cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructure of experimentally produced globoid cells in the rat

Abstract Globoid cells are large, frequently multinucleated, macrophages with a characteristic ultrastructural appearance which develop in the white matter of the nervous system in human globoid cell leucodystrophy (Krabbe's disease). The present light and electron microscopic study demonstrates that experimental globoid cells, morphologically indistinguishable from those occurring in the spontaneous human disease, can be produced in the rat by intracerebral injection of cerebrosides. Current concepts on the pathogenesis of globoid cell leucodystrophy are discussed in relationship to this finding.
The psychotrimine natural products have antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and act via membrane disruption

The psychotrimine natural products have antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and act via membrane disruption
A New Method for the Synthesis of H4-BINOL

A method amenable to the gram scale synthesis of (R)-H4-BINOL, a derivative of (R)-BINOL and ligand of interest in asymmetric catalysis, is described. The key step is the net partial hydrogenation of (R)-BINOL made possible by prior bis-etherification of the parent BINOL.
Zero ischemia robotic partial nephrectomy: sequential preplaced suture renorrhaphy technique.

Objective To describe a robotic partial nephrectomy (PN) technique that eliminates renal global ischemia while decreasing parenchymal bleeding. Methods Before tumor resection, a suture is placed through the parenchyma adjacent to the tumor and deep to the planned edge of resection. The tumor resection is begun between the tumor edge and the preplaced suture and continued along the excision margin until some bleeding is encountered. A second suture is placed into the already excised parenchyma. This is repeated until the mass is completely excised, while suturing the parenchyma simultaneously. Results Fourteen patients underwent this technique between April 2008 and January 2013 by a single surgeon. Median age was 66 years and 64.3% (N = 9) were men. Median body mass index (BMI) was 27.5 Kg/m 2 . Median radius, endophytic, nearness to collecting system, anterior/posterior, and location (RENAL) nephrometry score was 6.5. Median tumor size excised off clamp was 2.2 cm. Three patients had multiple tumors; 2 having a warm ischemia time (WIT) of 14.5 and 15 minutes. Median estimated blood loss (EBL) was 192.5 mL. Median operative time was 160 minutes. There were no Clavien grade 3 or 4 complications. One patient had a postoperative ileus and 1 patient had a blood transfusion and deep vein thrombosis. One patient had a positive tumor parenchymal margin, but negative excisional bed margin. Median hospital stay was 3 days and median follow-up was 8.4 months. Conclusion Sequential preplaced suture renorrhaphy technique is a safe and effective technique that may be useful in renal function preservation by limiting or eliminating WIT while aiding in maximizing nephron preservation, especially in those patients with solitary kidneys and multiple tumors.
Hetero-oligomeric Assembly of P2X Receptor Subunits SPECIFICITIES EXIST WITH REGARD TO POSSIBLE PARTNERS

P2X receptors are a distinct family of ligand-gated ion channels activated by extracellular ATP. Each of the seven identified subunit proteins (P2X1 through P2X7) has been reported to form functional homo-oligomeric channels when expressed in heterologous systems. Functional studies of native receptors, together with patterns of subunit gene expression, suggest that hetero-oligomeric assembly among members of this family may also occur. This prediction is supported by reports describing hetero-oligomeric assembly for three different recombinant subunit combinations. In this report, we systematically examined the ability of all members of the P2X receptor family to interact using a co-immunoprecipitation assay. The seven P2X receptor subunits were differentially epitope-tagged and expressed in various combinations in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. It was found that six of the seven subunits formed homo-oligomeric complexes, the exception being P2X6. When co-assembly between pairs of subunits was examined, all were able to form hetero-oligomeric assemblies with the exception of P2X7. Whereas P2X1, P2X2, P2X5, and P2X6 were able to assemble with most subunits, P2X3 and P2X4presented a more restricted pattern of co-association. These results suggest that hetero-oligomeric assembly might underlie functional discrepancies observed between P2X responses seen in the native and recombinant settings, while providing for an increased diversity of signaling by ATP.
A Case of Abdominal Pain, Hypoxia and Clubbing

Cyanotic congenital heart disease is often diagnosed in infancy. Here we present a case of a 19-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain, hypoxia and clubbing. She was found to have a splenic infarct on CT scan. The splenic infarct was caused by an emboli from the right side of the circulation that traveled across a communication between the right pulmonary artery and the left atrium. This lesion has only been cited in 23 adult cases [ 1 ]. When the communication was identified on transthoracic echocardiogram, she was diagnosed with cyanotic congenital heart disease and the etiology for her clubbing was discovered. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jmc966w
Is There a Future for Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease After Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke and Intracranial Stenosis (SAMMPRIS)

The Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke and Intracranial Stenosis (SAMMPRIS) trial, a randomized clinical trial comparing aggressive medical management to stenting with aggressive medical management for symptomatic intracranial stenosis, was prematurely halted when a high rate of periprocedural events was found in the stent arm. The trial also demonstrated a high rate of stroke with medical management. This article explores possible reasons for these outcomes and discusses some weaknesses of the trial. Against this background endovascular therapy should continue to be explored in the treatment of this disease.
Lunar theory and processes - Chemical observations by Surveyor V

Lunar surface material composition examination by Surveyor 5, discussing formation of surface
Structure-activity relationships for osteolathyrism: II. Effects of alkyl-substituted acid hydrazides

Abstract A series of 8 alkyl-substituted acid hydrazides were assayed for their toxicity and teratogenicity using early embryos of the frog Xenopus laevis. Each acid hydrazide was able to induce the connective tissue defect osteolathyrism. The 96-h toxicity (Log LC50) and 96-h teratogenicity (log EC50) endpoints are correlated with hydrophobocity measured by the fragment substitution constant (Fr). These relationships suggest the rate limiting step is the ability of the chemical to reach the site of action. However, the teratogenic index (LC50/EC50) is negatively correlated with molar refractivity (MR), a substituent corrected molar volume term. This latter relationship suggests steric hindrance.
Mycoplasmal panencephalitis: a neuropathologic documentation

Mycoplasmas, particularly Mycoplasma pneumoniae, have been implicated as causative agents in a large variety of central nervous system diseases, especially acute childhood encephalitis. Postulated pathomechanisms for mycoplasma-mediated neurological disease have included: direct infection, autoimmunity, and vascular occlusion. Neuropathologic data are meager and are reviewed. We report a 3-year-old boy, who developed signs and symptoms of encephalitis 7 days after the onset of fever with cough and death 5 days later. At autopsy, he displayed diffuse vasogenic edema and perivascular to infiltrative inflammatory cells, the latter most prominent in gray matter of brainstem and amygdala. The predominant cell was the CD68-positive macrophage, followed by the T-lymphocyte. Cells immunolabeled with a polyclonal antibody to M. pneumoniae included perivascular to parenchymal macrophages/microglia, occasional oligodendrocytes, and neurons, particularly in brainstem. Affected neurons varied from morphologically normal to profoundly degenerate and necrotic. Ultrastructural study of the inferior olive confirmed the presence of 260–600 nm cell-wall-free microorganisms, consistent with mycoplasma, in perivascular cells and neurons. Foci of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis also were rarely identified. This case report confirms the postulated role of direct infection of brain by mycoplasma in acute childhood encephalitis, but also reveals a virus-like infection of central neurons. The pathogenesis of acute childhood encephalitis due to mycoplasma seems to be multifactorial.
Prevention of Lens Protein–, Endotoxin– , and Interleukin– 1– induced uveitis with chalcone derivatives

Yao Q-S, Varma RS, Liu SXL, Chiou GCY. Prevention of lens protein-, endotoxin-, and interleukin-1-induced uveitis with chalcone derivatives. Inflammopharmacology. 1994;2:401-409. In order to develop potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, a new class of agents unrelated to those known to inhibit the arachidonate cascade were investigated. Most of the chalcone derivatives studied, including flavanone hydrazone (RCV/FLV 574), 2’-(o-hydroxyphenol)-5-phenylpyrazoline (RCV-556Pz), 2’-acetoxychalcone-iV-monoacetylhydrazone (RVC-576) and 7V-(o-hydroxybenzoyl) morpholine (RVC-570), inhibited lens protein-induced ocular inflammation effectively at a dose level of 1% (50 μ1 as did prednisolone. Flavanone hydrazone (RCV/FLV 574) was the only compound among all these derivatives which inhibited endotoxin- and interleukin-1 (IL-1)-induced uveitis at 3 mg/kg ip tid this being approximately 7-fold more potent than prednisolone at 20 mg/kg ip tid. It is concluded that a non-steroidal non-arachidonate-mediated potent anti-inflammatory agent based on this compound could be developed with IL-1 blocking activity. However, flavanone hydrazone was rather toxic at effective doses tested. Modification of the chemical structure to reduce its side-effects would, therefore seem essential.
The nature of oxidants and antioxidant systems in the inhibition of mutation and cancer

Abstract We briefly review current concepts with regard to the nature of oxygen-derived oxidants in biological systems. Of these substances, hydroxyl radicals derived from hydrogen peroxide seem most likely to be involved in the various stages of carcinogenesis. Hydrogen peroxide detoxification, primarily through glutathione activity, is essential in preventing hydroxyl-radical formation. Transittion metals such as iron play a central role in this latter process. Alternations in cellular macromolecules are most likely to take place if hydroxyl-radical formation is directed toward specific intranmolecular sites by appropriately sequestered metals. For this reason, repair and turnover events are apt to be more important protective devices than are the actions of molecules which scavenge hydroxyl radicals. Although many cellular constituents are potential targets in free-radical and oxidant attacks leading to carcinogenesis, nucleic acids have been most extensively studied in this connection. On the basis of these investigations, it is a facile conclusion that oxidants might be involved in the early events of carcinogenesis as well as in transformation or promotion. The literature on antioxidants in chemoprevention in animals is supportive of such a role. However, other biochemical effects of antioxidants should raise a note of caution in the interpretation of animal experiments.
Using a relativistic electron beam to generate warm dense matter for equation of state studies

Experimental equation-of-state (EOS) data are difficult to obtain for warm dense matter (WDM)-ionized materials at near-solid densities and temperatures ranging from a few to tens of electron volts-due to the difficulty in preparing suitable plasmas without significant density gradients and transient phenomena. We propose that the Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test (DARHT) facility can be used to create a temporally stationary and spatially uniform WDM. DARHT has an 18 MeV electron beam with 2 kA of current and a programmable pulse length of 20 ns to 200 ns. This poster describes how Monte Carlo n-Particle (MCNP) radiation transport and LASNEX hydrodynamics codes were used to demonstrate that the DARHT beam is favorable for avoiding the problems that have hindered past attempts to constrain WDM properties.
Factors Affecting the Sensitivity and Accuracy of the Phosphatase Test

Summary In studies of effects of buffer concentrations, pH values, and incubation temperatures during different time periods on sensitivity and accuracy of phosphatase tests, direct comparisons were made by means of the Sanders-Sager test, the Cornell test, and a modification referred to as the Sanders-Hupfer test. In 1-and 18-hour tests on milk and 1-hour tests on cured Cheddar cheese, the S-S method yielded the highest values. In 18-hour tests on cheese, the S-H modification yielded the highest values and the Cornell method the lowest. The optimal pH for 18-hour incubation in these methods was found to be 9.5-9.6, as shown by Cornell workers using an 18-hour test, rather than pH 10 of the 1-hour S-S and S-H methods. In 18-hour tests on cheese, the S-S method with a diluted buffer, incubation pH about 9.6, yielded the highest values. With the usual buffers in each test the optimal temperature for 18-hour incubation was found to be lower (31-32° C.) than for 1-hour incubation (37-38° C. or slightly above). With relatively high pH during incubation the optimal temperature for 18-hour tests was relatively low. Buffers of relatively great ionic concentration retarded the enzyme activity but the concentration of carbonate-bicarbonate buffers did not affect the optimal temperature. For maximum enzyme activity it is necessary to correctly adjust buffer concentration, pH, and incubation temperature. With buffers not too concentrated, it was found possible to compensate for pH variations by adjusting the incubation temperature correspondingly, thereby increasing the sensitivity and accuracy of a "universal" test. The quantity of phenol liberated in the 18-hour S-S method at 32° C. was. linearly proportional to raw milk concentration up to approximately 1%. The average 18-hour test values on milk and cheese for the three different methods were more than six times the 1-hour values. To correspond with a 2 γ criterion for the 1-hour test, the data suggest that the criterion for pasteurization for the 18-hour test should be approximately 12 γ .
Synchronous Starting of Motor from Generator of Small Capacity

The results are presented of a computer study of the synchronous starting of a synchronous pumped storage generator motor from a generator having approximately 15 percent of the motor's capacity. In synchronous starting both motor and generator are initially at rest with excitation applied. The effects of system parameters such as armature circuit resistance, generator saturation, relative excitation on the two machines, amortisseur characteristics, initial starting angle, motor friction torque, gate leakage torque, and rate of application of torque were studied. Some of the more important conclusions are: synchronous starting with a generator of 15 percent size is entirely feasible, the most important electrical parameter is the generator armature resistance, a good amortisseur is desirable on the motor, there is a maximum generator torque that can usefully be applied, and any higher torque may simply cause the generator to run away. Gate leakage torque can be a more serious limitation than friction torque.
Automatic language analysis and identification based on speech production knowledge

A language analysis and classification system that leverages knowledge of speech production is proposed. The proposed scheme automatically extracts key production traits (or “hot-spots”) that are strongly tied to the underlying language structure. Particularly, the speech utterance is first parsed into consonant and vowel clusters. Subsequently, the production traits for each cluster is represented by the corresponding temporal evolution of speech articulatory states. It is hypothesized that a selection of these production traits are strongly tied to the underlying language, and can be exploited for language ID. The new scheme is evaluated on our South Indian Languages (SInL) corpus which consists of 5 closely related languages spoken in India, namely, Kannada, Tamil, Telegu, Malayalam, and Marathi. Good accuracy is achieved with a rate of 65% obtained in a difficult 5-way classification task with about 4sec of train and test speech data per utterance. Furthermore, the proposed scheme is also able to automatically identify key production traits of each language (e.g., dominant vowels, stop-consonants, fricatives etc.).
Does intra-operative radiation at the time of pelvic exenteration improve survival for patients with recurrent, previously irradiated cervical, vaginal, or vulvar cancer?

Abstract Objective To determine whether intra-operative radiation therapy (IORT) at the time of pelvic exenteration (PE) or laterally extended endopelvic resection (LEER) improves progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with recurrent, previously irradiated gynecologic cancers. Methods We conducted a single institution retrospective review of patients who had undergone a complete PE for locally recurrent gynecologic cancer. Demographic and clinicopathologic data were collected. Results 32 patients were identified (2000–2012); 21 (66%) cervical cancer, 8 (25%) vaginal, and 3 (9%) vulvar cancer. All patients were previously irradiated. Twenty-one (66%) received IORT. Mean age was 51. Eight patients had a LEER, all with IORT. Median PFS and OS, respectively, for those with PE alone was 33 and 41 vs. 10 and 10months for PE+IORT compared to 9 and 17months for LEER+IORT ( P =.04). Increasing tumor size negatively impacted PFS (hazard ratio 1.3; 95%CI 1.12–1.52). Margin status was not associated with survival. No patients undergoing LEER+IORT recurred only locally whereas 62% recurred with a distant component (+/− local). Patients with PE alone had mainly local (36%) and few (9%) distant recurrences compared to 31% local and 38% distant (+/− local) recurrences for those with PE+IORT. Conclusions We failed to demonstrate that IORT changes survival and recurrence outcomes. However, patients with clinical indications for IORT at the time of PE have worse prognosis compared to those who do not require IORT. If the need for IORT is anticipated, the surgeon may consider performing a LEER to decrease local recurrence if cure is the goal or consider palliative treatment options.
Fluctuations and long-range order in finite-temperature pion condensates

We study the stability of the neutral and charged pion-condensed phases of nuclear matter against fluctuations of the order parameter. At finite temperatures pion condensates with an order parameter varying in only one dimension are, as we show, prohibited, while such condensates are allowed at zero temperature. Condensates that vary in two and three dimensions can be stable at all temperatures. Another allowed state, which may be favored energetically, is a quasi-ordered one-dimensional condensate characterized by long-range pion field correlations decaying only algebraically in space; insufficient experimental resolution may, however, limit one's ability to distinguish such a one-dimensional structure from true one-dimensional long-range order. Finally, we calculate the normal modes and the pion propagator in a charged one-dimensional running-wave condensate, explicitly illustrating the effect of long-range Coulomb forces on the order-parameter fluctuations.
Team-oriented software practicum

New computer science graduates are inadequately prepared to apply their abstract knowledge, and they have rarely worked in the teams required in modern business. To remedy these shortcomings and alleviate the low motivation that often accompanies the first years of college, we proposed that a pilot group of entering freshmen should be formed into a four-year experimental team. Unlike traditional course-at-a-time approaches, this supplements the existing curriculum by integrating material across courses through team construction of software projects. Under the guidance of faculty and graduate student mentors, students work cooperatively on projects related not just to programming but to the entire lifecycle of software production, from market analysis to revision based on technical support. Initial projects are team-oriented and scaled to the capabilities of entering students while final projects span the product development cycle and involve several semesters of effort. Industrial representatives provide a practical perspective by presenting seminars on special topics and evaluating student projects in light of professional standards. This type of experiment provides the industrial community with students better prepared to face the challenges of professional software development. It also offers consolidated learning, enhanced student retention, significant student-faculty involvement, and the potential to identify learning experiences that may be usefully integrated into existing courses. >
Long-range strategic planning: is it for everyone?

With the increasing rapidity and complexity of administrative actions, there is a need for more “proactive management”. Long-Range Strategic Planning (LRSP) is a recent management tool which offers opportunities for more effective and efficient operations. If top-level administrators are to be more than crisis-oriented, they will need to become long-range planners. This article describes what LRSP is, why it might be needed, and lastly suggests a model for developing and implementing such plans. LRSP can be a basic administrative tool in having continued effectiveness in many organizations.
Comprehension, recall, and dyslexia: A proposal for the application of schema theory

Evidence suggesting that dyslexia is a multifaceted syndrome is beginning to accumulate. Furthermore, a reexamination of some literature suggests that in addition to having word recognition problems, some dyslexics may also have problems understanding language. Whereas there is a rather extensive literature on word recognition, and even on word understanding, few studies have examined the problems dyslexics may have in understanding and remembering connected discourse. This paper explores issues related to certain possible problems of comprehension and recall among dyslexics and proposes a new direction for research through the application of schema theory.
Two-stage stochastic unit commitment model including non-generation resources with conditional value-at-risk constraints

Abstract This paper presents a two-stage stochastic unit commitment (UC) model, which integrates non-generation resources such as demand response (DR) and energy storage (ES) while including risk constraints to balance between cost and system reliability due to the fluctuation of variable generation such as wind and solar power. This paper uses conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) measures to model risks associated with the decisions in a stochastic environment. In contrast to chance-constrained models requiring extra binary variables, risk constraints based on CVaR only involve linear constraints and continuous variables, making it more computationally attractive. The proposed models with risk constraints are able to avoid over-conservative solutions but still ensure system reliability represented by loss of loads. Then numerical experiments are conducted to study the effects of non-generation resources on generator schedules and the difference of total expected generation costs with risk consideration. Sensitivity analysis based on reliability parameters is also performed to test the decision preferences of confidence levels and load-shedding loss allowances on generation cost reduction.
Comparison of Characteristics of Vietnam Veterans with and without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Characteristics of 107 Vietnam veterans with and without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), who had been exposed to varying levels of combat, were compared. Severity of psychopathology as assessed on the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, locus of control orientation as measured by the Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Control Scale, and ability to have provided structure and meaning to the Vietnam experience were examined. Compared to veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, those without the disorder had lower Neuroticism and Psychoticism scores, were more internal in their locus of control orientation, and were more likely to have shown ability to provide structure to the Vietnam experience. The additional finding that veterans with high combat experience but without PTSD evidenced less neuroticism than low combat veterans without PTSD provides evidence that those who did not develop the disorder despite high exposure to combat stress are individuals with exceptional emotional strength and resilience.
Targeting thyroid cancer microenvironment: basic research and clinical applications

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and its incidence has increased considerably over the past few decades (1). This Research Topic is devoted to understanding the molecular mechanism of human thyroid cancer, with an emphasis on translation to the clinic. The original research papers assembled here probe the pathogenetic pathway from a wide range of approaches, including: (1) the role of microenvironment in thyroid cancer, (2) the role of deiodinases and epigenes leading to thyroid cancer, (3) functional studies of genetic mutations that shed insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of papillary thyroid micro-carcinoma or carcinoma (PTC), (4) genome-wide studies that describe patho-physiological mechanisms for thyroid cancer, and (5) epidemiological studies of thyroid cancer incidence and (6) the influence of environmental factors on development of human PTC.
Krüppel-like factors in cancer

Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of DNA-binding transcriptional regulators with diverse and essential functions in a multitude of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, migration, inflammation and pluripotency. In this Review, we discuss the roles and regulation of the 17 known KLFs in various cancer-relevant processes. Importantly, the functions of KLFs are context dependent, with some KLFs having different roles in normal cells and cancer, during cancer development and progression and in different cancer types. We also identify key questions for the field that are likely to lead to important new translational research and discoveries in cancer biology.
Resolved: Fistulas Are Preferred to Grafts as Initial Vascular Access for Dialysis

There is growing concern that the Fistula First Initiative, KDOQI guidelines, and subsequent pressure from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services lack reasonableness regarding likely success for fistula maturation in a heterogeneous, new-onset dialysis population. Here the various positions are examined from multiple perspectives.
Pulse height model for deuterated scintillation detectors

Abstract An analytical model of light pulse height distribution for finite deuterated scintillation detectors is created using the impulse approximation. Particularly, the energy distribution of a scattered neutron is calculated based on an existing collision probability scheme for general cylindrical shaped detectors considering double differential cross-sections. The light pulse height distribution is analytically and numerically calculated by convoluting collision sequences with the light output function for an EJ-315 detector from our measurements completed at Ohio University. The model provides a good description of collision histories capturing transferred neutron energy in deuterium-based scintillation materials. The resulting light pulse height distribution details pulse compositions and their corresponding contributions. It shows that probabilities of neutron collision with carbon and deuterium nuclei are comparable, however the light pulse amplitude due to collisions with carbon nuclei is small and mainly located at the lower region of the light pulse distribution axis. The model can explore those neutron interaction events that generate pulses near or below a threshold that would be imposed in measurements. A comparison is made between the light pulse height distributions given by the analytical model and measurements. It reveals a significant probability of a neutron generating a small light pulse due to collisions with carbon nuclei when compared to larger light pulse generated by collisions involving deuterium nuclei. This model is beneficial to understand responses of scintillation materials and pulse compositions, as well as nuclei information extraction from recorded pulses.
A multi-criteria decision-making methodology for optimum selection of a solid modeller for design teaching and practice

This study proposes the use of a multi-criteria decision-making approach by design educators and practitioners to optimally select a solid modelling software for varying objectives. In order to propose the methodology a literature review to compile the criteria used for selecting solid modellers, a preliminary comparison of solid modellers on established criteria, an experiment to compare the user performance on predetermined solid modelling functions, the formulation of the software selection problem as a multi-criteria decision-making problem, and a review of multi-criteria decision-making tools were completed. The methodology proposed employs the Analytic Hierarchy Process. This paper documents the entire methodology. The set of outcomes of the study is expected to aid companies and design educators in making solid modeller selection decisions.
Do aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cause false-positive fecal occult blood test results? A prospective study in a cohort of veterans.

Purpose To determine whether use of regular aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is a risk factor for a false-positive fecal occult blood test result. Methods Consecutive patients referred for colonoscopy for a positive fecal occult blood test result at a Veterans Affairs hospital were eligible. Patients with hematochezia, peptic ulcer disease, or unevaluated dyspepsia requiring antacids, or who used warfarin, were excluded. Regular aspirin and NSAID use was defined as at least one daily dose for at least 3 days per week. Colonoscopic findings unlikely to explain a positive test result alone were defined a priori as diverticulosis, hemorrhoids, or polyps Results The sample comprised 193 veterans with a mean (± SD) age of 66 ± 10 years; 98% were male and 86% were white. No colonoscopic findings explained the positive fecal occult blood test result in 153 patients (79%). One hundred and thirty-five patients (70%) were regular aspirin or NSAID users, of whom 21% (n = 29) had findings to explain the positive test results, compared with 19% (11/58) of nonusers ( P = 0.7). There was no relation between aspirin dose and colonoscopic findings unlikely to explain a positive test result. Multivariate analysis found no association between regular aspirin or NSAID use and a false-positive test result (odds ratio=0.85; 95% confidence interval: 0.39 to 1.84). Conclusion Aspirin and NSAID use were not risk factors for a false-positive fecal occult blood test result in this study.
The Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder

The most scientifically appropriate conclusion to draw from the body of research on dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is that it is probably useful in producing initial improvement on multiple variables relevant to outcome in borderline personality disorder, particularly parasuicidal behavior. These are promising and clinically relevant findings. However, its genuine efficacy in producing changes that last after the treatment has been discontinued is unknown. A major gap in the literature is the absence of any follow-up data at intervals appropriate for assessing the efficacy of a treatment for a disorder that is chronic by definition. The gap between the data and widespread beliefs about the efficacy of DBT is not, however, specific to DBT. A recent metaanalysis suggests that similar disparities are the norm in most research on empirically supported therapies, such as brief treatments for depression.
Mutant N143P reveals how Na+ activates thrombin.

The molecular mechanism of thrombin activation by Na+ remains elusive. Its kinetic formulation requires extension of the classical Botts-Morales theory for the action of a modifier on an enzyme to correctly account for the contribution of the E*, E, and E:Na+ forms. The extended scheme establishes that analysis of kcat unequivocally identifies allosteric transduction of Na+ binding into enhanced catalytic activity. The thrombin mutant N143P features no Na+-dependent enhancement of kcat yet binds Na+ with an affinity comparable to that of wild type. Crystal structures of the mutant in the presence and absence of Na+ confirm that Pro143 abrogates the important H-bond between the backbone N atom of residue 143 and the carbonyl O atom of Glu192, which in turn controls the orientation of the Glu192-Gly193 peptide bond and the correct architecture of the oxyanion hole. We conclude that Na+ activates thrombin by securing the correct orientation of the Glu192-Gly193 peptide bond, which is likely flipped in the absence of cation. Absolute conservation of the 143–192 H-bond in trypsin-like proteases and the importance of the oxyanion hole in protease function suggest that this mechanism of Na+ activation is present in all Na+-activated trypsin-like proteases.
Response of upper limb blood flow to handgrip exercise after Blalock-Taussig operation (for tetralogy of Fallot) or subclavian flap operation (for aortic isthmic coarctation).

Abstract To evaluate the effects of long-term reductions in perfusion pressure on blood flow responses to increased functional demand, 5 patients (aged 12 to 26 years) without normal aortic to subclavian artery blood flow to 1 arm as a result of surgery to treat congenital heart disease were studied. Five age- and sex-matched healthy (control) subjects were also studied. In the patients, forearm blood flow was not different in the surgical and normal arms at rest (3.6 ± 0.6 vs 4.0 ± 0.7 ml/min/100 ml, respectively, mean ± standard error, difference not significant) despite lower systolic blood pressure in the surgical arm (87 ± 2 vs 115 ± 2 mm Hg, p
Homotypic Gap Junctional Communication Associated with Metastasis Suppression Increases with PKA Activity and Is Unaffected by PI3K Inhibition

Loss of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) between cancer cells is a common characteristic of malignant transformation. This communication is mediated by connexin proteins that make up the functional units of gap junctions. Connexins are highly regulated at the protein level and phosphorylation events play a key role in their trafficking and degradation. The metastasis suppressor breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) upregulates GJIC and decreases phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. On the basis of these observations, we set out to determine whether there was a link between PI3K and GJIC in tumorigenic and metastatic cell lines. Treatment of cells with the well-known PI3K inhibitor LY294002, and its structural analogue LY303511, which does not inhibit PI3K, increased homotypic GJIC; however, we found the effect to be independent of PI3K/AKT inhibition. We show in multiple cancer cell lines of varying metastatic capability that GJIC can be restored without enforced expression of a connexin gene. In addition, while levels of connexin 43 remained unchanged, its relocalization from the cytosol to the plasma membrane was observed. Both LY294002 and LY303511 increased the activity of protein kinase A (PKA). Moreover, PKA blockade by the small molecule inhibitor H89 decreased the LY294002/LY303511-mediated increase in GJIC. Collectively, our findings show a connection between PKA activity and GJIC mediated by PI3K-independent mechanisms of LY294002 and LY303511. Manipulation of these signaling pathways could prove useful for antimetastatic therapy.
Shape, albedo, and illumination from a single image of an unknown object

We address the problem of recovering shape, albedo, and illumination from a single grayscale image of an object, using shading as our primary cue. Because this problem is fundamentally underconstrained, we construct statistical models of albedo and shape, and define an optimization problem that searches for the most likely explanation of a single image. We present two priors on albedo which encourage local smoothness and global sparsity, and three priors on shape which encourage flatness, outward-facing orientation at the occluding contour, and local smoothness. We present an optimization technique for using these priors to recover shape, albedo, and a spherical harmonic model of illumination. Our model, which we call SAIFS (shape, albedo, and illumination from shading) produces reasonable results on arbitrary grayscale images taken in the real world, and outperforms all previous grayscale “intrinsic image” — style algorithms on the MIT Intrinsic Images dataset.
LFG semantics via constraints

Semantic theories of natural language associate meanings with utterances by providing meanings for lexical items and rules for determining the meaning of larger units given the meanings of their parts. Traditionally, meanings are combined via function composition, which works well when constituent structure trees are used to guide semantic composition. More recently, the functional structure of LFG has been used to provide the syntactic information necessary for constraining derivations of meaning in a cross-linguistically uniform format. It has been difficult, however, to reconcile this approach with the combination of meanings by function composition. In contrast to compositional approaches, we present a deductive approach to assembling meanings, based on reasoning with constraints, which meshes well with the unordered nature of information in the functional structure. Our use of linear logic as a 'glue' for assembling meanings also allows for a coherent treatment of modification as well as of the LFG requirements of completeness and coherence.
An Overview of Finite-Time Stability

Finite-time stability (FTS) is a concept that was first introduced in the 1950s. The FTS concept differs from classical stability in two important ways. First, it deals with systems whose operation is limited to a fixed finite interval of time. Second, FTS requires prescribed bounds on system variables. For systems that are known to operate only over a finite interval of time and whenever, from practical considerations, the systems’ variables must lie within specific bounds, FTS is the only meaningful definition of stability. This overview will first present a short history of the development of the concept of FTS. Then it will present some important analysis and design results for linear, nonlinear, and stochastic systems. Finally some applications of the theory will be presented.
Eggshell Quality IV: Oystershell versus limestone and the importance of particle size or solubility of calcium source

Results of research from 44 papers comparing oystershell and limestone and the importance of particle size of CaCO3 source on eggshell quality are reviewed. Most of the data suggest that the substi...
Use of globin insulin in Addison's disease associated with insulin-sensitive diabetes.

IN 16 cases of coexisting diabetes mellitus and Addison's disease so far reported in the literature, insulin sensitivity has been a frequent occurrence and has presented a difficult therapeutic problem. In three of the cases reported, diabetes developed after the onset of Addison's disease (1, 2, 3). Simpson's (1) patient had been treated elsewhere with epinephrin injections. Following treatment with adrenal cortical extract, hyperglycemia and glycosuria developed within one month. Insulin was administered. This resulted in severe hypoglycemic reactions from even small doses. The patient eventually came to autopsy and the diagnosis of Addison's disease was substantiated. The patient described by Rhind and Wilson (3) was treated with desoxycorticosterone for one year and then developed diabetes. This individual was the only one of fifteen who was apparently not extremely sensitive to insulin. The patient was taking 60 units of insulin per day and eventually expired in a hypoglycemic convulsion.
On the compaction of cohesive hyperelastic granules

The compaction of cohesive hyperelastic polymeric granules is investigated. Finite strain concentration functions are developed for material models of compressible Mooney Rivlin type, which allow one to analytically estimate, in fact rigorously bound, the progressive reduction of the volume fraction of the porous gap between the granules as a function of increasing applied loading.
Assessment of interprofessional perceptions and attitudes of health professional students in a simulation laboratory setting

Abstract Objective To describe the interprofessional perceptions and attitudes of medical, pharmacy, and nursing students from separate universities involved in a human patient simulation laboratory experience. Methods A survey instrument was administered to medical, pharmacy, and nursing students to determine if interprofessional simulation labs alter participants' attitudes and perceptions of each other. Results Surveys completed by 163 students were analyzed. Some significant differences in perceptions existed between medical and pharmacy students. Review of student comments contributed to understanding survey responses. Conclusions This interprofessional interaction in a simulation laboratory was perceived by health professional students from different universities to be a beneficial experience. Implementation of a similar interprofessional simulation could be considered by other colleges and schools of pharmacy, especially with those who are not part of a large, academic health center.
The ELSI hypothesis.

For the historian of science the current international program aimed at mapping and sequencing the entire human genome can be a bit of a headache. The literature on the Human Genome Project (HGP) is vast and inadequate; the endeavor itself is complicated, involving many institutions and funding sources and demanding at least some technical knowledge of molecular genetics, computational biology, informatics, and medical genetics, not to mention science policy and corporate biotechnology. The project is indecently contemporary, at best eight years old. Meanwhile, genome project promoters (genomics scientists, biologists turned journalists, and actual journalists) have been producing instant histories of the HGP, complete with founding parents and eureka experiences. In these accounts, the anticipated complete map of the human genome, expected by around 2000, commonly appears as a critical medical resource that will make it possible for geneticists to understand and cure genetic disease and, indeed, almost all disease. Such bewitching promises are of course part of an established genre of political narrative that is presumably not taken too seriously, least of all by those making the claims. But they have added poignancy to the public debate, as those afflicted with genetic disease or those who fear their
VPAC1 Targeted 64Cu-TP3805 Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Prostate Cancer: Preliminary Evaluation in Man

Objective To evaluate 64 Cu-TP3805 as a novel biomolecule, to positron emission tomography (PET) image prostate cancer (PC), at the onset of which VPAC1, the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors, is expressed in high density on PC cells, but not on normal cells. Materials and Methods Twenty-five patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were PET/X-ray computerized tomography imaged preoperatively with 64 Cu-TP3805. Standardized maximum uptake (SUVmax) values were determined and malignant lesions (standardized uptake value > 1.0) counted, and compared with histologic findings. Whole-mount pathology slides from 6 VPAC1 PET imaged patients, 3 benign prostatic hyperplasia patients, 1 malignant and 1 benign lymph node underwent digital autoradiography (DAR) after 64 Cu-TP3805 incubation and were compared to hematoxylin- and eosin-stained slides. Results In 25 patients who underwent PET imaging, 212 prostate gland lesions had SUVmax > 1.0 vs 127 lesions identified by histology of biopsy tissues. The status of the additional 85 PET identified prostate lesions remains to be determined. In 68 histologic slides from 6 PET imaged patients, DAR identified 105 of 107 PC foci, 19 of 19 high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias, and ejaculatory ducts and verumontanum involved with cancer. Additionally, DAR found 9 PC lesions not previously identified histologically. The positive and negative lymph nodes were correctly identified, and in 3 of 3 benign prostatic hyperplasia patients and 5 of 5 cysts, DAR was negative. Conclusion This feasibility study demonstrated that 64 Cu-TP3805 delineates PC in vivo and ex vivo, provided normal images for benign masses, and is worthy of further studies.
Abstract TP272: An Association Between Tlr And Jak Signaling Following Cerebral Ischemia: A Translational Approach

Objectives: Toll like receptor (TLR) signaling emerged as a significant pathway in our whole genome peripheral blood study of ischemic stroke patients. In our dataset, TLR signaling is associated with stroke severity, can predict outcome and is influenced by age. The age-mediated effects on TLR expression and kinase signaling in response to cerebral ischemia are not well-characterized. The objective of this project was to confirm and further characterize our clinical findings in a preclinical aged stroke model by analyzing TLR gene expression and the kinase proteome. Methods: An SaBiosciences rat TLR PCR array was used to compare brain and blood gene expression in 3 (n=3) and 18 (n=3) month old rats that underwent embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with tPA reperfusion and sacrificed at 24 hours. Blood samples were collected via femoral artery in Qiagen RNA protect tubes. Rats were perfused and then Brain tissue was collected in RNA later. A Kinetworks Protein Kinase Screen 1.2 was performed on infarcted cortex (n=4). Univariate and multivariate associations between old and young and blood and brain and group differences across sham and treatment were identified by the Mann-whitney U and ANOVA. Results: There was an 85% overlap in TLR related genes when comparing blood and brain. Kinase data revealed HPK1 expression was lowest in old MCAO (p=0.005); Jak2 expression was higher in old MCAO (0.03).There was a differential response of Pkc-a expression after MCAO, where it was increased in the young, but decreased in the aged (0.014). PKA expression increased after MCAO, but was lower in the aged (0.014). Conclusion: Our findings support the use of peripheral blood as a surrogate to monitor the response to cerebral ischemia and emphasize the clinical relevance of using age in preclinical models of ischemia. This data suggests a novel age-related mechanism of cross talk between TLR and JAK2 signaling that may occur through HPK1 and PKA. Additional clinical and preclinical studies are required to confirm this data and better characterize the kinase cross-talk between TLR and JAK2 signaling.
The Fascinating Double Angle Formulas of the Mulatu Numbers

The Mulatu numbers were introduced in [1]. The numbers are sequences of numbers of the form: 4,1, 5,6,11,17,28,45... The numbers have wonderful and amazing properties and patterns. In mathematical terms, the sequence of the Mulatu numbers is defined by the following recurrence relation: The double Angel Formulas for Fibonacci and Lucas numbers are given by the following formulas respectively. Since both the Fibonacci and Lucas numbers have double angle Formulas, It is natural to ask if such formula exist for Mulatu Numbers. The answer is affirmative and produces the following paper. 2000 Mathematical Subject Classification: 11