cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Information Literacy Threshold Concepts and the Association of College and Research Libraries' Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education

The 2014 release of the Association of College and Research Libraries’ Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education had a significant impact on information literacy scholarship and practice in the United States. The revision process of the previous Competency Standards and the purpose and implementation of the new Framework are still widely discussed as librarians work out what the Framework means to individual institutions and to information literacy as a whole. Organized around six threshold concepts in information literacy as identified in recent research, the Framework reflects developments in the information landscape as threshold concepts have become influential. The authors, who began their research in threshold concepts at the same time as the use and discussion of information literacy threshold concepts increased in the United States, discuss how their work fits into a larger, national conversation on conceptual information literacy instruction and the creation of a high-profile document. Die Verabschiedung des Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education der Association of College and Research Libraries 2014 hatte beachtliche Auswirkungen auf Theorie und Praxis der Vermittlung von Informationskompetenz in den USA. Der Uberarbeitungsprozess der fruheren Standards Informationskompetenz sowie Zielrichtung und Umsetzung des neuen Framework werden nach wie vor breit diskutiert, da Bibliothekar/inn/e/n nun konkretisieren, was das Framework fur ihre jeweilige Einrichtung und fur Informationskompetenz insgesamt bedeutet. Indem es um sechs threshold concepts gruppiert ist, die die aktuelle Forschung zu Informationskompetenz identifiziert hat, bezieht das Framework gezielt Entwicklungen der Informationslandschaft auf diese richtungsweisenden threshold concepts. Die Autorinnen, die ihre Untersuchungen zu threshold concepts just zu der Zeit begannen, zu der der Einsatz von und die Diskussion um threshold concepts in den USA sich ausweitete, legen dar, wie sich ihre Arbeit in einen landesweiten Diskurs um konzeptionell orientierte Vermittlung von Informationskompetenz und die Erstellung eines von der Offentlichkeit vielbeachteten Grundlagenpapiers einfugt.
Women and the War Effort: The Timing of the Federal Suffrage Amendment

A question involved in the debate over women's enfranchisement was whether the right to vote should obligate the voter to military service. 1 A not uncommon argument during the Gilded Age that "the ballot is the inseparable concomitant of the bayonet ... To introduce woman at the polls is to enroll her in the militia" 2 eventually metamorphosed into an argument that women should be advocates for peace. 3 Yet the advent of the Great War prompted the reverse question as to whether military service (albeit noncombatant) should qualify women for their enfranchisement. Woodrow Wilson eventually answered the latter question in the affirmative; however, he arrived at this conclusion in the context of war: the impact of U.S. mobilization against the Central Powers brought this issue to the fore. Wilson's reasons for endorsing the federal amendment were twofold. Not only did Wilson recognize that women had the potential to patriotically contribute to the war effort, he also strove to keep the Democratic Party in power by means of women's votes. The diplomatic National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) was integral in swaying Wilson's convictions toward his active endorsement of the federal amendment for woman suffrage.
Promoting learning in complex systems: effect of question prompts versus system dynamics model progressions as a cognitive-regulation scaffold in a simulation-based inquiry-learning environment

Designing effective technology-based learning environments is challenging. Designing effective technology-based learning environments to facilitate learning about complex knowledge domains is more challenging. To a large extent, the key to the puzzle lies in identifying which scaffolding strategies are more effective; and under which conditions. In a simulation-based inquiry-learning environment, this controlled study investigated the effect of two promising scaffolding strategies; question prompts and system dynamics model progressions, on ninth-grade biology students' cognitive regulation and complex problem-solving skills. For simpler complex problems, findings suggested that both scaffolding strategies were equally effective. However, as the problems increased in complexity, system dynamics model progressions were significantly more effective for facilitating both cognitive regulation and complex problem-solving skills.
Cross-shell excitations in Si 31

The Si31 nucleus was produced through the O18(O18, αn) fusion-evaporation reaction at Elab=24MeV. Evaporated α particles from the reaction were detected and identified in the Microball detector array for channel selection. Multiple γ-ray coincidence events were detected in Gammasphere. The energy and angle information for the α particles was used to determine the Si31 recoil kinematics on an event-by-event basis for a more accurate Doppler correction. A total of 22 new states and 52 new γ transitions were observed, including 14 from states above the neutron separation energy. The positive-parity states predicted by the shell-model calculations in the sd model space agree well with experiment. The negative-parity states were compared with shell-model calculations in the psdpf model space with some variations in the N=20 shell gap. The best agreement was found with a shell gap intermediate between that originally used for A≈20 nuclei and that previously adapted for P32,34. This variation suggests the need for a more universal cross-shell interaction.
Spark erosion as a high-throughput method for producing bimodal nanostructured 316L stainless steel powder

Abstract A high-throughput shaker-pot spark erosion process was used to synthesize a spherical polydisperse 316L stainless steel nanopowder. Capacitance and target morphology of the shaker-pot spark erosion process were evaluated to optimize powder production. Nanopowders were assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission scanning electron microscopy (TSEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and a new multispectral advanced nanoparticle tracking analysis (MANTA) technique. It was found that the chosen spark erosion dielectric, as well as capacitance, heavily impact the submicron particle size distribution and overall production rate. The distribution of the particles obtained was shown to be a wide range bimodal distribution with a small mode near 150 nm and a large mode near 50 μm. Spark energy and time were shown to have a strong correlation with the chosen dielectric and capacitance parameters.
Reconstructive Management Pearls for the Transgender Patient

A growing number of transgender patients are seeking gender-affirming genital reconstructive surgery (GRS). These complex procedures have high complication rates. We describe common surgical pitfalls in GRS and approaches for minimizing complications. Penile inversion vaginoplasty has been associated with excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes. A robotic-assisted dissection may minimize risk of rectal injury. As a younger transgender population chooses pubertal suppression, alternative sources for lining the vaginal canal, such as enteric vaginoplasties, may be more widely utilized. Since adoption of microvascular techniques in phalloplasty, transmasculine individuals have potential for a sensate neophallus and penetrative intercourse. Urethral complications are common and challenging to manage; techniques using flap coverage may minimize ischemia-related strictures. Innovations in prosthesis placement require adaptations to neophallus anatomy. A growing number of transgender individuals are seeking genital reconstruction. Ongoing innovation in surgical technique is needed to improve patient outcomes.
Size-, Shape- and Charge-Dependent Pharmacokinetics of Radiolabeled Nanoparticles

The pharmacokinetics (PK) of nanoparticles is believed to be controlled by a complex array of interrelated physicochemical and biological factors, and an in-depth knowledge of the nanoparticle-organ interaction is critical for not only the nanoplatform design but also its potential clinical translation. Since, it largely defines their in vivo performance and potential toxicity. It is generally accepted that the biodistribution of nanoparticle is determined by the hydrodynamic size, shape, surface chemistry, in vivo stability and the administration route of the injected nanoparticles. The optimal characteristics for the nanoparticle, to be used in the clinical field, is being investigated and not yet clearly known. So far, highly sensitive and quantitative nuclear imaging is perhaps the best tool for assessing the PK profile of radiolabeled nanoparticles in vivo. However, since nuclear imaging technique detects the radioisotopes but not the nanoparticles themselves, the radiolabeling technique and the in vivo stability of the radiolabeled nanoparticles are critical and needs to be well addressed to achieve a reliable evaluation of nanoparticle fate in vivo.
Toilet Lab: Diagnostic Tests on Smart Toilets?

In today's technological era, smart devices for health monitoring and diagnostic testing are becoming more innovative and ubiquitous. In a recent article published in Nature , the author features the concept of home-use smart toilets equipped with a urine sampler and analyzers able to measure a panel of urinary biomarkers. The results of the tests can be self-monitored and shared with the physician in real time while the user goes about their day. As futuristic as this may sound, smart toilets in fact already exist. The Stanford Canary Center researchers have a prototype built with over-the-counter test strips that measure 10 urinary factors such as acidity and glucose concentrations, which can indicate risk of kidney stones and diabetes, …
Social Capital and Health Communications

The concept of social capital has fired the imagination of scholars, policy makers and even activists engaged in the study and practice of social change, both planned and secular. Its popularity stems partly from a promise that its presence could lead to greater integration into the community, participation in civic affairs, better public health and overall comity and cohesion among disparate social groups (Hendryx, Ahern, Lovrich, & McCurdy, 2002; Kawachi & Berkman, 2000; Kawachi & Kennedy, 1997; Kawachi, Kennedy, Lochner, & Prothrow-Stith, 1997; Sampson, Raudenbush, & Earls, 1997; Scheufele & Shah, 2000; Subramanian, Kim, & Kawachi, 2002). This promise is partly responsible for its enormous popularity in a variety of fields including political science, sociology, communication and public health.
Molecular Aspects of Halogen-Based Biosynthesis of Marine Natural Products

An exceptional feature of many marine-derived secondary metabolites is the high degree of halogen-atom substitution, particularly with the element bromine1. Halogenated terpenes and acetate-derived compounds are particularly common metabolites of the marine red algae or seaweeds (Rhodophyta), and it is generally considered that these secondary compounds are produced as defensive substances to deter prospective predators1.
Mutation of the immunodominant CD8+ epitope in the MHV-4 spike protein.

Our lab focuses on understanding the mechanism of murine Coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) pathogenesis in the central nervous system (CNS). MHV strains MHV-4 (JHM) and A59 induce acute encephalitis, followed by chronic demyelination in weanling C57B1/6 (B6) mice; virus is cleared from the CNS by about 2 weeks post infection and demyelination occurs in the absence of infectious virus. We have previously used targeted recombination to select isogenic viruses differing only in the spike gene, expressing either the A59 spike (SA59R16) or the MHV-4 spike (S4R29) in the background of the A59 genome (Phillips et al., 1999). While the MHV-4 spike expressing virus (S4R29) is, like MHV-4, highly neurovirulent, the SA59R16, like MHV-A59, is significantly less neurovirulent
"Hidden" popular illnesses in primary care: residents' recognition and clinical implications.

This study documents that ethnomedical beliefs and practices play an important role in primary care in a southern community. Thirty-three of 73 patients from a rural Appalachian area coming to a university primary care internal medicine practice presented 54 ethnomedical complaints such as “high blood” (24.1%), “Weak 'n dizzy” (22.2%), “nerves” (16.7%), “sugar” (5.6%) and “fallin' out” (3.7%). Thirty-three patients had both biomedical and ethnomedical complaints, 40 patients had biomedical complaints without ethnomedical complaints and no patients presented with ethnomedical complaints alone. Over two-thirds of all patients consulted non-medical personnel for their complaints, mostly family and friends, and 70 percent self-treated prior to clinic consultation. Patients presenting with ethnomedical complaints when compared with those presenting with biomedical complaints sought advice of non-physicians significantly more often (p < 0.02); no statistical difference, however, was found in their self-treatment practices. Ninety-two of 130 biomedical complaints were recorded by the patient's physician but none of the 54 ethnomedical complaints were formally recorded (p < 0.001). The high incidence of ethnomedical complaints in this population and the failure of physicians to recognize these complaints demand that primary care medicine residents be taught improved history-taking skills and the essentials of ethnomedical illnesses if they are to provide culturally-sensitive patient care. [ethnomedicine; physician education; Southern black and white Appalachian folk medicine; culturally-appropriate primary care.]
Surface-microporous graphene for high-performance capacitive deionization under ultralow saline concentration

Abstract Surface microporous graphene (SMG), which had been recently invented, was demonstrated great potential as electrodes for capacitive deionization in this work. Its large amounts of surface micropores, that homogeneously distributed in graphene sheets, were observed by transmission electron microscopy and supported by N2 adsorption/desorption measurement. This unique structure makes SMG an efficient electrode, which exhibited excellent electrochemical performance even at ultralow saline concentration. Its electrosorption capacity could reach 9.13 mg/g at 2.0 V in 50 mg/l NaCl solution with a batch-mode recycling CDI system, which is larger than that of activated carbon (3.45 mg/g). The superior electrosorption capacity may be attributed to the surface microporous structure of SMG materials, in which the surface micropores can be accessed with negligible charge transport distance.
Quantitative sensory testing in children with sickle cell disease: additional insights and future possibilities.

Quantitative sensory testing (QST) is used in a variety of pain disorders to characterize pain and predict prognosis and response to specific therapies. In this study, we aimed to confirm results in the literature documenting altered QST thresholds in sickle cell disease (SCD) and assess the test-retest reliability of results over time. Fifty-seven SCD and 60 control subjects aged 8-20 years underwent heat and cold detection and pain threshold testing using a Medoc TSAII. Participants were tested at baseline and 3 months; SCD subjects were additionally tested at 6 months. An important facet of our study was the development and use of a novel QST modelling approach, allowing us to model all data together across modalities. We have not demonstrated significant differences in thermal thresholds between subjects with SCD and controls. Thermal thresholds were consistent over a 3- to 6-month period. Subjects on whom hydroxycarbamide (HC) was initiated shortly before or after baseline testing (new HC users) exhibited progressive decreases in thermal sensitivity from baseline to 6 months, suggesting that thermal testing may be sensitive to effective therapy to prevent vasoocclusive pain. These findings inform the use of QST as an endpoint in the evaluation of preventative pain therapies.
Can there be a Catholic approach to the teaching of physics to students in Catholic universities? Some ideas for teachers and students to consider

We currently live in a high-tech society where portable supercomputers, artificial intelligence, genetic enhancement, etc., are becoming part of our daily life. It can be argued that this steady fl...
Modeling the biomimetic self-organization of active objects in fluids

Abstract Living cells self-organize to perform various complex tasks that a single cell alone could not accomplish. Few synthetic nano- or micro-scale objects can autonomously carry out comparable coordinated behavior. We develop computational models to design fluid-filled microchambers containing both nano- and micro-particles that convert inputs of thermal, optical or chemical energy into mechanical motion to exhibit collective biomimetic activity. For example, the heat generated by illuminating the solution of nanoparticles within the microchamber drives the dispersed microparticles to self-organize into colloidal crystals that follow a moving light source, and thus exhibit life-like photo-tactic behavior. For microchambers containing catalyst-coated flexible sheets, chemo-responsive microparticles and the appropriate reactants, the sheets self-organize into autonomously moving “predators” that effectively collaborate to trap the “prey-like” particles. These computational studies provide valuable guidelines for developing microfluidic devices and soft-robots displaying autonomous bio-inspired properties that greatly expand the functionality of these systems.
In-situ structural and electrical conductivity characterization of Sr2MMoO6-δ double perovskite solid oxide fuel cell anode materials

In this study, a series of Sr2MMoO6-δ double perovskite solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode materials (where 0 ≤ δ ≤ 0.041 and M = Fe, Co, or Ni) were synthesized, and the changes in their morpholog...
Bivalent engagement of endothelial surface antigens is critical to prolonged surface targeting and protein delivery in vivo

Targeted drug delivery to the endothelium has the potential to generate localized therapeutic effects at the blood-tissue interface. For some therapeutic cargoes, it is essential to maintain contact with the bloodstream to exert protective effects. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of endothelial surface-targeted affinity ligands and biotherapeutic cargo remain a largely unexplored area, despite obvious translational implications for this strategy. To bridge this gap, we site-specifically radiolabeled mono- (scFv) and bivalent (mAb) affinity ligands specific for the endothelial cell adhesion molecules, PECAM-1 (CD31) and ICAM-1 (CD54). Radiotracing revealed similar lung biodistribution at 30 minutes post-injection (79.3% ± 4.2% vs 80.4% ± 10.6% ID/g for αICAM and 58.9% ± 3.6% ID/g vs. 47.7% ± 5.8% ID/g for αPECAM mAb vs. scFv), but marked differences in organ residence time, with antibodies demonstrating an order of magnitude greater area under the lung concentration vs. time curve (AUCinf 1698 ± 352 vs. 53.3 ± 7.9 ID/g*hrs for αICAM and 1023 ± 507 vs. 114 ± 37 ID/g*hrs for αPECAM mAb vs scFv). A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model, fit to and validated using these data, indicated contributions from both superior binding characteristics and prolonged circulation time supporting multiple binding-detachment cycles. We tested the ability of each affinity ligand to deliver a prototypical surface cargo, thrombomodulin (TM), using one-to-one protein conjugates. Bivalent mAb-TM was superior to monovalent scFv-TM in both pulmonary targeting and lung residence time (AUCinf 141 ± 3.2 vs 12.4 ± 4.2 ID/g*hrs for ICAM and 188 ± 90 vs 34.7 ± 19.9 ID/g*hrs for PECAM), despite having similar blood PK, indicating that binding strength is more important parameter than the kinetics of binding. To maximize bivalent target engagement, we synthesized an oriented, end-to-end anti-ICAM mAb-TM conjugate and found that this therapeutic had the best lung residence time (AUCinf 253 ± 18 ID/g*hrs) of all TM modalities. These observations have implications not only for the delivery of TM, but also potentially all therapeutics targeted to the endothelial surface.
Evolving Intersectionality Within Public Health: From Analysis to Action

Intersectionality scholars typically use the term "flattening" to describe how intersectionality as it becomes mainstream is being depoliticized and stripped of its attention to power, social justice, and praxis 5,6 Consider, for example, the NAS (formerly the Institute of Medicine), one of the first national research organizations to embrace intersectionality as a crosscutting perspective for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) health research in 2011 7 The NAS report's glossary defined intersectionality as "a theory used to analyze how social and cultural categories intertwine"7(p318) and attributed the definition to a White Swedish professor's conference presentation In May 2018, the Division of AIDS Research at NIH's National Institute of Mental Health concretized its interest in the topic of intersectional stigma (https://bit ly/31IKzTr), prompting requests for proposals (https://bit ly/ 34uU36D) that applied intersectionality to HIV prevention and LGBT health research Poteat argues that it has been community-based organizations and policy think tanks, not traditional public health agencies or public health surveillance systems, that have provided the most "sophisticated intersectional analyses" (p 91) about the disproportionate and structural toll of COVID-19 on US racial/ethnic minority communities
And Not by Turnout Alone: Measuring the Sources of Electoral Change, 2012 to 2016

Changes in partisan outcomes between consecutive elections must come from changes in the composition of electorate or changes in the vote choices of consistent voters. The extent to which electoral change is driven by composition versus conversion has critical implications for political systems including the nature of the electoral connection and politicians' strategies while campaigning and governing. Here, we analyze electoral change between the 2012 and 2016 U.S. presidential elections using administrative data. At the precinct level, the smallest geography at which vote counts are available, we merge election returns with individual-level turnout records from 37 million registered voters in six key states. While both factors aided the GOP in 2016 in some places, our analysis suggests that pro-GOP conversion among two-election voters was particularly impactful, especially in states including Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania where the pro-GOP swings were largest. Conversion among two-election voters remains critical to electoral change.
VLA4-Targeted Nanoparticles Hijack Cell Adhesion-Mediated Drug Resistance to Target Refractory Myeloma Cells and Prolong Survival.

Purpose: In multiple myeloma, drug-resistant cells underlie relapse or progression following chemotherapy. Cell adhesion–mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) is an established mechanism used by myeloma cells (MMC) to survive chemotherapy and its markers are upregulated in residual disease. The integrin very late antigen 4 (VLA4; α4β1) is a key mediator of CAM-DR and its expression affects drug sensitivity of MMCs. Rather than trying to inhibit its function, here, we hypothesized that upregulation of VLA4 by resistant MMCs could be exploited for targeted delivery of drugs, which would improve safety and efficacy of treatments. Experimental Design: We synthetized 20 nm VLA4-targeted micellar nanoparticles (V-NP) carrying DiI for tracing or a novel camptothecin prodrug (V-CP). Human or murine MMCs, alone or with stroma, and immunocompetent mice with orthotopic multiple myeloma were used to track delivery of NPs and response to treatments. Results: V-NPs selectively delivered their payload to MMCs in vitro and in vivo, and chemotherapy increased their uptake by surviving MMCs. V-CP, alone or in combination with melphalan, was well tolerated and prolonged survival in myeloma-bearing mice. V-CP also reduced the dose requirement for melphalan, reducing tumor burden in association with suboptimal dosing without increasing overall toxicity. Conclusions: V-CP may be a safe and effective strategy to prevent or treat relapsing or refractory myeloma. V-NP targeting of resistant cells may suggest a new approach to environment-induced resistance in cancer.
SARS-CoV-2 antibody response after COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic disease.

The impacts of rheumatic disease and immunosuppression on the development of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 are unknown. A study of healthcare workers showed that detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were associated with reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, and the robustness of this neutralising antibody response has implications for seroprevalence studies and vaccine efficacy.1 While disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) generally blunt the immune response to pathogens, immunosuppressive medications such as dexamethasone and baricitinib have efficacy in reducing the severity of COVID-19.2 3 Additionally, tumour necrosis factor inhibition has been proposed as a potential mechanism for enhancing germinal centre formation and antibody production in severe COVID-19.4 Understanding the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response after COVID-19 among rheumatic disease patients is therefore of particular interest.5 We examined the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response among patients with rheumatic diseases and past COVID-19 at the Mass General Brigham (MGB) health system in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Patients with COVID-19 confirmed by positive PCR testing and rheumatic disease confirmed by electronic health record (EHR) review were identified as previously described.6 We …
Colorectal cancer ovarian metastases.

Objective Ovarian metastases occur in 3%–5% of patients with colorectal cancer. The role of oophorectomy in that setting continues to be debated. We aimed to assess the survival of women treated with metastasectomy for ovarian metastasis. Methods Retrospective cohort study of patients in the California Cancer Registry (2000–2012) with stage IV colorectal cancer and ovarian metastases. Pathology other than adenocarcinoma was excluded. Adjusted Cox-proportional hazard analysis was applied to assess the risk of death. Results A total of 756 patients with synchronous ovarian metastases and 516 patients with metachronous ovarian metastases form the basis of this analysis. Median follow-up for the synchronous cohort was 21 months (IQR: 8–36). Median overall survival was 23 months (IQR: 10–42). Estimated 5-year survival reached 17% and 10-year survival was 8%. There was a significant difference in unadjusted survival between patients with solitary ovarian metastasis (median overall survival: 51 months) compared with those who had both ovarian and extraovarian metastases (20 months) (log-rank test, P Conclusions Patients with colorectal cancer ovarian metastasis have favorable long-term survival. Survival rates are higher if the tumor is isolated to the ovary or if metachronous to the primary cancer.
Compute-in-RRAM with Limited On-chip Resources

Compute-in-memory (CIM) is a new computing paradigm that addresses the memory-wall problem in the deep learning accelerator. Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) is an emerging non-volatile memory that is suitable as on-chip embedded memory to store the weights of the deep neural network (DNN) models. In this paper, first we will review general design considerations of RRAM-CIM prototype chip integrated with CMOS peripheral circuitry such as weight mapping scheme and analog-to-digital conversion requirement. Second, we will discuss the challenges in CIM chip design when the chip area is constrained to hold all the weights of the large-scale DNN models. Finally, we will present a design methodology to enable the runtime reconfiguration of DNN models on a custom CIM chip instance with fixed hardware resources.
A Typical Week With Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background and objectives Identifying the experience of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may help develop research agendas, interventions, and other supports to better match individuals' needs. The purpose of this study was to explore the subjective experience of a "typical week" living with MCI to document (1) important activities, (2) barriers to usual activities, and (3) facilitators and supports. Research design and methods We conducted remote individual photo-elicitation interviews with 11 community-dwelling adults aged 55 years or older with MCI. Participants each provided 5-10 photographs of daily life taken over one week to facilitate a semi-structured qualitative interview. Interview transcriptions were coded in Dedoose software and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Participants shared photos and narratives highlighting the important activities in a typical week, in which physical activity, social engagement, spiritual and religious practice, hobbies, and cognitive stimulation were central. Many also shared disruptions to former routines and reduction of activities alongside increased use of new strategies and environmental supports (e.g., calendars, smartphones). Finally, emergent themes centered on disclosure of their diagnosis and reflections about the future. Discussion and implications Participant-generated images aided data collection and facilitated discussion of sensitive topics with individuals with MCI. Such narratives may illustrate the needs and opportunities to promote well-being in individuals with MCI, including engagement in meaningful and health-promoting activities, assessing barriers to important daily activities, and considering supports that match the experience and needs of those with MCI.
Improving the transition of adolescents from disadvantaged backgrounds from pediatric to adult primary care providers.

Abstract Background The lack of structured transition interventions for adolescents aging out of pediatric care is associated with poor health outcomes. Methods We assessed the effectiveness of a transition protocol that aimed to improve the transfer of adolescents to adult primary care. Chart reviews were conducted on 21- and 22-year-old patients seen 18 months before and after protocol implementation. Completion of an adult medicine appointment scheduled within 6 months from the last pediatric visit was the primary outcome of interest. Findings In pre-implementation period, 20.9% of patients versus 39.3% in post-implementation period were transferred. Transfer was higher in patients who had a dedicated transition visit, had a transition order placed, and were tracked during the transfer process. Discussion A transition protocol can increase the number of adolescents who transfer to adult care. Once a patient is ready to transition, a dedicated transition visit is ideal; however, providers should incorporate transition care during any clinical encounter. While an electronic transition order can facilitate appointment scheduling, patient tracking and appointment reminders can help ensure appointment completion. In addition, all clinical staff should receive transition training and clinicians should be frequently reminded about the need to transition their patients. However, even with these efforts to support transition, the majority of patients did not do so, which indicates a continued need to develop and evaluate transition interventions. Practice implications Implementing a transition protocol in pediatric clinics can improve the transition of adolescents aging out of pediatric care and may diminish gaps in medical care that can be associated with poor health outcomes.
Learning Spaces At Mason: Where We've Been and Where We're Going

Location: Dewberry Hall Abstract: In this poster, we identify Masonâs current active learning spaces and present (preliminary analysis of) faculty and student responses to them from the past four years; we use that information to frame key opportunities for faculty to implement active learning and teaching in new campus buildings. After a brief review of the growth of active learning classrooms (ALCs), we present data from faculty surveys about the approaches they used and perceptions of the engagement that resulted, and from student surveys about their ALC experiences. We finish with a preview of the new classrooms opening in Core Campus/Fairfax, Johnson Annex/SciTech, and Van Metre/Arlington in the next three years.
Nanoindentation Characterization of Moisture Damage in Different Phases of Asphalt Concrete

Traditional microscale testing cannot be performed on asphalt binder, mastic, or aggregate, while they are an integral part of asphalt concrete (AC). Recently, nanoindentation has created an opportunity to characterize mastic and asphalt binder while they reside in an AC sample. In the study, laboratory nanoindentation testing is carried out to characterize moisture-induced damage in different phases of AC. A moisture-induced sensitivity testing (MIST) device is used for moisture conditioning of AC. In the MIST device, an AC sample is fully submerged under water and all-around cyclic pressure is applied through the pores inside an AC sample to cause damage. Damaged AC samples are indented for an extended dwell time of 200 s using an unloading rate of 0.02 mN/s to minimize viscous effects of asphalt on test results. The indentation load-displacement curve is analyzed by the Oliver–Pharr method to obtain elastic modulus and hardness. When comparing wet and dry sample indentation test results, it is observed that the modulus of the wet mastic reduces to 60 % of dry mastic modulus. Overall moisture conditioning reduces the modulus of AC by 70 %. In addition, the creep response of the mastic phase is modeled by a viscoelastic Burger model. The creep compliance value of wet mastic is 42 % higher than that of dry mastic.
Revisiting the question of the transnational state: A comment on William Robinson’s “Social theory and globalization”

William Robinson's thoughtful and provocative essay calls for a recasting of the parameters of social theory in light of the structural shifts associated with globalization. In particular, he argues that the sociology of the state needs to acknowledge the growing "deterritorialization" of economic and political relationships at the turn of the twenty-first century. To accomplish this, he deploys the concept of the "transnational state" (TNS) as the embryonic political form of economic globalization. Robinson bases this conceptual intervention on a theoretical claim for "a 'deterritorialization' of the relationship of capital to the state," and "the 'pure' reproduction of social relations, that is, a process not mediated by fixed geo-political dynamics." This is a bold claim indeed. It suggests that we have arrived at a point where Marx's theory of capital now corresponds to reality. Alternatively, it reaffirms the claims made by the agents of capital that globalization is here to stay and there is no alternative. It is these implications that I wish to address in this comment.
Modeling the impact of back-end process variation on circuit performance

We present a stochastic approach to account for on-chip interconnect process variation. A Monte Carlo approach is taken using actual process distributions to generate realistic 3-D performance corners. Accurate analytical models are used to provide a >3 order of magnitude speedup over simulation techniques. Resulting delay and noise performance spreads are 33 to 63% tighter than those found using a conventional technique. We apply this method to a clock distribution network to more precisely determine clock skew.
Two-photon 3D lithography: materials and applications

This study demonstrates the fabrication of a representative set of microstructures based on the three classes of two-photon photoactive materials compositions. Such structures can be used directly for suitable applications but can also be used as templates for the growth or molding of other materials as needed for a specific application. Given the ability of the two-photon lithography to produce 3D patterns of arbitrary structure, there is potential for the fabrication of an essentially limitless number of micro- and nano-structures in a wide variety of materials compositions.
An Artificial Immune System Approach to Semantic Document Classification

AIRS, a resource limited artificial immune classifier system, has performed well on elementary classification tasks. This paper proposes the use of this system for the more complex task of hierarchical, multi-class document classification. This information can then be applied to the realm of taxonomy mapping, an active research area with far reaching implications. Our motivation comes from the use of a personal semantic structure for ease of navigation within a set of Internet based documents.
A Comparitive Utility Analysis of Case-Based Reasoning and Control-Rule Learning Systems

The utility problem in learning systems occurs when knowledge learned in an attempt to improve a system's performance degrades performance instead. We present a methodology for the analysis of utility problems which uses computational models of problem solving systems to isolate the root causes of a utility problem, to detect the threshold conditions under which the problem will arise, and to design strategies to eliminate it. We present models of case-based reasoning and control-rule learning systems and compare their performance with respect to the swamping utility problem. Our analysis suggests that case-based reasoning systems are more resistant to the utility problem than control-rule learning systems.
Role of Myocardial Strain Imaging in Chemotherapy Related Cardiotoxicity

With an increase in the survival rate and longevity of cancer patients and rapid development of novel anti neoplastic agents, there have been growing concerns about the potential long-term side effects of these drugs. Cardiotoxicity resulting from targeted chemotherapy is a common adverse effect encountered in clinical practice. Traditionally, the cardiac side effects of chemotherapeutic agents have been evaluated primarily by measurement of reduction in systolic function of the heart by assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Recently, there has been increasing emphasis on earlier and more accurate prediction of cardiotoxicity using imaging modalities besides evaluation of LVEF. Such methods include myocardial strain imaging. We present a review elaborating the role of myocardial strain imaging in chemotherapy related cardiotoxicity.
“It’s Like Playing with a Nuclear Bomb”

AbstractMost observers of the evangelical purity culture situate it within a form of contemporary evangelicalism that prioritizes personal spiritual growth and self-fulfillment. As a result, portrayals of the movement emphasize the therapeutic individualism and optimism of new paradigm spirituality. But the new paradigm does not help us explain the language of spiritual warfare and what Jason Bivins calls a religion of fear within purity rhetoric. Evangelical purity culture is as equally informed by a religion of accommodation and new paradigm spirituality as it is by a religion of fear and the remnants of cold war fundamentalism. This discordance makes sense only when the contemporary purity culture is placed within a broader historical trajectory that marks its genesis in the fundamentalist resurgence of the 1940s, not the 1970s when new paradigm churches first emerged. By examining the seemingly discordant elements of evangelical purity culture, historians are able to recognize the theological and hist...
Symmetric Z 2 spin liquids and their neighboring phases on triangular lattice

Motivated by recent numerical discovery of a gapped spin liquid phase in spin-$1/2$ triangular-lattice ${J}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{J}_{2}$ Heisenberg model, we classify symmetric ${Z}_{2}$ spin liquids on triangular lattice in the Abrikosov-fermion representation. We find 20 phases with distinct spinon symmetry quantum numbers, eight of which have their counterparts in the Schwinger-boson representation. Among them we identify two promising candidates (#1 and #20), which can realize a gapped ${Z}_{2}$ spin liquid with up to next nearest neighbor mean-field amplitudes. We analyze their neighboring magnetic orders and valence bond solid patterns, and find one state (#20) that is connected to 120-degree Neel order by a continuous quantum phase transition. We also identify gapped nematic ${Z}_{2}$ spin liquids in the neighborhood of the symmetric states and find three promising candidates (#1, #6, and #20).
Complete heart block and asystole following blunt cardiac trauma

Cardiac contusion is a well-recognized complication of blunt chest trauma. Various conduction system disorders have been reported in association with this condition, the most common being right bundle branch block. Complete heart block (CHB) is seen rarely. Most cases of CHB are transient. We present the case of an 80-year-old woman who developed CHB and asystole following blunt cardiac trauma. Malignant cardiac arrhythmias such as CHB can be associated with blunt cardiac trauma. In most cases, CHB is transient resolving in days to weeks. In rare cases, however, CHB leads to asystole. Close monitoring and prompt intervention is thus required.
The Limits of Mathematics (in C)

This is a shortened version of "The Limits of Mathematics--Course Outline & Software" (IBM Research Report RC 19324, December 1993) in which all Mathematica code has either been deleted or, if absolutely necessary, replaced by C code. The intention is to make this material available to a wider audience.
Institutions and Innovation: A Literature Review of the Impact of Public R&D and Financial Institutions on Firm Innovation

Institutions and the environment matter for innovation, but which institutions matter more? How do they matter at a more micro-level? It is clear from work in institutional economics that the levels and modes of innovative and entrepreneurial activity should be affected by the surrounding institutions (Licht, Siegel 2006, Busenitz, Gomez, Spencer 2000). Institutions can help alter the constraints and structure of incentives in a society to direct self-interested behavior towards either more or less economically productive activities (Baumol 1990, Nee 1996). New opportunities open up as emerging economics undertake the shift from redistributive bureaucracy to open markets (Nee 1996), but we still lack an understanding of which shifts are more important for increasing technological innovation. The environment for entrepreneurship along with differences in technological opportunities, the characteristics of economic spillovers between universities and private firms, along with cultural factors can impact the level and types of entrepreneurial activity occurring. Yet currently we have a limited understanding of these factors. This paper focuses specifically on the impact of two broad institutions: financial and public R&D institutions.
Early Prediction of Cancer Progression by Depth-Resolved Nanoscale Mapping of Nuclear Architecture from Unstained Tissue Specimens

Early cancer detection currently relies on screening the entire at-risk population, as with colonoscopy and mammography. Therefore, frequent, invasive surveillance of patients at risk for developing cancer carries financial, physical, and emotional burdens because clinicians lack tools to accurately predict which patients will actually progress into malignancy. Here, we present a new method to predict cancer progression risk via nanoscale nuclear architecture mapping (nanoNAM) of unstained tissue sections based on the intrinsic density alteration of nuclear structure rather than the amount of stain uptake. We demonstrate that nanoNAM detects a gradual increase in the density alteration of nuclear architecture during malignant transformation in animal models of colon carcinogenesis and in human patients with ulcerative colitis, even in tissue that appears histologically normal according to pathologists. We evaluated the ability of nanoNAM to predict "future" cancer progression in patients with ulcerative colitis who did and did not develop colon cancer up to 13 years after their initial colonoscopy. NanoNAM of the initial biopsies correctly classified 12 of 15 patients who eventually developed colon cancer and 15 of 18 who did not, with an overall accuracy of 85%. Taken together, our findings demonstrate great potential for nanoNAM in predicting cancer progression risk and suggest that further validation in a multicenter study with larger cohorts may eventually advance this method to become a routine clinical test.
Rock strength along a fluvial transect of the Colorado Plateau – quantifying a fundamental control on geomorphology

a b s t r a c t Bedrock strength is a key parameter that influences slope stability, landscape erosion, and fluvial incision. Yet, it is often ignored or indirectly constrained in studies of landscape evolution, as with the K erodibility parameter in stream-power models. Empirical datasets of rock strength suited to address geomorphic questions are rare, in part because of the difficulty in measuring those rocks at Earth's surface that are heterolithic, weak, or poorly exposed. Here we present a large dataset of measured bedrock strength organized by rock units exposed along the length of the trunk Green-Colorado River through the iconic Colorado Plateau of the western U.S. Measurements include field compressive tests, fracture spacing, and Selby Rock Mass Strength at 168 localities, as well as 672 individual tensile-strength tests in the laboratory. Tensile strength results are compared to geomorphic metrics of unit stream power, river gradient, and channel and valley-bottom width through the arid Colorado Plateau, where the influence of bedrock is intuitive but unquantified. Our dataset reveals logical trends between tensile and compressive strength as well as between strength, rock type and age. In bedrock reaches of the fluvial transect, there is a positive rank-correlation and a strong power-law correlation between reach-averaged rock strength and unit stream power, as well as a linear relation between tensile strength and river gradient. Expected relations between fracture spacing and topography are masked partly by the massive yet weak sandstones in the dataset. To constrain values for weak rock types such as shale, we utilize the inverse power-law scaling between tensile strength and valley-bottom width to estimate their "effective" tensile strength. Results suggest that tensile strength varies to at least an order-of-magnitude smaller values than evident with directly testable rocks in this landscape, and values for erodibility (K ) in numerical simulations may be informed by this dataset. In terms of landscape evolution, these results support the finding that equilibrium adjustment to bedrock strength, not differential uplift or transient incision, is the first-order control on large-scale fluvial geomorphology in the Colorado Plateau. This has broad implications for the interpretation of topography in terms of tectonic drivers.
Current-voltage and capacitance-voltage characteristics of heterostructure insulated-gate field-effect transistors

We present the results of theoretical and experimental studies of heterostructure insulated-gate field-effect transistors (HIG' FET's). We develop an improved charge-control model for the two-dimensional densities of electronand hole gases at the heterointerface. Our model provides an accurate description of the device behavior even at relatively low densities of two-dimensional gases. We obtain the current-voltage characteristics of HIGFET's using our charge-control model and account for the gate current. The theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental measurements.