cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selective activation of small motor axons by quasitrapezoidal current pulses

A method to activate electrically smaller nerve fibers without activating larger fibers in the same nerve trunk is proposed. The method takes advantage of the fact that action potentials are blocked with less membrane hyperpolarization in larger fibers than in smaller fibers. In this nerve stimulation system, quasitrapezoidal current pulses are delivered through a tripolar cuff electrode to effect differential blocking membrane hyperpolarization. The quasitrapezoidal pulses with a square leading edge, a 350- mu s plateau, and an exponential trailing phase ensure the blockage of propagating action potentials and prevent the occurrence of anodal break excitation. The tripolar cuff electrode design restricts current flow inside the cuff and thus eliminates the undesired nerve stimulation due to a virtual cathode. Experiments were performed on 13 cats. The cuff electrode was placed on the medial gastrocnemius nerve. Both compound and single fiber action potentials were recorded from L7 ventral root filaments. The results demonstrate that larger alpha motor axons could be blocked at lower current levels than smaller alpha motor axons, and that all alpha fibers can be blocked at lower current levels than gamma fibers. >
Growth, photosynthesis, and herbicide tolerance of genetically modified hybrid poplar

Hybrid poplar clone NC–5339 (Populusalba × Populusgrandidentata cv. Crandon) was genetically modified for glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) tolerance by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with genetic constructs (pPMG 85/587 and pCGN 1107) that included the mutant aroA gene for 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase (EC 2.5.1.19) and the neomycin phosphotransferase selectable marker gene. pCGN 1107 also harbored the coding sequence for a chloroplast transit peptide and the CaMV 35S promoter fused to the mutant aroA gene. Transformants were selected for kanamycin tolerance, and integration of the aroA gene was verified by Southern blot analysis. Cuttings of NC-5339 and the derived transformants were rooted and grown in glasshouses at separate locations, with maximum photosynthetic photon flux density of 1600 and 750 μmol•m−2•s−1. Productivity was assessed by growth studies and photosynthesis measurements at both locations. Glyphosate tolerance was tested by (i) measurement of chlorophy...
The effect of the inhibition of protein synthesis on the establishment of lysogeny.

Abstract The establishment of lysogeny in Escherichia coli strain C by phage P 2 was studied. Treatment of infected cells with chloromycetin, amino acid analogs, or 5-hydroxyuridine, or starvation for a required amino acid, increases the frequency of lysogenization, whereas treatment with eyanide, azide, dinitrophenol, or pretreatment with ultraviolet light has no effect. It was also found that treatment with chloromycetin of cells of Salmonella typhi murium infected with phase P 22 increases the frequency of lysogenization by this phage. It is therefore inferred that the selective inhibition of protein synthesis in infected cells tends to favor the lysogenic response over the lytic one. It was also found that treatment of infected cells with proflavine increases the frequency of lysogenization by P 2, and that chloromycetin and proflavine are most effective in this respect when added about half way through the latent period.
The Effect of a Deficiency of Manganese in the Diet of the Hen

Abstract THE development of perosis in chicks is associated with, and perhaps results from, the depletion of certain organs, notably the bones, in manganese. 3 Depletion was effected by feeding a diet deficient in manganese but containing all the other known dietary essentials. Perosis usually occurred in the chicks within three weeks after hatching, during a growth period which coincided with a period of low-manganese retention. The early development of perosis in some chicks less than 14 days of age suggested a possible manganese deficiency during the development of the embryo. The possibility of eggs being deficient in manganese as a result of a deficiency of manganese in the diet of the hen seemed reasonable, since Vecchi (1933) has reported that the manganese content of eggs is increased by feeding massive doses of MnCO3. In the present study, an attempt was made to produce eggs of low manganese content through alterations in . . .
Eluding Metal Contamination in CMOS Front-End Fabrication by Nanocrystal Formation Process

A technique to form metal nanocrystals on silicon or thin SiO2 film by Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) of thin metal film is developed and integrated into standard CMOS processing to make EEPROM devices and improve metal-semiconductor contact resistance. I-V and C-V measurements are carried out on MOSFETs and MOS capacitors containing Au, Ag, Pt, and Si nanocrystals as floating gate for universal mobility and minority carrier lifetime extraction. Mobility around 300 cm2/V-sec and minority carrier lifetime within 0.02 ∼ 0.1 μsec are observed for all cases including the control samples that do not go through the metal nanocrystal formation process, which suggests that the substrate is virtually free from metal contamination. Using this technique, thicker metal film can potentially be achieved as well by stitching thin metal layers on top of the nanocrystals.
Spontaneous Infiltration of Aluminum‐Silicon Alloy into Silicon Carbide Preforms in Air

Fully infiltrated near-net-shape composites of SiC-Al-Si have been fabricated by dipping carbon-containing SiC preforms into a molten Al-40 wt% Si alloy in an open-air environment at 1500–1600°C for 10 min. The infiltration process operates in two different modes, the reaction-controlled and the infiltration-controlled modes. The reaction-controlled mode operates in the beginning of infiltration and the reaction product between Al-Si and C is SiC, whereas the infiltration-controlled mode operates after a certain infiltration depth has been reached, and the reaction product is dominantly Al4SiC4 elongated grains. Typically a fully infiltrated composite consists of a core (the region with Al4SiC4 elongated grain) and a shell (the region without Al4SiC4 elongated grains), and the two regions are separated by an abrupt boundary. The Al4SiC4 in the core is, however, unstable and changes to SiC when the Si concentration in the core increases above a critical value.
The Diplomacy of Shame

Book reviewed in this article: Mary L. Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy
Finding meaning through caregiving: Development of an instrument for family caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease

Systematic assessment of the positive aspects of caregiving has been limited by the lack of comprehensive, theoretically based, and psychometrically sound measures. This study developed and tested a measure primarily designed to assess positive aspects and ways that caregivers find meaning through their experience of caring for a person with dementia. The measure has three subscales: Loss/Powerlessness, which identifies difficult aspects of caregiving; Provisional Meaning, which identifies how caregivers find day-to-day meaning; and Ultimate Meaning, which identifies philosophical/religious/spiritual attributions associated with the experience of caregiving. The measure is useful for understanding the close relationship between both the difficult and positive aspects of caregiving and also may be used to identify a caregiver's strengths in clinical and research settings. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 55: 1107–1125, 1999.
Non-visual feeding behavior of the mottled sculpin, Cottus bairdi, in Lake Michigan

Field and laboratory experiments indicate that the mottled sculpin, Cottus bairdi, feed in the dark. Blinded sculpins feed on a variety of motile prey in the laboratory and show stereotyped responses to prey stimuli. The sculpins bite at moving inert objects, even if buried in substratum, indicating that they use their lateral line system to detect prey. Covering portions of the lateral line with an inert paste eliminates response to objects near the covered region of the lateral line. The sculpins can also detect prey (including inert objects) in a stream if the prey is upstream. Collection from two series of presunset, postsunset, presunrise, postsunrise, dives in Lake Michigan indicate nocturnal feeding by the mottled sculpin.
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis in a patient with pre‐B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: PCR identifying Rhizopus oryzae from culture‐negative tissue specimens

Introduction: Mucormycosis is an aggressive infection that can cause significant disease in immunocompromised patients. Case presentation: A case of a diabetic patient who developed rhinocerebral mucormycosis while receiving consolidation chemotherapy for leukaemia is described. Conclusion: Rhizopus oryzae was identified in tissue biopsies by pan‐fungal PCR and DNA sequencing, which provided the only means to identify the pathogen.
Potential use of mass media to reach urban intravenous drug users with AIDS prevention messages

To access the potential of using the mass media to reach urban intravenous drug users (IVDUs) with AIDS prevention messages, we: 1) questioned 353 participants in a Baltimore IVDU cohort study on their media use and sources of AIDS information, 2) analyzed data on Baltimore AIDS public service announcement (PSA) airings during a 3-month period, and 3) discussed with media executives their willingness to air a variety of potential AIDS messages. Forty-seven percent of all respondents reported that they learned the most about AIDS from television. Participants watched television a median of 28 hours/week; 52% of IVDUs listened to radio 12 hours/week. Eight hundred eleven AIDS television PSAs were aired; 37% of PSAs were placed on news programs; 53% of respondents watched news programs. Acceptability of hypothetical prevention messages (e.g., on sexual abstinence, condom use, or safer drug use practices) varied with media reach (national vs local) and type (television vs radio). We conclude that media could ...
Intermodal Perception of Adult and Child Faces and Voices by Infants

This research investigated the ability of 4- and 7-month-old infants to match unfamiliar, dynamic faces and voices on the basis of age or maturity. In Experiment 1, infants received videotaped trials of an adult and a child of the same gender, side by side, speaking a nursery rhyme in synchrony with one another. The voice to one and then the other face was played in synchrony with the movements of both faces in a random order across 12 trials. On one block of 6 trials a man and a boy were presented, and on the other block a woman and a girl. Results indicated significant matching of the faces and voices at both ages, and the infant's prior experience with children appeared to facilitate matching at 7 months. Further, a visual preference for the children's faces was found. Experiment 2 assessed matching to the same events by 7-month-olds, only with the faces inverted. Results indicated no evidence of matching; however, the visual preference for the children's faces was replicated. Together, the findings suggest that infants are able to detect invariant intermodal relations specifying the age or maturity of a person's face and voice. This matching was most likely based on information that was degraded by inverting the faces, including invariant relations between the sound of the voice and configurational aspects of the face, or between temporal aspects of the voice and the relative motion of facial features.
Crystal Structure Dependence of Antiferromagnetic Coupling in FE/SI Multilayers

Recent reports of temperature dependent antiferromagnetic coupling in Fe/Si multilayers have motivated the generalization of models describing magnetic coupling in metal/metal multilayers to metal/insulator and metal/semiconductor layered systems. Interesting dependence of the magnetic properties on layer thickness and temperature are predicted. We report measurements that show the antiferromagnetic (AF) coupling observed in Fe/Si multilayers is strongly dependent on the crystalline coherence of the silicide interlayer. Electron diffraction images show the silicide interlayer has a CsCl structure. It is not clear at this time whether the interlayer is a poor metallic conductor or a semiconductor so the relevance of generalized coupling theories is unclear.
Improving pharmacist documentation of clinical interventions through focused education

Purpose The impact of a focused education initiative to increase pharmacists’ documentation of clinical interventions is described. Summary A focused education initiative was developed to increase the consistency of pharmacists’ documentation of clinical interventions in order to achieve pharmacy goals and to demonstrate the value of pharmacy services at Carolinas Medical Center in Charlotte, North Carolina. Education was provided through weekly pharmacy newsletter publications, weekly huddles, and monthly staff meetings. Pharmacy clinical specialists were tasked with providing examples of activities that should be documented as interventions, reviewing the selection of intervention categories to best capture the specific activity, and emphasizing the need for appropriate documentation. Monthly progress was monitored, and results were posted publicly to incentivize staff and assist with accountability. Increases in the number of clinical interventions was reported at monthly pharmacy staff meetings to reinforce the value of this process. The total number of pharmacy clinical interventions increased from an average of 12,493 per month in the first quarter of 2012 to an average of 27,978 per month in the second quarter of 2013, representing a 120% improvement. Associated cost-avoidance dollars also increased proportionally, such that the average cost-avoidance dollars in the second quarter of 2013 was $1.5 million per month. In addition, the pharmacy department far exceeded the health system’s division of pharmacy targets for established quality indicators. Effects were sustained during the 12 months after completion of the education initiative. Conclusion Implementation of a focused pharmacist education initiative led to increased numbers of clinical interventions reported and increased documentation of costs avoided.
Native American Management and the Legacy of Working Landscapes in California

hen the Spanish first settled in California in 1769, they entered the homeland of more than 300,000 California Indians whose ancestors had inhabited the region for at least 12,500 years.1,2 These Native Californians were some of the millions of native people living in every part of the continent at the time of contact with Europeans. Yet the idea that the original American landscape was unworked land is persistent and widespread. It colors our relationship to the historical landscapes of North America, particularly those protected in our state and national parks. Because these parks were envisioned as places where people do not live and work, the Indians who lived there had to be removed in order to create
Disease Association and Clinical Assessment of Feline Pericardial Effusion

Records were reviewed from 83 cases to determine the main causes and clinical significance of feline pericardial effusion. The most common causes included hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with congestive heart failure, neoplasia, and systemic infection. Most cases had concurrent or secondary pleural effusion or pulmonary edema, with clinical signs of respiratory disease. However, several cases appeared to be affected solely by pericardial effusion rather than pulmonary pathology. Feline pericardial effusion remains an infrequent diagnosis, but its clinical relevance and association with severe cardiac and extracardiac disease warrant diagnostic evaluation.
Growth and sporulation potential of Clostridium perfringens in aerobic and vacuum-packaged cooked beef

Growth of Clostridium perfringens in aerobic-and anaerobic-(vacuum) packaged cooked ground beef was investigated. Autoclaved ground beef was inoculated with ~3.0-log10 CFU/g of C. perfringens , packaged and stored at various temperatures. Vegetative cells and heat-resistant spores were enumerated by plating unheated and heated (75°C for 20 min) meat samples on tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine agar. Clostridium perfringens grew to >7 logs within 12 h at 28, 37 and 42°C under anaerobic atmosphere and at 37 and 42°C under aerobic conditions. At 28°C under aerobic conditions, growth was relatively slow and total viable count increased to >6 logs within 36 h. Similarly, growth at 15°C in air was both slower and less than under vacuum. Regardless of packaging, the organism either declined or did not grow at 4, 8 and 12°C. Spores were not found at <12°C. Spores were detected as early as 8 h at 42°C under anaerobic conditions, but in general, the type of atmosphere had little influence on sporulation at ≥28°C. Temperature abuse (28°C storage) of refrigerated products for 6 h will not permit C. perfringens growth. However, cyclic and static temperature abuse of such products for relatively long periods may lead to high and dangerous numbers of organisms. Reheating such products to an internal temperature of 65°C before consumption would prevent food poisoning since the vegetative cells were killed.
Plasmid-associated resistance of Salmonella typhimurium to complement activated by the classical pathway

The association of the virulence plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium with resistance to the bactericidal activity of human serum was studied in chromosomally isogenic pairs of strains differing in their virulence plasmid status. The presence of the plasmid correlated in three pairs of strains with resistance to serum. The absence of the plasmid correlated with increased sensitivity to serum, whereas the reintroduction of the plasmid to the cell resulted in the restoration of resistance to serum. Complement was activated by the classical and alternative pathways equally well by both strains of a pair, but the differential bactericidal action of serum was apparent only after the activation of complement by the classical pathway. No differences in the chemical compositions or in the molecular weight ranges of the lipopolysaccharides were apparent between paired strains. This work confirms the presence of a virulence plasmid-associated mechanism of resistance to serum and distinguishes it from lipopolysaccharide-mediated resistance.
Electromyographic gradients as a function of tracking cues

Malmo’s (1965) arousal gradient hypothesis apparently requires heart rate (HR) gradients during tracking of somesthetic cues in the absence of EMG gradients. A pressure tracking task was performed by 14 undergraduates with visual cues (VT) and while blindfolded. HR gradients occurred concomitantly with EMG gradients during VT, but not during blindfolded tracking when significant intratrial changes in EMGs were prevented.
Analysis of erythromycin

Abstract Erythromycin forms association complexes with four sulfonic acid dyes that can be extracted into chloroform and quantified by spectrophotometry. Of the dyes studied, MO and O IV form 1:1 complexes with the conjugate acid of erythromycin. Solutions containing 20 to 100 μg/ml of erythromycin can be conveniently analyzed by use of MO and the method described.
Eyes of the Female Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae. I. Morphology

The anterior eyes of the female Tetranychus urticae (Koch) on the basis of their structure, can serve as scanning-point detectors. The posterior eyes are not shielded and appear to be non-directional receptors.
Phospholipids and Complementary Activity

In a previous communication,1 it was demonstrated that prolonged extraction of active, dehydrated complement with organic solvents, i. e., alcohol, ether, etc., resulted in no reduction of complementary activity. In fact, the recovered lipids often exhibited anticomplementary properties when returned to the extracted residues prior to titrations.Recently, Bloor and Snyder2 have noted that a buffered suspension of oxidized phospholipids oxidizes a sensitive methylene blue preparation.In view of earlier work from this laboratory,3 which revealed an intimate connection between complementary powers and oxido-reduction phenomena, it was decided worthwhile to study the effect of oxidized and unoxidized cephalin and lecithin on complementary activity.Purified preparations of the 2 phospholipids were employed throughout these experiments. The oxidized phospholipids were prepared according to the technic of Bloor and Snider and complement was titrated by the method advocated by Ecker, Pillemer, Wertheimer and Grad...
Effect of adenovirus-mediated NELL1 on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in mice

Objective To study the effect of recombinant adenovirus-mediated NELL1 on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts(MC3T3E1) and expression of osteocalcin(OCN) and osteopontin(OPN) in mice.Methods Expression of recombinant adenovirus-transfected green fluorescence protein(GFP) and NELL1 was identified with immunofluorescence staining.MC3T3E1 transfected with adenovirus-mediated NELL1 were observed under fluorescent microscope and divided into control group,NELL1 group,and GFP group.Growth curve was plotted for MC3T3E1 with a CCK-8 kit.The number of calcium nodules was calculated with alizarin red staining.Expression of osteoblast master genes(OCN and OPN) was detected by real-time PCR.Results The immunofluorescence showed that the bone marrow matrix cells expressed both GFP and NELL1 72h after transfected with adenovirus-mediated NELL1.At the best multiplicity of infection(MOI)=200pfu/cell,the adenovirus-mediated NELL1 and GFP had no significant effect on the proliferation of MC3T3E1.The number of calcium nodules was significantly greater in NELL1 group than in control group and GFP group(7±2 vs 2±1 and 2±1,P0.05).The expression levels of OCN and OPN were 3.7-fold and 5.1-fold higher in NELL1 group than in control group(P0.05).Conclusion Adenovirus-mediated NELL1 can effectively promote the differentiation of osteoblasts with no significant toxicity to their proliferation.
Muscle Strength: Clinical and Prognostic Value of Hand-grip Dynamometry

Purpose of reviewGrip strength measured by dynamometry is well established as an indicator of muscle status, particularly among older adults. This review was undertaken to provide a synopsis of recent literature addressing the clinical and prognostic value of hand-grip dynamometry.Recent findingsNum
Circulating N‐Linked Glycoprotein Side‐Chain Biomarker, Rosuvastatin Therapy, and Incident Cardiovascular Disease: An Analysis From the JUPITER Trial

Background GlycA, a novel protein glycan biomarker of N ‐acetyl side chains of acute‐phase proteins, was recently associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in healthy women. Whether GlycA predicts CVD events in the setting of statin therapy in men and women without CVD but with evidence of chronic inflammation is unknown. Methods and Results In the Justfication for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER) trial (NCT00239681), participants with low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol 0.20). Conclusion In the JUPITER trial, increased levels of GlycA were associated with an increased risk of CVD events independent of traditional risk factors and hsCRP. Clinical Trials Registration URL: . Unique identifier: NCT00239681.
Urethral Responses to Position Changes

Urethral closure pressure will be affected by position changes in both the normal, continent woman and the woman suffering from genuine stress incontinence. Typically, as shown in Fig. 18.1, the continent woman will respond to the increasing stress of a more upright position by increasing skeletal muscle activity within the wall of the urethra as well as within the pelvic floor musculature to lead to an increase in urethral closure pressure. In Fig. 18.1, this is demonstrated by an increased urethral pressure and urethral closure pressure in the sitting position when compared to the supine position. This recruitment of skeletal muscle is a normal compensating response reflected in the periurethral EMG activity.
Multi-bed tracer kinetic imaging of micro-parameters from dynamic time-of-flight PET data

Compartmental modelling in dynamic imaging requires the full time course of the activity distribution to be sampled. Due to the need for increased early temporal sampling, leading to severely low signal to noise ratio (SNR) in those early frames, such protocols are restricted to a single bed. Time-of-flight (TOF) imaging has been shown to improve the SNR in static imaging applications. When used in dynamic imaging, the effective NEC gain could be used to generate TOF equivalent dynamic data with reduced frame duration and allow interleaving between adjacent bed positions to increase the axial extent from single bed to multi-bed acquisitions. Coupling this with the recent introduction of continuous bed motion acquisition modes, could make such a dynamic protocol feasible. Using simulated data based on the Siemens mCT, we propose an axially extended dynamic imaging protocol and demonstrate the feasibility of generating TOF equivalent dynamic data as well as extending kinetic parameter estimation using compartmental modelling from single-to multi-bed dynamic imaging.
False Vocal Fold Characteristics in Presbylarynges and Recurrent Laryngeal Neuropathy

Objective:Conflicting data exist regarding false vocal fold (FVF) anatomy; it is unclear if this structure is an extension of the thyroarytenoid muscle or an independent muscle system. This confusion is amplified by diverse clinical findings in the setting of unilateral recurrent laryngeal neuropathy and presbylarynges. We sought to characterize FVF behavior in these contexts.Methods:Laryngoscopic/stroboscopic examinations from 11 patients with unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis and 12 patients with presbylarynges were reviewed by 4 laryngologists, blinded to the goal of the study but informed of diagnosis. Variables related to FVF structure and function at rest and during phonation were rated.Results:In recurrent laryngeal neuropathy, no significant association between atrophic/paretic vocal fold (VF) and FVF size was observed at rest (P = .69). During phonation, FVF compression was noted bilaterally; contralateral FVF hypertrophy was more common (P = .002). In presbylarynges, neither FVF size ...
WOMEN AND WAR: DECONSTRUCTING THE NOTION OF VICTIMS AND RECONSTRUCTING THEIR ROLE AS PEACE BUILDERS

Ever since the Iliad , women at war have been displayed mostly in various passive roles: whether the cause of fighting –the fair Helen– or victims of its aftermath –the weeping mothers and widows– women remained at the periphery of war, which has been typically a patriarchal enterprise. Sanctioned by centuries of religious and secular literature, from Egyptian hieroglyphics and reliefs to Sun-Tzu or von Clausewitz, the relationships between women and war allocated those two functions: women are either identified as ominous origin of conflict and imbalance ( causa efficiens ), or the ultimate receptors ( causa finalis ) of war. Of course, that imagery had to be deconstructed just like it had been erected: not just by narrative means but also as whole social construct, and so that is the aim of Fatuma Ahmed Ali in her Mujeres y guerra (Women and war). Key words: Women, war, peace
Lack of utility of measuring serum bilirubin concentration in distinguishing perforation status of pediatric appendicitis.

Abstract Background Pediatric appendicitis is a common, potentially serious condition. Determining perforation status is crucial to planning effective management. Purpose Determine the efficacy of serum total bilirubin concentration [STBC] in distinguishing perforation status in children with appendicitis. Methods Retrospective review of 257 cases of appendicitis who received abdominal CT scan and measurement of STBC. Results There were 109 with perforation vs 148 without perforation. Although elevated STBC was significantly more common in those with [36%] vs without perforation [22%], the mean difference in elevated values between groups [0.1mg/dL] was clinically insignificant. Higher degrees of hyperbilirubinemia [>2mg/dL] were rarely encountered [5%]. Predictive values for elevated STBC in distinguishing perforation outcome were imprecise [sensitivity 38.5%, specificity 78.4%, PPV 56.8%, NPV 63.4%]. ROC curve analysis of multiple clinical and other laboratory factors for predicting perforation status was unenhanced by adding the STBC variable. Specific analysis of those with perforated appendicitis and percutaneously-drained intra-abdominal abscess which was culture-positive for Escherichia coli showed an identical rate of STBC elevation compared to all with perforation. Conclusions The routine measurement of STBC does not accurately distinguish perforation status in children with appendicitis, nor discern infecting organism in those with perforation and intra-abdominal abscess.
Passive and active light control using computational metamaterials

We report on our latest developments in computational metamaterials based nanophotonics devices. Non-linear optimization is used to design passive metamaterials for ultracompact on-chip polarization rotator and waveguide cloaks. We also report a novel method of implementing active control to such devices and present the design of an all-optical modulator. Our devices exhibit efficient performance at a much smaller footprint compared to similar conventional devices.
THE INFLUENCE OF LEARNING APPROACH AND MOTIVATION ON MATHEMATICS LEARNING RESULTS OF CLASS V STUDENT AT SD IN BULUKUMBA DISTRICT

The research is experiment which aims to discaver: (i) the influence of approach, learning, and interaction collaboratively on learning result, (ii) the difference of mathematics learning results of the student who were taught by employing Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) approach and problem posing approach, (iii) the difference of mathematics learning results of students who have very high and high motivation, (iv) the interaction influence of learning approach with motivation on mathematics learning result, (v) the difference of mathematics learning results of the students who were taught by employing RME approach with very high and high motivation, (vi) the difference of mathmatics learning results of the studentswho were taught by employing problem posing approach with very high and high motivation, (vii) the difference of mathematics learning results of the student who have very high motivation taught by employing RME approach and problem posing approach, and (viii) the difference of mathematics learning results of the student who have high motivation taught by employing RME approach and problem posing approach of class V student at SD in Bulukumba District. The populations of the research were all class V students at SD in Bulukumba District of Academic Year 2015/2016. From the populations, two classes were chosen by using cluster random sampling method as the sample. The instruments of the research after validated covered learning implementation observation, motivation questionnaire, test, and observation sheets. Then, it was analyzed by using descriptive analysis and ANAVA. The results of the research reveal that (i) there is inflence of approach, learning, and interaction collaboratively on the students’ learning results, (ii) there is no difference of mathematics learning results of the student who were taught by employing RME approach and problem posing approach, (iii) there is a difference of mathematics learning results of the students who have very high and high motivation, (iv) there is interaction influence of learning approach with motivation on mathematics learning result, (v) there is no difference of mathematics learning results of the students who have very high and high motivation taught by employing RME approach, (vi) there is a difference af mathematics learning results of the student who have very high and high motivation taught by employing problem posing approach, (vii) there is no difference of mathematics learning results of the student who have very high motivation and taught by using RME approach and problem posing approach, and (viii) there is no difference of mathematics learning results of the students who have high motivation and taught by using RME approach and problem posing approach
Animated Flow Maps for Visualizing Human Movement: Two Demonstrations with Air Traffic and Twitter Data

We present a novel flow mapping method called Animated Flow Mapper. Conventional flow mapping uses the thickness of a flow line to differentiate the volume of a flow and arrows to represent the direction. These flow mapping methods have suffered from problems of occlusion especially for visualizing large volumes of data, and when many flows converge at--or diverge from--single points. The Animated Flow Mapper aims to circumvent these problems of occlusion and to provide a more effective visualization of the patterns of the flows. The method uses thin dashed lines of equal width, which are animated to represent the directions and volumes of flows of moving objects by repeatedly redrawing each dashed-line at different speeds. The case studies and results of a human subject opinion survey show the advantages of the Animated Flow Mapper are comparable to other flow mapping methods.
Teaching Operative Skills

One aspect of faculty development that has received limited attention is the development of operative teaching skills. Just what the best way to teach operative orthopaedic surgery is a controversial area, and there is probably no one best way to provide this education. What we hope to provide in this chapter is a useful discussion of both theoretical and practical aspects of teaching operative skills to resident in the operating room to maximize the limited time available, as well as ensure patient safety. The authors use the structured framework of the BID model as an introduction, along with a discussion of other aspects which may influence the quality of education.
The Generalized Scattering Problems: Ergodic Type Theorems

In the paper we prove that for the Schrodinger radial equation with Coulomb type potential the generalized dynamical scattering operator coincides with the corresponding generalized stationary scattering operator. This fact is quantum mechanical analogue of ergodic results in the classical mechanics.
INHIBITION OF LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION BY CATECHOLAMINES : EVIDENCE FOR A NON-CLASSICAL MECHANISM OF CATECHOLAMINE ACTION

The effects of noradrenaline and other adrenergic agonists on lymphocyte activation were studied. Spleen and thymus cells from BALB/c mice were stimulated by mitogens and lymphocyte activation was monitored by measuring the incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine into DNA. Noradrenaline, adrenaline, isoproterenol and dopamine all inhibited the activation of spleen and thymus cells by concanavalin A, a T-cell specific mitogen, and the activation of spleen cells by lipopolysaccharide, a T-independent B-cell mitogen. The various catecholamines were approximately equipotent, having IC50 of approximately 10 microM. alpha-adrenergic agonists (phenylephrine, clonidine) did not inhibit lymphocyte activation. Noradrenaline, adrenaline and isoproterenol also inhibited DNA synthesis in S49 T lymphoma cells. The effects of adrenergic receptor antagonists on lymphocyte function were also studied. The inhibition of lymphocyte activation by catecholamines could not be reversed by antagonists to beta-adrenergic receptors (propranolol), alpha-adrenergic receptors (phentolamine), or dopaminergic receptors (haloperidol). Experiments with human peripheral blood leucocytes revealed that, as with murine cells, the beta-adrenergic antagonists propranolol and nadalol did not affect the catecholamine-mediated inhibition of lymphocyte activation. Although lymphocytes contain beta-adrenergic receptors that are coupled to adenylyl cyclase activity, catecholamines appear to inhibit murine lymphocyte activation by a mechanism that is independent of these or other classical adrenergic receptors.
Reflections on the Sixtieth Anniversary of the Communications Act of 1934

Television first came to the public's attention in the United States in 1938, after RCA demonstrated television at the Chicago World's Fair. Mr. S.E. Hubbard, my dear dad, who was a great broadcast pioneer, having built his first radio station in 1923,(note 1) was very taken by the concept of television, and he prevailed upon his friend, David Sarnoff, to sell to KSTP-our radio station in St. Paul, Minnesota-a television camera, which we believe was the first such commercial sale, at least to a non-RCA owned station. In the summer of 1938, KSTP arranged a live downtown demonstration of television in downtown Minneapolis. Six mirror reflector television sets were installed at the Radisson Hotel and an American Legion parade could be viewed by interested persons on television monitors located inside the hotel.
Physiological Correlates of Insomnia

Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder that is typically comorbid with medical, psychiatric, and other sleep disorders. Yet, it is a disorder with its own course and morbidity that can persist if untreated. This chapter describes the physiological correlates of insomnia expressed during sleep and during the daytime. Together, the data from nighttime and daytime electrophysiology, event-related brain potential recording, neuroimaging studies, sympathetic nervous system, and HPA axis monitoring all suggest that insomnia is a 24 h disorder of hyperarousal.
Challenges to Recruiting Black Males Into Early Childhood Education

There is a lack of Black male teachers working with young children in early childhood education (ECE). This qualitative research investigated 23 Black male participants’ beliefs about challenges to...
Experiences of Pretenure Counseling Professor Mothers

Researchers have identified some of the factors that inhibit the success of mothers in academia, including overt and covert discrimination, inequitable teaching and service assignments, and the lack of policies that support combining motherhood and academic work. Pretenure mothers are particularly vulnerable, as they attempt to balance increasing demands for achieving tenure and the overlap of the tenure and biological clocks. In addition to further exploring these factors, this phenomenological study of 10 women counseling professors considered the impact of rising cultural expectations related to motherhood. Results of this study revealed that combining pretenure academic work and motherhood seems to be increasingly more challenging. Themes highlighted include instances of incompatibility in academic and motherhood roles and barriers in academic culture. Also provided are positive aspects of academic motherhood, strategies for success under current cultural and academic systems, and suggestions for advo...
Engaging Students w/ Synchronous Online Learning Activities

BRIEF SESSION DESCRIPTION:Participants will engage in an online mini-workshop that will provide experiences to engage with hands-on materials in an online synchronous setting.Â Emphasis will be placed on 10 pedagogical strategies that engage students in this online environment.Â This mini-session will not take place in a traditional classroom, instead we will model it in a virtual classroom, although the facilitators will be available in person on site for technical help.Â Participants will be able to implement 10 new practices into their online class to increase engagement for student learners.**This session takes places online. Â Participants will need access to a laptop with microphone and speakers or headset and wi-fi.**_______________________________________________________________FULL ABSTRACT:In this session, we will engage in 10 practices for synchronous online learning that are engaging and can not be done face-to-face. We will make a case that synchronous online learning can be better than traditional face-to-face learning. Participants will explore online synchronous learning while progressing through the four levels of the Substitution, Augmentation, Modification and Redefinition (SAMR) model.Â Online teaching is becoming more and more common. In this session, we will review common practices and the need for increased engagement in asynchronous classes using the SAMR model. This model is used to determine if the technology simply replaces something previously done before computers, if the technology makes the activity better, or if the activity could have never been envisioned without the computer. We will make a case for the need for synchronous classes because they provide not only a parallel to face-to-face classes, but they have the opportunity to go beyond anything that you could do in the classroom. This fourth level of the SAMR model, Redefinition, allows for learning that was previously inconceivable. We will model ten practices for synchronous classes that make online learning more engaging than face-to-face. These ten practices can only be done online, making online teaching a better option for our globalized world.Â Each of these ten practices were piloted in over fifteen online courses in the Mathematics Education Leadership department of the College of Human Development and Education at George Mason University.Â In this mini workshop, participants will enter a virtual classroom using Blackboard Collaborate.Â We do not want to meet in an actual classroom. Participants should access a laptop with Wi-Fi access, headphones and microphone.Â Participants will be able to implement 10 new practices into their online class to increase engagement for student learners.
HistoryTracker: Minimizing Human Interactions in Baseball Game Annotation

The sport data tracking systems available today are based on specialized hardware (high-definition cameras, speed radars, RFID) to detect and track targets on the field. While effective, implementing and maintaining these systems pose a number of challenges, including high cost and need for close human monitoring. On the other hand, the sports analytics community has been exploring human computation and crowdsourcing in order to produce tracking data that is trustworthy, cheaper and more accessible. However, state-of-the-art methods require a large number of users to perform the annotation, or put too much burden into a single user. We propose HistoryTracker, a methodology that facilitates the creation of tracking data for baseball games by warm-starting the annotation process using a vast collection of historical data. We show that HistoryTracker helps users to produce tracking data in a fast and reliable way.
FUDGE: fuzz driver generation at scale

At Google we have found tens of thousands of security and robustness bugs by fuzzing C and C++ libraries. To fuzz a library, a fuzzer requires a fuzz driver—which exercises some library code—to which it can pass inputs. Unfortunately, writing fuzz drivers remains a primarily manual exercise, a major hindrance to the widespread adoption of fuzzing. In this paper, we address this major hindrance by introducing the Fudge system for automated fuzz driver generation. Fudge automatically generates fuzz driver candidates for libraries based on existing client code. We have used Fudge to generate thousands of new drivers for a wide variety of libraries. Each generated driver includes a synthesized C/C++ program and a corresponding build script, and is automatically analyzed for quality. Developers have integrated over 200 of these generated drivers into continuous fuzzing services and have committed to address reported security bugs. Further, several of these fuzz drivers have been upstreamed to open source projects and integrated into the OSS-Fuzz fuzzing infrastructure. Running these fuzz drivers has resulted in over 150 bug fixes, including the elimination of numerous exploitable security vulnerabilities.
Analysis of Soft Tissue Materials for Simulation Development.

Introduction To meet unique demands and stretch budgets, simulations will often be made rather than purchased. Although 3-dimensional printing can be useful, there are significant physical limitations of these materials. This project is intended to begin examining the physical properties of materials used in casting/molding that may be useful for simulant soft tissue creation. Methods A variety of materials (foams and rubbers, urethanes and silicones, ballistic and food grade gels) were cast in standardized forms for analysis and visualized via computed tomography scanner and ultrasound (US). Each sample was also tested using 18ga and 22ga needles to determine force required for penetration. Results Silicone rubbers were generally well visualized via US, with computed tomography imaging showing between 100 and 200 Hounsfield units. Ballistic and food grade gels measured in the areas of -175 and 8 Hounsfield units, respectively, while being clear under US. Foams, particularly the urethane, demonstrated low Hounsfield units and were essentially opaque to US because of air cell artifact. Needle force requirements ranged from 0.05 to 23.34 N. Gels and foams were in the lower range, but there was overlap with the silicone. The use of additives in the silicones allowed for a wide range of needle forces and tactile experiences. Conclusions Silicone and urethane materials can mimic soft tissues, for both imaging and interventions. Although there is significant potential for independent production of custom, high-fidelity simulants, further work is required to identify preferable combinations of materials and optimal techniques for their use.
HiCNN2: Enhancing the Resolution of Hi-C Data Using an Ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks.

We present a deep-learning package named HiCNN2 to learn the mapping between low-resolution and high-resolution Hi-C (a technique for capturing genome-wide chromatin interactions) data, which can enhance the resolution of Hi-C interaction matrices. The HiCNN2 package includes three methods each with a different deep learning architecture: HiCNN2-1 is based on one single convolutional neural network (ConvNet); HiCNN2-2 consists of an ensemble of two different ConvNets; and HiCNN2-3 is an ensemble of three different ConvNets. Our evaluation results indicate that HiCNN2-enhanced high-resolution Hi-C data achieve smaller mean squared error and higher Pearson’s correlation coefficients with experimental high-resolution Hi-C data compared with existing methods HiCPlus and HiCNN. Moreover, all of the three HiCNN2 methods can recover more significant interactions detected by Fit-Hi-C compared to HiCPlus and HiCNN. Based on our evaluation results, we would recommend using HiCNN2-1 and HiCNN2-3 if recovering more significant interactions from Hi-C data is of interest, and HiCNN2-2 and HiCNN if the goal is to achieve higher reproducibility scores between the enhanced Hi-C matrix and the real high-resolution Hi-C matrix.
Help wanted!: A researcher’s guide to utility-university collaborations

Abstract Electric utilities have long collaborated with academic researchers, but the lifecycle of these relationships has not been studied systematically. We fill that gap by interviewing utility personnel and quantitatively analyzing papers published by utility-university collaborations. This work suggests best practices for initiating and ensuring the success of utility-university collaborations, while also commenting on the range of collaboration opportunities.
Robotic Repair of a Right Hepatic Artery-to-Common Hepatic Duct Fistula Status Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

Background: Arteriobiliary fistula is a rare pathology and is often attributable to iatrogenic causes. Acute presentation is common because of shunting of high-pressure blood from the hepatic arter...