cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A mobile-enabled micro communication device for biosensing

Our goal is to design and ultimately prototype a communication device that can circulate inside the human body and communicate with a wearable or handheld device such as a cell phone. Despite tremendous efforts in miniaturized medical implants, we are still far from designing micro-devices supporting a communication range of even few centimeters. Main reason is the limitations dictated by the size on powering and communication of such devices. We propose a magnetic-induction communication system that can meet these unique limitations. This paper provides a comprehensive study and comparative analysis of this system.
Made in translation

Evolution of highly functionalized DNA could enable the discovery of artificial nucleic acid sequences with different properties to natural DNA. Now, an artificial translation system has been designed that can support the evolution of non-natural sequence-defined nucleic acid polymers carrying eight different functional groups on 32 codons.
Response to ‘ASPiH standards for simulation-based education: process of consultation, design and implementation’

The International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning (INACSL) developed seven Standards of Best Practice: Simulation in 2011 with the purpose of providing a framework to guide best practice for the international simulation community. Since that time, the INACSL Standards of Best Practice: Simulation have guided simulation educators and practitioners around the globe in the use of evidence-based simulation. As of 2017, there are eight INACSL Standards of Best Practice: Simulation, plus a glossary1 2 and they are updated every 4 years. Since their inception, the Board of Directors of INACSL and their membership have worked tirelessly to update and revise these standards based on the …
Analyzing the Theoretical Performance of Information Sharing

Individuals in large, heterogeneous teams will commonly produce sensor data that is likely useful to some other members of the team, but it is not precisely known to whom the information is useful. Some recent work has shown that randomly propagating the information performed surprisingly well, compared to infeasible optimal approaches. This chapter extends that work by looking at how the relative performance of random information passing algorithms scales with the size of the team. Additionally, the chapter looks at how random information passing performs when sensor data is noisy, so that individuals need multiple pieces of data to reach a conclusion, and the underlying situation is dynamic, so individuals need new information over time. Results show that random information passing is broadly effective, although relative performance is lower in some situations.
Shakespeare Sanitized for the Present: Political Myths in Recent Adaptations

This chapter analyzes recent Shakespeare film adaptations and stage performances from a presentist perspective, focusing on political myth production. It tackles the fruitful tensions that result from adapting the Shakespeare of the textual and theatrical past into contemporary films. It examines the politics of Michael Almereyda’s Hamlet (2000), Julie Taymor’s The Tempest (2010), and Michael Radford’s The Merchant of Venice (2004) as complicit in an effort to simplify and misrepresent a textual Shakespeare in favour of a depoliticized myth. In stark contrast, two chosen theatre productions, Alex Scherpf’s Hamlet (2003) and Jatinder Verma’s The Tempest (2008), support the thesis that the theatre re-fangs and re-complicates a Shakespeare who speaks meaningfully about current ideas concerning cultural conflicts and the nation-state.
444 EX VIVO GENE TRANSFER TO PRIMARY CORNEAL EPITHELIAL CELLS.

Purpose To develop a lentiviral vector system to transfer heterologous genes to primary cultures of corneal epithelium. Methods Corneal epithelial cells from rabbits were obtained following surgical corneal excision and subsequent isolation using enzymatic digestion. Cells were allowed to grow for 7 days prior to transduction with a GFP-expressing lentiviral vector. Gene transfer was monitored using fluorescence microscopy. The epithelial lineage of these cells was evaluated via immunocytochemistry for p63 and cytokeratin 3 markers. Results Viable corneal epithelial cultures were obtained and at 7 days were approximately 90% confluent and beginning to form multiple layers. A transduction efficiency of 4 to 6% was observed by in vivo fluorescence microscopy following infection with a GFP-expressing lentiviral vector. Infected cells were almost exclusively p63 and/or cytokeratin 3 positive, indicating that they were of an epithelial lineage of varying degrees of differentiation. Conclusions We have demonstrated the feasibility of heterologous gene transfer to primary corneal epithelial cells. Given previously established techniques using cultured epithelium for the repopulation of stem cell depleted ocular surfaces, the ability to stably transfer genes to primary epithelial cells holds promise for ex vivo gene therapy.
Bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome (BADAS) in a patient with cystic fibrosis.

Bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome (BADAS) is an uncommon neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by arthralgias, fever, myalgias, and malaise as well as cutaneous eruptions on the extremities and trunk. The characteristic skin lesions are erythematous macules that evolve into purpuric papules, papulopustules, or tender subcutaneous nodules within a few days.1 First described as a consequence of bowel bypass surgery, BADAS has also been associated with diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and peptic ulcers.1 The pathophysiology of BADAS is thought to involve immune complex formation and deposition in response to antigens from intestinal bacterial overgrowth. We present the first reported case of BADAS in a patient with cystic fibrosis (CF).
Is a soft tissue graft harvested from the maxillary tuberosity the approach of choice in an isolated site

Soft tissue augmentation procedures are becoming more popular these days. Different soft tissue graft harvesting approaches have been proposed. Nonetheless, the location of the donor site (whether anterior-, lateral-, superficial-, deep-palate or the maxillary tuberosity) can affect the graft shape and its composition. Soft tissue grafts from the maxillary tuberosity are rich in connective tissue fibers, with minimal presence of fatty or glandular components. Clinical, histological, and molecular evidence shows that a soft tissue graft obtained from the maxillary tuberosity has unique properties. In addition, harvesting from this area presents minimal risk for intra- or postoperative complications, leading to reduced patient morbidity. The aim of this commentary is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of harvesting a soft tissue graft from the tuberosity and to compare it with the traditional palatal graft, while highlighting functional, esthetic, and patient-related outcomes.
Comparison of probe and narrow-band imaging measurements in a magnetized cylindrical plasma

We analyze similarities and differences between electrostatic probe measurements and high-speed visible light imaging measurements in a low-temperature argon helicon plasma. Electrostatic probes are the usual diagnostics for making fluctuation measurements in low-temperature plasmas, although fast-imaging of visible emission is becoming increasingly common. The two diagnostics are highly complementary, and typical analysis takes fluctuations in both ion saturation current and visible light intensity to be proxies for plasma density fluctuations. The observations presented here indicate that care is needed in applying this approximation. The plasma is produced with a helicon antenna, and we measure fluctuations in ion saturation current, floating potential, and visible emission near wavelengths of 488 nm (argon ions) and 750 nm (argon neutrals). Simultaneous measurements show relatively low correlation values between ion saturation current and ion line emission and an anti-correlation between floating potential and ion line emission. Variations in cross-coherence between ion emission and probe quantities indicate the frequency dependence in the relationship between the measurements. For various frequency bands where probe/imaging coherence is relatively high, fluctuation intensity profiles differ significantly and coherent fluctuations are observed in ion light which are not apparent in the probe measurements. A sensitivity analysis indicates that electron temperature fluctuations, although nearly always neglected when analyzing data from low-temperature plasma experiments, may play a role in the discrepancy between probe and narrow-band imaging measurements.
Patient Satisfaction With Nonopioid Pain Management Following Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy and/or Chondroplasty.

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of nonopioid pain medication related to patient satisfaction with postoperative pain and identify potential risk factors for decreased patient satisfaction with nonopioid pain medications. Methods This was a prospective study conducted between January 2017 and April 2018 at a single institution. A power analysis was performed a priori, which determined an appropriate cohort size of 163 patients. Inclusion criteria were all patients older than age 18 who were undergoing a knee arthroscopy for a partial meniscectomy and/or chondroplasty. Patients were prescribed maximum-strength ibuprofen or acetaminophen and completed a preoperative and 2-week postoperative questionnaire to assess satisfaction with pain management. Results Among the 163 patients enrolled in the study, the average age was 48.7 years (range 21-73 years); 74 (45%) were male and 89 (55%) were female. Overall, 81.6% (95% confidence interval 75.7% to 87.5%, P Conclusions Based on the findings of this study, 82% of patients who undergo arthroscopic partial meniscectomy and/or chondroplasty can achieve satisfactory pain control with nonopioid pain management. Level of Evidence Prospective comparative study: Level II.
Non-resonant enhancement of spontaneous emission of HITC dye in metal-insulator-metal waveguides

We have experimentally studied the non-resonant enhancement of spontaneous emission of HITC laser dye in metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguides (also referred to as Fabry–Perot cavities). We have found that in the cavities, whose size was too small to support a fundamental or any higher order resonance, the emission decay rate increased, by nearly an order of magnitude, with reduction of the cavity size. At the same time, the emission intensity increased when the cavity size was reduced from ∼200 to ∼30 nm and dropped sharply when the cavity was smaller than ∼30 nm. This emission enhancement, consistent with the perpendicular orientation of the emitting dipole with respect to the mirrors, is in a good agreement with the theoretical predictions known from the literature.
Small Bowel and Appendix Cancers

Small bowel and appendiceal malignancies are rare entities that constitute about 2% of all gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies with an incidence of approximately 8000 new cases per year in the United States. Cancers arising in these locations vary in histology, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are the most common type of small bowel tumors, accounting for approximately 44%, followed by adenocarcinoma (33%), lymphoma (15%), and sarcoma (8%). Given the low prevalence of both small bowel and appendix cancers, there is a lack of prospective randomized trials to establish clear evidence-based guidelines for treatment. Early stage tumors of the small bowel and appendix are usually treated by surgical resection. The role of adjuvant therapy is dependent on histology and stage. Adenocarcinoma of the small bowel and appendix are usually treated similar to colorectal cancer.
Neuromodulation as a new avenue for resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock.

Hemorrhagic shock (HS), a major cause of early death from trauma, accounts for around 40% of mortality, with 33–56% of these deaths occurring before the patient reaches a medical facility. Intravenous fluid therapy and blood transfusions are the cornerstone of treating HS. However, these options may not be available soon after the injury, resulting in death or a poorer quality of survival. Therefore, new strategies are needed to manage HS patients before they can receive definitive care. Recently, various forms of neuromodulation have been investigated as possible supplementary treatments for HS in the prehospital phase of care. Here, we provide an overview of neuromodulation methods that show promise to treat HS, such as vagus nerve stimulation, electroacupuncture, trigeminal nerve stimulation, and phrenic nerve stimulation and outline their possible mechanisms in the treatment of HS. Although all of these approaches are only validated in the preclinical models of HS and are yet to be translated to clinical settings, they clearly represent a paradigm shift in the way that this deadly condition is managed in the future.
FOI in transition: A comparative analysis of the Freedom of Information Act performance between the Obama and Trump administrations

Abstract FoIA is an important marker of transparency and the flow of government information in a democracy. Stakeholders such as the news media have been critical of how government policies affect access to that information. In this context, this study systematically analyzed the Freedom of Information Act (FoIA) performances between the Obama and the Trump administrations regarding the efficiency and disposition of requests, appeals processing and success, staff workload, processing fees, and the use of exemptions. Data indicate that the Trump administration underperformed in the processing of requests, the release of records, and it has accelerated the use of exemptions to deny requests. There was also no marked improvement over the previous administration in performance among other parameters. The study affirms prior results that indicate that FoIA performance is explained better by legacy, and some trends transcend administrations. The study also addresses the methodological problems with FoIA data and suggests remedies for scholars.
A unified analytical framework for a class of optimal control problems on networked systems.

We consider a class of optimal control problems on networks that generically permits a reduction to a universal set of reference problems without differential constraints that may be solved analytically. The derivation shows that input homogeneity across the network results in universally constant optimal control inputs. These predictions are validated using numerical analysis of problems of synchronization of coupled phase oscillators and spreading dynamics on time-varying networks.
The Walking School Bus: Critical Community-Engaged Learning in Action?:

The U.S. K–12 public education system is fundamentally unequal. What efforts can facilitate students to become deeply immersed in the realities of the system and to embody the need for social chang...
Sparse BD-Net: A Multiplication-less DNN with Sparse Binarized Depth-wise Separable Convolution

In this work, we propose a multiplication-less binarized depthwise-separable convolution neural network, called BD-Net. BD-Net is designed to use binarized depthwise separable convolution block as the drop-in replacement of conventional spatial-convolution in deep convolution neural network (DNN). In BD-Net, the computation-expensive convolution operations (i.e., Multiplication and Accumulation) are converted into energy-efficient Addition/Subtraction operations. For further compressing the model size while maintaining the dominant computation in addition/subtraction, we propose a brand-new sparse binarization method with a hardware-oriented structured sparsity pattern. To successfully train such sparse BD-Net, we propose and leverage two techniques: (1) a modified group-lasso regularization whose group size is identical to the capacity of basic computing core in accelerator and (2) a weight penalty clipping technique to solve the disharmony issue between weight binarization and lasso regularization. The experiment results show that the proposed sparse BD-Net can achieve comparable or even better inference accuracy, in comparison to the full precision CNN baseline. Beyond that, a BD-Net customized process-in-memory accelerator is designed using SOT-MRAM, which owns characteristics of high channel expansion flexibility and computation parallelism. Through the detailed analysis from both software and hardware perspectives, we provide an intuitive design guidance for software/hardware co-design of DNN acceleration on mobile embedded systems. Note that this journal submission is the extended version of our previous published paper in ISVLSI 2018 [24].
Risk Assessment of Catastrophic Leak Of R-452b From Package Unit into A Residential Space

With the effort to find alternative refrigerants with lower global warming potential (GWP), challenges have arisen due to the flammability risk for many of the alternatives. One of the new alternatives is R452B, which is recommended as a replacement for R410A. R452B is classified as a mildly flammable refrigerant (A2L) by ASHRAE 34. This paper summarizes a CFD simulation study of a leak incident of R452B from a 3-ton packaged unit which serves a 167 m2 residence. The R452B leak is assumed to be downstream of the evaporator coil. The simulated residence has four rooms and a hall way. The packaged unit distributes the conditioned air through a supply duct system delivering the air through registers. The dispersion of R452B is characterized for two scenarios: one with underfloor supply air ducts and another with ceiling supply air ducts. The mass flow rate of R452B exiting the duct outlets is quantified and the refrigerant volume fraction is monitored inside the residential space.
Beamforming in Intelligent Environments based on Ultra-Massive MIMO Platforms in Millimeter Wave and Terahertz Bands

Recent techniques utilizing reflectarrays or novel metamaterial-based surfaces to control wireless propagation environments have attracted great attention. While most solutions focus on sub-6 GHz wireless channel to assist in throughput enhancement, these intelligent surfaces have significant potentials in combating the transmission distance limitation and solving the non-line-of-sight transmission problems for the millimeter wave (30–300 GHz) and Terahertz-band (0.3–10 THz) where signal propagation is significantly attenuated in the atmosphere. The Ultra-Massive MIMO (UM MIMO) communication framework has been proposed in such frequency bands, which relies on the plasmonic antenna arrays to realize different operation modes, including anomalous reflection, transmission and reception, among others. In this paper, a joint beamforming scheme is developed based on fractional programming optimization to maximize the spectral efficiency under practical consideration of energy constraints of the UM MIMO communication platform. Numerical results are presented to show the performance comparison with existing solutions.
Estimation of the number of factors in a multi-factorial Heath-Jarrow-Morton model in electricity markets

In this paper we study the calibration of specific multi-factorial Heath-Jarrow-Morton models to electricity market prices, with a focus on the estimation of the optimal number of factors. We describe a common statistical procedure based on likelihood maximisation and Akaike / Bayesian information criteria, in the case of calibration on futures prices, as well as on both spot and futures prices. We perform a detailed analysis on 6 European markets: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland and UK. The results show a lot of similarities on all the markets considered, especially on the optimal number of factors equal to 5; and on the behaviour of the different factors.
Quantitative assessment of modelling and simulation tools for autonomous navigation of military vehicles over off-road terrains

Autonomous systems are the future of the Army and Ground Vehicle Systems Center has aligned itself accordingly to support unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) development. Physically testing autonomous algorithms and vehicle systems can be expensive and time consuming, a problem addressed by the use of modelling and simulation (M&S) tools. A multitude of both Government owned and commercial off-the-shelf tools (COTS) are widely available, all claim to virtually evaluate autonomous ground vehicles operating on various environments and scenarios. Most of the COTS tools primarily focus on the commercial automotive industry where vehicles are driven in a structured environment. In this paper two M&S tools, viz., Autonomous Navigation Virtual Environment Laboratory (ANVEL) and rover analysis modelling and simulation (ROAMS) are evaluated for military applications, where the demands for navigation include both on-road and off-road, as well as both structured and unstructured environments as a preliminary benchmark.
The Power of Testimonio Pedagogy: Teaching Chicana Lesbian Fiction in a Chicana Feminisms Course at a Predominantly White Institution in the Midwest

In this essay I extend Chicana/Latina feminist pedagogies to demonstrate using testimonio pedagogy to teach Chicana lesbian fiction: Gulf Dreams and What Night Brings opened up dialogical spaces for students as pensadores to critically examine the impact of racialized gender and sexual normativity within Chicano culture. Exploring the significance of students as pensadores using testimonio pedagogy cultivates pathways of epistemic disobedience that should be understood as responses to institutional power. I suggest testimonio pedagogy mediates marginalization by breaking down the false dichotomy between students and teachers, cultivates feminist consciousness-raising, and refuses hegemonic conceptualizations of schooling.
Prophylactic inhibition of NF-κB expression in microglia leads to attenuation of hypoxic ischemic injury of the immature brain

Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), a devastating brain injury affecting premature infants, is the most common cause of cerebral palsy. PVL is caused by hypoxia ischemia (HI) and is characterized by white matter necrotic lesions, microglial activation, upregulation of NF-κB, and neuronal death. The microglia is the main cell involved in PVL pathogenesis. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of microglial NF-κB activity and its prophylactic inhibition in a neonate mouse model of HI. Transgenic mice with specific knockout NF-κB in microglia and colony stimulating factor 1 receptor Cre with floxed IKKβ (CSF-1R Cre + IKKβflox/wt ) were used. Postnatal day 5 (P5) mice underwent sham or bilateral temporary carotid artery ligation followed by hypoxia. After HI insult, inflammatory cytokines, volumetric MRI, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry for oligodendroglia and microglial activation markers were analyzed. Long-term neurobehavioral assessment, including grip strength, rotarod, and open field testing, was performed at P60. We demonstrate that selective inhibition of NF-κB in microglia decreases HI-induced brain injury by decreasing microglial activation, proinflammatory cytokines, and nitrative stress. Rescue of oligodendroglia is evidenced by immunohistochemistry, decreased ventriculomegaly on MRI, and histopathology. This selective inhibition leads to attenuation of paresis, incoordination, and improved grip strength, gait, and locomotion. We conclude that NF-κb activation in microglia plays a major role in the pathogenesis of hypoxic ischemic injury of the immature brain, and its prophylactic inhibition offers significant neuroprotection. Using a specific inhibitor of microglial NF-κB may offer a new prophylactic or therapeutic alternative in preterm infants affected by HI and possibly other neurological diseases in which microglial activation plays a role.
Misclassification in Construction: The Original Gig Economy:

The misclassification of employees as independent contractors has been the focus of recent attention as a result of the implementation of that employment model by ride-share and other gig employers...
Switching to centrifugal pumps may decrease hemolysis rates among pediatric ECMO patients.

Recent advances in ECLS technology have led to the adoption of centrifugal pumps for the majority of patients worldwide. Despite several advantages of centrifugal pumps, they remain controversial b...
The Impact of Blade Technology on Paralympic Sprint Performance Between 1996 and 2016: Bilateral Amputees' Competitive Advantage.

It is known that high-performance sprinters with unilateral and bilateral prosthetic lower limbs run at different speeds using different spatiotemporal strategies. Historically, these athletes still competed together in the same races, but 2018 classification rule revisions saw the separation of these two groups. This study sought to compare Paralympic sprint performance between all-comer (i.e., transfemoral and transtibial) unilateral and bilateral amputee sprinters using a large athlete sample. A retrospective analysis of race speed among Paralympic sprinters between 1996 and 2016 was conducted. In total, 584 published race results from 161 sprinters revealed that unilateral and bilateral lower-extremity amputee sprinters had significantly different race speeds in all three race finals (100 m, p value <.001; 200 m, <.001; 400 m, <.001). All-comer bilateral amputee runners ran faster than their unilateral counterparts; performance differences increased with race distance. These data support current classification criteria in amputee sprinting, which may create more equal competitive fields in the future.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in a Patient with Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is an acute non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and may be triggered by physical, emotional stress or following excessive catecholamines in the body. It has been associated with many neurologic conditions. We report a patient with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) who developed acute transient cardiomyopathy after an episode of hypoxia. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of takotsubo cardiomyopathy associated with CIDP.
Mucormycosis. Discussion and report of a case involving the maxillary sinus.

Abstract Mucormycosis is a human fungal infection which occurs in two main forms: superficial and visceral. The visceral variety has been associated with a poor prognosis and usually presents with either pulmonary, gastrointestinal, or head and neck involvement. Mucormycosis is frequently found in patients with uncontrolled or poorly controlled diabetes. This article reports a case of this potentially lethal disease in which satisfactory treatment and cure entailed both definitive surgical intervention and a therapeutic regimen of amphotericin B.
A neural network approach to broadcast scheduling in multi-hop radio networks

The problem of scheduling interference-free transmissions with maximum throughput in a multi-hop radio network is NP-complete. The computational complexity becomes intractable as the network size increases. In this paper, the scheduling is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem. An efficient neural network approach, namely, mean field annealing, is applied to obtain optimal transmission schedules. Numerical examples show that this method is capable of finding an interference-free schedule with (almost) optimal throughput. >
A Note on Contemporary Argentine Women's Writing: A Discussion of The Web

Argentina is the most developed of the Spanish-American countries: statistics show Argentines to have the highest level of incomes, the best health care, and the most opportunities for education. Argentina has also had a strong tendency towards political democracy and equality in recent years. As a result, opportunities exist for some women to deal with the exploitation and suppression common to male-dominated societies which were inherited from the Spanish conquistadores. The very existence of a collection such as The Web indicates that women have a voice in their society. Development has not taken place evenly however; in many cases, Argentine women continue to be victimsimprisoned physically, socially, and politically. The women writers represented in this collection belong to a group of socially and politically aware women who, although not themselves victims of the abuses of which they write, empathize with women who are, and are dedicated to speaking for them.
Management of complications following pancreatic resection: An evidence-based approach†

Despite significant improvements in operative mortality, morbidity remains a significant problem following pancreatectomy. Management of postpancreatectomy complications, namely pancreatic fistula, begins with a clear understanding of how these events are defined. There are now several unifying definitions for complications following pancreatectomy which have led to improved reporting of operative outcomes across institutions. Several randomized controlled trials have been performed in recent years that may lead to continued improvement in operative outcomes.
Plasmologen Assembly: A Key Flavoenzyme

The structural properties of alkyldihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase (ADPS) described by Razeto et al. (2007) in this issue of Structure provide new insights into how this peroxisomal flavoenzyme catalyzes a nonredox reaction in the conversion of an ester to an ether linkage in plasmologen biosynthesis.
Asymmetric effects of monetary indicators on the Japanese yen

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between monetary indicators and the Japanese yen since 1974. Our study provides supportive evidence of monetary variables explaining long-run exchange rates. However, our data show the asymmetric effects of Japanese and US monetary indicators on the yen. While Japanese indicators did not have persistent effects on the yen, US variables did. In contrast, Japanese data are found to explain short-run dynamics. Our results, therefore, provide evidence that it may be more prudent for Japanese policymakers to pay close attention to short-term developments in the yen.
Prenatal effects of drugs of abuse on brain development

Drugs of abuse modify signaling of neurotransmitter systems and intracellular messengers. Recent studies of central nervous system development show that these same neurotransmitters may serve as molecules that regulate specific aspects of cell proliferation, survival, migration, circuit formation and establishment of topography. Moreover, the convergence of neurotransmitter, growth factor and hormone activity on similar intracellular signaling systems suggests the potential for significant interactions among molecular components that regulate development. The application of modern strategies used by developmental and cell biologists to the question of whether prenatal drug exposure alters brain structure and function has led to discoveries of specific, targeted changes. Studies of the mechanisms of drug action that lead to altered neural development are now reality.
TIMELY: RTT-based Congestion Control for the Datacenter

Datacenter transports aim to deliver low latency messaging together with high throughput. We show that simple packet delay, measured as round-trip times at hosts, is an effective congestion signal without the need for switch feedback. First, we show that advances in NIC hardware have made RTT measurement possible with microsecond accuracy, and that these RTTs are sufficient to estimate switch queueing. Then we describe how TIMELY can adjust transmission rates using RTT gradients to keep packet latency low while delivering high bandwidth. We implement our design in host software running over NICs with OS-bypass capabilities. We show using experiments with up to hundreds of machines on a Clos network topology that it provides excellent performance: turning on TIMELY for OS-bypass messaging over a fabric with PFC lowers 99 percentile tail latency by 9X while maintaining near line-rate throughput. Our system also outperforms DCTCP running in an optimized kernel, reducing tail latency by $13$X. To the best of our knowledge, TIMELY is the first delay-based congestion control protocol for use in the datacenter, and it achieves its results despite having an order of magnitude fewer RTT signals (due to NIC offload) than earlier delay-based schemes such as Vegas.
Edge effects in thin film delamination

Thin films bonded to a substrate often sustain large in-plane residual stresses that are transferred to the film via shear stresses on the interface near their edges. These edge zones play a significant role in film delamination. A new method is introduced to analyze both the residual stress distribution in a film near its edge and the energy release rate and mode mix for an interface delamination crack emerging from, or converging upon, an edge. Two two-dimensional configurations are considered: (a) a film whose edge lies in the interior of the substrate and (b) a film whose edge is aligned with the edge of the substrate (i.e. the film/substrate geometry is a quarter-plane). There are significant differences between the two cases. For the former, (a), the energy release rate approaches the steady-state, limiting rate for a long interface crack when the crack has extended less than one film thickness. By contrast, the energy release rate in case (b) remains far below the steady-state rate until the crack extends to ten or more film thicknesses from the edge. In case (b), the edge effect provides a significant protection against edge delamination, whereas in case (a) it does not. Elastic mismatch between the film and the substrate is significant in case (b), but not in case (a). A second set of behaviors is investigated wherein the interface crack approaches the edge of the film from the interior. For both types of edges, the energy release rate drops well below the steady-state rate at remaining ligament lengths that are very large compared to the film thickness, approaching zero as the delamination converges on the edge. Analytic features which account for the various behaviors will be highlighted, and practical implications for thin film delamination will be discussed.
Grating surface-emitting diode laser with lenslike medium

A concept for a grating surface emitting semiconductor laser with a lenslike medium that causes divergence along the lateral direction is described. In principle, the output beam can be diffraction limited. A second-order grating is fabricated with straight teeth which are perpendicular to the directions of propagation of the beams along the laser axis. The constant radius of curvature of the mode results in the matching of the reflected beam with the laser mode. The output beam will exhibit mild astigmatism which can easily be corrected. The astigmatism is the same for the waves traveling in both directions. The divergence of the mode discourages the breakup of the counterpropagating beams into filaments. Surface emission decreases the optical intensity of the laser mode and can essentially eliminate the output power through the facets. This type of laser is a candidate for high power operation.
The crystal dynamics of barium fluoride

Abstract Inelastic neutron scattering has been used to measure the phonon dispersion curves along the high symmetry directions of a single crystal of barium fluoride at room temperature. A simple shell model has been used to fit the data and derive values for elastic and dielectric constants which are compared to previous measurements.
Ouabain effects on oxygen physiology in anemic lambs.

ABSTRACT.: We studied the effects of anemia and ouabain administration on cardiac function, oxygen physiology, and blood catecholamine levels in nine newborn lambs. We measured oxygen consumption continuously, along with traditional hemodynamic variables. Oxygen transport was calculated. Following baseline measurements, lambs were made anemic (mean hematocrit = 12%) by isovolemic exchange transfusion with Plasmanate, and measurements were repeated. Thereafter ouabain was administered as a 75μg/kg bolus, followed by 30 min of infusion at a rate of 0.05 μg/kg/min. Measurements were repeated at the conclusion of infusion. Anemia was associated with a heart rate related rise in left ventricular rate of pressure rise, a rise in oxygen consumption, an increase in cardiac output, a decrease in systemic vascular resistance, and a rise in fractional oxygen extraction (oxygen consumption/transport). Following ouabain administration, cardiac output, oxygen consumption, and stroke work fell, but left ventricular rate of pressure rise and the extraction ratio did not change. Serum levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine rose with sustained anemia and ouabain infusion. In this setting, ouabain effects are manifested primarily by alterations in oxygen transport and metabolism rather than by changes in traditional assessments of left ventricular contractile function.
On the interaction and coalescence of spherical blast waves

The scaling and similarity laws concerning the propagation of isolated spherical blast waves are briefly reviewed. Both point source explosions and high pressure gas explosions are considered. Test data on blast overpressure from the interaction and coalescence of spherical blast waves emanating from explosives in the form of shaped charges of different strength placed in the vicinity of a solid propellant stack are presented. These data are discussed with regard to the scaling laws concerning the decay of blast overpressure. The results point out the possibility of detecting source explosions from far-field pressure measurements.
Tetrahymena micronuclear sequences that function as telomeres in yeast

We explored the ability of S. cerevisiae to utilize heterologous DNA sequences as telomeres by cloning germline (micronuclear) DNA from Tetrahymena thermophila on a linear yeast plasmid that selects for telomere function. The only Tetrahymena sequences that functioned in this assay were (C4A2)n repeats. Moreover, these repeats did not have to be derived from Tetrahymena telomeres, although we show that micronuclear telomeres (like macronuclear telomeres) of Tetrahymena terminate in (C4A2)n repeats. Chromosome-internal restriction fragments carrying (C4A2)n repeats also stabilized linear plasmids and were elongated by yeast telomeric repeats. In one case, the C4A2 repeat tract was approximately 1.5 kb from the end of the genomic Tetrahymena DNA fragment that was cloned, but this 1.5 kb of DNA was missing from the linear plasmid. Thus, yeast can utilize internally located tracts of telomere-like sequences, after the distal DNA is removed. The data provide an example of broken chromo-some healing, and underscore the importance of the telomeric repeat structure for recognition of functional telomeric DNA in vivo.
Mechanical characterization of copolymers based on benzoxazine and epoxy

A new class of phenolic-like thermosetting resins has been developed that is based on the ring opening polymerization of a benzoxazine precursor. These new materials overcome many of the traditional shortcomings associated with conventional novolac and resole-type phenolic resins, while demonstrating excellent physical and mechanical characteristics. The benzoxazines are copolymerized with an epoxy resin in order to modify their performance. The addition of epoxy to the polybenzoxazine network greatly increases the crosslink density of the thermosetting matrix and strongly influences its mechanical properties. Copolymerization leads to significant increases in the glass transition temperature, flexural stress, and flexural strain at break over those of the polybenzoxazine homopolymer, with only a minimal loss of stiffness. By understanding the structural changes induced by variations of epoxy content and their effect on material properties, the network can be tailored to specific performance requirements.
Characterization of the in vitro stability of the rat hepatic receptor for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD).

Abstract The in vitro stability of the Ah receptor from rat hepatic cytosol was evaluated by [3H]TCDD binding studies, gel filtration, and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. Thermal inactivation of unoccupied receptor followed first-order kinetics between 5 and 40 °C, with an estimated Ea for inactivation of ~35 kcal/mol. Protease inhibitors did not reduce and dilution slightly increased the inactivation rate at 20 °C. Recovery and 20 °C stability decreased with increasing ionic strength. The TCDD-receptor complex was less susceptible to degradation at 20 °C, even in the presence of 0.4 m KCl. Specific binding was markedly pH dependent, with maximum recovery at 7.6. Analysis of the pH curve suggested that cysteine sulfhydryl groups may be involved in TCDD binding. Dithiothreitol (1 m m ) maximized recovery and 20 °C stability, and addition of the thiol largely reactivated binding sites lost from cytosol prepared without it. Removal of low molecular weight components of cytosol by gel filtration resulted in a rapid 20 °C inactivation rate that could not be lessened by dithiothreitol. Glycerol (10% v v ) and EDTA (1.5 m m ) maximized recovery of specific binding, but both decreased 20 °C stability in a concentration-dependent manner. Calcium chloride (4 m m ) increased stability at 20 °C by ~20%, and retarded the characteristic shift in sedimentation coefficient from ~9 to ~6 S in high-salt sucrose gradients. The fact that sodium molybdate (20 m m ) decreased recovery and 20 °C stability when dithiothreitol was present but slightly increased stability in its absence suggested an antagonism between the two compounds. Molybdate mitigated the inactivation induced by 0.4 m KCl, an effect which may be related to the observation of dual peaks in molybdate-containing high-salt sucrose gradients. These data indicate that (i) thermal inactivation of the unoccupied rat hepatic Ah receptor primarily may be due to physical rather than enzymatic processes; (ii) sulfhydryl oxidation, removal of low molecular weight cytosolic components, and high ionic strength result in rapid rates of inactivation at 20 °C; and (iii) the large degree of protection conferred by TCDD binding implies a very tight ligand-receptor interaction, and as such accords with TCDDs extraordinary potency and persistence in producing its toxic and biochemical effects.
Climate Change Sensitivity Evaluation from AIRS and IRIS Measurements

Outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) measurements over a long period from satellites provide valuable information for climate change. Due to the different coverage, spectral resolution and instrument sensitivities, the data comparisons between different satellites could be problematic and possible artifacts could be easily introduced. In this paper, we illustrate the method and procedures when we compare different satellite measurements by using the data taken by Infrared Interferometric Spectrometer (IRIS) in 1970 and by Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) from 2002 to 2010. We use the spectra between 650 cm^(-1) and 1350 cm^(-1) for nadir view footprints in order to match the AIRS and IRIS measurements. Most of the possible sources of error or biases, which include the errors from spatial coverage, spectral resolution, spectra frequency shift due to the field of view, sea surface temperature uncertainty, clear sky determination, and spectra response function (SRF) symmetry, can be corrected. Using the correct SRF is extremely important when comparing spectra in the high slope spectral regions where possible large artifacts could be introduced.
Marketing and The Adoption of Microcomputers: An Application of Diffusion Theory

This paper examines the adoption of microcomputers in the marketing community. Diffusion theory is applied to gain clearer insights into why the infusion of this technology has succeeded where other forms of computer technology have lagged. Unique characteristics of microcomputers important to marketers are identified and those features most amenable to marketing settings are explained.
Adult intimate partner violence perpetrators are significantly more likely to have witnessed intimate partner violence as a child than nonperpetrators.

BACKGROUND: In a previous study, no association was found between intimate partner violence (IPV) victims and being an adult who witnessed IPV as a child (ACW). OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to determine whether perpetrators of IPV (Perps) could be identified in a busy emergency department (ED) and whether Perps were more likely than non-Perps to be ACWs. The hypothesis was that Perps differed significantly from non-Perps in being ACWs, in being victims of IPV, and in demographics. METHODS: The design was a cross-sectional cohort of patients presenting to an academic ED during randomized 4-hour shifts. A choice of computer touch screen data vs paper format was offered. Data collected included demographics as well as scales to determine whether subjects were a Perp, victim, and/or ACW of IPV. Six validated scales were used to screen and confirm victims, Perps, and ACWs. Predictor variables were ACW, ongoing IPV, and demographics. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-six subjects were entered, 207 had complete data sets. Forty-four (19%) were Perps. By univariate analysis, there was a significant correlation of Perps and ACW (P = .001 by single question) and between Perp and being victims (P = .001). No other univariate variables were significantly correlated. By regression analysis, significant predictors of Perp included ACW and spouse drug abuse. CONCLUSIONS: The Perps were identified in a busy ED setting. Perps were significantly more likely than non-Perps to be ACWs, but not more likely to be victims. Spouse drug abuse and ACW were the 2 significant predictors of Perp. Language: en
Synthesis and characterization of YBaCuO superconductors from solutions in liquid ammonia

YBa2Cu3O7−x (123) superconducting powders have been advantageously prepared from liquid ammonia solutions of nitrate, acetate, and perchlorate precursors. The synthetic techniques used include solution pyrolysis, freeze drying, and chemical solidification by reaction with a Lewis acid. Metal stoichiometry was determined by gravimetric analysis and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Phase characterization was accomplished by powder X-ray diffraction which revealed at least 98% pure 123 for some samples. Resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements confirm the superconducting properties of the products with critical temperatures around 90 K. Finally, chemical and superconducting properties are discussed as a function of process parameters.
Tomorrow Words Today: A Spiritual Awakening

Schizophrenia is an enabling disease that is caused by ailing factors that controls the way people think and behave. Some of the factors that are disabling are factors of having the disease. The causes of the disease may make an individual unable to sustain a normal life. It is where they are not able to function daily due to circumstance that they encounter. One must understand the challenges we face. Empathy towards others is a moral power that is a concern. Having schizophrenia is a painful experience to having to heal from the regret, the hurt and the loss. This book is about how to understand mental illness and it includes the relationships and values on how to live a healthy life. Spirituality is a given.