cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vector density survey results and analysis of Dongli district,Tianjin

Objective To get an insight into the species of biological vectors and their seasonal fluctuation in Dongli district,Tianjin,providing a scientific basis for the control of the hazards of biological vectors.Methods The national biological vector surveillance program was followed for the selection of the surveillance sites,with the night trapping method,trapping lamp method,cage trap method and adhesive killing method used to investigate the density of the rats,mosquitoes,flies and cockroaches.Results It was found that Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species in Dongli district,accounting for 79.55% of the total,followed by Mus musculus,accounting for 20.45%.The rat density peaked in August,followed in May.The density of mosquitoes varied with different habitats with the highest density seen in the livestock shed accounting for 19.52/(lights·h),followed by farmer houses,green parks,hospitals and residential areas.Musca domestica was the dominant fly species,accounting for 58.40% of the total number of the captured.The brown-tail Boettcherisca peregrina and M.sorbes accounted for 20.41% and 7.13%,respectively,the habitats listed in a descending order in terms of the number of flies captured were farmers ' houses markets residential green belt.The dominant species of cockroach was Blattella germanica,accounting for 99.81% of the total number of the captured,with its density and infestation rates highest in the farmers ' market.Conclusion Of all the surveillance sites investigated,the highest rat density is seen in catering industry,the highest rat density of mosquitoes in cattle sheds and the highest density of flies and cockroaches in farmers ' markets.Prevention and control of the vectors should be taken seriously.
Syntactic category disambiguation within an architecture of human language processing.

Syntactic category ambiguities are very frequent in natural languages, and all architectures of language processing need a mechanism for disambiguating syntactic category ambiguities. Corley and Crocker (2000) suggested that syntactic category disambiguation can be assigned its own module within a modular architecture. We will show that the model defined by Corley and Crocker can account for a considerable amount of variance in reading times of naturally occurring texts. In addition, we provide evidence that syntactic category disambiguation may be independent of syntactic top-down expectations, emphasizing the important role of bottom-up processes within an architecture of human language processing.
Development of Multifunctional Fluorescent-Magnetic Nanoprobes for Selective Capturing and Multicolor Imaging of Heterogeneous Circulating Tumor Cells.

Circulating tumor cells (CTC) are highly heterogeneous in nature due to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is the major obstacle for CTC analysis via “liquid biopsy”. This article reports the development of a new class of multifunctional fluorescent–magnetic multicolor nanoprobes for targeted capturing and accurate identification of heterogeneous CTC. A facile design approach for the synthesis and characterization of bioconjugated multifunctonal nanoprobes that exhibit excellent magnetic properties and emit very bright and photostable multicolor fluorescence at red, green, and blue under 380 nm excitation is reported. Experimental data presented show that the multifunctional multicolor nanoprobes can be used for targeted capture and multicolor fluorescence mapping of heterogeneous CTC and can distinguish targeted CTC from nontargeted cells.
Decolonizing Christianity: Religion and the End of Empire in France and Algeria

Decolonizing Christianity traces the dramatic transformation of Christianity from its position as the moral foundation of European imperialism to its role as a radical voice of political and social change in the era of decolonization. As Christians renegotiated their place in the emerging Third World, they confronted the consequences of racism and violence that Christianity had reinforced in European colonies. This book tells the story of Christians in Algeria who undertook a mission to 'decolonize the Church' and ensure the future of Christianity in postcolonial Algeria. But it also recovers the personal aspects of decolonization, as many of these Christians were arrested and tortured by the French for their support of Algerian independence. The consequences of these actions were immense, as the theological and social engagement of Christians in Algeria then influenced the groundbreaking reforms developing within global Christianity in the 1960s.
SleepServer: a software-only approach for reducing the energy consumption of PCs within enterprise environments

Desktop computers are an attractive focus for energy savings as they are both a substantial component of enterprise energy consumption and are frequently unused or otherwise idle. Indeed, past studies have shown large power savings if such machines could simply be powered down when not in use. Unfortunately, while contemporary hardware supports low power "sleep" modes of operation, their use in desktop PCs has been curtailed by application expectations of "always on" network connectivity. In this paper, we describe the architecture and implementation of SleepServer, a system that enables hosts to transition to such low-power sleep states while still maintaining their application's expected network presence using an ondemand proxy server. Our approach is particularly informed by our focus on practical deployment and thus SleepServer is designed to be compatible with existing networking infrastructure, host hardware and operating systems. Using SleepServer does not require any hardware additions to the end hosts themselves, and can be supported purely by additional software running on the systems under management. We detail results from our experience in deploying SleepServer in a medium scale enterprise with a sample set of thirty machines instrumented to provide accurate real-time measurements of energy consumption. Our measurements show significant energy savings for PCs ranging from 60%-80%, depending on their use model.
Enhanced self-action effects and slow-light optical solitons by electromagnetically induced transparency in the two-level atom

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has been studied primarily within the context of a multilevel atomic system. We show that EIT can occur in a two-level atomic system and can lead to strong self-action effects that are not hampered by material absorption, with important implications for processes such as squeezed-light generation and the propagation of optical solitons.
Depressive symptoms are associated with leukocyte telomere length in American Indians: findings from the Strong Heart Family Study

Patients with depression have an increased risk for many aging-related disorders, but the biological mechanisms underlying this link remain to be determined. Here we examined the association between depressive symptoms and leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a marker of biological aging, among 2,175 American Indians participating in the Strong Heart Family Study. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression Scale (CES-D), which was categorized into four levels: none ( 24). LTL (T/S ratio) was quantified by qPCR. The association between depressive symptoms and LTL was examined by multivariate generalized estimating equation models, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, lifestyle factors, and chronic conditions. Results showed that individuals with a higher level of depressive symptoms had shorter LTL. Specifically, LTL in participants reporting none, mild, moderate, and severe depressive symptoms were 1.000, 0.999, 0.988, and 0.966, respectively (P for trend = 0.0278). Moreover, gender appears to modulate the effect of reported depressive symptoms that fall in the severe range (CES-D > 24) on LTL (P for interaction = 0.0346). Our results suggest that depressive symptoms may accelerate biological aging through pathways beyond traditional risk factors in American Indians.
Long-Term Outcomes of Patients With Mediastinal Radiation-Associated Severe Aortic Stenosis and Subsequent Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: A Matched Cohort Study.

BackgroundCardiac disease after mediastinal radiotherapy for thoracic malignancy (chest radiotherapy [XRT]) often manifests as progressive aortic stenosis. In patients with XRT‐induced severe aorti...
From Analysis to Evaluation: Brand Management and the Future of I-O Psychology

Aguinis et al. (2017) address an issue of upmost importance for the field of industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology: recruitment. The ability to attract and retain talented individuals is a principle determinant of success in a knowledge-driven economy (Yu & Cable, 2012). The focal article notes that future practitioners and researchers are commonly exposed to the field of I-O psychology for the first time via introductory courses taken during their undergraduate education. A study by Rose et al. (2014) likewise suggests that introductory courses are among the most popular channels through which business and human resource professionals learn about I-O psychology. Consequently, the information communicated in these courses not only shapes the beliefs and behaviors of those who might one day produce/provide the goods/services of I-O psychology, but also those who might consume them. Introductory courses are, therefore, both an important recruitment source as well as an important marketing channel. Aguinis et al. provide a much-needed content analysis of the information communicated to students through introductory textbooks and offer insight into the ways in which this information may affect the future of I-O psychology. Building from their analysis of content, this commentary offers an approach to program evaluation that utilizes the principles of brand management to better understand how the messages communicated to students impact their beliefs about the field. Moving from analysis to evaluation is a logical next step in making a desired future for I-O psychology.
Arresting development: comics at the boundaries of literature,

As comics have received numerous literary awards, found their way into museums, peer-reviewed journals and medical schools, countless academic and non-academic outlets assert the form’s newfound le...
Applying a physiologic partograph to Consortium on Safe Labor data to identify opportunities for safely decreasing cesarean births among nulliparous women

Background The timing of hospital admission for women with spontaneous labor onset and the criteria used to assess active labor progress and diagnose labor dystocia may significantly influence women's risk for primary cesarean birth. Our aims were to assess associations of labor status at admission (i.e., preactive or active) and active labor progress (i.e., dystocic or physiologic) with oxytocin augmentation, cesarean birth, and adverse neonatal outcome rates. Methods A sample of low-risk, nulliparous women admitted to hospitals for spontaneous labor onset was extracted from the Consortium on Safe Labor (n = 27 077). Binomial logistic regression was used to assess associations between labor classifications and outcomes. Results At admission, 68.0% of women were in preactive labor and 32.0% were in active labor. Cesarean rates for these groups were 18.0% and 7.2%, respectively (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.69; 95% CI 2.45-2.96). Oxytocin augmentation and adverse neonatal outcomes were more likely for women admitted in preactive labor. Among women admitted in active labor, 9.3% experienced labor dystocia and 90.7% progressed physiologically. Cesarean rates for these groups were 20.4% and 5.9%, respectively (AOR 3.02; 95% CI 2.45-3.73). Nearly half of the cesareans performed for dystocia among women admitted in active labor occurred when cervical dilation was physiologic. Oxytocin augmentation and adverse neonatal outcomes were more likely when active labor was dystocic. Conclusions Adoption of evidence-based, standardized approaches for diagnosing active labor onset, assessing labor progress, and diagnosing dystocia may safely decrease oxytocin augmentation and cesarean birth rates in the United States.
Road condition identification from millimeter-wave radar backscatter measurements

Radar backscatter measurements under various road conditions are presented in this paper. With the aid of a millimeter-wave automotive radar, backscatter measurements of an asphalt road surface were obtained for a stationary and moving radar platform and under dry, rainy, snowy, and slushy conditions. The effect of the conditions on the radar's backscatter are examined, and the feasibility of a road-condition identification scheme is demonstrated.
Predictive Indicators of Financial Crises

There is renewed interest in ‘early warning models’ after each wave of crises. This chapter surveys the literature on early warning models for crises in emerging markets, and the application of this class of tools in the private sector and at the IMF. It discusses some of the lessons that can be learned from these models, with a focus on a policy environment.
Women in Technology in the U.S.

In the United States, the National Science Foundation collects data on the participation of women and racial/ethnic minorities in science and engineering education and employment under a mandate of a law passed by Congress called the Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities Act. Women and blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians are considered to be underrepresented in science and engineering because of their smaller percentages of degree recipients and employed scientists and engineers relative to their percentages in the U.S. population.
Biological Studies of Antimelanoma Monoclonal Antibodies

The notion that tumors may bear antigens that do not exist on other cells of the host organism was originally inferred from the remissions that are occasionally seen in cancer and that were thought to occur because of an immune response to the tumor. The lymphocytic infiltration of the tumor bed in tumors such as melanoma also supports this hypothesis. All ideas on the diagnosis and immunotherapy of cancer are based on the assumption that such antigens exist. However, despite a great deal of work, experimental evidence for the existence of such tumor-specific or tumor-associated antigens remains scanty. Nevertheless, the necessary fundamental molecular basis that must underlie the expression of such antigens can be defined, and a rational approach to their study can be undertaken.
The Use and Misuse of Scientific Relaxation in Speech Pathology

It has been seventy-eight years since Edmund Jacobson wrote his dissertation on Inhibition, nearly sixty years since he wrote his landmark text Progressive Relaxation and about fifty-five years since he published You Must Relax, a text for lay persons. Subsequently, many authors have modified, distorted, misinterpreted or basically changed his program. Changes by others in print have caused fourth and fifth order permutations of the Jacobson program to the point that well-meaning people attribute all types of relaxation schemes to Jacobson. Many of these schemes have scant resemblance to his original work.
Novel immunolocalization of alpha-synuclein in human muscle of inclusion-body myositis, regenerating and necrotic muscle fibers, and at neuromuscular junctions

Alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) is an important component of neuronal and glial inclusions in brains of patients with several neurodegenerative disorders. Sporadic inclusion-body myositis (s-IBM) is the most common progressive muscle disease of older patients. Its muscle phenotype shows several similarities with Alzheimer disease brain. A distinct feature of s-IBM pathology is specific vacuolar degeneration of muscle fibers characterized by intracellular amyloid inclusions formed by both amyloid-beta (Abeta) and paired-helical filaments composed of phosphorylated tau. We immunostained alpha-syn in muscle biopsies of s-IBM, disease-control, and normal patients. Approximately 60% of Abeta-positive vacuolated muscle fibers (VMF) contained well-defined inclusions immunoreactive with antibodies against alpha-syn. In those fibers. alpha-syn co-localized with Abeta, both by light microscopy, and ultrastructurally. Paired-helical filaments did not contain alpha-syn immunoreactivity. In all muscle biopsies, alpha-syn was strongly immunoreactive at the postsynaptic region of the neuromuscular junctions. alpha-syn immunoreactivity also occurred diffusely in regenerating and necrotic muscle fibers. In cultured human muscle fibers, alpha-syn and its mRNA were expressed by immunocytochemistry, immunoblots, and Northern blots. Our study provides the first demonstration that alpha-syn participates in normal and pathologic processes of human muscle. Therefore. its function is not exclusive to the brain and neurodegenerative diseases.
More effective systemic therapies are needed for chondrosarcoma: A National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) analysis.

e23508Background: Chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of bones. Reports of its outcomes and prognostic factors are scarce. Methods: The NCDB was queried for patients diagnosed 2004-2013 with c...
Diagnosis and Support

Diagnosis and forms of support are covered in this chapter, and a team approach for diagnosis and support is highlighted. Some diagnostic instruments are discussed, and relevant research on eye tracking and its diagnostic potential is covered. Eye tracking technology can be useful for studying the visual behavior of infants, toddlers, and adults; it is noninvasive, accurate, and easy to use. Eye tracking technology can pinpoint social visual attention, difficulty with joint attention, fixation on regions of the face and eyes, and difficulty monitoring a scene during dyadic cues. This chapter also covers forms of support for families with children on the autism spectrum: the extended family, school professionals, the medical establishment, mentor parents, and federal and state funded programs for Medicaid.
Multiple Myeloma in an Agricultural Worker Exposed to Pesticides.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplastic disorder characterized by the monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. It is estimated to account for only 1% of neoplastic diseases, and there is still a great deal of uncertainty about its precise etiology. Common risk factors with a proven association with MM include ionizing radiation exposure, age greater than 65, male gender, and the presence of monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS).More recently, research has shown that occupational exposures to pesticides also have a significant association with the development of MM. We present the case of an adult male who presented with rib pain, back pain, fevers, and progressive shortness of breath and was ultimately found to have multiple myeloma thought to be associated with occupational exposure to the pesticide captan.
Evaluating Outcomes Following Open Fractures of the Distal Radius

Purpose A paucity of evidence exists regarding the optimal treatment of open fractures of the distal radius. The purpose of this study was to compare short-term complication rates between various treatment options following open fractures of the distal radius. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all open fractures of the distal radius at a single level 1 trauma center over a 10-year period. The primary outcome measure was the number of minor and major complications. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients across treatment and outcome groups were compared and models were used to describe the relationships between outcome and treatment. Results Ninety patients met the inclusion criteria for evaluation. An even distribution between high-energy (n = 45) and low-energy (n = 45) injuries was seen with 61 fractures Gustilo I (67%), 19 Gustilo II (22%), and 10 Gustilo III (11%). The majority of fractures were intra-articular (n = 48 AO type C vs n = 42 AO type A/B). Fractures were treated with immediate open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) in 67 cases (74%), external fixation in 12 (13%), initial external fixation followed by ORIF at a later time in 8 (9%), or closed reduction and percutaneous pinning in 3 (4%). We observed 33 complications (37%) of which 24 were major and 9 minor. Mechanism of injury and type of treatment were the only variables shown to correlate with an increased rate of complications. Conclusions We conclude that open fractures of the distal radius treated by immediate ORIF at the time of index debridement can result in satisfactory outcomes compared with other forms of treatment. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
The Baltimore Criteria for an Ethical Approach to Penile Transplantation: A Clinical Guideline.

Significant advances and increasing acceptance of vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) have contributed to emerging success of penile transplantation. The aims of penile transplantation are fourfold: adequate urinary function, enabling natural erections, restoration of erogenous sensation and appearance of external male genitalia. Successful penile transplantation also requires limiting risks and managing complications of lifelong immunosuppression. Given the limited experience with this procedure, potential recipients must understand that penile transplantation is not currently standard of care and long-term functional outcomes are unknown. Moreover, these transplants are associated with complex ethical issues. Nevertheless, as the efficacy and safety of penile transplantation are being evaluated, clear indications for transplant are needed. Although preliminary recommendations have been proposed, a more comprehensive framework is needed. We performed a literature review for English language publications related to penile transplantation and ethics. Based on the results of the search, a review of prior recommendations, and our experience performing the first whole male genital allotransplantation including penis, scrotum and abdominal wall; screening and identifying potential donors and recipients for the procedure; and addressing the associated ethical issues, we propose guidelines for responsible penile transplantation: The Baltimore Criteria for an Ethical Approach to Penile Transplantation.
MULTIFRACTAL PROPERTIES OF POWER-LAW TIME SEQUENCES: APPLICATION TO RICE PILES

We study the properties of time sequences extracted from a self-organized critical system, within the framework of the mathematical multifractal analysis. To this end, we propose a fixed-mass algorithm, well suited to deal with highly inhomogeneous one-dimensional multifractal measures. We find that the fixed-mass ~dual! spectrum of generalized dimensions depends on both the system size L and the length N of the sequence considered, being stable, however, when these two parameters are kept fixed. A finite-size scaling relation is proposed, allowing us to define a renormalized spectrum, independent of size effects. We interpret our results as evidence of extremely long-range correlations induced in the sequence by the criticality of the system.
Betaine and choline status modify the effects of folic acid and creatine supplementation on arsenic methylation in a randomized controlled trial of Bangladeshi adults

Methylation of ingested inorganic arsenic (InAs) to monomethyl- (MMAs) and dimethyl-arsenical species (DMAs) facilitates urinary arsenic elimination. Folate and creatine supplementation influenced arsenic methylation in a randomized controlled trial. Here, we examine if baseline status of one-carbon metabolism nutrients (folate, choline, betaine, and vitamin B12) modified the effects of FA and creatine supplementation on changes in homocysteine, guanidinoacetate (GAA), total blood arsenic, and urinary arsenic metabolite proportions and indices. Study participants (N = 622) received 400 or 800 μg FA, 3 g creatine, 400 μg FA + 3 g creatine, or placebo daily for 12 weeks. Relative to placebo, FA supplementation was associated with greater mean increases in %DMAs among participants with betaine concentrations below the median than those with levels above the median (FDR < 0.05). 400 μg FA/day was associated with a greater decrease in homocysteine among participants with plasma folate concentrations below, compared with those above, the median (FDR < 0.03). Creatine treatment was associated with a significant decrease in %MMAs among participants with choline concentrations below the median (P = 0.04), but not among participants above the median (P = 0.94); this effect did not significantly differ between strata (P = 0.10). Effects of FA and creatine supplementation on arsenic methylation capacity were greater among individuals with low betaine and choline status, respectively. The efficacy of FA and creatine interventions to facilitate arsenic methylation may be modified by choline and betaine nutritional status. Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: NCT01050556, U.S. National Library of Medicine, https://clinicaltrials.gov ; registered January 15, 2010.
Unpacking Social Avoidance and Substance Use in Social Anxiety: Does Extraversion Explain Behavior Variability?

Social anxiety is characterized by heightened fear and anxiety associated with social situations, resulting in the use of avoidance behaviors. Contemporary models suggest that some individuals with social anxiety may choose to completely avoid social situations, while others may seek social connections and interactions and utilize avoidance behaviors such as substance use as a means of distress tolerance, while engaging in these situations. Our aim is to test a theoretical model whereby extraversion could help to explain the heterogenous nature of social anxiety in relation to these behaviors. Lower levels of extraversion have been commonly associated with withdrawal behaviors and higher levels of extraversion have been associated with behaviors commonly enacted in social situations. Understanding factors which predict the use of one behavior over another is imperative to the conceptualization and successful treatment of patients with social anxiety. A sample of 195 college students completed self-report measures and a 10-day experience sampling diary with five diary signals each day. Participants were asked to rate their current negative emotions and behaviors during each diary signal. Using a multilevel modeling approach, we tested the association between social anxiety symptoms and negative affect predicting engagement in substance use or social avoidance and tested whether extraversion moderated this association. Negative affect was included as a covariate given the established associations between elevations in negative affect predicting both behaviors. Results indicated that higher levels of social anxiety symptoms and negative affectivity increased the probability of social avoidance and substance use, and extraversion was a significant predictor for only substance use. Moderation analysis indicated that extraversion moderated the relationship between social anxiety and substance use, suggesting a stronger positive relationship between substance use and social anxiety for individuals higher in extraversion. However, extraversion was not a significant moderator between social anxiety and social avoidance. Overall, the findings suggest that extraversion could be a key factor predicting the use of substances amongst individuals with social anxiety and may need further consideration in treatment.
On Conditional Cryptocurrency With Privacy

In this paper, we present the design and imple-mentation of a conditional cryptocurrency system with privacy protection. Unlike the existing approaches that often depend on smart contracts where cryptocurrencies are first locked in a vault, and then released according to event triggers, the conditional cryptocurrency system encodes event outcome as part of a cryptocurrency note in a UTXO based system. Without relying on any triggering mechanism, the proposed system separates event processing from conditional coin transaction processing where conditional cryptocurrency notes can be transferred freely in an asynchronous manner, only with their asset values conditional to the linked event outcomes. The main advantage of such design is that it enables free trade of conditional assets and prevents assets from being locked. In this work, we demonstrate a method of confidential conditional coin by extending the Zerocoin data model and protocol. The system is implemented and evaluated using xJsnark.
Convergence Insufficiency Neuro-Mechanism Adult Population Study: Phoria Adaptation Results.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare changes in phoria adaptation between young adult binocularly normal controls (BNCs) and participants with symptomatic convergence insufficiency (CI), who were randomized to either office-based vergence accommodative therapy (OBVAT) or office-based placebo therapy (OBPT). Methods In the double-masked randomized clinical trial, 50 BNC and 50 CI participants were randomized to the following therapeutic interventions: OBVAT or OBPT with home reinforcement for 12 one-hour office sessions. A 6∆ base-out and 6∆ base-in phoria adaptation experiment at near (40 cm) was conducted using the flashed Maddox rod technique at baseline and at outcome. Measurements included the rate and the magnitude of phoria adaptation. Results At baseline, BNC and CI participants had significantly different rates and magnitudes of base-in and base-out phoria adaptation (P < 0.001). When comparing the outcome to baseline measurements, significant main effect differences in longitudinal measurements were observed for the magnitude and the rate of phoria adaptation for both base-out and base-in experiments (P < 0.05). For the magnitude and rate of phoria adaptation, post hoc analyses using paired t-tests revealed that the CI group administered the OBVAT intervention exhibited a significant increase in the magnitude and rate of phoria adaptation compared to baseline for both base-in and base-out phoria adaptation (P < 0.01) but not for those administered OBPT. Conclusions Phoria adaptation is significantly different at baseline between those with normal binocular vision and symptomatic CI participants. OBVAT significantly improves the rate and magnitude of both base-out and base-in phoria adaptation at near compared to OBPT. Results have clinical implications for new therapeutic interventions.
Melodies of the Mind: Connections between psychoanalysis and music

Acknowledgments. Foreword. Preface. Part I: The Aural Road. Preamble. Part II: Moods and Melodies. Case-ette 1: Ambiguity - The Tritone in "Gee, Officer Krupke" (West Side Story). Case-ette 2: Self-Esteem - Peter and the Wolf. Case-ette 3: Separation, Loss, Grief, and Growth - Mozart in 1778, Piano Sonata in A Minor, K. 310. Case-ette 4: Jealousy and Murder in Verdi's Otello. Case-ette 5: Shame and Rage - The Breakdown of Lucia in Lucia di Lammermoor. Case-ette 6: Multiple (Dys)Function - Polyphony in "The Tonight Ensemble" (West Side Story). Part III: The Aural/Oral Road Less Traveled - Beyond the Concert Hall and Consulting Room. Part IV: References.
The Making of English National Identity: The English nation: parent of nationalism?

The birth of the English nation was not the birth of a nation; it was the birth of the nations, the birth of nationalism. England is where the process originated. Liah Greenfeld (1992: 23) fluellen Captain MacMorris, I think, look you, under your correction, there is not many of your nation – macmorris Of my nation? What ish my nation? Ish a villain and abastard and a knave and a rascal? What ish my nation? Shakespeare, Henry V , Act 3 Scene 3 But here I am in Kent and Christendom. Thomas Wyatt (1503–42) (in Hammond 1996: 25) A sixteenth-century nationalism? The rise of a school of British historians – James Campbell, Susan Reynolds, Patrick Wormald, John Gillingham, Rees Davies and others – proclaiming the existence of medieval English nationalism has been a lively feature of the contemporary scholarly scene. If their arguments do not convince – for reasons advanced in the preceding chapters – this is not to say that the challenge has not been stimulating. It has forced us to reconsider the meaning of nationalism. It has put in front of us a case that, were it to turn out as they present it, would be a remarkable example of precocity – yet another instance of that English tendency to go it alone. They raise again, that is, the whole question of ‘nations before nationalism’; were their strong expressions of national feeling and a real sense of nationhood before the coming of the ideology of nationalism in the nineteenth century?
Oral Feeding with Ethinyl Estradiol Suppresses and Treats Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in SJL Mice and Inhibits the Recruitment of Inflammatory Cells into the Central Nervous System

There is much interest in the possible ameliorating effects of estrogen on various autoimmune diseases. We previously established the protective effects of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In the current study we investigated the effectiveness of oral treatment with ethinyl estradiol (EE) on EAE and the mechanisms involved. Ethinyl estradiol is a semisynthetic estrogen compound found in birth control pills, and its chemical structure allows this compound to retain activity when given orally. We found that oral EE, like E2, drastically suppressed EAE induced by proteolipid protein 139-151 peptide when given at initiation of EAE. However, unlike E2, EE reduced clinical severity when given after the onset of clinical signs. Treatment with EE significantly decreased the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-6) by activated T cells as well as the expression of a key matrix metalloproteinase, disease-mediating chemokines/receptors, and IgG2a levels, but increased the expression of TGF-beta 3 in the CNS. The absence of infiltrating lymphocytes together with the suppression of cytokines, matrix metalloproteinase, and chemokines/receptors suggests that EE, like E2, protects mice from EAE by inhibiting the recruitment of T cells and macrophages into the CNS. These results suggest that oral ethinyl estradiol might be a successful candidate as therapy for multiple sclerosis.
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty versus hemiarthroplasty for treatment of proximal humerus fractures.

Background Whereas most proximal humerus fractures are treated nonoperatively, complex 3- and 4-part fractures may require shoulder arthroplasty. Hemi-shoulder arthroplasty (HSA) has been the standard treatment, but recently there has been discussion and utilization of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) as a viable treatment option. This study evaluated the national utilization of RTSA and HSA for proximal humerus fractures and compared patient and hospital characteristics associated with each procedure. Methods This study used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database for 2011, which allows national estimates of inpatient hospital discharges. Patients were selected by diagnosis and procedure codes to identify those who underwent RTSA or HSA for treatment of proximal humerus fractures. Patient and hospital characteristics associated with each procedure as well as in-hospital complication rates were identified. Results An estimated 7714 patients with proximal humerus fractures were selected, 27.4% of whom were treated with RTSA. Except for increased age, patient characteristics were similar between groups, as were complication rates. RTSA was more likely to be performed over HSA in small, rural, nonteaching hospitals and also in those that had already adopted and performed a high volume of RTSA procedures for other diagnoses. Conclusions Although HSA remains the most common arthroplasty choice for proximal humerus fractures, RTSA is becoming widely used. Patient characteristics and complications were similar between the 2 procedures, and as clinical evidence appears to show improved outcomes with RTSA, it is likely that acceptance of RTSA will continue to grow.
Search for direct γ-transitions in 12C+12 C

Preliminary results of an experiment to detect y-transitions between structures known in the 12C+12 C system at 25.8 MeV and 19.3 MeV (c.m.) are reported. The extracted upper limit for these transitions is evidence against fully collective γ-decay between intermediate width resonances at these energies, but is inconclusive with respect to differentiating gross structure resonances from non-resonant processes.
Tyrosine phosphorylation enhances RAD52-mediated annealing by modulating its DNA binding.

RAD52 protein has an important role in homology-directed DNA repair by mediating RAD51 nucleoprotein filament formation on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) protected by replication protein-A (RPA) and annealing of RPA-coated ssDNA. In human, cellular response to DNA damage includes phosphorylation of RAD52 by c-ABL kinase at tyrosine 104. To address how this phosphorylation modulates RAD52 function, we used an amber suppressor technology to substitute tyrosine 104 with chemically stable phosphotyrosine analogue (p-Carboxymethyl-L-phenylalanine, pCMF). The RAD52Y104pCMF retained ssDNA-binding activity characteristic of unmodified RAD52 but showed lower affinity for double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) binding. Single-molecule analyses revealed that RAD52Y104pCMF specifically targets and wraps ssDNA. While RAD52Y104pCMF is confined to ssDNA region, unmodified RAD52 readily diffuses into dsDNA region. The Y104pCMF substitution also increased the ssDNA annealing rate and allowed overcoming the inhibitory effect of dsDNA. We propose that phosphorylation at Y104 enhances ssDNA annealing activity of RAD52 by attenuating dsDNA binding. Implications of phosphorylation-mediated activation of RAD52 annealing activity are discussed.
An interdisciplinary approach to computer graphics

In this paper we describe a computer graphics course that teaches students fundamental principles of computer science as well as how to use the computer as an artistic medium. The goal of the course is to have students from two very different disciplines work together, pooling their individual talents to create computer-generated works of art. Such a course can also help to bridge the divide that often exists between the sciences and the humanities.
Pain Generators in Spondylolisthesis

Spine care providers often treat patients with spondylolisthesis, which is slippage of a vertebra. There are different types of spondylolisthesis. Patients can have pain arising from multiple different pain generators associated with the different types of spondylolisthesis. In this chapter, we review the pathophysiology that leads to pain in patients with spondylolisthesis. We first review the pain generators that are common to all patients with spinal pathology. In the second part of the chapter, we review the pain generators that are unique to each type of spondylolisthesis. After reading this chapter, the reader should gain a better understanding of the pain generators in patients with spondylolisthesis. A better appreciation for the different pain generators will allow for more effective operative and nonoperative treatment.
Yezhov: The Rise of Stalin's “Iron Fist”– By J. Arch Getty and Oleg V. Naumov

Nikolai Yezhov [1895–1940] was head of the Soviet secret police (NKVD) from 1936–1938. He presided over the Great Terror of 1937–1938, during which more than 1.5 million people were arrested and 70...
Cigarette Smoking Reprograms Apical Junctional Complex Molecular Architecture in the Human Airway Epithelium In Vivo

The apical junctional complex (AJC), composed of tight and adherens junctions, maintains epithelial barrier function. Since cigarette smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the major smoking-induced disease, are associated with increased lung epithelial permeability, we hypothesized that smoking alters the transcriptional program regulating airway epithelial AJC integrity. Transcriptome analysis revealed global down-regulation of physiological AJC gene expression in the airway epithelium of healthy smokers (n = 59) compared to nonsmokers (n = 53) in association with changes in canonical epithelial differentiation pathways such as PTEN signaling accompanied by induction of cancer-related AJC components. The overall expression of AJC-related genes was further decreased in COPD smokers (n = 23). Exposure of airway epithelial cells to cigarette smoke extract in vitro resulted in down-regulation of several AJC genes paralleled by decreased transepithelial resistance. Thus, cigarette smoking induces transcriptional reprogramming of airway epithelial AJC architecture from its physiological pattern necessary for barrier function toward a disease-associated molecular phenotype.
Interrelationship between queueing models with balking and reneging and machine repair problem with warm spares

Abstract In this paper, the interrelationship between a queueing system with finite capacity, balking and reneging and a machine repair problem with warm spares are formalized. It is shown that the recently reported relationship between an Erlang loss system and a finite source queuing system is a trivial consequence of the more general results presented here. Relationships between arrival point probabilities and measures of performance for such related queueing systems are also derived.
Developmental evolution of the insect retina: insights from standardized numbering of homologous photoreceptors.

The canonical number of eight photoreceptors and their arrangement in the ommatidia of insect compound eyes is very conserved. However significant variations exist in selective groups, such as the Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera, which independently evolved additional photoreceptors. For this and historical reasons, heterogeneous labeling conventions have been in use for photoreceptor subtypes, despite developmentally and structurally well-defined homologies. Extending earlier efforts, we introduce a universal photoreceptor subtype classification key that relates to the Drosophila numbering system. Its application is demonstrated in major insect orders, with detailed information on the relationship to previous conventions. We then discuss new insights that result from the improved understanding of photoreceptor subtype homologies. This includes evidence of functionally imposed ground rules of differential opsin expression, the underappreciated role of R8 as ancestral color receptor, the causes and consequences of parallel R7 photoreceptor addition in Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera, and the ancestral subfunctionalization of outer photoreceptors cells, which may be only developmentally recapitulated in Drosophila. We conclude with pointing out the need for opsin expression data from a wider range of insect orders. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 316:484–499, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A conservative variational method for multicomponent concentration time dependent diffusion

Abstract The multicomponent multiregion time dependent concentration diffusion-decay equation with sources is solved using a variational technique. A Lagrangian constraint is appended to the variational functional to ensure a physically correct solution to the balance equations. Spatial dependence of the diffusional coefficients is allowed between nodal values. Solutions have continuity of concentration and mass flux at material interfaces. The resultant time dependent nodal equations are solved by an exponential matrix method. Comparison with simple analytic solutions indicates that accurate physical results are obtained for few nodal values per material and that convergence is of order O(h 6 ). With minor modification the methodology is applicable to multigroup time dependent neutron diffusion, and two solutions are compared.
Perfusion analysis of periportal and centrilobular metabolism of paraoxon in the rat liver

Abstract Paraoxon infused into the rat liver during perfusion in situ with Waymouth's medium underwent chromatographic translobular migration with an apparent hepatic transit time of 3 min. Intralobular heterogeneity of paraoxon metabolism was examined by analyzing metabolites produced under conditions minimizing the chromatographic translobular migration of paraoxon. Periportal and centrilobular activities were estimated following forward and retrograde infusion of paraoxon, respectively. Centrilobular hepatocytes exhibited nearly twice the metabolic rate of the periportal cells. Pretreatment of the rat with DDE resulted in about a threefold increase in the ratio of oxidative deethylation to hydrolytic dearylation in the centrilobular region. The differentials observed by these analyses were less pronounced than expected from enzyme analyses in vitro , possibly reflecting secondary metabolism or intracellular heterogeneity of metabolic activities.
Opportunities for Correlation in Foreign Language Study

I never taught play-writing or metal work but I have raised my temperature and strained my wits in the teaching of both English literature and English composition, with brief excursions into history and even logic. What I am surest of is, that what I tried to teach was never so important as how I taught it. I can conceive of no subject of instruction so important that a pupil cannot get along without it, except reading, writing, and arithmetic, unless it be ethics and religion, which few teach nowadays. Of course, the race has to have the sciences if it is to keep up its standard of living, architects must have calculus and classicists, Latin, but I am writing of the individual. What he needs is not necessarily Greek or physics or geography, but an education.
COTS displays applied to cockpit avionics applications

Avionics displays, particularly for cockpit applications are associated with high performance and high cost solutions. COTS displays have well acknowledged limitations but provide a potential high value for money solution if this performance can be stretched to a level compatible with "fit for use". This paper will describe the initial design tradeoffs and decisions that formed the basis for development of a low-cost cockpit display for a military helicopter.
Jesus, the Syrophoenician Woman, and Other First Century Bodies

Social identity is embodied identity. Therefore, in order to come to terms with cultural complexity, we must come to terms with the implications of embodiment. Attention to corporal performance of social identity is critical to the project of intersectional theory. In any given encounter, an individual is unlikely to keep intersecting facets of her identity "in mind," but without conscious analysis she will perform her complex identity "in body." The body is where cultural complexity takes place. I focus on the dynamics of cultural complexity in the exchanges of Jesus of Nazareth with those he encountered; or, more humbly, in representations of those dynamics—representations which are already informed by the culturally complex worlds of their creators. As a case study, I focus on the story of the Syrophoenician woman from the Gospel of Mark. I argue that explicit attention to the embodiment of cultural complexity helps us better appreciate what is at stake in Mark's representation of Jesus' exchange with his stubborn interlocutor.
On the occasion of the Charles Greeley Abbot Award by the American Solar Energy Society (August 21, 1991)

In 1991 the Charles Greely Abbot Award of the American Solar Energy Society was awarded to Dr. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, in recognition of his well-known work on the internal operation and life cycle of stars such as the sun, and for his development of the new radiation heat transfer and fluid flow analysis techniques he had found to be necessary to do this work. His acceptance address is presented here, which explains the relationship between Abbot's work on the solar constant and Dr. Chandrasekhar's research.