cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantum oscillations of the ultrasonic attenuation in gold

Abstract Quantum oscillations of the ultrasonic attenuation in gold are reported. The oscillations are observed using longitudinal and shear sound waves at magnetic fields ranging between 30 and 60 KG. The periods of the oscillations due to the neck of the Fermi surface are in very good agreement with those determined from the de Haas-van Alphen measurements. However, the results show 7 per cent discrepancy with the data obtained by the magnetoacoustic geometric resonance method. The effective masses calculated from the temperature dependence of the amplitude of the oscillations are in good agreement with those determined from the de Haas-van Alphen measurements. Detailed measurements of the angular dependence of both the period and the amplitude indicate that the oscillations represent an intermediate regime between the giant quantum oscillations and those of the de Haas-van Alphen type in the ultrasonic attenuation. The experimental results are in qualitative agreement with the theory of Liu and Toxen.
Cyclic adenosine 3':5-monophosphate mediation of the effect of dopamine on renin release by renal cortical slices from sodium-deficient rats: modification by dopaminergic and beta-adrenergic receptor blockade.

SummaryThe effect of dopamine (DOP), dopamine-receptor antagonist, and β-adrenergic receptor antagonist agents on simultaneously measured renin release (RR) and cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP) content of renal cortical slices from sodium-deficient rats was studied in vitro. A DOP dose of 10-5M significantly increased RR while a higher (10-3M) dose significantly stimulated both RR and cAMP content in the slice preparation. Addition of the DOP-receptor blocker pimozide (PIMO) at 10-6M effectively prevented stimulation of RR and tissue cAMP content by DOP. However, PIMO added alone also significantly decreased resting RR and tissue cAMP content levels. In subsequent experiments, the DOP-β-hydroxylase (DBH) enzyme inhibitor FLA-63 (10-4M) was used in conjunction with the other agents to prevent conversion of DOP to norepinephrine (NE) in the tissue preparation. In the presence of FLA-63, 10-3M DOP again significantly stimulated both RR and cAMP content as previously seen without FLA-63. Conversely...
Secondary Analysis of a Longitudinal Survey of Educated Women: A Social Psychological Perspective

This paper attempts to illustrate the flexibility inherent in many currently archived survey data sets by suggesting how one particular data set—the Ginzberg-Yohalem Survey of Educated Women—originally collected for a different purpose, might be analyzed to address some major themes of interest to social psychologists today, including: (1) person-situation interaction; (2) attitudes and behavior; (3) attribution theory; (4) helping behavior; and (5) social motivation. After noting a few methodological problems that limit the use of these data, including establishing an appropriate “cohort-defining event” and measurement interval (“causal lag”) and the problem of panel attrition, the potential relevance of these data to each of these social psychological issues is illustrated by describing both specific analyses that might be conducted using variables from this survey and a number of others that cannot be done due to particular features of these data.
Real-time holographic image correction using bacteriorhodopsin.

We present experimental results of one-way coherent imaging through a thin phase-aberrating medium using a holographic technique with bacteriorhodopsin as a real-time holographic material. Bacteriorhodopsin is well suited for the application when the aberration is time varying because of its real-time writing and erasing characteristics, sensitivity, and spatial resolution. We show results with final image resolution of greater than 20 line pairs/mm and high signal-to-noise ratio using a polarization-holography approach.
Commutator relations and the clones of finite groups

We show that for n ≥ 3, the clone of the dihedral group \({D_{{2}^{n}}}\) is determined by the k-ary algebraic relations, where k = 2n−1. Further, we show that there does not exist a finite integer k > 0 such that for all finite groups G, the k-ary algebraic relations of G determine the clone of G.
Influencing Organizational Commitment through Office Redesign.

Abstract Prior research on the effects of office redesign on work-related outcomes has been largely atheoretical and yielded mixed and conflicting findings. Expanding on individual reactions to office design changes as specified by social interference theory, we propose that office redesign affects organizational commitment and this relationship is mediated by employee perceptions of the broader work environment. This conceptual model is tested using 121 financial services employees who experience office redesign and 136 who do not. Results indicate that perceptions of innovation and collaboration mediate the effects of office redesign over and above negative personal reactions such that affective organizational commitment is enhanced among those experiencing reconfigured offices. Findings provide support for an expanded rendition of social interference theory that provides for favorable (as well as unfavorable) employee reactions to office redesign. Such a theoretical explanation is asserted to increase understanding of how the physical environment influences employee attitudes.
Primary hepatocyte culture supports hepatitis C virus replication: a model for infection-associated hepatocarcinogenesis.

Analysis of progressive changes in hepatic gene expression that underlie hepatocarcinogenesis following hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection require examination of long-term cultures of normally differentiating primary human hepatocytes. We report a culture system of primary hepatocytes that support productive replication of infectious HCV. Hepatic functions were analyzed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction amplification of total cell RNA from cultures maintained in serum-free defined medium for up to 190 days. Sustained hepatic function was assessed by expression of albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, cytochrome P4502E1, cytokeratin-18, type-1 collagen, transforming growth factor-beta 1, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-13, and interferon alpha-receptors 1 and 2. Normally differentiated human primary hepatocytes supported productive replication of infectious clones of HCV genotypes 1a, 1b, and 2a; virus infection was inhibited by antibodies against CD81 virus entry factor. Virus released into the culture media of HCV-infected primary hepatocytes repeatedly passage to naive hepatocytes. Replication of the three HCV genotypes shows interferon sensitivity observed in natural infections. Conclusion: Sustained cultures of physiologic host cells for the propagation of infectious HCV strains should accelerate studies of host response to HCV infection and progressive liver disease. Hepatology 2010;51:1922–1932
PROGESTERONE IN AQUEOUS CRYSTALLINE SUSPENSION VERSUS PROGESTERONE IN OIL: COMPARISON BY WITHDRAWAL BLEEDING TESTS IN THE HUMAN FEMALE

IN accord with the recent trend in endocrine replacement therapy toward a depot effect, studies are being reported on comparisons of the relative effects of the various steroid hormones in aqueous crystalline suspension and in oily solution. The literature on this subject is still small and is chiefly limited to work on animals. The following experiments were designed to test the comparative activity of an aqueous crystalline suspension of progesterone, and a solution of progesterone in sesame oil, in elderly postmenopausal women. Estrogen and progesterone withdrawal bleeding in many patients well past the menopause has been previously demonstrated (1). The criterion established for comparing the biologic activity of various preparations having luteal activity, namely, the capacity to produce withdrawal bleeding under certain dosage schedules, was followed in the present study. The production of uterine bleeding by this method is dependent upon progesterone deprivation in the presence of sustained estroge...
The Heuristic Problem-Solving Approach

For a variety of reasons, the finding of an optimal solution is impractical for many O.R. problems. A common way of overcoming this unhappy state of affairs is the development of heuristic (approximate) methods. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the issues that arise with such an approach-that is, the use of a method which, on the basis of experience of judgement, seems likely to yield good solutions but which cannot guarantee optimality. The use of such methods is motivated by the emergence of the theory of NP-completeness, i.e. the study of the complexity of algorithms, which is briefly introduced. A number of heuristic methods are presented in order to illustrate some of the ideas discussed. Heuristic procedures are classified according to design. Some of the problems of both how to design effective heuristics and how to use heuristics in the real world are discussed.
The identification and partial characterization of lysosomes in human reticulocytes.

Abstract The activities of several lysosomal enzymes have been determined in erythrocytes from human donors with and without spleens. The activities of the lysosomal enzymes β - N -acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) and β -galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) are strikingly increased in erythrocytes from splenectomized donors, especially those with high reticulocyte counts. In contrast, erythrocytes from normal subjects have low levels of these enzymes regardless of the reticulocyte count. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), a soluble enzyme, was the same in erythrocytes from these two groups of subjects as was the total activity of acid β - glycerophosphate phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.3.2), a characteristic lysosomal enzyme. This discrepancy was resolved by gel filtration studies which showed that erythrocytes from normal subjects contain two acid phosphatases while erythrocytes from splenectomized patients contain three different acid phosphatases. The third acid phosphatases is localized to membrane-bounded particles. Each of the three acid phosphotases has a different molecular weight and responds differently to various substrates and inhibitors, Mg 2+ , pH, and temperature. These studies provide biochemical evidence for the existence of lysosomes in ery erythrocytes and demonstrate that the spleen determines the level of lysosomes in these cells.
Landau Damping in the SLAC Linac

In the SLC Landau damping can greatly stabilize the beam against changes in injection conditions into the linac. For example, by choosing phi/sub a/ = -15/sup 0/, n/sub a/ = 51, the jitter tolerances for 25% emittance growth can be relaxed by greater than a factor of 10, while sacrificing 1.6 GeV in final energy. Increasing the focusing, especially near the beginning of the linac, will lessen the energy penalty for a given amount of stability. For example, with the planned addition of more quads in sectors 2-4 the stability of the above example can be achieved at the cost of only 1.0 GeV in final energy. The simulations including machine errors indicate that the static residual emittance growth can be kept consistently below 30% with Landau damping, but that this would be difficult to achieve without Landau damping. It can be supposed that Landau damping will also stabilize the beam to magnet jitter, though a more thorough study of machine error effects still needs to be done. 9 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
Topographic Rossby waves at a site north of the Gulf Stream

Abstract The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution has maintained buoys with current meters at Site D (39° 20′N, 70°W) for over three years, though there are large gaps in the record. Using a new spectral estimation technique, evidence is found in the data for strong topographic Rossby waves at depths of 500 m and more. For periods of about 2 days to 2 weeks, the spectra drop with a “— 3” power law, which is to be expected for a two-dimensional inertial subrange. Significant coherences of 0·6 and up are common between depths and between the velocity components at each depth. The motions at the three depths are nearly in phase. The velocity components at each level are nearly out of phase, giving significant down-slope momentum flux. A numerical model supports the suggestion that the observed coherent waves are driven by random forcing from the Gulf Stream decay region, and filtered by the large depth-change of the slope.
Embedding outerplanar graphs in small books

We investigate the problem of embedding graphs in books. A book is some number of half-planes (the pages of the book), which share a common line as boundary (the spine of the book). A book embedding of a graph embeds the vertices on the spine in some order and embeds each edge in some page so that in each page no two edges intersect. The pagenumber of a graph is the number of pages in a minimum-page embedding of the graph. The pagewidth of a book embedding is the maximum cutwidth of the embedding in any page. A practical application of book embeddings is in the realization of a fault-tolerant array of VLSI processors.Our result is an $O(n \log n)$ time algorithm for embedding an n-vertex outerplanar graph with small pagewidth. The algorithm embeds any d-valent outerplanar graph in a two-page book with $O(d\log n)$ pagewidth. This result is optimal in pagewidth to within a constant factor for the class of outerplanar graphs. As there are trivalent outerplanar graphs that require $\Omega (n)$ pagewidth in a...
Prenatal Exclusion of Lamellar Ichthyosis Based on Identification of Two New Mutations in the Transglutaminase 1 Gene

Lamellar ichthyosis is a severe, generalized, autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized clinically by large, parchment-like scales and histologically by acanthosis and marked hyperkeratosis. Genetic heterogeneity in lamellar ichthyosis has been recognized with reports of two linked loci (on chromosomes 14q11 and 2q33–35). In a cohort of four small families with lamellar ichthyosis we found confirmatory evidence for linkage (p ≤ 0.01) to D14S275, a microsatellite marker close to transglutaminase 1 on chromosome 14q11. We also identified two novel transglutaminase 1 mutations in an affected sibling pair from one of these families. The paternal mutation in exon 3, 1387insCAGC, causes a frameshift predicted to result in premature termination of translation within the same exon. The maternal mutation in exon 8, 4561delAC, also causes a frameshift and a premature stop codon in this exon. The mother of these siblings recently became pregnant with twins. Genotyping and direct sequencing of DNA isolated from fetal amniotic fluid cultures revealed the presence of the paternal but the absence of the maternal mutation, thus predicting a normal skin phenotype. Both twins were born with normal-appearing skin. Our findings demonstrate that mutations of both alleles of the transglutaminase 1 gene are the cause of lamellar ichthyosis in this family, and illustrate an emerging clinical application of molecular genetics in dermatology.
Sherpa in My Backpack: A Guide to International Social Work Practicum Exchanges and Study Abroad Programs

In Sherpa in My Backpack: A Guide to International Social Work Practicum Exchanges and Study Abroad Programs, the unique characteristics of international field placements are well laid out. Respond...
“Specific” binding of radioiodinated transferrin to polypropylene culture tubes

Abstract Radioiodinated human serum transferrin has been found to interact with polypropylene culture tubes in a manner that mimics the specific binding of a protein to a cellular receptor. The magnitude of this transferrin-culture tube interaction is such that any true binding of the protein to cells present is masked. Characteristics of this non-specific “binding” process as well as kinetic and thermodynamic parameters are compared with previously reported values for the interaction of transferrin with both reticulocytes and chinese hamster fibroblasts.
a Numerical Method for Stability Analysis of Pinned Flexible Mechanisms

Abstract A technique is presented to investigate the stability of mechanisms with pin-jointed flexible members. The method relies on a special floating frame from which elastic link co-ordinates are defined. Energies are easily developed for use in a Lagrange equation formulation, leading to a set of non-linear and mixed ordinary differential-algebraic equations of motion with constraints. Stability and bifurcation analysis is handled using a numerical procedure (generalized co-ordinate partitioning) that avoids the tedious and difficult task of analytically reducing the system of equations to a number equalling the system degrees of freedom. The proposed method was then applied to (1) a slider-crank mechanism with a flexible connecting rod and crank of constant rotational speed, and (2) a four-bar linkage with a flexible coupler with a constant speed crank. In both cases, a single pinned-pinned beam bending mode is employed to develop resonance curves and stability boundaries in the crank length-crank speed parameter plane. Flip and fold bifurcations are common occurrences in both mechanisms. The accuracy of the proposed method was also verified by comparison with previous experimental results [1].
Dormancy in red rice. IV. Response of unimbibed and imbibing seeds to nitrogen dioxide

Cohn, M. A. and Castle. L. 1984. Dormancy in red rice. IV. Response of unimbibedand imbibing seeds to nitrogen dioxide. - Physiol. Plant. 60: 552-556.Nitrogen dioxide at 4 Io8ml 1' breaks dormancy of deluilled, unimhihed seeds of redrice {Oryzti sutix'a L.) with minimum exposure times ti> the gas of 21) min or less. Tlicresponse is independent of incubation medium pM following treatment. Germinalionis complete within 2 days but proceeds 4 lo 6 h more slowly than non-dormant coiitrols.The magnitude ot response at a constant NO; dose is dependent upon initial seedmoisture. There was less than 40% germinalion at 9.6% initial moisture while germina-tion was 95'>i> at 12% initial moisture. NO; treatment also breaks dormancy of imbib-ing, dehullcd seeds, but the response is dependent upon the pH of the medium.Dormancy is broken al pHs close lo the pK^ of nitrous acid. Inlacl. unimbibed orimbibing seedi respond to NO; treatment only if partially dry-afterripened prior toexposure.Additional key words - Dry-afterripening. germination, nitrite. Oryza sativa.M. A. Cohn (reprint requests), Dept of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Loui-siana Agricultural E.xperiment Sui., Louisiana State Univ., lUiton Rouge, Louisiana,70803. USA; L. Castle, Dept of Chemistry. Louisiana State Univ.. Baton Kougc.Louisiana 70m3, USA.
Histone methylkinase levels in synchronized mammalian cells.

Abstract An enzyme system capable of methylating histones and histone fractions was observed and characterized in the cell-free extracts of cultured mammalian cells. Histone fractions F2 a , F2 b and F3 are methylated at specific times and in a specific sequence in synchronized mammalian cells. Intracellular histone methylkinase activity was measured in synchronized mammalian cells to determine if a temporal relationship existed between histone methylation and methylkinase levels. While fluctuations were observed in enzyme activity levels around the cell cycle, no dramatic alterations in kinase levels were seen which could be correlated with histone methylation maxima.
Deformation and Fracture Behavior of Tial

First-principles total-energy calculations of the elastic constants, shear fault energies, and cleavage energies of TiAl are presented. We find a large elastic shear anisotropy along the (011) direction, and high APB energies due to the strong cohesion between Ti and Al layers. Shear faults of SISF SESF, and twin boundary are predicted to be prevalent due to their low energies. The anomalous temperature dependence of flow stress is explained by the cross-slip pinning and fault dragging mechanisms. The intrinsic brittleness of TiAl is discussed in terms of the low mobility of 1/2(110) dislocations. 17 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
The structure and function of RAD6 and RAD18 DNA repair genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The RAD6 and RAD18 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are required for postreplication repair of discontinuities occurring in newly synthesized DNA following exposure to uv light. In addition, rad6 ...
Renal cell carcinoma in polycystic kidney disease: Use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for characterization and review of the literature

We describe a case of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), seen on B-mode sonography, confirmed with the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and demonstrated on computed tomography (CT). RCC in ADPKD is described but is rare, no more frequent than in the general population, although often sought on imaging. CEUS may be used in patients with ADPKD when a complicating carcinoma is suspected on the B-mode examination in lieu of imaging strategies that use nephrotoxic contrast agents.
The ultrastructure of normal myogenesis in the limb of the mouse

The ultrastructure of myogenesis in the mouse hind limb has been studied from day 12 to birth. Mononucleated cells with myofilaments are small and infrequent during myogenesis and never line myotubes. Only mononucleated cells without myofilaments cover the myotubes and are involved in mass fusion. These mononucleated cells are pleomorphic and undifferentiated during early myogenesis. They have a heterochromatic nucleus and many accumulate mitochondria and lengthen during days 16-18. After day 18 they are normally elongate with a heterochromatic nucleus and packed with free ribosomes. The multinucleated cell development may be divided into four stages. 1. Immature myotube (days 14-15). Their fibrils are small, out of register and some poorly defined. Many myofilaments are not in rigid hexagonal alignment. The sarcoplasmic reticlum is simple and randomly oriented and triads are absent. Large clumps of glycogen occur between euchromatic nuclei which are in chain formation. 2. Mature myotube (days 16-18). Small groups of fibrils show alignment. Glycogen granules and sarcoplasmic reticulum become numerous between fibrils. Triads are sparse and mitochondria cluster in subsarcolemmal regions and between nuclei. 3. Young myofibers are present by day 19. More fibrils are aligned and compact. The filaments are in a rigid hexagonal array, the glycogen is dispersed and nuclei are peripherally located and moderately heterochromatic. Triads are frequent but often obliquely oriented and mitochondria are elongate and numerous between fibrils. 4. Mature myofibers occur postnatally (2 weeks).
A Review of Some of the Economic Contributions of Robert A. Mundell, Winner of the 1999 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics

Introduction Robert Mundell richly deserves a Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. His contributions to the field of international monetary economics were path breaking and have stood the test of time well. He chose his problems with great foresight and penetrating intuition, imagining economies with features like perfect capital mobility, floating exchange rates and supra-national currencies at a time when these assumptions would have seemed literally fantastic to most. His work remains extraordinarily influential among academics and policy-makers. As with many great scientists, Mundell’s contributions have been unevenly spread over his lifetime. From the late 1950s through the mid 1960s Mundell produced an astonishing crop of creative work that remains influential through the present day. Much of his most significant work was collected in his justly celebrated treatise International Economics, published in 1968. Three of Mundell’s achievements are particularly worthy of note. He single-handedly invented the concept of an optimum currency area, perhaps
Culture as patterns: An alternative approach to the problem of reification

To challenge the treatment of culture and self as reified entities, Hermans (2001) proposes a model of both culture and self as a multiplicity of dialogical positions. We question whether this model fully responds to his challenge. First, the notion of positioningitself appears to reify culture by treating flowing patterns as fixed locations. Second, the notion of dialogueappears to neglect the possibility of automatic influence from implicit cultural patterns. This implies a core, universal self whose functioning is insensitive to cultural variation. We suggest an alternative approach to the problem of reification: to conceive of culture not as group, but as patterns. Corresponding to this shift, we propose a distinction between the negotiation of cultural identity and the cultural grounding of self. As a model of identity negotiation, Hermans’ dialogical self makes important contributions: it emphasizes the multiplicity of identity, highlights the agency of the self as a constructor of identity, and sug...
Ribonucleoprotein complexes of R17 coat protein and a translational operator analog

The coat protein of the simple spherical (triangulation no. T = 3) RNA coliphage R17 protects the genomic RNA in the virus particle and acts as a translational repressor of the phage-encoded replicase gene. It has been suggested that these two functions are related and that the translational repression complex serves as a nucleation complex for subsequent assembly of the bacteriophage. We have used a translational operation fragment to examine the relationship between formation of the translational repression complex and the assembly of the protein into T = 3 capsids. In vitro analysis of the aggregation properties of R17 coat protein reveals that binding of the translational operator fragment to the protein dimer triggers polymerization of the protein into T = 3 capsids of well-defined composition. The data further implicate the translational operator in nucleation of assembly and suggest a possible physical-chemical basis of the nucleation step.
HPLC–PDA Determination of Bioactive Diterpenoids from Plant Materials and Commercial Products of Andrographis paniculata

Abstract The present paper describes the development of an HPLC–PDA method for the simultaneous determination of bioactive diterpenoids, andrographolide, isoandrographolide, neoandrographolide, and 14‐deoxy‐11,12‐didehydroandrographolide in plant materials and commercial products of Andrographis paniculata. Separations were achieved using a conventional C18 column with PDA detection at 200–400 nm for UV spectrum and 225 nm for quantification. The mobile phase consists of water and acetonitrile with acetonitrile varying from 20% to 50% over 40 min. The quantification was performed using external standards. The method was validated for linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), inter‐day and intra‐day reproducibility, and recovery.
Relationship Between High Overburden Pressures and Moisture Content of Halloysite and Dickite Clays

High-pressure compaction studies (up to 386,000 psi) were conducted on halloysite and dickite clays. The remaining moisture content in per cent (dry weight) was plotted versus the logarithm of pressure in psi. For halloysite clay there is a straight-line relationship between 1000 and 260,000 psi ( M = 40.1 − 6.66.1og P ), and for dickite clay the relationship between the pressure (psi) and the moisture content (per cent) can be expressed by the formula M = 26.7 − 5.04.1og P between 200 and 120,000 psi. X-ray analyses were made on compacted samples in order to determine any possible mineralogic changes with increasing overburden pressure. In addition, the permeability of dickite clay at an overburden pressure of 15,000 psi was calculated.
Cladophialophora bantiana isolated from an AIDS patient with pulmonary infiltrates

Cladophialophora bantiana causes a rare phaeohyphomycosis, usually manifested by brain abscesses but rarely by skin or pulmonary lesions. It has not been reported as a common colonizer or as a cause of pulmonary symptoms in patients with AIDS. We present a case in which C. bantiana was repeatedly isolated from the sputum of a patient with AIDS having pulmonary infiltrates.
Improved properties of amorphous calcium phosphate fillers in remineralizing resin composites.

Objectives. The rationale for this study was based on the hypothesis that the mechanical strength of methacrylate composites containing the bioactive filler, amorphous calcium phosphate, can be enhanced by synthesizing this filler in the presence of glass-forming agents. Specifically, this study was conducted to prepare composites with zirconia- and silica-modified amorphous calcium phosphate fillers, and to determine whether the remineralization potential from the release of calcium and phosphate ions and the mechanical properties of the corresponding methacrylate composites were enhanced. Methods. The modified amorphous calcium phosphates were synthesized at pH 10.5 by mixing 800 mmol/L Ca(NO3)2 solutions and either 250 mmol/L zirconyl chloride (ZrOCl2) or 4.4 mol/L tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) solutions with solutions containing 525 mmol/L Na2HPO4 and 11 mmol/L Na4P2O7. After washing and drying, the amorphous calcium phosphates were mixed with visible light-activated resins and photopolymerized to form composite disks that were then examined for their ability to release Ca2+ and total ionic phosphate (PO43− + HPO42− + H2PO4−, hereafter indicated as PO4) by immersion in HEPES-buffered (pH 7.4) saline at 37°C. Solution ion concentrations were compared at regular intervals up to 265 h. Biaxial flexural strengths of the composites before and after immersion were compared, and significant differences were established by Student's test (p < 0.05). Results. Both ZrOCl2- and TEOS-modified amorphous calcium phosphate composite disks released Ca2+ and PO4 ions at sustained levels requisite for remineralization to occur. The transformation of amorphous calcium phosphate into hydroxyapatite within the composites was also retarded, particularly in the case of amorphous calcium phosphate modified with ZrOCl2. Biaxial flexure strength values of composite disks showed that TEOS- and ZrOCl2-amorphous calcium phosphate-filled composites increased in strength by 33% and 21% before immersion and by 25% and 27% after immersion, respectively, compared to unmodified amorphous calcium phosphate composites (controls). All strength increases except TEOS after immersion were significant (p < 0.05). Significance. Properly modified amorphous calcium phosphate fillers can be used to prepare bioactive composites with enhanced mechanical properties for more demanding dental applications without compromising their remineralizing potential.
CD91 up-regulates upon immune stimulation in Xenopus adult but not larval peritoneal leukocytes

CD91, the endocytic receptor for α2-macroglobulin (α2M), mediates the internalization of certain heat shock proteins (hsps) and the cross-presentation of peptides they chaperone by antigen-presenting cells. The phylogenetic conservation of the immunologically active CD91 ligands, α2M and hsps, is consistent with the idea of an ancestral system of immune surveillance. We have further explored this hypothesis by taking advantage of the frog Xenopus, and asked how conserved is CD91 and whether the expression of CD91 is differentially modulated during immune responses of class I-positive adult and naturally class I-negative larvae. We have identified a Xenopus CD91 gene homologue that displays high sequence identity (>65%) with other CD91 homologues and contains an additional distinctive cytoplasmic NPXY motif. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that CD91 homologues branch as a monophyletic group distinct from other LDLRs; this suggests an origin of CD91 contemporary with that of metazoans. A 14-kb transcript is detected by Northern blotting in most adult and larval tissues, including lymphoid tissues. RT-PCR study reveals that CD91 is expressed in most cell types, including adult macrophages, B and T cells as well as in splenocytes and thymocytes from naturally MHC class I negative larvae. CD91 is markedly up-regulated in vivo by adult peritoneal leukocytes following bacterial and viral stimulation; it is constitutively expressed on class I-negative larval peritoneal leukocytes at high levels and cannot be further upregulated by such stimulation. These data are in agreement with a conserved role of CD91 in immunity.
Adult-level insulin binding is present in term fetal rat CNS membranes.

Abstract Insulin binding was measured using partially-purified membranes prepared from the brains of term fetal and adult rats as the source of receptors. The membranes from the fetal rat brains bound at least as much insulin as did those from the adult rats at all concentrations of insulin used. This finding supports our hypothesis that insulin contributes to the postnatal growth of the rat brain.
New Strategies in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Moving to an Entirely Oral, Chemotherapy-Free Upfront Management Approach

Incorporation of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) into the management paradigms of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has markedly improved outcomes. Significant progress occurred in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of APL. ATO, in contrast with ATRA, is capable of eradicating the APL-initiating cells and can result in cure. Preclinical and clinical data confirmed the synergy of ATO and ATRA, and the ATRA-ATO combination was proved noninferior to a standard ATRA-chemotherapy regimen in patients with non-high-risk APL. Oral formulations of arsenic exhibited excellent activity in advanced clinical testing and their combinations with ATRA offer an opportunity for a completely oral, chemotherapy-free regimen for curing APL. Nonetheless, significant challenges remain. Reducing early death due to bleeding complications is an important area of unmet need. Data suggest that delays in initiation of ATRA upon suspecting APL continue to occur in the community and contribute to early mortality. Questions remain about the optimal place and schedule of arsenic in the therapeutic sequence and the role of the oral formulations. Refining the role of minimal residual disease in directing treatment decisions is important. Development of novel targeted agents to treat relapsed disease requires deeper understanding of the secondary resistance mechanisms to ATRA and ATO.
Chronic hepatitis B and other correlates of spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus among HIV-infected people with hemophilia.

Objective: To identify correlates of spontaneous hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection. Design: Baseline (2001–2004) analysis of a cohort study of people with hemophilia. Methods: Detailed questionnaire data were used to identify dates of primary HCV and HIV infections and to categorize sex; race; alcohol use; interferon treatment; hepatitis B virus (HBV) status; and HIV/AIDS history, treatment and current status. Spontaneous HCV clearance was defined as nondetection of HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction assay in paired annual plasma, excluding those treated with interferon. Chi-squared, Fisher exact test, and logistic regression were used to identify correlates of clearance. Results: Among 478 HIV-infected participants, 61 (12.8%) had cleared HCV. Among the 31 participants with chronic HBV (as well as HIV), 16 (51.6%) had cleared HCV. With chronic HBV, HCV clearance was increased 11.2-fold (95% confidence interval, 5.1–24.8), after adjusting for sex, race, and hemophilia severity. Excluding the participants with chronic HBV, the prevalence of HCV clearance was 10.1%; and it was significantly reduced among males (9.7%, P = 0.05), blacks (1.6%, P = 0.01), and participants with severe hemophilia (8.2%, P = 0.02). HCV clearance was not associated with HIV RNA detection in plasma, CD4 cell count, anti-HIV therapy, AIDS history, ages at or years of HIV or HCV infection, or alcohol consumption. Conclusions: HCV clearance is unambiguously and markedly increased with chronic HBV infection among HIV co-infected people.
Functional disability, disability transitions, and depressive symptoms in late life.

Objective: This article addresses how stable functional disability statuses and disability transitions are related to change in depressive symptoms in the elderly. Method: The authors estimate long...
Feedback Inhibition of Key Glycolytic Enzymes in Liver: Action of Free Fatty Acids

Increasing concentrations of sodium octanoate were progressively inhibitory to the activities of glucokinase, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase. Glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases were also markedly inhibited. Other enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as lactate dehydrogenase, phosphohexose isomerase, and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase were not decreased. Among the key glycolytic enzymes, the inhibition of pyruvate kinase by the fatty acid was most marked. The biological significance of the inhibition of the key glycolytic enzymes is interpreted as a feedback inhibitory mechanism in regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis. The mechanism may function for rapid adaptation by which the organism can use the fatty acid level as a metabolic directional switch in decreasing glycolysis and turning on gluconeogenesis.
Studies on oxygen consumption in digenetic Trematodes. II. Effects of two extremes in oxygen tension.

Abstract 1. 1. The rate of oxygen consumption in the adult stage of G. adunca varied with changes in oxygen tension, whereas the cercarial stage was relatively independent of the changes used. 2. 2. In the adult stage the rate decreased over that in air in the presence of 100% oxygen as well as in a medium saturated with a 5% oxygen-95% nitrogen mixture. 3. 3. Adults survived for 24 hours when incubated anaerobically; usually the cercariae died after 12 hours under anaerobic conditions. 4. 4. Neither pure oxygen nor the 5% oxygen mixture was lethal for the adults or the cercariae.
Justice & Racial Conciliation: Two Visions

As we attempt to measure racial progress in America today and chart a path toward further progress, we should look to the vision of Martin Luther King, Jr. Barack Obama has also offered an influential vision of race in America that is similar to and inspired by King's. This essay compares King's and Obama's respective visions for race relations in U.S. society. Both men profess a commitment to racial equality and integration as fundamental ideals; and both provide an astute analysis of the racial realities of his day. However, Shelby's comparison of their visions reveals moral deficiencies in Obama's political philosophy, particularly with regard to the proposed way forward and the worthy principles that would have to be compromised on by following his path. Liberal pragmatism in matters of race may yield some social benefits, but not without moral costs.
Engendered places in prehistory

(1994). Engendered places in prehistory. Gender, Place & Culture: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 169-203.
Reconstitution of alanine acceptor activity from fragments of yeast tRNA-Ala II.

Fragments of the stem of yeast tRNAAlaII are by themselves able to load alanine. The loading is specific for alanine, and the results imply that the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase recognition site may be in the tRNA stem region.
Treatment of malnutrition with 1.1% amino acid peritoneal dialysis solution: Results of a multicenter outpatient study

A peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution containing 1.1% amino acids as the osmotic agent was evaluated in a 3-month randomized, prospective, open-label study in malnourished PD patients. Patients in the treatment group (DAA) received one or two exchanges daily with the amino acid solution, depending on tolerance, in place of glucose solutions. Controls (DD) received their usual therapy with glucose dialysate. Fifty-four DAA and 51 DD patients completed the study. In DAA, but not in DD patients, there was a significant increase at month 3 in serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels and significant decreases in serum potassium (all 3 months) and inorganic phosphorus levels (months 1 and 3), indicating a general anabolic response. Prealbumin and transferrin levels were significantly increased in DAA but not in DD patients at month 1, but the groups did not differ at months 2 and 3. In patients with baseline albumin levels less than 3.5 g/dL (bromcresol green [BCG] method), DAA patients showed increases in albumin, transferrin (months 1 and 2), and prealbumin levels (all 3 months) relative to baseline values, whereas these serum protein levels were unchanged in DD patients, although the changes from baseline did not differ between groups. In this subgroup, midarm muscle circumference (MAMC) did not change in DD or DAA patients. In patients with baseline albumin levels of 3.5 g/dL or greater, DD patients had decreases in albumin and total protein levels at all 3 months and in prealbumin levels at months 1 and 2, relative to baseline. In DAA patients, there were fewer changes in serum proteins. MAMC increased significantly from baseline in DAA but not in DD patients, although changes from baseline did not differ between DAA and DD groups. DAA patients showed no changes in peritoneal membrane transport characteristics. The results indicate that treatment with one or two exchanges daily of this amino acid-based PD solution is safe and provides nutritional benefit for malnourished PD patients.
Biotinylated Thiophene Copolymer – A Novel Biomaterial for LB Film Assembly

The coupling of a photodynamic protein to an electroactive polymer may be employed in opto-electronic signal transduction for optical displays, color mimicking and biosensor applications. We have synthesized a novel biomaterial, biotin-LC-hydrazide substituted poly(3- undecylthiophene-co-3-thienylcarboxaldehyde) [B-PUAT], which is capable of incorporating any biotinylated molecule through a bridging streptavidin protein. A long spacer group between the conjugated polymer backbone and the biotin side group improves monolayer formation at the airwater interface and enhances the material’s ability to bind protein. The LB technique has been employed to couple this biomaterial and streptavidin through the well known biotin-streptavidin complexation. Biotinylated phycoerythrin [B-PE] is incorporated into the above monolayer by binding the unoccupied biotin binding sites on the bound streptavidin.
Gender, play, language, and creativity in preschoolers

This study explored the effects of a child's gender and school setting on preschoolers' language abilities (receptive vocabulary), creativity, and social play. The participants were primarily European-American children who spoke English as a primary language (nine children were bilingual), and were from middle income socioeconomic backgrounds. There were 20 girls and 33 boys. Ages ranged from 3.11 to 6.60 years with a mean age of 4.66 years. On separate occasions, children individually completed the Goodenough-Harris Draw-a-Person Test and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-IV. We also recorded the children's social play using Howes and Matheson's [1992. Sequences in the development of competent play with peers: Social and social pretend play. Developmental Psychology, 28, 961–974] scale. We employed a time sampling approach and also notated the area in which the child was playing. We found that gender and school setting influenced children's language abilities and social play. For example, children in t...
Detection of modifications in the tail of capacitated guinea pig sperm using lectins.

The surfaces of uncapacitated, capacitated, and trypsinized guinea pig sperm have been compared using 10 lectins. A previously described assay was used to assess the degree and pattern of agglutination induced by each lectin. Our method of evaluating the agglutination pattern was significantly improved by observing assay plates with an inverted phase contrast microscope at 200 or 320 × magnification rather than with a dissecting microscope. Following in vitro capacitation or trypsinization, the agglutinability of sperm by SBA, DBA, and WGA increased, and the agglutination pattern induced by SBA, DBA, WGA, and RCA120 changed to a predominantly reticular form. These changes did not occur when sperm were incubated in Ham's F-10, a control medium which does not support capacitation. Since binding of these lectins is inhibited by N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (SBA, DBA), D-galactose (SBA, RCA120, DBA), or N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (WGA), we conclude that surface receptors containing these residues are affected by capacitation. By examining assay plates with an inverted phase contrast microscope, we were able to show that the change in the agglutination pattern for all four lectins was due to an increase in agglutinability of the principal piece of the flagellum. It is suggested that the modification of the principal piece detected by this lectin assay may be important in the development of activated motility. Results further show that capacitation and trypsin treatment affect the sperm surface in a similar manner, and are thus consistent with the idea that a trypsin-like enzyme may modify the sperm during capacitation.
Early Response to Preventive Strategies in the Diabetes Prevention Program

BACKGROUND Recommendations for diabetes prevention in patients with prediabetes include lifestyle modification and metformin. However, the significance of early weight loss and glucose measurements when monitoring response to these proven interventions is unknown.
Silica-Based Nanoparticle Uptake and Cellular Response by Primary Microglia

BackgroundSilica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are being formulated for cellular imaging and for nonviral gene delivery in the central nervous system (CNS), but it is unclear what potential effects SiNPs c...
Compressible unsteady interactions between blade rows.

The effects of compressibility on the unsteady forces generated by the aerodynamic interaction of blade rows in a jet engine are investigated. Both potential-flow interactions and viscous-wake interactions are treated, and the unsteady upwash distributions for these are found in a manner similar to the Kemp-Sears technique for the incompressible-flow problem. The unsteady forces are found from a recently developed theory (by the present author) in which the unsteady incompressible thin-airfoil theory of Sears was extended to the compressible case by using the Matched Asymptotic Expansions technique. The results for all the interactions indicate a significant decrease in the lift forces with increasing Mach number, M until M = 0.9 or so, where the results tend to blow up due to the Prandtl-Glauert stretching involved in deriving the unsteady subsonic thin-airfoil theory.
Voyager flight engineering - Preparing for Uranus

Two Voyager spacecraft are currently engaged in exploration of the outer solar system with Voyager 2 scheduled to conduct the first close-up investigation of the planet Uranus during the period November 4, 1985 through March 3, 1986. Flight engineering for the Voyager project has the objectives of delivering a functioning spacecraft containing observing sequences to the right places at the right times. Due to the changing environment as the mission has progressed outward from Jupiter to Saturn to Uranus (and on to Neptune), this engineering task has included the development of significant new capabilities. The paper utilizes the case-study method to examine some new spacecraft capabilities in three subsystems: data, attitude and articulation control, and power. The implementation of a new navigational data-type, delta DOR, is also reviewed. An overview is given of the Voyager sequencing process for the cruise and encounter phases with a case study focusing on late updating of part of the near encounter sequence. The prospective mission to Neptune is previewed.