cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SELECTED DRYING CONDITIONS AND STORAGE PERIOD AND QUALITY OF WALNUT SELECTIONS

Walnut selections were hulled at harvest time, and 3 and 5 days after harvest to determine the effects of hulling time on postharvest quality. Walnuts removed from their hulls were stored shelled and unshelled under ambient conditions after being dried at selected conditions. Among the tested hulling dates, the best results were obtained from the walnuts hulled at harvest time. At the end of the storage period, the least quality losses were determined in the walnuts dried in the sun. Generally, quality losses in the shelled walnuts were greater than quality losses in the unshelled walnuts. According to the research results, walnuts removed from their hulls and dried under sun can be stored under ambient conditions (21 ± 1C and 50–65 RH) and retain acceptable quality for 12 months.
Differences between urban and rural school psychology: Training implications

Urban and rural school psychologists in Virginia were surveyed on role diversity, role emphasis, continuing education, and job satisfaction. As predicted, rural school psychologists have a more diverse role, spend less time in traditional assessment activities, and are more likely to engage in activities involving them at the systems and community levels. School psychologists indicated their perceptions of differences in rural and urban school psychology. Implications of urban vs. rural practice for school psychology training programs are discussed.
Shape and Size of Fluid Particles

The shape and size of a fluid particle (a bubble or a drop) significantly affects its motion as well as the associated heat and mass transfer processes. The drag force depends on the particle shape and it is one of the factors that determines the magnitude of the fluid velocity. The transport depends strongly on the interfacial area which is a function of the size and shape of the particle, as well as the overall fluid motion. At the interface between a particle and the ambient fluid, for particle stability, a balance between the normal force, the shear force, gravity, and the surface tension force must be maintained. This balance governs the shape of the particle. The size would also be influenced, particularly if there is phase change.
CALCIUM INACTIVATION OF CALCIUM RELEASE IN FROG CUT MUSCLE FIBERS THAT CONTAIN MILLIMOLAR EGTA OR FURA-2

Cut muscle fibers from Rana temporaria (sarcomere length, 3.4-4.2 microns) were mounted in a double Vaseline-gap chamber (14-15 degrees C) and equilibrated with end-pool solutions that contained 20 mM EGTA and 1.76 mM Ca. Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca release was estimated from changes in pH (Pape, P. C., D.-S. Jong, and W.K. Chandler. 1995. Journal of General Physiology. 106:000-000). Although the amplitude and duration of the [Ca] transient, as well as its spatial spread from the release sites, are reduced by EGTA, SR Ca release elicited by either depolarizing voltage-clamp pulses or action potentials behaved in a manner consistent with Ca inactivation of Ca release. After a step depolarization to -20 or 10 mV, the rate of SR Ca release, corrected for SR Ca depletion, reached a peak value within 5-15 ms and then rapidly decreased to a quasi-steady level that was about half the peak value; the time constant of the last half of the decrease was usually 2-4 ms. Immediately after an action potential or a 10-15 ms prepulse to -20 mV, the peak rate of SR Ca release elicited by a second stimulation, as well as the fractional amount of release, were substantially decreased. The rising phase of the rate of release was also reduced, suggesting that at least 0.9 of the ability of the SR to release Ca had been inactivated by the first stimulation. There was little change in intramembranous charge movement, suggesting that the changes in SR Ca release were not caused by changes in its voltage activation. These effects of a first stimulation on the rate of SR Ca release elicited by a second stimulation recovered during repolarization to -90 mV; the time constant of recovery was approximately 25 ms in the action-potential experiments and approximately 50 ms in the voltage-clamp experiments. Fura-2, which is able to bind Ca more rapidly than EGTA and hence reduce the amplitude of the [Ca] transient and its spatial spread from release sites by a greater amount, did not prevent Ca inactivation of Ca release, even at concentrations as large as 6-8 mM. These effects of Ca inactivation of Ca release can be simulated by the three-state, two-step model proposed by Schneider, M. F., and B. J. Simon (1988, Journal of Physiology. 405:727-745), in which SR Ca channels function as a single uniform population of channels. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Internet versus Television Advertising: A Brand-Building Comparison:

Many advertisers are reluctant to shift a large proportion of their advertising budgets to the Internet because they still view television advertising as the main vehicle for building a brand. Using a unique and rich data set comprising 20 campaigns across a variety of industries, this study demonstrates that Internet ads perform on par with television ads on the brand-building metrics that advertisers use and trust. The authors extend traditional brand–message recall measurements to facilitate comparisons between Internet formats and television by supplementing brand–message surveys conducted during the campaign with a set of precampaign surveys to control for preexisting brand knowledge. They find that accounting for differences in preexisting brand knowledge is paramount in obtaining valid comparisons across advertising formats because people who are exposed to Internet display ads have significantly lower levels of preexisting brand knowledge than television viewers. Without considering the difference...
3DLoc: Three Dimensional Wireless Localization Toolkit

In this paper, we present 3DLoc: an integrated system of hardware and software toolkits for locating an 802.11-compliant mobile device in a three dimensional (3D) space. 3DLoc features two specialized antennas: an azimuth antenna and an elevation antenna, for detecting the azimuth and elevation angles of a mobile device respectively in real time. To improve positioning accuracy in real-world urban settings, we propose various signal processing techniques such as clustering and wavelet-transform based denoising, and present theoretical analysis of the accuracy of these techniques. With different antenna configurations, 3DLoc is able to track single or multiple targets in one round of azimuth scanning and elevation scanning. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of 3DLoc. 3DLoc can be used in various applications, including wireless network forensics for locating anonymous criminal mobile devices.
Proximate outcomes of gatekeeper training for suicide prevention in the workplace

In this pilot study we report on proximate outcomes of a 1-hour community gatekeeper training in-service for 76 nonclinical employees in a university hospital workplace setting. Pre-post analyses resulted in positive changes in participants' knowledge about suicide and attitudes (self-efficacy) about intervening with suicidal individuals. A subset of participants engaged in role play practice of gatekeeper skills following training and rated the experience positively. Fifty-five observations were rated using an observational measure developed for this study and approximately half of these demonstrated satisfactory skills post training. Participants in this workplace gatekeeper training reported sharing new knowledge and skills with family, friends, and coworkers.
Conduction abnormalities detected by electrophysiologic testing following repair of ostium primum atrioventricular septal defect

Since 1983 we have performed electrophysiologic studies in 6 patients who had previously undergone repair of an ostium primum atrioventricular septal defect. Information obtained during electrophysiologic studies was crucial in guiding appropriate pacemaker therapy in these patients. As judged from the resting electrocardiogram, sinus or junctional bradycardia was present in 3/6, atrial flutter / fibrillation in 2/6, and paced rhythm in 2 patients who had had ventricular pacemakers implanted for complete atrioventricular block. During maximal exercise testing 4 patients had reduced heart rates; 2 had sudden drops in heart rate at 1 min postexercise; 1 patient had exercise induced ventricular bigeminy; and 1 patient with atrial flutter and 2: 1-4: 1 block at rest developed 1: 1 conduction during Stage II with an effective ventricular rate of 220/min. During electrophysiologic studies, the maximum corrected sinus node recovery time was abnormal in five of the six, ranging from 410 to 5630 msec. There was no spontaneous atrial rhythm in the other patient. Complete atrioventricular block was present in 2 patients while the atrioventricular Wenckebach phenomenon occurred abnormally at atrial pacing cycle lengths greater than 450 msec in 2 others. Supraventricular tachycardia or atrial flutter/fibrillation, was either spontaneous or induced in 2/6 patients, while ventricular tachycardia was induced in 1/3 patients who underwent programmed ventricular stimulation. Electrophysiologic studies were important in unmasking severe sinus node disease in 3 patients and atrioventricular node disease in 2. We therefore recommend that electrophysiologic studies be strongly considered as part of the evaluation of conduction abnormalities following repair of ostium primum atrioventricular septal defect.
Molluscan cells in culture: primary cell cultures and cell lines.

In vitro cell culture systems from molluscs have significantly contributed to our basic understanding of complex physiological processes occurring within or between tissue-specific cells, yielding ...
FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF GREEN-WINGED TEAL AND MALLARDS ON TIDAL MUDFLATS IN LOUISIANA

We used time-activity budget techniques to measure foraging behavior of green-winged teal (Anas crecca carolinensis) and mallards (A. platyrhynchos). Observations were made on tidal mudflats in the Atchafalaya River Delta, Louisiana, USA, in the winter of 1994-1995. Green-winged teal spent more diurnal time than mallards foraging (68% vs. 35%). Time spent in different foraging postures also differed between species. Green-winged teal foraged by dabbling 70% of the time and by head-dipping only 28% of the time. Mallards foraged by dabbling 47% of the time and by head-dipping 47% of the time. Foraging by tipping- up was rare in both species. Mean water depths used by both species when foraging were ,5 cm. Most foraging took place near the mud-water interface during ebb and flow tides.
An Attempt to Understand Students' Understanding of Basic Algebra.

This paper reports the results obtained with a group of 24 14-year-old students when presented with a set of algebra tasks by the Leeds Modelling System, LMS. These same students were given a comparable paper-and-pencil test and detailed interviews some four months later. The latter studies uncovered several kinds of student misunderstandings that LMS had not detected. Some students had profound misunderstandings of algebraic notation: Others used strategies such as substituting numbers for variables until the equation balanced. Additionally, it appears that the student errors fall into several distinct classes: namely, manipulative, parsing, clerical, and “random.” LMS and its rule database have been enhanced as the result of this experiment, and LMS is now able to diagnose the majority of the errors encountered in this experiment. Finally, the paper gives a process-oriented explanation for student errors, and re-examines related work in cognitive modelling in the light of the types of student errors reported in this experiment. Misgeneralization is a mechanism suggested to explain some of the mal-rules noted in this study.
The Civilian Left and the Radicalization of the Dergue

This article attempts to explain the radicalization of the military committee in Ethiopia known as the Dergue. The committee brought down the monarchy and initiated far-reaching socialist transform...
Radioimmunoassay of Hydromorphone in Plasma

A radloimmunoassay for hydromorphone In plasma has been developed from a commercially available RIA kit. The method is capable of detecting drugs in the 10 - 40 ng/ml range using 0.1 ml of sample. Accuracy of the procedure using spiked human plasma samples Is + 20%. Analysis of
An XPS study on the attachment of triethoxsilylbutyraldehyde to two titanium surfaces as a way to bond chitosan

A bioactive coating has the ability to create a strong interface between bone tissue and implant. Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from the exoskeletons of shellfish, exhibits many bioactive properties that make it an ideal material for use as a coating such as antibacterial, biodegradable, non-toxic, and the ability to attract and promote bone cell growth and organized bone formation. A previous study reported on the bonding of chitosan to a titanium surface using a three-step process. In the current study, 86.4% de-acetylated chitosan coatings were bound to implant quality titanium in a two-step process that involved the deposition of triethoxsilylbutyraldehyde (TESBA) in toluene, followed by a reaction between the aldehyde of TESBA with chitosan. The chitosan coatings were examined on two different metal treatments to determine if any major differences in the ability of titanium to bind chitosan could be detected. The surface of the titanium metal and the individual reaction steps were examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Following the deposition of TESBA, significant changes were seen in the amounts of oxygen, silicon, carbon, and titanium present on the titanium surface, which were consistent with the anticipated reaction steps. It was demonstrated that more TESBA was bound to the piranha-treated titanium surface as compared to the passivated titanium surface. The two different silane molecules, aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and TESBA, did not affect the chemistry of the resultant chitosan films. XPS showed that both the formation of unwanted polysiloxanes and the removal of the reactive terminal groups were prevented by using toluene as the carrier solvent to bond TESBA to the titanium surfaces, instead of an aqueous solvent. Qualitatively, the chitosan films demonstrated improved adhesion after using toluene, as the films remained attached to the titanium surface even when placed under the ultra-high vacuum necessary for XPS, unlike the chitosan films deposited using an aqueous solvent, which were removed when exposed to the ultra-high vacuum environment of XPS.
Flexible mixture model for collaborative filtering

This paper presents a flexible mixture model (FMM) for collaborative filtering. FMM extends existing partitioning/clustering algorithms for collaborative filtering by clustering both users and items together simultaneously without assuming that each user and item should only belong to a single cluster. Furthermore, with the introduction of 'preference' nodes, the proposed framework is able to explicitly model how users rate items, which can vary dramatically, even among the users with similar tastes on items. Empirical study over two datasets of movie ratings has shown that our new algorithm outperforms five other collaborative filtering algorithms substantially.
An Analysis Of Firm Level Auditor Tenure On Audit Hours

This study provides further evidence with respect to findings reported by Stein et al. (1994) and O’Keefe et al. (1994) on the demand for the various grades of professional labor audit hours. These studies found that demand for audit hours was a function of three sets of client factors: size, complexity, and risk. However, contrary to what might be expected, they did not find that auditor learning had a significant effect. Using a data set consisting of 75 audits of publicly-held companies obtained from four international accounting firms, we test the generalizability of their findings to our more diverse data set and further examine the effects of auditor learning on audit hours. We find the results reported by Stein et al. and O’Keefe et al. generalizable to our data set, indicating their findings to be robust and our samples comparable. Although perhaps not of economic significance, the data also tends to suggest differential auditor learning across various staff levels in a complex relation. That is, the ability to observe learning is dependent on auditee size. There appears to be some learning for partners, managers, and seniors in audits of smaller auditees. However, given the limitations of our data set and consideration of economic significance versus statistical significance, the evidence is not convincingly strong in support of auditor learning on repeat engagements. We recommend further investigation as to whether both an auditor tenure indicator variable and a auditor tenure by auditee size interaction variable simultaneously considered in the model are an appropriate specification of the audit production function to capture auditor learning in a cross-sectional analysis.
¿En que Estado está el feminismo? Reflexiones teóricas y perspectivas comparativas

The author exposes the discussion about feminists, if they must or not act with or inside the State. She analyzes the role that States play respect woman in several Latin American cases: Colombia; Chile or Peru, to bring them as examples, and how feminist had become implicated inside public policies toward women. The article makes a critical analysis of the women non governmental organizations role in that policies, the feminist themselves and the policies that the State assume through different forms taken in the inter relations between sectors. The author utilizes the direct interview to carry out the debate about gender and the forms adopted to a theoretical field.
Immunohistochemical Approach to the Diagnosis and Prognostic Evaluation of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

Pancreatic endocrine tumors include a broad spectrum of neoplasms. Immunohistochemical characterization of the tumors along with clinical evaluation is used to separate tumors into functioning and nonfunctioning neoplasms. Immunohistochemical detection of specific transcription factors can be helpful in the diagnosis and in the differential diagnosis of metastatic pancreatic endocrine tumors. Immunostaining for Ki-67 along with mitotic indices are the commonly used methods for grading pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. In addition to the hormones normally detected in the pancreatic islets, a small percentage of pancreatic endocrine tumors produce ectopic hormones. Most pancreatic endocrine tumors that produce ectopic hormones are malignant tumors, but the molecular mechanisms of ectopic hormone production are not known. Immunohistochemical methods have become the cornerstone for diagnosis and for prognostic evaluation of pancreatic endocrine tumors.
Multi-Joint Compensatory Effects of Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty During High-Demand Tasks

Patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) demonstrate quadriceps weakness and functional limitations 1 year after surgery during daily tasks such as walking and stair climbing. Most biomechanical analyses of patients after TKA focus on quadriceps function and rarely investigate other lower-extremity muscles or high-demand ambulatory activities of daily living. The purpose of this investigation was to quantify lower-extremity muscle forces in patients with unilateral TKA during high-demand tasks of pivoting and descending stairs. Five patients with unilateral TKA and five age and sex-matched controls performed three bilateral high-demand tasks: (1) step down from an 8-inch platform, (2) inside pivot: 90° direction change toward planted limb, and (3) outside pivot: 90° direction change away from planted limb. Subject-specific musculoskeletal simulations were created in OpenSim to determine joint angles, moments, and lower-extremity muscle forces. The results indicate that patients with TKA adopt compensatory strategies at both the hip and knee. Patients with TKA demonstrated increased hip external rotation, decreased knee flexion, decreased quadriceps force, and decreased hip abductor force in all three tasks. These strategies are likely a result of quadriceps avoidance, which may stem from instability after TKA or a habitual strategy developed during the late stages of osteoarthritis.
G AVIN R. G. H AMBLY , ED ., Women in the Medieval Islamic World: Power, Patronage, and Piety , The New Middle Ages (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998). Pp. 566.

The historical study of women and gender in the Middle East and Islamic world has come of age. Not so long ago, it was difficult to find good monographs or collections of essays on women's experiences in the past, even as studies of women and gender in the contemporary Islamic world proliferated. As a result, our ability to make sense of women's lives and experiences in the late 20th century suffered from a lack of historical perspective. An enormous amount of work still confronts us in recovering women's experiences, but exciting historical studies, solidly grounded in primary sources, are already changing the way we think about women in Islamic and Middle Eastern history—and, indeed, in some cases they are changing the way we look at that history as a whole. The greatest gains have occurred in the study of the 19th and 20th centuries, when changes in women's lives were particularly visible and the wealth of sources has allowed us to deal with a range of important questions. What we know about women in the early modern period, especially in the Ottoman Empire, is also expanding rapidly. The absence of work and the huge gaps in our knowledge of earlier periods, despite important works such as those by Denise Spellberg and Leila Ahmed, remains a serious problem, however. This collection of essays, Women in the Medieval Islamic World, edited by Gavin Hambly, is therefore a very welcome addition to the literature on the history of Muslim women in the pre-modern era.
Insertion Reactions of Transition Metal-Carbon σ-Bonded Compounds I: Carbon Monoxide Insertion

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the insertion of carbon monoxide (CO) into transition metal–carbon σ bonds. An attempt is made at a complete literature coverage of the insertion of CO. Numerous organometallic reactions conform to the general equation M–X + Y → M–Y–X, where M is a metal and X and Y are monatomic or polyatomic species. Such processes are termed as “insertion reactions.” The chapter also compares relative reactivities and the activation parameters for the CO insertion of various types of metal alkyls. The elimination of carbon monoxide accompanied by the conversion of an acyl group to the corresponding alkyl moiety has been termed as “decarbonylation.” This is the most extensively, as well as intensively, studied type of decarbonylation. The ultraviolet light-induced decarbonylation has been successfully effected in several types of transition metal acyls. In some instances, the decarbonylation can be effected, under mild conditions, using a stoichiometric amount of a CO-abstracting metal complex. The intramolecular nature of carbon monoxide insertion is demonstrated by the ability of ligands (L) other than CO to convert an alkyl metal carbonyl to the corresponding acyl complex.
Investigation of Gd2@C90, Gd2C2@C92, and Gd2@C79N by Raman Spectroscopy

The structure and vibrational spectrum of Gd2 and Gd2C2 endofullerenes are studied through Raman spectroscopy and universal force field (UFF) calculations. Hindered rotations, shown by both theory and experiment, indicate the formation of a Gd–cage bond, which reduces the ideal symmetry of the cage. We have conducted Raman studies of Gd2@C90, Gd2@C79N, and Gd2C2@C92. We have also studied Y2C2@C92 for comparison. Several modes have been identified which provide information about the endohedral complex.
Innovation and the U.S. Patent System

This paper identifies and discusses changes in application of United States patent laws by the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) that resulted in lowered patentability standards, increased uncertainty in the outcome of patent litigation, and excessive damages for patent infringement. The adverse impact of these changes on innovation in the United States is noted.The paper also examines facts underlying creation of the CAFC, including the pecuniary interests of patent lawyers who practiced before the United States Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO) and whose livelihoods would be adversely impacted if the USPTO were to follow the admonition of the United States Supreme Court to strictly adhere to the 1952 patent act as interpreted by the Supreme Court. The growth in the number of patent lawyers following creation of the CAFC is noted.The paper concludes with recommendations for reforms to the United States patent system to undo the harms caused by the CAFC.
Impact of Drainage on Green Roof Evapotranspiration

AbstractGreen roofs are emerging as an effective technology for stormwater management and sustainable building in the United States as they evapotranspirate the majority of smaller rainfall events ...
Inactivation of yeast hexokinase by Cibacron Blue 3G-A: spectral, kinetic and structural investigations.

Yeast hexokinase, a homodimer (100 kDa), is an important enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. Although Cibacron Blue 3G-A (Reactive Blue 2) has been previously shown to inactivate yeast hexokinase, no comprehensive study exists concerning the nature of interaction(s) between hexokinase and the blue dye. A comparison of the computer-generated three-dimensional (3D) representations showed considerable overlap of the purine ring of ATP, a nucleotide substrate of hexokinase, with the hydrophobic anthraquinone moiety of the blue dye. The visible spectrum of the blue dye showed a characteristic absorption band centred at 628 nm. The visible difference spectrum of increasing concentration of the dye and the same concentrations of the dye plus a fixed concentration of hexokinase exhibited a maximum, a minimum and an isobestic point at 683, 585, and 655 nm respectively. The visible difference spectrum of the blue dye and the dye in 50% ethylene glycol showed a maximum and a minimum at 660 and 570 nm respectively. The visible difference spectrum of the blue dye in the presence of the dye and hexokinase modified at the active site by pyridoxal phosphate, iodoacetamide and o-phthalaldehyde was devoid of bands characteristic of the hexokinase-blue dye complex. Size-exclusion-chromatographic studies in the absence or presence of guanidinium chloride showed that the enzyme inactivated by the blue dye was co-eluted with the unmodified enzyme. The dialysis residue obtained after extensive dialysis of the gel-filtered complex, against a buffer of high ionic strength, showed an absorption maximum at 655 nm characteristic of the dye-enzyme complex. Inactivation data when analysed by ‘Kitz-Wilson’-type kinetics for an irreversible inhibitor, yielded values of 0.05 min-1 and 92 microM for maximum rate of inactivation (k3) and dissociation constant (Kd) for the enzyme-dye complex respectively. Sugar and nucleotide substrates protected hexokinase against inactivation by the blue dye. About 2 mol of the blue dye bound per mol of hexokinase after complete inactivation. The inactivated enzyme could not be re-activated in the presence of 1 M NaCl. These results suggest that Cibacron Blue 3G-A inactivated hexokinase by an irreversible adduct formation at or near the active-site. Spectral and kinetic studies coupled with an analysis of the 3D representations of model compounds corresponding to the substructures of the blue dye suggest that 1-amino-4-(N-phenylamino)anthraquinone-2-sulphonic acid part of the blue dye may represent the minimum structure of Cibacron Blue 3G-A necessary to bind hexokinase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Fengshi chiropractic therapy for iron deficiency anemia in children (weakness of the spleen and the stomach): an observation of 23 cases

Objective:To observe the clinical curative effect of Fengshi chiropractic therapy for iron deficiency anemia(IDA) in children (weakness of the spleen and the stomach). Methods: 61 cases were divided into the treating group(23 cases)and the control group(38 cases).The treating group was treated with Fengshi chiropractic therapy while the control group taken Ferrous Fumarat masticatory.Results: The totle efficient rate in treating group was 95.65 %,that in the control group was 100 %.There was no significant difference between 2 groups (P 0.05). Conclusion: The therapy for IDA in children (weakness of the spleen and the stomach)with Fengshi chiropractic is prior to Ferrous Fumarat masticatory.
Effect of Different Pollination Varieties on Quality of‘Cuiguan'Pear Fruit

Using‘Cuiguan'pear as material,the effect on quality of‘Cuiguan'pear fruit with different pollination varieties were studied.The results showed that the xenia of‘Cuiguan'pear was significant.‘Cuilyu'pear,‘Qingxiang'pear and‘Huanghua'pear were excellent cultivars of pollination and used in production.
Does lowering plasma homocysteine reduce vascular disease risk

A recent study indicates that lowering homocysteine with folic acid and vitamin 8 8 significantly reduces the incidence of abnormal exercise electrocardiography tests and thus decreases the risk of atherosclerotic disease. Questions about study design and sample size, however, suggest that this conclusion may be premature.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced alterations of lipid metabolism in human monocyte-macrophages

An in vivo atherogenic role of dietary vitamin D has been postulated. To address this hypothesis we sought to determine the in vitro effects of its active circulating metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on lipid metabolism in human monocyte-derived macrophages. When cultured 6 days in the presence of 10(-8) M 1,25(OH)2D3 monocyte-macrophages accumulated significantly more triglycerides than control cells: 987.6 +/- 26.8 vs. 779.3 +/- 24.1 micrograms/mg protein (P less than 0.001). Triglyceride accumulation was associated with a hormone-induced stimulation of triglyceride synthesis as determined by [3H]oleate incorporation into cellular triglycerides. The effect of the hormone was significant after 24 h and dose dependent [10(-11) to 10(-8) M 1,25(OH)2D3]. It was specific since 10(-7) M 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 did not stimulate triglyceride synthesis, and its magnitude decreased from 1 to 9 days of culture. 1,25(OH)2D3 (10(-8) M) modified the cholesteryl ester meta...
Value-based pricing in professional sports

This paper examines the use of value-based pricing by teams in the four major U.S. professional sports: football, baseball, basketball, and hockey. Much of the literature in value-based pricing applies to industrial markets, while professional sports are primarily an individual consumer market. The web sites of all 122 teams in the four major sports were examined to determine the pricing policy for individual home games during the regular-season. A large majority of teams have adopted value-based pricing, and many have adopted the dynamic form of value-based pricing.
Seizure Precipitants and Epilepsy Syndromes

The prevalence of various seizure precipitants in relation to different epilepsy syndromes and patient age and gender was determined by a questionnaire survey of 400 patients attending (Dec 1998-May 1999) the Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
Peptide Hormones, Subcellular Structure

The subcellular structure of peptide hormone-producing cells includes the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, lysosomes, and plasma membrane, which are present in all cells. The parts of the secretory pathway present in all cells, the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, are more predominant in peptide hormone-secreting cells, and in these cells there are specialized subcellular components called secretory granules that store hormones until they are needed.
Flow and neurophysiological responses

Flow has been investigated with many different performing arts groups, and the results demonstrate that heightened flow, also known as optimal performance, is embraced and endorsed by performers. Studies suggest that some individuals are genetically predisposed to experience frequent and elevated flow states. The genetic flow predispositions are strongly associated with a more robust dopaminergic system, one that increases both reward experiences and flow activities. Accumulation of research findings indicates that flow, despite its exhilarating and pleasurable sensation, is actually physiologically stressful. Flow experiences are enhanced by cognitive, motivational, and emotional regions in the brain via the release of neurochemicals such as serotonin. Current protocols to enhance performance flow are underway such as neurofeedback therapy and instituting supportive training environments.
Variability of dissolved organic carbon in precipitation during storms at the Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory

Organic compounds are removed from the atmosphere and deposited to the earth's surface via precipitation. In this study, we quantified variations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in precipitation during storm events at the Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory, a forested watershed in central Pennsylvania (USA). Precipitation samples were collected consecutively throughout the storm during 13 events, which spanned a range of seasons and synoptic meteorological conditions, including a hurricane. Further, we explored factors that affect the temporal variability by considering relationships of DOC in precipitation with atmospheric and storm characteristics. Concentrations and chemical composition of DOC changed considerably during storms, with the magnitude of change within individual events being comparable or higher than the range of variation in average event composition among events. While some previous studies observed that concentrations of other elements in precipitation typically decrease over the course of individual storm events, results of this study show that DOC concentrations in precipitation are highly variable. During most storm events concentrations decreased over time, possibly as a result of washing out of the below-cloud atmosphere. However, increasing concentrations that were observed in the later stages of some storm events highlight that DOC removal with precipitation is not merely a dilution response. Increases in DOC during events could result from advection of air masses, local emissions during breaks in precipitation, or chemical transformations in the atmosphere that enhance solubility of organic carbon compounds. This work advances understanding of processes occurring during storms that are relevant to studies of atmospheric chemistry, carbon cycling, and ecosystem responses.
Factors Influencing American Indian and Alaska Native Postsecondary Persistence: AI/AN Millennium Falcon Persistence Model

The purpose of this review of literature is to identify variables (Hart 1998), relevant to AI/AN postsecondary persistence, and to examine the relationship between findings and postsecondary persistence theories at 2 and 4-year institutions. An exhaustive review with selective citation was used to locate relevant documents. Due to the limited amount of articles found for this review, I included both qualitative and quantitative articles. The factors were organized into four emerging themes including; family support, institutional support, tribal community support and academic performance. Due to the lack of research conducted using measures important to AI/AN persistence, the understanding of factors influencing AI/AN student postsecondary persistence is still somewhat limited.
Affiliated Nonprofit Organizations: Strategic Action and Research Universities

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the growing number of affiliations between research universities and the “affiliated nonprofit organizations” (ANPOs) that exist to support them. We posit that universities’ increasing ties to ANPOs represent strategic responses to unfavorable environmental conditions. In other words, it is likely that the practice of affiliating with many ANPOs reflects an institution’s position within the field of research universities. Panel regression results indicate that the practice of affiliating with large numbers of ANPOs is associated with particular indicators of field position (e.g., tuition revenues for public universities and research spending for private universities). These results indicate that universities that were relative incumbents were more likely to affiliate with ANPOs than were either low-status or the highest-status institutions. The paper concludes with implications for research on institutional stratification, university management, and the nature and role of ANPOs...
Regulation of Hsp70 Function: Hsp40 Co-Chaperones and Nucleotide Exchange Factors

Anfinsen discovered over 30 years ago that the information necessary to dictate the tertiary structure of a protein was contained in the primary amino acid sequence (Anfinsen, 1973). However, Afinsen’s experiments were performed in vitro with dilute solutions of a small globular protein (ribonuclease A), and these conditions are distinct from the highly crowded environment inside a cell where protein conformations vary and protein concentrations may be as high as 300 mg/mL (Zimmerman and Trach, 1991). In fact, most newly synthesized proteins inside a cell would fail to fold efficiently without the assistance of additional “machines.” Important components of these machines are molecular chaperones, and three of the most abundant classes of molecular chaperones are the Hsp70s, Hsp40s, and Hsp90s. In part, the Hsp70 and Hsp40 chaperones prevent protein aggregation and catalyze polypeptide folding because they bind to hydrophobic patches on unfolded or misfolded proteins. Hsp70 function can be regulated by specific Hsp40 partners and by nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs). Hsp90 chaperones are regulated by a distinct group of proteins, and although they also associate with polypeptides, Hsp90s do not bind preferentially to exposed hydrophobic amino acid patches (Joachimiak, 1997).
Biochemical Effects of Pesticides on Mammals

Pesticidal chemicals interact with biochemical mechanisms in cells which can lead to toxicity (if these are vital for the cell) and mortality (if the cells are part of a vital system).
The use of fluorocarbon gases to prevent arcover in DC capacitors

The application of a sufficiently high dc voltage to a dry film capacitor causes failure of the film dielectric or arcover. Many applications use a liquid or wax impregnant to raise the voltage for arcover to an acceptable value. However, our experience has shown that these impregnants are unreliable in capacitors that will be used over a wide temperature range, e. g., −55° to +74°C, and in any orientation. Failure occurs in bubbles or cracks that form in the liquid or wax at low temperature. Bubbles and cracks are avoided if a gas is used as impregnant.
A switched-capacitor-based low-power receiver for electrocardiogram and respiration rate detection

This paper presents an integrated switched-capacitor-based low-power fully-differential analog front-end (AFE) for simultaneously detecting electrocardiogram (ECG) and respiration rate (RR). A current-driven passive mixer is used to up-convert the RR signal, and a preamplifier including a driven-ground common-mode feedback (CMFB) loop amplifies both the ECG and modulated RR signals. The modulated RR signal is then down-converted to baseband to be further amplified and detected. Switched capacitors (SCs) are widely used in the proposed AFE to provide large time constants that are also easily adjustable via the clock frequency. The chip is highly programmable, which enables complex automatic gain control (AGC) algorithms based on using a microcontroller within the loop. The AFE was fabricated in the OnSemi $$0.5\,\upmu \hbox {m}$$ CMOS process. Both simulation and measurement results verify the functionality of the chip for measuring multiple biosignals, including ECG, RR, electromyography (EMG), and galvanic skin response (GSR). Performance metrics are competitive compared to the state of the art.
Analysis of Bundle Throughput Over LTP

Despite the notable progress that has been achieved on long-haul radio and optical communications, which are expected to improve the data transfer rates of future space exploration missions, both scheduled and random link outages remain possible. To improve reliability, NASA’s delay-tolerant networking (DTN) architecture offers the Bundle Protocol (BP) and the Licklider Transmission Protocol (LTP) that implement bundle custodial transfer and automatic repeat query retransmissions. We analyze the performance of these protocols considering the default flow control method of LTP, which limits the number of concurrent sessions. We derive the combined BP and LTP throughput and provide approximations for model parameters that are difficult to find exactly. Event-driven simulations suggest that our analysis is reasonably accurate under different channel conditions and protocol settings. The proposed model provides insight into the role of the channel conditions, the workload, and the choice of BPLTP protocol parameters on the performance of a reliable space link.
Transing Critical Criminology: A Critical Unsettling and Transformative Anti-Carceral Feminist Reframing

Feminist interventions in criminology have interrogated forcefully theories of crime and punishment that otherwise render women and girls invisible. Yet, feminist attention to women’s and girls’ justice-involvement emerges in the same moment in which the carceral state has shapeshifted in gender-sensitized directions, raising pressing questions about how feminist ideals are used to underwrite carceral expansion and what analytical frameworks are best equipped to resist it. Inspired by theoretical innovations within trans frameworks, including transgender, transnational, and transformative intersectional feminist perspectives (Dill and Zambrana 2009; Tudor 2017), this article argues that critical criminology needs to be transed (Balaguera 2018; Tudor 2017) to move closer to its transformative potential. Trans frameworks offer powerful insights to challenge dominant criminological frameworks and to explore feminism’s own complicated relationship to carceral expansion. In this article, I discuss ways that transing critical criminology may help to unsettle binary accounts of gender, harm, justice and punishment, and to reframe abolitionist praxis in innovative anti-carceral feminist directions.
A predictive TRNSYS model for long-term operation of a hybrid ground source heat pump system with innovative horizontal buried pipe type

Abstract This study presents an integrated hybrid ground source heat pump (HGSHP) predictive model assisted by liquid dry cooler (LDC). Combining with a new computational component imported to Transient System Simulation Tool (TRNSYS), the long-term simulation results proves that the HGSHP has better performance comparing to conventional ground source heat pump. In Birmingham, USA area, surrounding soil thermal storage is decreasing over time for both hybrid and conventional systems. After 10 years of simulation, the minimum temperature in the target zone is 12.53 °C for the HGHSP, which is 0.63 °C higher than the value of the conventional GSHP. The coefficient of performance (COP) for the hybrid system could stay at 3.33, which is also better than 3.23 for the conventional system. All the collected data shows that HGSHP integrated with liquid dry cooler plays an important role to maintain the soil thermal storage as well as promoting the overall system performance.
Frequency Event Categorization in Power Distribution Systems Using Micro PMU Measurements

Frequency is an important metric for power stability. To enhance the situational awareness in power distribution systems, this paper proposes a data-driven approach that utilizes the data from micro phasor measurement units ( $\mu $ PMU) to categorize frequency events observed in distribution feeders. The proposed approach has three layers, each of which analyzes if a frequency event is propagated from the transmission system, formed inside a distribution feeder or falsely produced by instantaneous frequency (IF) estimation algorithms, respectively. In the first layer, the Granger causality is utilized to compare the causal relations from measurements across different locations to decide if an event is propagated from the transmission side. In the second layer, a trained sparse coding dictionary is utilized to unmix the physical causes of a frequency event. In the third layer, a moving z-score based event-pair detector is applied to identify if a frequency event is algorithm-induced. The proposed approach is tested using the $\mu $ PMU measurements collected from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and Riverside Public Utility (RPU).
The intimate workings of culture: An introduction:

This Cultural Dynamics Special Issue on “The Intimate Workings of Culture” examines the complex ways power, audience, and imagination are implicated in the social practices and politics of cultural...
Considerations for the Development of Novel Chemotherapies and Antibody Drug Conjugates in Phase I Trials

The notion of using chemicals to treat diseases has been around since the turn of the twentieth century, with early discoveries coming serendipitously. By the 1950s, a Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center (CCNSC) had begun to screen compounds for antitumor activity. It was from this effort that we derive our modern clinical trials methods in oncology as well. Modern chemotherapy is predominantly based on our understanding of the cell cycle, and most active agents interfere with pre-mitotic phases or mitosis. Models such as the “log-kill” hypothesis explained tumor kinetics and were based on leukemia cell growth. Based on this early understanding, chemotherapy was pushed to a maximal tolerated dose (MTD) and this became the benchmark endpoint for early phase clinical trials. The “log-kill” hypothesis proved inadequate for describing behavior of solid tumors. Norton and Simon showed that a Gompertzian curve was more representative of solid tumor kinetics. Based on this observation, chemotherapy “dose-density” was developed with investigators giving less recovery time between cycles of chemotherapy to maximize tumor volume reduction.
Robotic assisted retrovesical approach to prostatic utricle excision and other complex pelvic pathology in children is safe and feasible.

Summary Introduction Excision of the prostatic utricle has been a challenging surgical problem due to the location deep in the pelvis between the rectum and bladder. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery allows minimally invasive access to this location. Objective To describe the robotic surgical outcomes and important techniques associated with robotic excision of the prostatic utricle and explain how these techniques apply to similar pediatric pelvic pathology. Study design Retrospective chart evaluation of patients treated at a single institution with robotic excision of a prostatic utricle as well as two other patients in which the similar approach was employed. Results 4 patients underwent robotic excision of a prostatic utricle. A fifth patient underwent excision of urethral diverticulum that was the remnant of an ectopic ureter. The sixth patient had a high urogenital sinus that required laparoscopic assisted vaginoplasty approached in a similar manner to the above listed cases. Mean age at surgery was 35.5 months for the utricle patients. Mean follow-up duration for the utricle patients was 30.75 months. Average hospital stay for the utricle patients was one day. In the utricle patients one patient developed transient urinary retention and one had a postoperative urinary tract infection. Concomitant cystoscopy used in the two non-utricle patients was a key step in defining the proper location of dissection. Discussion Robotic-assisted laparoscopic retrovesical excision of the prostatic utricle is a safe operation that requires a skill set that can be readily applied to other complex pelvic pathology such as the ectopic ureter, urethral diverticulum, and urogenital sinus. Concomitant cystoscopy can aid significantly in defining the location and limits of dissection.