cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The regulatory role for magnesium in glycolytic flux of the human erythrocyte.

Abstract 31P NMR was used to measure the intracellular free magnesium concentration ([Mg2+]i) in human erythrocytes while [Mg2+]i was changed between 0.01 and 1.2 mM using the divalent cationophore A23187. 13C NMR and [2-13C]glucose were used to determine the kinetic effects of [Mg2+]i by measuring the flux through several parts of the glucose pathway. Glucose utilization was strongly dependent on [Mg2+]i, with half-maximal flux occurring at 0.03 mM. The rate-limiting step was most likely at phosphofructokinase, which has a Km(Mg2+) of 0.025 mM in the purified enzyme. Phosphorylated glycolytic intermediate concentration was also strongly dependent on [Mg2+]i and [MgATP], and glucose transport plus hexokinase may have been partially rate-determining at [Mg2+]i below ∼0.1 mM. The pentose phosphate shunt activity was too low to determine the dependence on [Mg2+]i. Phosphoglycerate kinase and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate mutase fluxes were also measured, but were not rate-limiting for glycolysis and showed no Mg2+ dependence. Human erythrocyte [Mg2+]i varies between 0.2 mM (oxygenated) and 0.6 mM (deoxygenated), well above the measured [Mg2+]i(1/2). It is unlikely, then, that [Mg2+]i plays a regulatory role in normal erythrocyte glycolysis.
Public Significance and Imagined Archaeologists: Authoring Pasts in Context

This paper explores how archaeological authorship is an articulation of the imagined social roles archaeologists play with the actual contexts of our practice. The discovery of popular public discourses on archaeology should not be seen as impediments to pure archaeologies, but as routes to the significance archaeology seeks to attain. A parallel concern with the determining influence of public concerns in ethnography is reviewed to develop a method for an archaeology that is truly publicly formed. An example of a public archaeology program developed in dialogue with existing historical debates in Annapolis, Maryland illustrates.
Single and biphoton imaging and high dimensional quantum communication

Here, we present recent developments in the field of quantum imaging focusing on the high dimensionality aspects of single and biphoton imaging. We discuss some systems that have a "quantum advantage" over classical counterparts. We highlight some recent experiments in single-photon image discrimination, large alphabet quantum key distribution and image buffering.
Recent advances in mid infrared (3-5µm) Quantum Cascade Lasers

Quantum cascade laser (QCL) is an important source of electromagnetic radiation in mid infrared region. Recent research in mid-IR QCLs has resulted in record high wallplug efficiency (WPE), high continuous wave (CW) output power, single mode operation and wide tunability. CW output power of 5.1 W with 21% WPE has been achieved at room temperature (RT). A record high WPE of 53% at 40K has been demonstrated. Operation wavelength of QCL in CW at RT has been extended to as short as 3µm. Very high peak power of 190 W has been obtained from a broad area QCL of ridge width 400µm. 2.4W RT, CW power output has been achieved from a distributed feedback (DFB) QCL. Wide tuning based on dual section sample grating DFB QCLs has resulted in individual tuning of 50cm−1 and 24 dB side mode suppression ratio with continuous wave power greater than 100mW.
Distribution of Liposomes into Brain and Rat Brain Tumor Models by Convection-Enhanced Delivery Monitored with Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Although liposomes have been used as a vehicle for delivery of therapeutic agents in oncology, their efficacy in targeting brain tumors has been limited due to poor penetration through the blood-brain barrier. Because convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of liposomes may improve the therapeutic index for targeting brain tumors, we conducted a three-stage study: stage 1 established the feasibility of using in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to confirm adequate liposomal distribution within targeted regions in normal rat brain. Liposomes colabeled with gadolinium (Gd) and a fluorescent indicator, 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine-5,5'-disulfonic acid [DiI-DS; formally DiIC(18)(3)-DS], were administered by CED into striatal regions. The minimum concentration of Gd needed for monitoring, correlation of infused volume with distribution volume, clearance of infused liposome containing Gd and DiI-DS (Lip/Gd/DiI-DS), and potential local toxicity were evaluated. After determination of adequate conditions for MRI detection in normal brain, stage 2 evaluated the feasibility of in vivo MRI monitoring of liposomal distribution in C6 and 9L-2 rat glioma models. In both models, the distribution of Lip/Gd/DiI-DS covering the tumor mass was well defined and monitored with MRI. Stage 3 was designed to develop a clinically relevant treatment strategy in the 9L-2 model by infusing liposome containing Gd (Lip/Gd), prepared in the same size as Lip/Gd/DiI-DS, with Doxil, a liposomal drug of similar size used to treat several cancers. MRI detection of Lip/Gd coadministered with Doxil provided optimum CED parameters for complete coverage of 9L-2 tumors. By permitting in vivo monitoring of therapeutic distribution in brain tumors, this technique optimizes local drug delivery and may provide a basis for clinical applications in the treatment of malignant glioma.
Controlled Release of Neurotrophin-3 and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor from Fibrin Scaffolds Containing Neural Progenitor Cells Enhances Survival and Differentiation into Neurons in a Subacute Model of SCI:

A consistent problem with stem/neural progenitor cell transplantation following spinal cord injury (SCI) is poor cell survival and uncontrolled differentiation following transplantation. The current study evaluated the feasibility of enhancing embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitor cell (ESNPC) viability and directing their differentiation into neurons and oligodendrocytes by embedding the ESNPCs in fibrin scaffolds containing growth factors (GF) and a heparin-binding delivery system (HBDS) in a subacute rat model of SCI. Mouse ESNPCs were generated from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) using a 4-/4+ retinoic acid (RA) induction protocol. The ESNPCs were then transplanted as embryoid bodies (EBs, 70% neural progenitor cells) into the subacute model of SCI. ESNPCs (10 EBs per animal) were implanted directly into the SCI lesion, encapsulated in fibrin scaffolds, encapsulated in fibrin scaffolds containing the HBDS, neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), or encapsulated in fibrin scaffolds with NT-3 and PDGF with no HBDS. We report here that the combination of the NT-3, PDGF, and fibrin scaffold (with or without HBDS) enhanced the total number of ESNPCs present in the spinal cord lesion 2 weeks after injury. In addition, the inclusion of the HBDS with growth factor resulted in an increase in the number of ESNPC-derived NeuN-positive neurons. These results demonstrate the ability of fibrin scaffolds and the controlled release of growth factors to enhance the survival and differentiation of neural progenitor cells following transplantation into a SCI model.
Potential value of cefoperazone in bacterial meningitis: experimental studies.

To assess the potential value of cefoperazone in treating bacterial meningitis, its pharmacokinetics in the cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits were studied. Cefoperazone penetrated poorly into the cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits with uninflamed meninges, but in the presence of meningitis concentrations increased 2-to 3-fold.
DISTRIBUTION OF ADRENO-GORTICAL (‘AC’) HORMONES IN TISSUES OF THE RAT UNDER NORMAL AND EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS1

THE SYNTHETIC FORMATION of compounds consisting of adrenalin combined with II hormonal sterols, and the presence and chemical determination of such adrenO-cortical (‘AC’) compounds in the blood as natural products of suprarenal secretion have been discussed in a previous paper (1). The following experiments with tissues were carried out by means of a modifica-tion of Shaw’s method (I) originally designed for the determination of ‘adrenalin.’ Only those technical details will be given below which differ from the modification as described for AC determination in blood (1). Four hundred to eight hundred mg. of fresh tissue are washed in physiological saline solution, superficially dried between filter papers and weighed. Then the tissue is placed in a small porcelain mortar containing about i cc. of 10% trichloracetic acid and cut finely with scissors. One small teaspoonful (about 5 gm.) of quarts sand (Ottawa) is added and the tissue and sand are very thoroughly ground with a pestle until a fine brei is formed.
A Comprehensive Typology of Ethnic Identities: Implications for Marketing and Public Policy

Ethnic identity (EI) refers to a sense of camaraderie felt by most people, especially recent immigrants, with others in their ethnic group or with people in other groups. Although research in marketing and public policy has identified EI across various ethnic groups, little consistency exists across studies regarding terminology or theoretical explanations of EI. People under the influence of EI interact with marketers and public policy makers in a triad. Furthermore, each member of this triad can cause (positive or negative) implications for the other two. Beginning from established theory, the authors show that there are at least 12 distinct EIs. Although prior studies have identified these EIs, the authors differentiate all 12 and, using current, accepted theory, show how and why each arises. Finally, using several real-world examples, they show not only how each EI affects people, marketers, and public policy makers but also, and perhaps more importantly, how people, marketers, and public policy maker...
An effect of solute segregation on void growth in irradiated dilute alloys

Abstract Void growth in an irradiated solid-solution or two-phase system can be inhibited if solute segregation near the void surface, induced, say, by a lowering of the surface free energy, simultaneously reduces the diffusion of vacancies relative to self-interstitials. The mechanism is found to be efficient in suppressing void growth when re-solution of second-phase precipitates leads to solute supersaturation, or impurity interstitials are generated by collisions cascades in the matrix. While the effect does not require a precipitated second phase for the impurity/interstitial process, changes in the size of precipitates are shown to provide an independent indication of the solute redistribution.
Learning team behaviors with adaptive heterogeneity

The task of hard-coding agent behaviors to achieve desired team behaviors is very difficult, if not intractable. The complexity of multiagent problems can also rise exponentially with the number of agents and their behavioral sophistication. The field of cooperative multiagent learning promises solutions to these issues by employing automatic search methods to discover agent behaviors, and as such it has been the focus of numerous studies in recent years.
The Risk of Adverse Events Associated With Atropine Administration During Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography in Cardiac Transplant Patients: A 28-Year Single-Center Experience

Background Although dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) is performed in heart transplant patients, the safety profile of atropine administration in DSE in this setting is unclear.
A RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE INTERACTION OF CESIUM IONS WITH OXYANIONS IN CARBONATE MELTS

Abstract The Raman spectra of molten carbonate salts containing salts of other oxyanions including sulfate, molybdate and phosphate, exhibited vibrational bands assigned to carbonate and the other oxyanions. Increments of a cesium salt were added to each mixture to obtain varying values of the cation-dependent parameter log Pα. The variations of log Pα with the frequencies of the Raman bands revealed a trend in the sensitivities of the various oxyanions to the cesium content of the melt that appears to be related to the basicity of the oxyanions. If the interactions that contribute to the observed frequency changes also influence the volatility of cesium in molten carbonates, the results suggest that addition of oxyanions like sulfate, that are significantly less basic than carbonate, will decrease the cesium volatility. This conclusion is consistent with recent studies that showed sulfate salts were effective in lowering the volatility of cesium in molten sodium carbonate at 900°C.
Novel esters on long-chain methyl-branched alcohols in pupae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta : propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, pentanoate and isovalerate

Abstract Isobutyrate (2-methylpropionate) (13 μg/pupa), n-butyrate (3.8 μg/pupa), isovalerate (3-methylbutyrate) (2.4 μg/pupa), propionate (1.9 μg/pupa), and n-pentanoate (0.5 μg/pupa) esters of long-chain methyl-branched alcohols (LMA; C25C32) were identified as minor components of the wax ester fraction of internal lipids of developing male pupae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Propionate esters (2.6 μg/pupa) of very long-chain methyl-branched alcohols (VLMA; C36 to > C44) were also present. The major ester of both the LMA and the VLMA were the acetate esters (750 μg/pupa) (Nelson et al., 1990a). The short-chain acid esters of the LMA were essentially absent at the beginning and end of the pupal stadium. Maximum levels of these esters were reached at approximately midpoint, between days 8 and 10, of the pupal stage. The amount of butyrate plus isobutyrate esters reached a maximum of 17 μg/pupa, the propionate esters rose to about 4.5 μg/pupa and the pentanoate plus 3-methylbutyrate esters reached a level of about 3 μg/pupa.
Adaptation as Hospitality: Shanghai Theatre Academy Winter Institute 2013 Performance Series

The productions of the Shanghai Theatre Academy Winter Institute 2013 performance series ranged from a Yue opera adaptation of Ibsen’s The Lady from the Sea to modern dance theatre to an exhibition by students. Each production worked in a unique way within the framework of the encounter between foreign and local, guest and host. Together they offered a vision of cross-cultural theatrical exchange that is reconstitutive and inclusionary.
Hardness testing on surface layer of material and results analyzing contrastively

Several methods of microhardness and nanoindentation test on the surface layer of material are discussed in this paper. The characteristics and the testing range of several microhardness instruments are introduced. The emphasis of this paper is the differences in essence between microhardness and nanoindentation hardness. At last, using the FEA simulation and nanoindentation test, the quantitative relationship between Vicker microhardness and nanoindentation hardness is given.
Preparation and X-Ray Crystal Structure of (2Z,4E)-5-(4-substituted phenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-ones (Curcumin Analogs) from the Condensation–Elimination of Dilithiated 1-Benzoylacetone with Substituted Benzaldehydes

1-Benzoylacetone 1 was dilithiated with lithium diisopropylamide or lithium hexamethyl-disilazide, and the resulting dianion type intermediate 1a was condensed with (lithium) 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, or 4-chlorobenzaldehyde to afford hydroxyl-β-diketones that were not isolated but underwent linear dehydration to afford products, (2Z,4E)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-one 2 C17H14O3; (2Z,4E)-5-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-one 3 C19H19NO2; and (2Z,4E)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-one 4 C17H13ClO2. Crystals of C17H14O3 2 are orthorhombic, Pna21, a = 20.937(4) A, b = 11.683(3) A, c = 5.490(1) A, Z = 4, V = 1343.1(5) A3, R 1 = 0.0478 and wR 2 = 0.1143 for reflections with I > 2σ(I); crystals of C19H19NO2 3 are monoclinic, P21/c, a = 16.637(3) A, b = 10.736(2) A, c = 9.197(1) A, β = 105.670(5)°, Z = 4, V = 1581.7(5) A3, R 1 = 0.0609 and wR 2 = 0.1491 for reflections with I > 2σ(I); crystals of C17H13 ClO2 4 are monoclinic, P21/c, a = 31.574(6) A, b = 5.780(1) A, c = 7.423(2) A, β = 94.47(3)°, Z = 4, V = 1350.5(5) A3, R 1 = 0.0696 and wR 2 = 0.2423 for reflections with I > 2σ(I). X-ray crystal analysis was essential for identifying which tautomer resulted from the condensation-elimination of dilithiated 1-benzoylacetone with select substituted benzaldehydes to form curcumin analogs, (2Z,4E)-5-(4-substituted phenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-ones. Each crystalline compound showed the same curcumin-enol bonding structural features.
A Novel Gnutella Application Layer Multicast Protocol for Collaborative Virtual Environments over Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Collaborative virtual environments (CVEs) such as massive multiuser 3D games and military training environments can place strict requirements on networks when participating users share the 3D virtual environment through mobile devices in an ad-hoc network. In this paper, the authors show how a CVE application can benefit from the application layer multicast when deployed on the Gnutella peer-to-peer network over an ad-hoc network. The authors propose a protocol called GALM (Gnutella application layer multicast). GALM requires no infrastructure support such as a multicast router to maintain the group state. It has the following characteristics: a) it is adaptable to mobility and network group size by managing the mobile device resources by using gateway node, b) it is reliable; the CVE application can choose at a running time the adequate transport protocol for each data type - for example, using TCP for scene and object data and RTP to send video and audio data, c) it is independent from the lower layer; any link failure or mobility in the physical layer will not affect the application layer, eliminating the need to perform a multicast tree reconfiguration, d) it has link quality; therefore, a cross layer can be used between the network and the application layer in order to provide optimal paths in the multicast tree configuration process. In addition, the protocol handles tolerance to mobility and multicast tree recovery using a smart logical Gnutella network that is based on a novel discovery technique in which mobile nodes are found by means of both their state and position in the CVE.
Seeded Growth of Calcium Phosphates: Effect of Different Calcium Phosphate Seed Material

The growth of calcium phosphates on seed materials, dicalcium PhosPhate dihydrate (DCPD), tricalcium phosphate (TCP), octacalcium phosphate (OCP), and hydroxyapatite (HAP) in stable supersaturated solutions has been studied under conditions of pH and concentration for which the predominant phases are 1, DCPD, and II, HAP. All seed crystals are good nucleators for DCPD in system I, but, aside from HAP itself, only OCP will readily induce growth under condition II.
Supporting Predicate-Window Queries in Data Stream Management Systems

The window query model is widely used in data stream management systems where the focus of a continuous query is limited to a set of the most recent tuples. In this dissertation, we show that an interesting and important class of continuous queries can not be answered by the existing sliding-window query models. Thus, we introduce a new model for continuous queries, termed the predicate-window query model that limits the focus of a continuous query to the stream tuples that qualify a certain predicate. Predicate windows are characterized by the following (1) The window predicate can be defined over any attribute in the stream tuple (ordered or unordered). (2) Stream tuples qualify and disqualify the window predicate in an out-of-order manner. The goal of this dissertation is to develop an efficient framework to realize predicate windows inside data stream management systems. The predicate-window query framework enables the system to efficiently support a wide variety of streaming applications through an expressive query language and efficient query evaluation mechanisms (i.e., query execution and query optimization). As a test bed for our research, the predicate-window framework is being developed inside Nile; a prototype data stream management system developed at Purdue Univers
Characterization of a goldfish antigen during development and regeneration of the visual system.

Normal, regenerating, and developing optic nerves of the goldfish were studied utilizing a monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1E1T which has specificity for Muller cells in the retina, radial glial cells in the tectum, and non-neuronal cells in the optic nerve. Sections of the normal optic nerve revealed longitudinally oriented chains of non-neuronal cells, that were 4-8 cells long. The number of chains in the normal nerve was very few. In addition, short acellular septa, probably the connective tissue septa, were also labeled with mAb 1E1T. Sections of crushed optic nerves showed an increase in the antigen recognized by mAb 1E1T within the septa and new septa were now visualized. Furthermore, the existing septa were longer and extended the length of the optic nerve. The formation and elongation of the septa occurred as early as 3 day postcrush. Between 3 and 11 d postcrush, there was heavy labeling of the septa and a large accumulation of non-neuronal cells at the crush site. At 3 months postcrush, the accumulation of non-neuronal cells labeled by mAb 1E1T were no longer visible but heavy labeling of the septa was still apparent.
Use of cold microfiltration to produce unique β-casein enriched milk gels

Bovine milk was modified using cold microfiltration to produce β-casein enriched fractions with unique gelation properties. Skim milk at 4 °C was microfiltered using membranes with pore diameter of 0.2 μm, 0.1 μm, or 100 000 g.mol -1 MWCO. Resulting permeates were filtered again using membranes with 10 000 g.mol -1 MWCO to create retentates with 9% solids that were used in the gelation study. Ash, calcium, lactose, solids, and protein contents of all fractions were monitored to determine separation trends. Cold microfiltration significantly reduced the casein:whey protein ratio and increased the β-casein:α s -casein ratio in the retentates from the second filtration; the smaller the pore size of the initial separation membrane, the greater the change in the ratios. When treated with glucono-δ-lactone and rennet, the β-casein enriched fractions produced using the 0.2 and 0.1 μm membranes formed softer gels that had greater syneresis and hydration, and lower water holding capacities than skim milk gels.
Mining trips from telematics dataset for value-added logistics applications in asset tracking systems

With the recent improvements and cost reductions in GPS technology and wireless communication, telematics systems that integrate wireless communications with sensor-based monitoring and location-aware applications have been widely deployed for mobile asset tracking and condition monitoring. In such telematics systems, mining patterns from GPS datasets and exploring the useful data for asset behaviors is vital in order to understand asset utilization, efficiency, distribution, operation, and many other important aspects in the supply chain. In this paper we mine trips based on heuristic rules from a large-scale, real world, event-based telematics dataset that is noisy and sparse in nature. A series of logistics applications built on trip analysis are presented, including ETA prediction, Mileage estimation, Backhaul detection, and Supply chain network analysis.
Information work in the chronic illness experience

A proliferation of health information on the Internet and increased pressures for individuals to manage their own healthcare (Eng et al., 1998; D. Lewis, Chang, & Friedman, 2005) have raised health information behavior—individuals’ needs, seeking and use of information related to health—as an area of concern for practitioners and researchers. The experience of chronic illness presents a unique and vivid case of health information behavior in that it involves conditions that: can be difficult to diagnose; are often treated through a combination of traditional medical and alternative therapies; and, engage the patient in active management and care over an extended period. The National Institutes of Health has identified both chronic illness management and the ability to “obtain, process, and understand basic health information” as imperative to improving national health outcomes (Young, 2004), highlighting the necessity of understanding information behavior as it relates to ongoing health conditions, and in developing scholarship that can account for a range of health information behavior more theoretically (Baker & Pettigrew, 1999).
A low-cost custom HF RFID system for hand washing compliance monitoring

We present here our design of a custom lowcost RFID system for hand washing compliance monitoring and prompting in a hospital environment for reducing nosocomial infection. Various system design considerations are discussed, including the design of our custom low-cost high frequency (HF) RFID antenna that works just as well as the commercially available ones but at a fraction of the cost.
The Year in Economics at the FCC, 2014–2015

We discuss several FCC proceedings and other matters of economic interest. These include: the Commission’s new Open Internet (“net neutrality”) rules and economic challenges they pose; regulatory implications of a potential reclassification of certain online video distributors as multi-channel video distributors; the proposed Comcast-Time Warner Cable merger; a set of policy experiments that involve extension of the “Lifeline” universal service program to broadband, and the IP technology transition; and, finally, two major policy initiatives to improve the management of spectrum used by mobile wireless providers.
Mathematical Description of the Shape of Conical Hydrometeors

Abstract A mathematical function is presented to approximate the shape of conical hydrometeors such as conical graupel and hailstones and large falling raindrops. The function provides a method of parametric classification of conical hydrometeors. Steps and examples of fitting to real conical hydrometeors are given. The examples demonstrate that this function closely approximates the shape of these particles. Formulas for calculating the axial cross-sectional area, volume and area of the surface of revolution are given. The function will be useful in the future study of the physical properties of conical hydrometeors.
Observations on /sup 4/He persistent flow

Evidence is presented which illustrates that the velocity of flow of a persistent /sup 4/He-film current is stable against changes in the film thickness. This report is an addendum to a previous paper (Phys. Rev. Lett. 37, 1484 (1976)).
Research Notes: Characterizing Environmental Variation

A hypothesized relationship between environmental variation and organizational actions is central to organization theory. This study shows that conventional summary measures of instability do not c...
Dream Factories of a Former Colony: American Fantasies, Philippine Cinema. By José B. Capino

(2011). Dream Factories of a Former Colony: American Fantasies, Philippine Cinema. By Jose B. Capino. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 37, Further Desire: Asian and Asian American Sexualities, pp. 157-159.
Carbon Abatement and Emissions Associated with the Gasification of Walnut Shells for Bioenergy and Biochar Production

By converting biomass residue to biochar, we could generate power cleanly and sequester carbon resulting in overall greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) savings when compared to typical fossil fuel usage and waste disposal. We estimated the carbon dioxide (CO2) abatements and emissions associated to the concurrent production of bioenergy and biochar through biomass gasification in an organic walnut farm and processing facility in California, USA. We accounted for (i) avoided-CO2 emissions from displaced grid electricity by bioenergy; (ii) CO2 emissions from farm machinery used for soil amendment of biochar; (iii) CO2 sequestered in the soil through stable biochar-C; and (iv) direct CO2 and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soil. The objective of these assessments was to pinpoint where the largest C offsets can be expected in the bioenergy-biochar chain. We found that energy production from gasification resulted in 91.8% of total C offsets, followed by stable biochar-C (8.2% of total C sinks), offsetting a total of 107.7 kg CO2-C eq Mg-1 feedstock. At the field scale, we monitored gas fluxes from soils for 29 months (180 individual observations) following field management and precipitation events in addition to weekly measurements within three growing seasons and two tree dormancy periods. We compared four treatments: control, biochar, compost, and biochar combined with compost. Biochar alone or in combination with compost did not alter total N2O and CO2 emissions from soils, indicating that under the conditions of this study, biochar-prompted C offsets may not be expected from the mitigation of direct soil GHG emissions. However, this study revealed a case where a large environmental benefit was given by the waste-to-bioenergy treatment, addressing farm level challenges such as waste management, renewable energy generation, and C sequestration.
Test Solutions for a One Phase Problem through Conformal Transformations

A family of analytic solutions for a one phase free boundary problem is presented. The model is Hele-Shaw flow with suction where the free boundary can be almost circular initially but develop arbitrarily many cusps in finite time. The analytic solutions are intended as checks for numerical work.
996 Evaluating the Effects of Airway Pressure Release Ventilation, a Novel Mode of Ventilation, in Children with Acute Respiratory Failure

Background The mortality rate of ARDS in children exceeds 50%. Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV), a lung protective mode of mechanical ventilation, allows renal and hemodynamic stability in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This retrospective case review surveys the safety and utility of APRV in children with ARDS between April 2010 and November 2011. Methods This study was conducted at the Pediatric ICU at Stanford. Children on APRV for less than 24 hours or who were placed on ECMO were excluded. Primary measures, PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio and the Oxygenation Index (OI), were assessed prior to and after APRV initiation. Secondary measures were blood pressure, creatinine, and sedation requirements. A paired t-test was performed comparing parameters over time and a mixed linear model with a random effect was used to test for significant differences over time. Results P/F ratio and OI significantly improved upon conversion to APRV. All of the secondary measures assessed remained stable (data not shown). Conclusion The rise in P/F ratio and decrease in OI upon switching to APRV indicate an improvement in oxygenation. Stability of cardiac, renal, and sedation parameters further demonstrate the mode’s utility. This retrospective study demonstrates safety and efficacy of APRV in a small population of children with respiratory failure.
Prevention of growth hormone-induced diabetes in hypophysectomized dogs by adrenocortical steroids.

Summary1. Continued administration of cortisone or hydrocortisone regimens, in dosages (0.83 to 1.2 mg kg day) sufficient to restore the carbohydrate metabolism of adrenalectomized dogs to normal, completely abolished the insulin hypersensitivity, secondary hypoglycemia of the glucose tolerance test, and adrenaline resistance of hypophysectomized dogs without the production of insulin resistance, diabetes, or abnormally high adrenaline responses. 2. Continued daily administration of a potent “diabetogenic” growth hormone (1.0 to 1.5 mg kg day) in conjunction with the cortisone or hydrocortisone regimens did not alter the carbohydrate metabolism of the hypophysectomized dogs previously observed on the steroid regimens alone, i.e., it remained normal as judged by the above criteria. 3. The insulin resistance, diabetes, and toxic manifestations produced by growth hormone regimens alone were not observed during combined adrenocortical steroid-growth hormone regimens and thus, a more prolonged period of growth...
Dicumarol and plasma antithrombin activity.

SummaryWith the administration of dicumarol to dogs there are no significant changes in the activity of antithrombin-II, and -III. Antithrombin-IV activity remained but no accurate quantitative measurements were made. In human subjects antithrombin-IV activity also remains and is probably not decreased. The thrombin-titer method of analysis shows that there are very marked changes in the activation rate of prothrombin soon after dicumarol is administered to human subjects. The addition of purfied prothrombin does not restore the activation rate to normal. In contrast to human subjects the activation rate of prothrombin is not reduced in dog plasma when dicumarol is administered.
THU0075 The risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared to the general population: A very large cohort study

Background Some data suggest that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Prior studies have been relatively small and used a very limited set of covariates to adjust for potential confounding. Objectives To examine the risk of VTE in patients with RA compared to non-RA subjects. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using health care utilization data collected by a large US commercial insurance plan. The RA cohort included adults with at least two diagnoses of RA and at least one prescription for a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARDs). Follow-up began with the first prescription for a DMARD, defined as the index date. Subjects who never had a diagnosis of RA were selected and matched to RA patients on age, sex, and index date with a 5:1 ratio. Patients with history of malignancy and VTE were excluded. The primary outcome was VTE, defined as the composite of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), as a principal hospital discharge diagnosis. Incidence rates (IR) and rate ratios (RR) of VTE with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models compared the risk of VTE events between RA and non-RA patients. Results The study population included 22,143 RA and 88,572 non-RA patients with a mean (SD) age of 52 (12) years with 75% women. During a mean follow-up of 2 years, 1.2% of RA patients and 0.5% non-RA patients developed VTE. The IR for VTE among RA patients was 6.1 per 1,000 person-years, 2.4 times higher (95% CI: 2.1-2.8) than the rate of non-RA patients. The IRs for both DVT (RR, 2.2, 95% CI: 1.9-2.6) and PE (RR 2.7, 95% CI: 2.2-3.5) were higher in RA patients compared with non-RA subjects. After adjusting for known risk factors of VTE, a moderately elevated risk for VTE was noted in RA (hazard ratio 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1-1.7) compared to non-RA patients. Conclusions Our results showed an increased risk of VTE, both DVT and PE, for RA patients compared with non-RA patients. The risk was attenuated but remained elevated after adjusting for known risk factors for VTE such as cardiovascular disease, surgery, hospitalization, and medications. Disclosure of Interest S. Kim Grant/Research support from: Pfizer, Takeda, S. Schneeweiss Grant/Research support from: Pfizer, Consultant for: WHISCON, RTI Health Solutions, the Lewin Group, and HealthCore, J. Liu: None Declared, D. Solomon Grant/Research support from: Amgen, Abbot, and BMS
[18F]XTRA: first-in-human PET imaging of α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

358 Objectives Molecular research suggests region-specific decline in α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α4β2-nAChR) over the course of normal aging, Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment. Use of the established α4β2-nAChR radiotracer, [18F]2-FA, to examine changes in this receptor system is limited by low signal-to-noise ratio. The more recent radiotracer, [18F]AZAN, may not have sufficient affinity to examine extra-thalamic α4β2-nAChR sites. We recently developed [18F]XTRA, which has higher binding affinity for α4β2-nAChR compared to [18F]2-FA and [18F]AZAN. We present the first human PET neuroimaging study using [18F]XTRA. Methods Five healthy young subjects underwent dynamic [18F]XTRA brain PET on a high resolution research tomograph. Regional brain time-activity curves (TACs) were analyzed with metabolite-corrected arterial input functions. Two-tissue-three-compartment (2T3C) modelling and plasma reference graphical analysis methods were applied to obtain regional volume of distribution (VT). Using corpus callosum (CC) as a reference region, non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) values were calculated. Results [18F]XTRA rapidly entered the brain, with extra-thalamic regional TACs peaking by 8 min post-injection (p.i.). Thalamic regions peaked after 70 min p.i. In all regions, the kinetic behavior of [18F]XTRA was sufficiently described by 2T3C modelling. Logan plots approached asymptotes by 20 min. VT estimates using both methods are highly correlated, and remained consistent for any scan duration 90 min or longer. [18F]XTRA showed high VT across all brain regions (e.g., 75 mL/cm3 in thalamus, 18 mL/cm3 in frontal cortex). Conclusions [18F]XTRA is a new, highly specific PET radioligand for estimation of α4β2-nAChR, with characteristics that favor use for studying α4β2-nAChR in humans.
Amyloid ß-Protein Deposition as a Seminal Pathogenetic Event in Alzheimer’s Disease

Since the original description of the clinicopathological syndrome of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), there has been lively debate about the primacy of amyloid deposition, neuritic/neuronal dystrophy or glial dystrophy in the pathogenesis of the disease. The isolation of the subunit protein [amyloid β-protein (AβP)] from meningovascular [1] and senile plaque core [2,3] amyloid and the production of relevant antibodies has shown that amorphous, largely non-fibrillar deposits of A→P occur in much larger numbers than “classical” compacted plaque cores in AD and Down’s syndrome. The precursor polypeptide of AsP (βAPP) is encoded by a gene on chromosome 21 [4–7]. This finding suggests that the premature development of numerous AβP deposits in patients with trisomy 21 as early as the second decade of life is due to the increased dosage of sAPP in such patients. The localization of the βAPP gene to chromosome 21 and the identification of amorphous A→P deposits (“diffuse” or “preamyloid” plaques) in both Down’s syndrome and AD strengthens the use of Down’s syndrome as a natural model of the pathogenesis of AD. In this chapter, we review the current evidence that deposition of A→P is a seminal event in the pathogenesis of AD which may precede the development of neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, astrocytosis, microgliosis and other neuropathological changes of the disease.
Analog Computer to Solve Third-Order Linear Differential Equation

An analog computer was designed and tested to solve any third order constant-coefficients and linear differential equation. The analog computer was built using operational amplifiers, resistors and capacitors. Using the Multisim simulator, various input types were tested across the input terminals of the analog computer and the results were recorded.
Fast motion prediction for collaborative robotics

The efficient and safe performance of collaborative robots requires advancements in perception, control, design and algorithms, among other factors. With regard to algorithms, representing the structure of collaborative tasks and reasoning about progress toward task completion in an on-line fashion enables a robot to be a fluent and safe collaborator based on its ability to predict the next actions of a human agent. With this goal in mind, we focus on real-time target prediction of human reaching motion and present an algorithm based on time series classification. Results from on-line testing involving a tabletop task with a PR2 robot yielded 70% prediction accuracy with 400msec of observed trajectory.
Institutional adaptation and effectiveness over 18 years of the New York city watershed governance arrangement

In 1997, an unlikely group of governments, nonprofit organizations, and interest groups signed a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) to share governance of the adjacent Catskill and Delaware watersheds i...
Children's Geographies: Tracing the Evolution and Involution of a Concept

This essay traces the evolution of children's geographies as a concept through three phases. First, in the early 1970s as a beginning impression influenced heavily by developmental and environmental psychology. Second, beginning around 1990, children's geographies cohered politically as geographers focused on young people's identity through feminism and Marxism, and global policy initiatives on children's rights. The third phase, covering the last couple of decades, coming from issues of political identity, challenges what we think we know about young people and their geographies, and also advocates a set of loose theories about the ways young people create and re-create spaces and themselves. Cognate disciplines coming to geography for insights about children and their worlds characterize this current phase. To offset this seeming linear progression the essay also notes an involution of the concept that defies clear categories and sequences, but suggests the fluidity of tensions and accommodations that comprises children's geographies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Abstract B17: Identification of Druggable Targets through Functional Multi-Omics in Renal Medullary Carcinoma

Renal medullary carcinoma is a rare kidney cancer that is primarily seen in adolescent and young adult African American patients with sickle cell trait. Prognosis is poor and treatment options are limited. We have developed several cell line models that recapitulate the primary and relapsed metastatic samples from a patient who succumbed to this disease. We have confirmed by whole exome sequencing that our models have sickle cell trait and loss of heterozygosity of the SMARCB1 loci, both hallmarks of this disease. By RNA-sequencing, we see a lack of SMARCB1 transcription. We have further shown dependency of our models to SMARCB1 re-expression thus suggesting that this cancer is indeed driven by loss of SMARCB1 at a functional level. We performed pooled CRISPR-Cas9 and RNAi loss of function screens and a small molecule screen focused on druggable cancer targets based on our previous work in parallel to a genome-wide pooled CRISPR-Cas9 loss of function screen. Integrating these complementary and orthogonal methods, we identified a number of targets for further validation. These targets, when combined may provide a rational approach to therapeutic targeting for this rare kidney cancer. Citation Format: Andrew L. Hong, Yuen-Yi Tseng, Bryan D. Kynnap, Mihir B. Doshi, Gabriel Sandoval, Coyin Oh, Abeer Sayeed, Gill Shubhroz, Alanna J. Church, Paula Keskula, Anson Peng, Paul A. Clemons, Aviad Tsherniak, Francisca Vazquez, Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, Katherine A. Janeway, Levi A. Garraway, Stuart L. Schreiber, David E. Root, Elizabeth Mullen, Kimberly Stegmaier, Cigall Kadoch, Charles W.M. Roberts, Jesse S. Boehm, William C. Hahn. Identification of Druggable Targets through Functional Multi-Omics in Renal Medullary Carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Opportunities and Challenges of Exploiting Synthetic Lethality in Cancer; Jan 4-7, 2017; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2017;16(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B17.
Do Social Media Facilitate Political Learning? Social Media Use for News, Reasoning and Political Knowledge

This study examines how using different types of social media for news predicts political knowledge. Drawing on a national survey, the present study finds that blogs and Twitter are positive predictors of political issue knowledge, while Facebook and YouTube are not. Using blogs for news predicts political personalities and process knowledge, but using Twitter, Facebook, or YouTube for news does not. Additionally, the present study reveals that political talk offline and online reinforces the impact of social media use for news on political issue knowledge.
Mental health care consumers' relative valuing of clinician performance information.

BACKGROUND Research demonstrates significant variability in mental health clinicians' overall and domain-specific effectiveness with their patients. Despite calls to increase patient access to performance information, little is known about patients' relative valuing of this information in the context of other treatment factors. OBJECTIVE We aimed to obtain an understanding of patients' relative valuing of provider performance track records and other therapist and treatment characteristics for their mental health care decision making. METHOD Participants were 403 (Mage = 41.20; 66.5% female) community mental health patients who completed a multicomponent survey that included an adapted delayed-discounting paradigm to examine the relative valuing. Multiple descriptive, quantitative indices of relative valuing were calculated, as well as an exploratory latent profile analysis to ascertain the presence of homogenous relative-valuing subgroups. RESULTS Overall, participants valued provider track record information. They also evidenced relatively higher preference values for working with therapists who had specific efficacy in treating their primary problem domain, charged less, and with whom there is a high likelihood of establishing a good alliance. Two latent profiles were identified: one representing higher valuing of provider performance and another consistently representing less emphasis. Participants with higher track-record valuing were younger, believed that therapists are not interchangeable, and endorsed trust in the collection and use of performance information. CONCLUSION Harnessing clinician information to make more personalized and informed treatment decisions could potentially promote better treatment engagement, retention, and outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record
Fabrication of self-recoverable flexible and stretchable electronic devices

Abstract In this paper, we developed an EHD printing process for the fabrication of high-resolution self-recoverable flexible and stretchable electronics using low-melting-point metal inks. Three different metal inks were tested for their printability on four different substrates separately to demonstrate the capability of EHD printing technology. EHD printing enables low-cost direct fabrication of metallic conductors with sub-50 μm resolution, which represents a promising way to create electronic features with metallic conductivity and excellent flexibility and stretchability. When properly designed, the EHD printed electronics provided a stable resistance under hundreds of bending cycles and many stretching and releasing cycles with high tensile strain, which demonstrates their good flexibility and stretchability in electronics applications. The printed electronics was capable of self-healing under low temperature treatment to recover from failures without sacrificing its electrical properties. Moreover, a high-resolution capacitive sensor array was designed and fabricated. A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model was developed to study the performance of the designed touch sensor. The results from FEA model agreed well with experimental results, which demonstrated the high-resolution capability of the EHD printing for the direction fabrication of flexible and stretchable devices.