cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Triruthenium cluster complexes of C60 and C70: carbonyl site exchange probed via triphenylphosphine ligand derivatives

Abstract Carbon NMR data obtained for the fullerene complexes Ru3(CO)9(μ3-η2, η2, η2-C60) (1) and Ru3(CO)9(μ3-η2, η2, η2-C70) (2) suggest the operation of fluxional processes. Triphenylphosphine-substituted derivatives of 1 and 2 have been prepared by heating the fullerene complex with PPh3 in chlorobenzene at 130°C for a brief period. The individual mono- and disubstituted derivatives have been purified by thin-layer chromatography and identified by their infrared and FAB mass spectra, and their dynamic behavior has been probed by 31P- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Restricted three-fold rotations at each metal center are indicated for these derivatives.
A study of anxiety/depressive symptoms of medical students, house staff, and their spouses/partners.

Symptoms of anxiety/depression and suicidal ideation were studied in medical students, house staff, and their spouses/partners in a large midwestern school by means of an anonymous questionnaire. A total of 634 medical students and 227 house staff completed the questionnaire. A significantly higher
Intraperitoneal Administration of Coumarin Causes Tissue-Selective Depletion of Cytochromes P450 and Cytotoxicity in the Olfactory Mucosa

Coumarin is a naturally occurring fragrant compound widely used in consumer products and also as a therapeutic agent. The effects of intraperitoneal (ip) and oral administration of coumarin on cytochrome P450 (P450) expression in olfactory mucosa were examined. A single ip injection of coumarin at 50 mg/kg resulted in a significant reduction of levels of CYP2A and CYP2G in the olfactory mucosa of Wistar rats and C57BL/6 mice at 48 hr following injection. Dose-response analysis of coumarin effects indicated that Wistar rats were more sensitive than C57BL/6 mice. A significant suppression of nasal CYP2A levels was observed at 25 mg/kg in rats, but not in mice. Depletion of P450 content was not observed in liver of either rats or mice at 50 mg/kg, indicating tissue-selective effects. Decreased P450 levels were observed at 24 hr, 48 hr, and 7 days following treatment, with minimal levels seen at 48 hr. The decrease in P450 levels was accompanied by necrosis, cell loss, and basal cell metaplasia in the olfactory mucosa. Intraperitoneal injection of 7-hydroxycoumarin or 3,4-dihydrocoumarin at 50 mg/kg did not result in depletion of nasal P450, indicating that the toxicity is not mediated by P450-catalyzed coumarin 7-hydroxylation and supporting the hypothesis that the formation of coumarin 3,4-epoxide may be responsible for the toxicity. Oral treatment with coumarin in drinking water led to a small, yet significant induction of CYP2A protein and coumarin hydroxylase activity in the nasal mucosa of mice, but not rats. Thus, ip administration of coumarin causes tissue-selective depletion of P450 and cytotoxicity in the olfactory mucosa of Wistar rats and C57BL/6 mice. It remains to be determined whether similar toxicity occurs following coumarin administration by other routes.
Shocking Lessons from Electric Fish: The Theory and Practice of Multiple Realization

This paper explores the relationship between psychology and neurobiology in the context of cognitive science. Are the sciences that constitute cognitive science independent and theoretically autonomous, or is there a necessary interaction between them? I explore Fodor's Multiple Realization Thesis (MRT) which starts with the fact of multiple realization and purports to derive the theoretical autonomy of special sciences (such as psychology) from structural sciences (such as neurobiology). After laying out the MRT, it is shown that, on closer inspection, the argument is either circular or self-undermining--the argument either assumes the very autonomy it seeks to demonstrate or the concluded autonomy is contradicted by the theoretical interdependence invoked by the premises of the argument. Next, I explore a concrete example of multiple realization in the explanation of animal behavior: the convergent evolution of jamming avoidance behaviors in three genera of weakly electric fish. Contrary to the image pa...
K-12 Distance Educators at Work: Who's Teaching Online across the United States

AbstractDue to the current proliferation of virtual schools, a growing number of teachers are facing the challenge of teaching online. This study examines the demographic nature and experiences of K–12 online teachers. Findings show that online teachers are experienced in the traditional classroom, as indicated by their years of experience and the level of their advanced degrees. These teachers seek a better means to engage with students, a greater sense of community, and the ability to teach without the constraints of traditional teachings, such as a bell schedule or issues of classroom management. Data also suggest that aspects of teaching online, such as the number of classes/students, student motivation, and lack of support, can be overwhelming at times. Through this study, we are able to gain a better understanding of the educators themselves, including specific advantages and challenges of teaching in an online environment.
Production of Pyrogen in Sera by Bacteria

ConclusionThe growth of some common bacteria in “normal non-reactive sera” causes them to produce a pyrogenic symptom-complex when injected intravenously into dogs. This symptom-complex consists of fever, leucopenia, and in severe cases chills and gastro-intestinal disturbances, and is indistinguishable from that produced by therapeutic reactive sera, reactive acacia, reactive inulin,. or reactive infusion-fluids.On the basis of these experiments it is suggested that the chill- and fever-producing substance in sera may be pyrogen, caused either by direct bacterial growth or by pyrogen already present in chemicals used in the purification and concentration of therapeutic sera.
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE BEHAVIORAL CONTRAST IN THE RAT1

Three groups of rats received either 8, 23, or 53 sessions of multiple variable-interval variable-interval baseline training before being shifted to a multiple extinction variable-interval schedule. The rate of responding during the unaltered component was higher for the groups shifted to multiple extinction variable-interval than for control groups remaining on multiple variable-interval variable-interval (positive contrast). Furthermore, when the multiple variable-interval variable-interval schedule was re-instated, stable negative contrast was found in the groups that had received 23 or 53 baseline sessions, but not for the group that had received only eight sessions. Positive and negative contrast were also demonstrated in the eight and 23-session groups when the multiple extinction variable-interval and multiple variable-interval variable-interval schedules were re-administered in further phases of the experiment. These results suggest that both positive and negative behavioral contrast can be obtained reliably in a species other than the pigeon.
Chemical Dynamics of H Abstraction by OH Radicals: Vibrational Excitation of H2O, HOD, and D2O Produced in Reactions of OH and OD with HBr and DBr

Infrared chemiluminescence from vibrationally excited H2O, HOD, and D2O molecules in the ranges 3200−3900 cm-1 (O−H stretch) and 2400−2900 cm-1 (O−D stretch) was observed from the reactions of OH and OD radicals with hydrogen and deuterium bromide in a fast flow reactor with 0.5−2 Torr of Ar carrier gas at 300 K. Hydroxyl radicals were produced via the H + NO2 reaction; the H atoms were generated by microwave discharge in a H2/Ar mixture. Vibrational distributions for H2O, HOD, and D2O were determined by computer simulation of the experimental emission spectra. The H2O emission from OH + HBr reaction shows inverted populations for both the collisionally coupled stretching modes and the bending mode. Inversion in the bending distribution with a maximum for v2 = 1 is more apparent in the v1,3 = 1 level, which is populated up to the thermochemical limit of v2 = 5. The HOD emission from OD + HBr shows an inverted population in the O−H stretching mode with a maximum for v3 = 2 and shows a decreasing population...
Imaging of structure at and near the core-mantle boundary using a generalized radon transform: 2. Statistical inference of singularities

[1] We present the second part of our approach to high-resolution imaging of deep Earth's interfaces with large volumes of broadband, three-component seismograms. We focus on the lowermost mantle, also referred to as D″ region, but the methodology can be applied more generally. The first part describes the generalized radon transform (GRT) of broadband ScS data (comprising main arrival, precursors, and coda). The GRT produces “image gathers,” which represent multiple images of medium contrasts at the same image point near the base of the mantle. With a method for statistical inference we use this redundancy (1) to enhance the GRT images through improved recovery of weak contrasts and through suppression of spurious oscillations in the GRT image gathers and (2) to provide uncertainty estimates that can be used to identify the robust features in the images. Using the image gathers from paper 1 as input, we use mixed effects statistical modeling to produce the best estimates of reflectivity along with their uncertainty. In this framework, random noise in the signal is separated into white and coherent components using the geometry of the (GRT) imaging operators and a generalized cross-validation method. With synthetic data we show that conventional GRT images deteriorate substantially, in some cases to the point at which weak reflectors can no longer be detected, due to effects of uneven sampling, wave phenomena that are not accounted for in the underlying single scattering approximation, or errors in the assumed background wave speed model. We demonstrate that even in these circumstances, statistical analysis can yield adequate estimates of the true model. GRT imaging produces robust images of the core-mantle boundary (CMB) beneath Central America and suggests the presence of several structures in the D″ region, in particular between 100 and 200 and between 270 and 320 km above the CMB proper. Most of these structures are significant at the 1σ (that is, 68%) level, but at 2σ (95%) confidence the images show, at various depths above the CMB, intermittent instead of laterally contiguous features.
ARRADCOM/DARPA compact homopolar generator

If electromagnetic (EM) rail guns are to be used to propel substantial projectiles, large amounts of energy must be delivered in a fast, high-current pulse. Homopolar generators (HPGs) store megajoules (MJ) of energy in the inertia of a flywheel and then electromagnetically convert this energy into megampere (MA) current pulses that typically have a duration between a thousandth of a second and a second. These machines appear to be the most likely power supply for military rail guns, space launchers, and other large EM propulsion schemes. It is concluded that inertial energy storage with homopolar conversion provides the most suitable primary energy store for driving large EM rail guns. An assessment of the state-of-the-art of the various technologies relevant to pulsed HPG design, especially those limiting energy or power density was made. This evaluation concluded that HPG energy and power densities could be substantially improved by eliminating the back iron, which contributes to the mass of the machine but not the stored energy. 5 refs.
Glomerular filtration rate in the preterm infant: the relation to gestational and postnatal age

In 41 preterm neonates with a gestational age (GA) varying from 27 to 36 weeks, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured by means of the continuous inulin infusion technique. The reliability of the technique was confirmed. During postnatal development GFR was found to increase in two ways: firstly, an increase with advancing gestational age, associated with the increase in body weight (BW) [GFR (ml/min) =0.15xGA-3.20, r=0.48, P=0.0048]; secondly, a postnatal increase, being independent from increment in BW. An increase in GFR (ml/min·kg) from 0.88±0.23 to 1.18±0.28 was observed between day 4 and day 11 postnatally (P<0.008). This latter increase is probably associated with changes in renal haemodynamics. No significant influence of artificial ventilation on GFR could be demonstrated in preterm neonates.
Undulations in salt-free charged lamellar phases detected by small angle neutron scattering and neutron reflectivity

Neutron reflectivity of lamellar phases containing pentaethylene glycol n-dodecyl ether, sodium decylsulfonate, and D2O is measured at the solid-liquid interface. The scattering length density profiles deduced from fits to the reflectivity data show that undulations of the mixed surfactant bilayers close to the solid-liquid interface decrease as the molar ratio of ionic to nonionic surfactant increases. This is consistent with recent theoretical predictions. Small angle neutron scattering measurements of these samples show both small angle scattering and quasi-Bragg peaks. As the molar ratio of ionic to nonionic surfactant increases, the low-q scattering intensity decreases and higher order quasi-Bragg peaks appear. These changes in the bulk neutron scattering signal are consistent with the changes observed with reflectivity.
A new experiment to measure static and dynamic heat flow in helium-II near the superfluid transition

Abstract A brief description is given of the physical context and technical features of a new experiment, presently in development, to study static and dynamic heat flow in helium-II near Tλ. The experiment uses immersed magnetocaloric thermometers with very high resolution ( −11 K / Hz ) and relatively high bandwidth. Heat flow is concentrated in a narrow channel to maintain a volume of thermally resistive helium with novel boundary conditions. This combination of features should be useful for a variety of studies.
The former transsexual: A case study

The case is presented of a biological male, diagnosed as transsexual, who lived as a female for a considerable period and then returned to the male role. The subject came within days of having genital surgery, deciding to return to the male role after surgery was canceled due to policy changes at a hospital. A number of factors are offered as possible correlatives to the decision to return to the original gender role. These include increase in assertiveness, decrease in gender-role stereotyping, religious conversion, improvement of vocational state, and falling in love. It is suggested that the original diagnosis of transsexualism is not invalidated by the subject's subsequent decision. The relationship between personality characteristics such as passivity and the tendency of such clients to apply rigid stereotypes to gender is discussed. The importance of an extended trial period prior to genital surgery is reinforced by the present case, and it is suggested that increased attention be given to gender-role stereotyping among sex reassignment candidates.
Restaurant Customer Complaint Behavior

Abstract This study investigates factors relating to complaining action and factors which affect complainants' revisit intentions and negative word-of-mouth behaviors. The findings suggest that the degree to which customers are upset, the importance of the dining occasion, and the perceived assurance that management will resolve the problem effect whether or not a customer will complain. The study also identified ways effective complaint management could increase a customer's intention to return and reduce negative word of mouth.
Organogenesis from Callus Culture of Hordeum vulgare

Rapidly proliferating callus cultures from the apical meristem of Hordeum vulgare L., cultivars “Himalaya” and “Mari”, were established on a defined medium supplemented with auxin and cytokinin. A frequency of organ differentiation of ca. 85% was obtained by transfer to the same medium but without any growth regulators. All regenerated plants had the diploid chromosome number of 14 (2n).
Annual variation in nesting numbers of marine turtles: the effect of sea surface temperature on re-migration intervals

The assessment of marine turtle populations is complicated by large inter-annual variations in nesting numbers. This variability has been attributed to synchrony in the re-migration intervals (i.e., intervals between successive nesting years) of individuals. It has been hypothesized that this synchrony arises from environmental variations that affect the feeding conditions at sea. This paper presents the first direct test of this hypothesis. The analysis identifies a significant effect of sea surface temperature on the re-migration interval in the largest Atlantic population of green turtles.
Ensuring correctness over untrusted private database

In this paper we address the problem of ensuring the correctness of query results returned by an untrusted private database. The database owns the data and may modify it at any time. The querier is allowed to execute queries over this database; however it may not learn anything more than the result of these legal queries. The querier does not necessarily trust the database and would like the owner to furnish proof that the data has not been modified in response to recent events such as the submission of the query. We develop two metrics that capture the correctness of query answers and propose a range of solutions that provide a trade-off between the degree of exposure of private data, and the overhead of generation and verification of the proof. Our proposed solutions are tested on real data through implementation using PostgreSQL.
Configuration optimization for multiple nonholonomic mobile manipulators with holonomic interaction

This paper presents an analytical method for quantitative performance analysis and configuration optimization for the cooperation of multiple nonholonomic mobile manipulators to transport a common object. The major challenge of such cooperation comes from the requirement of tight physical interactions between the robotic agents through a payload. The cooperation as a mobile constrained articulation system that takes into account the nonholonomic constraints due to the wheels together with the holonomic constraints due to the physical interactions are modeled and analyzed. Performance of several representative scenarios with varying actuation arrangements are then quantified in terms of manipulability measure. Subsequently, the measure is utilized to determine the optimal configuration of the cooperation permitting the payload transported in a near omnidirectional manner.
Modeling characterization and reliability analysis of a power system in package

A power system in package (SiP), which has high-side (HS) and low-side (LS) MOSFETs, and a driver IC, is investigated in this paper. To reduce cost and improve time to market, electrical, thermal and mechanical virtual prototyping are applied to investigate the electrical, thermal and reliability performance of the power SiP. Totally 8 DoE legs are designed to study the impact of bond wire diameter, bond wire numbers, and die size of LS and HS MOSFETs. In order to minimize the package effects on RDson and switching noise, the resistance and inductance for all DoE models are examined, and the efficiencies for all models are calculated. The thermal characterization of Theta_ja according to the JEDEC standards is conducted with 3 types of thermal test boards. Mechanical and reliability simulation including mold cure and reflow simulation with/without moisture are conducted to check if die cracking, or delamination might occur under thermal stress. The moisture related reliability model [5] is improved to calculate the equivalent CTE of the mold compound according to its moisture concentration distribution contour, and the simulation results are compared and discussed with those by using the original method.
d-wave pairing near the transition temperature

The problem of minimizing the general fourth-order Ginzburg-Landau free energy for $d$-wave pairing in a homogeneous system is solved. The highly degenerate family of solutions arising when the fourth-order term has the elementary BCS form, is found to be associated with a point lying on the boundary of two regimes in the general parameter space. On either side of the boundary the degeneracy is reduced to the minimum required by gauge and rotational invariance, but in very different ways: on one side pairing is in a state with ${L}_{z}=2$, on the other, pairing is in a state with $〈\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{L}}〉=0$. It is therefore essential to know the form of the corrections to the elementary BCS theory, whether or not they prove to be large.
Remark concerning the gravitational interaction of matter and anti-matter

The proposal is made that the gravitational force between matter and anti-matter is of the same magnitude as that between matter and matter, but of opposite sign. It is shown however, that this proposal leads to a violation of energy conservation. A cycle is considered in which energy is expended in production of a particle-antiparticle pair; the pair is transported to a different potential and annihilated; the photon returns to the original position. It is shown that an increase in energy occurs in this cycle, thus violating energy conservation. The same result is obtained if pi mesons are produced in the pair annihilation.
Surface Roughness and Its Effects on the Heat Transfer Mechanism in Spray Cooling

In the spray cooling of a heated surface, variations in the surface texture influence the flow field, altering the maximum liquid film thickness, the bubble diameter, vapor entrapment, bubble departure characteristics, and the ability to transfer heat. A new method for determining and designating the surface texture is proposed, and the effects of surface roughness on evaporation/nucleation in the spray cooling flow field studied. A one-dimensional Fourier analysis is applied to determine experimentally the surface profile of a surface polished with emery paper covering a spectrum of grit sizes between 0.3 to 22 {mu}m. Heat transfer measurements of liquid flow rates between 1 to 5 l/h and air flow rates between 0.1 to 0.4 l/s are presented. Maximum heat fluxes of 1,200 W/cm{sup 2} for the 0.3 {mu}m surface at very low superheats were obtained.
2·5 year remission of AIDS- associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with combined antiretroviral therapy

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) results from infection of the central nervous system with JC virus, a papovavirus, which causes demyelination in the white matter of the brain. Long-term survival in AIDS patients with PML is rare. There is no consistently effective treatment although cytarabine, interferon, and zidovudine (AZT) may occasionally result in regression. We report remission of PML-associated hemiparesis for 104 weeks during combination antiretroviral therapy including a protease inhibitor. A 35-year-old man and previous intravenous drug user, was admitted due to worsening neurological symptoms, including dysarthria, aphasia, a right-sided facial droop, right arm weakness, and a walk that listed to the right. A T2weighted MRI scan showed confluent high signal intensity in the left centrum semiovale, left corona radiata with extension into the left internal capsule, left cerebral peduncle, and the pontine cortical spinal tracts (left figure). There was faint enhancement without mass effect. The MRI findings were characteristic of those observed with PML. No brain biopsy was done. Laboratory studies (ELISA and western blot) established the diagnosis of HIV infection. The CD4 count was 30 cells/μL and his HIV viral load was 189 900 copies/mL. He began zidovudine 200 mg three times daily and didanosine 200 mg twice daily as part of a controlled trial. Over the next 2–4 weeks the patient’s ability to convey thoughts quickly and to speak clearly improved. By the 10th week of antiretroviral therapy, he began an exercise regimen which included weight-lifting and aerobic activity and, by week 12, he was able to return to work as a fisherman. At week 24, indinavir, a protease inhibitor, was added (600 mg every 6 hours) to the anti-HIV regimen. By week 44, the CD4 count had increased to 230 cells/μL and the viral load was 240 copies/mL. A repeat MRI scan, 16 months after the first, demonstrated improvement in the extent of the T2 abnormalities (right figure). In none of the reported cases of long-term survival of patients treated with zidovudine or cytarabine was the remission as complete as the one cited here, although, since a biopsy was not done, it is possible that the initial presentation of aphasia and right arm weakness was not due to PML, but to an unusual manifestation of HIV. In previously reported cases, either the original symptoms were less severe or the resolution of neurological deficits was not as complete. Our patient has survived beyond the mean (over 2 years from the onset of symptoms) and has regained over 95% of his original function. This remission has been associated with improvement in immune function, evident by the rise in CD4 count. As more effective antiretroviral regimens become available, there may be more frequent remissions in persons with PML.
Sediment and nutrient delivery from thermokarst features in the foothills of the North Slope, Alaska: Potential impacts on headwater stream ecosystems

[1] Permafrost is a defining characteristic of the Arctic environment. However, climate warming is thawing permafrost in many areas leading to failures in soil structure called thermokarst. An extensive survey of a 600 km2 area in and around the Toolik Lake Natural Research Area (TLNRA) revealed at least 34 thermokarst features, two thirds of which were new since ∼1980 when a high resolution aerial survey of the area was done. Most of these thermokarst features were associated with headwater streams or lakes. We have measured significantly increased sediment and nutrient loading from thermokarst features to streams in two well-studied locations near the TLNRA. One small thermokarst gully that formed in 2003 on the Toolik River in a 0.9 km2 subcatchment delivered more sediment to the river than is normally delivered in 18 years from 132 km2 in the adjacent upper Kuparuk River basin (a long-term monitoring reference site). Ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate concentrations downstream from a thermokarst feature on Imnavait Creek increased significantly compared to upstream reference concentrations and the increased concentrations persisted over the period of sampling (1999–2005). The downstream concentrations were similar to those we have used in a long-term experimental manipulation of the Kuparuk River and that have significantly altered the structure and function of that river. A subsampling of other thermokarst features from the extensive regional survey showed that concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate were always higher downstream of the thermokarst features. Our previous research has shown that even minor increases in nutrient loading stimulate primary and secondary production. However, increased sediment loading could interfere with benthic communities and change the responses to increased nutrient delivery. Although the terrestrial area impacted by thermokarsts is limited, the aquatic habitat altered by these failures can be extensive. If warming in the Arctic foothills accelerates thermokarst formation, there may be substantial and wide-spread impacts on arctic stream ecosystems that are currently poorly understood.
Black-white differences in the psychosocial outcomes of epilepsy

The present study tested the hypothesis that the stigma of being disabled and that of minority ethnic status yield more negative psychosocial outcomes for black than white persons with epilepsy. Black (n=55) and white (n=53) urban participants from a larger sample were matched for socioeconomic status and seizure frequency. Differences in these and key demographic variables were tested using chi(2) and t-tests and found to be non-significant. Group differences in psychosocial outcome variables were analyzed with the following results: (1) white subjects were more likely to have considered suicide and to have higher scores on the family background scale of the Washington Psychosocial Seizure Inventory (WPSI); (2) black subjects had significantly lower scores on the Beck Hopelessness Scale and significantly more optimistic attributional styles; and (3) no between-group differences were found on other psychosocial measures. The nature of family and community supports may determine intergroup differences.
Empiric acyclovir is infrequently initiated in the emergency department to patients ultimately diagnosed with encephalitis.

Study objective We evaluate the frequency of empiric acyclovir administration to patients in the emergency department (ED) who are ultimately diagnosed with encephalitis. Methods We conducted an explicit retrospective medical record review of consecutive patients discharged with a final diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis or viral encephalitis not otherwise specified for the period 1993 to 2003. The frequency of ED administration of empiric acyclovir was measured for patients who met the inclusion criteria of fever, neuropsychiatric abnormality, and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis with a negative Gram's stain result in the ED. Results Of the 90 patients reviewed, 24 (27%) met the inclusion criteria of fever, neuropsychiatric abnormality, and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis with a negative Gram's stain result in the ED. Of these 24 patients, 7 (29%) received empiric acyclovir in the ED, 6 (86%) patients after cerebrospinal fluid results were available, with a median time to administration of 1.5 hours (95% confidence interval [CI] 0 to 3.1 hours). The remaining 17 (71%) patients did not receive acyclovir in the ED, with median times of 16 hours (95% CI 7.5 to 44 hours) before initiation of acyclovir in inpatient settings. Conclusion The majority of patients in our institution who were ultimately diagnosed with encephalitis did not receive empiric acyclovir in the ED, despite clinical presentations consistent with encephalitis.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a genetic region from Serratia marcescens involved in DNA repair.

Summary We report here the molecular isolation of a DNA fragment which encodes Tag-like activity from the Gram-negative bacterium Serratia marcescens. A recombinant plasmid encoding Tag-like activity was isolated from a S. marcescens plasmid gene library by complementation of an Escherichia coli tag mutant, which is deficient in 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase I. The clone complements E. coli tag, recA, alkA, but not alkB, mutants for resistance to the DNA-damaging agent methyl methanesulphonate (MMS). The coding region of the Tag activity, initially isolated on a 6.5kb BamHI fragment, was defined to a 1.8kb BglII-Smal fragment. Labelling of plasmid-encoded proteins using maxicells revealed that the 1.8kb fragment encodes two proteins of molecular weights 42000 and 16000. Data presented here suggest that the cloned fragment encodes a DNA repair protein(s) that has similar activity to the 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase I of E. coli.
Fabless-foundry partnerships: research on coordination issues

The fabless-foundry partnership business constitutes about 17% of total market in the semiconductor industry and is expected to reach $68 billion by the end of this century. The growth of this market is expected to be even more significant in sub-micron technologies. Given the rate of growth and the high technology profile of products, large investment of capital, time, and effort have to be dedicated for ensuring successful partnership outcomes. We outline the potential problems of coordination that may arise in such partnerships. We also propose an agenda for studying such coordination issues, with special emphasis on yield management.
POPULATION DENSITY IN FIFTEENTH CENTURY FRANCE AND THE LOW COUNTRIES

ABSTRACT Although the history of population in Europe is known in broad outline, there are few precise estimates of its size and distribution in pre-censal periods. An attempt is made to review the evidence for population size and population change in the fifteenth century; to calculate densities for as many areas as possible, and by extrapolation, to prepare a population map for France and the Low Countries in the fifteenth century. The primary sources are the hearth rolls, which were compiled for tax purposes, and give the number of hearths in each named settlement in a number of areas. Collateral materials of similar quality were used for some urban places not included in the hearth rolls. The map compiled from these data indicates that France and the Low Countries in the fifteenth century were a well-peopled region in which the density of population varied directly with the quality of the soil. Land quality was utilized in extrapolating from the areas for which population density is established to the...
Reducing peak corneal haze after photorefractive keratectomy in rabbits: Prednisolone acetate 1.00% versus cyclosporine A 0.05%

Purpose To compare the effects of topical cyclosporine A 0.05% (Restasis) with those of prednisolone acetate 1.00% (Pred Forte) on corneal haze after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Setting Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine–Orange, California, USA. Design Experimental study. Methods After −9.00 diopter PRK, 15 rabbits were divided into 3 groups and treated for 4 weeks with prednisolone acetate 1.00% or cyclosporine A 0.05% or neither (control). Corneal haze was measured by in vivo confocal microscopy preoperatively and 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively. At 12 weeks, the corneas were evaluated for collagen organization by ex vivo 2-photon second-harmonic generation and stromal cell density. Results Corneal haze was significantly less in the prednisolone acetate group than in the cyclosporine and control groups during the first 6 weeks postoperatively ( P P Conclusion Cyclosporine A 0.05% had no effect on wound healing after PRK, while prednisolone acetate 1.00% significantly reduced peak corneal haze but had no effect on long-term corneal haze after discontinuation of the drug. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Pollination Biology of Astragalus phoenix (Fabaceae) with Notes on the Natural History of its Pollinator, Anthophora porterae (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Astragalus (Fabaceae) is a broadly distributed, diverse, and economically important group of plants. Given the number of species and its distribution, it is not surprising that there are many species that are highly restricted and endangered. Among these is the Ash Meadows milkvetch, Astragalus phoenix. Here we investigate the breeding biology of As. phoenix. Our data show that As. phoenix is xenogamous and that Anthophora porterae (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is the most likely pollinator. We also noticed Apis mellifera visiting As. phoenix, though it appears unlikely that Ap. rnellifera contributes significantly to the reproductive success of As. phoenix. We located a nesting aggregation of An. porterae and offer a description of its nest architecture.
Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry of Gold-Silver-Copper Standards for Comparison with Historic Gold Objects

Seven ternary mixtures of gold(80-95%)-silver(4-15%)-copper(1-15%) were prepared as standards for the determination of elemental composition by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). Two geometric forms (flat and oblate) of the standards were prepared for comparison to the analyses of historic gold objects. Surface analyses were performed. Polished sections of the standards were also analysed Comparison between two methods for collecting EDS data is reported. The analyses are discussed in terms of developing a generalized methodology for estimating elemental composition of museum artifacts.
Prediction of n‑Alkane Adsorption on Activated Carbon Using the SAFT−FMT−DFT Approach

The SAFT–FMT–DFT approach to adsorption equilibrium combines elements of the statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT), fundamental measure theory (FMT), and classical density functional theory (DFT) to create a framework to model fluids described as chain molecules in the presence of external fields. In this paper, the SAFT–FMT–DFT approach is used to calculate single pore isotherms to develop a pore size distribution for BPL activated carbon, described by the 10–4–3 fluid-wall potential, based on nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. The nitrogen pore isotherms show a progression of monolayer transitions, pore filling, and pore condensation. The pore size distribution is used to predict excess adsorption isotherms for methane, ethane, n-butane, n-pentane, and n-hexane adsorbed on the carbon at 298.15 and 348.15 K. Parameters for interaction of the molecules with the solid are obtained using experimental data for adsorption of each alkane on the planar wall of a nonporous graphitized carbon. The predicted exces...
A pivotal role for PINK1 and autophagy in mitochondrial quality control: implications for Parkinson disease

The PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) is a mitochondrially targeted serine-threonine kinase, which is linked to autosomal recessive familial parkinsonism. Current literature implicates PINK1 as a pivotal regulator of mitochondrial quality control, promoting maintenance of respiring mitochondrial networks through cristae stabilization, phosphorylation of chaperones and possibly regulation of mitochondrial transport or autophagy. Pulse-chase studies indicate that PINK1 is rapidly processed into at least two shorter forms, which are distributed in both mitochondrial and cytosolic compartments. Through indirect regulation of mitochondrial proteases and Drp1, PINK1 may act to facilitate localized repair and fusion in response to minor mitochondrial stress. With severe mitochondrial damage, PINK1 facilitates aggregation and clearance of depolarized mitochondria through interactions with Parkin and possibly Beclin1. This switch in function most probably involves altered processing, post-translational modification and/or localization of PINK1, as overexpression of full-length PINK1 is required for mitochondrial Parkin recruitment. Under conditions of PINK1 deficiency, dysregulation of reactive oxygen species, electron transport chain function and calcium homeostasis trigger altered mitochondrial dynamics, indicating compromise of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. Nevertheless, Parkin- and Beclin1-regulated mitochondrial autophagy remains effective at recycling PINK1-deficient mitochondria; failure of this final tier of mitochondrial quality control contributes to cell death. Thus, PINK1 plays a pivotal, multifactorial role in mitochondrial homeostasis. As autophagic recycling represents the final tier of mitochondrial quality control, whether PINK1 levels are enhanced or reduced, strategies to promote selective mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis may prove effective for multiple forms of Parkinson's disease.
Life-cycle-cost considerations for launch vehicle liquid propellant rocket engine

This paper discusses the engine cost contribution to the life cycle cost of launch vehicles and what cost differences exist between engines designed for expendable and reusable vehicles. The cost drivers in the engine development and production phases, and during vehicle flight operation, are delineated. Analysis of historical cost data and parametric cost modeling were used as a basis for the cost observations. Several measures for potential engine cost reduction are discussed. These include the early use of a test bed, and the selection of the Space Shuttle Main Engine reliability and test approach for development; the introduction of multiyear buys for expendable engines to capitalize on the cost advantages of high production quantities and rates through low-cost fabrication method with automation; and the decrease in operation and support costs for reusable engines due to the use of long life and high mean time between replacement components, and by extensively employing condition monitoring and diagnostic instrumentation. The lessons learned from past booster engine programs, e.g., the F-l, J-2, and SSME, with regard to engine life cycle cost, provide some valuable insights for the next generation of launch vehicle booster engines.
Protocols and impossibility results for gossip-based communication mechanisms

In recent years, gossip-based algorithms have gained prominence as a methodology for designing robust and scalable communication schemes in large distributed systems. The premise underlying distributed gossip is very simple: in each time step, each node v in the system selects some other node w as a communication partner, generally by a simple randomized rule, and exchanges information with w; over a period of time, information spreads through the system in an "epidemic fashion". A fundamental issue which is not well understood is the following: how does the underlying low-level gossip mechanism (the means by which communication partners are chosen) affect one's ability to design efficient high-level gossip-based protocols? We establish one of the first concrete results addressing this question, by showing a fundamental limitation on the power of the commonly used uniform gossip mechanism for solving nearest-resource location problems. In contrast, very efficient protocols for this problem can be designed using a non-uniform spatial gossip mechanism, as established in earlier work with Alan Demers. We go on to consider the design of protocols for more complex problems, providing an efficient distributed gossip-based protocol for a set of nodes in Euclidean space to construct an approximate minimum spanning tree. Here too, we establish a contrasting limitation on the power of uniform gossip for solving this problem. Finally, we investigate gossip-based packet routing as a primitive that underpins the communication patterns in many protocols, and as a way to understand the capabilities of different gossip mechanisms at a general level.
Pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) germination and emergence as affected by environmental factors and seeding depth

Abstract Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effect of light, temperature, solution pH, solution osmotic potential, and oxygen concentration on pitted morningglory germination and radicle plus hypocotyl elongation, and seeding depth on its subsequent emergence. Daily exposure of seed to natural light resulted in lower germination than in darkness, whereas germination was not influenced by brief exposure to red or far-red light. Germination occurred over a wide range of constant temperatures, from 7.5 to 52.5 C, with optimum germination between 20 and 25 C. Germination occurred at solution pH range of 3 to 10 and was optimal from pH 6 to 8. Radicle plus hypocotyl elongation was influenced by the interaction of temperature and solution pH. A combination of acidic medium (pH 6) and high temperature (30 C) resulted in the greatest radicle plus hypocotyl length of 7.6 cm after a 7-d incubation. Germination and radicle plus hypocotyl elongation, averaged over the 15 and 30 C te...
A comparison of the nature and correlates of panic attacks in the context of Panic Disorder and Social Anxiety Disorder

Abstract Panic attacks occurring outside of Panic Disorder are not well-understood despite their inclusion as a diagnostic specifier in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5). This study compares panic attacks in the context of Panic Disorder compared to social anxiety in terms of their symptom frequency, severity, and clinical correlates. Method: Participants ( n =404) were interviewed using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (ADIS-IV-L; Brown et al., 1994), from which we analyzed interviewer ratings of panic attacks and panic attack symptoms, as well as other demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: Panic attacks in the context of Panic Disorder were characterized by a greater number and severity of symptoms compared to panic attacks in the context of Social Anxiety Disorder, and were associated with a history of traumatization, inpatient psychiatric treatment, and benzodiazepine use. Social anxiety panic attacks were associated with reduced physical health concerns. Cognitive panic attack symptoms were more prevalent in Panic Disorder and were associated with a variety of poor clinical correlates. Conclusions: Panic attacks in the context of Panic Disorder are more severe than those in social anxiety, and this may be driven by cognitive disturbances during those attacks.
Could brain magnetic resonance imaging be of value in patients with Takotsubo syndrome without apparent brain lesions

Article history: Received 9 September 2015 Accepted 3 October 2015 Available online 8 October 2015 TTSwhohad assessment of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the acute phase of the illness and at follow-up, after the normalization of themyocardial function [8]. CBF, and presumably brain activity, was found to be increased acutely in the hippocampus, brainstem, and basal ganglia, and decreased in the prefrontal cortex, with partial normalization of these changes at follow-up. In that study of patients with TTS and no brain pathology CBF patterns were transiently disturbed [9,10].
Bifurcation with Higher Dimensional Null Spaces

To motivate the problems to be discussed in this section, consider M: Λ × X → Z, M(0, 0) = 0, and suppose D x M(0, 0) is Fredholm of index zero. The method of Liapunov–Schmidt reduces the study of local bifurcation to the study of a system of nonlinear equations f(λ, u) = 0 for u ∈ ℝ k , f ∈ ℝ k , where k = dim N(D x M(0,0)). If k = 1 and ∂ 2 f(0,0)/∂u2 ≠ 0, we have seen in Section 6.2 that the local bifurcations are determined by a scalar function of λ. If ∂2f(0,0)/∂u2 = 0,∂3f(0,0)/∂u 3 ≠ 0, we have also seen in Section 6.4 that the local bifurcations are determined by two scalar functions of λ. In Section 6.8, we have also discussed the situation for arbitrary k—the basic result being that the local bifurcations are determined by a polynomial of degree k whose coefficients are functions of λ.
Structural Redundancy and Robust Organizations

We introduce the concept of structural redundancy as a qualitatively different kind of reconciliation between two long-standing focuses of organizational and groups research - heterogeneity and homogeneity in organizations' personnel. Redundancy captures the structural arrangement whereby similarity - in peoples' backgrounds, for instance - exists among people across different organizational levels. We propose the benefits of redundancy are threefold. First, the non-zero amount of interpersonal similarity (i.e., homogeneity) inherent to redundant structures should improve trust, social integration, and coordination by providing a supportive, cross-level subgroup for individual members of an organization or collective. Second, because homogenous sub-groups span organizational levels, the kind of homogeneity facilitated by structural redundancy should not present the same degree of disruption as homogeneous sub-groups in organizations where redundancy is not present. Third, in settings where heterogeneity among individuals in a single organizational level is beneficial - for instance, by fostering flexibility or creativity and thereby positively affecting performance - redundancy engenders robust heterogeneity by allowing for cross-level substitution and improves long-term group performance by distributing tacit knowledge across multiple individuals. We identify and explore the effects of structural redundancy using panel data on team performance from the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the 1986-2008 seasons.