cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Leukocyte Reference Intervals for Free-Ranging Hummingbirds in Northern California, USA

Abstract: Hummingbirds are specialized nectarivores and important ecological pollinators that are the focus of conservation efforts as well as scientific investigations of metabolism and flight dynamics. Despite their importance, basic information is lacking about hummingbird blood cells. We aimed to establish reference intervals for total and differential leukocyte counts from healthy free-ranging hummingbirds in northern California. Hummingbirds were captured in four counties in spring and summer of 2012. A drop of blood was used to prepare smears for total white blood cell estimate and 200-cell differential leukocyte counts. Reference Value Advisor was used for descriptive statistics and calculation of reference intervals. Blood smears from 42 Anna's Hummingbirds (Calypte anna) and 33 Black-chinned Hummingbirds (Archilochus alexandri) were included. The only significant differences in leukocyte counts were due to age, and juvenile hummingbirds had significantly higher lymphocyte counts than adult humm...
Local and global temporal correlations for longitudinal data

Abstract Quantifying the association between a pair of random functions recorded over a time period is of general interest. Several methods have been proposed in the literature but they either suffer from an ill-posed problem intrinsic to functional data or are suitable only for intensely recorded longitudinal data. In this paper we provide new methods that overcome these challenges by investigating the temporal Pearson correlation between paired random functions. We investigate both a local temporal correlation measure and a global summary measure of the dynamic temporal correlations and propose a nonparametric estimation method that covers both intensely observed and sparsely observed longitudinal data. Asymptotic results of the estimators are derived under mild conditions and the method is illustrated via simulations and a benchmark data set.
Scientific Knowledge Fraud

The tobacco, asbestos, and fossil fuel industries, among others, have misled the public about the dangers posed by their products by lying about the science behind the products. Individuals harmed by these misrepresentations should be able to sue for fraud. Plaintiffs in fraud cases of this kind—where the misrepresentation pertains to scientific knowledge—face far greater obstacles to proving falsity, a required fraud element, than do typical fraud plaintiffs. Accordingly, a different falsity standard should apply in such cases. This Article answers three questions about how that standard should be crafted and applied. First, how should a court determine if a case before it is one to which this new standard should apply? Second, how should the court determine what knowledge the scientific community held at a given time for the purpose of assessing the truthfulness or falsity of a statement or omission? And third, how should courts compare that baseline truth with the defendant’s statement or omission to determine falsity? Answering these questions should help make it possible for those harmed by scientific knowledge fraud to obtain relief.
Typical Stroke Symptoms with Atypical Imaging: a case series of cortical ribboning on MRI representing acute ischemic stroke (P3.253)

Objective: The typical MRI changes of Acute Ischemic Stroke(AIS) include Diffusion Weighted Image(DWI) restriction in a vascular distribution. Here we present a case series with atypical MRI findings. Background: NA Design/Methods: Case 1: A 65-year-old female presented with right gaze preference, left facial droop, dysarthria and left hemiplegia. BP was high, serum glucose was low, and WBC and lactate were elevated. Non Contrast CT(NCCT) scan and CT Angiogram and Perfusion(CTA/P) were normal. MRI Brain revealed cortical ribbon restricted diffusion of the entire right cerebral cortex as well as deep grey nuclei(1.a). Antibiotics and antivirals were started due to concern for encephalitis. EEG revealed periodic lateralized discharges from right hemisphere but no electrographic seizures. Detailed CSF studies were negative. Echocardiogram and cardiac telemetry monitoring were normal. Case 2: A 79-year-old male presented with global aphasia and right hemiparesis. NCCT and CTA/P were normal. MRI showed cortical ribbon restricted diffusion in the entire left cerebral cortex with involvement of the deep grey nuclei(1.b). Steroids were started due to concern for autoimmune encephalitis. Detailed CSF studies were negative. EEG did not show any epileptiform activity. He was ultimately found to have Type-A aortic dissection which was not seen on his prior CTA which began only at the brachiocephalic origin. Results: These MRI findings are atypical for AIS raising concern for alternative diagnoses. Hypothetically, a transient internal carotid artery occlusion in the setting of a fetal origin PCA could produce this picture given the relative metabolic demand of grey vs. white matter. Conclusions: To our knowledge these MRI features for ischemic strokes have never been reported in literature. One should be cognizant of possible mechanism for this radiological picture in stroke patients. Study Supported by: NA Disclosure: Dr. Niazi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tiwana has nothing to disclose. Dr. Elangovan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ermak has nothing to disclose.
The impact of progressive pelvic floor muscle exercise and manual therapy in a patient postpartum who met the criteria for sacroiliac joint pain based on Laslett’s cluster of provocation signs

Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain has been identified as a primary or contributing source of pain in patients with low back pain. The Laslett cluster of SIJ pain provocation tests has the strongest evidence for noninvasive clinical testing. The purpose of this report was to describe the impact of physical therapy treatments for a patient postpartum with SIJ pain who satisfied the Laslett cluster. Specifically, the goal was to assess the impact of progressive pelvic floor muscle exercise and manual therapy. The Modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (MODI) was the primary outcome measure used in this case. In addition, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRPS) and Global Rating of Change (GROC) were used as secondary outcome measures. In this case report, the patient responded to the combined interventions with decreases in MODI, NRPS and GROC. Further research is warranted to develop stronger evidence to identify specific interventions for the treatment of SIJ pain.
Systemic immunization with Hsp60 alters the development of chlamydial ocular disease.

Purpose. To determine whether immunization with recombinant Hsp60 would exacerbate ocular pathology on challenge with viable chlamydial elementary bodies. Methods. Guinea pigs were immunized either subcutaneously with recombinant Hsp60 or both subcutaneously with recombinant Hsp60 and ocularly with attenuated Salmonella typhimurium expressing the guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC) Hsp60 antigen. All animals were challenged in the conjunctiva with the agent of GPIC, and the degree of gross ocular pathology was determined. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody titers to Hsp60 were measured in ocular secretions as a measure of the degree of immunization. Results. In primary and challenge GPIC infection, the degree of gross ocular pathology was lower in the immunized group. The presence of high IgA and IgG antibody titers to Hsp60 in tears suggested that the response may have been modified by the presence of blocking antibodies that either may have removed the antigen quickly or prevented interaction with sensitized T cells. In contrast to subcutaneous immunization, the combined immunization regimen, consisting of subcutaneous recombinant Hsp60 followed by ocular inoculation of the attenuated Salmonella, resulted in no difference in gross pathology after reinfection of guinea pigs with GPIC. Conclusions. These data indicated that the immunization with Hsp60 did not produce exacerbated disease on challenge with viable organisms ; however, the data suggested that the route of administration, form of antigen, or both may be critical in the disease process. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995 ;36 :1344-1351.
A Geometric-based Sketch Recognition Approach for Handwritten Mandarin Phonetic Symbols I.

Abstract Inputting written Chinese, unlike written English, is a non-trivial operation using a standard keyboard. To accommodate this operation, numerous existing phonetic systems using the Roman alphabet were adopted as a means of input while still making use of a Western keyboard. With the growing prevalence of computing devices capable of pen-based input, naturally sketching written Chinese using a phonetic system becomes possible, and is also generally faster and simpler than sketching entire Chinese characters. One method for sketching Chinese characters for computing devices capable of pen-based input involves using an existing non-alphabetic phonetic system called the Mandarin Phonetic Symbols I (MPS1). The benefits of inputting Chinese characters by its corresponding MPS1 symbols – unlike letters from its alphabetic-based counterpart – is that it retains the phonemic components of the corresponding Chinese characters. The work in the paper describes our geometric-based MPS1 recognition system, a system designed particularly for novice users of MPS1 symbols that gives reasonable vision-based recognition rates and provides useful feedback for symbols drawn with incorrect sketching technique such as stroke order.
"I knew him in Padua": London theatre and early modern constructions of erudition

This paper examines one aspect of the two-way cultural traffic between London and Padua: how the city of Padua figured in debates about the nature of masculinity in early modern London, especially its theatres. Invariably known primarily for its university—noted by Coryat and Moryson, a tourist attraction for Chaucer, Sidney, and Milton—the name “Padua” became synonymous with “erudition.” While learnedness was in theory a positive quality, the place of learnedness in a declining honor culture and its complex role in constituting masculinity remained a contentious subject. English writers by turns envied or scorned the learning acquired in Italy, and invocations of Padua and its link to rapier fencing resulted in a series of contradictory figures in the drama of Shakespeare and Webster: doctors, pedants, enlightened philosophers, lovers, murderers for hire.
Biochemical and microbiological evaluation of N-aryl urea derivatives against mycobacteria and mycobacterial hydrolases

A focused library of 24 N-aryl urea derivatives was prepared and evaluated against serine esterases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) Rv3802c and Mtb Ag85C. The members of the library were evaluated for both selectivity and mode of inhibition. Furan-based urea derivative 6c was found to be the most potent non-covalent inhibitor of Rv3802c with a Ki value of 5.2 ± 0.7 μM. On the other hand, triazole-based ureas 10a and 10b selectively inhibited Ag85C irreversibly with a kinact/Ki value of 2.3 ± 0.3 and 5.5 ± 0.4 × 10−3 μM−1 min−1, respectively. The library was also evaluated for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against two strains of Mtb, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Mycobacterium abscessus. Compounds 4a and 4c were active against Mtb H37Rv mc26206 with MIC values of 3.12 and 1.5 μM, respectively. Closely related 4e showed similar activity against Mtb H37Rv mc26206 but also possessed activity against Mtb H37Ra, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium abscessus. Compounds 4a, 4c, and 4e all contained a common 1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-3-phenylurea motif. In summary, we identified a selective non-covalent inhibitor of Rv3802c and covalently irreversible inhibitors of Ag85C as well as the 1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-3-phenylurea motif which showed activity against a variety of mycobacteria.
Arthroscopic Triceps Repair

Triceps injuries are relatively uncommon, but the character of the tendon attachment lends itself to arthroscopic repair. The diagnosis is made by a history of injury, pain, and weakness localized to the posterior elbow. On examination, the triceps stress test provides evidence of triceps injury. Radiographs may show triceps traction spurs, and MRI will clearly show the damaged tendon. Indications for surgery include pain and limitations of activity, while contraindications are active infection in the olecranon bursa or lack of surgical experience with arthroscopic techniques. The surgical technique of a double row repair requires the surgeon to be comfortable viewing and operating in both the elbow joint and the olecranon bursa. Protection of the ulnar nerve is essential and represents the major risk in performing the surgery. The olecranon attachment site is debrided and a double- or triple-loaded anchor inserted for the proximal row repair. The sutures are retrieved through the triceps proximal to the tear and the proximal tendon repaired. The arthroscope is switched to the bursal view, and the sutures are retrieved and a second row of the repair is completed. Postoperatively, the patient is placed in a posterior splint in near full extension followed by the use of a protective brace that allows a gradual return of motion. Physical therapy is initiated at 1 week but restricted to being performed in the protective brace for 6 weeks. Athletic sport conditioning is started and allowed to progress as tolerated, with a return to sport usually by 4 months.
Inhibition of blood group antibodies by soluble substances.

The presence of multiple alloantibodies or an antibody to a high-prevalance antigen in a patient sample can pose challenges in antibody identification. The pattern of reactivity seen on an antibody panel may show various strengths of reactivity by different methods of testing or same strength of reactivity at one or more phases of testing. To ensure proper identification, multiple investigative tools may be used. We review one of these methods-inhibition by soluble substances-which has become an expansion of our toolbox within the past 10 years. Alloantibodies can be inhibited using specific soluble substances. These soluble substances occur naturally in various fluids or can be manufactured. When a patient sample contains multiple antibodies, clinically significant or not, inhibition of one may help determine specificities of others. Specific inhibition of a particular antibody will also help to confirm its presence. The presence of multiple alloantibodies or an antibody to a high-prevalance antigen in a patient sample can pose challenges in antibody identification. The pattern of reactivity seen on an antibody panel may show various strengths of reactivity by different methods of testing or same strength of reactivity at one or more phases of testing. To ensure proper identification, multiple investigative tools may be used. We review one of these methods—inhibition by soluble substances—which has become an expansion of our toolbox within the past 10 years. Alloantibodies can be inhibited using specific soluble substances. These soluble substances occur naturally in various fluids or can be manufactured. When a patient sample contains multiple antibodies, clinically significant or not, inhibition of one may help determine specificities of others. Specific inhibition of a particular antibody will also help to confirm its presence.
Thirty-Day Complications in Osteonecrosis Patients Following Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Thirty-day complications in osteonecrosis (ON) patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) are inconsistently reported. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate (1) the incidence of THA, (2) operative times, (2) length of stay, (3) reoperation rates, (4) readmission rates, and (5) complication rates, in the general vs ON THA populations. We also substratified and compared these cohorts based on ON-specific risk factors. Methods Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, Current Procedural Terminology code 27130, International Classification of Disease, Ninth Edition code 733.42, and a 1:1 propensity score match, a total of 8344 matched ON and non-ON THA patients were identified. ON patients were also substratified based on key risk factors. The above variables were compared between the matched ON and non-ON cohorts as well as for patients with each risk factor using Pearson’s chi-square and Student t-tests. Results The proportion of THAs performed on ON patients decreased by 35% from 2008 to 2015. Mean operative times were constant between the ON and non-ON patients (102 minutes). ON patients had shorter mean length of stay (3.1 vs 3.4 days, P = .002). Of the 17 different 30-day complications evaluated, superficial surgical site infection (1.2% vs 0.6%, P = .004), pneumonia (0.8% vs 0.2%, P = .001), transfusion (15.6% vs 5.4%, P Conclusion This is one of the first studies to compare postoperative THA outcomes between matched ON vs non-ON patients, while also taking into consideration specific risk factors between the cohorts.
Rapid adoption of resilience strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic

Due to the unique challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and the rapid spread infection, healthcare providers caring for these patients are experiencing high levels of anxiety and stress. This can be ...
Fibered orbifolds and crystallographic groups

In this paper, we prove that a normal subgroup N of an n–dimensional crystallographic group Γ determines a geometric fibered orbifold structure on the flat orbifold En∕Γ, and conversely every geometric fibered orbifold structure on En∕Γ is determined by a normal subgroup N of Γ. In particular, we prove that En∕Γ is a fiber bundle, with totally geodesic fibers, over a β1–dimensional torus, where β1 is the first Betti number of Γ.
Functional properties of a microcosm of the freshwater benthic zone and the effects of 2,4-dichlorophenol

A sediment-water microcosm system was evaluated that was designed to address some ecosystem functions selecteda priori for their significance to man's use of lakes: (a) the decomposition of organic carbon, (b) secondary production, and (c) the binding or degradation of toxic chemicals. 2,4-Dichlorophenol (DCP) was chosen as a ‘typical’ toxic chemical. The microcosms were undisturbed cores recovered from a high-deposition area of Lake Michigan and dosed with a trace amount of14C-alanine. The measurements found to be interpretable in terms of ecosystem functions were (a) turnover of non-acid-volatile radiocarbon, (b) turnover of particulate radiocarbon, (c) rate of attachment of radiocarbon-labelled organisms to glass surfaces, (d) sediment penetration of radiocarbon, (e) mortality of benthic fauna (especially pontoporeia), and (f) toxicant concentrations. Lethal toxicity of DCP toPontoporeia sp. in the microcosms agreed with that determined in controlled bioassays (96-hr LC50: 2.5 mg/L). Functions of the microbial community were initially inhibited by 81 mg/L DCP, but recovered in six days. The rates of radiocarbon turnover were reduced throughout the 21-day experiments even at the lowest concentration of DCP, 1.0 mg/L. These experiments have shown that a microcosm approach can yield quantitative estimates of the effects of toxicants on the functional properties of lake benthic ecosystems.
Molecular epidemiology of human respiratory syncytial virus with severe acute respiratory infection in Huzhou from 2016 to 2019

Abstract Background: Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is one of the major cause of acute lower respiratory infection in infants, the elderly and people with low immunity worldwide. Based on antigenic and genetic variations, Human respiratory syncytial virus is divided into two subgroups (A and B). Each of the subgroups is further categorized into genotypes based on the phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of the second hypervariable region. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) were collected from patients of the First People’s Hospital in Huzhou from January 2016 to December 2019. Real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) was performed using double nucleic acid detection kit for respiratory syncytial virus (A\B) (Shenzhen shengkeyuan) with the ABI Q7 (Applied Biosystems). For genotyping, the primer set A-F/A-R was used to amplify the G protein of HRSV-A. Primer set B-F/B-R was used to amplify the G protein of HRSV-B. The phylogenetic analysis was constructed using the neighbor-joining algorithm with the Kimura two-parameter model and supported statistically by bootstrapping with 1000 replicates with MEGA software (version 7.0) with 1000 bootstrap replicates. Results: A total of 973 nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from January 2016 to December 2019, and 63 samples were positive for RSV nucleic acid, with the detection rate of 6.47%. Of the positive specimens, 28 were belonged to HRSV-A, and 35 were belonged to HRSV-B. Infection with RSV was found in all age groups tested, with the 0-1 year age group having the highest detection rate 15.2%. The detection rate was high from November to next March. Phylogenetic analysis clustered HRSV-A strains identified in Huzhou into ON1genotype. All 17 of the HRSV-B strains belonged to BA9 genotype. Conclusions: We analyzed the HRSV strains circulation in Huzhou from January 2016 to December 2019 in Huzhou, China. This is the first molecular analysis on HRSV in Huzhou. We found Subgroup A and B of RSV were co-circulating and the 0-1 year age group having the highest infection rate.
Workplace Health in Kentucky: A Statewide Comparison

The objectives of this study were to assess the state of Kentucky's workplace health promotion and occupational safety and health programs, to ensure the ability to comprehend any possible trends over the past six years in the state's progress in offering workplace health promotion and health protection programs, to compare the results of this survey with the 2013 Kentucky state-wide assessment, and to identify gaps in Kentucky's workplace health promotion and occupational safety and health based on Total Worker Health® (TWH) concepts. Using Qualtrics research software, the Workplace Health in America assessment was sent to companies located in Kentucky and having 10 or more employees. Participants were identified using Dun and Bradstreet's Hoover's database. The results showed that, as with the 2013 survey, larger workplaces significantly were more likely to offer workplace health promotion programs than smaller companies (X2 = 24.30; p < 0.001). However, more companies (78%) reported offering programs compared to the 2013 assessment (49%). Given the results of the current study as compared to the statewide assessment conducted in 2013, Kentucky's WHP is moving in a positive direction; yet, there is still much to be done. There remains a strong need to provide cost-effective and accessible resources for all elements of TWH to small workplaces.
Influence of fine inclusions on the morphology and mechanical performance of lightweight foam concrete

Abstract Lightweight foam concrete is a cementitious cellular solid with a series of functional properties. Its non-structural applications potentially permit a high-volume inclusion of particles (e.g., recycled fines). However, the particle inclusion tends to alter the foam morphology and diminish the mechanical performance of foam concrete. To promote the acceptance of particle inclusion while minimizing the performance loss, this work studies the impact of sand inclusions on the mechanical properties of a group of lightweight foam concrete mixtures at 0.4 and 0.6 g/cm3, with various particle sizes and inclusion ratios. The morphology of lightweight foam concrete that is closely related to its mechanical performance is characterized using optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging. Several tests characterizing the fundamental resonant frequency, elastic modulus, crushing strength, and compressive strength, are also implemented as direct mechanical measurements of the foam concrete samples. Based on the experimental results, a model is derived for predicting the strength of lightweight foam concrete with different particle inclusions. Our study suggests that the degradation of foam structure is the major cause of the loss on mechanical performance, but a high-volume particle inclusion can be achieved with proper implementation.
Multichannel filtering for optimum noise reduction in microphone arrays

Introduces an optimization criterion for the design of microphone arrays, and derives an optimum filter based on this criterion. The algorithm computes two separate correlation matrices for the signal: one for when only background noise is present, and one for when both noise and signal are present. A filter is then computed based on these matrices, optimizing the proposed weighted mean-square error criterion. A block-recursive version of the algorithm is presented, using LMS-like adaptation of the multichannel filters, with a computational complexity under 40 MIPS for a typical application with four microphones. Simulation results with typical office noise show improvements of up to 20 dB in signal-to-noise ratio, even in low-noise environments.
Reflecting on the processes of a local evaluation: Networks, narratives and partnerships

Purpose – Seeks to draw together a number of separate but, arguably, inter‐related themes which are present for those involved in “sense making” within and across public and third sector agencies or organisations.Design/methodology/approach – Uses a case study approach of one community‐based network in South London to explore the ways in which action learning can facilitate self‐reflection and open up the processes of partnership to a wider audience.Findings – The particular challenge for any evaluator is to identify the ways in which definitions and meanings are shared or contested by participants. These can be “heard” through the different narratives which are constructed by those engaged in the evaluation process.Originality/value – Attempts to identify what the critical questions were for those involved and provides a commentary on the experience.
Association of bacteria with human phagocytes.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents methods and approaches to study and quantify the adhesion of bacteria to human phagocytic cells, specifically polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), monocytes, and macrophages. Adherent bacteria are often, but not always, internalized by the phagocytes to which they adhere. The assays presented in the chapter consist of incubating bacteria and phagocytes, sometimes with serum or other body fluids, and then quantifying adhesion. Bacteria attach to phagocytes by two broad mechanisms: (1) directly, by using specific molecules expressed on outer cell surfaces such as fimbriae (pili) and nonfimbrial ligands, often called “adhesins,” such as the Opa proteins of Neisseria gonorrhoeae , and (2) indirectly, by binding host components, most often immunoglobulins and complement components, which subsequently bind to phagocyte receptors. Regardless of the mechanism, the methods used to quantify adhesion are similar. The ability of bacteria to bind to phagocytes can vary tremendously depending on the bacterial strain or variant—and growth conditions and growth phase—among other variables. Many bacterial surface ligands vary independently of growth conditions or phase; such variations are not rare events.
Computational models of episodic memory

The chapter focuses on problems in higher-level cognition: inferring causal structure from patterns of statistical correlation, learning about categories and hidden properties of objects, and learning the meanings of words. This chapter discusses the basic principles that underlie Bayesian models of cognition and several advanced techniques for probabilistic modeling and inference coming out of recent work in computer science and statistics. The first step is to summarize the logic of Bayesian inference based on probabilistic models. A discussion is then provided of three recent innovations that make it easier to define and use probabilistic models of complex domains: graphical models, hierarchical Bayesian models, and Markov chain Monte Carlo. The central ideas behind each of these techniques is illustrated by considering a detailed cognitive modeling application, drawn from causal learning, property induction, and language modeling, respectively.
Merchant Banking in the Medieval and Early Modern Economy

This paper describes the evolution of merchant banks--merchants who specialized in remittance and credit. It examines the sources of their funds and the use to which they put them in exchange trading, commercial credit, and sovereign lending. It discusses the methods the banks used to manage liquidity and risk and the crises that resulted from sovereign defaults.
Preliminary crystallographic data and primary sequence for anti-peptide Fab' B13I2 and its complex with the C-helix peptide from myohemerythrin.

Abstract Crystals of the Fab' fragment from the monoclonal anti-peptide antibody B1312 and of the Fab'-peptide antigen complex have been characterized. The monoclonal antibodies were raised against a synthetic homologue of the C-helix of myohemerythrin (residues 69-87 in myohemerythrin). The Fab'-peptide complex crystallizes in space group P6322 with unit cell dimensions a = b = 142.5 A, c = 101.5 A, alpha = beta = 90 degrees, gamma = 120 degrees, and Z = 1. The native Fab' crystallizes in space group P212121 with unit cell dimensions a = 98.0 A, b = 151.7 A, c = 80.8 A, alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees, and Z = 2. Both crystal forms diffract to beyond 2.6 A resolution. We also report the cDNA and predicted amino acid sequences for the variable regions of both the light and heavy chains of this anti-peptide antibody.
Predictors of locoregional outcome in patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy and postmastectomy radiation.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to identify predictors of locoregional recurrence (LRR) after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) and postmastectomy radiation (PMRT) in a cohort of patients with stage II through III breast cancer and to determine whether omission of the supraclavicular field had an impact on the risk of LRR. METHODS: The authors reviewed records from 464 patients who received NAT and PMRT from January 1999 to December 2009. RESULTS: The median patient age was 50 years (range, 25-81 years). Clinical disease stage was stage II in 29% of patients, stage III in 71%, and inflammatory in 14%. Receptor status was estrogen receptor (ER)-positive in 54% of patients, progesterone receptor (PR)-positive in 39%, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive in 24%, and negative for all 3 receptors (triple negative) in 32%. All patients received NAT and underwent mastectomy, and 19.6% had a complete pathologic response in the breast and axilla, 17.5% received radiation to the chest wall only, and 82.5% received radiation to the chest wall and the supraclavicular field; omission of the supraclavicular field was more common in patients with lower clinical and pathologic lymph node status. The median follow-up was 50.5 months, and the 5-year cumulative incidence of LRR was 6% (95% confidence interval, 3.9%-8.6%). Predictors of LRR were clinical stage III (P = .038), higher clinical lymph node status (P = .025), higher pathologic lymph node status (P = .003), the combination of clinically and pathologically positive lymph nodes (P 2 cm (P = .045). On univariate analysis, omission of the supraclavicular field was not associated significantly with LRR (hazard ratio, 0.89; P = .833); however, on multivariate analyses, omission of the supraclavicular field was associated significantly with LRR (hazard ratio, 3.39; P = .024). CONCLUSIONS: Presenting stage, receptor status, pathologic response to neoadjuvant therapy, and omission the supraclavicular field were identified as risk factors for LRR after neoadjuvant therapy and PMRT. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Regulation of Cellular Calcium in Cardiac Myocytes

The sections in this article are: 1 General Aspects of Cellular Calcium Regulation 1.1 Ca Transport Systems 1.2 Cytosolic Volume Conventions 1.3 Ca Binding Sites and Buffering in Cardiac Myocytes 1.4 Ca Requirements for Contractile Activation 1.5 Simplified Kinetic Considerations During a Ca Transient 2 Sarcolemmal Ca Transport Systems 2.1 Ca Channels 2.2 Na/Ca Exchange 2.3 Sarcolemmal Ca-ATPase 3 Intracellular Ca Transporters 3.1 Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca-ATPase and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca Content 3.2 Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca Release Channels 3.3 Mitochondrial Ca Transport 4 Ca Removal from the Cytoplasm During Relaxation 4.1 Relative Contributions of Ca Transporters 4.2 Species, Developmental, and Temperature Dependence 4.3 Ca Recycling from Mitochondria Back to the SR 5 The Ca Supply that Activates Contraction 5.1 Ca Influx vs SR Ca Release 5.2 Fraction of SR Ca Released During a Twitch 6 Perturbations of Cellular Ca Balance 6.1 Rest-Dependent Changes in Cellular and SR Ca Content 6.2 Refilling Depleted Internal Ca Stores 6.3 Rest-Decay and Rest-Potentiation of Twitches 6.4 Force-Frequency Relationships
A Two Dimensional Measure of Performance in Chess

A two dimensional measure of chess performance is presented and it is shown to have more information and a greater power of discrimination than scalar measures because it does not rely on scoring. The scoring procedure used by scalar measures to reduce chess game outcomes from a trinomial to a binomial variable causes some chess game outcome information to be irretrievably lost.
Winning Formula, Man Management and the Inner Game: Commonalities of Success in the Ryder Cup and Super Bowl:

Using a conceptual framework based on the work of Mitch McCrimmon, who has highlighted false dichotomies of leadership and management, the Ryder Cup captaincy of Paul McGinley is examined in terms of man management, strategy and tactics, and the Inner Game. For purposes of comparison on these matters, reference is made to American Football coach Pete Carroll. This is a stimulus article aimed at making links between sport and business through invited commentaries. It is intended to provoke critical reflection on nebulous use of the term ‘leadership’ and that much ‘leadership development’ is concerned with matters such as self-awareness that are associated with ‘personal growth’. Attention is drawn to how McGinley’s captaincy is couched in terms of a discourse of ‘management’.
Epiphyseal-plate cartilage. A biomechanical and histological analysis of failure modes.

With a variable strain-rate testing machine, we loaded the proximal tibial epiphyses of male and female rats twenty-five to sixty-five days old. We measured tibial lengths, epiphyseal-plate cross-sectional areas, loads at failure, and displacements at failure in 560 tibiae, and calculated total energy absorption, nominal shear stress, and maximum tension (bending) stress for each epiphyseal plate. In fifty-six tibiae, we used subfailure loads to locate the initiation of cartilage failure. Increasing loads were required to cause failure at increasing but physiological rates of loading, demonstrating a viscoelastic property of the cartilage. The strength of cartilage from female rats was usually greater than that from age-matched males. There was a decrease in strength at pubescence. The mean values of maximum bending stress and nominal shear stress decreased significantly for females at forty-five days old and for males at fifty days. On histological examination of tibiae loaded to 50 per cent of failure energy, internal cracks within the plates were seen which were in planes developing the highest shear stresses. These cracks preceded the disruption of the posterior fibers that were in maximum tension, but usually were included in the eventual path of the failure crack.
Morphine Withdrawal Inhibits IL-12 Induction in a Macrophage Cell Line through a Mechanism That Involves cAMP

There are very few studies that examine the effects that morphine withdrawal has on immune functioning, and of these even fewer describe the mechanisms by which withdrawal brings about these changes. Our previous work demonstrated that morphine withdrawal contributed to Th cell differentiation by biasing cells toward the Th2 lineage. A major finding from these studies was that IL-12 was decreased following withdrawal, and it was concluded that this decrease may be a mechanism by which morphine withdrawal is mediating Th2 polarization. Therefore, it was the aim of the current studies to develop an in vitro model to examine the process of morphine withdrawal and to understand the signaling mechanisms that withdrawal may use to effect IL-12 production through the use of this model. It was demonstrated and concluded that morphine withdrawal may be effecting IL-12 production by increasing cAMP levels, which activates protein kinase A. Protein kinase A activation then prevents the phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of IkappaB, which in turn prevents translocation of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit to the nucleus to transactivate the IL-12 p40 gene, ultimately resulting in decreased IL-12 production following LPS stimulation.
An Extension Of Design For Assembly Methods For Large And Heavy Parts

Traditional Design for Assembly methods are limited to part sizes between a few mUlimeters to a few tens of centimeters in overall size and to part weights under a few kilograms. Parts in the range of a meter in overall size and weighing a few tens of kilograms are examined in this paper. An experimental plan separates weight mass and inertia and correlates these properties with assembly difficulty and time. When windage, part flexibility and operator fatigue are absent, a set of three parameters serve to model these effects on human assembly performance. Adaptation of this result is made to extend a Design for Assembly methodology. Word Count: 4448 University Libraries Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 152i3-389G
Trivial influences: A doubly stochastic poisson process model permits the detection of arbitrarily small electromagnetic signals

If a weak, exogenous, extremely low-frequency (ELF) electric or magnetic field is to produce biological sequelae, then there must exist averaging sufficient to lift some primary effect of that field above the endogenous stochastic variations of the biological system. One way in which a field could accomplish this is by changing the intensity of some stochastic operation that controls an important and not trivially reversible biological transformation. In this paper, this operation is modeled as a doubly stochastic Poisson process. It is then shown, first, that (in theory) even a minuscule exogenous influence might appreciably shift the incidence of a sufficiently rare transformation and, second, that this shift might be observable if a trial were allowed to run long enough over a sufficiently large population of exposed entities.
Persistently illuminated regions at the lunar poles: Ideal sites for future exploration

Abstract The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) provides multi-temporal and high resolution imaging of the north and south polar regions. These images delimit illuminated areas from those in shadow, and are used to analyze the illumination environment of the polar regions over the course of a lunar year. The Wide Angle Camera (WAC) provides repeat imaging of the north and south pole at a frequency of roughly 2 h with a ground sampling distance of 100 m. The LROC Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) acquires images with a ground sampling distance of 0.5–2.0 m providing the means to construct high resolution maps that reveal illuminated terrain under varying lighting conditions. With the multi-temporal coverage provided by the WAC and the high resolution images from the NAC, the LROC dataset enables a more comprehensive analysis of the illumination conditions near the lunar poles than any previous image based dataset. Furthermore, these images are used to validate previously published numerical models that simulate polar illumination conditions. From our analysis of the LROC images, we identified localized regions where the lunar surface remains illuminated for nearly 94% of the year with the longest eclipsed period lasting only 43 h. We also identified small illuminated peaks (tens of meters across) in areas previously modeled to be in shadow. Together, the WAC and NAC dataset provide direct, high resolution observations of the actual surface illumination environment of potential exploration sites near the lunar poles.
Evidence of unequal vinyl group reactivity in copolymerization/crosslinking reactions of mono- and divinyl comonomers

A kinetic model was developed for the copolymerization/crosslinking reaction of a monovinyl and a divinyl monomer. The general form of the model incorporates initiation, propagation, chain transfer and termination reactions and considers the situation of different reactivities of the vinyl groups of the divinyl monomer. Experimental data on the copolymerization of styrene with m- and p-divinylbenzene obtained by Hild and Okasha were used to evaluate this model.
Construction of True Cost of Food Indexes from Estimated Engel Curves

This paper applies a technique to derive true cost-of-living indexes from the estimation of a simple system of piglog Engel curves. This technique allows a maximum amount of commodity disaggregation, and the indexes show the impact of inflation on households with different expenditure levels and demographic characteristics. Results indicate that the consumer price index (CPI) underestimated the cost of food over the 1980–85 period. The CPI more accurately reflects the cost of food for nonwhite households with low or average food expenditures.
The Growth Hormone and the Dwarf Type of Growth in Corn

Introduction. - In this paper is given a short report of an analysis of the causes of one of the dwarf types of growth in corn. A more detailed report will be published later. The dwarf type investigated is nana,(1) which differs from the normal race by one single gene. The seeds were obtained from Dr. E. G. Anderson, of the California Institute, and were the result of a cross between F1 (naNA) with na na.
Orientational Order in Solid Ortho-Hydrogen. I. Cubic Close-Packed Molecular Lattice

Previous theories of the orientational ordering of the molecules in solid ortho-hydrogen have been based on the assumption that the lattice is hcp, and on a quantum-mechanical treatment that is not self-consistent. It now seems clear that a change from a fcc lattice to a hcp lattice is associated in some way with the thermal and NMR phenomena that indicate the occurrence of orientational reordering. This paper develops a self-consistent theory of orientational ordering of molecules on a rigid fcc lattice, assuming orientational coupling of the quadrupole-quadrupole form between nearest neighbors only, or throughout the lattice. It is shown how the special properties of hydrogen and its isotopes facilitate application of the self-consistent theory to solid hydrogen. It is found that at all temperatures, up to the transition temperature, the symmetry axes of the molecular orientation distributions are arranged like the equilibrium directions in the corresponding classical system. If one includes quadrupole-quadrupole couplings between all pairs of molecules, one finds that there would be a first-order transition to orientational disorder at 5.07\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K in hydrogen, and at 6.37\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K in deuterium, if the molecular lattice were fcc throughout. These values exceed the observed transition temperatures by more than a factor of 2---a discrepancy that is not surprising if the actual transition is one from a fcc lattice to a hcp lattice at a temperature determined by the properties of the two phases. Molecular energy levels and thermodynamic properties are given for the fcc phase up to the transition temperature.
Variations in Optical S+ Emission from the Io Plasma Torus: Evidence for Quasi Periodicity

As part of its efforts to monitor and characterize periodic variations in the Io plasma torus, the Wisconsin Space Physics group acquired Fabry-Perot spectra of [S II] λλ6716, 6731 for a 5 week period in 1988. Previous analysis showed periodicity, but, surprisingly, not at 10.2 hr—the persistent 3% subcorotational period, often called System IV, reported in other long-term torus data sets. We show here that our 1988 data exhibit a quasi-periodic intensity variation at 10.2 hr, characterized by two distinct intensity enhancements that abruptly changed in relative magnitude during the observational run. We also present perpendicular ion temperature data from the same period, showing a periodic variation anticorrelated with intensity after the aforementioned abrupt change, but no significant periodicity beforehand. This non/anticorrelation appears to eliminate the possibility that a slowly moving magnetic field enhancement is responsible for the subcorotational periodicity. Considering these and other long-term data, we suggest that the various observed subcorotational features are not themselves responsible for the 3% subcorotational period, but rather are independent features modulated or otherwise affected by a permanent, global phenomenon in the torus lagging corotation by 3%.
Motivated comprehension regulation: vigilant versus eager metacognitive control.

The more accurately people assess their comprehension, the more likely they are to engage in study behaviors that precisely target gaps in their learning. However, comprehension regulation involves more than knowing when to implement a new study strategy; it also involves deciding which strategy will most effectively resolve one’s confusion. In two experiments, we explored how people’s motivational orientations influence which study strategies they select to regulate their comprehension. In Experiment 1, people who were motivated to vigilantly protect against potential mistakes (i.e., prevention-focused individuals) were more likely to adopt a rereading strategy than people who were motivated to eagerly pursue new learning opportunities (i.e., promotion-focused individuals). In Experiment 2, this difference in strategy use emerged specifically in response to confusing sentences that had been inserted into the text. Furthermore, by using rereading strategies to resolve their confusion, prevention-focused individuals performed better than promotion-focused individuals on a comprehension test and a transfer task.
Modeling of Magnetic Anisotropy of SrRuO3 Thin Films Using Tensors

Spintronic devices and magnetic tunneling devices have been a major topic of research in recent years. One of the most promising heterostructures are SrRuO3/SiTiO3 heterostructures. Anisotropy induced magnetic properties of SrRuO3 become complicated in SrRuO3/SrTiO3 heterostructure because of distorted interfacial symmetry coming from orthorhombic nature of SrRuO3 and cubic SrRuO3. Although the magnetic anisotropy is known to be related with surface morphology and microstructures, their roles as well as the anisotropy axis itself are still controversial issue. We present modeling of the magnetic anisotropy behavior for two different growth modes by the use of tensors
Fast transform algorithm for use in decoding BCH-type codes

It is shown how an intermediate chord property in the Cooley-Tukey FFT algorithm over a finite field can be used in faster decoding of the Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghen codes in the spectral domain.