cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex Roles, Task Competence, and Conformity

Summary The purpose of the investigation was to determine the relative importance of sex roles and task competence as regards the relationship between sex and conformity. The Ss in Study I were 68 American students; half were male, and the other half female. The Ss were tested by means of a Conformity Instrument and a Masculinity-Femininity scale. The results show that task competence acts as a between-sex factor in that females conformed more than males only on masculine items, but on feminine items the opposite was the case. However, sex role acts as a within-sex factor, since, in general, feminine females and males conformed more than masculine males and females. The Ss in Study II were 19 female members of the National Organization of Women (NOW) and 12 control females. The NOW Ss conformed less than the control Ss, but the two groups obtained similar scores on the femininity scale. It can be said that the nature of the task is indeed an important variable in the relationship between sex and conformit...
Coherence loss in light backscattering by random media with nanoscale nonuniformities.

An experimental technique for measuring time-resolved coherence loss and destruction of backscattered wavepackets in random media is described. The results of such measurements, performed with a modified Michelson interferometer, contain rich information about the characteristics of media nonuniformities. Experimental data for model nanosuspensions are compared with theoretical expressions developed in the article which include the effects of Mie-type resonant scattering. One such observed effect is attributed to enhanced inelastic optical transitions near the surface of nonmetallic nanoparticles. The inverse problem of characterization of multiscattering random media by backscattering is considered.
In defense of the two-lattice melt model: A comment on Ellison and Hess

Abstract In a recent experimental study of rare earth element (REE) partitioning between immiscible silicate liquids, Ellison and Hess (1989) applied the two-lattice melt component activity model of Nielsen (1985) in an attempt to resolve the compositional dependence of REE partitioning. On the basis of their results they stated that the model failed to remove the compositional dependence. Upon examining their results we find that the application of the Nielsen (1985) two-lattice melt model removes 90–96% of the compositional dependence. Interpretations of melt structure based on application of the two-lattice model are nebulous due to the simplifying assumption of ideal intra-lattice mixing. Nevertheless, a comparison of the results of several versions of the model indicate that in this system, Ti behaves more like a network former than a network modifier. In addition, the assumption of Ca-Al complexing does not improve the effectiveness of the model at resolving compositional dependence over the assumption that excess Al acts as a network modifier.
Catalysis of carbon oxidation by transition metal carbides and oxides

The technique of etch decoration/transmission electron microscopy has been employed to study the catalysis of the carbon-oxygen reaction by seven group VB and VIB metal carbides and oxides. Turnover frequencies for carbon gasification were measured at 680 °C from the monolayer pit expansion rate on the basal plane of single-crystal graphite, with and without catalyst particles deposited on the surface. Among the catalysts used in this study, only MoO3 followed the wellestablished mode of channeling, while all others catalyzed the reaction at the edges of the etch pits which were distant from the catalyst by apparently a long-range action. The etch pits formed in the presence of carbides (WC, TaC, and Mo2C) were all hexagonal, unlike the uncatalyzed reaction in which pits were circular, and the edges of the hexagonal pits were composed of the zigzag {1010} faces. These pits were similar to those created directly by atomic oxygen. The results suggested that the transition metal carbides served as dissociation centers and dissociation was followed by spillover and reaction on the edges of the pits. Deformed circular pits were formed in the presence of the oxide catalysts (Cr2O3, WO3, and Ta2O5), and the oxide catalyst particles disintegrated and dispersed on the surface. Because the reaction temperature was near or above the Tammann temperatures, it appeared that the catalysts dispersed by emission of molecular species or clusters which migrated on the basal plane of graphite and were subsequently trapped on the edges of the etch pits. Gasification of the edge carbon atoms was thus catalyzed by the trapped catalyst through direct contacts.
Semiparametric errors-in-variables models A Bayesian approach

Abstract Regression models incorporating measurement error have received much attention in the recent literature. Measurement error can arise both in the explanatory variables and in the response. We introduce a fairly general model which permits both types of errors. The model naturally arises as a hierarchical structure involving three distinct regressions. For each regression, a semiparametric generalized linear model is introduced utilizing an unknown monotonic function. By transformation, such a function can be viewed as a c.d.f. We model an unknown c.d.f. using mixtures of Beta c.d.f.'s, noting that such mixtures are dense within the class of all continuous distributions on [0,1]. Thus, the overall model incorporates nonparametric links or calibration curves along with customary regression coefficients clarifying its semiparametric nature. Fully Bayesian fitting of such a model using sampling-based methods is proposed. We indicate numerous attractive advantages which our model and its fitting provide. A simulation example demonstrates quantitatively the potential benefit.
New materials for large-strain actuator applications

Several new materials capable of generating large strains under an electric field are being developed for applications as actuators and high-drive sonar projectors. These materials are capable of generating strains that are several times large than those produced by conventional lead zirconate-titanate ceramics. The first group of materials are the class of lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMNPT) ceramics. These materials are electrostrictive and, therefore, are operated under dc bias fields. The largest strains are obtained when the temperature is maintained in the region of the order-disorder phase transition of the material. This, however, makes the properties of the material temperature dependent. An alternative material is the family of lanthanum-modified lead zirconate-titanate (PLZT) ceramics. These materials have been developed extensively for electro-optic applications. They can generate even higher levels of strain compared with the PMNPT ceramics with less temperature dependence. They, however, suffer from higher dielectric hysteresis and are more suitable for actuator applications because of dielectric heating. Results are presented for measurements on several compositions of PMNPT and PLZT.
Excitation of the l=12 cyclotron resonance in the NRL modified betatron accelerator

The basic periodicity in the NRL device is twelve-fold. There are twelve toroidal field coils, twelve sectors, and so on. For a long time, the l equals 12 resonance was the dominant resonance in the experiment. To test the importance of the l equals 12 resonance, we have intentionally introduces an l equals 12 field error using twelve resonant coils. By activating these coils when the resonance is observed, the duration of x-rays produced by beam loss was reduced from 900 microsecond(s) to 5.5 microsecond(s) , while the amplitude of the signal increased from 0.5 to approximately 40 volts. The full width of the x-ray pulse at half maximum is inversely proportional to the current through the resonant coils and proportional to the risetime of the pulse. Work is in progress with a set of twelve internal coils that have a risetime of 300 - 400 ns. The results with these coils have confirmed the importance of the l equals 12 resonance. In addition, it has been shown experimentally that by adding a (Delta) B(theta ) such that the ratio of the total toroidal magnetic field to the vertical field is not an integer, the cyclotron resonance is not excited. These experiments have extended the beam lifetime by more than 100 microsecond(s) , which is approximately equal to the risetime of the applied (Delta) B(theta ) pulse. In the presence of such a pulse, the beam lifetime is 1 ms and the electron beam energy is 22 MeV, while the trapped current is in excess of 1 kA.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A model to incorporat within-pair order effects in paired comparisons

The paired comparison model proposed by Bradlay and Tarry (1952) is extanded to account for within-pair order effects La. paired comaparison experiments. The L.A.M.S.T. procedure given by Bhat and Nagnur (1955) is applied in testing hypotheses about the parameters of the model. For the hypothesis of aquality of preference ratings when there is a common order-effect parametar far all pairs, it is shown that the proposed test procedure is batter than those proposed by other authors in the sense that its asymptotic relative efficiency is greater than or equal to one. A numerical example is also given.
Sedation Issues in Quality Colonoscopy

The subject of endoscopic sedation for colonoscopy remains controversial because of unresolved questions concerning the relative benefits, risks, and cost of service. There is also disagreement about the most appropriate sedation drug(s), delegation of responsibility for drug administration, and patient monitoring. This article examines recent trends in endoscopic sedation; the impact of sedation on the quality, safety, and patient tolerability of colonoscopy; and reviews the economic implications of current sedation practices.
Patients with inferior vena caval filters should receive chronic thromboprophylaxis

A 32-year-old man with testicular carcinoma is diagnosed with an acute left leg deep venous thrombosis (DVT) during his fourth cycle of combination chemotherapy. Because of anticipated moderate to severe thrombocytopenia, anticoagulation is initially avoided and an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter is placed to prevent pulmonary embolism (PE). After completion of all chemotherapy he is deemed to be in remission and anticoagulation is begun. The optimal duration of anticoagulation in this patient is pondered.
Cytoskeletal regulation of concanavalin A capping in pulmonary alveolar macrophages.

CONCANAVALIN A (con A) capping occurs in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and is thought to be dependent on disruption of microtubules with subsequent lateral movement of lectin receptors to a polar region in the plasma membrane1. Capping in PMN is induced by colchicine but is blocked by cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of microfilament assembly2. Based on these observations, a cytoskeletal system that effects transmembrane control of receptor mobility has been proposed. The microtubules system interacts directly or indirectly with membrane components to limit the mobility of surface receptors while the contractile system of microfilaments may enhance the movement of these receptors into caps3. Here we report that capping also occurs in guinea pig alveolar macrophages (AM), and that the factors which regulate AM surface receptor movement differ dramatically from those in PMN. AM are capped by cytochalasin B alone, which is contrary to the experience with the PMN. AM capping is dependent on oxidative phosphorylation and the cap is associated with formation of a striking uropod (Fig. 1).
Influence of the alkoxide group solvent catalyst and concentration on the gelation and porosity of hexylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes.

Abstract 1,6-Hexylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes are hybrid organic–inorganic materials prepared by sol–gel polymerization of 1,6-bis(trialkoxysilyl)hexanes. Due to the trialkoxysilyl groups bonded to each end of the hexylene bridging group, hydrolysis and condensation easily gave network polymers in the form of gels. When the solvent evaporates from the gels, dry gels or xerogels are obtained that may be non-porous or porous depending on whether the network is compliant enough to resist collapse or not. Hexylene-bridged materials appear to lie on the boundary between polysilsesquioxanes with bridging groups that are sufficiently long and flexible to allow porosity to collapse with drying and those with bridging groups that are short and stiff enough to prevent collapse of porosity during drying. Under base-catalyzed conditions, 1,6-bis(triethoxysilyl)hexane polymerizes to yield porous xerogels while under acidic conditions, non-porous xerogels are obtained. In this study, we examine the effects of the alkoxide group on the sol–gel process and the resulting xerogels' porosity and provide a more detailed examination of the relative importance of the sol–gel reaction parameters (concentration, pH, solvent). 1, 6-Bis(trimethoxysilyl)hexane ( 1 ), 1,6-bis(triethoxysilyl)hexane ( 2 ), and 1, 6-bis(tri- n -propoxysilyl)hexane ( 3 ) were polymerized under acidic and basic conditions in methanol, ethanol, or n-propanol, respectively, as well as tetrahydrofuran (THF). The resulting gels were dried to provide xerogels that were characterized by SEM, solid state 13 C and 29 Si Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning (CP MAS) NMR spectroscopy, and nitrogen and carbon dioxide sorption porosimetry.
(6,3)-honeycomb structures of uranium(VI) benzenedicarboxylate derivatives: the use of noncovalent interactions to prevent interpenetration.

Four two-dimensional coordination polymers containing the uranyl cation (UO22+), (NH4)UO2(BDC)1.5·2.5H2O (1), KUO2(NDC)1.5·2H2O (2), [C(NH2)3]UO2(NDC)1.5·2H2O (2b), and UO2(HBDC−Br)2 (3) (BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate, NDC = 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylate, BDC−Br = 2-bromoterephthalate) have been synthesized by hydrothermal reactions. Compounds 1−2b have the same honeycomb (6,3) net but with two-fold interpenetration in 1 and without interpenetration in 2 and 2b. The use of 2-bromoterephthalate yields compound 3 with a (4,4) net. The structures of 2 and 2b show that the interpenetration can be prevented by the addition of a bulky substituent to the ligand. Maintaining the desired topology, however, requires a careful choice of the substituent group. Compounds 1, 2, and 2b have a similar structural arrangement to that of benzenetricarboxylic acid (trimesic acid, H3BTC). In H3BTC, the six rings are formed by hydrogen bonding and the interpenetration is more complex than that in 1. Crystal data: 1, triclinic...
The secondary ion mass spectrum of glycerol-d5: Evidence for radical cation intermediates

Particle bombardment of liquid glycerol deuterated on carbon has provided evidence for (MD)+ ion formation via a radical cation intermediate. This discovery has important mechanistic implications for the ionization of compounds dissolved in glycerol.
A dispersive model for the propagation of ultrasound in soft tissue

Although the dispersion of tissue is small and difficult to measure, it can be calculated from a knowledge of the tissue's attenuation. A minimum-phase function, which characterizes tissue dispersion was derived using the Hilbert transform. This function was incorporated into a tissue model which has a causal impulse response and from which accurate estimates of the slope of attenuation times path length can be extracted. Predictions of phase velocity closely match available dispersion measurements. The model suggests that phase velocity measurements must be much more accurate than attenuation measurements for a comparable description of tissue.
The effects of chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%) on the antimicrobial properties of tooth-colored ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine whether the substitution of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate for sterile water as a mixing agent would enhance the antimicrobial activity of tooth-colored ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) against Actinomyces odontolyticus (ATCC17982), Fusobacterium nucleatum (ATCC2586), Streptococcus sanguis (ATCC10556), Enterococcus faecalis (ER3/2S), Escherichia coli (SM10λpir), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (UME), and Candida albicans (ATCC10261). Two wells of 5-mm diameter were made in triplicate agar plates inoculated with standardized suspensions of each microorganism. MTA (33 mg) mixed with chlorhexidine (12 μl) or sterile water (12 μl) was placed to fill each well. Plates were incubated at 37°C as required for microbial growth. A blinded, independent observer measured zones of inhibition. All MTA samples inhibited microbial growth regardless of mixing agent. MTA/chlorhexidine showed significantly larger zones of inhibition (p t test). In conclusion, substituting 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate for water enhanced the antimicrobial activity of tooth-colored ProRoot MTA.
La réglementation des sondages au Canada et l’élection de 1993

Depuis l’election federale de 1993, le Canada s’est joint aux nombreux pays qui depuis plusieurs annees se sont dotes d’une legislation reglementant les sondages d’opinion lors des campagnes electorales. L’article 322.1 de la nouvelle Loi electorale du Canada, la loi C-114, instaure un black-out de 72 heures a la fin des campagnes electorales federales et interdit la publication de nouveaux sondages a partir de minuit, le vendredi, jusqu’a la fermeture des bureaux de scrutin. Tous les partis politiques federaux ont endosse cet article de la loi. Cet essai presente les principes qui ont milite en faveur de l’introduction de cette disposition, l’une des moins restrictives des pays ayant choisi la voix de la reglementation, et affirme que le black-out constitue une limite acceptable a la liberte de presse et au droit des citoyens a avoir une information de qualite. Cette disposition assure egalement aux candidats de tous les partis un traitement equitable de la part des medias.
David Dorfman's “Here”: A Community-Building Approach in Dance Education

Abstract Over a three-month period, Arcadia High School and Arizona State University formed a community partnership with the help of New York modern dance choreographer David Dorfman to create an original dance titled “Here.” Dorfman's community-building approach is based on personal refection, collaboration, critical thinking, problem solving, genuine caring, respect, and honesty. This essay illuminates Dorfman's pedagogical practice and teaching methods employed in relation to pre-service teachers' thoughts on teaching. Learning modalities discussed are motivation, professionalism, authentic expression, and personal connections. Driven by their own experiences and perceptions, dancers shared vital issues that affect them, which became the springboard for Dorfman's dance-making process.
SU-GG-T-265: Stopping Power for Tissue Equivalent Materials and Hounsfield Numbers for Proton Radiation Treatment Planning: Calculation and Measurements

Purpose: To generate a protonstopping powercalibration curve from tissue equivalent materials combined with Hounsfield Unit (HU) values measured by an in house CT scanner for use in protontreatment planning.Method and Materials: Tissue equivalent phantom materials (Gammex Model 467) used for CTcalibration were placed at the center of a water tank (40×30×30 cm3) and scanned with the CT scanner to measure their HU values. Image reconstruction was done with 5 mm slice thickness. In addition, the tissue equivalent phantom material relative stopping powers were measured with 197.1 MeV protons whose defining range was 18.28 cm. Ten phantom materials were individually placed in front of a water tank. A PPCO5 parallel plate chamber was used to measure pristine Bragg peaks in water. Results: A stoichiometric calibration method was used to characterize the CT scanner by fitting the measured HU values to the equation HU = ρe rel (A Z3.86 + B Z1.86 + C). Parameter A, B, and C are specific to the CT scanner used in this measurement and they correspond to photoelectric, Rayleigh and Compton cross sections. These fit parameters were used to calculate the HU values for the tissues whose compositions are listed in ICRP (1975). In addition, proton relative stopping powers for these materials were calculated by the Bethe‐Bloch formula. The relative stopping power for each phantom material was also measured from the difference of the pulled back Bragg peak compared to that of water, and the results were compared. Conclusion: A stopping power versus HU value calibration curve for the protontreatment planning system was generated.
Planar double gate quantum wire transistor

A planar double gate quantum wire transistor (QWT) is proposed and demonstrated. The transistor uses a narrow wire gate placed inside the gap of a split gate to create a single one‐dimensional (1D) quantum wire (QW). We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that the wire gate can create a QW potential with a better confinement and therefore larger subband separations than that in other split‐gate QWTs, and that the split gate can adjust the number of electrons inside the QW while keeping the 1D QW potential almost unchanged. Furthermore, we found that, in the double gate QWT, a 1D electron channel can spatially overlap with a 2D electron channel without significant mixing.
Effect of rigid fixation on orthodontic finishing after mandibular bilateral sagittal split setback: the case for miniplate monocortical fixation.

Purpose This report reviews the diagnosis and management of patients with Class III skeletal patterns and discusses the rationale for monocortical plate fixation after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for surgical precision, stability, and postsurgical management of patients with setback. Materials and Methods Two cases with significant Class III sagittal skeletal discrepancies were identified. The cases, which required maxillary advancement and mandibular setback surgery, are presented to describe the rationale and advantages for the monocortical rigid fixation method. Conclusions Monocortical plate fixation after bimaxillary surgery for the correction of Class III skeletal malocclusions has the advantages of excellent stability and latent postsurgical adjustability, qualities that are essential for favorable treatment outcomes.
Second primary head and neck tumor risk in patients with cervical cancer—SEER data analysis

Background. Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes >99% of cervical carcinomas and is associated with approximately 25% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). The role of HPV infection in HNSCC development after a first diagnosis of cervical cancer is unknown. Methods. Using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data, the authors compared the risk of second primary cancer (SPC) HNSCC in patients with cervical cancer with the general population and with females with other primary cancers. Results. The lifetime risk of SPC HNSCC for patients with cervical cancer was higher than in the general population (standardized incidence ratio [SIR]: 1.7). When compared with that in females with other cancers, the risk of anogenital and oropharyngeal SPC was in excess, but not of SPC in the oral cavity. Conclusion. Patients with cervical cancer develop an excess SPC HNSCC in comparison with females with other cancers. A possible role of HPV is suggested. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Mutagenic lipid peroxides from edible oils

Weak mutagenic activity was detected in several commercially available edible palm and corn oils using liquid incubation bioassays with Salmonella typhimurium TA1537. Chromatographic fractionation of unrefined palm oil established that mutagenic activity was present in three fractions that also contained fatty acyl hydroperoxides. Similar weak mutagenic activity was also demonstrated for linoleic and linolenic acid hydroperoxides. In all cases, the mutagenicity was abolished by exogenous catalase, implying that the observed activity was moderated by hydrogen peroxide.
Evaluation of forest disturbance legacy effects on dissolved organic matter characteristics in streams at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) source and composition are critical drivers of its reactivity, impact microbial food webs and influence ecosystem functions. It is believed that DOM composition and abundance represent an integrated signal derived from the surrounding watershed. Recent studies have shown that land-use may have a long-term effect on DOM composition. Methods for characterizing DOM, such as those that measure the optical properties and size of the molecules, are increasingly recognized as valuable tools for assessing DOM sources, cycling, and reactivity. In this study we measured DOM optical properties and molecular weight determinations to evaluate whether the legacy of forest disturbance alters the amount and composition of stream DOM. Differences in DOM quantity and composition due to vegetation type and to a greater extent, wetland influence, were more pronounced than effects due to disturbance. Our results suggest that excitation-emission matrix fluorescence with parallel factor analysis is a more sensitive metric of disturbance than the other methods evaluated. Analyses showed that streams draining watersheds that have been clearcut had lower dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and higher microbially-derived and protein-like fluorescence features compared to reference streams. DOM optical properties in a watershed amended with calcium, were not significantly different than reference watersheds, but had higher concentrations of DOC. Collectively these results improve our understanding of how the legacy of forest disturbances and natural landscape characteristics affect the quantity and chemical composition of DOM in headwater streams, having implications for stream water quality and carbon cycling.
An Assessment of Service Learning in a University Living-Learning Community: Implications for Community Engagement

This article describes a civic engagement and service learning living-learning community on a dedicated floor in a university residence hall. Students volunteered to live with one another while concurrently enrolled in social work service-learning courses. Student assessment of the combined affect service learning and residence hall living-learning experience on community engagement is presented for three cohorts of participants.
Problems of stationary heat conduction and thermoelasticity for a body with a heat permeable disk-shaped inclusion (crack)

We reduce a problem of stationary heat conduction for a body with a heat permeable disk-shaped inclusion between the surfaces of which nonideal thermal contact takes place to a hypersingular integral equation of the second kind. The exact solution of this equation for the case where its right-hand side is a polynomial of the third degree and, in the axisymmetric case, a polynomial of the n th degree, is presented. For these cases, we determine shear stresses on the inclusion generated by heat dipoles and intensity factors of tangential stresses for a heat permeable circular crack.
Substance versus style: a new look at social desirability in motivating contexts.

Although there is an emerging consensus that social desirability does not meaningfully affect criterion-related validity, several researchers have reaffirmed the argument that social desirability degrades the construct validity of personality measures. Yet, most research demonstrating the adverse consequences of faking for construct validity uses a fake-good instruction set. The consequence of such a manipulation is to exacerbate the effects of response distortion beyond what would be expected under realistic circumstances (e.g., an applicant setting). The research reported in this article was designed to assess these issues by using real-world contexts not influenced by artificial instructions. Results suggest that response distortion has little impact on the construct validity of personality measures used in selection contexts.
Multi-Clock Latency-Insensitive Architecture and Wrapper Synthesis

This paper presents an architecture and a wrapper synthesis approach for the design of multi-clock systems-on-chips. We build upon the initial work on multi-clock latency-insensitive systems by Singh and Theobald [Montek Singh and Michael Theobald. Generalized latency-insensitive systems for single-clock and multi-clock architectures. In Proc. Design, Automation and Test in Europe (DATE), February 2004], and provide a detailed system architecture with the following capabilities and benefits: (i) modules are stalled only when needed, thereby avoiding unnecessary stalling, (ii) adequate metastability resolution is provided, (iii) handshake interfaces between modules are high-performance and low-latency, i.e., capable of transfering data packets on every clock cycle, (iv) IP cores with large clock distribution delays are correctly handled, and (v) an automated approach is provided for wrapper synthesis from formal specifications. For wrapper synthesis, we chose the Component Wrapper Language (CWL) from Hitachi/Fujitsu [Fujitsu Ltd., Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., and Hitachi Ltd. Component wrapper language. http://www.labs.fujitsu.com/en/techinfo/cwl/index.htm] as the specification language. Our synthesis approach has been implemented in a prototype tool. Synthesis results for a small set of examples are provided.
Source as a controlling factor on the quality and interpretation of sediment magnetic records from the northern North Atlantic

Magnetic properties of eight particle size ranges from nine locations in Iceland and 26 locations in southern Greenland reveal the importance of source variation for our understanding of paleomagnetic and environmental magnetic records in the marine environment. These terrestrial samples show varying degrees of particle size dependence with all samples showing that the silt fraction possesses greater concentrations of ferrimagnetic minerals than either clay or sand. Fine pseudo-single domain (PSD) size magnetic grains dominate the magnetic assemblage of all Icelandic fractions. In contrast, Greenlandic samples possess greater variation in magnetic grain size; only fine silt and clay are as magnetically fine as the Icelandic PSD grains, while Greenlandic silts and sands are dominated by coarser PSD and multi-domain grains. These observations from potential marine sediment sources suggest that the silt size fraction is a likely driver for much of the concentration-dependent parameters derived from bulk magnetic records and that the magnetic grain size of the silt fraction can be used to discriminate between Icelandic and Greenlandic sources. Using these results to examine magnetic grain size records from marine sediment cores collected across the northern North Atlantic suggests that source, not just transport-controlled physical grain-size, has a significant impact on determining the magnetic grain size at a particular location. Homogeneity of magnetic grain size in Icelandic sediments at least partially explains the consistent quality of paleomagnetic records derived from cores surrounding Iceland and their ability to buffer large environmental changes.
Manganese(III)-promoted oxidative free-radical cyclizations of β-keto imides: Asymmetric induction with oppolzer's chiral sultam

Abstract Oxidative free-radical cyclization of the unsaturated β-keto imide 3 containing Oppolzer's D-camphor sultam as a chiral auxiliary was studied. Intramolecularly promoted oxidative free-radical cyclization of 3 with Mn (III) in the presence of Cu(II) produced the stereoisomeric cis-hydrindanones 4 and 5 in a 3:1 ratio at 250° C.
FROM THE SANCTUARY TO THE SLAMMER: EXPLORING THE NARRATIVES OF EVANGELICAL PRISON MINISTRY WORKERS

Current survey research reveals that religious conservatives exhibit more punitive attitudes toward criminal offenders than their nonreligious and mainline counterparts. Despite the pervasiveness of conservative Protestant support for the punitive treatment of criminal offenders, evangelical-run prison ministry programs have proliferated in recent decades. This study uses in-depth interviews to examine the motivations of prison ministry workers. The narratives demonstrate that prison ministry workers embrace a distinctive orientation of compassion and, through sustained contact with inmates, they negotiate the tension between conservative religious values and their practical experiences working in prison ministry. From this overarching theme of compassion, three important subthemes emerged: (1) the calling of prison ministry, (2) special connections to the prison context, and (3) a sense of comfort and security with inmates. Overall, we observe how prison ministers negotiate two competing moral logics—jud...
Should I Stay or Should I Go? Identity and Well-Being in Sensemaking About Retention and Turnover

Explanations of turnover from extant management research focus on the what (content) and how (process) of turnover. This study engages a sensemaking framework to explore the why (meaning) for employees of quitting or staying at an employing organization, in order to add a new layer to our understanding of retention and turnover. Analysis of data from in-depth interviews with leavers and stayers, both post hoc and in situ, using grounded theory methods, reveals identity and well-being assessment sensemaking cycles, which occur periodically or when threat to core elements of identity and well-being across life domains is perceived. Core elements of identity and well-being include purpose, trajectory, relatedness, expression, acceptance, and differentiation. Perceived threat to identity and well-being across life domains leads to varying levels of psychophysiological strain, coping with threat and strain, and reassessment, often in escalating cycles resulting in turnover and continuing into new jobs. Lack of...
Toxicity of halothane in guinea pig liver slices

Abstract Guinea pigs have proven to be a reliable model of halothane associated hepatotoxicity. An in vitro system with Hartley male guinea pig liver tissue was designed to assess the toxicity of halothane and other volatile anesthetics in the target organ. Precision-cut guinea pig liver slices (250–300 μm) were incubated in sealed roller vials containing Krebs-Henseleit buffer (plus vitamins, amino acids, glutamine, gentamycin) at 37°C, under 95%, 21% and 5% O 2 /CO 2 atmospheres. Halothane (10–15 μl) was injected through a Teflon septa cap on a filter paper wick and vaporized. Viability of the slices was monitored by measuring intracellular K + content which was maintained under 95% O 2 up to 24 h. A dose-and time-related decrease in intracellular slice K + by 1.9, 2.1, 2.7 mM halothane in the media was observed. At 2.7 mM halothane a direct physio-chemical effect may be occurring since incubating liver slices from allylisopropyl-acetamide-treated animals did not protect against the drop in intracellular K + . Concentration/time responses of halothane, d -halothane, enflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane were compared. Sevoflurane had no effect on the liver slice K + content up to 24 h while the other anesthetics caused the following rank-order decrease in intracellular K + content: halothane > isoflurane and enflurane > d -halothane. Precision-cut cultured guinea pig liver slices offer a system where the target tissue for intoxication by anesthetics can be examined for its susceptibility and mechanism of intoxication.
Pulmonary embolism : Comprehensive evaluation with MR ventilation and perfusion scanning with hyperpolarized helium-3, arterial spin tagging, and contrast-enhanced MRA

PURPOSE Development of a comprehensive magnetic resonance (MR) examination consisting of MR angiography (MRA) and MR ventilation and perfusion (MR V/Q) scan for the detection of pulmonary emboli (PE) and assessment of the technique in a rabbit model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Reversible PE was induced by inflating a non-detachable silicon balloon in the left pulmonary artery of five New Zealand White rabbits. MR V/Q scans were obtained prior to, during, and after balloon deflation. MRA was performed during balloon inflation. MR ventilation imaging was performed after the inhalation of hyperpolarized helium-3. MR perfusion imaging was performed with Flow-sensitive Alternating Inversion Recovery with an Extra Radiofrequency pulse technique (FAIRER). High-resolution contrast-enhanced MR pulmonary angiography was used to confirm the occlusion of the pulmonary artery. All imaging was performed on a 1.5-T whole body scanner with broadband capabilities. RESULTS High-resolution ventilation images of the lungs were obtained. No ventilation defects were detected before, during, or after resolution of simulated PE. FAIRER imaging allowed visualization of pulmonary perfusion. No perfusion defects were detected prior to balloon inflation. During balloon inflation (PE), there was decreased perfusion in the left lower lobe. After reversal of the PE, there was improved perfusion to the left lower lobe. In analogy to nuclear medicine techniques, acute PE produced a mismatched defect in the MR V/Q scan. MRA verified the occlusive filling defect in the left pulmonary artery. CONCLUSION High-resolution MRA and MR V/Q imaging of the lung is feasible and allows comprehensive assessment of pulmonary embolism in one imaging session.
Changes in β-adrenergic receptor distribution on immunocytes during differentiation: An analysis of T cells and macrpphages

The ability of cells of the immune system, immunocytes, to receive signals from the nervous as well as the endocrine system is dependent on the cells' expression of receptors for neurotransmitters and neurohormones. The number of receptors, especially beta adrenergic receptors (BARs), varies with the functional subset of immunocytes. However, little is known about how receptor number may vary during the life span (stem cell to mature activated immunocyte) of a given cell type. In this study, we have addressed this question by examining the affinities (Kd's) and the changes in receptor number (Bmax) on (1) clones of T cells and macrophages, (2) fresh thymocytes and splenocytes before and after activation with Concanavalin A (Con A) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ Ca+2 ionophore (A23187), and (3) the cloned human monocyte U937 and the murine thymic lymphoma cell BW5147, in the presence and absence of PMA and A23187 ionophore. Drug treatments of fresh and cloned immunocytes alter the number but not the affinity of β-receptors. Con A increases the number of β-adrenergic receptors per cell, whereas PMA/ionophore decreases it. Similar decreases in BAR number are induced by PMA on cell lines BW5147 and U937. These data indicate that changes in receptor number can be regulated with different states of cell maturation and function. Thus, the immunological status of a given cell can influence the expression of BARs, thereby modulating its ability to respond to signals from the nervous and endocrine systems.
An exploration of alternative measures of natural resource scarcity: the case of petroleum resources in the U.S.

Abstract The concern about natural resource scarcity has traditionally focused on changes in the cost, quality, and availability of energy and material inputs to the production process. Ecological economists are increasingly concerned with an additional aspect of scarcity — the growing scarcity of environmental services that sustain human economic existence. The analysis here explores economic and biophysical indicators of natural resource scarcity. The indices are quantified for the extraction of petroleum resources in the U.S. The economic indicators are the market price of crude oil and natural gas, the unit (capital plus labor) cost of extraction, and the average total cost of extraction (dollars per Btu extracted). The biophysical index is the energy return on investment (EROI). All indices show a trend of decreasing and then increasing scarcity of petroleum at the wellhead. The economic and biophysical cost indices indicate that the 1960s marked the transition from a decreasing to an increasing cost resource base. The market price of oil is influenced by nonscarcity forces to the extent that it does not reflect that turning point. The increase in the energy cost of petroleum extraction is in stark contrast to the changes in the energy cost of producing other goods and services in the U.S. economy, which generally declined in the last 20 years. The increase in the energy cost of extraction has important economic implications. From 1954 to 1987, the fraction of total industrial output in the U.S. generated in the petroleum extraction sector declined almost 40%. Despite the declining share of its output, the petroleum industry's share of direct energy use (fossil fuels and electricity) generally increased in that period. The result is a clear increase in the amount of energy diverted from other potential uses to secure an additional unit of output in the petroleum sector. None of the indicators reflect to any degree substantial nonmarketed environmental cost of petroleum extraction. The biophysical perspective, however, emphasizes the coupling between physical scarcity and the demands that extraction places on renewable resources and ecosystem services. The extraction of one barrel-of-oil-equivalent, for example, requires 250 gallons of fresh water and emits more than 60 pounds of CO2, and these costs are increasing.
Craniopharyngioma: Endocrine Abnormalities at Presentation

Craniopharyngioma is the most common childhood tumor to involve the hypothalamus and pituitary. Although endocrine disturbances can be found in 80-90% of patients at presentation, only a minority of subjects seek medical attention for an endocrine-related complaint. Hormonal studies, while limited, indicate GH deficiency in 75% of children; deficiencies of LH/FSH (40%), ACTH (25%) and TSH (25%) also are common. In contrast, diabetes insipidus has been noted in only 9-17% of subjects prior to surgery. When possible, full evaluation of pituitary function should be performed; the minimum preoperative evaluation must include testing for and treatment of ACTH-adrenal insufficiency and diabetes insipidus.
Annexin A2 Mediates Up-regulation of NF-κB, β-catenin, and Stem Cell in Response to Progastrin in Mice and HEK-293 Cells

Background & Aims Prograstrin induces proliferation in colon crypts by activating p65nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) (p65) and β-catenin. We investigated whether Annexin A2 (AnxA2), a progastrin receptor, activates NF-κB and β-catenin in vivo. Methods ANXA2-null (ANXA2 −/− ) and wild-type (ANXA2 +/+ ) mice were studied, along with clones of progastrin-responsive HEK-293 cells that stably expressed full-length progastrin (HEK-mGAS) or an empty vector (HEK-C). Small interfering RNA was used to down-regulate AnxA2, p65NF-κB, and β-catenin in cells. Results Proliferation and activation of p65 and β-catenin increased significantly in HEK-mGAS compared with HEK-C clones. HEK-mGAS cells had a 2- to 4-fold increase in relative levels of c-Myc, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, CyclinD1, double cortin CAM kinase-like 1 (DCAMKL+1), and CD44, compared with HEK-C clones. Down-regulation of AnxA2 in HEK-mGAS clones reduced activation of NF-κB and β-catenin, as well as levels of DCAMKL+1. Surprisingly, down-regulation of β-catenin had no effect on activation of p65NF-κB, whereas down-regulation of p65 significantly reduced activation of β-catenin in HEK-mGAS clones. Loss of either p65 or β-catenin significantly reduced proliferation of HEK-mGAS clones, indicating that both factors are required for the proliferative effects of progastrin. Lengths of colon crypts and levels of p65, β-catenin, DCAMKL+1, and CD44 were significantly higher in ANXA2 +/+ mice compared with either ANXA2 −/− mice given progastrin or ANXA2 +/+ and ANXA2 −/− mice given saline. Conclusions AnxA2 expression is required for the biologic effects of progastrin in vivo and in vitro and mediates the stimulatory effect of progastrin on p65NF-κ, β-catenin, and the putative stem cell markers DCAMKL+1 and CD44. AnxA2 might therefore mediate the hyperproliferative and cocarcinogenic effects of progastrin.
Electron emission from PLZT ceramics induced by polarization switching

Abstract Electron emission from ferroelectrics has attracted much interest recently. However, a diverse array of results and explanations have appeared due to experimental technique and sample variation. Two different compositions in the PLZT system, which have similar dielectric constant but different hysteretic behavior, were chosen for our study under the same experimental conditions: ferroelectric 8/65/35 and nonferroelectric 15/65/35. Strong electron emission was observed from PLZT 8/65/35, however, the emission intensity degraded rapidly due to electrode destruction. Comparatively, no emission signal was detected from 15/65/35, which can be interpreted as evidence that electron emission from the 8/65/35 ceramics was not the so-called “metaldielectric” emission. Other results and SEM micrographs also suggest that the dominant source of electron emission is due to ferroelectric emission, and not due to plasma effects.
Freeze-fracture analysis of synaptogenesis in glomeruli of mouse olfactory bulb.

The relationship between intramembranous particle (IMP) aggregates appearing on the extracellular leaflet (E-face) of the postsynaptic membrane and postsynaptic densities was examined by electron microscopy during mouse olfactory bulb development. During prenatal development the IMP aggregates first increased in size and then decreased in size to the adult level, while the length of the postsynaptic densities tended to increase to a plateau. Concomitant with the size change, the shape of the IMP aggregates appeared to change during development from small, round clusters to large, anastomotic aggregations. Some of the IMP aggregates appeared to have a particle-free area in their centre. As development proceeded, the overall IMP density increased. The density of particles measuring 7–11 nm remained unchanged throughout prenatal life and decreased in the adult. These particles may be involved in stabilization of initial contacts and maintenance of mature synapses, rather than representing receptors or ion channels which would be expected to increase during development. The density of particles smaller than 7nm increased prenatally, decreased at birth, then increased in the adult. These particles may represent two or more different macromolecules, one important in synaptogenesis, the other important in adult synapses.
Resources for Vocational Planning Applied to the Job Title of PHYSICAL THERAPIST

Industrial rehabilitation is a rapidly developing area of health care. As a result, physical therapists need to become functionally familiar with common vocational planning processes and resources. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to describe a process called Vocational Diagnosis and Assessment of Residual Employability (VDARE), which is based on the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) and Classification of Jobs (COJ) resources. We have provided the DOT and COJ classifications for the job title of PHYSICAL THERAPIST as an example of their terminology. A critique of the DOT and COJ, applied to several occupational examples, suggests these resources be used with supplemental task analyses for a given job. The physical therapist, however, can use the VDARE process and the DOT and COJ resources to identify specific and achievable job targets for clients rather than relying solely on traditional trial and error, on-the-job evaluation.
Correlation between Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Sampling and S. aureus Pneumonia in the Medical Intensive Care Unit

Pneumonia in the Medical Intensive Care Unit Author(s): Ramzy H. Rimawi, MD; Keith M. Ramsey, MD; Kaushal B. Shah, MD; Paul P. Cook, MD Source: Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Vol. 35, No. 5 (May 2014), pp. 590-593 Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/675838 . Accessed: 08/04/2014 23:04