cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Marriage and Health in the Transition to Adulthood: Evidence for African Americans in the Add Health Study

This article explores the relationships among early marriage (before age 26 years), cohabitation, and health for African Americans and Whites during the transition to adulthood using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). The study examines three categories of health outcomes relevant to young adulthood: physical health, mental health, and health risk behaviors. Lagged dependent variable models are used to examine the health effects of early marriage and cohabitation accounting for potential health selection into unions. The results indicate that early marriage by young adults does not have protective effects for African Americans; the authors also find more negative effects for African American men than for women. There are mixed results for Whites with some protective effects of marriage for binge drinking. Early marriage for African Americans and Whites is associated with increased body mass index. Cohabitation is uniformly associated with negative health outcomes for all ra...
Ultrasound Registration of the Bone Surface for Surgical Navigation

Objective: To allow non-invasive registration of the bone surface for computer-assisted surgery (CAS), this investigation reports the development and evaluation of intraoperative registration using 2D ultrasound (US) images. This approach employs automatic segmentation of the bone surface reflection from US images tagged with the 3D position to enable the application of CAS to minimally invasive procedures. Methods: The US-based registration method was evaluated in comparison to point-based registration, which is the predominant method in current clinical use. The absolute accuracy of the US-based registration was determined using a phantom pelvis, with fiducial registration providing the ground truth. The relative accuracy was determined by an intraoperative study comparing the US registration to the point-based registration obtained as part of the HipNavm experimental protocol. Results: The phantom pelvis study demonstrated equivalent accuracy between point- and USbased registration under in vitro conditions. In the intraoperative study, the US-based registration was sufficiently consistent with the point-based registration to warrant larger-scale clinical trials of this non-invasive registration method. Conclusion: Ultrasound-based registration eliminates the need for physical contact with the bone surface as in point-based registration. As a result, non-invasive registration could fully unlock the potential of computer-assisted surgery, enabling development of the next generation of minimdy invasive surgical procedures. Comp Aid Surg 8:l-16 (2003). 02003 CAS Journal, LLC
Tapping the Benefits of the Living Case Methodology: A Case Study

The traditional case methodology has been used effectively in business education since 1921. Although this method of instruction promotes critical thinking, problem solving and communication skills, there are inherent disadvantages associated with it. In an attempt to address these disadvantages, the researchers utilized the living case methodology in a capstone senior strategy course. In the living case environment, students became active participants in the case. They interact with the decision makers of the company to gather the data, analyze it and determine the relevancy of the data in the decision making process. The concluding comments of the business owner as well as those of the instructor add insight to the advantages of the living case methodology as an instructional tool.
Early Detection is Key: Is Handheld Spirometry the Answer?

risk factors for bronchiolitis obliterans (n 1⁄4 30) and cutaneous sclerosis (n 1⁄4 68) are also described. Collectively, these studies underscore the incidence of aGVHD in the burgeoning post-HCT population, identify risk factors, and further our understanding of these disease processes that drive morbidity and mortality in this population. Importantly, this work confirms that improving survival in this population requires improving the way we manage and treat GVHD.
Models and Simulations as a Service: Exploring the Use of Galaxy for Delivering Computational Models

We describe the ways in which Galaxy, a web-based reproducible research platform, can be used for web-based sharing of complex computational models. Galaxy allows users to seamlessly customize and run simulations on cloud computing resources, a concept we refer to as Models and Simulations as a Service (MaSS). To illustrate this application of Galaxy, we have developed a tool suite for simulating a high spatial-resolution model of the cardiac Ca(2+) spark that requires supercomputing resources for execution. We also present tools for simulating models encoded in the SBML and CellML model description languages, thus demonstrating how Galaxy's reproducible research features can be leveraged by existing technologies. Finally, we demonstrate how the Galaxy workflow editor can be used to compose integrative models from constituent submodules. This work represents an important novel approach, to our knowledge, to making computational simulations more accessible to the broader scientific community.
Field Experiments for Control of the Beet Leafhopper in Idaho, 1936–37

The beet leafhopper, Etdettix tenellus (Bak.), is the vector of curly top, a disease of sugar beets, beans, tomatoes, cucurbits and other crops. This insect breeds in desert areas, where it completes the early-summer generation on the spring annuals. These annuals mature about the time the spring generation is developed, and the insect migrates to suitable summer host plants, which are found in certain cultivated and abandoned-farm areas.
Differentials and Elementary Calculus

(1989). Differentials and Elementary Calculus. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 52-53.
Radical Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma Its Contemporary Role Related to Histologic Type, Tumor Size, and Nodal Status: A Retrospective Study

Objectives: Staging for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) depends on tumor size and the status of the regional lymph nodes. Although lymph node involvement by tumor yields the most accurate staging and prognostic information in patients with carcinomas of various genitourinary organs, the role of lymph node sampling (LNS) in patients with RCC to definitively establish nodal metastases remains unsettled. Methods: In this retrospective study of 399 patients with RCC treated by total nephrectomy, 115 cases were subjected to lymph node dissection. Results: The corresponding primary tumors averaged larger than 8 cm. Twenty-nine showed positive lymph nodes (25%). The present review confirms that primary tumor size is a key indicator of nodal involvement. Clear cell and papillary tumors larger than 4 cm involve lymph nodes more commonly than other types of RCC. Sarcomatoid differentiation occurred in all major cell types and existed in numbers too few to predict the likelihood of nodal metastases. Conclusions: LNS in RCC for staging purposes may be warranted based on tumor size (>4 cm) as determined by imaging as well as histologic cell type, the latter suggesting a selective role for preoperative fine needle aspiration or core biopsy.
A soluble ecto-ATPase from Tetrahymena thermophila: purification and similarity to the membrane-bound ecto-ATPase of smooth muscle.

Abstract For the first time, a soluble, dedicated E-type ecto-ATPase has been identified and purified. This fully soluble ecto-ATPase is released into the growth media of the single-celled eukaryote, Tetrahymena, at a constant rate over time (independent of the growth phase of the cells) and it has characteristics similar to those previously described for the membrane-bound ecto-enzyme in Tetrahymena. It was purified by a combination of ion-exchange, size exclusion, and affinity chromatography and nondenaturing gel electrophoresis. Its molecular weight was determined to be approximately 66,000 Da by denaturing gel electrophoresis and approximately 69,000 Da by size exclusion chromatography of the native form. The purified soluble enzyme displays the general characteristics of a dedicated E-type ecto-ATPase such as Ca 2+ or Mg 2+ dependence, hydrolysis of ATP and other nucleoside triphosphates (but not nucleoside diphosphates) and insensitivity to common ATPase inhibitors (vanadate, azide, ouabain, N -ethylmaleimide and p -chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate). It was further shown to be immunologically similar (by polyclonal antibodies) to both the membrane-bound ectoATPase of chicken gizzard smooth muscle (66 kDa) and a 66-kDa protein in Tetrahymena plasma membranes. The ecto-ATPase enzyme activity was also shown to be present in both the body plasma membrane and ciliary plasma membrane fractions but the body membrane had slightly higher specific activities. We propose that this ecto-ATPase of Tetrahymena may play a role in inactivating purinergic signals, such as in their chemorepulsion responses to external GTP and ATP. It may also play a minor role in extracellular nucleotide scavenging.
Investigation of Lifestyle Disease among Children and Adolescents in Changping District of Beijing City

[Objective] To understand the prevalence of lifestyle disease among children and adolescents,and provide scientific evidence for developing health education for children and adolescents and three-degree prevention measures for chronic disease.[Methods] Primary and secondary school students(aged from 7 to 18)were surveyed.Survey indicators were height,weight,systolic pressure,diastolic pressure,fasting blood glucose and blood biochemical indicators including triglyceride,total cholesterol,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,Low density lipoprotein cholesterol.[Results] A total of 4247 children and adolescents were surveyed,including 2090 female and 2157 male.Prevalence of hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia and overweight were 30.02%,0.24%o,2.19%,13.47%,2.73% respectively.The prevalence of hypertension,IFG,dyslipidemia and overweight showed an upward trend to increase with age(χ2=67.48,P0.05;χ2=42.32,P0.01;χ2=21.24,P0.05;χ2=19.23,P0.05).[Conclusion] The major lifestyle diseases among children and adolescents in Changping District are hypertension,IFG,overweight and dyslipidemia.Lifestyle disease is not the inevitable outcome of social improvement.If prevention and control work were done scientific,the prevalence of various lifestyle diseases can be controlled in low leve.
Optical analysis of the fetal electroencephalogram.

This paper describes current instrumental methods of processing electroencephalogram data in order to assess possible central effects on the fetus during labor. Methods described include data reduction operations with an optical system and video output display.
A “new water culture” on the Iberian Peninsula? Evaluating epistemic community impact on water resources management policy

It is widely assumed that science should contribute to environmental policymaking. The epistemic communities framework provides a set of hypotheses regarding the conditions under which experts may serve as a conduit for such knowledge. An important critique of this approach, however, is that it is more often used metaphorically than empirically—analysts seldom identify such communities firmly on the basis of the fourfold belief system that defines them in the literature before proceeding with an analysis of policy impact. This article applies the defining components of the belief system set forth originally by Peter Haas to identify an epistemic community on the Iberian Peninsula promoting a “new water culture.” Once an empirical identification of the community is established, the article seeks to answer the questions: Have experts promoting a “new water culture” influenced water resources management policy locally, nationally, and/or transnationally? Under what conditions is impact more or less likely?
Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis: Is surgery always indicated?

This disease is usually benign, but evidence of necrosis or pneumoperitoneum warrants immediate surgery.
SVAPP methodology: A predictive security vulnerability assessment modeling method

Recent intentional attacks on the chemical industries in Middle East and Algeria have greatly influenced the risk management mindset. Nominally, probabilistic risk assessment and management has focused on safety and unintentional acts in the chemical and petroleum industry. The focus now needs to be broadened to include intentional acts that will inflict damage on a chemical facility. The proposed Security Vulnerability Assessment, Prevention and Prediction (SVAPP) methodology utilizes an existing safety barrier approach and adapts it to suit the security facet. In total, seven barriers are proposed of which five barriers are utilized to prevent or deter an attack with two overseeing barriers. The five barriers that help deter the security attack are external, internal, interior, critical, and the fail-safe barrier. To reduce the effect of uncertainty in the model, a Bayesian updating technique is proposed along with a predictive capability. This is a key aspect of the model because; with any new information as it accumulates, the model can be updated to better reflect the updated conditions. To illustrate how the model can be executed, a case study is conducted on a figurative liquefied natural gas treating plant. The goal of this work is to raise awareness for the development of security vulnerability assessment related databases in the chemical plants so that they can be used for continually updating the much needed probabilistic security vulnerability assessment in the prevailing environment.
Captopril in the treatment of congestive heart failure.

This 3-part discussion of captopril, the first oral angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, focuses on the clinical use and superiority of this agent to standard treatments and the new observations that use can improve the overall poor survival associated with heart failure. Today, as in the past, treatment of CHF includes digoxin and diuretics. Vasodilators have been relegated by some to the role of supplementing therapeutic regimens when patients remain symptomatic. Recently, controlled studies have shown that the introduction and supplementation of therapeutic regimens with ACE inhibitions and specifically captopril is associated with substantial clinical benefits: Symptoms are reduced as hemodynamics and exercise capacity improve, metabolic derangements (including fluid retention, potassium and magnesium loss and sympathetic nervous activation) are reduced with resultant favourable effects on arrhythmia frequency and finally the newest and most dramatic observation of improved survival. This review will briefly summarize these developments and assist in the clinically important aspects of this therapy for practicing physicians. Guidelines for the clinical use of captopril: In patients with confirmed dilated cardiomyopathy, captopril improves stroke volume in response to afterload reduction, but in volume-contracted patients vasodilation may be associated with hypotension. Therefore, prior to initiating captopril, the diuretic dosage should be reduced, particularly in low serum sodium concentration states if intravascular volume is depleted. Potassium supplements should be stopped due to the expected decrease of aldosterone production and improved potassium retention. Initial therapy should be started with a low captopril dosage (2 to 3 times 6.25 mg/day), maintenance dosages are 25 or 50 mg b.i.d. or t.i.d. Superiority to other vasodilator drugs and use in mild cases: In studies of acute and chronic CHF, captopril improves hemodynamics, exercise tolerance, and reduces symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Southern Ladies and Suffragists: Julia Ward Howe and Women’s Rights at the 1884 New Orleans World Fair

Historians have long been fascinated by World's Fairs, writing about their rise and decline, and how such events represented race, economic progress and visions of empire. In Southern Ladies and Su...
Synthesis, Characterization, and Photopolymerization of Polyisobutylene Phenol (Meth)acrylate Macromers

Polyisobutylene (PIB) phenol (meth)acrylates were produced by reacting di- or triphenol-terminated PIB with (meth)acryloyl chloride. 1H NMR, GPC, and MALDI-TOF MS characterization showed that meth(acrylate) end-functionality was 2 and 3, respectively, and that targeted molecular weights and relatively low polydispersities were achieved. Comparative aliphatic PIB triol triacrylate was prepared by end-quenching living polyisobutylene with 4-phenoxy-1-butyl acrylate. A photopolymerization study of PIB diphenol di(meth)acrylates with Mn about 3000 g/mol, PIB triphenol tri(meth)acrylates with Mn about 4000 and 10 000 g/mol, and control aliphatic PIB triol triacrylate with Mn about 10 000 g/mol was conducted. Darocur 1173 and Irgacure 819 and 651 photoinitiators were studied, and FTIR reaction monitoring showed that Darocur 1173 afforded the highest rate of photopolymerization and final conversion, apparently due to its higher solubility in PIB. At Mn ≅ 4000 g/mol, the rate of photopolymerization and conversion...
Using Social Networks to Aid Homeless Shelters: Dynamic Influence Maximization under Uncertainty

This paper presents HEALER, a software agent that recommends sequential intervention plans for use by homeless shelters, who organize these interventions to raise awareness about HIV among homeless youth. HEALER's sequential plans (built using knowledge of social networks of homeless youth) choose intervention participants strategically to maximize influence spread, while reasoning about uncertainties in the network. While previous work presents influence maximizing techniques to choose intervention participants, they do not address three real-world issues: (i) they completely fail to scale up to real-world sizes; (ii) they do not handle deviations in execution of intervention plans; (iii) constructing real-world social networks is an expensive process. HEALER handles these issues via four major contributions: (i) HEALER casts this influence maximization problem as a POMDP and solves it using a novel planner which scales up to previously unsolvable real-world sizes; (ii) HEALER allows shelter officials to modify its recommendations, and updates its future plans in a deviation-tolerant manner; (iii) HEALER constructs social networks of homeless youth at low cost, using a Facebook application. Finally, (iv) we show hardness results for the problem that HEALER solves. HEALER will be deployed in the real world in early Spring 2016 and is currently undergoing testing at a homeless shelter.
Effects of contact network structure on epidemic transmission trees: implications for data required to estimate network structure

Understanding the dynamics of disease spread is key to developing effective interventions to control or prevent an epidemic. The structure of the network of contacts over which the disease spreads has been shown to have a strong influence on the outcome of the epidemic, but an open question remains as to whether it is possible to estimate contact network features from data collected in an epidemic. The approach taken in this paper is to examine the distributions of epidemic outcomes arising from epidemics on networks with particular structural features to assess whether that structure could be measured from epidemic data and what other constraints might be needed to make the problem identifiable. To this end, we vary the network size, mean degree, and transmissibility of the pathogen, as well as the network feature of interest: clustering, degree assortativity, or attribute-based preferential mixing. We record several standard measures of the size and spread of the epidemic, as well as measures that describe the shape of the transmission tree in order to ascertain whether there are detectable signals in the final data from the outbreak. The results suggest that there is potential to estimate contact network features from transmission trees or pure epidemic data, particularly for diseases with high transmissibility or for which the relevant contact network is of low mean degree. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human Telomeric G-Quadruplex Structures and G-Quadruplex-Interactive Compounds

G-quadruplexes are noncanonical secondary structures formed in DNA sequences containing consecutive runs of guanines. It has been shown that the 3' G-rich single-stranded overhangs of human telomeres can form G-quadruplex structures, and the human telomeric DNA G-quadruplexes are considered attractive targets for anticancer drugs. G-quadruplex-interactive compounds have been shown to inhibit telomerase access as well as telomere capping. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful method in determining the G-quadruplex structures under physiologically relevant conditions. We present the NMR and biophysical methodology used in our research group for the study of G-quadruplex structures in physiologically relevant solution and their interactions with small-molecule compounds.
Estimation of effects of thermal fluctuations in graphoepitaxy DSA of cylinder-forming block copolymers

The effects of thermal fluctuations in graphoepitaxy DSA are studied using simulations based on the self-consistent field theory (SCFT) model. The known method of using an external potential field to displace or deform the DSA cylinder is employed to study the dependencies of the fluctuations of the position and the size of the DSA cylinder as a function of the confinement well diameter. An explanation to local minima of these dependencies is proposed. A new and faster method to estimate the effects of fluctuations in DSA based on a family of transformations of SCFT potential fields is described and tested.
Characterization of the Teledyne CHROMA HgCdTe detector for imaging spectrometers

Imaging spectroscopy places high demands upon detector performance. The dynamic range, linearity, and sensitivity must be maintained at high frame rates, and artifacts must be minimized across large focal plane array (FPA) formats. In this contribution, we discuss the Teledyne CHROMA HgCdTe FPA in the context of imaging spectrometer applications. The FPA was characterized in a laboratory thermal-vacuum chamber that allowed the read noise, dark current, well capacity, linearity, and crosstalk to be measured. Results are presented across a range of operating temperatures and pixel clock rates. Additionally, the outcomes of radiation testing to 100 krad TID are discussed. The results of these characterizations are critical to the designs and performance predictions of future imaging spectrometers utilizing the HgCdTe CHROMA FPA.
The history and current status of glyphosate

Glyphosate is the only herbicide to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS). It is a high use rate, non-selective herbicide that translocates primarily to metabolic sinks, killing meristematic tissues away from the application site. Its phloem-mobile properties and slow action in killing weeds allow the herbicide to move throughout the plant to kill all meristems, making it effective for perennial weed control. Since commercialization in 1974, its use has grown to dominate the herbicide market. Much of its use is on transgenic, glyphosate-resistant crops (GRCs), which have been the dominant transgenic crops worldwide. GRCs with glyphosate provided the most effective and inexpensive weed management technology in history for a decade or more. However, as a consequence of the rapid increase in glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds, the effectiveness of glyphosate use in GRCs is declining. Critics have claimed that glyphosate-treated GRCs have altered mineral nutrition and increased susceptibility to plant pathogens because of glyphosate's ability to chelate divalent metal cations, but the complete resistance of GRCs to glyphosate indicates that chelating metal cations do not contribute to the herbicidal activity or significantly affect mineral nutrition. The rates of increases in yields of maize, soybean, and cotton in the USA have been unchanged after high adoption rates of GRCs. Glyphosate is toxic to some plant pathogens, and thereby can act as a fungicide in GRCs. Ultra-low doses of glyphosate stimulate plant growth in glyphosate-susceptible plants by unknown mechanisms. Despite rapid and widespread increases in GR weeds, glyphosate use has not decreased. However, as GR weeds increase, adoption of alternative technologies will eventually lead to decreased use. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Numerical Studies of Stochastic Optimization Algorithms with Averaging

Abstract This work is concerned with numerical studies of stochastic approximation/ optimization algorithms with averaging. Several classes of algorithms are examined. Numerical experiments are carried out. Comparisons are made among different algorithms. It is shown that the averaging algorithms display better asymptotic behavior and produce nicer results. The smoothing effect is particularly pronounced.
Quality Early Education and Child Care From Birth to Kindergarten

High-quality early education and child care for young children improves physical and cognitive outcomes for the children and can result in enhanced school readiness. Preschool education can be viewed as an investment (especially for at-risk children), and studies show a positive return on that investment. Barriers to high-quality early childhood education include inadequate funding and staff education as well as variable regulation and enforcement. Steps that have been taken to improve the quality of early education and child care include creating multidisciplinary, evidence-based child care practice standards; establishing state quality rating and improvement systems; improving federal and state regulations; providing child care health consultation; as well as initiating other innovative partnerships. Pediatricians have a role in promoting quality early education and child care for all children not only in the medical home but also at the community, state, and national levels.
Immunohistochemical Detection of Motor Endplates in the Long-Term Denervated Muscle.

Background We have demonstrated that the native motor zone (NMZ) within a muscle is an ideal target for performing nerve-muscle-endplate band grafting (NMEG) to restore motor function of a denervated muscle. This study was designed to determine spatiotemporal alterations of the myofibers, motor endplates (MEPs), and axons in the NMZ of long-term denervated muscles for exploring if NMEG-NMZ technique would have the potential for delayed reinnervation. Methods Sternomastoid (SM) muscles of adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 21) were experimentally denervated and denervation-induced changes in muscle weight, myofiber size, MEPs, and intramuscular nerve axons were evaluated histomorphometrically and immunohistochemically at the end of 3, 6, and 9 months after denervation. The values obtained from the ipsilateral normal side served as control. Results The denervated SM muscles exhibited a progressive reduction in muscle weight (38%, 31%, and 19% of the control) and fiber diameter (52%, 40%, and 28% of the control) for 3-, 6-, and 9-month denervation, respectively. The denervated MEPs were still detectable even 9 months after denervation. The mean number of the denervated MEPs was 79%, 65%, and 43% of the control in the 3-, 6-, and 9-month denervated SM, respectively. Degenerated axons in the denervated muscles became fragmented. Conclusions Persistence of MEPs in the long-term denervated SM suggests that some surgeries targeting the MEPs such as NMEG-NMZ technique should be effective for delayed reinnervation. However, more work is needed to develop strategies for preservation of muscle mass and MEPs after denervation.
Platelet Transfusions in the PICU: Does Disease Severity Matter?

OBJECTIVES Pediatric intensivists frequently prescribe platelet transfusions to critically ill children, but there are limited data on platelet transfusion practice and platelet transfusion-related outcomes in the PICU. In this study, we evaluated the current platelet transfusion practice and platelet transfusion-related outcomes in the PICU. DESIGN Institutional review board-approved, retrospective cohort study from January 2010 to March 2016. SETTING Tertiary-level PICU. PATIENTS Children less than 19 years old who received platelet transfusions in the PICU. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Thirty-six percent (1,547/4,339) of platelet transfusions in the institution were given to 2.4% of PICU patients (232/9,659). The patients who received a platelet transfusion (platelet transfusions, n = 232) compared with those who did not receive platelets (no platelet transfusions, n = 9,427) were younger, had similar gender distribution, had a higher median Pediatric Risk of Mortality-3 score, and stayed longer in the PICU. Fifty percent of platelet transfusions were prescribed prophylactically for thrombocytopenia to patients without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. The mortality was higher for platelet transfusions group (30% vs 2.3%) with an 18 times increased unadjusted odds of mortality when compared with no platelet transfusion group (odds ratio, 18.2; 95% CI, 13.3-24.8; p < 0.0001). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, the predicted probability of dying for platelet transfusion group compared with no platelet transfusion group depended on the median Pediatric Risk of Mortality-3 score. Patients who received platelet transfusion versus no platelet transfusion have increased odds of dying at lower median Pediatric Risk of Mortality-3 scores, but decreased odds of dying at higher median Pediatric Risk of Mortality-3 scores. CONCLUSIONS This PICU cohort demonstrates that the odds or predicted probability of dying change in patients who received platelet transfusions based on underlying disease severity measured by Pediatric Risk of Mortality-3 score compared with patients who did not receive platelet transfusions. A large, prospective trial is required to confirm this association and determine whether to consider underlying disease severity in estimating risks and benefits of prophylactic platelet transfusions in critically ill children.
Gas Sensing Properties of the Nanosized Pd and Cu x Pd Layers

The adsorption properties of thin films of Pd and Cu x Pd, beginning with one monolayer (ML) of palladium and copper sequentially deposited on a tungsten single crystal surface in high vacuum (10− 9 Torr) at the dose of hydrogen adsorption about 3 ×10− 7 Torr, 10 min, have been studied. Thermal desorptionspectra (TDS) showed that the adsorbed hydrogen in such structures exists in three configurations: (1) relatively weakly bounded of surface chemical adsorption hydrogen (the activation energy of hydrogen desorption is e1 ≈ 1 eV), (2) chemisorbed hydrogen in the subsurface layer (the activation energy of hydrogen desorption is e2 ≈ 1.33 eV) and (3) absorbed hydrogen in the bulk of metal films and at the interface with tungsten substrate (the activation energy of hydrogen desorption is e3 ≈ 1.66 eV). The absorbed hydrogen causes of adsorboelectric effect [1, 2, 3] insensor structures based on metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structures, changing its electrophysical parameters depending on the amount of adsorbed gas molecules, which should detect. Three desorption peaks of hydrogen A1, A2, A3, has been observed on thermal desorptionspectra of Cu(1 ML)/Pd(2 ML)/W, Cu(3 ML)/Pd(6 ML)/W and Cu(4.5 ML)/Pd(12 ML)/W. Thus, even monatomic copper layer on the Pd (2 ML) surface promotes the accumulation and a storing of hydrogen in the bulk of Pd film increasing of 3rd (A3 bulk) peak on TDS, where the spillover effect may also takes place. The activation energy of hydrogen desorption is estimated from the temperature of peak maximum (β1, β2, β3 ∼ 420 K, 550 K and 720 K, respectively). TDS of hydrogen from the Cu/Pd surface oxygen modified have also been studied. It was found that the oxygen pre-exposure leads to decrease of hydrogen desorption from both Pd(6 ML) and Cu(1.5, 3, 4.5 ML)/Pd(6 ML) monolayers.
The life of Brigadier General Theodore C. Lyster.

Theodore C. Lyster is a familiar name to aerospace medicine physicians. His early recognition of the unique physical requirements of aviators, the specialized training necessary for flight surgeons, and the need for altitude physiology research provided the foundation on which the specialty of aviation medicine was built. Lyster's medical career, however, encompassed much more than aviation medicine. From his earliest assignment as a contract physician in Cuba in 1899 until his entry into private practice in 1921, he was heavily involved with the fight against yellow fever. In the era before medical residencies were commonplace, Lyster sought out training in ophthalmology and otolaryngology in the U.S. and abroad. His clinical and organizational abilities made him a valuable asset during the construction of the Panama Canal and during World War I. Lyster's many talents and his philosophy about aviation medicine make him a worthy role model for flight surgeons today.
Maltreatment and Childhood Depression

According to the American Psychological Association’s National Task Force on Women and Depression (McGrath, Keita, Strickland, & Russo, 1990, p. 30), “Victims of interpersonal violence share many of the symptoms of persons with a primary diagnosis of depression: hopelessness, helplessness, negative self-esteem, a restricted range of affects, high-levels of self-criticism, self-defeating interpersonal strategies, and difficulties in forming and retaining intimate relationships.” Studies of the sequelae of childhood victimization usually neglect these symptoms, focusing instead on documenting intergenerational continuity in violence and aggression. Yet, in her review of support for the proposition that violence begets violence, Widom (1989a, p. 24) notes, “Evidence that is often overlooked suggests that abuse and neglect in early childhood leads not only to further aggressive behavior but also to depression, withdrawal, and self-destructive behavior.”
Thallium Cardiac Stressing by Esophageal Pacing

Forty-three patients were examined with the transesophageal pacing method of cardiac stressing and thallium imaging. Transesophageal cardiac pacing, using a pill electrode or a permanent pacemaker lead, is a safe alternative for patients who are physically unable to exercise. Prior studies suggest that transvenous right atrial pacing with thallium injection is equivalent to physical exercise thallium studies in the detection of coronary artery disease. The esophageal pacing bipolar electrode similarly increases heart rate without the necessity of transvenous pacing or fluoroscopy and without the adverse side effects often seen when using pharmacologic stressing agents (i.e., dipyridamole). The results compare well with cardiac catheterization, echocardiographic, and electrocardiographic results. Cardiac paced stress testing requires no sedation, is performed on an out-patient basis, and causes little if any discomfort for the patient.
Natural resistance to animal parasites.

There exists great variation in the degree to which parasites are fastidious with respect to their hosts. This is exemplified by the expression “host range,” a descriptive feature of a given parasite used to characterize the variety of species that can be infected by that parasite. Many parasites are highly selective (i.e., specific), their range of hosts being limited to one, or a few related, species. These are believed to be well-adapted parasites having settled on a host that is optimum for their welfare. Other parasites have a broad host range and will survive, if not thrive, in a variety of hosts.
SOME ADVANTAGES OF INDIVIDUALLY GENERATED DATA SETS IN STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY COURSES

Publisher Summary In most universities, the department that houses statisticians is responsible for teaching service courses to graduate students who are not statistics majors. At West Virginia University the first of such courses is Statistics 311. The content of this course differs only in minor ways from the first undergraduate course in statistics. The second graduate course is Statistics 312, and the topics covered include the usual topics in the analysis of variance, multiple regression, and the analysis of covariance. This chapter highlights individually generated data sets in Statistics 312. It presents a sample SAS program that generates data for and analyzes a two way analysis of variance with interaction. The program accesses an internal computer clock to generate the observations, the number of levels of each factor and the number of observations in each of the cells.
Modeling Bacterial Transport and Accumulation Processes in Saturated Porous Media: A Review

During the past few decades, leaking underground fuel storage tanks have created soil and groundwater contamination problem throughout the United States. In addition, defense nuclear production by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), its predecessor agencies, and its contractors has generated large volumes of hazardous and radioactive wastes. Discharge of these wastes to soils has resulted in extensive contamination around DOE sites. Harnessing the potential of in situ microorganisms to degrade these chemical contaminants in the subsurface has been widely studied in the past two decades. Soil microbiologists have been investigating the role of shallow, root-zone microbes in recycling nutrients since the early twentieth century. However, only during the early 1970s did it become evident that subsurface microbes have a potential to degrade contaminants in much deeper subsurface zones. Developments in subsurface aseptic sediment sampling methods played a major role in providing conclusive evidences for the presence of microbes in these zones (Dunlap et al., 1977). Later experimental studies conducted under controlled laboratory conditions have also showed that these organisms can mineralize many man-made chemicals (Vogel and Grbic-Galic, 1986). In the early 1980s, researchers started to develop methods to harness these natural degradation potential of microbes to cleanup subsurface contaminants. Currently, two types of bioremediation approaches are being considered for field-scale cleanup: intrinsic bioremediation and active bioremediation. The intrinsic remedial approach is a plume management strategy that relies on the inherent degradative capacity of native subsurface microbes (Chapelle et al., 1994; Semprini et al., 1995; Wiedemeier et al., 1995; Rice et al., 1995). In contrast, active bioremediation is an accelerated clean-up strategy that uses various nutrient-delivery strategies to enhance growth and degradative capacity of native microbes (Semprini et al., 1991; Truex, 1995). As a part of the active bioremediation strategy, a few researchers have also explored the possibility of introducing non-indigenous cultured microbial strains into the subsurface to remove specific Contaminants (Mayotte et al., 1996; Duba et al., 1996).
Clinical Reasoning: Headaches and double vision in a 68-year-old woman.

A 68-year-old woman presented with increased frequency of headaches accompanied by double vision. The patient had a history of migraines, which she typically experienced on a monthly basis. In the month prior to presentation, the frequency of her headaches gradually increased to daily and had become more common at night and upon waking from sleep. She also noted the recent development of double vision with vertical and horizontal gaze. Finally, she reported associated nausea, light, and noise sensitivity, which was typical of her usual migraines, as well as generalized fatigue and a feeling of being “off-kilter.” Her medical history was significant for right-sided breast cancer treated with radical mastectomy, since then in remission.
Greater progression of coronary artery calcification is associated with clinically relevant cognitive impairment in type 1 diabetes.

Abstract Background and aims We assessed the predictive role of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in clinically relevant cognitive impairment in 148 middle-aged individuals with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) Study. Methods Baseline CAC was measured in 1996–98 and repeated 4–8 years later. Per extensive neuropsychological testing in 2010–15, 28% (41/148) of participants met the study definition of clinically relevant cognitive impairment (two or more of 7 select test scores ≥1.5SD worse than demographically appropriate published norms). Logistic regression models with backward selection were constructed for statistical analysis. Results Mean age and T1D duration at first CAC measure were 37 and 29 years, respectively. A greater burden of initial CAC was associated with cognitive impairment determined 14 years later. Compared to Agatston score = 0, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 0 300 were 1.4 (0.6, 3.6), 2.3 (0.6, 9.7), and 7.9 (1.6, 38.5), respectively. With both initial and progression of CAC in the multivariable model, backward selection retained only CAC progression, showing it was significantly associated with cognitive impairment (OR [95% CI]: 1.7 [1.1, 2.9]). In those with an initial CAC>0, CAC density was marginally, inversely, associated with cognitive impairment when controlling for CAC volume (OR [95%CI]: 0.3 (0.1, 1.2), p value = 0.078). Conclusions Greater CAC burden was associated with clinically relevant cognitive impairment in middle-aged adults with childhood-onset T1D. CAC progression appears to be a more powerful predictor than initial calcification.
The effect of a surgical safety checklist on complication rates associated with permanent transvenous pacemaker implantation in dogs.

Abstract Introduction To determine whether use of a surgical safety checklist (SSC) would reduce the rate of major complications after permanent transvenous pacemaker implantation in dogs. Animals The study included one hundred ninety-nine dogs undergoing pacemaker implantation for bradyarrhythmias at an academic teaching hospital. Methods A service-specific SSC was developed and implemented for cardiac catheterization procedures in 2015. Medical records were reviewed to extract relevant clinical and procedural data for cases with (SSC [+]) and without (SSC [−]) a checklist. Owners or referring veterinarians were contacted for outcome and survival data. Results Major complications occurred in 25/199 (12.6%) dogs. Incidence of major complications was significantly lower in SSC [+] dogs compared with SSC [−] dogs (1/45 procedures vs 24/144 procedures; p = 0.019). Dogs with SSCs were more likely to receive antibiotics within 5 min of the first incision (p = 0.0082) and to receive antibiotics every 90 min throughout the procedure as prescribed (p = 0.001) compared with dogs without SSCs. Incidence of cardiac death was lower in SSC [+] dogs compared with SSC [−] dogs (p = 0.0012), but checklist use was not associated with increased survival time (all-cause or cardiac). On average, 91% of checklist components were completed for each SSC; minor changes in record-keeping protocols could increase compliance. Conclusions Use of an SSC was associated with a decrease in the major complication rate and an increase in compliance with antibiotic protocols during pacemaker implantation. Results of this study support the use of an SSC in veterinary cardiology procedures.
Perpetual War with the Brother Nation: An Analysis of Ukrainian Veterans, Cultural Identity and Historical Trauma

Understanding historical and cultural dimensions of pain is an area relatively understudied by scholars. This is particularly the case for those affected by war, such as combat veterans. Using in-d...
Analysis of High-Energy Excursions Using the Implicit Continuous-Fluid Eulerian Containment Code (ICECO)

The implicit continuous-fluid Eulerian containment code has been extended to treat the hydrodynamics of high-energy excursions that involve shock-wave propagation, large amplitude free-surface moti...
Analysis of Multicomponent Ionic Mixtures Using BlindSource Separation: A Processing Case Study

Management and remediation of complex nuclear waste solutions require identification and quantification of multiple species. Some of the species forming the solution are unknown, and they can be di...
Abstract 179: Resistin Regulates ATP-citrate lyase Expression a Key Metabolic Enzyme of Lipogenesis and Histone acetylation in Human Macrophage

BACKGROUND: Human resistin synthesized by macrophages is associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and chronic inflammation. We used a comparative global protein express...
Stigma Experiences, Mental Health, Perceived Parenting Competence, and Parent-Child Relationships Among Lesbian, Gay, and Heterosexual Adoptive Parents in the United States.

Adoptive parents often face stigma related to “nontraditional” family structures. Lesbian and gay (LG) adoptive parents often face additional stigmatization based on sexual identity, which in turn may negatively affect parents’ mental health. Despite controversy about LG parenting, research demonstrates that family processes are more strongly associated with individual outcomes than family structure. Thus, family systems and minority stress theories provided our conceptual foundation in examining how adoptive LG parents’ stigma experiences were associated with mental health, parenting competence, and parent-child relationships. Participating families (N = 106; n = 56 LG parent families) were originally recruited from five United States domestic private infant adoption agencies and completed two waves of data collection (W1, W2; 91% retention) when children were preschool-age (Mage = 3.01 years) and school-age (Mage = 8.36 years), respectively. Data for the current study are largely drawn from W2. Via Qualtrics, parents completed assessments of mental health symptoms, adoption stigma, and perceived childcare competence. LG parents also reported on their experiences of homonegative microaggressions, and children responded to a measure about their relationships with parents. No significant differences emerged as a function of parental sexual orientation and gender except that lesbian mothers, heterosexual mothers, and gay fathers all reported higher parenting competence than heterosexual fathers. Although parents’ mental health did not significantly predict parent-child relationship quality, parents’ perceived competence and LG parents’ current homonegative microaggression experiences did (e.g., greater competence, greater closeness; more microaggressions, lower closeness). Consistent with our conceptual framework, our results – derived from parent and child reports – demonstrate that although adoptive and LG parent families experience stigma, family processes (rather than structure) are most associated with individual outcomes. Researchers, policymakers, and practitioners should work together to employ identity-affirming practices to reduce stigma and support adoptive family functioning and well-being.