cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Swimming in Debt: Student Loans and the Fight to Save a Generation

In 2010, student loan debt surpassed credit card debt for the first time in US history. Default rates have increased following the Great Recession. Yet student debt, unlike most debt, is not dischargeable in bankruptcy, leaving those burdened by loans unable to move on with their lives. Hundreds of alumni from the private, for-profit Corinthian Colleges Inc. have proclaimed a debt strike, refusing to pay off their student loans. They assert they were defrauded by aggressive recruitment and specious promises about jobs, while Corinthian profited from federal loan funds. The seeds of this debt resistance movement, sown in the wake of Occupy Wall Street, are growing. The activism described in this chapter raises questions about the provisioning and financing of higher education in the neoliberal era.
Effect of enalapril on blood pressure, renal function, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in cats with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Objective To evaluate blood pressure, renal function, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in cats with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and to assess the effect of enalapril on these variables. Animals 6 cats with ADPKD and 6 age-matched healthy cats. Procedure To measure blood pressure and heart rate, a radiotelemetry catheter was placed in the left femoral artery of each cat. Baseline data collection included 24-hour blood pressure, heart rate, and motor activity. Blood was then collected for analysis of RAAS status and renal function. Enalapril (0.5 mg/kg of body weight, p.o., q 24 h) was administered for 1 week, and data collection was repeated. Results Differences in baseline blood pressure, heart rate, motor activity, RAAS status, and renal function were not detected between cats with ADPKD and control cats. Hypertension was not documented in cats with ADPKD. Blood pressure was significantly reduced for 15 to 17 hours after treatment with enalapril in both groups. Administration of enalapril also resulted in significant increases in plasma renin activity and significant decreases in angiotensin converting enzyme activity and atrial natriuretic peptide concentration but only minimal changes in glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow in both groups of cats. Conclusions and clinical relevance Although hypertension is common in humans with ADPKD, cats with ADPKD were normotensive. Treatment with enalapril (0.5 mg/kg, p.o., q 24 h) significantly reduced blood pressure in normotensive healthy cats and cats with ADPKD, and resulted in predictable changes in RAAS enzyme activities and hormone concentrations. Enalapril had minimal effects on renal function.
Cooperative trajectory planning in an intercommunicating group of UAVs for convex plume wrapping

Trajectory planning in airborne networks is a primary application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) communication. The literature contains algorithms focusing on collision avoidance, intelligent task assignment and path planning among UAVs. Cooperative schemes exist in which the UAVs communicate with each other to reach a consensus on how each vehicle will take up one trajectory at a time efficiently based on its capability. In the last decade, much research is being done to use UAVs to track contamination in the environment, detect fires and even volcanic eruptions. As the plumes are constantly varying in space and time, there have to be efficient guidance algorithms for the UAVs in order to keep track of the shape of the plume. In this paper, we survey the literature to explore the currently available trajectory planning algorithms and also the few available plume tracking algorithms. We then formulate the Plume wrapping problem and propose a cooperative trajectory planning approach for a group of UAVs, through which the UAVs communicate their position estimates and planned trajectories to update each others trajectory to efficiently wrap around a plume region so that the contamination in the region can be studied.
Analisis Return On Assets (ROA) dan Return On Equity Terhadap Rasio Permodalan (Capital Adequacy Ratio) Pada PT Bank Sinarmas Tbk

A Company always strives to obtain maximum results by using the capital they have optimally including in banking activities. The health of a bank can be seen from the use of its capital to generate profit after tax. In this study the authors use the quantitative method that is through the financial statements in the if own. Analyzer used in this research is Multiple Linear Regression using IBM SPSS Statistics 22 application. The financial statements used are the tube financial statements in 2011 until 2015. The calculation result show between ROA and ROE to CAR simultaneously exist a very strong relationship of 0.935. Between ROA and ROE to CAR simultaneously there is a significant influence or contribution by 87%. The multiple regression equation that is formed is Y=13,971+11,717X1-1,248X2 Keyword : ROA, ROE, CAR
Sumoylation promotes optimal APC/C activation and timely anaphase

The Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) is a ubiquitin E3 ligase that functions as the gatekeeper to mitotic exit. APC/C activity is controlled by an interplay of multiple pathways during mitosis, including the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), that are not yet fully understood. Here, we show that sumoylation of the APC4 subunit of the APC/C peaks during mitosis and is critical for timely APC/C activation and anaphase onset. We have also identified a functionally important SUMO interacting motif in the cullin-homology domain of APC2 located near the APC4 sumoylation sites and APC/C catalytic core. Our findings provide evidence of an important regulatory role for SUMO modification and binding in affecting APC/C activation and mitotic exit.
Production of hydrocarbons from biomass-derived biochar assisted microwave catalytic pyrolysis

In the present study, in situ catalytic pyrolysis of Douglas fir pellets was performed in a microwave reactor. A biochar catalyst derived from corn stover biochar was prepared for the experiment. The results showed that the highest amounts of hydrocarbons (52.77% of bio-oil) were achieved from microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis over the biochar catalyst at a reaction temperature of 480 °C. A non-condensable gas enriched in H2, CO, and CO2 was observed and analyzed by micro-GC. The amounts of H2 and CO increased during catalytic pyrolysis compared to the non-catalytic runs. GC/MS analysis results showed that the quantity of lignin-derived guaiacols decreased dramatically with the increase of the ratio of catalyst to biomass. The biochar catalyst exhibited good selectivity towards hydrocarbon and phenol compounds, simplifying the chemical composition, reducing undesirable compounds and producing pyrolysis oil in an acceptable yield. The reaction mechanism for hydrocarbon production from catalytic pyrolysis was also analyzed.
Prospective assessment of combined handgrip strength and Mini-Cog identifies hospitalized heart failure patients at increased post-hospitalization risk.

AIMS The utility of combined assessment of both frailty and cognitive impairment in hospitalized heart failure (HF) patients for incremental post-discharge risk stratification, using handgrip strength and Mini-Cog as feasible representative parameters, was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS A prospective, single-centre cohort study of older adults (age ≥65) hospitalized for HF being discharged to home was performed. Pre-discharge, grip strength was assessed using a dynamometer (Jamar hydrolic hand dynamometer, Lafayette Instruments, Lafayette, IN, USA) and was defined as weak if the maximal value was below the gender-derived and body mass index-derived cut-offs according to Fried criteria. Cognition was assessed using the Mini-Cog. The presence of impairment was defined as a score of <2. Outcome measures were all-cause readmission or emergency department visit (primary) or all-cause mortality (secondary) at 6 months. A total of 56 patients (mean age 77 ± 7 years, 73% male) were enrolled. The majority (n = 33, 59%) had weak grip strength, either with (n = 5) or without (n = 28) cognitive impairment. The highest risk for both readmission and mortality occurred in those with weak grip strength and cognitive impairment in combination (log-rank P < 0.0001 and P = 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Patients who are frail by grip strength assessment and cognitively impaired according to severely reduced Mini-Cog performance show the worst midterm post-discharge outcomes after HF hospitalization.
Some Laws of the Iterated Logarithm for Two Parameter Martingales

We prove some laws of the iterated logarithm for two parameter martingale differences of the following type: E(X t|σ(X s, s 1<t 1 or s 2<t 2))=0 a.s.
Eukaryotic Protein Biosynthesis: The Elongation Cycle

The process of translation is defined by three distinct steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Initiation administers correct match of messenger RNA (mRNA) bearing the AUG start codon with the unique initiator transfer RNA (tRNA) aminoacylated with methionine. Elongation governs the stepwise matching of the remaining aminoacyl-tRNAs (aa-tRNAs) in a codon specific manner. Termination defines the event in which the mRNA reveals a stop codon and leads to the release of the completed peptide chain. Of these three steps, elongation is the most predominant as it accounts for all but one of the amino acids in the completed polypeptide chain. Elongation itself is composed of multiple traditionally defined steps, each of which is facilitated by the highly conserved elongation factors, eEF1A and eEF2. eEF1A conducts delivery and binding of the aa-tRNA to the aminoacyl site (A site) of the ribosome, while eEF2 mediates translocation of the mRNA–tRNAs by precisely one codon (three nucleotides). Although the matching of aa-tRNAs to codons in the A site is dictated by the genetic code, the accuracy and speed of the elongation process is driven by the guanosine triphosphate-dependent factor binding and translocation steps, and the correct spatial organization of all the substrates dictated by the ribosome.
Classifier ensemble recommendation

The problem of training classifiers from limited data is one that particularly affects large-scale and social applications, and as a result, although carefully trained machine learning forms the backbone of many current techniques in research, it sees dramatically fewer applications for end-users. Recently we demonstrated a technique for selecting or recommending a single good classifier from a large library even with highly impoverished training data. We consider alternatives for extending our recommendation technique to sets of classifiers, including a modification to the AdaBoost algorithm that incorporates recommendation. Evaluating on an action recognition problem, we present two viable methods for extending model recommendation to sets.
Choledochal fungal ball. An unusual cause of biliary obstruction.

A 31-year-old patient with sickle-cell disease who had previous cholecystectomy developed acute onset of jaundice and abdominal pain. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiography demonstrated multiple filling defects within the bile ducts. Microscopic examination of “calculi” removed at surgery revealed that a fungal ball composed ofCandida was the cause of biliary obstruction in this case. The patient eventually recovered after removal of the fungal masses and intrabiliary instillation of amphotericin.
Beyond Severity: A New View Of Crimmigration

While the Trump Administration’s harsh crackdown on immigrants builds on an enforcement infrastructure inherited from previous administrations, this Article cautions against characterizing it as merely an escalation of “crimmigration”—the merging of criminal and immigration law evident in recent decades. I argue instead that key contrasts between current policies and the previous era provide an opportunity to understand the crimmigration era in a whole new way. Crimmigration scholars have thoroughly explored the increasingly harsh nature of immigration enforcement as it has developed over the past few decades. However, crimmigration scholarship, framed exclusively as a critique of severity, has neglected to account for significant aspects of the (pre-Trump) crimmigration era that fell outside the severity paradigm. In particular, crimmigration scholars have largely overlooked the advent of new visas and forms of discretionary relief that Congress created between 1990 and 2000 for noncitizens who are victims of domestic violence, trafficking, and other crimes. While both increased enforcement and crime-based relief have been the subject of significant analysis, this Article is the first to bridge the two subjects, proposing a new way to understand the relationship between these two key aspects of immigration law as it has developed since the 1980s: the “bad news” narrative of ramped-up enforcement and the “good news” narrative of expanded relief. Utilizing frameworks drawn from both feminist theory and criminology, this Article argues that the expansion of relief was never the counterweight to crimmigration’s harsh enforcement policies that it may have seemed but rather an integral component of crimmigration itself, and that crimmigration is best understood not simply as a transition to severity but as a complex phenomenon that produced new categories of favored immigrants at the same time that it expanded the categories of immigrants subject to detention, deportation, and other sanctions. This insight necessitates a new understanding not only of crimmigration but of the advocacy strategies that have taken place in its shadow.
Las políticas de evaluación educativa en América Latina y el valor social de la educación

El reconocimiento por parte de la sociedad del valor social de la educacion (VSE) ha implicado una demanda por una mayor transparencia de los resultados escolares.Desde hace mas de 20 anos, la implementacion y expansion de dispositivos de evaluacion de aprendizajes en America Latina ha proliferado como parte de las politicas educativas mas destacadas para dar respuesta a esta demanda de transparencia y a la necesidad de encontrar factores que expliquen dichos resultados educativos. La expansion de los contenidos y habilidades evaluadas, asi como la poblacion a la que se ha buscado evaluar respecto de los alcances de la evaluacion en sus comienzos, la adhesion a evaluaciones internacionales y la creacion de institutos de evaluacion autonomos pueden entenderse dentro de este proceso.
Exercise (Athletic Animals)

Overview • Aerobic training increases V ˙ O 2 ( max ) , muscle perfusion, mitochondrial number, oxidative capacity, and insulin sensitivity following exercise.
No country, no cry: Literature of women’s displacement and the reading of pity

This article discusses how works of popular fiction cultivate affective attachments to unstable distinctions between citizens and migrants, “refugees” and “economic migrants”, or “legal” and “irreg...
Clutter Identification based on sparse recovery with dynamically changing dictionary sizes for cognitive radar

Existing radar algorithms assume stationary statistical characteristics for environment/clutter. In practical scenarios, the statistical characteristics of the clutter can dynamically change depending on where the radar is operating. Non-stationarity in the statistical characteristics of the clutter may negatively affect the radar performance. Cognitive radar that can sense the changes in the clutter statistics, learn the new statistical characteristics, and adapt to these changes has been proposed to overcome these shortcomings. We have recently developed techniques for detection of statistical changes and learning the new clutter distribution for cognitive radar. In this work, we will extend the learning component. More specifically, in our previous work, we have developed a sparse recovery based clutter distribution identification to learn the distribution of the new clutter characteristics after the detected change in the statistics of the clutter. In our method, we have built a dictionary of clutter distributions and used this dictionary in orthogonal matching pursuit to perform sparse recovery of the clutter distribution assuming that the dictionary includes the new distribution. In this work, we propose a hypothesis testing based approach to detect whether the new distribution of the clutter is included in the dictionary or not, and suggest a method to dynamically update the dictionary. We envision that the successful outcomes of this work will be of high relevance to the adaptive learning and cognitive augmentation of the radar systems that are used in remotely piloted vehicles for surveillance and reconnaissance operations.
Upregulation of ATG7 attenuates motor neuron dysfunction associated with depletion of TARDBP/TDP-43

A shared neuropathological hallmark in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is nuclear clearance and cytoplasmic aggregation of TARDBP/TDP-43 (TAR DNA binding prote...
NOISE REDUCTION TECHNIQUES AS THEY APPLY TO ENGINE- GENERATOR DESIGN AND TREATMENT

Small engines may require soundproofing to eliminate one or more of the following effects: hearing loss, speech interference, community annoyance, detectability, and psychological disorientation. Detectability criteria are frequently associated with military applications and may require the use of a soundproof enclosure in addition to other engine treatments. Acoustical noise sources are conveniently classed as either aerodynamic or mechanical. Aerodynamic sources are predominant on small engines. Treatment of exhaust noise by individual components, e.g., a muffler, is inadequate; a system approach, through the use of an electro-acoustic analog computer, has proved to be a much more satisfactory procedure. To develop a soundproof enclosure for a 0.3 kw military engine-generator set, several control techniques were required; (1) the enclosure had to be decoupled from the engine, (2) the panel structures had to have a high transmission loss (achieved through the careful selection of damping material) and (3) cooling air inlet ducts and exhaust gas outlet ducts had to be properly treated to minimize noise conduction. The degree of noise reduction attainable was limited by specifications for size, weight, engine cooling at high ambient temperatures, and engine accessibility for starting and fueling. /AUTHOR
Entrepreneurial entrepreneurship youth education: initiating grounded theory

We seek to fill a gap in the understanding of pre-entrepreneurial education. We use a field study to flesh out initial prescriptions on how to build successful high school entrepreneurship education programs. We draw from the applicable studies and related theoretical frameworks to highlight drivers of success. We conclude that the kind of heterogeneity in embodied in the ‘pre-entrepreneur’ high school students needs to be addressed better in our educational systems and our other societal support systems, that our educational systems need to recognize that people not only ‘think differently’ as entrepreneurs but also at different points in their lives, and that points to a need for innovation in business schools, especially in entrepreneurship education, to leverage what potential that the new high school models build. Thus, we propose that programs that leverage identifiable and meaningful heterogeneity in their students, expectations, and communities will experience greater success across many measures of value creation.
Pulse Position Coded Medium Access in energy-starved networks

Abstract This paper presents a novel pulse position-coded PDU (PPCP) paradigm for multi-access wireless sensor nodes and IoT networks with thin energy budgets. The core idea is to encode a protocol data unit (PDU) in terms of the silence duration between two sets of delimiter pulses, whose positions are modulated based on the value of the PDU. This PPCP architecture achieves significant energy savings by using a lesser amount of bit/pulse transmissions, and by eliminating long multi-bit preambles and headers, which are normally used in traditional packets. The proposed multi-access pulse-based PDU scheme enables medium sharing among many sensor nodes without requiring per-PDU frame synchronization. Unlike previous Communication through Silence (CtS) literature, a full architecture design and prototype hardware platform of PPCP is presented here to demonstrate its advantages in terms of energy savings, reduced transmission delays, and ease of implementation. The advantages of PPCP compared to state-of-the-art Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and legacy binary packets are also shown. The prototype implementation shows reliable error detection based on a novel mechanism that relies on the inherent pulse-position modulation-based coding technique.
Health Care Disparities in Race-Ethnic Minority Communities and Populations: Does the Availability of Health Care Providers Play a Role?

To examine disparities in use and access to different health care providers by community and individual race-ethnicity and to test provider supply as a potential mediator. National secondary data from 2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 5-year estimates (2010–2014) from American Community Survey, and 2014 InfoUSA. Multiple logistic regression models examined the association of community and individual race-ethnicity with reported health care visits and access. Mediation analyses tested the role of provider supply. Individual-level survey data were linked to race-ethnic composition and health business counts of the respondent’s primary care service area (PCSA). Minority PCSAs are significantly and independently associated with lower odds of having a visit to a physician assistant/nurse practitioner, dentist, or other health professionals and having a usual care provider (all p < 0.05). Few significant associations were observed for integrated PCSAs or for health provider supply. A modest mediation effect for provider supply was observed for travel time to usual care provider and visit to other health professionals. Use of a range of health services is lower in minority communities and individuals. However, provider supply was not an important explanatory factor of these disparities.
Perspectives on intrinsic toughening strategies and passivation of perovskite films with organic additives

Abstract We report on the inclusion of 5-aminovaleric acid (5-AVA)—a bulky, long-chained organic molecule—as an additive to enhance the mechanical integrity of hybrid perovskite films. We studied a range of organic cation additives and found that 5-AVA was the most effective at improving cohesion energy, a key metric of mechanical reliability. MAPbI3 films reinforced with 5-AVA added in 5% concentration increased cohesion energy 12-fold from 0.53 J/m2 to 6.04 J/m2, an effect which is attributed to increased plasticity and crack deflection around grain boundaries of the additive-containing perovskite. The addition of 5-AVA also improves Voc in perovskite solar cells and carrier lifetimes with a minimal decrease in PCE, attributed to passivation reducing defect and trap densities. A Tauc plot analysis of the bandgap shows that 5-AVA increases the band gap of the perovskite, correlating with reduced film stress compared to MAPbI3. As a result, the usage of 5-AVA improves the intrinsic thermomechanical reliability, but this improvement comes at the penalty of slightly reduced device efficiency due to reduced charge extraction from the presence of the bulky, insulating organic additive.
Dosimetry for Optimized, Personalized Radiopharmaceutical Therapy.

Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) has grown rapidly over the last decade for treatment of numerous cancer types. Dosimetric guidance, as with other radiotherapy modalities, has benefitted patients by reducing the incidence of side effects and improving overall survival in populations treated under this paradigm. Development of tools and techniques for dosimetry-guided therapy is ongoing, with numerous the Food and Drug Administration-cleared products reaching the U.S. market in 2019. Safe use of commercial dosimetry platforms requires a deep understanding of the underlying physical principles and thoroughly vetted input data. Likewise, interpretation of dosimetry results relies on an understanding of radiobiological principles, and the principles of uncertainty propagation. In this article, we review strategies commonly employed for dosimetry-guided RPT – including quantitative imaging, dose calculation methods, and modeling of dose across time-points. Additionally, we review recent literature evidence (2013-2020) demonstrating the efficacy of personalized RPT.
Women’s Health Care

Unique issues arise in women’s health care before, during, and after hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). Women can face both short- and long-term consequences of treatment including ovarian insufficiency, infertility, higher risk of HPV-mediated dysplasia, genital tract graft versus host disease (GvHD), and changes to sexual function and well-being. This chapter provides an overview of the evaluation and management strategies for women’s health care issues in the female HCT recipient.
Identifying optimal parameters for infrared neural stimulation in the peripheral nervous system

Significance: Infrared neural stimulation (INS) utilizes pulsed infrared light to selectively elicit neural activity without exogenous compounds. Despite its versatility in a broad range of biomedical applications, no comprehensive comparison of factors pertaining to the efficacy and safety of INS such as wavelength, radiant exposure, and optical spot size exists in the literature. Aim: Here, we evaluate these parameters using three of the wavelengths commonly used for INS, 1450 nm, 1875 nm, and 2120 nm. Approach: In an in vivo rat sciatic nerve preparation, the stimulation threshold and transition rate to 100% activation probability were used to compare the effects of each parameter. Results: The pulsed diode lasers at 1450 nm and 1875 nm had a consistently higher (∼1.0 J / cm2) stimulation threshold than that of the Ho:YAG laser at 2120 nm (∼0.7 J / cm2). In addition, the Ho:YAG produced a faster transition rate to 100% activation probability compared to the diode lasers. Our data suggest that the superior performance of the Ho:YAG is a result of the high-intensity microsecond spike at the onset of the pulse. Acute histological evaluation of diode irradiated nerves revealed a safe range of radiant exposures for stimulation. Conclusion: Together, our results identify measures to improve the safety, efficacy, and accessibility of INS technology for research and clinical applications.
4 Artificial Organisms

The advances to date in synthetic biology have occurred through a series of incremental steps. Before attempting to create an entire organism from scratch, synthetic biologists worked on developing strings of useful gene sequences. A stepping stone to a wholly synthetic microbe is a microbe that contains extensive sections of DNA that are built to spec in the lab. If you are doing it right, these sections then can be inserted into a host organism to perform a valuable function. The most notable example of this so far has been the engineering of a biological system that can produce an essential precursor of the antimalarial drug artemisinin.
Microaggressions in Social Work Classrooms: Recognition and Responses of BSW Bystanders.

The social work profession is grounded in social justice, and yet, social work education can perpetuate dynamics of oppression and privilege present in the larger society. As a result, students may...
Strategy Use in Automation-Aided Decision Making

When human operators make signal detection judgments with assistance from an automated decision aid, they perform better than they could unaided but fail to reach optimal sensitivity. We investigat...
Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Stroke and the Test of Time

The use of t-PA for acute stroke was proven safe and effective in 1995, approved by FDA in 1996, and endorsed by the American Heart Association, American Academy of Neurology, and National Stroke Association in 1997. t-PA for stroke therapy is cost effective, despite the high cost of the drug itself and the stroke teams to give it. Community-based practicing neurologists can use t-PA for acute stroke and obtain the same good results seen in the original research study. The benefit is durable, as shown by long-term follow up of the original patients. There are no particular subgroups from whom t-PA should be withheld, such as the elderly or those with very large strokes. Several additional studies have now confirmed the beneficial effects of thrombolytic therapy for stroke in de novo samples. There remain, interestingly, a few self-appointed “expert critics” who are unabashedly anti-intellectual in their opposition to this therapy. Estimated conservatively, about 476,250 Americans remain disabled today due to these publications and opinions, costing the US over $43 billion dollars, unadjusted for inflation since 1996. In 2012 the major Emergency Medicine Societies universally adopted full and unqualified endorsement for thrombolytic therapy for acute stroke.
Discovery of direct inhibitors of Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction as potential therapeutic and preventive agents.

The Keap1–Nrf2–ARE pathway is an important antioxidant defense mechanism that protects cells from oxidative stress and the Keap1–Nrf2 protein–protein interaction (PPI) has become an important drug target to upregulate the expression of ARE-controlled cytoprotective oxidative stress response enzymes in the development of therapeutic and preventive agents for a number of diseases and conditions. However, most known Nrf2 activators/ARE inducers are indirect inhibitors of Keap1–Nrf2 PPI and they are electrophilic species that act by modifying the sulfhydryl groups of Keap1׳s cysteine residues. The electrophilicity of these indirect inhibitors may cause "off-target" side effects by reacting with cysteine residues of other important cellular proteins. Efforts have recently been focused on the development of direct inhibitors of Keap1–Nrf2 PPI. This article reviews these recent research efforts including the development of high throughput screening assays, the discovery of peptide and small molecule direct inhibitors, and the biophysical characterization of the binding of these inhibitors to the target Keap1 Kelch domain protein. These non-covalent direct inhibitors of Keap1–Nrf2 PPI could potentially be developed into effective therapeutic or preventive agents for a variety of diseases and conditions.
Cyclic Di-GMP: Using the Past To Peer into the Future

Just over 20 years have elapsed since cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) was discovered as an allosteric effector of cellulose biosynthesis. This chapter dispels myths concerning current paradigms and highlight key questions currently under investigation. Bioinformatics, and the prevalence of this molecule, provided the necessary boost to lift the study of c-di-GMP from a single laboratory to a community of researchers. Most often, these dual-domain proteins possess one highly conserved domain and one poorly conserved domain and exhibit a single activity: the one from the more well conserved domain. In some cases, enzymatically inactive domains can bind the substrate: GTP by the inactive GGDEF domain for phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and c-di-GMP by the inactive EAL domain for diguanylate cyclases (DGCs). To regulate cellular processes, c-di-GMP must be sensed. Thus, effectors must exist that bind c-di-GMP and, in response, impact some downstream target. It is widely accepted that biofilm formation is a major virulence factor for many pathogenic bacteria. Importantly, biofilm cells exhibit significantly increased resistance to antibiotics and other stresses. Beyond controlling bacterial infections, c-di-GMP may also be useful for stimulating the immune system. In most cases, the REC domain within the response regulator is linked to an effector domain. In the majority of these cases, this effector domain functions in the binding of the response regulator to DNA.
Methamphetamine blocks exercise effects on Bdnf and Drd2 gene expression in frontal cortex and striatum

Exposure to drugs of abuse can produce many neurobiological changes which may lead to increased valuation of rewards and decreased sensitivity to their costs. Many of these behavioral alterations are associated with activity of D2-expressing medium spiny neurons in the striatum. Additionally, Bdnf in the striatum has been shown to play a role in flexible reward-seeking behavior. Given that voluntary aerobic exercise can affect the expression of these proteins in healthy subjects, and that exercise has shown promise as an anti-addictive therapy, we set out to quantify changes in D2 and Bdnf expression in methamphetamine-exposed rats given access to running wheels. Sixty-four rats were treated for two weeks with an escalating dose of methamphetamine or saline, then either sacrificed, housed in standard cages, or given free access to a running wheel for 6 weeks prior to sacrifice. Rats treated with methamphetamine ran significantly greater distances than saline-treated rats, suggesting an augmentation in the reinforcement value of voluntary wheel running. Transcription of Drd2 and Bdnf was assessed via RT-qPCR. Protein expression levels of D2 and phosphorylation of the TrkB receptor were measured via western blot. Drd2 and Bdnf mRNA levels were impacted independently by exercise and methamphetamine, but exposure to methamphetamine prior to the initiation of exercise blocked the exercise-induced changes seen in rats treated with saline. Expression levels of both proteins were elevated immediately after methamphetamine, but returned to baseline after six weeks, regardless of exercise status.
Combustion Synthesis of Transition Metal Nitrides

The solid-state synthesis of refractory compounds, such as transition metal carbides, borides and nitrides etc., usually requires high temperature furnaces and long reaction times. More innovative methods for the formation of refractory powders include the gaseous reaction of metal and non-metal ions in high temperature environments. Disadvantages of the former method are impure products and inefficient operation, while the latter method deals with complex reactions and expensive equipment.
Capillary Tube Immunological Assay for Staphylococcal Enterotoxins

A simple assay is reported in which 1 mug of staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, and D per ml was detected in less than 1 hr. Interfacial reaction of antisera and enterotoxin solutions in a 1-ml internal diameter capillary tube allowed rapid detection of sera type.
Releitura das linhas de força moderna e modernista na poesia lírica pós-moderna de Adília Lopes

Este artigo pretende fazer uma breve reflexao em torno das linhas de forcas surgidas na modernidade que se intensificaram na pos-modernidade. Nocoes de parodia, ironia, analogia e autoria sao revistas e ressiginificadas na pos-modernidade atraves do pastiche. Em nossa reflexao, demonstraremos essas reelaboracoes a partir da leitura de alguns poemas de Adilia Lopes. Palavras-chave: Moderno; Pos-moderno; Adilia Lopes Abstract: This article pretends to make a brief reflection about some lines and problems born at the modernity that intensified at the post-modern. Notions of parody, irony, analogy and authority are review and resignified in the post-modern through pastiche. In our reflection, we are going to demonstrate that from the reading of some poems by Adilia Lopes. Key-words: Modern; Post-modern; Adilia Lopes
Efficacy of a Programmed Calculator for Constant-Infusion Medication Calculations

A program for calculation of constant-infusion vasoactive medications on a hand-held programmable calculator was evaluated in terms of accuracy and time saved v conventional means of calculation. All groups, with the exception of the pharmacists, showed a statistically significant improvement in accuracy and time saved when using the programmable calculator. These results indicate that use of the programmable calculator may significantly save time and reduce errors on dose calculation of potentially dangerous drugs in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units.
Applications of gui usage analysis

In the realm of computer security, a masquerade attack is a form of attack wherein the attacker deceives the victim, causing them to believe they are someone other than who they are. One particularly dangerous form of masquerade attack occurs when an attacker begins using an unattended and unlocked computer workstation. This form of masquerade attack is particularly troubling because it requires no technical expertise to perform. Though proper adherence to organizational security policies can mitigate this risk, new technologies are needed to completely defend against this type of attack. This dissertation presents the results of a study into the potential suitability of GUI Usage Analysis as an authentication mechanism which can be used as a defense against masquerade attacks. Previous attempts at authenticating the current user of a computer system have focused on typing patterns and mouse movements. GUI Usage Analysis does not focus on the user‘s physical interaction with the computer system, but instead on how the user manipulates the windows, icons, menus, and pointers that comprise a graphical user interface. Results are presented showing the feasibility of employing GUI Usage Analysis as a means of authenticating the user of a computer system. Furthermore, results are also presented demonstrating the effectiveness of using GUI Usage Analysis as a means of identification with the goal of identifying a potential attacker. Finally, the results obtained here are compared to other previously published masquerade detection techniques.
Cme Associated with Transequatorial Loops and a Bald Patch Flare

We study a flare which occurred on 3 November 1997 at 10:31 UT in the vicinity of a parasitic polarity of AR 8100. Using SOHO/EIT 195 A observations, we identify the brightening of thin transequatorial loops connecting AR 8100 and AR 8102, and dimmings located between the two active regions. Difference images highlight the presence of a loop-like structure rooted near the flare location usually called an EIT wave. The corona] magnetic field derived from potential extrapolations from a SOHO/MDI magnetogram shows that the topology is complex near the parasitic polarity. There, a ‘bald patch’ (defined as the locations where the magnetic field is tangent to the photosphere) is present. We conclude that the flare was a ‘bald patch flare’. Moreover, the extrapolation confirms that there is a large coronal volume filled with transequatorial field lines interconnecting AR 8100 and AR 8102, and overlaying the bald patch.
Prophet of regeneration: On two fascist readings of Knut Hamsun

It was an old-new, revolutionarily atavistic world, in which values linked to the idea of the individual (such as, let us say, truth, freedom, justice, reason) were sapped of every strength and cast aside ... not in some reactionary way that looked back to yesterday or the day before, but in a way that was tantamount to humanity’s being transferred, along with all these new ideas, back into the theocratic situations and conditions of the Middle Ages. That was no more reactionary than the path around a sphere – which, of course, leads around or back around it – can be termed regressive. There you had it: regress and progress, the old and the new, past and present – all became one, and the political right coalesced more and more with the left. – Thomas Mann, Doctor Faustus, 387-388
Laboratory and field-based temperature-dependent development of a monophagous weevil: Implications for integrated weed management

Abstract The stem-boring weevil, Rhinoncomimus latipes Korotyaev (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was imported from Asia to North America and approved for release as a classical biological control agent for the invasive annual vine Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross (Polygonaceae) in 2004. Its impact on the weed has been somewhat variable, depending in part on environmental conditions. We reared R. latipes in environmental chambers at different temperatures to determine the lower developmental threshold and number of degree days required for development. Results, along with known R. latipes reproductive parameters, were used to develop a simple population model, and compared to field data from sites that had been intensively monitored from 2008 to 2010. The lower developmental threshold was estimated at 10.2 °C. On average, 358 degree days (°C) were required for development from egg to adult, with an additional 139 degree days needed for the preoviposition period. Field sites had relatively high P. perfoliata cover and low R. latipes densities in 2009 compared to either 2008 or 2010. Based on degree-day accumulations for these three years, the population model estimated that fewer than half the number of weevils would have been produced by the end of the season in 2009 as in 2008, and only about a quarter as many as in 2010. Substantially higher rainfall during April–June 2009 compared to 2008 and 2010 probably also helped promote more abundant P. perfoliata cover in 2009.
Vampires, Werewolves, and Oppression: Twilight and Female Gender Stereotypes

This paper rhetorically analyzes the issue of femininity in the four books of Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight series. It argues that the image of women—particularly in the context of relationships— presented in the series is oppressive to women because it shows domestic violence by their male partners as acceptable, portrays its female protagonist in a stereotypical manner, and endorses unequal relationships in which the woman is at a disadvantage. These findings are troubling because of the series’ immense popularity and the ways in which media representations of women can affect young women’s conceptions of acceptable female roles.
Pattern avoidance for alternating permutations and Young tableaux

We define a class L"n","k of permutations that generalizes alternating (up-down) permutations and give bijective proofs of certain pattern-avoidance results for this class. As a special case of our results, we give bijections between the set A"2"n(1234) of alternating permutations of length 2n with no four-term increasing subsequence and standard Young tableaux of shape , and between the set A"2"n"+"1(1234) and standard Young tableaux of shape . This represents the first enumeration of alternating permutations avoiding a pattern of length four. We also extend previous work on doubly-alternating permutations (alternating permutations whose inverses are alternating) to our more general context. The set L"n","k may be viewed as the set of reading words of the standard Young tableaux of a certain skew shape. In the last section of the paper, we expand our study to consider pattern avoidance in the reading words of standard Young tableaux of any skew shape. We show bijectively that the number of standard Young tableaux of shape @l/@m whose reading words avoid 213 is a natural @m-analogue of the Catalan numbers (and in particular does not depend on @l, up to a simple technical condition), and that there are similar results for the patterns 132, 231 and 312.
Abstract P122: An Interactive Intervention to Increase Stroke Knowledge: Results of the SWIFT Study

Introduction: The majority of acute stroke patients do not seek care within the optimal 3 hour time frame. General informational strategies have not increased stroke preparedness, possibly due to a lack of attention to health literacy or cultural tailoring. Several interventions have successfully increased stroke knowledge yet there remains skepticism that knowledge alone can lead to behavior change. The Stroke Warning Information and Faster Treatment (SWIFT) trial is the first intervention to rigorously test whether an interactive educational intervention (II; 2 in-hospital educational sessions and health literate, culturally tailored materials), compared to an enhanced educational intervention (EE; only educational materials) can increase arrival times for stroke/TIA recurrence to the emergency department (ED) in 1193 participants. Aims: SWIFT found large, non-differential increases in the proportion of participants arriving to the ED within 3 hours in both the II and EE group. Here we assess the effect...
Toxicity of targeted therapeutic agents in lymphoma and management: part 1: monoclonal antibodies and radioimmunotherapy

SUMMARY This two-part review strives to comprehensively characterize common toxicities associated with targeted therapies in lymphoma and their management. Current targeted therapies for lymphoma include monoclonal antibodies, radioimmunotherapy and histone deacteylase inhibitors. New drugs that are expected to significantly alter the therapeutic landscape include PI3K, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase and BCL2 inhibitors. This manuscript focuses on the toxicities and associated management recommendations of monoclonal antibodies and radioimmunotherapy. In the second part of this review, we will focus on the toxicities and management pertaining to targeted therapeutic agents including histone deacteylase, PI3K/AKT and Bruton’s tyrosine kinase and BCL2 inhibitors.
Mapping an invasive species, kudzu (Pueraria montana), using hyperspectral imagery in western Georgia

Invasive plant species are causing severe environmental and ecological impacts. This study utilized airborne hyperspectral image data and digital image processing techniques to map one of the most aggressive weeds, kudzu (Pueraria montana), in western Georgia. Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) transform followed by Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) produced the best map results among several other procedures. Validation with field data show that this procedure delivered user's accuracy of 83.02% for kudzu-invaded plots and 95.90% for non-invaded plots, with Producer's accuracy of 73.26% and 82.47%, respectively. Further analysis using a GIS-based CART analysis indicates the importance of elevation in limiting the spatial distribution of kudzu.
Orienting and defense responses to punishment: effects on learning.

Abstract Two groups of students attempted to learn sequences of letter-number pairs. For both groups, a tone signalled each error. However, for aversive punishment subjects, a mildly painful electric shock followed the tone 20% of the time, whereas the informational punishment subjects received only the tone. Skin conductance responses (SCRs) and cardiac interbeat intervals indicated the presence of an orienting response to the tone in informational punishment subjects and a defense response to the tone in aversive punishment subjects. Accompanying these were significant differences in behavior: aversive punishment subjects completed fewer sequences and had higher error rates. The two groups did not differ in measures of tonic arousal. Session trends suggested that the cardiac orienting response developed in both groups as subjects learned to use the information in the punishment contingency. Defense responses to aversive punishers may compete with orienting responses necessary to the efficient learning of complex tasks.