cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NO oxidation over supported Pt: Impact of precursor, support, loading, and processing conditions evaluated via high throughput experimentation

Abstract This work summarizes the development and validation of a high throughput approach for automated design, synthesis, screening, and statistical analysis of supported heterogeneous catalyst systems. The catalytic oxidation of NO over supported Pt is used as a tractable case study to demonstrate consistency with published results and to generate a self-consistent set of data to evaluate the influence of synthesis and processing variables on catalytic performance using a five-factor two-level full factorial design-of-experiment (DOE). A novel approach is demonstrated for data descriptor generation whereby a simple model is used to extract kinetic parameters that can be used independently to evaluate performance, or used to calculate secondary performance metrics. The kinetic data obtained revealed a compensation effect for this reaction over Al2O3 and SiO2 supported Pt and is the first reported observation of this phenomenon for the oxidation of NO to NO2. Relative performance rankings of Pt supported on Al2O3 and SiO2 show an enhanced intrinsic rate for all the Pt/SiO2 catalysts. Both the Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/SiO2 systems were found to exhibit structure sensitivity, with the change in rate with average particle size appearing stronger for the Pt/Al2O3 system. Statistical analysis of the performance data was used to identify the main effects impacting the NO oxidation rate at 200 °C. The relative order of importance of the factors evaluated was found to be support > pretreatment > loading > calcination atmosphere > calcination temperature > precursor salt.
Is the Association of Hypertension With Cardiovascular Events Stronger Among the Lean and Normal Weight Than Among the Overweight and Obese? The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Previous studies that suggest the association of hypertension with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events is stronger in the lean/normal weight than in the obese have either included smokers, diabetics, or cancer patients, or did not account for central obesity. This study examines the interaction of adiposity with hypertension on CVD events using body mass index (BMI)-based definitions of overweight and obesity, as well as waist circumference (WC) to assess adiposity. In the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, we classified 3657 nonsmoking men and women, free of baseline clinical CVD, diabetes mellitus and cancer, into 7 BMI-WC combinations defined by ethnicity-specific BMI (normal, overweight, class 1 obese, and class 2/3 obese) and ethnicity- and sex-specific WC categories (optimal or nonoptimal). Adjusted absolute event rates per 1000 person-years and relative risks (95% confidence intervals) for CVD events for hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 or taking medication) versus no hypertension computed within adiposity categories were 9.3 versus 1.9 and 4.96 (2.56-9.60) for normal BMI/optimal WC, 13.2 versus 4.2 and 3.13 (0.99-9.86) for normal BMI/nonoptimal WC, 9.0 versus 4.5 and 2.00 (1.19-3.36) for overweight BMI/optimal WC, 8.4 versus 5.6 and 1.50 (0.88-2.54) for overweight BMI/nonoptimal WC,14.1 versus 2.1 and 6.75 (0.69-65.57) for class 1 obese/optimal WC, 10.1 versus 3.7 and 2.69 (1.41-5.16) for class 1 obese/nonoptimal WC, and 9.9 versus 6.9 and 1.45(0.60-3.52) for class 2/3 obese/WC pooled. This study found a large relative risk of CVD events associated with hypertension for normal BMI participants and more importantly similarly high absolute risks for both normal and obese BMI with hypertension.
Expression of chicken fibroblast growth factor homologous factor (FHF)-1 and of differentially spliced isoforms of FHF-2 during development and involvement of FHF-2 in chicken limb development

Members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family have been identified as signaling molecules in a variety of developmental processes, including important roles in limb bud initiation, growth and patterning. This paper reports the cloning and characterization of the chicken orthologues of fibroblast growth factor homologous factors-1 and −2 (cFHF-1/cFGF-12 and cFHF-2/cFGF-13, respectively). We also describe the identification of a novel, conserved isoform of FHF-2 in chickens and mammals. This isoform arises by alternative splicing of the first exon of the FHF-2 gene and is predicted to encode a polypeptide with a distinct amino-terminus. Whole-mount in situ hybridization reveals restricted domains of expression of cFHF-1 and cFHF-2 in the developing neural tube, peripheral sensory ganglia and limb buds, and shows that the two cFHF-2 transcript isoforms are present in non-overlapping spatial distributions in the neural tube and adjacent structures. In the developing limbs, cFHF-1 is confined to the posterior mesoderm in an area that encompasses the zone of polarizing activity and cFHF-2 is confined to the distal anterior mesoderm in a region that largely overlaps the progress zone. Ectopic cFHF-2 expression is induced adjacent to grafts of cells expressing Sonic Hedgehog and the zone of cFHF-2 expression is expanded in talpid2 embryos. In the absence of the apical ectodermal ridge or in wingless or limbless mutant embryos, expression of cFHF-1 and cFHF-2 is lost from the limb bud. A role for cFHF-2 in the patterning and growth of skeletal elements is implied by the observation that engraftment of developing limb buds with QT6 cells expressing a cFHF-2 isoform that is normally expressed in the limb leads to a variety of morphological defects. Finally, we show that a secreted version of cFHF-2 activates the expression of HoxD13, HoxD11, Fgf-4 and BMP-2 ectopically, consistent with cFHF-2 playing a role in anterior-posterior patterning of the limb.
Anisotropic reflection models

We present a new set of lighting models derived from the questions of electromagnetism. These models describe the reflection and refraction of light from surfaces which exhibit anisotropy---surfaces with preferred directions. The model allows a new mapping technique, which we call frame mapping. We also discuss the general relationship between geometric models, surface mapping of all types, and lighting models in the context of rendering images with extreme complexity.
Quantitation of Terbutaline Sulfate in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract A stability-indicating reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed to quantify terbutaline sulfate in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method is accurate and precise with percent relative standard deviations based on 6 readings of 0.6 with an internal standard (salicylic acid) and 0.8 without an internal standard. The results are in excellent agreement with the USP-NF method. A decomposed sample gave 49.4% results with the developed method versus 71.3% with the USP-NF method.
Competitor-to-resource ratio, a general formulation of operational sex ratio, as a predictor of competitive aggression in Japanese medaka (Pisces: Oryziidae)

Operational sex ratio (OSR), the number of potentially mating males divided by the number of fertilizable females, plays a central role in the theory of mating systems by predicting the intensity of intra-sexual competition and sexual selection. We introduce a general version of OSR, competitor-to-resource ratio (CRR, the number of potential competitors divided by the number of resource units), as a potential way of predicting the intensity of competition for any resource. We manipulated CRR over a broad range (0.5–8) by varying both the number of competing male Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) and the number of resources, either females or food items. We tested whether the rate of male–male aggression differed depending on resource type and whether it increased monotonically or followed a dome-shaped relationship with increasing CRR. The patterns of competitive aggression in relation to CRR did not differ significantly between resource types. In addition, the per capita rate of aggression followed a dome-shaped curve; it was low when CRR was less than one, initially increased as CRR increased, was highest at a CRR of about two, and then decreased when CRR was greater than two. However, competitor number, independent of CRR, had a significant and negative effect on rate of aggression. We suggest that CRR is a valuable predictor of the rate of competitive aggression and may be a useful concept for synthesizing ideas about resource competition and monopolization that are currently dispersed in the separate bodies of literature on mating systems, social foraging and territoriality. Key words: aggression, competitor-to-resource ratio, Japanese medaka, mating systems, operational sex ratio, Oryzias latipes, resource competition, territoriality. [Behav Ecol 11:670–675 (2000)]
Dysregulation of oxygen hemodynamic responses to synaptic train stimulation in a rat hippocampal model of subarachnoid hemorrhage

We investigated microvascular reactivity to synaptic train stimulation after induction of subarachnoid hemorrhage in adult rats, analyzing tissue oxygen levels [pO2] in intact hippocampus. In control rats, hippocampal pO2averaged 11.4 mm Hg whereas hemodynamic responses averaged 13.1 mm Hg (to a 25 s train). After subarachnoid hemorrhage (at 2 days), we recorded a dramatic elevation in baseline pO2in the hippocampus (to 68.4 mm Hg) accompanied by inverted pO2responses to synaptic train stimulation (-9.46 mm Hg). These significant changes in baseline hippocampal pO2and inverted pO2responses after subarachnoid hemorrhage indicate severe alterations of neurovascular coupling and neuronal viability.
Reconstruction of networks of cyclostationary processes

Many complex systems can be described by agents that can be modeled as a network of dynamically interacting cyclo-stationary processes. Such systems arise in areas like power systems and climate sciences. For many of these systems a key objective is to understand mutual influences between various subsystems without altering the natural behavior of the system. Such an objective translates to unveiling the interconnection of the topology of the network using only passive means. Most existing related works have emphasized correlation based methods where interdependencies over different time-instants can be missed. Recent work where dynamic influences are incorporated assuming stationary statistics cannot accommodate applications that arise in many areas such as power and climate sciences. In this article an algorithm based on Wiener filtering is devised for the reconstruction of interconnectivity of dynamically related cyclo-stationary processes. It is shown that all existing interdependencies are detected and spurious detection remains local. Application to a microgrid power network is shown to yield useful insights.
Label-Free Nanopore Single-Molecule Measurement of Trypsin Activity

Trypsin is the most important digestive enzyme produced in the pancreas, and is a useful biomarker for pancreatitis. In this work, a rapid and sensitive method for the quantitative determination of trypsin activity is developed by using a biological α-hemolysin protein nanopore. Due to its much larger molecular diameter than the narrow pore constriction, trypsin itself cannot transport through the α-hemolysin channel. Hence, an indirect trypsin detection method is developed by monitoring its proteolytic cleavage of a lysine-containing peptide substrate. Based on the current modulations produced by the translocation of the substrate degradation products in the nanopore, the activity levels of trypsin could be determined. The method is rapid and highly sensitive, with picomolar concentrations of trypsin detected in minutes. In addition, the effects of cation and temperature on the sensor sensitivity, trypsin inhibition, and serum sample analysis are also investigated.
Characteristics of Fluorescein Labelled Antiglobulin Preparations That May Affect the Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody–Absorption Test

A high titer fluorescein labelled antiglobulin preparation was compared with an antiglobulin of lesser potency in fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA) titrations. The former gave higher FTA titers than the latter and therefore detected fewer antibody molecules per treponemal antigen particle. In addition, determination of the working titer of a labelled globulin by the procedure recommended by the USPHS was found to be influenced by the treponemal antibody content of the reference serum used for the titration. Moreover, titration of a labelled antiglobulin with a reference serum of high antibody content yielded a working titer that was too dilute for optimal antibody detection. FTA-ABS test results varied when antiglobulins were used at different working titers obtained in this fashion.
Setting Quantifiable Goals for Broadening Participation in Computing (Abstract Only)

The National Center for Women & Information Technology (NCWIT) works with faculty at all stages of the pipeline to create measureable change at their educational institutions. While faculty are typically committed to this work, they often do not have the time or expertise to create clear, measureable goals that can be assessed and reported to funders or administration. In this BoF, participants will work with NCWIT-developed change tracking tools, and social scientists to develop goals for their home institutions. To gain the most out of the session, please bring your Internet enabled device to try hands-on activities during the session.
Influence of Phospholipids on Ruminal Fermentation in Vitro and on Nutrient Digestion and Serum Lipids in Sheep

Phospholipid supplements were incubated in vitro or fed to sheep to determine how they affected ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestion and serum lipid concentration. In vitro, deoiled soybean lecithin added to hay increased (P less than .05) total VFA concentration but had no effect on fiber digestion in four of five trials. Purified phospholipid (synthetic phosphatidylethanolamine), however, had little effect on in vitro hay fermentation when tested at four levels (0, 10, 20 or 30 mg) in three separate trials. Deoiled soybean lecithin disappeared in vitro at two rates, 12.9 and .66%/h for the fast- and slow-degrading fractions, respectively. Compared with 2.4% corn oil supplements, 5.2% soybean lecithin added to sheep diets (56% concentrate) reduced (P less than .05) energy, fiber and nitrogen digestibilities. Crude lecithin reduced (P less than .05) energy digestibility more than deoiled lecithin. Both types of lecithin increased (P less than .05) serum nonesterified fatty acid concentrations but had no effect on serum glucose, cholesterol or triglyceride concentrations compared with the corn oil diet. In summary, phospholipids had different effects on ruminal fermentation, depending on their source. None had a beneficial effect on fiber digestion. Phospholipids are degraded in the rumen and inhibit digestion in a manner similar to that of the commercial fats and oils.
Methodological issues in the design and analyses of neonatal research studies: Experience of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network

Impressive advances in neonatology have occurred over the 30 years of life of The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network (NRN). However, substantial room for improvement remains in investigating and further developing the evidence base for improving outcomes among the extremely premature. We discuss some of the specific methodological challenges in the statistical design and analysis of randomized trials and observational studies in this population. Challenges faced by the NRN include designing trials for unusual or rare outcomes, accounting for and explaining center variations, identifying other subgroup differences, and balancing safety and efficacy concerns between short-term hospital outcomes and longer-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. In conclusion, the constellation of unique patient characteristics in neonates calls for broad understanding and careful consideration of the issues identified in this article for conducting rigorous studies in this population.
Standing by the Door: The Early Work

It is largely on faith that we regard Stephen Dedalus as an artist; in the Portrait we see only one poem, his villanelle, about which perhaps the best that can be said is that its lushness is not to everyone’s taste. In Ulysses we see even less; the closest he comes to publishing anything is his helping Mr Deasy get his letter about foot and mouth disease into the newspaper. We hear nothing about Stephen’s writing any short stories, much less a novel. At the same age, James Joyce was already working on his collection of stories, Dubliners, had published literary and aesthetic criticism in the Fortnightly Review and elsewhere, and had begun to write his autobiographical novel Stephen Hero.
Inhibition of glucose transport and direct interactions with type 1 facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT-1) by etomidate, ketamine, and propofol: a comparison with barbiturates.

Abstract Ketamine, etomidate, propofol, and pentobarbital were compared for effects on and interactions with the type 1 facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT-1). Fluxes of radiolabeled hexoses were used to determine the effects of anesthetics on GLUT-1 function. Hypotonic hemolysis of human erythrocytes was used to assess perturbations of membrane integrity. Quenching of intrinsic protein fluorescence was used to assess the direct interactions of anesthetics with purified GLUT-1. Pentobarbital, ketamine, etomidate, and propofol inhibited glucose transport in murine fibroblasts with ic 50 values of 0.8, 1.6, 0.1, and 0.4 mM, respectively. Pentobarbital, ketamine, etomidate, and propofol also inhibited sugar transport in human erythrocytes. The ic 50 values for pentobarbital and ketamine exhibited substrate dependence for equilibrium exchange but not unidirectional effluxes. This was not observed for etomidate. Propofol did not inhibit equilibrium exchange but did inhibit unidirectional efflux with little substrate dependence. Pentobarbital protected against hemolysis, whereas etomidate and ketamine promoted hemolysis of erythrocytes. Propofol had no effect on membrane integrity. Pentobarbital, ketamine, and etomidate all interacted directly with GLUT-1, with apparent Kd values of 2.2, 0.8, and 0.5 mM, respectively. Like barbiturates, ketamine, etomidate, and propofol inhibited GLUT-1 at concentrations near to those used pharmacologically. Inhibition of GLUT-1 by these intravenous general anesthetics was complex, exhibiting differential kinetic effects on equilibrium exchange versus unidirectional fluxes and contrasting substrate dependencies. Like barbiturates, ketamine and etomidate bound to GLUT-1 with affinities that paralleled inhibition of glucose transport. As a class, intravenous general anesthetics, in contrast to inhalation anesthetics, inhibit GLUT-1-mediated glucose transport.
The role of peu-miR164 and its target PeNAC genes in response to abiotic stress in Populus euphratica.

Abstract Plant miR164 family is highly conserved and miR164 members regulate conserved targets belonging to NAC transcription factors. Our previous studies have revealed that peu-miR164a–e and its target gene POPTR_0007s08420 participate in abiotic stress response in Populus euphratica according to deep sequencing and degradome sequencing. In this study, miR164 family comprises six members that generate two mature products (miR164a–e and miR164f) and target seven NAC genes in P. euphratica. Co-expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and 5′ RACE confirmed that peu-miR164 directs PeNAC070, PeNAC012 and PeNAC028 mRNAs cleavage. Expression profiles of primary peu-miR164 a/b/c/d/e bear similarity to those of peu-miR164a–e, whereas PeNAC070 and PeNAC081 showed inverse expression patterns with peu-miR164a–e under abiotic stresses. Existence of cis-acting elements in PeNAC070 promoter (ABRE,MBs, Box-W1, GC-motif, and W-box) and in peu-MIR164b promoter (HSE) further confirmed different responses of peu-miR164 and PeNAC070 to abiotic stresses. Histochemical β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining revealed that GUS activities increased when ProPeNAC070::GUS transgenic Arabidopsis plants were exposed to NaCl, mannitol and abscisic acid (ABA), whereas GUS activity of Propeu-MIR164b::GUS plants decreased under ABA treatment. Subcellular localization and transactivation assays showed that PeNAC070 protein was localized to the nucleus and exhibited transactivation activity at the C-terminal. Overexpression of PeNAC070 in Arabidopsis promoted lateral root development, delayed stem elongation, and increased sensitivity of transgenic plants to drought and salt stresses. This study aids in understanding the adaptability of P. euphratica to extreme drought and salt environment by analysing tissue-specific expression patterns of miR164-regulated and specific promoter-regulated PeNAC genes.
Parental perspectives on physical activity of adolescents with cerebral palsy: a pilot study:

As adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) move into adulthood, physical activity tends to decline and they are three times more likely to develop heart disease, stroke or cancer than their able-bodie...
Beyond Assumptions of Altruism: Job Satisfaction in an Age of Nonprofit Professionalization

Research on the nonprofit sector suggests that simply working for an organization that endeavors to serve the public is intrinsically rewarding and provides job satisfaction (Mirvis 1992; Brown and...
Modeling physical vapor deposition of energetic materials

Morphology and microstructure of organic explosive films formed using physical vapor deposition (PVD) processes strongly depends on local surface temperature during deposition. Currently, there is no accurate means of quantifying the local surface temperature during PVD processes in the deposition chambers. This work focuses on using a multiphysics computational fluid dynamics tool, STARCCM+, to simulate pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) deposition. The PETN vapor and solid phase were simulated using the volume of fluid method and its deposition in the vacuum chamber on spinning silicon wafers was modeled. The model also included the spinning copper cooling block where the wafers are placed along with the chiller operating with forced convection refrigerant. Implicit time-dependent simulations in two- and three-dimensional were performed to derive insights in the governing physics for PETN thin film formation. PETN is deposited at the rate of 14 nm/s at 142.9 °C on a wafer with an initial temperature of 22 °C. The deposition of PETN on the wafers was calculated at an assumed heat transfer coefficient (HTC) of 400 W/m2 K. This HTC proved to be the most sensitive parameter in determining the local surface temperature during deposition. Previous experimental work found noticeable microstructural changes with 0.5 mm fused silica wafers in place of silicon during the PETN deposition. This work showed that fused silica slows initial wafer cool down and results in ∼10 °C difference for the surface temperature at 500 μm PETN film thickness. It was also found that the deposition surface temperature is insensitive to the cooling power of the copper block due to the copper block's very large heat capacity and thermal conductivity relative to the heat input from the PVD process. Future work should incorporate the addition of local stress during PETN deposition. Based on simulation results, it is also recommended to investigate the impact of wafer surface energy on the PETN microstructure and morphology formation.
Kernicterus in Older Children and Adults

Kernicterus represents a metabolic encephalopathy afflicting newborns and children with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Also occurring are several types of hyperbilirubinemia with both unconjugated and conjugated present in the serum.
Compile-Time Type Prediction and Type Checking for Common Lisp Programs

This paper describes a system for both predicting and checking the types of Common Lisp programs at compile-time. The system is capable of deriving type declarations from constraints implicit in the code and identifying potential run-time type errors. These capabilities can be used to improve the efficiency of Common Lisp on general-purpose architectures without sacrificing safety or ease of use. The system operates by using the type constraints of primitive functions to propagate known information throughout a dataflow graph of the program.
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnancy Complicated by Pyelonephritis Requiring Nephrectomy.

Routine prenatal care in the United States includes screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB), which occurs in 2 to 7 percent of pregnant women and can cause urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis. We present the case of a pregnant woman affected by multidrug resistant Klebsiella induced ASB during her prenatal screen, which was untreated due to a repeat urine culture showing mixed flora; subsequently, the patient’s postpartum course was complicated by pyelonephritis and perinephric abscess, concluding in a radical nephrectomy. Current recommendations are to treat ASB after two consecutive voided urine cultures showing the same bacterial strain in quantitative counts of =/> 10(5) colony forming units (cfu)/mL or a single-catheterized specimen with quantitative count of =/> 10(2) cfu/mL. For women with ASB in their prenatal screen or other high risk factors, consideration should be given to testing urine cultures every trimester until the completion of pregnancy to prevent the complications of persistent bacteriuria.
Planning for and Working With Children With an Auditory Brainstem Implant: What Therapists Need to Know

Introduction Investigations of auditory brainstem implants (ABIs) in children started around 2012 in the United States. The team at the University of Southern California-Caruso Family Center for Ch...
Peripheral venous hypertension in chronic venous disease

Abstract Background Microvascular venous hypertension has emerged as a central feature of chronic venous disease (CVD). Yet, the incidence and severity of peripheral venous hypertension in the clinical setting have not been reported. This is an observational study of venous hypertension in the lower limb of a large cohort of patients with suspected CVD referred to a single referral center during a 16-year period. Methods Clinical and venous laboratory test data for 8868 limbs of 5792 patients with CVD symptoms seen from 1999 to 2015 were analyzed. Subset A limbs had a mix of obstruction/reflux or neither (n = 4132). These are limbs in which duplex ultrasound reflux (yes/no) status is known. The incidence and severity of obstruction in these limbs are unknown as tests of obstruction were not routinely performed. Subset B limbs had central obstruction (n = 159). These are limbs with intravascular ultrasound-proven stenosis in the iliac veins that was corrected by stent placement. Reflux was assessed by duplex ultrasound and air plethysmography (venous filling index [VFI90]). Pressure measurements included supine venous pressure, erect venous pressure, and ambulatory venous pressure (AMVP). Pressure measurements are categorized according to Clinical, Etiology, Anatomy, and Pathophysiology (CEAP) clinical class, reflux and obstruction with Venn distributions of prevalence. Results All pressures (supine, erect, and ambulatory) trended worse in higher CEAP clinical classes. Supine foot venous pressures were elevated in 70% and 76% of subsets A and B, respectively. A positive association between elevated supine pressures and reflux could not be shown in this study. Supine foot venous pressure did not worsen with increasing reflux in the two subsets, but erect foot venous pressure did. Elevated supine pressures were associated with obstruction in subset B. AMVP worsened in most higher reflux categories. Ambulatory venous hypertension was dominantly associated (Venn distribution) with reflux, less commonly with obstruction. Conclusions Supine venous hypertension is associated with obstruction and does not worsen with reflux. In contrast, erect foot venous pressure worsens in severe reflux categories. Ambulatory venous hypertension worsens in higher CEAP clinical classes. It worsens with increasing reflux. AMVP is dominantly associated (Venn distribution) with reflux, not obstruction.
Discovery and analysis of a blind geothermal system in southeastern Gabbs Valley, western Nevada, USA

Abstract This study assessed the potential for a high-temperature blind geothermal system in southeastern Gabbs Valley, an area with no previous geothermal exploration, by utilizing geothermal play fairway analysis. Gabbs Valley is a structurally complex, tectonically active basin occupying a transtensional displacement transfer zone. Multiple lines of evidence suggest the presence of a blind geothermal system, including collocated intersecting gravity gradients, magnetic-low, low-resistivity, 2-m temperature anomaly, and 130–140 °C geothermometers obtained from nearby agricultural wells. Six 150 m-deep temperature-gradient holes were drilled to target the geophysical and thermal anomalies. Two holes produced bottom-hole temperatures of 114.5 °C and 124.9 °C. Drilling results establish the discovery of a blind geothermal system. Power estimates based on resource conceptual models of the geothermal system suggest a median (P50) capacity of ∼16 MWe.
Minor salivary gland tumors of the head and neck-Memorial Sloan Kettering experience: Incidence and outcomes by site and histological type.

Background Minor salivary gland carcinomas of the head and neck are rare cancers with variable clinical behavior. This study explored the incidence, pathology, clinical behavior, and factors predictive of outcomes in a large cohort of patients treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center over a 30-year period (1985-2015). Methods Clinical, pathological, treatment, and outcome data were collected. Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios for each variable were calculated with univariate and multivariable Cox regression for survival and recurrence outcomes. Results Four hundred fifty patients were included: 55% were female, 56% were younger than 60 years, and the median follow-up was 74 months (range, 1-364 months). The most common site was the oral cavity with 305 tumors (68%), which was followed by the oropharynx with 96 (21%), the sinonasal cavity with 38 (8%), the trachea with 7 (2%), and the larynx with 4 (1%). The most common histological types were mucoepidermoid carcinoma (180 tumors [40%]), adenoid cystic carcinoma (141 tumors [31%]), and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (54 tumors [12%]). The 5-year predicted overall survival rate was 86%, and the disease-specific survival rate was 94% at 5 years. Pathology and tumor stage were significant variables on multivariate analysis for overall survival, disease-specific survival, recurrence-free survival, local recurrence-free survival, regional recurrence-free survival, and distant recurrence-free survival. Conclusions American Joint Committee on Cancer stage and pathology were the most predictive variables across all outcomes. Tumor site, postoperative radiotherapy, and margin status were not statistically significant variables after tumor stage and pathology were controlled for in most outcomes.
Cluster-Based Spectral-Spatial Segmentation of Hyperspectral Imagery

In this paper, we present a multi-step method for performing unsupervised segmentation of hyperspectral imagery using modified clustering algorithms which incorporate both the spatial and spectral information present within the scene. The algorithm does not require apriori knowledge of the number of targets, spectral signatures, or any training data. Instead, the method divides the image into spatially connected regions based solely on an intrinsic notion of spectral similarity. As such, the method is expected to generalize well to many real-world analysis scenarios. The overall runtime complexity of the method is $O(n^{3})$, but the method is amenable to GPU-based parallel computation and algorithmic optimizations which allow for considerable speedup in practice. Using a simplified, synthetic data generation model, we perform Monte Carlo simulations on various images to provide performance metrics in idealized scenarios. Finally, we provide anecdotal evidence of the viability of the method by segmenting several common hyperspectral images found in the literature and providing the graphical result.
Low Order Fractional Riemann–Liouville Inequalities on a Spherical Shell

Here we present low order Riemann–Liouville left and right multivariate fractional inequalities without any initial or boundary conditions. These are of Opial and Poincare type on a spherical shell. See also [4].
Chapter 17 – Peripheral Blood Stem Cells

Adult stem and progenitor cells have been isolated from a wide variety of sources. Lineage-committed progenitors are found in a number of tissues including skin, fat, muscle, heart, brain, liver, pancreas, bladder, and others. Adults have another source of stem and progenitor cells that are not restricted to a specific tissue. These ‘universal’ stem and progenitor cells are found circulating in peripheral blood, allowing them to reach and integrate into all tissues.
Association of Blood Type on Clinical Outcomes in Black/African Americans Hospitalized for COVID-19 Infection

Introduction: Early studies from Wuhan, China have reported an association between blood type and outcomes in COVID-19 infected patients. Conflicting reports in literature have investigated the protective role of blood type O against worst outcomes associated with COVID-19 infections. Approximately 50% of Black/African Americans (AA) have blood group O. Our study is the only study to date looking at the association between Black/AA and blood type. We aimed to determine the association between blood type and Black/AA patients hospitalized for COVID-19.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data on patients with known blood type, who were admitted for COVID-19 at a single center between March and April 2020. We excluded other races in our study because only about 2% of the population was Caucasian and 8% representing other races, representing a small subset of patients under study whereas Black/AA represented about 90% of our hospitalized patients. Patients were stratified into 4 groups based on their ABO blood type. Baseline demographic, clinical characteristics and clinical course of the disease were compared. The primary end point was in-hospital mortality. Secondary endpoints included admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis and length of stay (LOS).Results: During the study period, a total of 256 patients were reviewed. Distribution of ABO type was as follows;A: (N=65) 25%, B: (N=62) 24%, AB: (N=9) 4%, O: (N=120) 47%. Compared to blood types A, B and O, AB patients were younger (mean;yrs. 63 vs. 63 vs. 62 vs. 43 yrs. p=0.0242). Blood type B patients were more likely to present with nausea, than groups A, AB, and O. (27% vs. 10% vs. 0% vs. 5%;p=0.017). All other characteristics including baseline inflammatory markers were comparable. There was no difference among groups regarding in-hospital mortality (A: 39% B: 29% AB: 33% O: 31% p value: 0.676) or admission to the ICU (A:31% B: 28% AB: 33% O: 34% p value: 0.840). The incidence of acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis was higher in blood type A patients compared to B, AB, and O. (31% vs. 0% vs. 23% vs. 19%;p=0.046). In hospital LOS was comparable among all groups.Conclusions: In this single center analysis of black/AA patients admitted for COVID-19, there was no association between blood type and in-hospital mortality or admission to ICU. Blood type A patients had a higher propensity of kidney injury, but this did not translate into worse in-hospital survival.
Interpretation of Incidental Genetic Findings Localizing to Genes Associated With Cardiac Channelopathies and Cardiomyopathies

Recent advances in next-genetic sequencing technology have facilitated an expansion in the use of exome and genome sequencing in the research and clinical settings. While this has aided in the genetic diagnosis of individuals with atypical clinical presentations, there has been a marked increase in the number of incidentally identified variants of uncertain diagnostic significance in genes identified as clinically actionable by the American College of Medical Genetics guidelines. Approximately 20 of these genes are associated with cardiac diseases, which carry a significant risk of sudden cardiac death. While identification of at-risk individuals is paramount, increased discovery of incidental variants of uncertain diagnostic significance has placed a burden on the clinician tasked with determining the diagnostic significance of these findings. Herein, we describe the scope of this emerging problem using cardiovascular genetics to illustrate the challenges associated with variants of uncertain diagnostic significance interpretation. We review the evidence for diagnostic weight of these variants, discuss the role of clinical genetics providers in patient care, and put forward general recommendations about the interpretation of incidentally identified variants found with clinical genetic testing.
Physical and chemical properties of edamame during bean development and application of spectroscopy-based machine learning methods to predict optimal harvest time.

Abstract This study aims to investigate the changes in physical and chemical properties of edamame during bean development and apply a spectroscopy-based machine learning (ML) technique to determine optimal harvest time. The edamame harvested at R5 (beginning seed), R6 (full seed), and R7 (beginning maturity) growth stages were characterized for physical and chemical properties, and pods were measured for spectral reflectance (360–740 nm) using a handheld spectrophotometer. The samples were categorized into ‘early’, ‘ready’, and ‘late’ based on the characterized properties. The results showed that pod/bean weight and pod thickness peaked at R6 and remained stable thereafter. Sugar, starch, alanine, and glycine also peaked at R6 but proceeded to decline. The ML method (random forest classification) using pods’ spectral reflectance had a high accuracy of 0.95 for classifying ‘early’ and ‘late’ samples and 0.87 for classifying ‘early’ and ‘ready’ samples. Therefore, this method can determine the optimal harvest time of edamame.
Velocity effects on Leidenfrost boiling of various liquids

Leidenfrost film boiling for various liquids over velocity, plate temperature and surface roughness range, noting velocity effect on vaporization rate
Section 7 of the Clayton Act as a Basis for the Treble-Damage Action: When May the Private Litigant Bring His Suit

IN THE LAST DECADE the number of private antitrust suits has more than doubled,' a trend which is not likely to be reversed. The large majority of such actions have in the past been based upon alleged violations of sections I and 2 of the Sherman Act, which prohibit contracts, combinations or conspiracies in restraint of trade, and monopolization of trade.2 The future, however, may well witness an increase in the number of private actions having as their genesis alleged violations of section 7 of the Clayton Act, which proscribes mergers or acquisitions that may be harmful to competition.3 In view of the startling increase in the number and size of such consolidations in the United States,4 a continually widening community is likely to be exposed to their frequently deleterious effects. Therefore, the availability of the private action under the latter section has become a question of prime importance.
Rate of Convergence

The traditional definition of rate of convergence refers to the asymptotic properties of normalized errors about the limit point \( \bar \theta \). If e n = e for the Robbins—Monro algorithm, it is concerned with the asymptotic properties of \( U_n^ \in = \left( {\theta _n^ \in - \bar \theta } \right)/\sqrt \in \) for large n and small ∈.
Ultrastructure of Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle in Ducks with a Vitamin E-Selenium Deficiency

The earliest ultrastructural lesions involving smooth muscle of duck duodenum and gizzard produced by a vitamin E-selenium deficiency were a degereration of sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Lysosomes were not observed during these earliest alterations of deficient smooth muscle. Lipid droplets and mineral deposits were present in more severely degernerating smooth muscle that was being infiltrated by heterophils. In areas of necrotic smooth muscle, myoblasts were forming while macrophages, fibroblasts, and an occasional syncytial giant cell contained lipid droplets and surrounded coalesced mineral crystals. Endothelial cells of capillaries and stromal connective tissue were less severely affected with lesions developing after the earliest signs of smooth muscle degeneration. Neuroaxonal degeneration of nonmyelinated nerve fibers was not observed until after most of the smooth muscle had undergone either degeneration or necrosis. A possible explanation for the pathogenesis of the smooth muscle necrosis is discussed in light of the ultrastructural findings.
Friction of Nanoparticle-Covered Surfaces

We present preliminary results from a study of the friction of surfaces with nanoscopic roughness. Surfaces with asperities of a chosen height and average spacing were formed by self-assembly of nanometer-sized solid particles on a flat substrate. The adsorption density of particles was investigated with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and the suitability of these substrates for friction experiments at different length scales was evaluated. Initial results from friction experiments with a nanoparticle-covered surface in non-adhesive contact with an atomically flat surface in a surface forces apparatus (SFA) are presented.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Development of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Total Maximum Daily Load Allocation

Nutrient load allocations and subsequent reductions in total nitrogen and phosphorus have been applied in the Chesapeake watershed since 1992 to reduce hypoxia and to restore living resources. In 2010, sediment allocations were established to augment nutrient allocations supporting the submerged aquatic vegetation resource. From the initial introduction of nutrient allocations in 1992 to the present, the allocations have become more completely applied to all areas and loads in the watershed and have also become more rigorously assessed and tracked. The latest 2010 application of nutrient and sediment allocations were made as part of the Chesapeake Bay total maximum daily load and covered all six states of the Chesapeake watershed. A quantitative allocation process was developed that applied principles of equity and efficiency in the watershed, while achieving all tidal water quality standards through an assessment of equitable levels of effort in reducing nutrients and sediments. The level of effort was determined through application of two key watershed scenarios: one where no action was taken in nutrient control and one where maximum nutrient control efforts were applied. Once the level of effort was determined for different jurisdictions, the overall load reduction was set watershed-wide to achieve dissolved oxygen water quality standards. Further adjustments were made to the allocation to achieve the James River chlorophyll-a standard.
Correlations between neutral and ionized solar wind

Abstract We report results of a statistical study correlating ionized solar wind (ISW) fluxes observed by ACE during late 2000 and throughout 2001 with neutral solar wind (NSW) fluxes observed by IMAGE/LENA over the same period. The average correlation coefficient between the neutral and ionized solar wind is 0.66 with correlations greater than 0.80 occurring about 29% of the time. Correlations appear to be driven by high solar wind flux variability, similar to results obtained by in situ multi-spacecraft correlation studies. In this study, however, IMAGE remains inside the magnetosphere on over 95% of its orbits. As a function of day of year, or equivalently ecliptic longitude, the slope of the relationship between the neutral solar wind flux and the ionized solar wind flux shows an enhancement near the upstream direction, but the symmetry point appears shifted toward higher ecliptic longitudes than the interstellar neutral (ISN) flow direction by about 20°. The estimated peak interstellar neutral upstream density inside of 1 AU is about 7 × 10−3 cm−3.
Klebsiella Pneumoniae: A Rare Cause of Device‐Associated Endocarditis

Intravascular infections involving implanted pacemakers and defibrillators are being seen with increasing frequency. This report describes a case of intravascular infection of an implanted defibrillator with Klebsiella pneumoniae, an unusual pathogen for pacemaker or defibrillator infection.
Composition analysis of oxidized buried SiC layers in silicon from EFTEM images

Abstract Energy filter transmission election microscopy (EFTEM) is used to investigate the composition of a Si/SiOx/SiC multilayer structure formed by ion-beam synthesis. The implanted dose is used as a standard for the quantification of the elemental maps. The carbon redistribution upon the oxidation of SiC is monitored.
Folding transition-state and denatured-state ensembles of FSD-1 from folding and unfolding simulations.

Characterization of the folding transition state ensemble and the denatured state ensemble is an important step toward a full elucidation of protein folding mechanisms. We report an investigation of the free energy landscape of FSD-1 protein by a total of four sets of folding and unfolding molecular dynamics simulations with explicit solvent. The transition state ensemble was initially identified from unfolding simulations at 500 K and was verified by simulations at 300 K starting from the ensemble structures. The denatured state ensemble and the early stage folding have been studied by a combination of unfolding simulations at 500 K and folding simulations at 300K starting from the extended conformation. A common feature of the transition state ensemble was the substantial formation of the native secondary structures, including both α-helix and β-sheet, with partial exposure of the hydrophobic core in solvent. Both the native and non-native secondary structures were observed in the denatured state ensemble and early stage folding, consistent with the smooth experimental melting curve. Interestingly, the contact orders of the transition state ensemble structures were similar to that of the native structure and were notably lower than those of the compact structures found in early stage folding, implying significant roles that the chain and topology entropy may play in protein folding. Implications to FSD-1 folding mechanisms and the rate-limiting step are discussed. Analyses further revealed interesting non-native interactions in the denatured state ensemble and early stage folding and destabilization of these interactions could help to enhance the stability and folding rate of the protein.
A new band system of CS in the near ultraviolet region

Abstract A new band system that is attributed to CS has been observed in the chemiluminescent emission from several low-pressure diffusion flames. A Deslandres scheme yields ω e ′ = 1138 ± 10 cm −1 , ω e ″ = 1280 ± 10 cm −1 , and T e = 27681 ± 10 cm −1 . The lower state appears to be the ground state. The bands are probably the analog of the a 3 Π- X 1 Σ + Cameron bands of CO.
An educational technology curriculum for converging technologies

In the 1990s, digital encoding will cause different modalities for presenting information to converge. These convergent technologies will require a new kind of educational designer and a realignment of graduate programs. Curriculum revision efforts should address the commonalities inherent in convergent technologies and should incorporate emerging design tools, procedures, and principles. This article reviews issues related to converging technologies and describes how they are affecting the Educational Technology curriculum at San Diego State University.