cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Something Must Be Done!: But Is Moore Correct that Something Can Be Worse than Nothing in Alcohol Control Policy?

In the wonderful television series ‘Yes, Minister’, the buffoonish title character Jim Hacker advanced his policy responses to the crises of the day by shouting ‘Something must be done! This is something. Therefore we must do it’. In terms of alcohol-related problems, particularly in the UK, there is widespread agreement that ‘Something must be done’. Both the public and the newly elected coalition government are deeply concerned about alcohol's role in yobbism, auto accidents, family breakdown, and rising health care costs, amongst other problems. Many UK public health advocates believe the way forward is minimum pricing of alcohol, a proposal which very nearly passed the Scottish parliament in June 2010. Into these works comes a spanner lobbed by Dr Moore (this issue, Moore, 2010). Moore argues that alcohol-specific control policy has substantial potential to inflict more rather than less damage on society because heavy drinkers may respond by increasing consumption of other more dangerous intoxicating substances, or by switching to other forms of alcohol that are cheaper but more dangerous (e.g. from beer to fortified wine, high-strength spirits, or moonshine). In this commentary, I agree with several of Moore's central insights but question his more general pessimistic stance towards alcohol-specific control policies. To begin with points of agreement, Moore and I are both impressed by the scientific literature establishing that policy-makers can usually put downward pressure on the level of alcohol consumption in a society by increasing price (Cook, 2007). I admire Moore's unwillingness to simply end the argument at that point a la Jim Hacker, and instead raise the question of whether there might be unintended and unappreciated consequences to such policies. He quite rightly notes that there are many intoxicants available other than alcohol, and that some drinkers use these substances as complements (something that accentuates the desired …
Care and Compassion Through an Organizational Lens: Opening Up New Possibilities

In this article we introduce AMR's Special Topic Forum on Understanding and Creating Caring and Compassionate Organizations. We outline why the time is right for such a forum, uncover scholarly and philosophical roots of a focus on compassion and care, and provide a brief introduction to the diverse and rich set of articles contained in this forum. We describe the innovative theorizing uncovered by the special issue articles and summarize the rich set of possibilities they suggest for the practice of organizing.
Tregs and infections: on the potential value of modifying their function

CD4+ T cells, which express a master transcription factor, Foxp3, have been recognized as bona fide Tregs. These cells are essential to maintain immune homeostasis in healthy as well as infected mice and humans. Extensive investigations in the last decade have provided ways to manipulate the Foxp3+ Treg response therapeutically so the role of such cells in microbe-induced inflammatory reactions can be evaluated. This review focuses on our current understanding of the mechanisms required for the generation and sustenance of Tregs in vivo and the potential value of modulating Tregs to control microbe-induced immunopathological responses.
Juvenile versus adult osteochondritis dissecans of the knee: appropriate MR imaging criteria for instability.

Purpose: To retrospectively compare the sensitivity and specificity of previously described magnetic resonance (MR) imaging criteria for the detection of instability in patients with juvenile or adult osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee, with arthroscopic findings as the reference standard. Materials and Methods: Informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board for this HIPAA-compliant study. The study group consisted of 32 skeletally immature patients (25 boys, seven girls; mean age, 14.4 years) with 36 juvenile OCD lesions of the knee and 33 skeletally mature patients (25 men, eight women; mean age, 26.2 years) with 34 adult OCD lesions of the knee. All patients had been evaluated with MR imaging and arthroscopy. MR studies were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists in consensus to determine the presence of previously described MR imaging criteria for OCD instability (ie, high T2 signal intensity rim, surrounding cysts, high T2 signal intensity cartilage fracture line, and fl...
Linear Tactile Nanodevice with Resolution on Par with Human Finger

A large area thin-film nanodevice made by self-assembly containing electroluminescent nanoparticles is reported. The ~100 nm thick device on application of potential across the top and bottom surface of the film converts local pressure to light. The intensity of the electroluminescent light is linearly proportional to the applied local compressive stress. By imaging the light, the stress distribution over the area of contact is obtained at resolution on par with human finger.
Effects of Resource Availability on Tolerance of Herbivory: A Review and Assessment of Three Opposing Models

Abstract: Although it is widely acknowledged that a plant’s tolerance of herbivore damage depends on resource availability in the plant’s environment, there is no consensus on whether higher resource levels lead to greater or to lower tolerance. The prevailing model, the compensatory continuum hypothesis (CCH), predicts that tolerance of herbivory should be greater in high‐resource or low‐competition conditions. The main rival hypothesis, the growth rate model (GRM), makes the opposite prediction: tolerance of herbivory should be greater in more stressful conditions. The tolerance predictions of a recently introduced model, the limiting resource model (LRM), are more flexible and depend on the type of resource and herbivore under consideration. We reviewed 48 studies (from 40 published articles) of plant tolerance of leaf damage in conditions differing in levels of light, inorganic nutrients, water stress, or competition. The results of 31%, 48%, and 95% of the studies were consistent with the predictions...
Manchurian Railway Development

The three maps accompanying this brief text are meant to be the body of the article. They tell a major story in themselves. Railway development in Manchuria is shown graphically to have been rapid and extensive over a period of less than half a century. The rate of railway growth received exceptional impetus after the occupation of Manchuria by the Japanese in 1931, and by 1945 the total trackage of the railways in that country was estimated to be close to 13,000 kilometers as compared with 5,600 kilometers in 1931.
Trust and Institutional Corruption: The Case of Education in Tunisia

Tunisia, the focus of this paper and a country of new beginnings since the overthrow of the Ben Ali regime in 2011, was quick to identify public sector corruption as a major impediment to progress. Education, traditionally treated as one of the most important and highest stake sectors in the public domain in Tunisia, appears to be particularly affected. The integrity scan of Tunisian education presented in the Working Paper applies a proprietary methodology to identify shortcomings in areas of key importance for effective institutional operation and stakeholder trust, such as staff and resource management, quality of education, and access to education. It then provides evidence that can guide the closure of integrity gaps. The results of the scan suggest that public schools are experiencing difficulties in providing quality education in an effective way, which in turn nurtures distrust in the schools’ ability to fulfil their mission and fuels need for and widespread acceptance of private tutoring. Low accountability of schools and teachers and problems with student assessment allow for low effectiveness of learning during regular classes, facilitate these practices, and prevent the authorities from establishing the extent to which they represent a threat of corruption. Integrity challenges are confronting the tertiary sector as well. The paper lists options for follow up to restore trust in the system, and suggests a wide public discussion on steps to be undertaken with the goal of making a pact among all concerned for a strong and fair Tunisian education system.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Adverse Local Tissue Reactions at the Head-Neck Junction

Modular junctions in total hip arthroplasty are susceptible to mechanically assisted crevice corrosion, leading to the release of metal wear debris. Adverse local tissue reactions result from an immune-mediated biological reaction to this debris and can have a profound effect on the surrounding periarticular soft tissue envelope. Patients often present with pain or muscle weakness and demonstrate elevated serum cobalt and chromium levels. Serum inflammatory markers and synovial fluid tests help distinguish these reactions from deep infection in the majority of cases; however, the presence of amorphous material or fragmented cells can lead to difficulty in some cases. Advanced cross-sectional imaging is essential in establishing the diagnosis. Early revision surgery is generally the treatment of choice for symptomatic adverse local tissue reaction from corrosion at the modular head-neck junction. The existing stem is retained, and a new ceramic head is placed on the existing trunnion whenever possible. This strategy generally leads to short-term improvement of symptoms with reliable clinical outcomes; however, longer term results are presently lacking.
Enantioselective Reductive Syn-Aldol Reactions of 4-Acryloylmorpholine: Preparation of (2R, 3S)-3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-1-morpholino-5-phenylpentan-1-one

The article discusses the preparation of (2R, 3S)-3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-1-morpholino-5-phenylpentan-1-one. Enantioselective reductive aldol reactions that have been developed to date use chiral transition metal catalysts, turnover numbers are modest (typically <50) and the reagents (both the metal catalysts as well as the chiral ligands) used in these experiments are expensive or require multi-step syntheses if not commercially available. Keywords: 4-Acryloylmorpholine; Borane-methyl sulfide complex; Crystalline (Diisopinocampheyl)borane; Diethyl ether; Enantioselective reductive syn-aldol reactions; Hydrocinnamaldehyde; (2R, 3S)-3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-1-morpholino-5-phenylpentan-1-one; One-pot synthesis; Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE GENUS RADIOMYCES

The range of morphological and physiological variation of ten isolates of Radiomyces embreei and four of R. spectabilis was examined. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that a single R. embreei isolate (1186) produced significantly smaller sporangiospores than nine other R. embreei isolates grown under four different culture conditions. The effect of temperature on hyphal growth and sporangiospore germination revealed that R. spectabilis isolates grew from 15 to 40 C, and two of the four isolates grew at 45 C, whereas nine of the 10 R. embreei isolates grew from 15 to 45 C, and five of these nine grew at 50 C. The unusual R. embreei isolate (1186) grew only at temperatures between 15 and 35 C. Sporangiospore germination occurred in eight of 10 isolates of R. embreei at temperatures between 25 and 50 C, and nine of the 10 isolates germinated between 25 and 45 C, whereas germination did not occur with isolate 1186 at 40 C or above. Sporangiospore germination of R. embreei isolates usually was 90% or greater in as few as 4 to 6 h, while only 1 to 5% of 1186 sporangiospores germinated in up to 24 h. Slow sporangiospore germination also was seen with R. spectabilis isolates, with two reaching only I to 3% germination in 16 to 24 h, and one strain attaining 31% germination in 10 h. Spore germination of R. spectabilis isolates and R. embreei 1186 continued over the period of up to one wk. The genus Radiomyces contains two species, Radiomyces spectabilis Embree (1959) and Radiomyces embreei Benjamin (1960). These fungi are Zygomycetes, members of the Mucorales, and were placed in the family Radiomycetaceae by Ellis and Hesseltine (1974). Both species have been isolated from dung of rodents and lizards collected from the southwestern United States and Mexico, and R. embreei also has been isolated from soil in Arizona (Ranzoni, 1968). Recently, an isolate of R. spectabilis was obtained from India. Both species of Radiomyces are homothallic, produce smooth-walled zygospores (FIG. 1), and sporangiophores bearing either multispored sporangioles (R. spectabilis, FIG. 2), or singlespored sporangioles (R. embreei, FIG. 3). The ultrastructure of R. embreei sporangioles was demonstrated by Dykstra (1974), who reported that each sporangiospore is surrounded by a distinct outer sporangiole wall which fragments at the time of germination. Embree (1964) determined the rate of asexual spore germination and hyphal growth in relation to temperature with the type isolates of the genus. He reported both species to be thermotolerant, and capable of growth at 45 C or greater. Since the ability to
CLINICAL PROBLEM-SOLVING. From Dancing to Debilitated.

A 69-year-old man with a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, gastroesophageal reflux, and adult-onset diabetes mellitus presented with fatigue and a 14-kg unintentional weight loss over the preceding year.
Cancer drug delivery: considerations in the rational design of nanosized bioconjugates.

In order to efficiently deliver anticancer agents to tumors, biocompatible nanoparticles or bioconjugates, including antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), have recently been designed, synthesized, and tested, some even in clinical trials. Controlled delivery can be enhanced by changing specific design characteristics of the bioconjugate such as its size, the nature of the payload, and the surface features. The delivery of macromolecular drugs to cancers largely relies on the leaky nature of the tumor vasculature compared with healthy vessels in normal organs. When administered intravenously, macromolecular bioconjugates and nanosized agents tend to circulate for prolonged times, unless they are small enough to be excreted by the kidney or stealthy enough to evade the macrophage phagocytic system (MPS), formerly the reticulo-endothelial system (RES). Therefore, macromolecular bioconjugates and nanosized agents with long circulation times leak preferentially into tumor tissue through permeable tumor vessels and ...
Jordanus Nemorarius and John of Halifax

(1910). Jordanus Nemorarius and John of Halifax. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 17, No. 5, pp. 108-113.
Thermoelectric Properties of Molecular Nanowires

Recently there has been an increasing interest in using organic materials for thermoelectric applications due to the noteworthy advantages of mechanical flexibility, low-cost synthesis, and solution processability. While the thermal conductivity of organic semiconductors is known to be small, very few theoretical works are available to predict thermoelectric properties of organic semiconductors and guide experimental efforts. In this work, we studied the thermoelectric properties (electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and power factor) of quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) self-assembled molecular nanowires (NWs) based on a rigorous evaluation of the Kubo formula using the Holstein model. The molecular NWs are composed of either one-dimensional conducting polymer chains, coupled by covalent bonds, or linear stacks of planar building blocks, held together by van der Waals or π–π interactions; these are also known as molecule metals (or semiconductors), charge transfer salts, or π-stacked organic semicondu...
Genomic DNA Isolation from Maize (Zea mays) Leaves Using a Simple, High-Throughput Protocol

A simple, robust, inexpensive, high-throughput method for isolating genomic DNA from maize (Zea mays) leaf tissues is described. The DNA obtained using this extraction protocol is suitable for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping, which can be employed for the identification of alleles in diverse genetic and breeding approaches, such as marker-assisted selection, genetic fine mapping, and mutant introgression. This method utilizes 96-well plates for the collection of leaf tissue and the subsequent isolation of genomic DNA. The DNA isolation step is performed inexpensively within 3 hr and uses a urea-based extraction buffer that does not require an organic extraction step. Yields of genomic DNA are sufficient to perform ∼25 PCR-genotyping reactions per sample. These qualities, coupled with the protocol being robust and easy for inexperienced users to master, make this method ideal for new researchers. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: genomic DNA; high-throughput; maize leaf; urea-based extraction
TOTAL SYNTHESIS, PURIFICATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN PHE(P-CH2SO3NA)52, NLE32,53,56, NAL55-CCK20-58, TYR52, NLE32,53,56,NAL55-CCK-58 AND PHE(P -CH2SO3NA)52, NLE32,53,56, NAL55-CCK-58

The synthesis of [Phe(p-CH2SO3Na)52, Nle32,53,56 Nal55]-CCK20–58, [Tyr52, Nle32,53,56, Nal55]-CCK-58 and of [Phe(p-CH2SO3Na)52, Nle32,53,56, Nal55]-CCK-58 using the (9-fluorenylmethyloxy)-carbonyl (Fmoc) strategy on a 2,4-DMBHA resin is described. The crude peptide preparations were extremely complex when analyzed by RP-HPLC, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), and ion-exchange chromatography (IE-FPLC). We found that the most effective strategy for purification included cation-exchange chromatography followed by a RP-HPLC desalting step. The highly purified peptides (purity greater than 90%) were characterized by RP-HPLC, size exclusion HPLC (SEC), IE-FPLC, CZE, mass spectrometry, amino acid analysis, and Edman sequence analysis {for [Tyr52, Nle32,53,56, Nal55]-CCK-58}. The results demonstrate the applicability of the 2,4-DMBHA resin for Fmoc solid-phase synthesis of long peptides amides (58 residues in length in this case) as well as the efficacy of an FPLC/RP-HPLC approach for the purification of very long, heterogeneous crude peptides, allowing a true assessment of the biological properties of these analogs to be carried out. [Phe(p-CH2SO3Na)52, Nle32,53,56, Nal55]-CCK20–58 was less than 1% as potent as CCK-8 while [Tyr52, Nle32,53,56, Nal55]-CCK-58 and [Phe(p-CH2SO3Na)52, Nle32,53,56, Nal55]-CCK-58 were inactive at the doses tested (<0.01%).
Maffucci's syndrome. Case report with a normal karyotype.

A case of Maffucci's syndrome in a thirty-five year old woman who elected to have an above-the-knee amputation because of her disease is reported. The finding of a normal karyotype in this syndrome is reported, confirming previous observations. A brief review of the current literature reveals that seventy-five cases of Maffucci's syndrome have now been reported and that in fourteen of these sarcomatous degeneration occurred, giving a malignancy rate of 18.6 per cent.
Mortality Prediction in ICUs Using A Novel Time-Slicing Cox Regression Method

Over the last few decades, machine learning and data mining have been increasingly used for clinical prediction in ICUs. However, there is still a huge gap in making full use of the time-series data generated from ICUs. Aiming at filling this gap, we propose a novel approach entitled Time Slicing Cox regression (TS-Cox), which extends the classical Cox regression into a classification method on multi-dimensional time-series. Unlike traditional classifiers such as logistic regression and support vector machines, our model not only incorporates the discriminative features derived from the time-series, but also naturally exploits the temporal orders of these features based on a Cox-like function. Empirical evaluation on MIMIC-II database demonstrates the efficacy of the TS-Cox model. Our TS-Cox model outperforms all other baseline models by a good margin in terms of AUC_PR, sensitivity and PPV, which indicates that TS-Cox may be a promising tool for mortality prediction in ICUs.
Summary of Salmonid Rehabilitation Lessons from the Urbanizing Pacific Northwest

We return to the central question of the book: Can viable wild salmonid populations coexist with humans in urban and urbanizing areas? In the intervening chapters, we described how urbanization degrades the habitat and viability of wild salmonid populations. We also presented a variety of potential remedies, including both social and biophysical aspects of wild salmonid rehabilitation and protection in urbanizing areas. Social remedies include policy approaches, planning strategies, market-based solutions, and citizen engagement efforts. Biophysical remedies include rehabilitation approaches both at local and watershed scales. In this final chapter, we review our major conclusions about urbanization stresses on salmonids, we summarize some of the most salient aspects of the remedies that we have presented, and we conclude with our answer to the central question of the book.
Aβ in the synapse: How much is just right?

Synaptic dysfunction and neuronal loss are associated with the onset of symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain is widely accepted as a key pathogenic event in AD, how Aβ contributes to development of cognitive dysfunction is unclear. Aβ is
435. Effects of Chemotherapy and Radiation on Replication of Interferon-Expressing Adenovirus in Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Pancreatic Cancer is a disease for which there are very limited efficacious treatments, resulting in a 5-year survival rate for affected patients around only 6%. Our group has developed a recombinant oncolytic adenovirus (OAd-IFN) aimed for use as an additional treatment for this disease. Manipulations in the viral genome include enhanced oncolysis with an overexpression of the adenoviral death protein, enhanced infectivity with a genetically modified fiber that has replaced the serotype 3 Ad fiber with that of a serotype 5 Ad, conditional replication targeted to pancreatic cancer cells by linking replication with the Cox-2 promoter, and an expression of the gene for human interferon α within the E3 region to enhance the therapeutic effects of chemotherapy and radiation through the antitumor effects of the cytokine.Our previous work analyzing the therapeutic abilities of IFN expressing vectors in human pancreatic cancer xenografts in immonudeficient nude mice and in syngeneic hamster pancreatic cancer nodules in immunocompetent Syrian hamsters, showed a more evident antitumor effect of OAd-IFN in the latter models. This suggests the success of OAd-IFN as an immune system stimulator, making it a promising candidate for combination therapy approaches. In vitro studies in hamster pancreatic cancer cell lines showed significantly improved killing effects when OAd-IFN was added to conventional chemotherapy and radiation treatments, as well as greater killing ability with triple therapies using OAd-IFN versus an OAd without IFN. Moreover, killing effects became more pronounced over time, showing that the oncolytic impact of the IFN depends on replication of the virus to express the IFN gene.The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of chemotherapy and radiation on the replication of our OAd-IFN, since understanding these interactions is necessary to evaluate the possibility of using this virus as part of a combined therapeutic regimen. Specifically, the adenoviral replicative ability was measured within pancreatic cancer Mia-Paca 2 cells under various conditions of 5FU and radiation exposure. Replication was analyzed by quantifying viral DNA extracted from treated cells at two time points post infection. In preliminary trials, cells were infected with the virus either two days prior to receiving 5FU and radiation or one day post 5FU treatment. Based on the initial data collected, radiation seemed to have no effect on viral replication. 5FU treatment prior to viral infection resulted in an increase in replication at low dose, and a decrease in replication at high dose, however, this effect was only seen at the first time point. Similarly, 5FU treatment post infection showed minor inhibition of viral replication at high doses, with little to no effect observed in the low dose. Further trials including a simultaneous treatment with 5FU and virus are being done to better explore these observed effects, and future trials will be conducted exploring for similar patterns using Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in place of 5FU.
SET contributes to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pancreatic cancer

// Hardik R. Mody 2, 3, * , Sau Wai Hung 3, * , Kineta Naidu 4 , Haesung Lee 4 , Caitlin A. Gilbert 4 , Toan Thanh Hoang 4 , Rakesh K. Pathak 2 , Radhika Manoharan 2 , Shanmugam Muruganandan 2 and Rajgopal Govindarajan 1, 2, 3 1 The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA 2 Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA 3 Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Rajgopal Govindarajan, email: govindarajan.21@osu.edu Keywords: SET, EMT, pancreatic cancer, N-cadherin, signaling Received: December 20, 2016 Accepted: May 22, 2017 Published: July 07, 2017 ABSTRACT Pancreatic cancer has a devastating prognosis due to 80-90% of diagnostic cases occurring when metastasis has already presented. Activation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a prerequisite for metastasis because it allows for the dissemination of tumor cells to blood stream and secondary organs. Here, we sought to determine the role of SET oncoprotein, an endogenous inhibitor of PP2A, in EMT and pancreatic tumor progression. Among the two major isoforms of SET (isoform 1 and isoform 2), higher protein levels of SET isoform 2 were identified in aggressive pancreatic cancer cell lines. Overexpressing SET isoform 2, and to a lesser extent SET isoform 1, in epithelial cell lines promoted EMT-like features by inducing mesenchymal characteristics and promoting cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation. Consistently, knockdown of SET isoforms in the mesenchymal cell line partially resisted these characteristics and promoted epithelial features. SET-induced EMT was likely facilitated by increased N-cadherin overexpression, decreased PP2A activity and/or increased expression of key EMT-driving transcription factors. Additionally, SET overexpression activated the Rac1/JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway that induced transcriptional activation of N-cadherin expression. In vivo , SET isoform 2 overexpression significantly correlated with increased N-cadherin in human PDAC and to tumor burden and metastatic ability in an orthotopic mouse tumor model. These findings identify a new role for SET in cancer and have implications for the design and targeting of SET for intervening pancreatic tumor progression.
Mindfulness Moderates Depression and Quality of Prenatal Attachment in Expectant Parents

The quality of the prenatal caregiving bond with the unborn baby contributes to later parenting and healthy infant behavior and development. Previous research indicates that maternal antenatal depression can disrupt bonding with the fetus and increases risks such as prematurity and low birthweight; less is known about the effects of paternal depression on prenatal bonding. Research suggests that mindfulness may ameliorate depression symptoms in adults. This study hypothesized that dispositional mindfulness would moderate the influence of parental depression symptoms during pregnancy on the quality of prenatal bonding in a sample of expectant mothers and fathers. Self-report measures of dispositional mindfulness, depression symptoms, and quality of prenatal bonding were administered to 82 expectant parents in a metropolitan Midwest city. Higher levels of mindfulness were negatively associated with depression symptoms and positively associated with quality of prenatal bonding. Mindfulness moderated the relationship between depression symptomology and quality of attachment, such that for parents with low and average mindfulness, depression symptoms were significantly and inversely related to quality of bonding; for parents with higher depression symptom levels, mindfulness did not moderate quality of bonding. These findings suggest that trait mindfulness may promote a stronger bond during pregnancy between a parent and the unborn child. Data presented highlight the potential importance of developing higher levels of mindfulness especially in parents at risk for depression or poor prenatal bonding.
Quantitative Assessment of Image Quality of Sparse Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy vs High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography

We evaluated image quality of three sparse fNIRS arrays extracted from and compared to a previously published data set containing subject-matched HD-DOT and fMRI and show that overlapping measurements are required for fMRI-comparable images.
Carmen’s Final Problem: Contesting Crime Fiction and Gender Roles in Marcela Serrano’s Nuestra Señora de la Soledad

Marcela Serrano’s Nuestra Senora de la Soledad/Our Lady of Solitude (1999) challenges the phallocentric output of Latin American neopolicial fiction by drawing a parallel between conforming to the conventions of the detective genre and to patriarchal gender roles. A famous female writer fakes her mysterious disappearance in order to stop writing the same detective tales and to escape her bourgeois, unfulfilling married life. Private investigator Rosa Alvallay ultimately decides not to unveil the writer’s fate in an act of female solidarity.
The Development of Current Surgical Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The current state of the art of surgery for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is best understood if viewed from the perspective of its historical development. Through the years medical and surgical treatment have been intertwined and interdependent as physicians and surgeons have attempted to understand and treat these often devastating diseases. Since the pathogenesis of IBD remains unknown, current treatment still emphasizes “art.” Increasingly, however, scientific method has been used in exploring possible etiologies and in evaluating the results of various therapies including operation.
Mixed flows in magnetogasdynamics

Magnetogasdynamics treats the effect of a magnetic field on the continuum dynamics of an electrically conducting gas. If the gas is highly conducting, only an electromotive body force is effected by the presence of the magnetic field. This force, in turn, provides a mechanism for the anisotropic propagation of small disturbances. It is primarily because of the latter that magnetogasdynamic flows may differ from their non-magnetic counterparts. This paper treats such highly conducting flows in the case of aligned magnetic and velocity fields. With this simplification the equations are found to be reducible in the strict sense; that is, they are identical in form to those of ordinary gasdynamics, and the wealth of techniques developed there is thus applicable. The primary concern here will be isentropic flows containing regions in which the usual aerodynamic luxury of linearization fails.
Proton-Induced Transformation of Ca2+ Channel: Possible Mechanism and Physiological Role

Voltage-gated ionic channels are generally identified by the ionic species most permeable through the channel. Ca2+ channels, for instance, are identified as such because they are highly selective to Ca2+, even though the channel conducts significant Na+ when the [Ca2+]o is below micromolar concentrations (Almers et al. 1984; Hess and Tsien 1984; Hess et al. 1986). Chemically gated channels, on the other hand, tend to be less selective, although they do select between cations and anions. Gating mode of the channel appears to be an inherent property of the channel protein. For instance, the ACh-channel is gated only chemically and not by voltage. On the other hand, Na+ or Ca2+ channels are only voltage gated, with no known chemical gating. In this contribution we will show that neuronal Ca2+ channels can have at least two modes of gating. The channel may be voltage or proton gated. The channel can exist in one of two states which are mutually exclusive. In the voltage-gated state the channel is highly selective to divalents, while in the proton-gated state the channel conducts monovalents. Proton sensitivity of the Ca2+ channel may play an important role in a number of physiological and pathological processes. We shall present evidence for a possible role of protons, released from the neurosecretory vesicles of chromaffin cells, in regulation of Ca2+ channel.
Cost Comparison and Complication Rate of Lisfranc Injuries Treated with Open Reduction Internal Fixation versus Primary Arthrodesis

Objectives: Controversy exists regarding optimal primary management of Lisfranc injuries. Whether open reduction internal fixation or primary arthrodesis is superior remains unknown. Our retrospective study uses a private payer database to compare cost, complication rate, and hardware removal rate in Lisfranc injuries treated with primary open reduction internal fixation or primary arthrodesis.
Handbook of Health Psychology and Aging, Carolyn M. Aldwin, Crystal L. Park, and Avron Spiro III

The Handbook of Health Psychology and Aging presents information that is essential for all gerontologists, aging persons, practitioners, physicians, nurses, and others who are interested in aging p...
All Perception Engages the Tensegrity-Based Haptic Medium

Structurally, bodies of organisms can be described as tensegrity systems, fractally self-similar from whole-body to cellular levels. Sensory receptors embedded within such somatic tensegrity system...
A triple-hybrid cross reveals a new hybrid incompatibility locus between D. melanogaster and D. sechellia

Hybrid incompatibilities are the result of deleterious interactions between diverged genes in the progeny of two species. In Drosophila , crosses between female D. melanogaster and males from the D.Msimulans clade ( D. simulans , D. mauritiana , D. sechellia ) fail to produce hybrid F1 males. When attempting to rescue hybrid F1 males by depleting the incompatible allele of a previously identified hybrid incompatibility gene, we observed robust rescue in crosses of D. melanogaster to D. simulans or D. mauritiana , but no rescue in crosses to D. sechellia . To investigate the genetic basis of D. sechellia resistance to hybrid rescue, we designed a triple-hybrid cross to generate recombinant D. sechellia / D. simulans genotypes. We tested the ability of those genotypes to rescue hybrid males with D. melanogaster and used whole genome sequencing to measure the D. sechellia / D. simulans allele frequency of viable F1 males. We found that recombinant genotypes were rescued when they contained two specific loci from D. simulans a region containing previously identified Lethal hybrid rescue (Lhr) , and an unknown region of chromosome 3L which we name Sechellia aversion to hybrid rescue (Satyr) . Our results show that the genetic basis for the recent evolution of this hybrid incompatibility is simple rather than a highly dispersed effect. Further, these data suggest that fixation of differences at Lhr after the split of the D. simulans clade strengthened the hybrid incompatibility between D. sechellia and D. melanogaster .
Brachioradialis Flap With Vascularized Lateral Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction: A Case Report:

Background: Soft tissue defects about the elbow with concurrent ligamentous instability can be challenging to treat. Methods: We present a case report of a lateral elbow wound that resulted in lateral ulnar collateral ligament deficiency and posterolateral elbow instability. Results: We describe our technique of a modified brachioradialis rotational flap, in which the muscle is rotated to cover the soft tissue defect, while the vascularized brachioradialis tendon is used to simultaneously reconstruct the lateral ulnar collateral ligament. This procedure successfully restored posterolateral elbow stability at the time of wound coverage. Conclusion: Elbow soft tissue defects with associated ligamentous injuries can be treated using a modification of the brachioradialis rotational flap.
Scaffolding analytical argumentative writing in a design class: A corpus analysis of student writing

Abstract We report on an interdisciplinary collaboration between writing professors with training in linguistics and a design professor at an English-medium university in the Middle East, where the majority of the students have English as an additional language. We briefly describe the iterative process of redesigning the writing assignments and designing writing workshops to make the design professor's expectations more explicit. We then investigate the impact of the explicit instruction and writing workshops on students’ writing. We use a corpus-based tool to compare the writing of students who participated in the workshops to that of students who took the course in a previous semester, when the workshops were not offered. Our analysis points to an improvement in student writing as a result of the disciplinary writing workshops, particularly in the use of linguistic resources to write analytically.
Outcome of Metastatic and Recurrent Ovarian Dysgerminoma Using Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy in a Dog.

ABSTRACTAn 8 yr old female spayed poodle/terrier mixed-breed dog was referred for evaluation of a recurrent and metastatic ovarian dysgerminoma. A total dose of 20Gy was administered to both the me...
Support seeker expectations, support message quality, and supportive interaction processes and outcomes: The case of the comforting computer program revisited

Developing a complete understanding of supportive communication in personal relationships requires considering the role of support seekers. We examined the influence of seeker expectations and verb...
TrpML-mediated astrocyte microdomain Ca2+ transients regulate astrocyte-tracheal interactions in CNS

Astrocytes exhibit spatially-restricted near membrane microdomain Ca2+ transients in their fine processes. How these transients are generated, and how they regulate brain function in vivo remain unclear. Here we show that Drosophila astrocytes exhibit spontaneous, activity-independent microdomain Ca2+ transients in their fine processes. Astrocyte microdomain Ca2+ transients are mediated by the TRP channel TrpML, stimulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS),and can be enhanced in frequency by tyramine (Tyr) via the TyrRII receptor. Interestingly, astrocyte microdomain Ca2+ transients are closely associated with tracheal elements, which dynamically extend filopodia throughout the nervous system, and astrocyte microdomain Ca2+ transients precede retraction of tracheal filopodia. Loss of TrpML leads to increased tracheal filopodial numbers and growth, and increased ROS in the CNS. Basal levels of astrocyte microdomain Ca2+ transients were regulated by the hypoxia-sensitive factor Sima/Hif-1α, providing a link between astrocyte-tracheal interactions and the molecular control of CNS gas exchange. We propose that local ROS production regulates tracheal dynamics through TrpML-dependent modulation of astrocyte microdomain Ca2+ transients, and in turn CNS gas exchange.
Chapter 26 – Genetic Counseling

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses genetic counseling, its role in diagnosis of hereditary syndromes, decision making in genetic testing and reproductive choices and other aspects that might affect the life and future of the patient. Health care professionals should be competent in genetics, since all diseases are related to underlying genetic component. Genetic conditions include many of the health, growth or developmental problems seen at birth, while others may not be noticed until later in life. There are numerous syndromes known to be due to a chromosomal change and a growing number of genetic conditions identified are due to an interaction between a genetic susceptibility, environmental or other influences on epigenetics. One of the most frequently stated barriers to genetic testing is stated to be fear of discrimination and these factors can make a patient not to participate in potentially life-saving genetic testing. The role of genetic counselors in health care services is described and these counselors can help people understand and adapt to the implications of genetic contributions to diseases. Genetic counselors are able to offer a wide array of services and options and are able to specialize in particular area of interest such as cancer, prenatal, pediatrics and assisted reproduction.
Pulmonic valve infective endocarditis: transesophageal echocardiography is critical to diagnosis

To the editor,Clinical handling of infective endocarditis (IE) was the subject of a recent report in this journal [1]. Among 155 episodes, vegetations were detected by transthoracic echocardiograph...
Comparative Performance of NaI/MEGP vs CZT/MEHRS Collimators in SPECT Imaging of Patients Treated with 177Lu-DOTATATE

330 Objectives: In order to expand the usability of the CZT camera to image higher energy nuclides such as 177Lutetium, this study aims to compare the novel CZT/Medium Energy High Resolution and Sensitivity (MEHRS) collimator to the current standard of care NaI/Medium Energy General Purpose (MEGP) collimator for 177Lu-DOTATATE imaging through quantitative analysis and visual assessment. Methods: A total of 20 177Lu-DOTATATE therapy patients (200mCi therapy dose) are recruited. Patients are scheduled for same-day standard of care SPECT/CT imaging on a GE NM/CT 670 Pro standard NaI gamma camera using a MEGP collimator, and then undergo subsequent SPECT imaging on a GE NM/CT 670 CZT camera using a new MEHRS collimator. Image acquisition parameters were identical on both systems: 2 bed positions, 60 stops/bed position, 15 seconds/stop. The energy window was centered at 208KeV +/- 10%. Images from both the NaI and CZT acquisitions were fused with the CT obtained during the NaI acquisition for attenuation correction and anatomic correlation. Absolute calibration of the scanners was performed by imaging a uniform cylindrical phantom with known 177Lutetium activity concentration in water. Images were reconstructed using the same parameters for quantitative analysis: 4 iterations, 10 subsets, and no filter, using the ordered -subset estimation -maximization (OSEM algorithm) with resolution recovery, motion, scatter, and attenuation corrections. Images were reconstructed using the following parameters for visual analysis: 6 iterations, 10 subsets, Gauss post-filter 1.0 pixel FWHM, with resolution recovery, motion, scatter, and attenuation corrections. Quantitative analysis consist of comparison of absolute counts from each scanner, and SUV measurements of multiple prominent and representative lesions. Visual analysis consist of two blinded nuclear radiologists reviewing the images and rating each image set on a multi-point rating scale for image quality. Results: Promising preliminary results from the first patient in our series demonstrated the CZT/MEHRS acquisition absolute counts to be 15% greater. Comparison of the 2 most prominent lesions revealed SUVmax of 66.8 and 51.9 on the CZT/MEHRS acquisition and similar values of 63.0 and 52.9 respectively on the NaI/MEGP acquisition. CZT/MEHRS produces high quality images by visual assessment. Conclusions: Preliminary results indicate comparable quantitative assessment between new CZT/MEHRS collimator and standard of care NaI/MEGP acquisitions. Higher absolute counts on the CZT/MEHRS acquisition suggest greater absolute system sensitivity. CZT/MEHRS produces high quality images by visual assessment. Further results will be presented including the full subsets of patients and final conclusions. This work suggests that the CZT/MEHRS camera can effectively be used for clinical assessment of 177Lu-DOTATATE.
Assessment of rasburicase utilization for tumor lysis syndrome management in pediatric and adult patients in the inpatient and outpatient settings.

IntroductionAt Wake Forest Baptist Health, an adult tumor lysis syndrome pocket card was created in order to optimize management of tumor lysis syndrome and outline specific recommendations for the...
Amygdala Stimulation Leads to Functional Network Connectivity State Transitions in the Hippocampus

Several studies have shown that direct brain stimulation can enhance memory in humans and animal models. Investigating the neurophysiological changes induced by brain stimulation is an important step towards understanding the neural processes underlying memory function. Furthermore, it paves the way for developing more efficient neuromodulation approaches for memory enhancement. In this study, we utilized a combination of unsupervised and supervised machine learning approaches to investigate how amygdala stimulation modulated hippocampal network activities during the encoding phase. Using a sliding window in time, we estimated the hippocampal dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) after stimulation and during sham trials, based on the covariance of local field potential recordings in 4 subregions of the hippocampus. We extracted different network states by combining the dFNC samples from 5 subjects and applying k-means clustering. Next, we used the between-state transition numbers as the latent features to classify between amygdala stimulation and sham trials across all subjects. By training a logistic regression model, we could differentiate stimulated from sham trials with 67% accuracy across all subjects. Using elastic net regularization as a feature selection method, we identified specific patterns of hippocampal network state transition in response to amygdala stimulation. These results offer a new approach to better understanding of the causal relationship between hippocampal network dynamics and memory-enhancing amygdala stimulation.
Content Proliferation and Narrowcasting in the Age of Streaming Media

Streaming media companies have changed how contents are consumed, produced, and delivered. This research develops a theoretical model on optimal content policies for streaming media companies in order to maximize customer engagement. We have the following interesting findings. First, in contrast to the results in prior literature that firms produce just enough products without overlapping product coverage intervals, we show that overlapping coverage intervals and placing products closer can be a better policy for engagement-based firms. Second, engagement-based model produces more contents when the value of the contents is large to the customers or the profit margin in selling content is less than a certain threshold. Third, on learning a general customers’ distribution, the media firm will always overlap product coverage intervals and place programs closer when the distribution density is larger. Additionally, in facing the tradeoffs of content quality and quantity, the firm should use a higher-quality and low-variety policy for high density clusters but a lower-quality and high-variety policy for low density clusters. Furthermore, when customers consume multiple shows in a period, a better policy is to film TV shows or series with multiple episodes rather than individual movies. Our research contributes to the literature on digital media, and the results provide interesting and insightful implications for streaming companies.
Lithium-ion Battery State of Health Estimation Using Ah-V Characterization

The battery state of health (SOH) is a measure of the battery’s ability to store and deliver electrical energy. Typical SOH methods characterize either the battery power or energy. In this paper, new SOH estimation methods are investigated based on the battery energy represented by the Ampere-hour throughput (Ah). The methods utilize characteristics of the Ah to estimate the battery capacity or the useable energy for state of health estimation. Three new methods are presented and compared. The simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the methods for state of health estimation.
Using natural behavior as a guide for welfare

Abstract In this activity, students will research the natural behavior and adaptations of a species and compare the behavior observed in the zoo (or other captive wildlife) setting to the behavior in the wild. The value of animal-based approaches to assess welfare will be highlighted.