cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interleukin‐1β‐ and tumor necrosis factor‐α‐independent monocyte stimulation of fibroblast collagenase activity

To investigate the mechanism of cyclosporine (Cs)-induced fibrous gingival enlargement, the indirect effects of Cs on fibroblast collagenolysis via the drug's effect on the synthesis of the fibroblast regulatory monokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) have been studied. Peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 48 h produced conditioned media (MCM-LPS) that contained 665 pg/ml IL-1β and 16 pg/ml TNFα and significantly (P < 0.001) enhanced the collagenase activity of a fibroblast strain (GN 23) derived from a healthy individual with clinically normal gingiva. The concurrent addition of Cs (50, 100, or 150 ng/ml) with LPS to the monocytes (MCM-LPS-Cs) significantly diminished their ability to enhance GN 23 collagenase activity in a dose-dependent manner, with MCM-LPS-Cs (150 ng/ml) causing the greatest effect. Cs also significantly inhibited IL-1β and TNFα production. Although the greatest inhibition of both cytokines was at 50 ng/ml Cs, the corresponding MCM-LPS-Cs caused the least diminution (16%) of the collagenase stimulation caused by MCM-LPS (no Cs). This suggested that factor(s) other than or in addition to IL-1β and TNFα might be responsible for the stimulation of GN 23 collagenase activity. MCM-LPS depleted of IL-1β by affinity chromatography retained its stimulatory effect on GN 23 collagenolysis, and human recombinant IL-1β and TNFα, when tested alone or together at levels found in the stimulatory MCM-LPS and MCM-LPS-Cs, did not stimulate GN 23 collagenase activity as did the crude conditioned media. This evidence suggested that the conditioned media contained the complex mixture of cytokines necessary to stimulate collagenase activity of this fibroblast strain and that IL-1β and TNFα were not necessarily involved. Cs may alter the synthesis of other collagenase-stimulating cytokines, accounting for the diminished ability of Cs-treated monocytes to enhance collagenase activity of susceptible fibroblast strains. Decreased collagenase activity, therefore, resulting from Cs suppression of monokine production, may be an important factor in the development of fibrous gingival enlargement seen in some susceptible patients treated with Cs.
Access to attitude-relevant information in memory as a determinant of persuasion: The role of message attributes

Abstract Recipients with access to attitude-relevant information in memory were thought to draw on these beliefs and prior experiences to evaluate the validity of message arguments. Consistent with this idea, persuasion for these recipients was largely a function of the perceived validity of message content: Messages containing high-quality arguments were more persuasive than messages containing lowquality arguments, whereas variations in a structural attribute of the message (its length) proved to have little impact on opinion change. In contrast, people who tend to retrieve little attitude-relevant information were believed to be less able to evaluate the validity of message arguments in terms of information accessed from memory. Instead, it was anticipated that they would base their opinion judgments on a more superficial analysis of persuasion cues, focusing on attributes like message length. Consistent with this reasoning, these recipients were more persuaded by long than short messages. Recipients with moderate levels of retrieval functioned much like the high-retrieval subjects.
Determination of the position and orientation of a scanning laser vibrometer for a laser-based mobility measurement system

In this paper, a geometrical method is presented to determine the pose (position and orientation) of a scanning laser vibrometer with respect to a structural coordinate system. Multiple registration points are simultaneously used to determine the pose in a least squares sense. The known information from each registration point is the structural coordinate and the corresponding scanning coordinate. Three steps are involved in the determination of the pose. The least squares method is applied to each of the three steps. The implementation of the geometrical method has been tested by simulated data and experimental data. The results have shown that this method and its implementation are correct and effective. © (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
On the statistical interpretation of fatigue tests

Progressive damage under repeated load cycles which leads to spreading, visible fatigue cracks and finally to fracture in both metals and non-metals is a highly structure-sensitive process, the large-scale manifestations of which depend primarily on happenings on the submicroscopic and microscopic scale. This produces a considerable scatter in the results of fatigue tests performed under assumedly identical conditions. Thus, if n specimens are subjected to a sequence of stress cycles of the same amplitude S , they break at varying numbers of cycles; these numbers N taken in decreasing order, and the frequencies of survival at each number, determine, for each stress level S , a characteristic cumulative frequency distribution l ( N ) g , the ‘survivorship function’. By formulating the phenomenon of consecutive fatigue fractures of the weakest within a finite (large) set of specimens as a problem of extreme values, the statistical theory of extreme values can be applied to the interpretation of the observed frequencies of survival at any stress amplitude. If, in first approximation, it is assumed that the probability of survival reaches unity only for N = 0 (no ‘sensitivity threshold’ in N ), the survivorship functions are reproduced by the ‘third asymptotic probability function of smallest values’, which is represented on extremal probability paper by a straight-line relation between a reduced statistical variate y and log 10 N . Methods are presented for the computation of the two parameters of the survivorship function l ( N ) g from a set of fatigue data. The fit between the computed theoretical straight lines and the test results is satisfactory for fatigue tests of copper, aluminium and a high-strength structural aluminium alloy.
Measuring Velocity Sensitivity to Production-induced Strain At the Ekofisk Field Using Time-lapse Time-shifts And Compaction Logs.

In chalk reservoirs such as the Ekofisk Field, fluid flow and geomechanical effects combine to change both the location and properties of the reservoir and overburden. Pore pressure and fluid saturation changes cause reservoir compaction and perturb the elastic properties of the reservoir rocks. The overburden responds to the compaction with piston-like seafloor subsidence and length changes (strains). These overburden strains change the seismic velocity. The resulting velocity changes are observed on time-lapse seismic data as time-shifts that accumulate though the overburden.
Good genes, genetic compatibility and the evolution of polyandry: use of the diallel cross to address competing hypotheses.

Genetic benefits can enhance the fitness of polyandrous females through the high intrinsic genetic quality of females’ mates or through the interaction between female and male genes. I used a full diallel cross, a quantitative genetics design that involves all possible crosses among a set of genetically homogeneous lines, to determine the mechanism through which polyandrous female decorated crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus) obtain genetic benefits. I measured several traits related to fitness and partitioned the phenotypic variance into components representing the contribution of additive genetic variance (‘good genes’), nonadditive genetic variance (genetic compatibility), as well as maternal and paternal effects 1 . The results reveal a significant variance attributable to both nonadditive and additive sources in the measured traits, and their influence depended on which trait was considered. The lack of congruence in sources of phenotypic variance among these fitness-related traits suggests that the evolution and maintenance of polyandry are unlikely to have resulted from one selective influence, but rather are the result of the collective effects of a number of factors.
RELT induces cellular death in HEK 293 epithelial cells

RELT is a recently identified Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor that possess two homologues in humans named RELL1 and RELL2. We investigated whether RELT and its homologues could induce cellular death when transiently transfected into HEK 293 epithelial cells. Transfection of RELT family members into HEK 293 epithelial cells induced cell death characterized by rounding and lifting of cells accompanied by DNA fragmentation, characteristics that are consistent with the activation of an apoptotic pathway. Overexpression of RELT in COS-7 cells resulted in cell rounding and lifting without DNA fragmentation, suggesting that the effects of RELT signaling may vary among different cell types. In summary, we report that overexpression of RELT or its homologues RELL1 and RELL2 in HEK 293 epithelial cells results in cell death with morphological characteristics consistent with the activation of an apoptotic pathway.
Outcome-Centered Accreditation: Is Teacher Education Ready?.

La formation des enseignants doit etre integree dans un modele d'habilitation national. Le Conseil National pour l'Habilitation de la Formation des Enseignants (NCATE) a pris depuis 1986 certaines initiatives, auxquelles tous les etablissements ne se sont pas encore rattaches. Afin de stimuler une reflexion autour de ce probleme, les AA. font une serie de recommandations pour ameliorer le statut et la credibilite de la formation
Management of Treatment-Resistant Depression in Children and Adolescents

Depression is a relatively common diagnosis in children and adolescents, and is associated with significant morbidity and suicidality in this population. Evidence-based treatment of the acute illness is imperative to try to prevent the development of treatment-resistant depression or other complications. In situations where response to acute treatment is inadequate, clinicians should first consider factors that may influence outcome, such as psychiatric or medical comorbidities, psychosocial stressors, and treatment noncompliance. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first-line treatment for depression in children and adolescents. For treatment-resistant depression, a switch to an alternate SSRI is recommended before trials of other antidepressants. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy or interpersonal therapy, may improve treatment response. More research is needed examining medication augmentation strategies for treatment-resistant depression in children and adolescents.
Research note Partial single-peakedness: An extension and clarification

Niemi (1969), in an important but neglected paper, found that when orderings were drawn from a simulation based on the impartial culture, the greater the proportion of voter orderings that were single-peaked (a condition he called partial single-peakedness), the more likely was there to be a transitive group ordering. Niemi also found that the likelihood of transitivity increased with n, group size — approaching one as n grew large. Niemi's simulation was restricted to the case of three alternatives. Also, he provided no theoretical explanation for the results of his simulation. Here we provide a theoretical explanation for Niemi's results in terms of a model based on the idea of net preferences, and we extend his results for the general case of any finite number of alternatives, m, for electorates that are large relative to the number of alternatives being considered. In addition to providing a rationale for Niemi's (1969) simulation results, the ideas of net preferences and opposite preference we make use of have a wide range of potential applications.
Quantitative Modeling and Analysis of the Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling Pathway

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling, which regulates multiple cellular processes including proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, plays an important but incompletely understood role in normal and cancerous tissues. For instance, although TGF-β functions as a tumor suppressor in the premalignant stages of tumorigenesis, paradoxically, it also seems to act as a tumor promoter in advanced cancer leading to metastasis. The mechanisms by which TGF-β elicits such diverse responses during cancer progression are still not entirely clear. As a first step toward understanding TGF-β signaling quantitatively, we have developed a comprehensive, dynamic model of the canonical TGF-β pathway via Smad transcription factors. By describing how an extracellular signal of the TGF-β ligand is sensed by receptors and transmitted into the nucleus through intracellular Smad proteins, the model provides quantitative insight into how TGF-β-induced responses are modulated and regulated. Subsequent model analysis shows that mechanisms associated with Smad activation by ligand-activated receptor, nuclear complex formation among Smad proteins, and inactivation of ligand-activated Smad (e.g., degradation, dephosphorylation) may be critical for regulating TGF-β-targeted functional responses. The model was also used to predict dynamic characteristics of the Smad-mediated pathway in abnormal cells, from which we generated four testable hypotheses regarding potential mechanisms by which TGF-β's tumor-suppressive roles may appear to morph into tumor-promotion during cancer progression.
Yale Children's Inventory (YCI): an instrument to assess children with attentional deficits and learning disabilities. I. Scale development and psychometric properties.

The Yale Children's Inventory (YCI), a parent based rating scale, and the scales derived from it have been developed to identify and measure multiple dimensions of learning disabilities with particular emphasis on attentional deficits. Scale construction was based on factor analytic procedures. Measures of internal consistency, test retest reliability, and coefficients of congruence support the reliability and stability of the 11 scales. A discriminant function classified normal and learning disabled children with a relatively high rate of accuracy. The relationship and content of the three relevant YCI scales were compared to the DSM-III diagnostic categories for ADD. As operationalized, DSM-III criteria for hyperactivity formed a cohesive factor, while criteria for attention and impulsivity were not distinguishable from each other since they loaded together on a single factor. In contrast, the equivalent YCI scales for attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity were found to be distinct.
Science or superstition? (A physical scientist looks at the IQ controversy) ☆

Abstract Jensen and others have applied the polygenic theory of inheritance to IQ measurements and have derived a value of about .8 for the ‘heritability of IQ.’ From this result they draw a number of far-reaching conclusions, in particular that children with low IQ's cannot acquire higher cognitive skills (those involved in abstract reasoning and problem-solving) and that ethnic differences in average IQ probably have a significant genetic component. This paper analyzes the implicit assumptions underlying Jensen's theoretical analysis and demonstrates that they are untenable. Like any other quantitative scientific theory, the theory of polygenic inheritance applies only to measurements that satisfy certain formal requirements. A detailed discussion of IQ measurements shows that they do not satisfy these requirements. Consequently, estimates of the ‘heritability of IQ’ are not merely unreliable but meaningless. Next, IQ correlation data and other relevant observations are examined in the light of current ideas concerning cognitive development. It is shown that the data provide no support for the view that children with low IQ's, or children of parents with low IQ's, have limited capacity for acquiring higher cognitive skills. Finally, the ‘hypothesis’ of genetic differences in intelligence between ethnic groups is shown to be unstestable by existing or foreseeable methods. Hence it should not be regarded as a scientific hypothesis but as a metaphysical speculation.
Empiric Antibiotics for the Complex Febrile Child: When, Why, and What to Use

There are multiple patient care scenarios where empiric antibiotics are indicated in the practice of pediatric emergency medicine. Patients with fever and neutropenia, ventriculoperitoneal shunt(s), cystic fibrosis, and short bowel syndrome are unique patient populations that are often instructed to seek further evaluation for any concerns of possible infection. When seen in the emergency department, fever is usually the presenting complaint; however, they may also present with more subtle signs and symptoms of infection that require prompt evaluation. This article briefly reviews these 4 unique patient populations as well as when, why, and what empiric antibiotics are often used to treat them.
A model chapter on iron for a textbook on plant nutrition

Abstract New ideas are being developed on iron relationships in plants. Older textbooks on plant nutrition are obsolete in respect to iron and some newer textbooks are somewhat obsolete. It is very important that students be kept near the front of this changing field to insure that progress continues. The chapter by Mengel and Kirkby (1982) is excellent although it does not go into siderophores and their possible relationships with iron uptake and to microbial and crop ecology, or deeply into redox in relationship with uptake of iron from synthetic chelating agents, or into iron uptake by plants from organic iron amendments, or into the riboflavin aspect of the iron response mechanism, or into hormonal control of iron transport, or into the role of iron chelates on the flowering of Lemna, or into the role of iron on thylakoid synthesis or much into the diagnosis of iron status of plants and soils as examples, or much into the significance of iron interactions in ecological problems related to lime soils. ...
Stably compact spaces

The purpose of this paper is to develop the basic theory of stably compact spaces (viz. compact, locally compact, coherent sober spaces) and introduce in an accessible manner and with a minimum of prerequisites some significant new lines of investigation and application arising from recent research, which has arisen primarily in the theoretical computer science community. Three primary themes have developed: (i) the property of stable compactness is preserved under a large variety of constructions involving powerdomains, hyperspaces and function spaces; (ii) the underlying de Groot duality of stably compact spaces, which finds varied expression, is reflected by duality theorems involving the just mentioned constructions; and (iii) the notion of inner and outer pavings is a useful and natural tool for such studies of stably compact spaces.
Psychometric Properties of a Revised Form of the Drug-Taking Confidence Questionnaire for Use with Adolescents

Self-efficacy is an important cognitive predictor of substance abuse treatment outcome. Although measures of coping self-efficacy are related to substance use relapse in adults, their properties are not well-known in adolescent populations. The present study examined 223 adolescents while in treatment for substance abuse and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Responses on the Drug-Taking Confidence Questionnaire (DTCQ; Sklar, Annis, & Turner, 1997) were used to construct a 37-item, 5-factor version for use with adolescents. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis identified the following factors: (1) negative situations, (2) social/drugs,(3) pleasant emotions, (4) testing personal control, and (5) physical/intimate. Data preliminarily support the construct, concurrent, and predictive validity of the revised instrument.
Group-wise similarity and classification of aggregate scanpaths

We present a novel method for the measurement of the similarity between aggregates of scanpaths. This may be thought of as a solution to the "average scanpath" problem. As a by-product of this method, we derive a classifier for groups of scanpaths drawn from various classes. This capability is empirically demonstrated using data gathered from an experiment in an attempt to automatically determine expert/novice classification for a set of visual tasks.
Effects of 3D Virtual Haptics Force Feedback on Brand Personality Perception: The Mediating Role of Physical Presence in Advergames

Abstract This study gauged the effects of force feedback in the Novint Falcon haptics system on the sensory and cognitive dimensions of a virtual test-driving experience. First, in order to explore the effects of tactile stimuli with force feedback on users' sensory experience, feelings of physical presence (the extent to which virtual physical objects are experienced as actual physical objects) were measured after participants used the haptics interface. Second, to evaluate the effects of force feedback on the cognitive dimension of consumers' virtual experience, this study investigated brand personality perception. The experiment utilized the Novint Falcon haptics controller to induce immersive virtual test-driving through tactile stimuli. The author designed a two-group (haptics stimuli with force feedback versus no force feedback) comparison experiment (N = 238) by manipulating the level of force feedback. Users in the force feedback condition were exposed to tactile stimuli involving various force fe...
Remote (inside-out) NMR. III. Detection of nuclear magnetic resonance in a remotely produced region of homogeneous magnetic field

Recent discovery of a method of producing a region of homogeneous magnetic field remotely, combined with the recent detection of NMR in samples external to the nuclear magnetic resonance coil, led to this report of the detection of NMR from a remotely produced toroidal region external to the coil. Using a modified 4-in. laboratory electromagnet, a toroidal region of homogeneous radial magnetic field 28 cm in diameter with a field strength of 117.5 G was produced. Proton NMR signals were detected from a variety of coaxially located NMR coils of 15-, 18-, 20-, and 24-cm diameter. The data suggest an inverse fifth-power dependence of signalto-noise ratio on ra, the ratio of sample-to-coil radii. Correction for sample volume dependence on R results in an inverse square dependence of S/N on R when a is fixed.
Copper radical oxidases and related extracellular oxidoreductases of wood-decay Agaricomycetes.

Extracellular peroxide generation, a key component of oxidative lignocellulose degradation, has been attributed to various enzymes including the copper radical oxidases. Encoded by a family of structurally related sequences, the genes are widely distributed among wood decay fungi including three recently completed polypore genomes. In all cases, core catalytic residues are conserved, but five subfamilies are recognized. Glyoxal oxidase, the most intensively studied representative, has been shown physiologically connected to lignin peroxidase. Relatively little is known about structure–function relationships among more recently discovered copper radical oxidases. Nevertheless, differences in substrate preferences have been observed in one case and the proteins have been detected in filtrates of various wood-grown cultures. Such diversity may reflect adaptations to host cell wall composition and changing environmental conditions.
RESONANT MAGNETIC FIELD CONTROL OF ELASTIC SCATTERING IN COLD 85RB

A magnetic field-dependent Feshbach resonance has been observed in the elastic scattering collision rate between atoms in the $F\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}2,M\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\ensuremath{-}2$ state of ${}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$. Changing the magnetic field by several Gauss caused the collision rate to vary by a factor of 1${0}^{4}$, and the sign of the scattering length could be reversed. The resonance peak is at 155.2(4) G and its width is 11.6(5) G. From these results we extract much improved values for the three quantities that characterize the interaction potential: The van der Waals coefficient ${C}_{6}$, the singlet scattering length ${a}_{S}$, and the triplet scattering length ${a}_{T}$.
Left Atrial Myxoma: Pulmonary Infarction Caused by Pulmonary Venous Occlusion

Atrial myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumors. Typical complications include congestive heart failure, systemic emboli, or vasculitic type syndromes. Presented is a case of postpartum congestive heart failure in a 17-year-old girl. Echocardiography revealed a left atrial mass. Intraoperatively this mass was found to be extending into and occluding the left pulmonary veins. Left pulmonary infarction had occurred, and left pneumonectomy was required to completely remove the lesion. This case thus represents an unusual complication of left atrial myxoma.
The use of conspecific phenotypic states as information during reproductive decisions

Conspecifics that individuals encounter while foraging can provide a rich source of information about resource quality and levels of competition in the environment. Social learning theory predicts that animals should respond to cues from those individuals that provide the most reliable information. In this study, we explored the effect of the reproductive state and behaviour of individual sources of information on the behavioural and physiological reproductive decisions of the walnut-infesting fruit fly, Rhagoletis suavis . We demonstrate that female flies held in the presence of reliable sources of information about resource quality and/or level of local competition (reproductively active females) mature and lay eggs more readily than those in the presence of unreliable information sources (reproductively inactive females). The occurrence of such sophisticated use of social information in a nonsocial insect indicates its potential ubiquity and importance in the ecology and evolution of populations.
Chemical Stability of Vb2 and ZrB2 with Aluminum

The chemical stability of boride thin films with aluminum is investigated. Only two diborides, VB2 and HfB2 have a positive heat of reaction which makes them potential candidates for thermodynamically stable diffusion barriers between Al and Si. Thin films of VB2, and ZrB2 for comparison, prepared by rf sputtering of composite targets were chosen for this study. Multilayer samples of these borides and aluminum were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry to determine if, according to calculations, a reaction between Al and the borides takes place, and to measure the heat of reaction. We find that an exothermic chemical reaction occurs between ZrB2 and Al and that an exothermic crystallization reaction takes place in the VB2 and Al sample. The reaction products were determined using X-ray diffraction.
Geoacoustic inversion by mode amplitude perturbation

In a shallow‐water waveguide the geoacoustic properties of the seafloor have a significant effect on the way sound propagates through the water. Because of this, measurements of the pressure field in the water can be used to estimate bottom properties. In this talk a perturbative method is presented which allows one to use measurements of the modal amplitudes to estimate a set of bottom parameters. A key component of the method is an expression for the derivative of the mode functions with respect to some bottom parameter. Following from the work of Thode and Kim [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 3370–2283 (2004)], the derivative is expressed as a weighted sum over all modes (both propagating and leaky). It is thought that this method can be used alongside eigenvalue perturbation [Rajan et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82, 998–1017 (1987)] to provide an inversion scheme more robust to measurement noise. To demonstrate its feasibility, the method is applied to synthetic and real data. [Work supported by the WHOI education office.]
Infection and transovarial transmission of rickettsiae in Dermacentor variabilis ticks acquired by artificial feeding.

In this study we examined the efficiency of an in vitro feeding technique using glass microcapillaries as a method of establishing rickettsiae-infected lines of ticks. To quantify the volume ingest...
Observations on Buccinum Undatum L. attacking bivalves and on prey responses, with a short review on attack methods of other prosobranchs

Abstract The whelk, Buccinum undatum tries to attack all bivalves in the same way: It orients itself so that the front edge of the foot lies in contact with the edge of the valves of the prey; when the bivalve opens, the whelk suddenly inserts its lip between the valves thus preventing their closing. Buccinum may introduce its proboscis through the narrow slit or the valves may in some cases be wedged further open. Cardium edule is quickly devoured by this technique but a number of other cardiids as well as Nuculana pernula, Venus ovata, Spisula subtruncata and S. elliptica leap away when attacked. Pectinids swim away when touched by the foot of Buccinum. Species such as Mytilus edulis, Modiolus modiolus, Astarte montagui, Arctica islandica, and Venus striatula keep closed so long that Buccinum usually gives up and crawls away. Mya arenaria is buried so deep that it cannot be reached by the whelk. Stomach contents of specimens from the Oresund show a high occurrence of Modiolus, but it is concluded that t...
Maximum fluid forces in the tsunami runup zone

The analytic and numeric models of the fully nonlinear shallow-water theory are used to compute the temporal and spatial variations of water depth and flow velocity of tsunami runup on a uniformly sloping beach, from which the momentum flux is evaluated. The momentum flux is proportional to the drag force for a surface-piercing stationary object of the unit breadth being placed vertically over the flow depth. The envelope of the extreme momentum flux in the runup/rundown process is established. The actual force acting on a specific object must be computed with its appropriate drag coefficient.
Omega-3 fatty acids and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecules.

Abstract Although dietary fatty acids can modulate atherogenesis and inflammation, the mechanisms by which this occurs are poorly understood. Induction in endothelial cells of adhesion molecules for circulating leukocytes and of inflammatory mediators by cytokines likely contributes to early phases of atherogenesis and inflammation. We report here that incorporation into cellular lipids of one specific fatty acid of the ω-3 family, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), decreases cytokine-induced expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecules, secretion of inflammatory mediators, and leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. These properties of DHA may contribute to antiatherogenic and antiinflammatory effects of ω-3 fatty acids.
Orthotropic yield criteria for description of the anisotropy in tension and compression of sheet metals

Abstract In this paper, yield functions describing the anisotropic behavior of textured metals are proposed. These yield functions are extensions to orthotropy of the isotropic yield function proposed by Cazacu et al. (Cazacu, O., Plunkett, B., Barlat, F., 2006. Orthotropic yield criterion for hexagonal close packed metals. Int. J. Plasticity 22, 1171–1194). Anisotropy is introduced using linear transformations of the stress deviator. It is shown that the proposed anisotropic yield functions represent with great accuracy both the tensile and compressive anisotropy in yield stresses and r -values of materials with hcp crystal structure and of metal sheets with cubic crystal structure. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the proposed formulations can describe very accurately the anisotropic behavior of metal sheets whose tensile and compressive stresses are equal. It was shown that the accuracy in the description of the details of the flow and r -values anisotropy in both tension and compression can be further increased if more than two linear transformations are included in the formulation. If the in-plane anisotropy of the sheet in tension and compression is not very strong, the yield criterion CPB06ex2 provides a very good description of the main trends.
How and why parents take on the tube

A survey of 225 parents assesses patterns of television‐related interaction, viewing habits and perceptions. Mediation is conceptually distinct from coviewing and has different motivations and implications when positive or negative in valence. A typology of mediation patterns includes nonmediators (parents who talk about television with their children infrequently), optimists (those whose discussion primarily reinforces television content), cynics (those whose discussion primarily counters television content) and selectives (those who use both positive and negative discussion strategies).
Path-integral calculation of the two-dimensional 4 He phase diagram

Path-integral Monte Carlo simulations have been used to determine the phase diagram of a two-dimensional ${}^{4}\mathrm{He}$ film in a range of temperatures and coverages where it undergoes solidification, superfluidity, and a liquid-gas transition $(0.25\mathrm{K}l~Tl~1.5\mathrm{K} 0l\ensuremath{\sigma}l0.094 {\AA{}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}).$ We determine the phase-transition densities and give the coefficients for a functional form of the free energy in the liquid, solid, and gas phases. The phase diagram is similar to the one determined from experimental measurements of a second layer of helium on graphite.
An Algorithm for Efficient Solution of Finite-Difference Frequency-Domain (FDFD) Methods [EM Programmer's Notebook]

Finite-Difference Frequency-Domain methods (FDFD) require solution of large linear systems of equations. These large systems are represented by matrix equations including highly sparse coefficient matrices, and they can often only be solved by using iterative methods. This paper presents an algorithm in which the matrix-equation solution approach in an iterative method is replaced by a multi-step solution process. Instead of using a coefficient matrix, the coefficients in the FDFD formulations are kept as three-dimensional arrays, and they are treated as operators. The algorithm is used together with the Bi-Conjugate Gradients Stabilized (BICGSTAB) method. This is applied to a three-dimensional FDFD method to solve for scattering from dielectric objects. It is also applied to two other FDFD methods (a single-grid and a double-grid FDFD) to solve for scattering from chiral objects. It has been shown that the presented algorithm effectively reduces the solution time and memory requirements.
Factor Structure of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children: Fourth Edition in Children with ADHD.

Objective: Recent evidence suggests that the factor structure of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) is better explained by a five-factor model rather than the four-factor model in the standardization sample. The current study examined the WISC-IV’s factor structure in a sample of children with ADHD. Method: Participants included 314 children and adolescents who were diagnosed with ADHD. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the 10 core subtests of the WISC-IV, and three models were examined including two based on Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) theory. Results: A five-factor model consisting of Gc, Gf, Gv, Gsm, and Gs factors provided the best fit for the data. The Perceptual Reasoning factor identified in the original four-factor model split into the two CHC factors, Gf and Gv, and cross-loaded the Symbol Search subtest onto the Gv factor. Conclusion: A five-factor model based on CHC theory provided superior fit for the WISC-IV in children with ADHD, as has been foun...
Localized damage response of composite sandwich plates

Abstract The objective of this article is to derive closed-form solutions for the deformation and fracture responses of a composite sandwich plate subjected to static indentation of a hemispherical-nose indenter. The composite sandwich is modeled as an infinite, orthotropic, elastic plate resting on a rigid-plastic foundation. The facesheet deflection is several times the laminate thickness so that bending moments may be neglected and only membrane forces are considered in the facesheet. The rigid-plastic foundation force is given by the honeycomb crushing resistance. The deformation of the facesheet is found by using the principle of minimum potential energy. The elastic strain energy resulting from the membrane forces in the facesheet, the plastic work dissipated in crushing the honeycomb, and the external work are evaluated using an appropriate shape function for the facesheet deflection. The relations between the indentation load and the transverse deflection and length of deformation are obtained by minimization of the total potential energy. Minimization of the total potential energy has to be done numerically because of an implicit expression for the contact radius between the hemispherical-nose indenter and the facesheet of the honeycomb. An approximate solution for the load–indentation response is derived by assuming an average value of the contact radius. For the particular composite sandwich plates and indenters considered, the difference between the numerical and approximate solutions is about 3%. Furthermore, the approximate predictions are within 15% of the experimental results. Conservative estimates of the failure loads which cause cracking of the facesheet are predicted using the Maximum Stress and Tsai–Hill Criteria. The equations derived by the above failure criteria yield important design considerations for composite sandwich plates. It was observed that the failure load increases with the square of the ply thickness and indenter radius and is inversely proportional to the crushing resistance of honeycomb.
Evaluation of pain following electrocautery tubal ligation and effect of intraoperative fentanyl

Abstract Study Objective: To evaluate pain following laparoscopic tubal sterilization (LTS) and the effects of supplemental intraoperative fentanyl. Design: Open evaluation of pain intensity and opioid requirements with double-blind, randomized evaluation of intraoperative fentanyl. Setting: Outpatient center of a university-affiliated teaching hospital. Patients: 44 ASA status I patients who underwent LTS by electrocautery. Interventions: Patients received either intravenous fentanyl (F) 1 μg/kg or saline (S) at induction. Measurements and Main Results: Pain intensity was measured with patient assessments of visual analog scales (VAS) and cumulative opioid requirements. The group that received intraoperative fentanyl received 70.2 ± 3.7 μg at induction. VAS on postanesthesia care unit arrival was 4.9 ± 0.5 (F) and 5.9 ± 0.5 (S) (means ± SEM). VAS after one hour was 2.1 ± 0.2 in both groups. During that hour, the F group consumed 107.5 ± 14. 7 μg and the S group consumed 140.5 + 15.7 μg fentanyl. The range of fentanyl consumed by each group in the postoperative period was 0 to 250 μg. There were no statistically significant differences between the F and S groups. Conclusions: Pain following LTS by electrocautery is of significant magnitude and may require relatively large doses of opioids for adequate management. Supplemental intraoperative fentanyl 1 μg/kg did not produce a clinically significant reduction in either pain scores or opioid requirements.
Becoming a Working Mother: Managing Identity and Efficacy Uncertainties During Resocialization

The work reentry period following the birth of a first child is a time of uncertainty for a professional woman. During reentry, a new mother is often questioning who she is and how effective she can be as a mother and working professional. In this study, we conceptualize reentry as a period of resocialization as we explore the first-time mother's changing self-concept during this time. Specifically, we develop a model that explores the identity and efficacy uncertainties that women experience during resocialization. This model draws attention to the influence organizational context has on the degree of uncertainty women experience and to the adjustment tactics women engage to manage their identity and efficacy uncertainty. We discuss the implications these findings have for both socialization research and work-life theory and practice. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Survey of selected hydrides as doping agents for a hydrogen-atmosphere flame-ionization detector

Abstract The hydrogen-atmosphere flame-ionization detector for gas chromatography exhibits a selective and enhanced response for metal containing compounds when its atmosphere is doped with small amounts of silane. In this study, response characteristics of the flame were investigated for a variety of organic compounds when the hydrogen atmosphere was doped with small amounts of methane, silane, germane, or phosphine. Responses of pure hydrocarbons and compounds containing F, Cl, O, S, N, P, As, Sb, Si, or Ge were either unaffected by the addition of doping agents, or their variations were not considered analytically significant. As expected, compounds of Fe, Sn and Pb exhibited enhanced responses with silane doping. Mo and W compounds showed increased ionization with methane. Several compounds increased response with the introduction of germane, but noise also increased such that no gain in signal-to-noise ratio was obtained. Phosphine proved to be the doping agent with the most potential. Response intensities for compounds containing Fe, Sn, Pb, Mo and Sb appeared analytically useful, but more significant, was the fact that the peaks were negative. Thus, it appears that a potential exists for the development of a phosphine-doped detector in which compounds not containing elements of interest would produce deminutive positive peaks while metal containing compounds would respond with enhanced negative peaks. Further studies on this mode of operation are recommended.
Polynomials of binomial type from truncated delta series

Sequences of binomial type are thoroughly structured polynomial sequences. We view them as being parametrized by their delta series, and study the influence of the lower order parameters on the polynomials. By omitting the first k parameters from the delta series and shifting the remainder to the left, the k th level of the given sequence is defined. The umbral composition of those level sequences with ( x n ) shows interesting properties. In terms of species, we give a combinatorial interpretation of what is means for a binomial sequence to coincide with its k th umbral level.
Walking between worlds An exploration of the interface between indigenous and first-world industrialized culture

EnglishFindings of a research study are offered, which explored the interface between indigenous and industrial culture from the perception of indigenous people from South Africa and New Mexico, USA. Adaptability and resilience are confirmed, as are confusion and threats to indigenous ways of life.FrenchCette etude livre les resultats d’une recherche visant a explorer l’interface entre la culture autochtone et la culture industrielle a partir du point de vue des peuples autochtone de l’Afrique du Sud, du Nouveau-Mexique (E tas-Unis d’Amerique). Les notions d’adaptation et de resilience y sont confirmees, de meme que sont soulevees la confusion et les menaces a l’endroit des modes de vie autochtone.SpanishSe presentan los hallazgos de una investigacion que explora la juncion entre la cultura indigena y la industrial, a partir de la percepcion de indigenas de Sud Africa y Nuevo Mexico, en los Estados Unidos de America. Se confirman la adaptabilidad y la resistencia, lo que supone confusion y amenaza para el...
Hole magnetotunneling in p-type AlxGa1-xAs capacitors

Abstract Hole tunneling has been studied in single-barrier p -type Al x Ga 1−x As capacitors. The current-voltage ( I–V ) curves with no magnetic field are remarkably complex. At low bias, in the direct tunneling regime, several reproducible voltage-controlled negative resistance (VCNR) regimes occur. VCNR is unchanged for magnetotunneling in magnetic fields B perpendicular to the accumulation layer; the voltages for minima in the derivative of I–V curves for -0.4 V≲ V G ≲-0.1 V are constant. For -0.8 V≲ V G ≲-0.4 V, and for B ≳9 T, there are minima in the derivative curves whose positions are proportional to magnetic field. The origin of the complex structure for -0.4 V≲ V G ≲-0.1 V is uncertain but may be connected with conversion of heavy holes to light holes that tunnel through Al 0.5 Ga 0.5 As.
Specificity of Calmodulin Recognition of Human Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels

Voltage-dependent sodium channels (Nav1.X) control the rising phase of action potentials in excitable cells. Mutational pathologies include epilepsy, Long QT syndrome, familial autism, and pain insensitivity. This family of ion channels is regulated by calmodulin (CaM), a small, essential eukaryotic calcium sensor that contains two highly homologous domains whose affinities for calcium differ by an order of magnitude. CaM is known to recognize at least two regions of NaV: the highly conserved inactivation gate between transmembrane domains III and IV, and an IQ motif, located in the intracellular C-terminus of the Nav. The IQ motif, which may serve as a CaM “sink”, holds CaM available to quickly re-associate with the inactivation gate upon calcium binding. High-resolution structures of apo CaM bound to the IQ motifs of NaV1.2, 1.5 and 1.6 show many similarities. However, the free energies of CaM binding to these motifs are markedly different. In our studies of CaM binding to the IQ motif of NaV1.2, the C-domain of both apo (calcium-free) and calcium-saturated CaM bind and calcium binding to CaM lowers its affinity for the IQ motif. To better understand calcium-mediated feedback control, we conducted thermodynamic analyses of CaM binding to the IQ motif sequences representing all 9 members of the human Nav family and the consensus inactivation gate. CaM binding was detected by monitoring the loss of FRET intensity of a biosensor containing the IQ motif sandwiched between two YFP and CFP. The nine sodium channels split into two classes based on their binding affinity for apo CaM at the IQ motif. We are exploring the roles of individual residues to determine the positions that are necessary and sufficient to confer preferential binding of apo or calcium-saturated CaM. Support: NIH R01 GM57001.
Improving adherence to a cholesterol-lowering diet: a behavioral intervention study

Less than 50% of US adults follow dietary recommendations. Despite these figures, little research has focused on improving adherence to a therapeutic eating plan. The research utilizing self-efficacy theory has shown promise for improving behavior change and treatment adherence. This study evaluated the efficacy of a telephone-delivered, self-efficacy based intervention designed to improve adherence to a cholesterol-lowering diet among those self-reporting nonadherence. Sixty-five men and women diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia were randomized to usual care or treatment, which consisted of six intervention sessions delivered every 2 weeks by telephone and focused on how to manage eating behavior in challenging situations. There were significant between group differences post intervention in the consumption of saturated fat (P < .001) and cholesterol (P = .040) with the intervention group improving their dietary adherence. Significant change (P = .013) occurred over time in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in the intervention group. No changes were observed in self-efficacy between groups, suggesting that self-efficacy was not a mediator of the improved adherence. The study's findings confirm that the telephone is a useful tool to deliver adherence-enhancing interventions.
Phono-limited transport of charge carriers in molecular crystals

Abstract For strong electron-phonon interactions, the mobilities of charge carriers in molecular crystals can be limited by phonon velocities. A model calculation of mobilities and their temperature dependence including this limit gives results in good agreement with experiment for anthracene.