cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathologic phenotypes of four cases with MAPT P301L mutation (P2.164)

OBJECTIVE: Hereditary tauopathy cases due to mutations in the microtubule-associated protein tau gene (MAPT) fall under the umbrella term of ‘frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17’ (FTDP-17). BACKGROUND: More than 40 different MAPT mutations have been identified, and the P301L mutation is the most common. DESIGN/METHODS: Genealogical, clinical, neuropathological, and genetic data were collected from four unrelated patients with previously-identified MAPT P301L mutation. RESULTS: There were 3 males and one female. Mean age of death was 58.3 years (53-65 years), mean disease duration was 8.5 years (3-12 years). There was a positive family history of dementia in several relatives of all four cases. The first symptoms included behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia in three patients and Parkinsonism (tremor, bradykinesia) in one patient. MAPT haplotype data were available in two patients. One patient was homozygous for H1/H1 and the second patient was heterozygous for H1/H2. The mean brain weight was 1002.5 grams (880-1080 grams); lobar atrophy of frontotemporal distribution was present in all cases. However, in three cases there was severe temporal cortical atrophy with relatively well-preserved hippocampus and amygdala and predominantly gray matter tau pathology. In the remaining case temporal atrophy was mild, and there were many globulhttp://files.abstractsonline.com/SUPT/146/1715/saveContinueButton.gifar glial inclusions in the white matter consistent with globular glial tauopathy (GGT). Immunohistochemistry was positive for 4Rtau in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: he MAPT P301L mutation may lead to different clinicopathologic phenotypes in unrelated patients. Besides cases with predominantly gray matter tau pathology, severe temporal cortical atrophy and absent or mild hippocampus and amygdala atrophy, this mutation can also lead to the GGT pathological phenotype. Study Supported by: NIH/NINDS P50 NS072187 and R01 NS078086, the NIH/NINDSP50 NS072187, the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson9s Research, and gift from Carl Edward Bolch, Jr., and Susan Bass Bolch, and Max Kade Foundation. Disclosure: Dr. Wszolek has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Parkinsonism & Related Disorders and the European Journal of Neurology. Dr. Tacik has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sanchez Contreras has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wojtas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ross has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fujioka has nothing to disclose. Dr. DeTure has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Baker has nothing to disclose. Dr. Brown has nothing to disclose. Dr. Strongosky has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kouri has nothing to disclose. Dr. Murray has nothing to disclose. Dr. Josephs has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rademakers has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ross has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dickson has nothing to disclose.
Respiratory tidal volume responses of cats with chronic pneumotaxic center lesions.

Abstract The respiratory responses of conscious cats upon exposure to hypoxic and hypercapnic gas mixtures were examined. Bilateral lesioning of the pneumotaxic center greatly reduced the tidal volume response to hypercapnia; the tidal volume response to hypoxia was unaffected. Unilateral lesions in the pneumotaxic center were equally effective in diminishing the hypercapnia-induced tidal volumes response. One week after the placement of lesions, experimental animals exhibited tidal volume responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia which did not differ significantly from the responses exhibited by these same animals prior to lesioning. Decerebration resulted in a loss of the tidal volume response to hypercapnia in experimental animals. Upon vagotomy, all animals with bilateral pneumotaxic center lesions and fifty percent of the cats with unilateral pneumotaxic center lesions exhibited apneusis. It is concluded that unilateral or bilateral lesioning of the pneumotaxic area greatly diminishes the tidal volume response to hypercapnia. It is also maintained that other portions of the central nervous, system may compensate for the tidal volume regulating function of the pneumotaxic center.
Work Traumas and Unanticipated Career Transitions

Work traumas and unanticipated career transitions due to lay-offs or firing, personal injury, illness or disability, hostile work environments, discrimination, sexual harassment, and the dissolution of workplace romances or affairs can have a profound impact on an individual’s career course and personal identity. Despite this significant impact, few career counselling or career development theories discuss these types of work traumas in detail and how to help individuals recover, adapt, and thrive despite their circumstances.
The Association between Alcohol and Sexual Risk Behaviors among College Students: A Review

Alcohol use is prevalent among college students and may contribute to sexual risk behavior engagement. A narrative review of the recent empirical literature examining the association between alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors among college student samples was conducted. The purpose of this review was to (a) review studies examining the association between alcohol use and risky sexual behaviors and (b) overview research investigating alcohol expectancies and partner characteristics as factors that may influence the alcohol-risky sex relation among college students. Findings regarding the direct link between alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors were mixed. Results suggest a more nuanced association between alcohol and risky sexual behaviors that is influenced by alcohol expectancies and partner characteristics. Results highlight the importance of considering additional factors that may influence the alcohol-risky sex relation. Future interventions targeting alcohol-related sexual risk behavior engagement among college students are needed.
Wage Bargaining, Inequality, and the Dutch Disease

The theory of the “Dutch Disease” predicts that income from oil and other natural resources produces negative economic consequences through two different mechanisms. The “Resource Movement Effect” suggests that workers leave manufacturing for higher-paying jobs in other sectors. The “Spending Effect” implies that spending resource wealth domestically leads to exchange rate appreciation. The combination of these processes results in the contraction of the export sector. This article explores how, and why, a country’s institutions may prevent the Dutch Disease before it starts. Incorporating insights from the “Varieties of Capitalism” literature, I find that the Dutch Disease is significantly less severe in countries with a high degree of wage bargaining coordination and with low income inequality. The former interrupts the Resource Movement Effect as it limits workers’ incentives to move out of the tradable sector. The latter moderates the Spending Effect because it prevents appreciation of the real exchange rate.
Size and dynamics of microplastic in gastrointestinal tracts of Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) and Sooty Shearwaters (Ardenna grisea).

Abstract We found microplastic in 89.5% of 143 Northern Fulmars from 2008 to 2013 and 64% of 25 Sooty Shearwaters in 2011–2012 that were found dead or stranded on Oregon and Washington beaches. Average plastic loads were 19.5 pieces and 0.461 g for fulmars and 13.3 pieces and 0.335 g for shearwaters. Pre-manufactured plastic pellets accounted for 8.5% of fulmar and 33% of shearwater plastic pieces. In both species, plastic in proventriculi averaged 2–3 mm larger in greatest dimension than in ventriculi. Intestinal plastic in fulmars averaged 1 mm less in greatest dimension than ventricular plastic. There was no significant reduction in pieces or mass of plastic in 33 fulmars held for a median of seven days in a plastic-free environment. Three fulmars that survived to be released from rehabilitation regurgitated plastic, which provided an alternative outlet for elimination of plastic and requires reassessment of the dynamics of plastic in seabird gastrointestinal tracts.
Practice Patterns After Acute Embolic Retinal Artery Occlusion.

PURPOSE To compare stroke evaluations recommended by retina special-ists and neurologists for retinal artery occlusion (RAO). DESIGN A cross-sectional survey. METHODS An anonymous survey was emailed to members of the American Academy of Neurology Stroke Section listserv and vitreoretinal specialists registered with the American Academy of Ophthalmology. The survey was divided based on duration of symptoms before encounter: less than 12 hours, 24-48 hours, and more than 1 week. Institutional review board approval was obtained before data collection. RESULTS Four hundred forty-eight surveys were completed (281 retinologists and 167 neurologists). Within 12 hours of RAO, most neurologists (75%) pursue a hospital-based evaluation, whereas the majority of retinologists (82%) pursue outpatient workup (P < 0.0001). Most neurologists (92%) and retinologists (98%) pursue outpatient stroke workup if symptoms have been present for more than 7 days. CONCLUSIONS Neurologists pursue higher acuity care after RAO, whereas most retinologists order outpatient evaluations. Retina specialists should consider urgent stroke evaluation to mitigate stroke risk factors.
Corrections to “Quantized Consensus by the ADMM: Probabilistic Versus Deterministic Quantizers”

While we prove that the DQ-CADMM either converges or cycles in Theorem 4, it is noted that all the numerical examples reach convergence results. Indeed, the proposed deterministic algorithms converge in most cases, as shown by the following simulation. With the same simulation setting, where p = 1 is chosen for all cases, we consider star graph which has the smallest average degree, randomly generated graph that has intermediate average degree, and complete graph that has the largest average degree for connected networks with N nodes. The result is given in the paper, where y-axis represents the number of cyclic cases in 104 trials. Clearly, the DQ-CADMM and the PQDQ-CADMM with p = 1 converge in most cases, particularly with large networks. Besides, it is worth mentioning that our subsequent work investigates the effect of p on the algorithm's performance and proposes a decreasing strategy which accelerates the algorithm under certain consensus accuracy constraint.
Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C: outcomes and risk factors for failure in phakic open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose To evaluate long-term tonometric outcomes of trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C (MMC) and its efficacy in achieving a range of intraocular pressures (IOP) in phakic patients with open-angle glaucoma. Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Three levels of success were defined by these criteria: (A) IOP ≤18 mmHg and IOP reduction of 20%; (B) IOP ≤15 mmHg and IOP reduction of 25%; and (C) IOP ≤12 and IOP reduction of 30%. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to assess outcomes. Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for failure. Participants Two hundred twenty-five phakic patients (292 eyes) with open-angle glaucoma, ≥40 years of age at time of trabeculectomy. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome was qualified success rate (with or without medications) according to the defined criteria. Secondary outcomes include IOP level and number of medications at 1 and 3 years after surgery, postoperative complications, and need for further glaucoma surgery. Results Mean IOP (±standard deviation) decreased from 18.8 mmHg (±6.1 mmHg) before surgery to 11.3 mmHg (±4.5 mmHg) at 1 year and 11.1 mmHg (±4.2 mmHg) at 3 years ( P P P P = 0.05). Conclusions Trabeculectomy with MMC effectively reduces IOP in phakic open-angle glaucoma, but long-term low IOPs are achieved in only half of the cases. Laser suture lysis after trabeculectomy and prior argon laser trabeculoplasty are associated with a higher risk of failure when low IOPs are required.
Near-to-eye electroholography via guided-wave acousto-optics for augmented reality

Near-to-eye holographic displays act to directly project wavefronts into a viewer’s eye in order to recreate 3-D scenes for augmented or virtual reality applications. Recently, several solutions for near-to-eye electroholography have been proposed based on digital spatial light modulators in conjunction with supporting optics, such as holographic waveguides for light delivery; however, such schemes are limited by the inherent low space-bandwidth product available with current digital SLMs. In this paper, we depict a fully monolithic, integrated optical platform for transparent near-to-eye holographic display requiring no supporting optics. Our solution employs a guided-wave acousto-optic spatial light modulator implemented in lithium niobate in conjunction with an integrated Bragg-regime reflection volume hologram.
Audience Response System Facilitates Prediction of Scores on In-Training Examination.

Objectives: To determine if scores on review quizzes delivered by an audience response system (ARS) correlate with in-training exam (ITE) scores. Methods: Prospective observational study of EM residents at 6 accredited EM residency programs. Subjects included residents who had taken previous in-training examinations. Subjects participated in bimonthly review sessions using an audience response system. Twelve review quizzes were administered, each consisting of 10 multiple choice questions. After the in-training exam, subjects completed an attitudinal survey consisting of six Likert scale items and one “yes/no” item. A mixed linear model was used to analyze the data accounting for prior 2012 in-training exam scores and nesting due to institution. Results: Among 192 participants, data from 135 (70.3%) participants were analyzed. Results from the mixed linear model indicate that the total mean score on the review quizzes was a significant [t(127) = 6.68; p < 0.001] predictor of the 2013 in-training exam score after controlling for the 2012 in-training exam score. 146 participants completed the attitudinal survey. 96% of respondents stated that they would like ARS to be used more often in resident education. Respondents felt the sessions aided in learning (mean 7.7/10), assisted in preparation for the in-training exam (mean 6.7/10), and helped identify content areas of weakness (mean 7.6/10). Conclusion: Our results suggest that scores from review quizzes delivered by an audience response system correlate with in-training exam scores and is viewed positively by residents.
On Forecasting the Demand for E-Commerce

Forecasts indicate that business-to-consumer E-commerce revenue will nearly double each year for the next three to four years. This chapter attempts to verify that these optimistic claims can be plausible. This is done by modeling consumers’ choice of distribution channel and estimating the effects of various demographic factors on consumers’ online shopping behavior for various categories of products. I show that, controlling for demographic factors, both increased experience with the Internet and time trends increase a consumer’s willingness to purchase online. I use these estimates and expected trends in the Internet user population to generate the likely general magnitude of increases in E-commerce. This simulation exercise suggests that the E-commerce forecasts may indeed be realistic.
Application of nanoindentation to characterize creep behavior of oil shales

Abstract In petroleum industry, creep behavior of rocks can affect the fracture conductivity, well productivity and ultimate recovery of the reservoir, in shale formations in particular. To get a better insight into this phenomenon, in this study, we applied grid nanoindentation method as a function of time to quantify creep behavior of shale rocks which is a complex material. The deconvolution results from statistical analysis of the data showed that shale samples could be distinguished by three mechanical phases where the mechanical phase with the largest hardness value exhibits the least creep deformation. Burgers models was applied to characterize the creep behavior of our shale samples. We realized as creep time increases, the creep time constant value increases, therefore, a logarithmic function can be used to quantify their correlations. This study showed that as the creep time increases, Young's modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness will decrease. Finally, we concluded, shale samples become softer and more prone to fracture growth as the creep time increases.
REDOX SYSTEM: IRON(II)-IRON(III) INTERCONVERSION IN OXYGEN-CARRYING PROTEINS

A number of redox reactions involving the interconversion of the iron(II) and iron(III) forms of oxygen-carrying proteins will be discussed. Such studies are important in understanding the loss of oxygen-carrying ability of the protein (by autoxidation) and the conversion of met back into deoxy-form which is continually occurring in normal erythrocytes. (A) Reduction of a large number of metmyoglobin-ligand adducts, Mb + L, by dithionite has been examined. For L = CN − , imidazole (and derivatives), and pyridine (and derivatives) direct attack of SO 2 − on the coordinated ligand is suggested, followed by electron transfer through the π system to the metal ion. For all other adducts, reduction occurs through the dissociated fragment Mb + OH 2 formed by ligand dissociation from Mb + L. (B) An extensive study of the conversion of oxyhemerythrin into met in the presence of anions shows parallelisms with that of oxyhemoglobin (Caughey et al.) in several respects. Reaction rates are first order in the oxy-form, anion and proton. A similar nucleophilicity order for effect of anions is observed. However, unlike oxyhemoglobin, CNO − and N 3 − bleach the oxyhemerythrin color by forming anion adducts with deoxyhemerythrin.
Optical spectroscopy and scintillation mechanisms of CexLa1-xF3.

In this paper we present spectroscopic and scintillation studies of mixed cerium lanthanum trifluoride crystals ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{La}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$. A scintillation mechanism is proposed in which the light output of the ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{La}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ scintillator is determined by three processes: a direct excitation of ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ ions by secondary electrons and x rays, an ionization of ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ ions followed by the capture of electrons and formation of Ce bound excitons and, eventually, a transfer of the energy from the electronic-lattice excitations to ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ ions. These three processes occur in various degrees in all inorganic Ce scintillators, and the mixed (Ce,La) trifluorides provide, therefore, an excellent example of their relative importance. The peculiarity of fluorides is that ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ ions occur in regular and ``perturbed'' sites. The lack of a fast energy migration between the Ce ions and, at the same time, an efficient energy transfer to ``perturbed'' Ce ions lead to nonexponential decays of the Ce emission. Thermal quenching is moderate and radiation trapping can be minimized, and there is no evidence of luminescence concentration quenching. The light output under \ensuremath{\gamma} excitation has a maximum value of about 4500 photons per MeV, which is significantly lower than the estimated conversion-limited value of about 25 000 photons per MeV. It is suggested that the stable ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{2+}$ provides electron traps, competing for electrons with holes localized on ${\mathrm{F}}_{2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ and ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{4+}$ ions. Therefore, mostly one process, namely the direct excitation of ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ ions by secondary electrons and photons, contributes to the light output of ${\mathrm{CeF}}_{3}$. The deomonstrated feasibility of reducing perturbed Ce makes it a strong contender in those applications where high speed, not high light output, is of prime concern.
Operationalization of the Transition to Comfort Measures Only in the Neurocritical Care Unit: A Quality Improvement Project.

Introduction:Transition to comfort measures only (CMO) is common in the neurocritical care unit, and close communication between interdisciplinary health-care teams is vital to a smooth transition....
Barriers to integrating direct oral anticoagulants into anticoagulation clinic care: A mixed‐methods study

Background Outpatient anticoagulation clinics were initially developed to care for patients taking vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin. There has not been a systematic evaluation of the barriers and facilitators to integrating direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) care into outpatient anticoagulation clinics. Methods We performed a mixed methods study consisting of an online survey of anticoagulation clinic providers and semi-structured interviews with anticoagulation clinic leaders and managers between March and May of 2017. Interviews were transcribed and coded, exploring for themes around barriers and facilitators to DOAC care within anticoagulation clinics. Survey questions pertaining to the specific themes identified in the interviews were analyzed using summary statistics. Results Survey responses were collected from 159 unique anticoagulation clinics and 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted. Three primary barriers to DOAC care in the anticoagulation clinic were described by the interviewees: (a) a lack of provider awareness for ongoing monitoring and services provided by the anticoagulation clinic; (b) financial challenges to providing care to DOAC patients in an anticoagulation clinic model; and (c) clinical knowledge versus scope of care by the anticoagulation staff. These themes linked to three key areas of variation, including: (a) the size and hospital affiliation of the anticoagulation clinic; (b) the use of face-to-face versus telephone-based care; and (c) the use of nurses or pharmacists in the anticoagulation clinic. Conclusions Anticoagulation clinics in the United States experience important barriers to integrating DOAC care. These barriers vary based on the clinic size, model for warfarin care, and staff credentials (nursing or pharmacy).
Entrepreneurship in the Digital Era: Creating Your Own Online Business:

Two soon-to-be graduates of the University of Washington, Terry Smith and Jack Jones, sought to become entrepreneurs and create their own online business. They had an innovative idea—a mobile app t...
Impossible Choices: How Workers Manage Unpredictable Scheduling Practices:

A total of 16 percent of hourly workers and 36 percent of workers paid on some other basis experience unstable work schedules due to irregular, on-call, rotating, or split shifts, which negatively ...
The Prognostic Value of the AJCC 8th Edition Staging System for Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer.

The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition staging system for breast cancer has been validated in the upfront surgery setting, but has not been examined for its prognostic impact on patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The National Cancer Data Base was used to identify patients with invasive unilateral breast cancer from 2010 to 2015 who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. AJCC clinical stage classification was compared between the 7th and 8th editions. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of Kaplan–Meier overall survival (OS) was used to determine the predictive fit of the 7th and 8th edition staging in estimating OS. AJCC 7th and 8th clinical staging assignments were applied to 57,466 patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy for stage I–III breast cancer from 2010 to 2015. Overall, 37.5% of patients were downstaged and 27.8% were upstaged from the 7th to the 8th edition classification. Kaplan–Meier curves comparing 7th and 8th edition staging differed in OS rates, with a mean follow-up time of 41.5 months. AJCC 8th edition prognostic staging was a better predictor of OS than 7th edition anatomic staging for both clinical stage [area under the curve (AUC) 0.67 vs. 0.62, p < 0.01] and pathological stage (AUC 0.70 vs. 0.66, p < 0.01). Sixty-five percent of patients have a shift in clinical stage in the AJCC 8th edition. AJCC 8th edition staging has better predictive value for OS than 7th edition staging. While validation of these findings with an independent dataset is needed, 8th edition staging will help improve prognostic modeling in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Environmental Exposures and Asthma in Active Duty Service Members.

Reports of respiratory symptoms, including asthma and hyper-reactive airway disease, have been more numerous in the media and medical literature since active duty service members (SM) began to support campaigns in South West Asia (SWA). Numerous environmental exposures have been reported and this review assesses the available evidence surrounding exposures, confounding conditions, and attempts to develop screening mechanisms. While particulate matter exposures and particularly exposure to burn pits have garnered much attention, a 2010 Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center report and 2011 Institute of Medicine publication did not identify a link between exposure to particulate matter with SM respiratory disease. The “Study of Active Duty Military for Pulmonary Disease related to Environmental Deployment Exposure,” (STAMPEDE) and STAMPEDE II have not identified effective forms of routine screening and these and other sources point to the importance of other factors in SM respiratory disease. These include higher than anticipated rates of tobacco use in deployed settings, impacts of obesity, recurrence of childhood asthma, and of confounding conditions such as Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion. As with the general population, a complex set of clinical inputs and environmental exposures surround asthma and similar respiratory processes in SM. Concrete relationships and mechanisms for assessment continue to be assessed and refined, but clear associations and pathways have remained elusive.
William Kentridge’s Triumphs and Laments: The Challenges and Pleasures of Collaboration

ABSTRACTThis essay traces the artistic collaborations between William Kentridge and two Johannesburg-based printmaking studios: Artist Proof Studio (APS) and the David Krut Print Workshop (DKW). It...
Nucleoid openness profiling links bacterial genome structure to phenotype

ABSTRACT Gene expression requires specific structural alternations in the nucleoid structure to enable the access of the transcription machinery into the genomic DNA. In prokaryotes, DNA binding proteins, including nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) and transcription factors (TFs), drive the change in structure and gene expression. Currently, studies of global NAP and TF binding are often hindered by the lack of appropriate epigenomic tools. Here, we present POP-seq, a method that provides in vivo genome-wide openness profiles of the bacterial nucleoid. We demonstrate that POP-seq can be used to map the global in vivo protein-DNA binding events. Our results highlight a negative correlation between genome openness, compaction and transcription, suggesting that regions that are not accessible to Tn5 transposase are either too compacted or occupied by RNA polymerase. Importantly, we also show that the least open regions are enriched in housekeeping genes, while the most open regions are significantly enriched in genes important for fast adaptation to changing environment. Finally, we demonstrated that the genome openness profile is growth condition specific. Together, those results suggest a model where one can distinguish two types of epigenetic control: one stable, long-term silencing of highly compacted regions, and a second, highly responsive regulation through the dynamic competition between NAPs and RNA polymerase binding. Overall, POP-seq captures structural changes in the prokaryotic chromatin and provides condition-specific maps of global protein-DNA binding events, thus linking overall transcriptional and epigenetic regulation directly to phenotype.
Open-source framework for data storage and visualization of real-time experiments

Digital real time simulators (DRTS) are increasingly being used for the evaluation of power hardware and controller hardware in the laboratory prior to field deployment. Although DRTS are capable of simulating large models in real-time, it is challenging to visualize the results of large models without overdrawing or confounding the viewer. This paper provides an open-source framework for users to visualize their DRTS-based hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experimental results in real-time. This proposed framework can be used by experimental test beds that can push data through an internet protocol based network. The proposed framework includes three main components. First, it includes the DRTS that generates and pushes the data to a relay. Second, it includes an application that serves multiple purposes, from data storage, testing, and translation of the data to a publisher/subscriber protocol. Finally, it includes libraries and applications that can be used to visualize the data by subscribing to the relay. This framework is available in open source, and it is tested using the HIL platform developed for testing advanced distribution management systems.
Corrosion in Liquid Cooling Systems with Water-Based Coolant – Part 1: Flow Loop Design for Reliability Tests

With increasing thermal loads in electronic packages, liquid cooling is a preferred option for superior cooling capability. Closed loop liquid cooling systems with microchannel cold plates have demonstrated superior thermal performance. The widespread adaptation of this technology, however, is subject to long term reliability concerns, especially caused by corrosion with a water-based coolant. Galvanic corrosion, which is caused by the difference in electrode potentials is observed to be the dominant failure mechanism.In this paper, the design and development of flow loops suitable for capturing the corrosion behavior within the loop is discussed. Careful consideration of all components within the loop and the rationales behind the choices are highlighted. The experimental methodology details various sensors and measurements required to assess corrosion development in the loop. Experimental results from the flow loop tests are presented and engineering recommendations are made for flow loop design, choice of working fluid and measurements to be made in-situ. Although there is a clear indication of corrosion progression based on the experimental data of fluid chemistry degradation, no significant impact is observed on thermal performance of the current microchannel cold plate design for the duration of the current test conditions.
Examining the influence school factors have on stimulant misuse among a national sample of adolescents

Over the past decade, nonmedical prescription drug misuse has been a public health concern among adolescents in the United States. One of the main prescription drug classifications commonly used fo...
Business and Human Rights: Seizing the Opportunity

BUSINESS AND HUMAN RIGHTS: SEIZING THE OPPORTUNITY EMPRESAS E DIREITOS HUMANOS: APROVEITANDO A OPORTUNIDADE Steven R. Ratner* RESUMO : Este artigo resultou da palestra magna proferida pelo Professor Steven Ratner na ocasiao da inauguracao do Centro de Direitos Humanos e Empresas, da Faculdade de Direito da UFRGS e da Escola de Direito da Unisinos, que ocorreu no âmbito do “I Seminario Internacional de Direitos Humanos e Empresas: hermeneutica para um mundo transnacional”, organizado pelo Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Direito da UFRGS, em parceria com o Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Direito da Unisinos, por meio virtual, nos dias 24 a 26 de agosto de 2020. O autor oferece uma visao geral dos desenvolvimentos em direitos humanos e empresas (“BHR”) na ultima decada, isto e, uma nocao das reacoes a eles de diferentes partes interessadas e um roteiro de o que esta por vir para um maior desenvolvimento do campo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Empresas. Direitos humanos. Principios em Direitos Humanos e Empresas. Direito internacional publico. Justica Global. ABSTRACT : This article comes from the keynote speech given by Professor Steven Ratner on the occasion of the inauguration of the Center for Human and Business Rights, in the Faculty of Law of UFRGS and the Unisinos Law School, which took place within the scope of the “I International Seminar on Business and Human Rights: hermeneutics for a transnational world”, organized by UFRGS Postgraduate Program in Law, in partnership with Unisinos Postgraduate Program in Law, through virtual means, from August 24 to 26, 2020. The author offers an overview of the developments in business and human rights (“BHR”) in the last decade, a sense of the reactions to them from different stakeholders, and a roadmap of what lies ahead for further development of the field. KEYWORDS: Business. Human rights. Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs). Public international law. Global justice. SUMARIO: I. II. III. IV. V. References. * Bruno Simma Collegiate Professor em Direito na Faculdade de Direito da University of Michigan , e Diretor do Donia Human Rights Center , University of Michigan , em Ann Arbor, nos Estados Unidos da America. Doutor em Direito (JD) por Yale, nos Estados Unidos da America, e Mestre em Direito (MD/Diplome) pelo Institut Universitaire de Hautes Etudes Internationales, em Genebra, na Suica.
Water quality characteristics of tailwater recovery systems associated with agriculture production in the mid-southern US

Abstract In the Lower Mississippi River Basin, tailwater recovery (TWR) systems are water conservation practices implemented to mitigate downstream nutrient losses and alleviate groundwater depletion as supplemental irrigation sources. This study was conducted to characterize water quality within TWR systems and assess the influence of precipitation and fertilizer application events, as well as reservoir levee protection, on water quality. Three TWR systems were selected, and water samples were collected during the growing seasons of 2014–2016. Nitrate (NO3) and dissolved inorganic orthophosphate (DIP) were observed to be significantly lower (p
Chronic Widespread Pain and Fibromyalgia Syndrome

Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is defined as musculoskeletal pain in multiple locations that represents generalized body pain. Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a subset of CWP, characterized with CWP, hyperalgesia, and a host of other functional and mood disturbances, such as fatigue, poor sleep, cognitive problems, depression, and anxiety (Wolfe et al., 1990). Conventionally, CWP and FMS have been treated as overlapping yet somewhat separate illness entities, resulting in two lines of research literature. In this chapter, we will provide a critical review on the disability issues of people with CWP, which include people with FMS. We will include information from research investigating FMS, CWP, or both. Thus, it will be helpful to first present how each condition is conceptualized and assessed.
Review of wafer dicing techniques for via-middle process 3DI/TSV ultrathin silicon device wafers

Dicing of ultrathin (e.g. < 75um thick) “via-middle” 3DI/TSV semiconductor wafers proves to be challenging because the process flow requires the dicing step to occur after wafer thinning and back side processing. This eliminates the possibility of using any type of “dice-before-grind” techniques. In addition, the presence of back side alignment marks, TSVs, or other features in the dicing street can add challenges for the dicing process. In this presentation, we will review different dicing processes used for 3DI/TSV via-middle products. Examples showing the optimization process for a 3DI/TSV memory device wafer product are provided.
Some Results on the Impossibility, Universality, and Decidability of Consensus

A concurrent system consists of processes communicating via shared objects. Examples of shared object types include data structures such as r e g i s t e r , queue, and t r ee , and synchronization primitives such as t e s t ~ s e t , and compaxe~suap. Even though different processes may concurrently access a shared object, the object must behave as if all these accesses occur in some sequential order. More precisely, the behavior of a shared object must be linearizable [9]. One way to ensure linearizability is to implement shared objects using critical sections [5]. This approach, however, is not fault-tolerant: The crash of a process while in the critical section of a shared object can permanently prevent the rest of the processes from accessing that object. This lack of fault-tolerance led to the concept of wait-free implementations of shared objects [11, 16, 7]. Informally, an implementation of a shared object is wait-free if every process can complete every operation on that object in a finite number of its own steps, regardless of the execution speeds of the remaining processes. Thus, a concurrent system in which all implementations of shared objects are wait-free is resilient to process crashes. Most implementations in the literature build complex registers from simpler ones [1, 2, 3, 10, 12, 14, 16, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21], while the others are related to consensus objects [13, 4]. The bigger picture emerged when Herlihy discovered a close connection between wait-free implementations and objects of a particular type called cons ensus 1. In [7], he presented a "universal" construction that transforms the sequential implementation of an object into a wait-free concurrent implementation using only consensus objects and registers. He also showed that analysing primitives in terms of their ability to implement consensus objects helps order primitives
The T/t common region of simian virus 40 large T antigen contains a distinct transformation-governing sequence.

Abstract Simian virus 40 large T antigen (T) can transform cultured cells, but the mechanisms by which it functions are not entirely understood. Several lines of evidence have suggested that the amino-terminal approximately 130 residues of T may be sufficient to confer the transforming capability. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was used to generate a series of deletion and substitution mutants within the amino-terminal 82 residues of T, the segment which is shared with simian virus 40 small t antigen (t). Results of stability and transformation assays of these mutants strongly suggest that the 1-to-82 region of T contains sequences which govern T transforming activity and affect in vivo stability. Instability and a defect in transforming activity could be separated from one another genetically. Thus, the 1-to-82 region appears to contain a specific region that contributes to the transforming function of the protein. This segment operates by means other than the simple binding of pRb and/or p107.
Excitations of Liquid 4He in Disorder

We discuss the effect of disorder and confinement on the excitations in superfluid and normal liquid4He. Neutron scattering measurements of the excitations to date are limited to helium in aerogel. There the phonon-roton energy and width are slightly modified by disorder but there is no evidence for additional excitations at low energy nor of a gap in the phonon energy at long wavelengths. Experimental difficulties are discussed. In a recent path-integral Monte-Carlo study, in which a high density of point impurities are introduced at random positions, a significant broadening and energy shift are found together with additional low-energy excitations.
The Road Less Traveled: From School Teacher to CTO

In this installment of Life in the C-suite, the author interviews Warren Barkley, CTO at SMART Technologies, a Canadian company and leading provider of collaboration technologies for schools and workplaces.
An investigation of regional tectonic strain on water levels in Devils Hole, Death Valley National Park, Nevada

[1] Changes in hydraulic head at Devils Hole due to regional tectonic deformation were estimated using aquifer properties and the volumetric strain field present through the Great Basin in the western United States. Devils Hole is a large fault cavern located along a 15 km spring discharge line in a carbonate-rock aquifer, 240 km west of Las Vegas, Nevada. Geodetic measurements indicate that extensional strain in the Devils Hole area is oriented N 65 W and has a rate of 8 nanostrain/yr. Changes in hydraulic head due to strain were calculated and then used as initial conditions in a calibrated numerical ground-water flow model. Results of this analysis show that tectonic deformation could produce up to 0.02 cm/yr of water-level decline in Devils Hole. However, this rate is relatively small in comparison to rates caused from other factors such as natural recharge and ground-water pumping.
SENSITIVITY OF NEURONES IN APLYSIA TO TEMPORAL PATTERN OF ARRIVING IMPULSES.

1. Experiments were carried out on the isolated ganglia of Aplysia californica to discover whether the precise timing (i.e. the interspike interval distribution and sequence) of a group of spikes entering a neuronal system at a given mean frequency constitutes a variable that is significant in the control of its output. 2. The input consisted of stimulation bursts with different timings but identical mean frequencies applied to one or more afferent trunks. The output (EPSPs or spikes) was monitored with an intracellular micro-electrode placed in the giant cell. 3. Changes in the timing of the input produce definite changes in the magnitude of the output, both in terms of depolarization induced and of spikes evoked. Because of the critical nature of the spike firing threshold, a consistent small increment in depolarization due to favourable timing can be functionally important in the vicinity of the firing level. The following properties contribute to timing-dependence: (i) Temporal summation of successive EPSPs . (ii) Interaction . Each EPSP is characteristically augmented or, more frequently, decreased by those preceding it; linear summation is a special case. The modification in general cannot be predicted from the excitability cycle after one EPSP; interactions between EPSPs of different origins are often irreciprocal; sequence of heterologous inputs is influential. (iii) Post-spike excitability . Responsiveness changes which follow a post-synaptic spike depend on whether it A preceded by others, on their number and timing. 4. Nerve cells were thus found to exhibit a sensitivity to timing that issued from elementary functional attributes. Such sensitivity to timing would be biologically advantageous, especially in areas of sensory convergence, for it provides an additional coding parameter complementing mean frequency modulation. It is still too early to decide whether or not this mechanism is actually important in natural operation, though it appears likely. Supported by a Senior Research Fellowship (J. P. S.) from the National Institutes of Health and by grants from the National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation and Office of Naval Research. Published in abstract form by J. P. Segundo & L. J. Stensaas (1962), Fed. Proc . 21 , 356.
Assessing academic program and department effectiveness using student evaluation data

The use of aggregated student evaluations of their courses and course elements (e.g., subject functionality, affect, difficulty, graded assignments) is suggested as an efficient and useful means of obtaining program and department assessments. Given that the instruments used to collect student evaluations are valid (if they are not, they should not be used for any purpose), then averaging class data is likely to provide a valid and reliable index of program and department effectiveness as evaluated by students.
Asymmetry in grasp force matching and sense of effort

While asymmetries in upper limb force matching have been observed, the mechanisms underlying asymmetry in the sense of effort have not been conceptualized. The aim of this study was to investigate asymmetries in the perception and reproduction of grasp force. Forty-two young adults, 22 right-handed (RH) and 20 left-handed (LH), were, respectively, divided into three groups according to differences between their right and left-hand strength (left stronger than right, right stronger than left and right & left equivalent). A reference force, representing 20% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) produced by the right or left hand, was matched with same hand (Ipsilateral Remembered—IR) or opposite (Contralateral Remembered—CR) hand. The matching relative error was 92% (for RH) and 46% (for LH) greater in the CR than IR condition. Asymmetries in matching were significant for RH participants only in the CR condition and were dependent on right/left differences in hand strength as shown by the constant error (CE). For this RH population, right-hand overshoot of the left-hand reference and left-hand undershoot of the right-hand reference were significant when the right hand was stronger than the left. Asymmetry remained significant when CE was normalized (%MVC). Asymmetry was reduced when the strength of each hand was equivalent or when the left hand was stronger than the right. These findings suggest that effort perception is asymmetric in RH but not in LH individuals. The hand x strength interaction indicates that asymmetry in force matching is a consequence of both a difference in the respective cortical representations and motor components, which confer a different “gain” (input–output relationship) to each system. The similarity with position sense asymmetry suggests that the gain concept may be generalized to describe some functional/performance differences between the two hand/hemisphere systems. The more symmetrical performance of the LH than RH group underlines that context specific influence of handedness, hemisphere dominance and hemispheric interactions modulate performance symmetries/asymmetries.
Recurrent polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: the real thing or a soapy explanation?

m o w b m w b a u A51-YEAR-OLD, 144.4-lb, 168-cm man was admitted to the authors’ hospital for the treatment of bilateral breast eriductal mastitis with fistulas and a right breast abscess. he patient had been homeless until very recently and did ot receive routine medical care as a result. He chronically bused tobacco and alcohol, but he denied any major medcal sequelae from these activities. He reported a family istory of coronary artery disease, but his cardiovascular eview of systems was unremarkable. The cardiac and pul-
Killing 3 birds with one course: service learning, professional writing, and project management (abstract only)

Service learning is a great idea, but can be fraught with problems. We have taken an alternative to the project-course approach. Instead of team-based system-development, we use a student-consultant model. Students individually consult with a nonprofit.Each student leads a small technology project that brings about sustainable change in an organization, while developing analysis, planning, and communication skills. One instructor can manage 30 clients a semester, and we have had nearly 400 to date. Our clients are happy and recruit others.In this session we will share our tricks and help attendees adapt them to their situations: managing a large number of partnerships, helping students develop leadership and communication skills, and assessing their performance. A student presenter will describe her consulting experience.
Hormone-activated expression of the C-type RNA tumour virus genome.

THE concept of vertical transmission of specific viral information, particularly that possibly associated with the induction of malignancy in mice has been postulated. Moreover, it has been hypothesized that this genetic information may be expressed either in the form of whole virus in certain selected laboratory animal strains or as the operon involved in regulating cellular replication (oncogene)1. To detect this proposed genetically transmitted message, one uses a group specific antisera against the C-type RNA tumour viruses having as one of its components, gs-3, first described by Gerring et al.2. A similar group specific antigen has subsequently been reported by Schafer3, Gilden4 and Sarma et al.5, and designated “interspec”, meaning that the antigen is common to the internal components of the C-type RNA virion of several mammalian species.