cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distribution, habitat use, and growth of age-0 Colorado squawfish in the Green river basin, Colorado and Utah

Abstract Age-0 Colorado squawfish Ptychocheilus lucius (N= 11,379) were captured as larvae and postlarvae in drift nets and seines in the Green and Yampa rivers from 1979 to 1988. Larvae were captured in drift nets (N= 601) for 2–6 weeks in June and July. Small postlarvae (N = 3,079) were captured by seining shoreline habitats in July and August. In September and October, postlarvae were most abundant (N = 6,459) in low-gradient reaches of the Green River. Catch data indicated that the postlarvae moved from the Yampa and Green river spawning areas and were concentrated about 150 km downstream by autumn of each year. Spring sampling indicated that young fish (N = 1,240) overwintered in areas occupied the previous autumn. Postlarvae captured in the Green River (N = 5,043) most frequently occupied shoreline embayments (backwaters) that were relatively warm (mean, 17.0°C), deep (mean, 38 cm), large (mean, 826 m2), and turbid. Abundance and size of young Colorado squawfish in the Green River were inversely cor...
Purification and characterization of a glucokinase from young tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill.) fruit

In order to clearly establish the properties of the enzymes responsible for hexose phosphorylation we have undertaken the separation and characterization of these enzymes present in tomato fruit (Martinez-Barajas and Randall 1996). This report describes the partial purification and characterization of glucokinase (EC. 2.7.1.1) from young green tomato fruit. The procedure yielded a 360-fold enrichment of glucokinase. Tomato fruit glucokinase is a monomer with a molecular mass of 53 kDa. Glucokinase activity was optimal between pH 7.5 and 8.5, preferred ATP as the phosphate donor (K m = 0.223 mM) and exhibited low activity with GTP or UTP. The tomato fruit glucokinase showed highest affinity for glucose (K m = 65 μM). Activity observed with glucose was 4-fold greater than with mannose and 50-fold greater than with fructose. The tomato fruit glucokinase was sensitive to product inhibition by ADP (K i = 36 μM). Little inhibition was observed with glucose 6-phosphate (up to 15 mM) at pH 8.0; however, at pH 7.0 glucokinase activity was inhibited 30–50% by physiological concentrations of glucose 6-phosphate.
Parasympathetic Innervation of the Rat Cornea

The mammalian cornea receives a dense sensory innervation and a modest sympathetic innervation. The purpose of the current study was to determine if the rat cornea is also innervated by parasympathetic nerves. In the first set of experiments, unilateral combined sympathetic and sensory ocular denervations were performed in adult rats by surgical removal of the superior cervical ganglion and intracranial transection of the trigeminal ophthalmomaxillary nerve. Completeness of the denervation procedure was verified postmortem by a variety of macroscopic and immunohistochemical methods. Five to twelve days later, the corneas were serially sectioned tangential to the ocular surface and processed immunohistochemically with antibodies against the pan-neuronal markers, protein gene product 9.5 (PGP-9.5) and peripherin. In every animal a small, but constant, population of corneal and limbal immunoreactive fibers were unaffected by the surgical denervations and were concluded to derive from parasympathetic ganglia. In the second set of experiments, the origins of the rat corneal innervation were determined by applying the neuroanatomical tracer, wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) to the central cornea. Two to four days later, the trigeminal, superior cervical, ciliary, accessory ciliary and pterygopalatine ganglia were sectioned and analysed for the presence of HRP-labeled neurons. Examination of the corneal application site and associated ocular tissues revealed no evidence of tracer spread into neighbouring structures. Small numbers (0-6 per animal) of HRP-labeled neurons were observed in the ipsilateral ciliary and accessory ciliary ganglia of most animals. The results of these carefully controlled studies provide strong anatomical evidence of a modest parasympathetic innervation of the rat cornea.
More Insights into Structural Plasticity of Actin Binding Proteins

Abstract In this issue of Structure , polymorphism of an actin binding protein is revealed in the structure of the fimbrin core (Klein et al., 2004), consistent with previous observations suggesting that proteins built from calponin-homology domains have an ability to bind to F-actin in multiple modes.
Feasibility analysis of inter-laminar toughening for improving delamination resistance

Abstract This letter discusses the effect of bonding energy on the delamination resistance of laminate composites using a ductile interleaf. The mechanism and methods for interleaf toughening are reviewed and the improvement in delamination resistance discussed. The bonding energy between the ductile interleaf polymer and the fibers as well as between the ductile interleaf polymer and the brittle matrix polymer is shown to be a limiting factor in the interleaf toughening of epoxy based laminates. A dual bonding approach, that is, melt bonding and diffusion bonding, is evaluated as a means to increase the bonding energy between the interleaf and laminate components.
Energetics examination of winter blocking simulations in the Northern Hemisphere

Four numerical simulations of the global atmosphere for January 1979 are analyzed to study the formation of blocking in terms of Northern Hemisphere energetics. The Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres (GLA) 4 x 5 deg latitude-longitude grid general circulation model (GCM) and 2 x 2.5 deg grid GCM are employed with the GLA and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory initial datasets. Among four simulations, the simulations by the high resolution GCM produce realistically strong blockings with compatible spectral energetics as in the observed blockings episodes. The latitude-height cross sections of the energy variables of wavenumber 1 is presented to describe the dipole structure of blockings. Blocking development is also examined in time series of barotropic and baroclinic components of energy and associated conversions.
Whose Values Anyway

Anne Colby, Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, examines the competing values that influence today’s American higher education.
Domain Swapping between Enterococcus faecalis FabN and FabZ Proteins Localizes the Structural Determinants for Isomerase Activity

Anaerobic unsaturated fatty acid synthesis in bacteria occurs through the introduction of a double bond into the growing acyl chain. In the Escherichia coli model system, FabA catalyzes both the dehydration of β-hydroxydecanoyl-ACP and the isomerization of trans-2-decenoyl-ACP to cis-3-decenoyl-ACP as the essential step. A second dehydratase, FabZ, functions in acyl chain elongation but cannot carry out the isomerization reaction. Enterococcus faecalis has two highly related FabZ homologs. One of these, termed EfFabN, carries out the isomerization reaction in vivo, whereas the other, EfFabZ, does not (Wang, H., and Cronan, J. E. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 34489–34495). We carried out a series of domain swapping and mutagenesis experiments coupled with in vitro biochemical analyses to define the structural feature(s) that specify the catalytic properties of these two enzymes. Substitution of the β3 and β4 strands of EfFabZ with the corresponding strands from EfFabN was necessary and sufficient to convert EfFabZ into an isomerase. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the isomerase potential of β-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratases is determined by the properties of the β-sheets that dictate the orientation of the central α-helix and thus the shape of the substrate binding tunnel rather than the catalytic machinery at the active site.
Correlation of micro-and macroscopic structures of wind waves

Simultaneous measurements were conducted in a wind-wave tank of the ripple slopes with an optical instrument and of the carrier-wave profiles with a wave-height gage. The experiments were conducted with steady winds of various velocities blowing over pre-existing regular surface waves. The data were analyzed to determine the slope distributions of ripples located on various portions of the carrier-wave profile. In the surface-tension governing regime of wind-wave interaction, the leeward face of the long wave was found to be much rougher than the windward face. The parasitic capillaries were concentrated on the upper half of the leeward face at a lower wind velocity, and moved downward at higher wind velocities. In the gravity governing regime, the difference in roughness between the leeward and the windward faces became smaller. However, the roughnesses on the leeward face were concentrated on the lower half of the wave profile.
Characterization of transverse channel concentration profiles obtainable with a class of microfluidic networks

We analyze mathematically a previously reported class of passive microfluidic mixing networks. The networks produce nonhomogeneous concentrations in the output channel, resulting in diverse concentration profiles. We formally prove that all profiles obtainable with this class of networks can be described as polynomials of degree no higher than the number of input channels less one. We derive explicit formulas for the calculation of resultant output concentration profiles and conversely for the calculation of input concentrations needed to obtain set output profiles.
Long-Term Safety and Tolerability of Open-Label Olanzapine Long-Acting Injection in the Treatment of Schizophrenia: 190-Week Interim Results

The primary objective of this ongoing study is to examine the long-term safety and tolerability of olanzapine long-acting injection (LAI). Current results are from a 190-week interim analysis. Patients were 18–75 years of age with schizophrenia (N = 909) or schizoaffective disorder (N = 22) previously enrolled in 1 of 3 randomized clinical trials of olanzapine LAI. In this open-label extension study, all patients received flexibly-dosed olanzapine LAI every 2–4 weeks. At time of analysis, rate of study discontinuation was 46.3%. The 18-month discontinuation rate was 34.2%. Adverse events in $5% of patients were increased weight, insomnia, anxiety, somnolence, headache, and nasopharyngitis. There were 26 occurrences of post-injection delirium/sedation syndrome which all fully resolved within 72 hours. Mean weight change was +1.81 kg, with 32.1% of patients experiencing $7% weight gain. Mean Clinical Global Impressions-Severity scores remained stable throughout (2.9 at baseline to 2.8 at endpoint). Pharmacokinetic analyses indicated consistent olanzapine plasma concentrations over time, with no evidence of long-term accumulation. Safety profile was consistent with that of oral olanzapine, with the exception of findings specific to intramuscular injection. During the study period, there were 16 (1.7%) occurrences of treatment-emergent diabetes and 1 occurrence of treatment-emergent diabetic ketoacidosis. Percentages of patients with EPS scale-defined treatment-emergent akathisia, parkinsonism, and dyskinesia were 3.3%, 6.6%, and 3.0%, respectively.
Inhomogeneous and Nonlinear Transverse Tensile Properties and Fiber Alignment of Human Supraspinatus Tendon

Rotator cuff tears may be due in part to the complex loading environment of the supraspinatus tendon (SST). Previous research has reported inhomogeneous uniaxial tensile mechanical properties of human SST [1–2] and location-specific collagen fiber alignment distributions that are qualitatively more disperse than other tendons [3–4]. Our group recently measured fiber alignment under load of samples tested along the tendon long-axis and found that re-alignment occurs in the toe-region and varies by SST location [5]. However, the mechanical properties and effect of fiber alignment under more complex loads remain unknown. Examining the properties of SST when tested transverse to the tendon long-axis will evaluate tissue anisotropy and better elucidate possible mechanisms for tissue inhomogeneity and nonlinearity. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to 1) measure local fiber alignment during transverse tensile loading, 2) measure corresponding mechanical properties, and 3) examine structure-function relationships of SST. We hypothesize that 1) fibers will become less aligned during transverse testing, 2) mechanical properties will be greatest in the anterior and bursal locations, and 3) higher initial alignment will correspond to lower transverse tensile properties.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Comparison of white-footed mice and rice rats as biomonitors of polychlorinated biphenyl and metal contamination

A study was conducted to assess differences in contaminant assimilation among co-occurring white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) and rice rats (Oryzomys palustris) captured at a contaminated site. Rodents were collected from five areas at the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP), a uranium enrichment facility. Relatively few white-footed mice (8.7%) had quantifiable concentrations of PCBs compared to 42% of rice rats (X2=6.49, d.f.=1, P<0.025), and seven of the 11 rice rats (64%) over 50 g body mass had quantifiable concentrations of PCBs in their livers. White-footed mice had higher mean concentrations of barium (P<0.0001), chromium (P=0.0010), copper (P=0.0011), lead (P=0.0335), and aluminum (P=0.0006) than rice rats at all five sampling areas. Species-specific differences in accumulation of PCBs and metals were observed and attributed to differences in habitat use and foraging strategies.
Communication Research, the Rockefeller Foundation, and Mobilization for the War on Words, 1938–1944

L'A. examine le role de la Fondation Rockefeller en ce qui concerne l'etude de la communication de masse et de la propagande entre 1938 et 1944. Il presente les paradigmes elabores pour aborder ce type de phenomene. Il montre comment J. Marshall, le responsable des programmes de recherche en ce domaine, au sein de cette fondation, a permis la mise en place d'une approche coherente sur le plan scientifique et apporte aux hommes politiques et aux gouvernements americains une meilleure comprehension du phenomene nazi
Chemistry and mineralogy of some Plio-Pleistocene tuffs from the Shungura Formation, southwest Ethiopia

Abstract The Shungura Formation of southwestern Ethiopia has yielded many tens of thousands of vertebrate fossils including hominids and microvertebrates, and in addition has also yielded fossil wood, pollen, and invertebrates. Widespread tuffs have made subdivision and detailed mapping of the formation possible, have provided material for potassium-argon dating, and have allowed direct lithostratigraphic correlation with the Koobi Fora Formation in northern Kenya. The basis for correlation between the two formations is the distinctive chemistry of the tuffs, but systematic chemical variation within some tuffs invalidates some statistical correlation techniques. Here chemical analysis of glass separates and minerals from tuffs of the Shungura and Usno Formations are presented which may allow further ties to be established when data become available on other tuffs of the Koobi Fora Formation. The tuffs consist primarily of glass, but also contain phenocrysts of anorthoclase, hedenbergitic pyroxene, sodic amphibole, ilmenite, titanomagnetite, chevkinite, quartz, zircon, and rarely orthopyroxene and plagioclase. The glasses show evidence of alkali loss during hydration, and are not now peralkaline, although it is likely that they were initially. The source volcanoes were most likely situated within the Ethiopian rift valley, or on its margins.
Simple linear regression with multiple level shifts

The authors study the properties of the ordinary least squares trend estimator in a simple linear regression model with multiple known level shift times. The error component in the model is taken to be a general short-memory stationary time series. The authors establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator. They also present a climatological application in which the multiple level shifts are prominent features.
Tricriticality in the orientational phase diagram of stepped Si(113) surfaces.

An x-ray scattering study is presented of the orientational phase diagram of Si surfaces misoriented by up to 6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} from the cubic [113] direction towards [001] and for temperatures between 300 and 1500 K. At the highest temperatures, the surface is uniformly stepped. Below ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{t}}$=1223 K, there is a two phase region in which (113) facets appear in coexistence with the stepped phase. We identify ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{t}}$ as a tricritical point. For temperatures between a triple point at ${\mathit{T}}_{3}$=1134 K and 300 K, coexistence between the (113) facet and the (114) facet is found.
A SERIES IN 1/√Re TO REPRESENT THE STROUHAL–REYNOLDS NUMBER RELATIONSHIP OF THE CYLINDER WAKE

In this Brief Note, we show that shedding frequency data is well collapsed, over a large range of Re from 50 up to at least 140,000, by using a Strouhal number that depends upon an effective wake width, which includes not only the physical body diameter, but also a characteristic width of the separating shear layers. The use of this effective wake width also leads to a new formulation for the relationship between Strouhal number (S) versus Reynolds number (Re) for the cylinder wake, which may be expressed as an expansion in powers of (1/√Re): Equation Truncated two-term or three-term series have much less error-of-fit when compared with the traditional S–Re relationships commonly in use. A good test of any S–Re functional relationship is now made possible by comparison with Henderson's numerical data for two-dimensional laminar shedding, over a much larger range of Re (up to Re=1000) than is possible to obtain experimentally. It seems significant that even a two-term fit, given by S=0·2698 −1·0271/√Re has one order of magnitude less error than the traditional three-term fit. By using such √Re-formulae in both the laminar and 3-D wake turbulent regimes, we may accurately represent S–Re data over a large range of Re, although the validity of these representations at these higher Re needs further support. In summary, this Brief Note not only provides physical support for the use of such S–Re relationships as shown above, but also demonstrates that these formulations fit the data closer than traditional S–Re expressions.
The Calculation of Trigonometric Fourier Coefficients

A method for the numerical evaluation of trigonometric Fourier coefficients is described. This method is suitable for sufficiently smooth functions and is essentially a modification of the standard method based on trapezoidal rule sums using, optionally, the fast Fourier transform.
Sexual Expression in Later Life: A Review and Synthesis

In the past decade, researchers have begun to study the sexual functioning of typical older persons. This review summarizes literature on the sexuality of men and women over age 50 as researched by social and health scientists. Research on the relationship of biological factors (changes accompanying aging), health (physical, mental, and medication use), psychological factors (attitudes, information about sex), relationship factors (status, satisfaction), and sexual functioning (desire, dysfunctions, treatment) to sexual behavior is reviewed. The review suggests that (a) men and women remain sexually active into their 70s and 80s, (b) aging-related physical changes do not necessarily lead to decline in sexual functioning, and (c) good physical and mental health, positive attitudes toward sex in later life, and access to a healthy partner are associated with continued sexual activity. In turn, regular sexual expression is associated with good physical and mental health. Progress in understanding later life sexuality requires development of comprehensive theoretical models, a broad focus on intimacy, attention to measures and samples, and research on couples. Progress in understanding is especially important, given the aging of populations.
n-n Semiconductor heterojunctions

Abstract Junctions between n -type semiconductors of different electron affinity show rectification if the junction is sufficiently abrupt. Such structures are potentially very fast, because only majority-carrier transport is involved. InPGaAs n-n junctions were fabricated with an epitaxial vapor-growth method. Typical V-I characteristics display a forward-voltage drop of 0·3 V at 10 A cm 2 , and a reverse leakage current of 0·5 A cm 2 at −2 V. No storage was observable in switching measurements on these devices. Other observations demonstrate that these junctions are indeed n-n heterojunction rectifiers. Ideal semiconductor-semiconductor contacts are reviewed and the concepts extended to graded contacts. An abruptness requirement for rectification to exist is developed on the basis of this ideal model for the effects of junction grading during fabrication. If D is the diffusion constant of the fastest moving lattice atom at the growth temperature, t the growth time, δ χ the total electron affinity change through the junction, and L D the Debye length on the low-electron affinity side, then for appreciable rectification to exist a condition which must be satisfied is Dt D 2 δ χ 10 kT .
Use of bright light therapy among psychiatrists in massachusetts: an e-mail survey.

Background: Evidence on the use of bright light therapy for conditions beyond seasonal affective disorder continues to accrue; however, data on the prevalent use of bright light therapy in the community or in hospitals remain limited, particularly in the United States. Method: We conducted a 5-minute e-mail survey of practicing psychiatrists in Massachusetts using the membership roster through the Massachusetts Psychiatric Society to evaluate prevalent use of bright light therapy as well as to solicit attitudes toward the treatment. Three e-mails were sent out over a 2-week period, and responses were obtained from March 2–24, 2013. An iPad raffle was used to incentivize survey completion. Results: Of the 1,366 delivered e-mails, 197 responses were obtained. Of respondents, 72% indicated that they used bright light therapy in their practice, and, among these, all but 1 used bright light therapy for seasonal affective disorder. Only 55% of responding psychiatrists who use bright light therapy consider it to treat nonseasonal depression, and 11% of respondents who recommend bright light therapy would consider its use in inpatient settings. Lack of insurance coverage for light-delivery devices was identified as the largest barrier to using bright light therapy, being cited by 55% of respondents. Survey results suggest that limitations in practitioner knowledge of bright light therapy and the absence of bright light therapy in treatment algorithms are the 2 leading modifiable factors to encourage broader implementation. Limitations: The principal limitation of our survey was the low response rate. As such, we consider these data preliminary. Conclusions: Response bias very likely led to an overestimation in prevalent use of bright light therapy; however, this bias notwithstanding, it appears that bright light therapy is used significantly less often for nonseasonal depression than for seasonal affective disorder. Further, its use in inpatient settings is significantly less than in outpatient settings. We expect that efforts to educate practitioners on the use and efficacy of bright light therapy for various psychiatric disorders combined with its inclusion on treatment algorithms may foster greater prevalent use.
Epistasis between beneficial mutations and the phenotype-to-fitness Map for a ssDNA virus.

Epistatic interactions between genes and individual mutations are major determinants of the evolutionary properties of genetic systems and have therefore been well documented, but few quantitative data exist on epistatic interactions between beneficial mutations, presumably because such mutations are so much rarer than deleterious ones. We explored epistasis for beneficial mutations by constructing genotypes with pairs of mutations that had been previously identified as beneficial to the ssDNA bacteriophage ID11 and by measuring the effects of these mutations alone and in combination. We constructed 18 of the 36 possible double mutants for the nine available beneficial mutations. We found that epistatic interactions between beneficial mutations were all antagonistic—the effects of the double mutations were less than the sums of the effects of their component single mutations. We found a number of cases of decompensatory interactions, an extreme form of antagonistic epistasis in which the second mutation is actually deleterious in the presence of the first. In the vast majority of cases, recombination uniting two beneficial mutations into the same genome would not be favored by selection, as the recombinant could not outcompete its constituent single mutations. In an attempt to understand these results, we developed a simple model in which the phenotypic effects of mutations are completely additive and epistatic interactions arise as a result of the form of the phenotype-to-fitness mapping. We found that a model with an intermediate phenotypic optimum and additive phenotypic effects provided a good explanation for our data and the observed patterns of epistatic interactions.
Overestimating Others’ Willingness to Pay

This article documents a widespread bias: a tendency to overestimate how much others will pay for goods. The effect may influence pricing and negotiations, which depend on accurate assessments of others’ valuations. It is also shown to underlie or interact with several widely researched behavioral phenomena, including egocentric empathy gaps, the endowment effect, and the false-consensus effect.
Demonstration of advanced sensors for underwater unexploded ordnance (UXO) detection

The need to detect and localize seabed unexploded ordnance (UXO) at formerly used military test ranges and to discriminate UXO from other natural and man-made objects represents significant technology challenges. The latter discrimination capability, often described as clutter rejection, is very important to minimize unnecessary diver inspections during subsequent operations for UXO removal. Current commercial-off-the-shelf sensors have limited capability to detect UXO and reject clutter. In 2012 advanced sensors developed for mine hunting were fielded for UXO site inspection and shown to demonstrate capability to inspect areas for potential proud and subsurface UXO sized objects. Systems employed include the Office of Naval Research Small Synthetic Aperture MineHunter (SSAM) and the REMUS 600 Buried Mine Identification (BMI) System for shallow water, and the Hydronalix SurfSense Micro Unmanned Surface Vessel (Micro-USV) for the surf zone.
Application of a soil core method to investigate the effect of oxygen concentration on denitrification

Abstract The effect of O 2 concentration on denitrification rate was investigated in sandy loam and clay loam soils. Oxygen at different concentrations and acetylene were recirculated through freshly-collected soil cores. Denitrification rates under anaerobic conditions with argon as the recirculating gas were also determined. The effect of O 2 on denitrification rate among cores could then be normalized by expressing the data as percent of the anaerobic rate. Denitrification rates were less than 2% of the anaerobic rate for O 2 concentrations greater than 3%, but greatly increased at concentrations below 0.5% O 2 . For individual cores the denitrification rate increased 2- and 4-fold as the O 2 content of the recirculating gas was decreased from 20 to 5%. The pattern of denitrification rate versus O 2 concentration was very similar to that generated from the theoretical model of K. A. Smith, which describes the proportional anaerobic volume of soil aggregates as a function of O 2 concentration. A soil gas sampling probe is described which uses porous Gortcx tubing buried in horizontal soil layers. The recirculating gas in the denitrificating assay 4system could then be adjusted to match the soil O 2 content measured at the time of sampling.
A multi-step computation scheme: Decoupling kinetic processes from physical transport in water quality models☆

This paper presents a computation scheme that considers accuracy and efficiency in the numerical treatment of the kinetic processes in water quality models. The proposed scheme involves decoupling of physical transport and kinetic processes in the governing mass-balance equations. The decoupled equations are solved by employing multi-step computation, in which the kinetic processes are applied for the first half time step, followed by the physical transport for a full time step, and the kinetic processes are applied again for the remaining second half time step. The kinetic equations are solved numerically or analytically, which may require prior linearization of the equations. The numerical solution scheme of the kinetic equations alternates between explicit and implicit schemes, and is equivalent to the second-order accurate Crank-Nicolson solution. A hypothetical model, which is simple enough to have an analytical solution, is used to explain the concept, and to demonstrate the accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed scheme. The proposed scheme and three other traditional solution schemes are compared to the analytical solution. The proposed scheme shows better accuracy and computational efficiency compared to other schemes.
Long-term follow-up of unilateral transfemoral amputees from the Vietnam war.

Background Despite their frequency, few reports exist concerning the initial and long-term consequences of battle-incurred unilateral transfemoral amputations.Methods A retrospective cohort design was used to measure the long-term health of transfemoral battle amputees treated at a single hospital d
Scanning cytophotometric analysis of myocardial nucleic acid and chromatin changes in soman toxicated rabbits

Myocardial nucleic acid responses were analysed in New Zealand White rabbits 20 min-1 h and 6-8 h following single subcutaneous injections of soman (20, 30, or 40 micrograms kg-1). Scanning-integrating microdensitometry was used to quantify Azure B-RNA and Feulgen-DNA (F-DNA) levels, and changes in the susceptibility of chromatin to Feulgen acid hydrolysis (F-DNA reactivity) of individual ventricular myocardial cells. With a dosage of 20 micrograms kg-1 soman, no RNA alterations were evidenced at 1 h whereas at 6-8 h myocardial cells exhibited higher RNA levels and an increase in F-DNA reactivity of chromatin. With dosages of 30 and 40 micrograms kg-1 soman there was an augmentation in RNA levels and in the acid hydrolysability of nuclear chromatin at both 20 min-1 h and 6-8 h. It is postulated that the observed cellular transformations represent a compensatory augmentation in myocardial metabolic functioning presumably in response to an increased functional demand on the ventricular myocardium. The absence of cytopathic or cytochemical evidence of impairment in nucleic acid metabolism is inconsistent with the premise that soman exerts direct cytotoxic effects on rabbit myocardium.
A vacuum extraction procedure for N, K, and conductivity evaluation of potted crop media 1

Abstract An extraction procedure for potted crop media is proposed which removes under vacuum a solution from an intact pot. The vacuum extracted solution had nitrate and potassium concentrations and conductivity lower than a solution obtained by saturated paste extract procedure. A high correlation between the conductivity of solution obtained by vacuum and saturated paste extract methods permitted an interpretation of the vacuum extraction results based on ranges suggested for a saturated paste extract.
Assessment of the thermodynamic properties of vanadium silicides utilizing ternary phase equilibria

Abstract The ternary V-Si-O phase equilibria and auxiliary oxide data are used to set relative limits on the free energies of formation of the condensed vanadium suicide phases V 3 Si, V 5 Si 3 , and VSi 2 . The assessed free energies of formation are then used with entropies derived from heat capacity data to calculate a set of enthalpies of formation for these suicide phases which is also consistent with the ternary phase equilibria constraints. The thermodynamic values reported in the literature are compared with the consistent set of values derived in the present study.
Interrater reliability of job performance ratings: Growth to asymptote level with increasing opportunity to observe.

The interrater reliabilities of ratings of 9,975 ratees from 79 organizations were examined as a function of length of exposure to the ratee. It was found that there was a strong, nonlinear relationship between months of exposure and interrater reliability. The correlation between a logarithmic transformation of months of experience and reliability was .73 for one type of ratings and .65 for another type. The relationship was strongest during the first 12 months on the job. Implications for estimating reliabilities in individual and meta-analytic studies and for performance appraisal were presented, and possible explanations of the reliability-variance relationship were advanced
On bounds for solutions to nonlinear wave equations in Hilbert space with applications to nonlinear elastodynamics

For the nonlinear wave equationu tt -Nu +G(t,u, u t ) = ℱ in Hilbert space, with associated homogeneous initial data, we show how ana priori bound of the form ∫ 0 T ∥G(τ,u, uτ)∥2dτ ≤ κ ∫ 0 T ∥ℱ(τ)∥2dτ leads to upper and lower bounds for ∥u∥ in terms of ∥ℱ∥. An application to nonlinear elastodynamics is presented.
AN ATTEMPT TO STANDARDIZE THE RADIODIAGNOSTIC RISK STATEMENT IN AN INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD CONSENT FORM

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The communication of a suitable radiation risk consent form statement to a potential research subject has always been difficult to formulate. Concomitant with this is the equally problematic task of ensuring that subjects understand the true risks of the study. In an effort to document how other Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) express radiation risk associated with participating in a research investigation, a questionnaire was developed and was sent to 23 large medical-research institutions. METHODS Questions pertained to the manner of comparing risk, units for expressing radiation dose, patient population differentiation, and statements for given situations. In addition, each institution was asked to provide examples of radiation-related in-house consent form statements. Thereafter, the examples were forwarded to the responding institutions for grading. RESULTS Fourteen responses were received and summarized. The majority compared the study test to a similar radioactivity study, Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) occupational limits and/or Radioactive Drug Radiation Committee (RDRC) limits. There was an equal distribution of radiation units used; absorbed dose, dose equivalent, and effective dose equivalent. The majority of respondents did not differentiate between normal individuals and patient volunteers. Included in the 14 responses were 46 in-house generated radiation-related consent form statements. The latter were assembled and forwarded to the 14 responding institutions with instructions to "approve" or "disapprove" each. Nine statements obtained an 80% or greater acceptance rating, with three > 90%. The remaining were overwhelmingly rejected as suitable radiation risk statements. CONCLUSIONS Based on the submitted material and statement grading results, recommendations were formulated toward producing a standard format for expressing radiation risk in the consent form. Effective dose equivalent in comparison to annual natural environmental radiation or occupational radiation dose limits were recommended based on these data. While an "optimum" radiation risk consent form statement may not be attainable, these results nevertheless provide recommendations based on a consensus of practitioners in the field.
Color Stability Behavior of Methacrylate-based Resin Composites Polymerized with Light-emitting Diodes and Quartz-Tungsten-Halogen.

Clinical Relevance Ensuring optimal color match of composite restorations to the surrounding tooth structure is critical to any esthetic restorative procedure. A better understanding of the color shifts composites undergo after polymerization and storage can greatly minimize shade mismatch issues.
BEC-BCS crossover with Feshbach resonance for a three-hyperfine-species model

We consider the behavior of an ultracold Fermi gas across a narrow Feshbach resonance, where the occupation of the closed channel may not be negligible. While the corrections to the single-channel formulas associated with the nonzero chemical potential and with particle conservation have been considered in the existing literature, there is a further effect, namely, the ``interchannel Pauli exclusion principle,'' associated with the fact that a single hyperfine species may be common to the two channels. We focus on this effect and show that, as intuitively expected, the resulting corrections are of the order of ${E}_{F}/\ensuremath{\eta}$, where ${E}_{F}$ is the Fermi energy of the gas in the absence of interactions and $\ensuremath{\eta}$ is the Zeeman energy difference between the two channels. We also consider the related corrections to the fermionic excitation spectrum, and briefly discuss the collective modes of the system.
A moving punch on an infinite viscoelastic layer

When a smooth rigid punch of arbitrary shape is pressed onto an elastic body, an area of contact D is formed within which the contact pressure p is non-negative. Outside of the contact area D, p = 0. The problem is to find the contact pressure p and the shape of the contact region D for a given depth of indentation, or a given total force applied to the punch. In general, the governing equation can be reduced to the following integral equation: $$w\left( {{x_1},{x_2}} \right) = \iint\limits_D {\left( {{x_1},{x_2},{\xi _1},{\xi _2}} \right)p\left( {{\xi _1},{\xi _2}} \right)d{\xi _1}d{\xi _2}}$$ (1a) in which K(x 1, x 2, ξ1 ξ1) is known and w is given by $$w\left( {{x_1},{x_2}} \right) = \alpha - f\left( {{x_1},x{}_2} \right)$$ (1b) where a is the depth of indentation and f(x 1, x 2) is the function which describes the shape of the punch. Unless K and f are simple in form, the solutions of eq. [1] for p and D in general require a numerical approximation. Since the physical observation demands that p > 0 inside D and p = 0 outside D, the method of linear programming is probably the most effective one in solving this problem numerically. The purpose of this paper is to show that not only the contact problem of a rigid punch on an elastic body yields eq. [1], many contact problems of a rigid punch on a viscoelastic body and the contact problems of a moving punch on a viscoelastic body also reduce to eq. [1]. It should be noticed that depending on the shape of the punch, D may not be a simply-connected region. It should also be mentioned that for a viscoelastic body, D is in general not a constant but varies with time even in the case of a punch which is held stationary on the surface of a viscoelastic body.
The adsorption of trifluoromethanesulfonate anions at the mercury/electrolyte interface

Abstract Recently, there has been much interest in the use of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid as an electrolyte in advanced fuel cell systems because of the enhanced rate of oxygen reduction in this medium. In order to elucidate this characteristic from a double layter point of view, the present work was undertaken to study the adsorption of trifluoromethanesulfonate ions on mercury electrodes. Differential capacities and potentials of zero charge were measured in constant ionic strength solutions of composition X M CF 3 SO 3 K + (1- X ) M KF at 25°C. Analysis of the results shows that the extent of specific adsorption of CF 3 SO 3 − anions is small, and the anions even desorb from the surface at sufficiently positive electrode charges. The structure of the inner layer is elucidated, and an isotherm for the adsorption of CF 3 SO 3 − based on electrostatic models of the double layer is derived. The results indicate that at the potentials for the electroreduction of oxygen CF 3 SO 3 − anions will not interfere with the adsorption of the reactant and of intermediates, allowing faster rates to be achieved.
Quantum chromodynamics and leptoproduction as a large p T process

As an alternative to the classical moment analyses of structure functions, we discuss tests of QCD in leptoproduction of hadrons associated with the transverse momentum and energy flow of the secondaries. Gluon emission, computed to lowest order in α s , allows a simultaneous description of the rates and spectra of largep T secondaries (typicallyp T 2 >1 GeV2) invN, μN and alsoe +e− interactions. We point out that gluon-quark jet separation might be possible with present leptoproduction data.
Unsaturated polyester resins for thermoset applications using renewable isosorbide as a component for property improvement

Unsaturated polyester (UPE) resins are used in a variety of thermosetting applications due to the reduced cost when compared to epoxy resins; however, UPE resins also have reduced thermomechanical performance. Investigating avenues to improve the performance of UPEs has led to the use of bio-based starting materials as structural components of the synthesized prepolymers as a result of their advantageous structural features. Isosorbide, a compound derived from renewable feedstocks, has been utilized to provide additional stiffness from the diol component for novel unsaturated polyesters resins. These resins have been shown to possess Tg's (32−72°C) and storage moduli (540−2200 MPa) that are in the desired range for composite materials with viscosities (1.2−25 Pa s) amenable to a variety of liquid molding techniques. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42315.
Homeomorphisms and local C 1 approximations

Soient #7B-H et #7B-Y des espaces de Banach, V⊂#7B-H ouvert et f:V→#7B-Y continue. On demontre que les extensions de John du theoreme de Hadamard sont applicables a des fonctions entre des espaces de Banach avec des conteneurs de derivees locaux inversibles
Hearing loss in perinatally HIV-infected and HIV-exposed but uninfected children and adolescents.

Background Little is known about hearing loss in children with HIV infection (HIV+). We examined the prevalence of hearing loss in perinatally HIV+ and HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children, compared these to the percentage with hearing loss in the general population, and evaluated possible risk factors for hearing loss in HIV+ and HEU children.
Elements of negligence and malpractice.

Malpractice suits against advanced practice nurses (APNs) are rising in number and increasing in severity. APNs need to understand the basics of nursing malpractice, including their liability, options with malpractice coverage, the future of the APN's role, and legislative issues such as tort re
Enhancing Lagrangian Dual Optimization for Linear Programs by Obviating Nondifferentiability

We consider nondifferentiable optimization problems that arise when solving Lagrangian duals of large-scale linear programs. Different from traditional subgradient-based approaches, we design two new methods that attempt to circumvent or obviate the nondifferentiability of the objective function, so that standard differentiable optimization techniques could be used. These methods, called the perturbation technique and the barrier-Lagrangian reformulation, are implemented as initialization procedures to provide a warm start to a theoretically convergent nondifferentiable optimization algorithm. Our computational study reveals that this two-phase strategy produces much better solutions with less computation in comparison with both the stand-alone nondifferentiable optimization procedure employed, and the popular Held-Wolfe-Crowder subgradient heuristic. Furthermore, the best version of this composite algorithm is shown to consume only about 3.19% of the CPU time required by the commercial linear programming solver CPLEX 8.1 (using the dual simplex option) to produce the same quality solutions. We also demonstrate that this initialization technique greatly facilitates quick convergence in the primal space when used as a warm start for ergodic-type primal recovery schemes.
Referral to Medical Oncology: A Crucial Step in the Treatment of Older Patients with Stage III Colon Cancer

Purpose— Adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer produces a substantial survival benefit, but many older patients do not receive chemotherapy. This study examines factors associated with medical oncology consultation and evaluates the impact of such consultation on chemotherapy use. Patients and Methods— We used the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results–Medicare linked database and identified 7,569 patients, aged 66–99, with stage III colon cancer diagnosed from 1992–1999. Modified Poisson regression was used to assess the relative risk for seeing a medical oncologist and for receiving chemotherapy as a function of individual characteristics. Results— 78.08% of patients saw a medical oncologist within 6 months of diagnosis. Patients who were female, white, married, had low comorbidity scores, were diagnosed in more recent years, or had four or more positive lymph nodes were more likely to see a medical oncologist. Patients seeing a medical oncologist were 10 times more likely to receive chemotherapy (odds ratio, 9.98; 95% confidence interval, 8.21–12.14), after controlling for demographic and tumor characteristics. Chemotherapy use increased over time, but was substantially lower among older, black, and unmarried patients. Conclusions— Referral to medical oncology is one of the most important factors associated with receipt of chemotherapy among older patients with stage III colon cancer. Comorbidity decreases the likelihood of receiving chemotherapy, but its effect is the same for those who see a medical oncologist and all patients combined. Ensuring that high-risk patients are referred to medical oncology is a crucial step in quality care for patients with colon cancer.
Syndecan-4 modulates basic fibroblast growth factor 2 signaling in vivo

Syndecan-4 is one of the principal heparan sulfate-carrying proteins on the cell surface. Unlike other members of syndecan family, syndecan-4 mediates phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 2 (PIP2)...
The block-based trace cache

The trace cache is a recently proposed solution to achieving high instruction fetch bandwidth by buffering and reusing dynamic instruction traces. This work presents a new block-based trace cache implementation that can achieve higher IPC performance with more efficient storage of traces. Instead of explicitly storing instructions of a trace, pointers to blocks constituting a trace are stored in a much smaller trace table. The block-based trace cache renames fetch addresses at the basic block level and stores aligned blocks in a block cache. Traces are constructed by accessing the replicated block cache using block pointers from the trace table. Performance potential of the block-based trace cache is quantified and compared with perfect branch prediction and perfect fetch schemes. Comparing to the conventional trace cache, the block-based design can achieve higher IPC, with less impact on cycle time.Results: Using the SPECint95 benchmarks, a 16-wide realistic design of a block-based trace cache can improve performance 75% over a baseline design and to within 7% of a baseline design with perfect branch prediction. With idealized trace prediction, it is shown the block-based trace cache with an 1K-entry block cache achieves the same performance of the conventional trace cache with 32K entries.