cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the behavior of accruals in the semiconductor industry: 1985*

. In this paper we empirically assess unusual accrual behavior in the U.S. semiconductor industry in 1985. In this year, individual semiconductor firms, the Semiconductor Industry Association, and the Reagan administration filed briefs with the Department of Commerce seeking relief from alleged unfair trade practices by Japanese semiconductor firms. For trade relief to be granted, the International Trade Commission must find that the domestic industry has been injured by the foreign industry behavior. An inquiry into injury includes an assessment of the profitability of the domestic industry. We believe this provides an incentive to semiconductor firms to “manage” accruals to report lower earnings in 1985. As a control measure, we perform an identical analysis on a sample of computer firms. Computer firms are subject to similar macroeconomic forces as the semiconductor industry but had no incentive to manage accruals in 1985 due to trade policy negotiations. The computer firm analysis reveals no unusual accrual behavior. Resume. Les auteures procedent a l'evaluation empirique du traitement inhabituel des produits a recevoir et des charges a payer dans les entreprises du secteur des semiconducteurs, aux Etats-Unis, en 1985. Cette annee-la, certaines entreprises du secteur, la Semiconductor Industry Association et l'administration Reagan ont depose des memoires devant le Department of Commerce, reclamant le redressement de pratiques commerciales jugees deloyales de la part des entreprises japonaises oeuvrant dans ce secteur. Pour qu'un redressement soit accorde, l'International Trade Commission doit demontrer que le comportement des entreprises etrangeres du secteur a porte prejudice aux entreprises nationales. L'enquete destinee a etablir s'il y a prejudice comporte une evaluation de la rentabilite du secteur a l'echelle nationale. Les auteures estiment qu'il s'agit la d'une invitation pour ces entreprises de traiter les produits a recevoir et les charges a payer de maniere a faire etat de benefices plus faibles en 1985. Elles concluent a une modification inhabituelle, statistiquement significative, des comptes de regularisation (ex.: produits a recevoir et charges a payer) de 1985. Elles procedent a une analyse identique sur un echantillon d'entreprises du secteur informatique servant de groupe de controle. Ces entreprises sont l'objet de forces macroeconomiques analogues a celles que subissent les entreprises du secteur des semi-conducteurs, mais aucune negociation de politique commerciale ne les incite a traiter les comptes de regularisation d'une facon particuliere, en 1985. L'analyse des entreprises du secteur de l'informatique ne revele aucun traitement inhabituel des comptes de regularisation.
Physician assistants and nurse practitioners: a missing component in state workforce assessments

Due to current or predicted health workforce shortages, policy makers worldwide are addressing issues of task allocation, skill mix, and role substitution. This article presents an example of this process in the United States (US). Health workforce analysts recommend that US physician workforce planning account for the impact of physician assistants (PAs) and nurse practitioners (NPs). We examined 40 state workforce assessments in order to identify best practices for including PAs/NPs. Most assessments (about 60%) did not include PAs/NPs in provider counts, workforce projections or recommendations. Only 35% enumerated PAs/NPs. Best practices included use of an accurate data source, such as state licensing data, and combined workforce planning for PAs, NPs, and physicians. Our findings suggest that interprofessional medical workforce planning is not the norm among the states in the US. The best practices that we identify may be instructive to states as they develop methods for assessing workforce adequacy. Our discussion of potential barriers to interprofessional workforce planning may be useful to policy makers worldwide as they confront issues related to professional boundaries and interprofessional workforce planning.
Capsaicin blocks HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir-induced vascular dysfunction in porcine pulmonary arteries

Background Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) including HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir may be associated with the clinical complications including accelerated atherosclerosis and pulmonary artery hypertension. The objective of this study was to determine whether capsaicin, a major ingredient of hot pepper with antioxidative property, could effectively inhibit ritonavir-induced oxidative injury in porcine pulmonary arteries.
Paleohydrologic Implications of Some Pluvial Lakes in Northwestern New South Wales, Australia

Some internally draining lakes in northwestern New South Wales, Australia, are contained in structural basins but owe their lack of external outlets to arid climate. Former high lake shorelines are defined in part by precipitated crusts or by deltas. Radiocarbon dating, although as yet less than satisfactory, suggests that the high lake stands occurred not later than about 14,500 B.P. They may eventually be correlated with lacustrine episodes that, elsewhere in inland New South Wales, occurred in the range 23,500 to 15,500 B.P. Whether or not the lakes under discussion existed at the time of maximum cold is uncertain; but they were indubitably associated with low paleotemperatures. Reconstruction of former temperatures involves little or no controversy. Use of paleotemperatures to reconstruct former evaporation rates produces results that stand up well to checking. Manipulation of the equilibrium equations for closed lakes produces precipitation equations that involve evaporation, area ratio between lake and rest of basin, and evapotranspiration. Empirical studies and some paleohydrologic work supply values or ranges of evapotranspiration and basin loss. Even in the lowest observed or estimated range of evapotranspiration, the precipitation equations indicate former precipitation about 50 percent greater than that of today. Calculation of evapotranspiration rates for former conditions of radiation and temperature and for a range of sunshine incidence, and entry of these rates into the precipitation equations, show that very low values of sunshine incidence would be required to drive calculated precipitation down to, or below, today9s levels. That is to say, any hypothesis that the former high lake stands were associated with reduced precipitation demands inordinately low rates of evapotranspiration, plus a combination of reduced precipitation with inordinately high cloudiness.
Analytical structure of a two-input two-output fuzzy controller

This study investigates the analytical structure of a two-input two-output fuzzy controller which employs triangular-shaped input fuzzy sets, trapezoidal-shaped output fuzzy sets, linear control rules, probabilistic AND fuzzy logic, Lukasiewcz OR fuzzy logic, Mamdani's minimum inference method and a center of gravity defuzzification algorithm. The structure of the fuzzy controller is proven to be the sum of global 4D multilevel relays and local nonlinear proportional-integral (PI) controllers with variable gains continuously changing with process outputs. The global multilevel relays play a major role in determining control action of the fuzzy controller while the local PI controllers locally fine tune the control action of the relays. As the number of control rules approaches /spl infin/, each global 4D multilevel relay becomes the sum of two global linear PI controllers while the local PI controllers disappear. >
Autopsy findings in a severely affected infant with a 2q terminal deletion.

We describe a 37-week gestation female infant who was born with a terminal 2q deletion. Both of her parents had normal chromosomes. This infant had multiple anomalies, including hypertelorism, short palpebral fissures, microphthalmia, cleft lip/cleft palate, and abnormal ears. Autopsy documented Dandy-Walker malformation with severe hydrocephalus, aortopulmonary window, secundum atrial septal defect, duodenal atresia, incomplete rotation of the bowel, gonadal dysgenesis, uterus didelphys, and musculoskeletal defects. Compared with the other 6 children with 2q terminal deletion documented in the literature, this patient is the most severely affected. This patient is also the only one documented to have died and undergone autopsy examination. The findings in this case provide more data for the eventual description of a “terminal 2q deletion syndrome” and suggest that some abnormalities, such as gonadal dysgenesis, may be present in living children with this chromosome abnormality. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ultrawideband microwave-radar conceptual design

This paper outlines the special considerations that characterize the design of an UWB radar for the detection of low-altitude missiles over the sea. It discusses the factors which enter into the choice of frequency, and the selection of the transmitter, antenna, and receiver. Reviewed are signal processing issues concerning detection of UWB signals in noise and clutter, nondoppler MTI based on the pulse-to-pulse change in range due to target motion, measurement of target height based on multipath time delay, and target recognition. As the investigation progressed, the authors became disappointed with the available UWB technology, but encouraged about the potential advantages of UWB for this application. The chief limitation of UWB radar that must be overcome before applications are viable is its poor electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). >
Neoadjuvante Therapie beim ösophaguskarzinom — erhöhte perioperative Komplikationsrate?

Zielsetzung: Da die Ergebnisse in der Behandlung von osophaguskarzinomen unbefriedigend sind, wurden multimodale Therapieverfahren eingefuhrt. Die praoperative Radio-Chemotherapie (RCX) fuhrt bei Patienten mit einem kompletten Tumorresponse (CR) nach Resektion zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung der 5-Jahres-uberlebensrate. Umstritten ist, ob die praoperative RCX zu einer erhohten perioperativen Morbiditat/Mortalitat fuhrt. Wir haben daher unsere eigenen Ergebnisse der praoperativen RCX uberpruft. Material und Methoden: Zwischen 1994 und 1999 erhielten alle Patienten (n = 56) mit einem osopha guskarzinom T > 1, MO eine praoperative RCX bei gegebener allgemeiner Operabilitat. Die postoperative Morbiditat wurde unterschieden in operative und allgemeine Komplikationen. Verglichen wurde diese Gruppe mit einer historischen Kontrolle, die zwischen 1991 und 1994 konsekutiv operiert wurden (n = 32). Zur statistischen Analyse wurden uni- und multivariate Verfahren angewendet. Ergebnisse: Bei Vergleichbarkeit der Anzahl transmediastinaler (n = 17) und thorako-abdominaler (n = 71) Zugange und praoperativer Komorbiditat zeigte die multivariate Analyse eine signifikante Zunahme an Rekurrensschaden und Pneumonien nach praoperativer RCX (p = 0,009). Einen Unterschied der Ergebnisse zwischen Adeno- und Platteneepithelkarzinomen (n = 25/63) wurde nicht beobachtet. Die Haufigkeit an Anastomoseninsuffizienzen (34% vs. 22%) war ebenso wenig wie die Rate der perioperativen Krankenhausletalitat signifikant erhoht (14% vs. 15%). Unsere Langzeitergebnisse bestatigen ein uberlebensvorteil fur die Patienten mit einer CR, die in 26% der Patienten erreicht wurde, gegenuber der historischen Kontrolle bzw. den Non-Respondern (p = 0,0051) (median: 27 vs. 14 Monate). Zusammenfassungg: Die praoperative RCX fuhrt zu einer Steigerung der perioperativen Morbiditat, die nicht nur Patienten mit einer CR betreffen. Ob die erhohte Rate an Rekurrensschaden durch die Lymphadenektomie in dem bestrahlten Gebiet hervorgerufen wurde, kann in unserer Analyse nicht bewiesen werden.
Coma Blisters in the Setting of Quetiapine Overdose: Case Report and Review of Literature

Background: Skin lesions and blistering in the overdose patient, most notably associated with barbiturate overdoses, are commonly referred to as coma blisters, ‘barb blisters’, or ‘barb burns’. We present a patient who was noted to have skin lesions including bullae and blistering following a prolonged coma after quetiapine overdose. Case report: A 27 year old male presented to our institution with the history of having ingested 7,200 mg of quetiapine in a suicide attempt up to 35 hours prior to being discovered. The patient was found comatose, and was noted to have multiple vesicles on his right ankle and a firm, erythematous plaque and bullae on his right thigh. Discussion: Sequelae related to prolonged immobility of any cause may include injury to muscle, vascular, microvascular and cutaneous structures. Coma blisters differ from pressure ulcers in many ways and cannot be graded using the typical staging system. Histopathologic analysis suggests an array of microvascular injuries which are secondary to direct pressure injury as well as specific drug effect. Conclusion: This is the first description of a dermatologic manifestation attributed to coma from isolated quetiapine overdose. Blister formation can be considered as a possible complication of quetiapine overdose.
Modeling P450 SItes of Metabolism (LB596)

Our group has been working on ways to improve the design and use of P450 modeling technologies. This is important because a large proportion of drugs are metabolized by P450 enzymes, and variants i...
Introduction to the World Bank flagship course on health systems strengthening and health financing.

In June 2010 an introduction to the World Bank Flagship Course on Health Systems Strengthening and Health Financing was conducted in Suva Fiji marking the first time this program has been presented in the Pacific. The “Flagship Program” is widely regarded as the World Bank Institute’s most successful and longstanding capacity-building initiative in health in developing countries. It is an instrument that has demonstrated added value and is available to local organizations to help scale up efforts to strengthen health systems in low and middle income countries. The course was made possible by the joint collaborative efforts of the World Bank Institute (WBI) the Nossal Institute for Global Health (NIGH) the Asia Network for Health Systems Strengthening (ANHS) and the Center for Health Information Policy and Systems Research (CHIPSR) through the Fiji School of Medicine. A total of 12 countries were represented and included participants from Solomon Islands Samoa Papua New Guinea Fiji and Australia. The 43 participants came from Government health ministries regional organizations United Nations organizations (WHO UNFPA) and donor organizations. This conference report discusses the origins of the WBI flagship course lessons and outcomes arising from the course course feedback from participants and outcomes arising from the evaluation team.
Meta Clustering

Clustering is ill-defined. Unlike supervised learning where labels lead to crisp performance criteria such as accuracy and squared error, clustering quality depends on how the clusters will be used. Devising clustering criteria that capture what users need is difficult. Most clustering algorithms search for optimal clusterings based on a pre-specified clustering criterion. Our approach differs. We search for many alternate clusterings of the data, and then allow users to select the clustering(s) that best fit their needs. Meta clustering first finds a variety of clusterings and then clusters this diverse set of clusterings so that users must only examine a small number of qualitatively different clusterings. We present methods for automatically generating a diverse set of alternate clusterings, as well as methods for grouping clusterings into meta clusters. We evaluate meta clustering on four test problems and two case studies. Surprisingly, clusterings that would be of most interest to users often are not very compact clusterings.
Coadsorption phase diagram for C H 4 ∕ C Cl 4 on graphite

We present an extensive thermodynamic study of methane coadsorbed on graphite precoated with a saturated monolayer of carbon tetrachloride. A combination of heat capacity and volumetric equation of state data permit construction of the multilayer coadsorption phase diagram between 70 and $115\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. Displacement of the preadsorbed $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{4}$ by $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ occurs by a continuous process across the temperature range studied. While the continuous nature of the transition implies a single phase mixed film during displacement, the observation of a commensurability transition characteristic of $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ on bare graphite suggests the emergence of order in the coadsorbed $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ in the early stages of displacement. At low temperatures and multilayer coverages, the coadsorption phase diagram shows small but measurable differences from the pure $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ data, indicating that the multilayer film formed after displacement is not identical to that of $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ in the absence of $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{4}$. At higher temperatures, a new first order phase transition is observed to correspond with the completion of displacement. One interpretation is that the phase boundary represents the melting of a nearly pure $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ monolayer solid into a mixed liquid film phase, with the size of the melting point depression indicating a concentration of nearly 1% $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{4}$ in the liquid phase.
Further Host Range Studies on the Bluegrass Billbug, Sphenophorus parvulus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

During 1973 to 1975, 29 entries of 11 grass species and their cultivars which could be utilized as turf were examined for the presence of larvae of the bluegrass billbug, Sphenophorus parvulus Gyllenhal. Of all species examined, only Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis L., showed significant infestations of S. parvulus larvae, with mean densities ranging from 3.05 to 14.45 larvae per 9.3 dm2 in 1974 and 1975. In 1975, the 13 Kentucky bluegrass cultivars used in the previous test were also utilized to determine possible associations between number of billbug larvae and number of live stems and thatch thicknesses per 9.3 dm2. Positive correlations existed between billbug larvae per 9.3 dm2 and number of live stems per 9.3 dm2 (r = 0.590; P < 0.01) and between billbug larvae per 9.3 dm2 and thatch thickness (r = 0.826; P < 0.01).
A variance-based Bayesian framework for improving Land-Cover classification through wide-area learning from large geographic regions

A wide-area learner.Efficient sampling for training.Classify with variances. Common to much work on land-cover classification in multispectral imagery is the use of single satellite images for training the classifiers for the different land types. Unfortunately, more often than not, decision boundaries derived in this manner do not extrapolate well from one image to another. This happens for several reasons, most having to do with the fact that different satellite images correspond to different view angles on the earth's surface, different sun angles, different seasons, and so on.In this paper, we get around these limitations of the current state-of-the-art by first proposing a new integrated representation for all of the images, overlapping and non-overlapping, that cover a large geographic ROI (Region of Interest). In addition to helping understand the data variability in the images, this representation also makes it possible to create the ground truth that can be used for ROI-based wide-area learning of the classifiers. We use this integrated representation in a new Bayesian framework for data classification that is characterized by: (1) learning of the decision boundaries from a sampling of all the satellite data available for an entire geographic ROI; (2) probabilistic modeling of within-class and between-class variations, as opposed to the more traditional probabilistic modeling of the "feature vectors" extracted from the measurement data; and (3) using variance-based ML (maximum-likelihood) and MAP (maximum a posteriori) classifiers whose decision boundary calculations incorporate all of the multi-view data for a geographic point if that point is selected for learning and testing.We show results with the new classification framework for an ROI in Chile whose size is roughly 10,000 square kilometers. This ROI is covered by 189 satellite images with varying degrees of overlap. We compare the classification performance of the proposed ROI-based framework with the results obtained by extrapolating the decision boundaries learned from a single image to the entire ROI. Using a 10-fold cross-validation test, we demonstrate significant increases in the classification accuracy for five of the six land-cover classes. In addition, we show that our variance based Bayesian classifier outperforms a traditional Support Vector Machine (SVM) based approach to classification for four out of six classes.
Evidence for an internal-field-induced spin-flop configuration in the extended kagome YBaCo 4 O 7

The spin structure and spin dynamics in the extended kagome frustrated antiferromagnet YBaCo${}_{4}$O${}_{7}$ have been investigated using zero field and low applied field ${}^{59}$Co NMR. The YBaCo${}_{4}$O${}_{7}$ lattice is made up of bipyramid Co-ion units that form alternating planes of edge-sharing spin triangles and corner-sharing kagome spin triangles in an unusual exchange topology. Our low-temperature spin configuration results, based on hyperfine field orientations, are consistent with those from neutron scattering for the triangle spins which order antiferromagnetically below 106 K. For the kagome spins at low temperatures the static hyperfine fields are found to be oriented orthogonal to those of the triangle spins in a spin-flop configuration that is in disagreement with the neutron findings. Nuclear relaxation rate measurements made as a function of temperature show that inhomogeneous dynamic spin disorder occurs in kagome planes well below the N\'eel point.
Abstract 15656: Global Intracoronary Infusion of Allogeneic Cardiosphere-Derived Cells (CDCs) Immediately After Reperfusion Stimulates Myocyte Regeneration in Remote Viable Myocardium in Swine With Acute Myocardial Infarction

Introduction: Previous studies evaluating regenerative strategies have focused on administering stem cells to the infarct related artery. Unfortunately, this does not stimulate cardiac regeneration...
Close meeting with U. S. Food and Drug Administration for new drug development

When a new drug goes into clinical trials stage,the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA) starts its oversight.Sponsor is able to request meeting with FDA for comments in order to comply with related regulations.According to an authoritative survey,the more meeting with FDA is requested by sponsor,the higher rate of first-round approval achieves.This article introduces the close meetings between FDA and sponsor.
Intensity-dependent EMG response for the biceps brachii during sustained maximal and submaximal isometric contractions.

There have been recent attempts to characterize the mechanisms associated with fatigue-induced task failure. We compared the time to failure and the corresponding changes in the surface electromyogram (EMG) during sustained maximal and submaximal isometric force tasks. EMG activity was measured from the biceps brachii of 18 male participants as they sustained either a maximal or submaximal (60 % MVC) isometric contraction of the dominant elbow flexors until force could not be maintained above 55 % MVC. Intensity-dependent patterns of change were observed for EMG amplitude and mean power frequency (MNF) between the two force tasks. Interestingly, the only significant predictor of failure time was the rate of change in EMG MNF during the submaximal task (r 2 = 0.304). In addition, EMG amplitude at submaximal failure was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the values obtained during MVC. The patterns of EMG response emphasize the basis of neuromuscular fatigue and task dependency. Additionally, our data suggest that the EMG MNF should be used when monitoring the progression of local muscle fatigue.
Flow boiling of R245fa in a microgap with integrated staggered pin fins

We present an experimental study of two phase flow of refrigerant R245fa in a pin fin enhanced microgap for a range of heat fluxes between 151 W/cm2 to 326 W/cm2. The gap has a base surface area of 1cm × 1cm and height of 200 µm. An array of hydrofoil shaped pin fins covers from bottom to top of the microgap. The pin fins have chord length, longitudinal pitch, and transversal pitch of 75µm, 450µm and 225µm, respectively. On the back side of the chip, four platinum heaters are fabricated and electrically powered in series to enable two phase flow in the microgap, which was part of a pumped flow loop. Heater and surface temperature data were obtained versus heat flux dissipated. Flow visualization was performed using a high speed camera in the heat flux range from 151 W/cm2 to 326 W/cm2. The amount of heat loss across the test section is also provided.
Variability of Seizure Classification

One senior neurologist (JBB) from the Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, W.Va., USA, and three neurology residents from the University of Oklahoma, Harvard Unitersity, and W.Va. University reviewed descriptions of seizures transcribed from medical records and classified them according to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Classification system, 1981.
Topological analysis of the steady-state mean-square deviation in noisy consensus

We study the relationship between the structure of a network and the steady-state mean-square error in the standard consensus protocol with additive noise. This error is closely related to the eigenvalues of the protocol iteration matrix. We then study the relationship between the structural features of the network and the relevant eigenvalues using tools from algebraic graph theory. Our results allow us to find a set of structural features that strongly influence the mean-square error of the noisy consensus protocol.
Yogurt — A Compositional Survey in the Greater Lansing Area1

Prompted by numerous consumer inquiries and several reports in the literature, this survey was undertaken to monitor the composition of yogurt in the mid-Michigan market. Forty-seven samples representing six brands were analyzed. Mean values ± standard deviation for the content of protein (Kjeldahl), fat (Mojonnier) and total solids (Mojonnier), pH and net weights were measured. The data are presented by product category, i.e. low-fat flavored, low-fat plain, full-fat flavored, full-fat plain, and cumulated for all samples. Wide variations in chemical composition were observed between and within brands surveyed. Mean values for all flavored samples surveyed (N = 42) were 4.34% protein, 2.34% fat, 25.88% total solids and 4.01 pH. Corresponding values for all plain samples surveyed were 5.68, 2.86, 16.90 and 4.23, respectively. The data show that 25% of all samples analyzed were greater than 6.6% overweight while 10.6% of the yogurts surveyed weighed less than the declared container net weight. Caloric values for flavored yogurts ranged widely. Mean caloric values for flavored, low-fat and full-fat brands were 106 and 121 cal/100 g, respectively. In general, the results indicate that commercial yogurt would benefit from closer composition control.
Air Cover and Ground Mobilization: Integrating Entertainment-Education Broadcasts With Community Listening and Service Delivery in India

The young woman quoted above listens regularly to the radio serial, Taru, broadcast by All India Radio (AIR), the Indian national radio network. Her father, Shailendra Singh, is a rural health practitioner (RHP) in Kamtaul Village in Bihar State, and a respected public ﬁgure (in summer 2002 he was elected a Ward Commissioner). Singh’s health clinic is called a Titly (Butterﬂy2) Center, and is part of a network of 20,000 rural health practitioners, organized by Janani, a nongovernmental organization that promotes reproductive health care services in the poor Indian States of Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and Chattisgarh. These four States have a population of 190 million people; the highest fertility, infant mortality, and maternal death rates in India; and the lowest literacy and contraceptive prevalence rates.3
Production of Furfural from Process-Relevant Biomass-Derived Pentoses in a Biphasic Reaction System

Furfural is an important fuel precursor which can be converted to hydrocarbon fuels and fuel intermediates. In this work, the production of furfural by dehydration of process-relevant pentose rich corn stover hydrolyzate using a biphasic batch reaction system has been investigated. Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and toluene have been used to extract furfural and enhance overall furfural yield by limiting its degradation to humins. The effects of reaction time, temperature, and acid concentration (H2SO4) on pentose conversion and furfural yield were investigated. For the dehydration of 8 wt % pentose-rich corn stover hydrolyzate under optimum reaction conditions, 0.05 M H2SO4, 170 °C for 20 min with MIBK as the solvent, complete conversion of xylose (98–100%) and a furfural yield of 80% were obtained. Under these same conditions, except with toluene as the solvent, the furfural yield was 77%. Additionally, dehydration of process-relevant pentose rich corn stover hydrolyzate using solid acid ion-exchange res...
E-beam and optical reticle generation

An overview is provided of the technologies and architectures incorporated into commercial pattern generators as they apply to current and expected state-of-theart reticle requirements, and a fundamental assessment and comparison is made of the various approaches being used. The assessments are made with respect to pattern accuracy (pattern placement and feature size), data handling, and throughput; then projected over time in the light of key technical trends and requirements. While at any particular time the comparison of different machine architectures and technologies is heavily influenced by the effectiveness with which they are being implemented, from a fundamental perspective it is shown that raster scan systems have advantages in accuracy and data handling, and vector scan systems have an advantage in throughput. Based on projections of machine technical capabilities it is concluded that both architectures are capable of meeting reticle needs through and beyond the 256M generation of technologies, and that the major challenge is data handling. Most of the necessary performance improvements for all machines are expected to come from processing improvements and from data-path and printing strategy optimization (including multipass printing for error averaging) rather than only from printing-path architectural or hardware improvements.
Cooperative distributed energy scheduling for smart homes applying stochastic model predictive control

In this study, distributed energy resources scheduling problem of the set of smart homes (SHs) is investigated considering their cooperation with their neighbors and applying a stochastic model predictive control (MPC). Herein, every SH has a variety of sources and each SH is able to transact power with the local distribution company (DISCO) through the grid and with other connected SHs. The challenges of problem include modeling the technical and economic constraints of sources and dealing with the variability and uncertainties concerned with the power of photovoltaic (PV) panels that make the problem a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP), dynamic, and stochastic optimization problem. In order to handle the variability and uncertainties of problem, a stochastic MPC is applied. The numerical study demonstrates that cooperation of SHs in the energy scheduling problem has a high potential for minimizing operation cost of SHs.
Whole earth field guide

The recently celebrated 50th anniversary of the 1966 San Francisco Trips Festival honored a critical moment of physical convergence of countercultural forces that ricocheted out from that moment an...
Cancer screening behaviors among spouses in a nationally representative sample.

1577 Background: Spouses are known to behave similarly across a range of health behaviors, however, little is known about how each spouse influences the other’s cancer screening behavior. Using a u...
SUBSTRATE MODIFICATION FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SYMPTOMATIC BRUGADA SYNDROME: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Ablation techniques have been described for the management of symptomatic Brugada syndrome, but this treatment is still considered experimental. We performed a systematic review of the current evidence on substrate modification to manage patients with symptomatic Brugada syndrome. PubMed, Embase
Space-time analysis of high technology entrepreneurship: A comparison of California and New England

Abstract Entrepreneurship or new firm formation has been recognized as one of the major driving forces behind regional economic development. This study focuses on high technology entrepreneurship in California and New England, two of the most entrepreneurial regions in the United States. We compare and contrast the spatial-temporal patterns of high technology entrepreneurship at the county level in these two regions. Further, we run spatial panel regressions to identify locational factors associated with high technology startup activity and find heterogeneous results between California and New England. The spatial panel regression results reported in this research are also different from cross-sectional studies in the literature, addressing the need for integrating the temporal dimension in regional studies of entrepreneurship. Policy implications are discussed based on empirical findings.
Addition of fumaric acid and sodium benzoate as an alternative method to achieve a 5-log reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 populations in apple cider

A study was conducted to develop a preservative treatment capable of the Food and Drug Administration-mandated 5-log reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 populations in apple cider. Unpreserved apple cider was treated with generally recognized as safe acidulants and preservatives before inoculation with E. coli O157:H7 in test tubes and subjected to mild heat treatments (25, 35, and 45 degrees C) followed by refrigerated storage (4 degrees C). Fumaric acid had significant (P < 0.05) bactericidal effect when added to cider at 0.10% (wt/vol) and adjusted to pH 3.3, but citric and malic acid had no effect. Strong linear correlation (R2 = 0.96) between increasing undissociated fumaric acid concentrations and increasing log reductions of E. coli O157:H7 in apple cider indicated the undissociated acid to be the bactericidal form. The treatment that achieved the 5-log reduction in three commercial ciders was the addition of fumaric acid (0.15%, wt/vol) and sodium benzoate (0.05%, wt/vol) followed by holding at 25 degrees C for 6 h before 24 h of refrigeration at 4 degrees C. Subsequent experiments revealed that the same preservatives added to cider in flasks resulted in a more than 5-log reduction in less than 5 and 2 h when held at 25 and 35 degrees C, respectively. The treatment also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced total aerobic counts in commercial ciders to populations less than those of pasteurized and raw ciders from the same source (after 5 and 21 days of refrigerated storage at 4 degrees C, respectively). Sensory evaluation of the same ciders revealed that consumers found the preservative-treated cider to be acceptable.
Targeting the House Size: Discrepancy Distribution

Technical aspects are discussed that are common to all seat apportionment methods. Typical calculations start with an initial apportionment that, while aiming at the target house size, misses it by some discrepancy. The range of variation of the discrepancy is analyzed. For stationary divisor methods an initialization with an appropriately adjusted divisor is recommended. The discrepancy distribution is determined in two models. One model assumes that the vote shares are uniformly distributed, and allows the house size to be finite. The other model assumes that the distribution of the vote shares is absolutely continuous, and lets the house size grow to infinity. An invariance principle shows that the associated discrepancy distributions converge to a limit that is a convolution of uniformly distributed rounding residuals.
Pediatric spinal trauma: injuries in very young children.

Injuries to the spine in very young children are comparatively rare. The prevalence of upper cervical injuries and spinal cord injuries is greater. Spinal cord injury is more common in young children and fracture is less common than in older children and adolescents. This is because of the anatomic
Strasbourg and Bourbaki

While I was in India, my mother had kept me up to date on the eventful life led by my sister (the trollesse, or female troll, as we called her within the family) in Le Puy, where she had obtained her first appointment as a philosophy professor in a girls’ lycee. Her activities during that year, and the following ones, have been described in colorful detail in Petrement’s biography; I will not duplicate that information here. Suffice it to say that because Simone had been so bold as to shake hands with unemployed workers in a public square, and then to accompany their delegation to the town council, the school administration had threatened her with disciplinary action. This news had reached me just when I was fighting my own battles with the administration at Aligarh, and naturally I was enchanted with the way my sister stood up to the authorities. I had written her a letter of congratulations, saluting her as “Amazing Phenomenon” — to which she replied addressing me philosophically as “noumenon.” Le Puy was part of the Clermont school district. On my way back to Paris in May 1932, I stopped at Clermont, where I had friends, and took advantage of the opportunity to visit the rector. He seemed rather amused by my sister’s exploits, which must indeed have furnished an entertaining diversion from the routine of his administrative functions. He told me that the climate in Le Puy was “not good for her, really not good.” Knowing that by then she
Sudden and Adiabatic Approximations

So far, we have considered only time-independent and periodic time-dependent perturbations. One of the common time-dependent problems in quantum mechanics involves the turning on or off of a perturbing term, e.g., an external field. In general, the details of turning on or off of time-dependent perturbations are too difficult to solve. Two limiting cases exist, however, that are both important and that can be treated in detail with good accuracy: the sudden and the adiabatic approximations.
Sorption, Structure and Dynamics of CO₂ and Ethane in Silicalite at High Pressure: A Combined Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study.

Silicalite is an important nanoporous material that finds applications in several industries, including gas separation and catalysis. While the sorption, structure, and dynamics of several molecules confined in the pores of silicalite have been reported, most of these studies have been restricted to low pressures. Here we report a comparative study of sorption, structure, and dynamics of CO2 and ethane in silicalite at high pressures (up to 100 bar) using a combination of Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The behavior of the two fluids is studied in terms of the simulated sorption isotherms, the positional and orientational distribution of sorbed molecules in silicalite, and their translational diffusion, vibrational spectra, and rotational motion. Both CO2 and ethane are found to exhibit orientational ordering in silicalite pores; however, at high pressures, while CO2 prefers to reside in the channel intersections, ethane molecules reside mostly in the sinusoidal channels. While CO2 exhibits a higher self-diffusion coefficient than ethane at low pressures, at high pressures, it becomes slower than ethane. Both CO2 and ethane exhibit rotational motion at two time scales. At both time scales, the rotational motion of ethane is faster. The differences observed here in the behavior of CO2 and ethane in silicalite pores can be seen as a consequence of an interplay of the kinetic diameter of the two molecules and the quadrupole moment of CO2.
Non-suicidal self-injury and electroconvulsive therapy: Outcomes in adolescent and young adult populations.

Abstract Background Electroconvulsive (ECT) therapy is a highly effective treatment for severe depression. Although the clear majority of patients respond to ECT, not all do, and we still lack good predictors for ECT outcome, especially in adolescents and young adults. One clinical variable that has been associated with reduced likelihood of ECT antidepressant response in adults is comorbid borderline personality disorder. As self-injurious behavior is often a feature of borderline personality disorder, we hypothesized that adolescent and young adult patients with a history of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), who were being treated for major depression with ECT, would have a poorer response than patients without such a history. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of 48 patients treated with ECT for depression at The Johns Hopkins Hospital between the ages of 14 and 25. Results Initial analyses showed that the presence of NSSI was not associated with ECT outcomes. However, sub-group analyses suggested that it was associated with response to ECT and overall remission among female patients. Specifically, the results suggested that in adolescent and young adult female ECT patients, the presence of NSSI was associated with lower odds of response (OR: 0.04; 95% CI: 0.0004, 0.81, p = 0.03) and remission (OR: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.0000, 0.81, p = 0.03), and a greater mean number of treatments (5.83; 95% CI: 0.27, 11.39, p = 0.04) compared with patients without NSSI. Conclusions Clearly, the finding that NSSI may be associated with poorer ECT outcomes among female patients needs to be replicated. Nonetheless, our data suggest caution when considering an adolescent or young adult woman for a course of ECT.
Assessing the Effectiveness of V-BID Implementations

DISCLOSURES: No outside funding supported the writing of this letter. Fendrick discloses consulting relationships with AbbVie, Amgen, Centivo, Community Oncology Association, Department of Defense,...
1279 Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy in an 18 Week Sized Uterus with Persistent Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

Video Objective To describe and illustrate an innovative minimally invasive surgical technique to allow a total laparoscopic hysterectomy with safe and feasible extraction of an 18 week sized uterus with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). Setting The patient is a 44 year old G4P2012 with a diagnosis of GTN, status post dilation and evacuation with increasing b-hCG levels during follow-up. Workup for metastatic disease was negative. She completed childbearing and opted for a hysterectomy as definitive treatment. Interventions Intraoperatively, the uterus appeared to be 18 weeks in size. Laparoscopic dissection started by bilateral salpingectomy and transection of the utero-ovarian ligaments, preserving the ovaries. The broad ligament was then skeletonized, and the round ligaments were transected bilaterally. The bladder flap was created, and the uterine vessels were transected bilaterally using an advanced bipolar device. A sponge on a stick soaked in methylene blue was used to delineate the cervix and vagina. The cervix was then dilated to 14’’ and evacuation was performed using 12" suction. The suction continued until all products were removed and the uterus was significantly smaller in size. The colpotomy was performed and the uterus was extracted intact. Conclusion This is the first case in the literature to describe a minimally invasive technique that demonstrates a safe and feasible laparoscopic removal of an enlarged uterus and illustrates alternative extraction techniques to avoid laparotomy in GTN. In this case, a combination of laparoscopic transection of vascular pedicles followed by a dilation and evacuation was used prior to colpotomy. The addition of dilation and evacuation allowed us to reduce the overall size of the uterus and remove it intact through the vagina with minimal bleeding, avoiding unnecessary laparotomy. This allowed the patient to have a faster post-surgical recovery, minimal blood loss (EBL 20) and no hospitalization in comparison to standard laparotomy for persistent GTN.
Multimodal Imaging to Identify and Characterize a P3 Cystic Lesion and Pathologic Fracture.

Abstract Lameness remains a common cause of retirement in the equine athlete and among hobby enthusiasts. The distal limb is one of the most frequently imaged areas, and recent advances in diagnostic imaging capabilities help practicing veterinarians differentiate normal variants from informative pathology. Although acute, non–weight-bearing lameness is commonly associated with etiologies, such as fractures, abscesses, and laminitis, other uncommon differentials such as cystic lesions and neoplasia might also be considered. This report describes the characterization of a large, cystic lesion in the third phalanx (P3), which resulted in an acute, pathologic fracture. The lesion was fully characterized with the use of postmortem magnetic resonance imaging, gross pathology, and histopathology.
Fine-Needle Aspiration in Breast Cancer Staging

While fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is no longer the standard for the primary diagnosis of breast cancer, the quasi-immediate cytological diagnosis of another minute focus of cancer in another quadrant of the breast and the diagnosis of an early lymph node metastasis via a 30-second FNA have revolutionized the local and regional staging of invasive breast cancer. At MD Anderson Cancer Center, we have used ultrasound (US) and US-guided FNAs successfully for three decades for this purpose, and US-guided FNAs represent about half of all US-guided needle biopsies performed in our section on new patients presenting with breast cancer. This chapter covers the use of FNA to confirm multifocal and multicentric disease as part of the local staging of breast cancer and describes in detail the techniques and strategies of US-guided FNA of suspicious nodes in the various regional nodal basins. US and US-guided FNA provide the most effective regional staging of breast cancer available today. The occasional US detection and diagnosis via US-guided FNA of a distant metastasis are also covered.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with vitamin D status in newly diagnosed pediatric cancer patients.

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are associated with serious sequelae in childhood cancer survivors. However, data on vitamin D deficiency in children with newly diagnosed cancer are scarce a...
Femto Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery (FLACS)

For more than four decades, phaco – ultrasonic fragmentation of the lens – has been the standard for cataract surgery among developed countries. It was predictable, then, that eventually new technological innovations would give the cataract surgeon and their patient expanded options to cataract surgery. Recently a laser system – a femto second laser – was developed that performs multiple discrete procedure, both on the cornea and within the eye, that will assist the surgeon at cataract surgery before entering the eye.