cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Communication Between Physicians and Physical Therapists

The purposes of this study were 1) to identify therapists' and physicians' attitudes and opinions about the physician-physical therapist communication dyad, 2) to identify potential areas for improvement in this communication process, and 3) to provide physical therapists and physical therapy students with basic guidelines for optimal communications. Ten physical therapists and 8 physicians participated in individual interviews that were taped and subsequently transcribed. The transcriptions were compiled and analyzed by an interpersonal communication expert (B.W.B.) for trends and themes. Findings of the study include 1) physical therapists want increased accessibility to and communication with physicians and 2) physicians want brief communication with clear objective data provided by the therapists. Basic guidelines developed for physical therapy students as a result of this study include 1) identify physicians with whom you can communicate most easily, 2) learn your physicians' schedules, 3) organize beforehand so that communication is clear and concise, 4) be polite but self-assured, 5) ask your supervisor or other staff therapists for advice, and 6) use the telephone discriminately. This study emphasizes that communication with physicians must be approached on an individual basis. Each physician differs in personality, philosophy of patient care, and expectations of physical therapy. Therapists should take the initiative in developing good rapport and maintaining a viable relationship with physicians.
Use concurrent programming models to motivate teaching of programming languages

Undergraduate computer science students typically have only a limited understanding of their favorite languages and no inkling of other programming paradigms. Yet modern programmers typically work with several languages, and the availability of cheap concurrency is exposing fundamental problems in standard concurrent programming techniques (mutable objects and threads). This situation presents a great opportunity: by exploring nonstandard techniques for gaining intellectual control over concurrent programs, one can motivate and teach important semantic concepts (such as scoping) and important programming concepts (such as functional abstraction). Such a curriculum stimulates student interest in exploring new programming paradigms.
Topical TrustRank: using topicality to combat web spam

Web spam is behavior that attempts to deceive search engine ranking algorithms. TrustRank is a recent algorithm that can combat web spam. However, TrustRank is vulnerable in the sense that the seed set used by TrustRank may not be sufficiently representative to cover well the different topics on the Web. Also, for a given seed set, TrustRank has a bias towards larger communities. We propose the use of topical information to partition the seed set and calculate trust scores for each topic separately to address the above issues. A combination of these trust scores for a page is used to determine its ranking. Experimental results on two large datasets show that our Topical TrustRank has a better performance than TrustRank in demoting spam sites or pages. Compared to TrustRank, our best technique can decrease spam from the top ranked sites by as much as 43.1%.
A Reference Manual for Life Science Researchers

Review of: Current Protocols Essential Laboratory Techniques , 2nd ed.; Sean Gallagher and Emily Wiley, eds.; (2012). John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ. 664 pages.
Design and development of an automated band wrapper robot for grapevine pest control

With a view toward enhancing pest control and achieving organic requirements in wine industry, development of a prototypical autonomous vehicle that automatically applies a band barrier on grapevine is detailed in this paper. A novel band wrapper mechanism is proposed in this work. The band wrapper serving as the carrier for pest control is applied by the vehicle's six-degree-of-freedom articulator real-time controlled through classical inverse kinematics. It is found in the laboratory that the automated band wrapper robot can successfully detect a rod-like object and optimally place the band wrapper on the desired location for pest control.
Cutting Edge: Defective Follicular Exclusion of Apoptotic Antigens Due to Marginal Zone Macrophage Defects in Autoimmune BXD2 Mice

Marginal zone macrophages (MZMs) act as a barrier to entry of circulating apoptotic debris into the follicles of secondary lymphoid organs. In autoimmune BXD2 mice, there is a progressive reduction in the function and numbers of MZMs. Absence of MZMs results in retention of apoptotic cell (AC) debris within the marginal zone (MZ) and increased loading of AC Ags on MZ B cells and MZ-precursor (MZ-P) B cells. The MZ-P B cells are capable of translocating the AC Ags to the follicular zone and stimulating T cells. Both MZMs and MZ-P B cells from BXD2 mice express low levels of tolerogenic signals and high levels of inflammatory signals. Thus, the current study suggests a multifaceted mechanism in which MZMs maintain tolerance to apoptotic autoantigens and suppress their translocation to follicles. Lack of clearance of apoptotic debris by MZMs drives follicular Ag-transportation by MZ-P B cells to stimulate an autoimmune response.
Design and performance of an electrothermal MEMS microengine capable of bi-directional motion

Several microactuator technologies have been investigated for positioning individual elements in large-scale microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Electrostatic, magnetostatic, piezoelectric and thermal expansion represent the most common modes of microactuator operation. This research focuses on the design and comparative performance evaluation of asymmetrical electrothermal actuators. The motivation is to present a unified description of the behavior of the electrothermal actuator so that it can be adapted to a variety of microsensor and microactuator applications. The MEMS polysilicon surface micromachined electrothermal actuator uses resistive (Joule) heating to generate thermal expansion and movement. In the traditional asymmetrical electrothermal actuator design, the single-hot arm is narrower than the cold arm, and thus, the electrical resistance of the hot arm is greater. When an electrical current passes through the device (both the hot and cold arms), the hot arm is heated to a higher temperature than the cold arm. This temperature differential causes the hot arm to expand along its length, thus forcing the tip of the device to rotate about the flexure. Another variant of the asymmetrical design features a double-hot arm arrangement that eliminates the parasitic electrical resistance of the cold arm. Furthermore, the second hot arm improves electromechanical efficiency by providing a return current conductor that is also mechanically active. In this design, the rotating cold arm can have a narrower flexure compared to the flexure in the traditional single-hot arm device because it no longer needs to conduct an electrical current. The narrower flexure results in an improvement in mechanical efficiency. This research compares the tip deflection performance of the asymmetrical single- and double-hot arm electrothermal actuator designs. Deflection measurements of both actuator designs as a function of arm length and applied electrical power are presented. As a practical application of the electrothermal actuator, the recent realization of a MEMS microengine is described, and evidence of its bi-directional motion is presented. The electrothermal actuator and microengine designs were accomplished with the MEMSPro® CAD software program, and they were fabricated using the MEMSCAP Integrated Microsystems Multi-User Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Process® (MUMPs) foundry.
A Quantitative Fluoroscopic Comparison of the Coronary Sinus Ostium in Patients With and Without AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia

Coronary Sinus Ostium. Introdttctlon: Tbe purpose of tbis study was to perform a quantitative fluoroscopic analysis of the coronary sinus ostium and its relationship to the His bundle in patients witb and without AV nodal reentrant tacbycardia. Sites of slow patbway ablation are often near the coronary sinus ostium, which can be located witbin a few millimeters of tbe His bundle. Wbetber such close proximity of the coronary sinus ostium to tbe His bundle is unique to patients with AV nodal reentrant tachycardia is unknown. Methods and Results: Fifty consecutive patients (mean age 39 ± 14 years) with no structural heart disease underwent electropbysiologic testing and radiofrequency ablation. Tbe study group consisted of 28 patients witb inducible AV nodal reentrant tachycardia or dual AV nodal physiology and 22 patients in tbe control group. A coronary sinus venogram was performed in each patient. The coronary sinus ostium was similar in size in tbe study group (II.4 ± 4.5 mm) and in the control group (10.5 ± 3.6 mm, P = 0.2). The coronary sinus ostium was funnel shaped in balf of the study patients and in half of the control patients {P = LO). Tbe mean distance from the upper lip of tbe coronary sinus ostium to tbe tip of tbe His bundle catheter was 9.7 ± 5.5 mm in the study group and 10.4 ± 5.1 mm in the control group (P = 0.7). The mean distance from tbe lower lip of tbe coronary sinus ostium to tbe tip of the His-bundle catheter in tbe study group was 20.1 ± 6.1 mm and 19.5 ± 5.6 mm in tbe control group {P = 0.7). Conclusion: This study demonstrates a wide range of normal coronary sinus ostium diameters, morphology, and anatomic relationships witb surrounding structures, with no demonstrable correlation to the presence or absence of dual AV node pbysiology or AV nodal reentrant
Unsupervised feature selection via two-way ordering in gene expression analysis

Motivation: Selection of genes most relevant and informative for certain phenotypes is an important aspect in gene expression analysis. Most current methods select genes based on known phenotype information. However, certain set of genes may correspond to new phenotypes which are yet unknown, and it is important to develop novel effective selection methods for their discovery without using any prior phenotype information. Results: We propose and study a new method to select relevant genes based on their similarity information only. The method relies on a mechanism for discarding irrelevant genes. A two-way ordering of gene expression data can force irrelevant genes towards the middle in the ordering and thus can be discarded. Mechanisms based on variance and principal component analysis are also studied. When applied to expression profiles of colon cancer and leukemia, the unsupervised method outperforms the baseline algorithm that simply uses all genes, and it also selects relevant genes close to those selected using supervised methods. Supplement: More results and software are online: http:
Looks and Lies: The Role of Physical Attractiveness in Online Dating Self-Presentation and Deception

This study examines the role of online daters’ physical attractiveness in their profile self-presentation and, in particular, their use of deception. Sixty-nine online daters identified the deceptions in their online dating profiles and had their photograph taken in the lab. Independent judges rated the online daters’ physical attractiveness. Results show that the lower online daters’ attractiveness, the more likely they were to enhance their profile photographs and lie about their physical descriptors (height, weight, age). The association between attractiveness and deception did not extend to profile elements unrelated to their physical appearance (e.g., income, occupation), suggesting that their deceptions were limited and strategic. Results are discussed in terms of (a) evolutionary theories about the importance of physical attractiveness in the dating realm and (b) the technological affordances that allow online daters to engage in selective self-presentation.
Hemorrhagic cholecystitis simulating gallbladder carcinoma.

Hemorrhage within the gallbladder lumen is an infrequent complication of acute cholecystitis. However, an organized thrombus can simulate a polypoid intraluminal mass, as might be seen with gallbladder carcinoma. Pulsed and color flow Doppler imaging may help distinguish a clot from a tumor because the presence of flow within a mass usually indicates neovascular flow in a tumor. An example of a clinical application is when sonography is used to distinguish a structure from a tumor thrombus in the portal vein. In this report, we describe a case of acute gangrenous cholecystitis in which sonographic identification of patent vessels located within intraluminal sloughed mucosa simulated the presence of flow within a soft tissue mass. This was inadvertently considered suggestive of a gallbladder neoplasm, and the patient underwent a computed tomographic (CT) scan for further characterization. Awareness of this phenomenon occurring in acute cholecystitis should facilitate urgent surgical treatment.
The impact of T and N stage on long-term survival of rectal cancer patients in the community.

Background and Objectives Use of the TNM staging system has been encouraged for rectal cancer patients. This study examined the impact of T and N stages on long-term survival as well as the performance of associated risk classification systems. Methods Patients who underwent surgery for rectal adenocarcinoma from 1988 to 2004 were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed for subgroups of patients defined by T and N stage. Results For the overall population of 30,826 patients, both T and N stage significantly impacted overall survival (P < 0.001). N stage variably affected survival for subgroups of patients based on T stage, whereas T stage significantly affected survival regardless of N stage. A previously developed risk classification system that assigns one of four risk levels outperformed AJCC group staging in this cohort. Based on long-term outcomes, a modified risk classification system was constructed which was highly prognostic for long-term overall survival (P < 0.001). Conclusions Rectal cancer patients experience widely varying survival rates based on extent of disease. A new risk classification system is proposed that provides better prognostic information than AJCC group staging, suggesting current rectal cancer staging systems may be improved with appropriate revisions. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:161–166. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Adaptive Arrays Can Be Used to Separate Communication Signals

Using eigentheory, it is shown how up to n unknown independent narrowband signals arriving from different directions at an array of n antenna elements can be separated into n channels where each channel contains primarily one signal. An expression for the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) on eachoutput channel is determined analytically and evaluated for many illustrative cases. The results show that in most cases the SIR is + 10 dB or greater; only when two signals arrive within a few degrees of each other does the SIR fall substantially below 0 dB.
HPSP‐13: Perspectives and summary remarks

Highlights of the 13th International Conference on High Pressure Semiconductor Physics (Fortaleza, Brazil, July 2008) are reviewed, along with some historical perspectives about the HPSP conference series, and present plans for the HPSP-14 meeting in 2010. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transgender men and pregnancy

Transgender people have experienced significant advances in societal acceptance despite experiencing continued stigma and discrimination. While it can still be difficult to access quality health care, and there is a great deal to be done to create affirming health care organizations, there is growing interest around the United States in advancing transgender health. The focus of this commentary is to provide guidance to clinicians caring for transgender men or other gender nonconforming people who are contemplating, carrying, or have completed a pregnancy. Terms transgender and gender nonconforming specifically refer to those whose gender identity (e.g., being a man) differs from their female sex assigned at birth. Many, if not most transgender men retain their female reproductive organs and retain the capacity to have children. Review of their experience demonstrates the need for preconception counseling that includes discussion of stopping testosterone while trying to conceive and during pregnancy, and anticipating increasing experiences of gender dysphoria during and after pregnancy. The clinical aspects of delivery itself fall within the realm of routine obstetrical care, although further research is needed into how mode and environment of delivery may affect gender dysphoria. Postpartum considerations include discussion of options for chest (breast) feeding, and how and when to reinitiate testosterone. A positive perinatal experience begins from the moment transgender men first present for care and depends on comprehensive affirmation of gender diversity.
Event-related potential correlates of mindfulness meditation competence

Abstract Objective: This cross-sectional study evaluated event-related potentials (ERPs) across three groups: naive, novice, and experienced meditators as potential physiological markers of mindfulness meditation competence. Methods: Electroencephalographic (EEG) data were collected during a target tone detection task and a Breath Counting task. The Breath Counting task served as the mindfulness meditation condition for the novice and experienced meditator groups. Participants were instructed to respond to target tones with a button press in the first task (Tones), and then ignore the primed tones while Breath Counting. The primary outcomes were ERP responses to target tones, namely the N2 and P3, as markers of stimulus discrimination and attention, respectively. Results: As expected, P3 amplitudes elicited by target tones were attenuated within groups during the Breath Counting task in comparison to the Tones task (p
The Building Adapter: Towards Quickly Applying Building Analytics at Scale

Building analytics can produce substantial energy savings in commercial buildings by automatically detecting wasteful or incorrect operations. However, a new building's sensing and control points need to be mapped to the inputs of an analytics engine before analysis is feasible and the process of mapping is a highly manual process - a key obstacle to scaling up building analytics. In this paper, we present new techniques to perform automatic mapping without any manual intervention. Our approach builds on and improves upon techniques from transfer learning: it learns a set of statistic classifiers of the metadata from a labeled building and adaptively integrates those classifiers to another unlabeled building, even if the two buildings have very different metadata conventions. We evaluate this approach using 7 days' data from over 2,500 sensors located in 3 commercial buildings. Results indicate that this approach can automatically label at least 36% of the points with more than 85% accuracy, while the best baseline achieves only 63% label accuracy on average. These techniques represent a first step towards technology that would enable any new building analytics engine to scale quickly to the 10's of millions of commercial buildings across the globe, without the need for manual mapping on a per-building basis.
Crack dynamics via Lagrange's equations and generalized coordinates

Cracks that are subjected to a sudden, sufficiently large, increase in stress respond with a combination of opening and unstable growth. This behavior is idealized here by representing the opening and growth as two generalized coordinates and determining the corresponding Lagrangean. Then the equation of motion are established for an arbitrary time-dependent driving pressure. Lagrange's equations are especially appropriate for systems involving dissipation, nonholonomic constraints, and other such processes that can not be accounted for in a Hamiltonian formulation. It is shown that the standard results for crack opening and stability are consequences of the Lagrange formulation, as is an algebraic expression for crack speed. Of course, the solution for the crack dynamics is approximate, but solving the full PDEs for the unstable cracks in a brittle structure (∼10,000 cracks/cc) is not practical, nor would it be appropriate since the details of the cracks vary between samples. Thus, the Lagrange formulation makes it possible to analyze brittle materials containing an ensemble of cracks in an efficient manner. In an example the ODEs are integrated numerically and it is shown that the results are consistent with analytic results. In that work the surface energy is considered constant, but when the stresses are modest, crack growth is governed by creep processes. It is shown that this slow growth can be accounted for by letting the surface energy depend on the stress-intensity factor in a manner that is based on crack-speed data.
Seeding the Clouds for the Perfect Storm: A Commentary on the Current Fiscal Crisis

When the National Conference of State Legislatures (Pound 2009) issued its report on the fiscal condition of states in February 2009, few would have guessed how much worse conditions would be by the fall. With national unemployment hovering around 10 percent, trending upward toward 14 percent in some states and nearly 20 percent in some metropolitan areas, it is little wonder that journalists call this the Great Recession. The benchmark is no longer how bad things are in comparison with the recession of 1981-83 but rather how bad things are in compari son with the 1930s. For a variety of reasons, the comparisons to neither the 1980s nor the 1930s are useful. Many of the negative statistics can be compared and found to be similar. Unfortunately, many of the policy mechanisms that helped address the fiscal crisis in cities and states in the 1970s and
Estimation of Nitrogenous Compounds in the Feces of Boll Weevils, Anthonomus grandis, Fed Different Diets

The effects on the nitrogenous end products of the metabolism of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, fed on artificial diet, cotton squares, or bolls were determined. Fecal analyses for amino nitrogen, ammonia, creatine, creatinine, guanine, urea, and uric acid showed that presence of these materials varied with the type of diet fed the insects. The purine guanine was found in relatively large quantities in the feces of weevils fed all 3 diets. A metabolic block in its deamination was hypothesized.
Microscopic Architecture Protects Against Piranhas

One of the largest freshwater fish (2 to 2.5 meters long, over 150 kg) lives in the Amazonian rivers and lakes. It is well known that these waters are populated with piranhas that swarm and devour almost anything that moves. The lungfish Arapaima giga s coexists with piranhas by virtue of an armor-like plating of scales. Y.S. Lin, C.T. Wei, E.A. Olevsky, and Marc Meyers examined the microscopic structure and mechanical properties of these scales to discover what provided this protection.
Retrieving information on clinical trial methodology

Evidence derived from several simple searchers of the literature suggests that one interested in identifying papers which discuss the methodologies of clinical trials will have reasonable success. However, the retrieval of a meaningful methodologic duscussion of any actual trial is unlikely because very little of this information has been published. Some suggestions to remedy this deficiency are given.
Correction of venlafaxine- and duloxetine-induced transaminase elevations with desvenlafaxine in a patient with Gilbert's syndrome

Recent reviews have questioned whether the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) desvenlafaxine succinate offers any practical clinical advantages over existing SNRIs. The following case is one instance where it appears that this SNRI offers unique safety and benefit. Presented is a case report of a patient with Gilbert's syndrome, longstanding social phobia, and more recent depressive disorder not otherwise specified, who was found to have elevated liver transaminases when prescribed both duloxetine and venlafaxine. The patient subsequently responded to desvenlafaxine but without liver abnormalities. In this patient with Gilbert's Syndrome, desvenlafaxine's lack of metabolism through the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 pathway may explain the avoidance of these abnormalities and thus suggests a possible therapeutic role for this SNRI in similarly susceptible patients.
Brain potentials predict substance abuse treatment completion in a prison sample.

Introduction National estimates suggest that up to 80% of prison inmates meet diagnostic criteria for a substance use disorder. Because more substance abuse treatment while incarcerated is associated with better post-release outcomes, including a reduced risk of accidental overdose death, the stakes are high in developing novel predictors of substance abuse treatment completion in inmate populations. Methods Using electroencephalography (EEG), this study investigated stimulus-locked ERP components elicited by distractor stimuli in three tasks (VO-Distinct, VO-Repeated, Go/NoGo) as a predictor of treatment discontinuation in a sample of male and female prison inmates. We predicted that those who discontinued treatment early would exhibit a less positive P3a amplitude elicited by distractor stimuli. Results Our predictions regarding ERP components were partially supported. Those who discontinued treatment early exhibited a less positive P3a amplitude and a less positive PC4 in the VO-D task. In the VO-R task, however, those who discontinued treatment early exhibited a more negative N200 amplitude rather than the hypothesized less positive P3a amplitude. The discontinuation group also displayed less positive PC4 amplitude. Surprisingly, there were no time-domain or principle component differences among the groups in the Go/NoGo task. Support Vector Machine (SVM) models of the three tasks accurately classified individuals who discontinued treatment with the best model accurately classifying 75% of inmates. PCA techniques were more sensitive in differentiating groups than the classic time-domain windowed approach. Conclusions Our pattern of findings are consistent with the context-updating theory of P300 and may help identify subtypes of ultrahigh-risk substance abusers who need specialized treatment programs.
Kinetic profiling an abundantly expressed planarian serotonergic GPCR identifies bromocriptine as a perdurant antagonist.

The diversity and uniqueness of flatworm G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) provides impetus for identifying ligands useful as tools for studying flatworm biology, or as therapeutics for treating diseases caused by parasitic flatworm infections. To catalyse this discovery process, technologies optimized for mammalian GPCR high throughput screening need be transposed for screening flatworm GPCRs. Here, we demonstrate the utility of a genetically encoded cAMP biosensor for resolving the properties of an abundantly expressed planarian serotonergic GPCR (S7.1R). Application of this methodology resolved the real time kinetics of GPCR modulation by ligands and demonstrated a marked difference in the kinetic action of antagonists at S7.1R. Notably, bromocriptine caused a protracted inhibition of S7.1R activity in vitro and a protracted paralysis of planarian movement, replicating the effect of S7.1R in vivo RNAi. The lengthy inhibition of function caused by bromocriptine at this abundantly expressed GPCR provides a useful tool to ablate serotonergic signaling in vivo, and is a noteworthy feature for exploitation as an anthelmintic vulnerability.
Optical associative holographic memories

Several novel types of optical associative memory are reported. These are memories in which a stored piece of information can be retrieved whole when the probing input is only partially complete. The memory somehow finds that stored message, among many, which most closely resembles the input and puts it out.1–3
Origins of the European Economy: Sea change in late antiquity

I t is hard to overemphasize how deeply the Mediterranean pervaded imperial civilization. The great cities clustered around its beaches, while its climate shaped the Roman lifestyle and food production, fostering the classic dietary triad of wheat, oil, and wine. Its fish adorned the Romans' mosaics and flavored their dishes. Above all, the mastery of its waters allowed the unprecedented degree of interregional economic specialization and integration which accompanied political and cultural unification. The main reason for this economic importance has been noted many times. Moving goods by sea was dramatically cheaper than moving them by land. Diocletian's Edict on Prices substantiates the classic observation that it cost less “to ship grain from one end of the Mediterranean to the other than to cart it 75 miles.” To understand the fate of the ancient economy, it is essential to grasp a few facets of late Roman shipping. The key structural issues are the relation between sea transport and commerce, the impact of state subsidies on shipping, and the characteristics of ports, ships, and their cargoes. They will prepare us to consider the profound changes in the shipment of goods around the Mediterranean that archaeologists are now uncovering; these are matched by changes in the shipping itself. They culminated in the seventh century and created an entirely new seascape in the eighth. Transport and commerce Sea transport was inherently cheaper. But was it commercially significant? Recent studies have emphasized that, in volume, the greatest shipments were non-commercial transports of state supplies.
Designs of W-band TWT amplifiers with large beam tunnels

Three novel designs of W-band TWTs have been developed at the Plasma Science and Fusion Center at MIT. These designs incorporate high-order mode operation, and photonic band gap lattices to provide large diameter beam tunnels, compared to traditional designs. The first successful overmoded TWT was already built and tested, and a second design is underway.
Femtosecond Dynamics of Nanoscale Molecular Heterogeneity

Using femtosecond infrared nano-spectroscopy we probe spatial variations in vibrational coherence in molecular solids. With attomolar sensitivity we resolve the homogeneous response limit identifying static and dynamic heterogeneities in local chemical environments.
The onset of sediment transport in vegetated channels predicted by turbulent kinetic energy

This laboratory study advances our understanding of sediment transport in vegetated regions, by describing the impact of stem density on the critical velocity, Ucrit, at which sediment motion is initiated. Sparse emergent vegetation was modeled with rigid cylinders arranged in staggered arrays of different stem densities. The sediment transport rate, Qs, was measured over a range of current speeds using digital imaging, and the critical velocity was selected as the condition at which the magnitude of Qs crossed the noise threshold. For both grain sizes considered here (0.6–0.85 mm and 1.7–2 mm), Ucrit decreased with increasing stem density. This dependence can be explained by a threshold condition based on turbulent kinetic energy, kt, suggesting that near-bed turbulence intensity may be a more important control than bed shear stress on the initiation of sediment motion. The turbulent kinetic energy model unified the bare bed and vegetated channel measurements.
The Optic Tectum: A Structure Evolved for Stimulus Selection

The core function of the optic tectum (OT) in all vertebrates is to collect information about the location and immediate relevance of stimuli in the environment and, based on this information, to compute the “highest priority” stimulus at each moment in time. The OT transmits the location of this stimulus to the forebrain to help direct spatial attention and, when appropriate, to the brain stem and spinal cord to guide immediate orienting or defensive behaviors. This chapter describes how a stimulus selection network in the midbrain generates the OT signal that identifies the location of the “highest priority” stimulus.
A 65nm CMOS I/Q RF power DAC with 24–42dB 3 rd harmonic cancellation and up to 18dB mixed-signal filtering

This paper presents an RF DAC transmitter (TX) with integrated, programmable harmonic cancellation as well as mixed-signal filtering at a peak power of 25.6dBm. The 65nm CMOS prototype uses device stacking and transformer combining and demonstrates 24dB to 42dB HD3 reduction across a frequency range of 0.7GHz to 2GHz, and up to 18dB of notching at a 40MHz offset.
LTP at Hilar Mossy Cell-Dentate Granule Cell Synapses Modulates Dentate Gyrus Output by Increasing Excitation/Inhibition Balance

Excitatory hilar mossy cells (MCs) in the dentate gyrus receive inputs from dentate granule cells (GCs) and project back to GCs locally, contralaterally, and along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus, thereby establishing an associative positive-feedback loop and connecting functionally diverse hippocampal areas. MCs also synapse with GABAergic interneurons that mediate feed-forward inhibition onto GCs. Surprisingly, although these circuits have been implicated in both memory formation (e.g., pattern separation) and temporal lobe epilepsy, little is known about activity-dependent plasticity of their synaptic connections. Here, we report that MC-GC synapses undergo a presynaptic, NMDA-receptor-independent form of long-term potentiation (LTP) that requires postsynaptic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/TrkB and presynaptic cyclic AMP (cAMP)/PKA signaling. This LTP is input specific and selectively expressed at MC-GC synapses, but not at the disynaptic inhibitory loop. By increasing the excitation/inhibition balance, MC-GC LTP enhances GC output at the associative MC-GC recurrent circuit and may contribute to dentate-dependent forms of learning and epilepsy.
The Ethical Stakes of Collaborative Community-Based Social Science Research:

This multivocal essay engages complex ethical issues raised in collaborative community-based research (CCBR). It critiques the fraught history and limiting conditions of current ethics codes and re...
Organic Etiologies of Barbarism in Golding's Lord of the Flies

Ironically, the receiver of and responder to all sensory input from the outside world does not make direct contact with the outside world at all: The brain is the most heavily guarded organ in the ...
Fundamental Limits to Graphene Plasmonics

We investigate, for the first time, propagating plasmons in high mobility graphene at cryogenic temperatures. The intrinsic plasmon propagation length in these samples can exceed 10 micrometers thus enabling new experiments and applications.
Antithrombotic Treatment and Cardioversion of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Systemic thromboembolism is the most serious clinical consequence of atrial fibrillation (AF). The arrhythmia is a potent independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. Because of the potentially incapacitating and fatal consequences of embolic stroke, antithrombotic therapy in patients with AF has been a major focus of research. The safety and efficacy of oral anticoagulants has been established by multiple randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials.
P2X antagonists inhibit HIV-1 productive infection and inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-1β in a human tonsil explant model

HIV-1 causes a persistent infection of the immune system that is associated with chronic comorbidities. The mechanisms that underlie this inflammation are poorly understood. Emerging literature has implicated pro-inflammatory purinergic receptors and downstream signaling mediators in HIV-1 infection. This study probed whether inhibitors of purinergic receptors would reduce HIV-1 infection and HIV-1 stimulated inflammation. A human ex vivo human tonsil histo-culture infection model was developed to support HIV-1 productive infection and stimulated inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and immunosuppressive cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10). This study tests whether inhibitors of purinergic receptors would reduce HIV-1 infection and HIV-1 stimulated inflammation. The purinergic P2X1 receptor antagonist, NF449, the purinergic P2X7 receptor antagonists, A438079, and azidothymidine (AZT) were tested in HIV-1 infected human tonsil explants to compare inhibition of HIV-1 infection and HIV-stimulated inflammatory cytokine production. All drugs limited HIV-1 productive infection but P2X-selective antagonists (NF449, and A438079) significantly lowered HIV-stimulated IL-10 and IL-1β. We further observed that P2X1- and P2X7-selective antagonists can act differentially as inhibitors of both HIV-1 infection and HIV-1-stimulated inflammation. Our findings highlight the differential effects of HIV-1 on inflammation in peripheral blood as compared to lymphoid tissue. For the first time, we demonstrate that P2X-selective antagonists act differentially as inhibitors of both HIV-1 infection and HIV-1-stimulated inflammation. Drugs that block these pathways can have independent inhibitory activities against HIV-1 infection and HIV-induced inflammation.
The Effect of Instructors’ Immediate Behaviors and Clarity on Student Writing Apprehension:

The demand for writing skills is becoming increasingly prevalent within the U.S. job market. Yet, the biggest barrier to developing successful writing skills, writing apprehension, has received ver...
Importance of heat-transfer area in the controllability of openloop unstable reactors

Abstract Openloop unstable reactors present probably the most interesting and challenging control problem in chemical engineering. They can occur when the reactions are exothermic and irreversible and when reactant per-pass conversion is not high so that there is “fuel” available in the reactor to cause a temperature runaway. An openloop unstable process cannot be operated without a feedback controller on automatic. In a typical CSTR process the reactor temperature is controlled by manipulating the flowrate of the cooling medium. Closedloop stability may be achieved if the reactor is designed with sufficient heat-transfer area. The temperature control loop exhibits “conditional stability” since the controller gain must lie inside some range of values whose span depends on the heat-transfer area selected in the design. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the critical design trade-off between heat-transfer area and dynamic controllability in openloop unstable CSTRs.
Pressure effects on magnetism in Ca 2 Mn 2 O 5 -type ferrites and manganites

The presence of ordered oxygen vacancies in perovskites governs magnetic phase stability owing to changes in crystal-field splitting with different anion geometries, polyhedral arrangements, and electronic configurations of the transition-metal cations. Here we use density functional theory calculations to assess the magnetic phase stability of ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ (with a ${d}^{5}$ electronic configuration) and ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ (${d}^{4}$ configuration), exhibiting the ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$-type oxygen-deficient perovskite structure, with hydrostatic pressure. The ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$-type structure is composed of square pyramidal units, the crystal-field splitting and polyhedral connectivities of which support different ground-state magnetic orders depending on $d$-orbital filling: E-type antiferromagnetic (AFM-E) for ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ (${d}^{4}$) and G-type antiferromagnetic (AFM-G) for ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ (${d}^{5}$). We show that hydrostatic pressure enhances the crystal-field splitting and affects the magnetic stability. We find that the AFM-E order exhibited by ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ is robust over the surveyed ranges of applied pressures, whereas ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ shows a magnetic transition from AFM-G to ferromagnetic spin order at $\ensuremath{\approx}24.5$ GPa. We also discuss the effect of correlation strength, treated using the Hubbard $U$ correction, which we find suppresses a spin crossover transition in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ and shifts it to higher pressures.
500kVA Hybrid Solid State Transformer (HSST): Architecture, Functionality and Control

For the transmission system, the voltage regulation distribution transformers (VRDT) with the on-load tap-changers (OLTC) are the most conventional solutions to control the terminal voltages of the low frequency transformer (LFT). However, the OLTCs have high cost of the maintenance and the low life time, especially for the future grid which involves much more distributed sources and dynamic loads. The solid-state transformer (SST)s can be another solution, however, the high cost of the SST is still a big concern. The hybrid SST (HSST), which is a flexible, high-performance and low-cost smart transformer based on partial power processing, gets both the advantages of the SSTs and the LFTs. This paper investigates the different architectures of the HSST configuration and provides a detailed comparison of them. The configuration of low-voltage side single-winding input parallel and output series is chosen to implement the HSST with a single-stage AC/AC dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter. The proposed HSST can provide the functionalities of the seamless voltage control, advanced power flow control, and the online monitoring of the failure and fault. To control the AC/AC DAB with wide-range operations, this paper investigates the operation principles linked to the traditional PWM converters in different modes. And a systematic control strategy is proposed to cover the complete operation range with three operation modes: CCM, BCM and DCM. Finally, a 500kVA HSST prototype is developed and tested in this paper to verify the proposed concept.
Altered Processing of Complex Visual Stimuli in Patients with Postconcussive Visual Motion Sensitivity.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Vestibular symptoms are common after concussion. Vestibular Ocular Motor Screening identifies vestibular impairment, including postconcussive visual motion sensitivity, though the underlying functional brain alterations are not defined. We hypothesized that alterations in multisensory processing are responsible for postconcussive visual motion sensitivity, are detectable on fMRI, and correlate with symptom severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve patients with subacute postconcussive visual motion sensitivity and 10 healthy control subjects underwent vestibular testing and a novel fMRI visual-vestibular paradigm including 30-second “neutral” or “provocative” videos. The presence of symptoms/intensity was rated immediately after each video. fMRI group-level analysis was performed for a “provocative-neutral” condition. Z-statistic images were nonparametrically thresholded using clusters determined by Z > 2.3 and a corrected cluster significance threshold of P = .05. Symptoms assessed on Vestibular Ocular Motor Screening were correlated with fMRI mean parameter estimates using Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS: Subjects with postconcussive visual motion sensitivity had significantly more Vestibular Ocular Motor Screening abnormalities and increased symptoms while viewing provocative videos. While robust mean activation in the primary and secondary visual areas, the parietal lobe, parietoinsular vestibular cortex, and cingulate gyrus was seen in both groups, selective increased activation was seen in subjects with postconcussive visual motion sensitivity in the primary vestibular/adjacent cortex and inferior frontal gyrus, which are putative multisensory visual-vestibular processing centers. Moderate-to-strong correlations were found between Vestibular Ocular Motor Screening scores and fMRI activation in the left frontal eye field, left middle temporal visual area, and right posterior hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS: Increased fMRI brain activation in visual-vestibular multisensory processing regions is selectively seen in patients with postconcussive visual motion sensitivity and is correlated with Vestibular Ocular Motor Screening symptom severity, suggesting that increased visual input weighting into the vestibular network may underlie postconcussive visual motion sensitivity.
Effect of tailoring on weight loss among young adults receiving digital interventions: an 18 month randomized controlled trial.

Weight loss outcomes among young adults in technology-based programs have been equivocal. The purpose of this study was to deliver digital weight loss treatments to young adults and examine the 6, 12, and 18 month effects on weight loss. Young adults with overweight/obesity (N = 459; 23.3 ± 4.4 years) were recruited from two university sites and randomly assigned to receive through Facebook and text messaging either personalized (TAILORED; n = 150) or generic (TARGETED; n = 152) weight loss information, messages, and feedback or general healthy body content (e.g., body image, sleep; CONTROL; n = 157). The study was powered to detect a 2.1-kg difference at all time points with the primary outcome being 18 months. There was no overall effect of treatment group on 6, 12, or 18 month weight loss (ps = NS). However, at 6 months, those in TAILORED who were highly engaged (completing >66%) lost more weight compared to CONTROL (-2.32 kg [95% confidence intervals: -3.90, -0.74]; p = .004), with the trend continuing at 12 months. A significant baseline body mass index (BMI) by treatment group interaction (p = .004) was observed at 6 months. Among participants in the lowest baseline BMI category (25-27.5 kg/m2), those in TAILORED lost 2.27 kg (-3.86, -0.68) more, and those in TARGETED lost 1.72 kg (-3.16, -0.29) more than CONTROL after adjusting for covariates. Among participants with a BMI between 27.5 and 30 kg/m2, those in TAILORED lost 2.20 kg (-3.90, -0.51) more than participants in TARGETED. Results did not persist over time with no treatment interaction at 12 or 18 months. Initial body weight should be considered when recommending weight loss treatments for young adults. More intensive interventions or stepped care approaches may be needed for young adults with obesity.
High-risk endometrial cancer proteomic profiling reveals that FBXW7 mutation alters L1CAM and TGM2 protein levels

Background FBXW7 is frequently somatically mutated in grade 3 endometrioid endometrial cancers (G3EECs) and serous endometrial cancers (SECs), which are high-risk cancers associated with poor outcomes and in need of novel treatment options. The aim of this study was to determine the proteomic effects of 3 FBXW7 mutations in high-risk endometrial cancers (ECs). Methods Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) editing was used to generate 3 HEC-50B G3EEC derivative cell lines, each of which harbored 1 FBXW7 mutation, and to revert an endogenous FBXW7 mutation in HEC-1-B grade 2 endometrioid endometrial cancer (G2EEC) cells to the wild-type genotype. Proteomic profiling based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine protein differences between the HEC-50B derivative lines and parental cells. Western blot analysis was performed to assess differential protein levels of CRISPR-edited derivative lines originating from HEC-50B, ARK1 (SEC), ARK4 (SEC), HEC-1-B, and JHUEM-1 (G2EEC) cell lines in comparison with parental cells. Results Results of this study demonstrated the effects of FBXW7 mutations on the proteome and phosphoproteome of HEC-50B G3EEC cells and highlighted proteins that also exhibited altered levels in FBXW7-mutated ARK1 and ARK4 SEC cells, including 2 potentially druggable proteins: L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) and transglutaminase 2 (TGM2). Furthermore, they demonstrated that reversion of an endogenous FBXW7 mutation to the wild-type genotype in JHUEM-1 and HEC-1-B G2EEC cells resulted in decreased L1CAM and TGM2 protein levels. Conclusions L1CAM and TGM2 protein levels are affected by FBXW7 mutations in ECs.