cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heliospheric implications of structure in the interstellar medium

Abstract Equilibrium models of diffuse interstellar material (ISM) near the Sun show a range of cloud densities, ionization, and temperatures which are consistent with data, although the local ISM must be inhomogeneous over ∼2 pc scales. The ISM close to the Sun has properties that are consistent with the sheetlike warm neutral (and partially ionized) gas detected in the Arecibo Millennium Survey. Local interstellar magnetic fields are poorly understood, but data showing weak polarization for nearby stars indicate dust may be trapped in fields or currents in the heliosheath nose region. Implications of this dust capture are widespread, and may impact the interpretation of the cosmic microwave background data. Observations of interstellar H 0 inside of the solar system between 1975 and 2000 do not suggest any variation in the properties or structure of local interstellar H 0 over distance scales of ∼750 AU to within the uncertainties.
Distribution of certain elements in the Duluth complex

Abstract Forty-five samples of mafic rock were obtained at approximately 1 2 mile intervals along two traverses across the strike of the Duluth complex. From these, spectrographic analyses of olivines, pyroxenes, and plagioclases were made. Along the Ham—Brule traverse, the concentration of elements shows strong local fluctuations but no apparent overall trend. Along the Kawishiwi traverse, the MgO, NiO and Cr2O3 of the olivines show a progressive increase upward, whereas the FeO, MnO, CoO, CuO and ZrO2 decrease upward, and the TiO2, V2O3 and Sc2O3 exhibit no consistent trend. Associated feld-spars show an upward increase in MnO and CaO; an upward decrease in MgO, FeO, CuO and Na2O3; and an erratic variation in NiO and TiO2. The trends in the Kawishiwi area are just the reverse of those found in most stratified mafic igneous bodies. They perhaps are the result of multiple injections from a differentiating magma source, with each successive injection emplaced immediately beneath its predecessor. In the Ham-Brule area successive injections were probably cross-cutting, yielding erratic distribution of younger fractions along the traverse line.
The mass of 15O

Abstract The 15 N(p, n) 15 O threshold energy has been measured to be 3775.1 ± 0.8 keV, which is 5.7 keV lower than the presently accepted value. The resulting 15 O mass excess of 2856.4 ± 0.9 keV is 4.7 keV lower than the 1971 mass table value.
Modeling the ambient, low latitude F-region ionosphere—a review

Abstract This paper describes some recent theoretical modeling efforts which primarily study the effects of E×B drift, both vertical and horizontal, on the equatorial ionosphere. Solving the time-dependent ion continuity equation for plasma densities as a function of altitude, latitude and local time it is shown that: (1) by incorporating F-region, vertical E×B drifts which are typical of solar cycle maximum and minimum equinoctial conditions, good agreement is achieved between observed and calculated ƒoF2 values at the magnetic equator (American sector) for these two periods. (2) Modeling the seasonal anomaly in ƒof2 at Kodaikanal for October 1975 and July 1976 requires different vertical E×B drift patterns for these two months and both of these patterns are significantly different from the drifts measured at Jicamarca. (3) By incorporating a realistic E×B drift model which includes the post-sunset enhancement in upward drift, bottomside F-region electron density scale heights are found to be in good agreement with measured values in the 1900–2400 LT period. (4) When a realistic east-west E×B drift pattern is included, calculated electron density profiles at the magnetic equator between 1800 and 2400 LT do not differ significantly from calculated profiles obtained when this component of E×B drift is omitted.
Rate My Expectations: How online evaluations of professors impact students' perceived control

Ratemyprofessors.com (RMP) is a website on which students can post their ratings of professors. The site is widely used; however, little research has examined the effect RMP content has on expectations and approach to the reviewed class. Two studies examined the hypothesis that Ratemyprofessors.com can have an impact on students' impressions of professors and directly affect student perceptions of control over the course outcome and their attitudes toward taking the course. In Study 1, participants recalled an experience visiting Ratemyprofessors.com and taking a class from the professor reviewed. Most participants reported a positive impression, an increase in perceived control, and a subsequent positive classroom experience that exceeded expectations. In Study 2, participants read and evaluated either a set of negative or positive comments about a given professor. Results indicated that positive comments had a more positive effect on perceived control, grade expectancy, and attitude toward the class, than did the negative comments. Thus, these results suggest that content on RMP can impact student expectations and approach to a potential class.
Are cosmic strings frustrated

In models involving more than one U(1)'-charged scalar field (as is often the case in grand unified theories) the cosmic strings which emerge may be more complicated than simple Nielsen-Olesen flux tubes. In particular, strings can form with domain walls or with log-infinite contributions to the mass. A universe with these strings is very different from one in which there are only Nielsen-Olesen-type flux tubes.
A Numerical Approach to Bifurcations from Quadratic Centers

Abstract A combination of analytical and numerical work is done to analyze bifurcation of limit cycles from non-Hamiltonian codimension-three quadratic centers. The winding curve C 3of cyclicity-three separatrix cycles, qualitatively located in earlier work, is determined numerically. Evidence is given that the (2,2), (3,2), and (3,3) configurations of limit cycles do not bifurcate from this class of quadratic centers.
Activation of glucose transport by a natural mutation in the human insulin receptor.

Abstract Naturally occurring mutations in the insulin receptor gene cause heritable severe insulin resistance. These mutations usually impair insulin receptor signaling in cells cultured from affected individuals. However, fibroblasts cultured from a patient with intrauterine growth restriction and severe insulin resistance (leprechaun Atl-1) had normal amounts of insulin receptor protein and defective insulin binding but constitutive activation of insulin-receptor autophosphorylation and kinase activity and of glucose transport. In the same fibroblasts, growth was impaired. Homozygosity for a mutation in the insulin receptor gene was suspected, since he inherited identical DNA haplotypes for this gene from both related parents. Here we report that the proband was homozygous and both parents were heterozygous for a point mutation in the insulin receptor gene converting the Arg86 codon (CGA) to Pro (CCA) (R86P). The R86P substitution is contiguous to the hydrophobic beta-sheet of the receptor alpha subunit implicated by DeMeyts et al. [DeMeyts, P., Gu, J.-L., Shymko, R. M., Kaplan, B. E., Bell, G. I. & Whittaker, J. (1990) Mol. Endocrinol. 4, 409-416] in the binding of aromatic residues of the insulin molecule. The R86P mutant insulin receptor cDNA was inserted into a plasmid under control of a simian virus 40 promoter and transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In contrast with fibroblasts from patient Atl-1, which had normal insulin receptor processing, CHO cells stably transfected with the R86P mutant cDNA (CHO-R86P) had altered posttranslational processing. The R86P mutant receptor failed to bind insulin but caused a significant increase in basal glucose transport in CHO cells. As in fibroblasts cultured from the patient, the R86P mutant insulin receptor did not stimulate growth in transfected CHO cells. These results suggest that the R86P mutation in the insulin receptor activates glucose transport without promoting cell growth and that distinct cell types process this mutant insulin receptor differently.
Let's Make a Deal: The Player's Dilemma

Abstract Implementing conditional probability concepts and understanding their practical implications can be difficult tasks for the student. Textbook problems are often set in artificial situations that neither require nor inspire real-world thinking on the student's part. Recently an old problem appeared in Parade Magazine in a new setting that is realistic, widely known, and invariably of great interest. The solution and failed attempts at solution are rich in their lessons in thinking about conditional probability.
Dissemination of an evidence-based treatment for cancer patients: training is the necessary first step

Evidence-based psychological treatments (EBTs) for cancer patients have not been disseminated in part due to lack of available training. The biobehavioral intervention (BBI) is an EBT designed to alleviate cancer stress and enhance coping. The current study evaluates a training program and uses the Theory of Planned Behavior (TpB) to analyze factors related to intentions to implement BBI. Mental health providers (n = 62) attended a training for BBI. Attendees’ supervisors (n = 40) were later surveyed. Repeated measure ANOVAs assessed change over time in knowledge gains, attitudes towards EBTs/BBI, and self-efficacy. Linear multiple regression analyses assessed relationships between these factors and implementation intentions. BBI knowledge and attitude scores increased from pre- to post-training (ps < 0.01). Significant predictors in the final model were BBI-specific attitudes and self-efficacy (ps < 0.05). The BBI training program was an effective dissemination vehicle. Intervention-specific attitudes and self-efficacy were key factors in predicting providers’ implementation intentions.
THE EFFECT OF PREFIXATION ON THE DIAMETER OF CHROMOSOME FIBERS ISOLATED BY THE LANGMUIR TROUGH-CRITICAL POINT METHOD

The effect of prefixation on the diameter of chromosome fibers isolated by the Langmuir trough-critical point method has been investigated in several species of plants and animals. In barley, fibers isolated from endosperm without prefixation have an average diameter of between 240 and 250 A, and are similar in dimensions and structure to the chromosome fibers isolated from animals by this method. Chromosome fibers from other tissues of the same plant are smaller in diameter when isolated without prefixation, approximating 200 A. After prefixation in 2% buffered formalin, isolated fibers from the three barley tissues studied are reduced in diameter, to approximately 120–130 A for endosperm and leaflet and to 140 A for root tip. Chromosome fibers isolated from newt erythrocytes also show a significantly reduced diameter after formalin prefixation, to approximately 120 A.
Pharmacological Modulation of Cardiac Gap Junctions to Enhance Cardiac Conduction Evidence Supporting a Novel Target for Antiarrhythmic Therapy

Background— Disease-induced alterations of cardiac gap junctions lead to intercellular uncoupling, which is an important mechanism of arrhythmogenesis. Therefore, drugs that selectively open gap junctions potentially offer a novel strategy for antiarrhythmic therapy. Because the peptide ZP123 was found to increase conductance between paired myocytes, we hypothesized that ZP123 would suppress acidosis-induced gap junction closure in the intact heart. Methods and Results— High-resolution optical mapping was used to measure conduction velocity (CV) and action potential duration from ventricular epicardium of Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts at baseline (pH 7.4) and during 45 minutes of perfusion with acidotic (pH 6.0) Tyrode’s solution with (n=8) and without (control, n=7) ZP123 (80 nmol/L). Acidosis produced conduction slowing transverse (29.1±0.1 to 16.8±0.2 cm/s, P<0.0001) and longitudinal (47.2±2.4 to 33.2±4.8 cm/s, P<0.0001) to cardiac fibers. Importantly, ZP123 inhibited conduction slowing during...
Failure to disrupt the ‘sensorimotor’ memory for lifting objects with a precision grip

When repetitively lifting an object with mechanical properties that vary from lift-to-lift, the fingertip forces for gripping and lifting are influenced strongly by the previous lift, revealing a 'sensorimotor' memory. Two recent reports indicate that the sensorimotor memory for grip force is easily disrupted by an unrelated task like a strong pinch or vibration, even when the lift was performed with the hand contralateral to the vibration or preceding pinch. These findings indicate that this memory may reflect sensory input or muscle contraction levels, rather than object properties or the specific task of gripping and lifting. Here we report that the predictive scaling of lift force was not disrupted by conditioning tasks that featured exerting a vertical isometric force with the upper extremity. When subjects lifted a 2 N object repetitively the peak lift force rate was 26.4 N/s. The lift force rate increased to 36.1 N/s when the 2 N object was lifted (regardless of hand) after lifting the 8 N object with the right hand, which reveals the expected 'sensorimotor' memory. The lift force rate did not increase (24.8 vs. 26.4 N/s for the control condition) when a bout of isometric exertion (9.8 N) in the vertical direction with the distal right forearm preceded lifts of the 2 N object. This finding was confirmed with another isometric task designed to more closely mimic lifting an object with a precision grip. This difference in the sensitivity of grip versus lift force to a preceding isometric contraction indicates that separate sensorimotor memories contribute to the predictive scaling of the commands for gripping and lifting an object.
Thrust measurements on a pulsed vacuum-arc thruster

Thrust measurements on pulsed vacuum-arc thrustor, comparing specific impulse and efficiency with exhaust velocity measurements by ion collecting double probes
Effect of a T0 radical hysterectomy specimen on survival for early stage cervical cancer

Abstract Objective. Radical hysterectomy with regional lymphadenectomy is the surgical procedure of choice for stage IA–IIA cervical carcinoma. The goal of this study was to evaluate the outcome of patients with no residual tumor (T0) in their hysterectomy specimens. Methods. An analysis of all women who underwent type II or III hysterectomy for invasive cervical cancer from 1989 to 2005 was performed. The pathologic data and clinical outcome of each patient was documented. T0 subjects were compared to the remainder of the cohort. Survival was evaluated with the Kaplan–Meier method. Results. A total of 594 patients were identified. No residual tumor was noted in the hysterectomy specimens of 171 (29%). T0 patients had earlier stage tumors than the controls (IA 32%, IB 68%) ( p p =0.34). Adjuvant therapy was not administered to any of the T0 subjects. There were no recurrences and no cancer-related deaths in the T0 patients. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed an improved disease free ( p p p =0.0004 and 0.002). Conclusions. A T0 radical hysterectomy specimen indicates a curative therapy. This subgroup of patients has a favorable prognosis with minimal risk of recurrence. Patients with T0 tumors may be candidates for less intensive, abbreviated follow-up.
An Analysis of Four Sexual Offenders' Arousal in the Natural Environment Through the Use of a Portable Penile Plethysmograph

We report the development of a technology for measuring sexual arousal in the natural environment. Experiment 1 demonstrated that levels of sexual arousal obtained in the laboratory when a participant was wearing underwear and trousers were similar to arousal levels obtained without underwear and trousers. In Experiment 2, four sexual offenders' arousal was measured in the natural environment using a portable penile plethysmograph. Measures were taken in three different settings: a setting in which only adults were present, a setting with children present, and a setting with no person other than the data collector present. In each setting, arousal was measured when the data collector was both near and away from the offender. For three of four offenders, patterns of arousal were consistent with previous laboratory assessments and/or previous offenses. Moreover, arousal was greatest when the data collector was away from the participant.
Vortex state in magnetic rings

Recent studies on cobalt and permalloy rings have shown that a totally flux-closed magnetic vortex structure is stable at remanence. The two chiralities of the vortex, clockwise and anti-clockwise, have been proposed as the carriers for the stored information that could be read in a magneto-resistance-based device. Here, we present the results of systematic characterization of arrays of micron size narrow permalloy ring elements of different symmetry with magnetic force microscopy (MFM) to determine the magnetic patterns inside the rings and to visualize the reversal process during a magnetization cycle. Those experimental data are in a good agreement with the results of micromagnetic calculations.
Mutational Analysis of the Nucleotide Binding Sites of the Yeast Vacuolar Proton-translocating ATPase

To further define the structure of the nucleotide binding sites on the vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase), the role of aromatic residues at the catalytic sites was probed using site-directed mutagenesis of the VMA1 gene that encodes the A subunit in yeast. Substitutions were made at three positions (Phe452, Tyr532, and Phe538) that correspond to residues observed in the crystal structure of the homologous beta subunit of the bovine mitochondrial F-ATPase to be in proximity to the adenine ring of bound ATP. Although conservative substitutions at these positions had relatively little effect on V-ATPase activity, replacement with nonaromatic residues (such as alanine or serine) caused either a complete loss of activity (F452A) or a decrease in the affinity for ATP (Y532S and F538A). The F452A mutation also appeared to reduce stability of the V-ATPase complex. These results suggest that aromatic or hydrophobic residues at these positions are essential to maintain activity and/or high affinity binding to the catalytic sites of the V-ATPase. Site-directed mutations were also made at residues (Phe479 and Arg483) that are postulated to be contributed by the A subunit to the noncatalytic nucleotide binding sites. Generally, substitutions at these positions led to decreases in activity ranging from 30 to 70% relative to wild type as well as modest decreases in Km for ATP. Interestingly, the R483E and R483Q mutants showed a time-dependent increase in ATPase activity following addition of ATP, suggesting that events at the noncatalytic sites may modulate the catalytic activity of the enzyme.
A Fully Differential Low-Power Divide-by-8 Injection-Locked Frequency Divider Up to 18 GHz

A low power divide-by-8 injection-locked frequency divider is presented. The frequency divider consists of four current-mode logic (CML) D-latches connected in the form of a four-stage ring with the differential input signal injected into the clock terminals of the latches. The output signals can be taken from the data terminals of any of the four latches. The proposed frequency divider has higher operating frequency and lower power dissipation compared with conventional static frequency dividers. Compared with existing injection-locked frequency dividers, the proposed fully differential frequency divider presents wider locking range with the center frequency independent of injection amplitude. The frequency divider is implemented in TSMC 0.18 mum CMOS technology. It consumes around 3.6 mW power with 1.8 V supply. The operating frequency can be tuned from 4 GHz to 18 GHz. The ratio of the locking range over the center frequency is up to 50% depending on the operating frequency and biasing conditions.
The mispricing of callable U.S. treasury bonds: A closer look

INTRODUCTION An ongoing controversy exists concerning the valuation of callable U.S. Treasury bonds. Recent studies by Longstaff (1992) and Edleson, Fehr, and Mason (1993) compare market prices for callable and noncallable Treasury issues in an attempt to estimate the value of the options embedded in the callable bond. Surprisingly, both studies find that negative option values are very common, implying that callable Treasury bonds are significantly overpriced. In contrast, in an expanded analysis, Jordan, Jordan, and Jorgensen (1995) find that negative option values very rarely occur. Most recently, Carayannopoulos (1995) reexamines the issue with a broader sample of callable bonds and, as in Longstaff and in Edleson et al., reports that negative option values are quite frequent, thereby reopening the debate. Furthermore, unlike previous studies, Carayannopoulos (1995) reports that negative implied put values are much more common than negative implied call values. Carayannopoulos also documents a coupon effect indicating that negative option values are concentrated in lower coupon callable bonds.
Cyclisierungsreaktionen über Palladium‐katalysierte allylische Alkylierungen

Die historische Entwicklung der Chemie von Carbo- und Heterocyclen ist eng verknupft mit ihrer Zuganglichkeit. Ubergangsmetallkatalysierte Cyclisierungsreaktionen eroffnen neue Moglichkeiten zur einfachen Darstellung carbo- und heterocyclischer Verbindungen. Unter diesen Methoden nehmen Palladium-katalysierte allylische Alkylierungen wegen ihrer auserordentlichen Chemo-, Regio- und Diastereoselektivitat sowie den sich abzeichnenden Moglichkeiten zur Entwicklung enantioselektiver Reaktionen einen hohen Stellenwert ein. Da der Ringschlus anderen Gesetzen unterliegt als in Reaktionen, die nicht ubergangsmetallkatalysiert sind, lassen sich anstelle normaler (d. h. funf-, sechs- und siebengliedriger) Ringe bevorzugt mittlere (d. h. acht-, neun-, zehn- und elfgliedrige) und grose Ringe aufbauen. Mit geeigneten Substraten kann man sogar Makrocyclen unter normalen Konzentrationsbedingungen darstellen. Ein weiterer Vorteil der ubergangsmetallkatalysierten Substitution ist die – im Vergleich zu Reaktionen, die nicht ubergangsmetallkatalysiert sind (Inversion der Konfiguration) – komplementare Stereochemie (Retention der Konfiguration). Durch den vorubergehenden Einbau des Substrats in den Ubergangsmetallkomplex kann im Ubergangszustand eine stereochemische Anordnung erzwungen werden, die – unabhangig von der Stereochemie des Ausgangsmaterials – die Bildung des thermodynamisch weniger stabilen Produkts begunstigt. Wahrend sich die meisten bisherigen Arbeiten auf die Synthese von Carbocyclen konzentrieren, stecken die Moglichkeiten zur Darstellung von Heterocyclen noch in den Anfangen. Heterocyclen konnen nicht nur durch C-C-Verknupfung aufgebaut werden, sondern es konnen auch Heteroatome wie Sauerstoff und Stickstoff als Nucleophile bei der Cyclisierung fungieren; die Verwendung weiterer Heteroatome als Nucleophile bleibt zu untersuchen. Neue Anwendungsbereiche fur Cyclisierungen durch allylische Alkylierung eroffnen sich, wenn man das benotigte π-Allylpalladium-Zwischenprodukt auf andere Weise als uber Palladium (0)-initiierte allylische Ionisierung erzeugt. Auch die Verwendung anderer Metalle anstelle von Palladium konnte weitere Moglichkeiten bieten.
Alfred J Luessenhop and the dawn of a new superspecialty: endovascular neurosurgery

Endovascular neurosurgery, or interventional neuroradiology, has developed rapidly over the last 50 years and has posed a challenge to the established mode of open surgery. Alfred J Luessenhop, an American neurosurgeon, is credited with the first embolization of a cranial arteriovenous malformation and the first intracranial arterial catheterization to occlude an aneurysm. This review describes the life and work of the surgeon who can be regarded as the father of endovascular neurosurgery.
Assessing the Impact of Denitrifier-Produced Nitric Oxide on Other Bacteria

A series of experiments was undertaken to learn more about the impact on other bacteria of nitric oxide (NO) produced during denitrification. The denitrifier Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.3 was chosen as a denitrifier for these experiments. To learn more about NO production by this bacterium, NO levels during denitrification were measured by using differential mass spectrometry. This revealed that NO levels produced during nitrate respiration by this bacterium were in the low μM range. This concentration of NO is higher than that previously measured in denitrifiers, including Achromobacter cycloclastes and Paracoccus denitrificans. Therefore, both 2.4.3 and A. cycloclastes were used in this work to compare the effects of various NO levels on nondenitrifying bacteria. By use of bacterial overlays, it was found that the NO generated by A. cycloclastes and 2.4.3 cells during denitrification inhibited the growth of both Bacillus subtilis and R. sphaeroides 2.4.1 but that R. sphaeroides 2.4.3 caused larger zones of inhibition in the overlays than A. cycloclastes. Both R. sphaeroides 2.4.3 and A. cycloclastes induced the expression of the NO stress response gene hmp in B. subtilis. Taken together, these results indicate that there is variability in the NO concentrations produced by denitrifiers, but, irrespective of the NO levels produced, microbes in the surrounding environment were responsive to the NO produced during denitrification.
Posttraumatic Responses to Childhood Abuse and Implications for Treatment

In July 1993, the National Research Council (1993) published a comprehensive volume entitled Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect. In this volume, statistics from the US Department of Health and Human Services documented reports of child maltreatment in 1990 involving more than 2.7 million children. Not surprisingly, childhood trauma, usually in the form of childhood physical, sexual, or emotional abuse, or profound neglect, is a common feature in psychiatric patients. In recent years, clinical observations concerning childhood abuse and research studies have found that childhood physical and/or sexual abuse is reported in the histories of nearly two thirds of adult female psychiatric patients (Bryer, Nelson, Miller, & Krol, 1987; Chu & Dill, 1990; Surrey, Swett, Michaels, & Levin, 1990). Through clinical observations and recent research, the impact of both severe childhood abuse and the dysfunctional environments in which abuse occurs have increasingly become more clearly defined.
Nervous Conditions, Lukács, and the Postcolonial Bildungsroman

This essay asks what it means to call Tsitsi Dangarembga's Nervous Conditions (1988) a postcolonial bildungsroman. It argues that there is a fundamental contradiction in the term between the pressures and practices of bildung (education; development; formation), on the one hand, and the project of postcolonial emancipation, on the other. Managing contradictions is a standard feature of the bidungsroman, though, and the essay argues that what makes Nervous Conditions interesting is the way it addresses this particular core contradiction. What marks Dangarembga's novel as distinct from earlier European bildungsromans is, first, its relationship with its revolutionary moment, that is, to the Zimbabwean independence struggle, and, second, its deployment of narration and description, or of realist and naturalist narrative modes, in representing an epistemology of postcolonial resistance.
Psychosocial consequences of alcohol misuse in the family of origin.

(1992). Psychosocial Consequences of Alcohol Misuse in the Family of Origin. International Journal of the Addictions: Vol. 27, No. 10, pp. 1137-1158.
Fracto-Emission Accompanying Adhesive Failure

For a wide range of materials, emission of electrons (EE), positive ions (PIE), and photons (phE) is observed accompanying fracture. Here we report on work concerning emission from adhesive failure. The systems studied include interfacial failure between epoxy—brittle materials, polybutadiene—glass, and pressure sensitive adhesives—polymers. When interfacial failure occurs, it produces highly excited surfaces with intense charge separation. De‐excitation in the presence of surface charge produces intense, long lasting (several minutes) emission. Energy distribution curves for both EE and PIE decrease monotonically with a tail extending out to several hundred eV. For a few systems we compare EE and phE which show different decay characteristics.
Bi-lingual agent-guided touch-screen interface for public information kiosks

An effective human-computer interface should allow for intuitive and seamless communication between the human and the computer. With the increased popularity of touchscreens on devices, computers and kiosks, the need arises to further study user interface design for touchscreen enabled information systems catering to users of various linguistic and cultural backgrounds. This paper presents our work on creating a bi-lingual intuitive touchscreen user interface and information system for a kiosk in a mixed-cultural public setting. We use this test-bed to run initial experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of the interface across the English and Arabic languages including the effects of an animated agent on the respective interface languages and user satisfaction.
A journey from sickle cell anemia to ADAMTS13

that ultra-large multimers were secreted only upon endothelial stimulation or injury. In contrast, the new data indicated that, irrespective of perturbation, endothelial cells secreted only a high molecular weight VWF polymer, not a series of multimers. Since difference in cell culture conditions might have caused the variability in the composition of endothelial VWF, I turned to Kaul’s ex vivo vascular model to tackle the discrepancy. As in cell cultures, the vascular perfusates contained an ultra-large polymer, not a series of multimers [3]. Based on these results, it was concluded that the multimers found in normal plasma were not directly released from endothelial cells. Both ultralarge and normal multimers were generated upon or subsequent to its release from endothelial cells. Although the issue in question did not appear to have immediate clinical relevance, it had irresistible attraction. With the unwavering support of Ronal Nagel I continued on the project.
Effects of yoga on the autonomic nervous system, gamma-aminobutyric-acid, and allostasis in epilepsy, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder

A theory is proposed to explain the benefits of yoga practices in diverse, frequently comorbid medical conditions based on the concept that yoga practices reduce allostatic load in stress response systems such that optimal homeostasis is restored. It is hypothesized that stress induces (1) imbalance of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) with decreased parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, (2) underactivity of the gamma amino-butyric acid (GABA) system, the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter system, and (3) increased allostatic load. It is further hypothesized that yoga-based practices (4) correct underactivity of the PNS and GABA systems in part through stimulation of the vagus nerves, the main peripheral pathway of the PNS, and (5) reduce allostatic load. Depression, epilepsy, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and chronic pain exemplify medical conditions that are exacerbated by stress, have low heart rate variability (HRV) and low GABAergic activity, respond to pharmacologic agents that increase activity of the GABA system, and show symptom improvement in response to yoga-based interventions. The observation that treatment resistant cases of epilepsy and depression respond to vagal nerve stimulation corroborates the need to correct PNS underactivity as part of a successful treatment plan in some cases. According to the proposed theory, the decreased PNS and GABAergic activity that underlies stress-related disorders can be corrected by yoga practices resulting in amelioration of disease symptoms. This has far-reaching implications for the integration of yoga-based practices in the treatment of a broad array of disorders exacerbated by stress.
On mixing sets arising in chance-constrained programming

The mixing set with a knapsack constraint arises in deterministic equivalent of chance-constrained programming problems with finite discrete distributions. We first consider the case that the chance-constrained program has equal probabilities for each scenario. We study the resulting mixing set with a cardinality constraint and propose facet-defining inequalities that subsume known explicit inequalities for this set. We extend these inequalities to obtain valid inequalities for the mixing set with a knapsack constraint. In addition, we propose a compact extended reformulation (with polynomial number of variables and constraints) that characterizes a linear programming equivalent of a single chance constraint with equal scenario probabilities. We introduce a blending procedure to find valid inequalities for intersection of multiple mixing sets. We propose a polynomial-size extended formulation for the intersection of multiple mixing sets with a knapsack constraint that is stronger than the original mixing formulation. We also give a compact extended linear program for the intersection of multiple mixing sets and a cardinality constraint for a special case. We illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed inequalities in our computational experiments with probabilistic lot-sizing problems.
A Communication Model of Personal Space Violations: Explication and an Initial Test.

An earlier model of personal space expectations and their violations is expanded through specification of primitive terms, constitutive definitions, and the prepositional logic underlying the model. Five sample hypotheses are deduced and experimentally tested. Results generally support the model: violations by rewarding communicators produced more positive outcomes than violations by punishing communicators, and the relationships between distance and communication outcomes for each type of communicator were curvilinear.
Design of a Large Scale Discrete Element Soil Model for High Performance Computing Systems

The Discrete Element Model (DEM) is an alternative to the classical continuum mechanics approach for problems with flow-like deformations of solids. DEM is especially well-suited for problems such as soil plowing where the media is subject to large discontinuous deformations. The goal of this project was to develop a large-scale three dimensional DEM soil modeling system capable of handling problems with potentially several million particles. This paper discusses the development of that model and the factors driving it toward a High Performance Computing (HPC) solution. It also discusses how work in progress is making use of heterogeneous HPC environments and high speed networks to produce a real-time user interaction and visualization capability.
Letter to Jarvie

Dear Ian, A wise colleague once told me that anthropology is no different from other business-there is no such thing as bad publicity. But I am somewhat embarrassed by your Epistle (AA 77:253-266, 1975) and I should like to make a few remarks, mainly points of rectification and information concerning my paper which you singled out for attack (Fabian 1971a). My report on what occurred in my ethnographic confrontation with the Jamaa movement was reflective and restrospective. In my thoughts about ethnographic objectivity I combined what happened with what ought to have happened. In any case, I did not discover the Jamaa. When I started fieldwork, it was not an "obscure cult movement" (p. 257). It had caused considerable concern in the colonial government and in the Vatican, and there existed descriptions by Theuws (1961), now an anthropologist at the University of Windsor, Ontario, and by DeCraemer (1965), now a sociologist at the University of Pennsylvania. Before I had finished my fieldwork, the movement was mentioned-as "Yamaa"-by the New York Times (Monday, 25 December 1967). If that isn't a sign of notoriety, what is? I had written several conventional articles and a monograph was in press before Philosophy of the Social Sciences (I. C. Jarvie, Secretary) published my philosophical reflections. (Upon rereading that article I find that a few distorting errors have slipped through editing: page 35, line 7, should read, "That this is a legitimate procedure for certain purposes, I do not deny,..."; page 36, last line, " ... the origin of the movement at its historical boundary . . . "; page 45, note 15, " ... must not be equated with ... ") I also remember that both an earlier draft of my paper and substantial parts of your Epistle, were contributions to a symposium on Epistemological Foundations of Anthropology at the AAA annual meeting in San Diego (1970). At that time, you did not seem to mind being seen in my and Bob Scholte's company. May I also remind you that, only a few months ago, you were invited by me, and agreed, to contribute to a planned book on the theory of charismatic movements. --This just in case the reader wonders whether you and I talk to each other.
Structural evolution and properties of subnanometer Tcn (n = 2–15) clusters

All-electron scalar relativistic calculations of the geometric and electronic structures of neutral subnanometer Tcn (n = 2–15) clusters have been performed using spin-polarized density functional theory. It is shown that the structural evolution of Tcnclusters from n = 3 to n = 8 is similar to Mn clusters, which also belong to the group of VIIB transition metals. The calculated binding energy per atom varies gradually from 0.65 eV for Tc2 to 2.35 eV for Tc15. The computed electron affinity and ionization potential follow the classical electrostatic metallic droplet model for clusters larger than Tc6 and converge asymptotically to the experimental value of the bulk Tc work function. A study of the kinetic stability of Tc clusters in terms of the second difference of binding energies and the energy gap between the frontier orbital states predicts Tc3(D3h), Tc4(Td), Tc6(Oh), Tc12(Ih), and Tc13(Ih) to be the most stable clusters. Vibrational spectra of Tc clusters are also provided for further experimental identification.
Percutaneous dilatational tracheotomy: Ciaglia method

Percutaneous bedside dilatational tracheotomy has become a safe alternative to open tracheotomy. Based on the widely practiced Seldinger technique, the Ciaglia procedure can be a useful addition to an otolaryngologist’s armamentarium. Adherence to a rigid protocol including considerations of contraindications, use of a team approach, and bronchoscopic guidance will ensure optimal outcome.
On the performance issues of object-based buffering

Due to the nature of supported applications, object-oriented DBMSs need efficient mechanisms for the retrieval of complex objects and the navigation along semantic links among objects. Object clustering is effective when the primary access pattern follows the primary relationship used for clustering, but not so effective when multiple relationships are involved. Object buffering provides a possible solution to compensate the limitation of clustering schemes. The paper investigates the advantages of using an additional layer of object-based buffer pools on top of a traditional page-based buffer pool, and proposes a profile-based buffering scheme to optimize the efficiency of object buffer pools. The performance evaluation based on the semantic implementation of profiles was conducted. >
TEXTBOOK EXPLANATIONS OF INFLATION IN THE 1970s

This survey of 23 macroeconomics textbooks shows that many contain an analysis of inflation during the 1970s that is potentially misleading. The survey indicates the predominant textbook explanation of inflation in the 1970s is that price increases of imported oil caused supply-side shocks that led to cost-push inflation. The textbook oil story of inflation is frequently based on casual empiricism, often fails to directly integrate monetary policy, and could have been presented using the price of any basic imported commodity. The contention in this article is that the oil story of inflation is included in the textbooks, even if it is flawed and misleading, because it is a low-cost, easily understood explanation that is consistent with a Keynesian view of inflation. The oil story, moreover, is included in textbooks because it is considered an accurate story of inflation by nearly all authors. Personal correspondence with the textbook authors offers support for this explanation for inclusion of the oil stor...
Gang Membership and Race as Risk Factors for Juvenile Arrest

This study addresses the link between gang membership and arrest frequency, exploring the Gang × Race interaction on those arrests. The focus on youth’s earliest point of contact with the juvenile justice system corresponds to the latest priority of the federal initiative on Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC). Using Poisson regression to analyze longitudinal data on a representative sample of U.S. teens, results support both main effects and interaction hypotheses. Gang membership, racial minority status, and their interaction each increase the risk of arrest, controlling for other demographic and legal items. Results suggest that bias against these groups is most pronounced with less serious crimes. Main effects for Black youth are stronger than for Hispanic youth, underscoring the importance of conducting tests for each minority group separately. Interactions for Black and Hispanic gang youth are equally robust, suggesting they warrant similar priority in policy initiatives to reduce DMC.
Effects of ionic strength on lysozyme uptake rates in cation exchangers. I: Uptake in SP sepharose FF

Fluorescence scanning confocal microscopy was used in parallel with batch uptake and breakthrough measurements of transport rates to study the effect of ionic strength on the uptake of lysozyme into SP Sepharose FF. In all cases the adsorption isotherms were near-rectangular. As described previously, the intraparticle profiles changed from slow-moving self-sharpening fronts at low salt concentration, to fast-moving diffuse profiles at high salt concentration, and batch uptake rates correspondingly increased with increasing salt concentration. Shrinking core and homogeneous diffusion frameworks were used successfully to obtain effective diffusivities for the low salt and high salt conditions, respectively. The prediction of column breakthrough was generally good using these frameworks, except for low-salt uptake results. In those cases, the compressibility of the stationary phase coupled with the shrinking core behavior appears to reduce the mass transfer rates at particle-particle contacts, leading to shallower breakthrough curves. In contrast, the fast uptake rates at high ionic strength appear to reduce the importance of mass transfer limitations at the particle contacts, but the confocal results do show a flow rate dependence on the uptake profiles, suggesting that external mass transfer becomes more limiting at high ionic strength. These results show that the complexity of behavior observable at the microscopic scale is directly manifested at the column scale and provides a phenomenological basis to interpret and predict column breakthrough. In addition, the results provide heuristics for the optimization of chromatographic conditions.
Incidence of New Tumor Formation in Patients with Hereditary Retinoblastoma Treated with Primary Systemic Chemotherapy: Is There a Preventive Effect?

Purpose To report the incidence of new tumor formation in hereditary retinoblastoma patients treated with primary systemic chemotherapy. Design Noncomparative retrospective case series. Participants Fifty-eight consecutive patients with hereditary retinoblastoma treated with primary systemic chemotherapy. Methods The charts of 58 consecutive patients with hereditary retinoblastoma treated between January 1996 and August 2005 were reviewed. Data extracted included gender, age at diagnosis, family history of retinoblastoma, laterality of disease, tumors per eye, Reese–Ellsworth grouping of affected eyes, starting and ending dates for chemotherapy, number of cycles of chemotherapy, chemotherapy regimen, need for external beam radiotherapy and/or enucleation, and development and location (macula, midzone, and periphery) of new tumors after the start of systemic chemotherapy. Main Outcome Measure New tumor formation after treatment with primary systemic chemotherapy. Results Of the 58 patients, 48 had bilateral involvement at diagnosis. Median age at diagnosis was 6.6 months. Thirteen patients had a positive family history. Of the eyes with tumor (n = 106) at diagnosis, 52 (49%) were in Reese–Ellsworth groups I to III, whereas 54 (51%) were in group IV or V. Seven patients (12%) with a median age of 1.6 months at diagnosis formed 36 new tumors in 11 eyes after the start of chemotherapy. Median time from initiation of chemotherapy to detection of the first new tumor was 3 months (range, 1–15). Cumulative incidence of new tumor formation at 2 years was 10±3%. An age of P P P = 0.021, respectively). Median follow-up for all patients was 5 years (range, 1–10.1). Conclusion New tumors continue to form in patients with hereditary retinoblastoma despite treatment with primary systemic chemotherapy. Younger patients and those with a positive family history are more likely to have new tumors formed. However, chemotherapy may impact small previously undetected lesions by slowing their growth and facilitating later focal consolidation.
NASC: Network-Aware Source Coding for Wireless Broadcast Channels with Multiple Sources

In this paper, we present a network-aware source coding (NASC) approach for wireless broadcast channels with multiple sources. The proposed NSAC approach takes into account the information of the network topology during the source coding process and the cross-layer design approach may be beneficial for wireless networks. We derive the optimal bounds using network-aware source coding in wireless networks for two scenarios: the minimization of the total traffic load and the minimization of the total required energy. Implementation issues are also discussed.
Potential Therapies for the HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome

The HIV associated liposdystrophy syndrome consists of four parts that are likely to be related, but that appear to be able to exist independently in an HIV-infected individual (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). These four components include: fat deposition (buffalo hump, visceral fat, breast enlargement), subcutaneous fat atrophy, disorders of glucose and insulin metabolism, most commonly manifest as glucose intolerance, and disorders of lipid and cholesterol metabolism, with elevations in total cholesterol, fasting triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL cholesterol). The epidemiology and potential mechanisms for these are discussed in detail in other chapters in this book. It is clear that both of the body shape abnormalities are distressing to patients, and have lead to refusal to initiate anti-retroviral therapy or termination of ART by patients. In non-HIV-infected patients, visceral fat has a strong association with glucose intolerance and adverse cardiovascular events (7). In population studies, elevations in cholesterol and triglycerides and glucose intolerance/insulin resistance are associated with adverse outcomes as well (8, 9, 10, 11, 12). No definitive studies exist yet for HIV to assure us that the same ourcomes will occur with these metabolic abnormalities in the HIV infected patient, but there is sufficient concern that these association will hold, that interventions to attempt to control these metebolic abnormalities are being investigated.