cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laboratory study of competition between United States strains of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

Mosquito abatement workers in Houston, Tex., and New Orleans, La., have observed that the recent introduction of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) has been accompanied by a decline and virtual disappearance of Ae. aegypti (L.). This suggests competitive displacement but contradicts the direction of displacement observed in native habitats of Ae. albopictus . The paper reports a series of laboratory studies on competition between U.S. strains of the two species. Larval survivorship, size, and development time were monitored in increasing densities of pure and mixed cultures of the two species under limited and optimal diets. Oviposition preferences were examined by offering gravid females cups containing first or fourth instars of either species. Ethological isolation was studied by simultaneously offering virgin females of one species to males of both species and monitoring courtship behavior as well as rates of oviposition, percentage of hatch, and embryonation. The results of the larval competition studies suggest that interspecific competition increased development time only slightly and had no effect on survival of Ae. albopictus . Competition increased survival in Ae. aegypti . Size of both species was influenced by interspecific competition, but the magnitude and direction of the effect was inconsistent between strains and diets such that neither species emerged consistently larger. The results of the oviposition study indicated a higher fecundity in Ae. aegypti but otherwise demonstrated that both species oviposit without regard to the presence, age, or species of larvae in the oviposition container. The ethological isolation tests demonstrated that Ae. aegypti males were more sexually aggressive than males of Ae. albopictus . However, Ae. albopictus females placed with increasing densities of Ae. aegypti males demonstrated no decrease in rates of oviposition, and eggs laid showed equal rates of hatch and embryonation. In general, the results do not suggest that the U.S. Ae. albopictus population is inherently more competitive in the laboratory than Ae. aegypti . Other reasons for the observed decline in Ae. aegypti in the United States are discussed.
Density and Speed of Sound Measurements of Two Synthetic Aviation Turbine Fuels

Rising costs and the uncertain supply of petroleum-derived aviation fuels have led to an interest in substitute fuels made from nonpetroleum sources. Synthetic isoparaffinic kerosenes (SPKs) are among the most promising alternatives. Two instruments were used to measure the density and speed of sound of two synthetic aviation fuels, one derived from natural gas and one from coal. In one instrument, measurements of density and speed of sound were carried out at ambient pressure (0.083 MPa) from (278.15 to 343.15) K. The second instrument was used to make density measurements of the compressed liquids from (270 to 470) K with pressures up to 50 MPa. The density measurements are correlated within 0.1 % with a modified Tait equation, and adiabatic compressibilities are derived from the density and speed of sound data at ambient pressure. Data reported here are compared to previously reported data for another synthetic aviation fuel, S-8, as well as two petroleum-derived aviation fuels.
Civil Rights in the Texas Borderlands: Dr. Lawrence A. Nixon and Black Activism. By Will Guzmán

Civil Rights in the Texas Borderlands: Dr. Lawrence A. Nixon and Black Activism . By Will Guzman. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2015. xv + 184 pp. Illustrations, notes, index. $55.00.) Situated within the “culturally complex area” of the Southwest borderlands, Will Guzman’s book sheds light on the important and distinctive life of Dr. Lawrence A. Nixon (p. 3). Much of the scholarly terrain in this field has done well to cover Anglo, Spanish, Native American, and Mexican American relations and experiences. But in Civil Rights in the Texas Borderlands , we are treated to the story of a middle-class African …
A Preliminary Survey Examining Predictors of Burnout in Pain Medicine Physicians in the United States.

BACKGROUND Burnout is a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job, defined by 3 dimensions: exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. While there is a growing body of research on burnout in physicians, there is a dearth of literature on burnout in pain medicine physicians. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the incidence of burnout amongst pain medicine physicians and whether there are sociodemographic or psychological demand characteristics of the job setting that predict burnout in pain medicine physicians. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-section survey of pain medicine physicians across the United States. METHODS Pain medicine physicians were asked questions on sociodemographics and professional characteristics and measures of decisional authority, psychological job demands, job insecurity, perceived coworker support, and job dissatisfaction. RESULTS Two hundred seven pain medicine physicians' responses were analyzed, 60.4% reported high emotional exhaustion, 35.7% reported high depersonalization, and 19.3% reported low personal accomplishment. Greater psychological job demands and greater job dissatisfaction predicted greater emotional exhaustion. Younger age and greater job dissatisfaction predicted higher depersonalization. Lastly, lower coworker support and greater job dissatisfaction predicted lower personal accomplishment. There were no statistical violations of assumptions or collinearity. LIMITATIONS Low response rate and potential for response bias limit generalizability of the study. CONCLUSION(S) Pain medicine physicians in the United States reported high levels of emotional exhaustion, often considered the most taxing aspect of burnout. Job dissatisfaction appeared to be the leading agent in the development of all 3 components of burnout in pain medicine physicians in the United States.
An NXF1 mRNA with a retained intron is expressed in hippocampal and neocortical neurons and is translated into a protein that functions as an Nxf1 cofactor

The Nxf1 protein is a major nuclear export receptor for the transport of mRNA, and it also is essential for export of retroviral mRNAs with retained introns. In the latter case, it binds to RNA elements known as constitutive transport elements (CTEs) and functions in conjunction with a cofactor known as Nxt1. The NXF1 gene also regulates expression of its own intron-containing RNA through the use of a functional CTE within intron 10. mRNA containing this intron is exported to the cytoplasm, where it can be translated into the 356-amino acid short Nxf1(sNxf1) protein, despite the fact that it is a prime candidate for nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Here we demonstrate that sNxf1 is highly expressed in nuclei and dendrites of hippocampal and neocortical neurons in rodent brain. Additionally, we show that sNxf1 localizes in RNA granules in neurites of differentiated N2a mouse neuroblastoma cells, where it shows partial colocalization with Staufen2 isoform SS, a protein known to play a role in dendritic mRNA trafficking. We also show that sNxf1 forms heterodimers in conjunction with the full-length Nxf1 and that sNxf1 can replace Nxt1 to enhance the expression of CTE-containing mRNA and promote its association with polyribosomes.
Nasal Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) PCR Testing Reduces the Duration of MRSA-Targeted Therapy in Patients with Suspected MRSA Pneumonia

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-ordered methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) PCR testing on the duration of empirical MRSA-targeted antibiotic therapy in patients with suspected pneumonia. This is a retrospective analysis of patients who received vancomycin or linezolid for suspected pneumonia before and after the implementation of a pharmacist-driven protocol for nasal MRSA PCR testing. Patients were included if they were adults of >18 years of age and initiated on vancomycin or linezolid for suspected MRSA pneumonia. The primary endpoint was the duration of vancomycin or linezolid therapy. After screening 368 patients, 57 patients met inclusion criteria (27 pre-PCR and 30 post-PCR). Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups, with the majority of patients classified as having health care-associated pneumonia (68.4%). The use of the nasal MRSA PCR test reduced the mean duration of MRSA-targeted therapy by 46.6 h (74.0 ± 48.9 h versus 27.4 ± 18.7 h; 95% confidence interval [CI], 27.3 to 65.8 h; P < 0.0001). Fewer patients in the post-PCR group required vancomycin serum levels and dose adjustment (48.1% versus 16.7%; P = 0.02). There were no significant differences between the pre- and post-PCR groups regarding days to clinical improvement (1.78 ± 2.52 versus 2.27 ± 3.34; P = 0.54), length of hospital stay (11.04 ± 9.5 versus 8.2 ± 7.8; P = 0.22), or hospital mortality (14.8% versus 6.7%; P = 0.41). The use of nasal MRSA PCR testing in patients with suspected MRSA pneumonia reduced the duration of empirical MRSA-targeted therapy by approximately 2 days without increasing adverse clinical outcomes.
Education about Venereal Diseases

Abstract Teachers can contribute to the control of venereal diseases by giving young people adequate instruction about the dangers of these diseases. In Ohio, teachers and school systems have received assistance in this task through a special venereal disease educational project conducted by the State Department of Health. Inservice education for teachers, free pamphlets, and educational movies have been introduced successfully in grades 7 through 12, in many different subject areas. Contrary to popular belief, most parents will support this type of education about venereal disease when properly introduced to it.
New Cranial Material of Notharctus (Mammalia, Primates, Notharctidae) from the Sheep Pass Formation, Elderberry Canyon, Nevada, with Implications for Incisor Morphology and Paleogeography of Notharctine Primates

A new specimen, referred to the notharctid primate Notharctus tenebrosus, is described from the middle Eocene of eastern Nevada. The material consists of the upper and lower jaws with most tooth lo...
So Close and Yet So Irritating: Negative Relations and Implications for Well-being by Age and Closeness.

Objectives Negative social relationships are associated with poor health, chronic illness, and mortality. Yet, we know little about the dynamics of negative aspects of relationships within individual's closest relationships over time, how those experiences vary by age, and the implications of those relationships for well-being. Method A total of 592 participants (ages 25-97; M = 57.5; 63.3% women) from the Social Relations Study completed monthly web surveys for up to 12 months. Each month they reported negative relationship quality with their three closest network members and multiple dimensions of well-being (positive affect, negative affect, self-rated health, and sleep quality). Results Multilevel models revealed older individuals reported less negativity in their relationships than younger people, but fewer age differences in the closest tie. Greater negative relationship quality predicted poor well-being (i.e., greater negative affect, sleep problems). Links between negative relations and well-being were less strong among older individuals; especially in the closest ties. Discussion Results were partially consistent with the strength and vulnerability integration (SAVI) model, which proposes fewer age-related improvements in emotion regulation when individuals are unable to avoid tensions. Despite feeling just as negative as younger individuals, older individuals may be more resilient to tensions in their closest relationships.
Dynamic allostery can drive cold adaptation in enzymes

Adaptation of organisms to environmental niches is a hallmark of evolution. One prevalent example is that of thermal adaptation, in which two descendants evolve at different temperature extremes1,2. Underlying the physiological differences between such organisms are changes in enzymes that catalyse essential reactions 3 , with orthologues from each organism undergoing adaptive mutations that preserve similar catalytic rates at their respective physiological temperatures4,5. The sequence changes responsible for these adaptive differences, however, are often at surface-exposed sites distant from the substrate-binding site, leaving the active site of the enzyme structurally unperturbed6,7. How such changes are allosterically propagated to the active site, to modulate activity, is not known. Here we show that entropy-tuning changes can be engineered into distal sites of Escherichia coli adenylate kinase, allowing us to quantitatively assess the role of dynamics in determining affinity, turnover and the role in driving adaptation. The results not only reveal a dynamics-based allosteric tuning mechanism, but also uncover a spatial separation of the control of key enzymatic parameters. Fluctuations in one mobile domain (the LID) control substrate affinity, whereas dynamic attenuation in the other domain (the AMP-binding domain) affects rate-limiting conformational changes that govern enzyme turnover. Dynamics-based regulation may thus represent an elegant, widespread and previously unrealized evolutionary adaptation mechanism that fine-tunes biological function without altering the ground state structure. Furthermore, because rigid-body conformational changes in both domains were thought to be rate limiting for turnover8,9, these adaptation studies reveal a new model for understanding the relationship between dynamics and turnover in adenylate kinase.
Processes and products of imitation: Additional evidence that imitation is progressive

The spontaneous verbal interactions of two children and their babysitter were recorded over the period of half a year. The children were males, from middle-class backgrounds, and 2 years old at the beginning of the observation period. Imitated utterances were found to surpass quantitatively spontaneous ones on the dimensions of grammatical and semantic complexity. With few exceptions, new structures appeared first in imitative utterances and only later in spontaneous ones. Both the higher complexity and the prior appearance of new constructions in imitative utterances suggest that imitation fulfilled a progressive function for the observed children.
A Prediction Rule For Mortality in the Medical Intensive Care Unit Based on Early Acute Organ-System Failure

We evaluated early acute organ-system failure (AOSF) as a predictor of mortality in medical intensive care unit (MICU) patients. Prospective data were obtained on 825 men admitted to a Veterans Administraion (VA) Medical Center MICU. Clinical criteria were used to diagnose the presence of 7 types of AOSF. Of the 2,364 AOSFs detected, 1,847 (78%) were “early” (i.e., detected within the first 48 hours of MICU stay). A random sample of 550 patients was selected for derivation of a prediction rule for MICU mortality based on age and number of early AOSFs. For each additional early AOSF, the adjusted odds of mortality increased by 3.3 (95% confidence interval: 2.7, 4.0; p < 0.0001). When applied to the cross-validation sample of 275 patients, this rule yielded a sensitivity of 77%, a specificity of 86%, and an overall correct classification rate of 82%. These results suggest that a simple rule based on number of AOSFs detected in the early portion of a patient's MICU stay may be a useful predictor of mortality.
Adjoint Data Assimilation for Aerosol Dynamic Equations

This paper presents an application of adjoint sensitivity calculation to retrieve the initial distribution of the aerosol population from measurements at later times. A general framework is given for the discretization of particle dynamics equation by projection methods. The adjoint of the discrete model is constructed. Adjoint modeling successfully retrieves the initial distribution, even is the measurements are restricted to only specific size bins.
Exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides in the U.S. general population: Data from the 2015–2016 national health and nutrition examination survey

Abstract Background Neonicotinoids are used for insect control in agriculture, landscaping, and on household pets. Neonicotinoids have become popular replacements for organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, and use is on the rise. Objectives To assess human exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides in a representative sample of the U.S. general population 3 years and older from the 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods We used online solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after enzymatic hydrolysis of conjugates to quantify in 3038 samples the urinary concentrations of six neonicotinoid biomarkers: four parent compounds (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid) and two metabolites (N-desmethyl-acetamiprid, 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid). We calculated distribution percentiles, and used regression models to evaluate associations of various demographic parameters and fasting time with urinary concentrations above the 95th percentile (a value selected to represent higher than average concentrations) of neonicotinoid biomarkers. Results Weighted detection frequencies were 35% (N-desmethyl-acetamiprid), 19.7% (5-hydroxy imidacloprid), 7.7% (clothianidin), 4.3% (imidacloprid), and Conclusions The detection of neonicotinoid metabolites more frequently and at much higher concentrations than the corresponding parent compounds suggests that the metabolites may be suitable biomarkers to assess background exposures. About half of the U.S. general population 3 years of age and older was recently exposed to neonicotinoids. Compared to other age ranges and ethnicities, young children and Asians may experience higher exposures. At present, reasons for such differences remain unknown.
Loss-gain coupled ring resonator gyroscope

A new gyroscope architecture inspired by parity-time-symmetric optics is proposed and theoretically modeled. It consists of two ring resonators coupled together, one with loss and the other with gain, with a loss and gain selected such that the device does not lase. A narrow-linewidth laser is coupled into the loss ring to probe the coupled resonator’s rotation-dependent resonances, and a detector measures the rotation-induced change in the power transmitted by the device. Assuming that the small-signal gain is smaller than the loss, a common radius for the two rings of 5 cm, and imposing that the power in the gain medium never exceeds 10% of the saturation power to avoid gain saturation, we demonstrate that this structure has a sensitivity to rotation ~170 times larger than an optimized resonant fiber optic gyroscope of equal ring radius and loss. Such loss-gain coupled resonators are known to exhibit an exceptional point at a critical value of the coupling between resonators, at which point the device’s resonances become extremely sensitive to external perturbations such as a rotation. However, we demonstrate that the maximum rotation sensitivity of this paritytime- symmetric structure does not occur at the exceptional point. Instead, for the aforementioned parameter values and the imposition of a small circulating power, it is maximum when the inter-ring coupling is ~11% stronger than the exceptional-point coupling. This significant increase in rotation sensitivity is found to result to a much larger degree from a strong enhancement in the power circulating in the gain ring (although there is not a one-to-one correspondence), and to a much lower extent from an enhancement in the rotation-induced resonance-frequency shift.
Divergent forest sensitivity to repeated extreme droughts

Climate change-driven increases in drought frequency and severity could compromise forest ecosystems and the terrestrial carbon sink1–3. While the impacts of single droughts on forests have been widely studied4–6, understanding whether forests acclimate to or become more vulnerable to sequential droughts remains largely unknown and is crucial for predicting future forest health. We combine cross-biome datasets of tree growth, tree mortality and ecosystem water content to quantify the effects of multiple droughts at a range of scales from individual trees to the globe from 1900 to 2018. We find that subsequent droughts generally have a more deleterious impact than initial droughts, but this effect differs enormously by clade and ecosystem, with gymnosperms and conifer-dominated ecosystems more often exhibiting increased vulnerability to multiple droughts. The differential impacts of multiple droughts across clades and biomes indicate that drought frequency changes may have fundamentally different ecological and carbon-cycle consequences across ecosystems. Drought frequency will probably increase under climate change, posing a potential risk to forests. Forest response is variable, but subsequent droughts generally have a negative impact at the tree and ecosystem scales, with systems dominated by conifers particularly vulnerable.
Effects of Interval-Training Exercise on People Who Have Had Persistent Post-Concussive Symptoms for Less Than One Year: A Pilot Study.

This study is to examine the effects of a 12-session moderate intensity-interval-training program with blood flow restriction (BFR) and body cooling (BC) on people who have had persistent post-conc...
Comorbidities Drive the Majority of Overall Mortality in Low-Risk Mucinous Pancreatic Cysts Under Surveillance.

Abstract Background & Aims The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CACI) has been suggested as a tool to determine comorbidity burden and guide management for patients with mucinous pancreatic cysts (Intrapapillary Mucinous Neoplasms and Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms), but has not been studied well among “low-risk” mucinous pancreatic cysts i.e. without worrisome features (WF) and high-risk stigmata (HRS). This study sought to determine the comorbidity burden among surveillance population of low-risk pancreatic cysts and provide their follow-up mortality outcomes. Methods A single center study retrospectively reviewed a prospective pancreatic cyst database and included individuals with low-risk cysts undergoing serial imaging during 2016. Electronic medical records were reviewed to determine their baseline age-adjusted CACI (age-CACI). After 4 years, their progression to WF, disease specific (pancreatic malignancy-related, DSM), extra-pancreatic (EPM), and overall mortalities (OM) were determined using Kaplan-Meir Survival Analysis. Results 502 individuals underwent prospective surveillance. The study included 440 individuals with low-risk suspected or presumed mucinous cysts and excluded 50 and 12 individuals with WF and HRS respectively. Over a median follow-up of 56 months, 12 WF progressions, 2 DSMs, 42 EPMs, and 44 OMs were observed. Baseline age-CACI had good predictive capacity for 4-year EPM (Area-Under Curve: 0.87; p Conclusion Through real-time application of CACI to patient outcomes, our analysis supports incorporation of this comorbidity assessment tool in making shared surveillance decisions among low-risk pancreatic cyst population.
Role of the spinal canal compliance in regulating posture-related cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics in humans.

Mechanical compliance of a compartment is defined by the change in its volume with respect to a change in the inside pressure. The compliance of the spinal canal regulates the intracranial pressure (ICP) under postural changes. Understanding how gravity affects ICP is beneficial for poorly understood cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-related disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate postural effects on cranial hemo- and hydrodynamics. This was a prospective study, which included 10 healthy volunteers (three males, seven females, mean ± standard deviation age: 29 ± 7 years). Cine gradient-echo phase-contrast sequence acquired at 0.5 T, "GE double-doughnut" scanner was used. Spinal contribution to overall craniospinal compliance (CSC), craniospinal CSF stroke volume (SV), magnetic resonance (MR)-derived ICP (MR-ICP), and total cerebral blood flow (TCBF) were measured in supine and upright postures using automated blood and CSF flows quantification. Statistical tests performed were two-sided Student's t-test, Cohen's d, and Pearson correlation coefficient. MR-ICP and the craniospinal CSF SV were significantly correlated with the spinal contribution to the overall CSC (r = 0.83, p < 0.05) and (r = 0.62, p < 0.05), respectively. Cranial contribution to CSC increased from 44.5% ± 16% in supine to 74.9% ± 8.4% in upright posture. The average MR-ICP dropped from 9.9 ± 3.4 mmHg in supine to -3.5 ± 1.5 mmHg. The CSF SV was over 2.5 times higher in the supine position (0.55 ± 0.14 ml) than in the upright position (0.21 ± 0.13 ml). In contrast, TCBF was slightly higher in the supine posture (822 ± 152 ml/min) than in the upright posture (761 ± 139 ml/min), although not statistically significant (p = 0.16). The spinal-canal compliance contribution to CSC is larger than the cranial contribution in the supine posture and smaller in the upright posture. Thereby, the spinal canal plays a role in modulating ICP upon postural changes. The lower pressure craniospinal CSF system was more affected by postural changes than the higher-pressure cerebral vascular system. Craniospinal hydrodynamics is affected by gravity and is likely to be altered by its absence in space. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2.
The Impact of Displaced Persons on National Security

Conflict causes a large portion of the world’s existing and measured human displacement. In turn, displacement of individuals can also promote conflict. Through challenging economic and social stability, migration of individuals creates a disruption in which host nations or regions must accommodate and support the incoming individuals. The feedback loop analysis is expanded by considering a secondary cause of displacement—climate-induced disasters. Currently, individuals are being displaced at unprecedented rates due to both unstable political environments and changing climate conditions. I propose that internally displaced persons can stress nations, which contributes to increased likelihood of civil and external strife. Applying probit regression analysis, I explore this relationship between displacement and conflict. With data on internal displacement, militarized interstate disputes, and common trade control variables, this novel analysis adds to the existing displacement-conflict relationship literature by separately analyzing climate vs conflict-induced displacement and the respective impacts on militarized interstate disputes. There is a positive impact of disaster displacement on future conflict, especially when both nations in a pair experience disaster displacement. Results also suggest that contiguity, distance between nations, and political stability play important roles for conflict. This analysis is motivated with discussion on the channels of impact from displacement to conflict as well as the significance for United States national security.
Resolution of a Cystic Endodontic-Periodontal Lesion Utilizing Combined Apicoectomy And Guided Tissue Regeneration: A Case Report.

INTRODUCTION Endodontic-periodontal combined lesions pose a treatment challenge for clinicians, especially when the lesion is persistent and does not show signs of healing after initial endodontic treatment. This case report describes interdisciplinary management of a non-healing combined endodontic-periodontal lesion related to a peri-apical cyst, through a combined approach of apicoectomy and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with enamel matrix derivative (EMD). Most documented cases have been treated in a sequential manner, with minimal literature present on the effects of a combined approach utilizing EMD for the treatment of these lesions. CASE PRESENTATION A 72-year-old male patient presented with an endodontic-periodontal lesion at tooth #31 initially treated with nonsurgical root canal therapy. The lesion was not responsive to initial endodontic treatment. The patient was informed of questionable prognosis, however wished to save the tooth. Tooth #31 was treated via a combination approach of apicoectomy with bioceramic putty retrograde filling, followed by GTR of the defect using allograft, EMD, and resorbable barrier membrane. The lesion was biopsied and diagnosed as a periapical cyst. Clinical and radiographic examination at 1 year showed resolution of lesion, reduction in probing depths, and good bone fill of the defect. CONCLUSION Traditionally, endodontic-periodontal lesions, which were not responsive to initial therapy, would be given a questionable prognosis and be extracted. This case demonstrates that non-healing, peri-apical lesions may be cystic in nature and effectively managed utilizing a combined approach, with apicoectomy and GTR with EMD, to produce a stable outcome.
High School Science Teacher Use of Planning Tools to Integrate Computational Thinking

In an effort to deepen learning in K-12 science classrooms, there has been a national movement to integrate computational thinking (CT). The purpose of this phenomenographic study was to understand...
ROLE OF LIBRARIANS AND INFORMATION PROFESSIONALS IN IDENTIFYING dPROS IN THE EVIDENCE

Abstract While dental patient-reported outcomes provide important insight to why patients seek oral health care, finding research literature on these outcomes as well as measures for dental patient-reported outcomes is quite difficult due to a lack of standardization in both indexing terms as well as reporting practices. This results in these outcomes and measures often being underutilized. Librarians and information professionals are experts in navigating and managing research literature. Additionally, librarians are powerful collaborators for evidence-based practice, and can provide support for research methodology design and reporting. This article explores how partnering with librarians and information professionals can benefit clinicians and researchers to further the utilization of dental patient-reported outcomes in patient care.
New Markers of Sudden Cardiac Death: Genetic Variables

All recently completed as well as ongoing sudden cardiac death (SCD) primary implantable cardiovertor defibrillator (ICD) prophylaxis trials have addressed patients with one or more conventional risk factors for SCD (Fig. 1). The electrophysiologic surrogates for SCD, including measures of myocardial conduction disorders, dispersion of repolarisation, and autonomic imbalance, are based on sound scientific evidence. Although it is acknowledged that the positive predictive power of a risk stratifier in a clinical trial is closely related to the duration of follow-up, the majority of conventional risk stratifiers of SCD have a relatively low positive predictive value, which would preclude their wide application as guidelines for ICD implantation in patients known to be at risk for SCD. This is not to mention the impracticality of their use for risk stratification in the general asymptomatic public. This has prompted the search for new approaches for risk stratification and management of SCD based on recent insights gained from advances in molecular biology and genetics.
Precise relative earthquake location using surface waves

[1] Earthquake locations provide a fundamental tool for seismological investigations. While dense seismic networks can provide robust locations, accuracy and precision of these locations suffer outside dense networks. This is particularly true in offshore areas, where location analysis relies heavily on distant seismic observations. We present a method for estimating precise relative seismic source epicentroid locations using surface waves. Several reasons, including lower velocities and strength of the signal at distance, make use of surface waves for event location appealing. We focus on the Panama Fracture Zone region and relocate 81 strike-slip earthquakes to produce tectonically consistent epicentroid locations. The resulting pattern of earthquakes more clearly delineates recently active regional structures than original body-wave locations. The mean shift between the US Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center epicenter and our epicentroids is about 14 km (the median is about 11 km), and typical origin time changes are generally less than ±2 s. We find that north of 6.5°N, the plate boundary motion is split across two roughly north-south striking structures, the Panama and Balboa Fracture zones. For the last 36 years, slip along these two structures roughly matches slip along the Panama Fracture Zone to the south (from 4.5°N to 6.25°N), but the Balboa Fracture zone has roughly three times the moment than the northern Panama Fracture Zone. Our analyses show that observed Rayleigh-wave signal-to-noise ratios for moderate-to-large shallow earthquakes are suitable for applying the procedure and that Rayleigh-wave observations form a self-consistent set of constraints on the relative location of earthquake centroids.
VISUAL CAPABILITIES OF PERFORMING RENDEZVOUS IN SPACE.

The critical visual capabilities of detection, discrimination, recognition, identification and judgment are reviewed in connection with the acquisition, homing and docking phases of space rendezvous. The inadequacies of existing sources of data, especially in interaction effects, and the need for the presentation of data in a form permitting specific predictions are discussed.
Trends in Stone Fruit Cultivar Development

Despite the hundreds of existing stone fruit (Prunus spp.) cultivars used for fresh market, there is a continuing need to develop new stone fruit cultivars as the requirements of the industry change. Over the last 20 years there has been a shift toward private breeding as the public sector decreases its support of these longrange programs. As a result there are fewer public breeding programs and many of those still operating protect their releases and partially fund their programs with royalty payments. Other trends that are shaping the development of new stone fruit cultivars are a need for smaller or more easily managed tree architecture, a trend toward the use of fewer agricultural chemicals, the expansion of production zones into the milder winter zones to allow year-round availability of stone fruit, a general diversifi cation of fruit types being marketed, the increased awareness of the health benefi ts of fruit consumption, the need for better and more consistent quality, and given the global marketing of these fruit the increased need for enhanced postharvest qualities. The breeding programs of the world are responding to these trends and working toward developing the cultivars for the world markets of the future.
Buoyant Density Analysis of Staphylococcal Bacteriophage 80 Transducing Particles

Densities of pase, tet, and ol transducing particles were indistinguishable, and about 0.002 g x cm(-3) less dense than the plaque-forming units (PFU). The densities of the PFU and nov transducing particles were indistinguishable, the PFU having a density of 1.507 g x cm(-3).
(Re-)Setting the Scholarly Agenda on Transjudicial Communication

We consider the contributions made by Robert H. Bork's Coercing Virtue (2003) and Anne-Marie Slaughter's A New World Order (2004) to the ongoing debate over the citation of foreign law in United States courts. While empirically minded sociolegal scholars might be tempted to dismiss these books as mere op-eds, that would be a mistake. Taken with the spate of other recent work, they supply the makings of an agenda for rigorous research devoted to understanding the exchange of law among nations.
γ‐Brasses with Spontaneous Magnetization: Atom Site Preferences and Magnetism in the Fe‐Zn and Fe‐Pd‐Zn Phase Spaces

The γ-brasses in the binary Fe-Zn system were re-examined as part of the discovery of a new series of Fe-Pd-Zn γ-brass compounds in the Zn-rich region of the Fe-Pd-Zn phase space. Fe2+xZn11–x, x = 1.60(4)–1.99(9), and FexPd2.2–yZn10.8–x+y, x = 0.08(5)–2.46(8); y = 0.00(1)–1.44(4), all crystallize in the cubic crystal system, space group I3m, with corresponding ranges of the lattice parameter of 8.977(1)–8.979(1) A and 9.1028(4)–9.0347(2) A as x increases, as determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the binary Fe-Zn system, iron atoms preferentially occupy the outer tetrahedron (OT) sites and partially mix with zinc atoms at the inner tetrahedron (IT) sites in the 26-atom γ-brass clusters. At the refined upper limit of Fe content, Fe atoms also replace Zn atoms at the octahedron (OH) sites. For the ternaries FexPd2.2–yZn10.8–x+y, refined site occupancies revealed three distinct patterns: (i) at low Fe content (x 0.9), Fe mixes at the IT (with Zn), OT (with Pd), and OH (with Zn) sites. Magnetization measurements of the Fe-rich (x > 0.9) ternary phases indicate ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic responses, which are consistent with the results of electronic structure calculations on “FePdZn11” used to model this phase. In addition, a Mulliken population analysis of the different sites in the 26-atom γ-brass cluster also provide a rationale for the complex behavior of atomic site occupancies vs. composition in both Fe2+xZn11–x and FexPd2.2–yZn10.8–x+y.
Intussusception in the Aged: Ileal-Ileal Type With Spontaneous Auto-Amputation and Expulsion of the Necrotic Segment

Intussusception occurs infrequently in adults and rarely in the aged. Several recent statistical studies attest to this: Finklestein1 reviewed the records of the Beth Israel Hospital in Brooklyn for the 11 year period prior to 1938, and found only one adult case in 62,632 hospital admissions. Likewise, Miller reviewed 75,000 admissions to the Nashville General Hospital and found only one adult case. We have reviewed the records at the Cook County Hospital in Chicago for the 11 year period 1940 to 1950, inclusive, and found only four cases of adult intussusception among approximately 700,000 hospital admissions. This is to be contrasted with the report by Oberhelman and Condon3 who reviewed the records of the Childrens' Hospital of the Cook County Hospital in Chicago for the 21 year period 1925 to 1946, and found 95 cases in children among 141,580 admissions. These statistics reaffirm the earlier teachings that most cases of intussusception occur in children, particularly under two years of age. No statistics are available for studying the frequency in the aged but our review of the published adult cases indicates that this is rare. In the adult large bowel intussusception occurs more frequently than the enteric type which is most common in children. While occasional cases are found in which no definite etiology is discernible (idiopathic type), most adult cases have a specific etiologic factor such as tumor, diverticulum, ulceration, etc. The causes of intussusception are adequately listed by Iason.4 In the light of our present knowledge of the mechanics and pathologic physiology involved, intussusception must be considered an acute surgical condition at any age. However, occasionally the condition of the patient may contraindicate surgery, especially in the aged, or the correct diagnosis may not be immediately established because of the unusual or bizarre symptoms presented. In such cases, rarely, the intussuscepted segment (intussusceptum) may be spontaneously amputated, the gangrenous segment passed rectally and an adequate anastomosis may develop at the site of the amputation to re-establish bowel
U.S. gasoline conservation and Japanese auto imports

Abstract The sustained drop in gasoline demand since 1979 is juxtaposed on the increasing share of the domestic automobile market held by the Japanese imports and the attendant rise in new car fuel efficiencies. Car sales from 1978–1981 are used to calculate representative fuel efficiencies which are averaged over the different models and the four years. The sales are assumed to replace older models in the fleet and resulting fuel savings are estimated. Increased protectionist policies are cited which will inhibit the conservation trend.
Women Aging Together in Community

SUMMARY At a fiftieth birthday party 17 years ago, a group of women—lesbian, bisexual, and straight—decided to create a conscious community in which they could age together. The group, where they discuss this process and support each other, is politically and personally meaningful, and a buffer against the isolation and powerlessness many aging women experience. They meet monthly, and at weekend retreats twice a year. They have become a “family of choice,” sharing holidays and celebrations and supporting each other when necessary and possible. After several years, they decided to commit for life. In the group, each feels held and seen in the complex experience of aging in today's world.
Interaction of taurine and β-alanine with central nervous system neurotransmitter receptors

Taurine, a weak β-adrenergic agonist in rat pineal cultures, causes a 32% increase in the binding of the β-adrenergic antagonist 3H-dihydroalprenolol to rat brain membranes at a concentration of 100 mM. No significant effect was seen at 10 mM however. The amino acid is also effective in displacing 3H-diazepam (Ki, 32.8 mM) and 3H-muscimol (Ki, 32.4 μM), ligands for the benzodiazephine and GABA receptor, respectively. β-Alanine, a taurine analog, is more effective in displacing 3H-diazepam (Ki, 13.8 mM) and 3H-muscimol (Ki, 9 μM) but shows no significant enhancement of 3H-dihydroalprenolol binding. While endogenous taurine levels in brain are in the millimolar range, the physiological significance of these observations remains to be determined.
Molecular Modulation Mass Spectrometry Kinetic Study of the ClO Free Radical

In complex photochemical reactions the effective mechanism may be different at low and at high light intensities, since the ratio of radicals to reactants may approach unity at high light intensities and may be 10−4 or less at low light intensities (such as sunlight). The method of flash photolysis has been highly successful in measuring the spectra and kinetics of free radicals in systems of high light intensities. In this laboratory a method named “molecular modulation spectrometry” has been developed, which measures the spectra and lifetimes of free-radicals in lowintensity photochemical systems. Previous versions have utilized infrared and ultraviolet spectrometry. In this article the method is extended to ion-counting mass spectrometry. The molecular-modulation mass spectrometer was used to re-investigate the kinetics of the CIO radical at low pressure and at low light intensities. Studies by flash photolysis have shown that the CIO radical decays by simple, second-order kinetics This study confirms the previous result found in low intensity photolysis of CI2 and O2 that the decay process is complex and dependent on inert gas The change in rate law between high and low light intensities and trends exhibited by the parameters, k′ and k″, show that we still do not have a complete understanding of the mechanism of this reaction.
EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT OF PRECISION BEARING DYNAMIC STIFFNESS

Abstract Static stiffness measurement of precision bearing components by influence coefficients is complicated by the task of loading and measuring the baseline test fixture stiffness before including the bearing components. Furthermore, as the displacement of the bearing system is measured for various load conditions, the stiffness of high quality bearings may be difficult to distinguish from the test fixture stiffness. The common occurrence of inaccurate stiffness measurements has motivated this investigation of an experimental method based on frequency response function measurements. In this work the traditional static measurement that requires careful attachment and modelling of the test fixture to “ground” is abandoned and replaced by dynamic measurements taken from a test fixture with free boundary conditions. A complete dynamic characterization of the test fixture is shown to be unnecessary; the only measurements required are the frequency response functions at the points of attachment to the bearing components. An investigation into the effects of common measurement errors such as sensor calibration and location is also included, with an example of the proposed method.
Systematics of B(E2;01+-->21+) values for even-even nuclei.

We have completed a compilation of experimental results for the electric quadrupole transition probability B(E2)\ensuremath{\uparrow} between the ${0}^{+}$ ground state and the first ${2}^{+}$ state in even-even nuclei. The adopted B(E2)\ensuremath{\uparrow} values have been employed to test the various systematic, empirical, and theoretical relationships proposed by several authors (Grodzins, Bohr and Mottelson, Wang et al., Ross and Bhaduri, Patnaik et al., Hamamoto, Casten, M\"oller and Nix, and Kumar) on a global, local, or regional basis. These systematics offer methods for making reasonable predictions of unmeasured B(E2) values. For nuclei away from closed shells, the SU(3) limit of the intermediate boson approximation implies that the B(E2)\ensuremath{\uparrow} values are proportional to (${e}_{\mathrm{p}{N}_{\mathrm{p}+{e}_{\mathrm{n}{N}_{\mathrm{n}{)}^{2}}}}}$, where ${e}_{\mathrm{p}({e}_{\mathrm{n}}}$) is the proton (neutron) effective charge and ${N}_{\mathrm{p}}$ (${N}_{\mathrm{n}}$) refers to the number of valence protons (neutrons). This proportionality is consistent with the observed behavior of B(E2)\ensuremath{\uparrow} vs ${N}_{\mathrm{p}{N}_{\mathrm{n}}}$. For deformed nuclei and the actinides, the B(E2)\ensuremath{\uparrow} values calculated in a schematic single-particle ``SU(3)'' simulation or large single-j simulation of major shells successfully reproduce not only the empirical variation of the B(E2)\ensuremath{\uparrow} values but also the observed saturation of these values when plotted against ${N}_{\mathrm{p}{N}_{\mathrm{n}}}$. .AE
Determination of flumequine and oxolinic acid in fortified chicken tissue using on-line dialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

Abstract Isolation of the fluoroquinolones, flumequine and oxolinic acid, from fortified chicken liver was achieved using liquid–liquid extraction, aqueous on-line dialysis and trace enrichment. Dialysis, trace enrichment and column switching were performed using the ASTED system. Separation of the isolated compounds in the tissue extracts was performed using reversed-phase HPLC and fluorescence detection. This procedure yielded excellent mean recoveries at the 50, 25, 10 and 5 ng/g spiking levels for flumequine (94–96%; 4–9% R.S.D.) and at the 25 and 5 ng/g spiking levels for oxolinic acid (98–99%; 4–6% R.S.D.). Clean chromatograms were obtained, allowing detection of 5 ng/g flumequine and 2.5 ng/g oxolinic acid to be easily made. Due to its lower organic solvent consumption, automation and on-line capabilities, this method may be a suitable replacement for conventional chemical extraction techniques for drug residues in animal tissues.
Separate movement planning and spatial assimilation effects in sequential bimanual aiming movements.

This study extended earlier work by showing spatial assimilations in sequential bimanual aiming movements when the participant preplanned only the first movement of a two-movement sequence. Right-h...