cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new law of thinning in foam dynamics

A new law for the thinning of surfactant-free lamellae (applicable to metallic and ceramic foams with mobile interfaces) in a cross-section of an arid gas-liquid foam is derived using matched asymptotic analysis. Two limiting cases are identified at small capillary number: the well-known semi-arid foam having unit-order liquid fraction and the arid foam in which it is small. The lamellar thinning rates in both cases exhibit t -2 power-law behaviour at long times even though the foam liquid area fractions have different orders of magnitude in capillary number. At early times, arid foam thinning is slowed because the curvature of the capillary quasi-static interfacial region must decrease in order to accommodate the flow from the films. Therefore, the thinning of lamellae feeding into a given Plateau border is coupled and the dynamics is distinct from that of the semi-arid foam. Approximations of rupture times in arid and semi-arid foams are found by calculating the times for lamellae to thin to a pre-specified thickness. For given initial lamellar thicknesses, and for arid and semi-arid foams that have identical initial lamellar liquid areas, the arid foam ruptures more quickly than the semi-arid foam. On the other hand the rupture of lamellae is significantly delayed in arid foam compared to semi-arid foam if the initial lamellar thickness and capillary number are the same.
SP-frame selection for video streaming over burst-loss networks

SP-frame is a new picture type supported by H.264. The traditional usage of SP-frames is for switching between different compressed bit-streams. In this paper, we proposed and evaluated a scheme that uses SP frames as a mechanism to switch within a single compressed stream for the purpose of achieving error resilience and rate scalability. We have only considered the restricted but practical case in which only one secondary SP frame is allowed for every primary SP frame. Nevertheless, simulation results show that the technique can significantly increase the chance of video frames meeting their deadlines, and also improve overall PSNR.
A new class of acceptor polymers for applications in organic PV

The motivation to use the perylene-based polymers shown here is centered on the material's stability in ambient conditions relative to other widely used photo-active organic materials, very low cost (30c/ m2 for 250 nm thick film of the precursor shown below), solution processability (historically analogous materials have required thermal evaporation which is not as amenable to large scale production), and optoelectronic properties.
Encouraging Consensus‐Challenging Research in Universities*

Drawing from self-efficacy theory and transcriptions of in-depth interviews, we construct a conjoint experiment that we then administer to 54 tenure-tracked assistant professors from two Research-I universities in the United States. Findings from their 1728 nested decisions show that the administrative effectiveness of outcome expectations and time constraints in encouraging highly uncertain, consensus-challenging research depends on the research self-efficacy of scholars. As expected, we find that increases in anticipated credit are more effective at encouraging consensus-challenging research when scholars perceive themselves to be highly competent in the line of research being pursued. Surprisingly, however, we also find that increases in both blame and time pressures are more discouraging of consensus-challenging research when scholars perceive themselves to be highly competent in a research area. We conclude by discussing the findings and their implications for research and practice.
American and Japanese Women Use Different Coping Strategies During Normal Pregnancy

In this longitudinal study, pregnant women in Japan and the United States reported on three coping strategies. Two are individually phrased: personal influence over outcomes and acceptance of outcomes. The third, social assurance, is grounded in relationships, noting that close others can influence outcomes. A European American sample rated acceptance highest as a strategy, whereas Japanese women rated social assurance highest. For Americans, acceptance correlated with better pregnancy outcomes (less distress over time, better prenatal care, and less weight gain). For Japanese women, social assurance predicted a more positive maternal relationship. Acceptance correlated with less Time 1 distress in both samples. Surprisingly, personal influence generally did not predict positive outcomes in either sample, perhaps because normal pregnancy is a time-limited event with a positive prognosis. The findings are consistent with the view that well-being is related to individual variables in the United States but a...
Propagation of intense, ultrashort laser pulses through metal vapor: refraction-limited behavior for single pulses

Propagation of intense, ultrashort laser pulses through self-induced underdense aluminum plasmas is examined at intensity levels of as high as 5 × 1017 W/cm2. Observations of the on-axis transmitted portion of the incident pulse are consistent with optical-field ionization and subsequent plasma refraction. A novel application of frequency-resolved optical gating provides measurement of time-resolved spectra, giving amplitude and phase information of the transmitted laser waveform. At high enough incident intensity the transmitted energy is reduced to the 1% level, the short-wavelength extent of the complex spectra can be downshifted by as much as 19% from the incident wavelength, and the duration of the transmitted laser waveform is noticeably shortened. The usefulness of the frequency-resolved optical gating diagnostic in studying the dynamics of ionization and laser–plasma interactions is demonstrated.
VALUING GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES: THE CASE OF MEDICAL CARE TRANSFERS AND POVERTY*

This paper explores the choices and potential biases involved in valuing one type of government expenditure, medical transfers, and in estimating its antipoverty impact. Three methodological approaches–(a measure of) government costs, (a measure of) cash-equivalent values and (a measure of) funds released–are contrasted both in concept and in practice. We assign benefits to individuals after assuming that Medicare and Medicaid provide insurance to all those who are eligible. The resulting estimates for 1968 and 1974 illustrate the efficacy of these medical transfers in reducing the number of persons in poverty. Two recent studies, one by the Congressional Budget Office, and the other by Morton Paglin, further highlight the importance of medical transfers for estimating poverty, despite the fact that we do not wholly agree with the methodologies which they employ. Our results indicate that in the aggregate, while medical care transfers have a substantial impact on poverty, the choice of a specific estimation approach has little effect on poverty estimates. However, for the elderly and possibly also for other groups (e.g. the rural poor), choice of estimation technique is quite crucial for estimating the extent of poverty.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray data of the FadA adhesin from Fusobacterium nucleatum

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a Gram-negative anaerobe prevalent in the oral cavity that is associated with periodontal disease, preterm birth and infections in other parts of the human body. The bacteria attach to and invade epithelial and endothelial cells in the gum tissue and elsewhere via a 13.7 kDa adhesin protein FadA (Fusobacterium adhesin A). FadA exists in two forms: the intact form (pre-FadA), consisting of 129 amino acids, and the mature form (mFadA), which lacks an 18-residue signal sequence. Both forms have been expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. mFadA has been crystallized. The crystals belong to the hexagonal space group P61 or P65, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 59.3, c = 125.7 A and one molecule per asymmetric unit. The crystals exhibit an unusually high solvent content of 74%. Synchrotron X-ray data have been collected to 1.9 A. The crystals are suitable for X-ray structure determination. The crystal structure of FadA may provide a basis for the development of therapeutic agents to combat periodontal disease and other infections associated with F. nucleatum.
Design of an on-line decision support system for process control

The inference process in many existing artificially intelligent embedded systems is mostly based on a snapshot of incoming input data. It may sometimes be inappropriate to make a decision based on these current input data. The ability to suspend the current inference process and reactivate it upon specified conditions is crucial in many real-time applications. The objective of this research is to design and implement a decision support system that will detect time-related events. This system allows a representation of temporal conditions and actions so that temporal inference invocation, suspension and reactivation are possible.This decision support system consists of three major modules: the Development Engine (DE), the Knowledge Base Manager (KBM), and the Time Sensitive Inference Engine (TSIE).The development engine module allows experts to specify their knowledge in terms of rules, especially with temporal conditions; for example, “If water level is below 10 after the valve B is turned on for 2 minutes, state is warning”, and “If state is warning and the temperature of the reactor is above 1000 degree for 30 seconds, state is alarm and turn on the water pump”The user interface in this development Engine module is completely interactive, and decision tables are the tool used for rule specification. These rules will be automatically checked for inconsistency, redundancy and then stored in the knowledge base for later use by the time sensitive inference engine.A DBMS and a data base which contains historical data are required for analysis purposes. Existing database packages can be used for this.The knowledge base manager module is used to maintain and monitor the created knowledge base. The KBM also plays a role as an interface between the DBMS and the TSIE, which accesses the data base through function calls to the DBMS program. This makes the data base acceptable to TSIE.The time sensitive inference engine performs the inference and control processes on the on-line process data. These processes may be activated, suspended, and reactivated depending on the rules set by the expert. Two major sub-modules of the time sensitive inference engine are the Event Manager and the Action Executive. The event manager is responsible for periodically checking the event list, which keeps both historical and predicted events. The action executive monitors the on-line control of the system.The system is being developed on IBM personal computer. It is intended to support experts in building up knowledge bases and to support realtime process control. If users are involved in the inference process, it can be expanded with a user interface, which of course requires some kind of checking function against incomplete requests or contradictory input data. Applications of such a system would include manufacture automation systems, air traffic monitoring systems, financial market analysis and investment systems, etc.
Layered LnBaCo2O5+δ perovskite cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells: An overview and perspective

Aligned with an ever growing interest to reduce the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) that offer technical and economical benefits, materials research in the area of SOFC cathodes is being directed toward mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) oxides with perovskite or related structures due to their promising performances particularly at reduced temperatures (T < 800 °C). This article focuses on the recent progress in the A-site ordered, layered LnBaCo2O5+δ perovskite family of MIECs that have been most actively investigated in the last decade. While significant progress has been made in understanding the promising cathode activity of LnBaCo2O5+δ, much efforts are being put towards further fine-tuning their properties by exploring their derivative chemical compositions and optimizing microstructures via advanced cathode fabrication processes. Based on the literature data, an overview of the structure–composition–property–performance relationships of the LnBaCo2O5+δ-based layered perovskite family is presented here. The challenges and perspectives of the LnBaCo2O5+δ-based cathodes are also discussed in relation to the conventional perovskite oxide cathodes.
High performance SiGeC/Si near-IR photonic devices

SiGeC alloys are used to realize high performance compact integrated photonic devices, such as electro-optic modulators and photodetectors, on Silicon at near-IR wavelengths with performances that exceed those of conventional designs.
Recognition, Recall, and Rating Scales

To gauge interest in an advertisement, use the recognition method. To plumb how meaningful the message is and how well the brand name registers, use recall. But to predict subsequent sales, just ask people to rate the ad. With Large Resources and good research designs, we now can measure the sales effects of advertising campaigns (Wolfe, et al., 1962, 1963). But, except under very unusual circumstances, we cannot measure the sales effects of individual ads. Without a real measure of sales effectiveness, advertisers have fallen back on other less obvious measures of an advertisement's worth. One of these is memorability, as measured by aided recall. Another is the recognition method used by Starch. And still another is direct rating of advertisements by consumers themselves.
Quality estimation of resistance spot welding by using pattern recognition with neural networks

A quality estimation system of resistance spot welding has been developed using a dynamic resistance pattern. Dynamic resistance is monitored in the primary circuit of the welding machine and is mapped into a bipolarized vector for pattern recognition. The Hopfield neural network classifies the pattern vectors and utilizes them to estimate weld quality. Weld strength measurements have been made to examine the performance of the estimation system. Good agreement is obtained between the classified results and tensile-shear strengths. For a better understanding of the estimation process of the network, an example in which the dynamic resistance is classified into the stored pattern is also illustrated.
Explicit construction of families of LDPC codes with no 4-cycles

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are serious contenders to turbo codes in terms of decoding performance. One of the main problems is to give an explicit construction of such codes whose Tanner graphs have known girth. For a prime power q and m/spl ges/2, Lazebnik and Ustimenko construct a q-regular bipartite graph D(m,q) on 2q/sup m/ vertices, which has girth at least 2/spl lceil/m/2/spl rceil/+4. We regard these graphs as Tanner graphs of binary codes LU(m,q). We can determine the dimension and minimum weight of LU(2,q), and show that the weight of its minimum stopping set is at least q+2 for q odd and exactly q+2 for q even. We know that D(2,q) has girth 6 and diameter 4, whereas D(3,q) has girth 8 and diameter 6. We prove that for an odd prime p, LU(3,p) is a [p/sup 3/,k] code with k/spl ges/(p/sup 3/-2p/sup 2/+3p-2)/2. We show that the minimum weight and the weight of the minimum stopping set of LU(3,q) are at least 2q and they are exactly 2q for many LU(3,q) codes. We find some interesting LDPC codes by our partial row construction. We also give simulation results for some of our codes.
Mapeando a imaginação feminista: da redistribuição ao reconhecimento e à representação

On this article the author aims to stimulate discussion as to how reinvent the project of feminism for a globalizing world, situating those shifts, in the context of changes in postwar capitalism and post-communist geopolitics. US feminism finds itself at an impasse, stymied by the hostile, post-9/11 political climate. The cutting edge of gender struggle has shifted away from the United States to transnational spaces, such as "Europe". What lies behind this geographical shif? what are its political implications for the future of the feminist project?
Polydioxanone biodegradable pins in the knee: MR imaging.

OBJECTIVE. Biodegradable solid implants have been developed as an alternative to metallic orthopedic fixation. In animal models, implants degrade within and are replaced by bone. This study documents the resorption of these devices in human patients with MR imaging.SUBJECTS AND METHODS. One hundred seventy-five 1.3-mm biodegradable pins made of polydioxanone were used to secure a total of 59 osteochondral allografts of the knee. Patients with the pins underwent scanning on a 1.5-T unit with 3.3- to 4-mm contiguous T1-weighted spin-echo (TR/TE, 600/15), fat-saturated proton density-weighted (3000/40), T2-weighted fast spin-echo (3000/63), and three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled (47/7; flip angle, 60°) sequences at 3, 6, 12, 24, or 36 months after surgery. Eighty-nine pins were imaged on multiple occasions. Two osteoradiologists interpreted the MR examinations.RESULTS. More than 80% of the pin channels were visible at 3 and at 6 months after surgery. By 24 months, only 20% of the pin channels were v...
The NMSSM Close to the R-symmetry Limit and Naturalness in h ---> aa Decays for m(a) < 2m(b)

Dominant decay of a SM-like Higgs boson into particles beyond those contained in the minimal supersymmetric standard model has been identified as a natural scenario to avoid fine tuning in electroweak symmetry breaking while satisfying all LEP limits. In the simplest such extension, the next-to-minimal supersymmetric model, the lightest CP-even Higgs boson can decay into two pseudoscalars. In the scenario with least fine tuning the lightest CP-even Higgs boson has mass of order 100 GeV. In order to escape LEP limits it must decay to a pair of the lightest CP-odd Higgs bosons with Br(h → aa) > .7 and ma < 2mb (so that a → � + � − or light quarks and gluons). The mass of the lightest CP-odd Higgs boson is controlled by the soft-trilinear couplings, A�(mZ) and A�(mZ). We identify the region of parameter space where this situation occurs and discuss how natural this scenario is. It turns out that in order to achieve ma < 2mb with A�(mZ), A�(mZ) of order the typical radiative corrections, the required tuning of trilinear couplings need not be larger than 5-10 %. Further, the necessity for this tuning can be eliminated in specific SUSY breaking scenarios. Quite interestingly, Br(h → aa) is typically above 70 % in this region of parameter space and thus an appropriately large value requires no additional tuning.
Privacy-Preserving Clustering Using Representatives over Arbitrarily Partitioned Data ∗

The challenge in privacy-preserving data mining is avoiding the invasion of personal data privacy. Secure computa- tion provides a solution to this problem. With the development of this technique, fully homomorphic encryption has been realized after decades of research; this encryption enables the computing and obtaining results via encrypted data without accessing any plaintext or private key information. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving clustering using representatives (CURE) algorithm over arbitrarily partitioned data using fully homomor- phic encryption. Our privacy-preserving CURE algorithm allows cooperative computation without revealing users' individual data. The method used in our algorithm enables the data to be arbitrarily distributed among different parties and to receive accurate clustering result simultaneously.
Utilization of sialic acid as a coreceptor is required for reovirus-induced biliary disease

Infection of neonatal mice with some reovirus strains produces a disease similar to infantile biliary atresia, but previous attempts to correlate reovirus infection with this disease have yielded conflicting results. We used isogenic reovirus strains T3SA- and T3SA+, which differ solely in the capacity to bind sialic acid as a coreceptor, to define the role of sialic acid in reovirus encephalitis and biliary tract infection in mice. Growth in the intestine was equivalent for both strains following peroral inoculation. However, T3SA+ spread more rapidly from the intestine to distant sites and replicated to higher titers in spleen, liver, and brain. Strikingly, mice infected with T3SA+ but not T3SA- developed steatorrhea and bilirubinemia. Liver tissue from mice infected with T3SA+ demonstrated intense inflammation focused at intrahepatic bile ducts, pathology analogous to that found in biliary atresia in humans, and high levels of T3SA+ antigen in bile duct epithelial cells. T3SA+ bound 100-fold more efficiently than T3SA- to human cholangiocarcinoma cells. These observations suggest that the carbohydrate-binding specificity of a virus can dramatically alter disease in the host and highlight the need for epidemiologic studies focusing on infection by sialic acid-binding reovirus strains as a possible contributor to the pathogenesis of neonatal biliary atresia.
Constituent Influence in State Supreme Courts: Conceptual Notes and a Case Study

This study examines the low rate of dissent in state supreme courts and argues that this trend might be accounted for, in part, by certain institutional arrangements. Specifically, in state supreme courts where justices are subject to re-election, perceived constituent values may suppress the expression of dissent on highly salient issues for certain types of justices. Instead of voting in accordance with their personal preferences, justices who have very strong ambitions to retain their positions, who perceive themselves to have views inconsistent with those of their constituents, and who find themselves in the minority on issues of high public visibility, may utilize the strategy of not dissenting in order to avoid being singled out for possible electoral sanction. A case study of the Louisiana Supreme Court, combining personal interviews with voting data, supports this proposition.
Normal-zone propagation in adiabatic superconducting magnets. II. Quench properties of a 12 coil 17.6 T 750 MHz NMR magnet

For pt.I see ibid., vol.31, p.817 (1991). A quench simulation code was developed for multisection, epoxy-resin-impregnated, superconducting solenoids. The analysis of a 12 coil, 17.6 T, 750 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) magnet shows that the overloading stress and strain in a heater-induced simultaneous quench are much lower than those in a sequential quench unaided with heaters. The analytical quench results are generally consistent with the experimental data for the five outer NbTi coils in the system. The analysis indicates that the magnet insulation strength should be no less than 1 kV, the maximum internal quench voltage of the system. >
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

1. Spontaneous abortion is defined as delivery prior to 20 weeks’ gestation. 2. Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as three or more spontaneous abortions prior to 20 weeks’ gestation.
Multi-directional energy harvesting by piezoelectric cantilever-pendulum with internal resonance

This letter reports a piezoelectric cantilever-pendulum design for multi-directional energy harvesting. A pendulum is attached to the tip of a piezoelectric cantilever-type energy harvester. This design aims at taking advantage of the nonlinear coupling between the pendulum motion in 3-dimensional space and the beam bending vibration at resonances. Experimental studies indicate that, under properly chosen parameters, 1:2 internal resonance can be induced, which enables the multi-directional energy harvesting with a single cantilever. The advantages of the design with respect to traditional piezoelectric cantilever are examined.
Accuracy Verication for Numerical Solutions of Equilibrium Models

We propose a simulation-based procedure for evaluating approximation accuracy of numerical solutions of general equilibrium models with heterogeneous agents. We measure the approximation accuracy by the magnitude of the loss suered by the agents as a result of following suboptimal policies. Our procedure allows agents to have knowledge of the future paths of the economy under suitably imposed costs of such foresight. This method is very general, straightforward to implement, and can be used in conjunction with various solution algorithms. We illustrate our method in the context of the incomplete-markets model of Krusell and Smith (1998), where we apply it to two widely used approximation techniques: cross-sectional moment truncation and history truncation.
Use of Tracers For Soil And Fertilizer Nitrogen Research

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the tracer techniques based on the use of stable isotope of nitrogen, 15 N, for soil and fertilizer nitrogen research. It discusses three fundamental assumptions that are central to the use of the nitrogen isotopes as tracers in biological systems: (1) complex elements in the natural state have a constant isotope composition, (2) living systems can distinguish one isotope from another of the same element only with difficulty, and (3) the chemical identity of isotopes is maintained in biochemical systems. Various advantages and disadvantages of nitrogen tracer techniques are presented over non-tracer methods for research on nitrogen cycle processes. The advantages of 14 N and I5 N as tracers are derived from their inherent non-radioactivity. The use of nitrogen tracers has been restricted by the high cost of 15 N and by the difficulty of performing nitrogen isotope-ratio analysis. These restrictions have been reduced by recent developments leading to reduction in the cost of 15 N -enriched and 15 N -depleted compounds and by improvement and simplification of techniques for nitrogen isotope-ratio analysis.
Multiresolution Shape Descriptions and their Applications in Medical Imaging

The recognition of objects in medical images and the analysis of their properties in space and time requires a representation that reflects properties of shape. These representations are independent of position, orientation and size. They can be based on ad hoc features, object boundaries, object interiors (figures), or object deformations.
A New Course to Teach Microcontrollers and Embedded Networking to Biosystems and Agricultural Engineers

One of the fundamental skills required of biosystems and agricultural engineers is an ability to interact with systems that affect the production and processing of biological materials. This involves monitoring and controlling parameters within complex biological systems. Also, there is often a need to link multiple systems over a network to allow control and feedback data to be shared at several points. These monitoring systems and more sophisticated embedded networks are enhancing the ability of biosystems and agricultural engineers to solve problems by facilitating real-time data collection and enabling control actions. The use of microcontrollers in industry applications is growing steadily each year. Currently, worldwide microcontroller unit sales are increasing at a rate of 13% to 17% annually. This growth is reflected in biosystems and agricultural engineering by an increased use of microcontrollers in all aspects of the profession. Food and bioprocessing groups are utilizing microcontroller resources to improve the accuracy and efficiency of process control machines. Microcontrollers are also increasingly used for environmental control, where they have been implemented into distributed control systems. Applications are increasing in all areas of specialization where cost effective and precise control is required. In order to fulfill the departmental mission to provide students with the highest quality and most diverse learning experience possible, the University of Kentucky Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering has developed a course to introduce the basic operation and industrial use of microcontrollers and embedded network systems. The fundamental goals of the course were to teach students the basic operating principles of microcontrollers and communication protocols, and to introduce practical microcontroller uses in industry. Laboratory assignments were tailored toward applications in biosystems and agricultural engineering including analog data acquisition, environmental monitoring, and process control. Principle concepts of motor and valve control were also discussed as they relate to real-world control applications.
Characterization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis genes cloned in Escherichia coli K12

We have constructed a recombinant plasmid, pTME6, which contains nine kilobases of Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA inserted into the E. coli vector pBR322. The 9 Kb insert was restriction mapped by cross hybridization of restriction fragments. E. coli HB101 transformants containing pTME6 expressed a gonococcal antigen on the cell surface. The cloned antigen was proteinase K resistant but sensitive to periodate oxidation. Silver stained gels of purified HB101(pTME6) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) indicated a unique LPS band in addition to those shared with HB101. Western blots of LPS revealed the antigen was located on the unique band. Two out of 3 E. coli LPS mutants transformed with pTME6 expressed the gonococcal antigen, suggesting a particular E. coli core structure was necessary for antigen expression. We believe the cloned gonococcal genes encode enzymes involved in N. gonorrhoeae LPS biosynthesis.
Cell Interactions Between Epithelial and Mesenchymal Components in Primary Sheets of Fetal Rat Lung Cells, and the Effects of 3-Methylcholanthrene Treatment

Cell rearrangement of epithelial and mesenchymal components was analyzed in primary cell sheets derived from whole lungs from fetal rats and maintained in tissue culture for 3-175 days without being subcultured. A limited reconstruction of original lung tissue from the dissociated cells was observed in these primary cell sheets. From the initial monlayer spread, ciliated columnar epithelial coverage appeared on fibroblast sheets after appoximately 2 weeks' maintence. Cystic formation also developed within the fibroblast layers. Histotypic collagen fibril formation eventually appeared in the fibroblast layers and resulted in the development of multilayered collagenous connective tissue in vitro. Epithelial elements survived as a form of surface coverage during maintenance of the sheets and as cystic structures in the collagenous layers. Treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene induced severe proliferation of epithelial elements in the cell sheets. These proliferative changes included rapid extension of epithelial surface coverage, stratification of immature cells, and squamous cell mataplasia.
Querying historical maps as a unified, structured, and linked spatiotemporal source: vision paper

Historical spatiotemporal datasets are important for a variety of studies such as cancer and environmental epidemiology, urbanization, and landscape ecology. However, existing data sources typically contain only contemporary datasets. Historical maps hold a great deal of detailed geographic information at various times in the past. Yet, finding relevant maps is difficult and the map content are not machine-readable. I envision a map processing, modeling, linking, and publishing framework that allows querying historical map collections as a unified and structured spatiotemporal source in which individual geographic phenomena (extracted from maps) are modeled with semantic descriptions and linked to other data sources (e.g., DBpedia). This framework will make it possible to efficiently study historical spatiotemporal datasets on a large scale. Realizing such a framework poses significant research challenges in multiple fields in computer science including digital map processing, data integration, and the Semantic Web technologies, and other disciplines such as spatial, earth, social, and health sciences. Tackling these challenges will not only advance research in computer science but also present a unique opportunity for interdisciplinary research.
O 3 FA: A scalable finite automata-based pattern-matching engine for out-of-order deep packet inspection

To match the signatures of malicious traffic across packet boundaries, network-intrusion detection (and prevention) systems (NIDS) typically perform pattern matching after flow reassembly or packet reordering. However, this may lead to the need for large packet buffers, making detection vulnerable to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, whereby attackers exhaust the buffer capacity by sending long sequences of out-of-order packets. While researchers have proposed solutions for exact-match patterns, regular-expression matching on out-of-order packets is still an open problem. Specifically, a key challenge is the matching of complex sub-patterns (such as repetitions of wildcards matched at the boundary between packets). Our proposed approach leverages the insight that various segments matching the same repetitive sub-pattern are logically equivalent to the regular-expression matching engine, and thus, inter-changing them would not affect the final result. In this paper, we present O3FA, a new finite automata-based, deep packet-inspection engine to perform regular-expression matching on out-of-order packets without requiring flow reassembly. O3FA consists of a deterministic finite automaton (FA) coupled with a set of prefix-/suffix-FA, which allows processing out-of-order packets on the fly. We present our design, optimization, and evaluation for the O3FA engine. Our experiments show that our design requires 20x-4000x less buffer space than conventional buffering-and-reassembling schemes on various datasets and that it can process packets in real-time, i.e., without reassembly.
Effect of Crotalus Atrox Venom on Sodium Transport Across the Frog Skin

SummaryThe present investigation involving CAV on the ion transport systems in isolated skin has shown that (i) PD and SCC are stimulated in an equal fashion at low concentrations, (ii) R drastically increases at high concentrations, (iii) the mechanism for stimulating SCC is independent of that produced by ADH, (iv) Ca2+ abolished any effect on PD or SCC produced by CAV, and (v) active sodium transport is stimulated at low CAV concentrations.The technical assistance of Ms. E. Colquitt and Mr. R. Nicholson in some of these experiments is gratefully acknowledged.This investigation was supported by Grant 5 ROI GM-15591 from the National Institutes of Health and a D.S.R. Seed Award (No. 2292 K15).
Intellectual Closure: A Theoretical Framework Linking Knowledge, Power, and the Corporate University:

Scholars have recently called attention to the changing nature of the American university in the wake of the current economic downturn. Considering the transformative nature of knowledge production...
Effect Of Dopants on the Crystallization of Zircon From Zirconium Silicate Gels

Zirconium silicate gels containing small amounts of foreign cations were found to exhibit different crystallization behavior as compared to undoped gels. The reaction to form the zircon phase was enhanced by the presence of these dopants, with zinc oxide additions causing the largest decrease in crystallization temperature. The crystallization behavior of these gels is compared to that of zircon prepared from alternative processing techniques.
Numerical Solution of Multiphysics Large Deflection Plates for Ionic Polymeric Artificial Muscle Applications

Recent advances in the manufacturing of new materials that can by activated by multifield excitation have introduced the need for modeling their multiphysics behavior. In responding to this need the special case of electric multihygrothermoelasticity is being considered as the closest multiphysics theory for modeling the behavior electro-hygrothermo-elasto-active materials utilized in artificial muscle applications. Furthermore, the system of governing partial differential equations describing the state evolution of large deflection plates made from such materials is derived as a twodimensional specialization of the above mentioned theory. These electro-hygro-thermally modified Von-Karman nonlinear equations are solved numerically through an adaptive finite element approach and preliminary results are presented for the case of a rectangular ionic polymeric material plate under various boundary conditions. Finally, various issues associated with the regimes of applicability of this theory and approach are also presented.© 2003 ASME
Embyronal carcinoma of testis metastatic to ciliary body presenting as spontaneous hyphema and painful secondary glaucoma.

PURPOSE To report a rare presentation of metastatic testicular cancer to the uvea. METHODS Observational case report. RESULTS A 24-year-old man without known systemic illness presented with acute total loss of vision and severe pain in his left eye and associated nausea, anorexia, and dehydration. He was found to have a total hyphema, high intraocular pressure, and a ciliary body mass (by computed tomography scan and ultrasound biomicroscopy). The affected eye was enucleated, and pathologic study showed a hemorrhagic poorly differentiated neoplasm of the ciliary body. Subsequent patient evaluation revealed a primary testicular embryonal carcinoma with widespread metastasis. CONCLUSION This case represents the first report of a metastasis from a testicular carcinoma to the ciliary body and the first tumor of this type to be associated with spontaneous hyphema.
To interrogate the double helix

Is DNA really right-handed(plectonemic) double helix? The author asked several questions and proved that the linking number of a plasmid could be zero,which is a phenomenon unexplainable by the traditional double helix model.Based on this observation and several other evidences,a hypothesis about the double helix was proposed.It is called ambidextrous double helix,in which the two strands are supposed to wind in both directions.This essay is provided for discussion.It is hoped that the readers can block their first impression,keep their minds open,to think carefully,independently,critically on the novel ideas that were not written in textbooks and to make their own judgments.
Study on interaction of small molecules with protein

The interaction mechanism and the research methods of small molecules and protein were introduced as well as the advantages and limitations of these methods in this paper.
A true role for the dietitian: a scholar in nutrition.

In studying 160 out-patients with diabetes over a period of several years the author found the single most frequent cause of failure to attain good control of the disease arose from a poor understanding of the dietary program. It is from this focus that he views the physician's need for a greater commitment of time on the part of the therapeutic dietitian to education and research.
Magna Carta revisited: parchment, guns, and constitutional order☆

Abstract This paper revisits the question of substantive rules versus procedural rules to enforce constitutions. Scholars engaging in positive analysis of constitutional rules argue that procedural rules are more durable and act as better safeguards for constitutional maintenance. Chapter 61 of the Magna Carta, also known as the ‘security clause,’ lays out the procedural component for enforcement of the Charter. The clause provides for a council of twenty-five barons to enforce the Charter, with provisions to choose and replace the members, outline their powers, and constrain executive action. It is therefore puzzling that Chapter 61 is absent in the 1216 issue of the Magna Carta, and all reissues thereafter. On the other hand, substantive protections like Chapter 40 have been maintained through the evolution of constitutional rules over 800 years. It is even more puzzling that the Magna Carta survived for 800 years without the main clause to enforce it. This paper argues that the procedural-versus-substantive distinction is superficial, and instead focuses on polycentric arrangements creating opposing interests, to understand self enforcing constitutions and explain the failure of the 1215 Charter and the longevity of the reissues of the Charter.
Far-infrared tangential interferometer/polarimeter design and installation for NSTX-U

The Far-infrared Tangential Interferometer/Polarimeter (FIReTIP) system has been refurbished and is being reinstalled on the National Spherical Torus Experiment—Upgrade (NSTX-U) to supply real-time line-integrated core electron density measurements for use in the NSTX-U plasma control system (PCS) to facilitate real-time density feedback control of the NSTX-U plasma. Inclusion of a visible light heterodyne interferometer in the FIReTIP system allows for real-time vibration compensation due to movement of an internally mounted retroreflector and the FIReTIP front-end optics. Real-time signal correction is achieved through use of a National Instruments CompactRIO field-programmable gate array.
High-Potential Porphyrins Supported on SnO2 and TiO2 Surfaces for Photoelectrochemical Applications

We report CF3-substituted porphyrins and evaluate their use as photosensitizers in water-splitting dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (WS-DSPECs) by characterizing interfacial electron transfer on metal oxide surfaces. By using (CF3)2C6H3 instead of C6F5 substituents at the meso positions, we obtain the desired high potentials while avoiding the sensitivity of C6F5 substituents to nucleophilic substitution, a process that limits the types of synthetic reactions that can be used. Both the number of CF3 groups and the central metal tune the ground and excited-state potentials. A pair of porphyrins bearing carboxylic acids as anchoring groups were deposited on SnO2 and TiO2 surfaces, and the interfacial charge-injection and charge-recombination kinetics were characterized by using a combination of computational modeling, terahertz measurements, and transient absorption spectroscopy. We find that both free-base and metalated porphyrins inject into SnO2 and that recombination is slower for the latter ca...
Dominance and subsumption in constraint-posting planning

By integrating a dominance prover into the plan search process, the traditional constraint-posting planning paradigm can be generalised to permit partially satisfiable goals. In this approach, the view of planning as theorem proving is retained, although the emphasis is on proving theorems about dominance relations on classes of candidate plans. Plan classes are generated by posting constraints at various levels of abstraction, then classified within a plan lattice that manages inheritance of properties and dominance characteristics. An analysis of TWEAK demonstrates how to recast existing planning ideas in this framework, providing insight into the planner's capabilities with a dominance-proving interpretation. The plan lattice representation highlights the role of plan subsumption in optimizing search.
Mean‐strain 10‐node tetrahedron with energy‐sampling stabilization for nonlinear deformation

Summary A mean-strain 10-node tetrahedral element is developed for the solution of geometrically nonlinear solid mechanics problems using the concept of energy-sampling stabilization. A uniform-strain tetrahedron for applications to linear elasticity was recently described. The formulation as extended here is able to solve large-strain hyperelasticity. The present 10-node tetrahedron is composed of several four-node linear tetrahedral elements, four tetrahedra in the corners, and four tetrahedra that tile the central octahedron in three possible sets of four-node tetrahedra, corresponding to three different choices for the internal diagonal. We formulate a mean-strain element with stabilization energy evaluated on the four corner tetrahedra, which is shown to guarantee consistency and stability. The stabilization energy is expressed through a stored-energy function, and contact with input parameters in the small-strain regime is made. The neo-Hookean model is used to formulate the stabilization energy. As for small-strain elasticity, the stabilization parameters are determined by actual material properties and geometry of a tetrahedra without any user input. The numerical tests demonstrate that the present element performs well for solid, shell, and nearly incompressible structures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stress, Religious Involvement, and Cholesterol: Is It Better to Give than to Receive?

The purpose of this study is to see if social support that is exchanged in religious institutions moderates the relationship between stressful life events and cholesterol. The data come from a nationwide survey of adults of all ages (N = 816). Based on data from blood samples, cholesterol was measured by subtracting high-density lipoprotein from total cholesterol. Questions were administered to assess how often study participants provide and receive spiritual support from fellow church members. Spiritual support is assistance that is exchanged with the explicit purpose of increasing the religious beliefs and behaviors of the recipient. Controls were established in the analyses for a number of health behaviors (e.g., exercise), other types of religious involvement (e.g., church attendance), and demographic characteristics (e.g., age, sex, education). The study variables were assessed with ordinary least squares regression procedures. The data suggest that providing spiritual support tends to reduce the magnitude of the relationship between stress and cholesterol. In contrast, similar stress-buffering effects were not observed with the measure of receiving spiritual support at church. The findings contribute to mounting evidence on the relationship between religion and health because they are based on biological measures.
Effect of 3 Commercially Available Botulinum Toxin Neuromodulators on Facial Synkinesis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

ImportanceBotulinum toxin neuromodulators are an important treatment for facial synkinesis. Whether a difference in efficacy exists among the 3 different botulinum neuromodulators used in treating ...
RAIN: Refinable Attack Investigation with On-demand Inter-Process Information Flow Tracking

As modern attacks become more stealthy and persistent, detecting or preventing them at their early stages becomes virtually impossible. Instead, an attack investigation or provenance system aims to continuously monitor and log interesting system events with minimal overhead. Later, if the system observes any anomalous behavior, it analyzes the log to identify who initiated the attack and which resources were affected by the attack and then assess and recover from any damage incurred. However, because of a fundamental tradeoff between log granularity and system performance, existing systems typically record system-call events without detailed program-level activities (e.g., memory operation) required for accurately reconstructing attack causality or demand that every monitored program be instrumented to provide program-level information. To address this issue, we propose RAIN, a Refinable Attack INvestigation system based on a record-replay technology that records system-call events during runtime and performs instruction-level dynamic information flow tracking (DIFT) during on-demand process replay. Instead of replaying every process with DIFT, RAIN conducts system-call-level reachability analysis to filter out unrelated processes and to minimize the number of processes to be replayed, making inter-process DIFT feasible. Evaluation results show that RAIN effectively prunes out unrelated processes and determines attack causality with negligible false positive rates. In addition, the runtime overhead of RAIN is similar to existing system-call level provenance systems and its analysis overhead is much smaller than full-system DIFT.