cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Postextraction changes in the adult mandible as illustrated by microradiographs of midsagittal sections and serial cephalometric roentgenograms

Abstract 1. 1. Bone is a living tissue of varying size, shape, and density and is subject to constant remodeling throughout life. 2. 2. It is helpful in research, teaching, and patient care to classify adult mandibles into 6 orders of anatomic form: I, pre-extraction; II, postextraction; III, high, well-rounded residual ridge; IV, knife-edge residual ridge; V, low, well-rounded residual ridge; VI, depressed residual ridge. 3. 3. Microradiography of thin sections of bone shows clearly the variations in form and degree of mineralization of the various elements of bone. 4. 4. Microradiography of midsagittal sections of 21 edentulous mandibles revealed external resorption and an absence of periosteal bone on the residual ridges in all specimens. 5. 5. Evidence of mild to moderate osteoporosis was seen in one half of the specimens (average age of this group, 76 years). 6. 6. There are many avenues for the study of resorption of residual ridges. The possible roles of a constricting mucoperiosteum and of surgical technique are discussed.
Continuous Fields of C*-Algebras Coming from Group Cocycles and Actions.

Recently I have been attempting to formulate a suitable C*-algebraic framework for the subject of deformation quantization [-3, 19]. Continuous fields of C*-algebras provide one of the key elements for this framework. The main examples of deformation quantizations which I have constructed up to now in this C*-algebra framework come from letting either cocycles on groups, or actions of groups, vary. It has thus become necessary to show that one obtains in this way fields of C*-aigebras that are indeed continuous. Since this material is of a general nature, and can be useful in other situations [4-6, 11-13] it has seemed appropriate to give a separate exposition of it, in the present article. Section 1 of this article contains a review of the published results on continuous fields which we will need, as well as a discussion of the fact that the approach which we will take involves treating upper and lower semi-continuity separately. In Sect. 2 we discuss the continuity of fields of C*-algebras which arise from varying cocycles on groups, while in Sect. 3 we do the same for actions which vary.
Pd(PhCN)(2)Cl(2)/P(t-Bu)(3): a versatile catalyst for Sonogashira reactions of aryl bromides at room temperature.

Pd(PhCN)2Cl2/P(t-Bu)3 serves as an efficient and a versatile catalyst for room-temperature Sonogashira reactions of aryl bromides.
Periphyton growth on submerged artificial substrate as a predictor of phytoplankton response to nutrient enrichment

Net-pen aquaculture provides the large quantities of fish needed to supplement an increasing consumer demand, but it is also a source of nutrient enrichment to the surrounding ecosystem. Nutrient enrichment can result in measurable increases in phytoplankton growth, but in flowing water, such measurements are difficult and may not be appropriate. An increased awareness of the link between hypernutrification and increased prevalence of nuisance algal blooms heighten this concern. We present a method based on standard lipidology techniques that uses periphyton growth as an indicator of phytoplankton response to nutrient enrichment. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) measurements of phototrophic biomass were used to determine phytoplankton and periphyton response to nutrient stimuli and periphyton growth rates at field sites near net-pen aquaculture facilities. Laboratory trials showed that phytoplankton and periphyton communities responded similarly to both nutrient-sufficient and nutrient-limiting conditions. When sufficient nutrients were present, both phytoplankton and periphyton biomass did not increase during two-day incubations. The addition of plant nutrients during periods of nutrient limitation induced increases of 122 to 175% in phytoplankton biomass and 139 to 221% in periphyton biomass. The similarity in response suggests that the periphyton response would be an accurate descriptor of phytoplankton response. Preliminary field studies showed that reproducible periphyton growth rates (coefficient of variation <10%) were obtained at growth rates greater than 20.0 ng Chl a cm−2 day−1. Periphyton growth rates ranged from 6.0 to 80.0 ng Chl a cm−2 day−1, and were locally enhanced (2.5× that of ambient station) down-current of a freshwater net-pen.
Protostars and outflows in the NGC 7538 IRS 9 cloud core

New high-resolution observations of HCO+ J = 1 → 0, H13CN J = 1 → 0, SO (22 → 11), and continuum with BIMA at 3.4 mm show that the NGC 7538 IRS 9 cloud core is a site of active, ongoing star formation. Our observations reveal at least three young bipolar molecular outflows, all ~10,000-20,000 yr old. IRS 9 drives a bipolar extreme high-velocity outflow observed nearly pole-on. South of IRS 9 we find a cold protostellar condensation with a size of ~14'' × 6'' and a mass of more than 250 M☉. This is the center of one of the outflows and shows deep redshifted self-absorption in HCO+, suggesting that there is a protostar embedded in the core, still in a phase of active accretion. This source is not detected in the far-infrared, suggesting that the luminosity is less than 104 L☉; yet, the mass of the outflow is ~60 M☉. The redshifted HCO+ self-absorption profiles observed toward the southern protostar and IRS 9 predict accretion rates of a few times 10-4 to 10-3 M☉ yr-1. Deep VLA continuum observations at 3.6 cm show that IRS 9 coincides with a faint thermal VLA source, but no other young star in the IRS 9 region has any detectable free-free emission at a level of ~60 μJy at 3.6 cm. The HCO+ abundance is significantly enhanced in the hot IRS 9 outflow. A direct comparison of mass estimates from HCO+ and CO for the well-characterized redshifted IRS 9 outflow predicts an HCO+ enhancement of more than a factor of 30, or [HCO+/H2] ≥ 6 × 10-8.
Prophylactic Intravenous Amphotericin B in Neutropenic Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients

This study assessed the efficacy, toxicity, and pharmacology of low-dose amphotericin B given prophylactically to patients (serum concentrations of 0.2-0.4 microgram/ml) undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Yeast isolates from patients' oropharyngeal areas had MICs of 0.1-0.2 microgram/ml, and none were amphotericin B resistant. The effect of low-dose amphotericin B on reducing the numbers of yeast colonizing the oropharyngeal area was significant (P less than .01). The average delay in switching to high-dose prophylactic amphotericin B was only 1 day; the decision to do so because of a perceived fungal infection occurred more frequently for the placebo group (P = .06). Fewer patients from the low-dose amphotericin B group (8.8%) than from the placebo group (14.3%) had fungi isolated from normally sterile body sites (P = .35). Infusion-related side effects but not systemic toxicities were significantly greater (P less than .001) in the amphotericin B group. The 6-week survival was greater in those receiving amphotericin B (P less than .03), but the improved survival could not be attributed to the prevention of fungal infections.
Mood fluctuations in female multiple sclerosis patients

Twelve female multiple sclerosis (MS) patients completed mood checklists twice weekly for eight weeks. Chain P-technique factor analysis identified three dimensions of mood fluctuation, two of which corresponded to those reported for other populations. High correlations between self-rated physical health and the three affect dimensions were consistent with the contention that disease activity is a major determinant of MS patients’ emotional distress.
A system for sculpting 3-D data

A major research area in 3-D computer graphics is the inputting of complex descriptions. This paper describes our current attempt at solving that problem: creation of a sculptor's studio-line environment in which the user is provided with various tools to shape, cut and join objects. The emphasis of the implementation has been on naturalness and habitability. The issues involved in designing such a system, especially in a minicomputer-based color raster-scan animation environment, are discussed. The basic algorithms are described in some detail and a fast efficient implementation of a hidden-line algorithm is explained.
Spatial variation of structural hierarchy in injection molded PVDF and blends of PVDF with PMMA. Part II. Application of microbeam WAXS pole figure and SAXS techniques

Abstract The influence of blend composition on the processing–structure–property relationships in injection molded PVDF and blends of PVDF with PMMA was investigated. Local crystalline order and chain orientation were studied using newly developed microbeam wide angle X-ray pole figure camera. The depth profiling of lamellar texture was investigated using SAXS combined with microtomy. These techniques provided a general picture on the macro and microstructural spatial gradients developed in the injection molded parts as influenced by the process condition and the composition of the blends. The injection molded PVDF samples were found to exhibit a typical three layer morphology. The skin layer is formed as a result of the extensional flow with dominant c -axis orientation along the flow direction (FD). The crystal lamellae in this region are mainly extended in the direction perpendicular to the FD. The “shear zone” formed under the shear flow possesses “shish–kebab” structure. The “shish” structure is formed under high shear stress with “kebab” lateral overgrowth that occurs at subsequent stages. The chains in the shear zone are highly oriented in the FD with the local symmetry axis slightly tilted inwards towards the core. This tilt angle tends to be the largest at the interior portions of the shear crystallized zone essentially following an approximate parabolic profile indicating that this feature of the structure is established by the spatial variation of the flow kinematics during injection. The microbeam X-ray pole figure results indicate that the a - and b -axes of the α crystals are distributed in a plane close to the ND–TD plane in the skin and shear zone. The level of orientation gradually decreases towards the mid symmetry plane at the interior of the samples from the slow cooling that takes place in these regions. The addition of small amount of diluent PMMA was found to enhance the chain orientation levels in the PVDF. This was attributed to the increase of melt viscosity as well as reduction of “self” entanglements of the crystallizable PVDF chains.
The state of the art— long range economic and manpower forecasting

Abstract This paper discusses the present state of the art in long range economic and manpower forecasting. The problem of comprehensive long range forecasting is viewed as one of integrating classical econometric forecasting models with detailed interindustry and manpower models. Major attention is given here to the problem of output conversion— translating aggregate econometric forecasts into industry detail—and the manner in which this is accomplished in the major U.S. forecasting models. Problems involved in projecting input-output coefficients and labor productivity are analyzed and some serious deficiencies in U.S. occupational data are identified.
DIVINE NARCISSISM AND YAHWEH'S PARENTING STYLE

Theologians like Blumenthal, Brueggemann, and Chastain have recently stressed the abusive and sometimes capricious nature of Yahweh's actions toward his people, at times using studies of present-day child abuse to bolster their case. Predictably, such indictments of Yahweh have met with considerable resistance. This paper assesses the proposed analogy between Yahweh's behavior and that of abusive parents, by making more extensive use of the psychological literature on child abuse and trauma. The discussion also moves in a new direction, by employing recent research on narcissistic parenting to analyze Yahweh's behavior as father (and mother) to his "special" child Israel and his unique son Job. Passages in which Yahweh is said to love or hate his human children are examined in terms of psychological studies of parental ambivalence, narcissism and emotional "splitting." The final section of the paper examines the relationship between Yahweh's own lack of a family history and his narcissism, in part by comparing the unique and parentless divine king Yahweh with the Egyptian god Amun. The paper concludes by contrasting the single parent Yahweh with Assmann's characterization of ancient polytheisms, and asking whether monotheism itself is the most dramatic example of divine royal narcissism.
Heavy isotopes to avert ageing

Oxidative modifications of cellular components by free radicals are thought to be the cause of ageing and age-associated diseases. Extensive prior research has aimed to lessen such damage by counteracting the free-radical oxidizers with antioxidants, but there have been no attempts to protect the oxidizer-targeted biomolecules by making them more stable against oxidation. A recent paper describes an original and promising method based on the use of non-radioactive heavy isotopes, which might enable living cells to resist the free-radical oxidation and consequently allow us to live a healthier, longer life.
Adaptive snakes: control of damping and material parameters

The stability of active contour models or 'snakes' is studied. It is shown that the modification of snake parameters using adaptive systems improves both the stability of the snakes and the boundaries obtained. The adaptive snakes perform better with images of varying contrasts, noisy images and images with different curvatures along the boundaries. The computational costs at each iteration for the adaptive snakes is still of order N, where N is the number of points on the snakes. Comparisons of the results for non-adaptive and adaptive snakes are shown using both computer simulations and satellite images.
Interlamellar Transition Mechanism in Model Membranes

Time-resolved X-ray diffraction was used to monitor structure changes during a partial lamellar liquid crystal (smectic A)/lamellar gel (smectic B) transition in lipid multilayer vesicles in response to small pressure oscillations covering 4 decades in frequency. The data suggest that hydrocarbon chain ordering/disordering is tightly coupled to changes in lamellar unit cell length that occur during the phase change and are consistent with a bidirectional layer-by-layer transition mechanism best described by the Kolmogorov−Avrami kinetic model having an effective dimensionality of 1.
The Story of the Initial dip in fMRI

Over the past 20 years much attention has been given to characterizing the spatial accuracy of fMRI based signals and to techniques that improve on its co-localization with neuronal activity. While the vast majority of fMRI studies have always used the conventional positive BOLD signal, alternative contrast options have demonstrated superior spatial specificity. One of these options surfaced shortly after the initial BOLD fMRI demonstrations and was motivated by optical imaging studies which revealed an early signal change that was much smaller but spatially more specific than the delayed positive response. This early signal change was attributed to oxygenation changes prior to any subsequent blood flow increases. After observation of this biphasic hemodynamic response in fMRI, because this early response resulted in a small MR signal decrease prior to the onset of the large signal increase, it became known as the "initial dip". While the initial dip in fMRI was subsequently reported by many studies, including those in humans, monkeys, and cats, there were conflicting views about the associated mechanisms and whether it could be generalized across brain regions or species, in addition to whether or not it would prove fruitful for neuroscience. These discrepancies, along with the implications that the initial dip might increase the spatial specificity of BOLD fMRI from 2 to 3mm to something more closely associated with neural activity, resulted in lot of buzz and controversy in the community for many years. In this review, the authors provide an account of the story of the initial dip in MR based functional imaging from the Minnesota perspective, where the first demonstrations, characterizations, and applications of the initial dip commenced.
Tritium inventory prediction in a CANDU plant

Abstract The flow of tritium in a CANDU nuclear power plant was modeled to predict tritium activity build-up. Predictions were generally in good agreement with field measurements for the period 1983–1994. Fractional contributions of coolant and moderator systems to the environmental tritium release were calculated by least square analysis using field data from the Wolsong plant. From the analysis, it was found that: (1) about 94% of tritiated heavy water loss came from the coolant system; (2) however, about 64% of environmental tritium release came from the moderator system. Predictions of environmental tritium release were also in good agreement with field data from a few other CANDU plants. The model was used to calculate future tritium build-up and environmental tritium release at Wolsong site, Korea, where one unit is operating and three more units are under construction. The model predicts the tritium inventory at Wolsong site to increase steadily until it reaches the maximum of 66.3 MCi in the year 2026. The model also predicts the tritium release rate to reach a maximum of 79 KCi/yr in the year 2012. To reduce the tritium inventory at Wolsong site, construction of a tritium removal facility (TRF) is under consideration. The maximum needed TRF capacity of 8.7 MCi/yr was calculated to maintain tritium concentration effectively in CANDU reactors.
Roles of sodium and potassium ions on p-aminohippurate transport in rabbit kidney slices.

Abstract This investigation was principally undertaken to test the ionic gradient hypothesis as applied to active p- aminohippurate uptake in the rabbit kidney cortical slice preparation. Efflux of p- aminohippurate from the slice was shown to be independent of external Na+ concentration. Transferring slices from a low sodium preincubation to a high sodium incubation medium containing p- aminohippurate increased intracellular concentrations of both Na+ and K+, and p- aminohippurate accumulation occurred. Transferring slices from a low sodium preincubation to a high sodium incubation medium containing ouabain and p- aminohippurate resulted in a net increase in intracellular Na+ concentration but no p- aminohippurate accumulation occurred. Different combinations of preincubation and incubation media gave a high to low array of intracellular Na+ concentrations and these directly reflected their respective p- aminohippurate uptake. These results suggest that the Na+-gradient hypothesis does not adequately explain the transport of organic acids in rabbit kidney. These results also suggest that Na+ possibly has an intracellular role through its stimulation of (Na + + K + )-ATPase channeled to energizing the p- aminohippurate accumulative mechanism.
Model for Ultrasound‐Assisted Lumbar Puncture Training

Lumbar puncture is an important diagnostic procedure in emergency medicine. Data have been published showing improved success rate with ultrasound assistance and the ability of emergency medicine physicians to recognize sonographic lumbar spinous anatomy. However, with educational models and the push for improved patient safety, procedural skills should be practiced on phantoms rather than the “see one, do one, teach one” of the past. There are no currently available phantoms for ultrasound-assisted lumbar puncture training. We have produced a phantom that can be used to train physicians on ultrasound-assisted lumbar puncture with respect to both imaging and procedural competency. A plastic fluid-filled bladder was immersed in gelled opacified mineral oil, a safe and easily used tissue mimic that obscures direct visualization of structures. Spinous anatomy is replicated with the use of wooden struts supporting wooden disks that mimic lumbar spinous processes. The spine analog was mounted over the plastic bladder and surrounded with gelled mineral oil. The phantom produces images similar to human lumbar anatomy. The phantom allows insertion of spinal needles into the “interspinous spaces” with inability to pass the needle outside of those locations. Fluid collection and repeated punctures can be performed on the phantom. Appearance and performance of the phantom were evaluated by physicians with expertise in ultrasound-assisted lumbar puncture. The only limitation is that external appearance is not realistic. This model performs well, is made from readily available materials, and can be used to train physicians in ultrasound-assisted lumbar puncture.
Modeling of a Hybrid-Hydraulic Electric Vehicle

This paper introduces modeling of a gearless hydraulic transmission system that provides an infinite speed ratio like continuous variable transmission (CVT). The transmission system is modeled in various operating conditions such as all-electric and gasoline configurations. The results demonstrate the high performance operation of the transmission system.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Potassium fertilization of chrysanthemums using a constant-drip fertilizer solution

The K intensity in the soil was maintained adequate for chrysanthemum growth by applying a fertilizer solution containing K at 5 × 10-4 M/1 in a constant-drip fertilization system. A 10-fold increase or decrease changed the uptake of K probably because the soil solution was not in equilibrium with the fertilizer solution. Changing the concentration of K in the fertilizer solution also caused a reduction in Ca, Mg, P, and N absorbed by the plant.
Molecular Mechanisms in Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Chronic venous disease (CVD) is common. Its manifestations include varicose veins; skin changes such as dermatitis, hyperpigmentation, and lipodermatosclerosis; and chronic leg ulcers. Recent advances in the understanding of its pathophysiology have shown how molecular mechanisms in the inflammatory cascade are involved in these diverse findings. Venous hypertension and associated fluid shear stress alterations on the endothelial surface may initiate this cascade and may lead to adverse changes in the venous wall, venous valves, and skin that can eventually result in varicose veins and in venous ulcers.
Cryogenic propellant prestart conditioning for NLS

An overview is presented of a candidate National Launch System (NLS) passive cryogenic propellant prestart conditioning system that offers a stable propellant thermal environment and minimum system complexity. A 2D, multinode model utilizing real fluid properties was developed. This model predicts flow recirculation due to thermal gradients by assuming vertical cold and warm opposing flow streams produced by density differential.
The Effects of the Method of Payment and the Type of Offer on Target Returns in Mergers and Tender Offers

This paper re-examines the effects of the method of payment and type of offer on target abnormal returns around the takeover announcement, controlling for the target firm's institutional ownership. Previous studies suggest the difference in announcement-period target returns between cash offers and stock exchange offers can be explained by the difference in capital gains tax liabilities of the target shareholders and/or the difference in the information effect of the method of payment. The empirical results indicate no relation between bid premiums (or target abnormal returns) and institutional ownership of the target firm in cash offers and a systematic difference in target returns between mergers and tender offers even after controlling for the method of payment. These results are inconsistent with both the tax hypothesis and the information effect hypothesis. The evidence suggests the likelihood of future competition might be higher in tender offers than in mergers.
Schottky Barrier Height of Nickel Silicide Contacts Formed on $\hbox{Si}_{1 - x}\hbox{C}_{x}$ Epitaxial Layers

Embedded Si1 - xCx source/drain junctions are currently considered to achieve electron mobility enhancement in nMOSFETs by inducing uniaxial tensile strain in the channel region. To utilize the mobility advantage of this technology, it is imperative to form low-resistivity contacts to Si1 - xCx alloys. In this letter, the electron and hole barrier heights at the NiSi/Si1 - xCx interface were measured up to a carbon concentration of 1.2%. The results indicate that the NiSi Fermi level moves away from the valence-band edge with increasing carbon concentration such that the hole barrier height increases by 68 meV in spite of the upward movement of the valence band. Within the same carbon concentration range, the electron barrier height decreases by as much as 170 meV, which is significant considering the exponential dependence of contact resistivity on barrier height.
Oxidation of styrene popcorn polymer

Studies have been made of the oxidation of styrene popcorn polymer that was grown on butadiene popcorn seed. It was found that the solubility of the polymer increased after oxidation. This solubility was studied as a function of both temperature and butadiene content of the polymer. Oxidation of the styrene-on-butadiene popcorn occurs at the carbon atoms alpha to a double bond in the butadiene portion of the polymer. This is followed by scission of the structure and the separation of linear atactic soluble polystyrene chains.
Group theoretical aspects of constants of motion and separable solutions in classical mechanics

Abstract The aim of this paper is to establish the group nature of all separable solutions and conserved quantities in classical mechanics by analyzing the group structure of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. It is shown that consideration of only classical Lie point groups is insufficient. For this purpose the Lie-Backlund groups of tangent transformations, rigorously established by Ibragimov and Anderson, are used. It is also shown how these generalized groups induce Lie groups on Hamilton's equations. The generalization of the above results to any order partial differential equation, where the dependent variable does not appear explicitly, is obvious. In the second part of the paper we investigate a certain class of admissible operators of the time-independent Hamilton-Jacobi equation of any energy state including the zero state. It is shown that in the latter case additional symmetries may appear. Finally, some potentials of physical interest admitting higher symmetries are considered.
Twin Temperament during the Transition from Infancy to Early Childhood

A multiple regression model for the analysis of twin data in which one twin's score is predicted from that of its co-twin, the coefficient of relationship, and the interaction term provides direct estimates of heritability (h 2 ) and the proportion of variance due to shared environmental influences (c 2 ). Several multiple-regression models were fitted to parental ratings of infant and toddler temperament for 306 pairs of twins. High estimates of h 2 were found for eight of the nine temperament scales, and three scales showed significant effects of c 2 . No differential heritability was found between males and females across the infant and toddler years.
Ultrasound Can Accurately Guide Gastrostomy Tube Replacement and Confirm Proper Tube Placement at the Bedside

Background: Malfunctioning or dislodged gastrostomy tubes (G-tubes) often require urgent replacement and reinsertion in the Emergency Department (ED). Few data exist regarding the best technique for bedside catheter replacement and verification, and individual operator preferences vary. Although a few reports have described the use of ultrasound guidance during the initial percutaneous insertion, no data are available concerning its role during subsequent G-tube replacements. Objective: We sought to investigate the utility of bedside ultrasonography during G-tube replacements in the ED. Methods: This was a prospective pilot study conducted at a Level 1 Trauma Center with an annual census of 90,000 patients. Seven adults and three children with malfunctioning G-tubes were enrolled. Three tubes were cracked and leaking, and seven tubes had been dislodged. Under ultrasound, a new G-tube was inserted through the previously fashioned tract. After insertion, color Doppler was applied over the catheter tip to enhance visualization during gentle tube oscillation. Results: Ultrasound successfully visualized G-tube replacement in all 10 patients. Application of color Doppler over the G-tube tip during catheter oscillation enhanced placement confirmation. Sonographic findings were corroborated with gastric content aspiration, contrast-enhanced radiographs, and successful use of the new G-tubes. No false tracts were identified during ultrasound-guided insertion, post-procedure sonographic confirmation, or subsequent radiographs. Conclusion: The improper replacement of a G-tube can lead to devastating consequences. Verifying appropriate placement through aspirate evaluation can be misleading, and post-procedure radiographs increase radiation exposure and ED wait times. Bedside ultrasonography can be used to guide catheter insertion while providing a safe and quick adjunct to confirm proper G-tube placement.
Time scale decomposition of linear implicit singularly perturbed systems

An implicit singularly perturbed system \dot{x} = A(\epsilon)x , where A(0) is singular, is considered. This note presents an algorithm for decomposing the system into a set of isolated subsystems at different time scales. The decomposed form of the system is used to construct a uniform asymptotic approximation to \exp (A(\epsilon)t) .
Static Phenomena Near Critical Points: Theory and Experiment

This paper compares theory and experiment for behavior very near critical points. The primary experimental results are the "critical indices" which describe singularities in various thermodynamic derivatives and correlation functions. These indices are tabulated and compared with theory. The basic theoretical ideas are introduced via the molecular field approach, which brings in the concept of an order parameter and suggests that there are close relations among different phase transition problems. Although this theory is qualitatively correct it is quantitatively wrong, it predicts the wrong values of the critical indices. Another theoretical approach, the "scaling law" concept, which predicts relations among these indices, is described. The experimental evidence for and against the scaling laws is assessed. It is suggested that the scaling laws provide a promising approach to understanding phenomena near the critical point, but that they are by no means proved or disproved by the existing experimental data.
Motivational Patterns of a Select Group of Adult Evening College Students

AbstractThe motivational patterns of a select group of seventy adult evening college students were examined with the Motivational Analysis Test (MAT). Of the ten dynamic structures measured by the MAT, only the Mating Erg proved to be a significant (p > 01) variable in the motivational pattern, but Career Sentiment was observed to be a strong motive (p > 10) in the evening student. Apparently, the motives of wives and sweethearts exert a great influence upon the success or failure of these students.
The Lipolytic Analysis of the Duodenal Contents

1. A simple, clinical method of lipolytic analysis is described, applicable to duodenal contents, and employing the principle of serial dilutions with tributyrin as a substrate. 2. The results of fifty intubations on normal subjects are reported to serve as a standard of reference.
Effect of substrate dimensions on dynamics of ultrasonic consolidation

Abstract An FEM model is developed for a fundamental study of the time-dependent mechanical behavior of the substrate and its dimensions on ultrasonic consolidation. The simulation shows that for a given vibration condition, the amplitude of contact friction stress and displacement stabilizes to a saturated state after certain number of ultrasonic cycles. With the increased substrate height, the amplitude of contact frictional stress decreases, while that of contact interface displacement increases. The reason for the decrease in the frictional stress at the contact interface for certain substrate heights is the complicated wave interference occurring in the substrate. An analytical wave model has been built to validate the FEM model. A specific substrate geometry (height:width = 1.0) generates a minimum frictional strain state at the interface as a result of wave superposition. Such minimum strain state is believed to have produced the “lack of bonding” defect for the geometry. The energy density and transfer coefficient at the contact interface with different substrate heights is used as an indicator to correlate with the bond formation in ultrasonic bonding.
High titer glucagon antisera.

Antibody titers in rabbits immunized with glucagon conjugated to albumin using difluorodinitrobenzene rose rapidly. Under conditions of immunoassay, less than 2 nl of serum from two of four animals and approximately 4 nl from the other two was required to bind 50% of 10 pg of [125I]iodoglucagon 100 days after immunization. The dissociation constants of the two higher titer antisera for glucagon were approximately 1 × 10−10M, and their binding capacities for the hormone, about 50 µg/ml. Competitive binding assays showed that neither of these antisera cross-reacts with the glucagon-like, immunoreactive peptides extracted from intestine to greater than 2.5%. In contrast, hens produced antisera which were reactive with the intestinal material and which bound only 0.3 µg of glucagon per ml. There were no consistent differences, however, in the abilities of specific and nonspecific antisera to react with selected fragments of pancreatic glucagon. (Endocrinology 100: 367, 1977)
Evaluation of a specially coated concave diffraction grating in the vacuum ultraviolet

A 21-ft original concave diffraction grating, ruled in aluminum and blazed for 5500 A, has been overcoated with a 1000-A layer of aluminum followed by a 265-A layer of magnesium fluoride. The relative grating efficiency has been evaluated in spectral orders 2 through 6 at 1335 A. It was found that the efficiency was increased 12 times at 1335 A (4th order) and 20 times at 1215 A (5th order). The blaze was considerably sharper after coating than before coating. No impairment in resolving power resulted.
Neuro-audiological abnormalities in patients with temporal lobe tumors

Abstract A battery of neuro-audiological tests was given to 11 patients with unilateral tumors of the temporal lobe. Tests of central auditory function included low-pass filtered speech discrimination, binaural resynthesis of segmented speech, alternate and simultaneous-binaural speech discrimination, and competing sentence discrimination tests. Findings with these tests demonstrated abnormal scores in the ear contralateral to the affected temporal lobe in either the left or right hemisphere. Patients with tumors located in the posterior region of the temporal lobe yielded abnormal scores with the monotic and dichotic tests in the battery. Patients with tumors located in the antero-inferior regions of the temporal lobe demonstrated abnormal test scores in the contralateral ear with low-pass filtered discrimination tests and experienced little or no difficulty with alternate and simultaneous-binaural discrimination or competing sentence discrimination. Binaural resynthesis of segmented speech was abnormal in 4 patients with documented brain stem involvement secondary to temporal lobe tumor. A hypothesis is offered to explain the contralateral ear effect and the differences in test results obtained in patients with posterior and antero-inferior temporal lobe tumors.
Microfluidics-enabled method to identify modes of Caenorhabditis elegans paralysis in four anthelmintics

The discovery of new drugs is often propelled by the increasing resistance of parasites to existing drugs and the availability of better technology platforms. The area of microfluidics has provided devices for faster screening of compounds, controlled sampling/sorting of whole animals, and automated behavioral pattern recognition. In most microfluidic devices, drug effects on small animals (e.g., Caenorhabditis elegans) are quantified by an end-point, dose response curve representing a single parameter (such as worm velocity or stroke frequency). Here, we present a multi-parameter extraction method to characterize modes of paralysis in C. elegans over an extended time period. A microfluidic device with real-time imaging is used to expose C. elegans to four anthelmintic drugs (i.e., pyrantel, levamisole, tribendimidine, and methyridine). We quantified worm behavior with parameters such as curls per second, types of paralyzation, mode frequency, and number/duration of active/immobilization periods. Each drug was chosen at EC75 where 75% of the worm population is responsive to the drug. At equipotent concentrations, we observed differences in the manner with which worms paralyzed in drug environments. Our study highlights the need for assaying drug effects on small animal models with multiple parameters quantified at regular time points over an extended period to adequately capture the resistance and adaptability in chemical environments.
US Food Aid and Civil Conflict

We study the effect of US food aid on conflict in recipient countries. Our analysis exploits time variation in food aid shipments due to changes in US wheat production and cross-sectional variation in a country’s tendency to receive any US food aid. According to our estimates, an increase in US food aid increases the incidence and duration of civil conflicts, but has no robust effect on interstate conflicts or the onset of civil conflicts. We also provide suggestive evidence that the effects are most pronounced in countries with a recent history of civil conflict. (JEL D74, F35, O17, O19, Q11, Q18) We are unable to determine whether our aid helps or hinders one or more parties to the conflict … it is clear that the losses—particularly looted assets—constitutes a serious barrier to the efficient and effective provision of assistance, and can contribute to the war economy. This raises a serious challenge for the humanitarian community: can humanitarians be accused of fueling or prolonging the conflict in these two countries? — Medecins Sans Frontieres, Amsterdam 1
The activation of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase by calcium.

Summary 1. The activation of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.4) by Ca2+ was studied using membranes from deoxycholate-disrupted rat-liver mitochondria as the source of enzyme. With. 3 mM ATP and 1–12 mM Ca2+, pH-activity curves in the range of pH 7.4 to 10.0 showed a broad optimum between 8.0 and 9.0. 2. With 3 mM ATP, maximum ATPase activity shifted from a Ca2+ to ATP ratio of approx. 4:1 to a ratio of approx. 2:1 as the pH was increased from 7.0 to 10.0. 3. When ATPase activity was determined between pH 7.0 and 10.0, plots of 1/vversus 1/[ATP] resulted in a series of straight lines with values for Km which decreased as the pH was raised to 9.5. Values for vmax increased as the pH was raised to 8.5 and then decreased as the pH was raised to 10.0. 4. The kinetics of ATPase activation by Ca2+ at pH 8.5 indicate that CaATP2-is the “true” or “active” substrate for the enzyme, and that free ATP and free Ca2+ react with the enzyme. Free Ca2+ ions appear to increase the rate of breakdown of the ATPase-CaATP complex. Free Ca2+ ions also decrease the affinity of the enzyme for CaATP. Free ATP appears to inhibit breakdown of the ATPase-CaATP complex and also to act as a competitive inhibitor. 5. The results are discussed in relation to the similarities and differences of mitochondrial ATPase activation by Ca2+ and by Mg2+. A comparison of the action of the two ions indicates that the affinity of both CaATP and free Ca2+ for the enzyme is significantly greater than that of MgATP and free Mg2+. However the affinity of free ATP for the enzyme appears to be considerably less than when Ca2+ is the activating cation.
Barack Obama vs Bristol Palin: why the President’s sex education policy wins

The federal government has exponentially increased funding for abstinence‐only sex education over the last few decades, a position supported by former vice‐presidential candidate Sarah Palin’s daughter Bristol. Unfortunately, empirical research indicates that abstinence‐only education is ineffective and may have negative consequences for adolescents. Despite encouragement of abstinence, adolescents continue to engage in sexual relationships, indicating that a different approach to sex education should be supported. This situation raises a number of justice issues because it is important for the government to fund sex education curricula that instruct adolescents on how to protect themselves from pregnancy and STDs. The majority of parents also disagree with the federal funding of abstinence‐only education and support more comprehensive education. This indicates that funding abstinence‐only education is diametrically opposed to community sentiment. Federal funding of abstinence‐only sex education is also p...
The conservative consolidation in Iran

Over the past eight years, Iran's conservative leadership has effectively tightened its hold on power, thwarting aftempts at political reform. It has centralised decision-making, strengthened the Revolutionary Guard, invested in new strategic weapons, built ties of patronage and effectively used economic levers to assert control. The conservatives' consolidation of power now constitutes the framework of Iran's power politics, which will in turn determine the nature and scope of internal political developments after the 2005 presidential elections, the country's response to outside pressures regarding the nuclear issue, and the kind of government which is likely to evolve in the Islamic Republic.
Neonatal limb ischemia: caudal blockade and NIRS monitoring

The treatment of neonatal limb ischemia (LI) is challenging for neonatologists. Peripheral nerve blockade (PNB), alone or in association with other therapies, represents a valid therapy in case of vascular spasm or thromboembolic events responsible for LI. In the present case report, we describe the clinical history of a preterm neonate with catheter-related thrombosis of the left leg. PNB was not performed according to the traditional technique but rather by a peridural catheter left in situ for 9 days with a continuous infusion of ropivacaine. In conclusion, the effectiveness of this approach was confirmed by the contemporary near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring, documenting gradual improvement of leg perfusion.
Mating kinetics in drosophila

The kinetics of the mating behavior of a sepia-eyed strain of Drosophila melanogaster has been studied using a newly designed mating chamber. Numbers of males and females placed in the chamber for 30 minutes varied from 5 males and 10 females to 320 flies of each sex. For a given number of females the log proportion of non-mated (i.e., virgin) females decreased linearly as the number of males increased; this relationship can be expressed as (1 - v)n where v is the attrition rate of virginity and n is the number of males in the chamber. Further, the log v decreases linearly with the square-root of the number of females in the chamber. If males were to divide their courtship behaviors among two or more females under crowded conditions, v should be a function of (1/x)8 where x is the number of females available to the courting male and s is one less than the number of elements in his courtship behavior. The number of available females, x, is a function of linear distances between individuals; the number of flies in the chamber must be quadrupled in order to halve the average distance between individuals—hence, the need for the square-root scale.
A new mdr2-/- mouse model of sclerosing cholangitis with rapid fibrosis progression, early-onset portal hypertension, and liver cancer

We previously characterized the Mdr2 ( Abcb4 ) −/− mouse as a reproducible model of chronic biliary liver disease. However, it demonstrates relatively slow fibrosis progression, possibly due to its fibrosis-resistant genetic background. We aimed to improve the model by moving it onto a fibrosis-susceptible background. We generated novel BALB/c. Mdr2 −/− mouse via genetic backcross onto highly fibrosis-susceptible BALB/c substrain, identified in inbred mouse strain screening. Liver fibrosis, portal pressure, and hepatic tumor burden in BALB/c. Mdr2 −/− mice were studied up to 1 year of age in direct comparison to parental strain FVB. Mdr2 −/− . BALB/c. Mdr2 −/− mice developed periductular onion-skin type fibrotic lesions and pronounced ductular reaction starting from 4 weeks of age. Compared to parental strain, BALB/c. Mdr2 −/− mice demonstrated dramatically accelerated liver fibrosis, with threefold increase in collagen deposition and bridging fibrosis/early signs of cirrhosis at 12 weeks. This was accompanied by early-onset severe portal hypertension and twofold to fourfold increase in profibrogenic transcripts Col1a1 [procollagen α1(I)], Tgfb1 , and Timp1 . Primary liver cancers in BALB/c. Mdr2 −/− developed earlier, with greater tumor burden compared to FVB. Mdr2 −/− . BALB/c. Mdr2 −/− mice have unprecedented degree and rapidity of hepatic fibrosis progression and clinically relevant cirrhosis complications, such as early-onset portal hypertension and primary liver cancers. This new model will facilitate development of antifibrotic drugs and studies into mechanisms of biliary fibrosis progression.
Library Materials Budget Allocation Strategy for a Mid-Size Academic Library

SUMMARY Historically libraries have been allocating their budget using a formula based on usage statistics and cost of the materials. Today, allocations need to be adjusted from year to year, because of the constantly changing educational priorities of the institutions and the budgetary constrains faced by academic libraries. In this paper, the author has tried to arrive at an allocation formula that takes into account the constant and variable factors that would determine the strength of the library collections. This formula is flexible enough to be applicable to a budget of any amount in a small to medium size library. The formula was successfully applied by the Seton Hall University Library to distribute new grant money from the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), as well as to the whole Library materials budget, with some modifications.
EIT Waves and Fast-Mode Propagation in the Solar Corona

During the onset of coronal mass ejections, a front of enhanced EUV emission is sometimes seen to propagate away from a flaring active region across the solar disk. We present model simulations to test the hypothesis that these transients (called EIT waves) represent fast-mode MHD waves. The distribution of the magnetosonic velocity vf in the corona is determined using a current-free extrapolation of the measured photospheric field and a density scaling law for coronal loops. In agreement with observations, the waves are deflected away from active regions and coronal holes, where vf is large; they are also refracted upward as they propagate away from their initiation point, since vf falls off rapidly above active regions. The average surface-projected expansion speeds are only of order 200 km s-1, comparable to or somewhat smaller than those of EIT waves observed during 1997-1998. The model is unable to account for the velocities in excess of 600 km s-1 associated with Moreton waves and type II radio bursts unless it is assumed that the initial disturbance has the form of a strong, super-Alfv?nic shock.