cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Existence of a pool of T-lymphocyte colony-forming cells (T-CFC) in human bone marrow and their place in the differentiation of the T- lymphocyte lineage

The existence and characteristics of bone marrow T-cell progenitors have not yet been established in man. Several pieces of evidence such as the reconstitution of certain immunodeficiencies by bone marrow graft suggest that T-cell precursors are present in the bone marrow. We report the growth of T-cell colonies from bone marrow populations using PHA-stimulated lymphocyte-conditioned medium containing T-cell growth factor (TCGF). Rosetting experiments and complement-dependent cytotoxicity assays with monoclonal antibodies indicate that the bone marrow T colony-forming cells (T-CFC) are E- OKT 3- and la+, i.e., immature progenitors. The colonies derived from these cells have the phenotype of mature T cells: E + OKT 3 + la- with either helper (OKT 4+) and suppressor (OKT 8 +) antigens. These results suggest that a thymic microenvironment may not be necessary for the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of the T-cell lineage in adult humans. These methodologies may permit direct investigation of early phenomena concerning the T-cell lineage, such as the acquisition of self-tolerance, the formation of a repertoire of specificities, and the HLA restriction phenomena that we believe takes place before the thymic maturation.
A Cross‐linguistic Examination of Toddlers’ Interpretation of Vowel Duration

Languages differ in their phonological use of vowel duration. For the child, learning how duration contributes to lexical contrast is complicated because segmental duration is implicated in many different linguistic distinctions. Using a language-guided looking task, we measured English and Dutch 21-month-olds' recognition of familiar words with normal or manipulated vowel durations. Dutch but not English learners were affected by duration changes, even though distributions of short and long vowels in both languages are similar, and English uses vowel duration as a cue to (for example) consonant coda voicing. Additionally, we found that word recognition in Dutch toddlers was affected by shortening but not lengthening of vowels, matching an asymmetry also found in Dutch adults. Considering the subtlety of the crosslinguistic difference in the input, and the complexity of duration as a phonetic feature, our results suggest a strong capacity for phonetic analysis in children before their second birthday.
Mortality prediction using medical notes: student research abstract

Mortality prediction is a critical task for assessing patients' conditions in Intensive Care Units (ICU) of hospitals to improve decision-making and quality of care. Measurements taken and recorded at different time points are the main source of information to be used for tasks related to healthcare. However, the notes written by medical service providers during patients' stay in hospital as a rich source of detailed information is not sufficiently exploited. In this work, we propose a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture to utilize the unstructured texts to predict the pre-discharge and post-discharge mortality of ICU patients. Evaluations show high performance of the proposed method in terms of precision and recall. Moreover, our method outperforms the state of the art method by achieving a higher AUC.
Influence of Ga and Ag on the KF Treatment Chemistry for CIGS Solar Cells

The KF postdeposition treatment (KF-PDT) is compared on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) and CuInSe2 (CIS), as well as Ag alloyed CIGS and CIS (ACIGS and ACIS), with the focus on surface chemistry and resulting device performance. Ga does not affect the surface K content; however, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows a preferential reaction of F with Ga, in which CIGS+KF forms GaF3 and CIS+KF forms InF3. KF-treated devices have lower Cu and Ag concentration on the surface, but Cu is reduced more strongly than Ag. Films with Ga show a greater Cu and Ag reduction on the surface than CIS or ACIS. The KF-PDT improves CIS and CIGS device performance and allows for both CIS and CIGS to tolerate reduced CdS thicknesses. In ACIS and ACIGS, device performance decreases with KF, and the open-circuit voltage and fill factor loss is reduced with thinner CdS layers.
Institutional Knowledge Spillovers

The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship identifies entrepreneurs as the drivers of economic growth, positing the production of technological knowledge as the source of entrepreneurial op...
Neonatal Pain Management

As our knowledge of the effects of pain on the developing brain has changed over the last several decades, so too has the recognition and management of pain in neonates. Despite its challenges in a nonverbal population, assessing neonatal pain, particularly in the neonatal intensive care unit, is now standard of care. In addition, while appropriately treating pain is recommended, when and how best to apply both non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment strategies remains challenging. This chapter will review the neonatal pain experience, provide guidance on pain assessment, discuss pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic pain management, and highlight challenges that exist when balancing the risks associated with untreated pain and untoward effects from pharmacologic therapies.
Nuclear modification factors, directed and elliptic flow of electrons from open heavy flavor decays in Au+Au collisions from STAR

Abstract We present the analyses of single electrons from semileptonic bottom and charm hadron decays at mid-rapidity in s N N = 200 and 54.4 GeV Au+Au collisions (talk in Heavy-Flavor session III). The data at s N N = 200 GeV incorporate information from the Heavy Flavor Tracker which enables the topological separation of electrons originating from bottom and charm hadron decays. We report the first STAR measurements at s N N = 200 GeV of ν2 for bottom decay electrons as a function of pT and ν1 for charm decay electrons as a function of electron rapidity. Additionally, we present the improved measurements of heavy-flavor decay electron RAA and a new measurement of the ratio of RCP between bottom and charm decay electrons. Finally, we also report the measurement of non-photonic electron ν2 in s N N = 54.4 GeV data collected during the 2017 RHIC run.
Association Between Proton Pump Inhibitors and Microscopic Colitis.

Objective: Microscopic colitis (MC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon that is characterized by chronic, watery, nonbloody diarrhea. Concern regarding a potential association between proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) and MC has recently emerged. We sought to systematically review and summarize the evidence for the potential association between PPIs and MC. Data Sources: We systematically searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Google Scholar using the terms proton-pump inhibitors (omeprazole, lansoprazole, dexlansoprazole, rabeprazole, pantoprazole, or esomeprazole), microscopic colitis, collagenous colitis, and lymphocytic colitis. Study Selection: Full-text, English-language reports of case reports/series, observational studies, experimental studies, and systematic reviews/meta-analyses published between January 2000 to August 2016 were included. Bibliographies from pertinent publications were reviewed for additional referenc...
Along the cow path: technical communication within a Jewish Cemetery

Technical communication and user experience studies traditionally uphold Western onto-epistemological distinctions between technical users and objects. Recent calls for the inclusion of cultural approaches to technical communication, however, have asked scholars to consider the influence cultural knowledge has on communication design. This article takes up these calls by reading technical documentation through new materialist and Indigenous ways of knowing. Using a prominent Jewish cemetery in Gainesville, Florida as a case study, this article treats technical artifacts and subjects as co-constitutive, arguing for the cultural and material agency of technical documentation design in mediating and shaping user experience.
Olivier Messiaen’s Opera, Saint François d’Assise: by Vincent Perez Benitez, Bloomington, IN, Indiana University Press, 2019, 328 pp., $38.00 (paper), ISBN 978-0-253-04288-0

Two of the strongest memories of my childhood center around my late father. One centers on his love of theology, and the other centers on his love of music and opera. As a young man, my father atte...
Leading the charge in addressing racism and bias: implications for social work training and practice

As a profession with social justice as an ethical mandate, social work is well positioned to lead systems towards anti-racist practice and equity through consciousness-raising efforts. At a time of...
PLHI-MC10: A dataset of exercise activities captured through a triple synchronous medically-approved sensor.

ABSTRACT Most human activity recognition datasets that are publicly available have data captured by using either smartphones or smartwatches, which are usually placed on the waist or the wrist, respectively. These devices obtain one set of acceleration and angular velocity in the x-, y-, and z-axis from the accelerometer and the gyroscope planted in these devices. The PLHI-MC10 dataset contains data obtained by using 3 BioStamp nPoint® sensors from 7 physically healthy adult test subjects performing different exercise activities. These sensors are the state-of-the-art biomedical sensors manufactured by MC10. Each of the three sensors was attached to the subject externally on three muscles - Extensor Digitorum (Posterior Forearm), Gastrocnemius (Calf), and Pectoralis (Chest) - giving us three sets of 3 axial acceleration, two sets of 3 axial angular velocities, and 1 set of voltage values from the heart. Using three different sensors instead of a single sensor improves precision. It helps distinguish between human activities as it simultaneously captures the movement and contractions of various muscles from separate parts of the human body. Each test subject performed five activities (stairs, jogging, skipping, lifting kettlebell, basketball throws) in a supervised environment. The data is cleaned, filtered, and synced.
Prenatal and early postnatal nicotine exposure adversely affects autoresuscitation in serotonin deficient rats

We investigated the effects of prenatal and early postnatal nicotine exposure in rat neonates treated with control vs. tryptophan deficient diets, the latter known to induce a brainstem 5-HT deficiency. In P10 neonates, nicotine exposurefrom E4 to P10 at 6mg kg-1 day-1 exacerbates autoresuscitation failure in 5-HT deficient rats (p<0.05) to a greater extent than in controls. Exposure to nicotine compounds the effects of 5-HT deficiency whereas neither 5-HT deficiency nor nicotine alone appears to affect the ability to autoresuscitate significantly. Furthermore, the recovery of eupnea and heart rate to baseline values following an anoxic event (which elicits an apnea accompanied by a bradycardia) is significantly delayed in 5-HT deficient rats treated with nicotine, making them more susceptible to failure of autoresuscitation (p<0.05). In younger (P5) and older (P12 – 13) pups, neither 5-HT deficiency nor nicotine exposure alone affects the ability to autoresuscitate; interestingly, the two factors combine...
Yeast Glutathione Reductase II. INTERACTION OF OXIDIZED AND 2-ELECTRON REDUCED ENZYME WITH REDUCED AND OXIDIZED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE

Abstract Interaction of NADPH and NADP+ with the oxidized (E) and 2-electron reduced (F) states of yeast glutathione reductase was studied at pH 7.6 and 25°. It is concluded that either NADPH or NADP+ can bind to both E and F. Spectrophotometric evidence is presented for formation of an F-NADPH complex with a stoichiometry of one NADPH per enzyme-bound FAD. The dissociation constant for this complex is 2.1 µm and its formation is complete in about 15 msec. Two previously unreported spectral species, considered to represent complexes between F and NADP+, result on anaerobic reduction of E by NADPH in the presence of high NADP+ concentrations. The more rapidly formed F-NADP+ complex slowly undergoes further spectral change to the second, "stable" species, F-NADPs+. Sufficiently high NADPH concentrations prevent formation of either F-NADP+ or F-NADPs+, suggesting that NADPH and NADP+ compete for a common site, probably the active site. The affinity of that site is greater for NADPH than for NADP+. Competitive inhibition by NADP+ of reduction of enzyme-bound FAD by NADH (studied by stopped flow methods) and of NADH-dependent GSSG reduction (studied by steady state kinetics) provide kinetic evidence for an E-NADP+ complex with a dissociation constant of 70 µm.
Application of the normalized weighting method for the connections between distribution transformers and a primary feeder

A new multi-objective formulation, named normalized weighting method, for the connections between distribution transformers and a primary feeder problem is presented. Six important objectives include power balance, feeder loss, voltage deviation, LCO current, zero and negative unbalance factor are all considered in this problem. These six objectives are of equal important to electric utility companies, but they are somewhat non-commensurable with each other. In view of this, a normalized weighting method for the multi-objective problem is proposed. It can provide a set of flexible solutions by following the intention of decision makers. To increase the realism, the load and operating constraints of the system are all considered. Comparative studies on actual Tai-power systems are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the phase load balancing and the improvement of operation efficiency for the proposed method.
New Avenues, New Outcomes: Nanoparticle Catalysis for Polymer Makeovers

In this chapter, nanocluster catalyzed modifications of organic and silicon based polymers are described. The tailoring of the polymeric templates was carried out under mild conditions and led to hybrid polymers in quantitative yields. Detailed characterization studies indicated that the integrity of the polymeric templates was not compromised during the functionalization process. The nanoparticle catalysis was found to be quite effective and highly selective. In most cases exclusive β-hydrosilylation products were obtained without any rearrangement or isomerization reactions. Detailed characterization and property profiling of the new hybrid polymers is also presented.
Marriages as assets? Real freedom and relational freedom

In Real Freedom for All, Philippe Van Parijs advocates a tax on wages. Jobs, he contends, constitute a scarce resource that -- like inherited wealth -- should be taxed in order to fund the highest possible basic income. The same logic, it would seem, could justify taxing other scarce goods -- like marriage partners. Van Parijs considers the analogy and concludes that marriage partners might indeed be sufficiently scarce to warrant taxation. But Van Parijs stops short of proposing a tax on marriage. This essay considers the possibility of a marriage tax. I conclude that marriage partners are not scarce in principle: that is, it is possible to craft first-best arrangements that guarantee everyone a fair chance to marry. But, given the legal and social conditions that today (unjustly) deny some the legal rights and economic resources they need to marry, a tax on those who can and do marry has some appeal.
Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) respond to yellow‐bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris) alarm calls

Individuals may obtain valuable information about the presence of predators by listening to heterospecific alarm signals. Most playback studies have demonstrated that similarly sized and taxonomically related species may respond to the calls of each other, but less work has been carried out to define these factors influence responsiveness to alarm signals. In theory, individuals should respond to calls from any species that provide information about the presence of important predators, regardless of body size or taxonomic relationship. However, size is often associated with vulnerability. Coyotes (Canis latrans) in the Rocky Mountains prey upon both mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris), which differ considerably in size, alarm vocalizations, and antipredator behavior. We conducted a playback experiment to see whether deer discriminated between marmot alarm calls and the non-alarm song of a common sympatric bird. We found that deer increased vigilance significantly more after hearing broadcast marmot alarm calls compared with the bird song. Interestingly, deer that were studied within 0.5 km of homes showed significantly greater discrimination than those studied farther from humans. Our results suggest relative size differences do not prevent interspecific communication and that common predators should generally drive the evolution of the ability to learn to respond to meaningful risk cues. As long as two species share a predator, it should benefit the other to respond to its alarm calls.
Can't Buy Me Progress: The Paradox of Military Innovation

The Diffusion of Military Power: Causes and Consequences for International Politics. By Michael C. Horowitz Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010. 273 pp., $26.95 paperback (ISBN-13: 978-0-691-14396-5). Why and how do states innovate militarily? More importantly, why and how do those innovations spread, and how might we predict when and where those innovations will be picked up and carried forward? These are some of the driving questions of the burgeoning field within security studies known as military innovation (Avant 1994, 2007; Rosen 1994; Kier 1997; Dombrowski and Gholz 2006; Brooks and Stanley 2007). Michael Horowitz's first book-length study of the topic sets a high bar and for the most part achieves the aims its author intended. A wide-ranging work that attempts to “[address] the broad puzzle of why some military innovations spread and influence international politics while others do not” (p. 3), The Diffusion of Military Power is centered around a new theoretical take on the transmission of military technology from one state to another. To support the theory, Horowitz employs historical case studies of carrier and battlefleet operations, as well as statistical treatments of nuclear policies and suicide terrorism. As such, it is difficult to easily recap the breadth of the book in the space available here. But its central premise is clear and logical, and it is worth summarizing. Horowitz crafts a new theoretical approach, which he calls “adoption-capacity theory,” to understand both the spread of military technology and its adoption by actors in the international arena. As defined by Horowitz (p. 209), adoption-capacity theory is …
Collagen synthesis in thoracic aortas of rabbits with epinephrine-thyroxine induced arteriosclerosis

Abstract Rabbits were treated with epinephrine-thyroxine for 4, 9 or 14 days. Collagen synthetic activity was estimated in the thoracic aorta of treated rabbits by measuring proline hydroxylase activity, total aortic collagen and 0.45 M NaCl soluble collagen. Proline hydroxylase activity increased after only 4 days of epinephrine-thyroxine treatment, while total collagen and soluble collagen per thoracic aorta were increased by 14 days. Expression of the data as a ratio of tissue weight or tissue protein did not give an accurate estimate of aortic collagen content since epinephrine-thyroxine treatment also caused an increase in thoracic aorta weight and total protein. The increase in proline hydroxylase activity suggests that changes in collagen synthetic rate represent an early biochemical defect which enhances the development of epinephrine-thyroxine induced aortic sclerosis.
Tipping the gatekeeper: S1P regulation of endothelial barrier function.

The lysophospholipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic signaling lipid present constitutively in plasma, and secreted locally at elevated concentrations at sites of inflammation. S1P maintains essential variable homeostatic functions in addition to inducing pathophysiology through the activation of five specific high-affinity G-protein-coupled receptors. Therefore, S1P can function as an extracellular rheostat regulating tonic and acutely evoked functions. Although S1P receptors can regulate lymphoid development and lymphocyte trafficking, and different opinions exist on the roles of receptor agonism and functional antagonism in regulating lymphocyte recirculation, this personal perspective highlights the pivotal control points regulated by constitutive and induced S1P receptor tone at vascular endothelial and lymphatic endothelial barriers, through which S1P agonism impacts on both innate and adaptive immunity. We also emphasize how specific, proof-of-concept chemical tools complement genetic approaches by enabling reversible perturbation of the S1P–S1P 1 receptor axis and, thus, clarifying in vivo mechanisms in the absence of developmental compensations.
Membrane fluidity profiles as deduced by saturation-recovery EPR measurements of spin-lattice relaxation times of spin labels

Abstract There are no easily obtainable EPR spectral parameters for lipid spin labels that describe profiles of membrane fluidity. The order parameter, which is most often used as a measure of membrane fluidity, describes the amplitude of wobbling motion of alkyl chains relative to the membrane normal and does not contain explicitly time or velocity. Thus, this parameter can be considered as nondynamic. The spin-lattice relaxation rate ( T 1 - 1 ) obtained from saturation-recovery EPR measurements of lipid spin labels in deoxygenated samples depends primarily on the rotational correlation time of the nitroxide moiety within the lipid bilayer. Thus, T 1 - 1 can be used as a convenient quantitative measure of membrane fluidity that reflects local membrane dynamics. T 1 - 1 profiles obtained for 1-palmitoyl-2-( n -doxylstearoyl)phosphatidylcholine ( n -PC) spin labels in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) membranes with and without 50 mol% cholesterol are presented in parallel with profiles of the rotational diffusion coefficient, R ⊥ , obtained from simulation of EPR spectra using Freed’s model. These profiles are compared with profiles of the order parameter obtained directly from EPR spectra and with profiles of the order parameter obtained from simulation of EPR spectra. It is shown that T 1 - 1 and R ⊥ profiles reveal changes in membrane fluidity that depend on the motional properties of the lipid alkyl chain. We find that cholesterol has a rigidifying effect only to the depth occupied by the rigid steroid ring structure and a fluidizing effect at deeper locations. These effects cannot be differentiated by profiles of the order parameter. All profiles in this study were obtained at X-band (9.5 GHz).
Marcus G. Langseth (1932-1997)

Marcus (Mark) G. Langseth, a pioneer in marine geothermal research, died at his home in Palisades, N.Y., on January 4, 1997, at the age of 64 after a brief illness. He is survived by his wife, Lillian, and two sisters. A memorial service held on January 11 at the Presbyterian Church in Palisades was attended by many of his colleagues, friends, and neighbors. Mark was associated with the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory for most of his 40-year career. Beginning as a research assistant and graduate student in the mid-1950s, he became a senior research scientist and an adjunct professor of geology at Columbia University. In 1993 he was appointed to an endowed position as a Palisades Geophysical Institute senior scientist.
TID—a translation invariant data structure for storing images

There are a number of techniques for representing pictorial information, among them are borders, arrays, and skeletons. Quadtrees are often used to store black and white picture information. A variety of techniques have been suggested for improving quadtrees, including linear quadtrees, QMATs (quadtree medial axis transform), forests of quadtrees, etc. The major purpose of these improvements is to reduce the storage required without greatly increasing the processing costs. All of these methods suffer from the fact that the structure of the underlying quadtree can be very sensitive to the placement of the origin.In this paper we discuss a translation invariant data structure (which we name TID) for storing and processing images based on the medial axis transform of the image that consists of all the maximal black squares contained in the image. We also discuss the performance of TID with other existing structures such as QMATs, forests of quadtrees, and normalized quadtrees. Some discussion on the union and intersection of images using TID is included.
Inheritance of Partial Resistance to White Mold in Inbred Populations of Dry Bean

Improving partial resistance to the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, the causal organism of white mold disease, is a major goal of many dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding programs. Our objective was to determine if selection for partial physiological resistance (PPR) or partial field resistance (PFR) among inbred lines would have potential for increasing resistance in dry bean. Three populations of F₂:₄ lines that originated from two hybridizations of snap and pinto bean, NY 5262 ✕ ‘Topaz’ and NY 5262 ✕ CO81-12034, and one between navy bean, ‘Bunsi’ ✕ D76125, were tested across two greenhouse and field environments for inheritance of PPR and PFR, respectively, to white mold disease. Each population consisted of ⊄50 F₂:₄ lines. The PPR trait was indicated by lesion length (LL) measured on inoculated excised stems obtained from 28-d-old plants (28-d assay), and PFR was evaluated in field trials with a disease incidence index (DII). Means for LL and DII, combined across 28-d assays and field environments, were normally distributed (P > 0.01), indicating that no discrete segregation classes occurred. Transgressive segregation was observed for both LL and DII for each population. Estimates of genetic variance (σ²g) for LL in two populations and DII in each population were significant (>2 SE). Heritability estimates for LL (0.27, 0.38, and 0.66) were lower than DII (0.77, 0.58, and 0.70) for each population. Low genetic correlations between LL and DII (0.37**, 0.16, and 0.05) for each population suggested that selection for both traits is warranted. The significant estimate for σ²g, and high estimates for heritability and expected genetic gain for reduced LL and DII, indicated that progress from selection among inbred lines of dry bean for improved partial resistance to white mold could be made. Contribution of the North Dakota State Agric. Exp. Stn. Paper no. 1951. Partial fulfillment of senior author's Ph.D. dissertation. Research was supported in part by grants from the Quaker Oats Co.
Transaortic Delivery of the Transmitral Lesion in a Complete Maze Procedure

A 68-year-old hypertensive diabetic woman with chronic atrial fibrillation presented with progressive congestive symptomatology. She was diagnosed with severe aortic stenosis, moderate mitral regurgitation, and critical right coronary artery stenosis. In addition to coronary revascularization and bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement, she underwent a mitral valve repair and a complete cryoMaze procedure through a transaortic approach. This technique obviates a separate left atriotomy for the mitral repair and Maze procedure. It affords excellent exposure, while reducing cross clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass time as well as avoiding the potential sequelae of bleeding and traction injuries resulting from a left atriotomy.
Valuing the lead time of periodic forecasts in dynamic production systems

Abstract The question addressed is, how does the value of climate forecasts change as a function of when they are received? This value is highly sensitive to the expectations of the decision maker at the beginning of the planning horizon. A procedure is developed which allows a decision maker to anticipate the issuance of forecasts in a dynamic programming framework. This procedure is contrasted with a previous methodology in which the decision maker was unaware that a climate forecast would be issued until the forecast was received. Results show that using the ‘unaware’ methodology may overstate the value of receiving forecasts earlier.
A 90mW/GFlop 3.4GHz Reconfigurable Fused/Continuous Multiply-Accumulator for Floating-Point and Integer Operands in 65nm

This paper describes energy efficient and reconfigurable fused/continuous Multiply-Accumulator (MAC) architecture for single-precision Floating-point and 16-bit signed integer operands. This eight-stage pipelined and single-cycle throughput MAC design contains a bit level pipelined multiplier, followed by fast sparse-tree adder and single cycle accumulator loop with delayed normalization logic. Operation driven energy control is achieved using dynamic clock and fine grained power gating techniques. Power gating is employed in 98% of design to save 79% of leakage power in idle mode, at 1.2V supply and 110C. The use of fully shared logic in the multiplier, accumulator and normalization blocks for different operations enables a compact design of 0.54mm2 containing 117K transistors in eight-metal 65nm CMOS technology. The 15-FO4 design provides 6.8GFLOPS of performance with total energy efficiency of 90mW/GFLOP at 1.2V and 3.4GHz operation.
Changing Bilingual Self-Perceptions from Early Adolescence to Early Adulthood: Empirical Evidence from a Mixed-Methods Case Study

In the emerging tradition of language socialization research, this study examines the changing bilingual self-perceptions of three children, identical twin girls and their older brother, from early adolescence through early adulthood. The children were reared in a predominantly French-speaking home in south Louisiana by French/English bilingual parents, but spent summers in French-speaking Quebec. When the children were aged 12;10 and 10;10 respectively, they completed two author-constructed instruments: one which allowed self-reporting of various dimensions of their French-proficiency, and the other designed to gauge their perceptions of their bilingualism and biculturalism. At two subsequent intervals, approximately five years and eight years later, respectively, the subjects completed the same two instruments. The children's responses at Time1, Time2 and Time3 were compared and analyzed to gauge how their perceptions of their proficiency in French had changed over the course of their adolescence. Both paired-sampled t-tests and correlations were generated between and among the children at Time1, Time2, and Time3. The author's ethnographic field notes, interviews with the children, and a quantitative measure of French preference are used to help interpret the results. In general, the children valued their bilingualism and biculturalism much more as older adolescents and young adults than as younger adolescents. This seems to be at least partly the result of the greater exertion of peer pressure in early adolescence, which in the US venue in particular did not place high value on bilingualism. The children also exhibit greater bilingual self-confidence and diminished self-consciousness as older adolescents, as they moved toward identity-achievement.
Effect of Achromycin ointment on healing following periodontal surgery.

This study evaluated the effect of applying 3% Achromycin on healing following periodontal surgery. Twelve patients participated, and 15 contralateral sides with similar disease were compared. The parameters assessed included amounts of gingival crevice fluid quantitated with the Periotron, gingival bleeding tendencies, mobility scores and attachment levels. No significant differences in bleeding tendency, mobility or attachment levels were found. Significant changes were noted on amounts of gingival crevicular fluid, however. The amounts of gingival crevicular fluid collected were significantly lower on the side not treated with Achromycin throughout the observation period. Applying 3% Achromycin did not have a beneficial effect on the healing of periodontal wounds. Whether the application of an antibiotic on sutured flaps limited the bacterial contamination of the gingival tissues through a “wicking effect” of the silk suture material, or if this bacterial contamination had any consequence on gingival h...
Spatial and temporal variability in urban fine particulate matter concentrations.

Identification of hot spots for urban fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations is complicated by the significant contributions from regional atmospheric transport and the dependence of spatial and temporal variability on averaging time. We focus on PM2.5 patterns in New York City, which includes significant local sources, street canyons, and upwind contributions to concentrations. A literature synthesis demonstrates that long-term (e.g., one-year) average PM2.5 concentrations at a small number of widely-distributed monitoring sites would not show substantial variability, whereas short-term (e.g., 1-h) average measurements with high spatial density would show significant variability. Statistical analyses of ambient monitoring data as a function of wind speed and direction reinforce the significance of regional transport but show evidence of local contributions. We conclude that current monitor siting may not adequately capture PM2.5 variability in an urban area, especially in a mega-city, reinforcing the necessity of dispersion modeling and methods for analyzing high-resolution monitoring observations. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A new lifetime diagnostic system for photovoltaic materials

Abstract We have developed a new minority-carrier lifetime measurement apparatus for measuring the recombination lifetime in semiconductors. We describe the technique as transmission modulated photoconductive decay (TMPCD). This is a contactless, non-invasive technique that produces transient photoconductive lifetime data. The measurement procedure is very sensitive to small signals and has a superior time response for measurement of short carrier lifetimes. This technology has several advantages over resonant coupled photoconductive decay (RCPCD) and transient microwave reflection photoconductive decay (μPCD). The response time advantage provides a capability to measure very short lifetimes in thin film materials, such as nanocrystalline silicon films and nanowire composites. This is accomplished while maintaining a sensitivity that is at least comparable to RCPCD. The new technique has been successfully applied to silicon wafers, compound semiconductor thin films, nano-crystalline silicon films, and II–VI nanowires.
The Endomorphism Ring of a Localized Coherent Functor

Abstract LetCbe a commutative artinian ring and Λ an artinC-algebra. The category of coherent additive functorsA: mod-Λ → Ab on the finitely presented right Λ-modules will be denoted by Ab(Λ). This category is equivalent to the free abelian category over the ring Λ. If S 0 ⊆ Ab(Λ) is the Serre subcategory of the finite length objects of Ab(Λ) andA ∈ Ab(Λ), it is proved that the endomorphism ring EndAb(Λ)/ S 0 A S 0of the localized objectA S 0is a locally artinC-algebra. This is used to show that the Krull-Gabriel dimension of the category Ab(Λ) cannot equal 1. In particular, this holds for finite rings.
Pharmacokinetics of Alcohol Following Single Low Doses to Fasted and Nonfasted Subjects

The absorption and elimination characteristics of alcohol have been studied in healthy fasted and nonfasted human volunteers using low single doses. In non-fasted subjects, carbohydrate reduced overall alcohol bioavailability by about 96 percent, compared to 90 per cent for fat and 75 per cent for protein. Inhibition of absorption in nonfasted subjects appeared to be due to less alcohol being available for absorption rather than a reduced absorption rate. Serum alcohol levels in fasted subjects were interpreted in terms of both first-order and zero-order absorption followed by first-order elimination. Of the two proposed models, that utilizing zero-order absorption provided a marginally better fit to observed data.
A comparison of tool management strategies and part selection rules for a flexible manufacturing system

An important element in the successful operation of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) is the management of the tooling component. This paper reports on one aspect of tool management for FMS operations. Four tool allocation and scheduling strategies are compared in the presence of three part selection rules through a simulation study of a five-machine FMS with an automated tool handling system. The tool allocation strategies are similar to those used in industry while the part selection rules are synthesized from the literature on FMS scheduling under tooling constraints. The use of different tooling strategies produces significantly different outcomes in FMS performance.
Feynman-like diagrams compatible with duality. I: Planar diagrams

We propose a perturbative approach in which the Veneziano representation plays the role of a Born term. We interpret Veneziano's formula as describing only the contribution of one-particle intermediate states. We then add to it the contribution of many-particle intermediate states by means of Feynman-like diagrams. The rules for writing the integrals corresponding to any planar diagram are given. Crossing symmetry, duality, and Reggeization are explicitly taken into account. We find the asymptotic behavior of each Feynman-like diagram. We sum them and prove that the whole amplitude has Regge behavior. The new trajectory, however, is no longer linear, and it incorporates correctly the elastic unitarity constraint. We argue that this approach will ultimately provide a framework in which generalized unitarity (in Cutkosky's sense) can be imposed.
All-Arthroscopic Suprapectoral Versus Open Subpectoral Tenodesis of the Long Head of the Biceps Brachii

Background:Pathologic changes of the long head of the biceps tendon are a recognized source of shoulder pain in adults that can be treated with tenotomy or tenodesis when nonoperative measures are not effective. It is not clear whether arthroscopic or open biceps tenodesis has a clinical advantage.Hypothesis:Pain relief and shoulder function after all-arthroscopic suprapectoral biceps tenodesis are similar to outcomes after an open subpectoral tenodesis.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:A prospective database was reviewed for patients undergoing an all-arthroscopic suprapectoral or open subpectoral biceps tenodesis. Adult patients with a minimum 18-month follow-up were included. Patients undergoing a concomitant rotator cuff or labral repair were excluded. The groups were matched to age within 3 years, sex, and time to follow-up within 3 months. Pain improvement, development of a “Popeye” deformity, muscle cramping, postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores, satisfact...
Coulomb break-up and possible evidence for cluster effects in some light nuclei

The possibility of obtaining information about cluster structures in light nuclei from Coulomb break-up experiments is discussed. A few favorable cases are pointed out. A preliminary estimate of the break-up cross section of7Li into alpha particles and tritons and of7Be into alpha particles and3He in the field of a heavy target nucleus is given. The need for more experiments as well as more refined calculations is stressed.
Aging and hearing loss: Race and gender differences in African Americans and Euro‐Americans

Hearing ability declines in the same manner for all people as they age. At least, that is what most people believe. This article examines the roles race and gender play in aging and declining hearing ability among African Americans and Euro‐Americans.
Paying to prevent HIV infection in young women

Between a quarter and a third of young women in sub-Saharan Africa are infected with HIV by the time they reach their early 20s. Structural factors such as poor education poverty and gender and power inequalities are important determinants of young womens vulnerability to HIV infection. However until now no rigorously assessed intervention targeting this group has significantly reduced HIV infection and no intervention that targets structural factors has directly affected HIV infection. In The Lancet Sarah Baird and colleagues report the results of a randomized controlled trial done with adolescent girls in rural Malawi examining the effects of a cash transfer program on risk of HIV infection. The investigators report that schoolgirls who received monthly cash payments of varying amounts were significantly less likely than girls who did not receive payments to be infected with HIV (12% vs 30%; OR 036 95% CI 014-091) and HSV-2 (07% vs 30%; OR 024 009-065) to have an older male partner (05% vs 25%; OR 020 007-059) and to have sexual intercourse once per week (30% vs 65%; OR 046 026-082) at follow-up (18 months for biological outcomes and 12 months for behavioral outcomes).
Testing computational toxicology models with phytochemicals

Computational toxicology employing quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling is an evidence-based predictive method being evaluated by regulatory agencies for risk assessment and scientific decision support for toxicological endpoints of interest such as rodent carcinogenicity. Computational toxicology is being tested for its usefulness to support the safety assessment of drug-related substances (e.g. active pharmaceutical ingredients, metabolites, impurities), indirect food additives, and other applied uses of value for protecting public health including safety assessment of environmental chemicals. The specific use of QSAR as a chemoinformatic tool for estimating the rodent carcinogenic potential of phytochemicals present in botanicals, herbs, and natural dietary sources is investigated here by an external validation study, which is the most stringent scientific method of measuring predictive performance. The external validation statistics for predicting rodent carcinogenicity of 43 phytochemicals, using two computational software programs evaluated at the FDA, are discussed. One software program showed very good performance for predicting non-carcinogens (high specificity), but both exhibited poor performance in predicting carcinogens (sensitivity), which is consistent with the design of the models. When predictions were considered in combination with each other rather than based on any one software, the performance for sensitivity was enhanced, However, Chi-square values indicated that the overall predictive performance decreases when using the two computational programs with this particular data set. This study suggests that complementary multiple computational toxicology software need to be carefully selected to improve global QSAR predictions for this complex toxicological endpoint.
A linear complexity intersection algorithm for discrete element simulation of arbitrary geometries

We present an algorithm for contact resolution that is valid for a wide variety of polygonal two dimensional shapes and is of linear computational complexity. The algorithm is designed for use in discrete element analysis of granular and multibody systems exhibiting discontinuous behaviour. Contact detection usually consists of a spatial sorting phase and a contact resolution phase. The spatial sorting phase seeks to avoid an all‐to‐all body comparison by culling the number of objects which are potential contactors of a given object. The contact resolution phase resolves the details of the contact between two given objects. The algorithm presented here (called DFR) addresses the contact resolution phase and is applicable to convex geometries and to a restricted set of concave geometries. Examination of the algorithm establishes an upper bound linear computational complexity, of order O(N), with respect to the number of points (N) used to define the object boundary. The DFR algorithm is combined with a modified heapsort algorithm for spatial sorting of M bodies which has complexity O(M log M) and is applied to a baseline granular simulation problem to test its efficiency.
NON-RENAL INVOLVEMENT IN HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME

Over the paat several years hemolytic uremic syndrome has been considered an intravascular coagulopathy which is localized to the kidneys. The clinical outcome and histopathologic findings in 12 children who presented with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and azotemia are the basis of this report. Renal failure was recognized early and appropriate therapy instituted in all cases. Seven patients recovered completely after a short period of oliguria. Two patients had severe renal failure and required bilateral nephrectomy for control of HBP: both have been transplanted and have normal renal function one and three years later. Three patients died within 8 days of diagnosis: all 3 had been anuric with unresponsive seizures despite early dialysis. Histologic examination in these 3 pts revealed fibrin thrombi and/or infarcts in brain, colon, heart, liver, thyroid, lymph node, and adrenal glands. Ischemic colitis and brain infarcts were notably prevalent. With early and appropriate therapy for renal failure, the mortality in hemolytic uremic syndrome may be determined by the degree of non-renal involvement, and supportive care may unmask previously unappreciated systemic manifestations of hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Effects of plasmapheresis and autotransfusion on complement recovery in dogs.

To study selectively the dilutional aspects of severe blood loss on the serum complement system, we developed an animal model consisting of isovolumic phlebotomy and reinfusion of washed autologous erythrocytes. This model avoided hypoperfusion, ischemia, and transfusion of foreign antigen. We measured total serum protein, C3 antigen, total complement hemolytic activity, and alternative pathway hemolytic activity. Each of the first three parameters dropped to 55% of initial value (P < 0.005) by the end of the phlebotomy/reinfusion procedure and returned to normal levels by Day 1 or 2. C3 antigen and total complement hemolytic activity then rose to 150% of normal by Day 4 and gradually returned to normal within 2 weeks. Alternative pathway activity, by contrast, fell by more than 80% (P < 0.005) within the first 6 hr, recovered by Day 4, and gradually rose to about 140% of normal by Day 21. Trauma patients treated for heavy blood loss who suffer depletion of hemolytic complement during the first few hours may be at greater risk of infection due to immune deficiencies. The implication of the results presented here is that the alternative pathway may be particularly weakened during blood loss and transfusion by simple dilution in addition to the effects of processes omitted in this model. Knowledge of the kinetics of complement recovery, independent of other effects usually accompanying trauma, may be helpful in determining whether these patients might benefit from exogenous manipulation of the complement system.