterized. Here, we report that systemic IL-10 treatment after carotid artery denudation in mice blunts inflammatory cell infiltration and arterial tumor necrosis factor (TNF) expression. At the molecular level, in a human monocytic cell line, U937 IL-10 suppressed LPS-induced mRNA expression of a number of inflammatory cytokines, mainly via posttranscriptional mRNA destabilization. Detailed studies on IL-10 regulation of TNF-alpha mRNA expression identified AU-rich elements (ARE) in the 3' untranslated region as a necessary determinant of IL-10-mediated TNF-alpha mRNA destabilization. IL-10 sensitivity to TNF depends on the ability of IL-10 to inhibit the expression and mRNA-stabilizing protein HuR and via IL-10 mediated repression of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation. Because IL-10 function and signaling are important components for control of inflammatory responses, these results may provide insights necessary to develop strategies for modulating vascular repair and other accelerated arteriopathies, including transplant vasculopathy and vein graft hyperplasia.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein-C Knockout Mice

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is an inherited autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in sarcomeric proteins. Among these, mutations that affect myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C), an abundant component of the thick filaments, account for 20% to 30% of all mutations linked to FHC. However, the mechanisms by which MyBP-C mutations cause disease and the function of MyBP-C are not well understood. Therefore, to assess deficits due to elimination of MyBP-C, we used gene targeting to produce a knockout mouse that lacks MyBP-C in the heart. Knockout mice were produced by deletion of exons 3 to 10 from the endogenous cardiac (c) MyBP-C gene in murine embryonic stem (ES) cells and subsequent breeding of chimeric founder mice to obtain mice heterozygous (+/-) and homozygous (-/-) for the knockout allele. Wild-type (+/+), cMyBP-C(+/-), and cMyBP-C(-/-) mice were born in accordance with Mendelian inheritance ratios, survived into adulthood, and were fertile. Western blot analyses confirmed that cMyBP-C was absent in hearts of homozygous knockout mice. Whereas cMyBP-C(+/-) mice were indistinguishable from wild-type littermates, cMyBP-C(-/-) mice exhibited significant cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac function, assessed using 2-dimensionally guided M-mode echocardiography, showed significantly depressed indices of diastolic and systolic function only in cMyBP-C(-/-) mice. Ca2+ sensitivity of tension, measured in single skinned myocytes, was reduced in cMyBP-C(-/-) but not cMyBP-C(+/-) mice. These results establish that cMyBP-C is not essential for cardiac development but that the absence of cMyBP-C results in profound cardiac hypertrophy and impaired contractile function.
Regional Differences in Cerebral Edema After Traumatic Brain Injury Identified by Impedance Analysis

Objective Cerebral edema is a common and potentially devastating sequel of traumatic brain injury. We developed and validated a system capable of tissue impedance analysis, which was found to correlate with cerebral edema. Methods Constant sinusoidal current (50 μA), at frequencies from 500 to 5000 Hz, was applied across a bipolar electrode unit superficially placed in a rat brain after traumatic brain injury. Rats were randomized to three groups: severe controlled cortical injury (CCI), mild CCI, or sham injury. At 60 h post-CCI, cerebral voltage and phase angle were measured at each frequency at the site of injury, at the penumbral region, at the ipsilateral frontal region, and in the contralateral hemisphere. Impedance measurements were also obtained in vivo . The electrical properties of varied injuries and specified locations were compared using a repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA), were correlated with regional tissue water percentage using regression analyses, and were combined to generate polar coordinates. Results The measured voltage was significantly different at the site of injury ( P P = 0.002), and in the contralateral hemisphere ( P = 0.005) when severe, mild, and sham CCI rats were compared. Severely injured rats had statistically different voltage measurements when the various sites were compared ( P = 0.002). The ex vivo measurements correlated with in vivo measurements. Further, the impedance measurements correlated with measured tissue water percentage at the site of injury (R 2 = 0.69; P Conclusions Electrical measurements and tissue water percentages quantified regional and severity differences in rat brain edema after CCI. Impedance was inversely proportional to the tissue water percentage. Thus, impedance measurement can be used to quantify severity of cerebral edema in real time at specific sites.
Comparison of the Effects of Synthetic and Natural Zeolite on Laying Hen and Broiler Chicken Performance

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of zeolites on laying hens (Experiments 1 and 2) and broiler chickens (Experiment 3). Each experiment used corn and soybean meal-based practical diets. Experiment 1 was a 90-day trial and used 200 40-wk-old laying hens. The basal diet contained 2.75% calcium and .7% total phosphorus. The dietary treatments were the basal diet and the basal diet plus 1.5% synthetic zeolite (SZ; Ethacal®). Experiment 2 was a 56-day trial and used 360 36-wk-old laying hens. The dietary treatments were .12, .22, .32, and .42% nonphytin phosphorus with and without 1.0% SZ and 1.0% natural zeolite (NZ; Zar-Min®). All diets contained 3.5% calcium. Experiment 3 utilized 240 broiler cockerels from 1 to 16 days. The dietary treatments were two calcium levels (.65 and 1.0%) with and without 1.0% supplementary SZ and NZ. In Experiment 1, egg specific gravity was significantly increased with SZ supplementation. Egg weight and egg production were unaffected. Phytin phosphorus retention and plasma dialyzable phosphorus were significantly reduced by SZ. In Experiment 2, egg specific gravity was not affected by SZ or NZ. Egg weight, egg production, plasma dialyzable phosphorus, and the retention of phosphorus and phytin phosphorus were significantly reduced by SZ with the effect on egg weight and egg production being the most severe at the lower levels of dietary nonphytin phosphorus. Natural zeolite had no effect on egg weight, egg production, plasma calcium, plasma phosphorus, or on the retention of calcium, phosphorus, and phytin phosphorus. In Experiment 3, weight gain and percentage tibia bone ash were significantly reduced by SZ. The SZ had no effect on the incidence and severity of tibial dyschondroplasia. Weight gain, feed efficiency, and the incidence and severity of tibial dyschondroplasia were significantly reduced and the percentage bone ash significantly increased by 1.0% calcium. Natural zeolite significantly improved feed efficiency and had no effect on any other parameter measured.
Tor Kinases Are in Distinct Membrane-associated Protein Complexes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Tor1p and Tor2p kinases, targets of the immune-suppressive antibiotic rapamycin, are components of a highly conserved signaling network that couples nutrient availability and cell growth. To gain insight into the molecular basis underlying Tor-dependent signaling, we used cell fractionation and immunoaffinity chromatography to examine the physical environment of Tor2p. We found that the majority of Tor2p associates with a membrane-bound compartment along with at least four other proteins, Avo1p-Avo3p and Lst8p. Using immunogold electron microscopy, we observed that Tor2p, as well as Tor1p, localizes in punctate clusters to regions adjacent to the plasma membrane and within the cell interior, often in association with characteristic membranous tracks. Cell fractionation, coimmunoprecipitation, and immunogold electron microscopy experiments confirmed that Lst8 associates with both Tor2p as well as Tor1p at these membranous sites. In contrast, we find that Kog1, the yeast homologue of the mammalian Tor regulatory protein Raptor, interacts preferentially with Tor1p. These findings provide evidence for the existence of Tor signaling complexes that contain distinct as well as overlapping components. That these complexes colocalize to a membrane-bound compartment suggests an intimate relationship between membrane-mediated signaling and Tor activity.
Super-Resolution via Image Warping

This chapter focuses on three issues: supporting image warping algorithms for super-resolution, examples of how image warping algorithms impact super-resolution image quality, and the development of quantitative techniques for super-resolution algorithm evaluation.
Efficient Batch LU and QR Decomposition on GPU

Accelerating applications with Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) is stimulating ongoing interest in diverse fields within science and engineering. The Compute Unified Data Architecture (CUDA) paradigm introduced by Nvidia in 2007 is arguably the most significant driver in the uptake of GPUs for general purpose computation. However, a large array of entry points to GPU acceleration also exists in the form of libraries, explicit applications, as well as compiler directives. An important computational task for many applications is matrix decomposition; this chapter presents new CUDA implementations of key algorithms, specifically LU and QR matrix decomposition for batches of small, dense matrices.
Antología del pensamiento feminista español

La excelente Antologia del pensamiento feminista espanol refleja claramente los conocimientos y los anos que las editoras, Roberta Johnson y Maite Zubiaurre, han pasado en las trincheras del femini...
VALIDITY OF PRAIRIE GROUSE HARVEST-AGE RATIOS AS PRODUCTION INDICES

The ratio of juveniles to adults in the fall harvest is a common index of production for Galliformes. The percentage of juvenile birds in the harvest has been shown to decline as the hunting season progressed for many galliforms, resulting in a biased index of production. Therefore, we used wing samples of plains sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus jamesi) and greater prairie-chickens (T. cupido pinnatus) from 4 public land areas in the Nebraska Sandhills, Nebraska, USA, to assess the potential for bias in harvest-age ratios across time. We hypothesized that the ratio of juveniles to adults in the harvest could change over time if susceptibility to harvest and/or fall survival were different between the juvenile and adult prairie grouse (Tympanuchus spp.) in the Nebraska populations. We found no change in the harvest-age ratio over time in either the sharp-tailed grouse or greater prairie-chicken data. Our findings were consistent with the published literature on harvest-age rates for sharp-tailed grouse but inconsistent with the greater prairie-chicken literature. Therefore, we maintain that analysis of the harvest data for bias due to a changing harvest-age ratio as the hunting season progresses is an essential adjunct to subsequent analysis or comparisons of production indices based on harvest-age ratios. In addition, limitations of harvest-age ratios must be known and care must be taken to minimize other potential biases before using harvest-age ratios as an index to production.
Silicon Nitride Fibers Using Micro Fabrication Methods

Amorphous LPCVD and PECVD Si3N4 films have been patterned into fibers of various shapes using integrated circuit methods. A tensile test apparatus was developed which allows a simultaneous testing of up to 20 fibers. The average tensile strength of LPCVD Si3N4 fibers with a 30 μm gauge section was 7.0 ± 0.4 GPa. The corresponding value for PECVD Si3N4 was 2.4 ± 0.2 GPa. The following properties of the materials were measured: atomic composition (RBS, FRES), density, refractive index, internal stress, elastic modulus and micro hardness. A Weibull analysis of the tensile strength values was performed.
DEPENDENCE OF AMINONUCLEOSIDE-INHIBITION OF KIDNEY MITOCHONDRIAL ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE ON ACTIVATION AND STRUCTURAL STATE OF MITOCHONDRIA.

Summary1. In vitro effects of aminonucleoside on ATPase activity of normal rat kidney mitochondria, assayed in the presence and in the absence of a wide variety of activating agents, have been studied. 2. Results clearly indicate dependence of aminonucleoside inhibition of rat kidney mitochondrial ATPase on activation and structural state of the mitochondria. 3. ATPase activity of freshly prepared normal rat kidney mitochondria, assayed in the absence of commonly added exogenous activating agents, is stimulated by aminonucleoside. The latter is more readily demonstrable with kidney mitochondrial preparations showing relatively low initial ATPase activity and appears to be polyphasic in response to increasing aminonucleoside concentration.
CoqPIE: An IDE Aimed at Improving Proof Development Productivity

In this paper we present CoqPIE(CoqPIE is available for download at http://github.com/kendroe/CoqPIE), a new development environment for Coq which delivers editing functionality centered around common prover usage workflow not found in existing tools. The main contributions of CoqPIE build from having an integrated parser for both Coq source and for prover output. The primary novelty is not the parser but how it is used: CoqPIE includes tools to carry out complex editing functions such as lemma extraction and replay. In proof replay for example both new and old outputs of the proof script are parsed into ASTs. These ASTs allow replay to do updates such as fixing hypothesis references.
The Knowledge of God as a Form of Life

The purpose of this study has been to examine, both by way of philosophical analysis and biblical exegesis, the concept of the knowledge of God. I have argued that there are different forms of knowledge claims expressed in the various uses of the word ‘know’. Each of these uses allowed for particular knowledge claims to be made, although each had its proper use and logical limitations. I also argued that such was the varied nature of these claims that they could not be reduced to a unified homogeneous account of what knowledge is. I claimed that in the case of the words ‘know’ and ‘knowledge’ what we had after analysis was not a definition but a number of proper uses of the words showing ‘family resemblances’.
Intersecting Landscapes: A Palynological Study of Pueblo, Spanish, and Anglo-American Land Use in New Mexico

The southwestern United States provides an opportunity to study the environmental impacts of culturally diverse peoples within a single geographic region. Using palynological data from a 600-year period, we examine the effects of differing land-use strategies employed by Pueblos, Spanish colonists, and Anglo-Americans around the village of La Cienega, New Mexico. The data indicate that, prior to Spanish colonization, Puebloan peoples had successful agricultural practices that created a diverse anthropogenic landscape. Successive waves of Spanish colonists, beginning in the 16th century, and Anglo-American colonists, in the 19th century, brought new plants, animals, and agricultural technologies that interacted with existing indigenous strategies. This history of the landscape of the Southwest reveals the subtle reorganization of the anthropogenic landscape resulting from the interaction and persistence of these three cultural traditions.
Augmented and selective delivery of liquid perfluorocarbon nanoparticles to melanoma cells with noncavitational ultrasound

Our laboratory previously has demonstrated the ability of liquid perfluoro-carbon (PFC) nanoparticles to serve as site-targeted contrast and therapeutic agents by specifically binding molecular markers. In this study, we sought to enhance the delivery of targeted PFC nanoparticles to cells expressing the integrin /spl alpha//sub v//spl beta//sub 3/ using clinical levels of ultrasound energy. Using an Acuson Sequoia imager, we demonstrate that ultrasound applied at 2MHz and 1.9 mechanical index (MI) for a five minute duration enhances the cellular interaction of targeted perfluorocarbon nanoparticles by melanoma cancer cells in vitro without any untoward effect from the ultrasound energy itself upon either the cells or the perfluorocarbon nanoparticles. Employing a custom designed specimen chamber, we have visualized a fundamental physical mechanism for this effect, that of acoustic radiation force (primary and secondary) on the particles, that may contribute to enhanced delivery. Accordingly, our study shows that enhancement of cellular interaction with targeted nanoparticles is feasible by noncavitational mechanisms. Ultrasonically-enhanced delivery of tracers or drugs to a wide variety of pathologic tissues may be useful for augmenting drug delivery after targeting, while limiting untoward effects on other tissues.
ELECTRIC AND PLUG‐IN HYBRID VEHICLE DEMAND: LESSONS FOR AN EMERGING MARKET

Understanding demand in the new plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) market is critical to designing more effective adoption policies. We use stated preference data from an innovative choice experiment to estimate demand for PHEVs relative to battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and to explore heterogeneity in demand for these vehicles. We find the gap between willingness to pay for PHEVs and their price premium over conventional vehicles is on the order of current subsidies, while that of BEVs is an order of magnitude larger. We use a latent class model to show PHEVs draw a different consumer segment into the market. (JEL Q5, R41)
A Visualization Primitive for Multiway Relationships

With the unprecedented wave of Big Data, the importance of information visualization is catching greater momentum. Understanding the underlying relationships between constituent entities is a common task in every branch of science, and visualization of such relationships is a critical part of data analysis. While the techniques for the visualization of binary relationships are widespread, visualization techniques for ternary or higher relationships are lacking. In this paper, we propose a visualization primitive which is suitable for multiway relationships. Its effectiveness is demonstrated in 3-D visualization.
Similarity Models for Ad Relevance Measures

Measuring the relevance between the query and paid search ads is an important problem to ensure the overall positive search experience. In this paper, we study experimentally the effectiveness of various document similarity models based solely on the content analysis of the query and ad landing page. Our approaches focus on two different aspects that aim to improving the document representation: one produces a better term-weighting function and the other projects the raw term-vectors to the concept space. Both models are discriminatively trained and significantly outperform the baseline approach. When used for filtering irrelevant ads, combining these two models gives the most gain, where the uncaught bad ads rate has reduced 28.5% when the false-positive rate is 0.1.
Data Quality Dimensions for Information Systems Security: A Theoretical Exposition (Invited Paper)

Data is an important asset used for various organizational activities. Poor data quality could have severe implications for information systems security in organizations. In this paper, data is viewed as embodied in the concept of signs. This paper identifies dimensions of data quality by using semiotics as a theoretical basis. We argue that the nature and scope of data quality dimensions changes as we move between different semiotic levels. An understanding of these changes is essential for ensuring information systems security.
Trypanosoma cruzi strain TcIV infects raccoons from Illinois.

BACKGROUND The northern limits of Trypanosoma cruzi across the territory of the United States remain unknown. The known vectors Triatoma sanguisuga and T. lecticularia find their northernmost limits in Illinois; yet, earlier screenings of those insects did not reveal the presence of the pathogen, which has not been reported in vectors or reservoir hosts in this state. OBJECTIVES Five species of medium-sized mammals were screened for the presence of T. cruzi. METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated from heart, spleen and skeletal muscle of bobcats (Lynx rufus, n = 60), raccoons (Procyon lotor, n = 37), nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus, n = 5), Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana, n = 3), and a red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Infections were detected targeting DNA from the kinetoplast DNA minicircle (kDNA) and satellite DNA (satDNA). The discrete typing unit (DTU) was determined by amplifying two gene regions: the Spliced Leader Intergenic Region (SL), via a multiplex polymerase chain reaction, and the 24Sα ribosomal DNA via a heminested reaction. Resulting sequences were used to calculate their genetic distance against reference DTUs. FINDINGS 18.9% of raccoons were positive for strain TcIV; the rest of mammals tested negative. MAIN CONCLUSIONS These results confirm for the first time the presence of T. cruzi in wildlife from Illinois, suggesting that a sylvatic life cycle is likely to occur in the region. The analyses of sequences of SL suggest that amplicons resulting from a commonly used multiplex reaction may yield non-homologous fragments.
COMPARING HOW WELL ASYNCHRONOUS ATOMIC BROADCAST PROTOCOLS PERFORM

Group atomic broadcast is a fundamental service for implementing fault-tolerant applications. This paper reports discrete event simulation results that compare the performance of five asynchronous atomic broadcast protocols in point-to-point networks. We investigate the average time taken to deliver a message as a function of group size and message interarrival time as well as the average number of messages used to complete a broadcast. We are interested in both failure free performance, as well as performance in the presence of a single communication failure. Our comparison shows that there is no overall best protocol. We identify those application areas where a protocol dominates the other protocols.
An Interpretation of Stress Change-Strain Transient Experiments in Al-5.5.at%Mg

ABSTRACT Stress increase-strain transient experiments have been performed on an Al-5.5at%Mg alloy at 573K and 673K under Class I (alloy type) creep conditions. The results of two fundamentally different types of stress increase experiments are described. In the first experiment, the initial stress is held constant; while in the second, the same increased stress is imposed. The typical strain transient associated with a stress increase has two primary features: a rapid loading response, δtotal, which is greater than the calculated elastic strain, followed by a brief constant strain rate regime. This “constant structure” creep rate is found to vary as the square of σincreased, and is linearly dependent on σinitial. The total anelastic strain, determined by back-extrapolating cs to the time of the stress increase, is shown to vary linearly with δσ. These results are in good agreement with complementary stress decrease experiments, indicating that a similar anelastic process is responsible for the strain transient upon stress increments and decrements. The results of these experiments are also quantitatively consistent with the predictions of a new dislocation loop model in which the observed anelastic response is explained in terms of the rapid motion of the screw components of the loops. Finally, the excellent agreement between the loop model predictions and the results for both positive and negative δσ experiments suggests that a “breakaway” phenomenon does not occur for stress increases in the alloy type regime.
Subscription to a Fresh Produce Delivery Program Increases Intake and Variety of Vegetables at no Added Cost to Customers

ABSTRACTField Goods® is a subscription-based, weekly delivery service of fresh produce that operates year-round. To determine the impact of program subscription on diet quality, new customers were ...
Balance in Demand Driven Acquisitions: The Importance of Mindfulness and Moderation When Utilizing Just in Time Collection Development

AbstractThe realities of budgetary constraints, and a transformative digital world, point to a future in which academic libraries continue to expand demand driven acquisitions in order to maintain ...
Next-to-leading order predictions for Zγ + jet and Zγγ final states at the LHC

We present next-to-leading order predictions for final states containing leptons produced through the decay of a Z boson in association with either a photon and a jet, or a pair of photons. The effect of photon radiation from the final state leptons is included and we also allow for contributions arising from fragmentation processes. Phenomenological studies are presented for the LHC in the case of final states containing charged leptons and in the case of neutrinos. We also use the procedure introduced by Stewart and Tackmann to provide a reliable estimate of the scale uncertainty inherent in our theoretical calculations of jet-binned Z gamma cross sections. These computations have been implemented in the public code MCFM.
Renal allograft loss due to renal vascular thrombosis in the US pediatric renal transplantation.

Renal vascular thrombosis (RVT) is a major cause of early allograft loss in the first year following pediatric kidney transplantation. We examined recent trends in allograft loss due to RVT and identified associated risk factors. We identified 14,640 kidney-only transplants performed between 1995 and 2014 with follow-up until June 30, 2016, in 13,758 pediatric patients aged < 19 years from the US Renal Data System. We examined the 1-year incidence of allograft loss due to RVT by year of transplant, and plotted the trend over time. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the relationship between year of transplant as well as recipient, donor, and transplant characteristics with allograft loss due to RVT. The incidence of allograft loss due to RVT consistently declined among pediatric kidney transplant performed between 1995 and 2014. Among transplants performed between 1995 and 2004, 128/7542 (1.7%) allografts were lost due to RVT compared to 53/7098 (0.8%) among transplants performed between 2005 and 2014; average 1-year cumulative incidence was 1.5% (95% CI, 1.3–1.9%) and 0.6% (95% CI, 0.5–0.8%), respectively. Increased risk for allograft loss due to RVT was associated with en bloc kidney transplantation (HR, 3.42; 95% CI 1.38–8.43) and cold ischemia time ≥ 12 h (HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.15–2.76). Interestingly, these risk factors were more prevalent in the latter decade. The incidence of allograft loss due to RVT significantly and continuously declined among pediatric kidney transplants performed between 1995 and 2014. The causes for this improvement are unclear in the present analysis.
Abstract SY42-01: Chemical biology-based approach to understanding and overcoming resistance of cancers to therapies

The ability of cancer cells to resist apoptotic death induced by radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapies and immunotherapy has been a primary impediment to achieving long-lasting clinical responses. Cancer resistance is often studied through the lens of genetics, and thus on a drug-by-drug basis. I will discuss an alternative approach - studying resistance through the lens of cellular plasticity. As part of the NCI’s Cancer Target Discovery & Development Network, we use the Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal (CTRP), which enables small molecule sensitivity-cancer cell feature relationships to be explored on a broad basis. One insight gained from this resource suggests that a similar form of plasticity appears recurrently in multiple cancer contexts, and in response to multiple modalities (chemotherapy; targeted therapy; immunotherapy) thus opening the possibility of a pan-cancer explanation of resistance. Here, cell plasticity provides access to an apoptosis-deficient state and thus resistance, and then subsequent cancer mutations, rather than being the basis of resistance, are needed to optimize the fitness of the resistant state for growth. We found that this myofibroblastic-like cell state has profound changes in lipid biology that result in a novel vulnerability to ferroptotic cell death and a dependency on the activity of GPX4, a potentially druggable lipid hydroperoxidas. We hope this research will provide a blueprint for the cure of cancers in the future. Citation Format: Stuart L. Schreiber. Chemical biology-based approach to understanding and overcoming resistance of cancers to therapies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr SY42-01.
Mining Coronavirus (COVID-19) Posts in Social Media.

World Health Organization (WHO) characterized the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) as a global pandemic on March 11th, 2020. Before this and in late January, more specifically on January 27th, while the majority of the infection cases were still reported in China and a few cruise ships, we began crawling social media user postings using the Twitter search API. Our goal was to leverage machine learning and linguistic tools to better understand the impact of the outbreak in China. Unlike our initial expectation to monitor a local outbreak, COVID-19 rapidly spread across the globe. In this short article we report the preliminary results of our study on automatically detecting the positive reports of COVID-19 from social media user postings using state-of-the-art machine learning models.
The Dynamics of O+ Desorption from TiO2

Electrons and photons can stimulate positive ion desorption from surfaces provided that: (1) the positive ion is formed by electronic transitions initiated by the incident electron or photon, (2) repulsive forces act to expel the particle, and (3) the positive ion escapes without neutralization or re-capture by the solid. A microscopic mechanism has been proposed by Knotek and Feibelman [1] to explain positive ion desorption from ionic insulators. The prototypical system for this mechanism is O+ desorption from TiO2. Since the Ti cation is maximal valent, i.e. a filled 3p shell and no 3d electrons, a Ti core hole that is produced by electron or photon impact can only be filled by an inter-atomic Auger decay process that involves O valence electrons. There is a finite branching ratio for two Auger electrons to be ejected from a single oxygen center, resulting in the formation of O+. This O+ ion can then be expelled from the surface by repulsive Coulomb forces. Since the repulsive forces are relatively well known, the nuclear motion can be predicted. In this article, we discuss classical trajectory calculations of O+ desorption from TiO2. These calculations establish the time scale for desorption, and they provide predictions of ion kinetic energy and angular distributions which can be directly compared with experimental results [2,3]. The calculations also provide qualitative insight into the effects of lattice recoil and the origin of site-dependent desorption probabilities.
The Intergenerational Cycles of Rural Health

MESSAGES FROM THE FIELD In the process of establishing the new Center for Rural Health Research at East Tennessee State University, I spoke with about 100 rural health leaders-ranging from the presidents and CEOs of national professional organizations to elected officials, state-level leaders, and front-line workers What is clear from Beatty et al 's review (p 1293) of funding challenges facing rural health departments, from DuPre et al 's review (p 1332) of the interrelationship ofone epidemic (opioid addiction) with another (hepatitis A), and Kozhimannil et al 's study (p 1315) of obstetric services in rural hospitals, is that many parts of rural America are seeing a slow downward spiral, where, incrementally and over time, a variety of factors are combining to further erode the fragile health status of rural Americans, especially for those living in the poorest and most isolated areas In parts of the country with higher rates of poverty and lower educational achievement, there are already higher levels of smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and other negative health behaviors, compared with wealthier parts of the country 2 Children of parents who smoke are more likely to become smokers 3 Children of parents who are obese are more likely to be obese 4 Over the generations, this cycle results in many rural Americans engaging in poorer health habits than their nonrural counterparts 4
Investigation of Significant Factors on Deformation with Powder Bed Fusion System

Powder bed fusion (PBF) is one of the most popular techniques in additive manufacturing (AM). The PBF technique of selective laser melting (SLM) consolidates powder layer by layer using a laser as ...
Are You a Candidate for Donald Trump's Coronavirus Vaccine?

Many people will compete in the marketplace for access to one of the vaccines currently under development, at prices to be set by the pharmaceutical companies, known for seeking very hefty profit margins, allegedly to cover research costs but also very high promotion costs.
1345. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Ambulatory Antibiotic Use in an Academic Health System

Background It is unclear how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted outpatient pediatric antibiotic prescribing Methods We compared diagnoses and antibiotic prescription rates for children pre- vs post-COVID-19 in 5 ambulatory settings affiliated with Vanderbilt University Medical Center: emergency department (ED), urgent care clinics (including pediatric-only after-hours clinics [AHC]s and walk-in clinics [WIC] for all ages), primary care clinics (PCC), and retail health clinics (RHC) Time periods were pre-COVID-19 3/1/19 - 5/15/19 (P1);and post-COVID-19 3/1/20 - 5/15/20 (P2) Diagnoses and percent of encounters with an antibiotic prescription were analyzed by encounter (in-person vs telemedicine [TMed]), clinic and provider type We also interviewed 16 providers about perceived COVID-19 impact on pediatric ambulatory antibiotic prescribing Student's T and χ 2 tests were used as appropriate Results The number of pediatric ambulatory visits was 16671 in P1 and 7010 in P2 There were no TMed visits in P1 vs 188 in P2 (2 7% of total P2 visits);186 (99% of TMed visits) were in PCC (Table) In all settings, the number of encounters was lower in P2 vs P1 (p< 0 001) The percent of encounters with an antibiotic prescription was lower in P2 (32%) than in P1 (38 2%) (p< 0 001) (Table) overall and in all settings except RHCs Only 14 (7 4%) TMed visits resulted in an antibiotic prescription There were no differences in antibiotic prescribing rates by provider type Diagnoses varied significantly between periods in all clinic types except the ED, with noninfectious diagnoses being higher in P2 vs P1 (Figure 1) Providers felt that COVID-19 led to fewer but sicker patients presenting for care, and variable impact on antibiotic prescribing Conclusion The proportion of encounters with non-infectious diagnoses increased and antibiotic prescribing rates decreased significantly in all pediatric ambulatory settings post-COVID-19 except RHCs Almost all TMed encounters occurred in the primary care setting, and few resulted in an antibiotic prescription Providers felt they saw fewer patients and higher acuity of illness post COVID-19
Nano-Medicine in the Cardiovascular System

Nano-medicines that include nanoparticles, nanocomposites, small molecules, and exosomes represent new viable sources for future therapies for the dysfunction of cardiovascular system, as well as the other important organ systems. Nanomaterials possess special properties ranging from their intrinsic physicochemical properties, surface energy and surface topographies which can illicit advantageous cellular responses within the cardiovascular system, making them exceptionally valuable in future clinical translation applications. The success of nano-medicines as future cardiovascular theranostic agents requires a comprehensive understanding of the intersection between nanomaterial and the biomedical fields. In this review, we highlight some of the major types of nano-medicine systems that are currently being explored in the cardiac field. This review focusses on the major differences between the systems, and how these differences affect the specific therapeutic or diagnostic applications. The important concerns relevant to cardiac nano-medicines, including cellular responses, toxicity of the different nanomaterials, as well as cardio-protective and regenerative capabilities are discussed. In this review an overview of the current development of nano-medicines specific to the cardiac field is provided, discussing the diverse nature and applications of nanomaterials as therapeutic and diagnostic agents.
Synovial fluid concentrations of matrix Metalloproteinase-3 and Interluekin-6 following anterior cruciate ligament injury associate with gait biomechanics 6 months following reconstruction.

Summary Objective To compare gait biomechanics 6 months following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) between patients with the highest and lowest concentrations of synovial fluid (SF) interleukin-6 (IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), as well as compared to uninjured controls. Design SF concentrations of IL-6 and MMP-3 were collected 7 ± 4 days post injury in 38 ACL injured patients (55% female, 21±4yrs, 25.3 ± 5.2BMI). ACL injured individuals were stratified into the lowest and highest quartiles based on IL-6 (IL-6Lowest and IL-6Highest) and MMP-3 (MMP-3Lowest and MMP-3Highest) concentrations. Gait biomechanics were collected on the injured limb 6 months post-ACLR and in 38 uninjured controls (50% female, 21±3yrs, 23.8 ± 2.8BMI). Functional analyses of variance were used to compare vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), knee flexion angle (KFA), and internal knee extension moment (KEM) waveforms throughout stance phase of gait to determine the proportions of stance differing between limbs and groups. Results Compared to uninjured controls, IL-6High and MMP-3High ACL subgroups demonstrated lesser vGRF (largest differences: IL-6, 7.88%BW; MMP-3, 11.05%BW) during early-stance and greater vGRF (largest differences: IL-6, 6.21%BW; MMP-3, 5.85%BW) in mid-stance, lesser KFA (largest differences: IL-6, 3.11°; MMP-3, 3.72°) and lesser KEM (largest differences: IL-6, 0.96%BW•m; MMP-3, 1.07%BW•m) in early-stance, as well as greater KFA in mid-stance (largest differences: IL-6, 1.5°; MMP-3, 2.95°). Conclusions High SF concentrations of a proinflammatory cytokine and a degradative enzyme early post-ACL injury are associated with aberrant gait biomechanics in the injured limb at 6 months post-ACLR (i.e., lesser vGRF, KFA and KEM) linked to posttraumatic osteoarthritis development.
Remote and Collaborative Virtual Reality Experiments via Social VR Platforms

Virtual reality (VR) researchers struggle to conduct remote studies. Previous work has focused on working around limitations imposed by traditional crowdsourcing methods. However, the potential for leveraging social VR platforms for HCI evaluations is largely unexplored. These platforms have large VR-ready user populations, distributed synchronous virtual environments, and support for user-generated content. We demonstrate how social VR platforms can be used to practically and ethically produce valid research results by replicating two studies using one such platform (VRChat): a quantitative study on Fitts’ Law and a qualitative study on tabletop collaboration. Our replication studies exhibited analogous results to the originals, indicating the research validity of this approach. Moreover, we easily recruited experienced VR users with their own hardware for synchronous, remote, and collaborative participation. We further provide lessons learned for future researchers experimenting using social VR platforms. This paper and all supplemental materials are available at osf.io/c2amz.
Reducing exposure to tobacco retailers with residential zoning policy: insights from a geospatial analysis of Wilmington, Delaware

Cigarette use remains the leading preventable cause of premature mortality in the US, with declines in smoking rates slowing in recent years. One promising target for improved tobacco control is th...
A Systems Approach to Developing an Outdoor IoT Network for Wildlife Image Capture

This paper highlights the impact of Just in Time Systems Engineering education on a senior design or capstone project in Electrical and Computer Engineering. The goal of the senior design project was to design an Internet of Things (IoT) network using multiple wireless network protocols and devices for purposes of wildlife tracking and image capturing. A novel IoT network for motion capture was built utilizing low-power microcontrollers, passive-infrared sensor modules, and an IoT-based camera module. The network was studied in an outdoor environment using weather-proofed encasements and Google Drive connectivity. Systems Engineering approaches were essential for validation and verification of the success criteria of this senior design project.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Allylic Amines from Alkenes and Amines

Allylic amines are valuable synthetic targets en route to diverse biologically active amine products. Current allylic C–H amination strate-gies remain limited with respect to the viable N-substituents. Herein we disclose a new electrochemical process to prepare aliphatic allylic amines by coupling two abundant starting materials: secondary amines and unactivated alkenes. This oxidative transformation proceeds via electrochemical generation of an electrophilic adduct between thianthrene and the alkene substrates. Treatment of these adducts with aliphatic amine nucleophiles and base provides allylic amine products in high yield. This synthetic strategy is also amenable to functionali-zation of feedstock gaseous alkenes at 1 atmosphere. In the case of 1-butene, remarkable Z-selective crotylation is observed. This strategy, however, is not limited to the synthesis of simple building blocks; complex biologically active molecules are suitable as both alkene and amine coupling partners. Preliminary mechanistic studies implicate vinylthianthrenium salts as key reactive intermediates.
How Fair Can Be Faster: The Lessons of Coleman v. Franken

Abstract The largely successful resolution of Minnesota's disputed 2008 U.S. Senate election offers a model from which other states can benefit in the event they confront a similar dispute. In part...
Environment Affinities: Naturalism and the Porous Body

Cet article examine l’experimentation avec la forme naturaliste que l’on retrouve dans les pieces de Judith Thompson. L’auteur suggere plusieurs moyens par lesquels Thompson radicalise l’esthetique naturaliste et expose les aspects du genre qui sont habilitants sur le plan politique. L’oeuvre de Thompson fait ressortir les affinites refoulees entre le naturalisme et le surrealisme, deux mouvements qui mettent a l’epreuve les limites poreuses de l’ego et de l’environnement. Raymond Williams y voyait une caracteristique cle du naturalisme de haute intensite dans lequel l’environnement «sature» la vie des personnages. Les pieces de Thompson donnent une forme litteraire a ce naturalisme «impregne» a l’exces en presentant des personnages qui deviennent sursatures sur le plan linguistique et physique par leur environnement. Explorant les possibilites de la «representation du terrain» en faisant du corps une co-extension de son entourage materiel, Thompson imagine une autre ethique de la rencontre entre le soi et le monde. En meme temps, elle complique l’acte de la representation du terrain en montrant comment la figure feminine est devenue synonyme de l’espace lui-meme.