cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract B202: Defining the role of IL-27 signaling on responses to metastatic melanoma

Checkpoint blockade and cellular therapies for cancer treatment have yielded impressive clinical results. These approaches harness the ability of T-cells, critical mediators of the body’s immune response to infection, to eliminate tumors. Entry of T-cells into the tumor microenvironment exposes them to an array of regulatory signals that impact T-cell differentiation and function. The immunomodulatory cytokine, interleukin 27 (IL-27), produced by tumor cells and immune cells, is a critical regulator of the immune system. A complex literature exists regarding the role of IL-27 in tumor responses and the conflicting conclusions from these studies can be attributed to differences in tumor models and a lack of lineage-specific genetic tools to dissect the impact of IL-27 signaling on particular cell types. We find that IL-27 receptor alpha (WSX1)-deficient mice exhibit reduced tumor burdens following intravenous administration of B16 melanoma in comparison to wildtype mice. Further, the reduced number of macroscopic nodules corresponds with reduced tumor area within the lungs. Analysis of IL-27 reporter mice reveals a population of nonalveolar macrophage/monocytes to be the primary source of IL-27 in the lung as early as day 10 following B16 melanoma challenge. The production of IL-27 in the lung following tumor challenge and the improved resistance to intravenous dissemination of B16 melanoma by WSX1-deficient mice suggests production of IL-27 suppresses immune responses to melanoma within the lung. In line with these data, we find that tumor nodules in the lungs of WSX1-deficient mice have increased infiltration of CD3+ cells observed by histologic analysis in comparison to tumor nodules in wild-type mice. These data support a model where IL-27 suppresses the infiltration or activity of T-cells responding to metastatic melanoma and suggest that novel strategies targeting IL-27 signaling in the tumor microenvironment may synergize with current immunotherapy approaches to improve T-cell responses to tumors. Citation Format: Anthony T. Phan, Christopher A. Hunter. Defining the role of IL-27 signaling on responses to metastatic melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B202.
A Critical Review of Social Skills Research with Behaviorally Disordered Students

Deficits in social skills are a distinguishing characteristic of behaviorally disordered individuals. There is an established relationship between deficits in interpersonal skills and long term adj...
It’s all in your head: A meta-analysis on the effects of music training on cognitive measures in schoolchildren:

The utility of music training in schools has received much attention in the United States. The purported positive cognitive benefits of music training for schoolchildren is one facet which has hist...
Restrictions and Generalizations on Comma-Free Codes

A significant sector of coding theory is that of comma-free coding; that is, codes which can be received without the need of a letter used for word separation. The major difficulty is in finding bounds on the maximum number of comma-free words which can inhabit a dictionary. We introduce a new class called a self-reflective comma-free dictionary and prove a series of bounds on the size of such a dictionary based upon word length and alphabet size. We also introduce other new classes such as self-swappable comma-free codes and comma-free codes in q dimensions and prove preliminary bounds for these classes. Finally, we discuss the implications and applications of combining these original concepts, including their implications for the NP-complete Post Correspondence Problem.
Gifting Practices: Is it Really the Thought that Counts? An Abstract

Gift giving is prevalent in most cultures as it is a symbolistic ritual of love, care, and often help build social relations (Anton et al. 2014; Areni 1998; Belk 1976). In the United States, consumers give gifts to friends and loved ones on multiple occasions every year. In 2016, it was estimated that Americans spent $929 on average per person on holiday gifts (American Research Group cited in Backman 2016). Gift giving, hereafter gifting, is such an important aspect of life, that 56% of U.S. consumers planned to accumulate debt in order to give gifts during the 2016 holiday season (Backman 2016).
Causes and Consequences of Chemotherapy Delays in Ambulatory Oncology Practices: A Multisite Qualitative Study.

Purpose In oncology, chemotherapy treatment delays potentially jeopardize patient safety and impede progress toward disease remission. The purpose of this study was to examine the causes and consequences of chemotherapy treatment delays and possible solutions to improve quality of care. Participants & setting The current authors selected a purposive sample of eight ambulatory oncology practices for ethnographic site visits, which lasted five days each. Methodologic approach The authors conducted 290 observation hours, including clinician shadowing, and 46 semistructured interviews with clinicians (oncology nurses, physicians, and advanced practice providers). Deductive and inductive thematic analysis was performed on all data. Findings The authors identified four primary themes from the analysis that affect delays. Implications for nursing Future investigations should examine nurses' communication practices in the context of timely chemotherapy administration because communication and documentation technologies within healthcare settings continuously evolve.
Identifying Aspects of Public Attitudes Toward Whole Genome Sequencing to Inform the Integration of Genomics into Care.

INTRODUCTION The growth of global sequencing initiatives and commercial genomic test offerings suggests the public will increasingly be confronted with decisions about sequencing. Understanding public attitudes can assist efforts to integrate sequencing into care and inform the development of public education and outreach strategies. METHODS A 48-item online survey was advertised on Facebook in Eastern Canada and hosted on SurveyMonkey in late 2018. The survey measured public interest in whole genome sequencing and attitudes toward various aspects of sequencing using vignettes, scaled, and open-ended items. RESULTS While interest in sequencing was high, critical attitudes were observed. In particular, items measuring features of patient control and choice regarding genomic data were strongly endorsed by respondents. Majority wanted to specify upfront how their data could be used, retain the ability to withdraw their sample at a later date, sign a written consent form, and speak to a genetic counselor prior to sequencing. Concerns about privacy and unauthorized access to data were frequently observed. Education level was the sociodemographic variable most often related to attitude statements such that those with higher levels of education generally displayed more critical attitudes. CONCLUSIONS Attitudes identified here could be used to inform the development of implementation strategies for genomic medicine. Findings suggest health systems must address patient concerns about privacy, consent practices, and the strong desire to control what happens to their genomic data through public outreach and education. Specific oversight procedures and policies that are clearly communicated to the public will be required.
Experimental quantification of air-side row-by-row heat transfer coefficients on fin-and-tube heat exchangers

Abstract An absorption-based mass transfer method has been employed in the current study to obtain two-dimensional HTC distributions on two different 8-row fin-and-tube heat exchangers. The method utilizes a color change coating material and a tracer gas to quantify local mass transfer on the fin surfaces and then employs the heat and mass transfer analogy to calculate local air-side HTCs. The accuracy and robustness of the method were validated in previous studies. The current study focuses on investigating the row-by-row HTC degradation by increasing the number of tube rows. The local HTC measurements of the current study ranged from 0.5-4.8 ms−1 face airflow velocity using dry fin surfaces. The two 8-row fin-and-tube heat exchangers have the same tube diameter, tube pitch, fin pitch, and fin shape. The only difference is the staggered vs. inline arrangement of the tube bundle. Averaged HTCs of each row are quantified and compared. The results show HTC degradation is related to the tube arrangement, airflow velocity, and row number. The heat exchanger with inline tube arrangement shows a more substantial HTC degradation than the heat exchanger with the staggered tube arrangement. The maximum HTC decline is observed on the second row with 40% compared to the first row while flow velocity is below 1 ms−1. The row-by-row HTC degradation becomes less significant for higher flow velocities. HTC degradation appears to be negligible past the 5th row. The current study provides a method that can be used to predict air-side HTCs of fin-and-tube heat exchangers with multiple rows.
The Impact of Race/Ethnicity on the Outcomes of Burn Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Racial and ethnic disparities are endemic to the United States and are only beginning to attract the attention of researchers. With an increasingly diverse population, focused and tailored medicine to provide more equitable care is needed. For surgical trauma populations, this topic is a small but expanding field and still rarely mentioned in burn medicine. Disparities in prevention, treatment, and recovery outcomes between different racial and ethnic minorities who are burned are rarely discussed. The purpose of this study is to determine the current status of identified disparities of care in the burn population literature and areas of future research. A systematic review was conducted of literature utilizing PubMed for articles published between 2000-2020. Searches were used to identify articles that crossed the burn term (burn patient OR burn recovery OR burn survivor OR burn care) and a race/ethnicity and insurance status-related term (race/ethnicity OR African-American OR Black OR Asian OR Hispanic OR Latino OR Native American OR Indigenous OR Mixed race OR 2 or more races OR socioeconomic status OR insurance status). Inclusion criteria were English studies in the US that discussed disparities in burn injury outcomes or risk factors associated with race/ethnicity. 1,169 papers were populated, 55 were reviewed, and 36 articles met inclusion criteria. Most studies showed minorities had poorer inpatient and outpatient outcomes. While this is a concerning trend, there is a paucity of literature in this field and more research is needed to create culturally-tailored medical care and address the needs of disadvantaged burn survivors.
The Dual-Diagnosis Patient

Dual diagnosis refers to patients who have both a chemical dependence problem and a psychiatric disorder that is independent of the chemical dependence. Patients with chemical dependence and a psychiatric disorder resulting from it are not considered to have a dual diagnosis.
Handbook of depression in children and adolescents.

Introduction and General Issues: The Nature and Study of Depression in Children and Adolescents W.M. Reynolds, H.F. Johnston. Phenomenology and Epidemiology of Mood Disorders in Children and Adolescents E.O. Poznanski, H.B. Mokros. Theories and Models of Depression: Dynamic and Interpersonal Theories of Depression J.R. Bemporad. Cognitive and Behavioral Correlates of Childhood Depression: A Developmental Perspective N.J. Kaslow, et al. Approaches to Assessment and Diagnosis: Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Depression in Children and Adolescents D. Sherak, et al. Evalution of Depression in Children and Adolescents Using Diagnostic Clinical Interviews K. Hodges. Treatment Approaches: Psychological Treatment Approaches for Depression in Children K.D. Stark, et al. Psychological Approaches to the Treatment of Depression in Adolescents P.M. Lewinsohn, et al. Depression in Special Populations: Depression in Infants P.V. Trad. Selected Topics in the Study of Depression in Young People: Maltreatment and Childhood Depression G. Downey, et al. 15 additional articles. Index.
Analysis of Food Carbohydrates

Earlier methods employing polarimetric, colorimetric, or enzymic determinations are generally not applicable for complex mixture of sugars which are often present in food matrices; therefore, food carbohydrates, such as sugars, starches, and dietary fiber polysaccharides have not been analyzed routinely in the same foods until the advent of chromatographic techniques. Since the mid 1960s, methods employing gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) have appeared in many reports1–4. One major disadvantage of GLC methods for sugar analysis arises from the need to convert sugars to their volatile derivatives. Consequently, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has become the technique of choice for many analysts5–8. For a number of years, the only detector available for HPLC sugar determination was the non-specific refractive index detector, which lacks the sensitivity of the flame ionization detector used with GLC. With the development of anion-exchange resin columns and pulsed amperometric detector with gold electrode specifically for carbohydrate analysis, simple and complex sugar mixtures can now be separated and quantified on the same HPLC column using different eluants9,10. In an effort to simplify and consolidate various independent procedures for determining different fractions of food carbohydrates, we developed a scheme11 by which sugars, starches, and dietary fiber polysaccharides can be sequentially fractionated from the same half-gram freeze-dried portions of a food as shown in Fig. 1. High performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) was used for quantification of various sugars in different fractions.
Chapter 6 Volume-Sensitive lon Fluxes in Amphiuma Red Blood Cells: General Principles Governing Na-H and K-H Exchange Transort and CI-HCO3Exchange Coupling

Publisher Summary This chapter outlines the general principles of electroneutral alkali metal-H (Am-H) exchange and alkali metal-Cl (Am-Cl) cotransport pathways. It focuses on the volume-sensitive ion fluxes in Amphiuma red blood cells. When Amphiuma red blood cells are swollen they lose K, Cl, and osmotically obliged H 2 O, and when shrunken, the cells gain Na, Cl, and H 2 O. Based upon the direct measurements of the membrane potential and net ion fluxes, it is determined that the volume-sensitive alkali metal ion fluxes are the result of an obligatorily 1:1 coupled (electroneutral) exchange with H + . These alkali metal-H exchange fluxes are functionally coupled to net Cl-HCO 3 exchange fluxes such that net alkali metal and Cl fluxes proceed in the same direction. The principles governing the relative turnover rates of the alkali metal-H and Cl-HCO 3 exchangers are discussed, as are the implications with regard to the “apparent” alkali metal-H stoichiometry. Data addressing the basis for the control of the volume-sensitive alkali metal-H fluxes are presented.
Congenital hypothyroidism presenting with seizures in a newborn

Hypothyroidism is not known to present with seizures in neonates. This report describes a newborn who presented with seizures that were not controlled with several antiepileptic medications. The infant was later diagnosed with hypothyroidism, and started on L-thyroxine. Seizures subsequently ceased and the antiepileptic medications were stopped. (J Pediatr Neurol 2004; 2(2): 111–113).
How do we see?: information architecture as theory

Advanced digital technologies present both new types of texts and learning environments for learning scientists to study. These same technologies also support new ways of capturing and analyzing information on student thinking. This paper reports on research that used a digital learning environment (complete with prose, graphics, animations, and agents) to provide elementary school readers a scientific text containing embedded free-response assessment items to capture information on their thought processes. This paper explores methodological issues associated with coding and analyzing constructed response items of this type. Drawing on established approaches to propositional analysis with extensions to reflect the multimodal nature of the text and the task, we present a methodological approach developed to balance detail and nuance in students' use of language with a systematized approach to analyzing those data. This discussion is presented for both its value to the learning sciences and as a contribution to critical discussions about assessing student learning in complex learning environments.
Overexpression of RbfA in the absence of the KsgA checkpoint results in impaired translation initiation

KsgA, a universally conserved small ribosomal subunit (SSU) rRNA methyltransferase, has recently been shown to facilitate a checkpoint within the ribosome maturation pathway. Under standard growth conditions removal of the KsgA checkpoint has a subtle impact on cell growth; yet, upon overexpresssion of RbfA, a ribosome maturation factor, KsgA becomes essential. Our results demonstrate the requirement of KsgA, in the presence of excess RbfA, both for the incorporation of ribosomal protein S21 to the developing SSU, and for final maturation of SSU rRNA. Also, when SSU biogenesis is perturbed by an imbalance in KsgA and RbfA, a population of 70S-like particles accumulates that is compositionally, functionally and structurally distinct from mature 70S ribosomes. Thus, our work suggests that KsgA and RbfA function together and are required for SSU maturation, and that additional checkpoints likely act to modulate malfunctional 70S particle formation in vivo.
The steady response of a nonadiabatic tubular reactor: New multiplicities

Abstract Asymptotic solutions to the governing equations are constructed in the limit of large activation energy. This leads to an analytical description of the entire response. It is found that the behavior of the system is more complex than realized hitherto. In particular, new multiplicities appear.
ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS OF A LIGHT TRUCK CAB

An acoustic analysis of a light truck cab in the frequency range of 0 to 140 Hz was performed by utilizing an analytical method combined with experimental data. The structural and acoustic modes of the cab were determined by utilizing the MSC/NASTRAN dynamic analysis capability. Chassis, powertrain, and suspension components were simulated with the experimental modal data, acquired from dynamic testing of an actual vehicle. The overall system model was constructed by combining analytical structural and acoustic modes with the experimental modal data using the modal synthesis technique and an in-house developed computer code called MOTRAN. The acoustic mode shapes, response at critical cab-structure locations, and interior sound level at the driver's ear were obtained. After the validity of the model was shown, the model was used to improve the acoustic response of the cab structure in terms of noise-related problems such as boom and drone. A new post processing method was developed to identify and determine the effects of "panel deadening" on the acoustic response of the vehicle. For the covering abstract see IRRD 863693.
Virtual Clinical Simulations in an Online Advanced Health Appraisal Course

Abstract Background Acquisition of knowledge and skills by nurse practitioner students before real-life practice is a familiar nursing education challenge. Methods Virtual clinical simulations (VCSs) using Digital Clinical Experience™ were introduced in an advanced health appraisal course to explore how these VCSs affected students' learning and perception of their simulation experience as a learning strategy in an online course using a quasi-experimental design. Differences for intervention (VCS) and control groups (no VCS) were measured. Results No significant difference was revealed in course grades, integrated performance proficiency scores, or in National League of Nursing simulation scores. Conclusion The integration of VCSs into current standardized online course content as an adjunctive learning experience warrants additional evaluation.
Gubernatorial Midterm Slumps

This article studies gubernatorial midterm slumps in U.S. state legislative elections. We employ a regression discontinuity design, which allows us to rule out the hypothesis that the midterm slump simply reflects a type of “reversion to the mean” generated by simple partisan swings or the withdrawal of gubernatorial coattails or “anticipatory balancing.” Our results show that the party of the governor experiences an average seat-share loss of about 3.5 percentage points. We also find evidence suggesting that a large share of the variation in gubernatorial midterm slumps can be accounted for by (1) crude partisan balancing and (2) referendums on state economic performance, with approximately equal weight given to each.
Contour Matching for Fish Species Recognition and Migration Monitoring

A variety of matching and classification techniques have been employed in applications requiring pattern recognition. In this chapter we introduce a simple and accurate real-time contour matching technique specifically for applications involving fish species recognition and migration monitoring. We describe FishID, a prototype vision system that employs a software implementation of our newly developed contour matching algorithms. We discuss the challenges involved in the design of this system, both hardware and software, and we present results from a field test of the system at Prosser Dam in Prosser, Washington. In tests with up to four distinct species, the algorithm correctly determines the species with greater than 90 percent accuracy.
Preparation and Use of a New Difluorocarbene Reagent. Trimethylsilyl 2‐Fluorosulfonyl‐2,2‐Difluoroacetate: n‐Butyl 2,2‐Difluorocyclopropanecarboxylate

n-Butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropanecarboxylate Trimethylsilyl 2-fluorosulfonyl-2, 2-difluoroacetate Chlorotrimethylsilane 2-Fluorosulfonyl-2, 2-difluoroacetic acid n-Butyl acrylate Sodium fluoride Keywords: difluorocarbene reagent; difluorocyclopropanation; difluorocyclopropane compounds; addition; n-butyl acrylate; yields; waste disposal; Seyferth's reagent
Inflammation and intracellular metabolism: new targets in OA

Articular cartilage degeneration is hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA). Low-grade chronic inflammation in the joint can promote OA progression. Emerging evidence indicates that bioenergy sensors couple metabolism with inflammation to switch physiological and clinical phenotypes. Changes in cellular bioenergy metabolism can reprogram inflammatory responses, and inflammation can disturb cellular energy balance and increase cell stress. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) are two critical bioenergy sensors that regulate energy balance at both cellular and whole-body levels. Dysregulation of AMPK and SIRT1 has been implicated in diverse human diseases and aging. This review reveals recent findings on the role of AMPK and SIRT1 in joint tissue homeostasis and OA, with a focus on how AMPK and SIRT1 in articular chondrocytes modulate intracellular energy metabolism during stress responses (e.g., inflammatory responses) and how these changes dictate specific effector functions, and discusses translational significance of AMPK and SIRT1 as new therapeutic targets for OA.
Adverse Cutaneous Reactions to Antipsychotics

Antipsychotic agents are known to cause adverse cutaneous reactions in approximately 5% of the individuals for whom they are prescribed. The majority of adverse cutaneous events are benign and easily treated, and do not place the patient at a serious health risk. However, these adverse events may impact on compliance so discussing strategies with the patient to avoid potential adverse cutaneous effects will improve compliance. The most frequently reported cutaneous adverse effects of antipsychotic medications include: exanthematous eruptions, skin pigmentation changes, photosensitivity, urticaria and pruritus. Only a small percentage of adverse cutaneous reactions are life threatening. The most important step in minimizing morbidity is prompt recognition of severe drug reactions with withdrawal of the causative medication. If a skin eruption occurs in an outpatient setting, it is generally advisable to discontinue the drug and to consider switching to another class of agent. If the reaction is mild, and the therapeutic benefits far exceed the risks of the symptomatic treatment, then the antipsychotic agent may be continued.
Adaptive Gravitational Force Representation for Fast Trajectory Propagation Near Small Bodies

approximationusespolynomialinterpolationwithanadaptivespatialdatastructureneartheasteroidandspherical harmonics far from it. These data structures allow us to drive the approximation errors of the model to within userdefined thresholds, while significantly reducing the run time of trajectory integrations about small bodies. This alleviates the computational burden of Monte Carlo simulation for small-body proximity operation and mission design. We conclude with performance tests and models for the asteroid 1998 ML 14.
Non‐NMDA receptors transmit cardiopulmonary C fibre input in nucleus tractus solitarii in rats.

1. We sought first to determine whether neurones in caudomedial aspects of commissural nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) received input from cardiopulmonary C fibre endings supplied by the pulmonary versus systemic circulation. We then examined the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors in transmitting cardiopulmonary C fibre input to such NTS neurones. 2. Extracellular NTS unit activity, phrenic nerve activity and arterial blood pressure were recorded in urethane-anaesthetized rats. Unit responses to right atrial and left ventricular phenylbiguanide injections were compared in rats with arterial baroreceptors, carotid chemo-receptors and subdiaphragmatic vagal inputs eliminated. Right atrial phenylbiguanide injections produced greater peak responses (27 +/- 11 impulses s-1) than did left ventricular injections (11 +/- 3 impulses s-1) (n = 9). 3. The non-NMDA receptor agonist quisqualic acid (QUIS) and NMDA were ionophoresed onto NTS neurones that were synaptically activated by right atrial phenylbiguanide injection. Responses were compared before and during ionophoresis of the non-NMDA receptor antagonist 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulphamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline (NBQX), the NMDA receptor antagonist DL-2-amino-5-phosphovaleric acid (AP5), or the broad spectrum antagonist kynurenic acid (KYN). 4. NBQX, which blocked QUIS-but spared NMDA-evoked responses, significantly attenuated synaptic activation by 65% (n = 9). AP5, which blocked NMDA- but spared QUIS-evoked responses, did not significantly diminish synaptic activation (11%; n = 7). KYN, which blocked QUIS- and NMDA-evoked responses, decreased synaptic activation by 70% (n = 9). 5. The results suggest that input from cardiopulmonary C fibre endings, primarily supplied by the pulmonary circulation, is transmitted to this commissural NTS region largely via non-NMDA receptors.
518 MINERAL INTAKE IN RICKETS OF VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS: RETROSPECTIVE AND PROSPECTIVE DETERMINATION OF CRITICAL INTAKES DURING GROWTH

To test whether insufficient calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) or vitamin D (D) to support mineralization was delivered to rapidly growing VLBW ( R (p R but R; none developed rickets. ΔD/ΔWt was ≥CON in 11/11. Growth rates did not differ from R or CON. These data suggest that ≥3.82 mg Ca/g wt gain and ≥1.73 mg P/g wt gain, when provided primarily IV with adequate D, are sufficient to prevent rickets in growing VLBW infants. In 3 R patients under treatment, healing was diagnosed when mineral intakes reached or exceeded these values.
Prediction of averaged energy for moderately damped systems with strong coupling

Abstract In this paper, the prediction of averaged energy of damped structural-acoustic systems is investigated. A simplified energy finite element method, referred to as EFEM0, is developed based on the energy flow analysis (EFA) equations and implemented using the finite volume method. The resulting formulations can be incorporated into statistical energy analysis (SEA) software and extends SEA application to moderately damped systems with strong coupling. The formulations are verified against analytical solutions for a single beam and coupled beams with both strong and weak coupling. A hybrid technique consisting of the EFEM0 approximation superimposed on a direct field is used to model moderately damped plates. For lightly damped systems, both methods produce acceptable results. For moderately damped two-dimensional systems, the EFEM0 method augmented with the direct field component produces significantly improved results.
Using strand maps to engage digital library users with science content

Our research examined whether using strand maps as an interface for digital library search tasks would change learners' cognitive processes when seeking educational resources. Results demonstrated that strand maps can help learners engage with science content and that semantic-spatial interfaces can support meaningful search processes.
Variability of embryo development rate, fry growth, and disease susceptibility in hatchery stocks of chum salmon

Abstract Three hatchery stocks of chum salmon ( Oncorhynchus keta ) contributed sperm to a factorial breeding experiment. Matings with four females from the Netarts stock produced 60 sibling groups which were uniquely marked and combined as fry. There was an effect of paternal hatchery stock and of dam on time between spawning and hatching, an effect of sires in one paternal stock and of dam on fry lengths after 1 month of rearing, and an effect of sires within paternal stocks on susceptibility to vibriosis.
Calcimedin, calelectrin: Correlation of relatedness

A statistical method has been used to compare the amino acid compositions of several calelectrin proteins and the 67k calcimedin protein. The validity of the method for determining protein relatedness and ancestry has been established with many different proteins. Torpedo calelectrin, p68 brain calelectrin, 67,000 dalton brain calelectrin, 67,000 bovine aorta protein, 32k lipocortin (and probably 67R lung protein) share considerable homology with each other and with calpactin I or lipocortin II, the pp60src tyrosine kinase substrate. The 67k calcimedin appears to be unrelated to these several proteins, in agreement with biochemical evidence, although limited homology may still be present. The lung 67E protein, calregulin and calmodulin, are unrelated to any of the other proteins.
An analysis of radiation necrosis of the central nervous system treated with bevacizumab

Radiation necrosis is a devastating complication following radiation to the central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of cases in the literature using bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor, as treatment for radiation necrosis. A MEDLINE/PubMed search of articles about the use of bevacizumab for radionecrosis treatment yielded 16 studies published between 2007 and 2012. Data was summarized according to patient characteristics, treatment received and outcomes measured. A total of 71 unique cases were identified that met the inclusion criteria. The median age at the time of treatment with bevacizumab was 47 years. The most common tumors treated were glioblastoma (31 %), anaplastic glioma (14 %), and metastatic brain tumors (15 %). The median time from ending radiotherapy to starting treatment with bevacizumab was 11 months and the median follow up time after bevacizumab treatment was 8 months. The median number of cycles of bevacizumab was administered was 4, and the median dosage of bevacizumab was 7.5 mg/kg. The median time elapsed between cycles of bevacizumab was 2 weeks. Overall, pre and post treatment imaging revealed a median decrease in T1 contrast enhancement of 63 %, and a 59 % median decrease in T2/FLAIR signal abnormality. Treatment with bevacizumab resulted in a significant radiographic response for patients with radionecrosis. The median dosage of bevacizumab of 7.5 mg/kg for four cycles every 2 weeks should be considered as a treatment option in this patient population.
Defending against rival innovation

We analyze how an incumbent defends its competitive advantage with a focus on the under-examined methods of actively defending against the threats posed by rival innovation. We describe, delineate and analyze the set of such defenses and their likely effects. The set of such defenses differs substantially from many standard defenses, such as those aimed at defeating the threat of imitation. The further study of these pre-emptive innovation defenses is important because these defenses are different and because they can substantially affect the sustainability of firm profits and the pace of different of types of innovation.
The influence of exogenous fibronectin on blood granulocyte adherence to vascular endothelium in vitro

Abstract Fibronectin is a major cell surface and extracellular matrix glycoprotein. It binds to a variety of substrata and supports the attachment and spreading of a number of cell types. We have found that purified human plasma fibronectin can also support blood granulocyte adhesion to cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. This activity is protected by treatment of the fibronectin with a sulphhydryl-containing agent. The effect of granulocyte attachment was observed at fibronectin concentration of 100 ng/ml with maximum effect at a concentration of 10 μg/ml. The attached granulocytes retained a rounded appearance, compared with the flattening that occurs on attachment to plastic. Granulocytes attached poorly to cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells and no enhancement occurred when fibronectin was added. Immunofluorescence microscopy using monospecific rabbit anti-human fibronectin demonstrated that the sulphhydryl-treated fibronectin accumulated on the endothelial cell surface, forming aggregates on the apical surface by 3 h of continued incubation. Washed, cultured endothelial cells not exposed to fibronectin or exposed to untreated purified plasma fibronectin did not demonstrate an aggregation of cell-surface fibronectin.
Founding the Fatimid State–The Rise of an Early Islamic Empire: An Annotated English Translation of al-Qāḍī al-Nu‘mān's Iftitāḥ al-Da‘wa

Founding the Fatimid State–The Rise of an Early Islamic Empire: An Annotated English Translation of al-Qāḍī al-Nu‘mān's Iftitāḥ al-Da‘wa HAMID HAJI, 2006 [Ismaili Texts and Translations Series, 6] ...
On the evolution of behavioral reproductive isolation: The Wallace effect

A model of speciation is constructed in which two equally fit but cross-sterile interbreeding species W and C meet in a zone of overlap Z. Within the type W population, which is held at a constant proportion γ of Z by migration from the outside, a mutation arises which causes a partial aversion to individuals of type C. Formulas for the expected frequency of the various possible mating pairs in Z are derived, and an approximation for small aversion is found. The increase in frequency of the mutant gene in the type W population in Z is the found to be approximately pq(1 − γ)[r1(1 − 2p) + r2 p], where p is the relative proportion of the mutant gene in the type W population, q = 1 − p, and r1 and r2 are the aversion probabilities for mutant heterozygotes and homozygotes, respectively. The resulting selective pressure towards behavioral reproductive isolation is discussed.
Neel order in square and triangular lattice Heisenberg models

We show that the density matrix renormalization group can be used to study magnetic ordering in two-dimensional spin models. Local quantities should be extrapolated with the truncation error, not with its square root. We introduce sequences of clusters, using cylindrical boundary conditions with pinning fields, which provide for rapidly converging finite-size scaling. We determine the magnetization for both the square and triangular Heisenberg lattices with errors comparable to the best alternative approaches.
Medical and Nursing Students' Television Viewing Habits: Potential Implications for Bioethics

Television medical dramas frequently depict the practice of medicine and bioethical issues in a strikingly realistic but sometimes inaccurate fashion. Because these shows depict medicine so vividly and are so relevant to the career interests of medical and nursing students, they may affect these students' beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions regarding the practice of medicine and bioethical issues. We conducted a web-based survey of medical and nursing students to determine the medical drama viewing habits and impressions of bioethical issues depicted in them. More than 80% of medical and nursing students watch television medical dramas. Students with more clinical experience tended to have impressions that were more negative than those of students without clinical experience. Furthermore, viewing of television medical dramas is a social event and many students discuss the bioethical issues they observe with friends and family. Television medical dramas may stimulate students to think about and discuss bioethical issues.
Bond dissociation and internal energies of the gas phase TiCln+ ions formed by 70 eV electron impact ionization: an ion beam study

Abstract An ion beam instrument has been constructed that utilizes a unique, simple ion deceleration lens. We demonstrate here that the kinetic energies of the ions formed can be determined accurately and precisely over a range of energies, that endothermic processes can be characterized, and that the instrument exhibits high product ion collection efficiencies. Results of collision-induced dissociation studies of the TiCl n + ions ( n = 1–4), generated by 70 eV electron impact ionization, are presented here. The results are compared with those obtained from threshold measurements, and indicate that these ions are formed with substantial average internal energies. This information is useful, since the rich gas phase chemistry of TiCl n + ions with organic molecules reported to date involves reactant ions that have not been thermalized.
Multiphysics Modeling and Simulation of Fluid-structure Interaction Applied to Biological Problems

Abstract In this paper, we consider the mathematical modeling and simulation of a fluid-structure interaction algorithm applied to a multiphysics application involving atherosclerotic arteries which is known to lead to health risks and mortality. More specifically, narrowing of an artery that can result from a plaque deposit causes severe reduction of the blood flow. Modeling such diseased arteries requires modeling the unsteady blood flow interacting with the compliant arterial vessel wall as well as a plaque in an efficient way. In this work, we will present a comprehensive model of these multi-physics phenomena that incorporates both geometric nonlinearity and material nonlinearity for the arterial wall and a non-axisymmetric plaque that interacts with unsteady blood flow. In particular, these models indicate the generation of recirculation zones at various locations near the plaque which could potentially enhance the risk of the formation of a clot. In particular, our results indicate the importance of incorporating nonlinearity both in the material and geometry in the modeling.
EXHAUST VENT SILENCER DESIGN

Noise control problems exist where high pressure, high temperature gasses are vented to the atmosphere. An example is used to illustrate an approach to the design of an acoustically treated expansion chamber for a typical noise problem caused by superheated steam vented to the atmosphere. An analysis is developed to aid in the design of the acoustically treated chamber type muffler for broadband frequency application. The algorithm as well as the supporting theory are sufficiently general so as to be applicable to a number of high velocity gas-generated noise conditions. An Appendix of terminology definitions is included.
Poster 13: Early Diagnosis of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Huntington's Disease In Vivo

Mitochondria are central to normal cell function, and their dysfunction underlies a wide variety of diseases, such as diabetes (insulin resistance), aging, and both cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein we show new approaches and results that help to identify the mitochondrial changes unique to Huntington's disease that occur well before the onset of symptoms. New optical and magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques provide for non-invasive, in vivo diagnosis of mitochondrial dysfunction in muscle without the need for a surgical biopsy. These methods reveal changes in mitochondria a decade or more prior to the onset of symptoms. We have found a significant decrease in mitochondrial efficiency in presymptomatic subjects (n = 4, mean age 38 years) versus control subjects (n = 11, mean age 38 years). A continued decrease is evident in symptomatic individuals (n = 3, mean age 53 years), but not yet statistically significant relative to the presymptomatic individuals. Accompanying this loss of mitochondrial efficiency is a corresponding increase in the contribution of non-mitochondrial ATP synthesis from 8% to 23% in the HD individuals. Thus, we have found a substantial reorganization of cellular metabolism in subjects presymptomatic for HD, and this reorganization of cellular energetics continues in the symptomatic individuals. These changes are compared to other disease states to identify the biomarkers reflective of mitochondrial changes that are unique to Huntington's disease. For example, the trade-off between mitochondrial inefficiency and increased glycolysis with stable [ATP] are unique to presymptomatic HD. Identification of biomarkers of HD well before the onset of symptoms provides the opportunity to test interventions that may reverse these dysfunctions and forestall irreversible mitochondrial changes. Thus, innovative noninvasive methods provide new insight into the early cellular changes in HD and provide the opportunity for intervention that may stall the onset of symptoms.
The influences of postdischarge management by nurse practitioners on hospital readmission for heart failure

Purpose: The primary purpose of this literature review is to examine advanced practice nurse (APN)–directed versus registered nurse (RN)–directed telemanagement programs for heart failure patients. Data sources: Research articles identified through CINAHL and OVID databases. Conclusions: Implementing a telemanagement program directed by an APN after hospital discharge decreases the costs and frequent rehospitalizations associated with heart failure and improves the patient's quality of life. While APNs are more costly than RNs, it is important to understand that this level of provider has a more significant impact on the outcomes of patients who use the services provided in the comprehensive discharge programs. Implications for practice: An APN-directed heart failure telemanagement program can reduce the rising healthcare costs that result from frequent readmissions. These programs can improve the quality of care given to heart failure patients while reducing the cost to the institution, the patient, and the healthcare system. When considering the number of older adults hospitalized each year with heart failure, the potential patient benefits and savings to the healthcare system resulting from APN-directed telemanagement are substantial.
Uncertainty aware site selection method for OPC model calibration

Traditionally, an image parameter metric has been used to analyze the lithography and resist responses versus the test pattern coverage. This metric assumes a variable threshold resist model which is not necessarily the state-of-the art model type used in the latest technology nodes. Additionally, these methods don’t consider the statistical nature of the variations where the number of the selected patterns can greatly affect the uncertainty of the model prediction for another set of patterns. We propose a new method that combines the lithography response with uncertainty analysis to select test patterns for OPC model calibration. We also propose a new metric based on resist response to be considered in site selection for advanced resist models. We show that uncertainty aware site selection combined with this new metric gives similar or better model accuracy compared to baseline which requires engineering expertise and other site clustering tools, but with large amount of calibration site reduction. Examples from advanced nodes are given.
Epidermal growth factor in gingival crevicular fluid and its binding capacity in inflamed and non-inflamed human gingiva.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a pro-inflammatory small peptide (6000 Da) with a variety of biological activities including stimulation of cell differentiation and mediation of proteolysis by binding to its specific receptor on the cell surface. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of EGF in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the EGF-binding capacity to its receptor in gingival tissue. The GCF samples were collected from six patients by inserting paper strips into shallow (< 5 mm) and deep pockets (≥5 mm) for 30 s. The strips were soaked in 0.2 M acetate for extraction and the EGF in the supernatants was analysed by radioimmunoassay. To determine the binding capacity of EGF to its receptor, inflamed gingival tissues (pocket depth ≥ 5 mm, Gingival index = 1, 2 or 3) were collected during periodontal flap surgery and non-inflamed gingival tissues (pocket depth < 5 mm, Gingival Index = 0) were collected during surgical ‘crown lengthening’ for aesthetic purposes. The tissues were pooled by group, homogenized for membrane preparation and the supernatants obtained after centrifugation were used in a 125IEGF binding assay. To determine the effect of inflammation on gingival EGF receptor, inflamed and non-inflamed gingival tissues were collected from six patients and prepared similarly to the binding assay. Gingival preparations were then electrophoresed for Western blot anslysis with EGF receptor antiserum. The EGF level in GCF was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the samples collected from pockets ≥ 5 mm (0.9 ± 0.6 ng/ml) than in those from pockets < 5 mm (2.4 ± 2.1 ng/ml). The average Gingival Index was higher (2.6 ± 0.6) in pockets ≥ 5 mm than in pockets < 5 mm (1.4 ± 1.0). Specific binding of 125I-EGF to its receptor in inflamed gingiva was 2.7-fold higher than in non-inflamed gingiva (14.4 ± 4.9 vs 5.4 ± 1.8 fmol/g wet tissue). Western blot analysis showed two major immunoreactive bands (180 and 120 kDa), which represent EGF receptor and its degradation products, in inflamed gingiva. The findings show that inflammation activates EGF binding capacity in gingiva and that the up-regulation of EGF receptor in inflamed gingiva might be associated with a lowered concentration of EGF in GCF produced adjacent to inflamed gingiva. This up-regulation of EGF receptor during inflammation might be an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.