cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of gender on the sympathetic neural adjustments to alterations in systemic oxygen levels in humans

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether gender influences the muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSA) and systemic cardiovascular adjustments to alterations in systemic oxygen levels. To accomplish this, we performed direct (intraneural) measurements of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in 11 male and seven female young healthy adults during room air breathing, moderate isocapnic hypoxaemia and hyperoxaemia. During hypoxaemia, arterial oxygen saturation declined similarly in men and women. The magnitudes of the peak increases in MSA and stimulus-response 'gain' were not different between groups. However, the women had a shorter latency of response (P < 0.05). Women also demonstrated a greater increase in heart rate and a modest elevation in diastolic blood pressure, whereas the ventilatory responses were identical in the two groups. During normoxic recovery, MSA returned to baseline more quickly in women than in men (P < 0.05). During hyperoxaemia, muscle sympathetic nerve activity decreased only in the men (P < 0.05). Heart rate decreased slightly (P < 0.05) in both men and women, whereas blood pressure and minute ventilation were unchanged from normoxic control levels. Our findings fail to support an effect of gender on the peak muscle sympathetic nerve activity response to moderate isocapnic hypoxaemia in healthy young adult humans, although women demonstrate a shorter latency for sympathoexcitation and recovery under these conditions. In response to hyperoxaemia, women fail to demonstrate the sympathoinhibition consistently observed in men, possibly because of the low resting levels of MSA characteristic of young adult women. Thus, gender appears to contribute to the interindividual variability in sympathetic and cardiovascular responses to alterations in systemic oxygen levels.
Obesity and the role of gut and adipose hormones in female reproduction

Reproductive function declines at both extremes of human energy balance. The relationship between obesity and reproductive function is complex and incompletely understood. The literature has established the negative impact of excess energy stores on ovulatory function and investigated the mechanisms whereby this occurs. Furthermore, weight loss in obese anovulatory women increases ovulation and conception. Obesity and anti-obesity therapy effects on the endometrium, implantation and early fetal development have received less attention. The discovery of adipokines and enterokines greatly expands the ability to investigate the relationship between obesity, therapies to produce weight loss and reproductive function. In this review, we discuss select adipose and enteric signals. We focus on in vitro, animal and human data that lend biological plausibility to adipokines and enterokines as mediators of obesity and reproduction. Very little published work exists that directly addresses adipocyte and enteric signals in this specific role; therefore, much of this review is on the basis of a synthesis of the literature in three areas: (i) in vitro and in vivo evidence regarding the reproductive effects of these signals; (ii) adipokine and enterokine changes that occur with weight-loss therapies, focusing on hypocaloric diets, bariatric surgery and drugs that target adipocyte or enteric signals and (iii) reproductive changes produced by these weight-loss therapies.
Identification and Characterization of a New Class of Bilin Lyase THE cpcT GENE ENCODES A BILIN LYASE RESPONSIBLE FOR ATTACHMENT OF PHYCOCYANOBILIN TO CYS-153 ON THE β-SUBUNIT OF PHYCOCYANIN IN SYNECHOCOCCUS SP. PCC 7002

Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 and all other cyanobacteria that synthesize phycocyanin have a gene, cpcT, that is paralogous to cpeT, a gene of unknown function affecting phycoerythrin synthesis in Fremyella diplosiphon. A cpcT null mutant contains 40% less phycocyanin than wild type and produces smaller phycobilisomes with red-shifted absorbance and fluorescence emission maxima. Phycocyanin from the cpcT mutant has an absorbance maximum at 634 nm compared with 626 nm for the wild type. The phycocyanin β-subunit from the cpcT mutant has slightly smaller apparent molecular weight on SDS-PAGE. Purified phycocyanins from the cpcT mutant and wild type were cleaved with formic acid, and the products were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. No phycocyanobilin chromophore was bound to the peptide containing Cys-153 derived from the phycocyanin β-subunit of the cpcT mutant. Recombinant CpcT was used to perform in vitro bilin addition assays with apophycocyanin (CpcA/CpcB) and phycocyanobilin. Depending on the source of phycocyanobilin, reaction products with CpcT had absorbance maxima between 597 and 603 nm as compared with 638 nm for the control reactions, in which mesobiliverdin becomes covalently bound. After trypsin digestion and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, the CpcT reaction product produced one major phycocyanobilin-containing peptide. This peptide had a retention time identical to that of the tryptic peptide that includes phycocyanobilin-bound, cysteine 153 of wild-type phycocyanin. The results from characterization of the cpcT mutant as well as the in vitro biochemical assays demonstrate that CpcT is a new phycocyanobilin lyase that specifically attaches phycocyanobilin to Cys-153 of the phycocyanin β-subunit.
Psychological Structure and Neural Correlates of Event Knowledge

Humans are capable of storing and retrieving sequences of complex structured events. Here we report a study in which we establish the psychological structure of event knowledge and then use parametric event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify its neural correlates. We demonstrate that event knowledge is organized along dissociable dimensions that are reflected in distinctive patterns of neural activation: social valence (amygdala and right orbitofrontal cortex), experience (medial prefrontal cortex) and engagement (left orbitofrontal cortex). Our study affirms the importance and uniqueness of the human prefrontal cortex in representing event knowledge.
Antiradiation Compounds XV: Condensations of Carbon Disulfide with Amino, Chloro, Cyanomethyl, and Sulfonamido Heterocycles

Condensations of carbon disulfide were carried out with amino, chloro, and diamino heterocycles to give condensed ring thiazoline-2-thiones and imidazoline-2-thiones, with cyanomethyl heterocycles to give dithio acid derivatives, and with heterocyclic sulfonamides to give sulfonyldithiocarbamates. Of several examples tested, pyrido[3,2-d]thiazoline-2-thione, disodium 2-(5-chloro-2-thienyl)-3,3-dimercaptoacrylonitrile, triethylammonium 4-sulfamoylphenyldithiocarbamate, ammonium β-phenethyldithiocarbamate, and methyl N-(thiophene-2-sulfonyl)dithiocarbamate, only the last-named compound showed any radiation protection for mice. Several compounds gave negative tests for antimalarial activity.
A divergence-free vector field model for imaging applications

Biological soft and fluid tissues, due to the high percentage of water, are nearly incompressible and consequently their velocity fields are nearly divergence-free. The two most commonly used types of vector field representation are piece-wise continuous representations, which are used in the finite element method (FEM), and discrete representations, which are used in the finite difference method (FDM). In both FEM and FDM frameworks divergence-free vector fields are approximated, i.e. they are not exactly divergence-free and both representation types require a relatively large number of degrees freedom. We showed that a continuous, divergence-free vector field model can effectively represent myocardial and blood velocity with a relatively small number of degrees of freedom. The divergence-free model consistently outperformed the thin plate spline model in simulations and applications with real data. The same model can be used with other incompressible solids and fluids.
Heart Failure Prevention and Team-based Interventions

There is substantial opportunity to reduce health care costs through prevention of heart failure. Team-based management of medical homes and large populations will be important for the success of any prevention interventions. Clinical trials of treatment are needed to show that heart failure is reduced by treatment. A team-based approach to treatment of asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) can work well with the availability of electronic medical records and a population approach to health. Attention should be given to optimizing risk factor reduction and preventive treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and β-blockers if LVSD is present.
Duplex Imaging for the Detection of Renal Artery Stenosis

To determine the accuracy of ultrasonic duplex scanning in detecting and classifying renal artery stenosis, we compared the results of duplex scanning with arteriograms in 41 patients with a total of 74 arteries available for comparison. By using a peak systolic velocity of more than 180 cm/s, duplex scanning was able to discriminate between normal and diseased renal arteries with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 90%. Since blood flow velocity across an area of narrowing will increase is roughly proportional to the degree of narrowing, it appeared that the ratio of peak systolic velocity in the area of stenosis to that in the aorta (RAR) of greater than 3.5 predicted the presence of a more than 60% diameter reduction of the renal artery. Using a RAR of 3.5, duplex scanning agreed in 44 renal arteries the sensitivity was 92%. In the 26 renal arteries in which the lesions were less than 60% by arteriography, duplex scanning agreed in 16 arteries and correctly detected an area of focal narrowing in nine of the 10 remaining vessels. Ten of the 11 occluded renal arteries were correctly identified by duplex scanning. Duplex scanning identified the location of the renal artery stenosis with an accuracy of 95%. We believe the data shows that duplex scanning is an accurate method of detecting renal artery stenosis and provides a suitable method of estimating the degree of narrowing.
Asymmetric Context-Dependent Mutation Patterns Revealed through Mutation–Accumulation Experiments

Despite the general assumption that site-specific mutation rates are independent of the local sequence context, a growing body of evidence suggests otherwise. To further examine context-dependent patterns of mutation, we amassed 5,645 spontaneous mutations in wild- type (WT) and mismatch-repair deficient (MMR(-)) mutation-accumulation (MA) lines of the gram-positive model organism Bacillus subtilis. We then analyzed>7,500 spontaneous base-substitution mutations across B. subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Mesoplasma florum WT and MMR(-) MA lines, finding a context-dependent mutation pattern that is asymmetric around the origin of replication. Different neighboring nucleotides can alter site-specific mutation rates by as much as 75-fold, with sites neighboring G:C base pairs or dimers involving alternating pyrimidine-purine and purine-pyrimidine nucleotides having significantly elevated mutation rates. The influence of context-dependent mutation on genome architecture is strongest in M. florum, consistent with the reduced efficiency of selection in organisms with low effective population size. If not properly accounted for, the disparities arising from patterns of context-dependent mutation can significantly influence interpretations of positive and purifying selection.
Children and disaster planning: national commission findings.

On the Commission Web site, there is a list of useful resources on children and disasters, which includes a list of ageappropriate shelter supplies for infants and toddlers, information of how to help children cope emotionally after a natural disaster, a description of how to set up a mobile medical unit at a disaster site, how to create a child-friend spaces program in an evacuation center, and how to facilitate reunification IMAGINE A FIRE that affects a local school or childcare center. The evacuation of children younger than 18 years is going to be very different from other types of evacuations. Although some children may understand the severity of the situation, younger children may be incapable of understanding the dangers around them. They may be unable to make critical decisions affecting their safety. They may need to rely on others to take care of their needs, both during and after the emergency. Health care providers must be prepared to address the evacuation and short-term sheltering of children with age-appropriate supplies such as diapers, cribs, and baby food. Reunification becomes an issue because it is important that children be returned to their guardians as quickly as possible. This article focuses on the findings and recommendations of the National Commission on Children and Disasters, which were released late last year. The statistics regarding emergency response procedures for children are sobering. Only 25% of emergency medical services have the equipment and supplies to treat children properly in an emergency (www.childrenanddisasters.acf. hhs.gov). The stockpile of Tamiflu for children was exhausted within months of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, demonstrating how understocked these preventative measures for children are in the Strategic National Stockpile (www.cdc.gov/phpr/stockpile.htm). These statistics illustrate the fact that in the event of a large-scale disaster, the country may not be prepared to facilitate the safety and protection of this vulnerable group. Children comprise approximately 26% of the U.S. population, so it is extremely important that emergency medical personnel
The preparation of school psychologists for crisis intervention

School psychologists (N = 276, 81% return rate) were surveyed regarding the following aspects of crisis intervention: (a) university preparation, (b) continuing professional development, and (c) current involvement with school crisis plans and crisis teams. Of those receiving university training, 58% believed they were minimally prepared or not at all prepared to deal with school crises. Only 2% reported being well prepared or very well prepared. Data analyses indicated increased university training in recent years, particularly with practicum/internship experiences related to crisis intervention. Approximately 81% of school psychologists participated in local training for crisis intervention as part of continuing professional development. Although 91% of school psychologists worked in districts with crisis plans in place, only 53% participated on crisis teams. Suicide, violence, and school district crisis plans were recommended as high priority topics for future academic training. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of gold nanoparticles: Influences of volatile organic vapors and particle core dimensions

Abstract Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of hexanethiolate-protected gold nanoparticles was studied in the presence of volatile organic vapors. The particles were immobilized onto a Au(1 1 1) surface that was modified with a hexanethiol self-assembled monolayer. It was found that particle dimensions played a critical role in dictating the STS behaviors in response to exposure to organic vapors, with the optimal core diameter around 4.9 nm. This was interpreted on the basis of solvent penetration into the nanoparticle/self-assembled monolayer interface and the resulting manipulation of nanojunction capacitance and resistance. These fundamental insights may be exploited as a sensing mechanism for chemical vapor detection.
Orbit ephemeris monitors for category I LAAS

This paper describes sufficient methodologies to monitor GPS satellite orbit ephemeris for Category I aircraft precision approach navigation. In the absence of a satellite maneuver, it is shown that a monitor based on the projection of previously validated ephemeris parameters is adequate to meet navigation integrity and availability requirements. After scheduled stationkeeping maneuvers, no previously validated ephemerides are available, so a measurement-based method is required. The feasibility of such a monitor is also established.
Bishop Gardiner, Machiavellian*

Some years ago my attention was drawn by Professors Paul Kristeller and William Nelson of Columbia University to two manuscripts – one in the Bibliotheque Publique de Besancon and the other in the Escorial – of a text that appeared to be the last work of Stephen Gardiner, a leading conservative churchman, diplomat and publicist in the Henrician period, and, from 1553 until his death in 1555, Mary Tudor's chancellor. The text is in Italian, and is titled Ragionamento dell’advenimento delli inglesi et normanni in Britannia – ‘ A discourse on the coming of the English and Normans to Britain’. The translator, George Rainsford, worked from an English original now lost, and appended to the Gardiner text his own Ritratto d'Ingliterra or ‘Description of England’; he dedicated the composite volume to Philip II, among whose books the Escorial manuscript had been. The dedication is dated 16 March 1556, some four months after Gardiner's death. Both the Gardiner text and the Rainsford appendix have now been published.
High Breakdown ( $> \hbox{1500\ V}$ ) AlGaN/GaN HEMTs by Substrate-Transfer Technology

In this letter, we present a new technology to increase the breakdown voltage of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown on Si substrates. This new technology is based on the removal of the original Si substrate and subsequent transfer of the AlGaN/GaN HEMT structure to an insulating carrier wafer (e.g., glass or polycrystalline AlN). By applying this new technology to standard AlGaN/GaN HEMTs grown on Si substrate, an AlGaN/GaN HEMT with breakdown voltage above 1500 V and specific on resistance of 5.3 mΩ·cm2 has been achieved.
Return autocorrelations in the stock markets

This article investigates the return autocorrelation in four stock markets around the Asia-Pacific rim: the USA, Japan, Taiwan and South Korea. The results indicate that there are conditional return autocorrelation in Taiwan's and South Korea's stock markets for daily data. Moreover, there are negative relationships between autocorrelation and two factors (trading volume and return volatility) significantly in Taiwan and South Korea, implying that the stock markets in Taiwan and South Korea are not as efficient as those in developed countries (the USA and Japan). For weekly data, however, none of the above four markets has significant return autocorrelation.
Editorial---We Must Rethink Service Encounters

There are many definitions of service in the literature, all of which are more or less based on the same fundamental concept: service is an application of relevant knowledge, skills, and experiences that benefits both service providers and customers. From the customer’s perspective, the encounter of a service or “moment of truth” is often the service itself (Bitner et al. 1990). However, from the perspective of a system, service is a process of transformation of the customer’s needs utilizing the operations’ resources, in which dimensions of customer experience manifest themselves in the themes of a service encounter or service encounter chain (Qiu 2013).
Vibration suppression of distributed parameter flexible structures by Integral Consensus Control

Abstract Integral Consensus Control (ICC) is proposed and implemented in this paper for the first time, as a novel approach for vibration control in distributed parameter flexible structures. The ICC consists of multiple parallel first-order lossy integrators, with the goal of targeting all major participating resonant modes in the oscillation of the structure. The vibration control design is taken to a different level, by integrating the concept of consensus control design into the new dynamics. Each control patch on the flexible structure is considered as a node of a network, and a communication topology with consensus control terms are augmented in the controller design dynamics. The result is an effective vibration controller, which is also robust to failures and inconsistencies in the control system. A cantilever is used as a sample flexible structure to investigate the control method. Multi-agent representation of the system, state estimator dynamics and the ICC model are designed for the structure. Extensive numerical simulations have been conducted to show the suppression performance of the ICC under different input disturbances. A comparative study is presented to show the advantage of the decentralized design over the conventional centralized approach. The new consensus control design provides new possibilities to vibration control problems, where an effective, robust and synchronized suppression is needed.
Recent Advances in Thymic Hormone Research

The essential role of the thymus gland in the development of a competent immune system was established by experiments in which it was found that the surgical removal of the thymus within 24 hours after birth, resulted in a dramatic impairment of the immune function (1,2). Neonatal thymectomy was also accompanied by a high incidence of early death due primarily to overwhelming infections. Additionally, recent evidence suggests that the thymus gland might be critical not only in mediating lymphocyte maturation and differentiation, but also in maintaining a normal immune balance by modulating normal immune response (3–12).
Tetra-μ-acetato-κO:O'-bis-{[2,2-dimeth-yl-N-(pyridin-2-yl)propanamide-κN]copper(II)}(Cu-Cu).

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Cu2(C2H3O2)4(C10H14N2O)2], reveals a dinuclear CuII complex located about a center of inversion. The coordination environment of each CuII cation is distorted octa­hedral, composed of four bridging acetate ligands, an apical pyridine donor and is completed by a Cu—Cu bond. The amide H atom forms intra­molecular hydrogen bonds to two carboxyl O atoms. In the crystal, weak inter­molecular pyridine–amide C—H⋯O inter­actions are also present.
Detecting emotions in social media: a constrained optimization approach

Emotion detection can considerably enhance our understanding of users' emotional states. Understanding users' emotions especially in a real-time setting can be pivotal in improving user interactions and understanding their preferences. In this paper, we propose a constraint optimization framework to discover emotions from social media content of the users. Our framework employs several novel constraints such as emotion bindings, topic correlations, along with specialized features proposed by prior work and well-established emotion lexicons. We propose an efficient inference algorithm and report promising empirical results on three diverse datasets.
A new data structure for finding maximum frequent itemset in online data mining

Frequent itemset mining is the first step of association rule mining. Association rule mining in online data mining is one of the most chalanging task due to data stream. A data stream is a huge, infinite, continuous, fast changing and rapid sequence of data elements. Traditional techniques for finding frequent itemset required many passes but stream data require only one scan over the data for finding frequent itemset so it is essential to use online algorithms for streaming data. This paper proposes an algorithm as well as a data structure for finding maximum frequent itemset in online data mining. A data structure consists of a tree which known as Ordered Tree. The structure of Ordered Tree such as it has 26 path if the item coded in alphabets, each path starts with a alphabetical letter and ends with the character Z. When we have more unique items then the coding can be with the numeric numbers. This Tree also known as multi path Tree, in which every node connected to their same neighbour node. Every transaction insert into Ordered Tree in sorted form and perform online frequent itemset mining. The proposed algorithm works online as well as offline. Experiment Result shows it as better algorithm for online and offline frequent itemset mining.
Complex Predicates are Multi-Word Expressions

Practitioners of English Natural Language Processing often feel fortunate because their tokens are clearly marked by spaces on either side. However, the spaces can be quite deceptive, since they ignore the boundaries of multi-word expressions, such as noun-noun compounds, verb particle constructions, light verb constructions and constructions from Construction Grammar, e.g., caused-motion constructions and resultatives. Correctly identifying and handling these types of expressions can be quite challenging, even from the viewpoint of manual annotation. This talk will review the pervasive nature of these constructions, touching on Arabic and Hindi as well as English. Using several illustrative examples from newswire and medical informatics, current best practices for annotation and automatic identification will be described, with an emphasis on contributions from predicate argument structures.
An increased HLA DR2 frequency is seen in aplastic anemia patients

The underlying etiology of aplastic anemia is unknown in the majority of patients, although medications, chemical exposure, or viral infections can be implicated in some. Genetic susceptibility to a variety of diseases has been shown and it has recently been suggested that aplastic anemia is more common in individuals who are HLA DR2+ than in the general population. To examine this question, we retrospectively analyzed the results of HLA-DR typing in 75 aplastic anemia patients who received antithymocyte globulin (ATG) therapy or an HLA-matched sibling bone marrow transplant at UCLA between 1978 and 1989. Thirty-one patients were DR2+, a 1.9-fold higher incidence than the expected number of 16.6 patients (P < .0005). Of the 37 patients who received ATG, 33 were evaluable for a response; 14 patients had either a complete (4 patients) or partial (10 patients) response, for an overall response rate of 42.4%. Of the 14 DR2+ patients who received ATG, 7 responded, for a 50% response rate, which is not significantly higher than the response rate for the DR2- patients (7 of 19 [36.8%]; P = .50). The median survival of patients who are DR2+ was slightly, but not significantly, longer than that of the DR2- patients in the ATG group (P = .19). Although the incidence of HLA DR2 was clearly increased in these patients with aplastic anemia, response rates to ATG were not significantly different in the DR2+ and DR2- patients.
Writing the Proposal—the Application Phase

The only aspect of the entire grant-getting process totally under your control is writing your proposal. Fashions in grants come and go as in everything else. What organizations clamored to support yesterday goes begging today because of national and international crises, natural disasters, or political vicissitudes. There is nothing the grant seeker can do to change that. But no matter what the political or social climate, or what the current “glamor” field may be, every applicant has it in his power to prepare and submit a first class proposal.
Efficacy of spray applications of entomopathogenic fungi against western flower thrips infesting greenhouse impatiens under variable moisture conditions

Abstract Laboratory bioassays of three entomopathogenic fungi ( Beauveria bassiana strain GHA, Metarhizium brunneum strain F52, and Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. strain ESC-1) were conducted against 2nd-instar nymphs of Frankliniella occidentalis. All three fungi were highly virulent, with respective LC 50 s of 193, 140, and 72 conidia/mm 2 of treated leaf surface. Efficacy tests were conducted against thrips infesting small plots of Impatiens walleriana on open greenhouse benches under variable moisture conditions. Multiple spray applications of fungal conidia suspended in 0.01% Silwet® were made at a high rate of 2 × 10 14 conidia/ha at 3–5-day intervals, and efficacy was assessed from twice-weekly samples of both flowers and foliage. During tests, moisture conditions were modified via controlled sprays of water onto the concrete floor beneath the greenhouse benches for a period of ca. 40 h (from the evening through the second night) following each application (post-spray period). Efficacy of the pathogens expressed as percent reduction of the combined populations of thrips nymphs and adults relative to spray-carrier controls was ultimately correlated to greenhouse environmental conditions. Mean relative humidity (RH) over all test days was a strong predictor of thrips control on foliage (R 2 = 0.820) and flowers (R 2 = 0.756). Fungal efficacy was most strongly and consistently predicted by moisture conditions during the post-spray periods. The single best predictor was mean number of hours during post-spray periods when RH was ⩾80% (R 2 foliage = 0.834; R 2 flowers = 0.908). The three fungi produced similar levels of thrips control under comparable moisture conditions. Maintenance of 80% RH for ca. 25 h during post-spray periods resulted in >70% control of thrips in foliage. Substantially longer periods of high humidity (35 h) were required to achieve comparable control in flowers. Control ⩾ 70% in both foliage and flowers prevented pest populations from increasing. Aspects of the impatiens crop that create a challenge for thrips control using fungal entomopathogens are described and discussed.
Genetic Properties of R Factors Associated with Epidemic Strains of Shigella dysenteriae Type I from Central America and Salmonella typhi from Mexico

genetically compared with the R factors carried by the Salmonella typhi responsible for the 1972 outbreak of typhoid fever in Mexico. R factors from both genera confer the same pattern of resistance to chloramphenicol (Cm), streptomycin (S), sulfonamide (Su), and tetracycline (Tc) on their hosts. When introduced into an Escherichia coli recipient, the levels of resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals were identical except that the Shigella R factor provided slightly greater resistance to Cm. Both R factors are of the fi- phenotype and do not restrict or modify bacteriophage. However, E. coli harboring the Shigella R factors were found to have approximately 1,000-fold higher frequencies of transfer into drug-sensitive E. coli and S. typhi. Despite the differences mentioned above, the two epidemic R factors share many similarities, and thus a common ancestry is suspected.
HARDY'S MEMORIAL ART: IMAGE AND TEXT IN WESSEX POEMS

Thomas Hardy noted regretfully: “Few literary critics discern the solidarity of all the arts” (Florence Hardy 300). An architect self-educated in art history by visits to London museums, an avid reader of John Ruskin, keenly alive to music and responsive to the ornamental sculpture and painting of Gothic buildings, Hardy believed in a composite muse. After ceasing to write novels, in which he had included numerous painterly allusions and references to specific art works, he overtly probed the image/text relation in his 1898 debut volume of poetry: Wessex Poems and Other Verses, by Thomas Hardy, with 30 Illustrations by the Author. Although a reading experience dependent upon the original aesthetic interplay that Hardy had designed was destroyed in most subsequent printings, the first edition's partnership of image and text remains absolutely central to the book's multiple meanings. Indeed, Hardy's images and words should be regarded as inseparable, since they interact in what W. J. T. Mitchell has called a “composite art form” (83, 89).
Not with Eloquent Wisdom: Democratic Ekklēsia Discourse in 1 Corinthians 1–4:

For the most part, scholars have disregarded the influence of the democratic, civic ekklēsia on Paul’s discussion over speech and wisdom in 1 Cor. 1–4. Yet the notion of the civic ekklēsia served as a source of practice, identity and democratic discourse in the early Roman Empire. Moreover, speech proved to be a critical topos of democratic rhetoric, a topos structuring the nature of citizen participation and leadership in the ekklēsia context. Reading 1 Cor. 1–4 in light of ekklēsia discourse provides new insights into Paul’s rhetoric as designed to establish his authority by negotiating with a community that understood itself as a powerful, democratic assembly.
A MELUS Interview: Harriette Arnow

In 1934, following two years as a student at Kentucky's Berea College, two years at the University of Louisville (where she received the B. S. degree in 1930) and several years teaching in schools in various parts of Kentucky (some in oneroom schools in the Cumberland backwoods which would be the setting of her most critically acclaimed novels), Harriette Simpson left her home in Burnside, Kentucky, and moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, determined to be a writer. As she writes:
HARBOR AND COASTAL PROBLEMS ON THE EAST GULF COAST

The "East Gulf Coast" discussed herein embraces the coast of the Gulf of Mexico from Cape Sable, Florida, generally northerly and westerly to the Rigolets, Louisiana (See Figure 1). So far as concerns Federal waterway improvements, the section is under the jurisdiction of the South Atlantic Division, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Array, Atlanta, Ga. That section in Florida as far northward as the mouth of the Aucilla River is administered by the District Engineer, Jacksonville, Fla,; thence westerly to the Rigolets, by the District Engineer, Mobile, Ala.
Macrophage bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 depletion in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and Group III pulmonary hypertension

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal lung disease of unknown etiology. The development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is considered the single most significant predictor of mortality in patients with chronic lung diseases. The processes that govern the progression and development of fibroproliferative and vascular lesions in IPF are not fully understood. Using human lung explant samples from patients with IPF with or without a diagnosis of PH as well as normal control tissue, we report reduced BMPR2 expression in patients with IPF or IPF+PH. These changes were consistent with dampened P-SMAD 1/5/8 and elevated P-SMAD 2/3, demonstrating reduced BMPR2 signaling and elevated TGF-β activity in IPF. In the bleomycin (BLM) model of lung fibrosis and PH, we also report decreased BMPR2 expression compared with control animals that correlated with vascular remodeling and PH. We show that genetic abrogation or pharmacological inhibition of interleukin-6 leads to diminished markers of fibrosis and PH consistent with elevated levels of BMPR2 and reduced levels of a collection of microRNAs (miRs) that are able to degrade BMPR2. We also demonstrate that isolated bone marrow-derived macrophages from BLM-exposed mice show reduced BMPR2 levels upon exposure with IL6 or the IL6+IL6R complex that are consistent with immunohistochemistry showing reduced BMPR2 in CD206 expressing macrophages from lung sections from IPF and IPF+PH patients. In conclusion, our data suggest that depletion of BMPR2 mediated by a collection of miRs induced by IL6 and subsequent STAT3 phosphorylation as a novel mechanism participating to fibroproliferative and vascular injuries in IPF.
Neural transplants. effects On startle responses in neonatally MSG-treated rats.

Abstract Neonatal monosodium glutamate (MSG) treatment has been associated with disfunctions in stress responses. Therefore, the present study aimed at examining the acoustic startle response (ASR) in MSG-treated rats and the effects of fetal neural transplantation. Male and female rats were given MSG (4 mg/g) or saline on alternate days from days 2–10 after birth. To determine whether fetal transplants could reverse behavioral impairments observed in MSG-treated rats, at 12 days of age MSG-treated rats received either arcuate nucleus (AN), cortical fetal grafts, or sham surgery into the third ventricle. ASR amplitude was measured at 35–40 days of age, and again in adulthood. MSG produced the expected decrease in the density of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the AN area. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons/fibers were not affected by MSG. Pituitary atrophy was observed in all MSG rats. We report a permanent increase in the amplitude and reduction in short-term habituation of ASR in all MSG-treated rats. No effect was observed on long-term habituation in male rats. Cortical, but not AN tissue significantly reduced the magnitude of ASR in MSG animals. The results are discussed in terms of the central pathways mediating ASR, in particular hypothalamo-amygdala connections. It is considered that nonspecific factors mediate recovery produced by cortical tissue grafts, as observed in other models of neural transplan-tation.
Monitoring the health of mechanical systems with smart materials: signal processing issues

Smart structures generally consist of abase material (e.g., composite) containing large numbers of embedded and interconnected sensors, actuators, and processors. With these embedded components, smart structures have a built-in ability to sense and respond to environmental stimuli without requiring externally mounted transducers. Research is currently underway to develop smart structures for a variety of applications, including the self-diagnosis of the structure for damage detection and health monitoring. Industries that have a particular interest in this area include aerospace, marine, ground transportation, power utilities, and manufacturing. In recent years, the research has focused on the materials science issues related to embedding the transducers. However, significant barriers still remain that are preventing wide spread use of smart materials for health monitoring. This paper will discuss the barriers caused by the difficult problem of integrating and processing the wealth of information from the large numbers of transducers.
Retention in Care Services Reported by HIV Care Providers in the United States, 2013 to 2014.

Objectives:Evidence-based guidelines recommend that HIV care providers offer retention-in-care services, but data are needed to assess service provision.Methods:We surveyed a probability sample of ...
Chemically Preintercalated Bilayered KxV2O5·nH2O Nanobelts as a High-Performing Cathode Material for K-Ion Batteries

Tailoring the structure of the electrode material through chemical insertion of charge-carrying ions emerged as an efficient approach leading to enhanced performance of energy storage devices. Here, we for the first time report the effect of chemically preintercalated K+ ions on electrochemical charge storage properties of bilayered vanadium oxide (δ-V2O5) as a cathode in nonaqueous K-ion batteries, a low-cost alternative to Li-ion batteries, which is attractive for large-scale energy storage. δ-K0.42V2O5·0.25H2O with expanded interlayer spacing of 9.65 A exhibited record high initial discharge capacity of 268 mAh·g–1 at a current rate of C/50 and 226 mAh·g–1 at a current rate of C/15. K-preintercalated bilayered vanadium oxide showed capacity retention of 74% after 50 cycles at a constant current of C/15 and 58% capacity retention when the current rate was increased from C/15 to 1C. Analysis of the mechanism of charge storage revealed that diffusion-controlled intercalation dominates over nonfaradaic cap...
History of Concussion Diagnosis, Differences in Concussion Reporting Behavior, and Self-Described Reasons for Non-Report

Purpose:Assess whether athletes with a prior concussion diagnosis are more likely to continue play with a possible concussion. Additionally, explore whether reasons for concussion under-reporting are different among athletes with a prior concussion when compared to other athletes. Methods:Cross-sectional survey of 328 collegiate athletes. Results:Athletes with a prior concussion diagnosis had significantly greater relative risk of continuing play while symptomatic of a possible concussion during their most recent season compared to athletes without prior concussion diagnosis. Significant differences exist in the reasons that athletes provided for not reporting by history of concussion. Conclusions:Findings suggest that learning may have occurred as a result of the prior diagnosis; however, this learning did not appear to result in safer reporting behavior. Additional research is necessary to clarify why athletes who have been previously diagnosed with a concussion are more likely to continue playing while...
Watchful Waiting as a Treatment Strategy in Patients with Asymptomatic Inguinal Hernia

An inguinal hernia is one of the most common diseases known to mankind, and inguinal herniorrhaphy is the most commonly performed general surgical procedure in the world. Approximately one-third of these inguinal hernias are asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic. These asymptomatic hernias have historically been treated surgically due to the fear of complications such as strangulation or bowel obstruction. This concept has been challenged in the last 10 years based on two randomized, controlled trials that have compared a strategy of watchful waiting (WW) for asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic inguinal hernias to routine repair. Initial results from both studies demonstrated no significant increase in emergency hernia surgery in the group that underwent WW. However, in the long-term analysis, it was found, by both groups independently, that eventually the majority in the watchful waiting group would cross over to surgery due to progression of symptoms, most commonly pain and discomfort.
The effects of race and comorbidity on clinical diagnosis in patients with psychosis.

Background For several years, studies have indicated that schizophrenia is overdiagnosed in nonwhite patients with psychosis. Whether these reports have altered racial diagnostic patterns in clinical settings remains uncertain. We hypothesized that the clinical overdiagnosis of schizophrenia in nonwhite patients persists in the public sector. Further, we explored whether differences between races in secondary (comorbid) diagnoses contribute to discrepancies in primary diagnoses. Method Data were obtained by retrospective chart reviews of 173 patients with psychotic disorders discharged during a recent 7-month period from a large state psychiatric hospital. Demographic and clinical variables were obtained from the medical records. All clinical information had been recorded by the treatment teams without knowledge of this study. Only black and white racial subgroups were represented in this sample. Results Black patients were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia than white patients (odds ratio = 5.1), and men were more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia than women (odds ratio = 1.9). This racial pattern was observed even in the subgroup of patients hospitalized for the first time (odds ratio = 7.0). Neither the type nor frequency of comorbid diagnoses significantly differed between races. Additionally, black patients received higher doses of antipsychotic medication. Conclusion Black patients with psychosis are significantly more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia than similar white patients in the public sector. This may reflect underdiagnosis of affective illness in black patients. Additionally the higher doses of antipsychotic medication that black patients received may alter clinical presentation and contribute to this discrepancy in diagnosis.
Finding-NEVO: Toward Radical Design in HCI

We address the methodology of design-oriented research in HCI, whereby researchers design and implement technology to test concepts. The task is to produce a testable prototype (that we call NEVO, Non-Embarrassing Version One) that faithfully embodies the concept. We probed leading HCI researchers and CHI authors about the challenge of Finding NEVO. We found uncertainty on how to design prototypes that allow for both design and scientific contributions. We propose the Finding-NEVO model that articulates a process yielding prototypes that are faithful to the rationale and idea being studied. We conclude by discussing our theoretical and methodological contributions.
Representations associated to minimal co-adjoint orrits

The minimal dimensional co-adjoint orbits are determined for the real and complex classical Lie groups, and the representations associated to them by methods of geometric quantization are discussed. Some new computational methods are developed for the classical Lie algebras.
Assessment of medical students' leadership traits in a problem/case-based learning program.

Background: Healthcare delivery is shifting to team-based care and physicians are increasingly relied upon to lead and participate in healthcare teams. Educational programs to foster the developmen...
In silico simulations of occurrence of transcription factor binding sites in bacterial genomes

Interactions between transcription factors and their specific binding sites are a key component of regulation of gene expression. Until recently, it was generally assumed that most bacterial transcription factor binding sites are located at or near promoters. However, several recent works utilizing high-throughput technology to detect transcription factor binding sites in bacterial genomes found a large number of binding sites in unexpected locations, particularly inside genes, as opposed to known or expected promoter regions. While some of these intragenic binding sites likely have regulatory functions, an alternative scenario is that many of these binding sites arise by chance in the absence of selective constraints. The latter possibility was supported by in silico simulations for σ54 binding sites in Salmonella. In this work, we extend these simulations to more than forty transcription factors from E. coli and other bacteria. The results suggest that binding sites for all analyzed transcription factors are likely to arise throughout the genome by random genetic drift and many transcription factor binding sites found in genomes may not have specific regulatory functions. In addition, when comparing observed and expected patterns of occurrence of binding sites in genomes, we observed distinct differences among different transcription factors. We speculate that transcription factor binding sites randomly occurring throughout the genome could be beneficial in promoting emergence of new regulatory interactions and thus facilitating evolution of gene regulatory networks.
The Correction of Quantitative Variables: Covariance

This chapter discusses the correction of quantitative variables, that is, covariance. A number of quantitative variables may affect the precision of vitamin assays that cannot be segregated readily by restrictions in the design. While factors can be balanced by assigning animals to doses with the aid of a Latin square, computation as a Latin square does not measure satisfactorily their effect upon the precision of an assay. Covariance will show whether a suspected quantitative factor has a real effect and then will correct it efficiently. However, by covariance it is possible to determine an adjustment for body weight that will minimize the error in a given assay. Sometimes an arbitrary correction may be concealed in the response used for measuring potency. The original measurements consist of the weight of the fat-extracted bone and its weight after ashing. Their combination into a percentage ash implies that the logarithm of the ash content increases proportionately with the logarithm of the organic content lost in ashing. Covariance is also of value in testing the validity of hidden assumptions and in selecting a more efficient criterion for measuring vitamin potency.
Ultrasensitive Phototransistor Based on Multi-layered MoTe2

Here, we demonstrate a back-gated MoTe2 phototransistors with a mobility (1cm2/V·s) and ON/OFF ratio (3×102) at room temperature.