cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patterns of U.S. migration from a Mexican sending community: a comparison of legal and illegal migrants.

This paper analyzes differences between legal and illegal Mexican migration to the United States as reflected by the migrant popula? tion of a rural, mestizo town in Michoacan, Mexico, in which 75 percent of families send migrants north on a periodic basis. Data collected during 1977-78 on a total town population numbering 2,621 inhabitants indicated that immigration stutus plays a key role in determining the size and composition of migrating parties, the duration of time spent away from home, and frequency of move? ment while in the United States. Compared to illegal migrants, it was found that legal migrants, or holders of U.S. resident visas, tended to migrate in larger groups and were much more likely to be accompanied by wives, children, and non-working dependents. The average period of time spent away from home by legal migrants each year also tended to be significantly less than that of illegals. Finally, legal migrants demonstrated far greater mobility while in the United States than illegals, both in terms of distances traveled and frequency of movement. This study is based on data gathered in the town of Guadalupe,1 located in the state of Michoacan, at the western edge of Mexico's central plateau. The central plateau states have had a tradition of migration to the U.S., dating to the late 19th and early 20th centuries (Gamio, 1930). Within this region, Michoacan has always figured as one of the heaviest contributors to the flow of out-country migrants bound for the United States (Saunders
Hürthle cell carcinoma in an autonomous thyroid nodule in an adolescent.

A 16-year-old girl presented with a palpable thyroid nodule which was found to be functioning autonomously by radioiodine (123I) scintigraphy. After needle biopsy proved nondiagnostic, surgical excision showed the nodule to be Hurthle cell carcinoma. Functional thyroid nodules are rarely malignant, thyroid carcinoma is rare in childhood, and Hurthle cell carcinoma is a rare thyroid neoplasm, so the presence of these three rare conditions in one patient makes it a very unusual case.
Analog neural networks for focal-plane image processing

Autonomous systems have to overcome two major problems in interpreting the data collected by sensors. These problems are due to the fact that multiple real world scenes can produce a given intensity distribution and that sensor data is often corrupted by noise. These problems can be solved by imposing certain a priori knowledge about the world to arrive at a unique solution. This reduces early vision problems to constrained optimization problems, which can be conveniently formulated as energy minimization problems in the framework of Regularization Theory. These energy functions can be implemented in analog hardware. This feature makes this approach very attractive for real time autonomous systems. We are presently developing algorithms and analog CMOS chips based on this approach for focal plane image processing.
Magnetic anisotropy as a tracer of crystal accumulation and transport, Middle Banded Series, Stillwater Complex, Montana

Abstract Fabric studies of layered mafic intrusions have led to improved understanding of the mechanical processes operating in large magma chambers, including crystal accumulation and crystal mush deformation. Such studies, however, are typically limited by a tradeoff between breadth (number of sites studied, characteristic of field-focused work) and sensitivity (ability to discern subtle fabric elements, characteristic of laboratory fabric analyses). Magnetic anisotropy, if analyzed in a systematic way and supported by single-crystal and petrofabric measurements, permits relatively rapid characterization of magmatic fabrics for large numbers of samples. Here we present the results of a study of remanence and susceptibility anisotropy from three transects through the Middle Banded Series of the Stillwater Complex, Montana. All three transects exhibit a magnetic foliation that increases with stratigraphic height up to the top of Olivine Bearing Zone III, consistent with crystal mush compaction. Perhaps more importantly, each transect is characterized by a subtle lineation in the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility with a consistent direction within that transect. The magnetic lineation directions, which generally coincide with crystallographic preferred orientations of silicate minerals, likely record a pre-compaction fabric. Lineation directions differ from one transect to another, implying that the process generating the lineation – either slumping of a semiconsolidated crystal mush or magma transport – acted on length scales of at most a few km. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of magnetic anisotropy to petrofabric in mafic rocks.
Application and Analysis of Long-Distance EPON in Transmission Lines Monitoring System

Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) has been widely used in the Smart Grid. However, the overlay radius of EPON system is generally a 20 km, which has become the obstacle of application of EPON in Smart Grid.This paper introduces the advantages of EPON and analyzes the need for long-distance EPON of t Transmission Lines Monitoring System. And also this paper analyzes the factors affecting the long-distance transmission of EPON. Then this paper discusses the implementation of long-distance EPON and proposes a scheme of achieving communication network of Transmission Lines Monitoring System based on long-distance EPON.
A treatment approach for isolated unicondylar fractures of the proximal phalanx

We developed a protocol to improve the final total active motion for patients with isolated unicondylar fractures of the head of the proximal phalanx. The protocol includes surgical treatment followed by hand therapy. Surgical fixation is obtained using lag screw technique. Therapy includes immediate mobilization by use of a continuous passive motion machine and controlled active motion. Specially designed splints and Coban wrap are used to control the position of the digit during the first six months following surgery. Silastic gel is used to control scarring. We treated five consecutive patients over a 4-year period using this protocol. Final total active motion of the injured digit averaged 241 degrees--approximately 90% of the normal range of 260 to 270 degrees. No patients required secondary surgery.
Use of liposomes in probing the uptake of liposomal phosphatidylcholine by rabbit lung in vitro.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the uptake of liposomal phosphatidylcholine by lung tissue and its subcellular organelles. Multilamellar liposomes were prepared from egg yolk phosphatidylcholine, dicetyl phosphate, and cholesterol (molar ratio 7:2:1). Liposomal phosphatidylcholine labeled with [1-14C]dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine was taken up by lung slices and incorporated into subcellular organelles including lamellar bodies, mitochondria, and microsomes. In addition, when liposomes were incubated with lamellar bodies, mitochondria, or microsomes, the transfer of liposomal phosphatidylcholine to these subcellular fractions was facilitated by the cytosolic fraction. In tissue slice experiments after 1 h of incubation, about 86% of the total radioactivity absorbed by lung slices and subcellular organelles was recovered in phosphatidylcholine. The ratio of the radioactivity of fatty acids at 1- and 2-positions of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine recovered from all fractions was nearly 1:1. This suggests that most phosphatidylcholine molecules were taken up intact. In conclusion, this study provides a method of using liposomes as a tool for probing the phosphatidylcholine transfer mechanism in lung.
The effects of movement, relaxation, and education on the stress levels of women with subclinical levels of bulimia

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a multidisciplinary intervention program on the attitudes and symptoms associated with bulimia nervosa (BN). The Bulimia Test (BULIT) and subscales from the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) associated with BN were administered to 373 females to determine eligibility for participation in the study. In order to qualify for the study, participants had to be female, not be anorexic, and meet one of four criteria indicating that they had some of the symptoms of BN. Following the screening, 12 females were randomly assigned to a control group (C, n=6) or an intervention group (I, n=6). The I group then participated in an 8-week multidisciplinary intervention program consisting of small group discussions, movement improvisation, and relaxation techniques. Dependent variables consisted of scores from standardized instruments for anxiety, self-esteem, and BN. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) on the difference score from post- to pretest was calculated for state and trait anxiety. That analysis indicated that compared to the C group, which showed no reduction in anxiety, the I group had a significant reduction in anxiety following the intervention program. No significant differences were found between groups for self-esteem or symptoms of BN. Conclusions were that anxiety levels were lowered in the I group; however, attitudes or behaviors associated with BN were not affected by the intervention.
The healing pattern of an experimentally-induced deffect in the rat femur studied with tetracycline labeling

The healing pattern of an experimentally-induced, circumscribed defect in the rat femur, communicating with the marrow space followed a predictable series of events. The fluorescent distribution pattern of demethylchlortetracycline administered prior to animal sacrifice illustrated the sequential stages of repair: callus formations, appearance ofdiscrete soft tissue foci throughout the callus, formation of a single central soft tissue mass isolated from the external surface of the femur and marrow space by periosteal and endosteal lamellar bone, and finally centripetal closure of the defect primarily by lamellar bone deposition on the periosteal side. Healing was incomplete at twelve weeks and the age and weight of the animal had no discernable effect on the rapidity of the healing process. It is proposed that this artificial defect and its sequential repair might serve as an experimental model upon with to test the effects of a given drug substance.
Relationships Among Self-Concealment, Mindfulness and Negative Psychological Outcomes in Asian American and European American College Students

Research on Asian Americans and their psychological adjustment is limited. Consisting of two cross-sectional studies, the present investigation examined the relationships among self-concealment, mindfulness, emotional distress in stressful interpersonal situations, and general psychological ill-health in Asian American college students, and in comparison with European American counterparts. In the Asian Americans, self-concealment was found to be positively related to general psychological ill-health and negatively related to mindfulness. In both ethnic groups, mindfulness was found to be negatively related to general psychological ill-health. Findings suggest that, as seen with European American counterparts, both self-concealment and mindfulness may be important concepts in understanding the psychological adjustments of Asian American college students.
Klippel-trenaunay syndrome: an often overlooked risk factor for venous thromboembolic disease.

Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a congenital condition redefined by Oduber et al (2008) by the coexistence of vascular malformations and disturbed soft tissue or bony growth, including hypertrophy or hypotrophy in the same or opposite sides of the body. The anomalies may involve part of a limb, a whole limb, a limb girdle, or a hemibody. Vascular malformations may involve veins, capillaries, or lymphatics although venous or capillary malformations are essential for the diagnosis. Associated venous anomalies include dysplasia, valvular malformations, and varicosities. Congenital venous anomalies are often associated with disturbances of blood flow and should be considered as prothrombotic states. However, such anomalies are not considered in Wells scores and used to determine the risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). We present the case of a male with unrecognized crossed dissociated form of KTS and unsuspected VTE. The pathophysiology and the treatment of VTE in KTS are discussed. We suggest physicians to be aware of KTS and that its recognition in a critically ill patient should prompt consideration for appropriate prophylaxis for high-risk category for VTE. Dedicated duplex sonography should be obtained if VTE is suspected. We also suggest a modification of the Wells scores to reflect the association of KTS and VTE.
Predictive factors in rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic polyarticular disease affecting about 1% of the adult population of the world, produces significant joint destruction, physical impairment, work disability, and early mortality. Patients with RA may have a slowly or rapidly progressive disease or a self-limited one. To design a rational treatment program for all patients, the clinician must identify early on whether patients are destined to have a rapidly progressive disease. This article reviews socioeconomic, psychological, immunogenetic, and disease-related features that may help to identify such patients.
Incision and morphologic evolution of an alluvial channel recovering from hydraulic mining sediment

Hydraulic gold mining in the Sierra Nevada, California, produced such a large volume of sediment from 1853 to 1884 that channels could not carry a substantial proportion of the delivered sediment. The lower Bear River aggraded as much as 5 m and underwent a major avulsion during the 1870s. Channel morphology continues to respond to these changes more than 100 years after the cessation of most hydraulic mining. Textures of mine tailings and older alluvium are contrasted, and channel incision and channel-shape changes from 1930 to 1985 are documented. Unlike the Yuba and Sacramento Rivers, the lower Bear River had not returned to pre-mining base levels by 1950 as sediment loads decreased. Nor were incision rates or morphological change governed by reduced sediment loads below dams built in 1928 and in the mid-1960s. Channel stability was due to resistance of a cohesive stratum on the channel bed. An episode of channel down-cutting was instigated by a moderately large flood in December 1955 that pierced the cohesive layer and was sustained through the 1970s by moderate-magnitude floods. The 1955 flood did not directly erode large volumes of sediment, but it destabilized the channel, allowing smaller floods to erode the channel at an accelerated rate. Episodic channel-bed incision is contrasted to progressive morphologic changes. Cross-section shape narrowed and deepened steadily from 1930 through the mid-1970s as the channel was superimposed onto cohesive older alluvium. Progressive deepening set up a positive feedback that ensured the ultimate penetration of the paved bed. Channel morphologic readjustment from the avulsion thus was both progressive and episodic.
Streak splicing using medial-axis transform techniques

One of the objectives of image processing is to detect and locate some meaningful discontinuities in the gray levels of an image. The usual approach taken is referred to as edge detection. Streak detection presents a related but sometimes different problem. Here we are concerned not only with the edges but also with the properties and features of that portion of the image which is contained within the boundaries of these edges. This paper looks at particular methods which may be applied for the location and characterization of such streaks and for the possible splicing together of different streak segments. Particular emphasis is placed on the development of an invariant proprerty referred to as the Preservation of Perimeter Property of an object (PPP). Coupled with this is the use of the Medial Axis Transformation (MAT) as a tool in the process. The MAT produces what is known as the skeleton of the object. Integrating a new approach to finding the Euclidean Elevation Map (EEM) with the MAT is a key in the development phases. The approach taken represents a compromise between the process of producing an exact bitmap of the skeleton and developing a faster approximation of the skeleton which incorporates usable, structural information.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The impact of high-density spatial sampling versus antenna orientation on 3D GPR fracture imaging

Three-dimensional Ground Penetrating Radar (3D GPR) surveys are necessary to reconstruct complex fracture geometries in the subsurface. Two of the most important factors controlling image quality are antenna orientation relative to fractures and density of acquisition grids. This study, conducted in the Madonna della Mazza quarry (Italy), compares two acquisition methods with the goal of optimizing the imaging of fractures and related 3D fracture networks. We acquired two very dense, orthogonal 3D GPR surveys with a 250 MHz antenna and 5 cm trace spacing on the same day, covering the same area of 20 x 20 m. By decimation of the original raw datasets, reduced survey densities of 10 cm and 20 cm spacing are simulated. The results show differences in the imaging quality of the two methods to depths of 75 cm, while for a depth of 130 cm and deeper, image quality is similar. At the same trace density/m², a single, unidirectional survey with a densely sampled grid is the preferred method rather than two surveys with orthogonal antenna orientations but larger profile spacing. The extra effort of conducting surveys with an acquisition grid of an eighth of wavelength of the antenna centre frequency guarantees that we can properly sample the high-frequency content of the GPR signal spectrum and results in optimum image quality regardless of fracture orientation. The simple survey design principle found in this study is universally applicable to any field condition, target geometry, and antenna frequency. Such high-density 3D GPR survey design enables the high-resolution characterization of 3D fracture networks on subsurface timeslices in near photographic quality.
Cripto Is a Noncompetitive Activin Antagonist That Forms Analogous Signaling Complexes with Activin and Nodal

Cripto plays critical roles during embryogenesis and has been implicated in promoting the growth and spread of tumors. Cripto is required for signaling by certain transforming growth factor-β superfamily members, such as Nodal, but also antagonizes others, such as activin. The opposing effects of Cripto on Nodal and activin signaling seem contradictory, however, because these closely related ligands utilize the same type I (ALK4) and type II (ActRII/IIB) receptors. Here, we have addressed this apparent paradox by demonstrating that Cripto forms analogous receptor complexes with Nodal and activin and functions as a noncompetitive activin antagonist. Our results show that activin-A and Nodal elicit similar maximal signaling responses in the presence of Cripto that are substantially lower than that of activin-A in the absence of Cripto. In addition, we provide biochemical evidence for complexes containing activin-A, Cripto, and both receptor types and show that the assembly of such complexes is competitively inhibited by Nodal. We further demonstrate that Nodal and activin-A share the same binding site on ActRII and that ALK4 has distinct and separable binding sites for activin-A and Cripto. Finally, we show that ALK4 mutants with disrupted activin-A binding retain Cripto binding and prevent the effects of Cripto on both activin-A and Nodal signaling. Together, our data indicate that Cripto facilitates Nodal signaling and inhibits activin signaling by forming receptor complexes with these ligands that are structurally and functionally similar.
Low-frequency 1/ f noise in graphene devices

Low-frequency noise with a spectral density that depends inversely on frequency has been observed in a wide variety of systems including current fluctuations in resistors, intensity fluctuations in music and signals in human cognition. In electronics, the phenomenon, which is known as 1/f noise, flicker noise or excess noise, hampers the operation of numerous devices and circuits, and can be a significant impediment to the development of practical applications from new materials. Graphene offers unique opportunities for studying 1/f noise because of its two-dimensional structure and widely tunable two-dimensional carrier concentration. The creation of practical graphene-based devices will also depend on our ability to understand and control the low-frequency noise in this material system. Here, the characteristic features of 1/f noise in graphene and few-layer graphene are reviewed, and the implications of such noise for the development of graphene-based electronics including high-frequency devices and sensors are examined.
A current reappraisal of berry’s hospital typology

In an earlier article, Berry published the results of a study that examined possible relationships among hospital facilities and services. In general, Berry found that hospitals behaved in a reasonably consistent fashion; that is, hospitals added facilities and services in a well-defined order, and these facilities and services were added in distinct groups. Berry defined five such groups and hypothesized that each group represents an increasing level of case-mix complexity. Given the current interest in using Berry's results to measure hospital case mix, this study attempted to replicate Berry's results using recent data from the American Hospital Association. Using a number of statistical methodologies (including cluster analysis and Guttman scale analysis), we found that hospitals continue to add facilities and services in a well-defined order (although this order contains some notable differences from the order found by Berry). However, our results indicate that hospitals no longer add facilities and services in well-defined groups but in a more continuous fashion. Thus, it would appear that hospitals have become more differentiated.
Plumage colour acquisition and behaviour are associated with androgens in a phenotypically plastic tropical bird

Androgens regulate male reproductive behaviour and may be a mechanistic link between sexual signals and physiological condition. However, the role of these hormones in regulating prenuptial moult and male plumage signals of passerine birds is unclear. In the red-backed fairy-wren, Malurus melanocephalus, plumage colour is a sexually selected trait and males express three reproductive phenotypes: males can breed in bright red and black plumage or in dull brown plumage, or assume dull plumage and act as nonbreeding auxiliaries; each phenotype differs in parental and reproductive behaviour. We found that plasma androgen concentrations differed significantly between male phenotypes, with red/black breeding males having the highest levels and auxiliaries having the lowest levels across all nesting stages. These hormonal differences were also present during the prebreeding moult when nuptial plumage is acquired. Males also differed significantly in body condition during moult based on the phenotype acquired in the subsequent breeding season, with red/black breeding males being in the best condition and auxiliaries being in the poorest condition. Moreover, androgen concentrations were positively correlated with body condition during prenuptial moult. Thus, in this species, androgens may determine plumage coloration and provide a link between the expression of sexual signals and body condition.
Vertical Covariance Localization for Satellite Radiances in Ensemble Kalman Filters

Abstract A widely used observation space covariance localization method is shown to adversely affect satellite radiance assimilation in ensemble Kalman filters (EnKFs) when compared to model space covariance localization. The two principal problems are that distance and location are not well defined for integrated measurements, and that neighboring satellite channels typically have broad, overlapping weighting functions, which produce true, nonzero correlations that localization in radiance space can incorrectly eliminate. The limitations of the method are illustrated in a 1D conceptual model, consisting of three vertical levels and a two-channel satellite instrument. A more realistic 1D model is subsequently tested, using the 30 vertical levels from the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS), the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit A (AMSU-A) weighting functions for channels 6–11, and the observation error variance and forecast error covariance from the NRL Atmospheric Variational Da...
The Management Governance Theories of Justice and Liberty

This article reviews the management theory literature about the role of the liberty and justice principles in organizational governance. It suggests that the justice principle is well developed compared to the liberty principle in this literature. This asymmetrical emphasis in theory building poses philosophical and research problemsfor thefield of management.
Preventive Health Care for Children With and Without Special Health Care Needs

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to compare the receipt of preventive health services for children with and without special health care needs and to identify predictors of these health services for children with special health care needs using nationally representative data. METHODS. Data from the 2002 and 2003 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys were analyzed. A total of 18279 children aged 3 to 17 years were included in our study. The Child Preventive Health Supplement was used to identify caregiver recall of specific health screening measures and anticipatory guidance during the previous 12 months. Odds ratios were calculated for predictive factors of preventive services for children with special health care needs. RESULTS. The prevalence of special health care needs in children aged 3 to 17 years was 21.6%. Based on caregiver reports, 87.5% of children with special health care needs had ≥1 health screening measure checked in the past year compared with 73.1% of children without special health care needs. Receipt of ≥1 topic of anticipatory guidance was reported for 69.8% of children with special health care needs compared with 55.2% of children without special health care needs. Black and Hispanic caregivers of children with special health care needs were more likely than others to report receipt of all 6 categories of anticipatory guidance measured in this study. CONCLUSIONS. We found that caregivers of children with special health care needs were more likely to report receipt of anticipatory guidance and health screening than were caregivers of children without special health care needs. Although a majority of these caregivers reported receiving some health screening and anticipatory guidance on an annual basis, there are clear gaps in the delivery of preventive health services. This study identifies areas for improvement in the delivery of preventive health services for children with special health care needs and children in general.
H2AX Phosphorylation Is Important for LANA-Mediated Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Episome Persistence

The DNA damage response (DDR) of host cells is utilized by a number of viruses to establish and propagate their genomes in the infected cells. We examined the expression of the DDR genes during Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The genes were mostly downregulated, except H2AX, which was upregulated during infection. H2AX is important for gammaherpesvirus infectivity, and its phosphorylation at serine 139 is crucial for maintenance of latency during mouse gamma-herpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) infection. We now also observed phosphorylation of H2AX at serine 139 during KSHV infection. H2AX is a histone H2A isoform shown to interact with the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) encoded by KSHV. Here, we show that LANA directly interacted with H2AX through domains at both its N and C termini. The phosphorylated form of H2AX (γH2AX) was shown to colocalize with LANA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that a reduction in H2AX levels resulted in reduced binding of LANA with KSHV terminal repeats (TRs). Binding preferences of H2AX and γH2AX along the KSHV episome were examined by whole-episome ChIP analysis. We showed that γH2AX had a higher relative binding activity along the TR regions than that of the long unique region (LUR), which highlighted the importance of H2AX phosphorylation during KSHV infection. Furthermore, knockdown of H2AX resulted in decreased KSHV episome copy number. Notably, the C terminus of LANA contributed to phosphorylation of H2AX. However, phosphorylation was not dependent on the ability of LANA to drive KSHV-infected cells into S-phase. Thus, H2AX contributes to association of LANA with the TRs, and phosphorylation of H2AX is likely important for its increased density at the TRs.
Left- and right-handers see people differently: free-vision perceptual asymmetries for chimeric stimuli.

Abstract We examined perceptual biases of 72 left-handers on six free-vision chimeric tasks, four entailing judgments of emotion (EP and EC tasks) or femininity (GP and GC tasks) in photographic and cartoon chimeric faces, and two of visuospatial properties in dot-filled rectangles (DN-dots nonface task) and asymmetrical shapes (SN-shapes nonface task), and compared to them to those of 72 right-handers previously described by Luh, Rueckert, and Levy (1991). Neither handedness group had an asymmetric bias on the SN task. Both had left hemispatial biases on all other tasks, which were equal across tasks for left-handers, larger on the EP and EC than other tasks for right-handers, and larger for right- than left-handers only on the EP and EC tasks. Task-specific reliable variance was decreased and variance common to all tasks was increased for left- compared to fight-handers, which suggests less differentiation of processes in left- than right-handers.
Promoting health literacy research to reduce health disparities

Limited health literacy has been linked to worse health outcomes for a range of medical conditions. In addition, limited health literacy is more prevalent among specific racial and ethnic minorities. Although these findings have been widely acknowledged, little systematic research has been conducted to elucidate the role of health literacy in the creation of health disparities or to evaluate the possibility that interventions relating to health literacy may help eliminate health disparities. This paper presents recommendations for a research agenda that is focused on advancing the science for how health literacy research can promote the effort to eliminate health disparities.
The role of CREB and other transcription factors in the pharmacotherapy and etiology of depression

Psychiatric diseases are genetically complex and consequently, altered programs of gene expression have been hypothesized as the molecular basis of psychopathology. Since transcription factors represent the final communicative link between receptor activation and the orchestration of programs of gene expression, they are prime targets for studies on both the pharmacotherapy and the etiology of depression. The cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) are altered by chronic treatment with antidepressants. Since it is phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) that determines its transcriptional activity, it is pertinent that some antidepressants have been shown to reduce pCREB in brain in vivo and in tissue culture in vitro. Moreover, pCREB is down-regulated in human fibroblasts from patients with major depression and in postmortem brain of suicide victims with a history of depression. With regard to GR, its mRNA, immunoreactivity, density and cytoplasmic-nuclear translocation are increased by antidepressants. While transcription factor mediated programs of gene expression relevant to either the pharmacotherapy or the etiology of depression are still largely elusive, studies utilizing modern technologies such as differential display and cDNA microarrays promise to lead eventually to the identification of structure and function of psychopathologically relevant target genes.
NMR properties of lanthanide(III) complexes of the macrocyclic ligand C22H26N6

The nuclear magnetic resonance properties of a series of complexes with general formula [Ln(CH3COO)2L]Cl·nH2O, where L is the hexadentate macrocyclic ligand C22H26N6, Ln is La(III)Lu(III) and Y(III), and n=4–6, have been investigated. 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded for all members of the series; whenever possible, assignments were confirmed by heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy. The proton chemical shifts varied significantly with the metal center, the solvent, and the counterion; they were unaffected by changes in concentration. An analysis of the paramagnetic shifts for the proton acetate resonances of several complexes revealed the presence of a significant contact shift, which was dominant in the case of the Eu(III) complex.
Diastolic Dysfunction in Pediatric Cardiac Patients: Evaluation and Management

The heart is a complex and sophisticated pump that cycles between two phases: diastole, during which a compliant chamber (ventricle) allows the blood to fill from a reservoir chamber (atrium) of low pressure, and systole, during which a stiff chamber with rapidly rising pressure ejects the blood into an arterial circuit of high pressure. However, the systolic and diastolic cycles are not dichotomous. They have complex interactions with interrelated segments of the cardiac cycle. Although the entity of “diastolic heart failure with preserved systolic function” has been applied in adult patients, a discrete diagnosis of systolic and diastolic heart failure may be difficult to apply in pediatric patients. Advances in echocardiography have helped decipher the morphologic and physiologic expression of congenital and acquired heart disease and have increased our understanding the diastolic function and dysfunction. The evolving concept of systolic and diastolic heart failure is helping us develop a strategy for its management in pediatric patients with complex heart diseases.
Mature and Precursor Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Have Individual Roles in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb

Background Sensory deprivation induces dramatic morphological and neurochemical changes in the olfactory bulb (OB) that are largely restricted to glomerular and granule layer interneurons. Mitral cells, pyramidal-like neurons, are resistant to sensory-deprivation-induced changes and are associated with the precursor to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF); here, we investigate its unknown function in the adult mouse OB.
Measuring the impact of visualization on mental imagery: Comparing prepared versus original drawings

Research indicates that visualization, a procedure that involves asking speakers to imagine themselves making a successful presentation, is an effective way to reduce communication apprehension (for an overview of much of this research see Ayres, Hopf, & Ayres 1997). The present investigation was designed to determine if the conclusions drawn about the impact of visualization is similar when people generate original drawings or when they select drawings from a prepared set to represent how they envision themselves as public speakers. These data indicate that visualization had a similar effect regardless of whether people provided their own drawings or made a selection from a prepared set. These findings and their implications are discussed at the conclusion of this report.
Reflexivity in digital anthropology

There are a variety of forms of ethnography inside and outside HCI each with valid complementary contributions. This paper looks at the practices of digital anthropology and how it contributes to reflexive design in HCI. The paper overviews key aspects its use in HCI, as well as in the anthropological approach. In doing so it relates these practices to participatory design and the socio-technical gap, and the ways ethnography can address them.
Renal Carcinoma presenting with Pulmonary Emboli: A Review of Two Cases

Two patients with renal carcinoma presenting with pulmonary emboli are discussed. Pulmonary emboliform renal carcinoma may be more common than previously supposed. Evaulation for such tumours should be done in patients with pulmonary emboli of obscure origin.
Error dynamics and relative orbital uncertainty of the Magellan spacecraft

Relative error is discussed in light of a proposed orbiter mission to Venus. It is hypothesized that the relative (position) error of the orbiting spacecraft between disjoint data sets will be large because of residual uncertainties of the absolute estimates and their decorrelation caused by succeeding estimates. A method is proposed to limit relative error by inducing correlations between the estimates on successive data arcs. These correlations are induced by overlapping the data arcs. Covariance analyses of the data sets are undertaken at two distinct mapping times, yielding the relative error between those mapping times. The technique is applied to a mosaicking problem on a specific day in the mission.
Abnormal GABAergic function and negative affect in schizophrenia.

Deficits in the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system have been reported in postmortem studies of schizophrenia, and therapeutic interventions in schizophrenia often involve potentiation of GABA receptors (GABAR) to augment antipsychotic therapy and treat negative affect such as anxiety. To map GABAergic mechanisms associated with processing affect, we used a benzodiazepine challenge while subjects viewed salient visual stimuli. Fourteen stable, medicated schizophrenia/schizoaffective patients and 13 healthy comparison subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging using the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) technique while they viewed salient emotional images. Subjects received intravenous lorazepam (LRZ; 0.01 mg/kg) or saline in a single-blinded, cross-over design (two sessions separated by 1–3 weeks). A predicted group by drug interaction was noted in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) as well as right superior frontal gyrus and left and right occipital regions, such that psychosis patients showed an increased BOLD signal to LRZ challenge, rather than the decreased signal exhibited by the comparison group. A main effect of reduced BOLD signal in bilateral occipital areas was noted across groups. Consistent with the role of the dmPFC in processing emotion, state negative affect positively correlated with the response to the LRZ challenge in the dmPFC for the patients and comparison subjects. The altered response to LRZ challenge is consistent with altered inhibition predicted by postmortem findings of altered GABAR in schizophrenia. These results also suggest that negative affect in schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder is associated—directly or indirectly—with GABAergic function on a continuum with normal behavior.
Comparison of nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system and atenolol on antianginal efficacies and exercise hemodynamic responses in stable angina pectoris.

Abstract A gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) of nifedipine has been developed to provide a once daily dosing, and predictable, relatively constant plasma concentrations. This study compared the antianginal efficacy of nifedipine GITS with a once-a-day β-receptor blocker, atenolol. Seventeen patients with documented coronary artery disease and stable stress-induced angina pectoris were studied during a 2-week, single-blind, placebo baseline phase and a 12-week randomized, double-blind, active drug crossover efficacy phase, using the bicycle exercise test and ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings. Patients exercised significantly longer with nifedipine GITS (883 ± 47 seconds) and atenolol (908 ± 44 seconds) than with placebo (794 ± 41 seconds). Nifedipine GITS reduced systolic blood pressure at all stages of exercise compared with placebo but, because heart rate tended to increase more during nifedipine therapy, there was no difference in rate-pressure products between the placebo and nifedipine GITS periods. In contrast, atenolol reduced heart rate, systolic blood pressure and rate-pressure product during exercise compared with placebo. Whereas left ventricular ejection fractions (by radionuclide angiocardiography) increased with exercise, the maximal increase was smaller with atenolol than with placebo and nifedipine. The net increase in left ventricular ejection fraction at the end of exercise was greater with nifedipine than with placebo or atenolol. Ambulatory electrocardiograms showed only a small number of ischemic events. Neither nifedipine GITS nor atenolol reduced the number of ischemic events or total duration of ST-segment deviations significantly. It is concluded that nifedipine GITS is as effective an antianginal agent as atenolol, but the hemodynamic effects of the 2 agents differ. Left ventricular ejection fraction increases more with nifedipine than with atenolol during bicycle excercise.
Resonant soft X-ray techniques to resolve nanoscale magnetism

Author(s): Kortright, Jeffrey B. | Abstract: The soft x-ray spectral region contains important core levels of 3d transition and rare earth elements and so has emerged as a powerful spectral region in which to study magnetism in a variety of materials. While some spectroscopic techniques are relatively mature in this spectral range, others are still under development. This chapter reviews a variety of evolving soft x-ray techniques as applied to the study of magnetism and magnetic materials. Emphasis is given to entirely photon based techniques that, compared to techniques detecting photoelectrons, can probe relatively deeply into samples and are compatible with strong and varying applied fields. Emphasis is also placed on techniques that can resolve magnetic structure either in depth or laterally in samples, rather than just providing spatially averaged properties. The soft x-ray spectral range extends roughly from 100 eV to 2500 eV, and is often defined as that region where the path length of x-rays is insufficient to propagate in air at atmospheric pressure. This strong soft x-ray absorption has made this spectral range one of the last to be exploited to study magnetic materials, since specialized sources, optical elements, and instrumentation are necessary for such measurements. Paradoxically perhaps, this strong absorption indicates large interaction cross-sections, especially at certain core levels, where magneto-optical effects can be larger than in any other spectral range. Synchrotron radiation sources generally provide the polarized soft x-rays needed for these studies, and are now common enough to provide reasonable access. Essentially all optical and scattering techniques common in the near-visible and x-ray spectral ranges have been extended into, or sometimes rediscovered in, the soft x-ray range. The coupling of these large, resonant magneto-optical effects with these various techniques is discussed here. The following sections review fundamental characteristics of resonant magneto-optical spectra at x-ray core levels before introducing different approaches to apply these effects in different ways. Since modern magnetic materials are typically chemically and magnetically heterogeneous, often down to nanometer length scales, it is natural to categorize techniques by their ability to resolve such structure both in depth and laterally. For example, direct measurements of transmitted (forward scattered) beams average both laterally and in-depth throughout the illuminated area. Specular reflection techniques average over lateral structure, but can provide depth resolution in different ways. Diffuse scattering and diffraction, in transmission or reflection geometry, can resolve lateral structure and can also have variable depth sensitivity. Partially coherent scattering provides an ensemble average over structure, while coherent scattering retains details of local structural information. Finally, zone-plate microscopy provides direct images of local chemical and magnetic structure. Recent advances in each of these areas are discussed and compared below.
Proteomics analysis reveals novel components in the detergent-insoluble subproteome in Alzheimer’s disease

Neurodegenerative diseases are often defined pathologically by the presence of protein aggregates. These aggregates, including amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD), result from the abnormal accumulation and processing of proteins, and may ultimately lead to neuronal dysfunction and cell death. To date, conventional biochemical studies have revealed abundant core components in protein aggregates. However, rapidly improving proteomics technologies offer opportunities to revisit pathologic aggregate composition, and to identify less abundant but potentially important functional molecules that participate in neurodegeneration. The purpose of this study was to establish a proteomic strategy for the profiling of neurodegenerative disease tissues for disease-specific changes in protein abundance. Using high resolution liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we analyzed detergent-insoluble frontal cortex samples from AD and unaffected control cases. In addition, we analyzed samples from frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) cases to identify AD-specific changes not present in other neurodegenerative diseases. We used a labeling-free quantification technique to compare the abundance of identified peptides in the samples based on extracted ion current (XIC) of their corresponding ions. Of the 512 identified proteins, quantitation demonstrated significant changes in 81 AD-specific proteins. Following additional manual filtering, 11 proteins were accepted with high confidence as increased in AD compared to control and FTLD brains, including beta-amyloid, tau and apolipoprotein E, all well-established AD-linked proteins. In addition, we identified and validated the presence of serine protease 15, ankyrin B, and 14-3-3 eta in the detergent-insoluble fraction. Our results provide further evidence for the capacity of proteomics applications to identify conserved sets of disease-specific proteins in AD, to enhance our understanding of disease pathogenesis, and to deliver new candidates for the development of effective therapies for this, and other, devastating neurodegenerative disorders.
Comparison of the Ross/Ross-Konno aortic root in children before and after the age of 18 months.

OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of long-term results after the Ross/Ross–Konno operation in patients 18-months patients (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS :R oss/Ross–Konno can be invaluable in the younger age group but not without risk in the setting of ventricular dysfunction. Long-term performance of the neoaortic valve is significantly better than in older children, which is related to maintenance of normal root dimensions compared with progressive dilatation in patients undergoing Ross/Ross–Konno at older ages.
The location of american presidential candidates: An empirical test of a new spatial model of elections

Using a scaling procedure that directly estimates the key parameters of a new spatial model of elections described previously, we recover the locations of voters and candidates in the three waves of the 1980 Major Panel File. The candidates lie relatively close to the average voter and exhibit little movement over the campaign. Voter locations are more volatile. A unique equilibrium is computed for each wave of the panel, based on a probabilistic model of individual voting decisions. This equilibrium stays relatively close to the Republican candidates, finally settling in a position between the Democrats and Republicans, but closer to Reagan than Carter.