cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Binding of amyloid β peptide to β2 adrenergic receptor induces PKA-dependent AMPA receptor hyperactivity

Progressive decrease in neuronal function is an established feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previous studies have shown that amyloid β (Aβ) peptide induces acute increase in spontaneous synaptic activity accompanied by neurotoxicity, and Aβ induces excitotoxic neuronal death by increasing calcium influx mediated by hyperactive α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors. An in vivo study has revealed subpopulations of hyperactive neurons near Aβ plaques in mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP)-transgenic animal model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that can be normalized by an AMPA receptor antagonist. In the present study, we aim to determine whether soluble Aβ acutely induces hyperactivity of AMPA receptors by a mechanism involving β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR). We found that the soluble Aβ binds to β2AR, and the extracellular N terminus of β2AR is critical for the binding. The binding is required to induce G-protein/cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, which controls PKA-depe...
MICROSCOPIC DERIVATION OF A TRANSPORT EQUATION FOR THE ACOUSTIC POLARON

Starting with the Kubo formula, a transport equation for the acoustic polaron is derived. The collision integral in the transport equation contains not only irreducible vertex parts, but also “products” of them. These are products of irreducible verteces connected by non-singular parts of Green's functions. They are important when one considers the second or higher order perturbations, as in the case of an acoustic polaron at very low temperatures. Ausgehend von der Kubo-Formel wird eine Transportgleichung fur das akustische Polaron abgeleitet. Das Stosintegral in den Transportgleichungen enthalt nicht nur irreduzible Vertexanteile sondern auch Produkte von ihnen. Diese sind Produkte von irreduziblen Vertizes, die durch nichtsingulare Anteile von Greenschen Funktionen verbunden sind. Sie sind wesentlich, wenn man die Storungen zweiter und hoherer Ordnung berucksichtigt, wie im Falle eines akustischen Polarons bei sehr niedrigen Temperaturen.
Immunohistochemical detection of p16INK4a in dysplastic lesions of the oral cavity

Significant intra- and interobserver variability exists in diagnosing and grading oral epithelial dysplasia. Mutations in the tumor-suppressor gene p16 are common in oral cavity dysplastic lesions, but whether immunohistochemical detection of the gene product p16(INK4a) (p16) can be used as a reliable biomarker for dysplasia is unclear. In total, 119 biopsy specimens representing various oral cavity sites and degrees of dysplasia were retrieved from the pathology files of Emory University Hospital. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and with a monoclonal antibody to p16 (LabVision Corporation, Clone JC2). A blinded review of the H&E slides and the pattern and degree of p16 expression was independently performed by two pathologists. A consensus was obtained when diagnoses differed. Morphologic diagnoses were then compared to p16 immunohistochemical expression. Overall, 61/119 (51%) cases showed no p16 immunoreactivity, including 12/33 (36%) cases of no dysplasia, 11/28 (39%) cases of mild dysplasia, and 38/58 (66%) cases of moderate/severe dysplasia. The remaining cases showed p16 expression limited to the basal and suprabasal nuclei and generally confined to the lower one-third of the epithelium. A logistic regression model showed a trend toward absent p16 expression with increasing severity of dysplasia (P=0.006). Decreased expression of p16 in dysplastic lesions, as found in this study, may reflect the biologic events involving loss of p16 gene function in the pathogenesis of oral cancer. Our findings suggest that p16 immunohistochemistry is not helpful in differentiating dysplastic from nondysplastic mucosa in oral cavity biopsies, and thus is not a reliable biomarker for use in routine clinical practice.
Locating user functionality in old code

It is pointed out that software maintainers often have to recover requirements traceability in old code. In other words, they need to determine in which parts of the program the functionality X is implemented. The authors propose a methodology for answering this question based on the use of carefully designed test cases as probes into the code. While the methodology is not applicable to all kinds of requirements and may not find all relevant code components, it should often provide a maintainer with good starting points for studying a large and poorly documented system. Two formulations of the methodology are suggested, and some encouraging experimental results are presented from a case study of a typical old program. >
CANOPY NODULATION OF THE ENDEMIC TREE LEGUME ACACIA KOA IN THE MESIC FORESTS OF HAWAII

Canopy nodulation of Acacia koa (koa) is the result of a unique symbiosis between the host adventitious root system and the bradyrhizobia residing in “pockets” within the canopy of koa. These canopy pockets contain trapped organic soils that are mainly derived from decomposing heartwood and phyllode litter of the host tree. These canopy soils have significantly higher levels of exchangeable cations, total nitrogen content, and significantly lower aluminum levels than the terrestrial soils. Canopy Bradyrhizobium isolates from separate koa trees of different locations do not share matching box-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprints, showing that there is no single type that is specific to canopy nodulation. Within the canopy pocket of a single tree, however, we observed a homogenous Bradyrhizobium population that was distinct from the proximal terrestrial population. Canopy nodulation has only been observed on mature koa trees and may function in maintaining symbiosis under stresses occurring within the rhizosphere of the terrestrial environment.
A Final Review of the Performance of the CDF Run II Data Acquisition System

The CDF Collider Detector at Fermilab ceased data collection on September 30, 2011 after over twenty-five years of operation. We review the performance of the CDF Run II data acquisition systems over the last ten of these years while recording nearly 10 inverse femtobarns of proton-antiproton collisions with a high degree of efficiency - exceeding 83%. Technology choices in the online control and configuration systems and front-end embedded processing have impacted the efficiency and quality of the data accumulated by CDF, and have had to perform over a large range of instantaneous luminosity values and trigger rates. We identify significant sources of problems and successes. In particular, we present our experience computing and acquiring data in a radiation environment, and attempt to correlate system technical faults with radiation dose rate and technology choices.
Robust hybrid architecture to signals from manufacturing and machine monitoring sensors

The design and implementation of effective control of manufacturing processes depends on the successful monitoring and recognition of process signals. In this paper, we describe an application of robust hybrid model to the prediction of plasma etcher outcome; etcher rate, selectivity, and uniformity. The robust hybrid model consists of two main architectures: robust model and recurrent neural network with real-time recurrent learning. The residual errors are used for the tuning of the weights of the recurrent neural network. The robust hybrid model's performance is compared to Ordinary Least-Square method, Alpha-trimmed mean, and Back-Propagation neural network.
Spillover to Triadic and Dyadic Systems in Families With Young Children

Research has evidenced support for the spillover model, which asserts that parents' marital functioning influences their parenting and coparenting behavior in dyadic (mother-child and father-child) and triadic (mother-father-child) family contexts. However, few studies have simultaneously investigated the spillover model in both parenting and coparenting systems, preventing examination of whether spillover impacts both systems equally or differentially. Further, little research has examined whether quality of the marital system influences children's behavior toward their parents, as well as their parents' behavior, in dyadic interactions. We examined the spillover model using observational measures of parent and child behavior in parent-child dyadic interactions as well as coparenting in triadic interactions. We also explored parent and child gender differences in spillover effects. Participants were families with children aged 3 to 6 years (n = 149). Findings indicated that spillover occurs to multiple family systems, but the effects varied according to whose behavior (mother, father, child) was explored. In families of boys and girls, the marital system influenced warmth in triadic interactions, as well as fathers' responsiveness and children's responsiveness to mothers in dyadic interactions. Spillover effects were largely equivalent for girls and boys, but spillover to coparenting hostility in triadic interactions was limited to families raising girls. Parent gender also moderated associations between marital functioning and parent-child interactions: Spillover was significantly stronger for fathers' responsiveness (vs. mothers' responsiveness) and child responsiveness to mothers (vs. child responsiveness to fathers).
Signal Design for Radar Imaging in Radar Astronomy: Genetic Optimization

Radar imaging is an advanced remote sensing technique that maps the reflectivity of distant objects by transmitting modulated signals at radio frequencies and processing the detected echoes. By proper waveform selection, it is currently possible to image the surface of planets or asteroids from Earth with a relatively high degree of resolution, despite the astronomical distances to these objects. Waveforms that are used for radar astronomy are characterized by a large spectral bandwidth and long time duration, which can be obtained by phase modulating a long pulse train. An example of phase modulation is binary phase coding in which each pulse of the train is randomly assigned a phaseof 0 or π. The corresponding echo pulses are correlated with the sequence of transmitted pulses to resolve the main features of an object. The correlation of long binary sequences can yield high resolution with significant clutter suppression. However, this process requires the selection of an optimum binary phase code among a significant number of possibilities. For a given code of length N, where N is the number of code elements, the population size is 2 N . Certain members of this population will exhibit good qualities for imaging, while others may behave poorly. In this chapter, we discuss the principles of radar imaging and the implementation of a genetic algorithm to find the “good” member codes from a population of codes of length N. This algorithm was successfully tested for binary phase codes of lengths N = 13 and 24 pulses. For the short length N = 13 case, in which an optimum code is known to exist, the rate of convergence to this optimum was poor relative to that of an exhaustive search. However, for the longer codes tested (N = 24), the genetic algorithm converged much faster than an exhaustive search for the large solution space.
Long-Distance Dispersal of the Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Facilitated Its Initial Invasion of Wisconsin

Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) spread is dominated by stratified dispersal, and, although spread rates are variable in space and time, the gypsy moth has invaded Wisconsin at a consistently higher rate than in other regions. Allee effects, which act on low-density populations ahead of the moving population that contribute to gypsy moth spread, have also been observed to be consistently weaker in Wisconsin. Because a major cause of an Allee effect in the gypsy moth is mate-finding failure at low densities, supplementing low-density populations with immigrants that arrive through dispersal may facilitate establishment and consequent spread. We used local indicator of spatial autocorrelation methods to examine space-time gypsy moth monitoring data from 1996 to 2006 and identify isolated, low-density colonies that arrived through dispersal. We measured the distance of these colonies from the moving population front to show that long-distance dispersal was markedly present in earlier years when Wisconsin was still mainly uninfested. Recently, however, immigrants arriving through long-distance dispersal may no longer be detected because instead of invading uninfested areas, they are now supplementing high-density colonies. In contrast, we observed no temporal pattern in the distance between low-density colonies and the population front in West Virginia and Virginia. We submit that long-distance dispersal, perhaps facilitated through meteorological mechanisms, played an important role in the spread dynamics of the initial Wisconsin gypsy moth invasion, but it currently plays a lesser role because the portion of Wisconsin most susceptible to long-distance immigrants from alternate sources is now heavily infested.
Satisfaction with ERP Systems in Supply Chain Operations

A key reason for implementing an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is the ability it provides an organization to synchronize and automate the flows of material, information and cash through the supply chain. Viewed from this perspective ERP systems can be seen as an enabling technology to achieve better supply chain integration, which should result in better decision making and improved financial performance. Yet much of the debate regarding the value of ERP systems focuses on their implementation costs and the corresponding difficulty measuring the benefits generated by these projects. The significant level of total global spending on ERP systems—estimated currently at $253.7 billion —provides the motivation behind this study. We seek to understand how effective these systems are in providing the information needed by decision makers in production and operations management roles. This is a necessary step in determining what benefits can be achieved by these systems. To do this we developed surveys through a compilation of several pilot interviews with plant managers and production supervisors in various industries. For both of these management roles, functional areas under their responsibility were identified and questions were formulated to assess: (1) the usefulness of various functionalities of the ERP system within the manager’s functional area and the manager’s opinion of the effectiveness of the ERP system in that area, and (2) the manager’s opinion of ERP performance in a functional area and his/her overall satisfaction with the ERP system. We used Partial Least Squares (PLS) methodology to analyze the responses from the survey. The results indicate that the majority of plant managers use ERP systems in manufacturing, cost control, inventory & logistics activities and in reporting, as if they were still using MRPII (Manufacturing Resource Planning) systems. They do not seem to be making use of the additional capabilities that ERP systems have over and above those found in MRP II systems. Production supervisors appear to be using ERP systems more evenly across their areas of responsibility. For production supervisors, as in the case of plant managers, reporting is the area where ERP performance has the highest impact on overall satisfaction of the user with the ERP system. Finally, the results indicate that there are several avenues for improvement in the way the current ERP systems support daily operations of these professionals, most notably in the area of analytics and providing better business intelligence.
Effects of Open Metal Site Availability on Adsorption Capacity and Olefin/Paraffin Selectivity in the Metal–Organic Framework Cu3(BTC)2

We report a detailed investigation of the factors influencing olefin/paraffin separation in the metal–organic framework (MOF) adsorbent Cu3(BTC)2 (BTC, benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate). The effects of synthesis and activation parameters on the availability of open Cu metal sites in the MOF were studied via measurements of crystallinity, textural properties, structural defects, and water desorption, as well as binary 1-hexene/hexane vapor breakthrough chracteristics. A reduced crystallization temperature and improved solvent exchange with methanol were found to lead to CuBTC adsorbents with higher olefin selectivity and capacity. In situ Fourier transform infrared and mass spectrometry measurements were used to quantify the structural defects and availability of open metal sites in the MOF as a function of the activation conditions. Based upon these measurements, we identify the relationships between the defects, activation conditions, open metal site availability, and consequent separation performance. Recom...
From Pipeline to Mainstream: Increasing the Number of Dental Students and Residents Pursuing Academic Careers.

The shortage of future academicians in dental education has been a persistent concern for decades. Back in 2002, Haden et al. discussed several means by which dental schools had tried to mitigate the flow of faculty out of academic institutions and into private practice by increasing faculty
Cellular immunity impaired among patients on left ventricular assist device for 6 months. Invited commentary.

Background. Sustained maintenance on left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is associated with an increased frequency of severe infections. Although temporary changes in cellular immunity are seen immediately after implantation, the consequence of sustained LVAD treatment on immunity is unknown. Methods. In vitro functional and phenotypic markers of T cell activation and 6 month clinical outcome were compared between patients with ≥6-month LVAD therapy and heart failure control patients. Results. Recipients of LVADs had more infections (45.5% versus 0%; p < 0.05) and mortality (54% versus 16%; p < 0.05) than control patients. T-cell proliferative responses were lower among LVAD recipients than control patients when challenged with phytohemagglutinin (3.4 ± 4.7 versus 28.5 ± 19.6; p < 0.01), anti-CD3 (4.3 ± 4.5 versus 16.4 ± 17; p < 0.01), and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (7.2 ± 6.3 versus 26.1 ± 15.6; p = 0.002). Proliferative hyporesponsiveness among LVAD recipients was not caused by apoptosis (2.6% ± 2.7% versus 2.7% ± 2.1%; p = 0.94) or insufficient CD4+ cells (42.1% ± 11.3% versus 40.2% ± 7.5%; p = 0.71) relative to control patients. Instead, CD3+ cells from LVAD patients expressed less interleukin 2 (2.5% ± 1.5% versus 5.2% ± 3.1%; p = 0.03) and tumor necrosis factor-a (6.0% ± 3.5% versus 25.8% ± 8.7%; p < 0.001) and more interleukin 10 (5.8% ± 6.1% versus 2.6% ± 2.1%; p < 0.05). In addition, suppressive T-regulatory cells were more prevalent in LVAD patients than control patients (12.9% ± 3.2% versus 1.2% ± 1.1%; p < 0.001). Conclusions. Cellular immunity is compromised among long-term LVAD recipients because of a downregulatory cytokine imbalance and emergence of suppressive T-regulatory cells.
Membrane fluidity and cellular functions.

An area of intense current interest in molecular and cell biology is the structure of biological membranes. A great change in our picture of membranes has occurred in the last few years, and there is now fairly widespread acceptance of a model for the organization of the lipids and proteins of membranes called the “fluid mosaic model” (Singer and Nicolson, 1972). In this model (Fig. 1) the proteins that are integral to the membrane (Singer, 1971) are proposed to be globular molecules which are partly embedded in the membrane lipid, and partly protrude from it. This partial embedding is determined thermodynamically by the amphipathic character of the integral protein molecule; its hydrophobic end is embedded in the hydrophobic membrane interior and its hydrophilic end protrudes into the aqueous phase. The lipid, arranged largely as a bilayer, forms the matrix of the membrane, and since at physiological temperatures the lipid of most functional membranes is largely fluid, the integral proteins are in principle free to move about laterally and rapidly in the plane of the membrane. There is now a very substantial body of evidence that is consistent with, and strongly supports, the fluid mosaic model. The discussion of this evidence could easily occupy my entire presentation, but I thought that in the context of this symposium it might be more useful to adopt the model as a working hypothesis of membrane structure and consider what it might imply about the mechanisms of a variety of important cellular functions and activities.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF RENIN SUPPRESSION BY ALPHA-METHYLDOPA

Recent observations from this laboratory made in human subjects on chronic methyldopa treatment indicate that this antihypertensive drug produces a decrease in plasma renin activity simultaneously with a reduction in mean arterial pressure (Mohammed et al., 1969). Methyldopa reduced plasma renin activity in both the supine and tilted positions in these subjects (Figure 1). This suppressive effect of methyldopa treatment on the renin-angiotensin system has subsequently been confirmed in a child with Bartter’s syndrome who had markedly elevated plasma renin activity (Strauss et al., 1970). This effect of methyldopa is contrary to that observed with other antihypertensive agents. For example, hydralazine (Ueda et al., 1968) diazoxide (Kuchel et al., 1967) and reserpine (Ayers et al., 1968) are all reported to increase plasma renin activity in normotensive or hypertensive subjects or dogs.
Software Engineering Accreditation in the United States

This chapter provides a brief history of the accreditation of software engineering programs in the United States and describes some of the experiences encountered by programs in achieving their accreditation and by program evaluators in reviewing those programs. It also describes how the accredited programs have addressed the most difficult issues that they have faced during the accreditation process. The authors have served as leaders of the accreditation efforts at their own institutions and as ABET program evaluators at several other academic institutions that have achieved accreditation. The objective of this chapter is to provide those software engineering programs that will be seeking accreditation in the future with some of the experiences of those who are familiar with the process from both the programs’ and the evaluators’ points of view. Leaders of programs that are planning to request an accreditation review will be well prepared for that review if they combine the information contained in this chapter with the recommendations contained in Chapter XIX of this text.
The Role of Topographic Collaterals in Predicting Functional Outcome after Thrombolysis in Anterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke.

BACKGROUND The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT (ASPECTS) leptomeningeal collaterals score on CT-angiography helps in prognosticating functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis. We evaluated whether a simplified topological ASPECTS collaterals scoring could serve as a rapid biomarker for early prediction in thrombolyzed AIS patients. METHODS Consecutive patients from 2010 to 2014 with anterior circulation AIS treated with intravenous thrombolysis were included. The primary outcome was good functional outcome (modified Rankin scale score 0–1 at 3-months). Collaterals were scored according to the extent of contrast opacification in arteries distal to the acute occlusion. Prognostic value of individual ASPECTS leptomeningeal collateral regions was determined by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 283 patients were included (mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score 19.0 ± 6.3 points). Using multivariate logistic regression, good M5 region (parietal)-collaterals (OR 2.62, 95%CI 1.215–5.682, P = .014), younger age (OR .97 per year, 95%CI .943–.990, P = .006), nondiabetics (OR .44, 95%CI .224–.889, P = .021), and lower NIHSS (OR .89 per point, 95%CI .842–.935, P < .001) were independently associated with good functional outcome. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed NIHSS as a good predictor of functional outcome (area under the curve .718, 95%CI .656–.780, P < .001). However, a better predictive value was achieved when M5 collateral score was added to the NIHSS (area under the curve .752, 95%CI .694–.809, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Good collaterals in the M5 region are associated with good functional outcome. Addition of this simple neuroimaging tool to the pretreatment NIHSS may serve as a reliable biomarker for prognosis.
Strategic Social Media Use in Public Relations: Professionals’ Perceived Social Media Impact, Leadership Behaviors, and Work-Life Conflict

ABSTRACTUsing the E-leadership theory as the conceptual framework, the study examined strategic communicators’ perceptions of the impact of social media use on their work, leadership behaviors, and work-life conflict. Through a national sample of communication professionals (N = 458), this study revealed the following key findings. The use of YouTube in professionals’ work, social media use in media relations, employee communications, and cause-related marketing/social marketing were significantly, positively associated with participants’ perceptions of the enhancing impact of social media use. Social media use in crisis management and employee communications significantly, positively predicted professionals’ perceptions of social media’s aggravating impact (e.g., extended work hours, increased workload) on their work. The use of Facebook and YouTube in strategic communication, the use of social media in environmental scanning, as well as the positive and negative impact of social media use all significan...
Enrolling Heterogeneous Partners in Video Game Preservation

This article extends previous work known as Preserving Virtual Worlds II (PVWII), funded through a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services. The author draws on interview data collected from video game developers, content analysis of several long-running video game series, as well as the project’s advisory board and researcher reports. This paper exposes two fundamental challenges in creating metrics and specifications for the preservation of virtual worlds; namely, that there is no one type of user or designated video game stakeholder community, and that significant properties of games cannot always be located in code or platform. The PVWII data serve to explain why existing ideas about preservation of video games are inadequate when games are treated as digital cultural heritage. Preservation specialists need to bind nebulous and dynamic digital objects, a process that is necessary while inherently artificial.
Mesoporous metal oxide nanoparticles for selective enrichment of phosphopeptides from complex sample matrices

Selective enrichment of phosphopeptides is a key factor for successful detection of protein phosphorylations. Here, three types of mesoporous nanoparticles, ZnSn(OH)6, P0.5–Ti-40 and P0.5–Ti-50, were evaluated for their efficiency in enriching phosphopeptides from β-casein and Arabidopsis thaliana leaf protein tryptic digests and compared with commercially available benchmarks. The three types of nanoparticles had different core metal ions and were synthesized under different reaction conditions, so they showed different characters in phosphopeptide enrichment. Various factors that may affect enrichment efficiency including the peptide to nanoparticle ratio and the composition and concentration of the loading buffer were optimized. Under optimal conditions, the three types of mesoporous nanoparticles were utilized to capture phosphopeptides from the Arabidopsis leaf protein digest. ZnSn(OH)6 can enrich 3557 phosphopeptides with 3826 phosphosites from 1611 phosphoproteins in a 95 min nano-LC/MS run. For P0.5–Ti-40, 1474 phosphoproteins with 3850 phosphopeptides and 4589 phosphosites were identified. For P0.5–Ti-50, 1449 phosphoproteins, 3454 phosphopeptides and 3872 phosphosites were enriched. The three types of mesoporous metal oxide nanoparticles showed excellent enrichment efficiency towards phosphopeptides compared with commercially available benchmarks (TiO2 beads and PolyMAC-Ti) and provided a low cost and efficient alternative for future protein phosphorylation studies.
Pilot evaluation of a method to assess prescribers information processing of medication alerts

Display Omitted This method was feasible to evaluate users information processing of alerts.This method detected significant differences between two alert displays.The study method may be useful for other health information technology displays. BackgroundPrescribers commonly receive alerts during medication ordering. Prescribers work in a complex, time-pressured environment; to enhance the effectiveness of safety alerts, the effort needed to cognitively process these alerts should be minimized. Methods to evaluate the extent to which computerized alerts support prescribers information processing are lacking. ObjectiveTo develop a methodological protocol to assess the extent to which alerts support prescribers information processing at-a-glance; specifically, the incorporation of information into their working memory. We hypothesized that the method would be feasible and that we would be able to detect a significant difference in prescribers information processing with a revised alert display that incorporates warning design guidelines compared to the original alert display. MethodsA counterbalanced, within-subject study was conducted with 20 prescribers in a human-computer interaction laboratory. We tested a single alert that was displayed in two different ways. Prescribers were informed that an alert would appear for 10s. After the alert was shown, a white screen was displayed, and prescribers were asked to verbally describe what they saw; indicate how many total warnings; and describe anything else they remembered about the alert. We measured information processing via the accuracy of prescribers free recall and their ability to identify that three warning messages were present. Two analysts independently evaluated participants responses against a comprehensive catalog of alert elements and then discussed discrepancies until reaching consensus. ResultsThis feasibility study demonstrated that the method seemed to be effective for evaluating prescribers information processing of medication alert displays. With this method, we were able to detect significant differences in prescribers recall of alert information. The proportion of total data elements that prescribers were able to accurately recall was significantly greater for the revised versus original alert display (p=0.006). With the revised display, more prescribers accurately reported that three warnings were shown (p=0.002). ConclusionsThe methodological protocol was feasible for evaluating the alert display and yielded important findings on prescribers information processing. Study methods supplement traditional usability evaluation methods and may be useful for evaluating information processing of other healthcare technologies.
A dynamic model for GPS based attitude determination and testing using a serial robotic manipulator

A computational algorithm is developed for estimating accurately the attitude of a robotic arm which moves along a predetermined path. This algorithm requires preliminary input data obtained in the static mode to yield phase observables for the precise, 3-axis attitude determination of a swinging manipulator in the dynamic mode. Measurements are recorded simultaneously by three GPS L1 receivers and then processed in several steps to accomplish this task. First, artkconv batch executable converts GPS receiver readings into RINEX format to generate GPS observables and ephemeris for multiple satellites. Then baseline vectors determination is carried out by baseline constrained Least-Squares Ambiguity Decorrelation (LAMBDA) method that uses double difference carrier phase estimates as input to calculate integer solution for each baseline. Finally, attitude determination is made by employing alternatively Least-squares attitude determination (LSAD) in the static mode and extended Kalman filter in the dynamic mode. The algorithm presented in this paper is applied to recorded data on Mitsubishi RV-M1 robotic arm in order to produce attitude estimates. These results are confirmed by another set of Euler angles independently evaluated from robotic arm postures obtained along the predefined trajectory.
Treatment of Anxiety and Comorbid Cluster A Personality Disorders

Personality disorders frequently co-occur with anxiety disorders; however, unlike Cluster C personality disorders, there is a dearth of empirical research on the co-occurrence of anxiety with Cluster A personality disorders. This chapter examines Cluster A personality disorders and the complexity these personality disorders may create when treating comorbid anxiety disorders. Therapeutic approaches for this group are presented and exhibited through a clinical case study.
Macronutrients and metals released from soils by solutions of naturally occurring phenols

Phenolic compounds produced by plants enter the soil by leaching and litter decomposition. The goal of this work is to determine the effect of phenolic compounds on solubility of plant macronutrients and metals in agroforestry systems. Soils from forest and pasture systems were repeatedly extracted with water (control) or phenolic solutions and then compared to a Mehlich 3 reference. The phenolics were aqueous solutions of tannic acid or β–1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-D-glucose (PGG) (hydrolyzable tannins), procyanidin (condensed tannin), or small phenolics catechin, gallic acid, or methyl gallate. The concentration of the macronutrients Ca, Mg, K, P, and S, and the metals Fe, Al, Mn, and Zn in the supernatants was determined by inductively-coupled plasma spectroscopy. Cumulative extraction of macronutrients was generally similar to or less than the amount obtained by the Mehlich 3 extraction with the lowest recoveries obtained with the water control, PGG, and procyanidin. Metals tended to be somewhat more extractable from forest soil, especially with gallic acid, tannic acid or PGG treatments. Three mechanisms affected extraction of analytes by phenol-containing solutions: (1) pH-driven dissolution (Ca and Mg), (2) chelation of the metal (Al) by the polyphenol, or (3) reduction of the metal (Fe and Mn). Relatively low extraction of nutrients by some polyphenols is attributed to the tendency of some phenols to sorb to soil. This study demonstrates that tannins and related compounds change the solubility of macronutrients and metals in soils by a complex process that is not easily predictable from simple chemical properties of the phenolics.
Nonpharmacologic Techniques to Assist in Pediatric Pain Management

Abstract Managing children's pain is an essential component in the provision of comprehensive medical treatment, and children benefit from the incorporation of various pain management tools. Many nonpharmacologic techniques have been studied to examine their efficacy when used as a means of pain control, and an array of helpful approaches is available for children of all ages. This article explores evidence-based nonpharmacologic methods for addressing children's pain across different developmental levels. Although child life specialists regularly use these techniques to assist pediatric patients with pain associated with medical procedures, other practitioners in pediatric care can implement these into their practice to provide a well-rounded approach to treating pain.
Public Higher Education Institutions' Investment in Performing Arts Centers

ABSTRACTAlthough commonplace in academic settings, performing arts centers are multifaceted and remain unexplored. Framed by resource dependency theory, this research sheds light on the motivations...
Towards the application of flask security architecture to SoC design: work-in-progress

In this work, we explore a security reference monitor (RM) design which borrows from the Flask security architecture. Our RM design goal is to achieve complete mediation by checking and verifying the authority and the authenticity of every access to every system object in systems-on-chip (SoCs). Access decisions are administered by a security logic "server" implemented as an extension of the peripheral bus. Initial results show a minimal increase in resource overhead and no significant impact on the performance.
Integrated STEM through Tumblewing Gliders

Teachers have the opportunity to use technology and engineering design problems to engage students in integrated STEM education. “Tumblewing” gliders are easy-to-make paper gliders that can challenge, excite, and engage students. As students emphasize the practices of science and engineering while completing a tumblewing design challenge, they will engage in both scientific inquiry and the engineering design process.
Surgical Laser Safety and Anesthesiology

Health professionals working with and around lasers must understand the potential hazards associated with the use of this equipment. The safe use of lasers is particularly important in airway-relat...
Theoretical Methods for Modeling Chemical Processes on Semiconductor Surfaces

As a result of the advancements in algorithms and the huge increase in speed of computers over the past decade, electronic structure calculations have evolved into a valuable tool for characterizing surface species and for elucidating the pathways for their formation and reactivity. It is also now possible to calculate, including electric field effects, STM images for surface structures. To date the calculation of such images has been dominated by density functional methods, primarily because the computational cost of accurate wave-function based calculations using either realistic cluster or slab models would be prohibitive.
A Model for Anomalies of Software Engineering

We present a model for the anomalies of software engineering that cause system failures. Our model enables us to develop a classification scheme in terms of the types of errors that are responsible, as well as to identify the layers of a system architecture at which control mechanisms should be applied.
Behavioral Cardiology - Has its time finally arrived?

Traditional cardiology has taken a mechanistic approach to heart disease. But the new discipline of behavioral cardiology takes a broader view, concluding that heart disease is not inevitable, but develops largely from unhealthy lifestyles, such as smoking, overeating and physical inactivity, and from psychosocial stress. Physical inactivity and excessive caloric intake are also responsible for the epidemic of obesity, which is associated with a dramatic increase in the prevalence of diabetes. This increase in the incidence of diabetes may, in turn, reverse the recent decline of cardiovascular deaths in the US. A variety of psychosocial stressors have been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease. These include occupational stress, anxiety, social isolation, hostility, anger, and type A behavior. There is clearly some overlap between these stressors, all of which may affect the heart adversely. Both the lifestyle and psychosocial factors can be altered by behavioral treatment, in which the patient and the practitioner work together. Unfortunately, various barriers can impair the successful implementation of behavioral treatment. These barriers include poor compliance by the patient, lack of skill in providing effective interventions by the health care provider, and lack of incentives within the health care system, particularly reimbursement.
Crowding norms in backcountry settings: a review and synthesis.

Crowding in outdoor recreation has been suggested as a normative concept. Review of the conceptual and empirical literature supports this notion and indicates that crowding norms are influenced by ...
Disparities Regarding Inadequate Automated External Defibrillator Training and Potential Barriers to Successful Cardiac Resuscitation in Public School Systems

Installation of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in public schools has been shown to improve outcomes for children with sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). However, the adequacy of faculty AED training and potential barriers to successful cardiac resuscitation remain unknown. A questionnaire was mailed to all public schools in the state of Illinois (n = 3796). The survey focused on the demographic variables of each school as well as the confidence of the responder regarding effectiveness of AED training. 2,192 surveys were included in this study (58% response rate). Independent variables for perceived inadequate AED training were schools that were predominantly black (odds ratio [OR] 3.93; 3.01 to 5.13) or Hispanic (OR 2.75; 2.11 to 3.58), elementary schools (OR 2.05; 1.69 to 2.50), schools with
RMSF and Serious Tick-Borne Illnesses (Lyme, Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis and Tick Paralysis)

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) and other tick-borne illnesses, a burden predominantly in the summer season, produce symptoms ranging from fever to paralysis. Although often benign, sequela can range from chronic arthritis to neurologic or cardiac illness. Especially in the areas of the North America where tick-borne illnesses are more prevalent, tick-borne illnesses require vigilance on the provider’s part to inquire about recent outdoor activity. Prevention is paramount including the use of protective clothing and tick repellent.
Estimates of the Number of Brand-name Drugs Affected by the Medicaid Rebate Cap in 2017.

This analysis of Medicaid reimbursement data examines the financial implications of removing the Medicaid rebate cap.
Inflammatory Mediators in Sterile Models of Inflammation: Early Evaluation of New Mediator-Directed Therapies

Inflammatory mediators are known to play a role in the progression of infectious models of inflammation, however, recent evidence suggests that the same mediators are responsible for the local and systemic inflammation in sterile animal models such as pancreatitis, ischemia-reperfusion or the injection of turpentine or zymosan. Using these noninfectious animal models, novel mediator-directed therapies can be critically evaluated and the subsequent data utilized to design possible clinical trials.
Designing a Faculty Development Program on Technology: If you Build it, will they Come?

This article illustrates the challenges of creating a faculty development program on technology through the presentation of experiences with one such program, the Virtual Guild. Using examples from the Virtual Guild, the authors focus on the areas of program design and faculty motivation. The discussion of program design involves selecting content and determining the program format. Motivational issues discussed include individual- and organizational-level factors, as well as the combined effect of these factors on faculty participation.
Vascular Lasers and Lights

Vascular lasers and lights have evolved considerably over the last 30 years since Anderson and Parrish published their landmark paper on selective photothermolysis [1]. Previously, continuous wave (argon and copper vapor) lasers were used to treat vascular lesions, but resulted in significant side effects such as scarring or pigmentary changes. With the understanding that laser energy can be modified for preferential absorption by the intended target, or chromophore, heat could be delivered in a more controlled manner that did not result in destruction of surrounding tissues. The laser wavelength could be matched to the absorption spectra of the targeted chromophore. By the 1990s, the pulsed dye laser (PDL) was established as the gold standard for vascular lesions [2]. Its wavelengths of 577–595 nm match the spectrum for oxyhemoglobin, which is in blood vessels. Figure 12.1 demonstrates the absorption spectra of hemoglobin. The 532 nm wavelength has also been explored for its strong absorption by hemoglobin.
Study To Reduce Infection Prior to Elective Cesarean Deliveries (STRIPES): a randomized clinical trial of chlorhexidine.

Abstract Background Surgical site infections after cesarean delivery are a source of maternal morbidity and usually due to skin microbial flora. Preadmission application of chlorhexidine gluconate via impregnated cloths may decrease surgical site infections by decreasing the abundance of microbial flora. Objective(s) To determine if the application of chlorhexidine gluconate-impregnated cloths the night before and morning of scheduled cesarean delivery decreases the risk of surgical site infections by 6 weeks post-operatively compared to placebo cloths. Study Design In this single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, patients were randomized (1:1) to receive either Sage 2% chlorhexidine cloths or Sage Comfort Bath fragrance-free cloths (placebo) to apply to 6 skin sites on the body (neck/shoulders/chest, arm pits/arms/hands, abdomen/groin, left leg/foot, right leg/foot, back/buttocks) the night before and after a shower the morning of scheduled cesarean delivery. Routine clinical and operative procedures were followed. The primary outcome was surgical site infections (superficial or deep -incisional and/or organ space-endometritis) by 6 weeks after cesarean delivery. The secondary outcomes were surgical site infections by 2 weeks and other wound-related complications by 2 and 6 weeks after cesarean delivery. Results From April 2015 through August 2019, 1,356 patients were enrolled: 682 were assigned to the chlorhexidine group and 674 to the placebo group. The groups were similar in demographic and medical characteristics. Fourteen patients were lost to follow-up prior to cesarean delivery (10 in chlorhexidine and 4 in placebo) and 33 were lost to follow-up after cesarean delivery (10 in chlorhexidine and 23 in placebo). Among the remaining 1309 (97%), no difference was found in surgical site infections by 6 weeks between the groups (2.6% in chlorhexidine vs. 3.7% in placebo, P=0.24). There were no differences in secondary outcomes at 2 or 6 weeks, and no differences in primary outcome in a per-protocol analysis Conclusion(s): Pre-admission use of chlorhexidine gluconate cloths compared to placebo does not result in a reduction in surgical site infection after scheduled cesarean deliveries. Patients and physicians who follow the standard of care guidelines have a low risk of surgical site infections in this group of patients.
Using Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring Data for Evaluating Rangeland Treatment Effects in Northern New Mexico

The Bureau of Land Management used the Assessment, Inventory and Monitoring (AIM) program to assess sagebrush and pinyon-juniper removal areas in Northern New Mexico.A broad network of nontreated AIM data were used as a “reference” to evaluate treatments with respect to their management objectives.Groupings of reference data enabled informative comparisons among treatment methods based on land potential.Mechanical treatments showed lower cover of wildlife-desirable vegetation and slower recovery of foliar cover compared with chemical treatments.AIM data, when summarized using appropriate groups, was a cost--efficient and accessible tool for evaluating restoration treatments.
An Interference-Resilient BLE-Compatible Wake-Up Receiver Employing Single-Die Multi-Channel FBAR-Based Filtering and a 4-D Wake-Up Signature

This article presents a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) compatible wake-up receiver (WuRX) that simultaneously achieves low power, high sensitivity, and interference resiliency. Interference resilience is achieved by detecting a 4-D wake-up signature based on the hopping pattern from BLE-compliant advertising events, while low power and high sensitivity are achieved by filtering each advertising channel via a single-die three-channel FBAR filter and down-converting packet energy via a designed integer- $N$ frequency plan. Implemented in 65 nm CMOS, the proposed WuRX achieves a sensitivity of −85 dBm and a signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) of −60 dB while consuming 220 $\mu \text{W}$ from a 0.5 V supply.