cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plutonic rocks of Jurassic age in the Alaska–Aleutian Range batholith: Chemical variations and polarity

Plutonic rocks of Jurassic age exposed on the eastern, or Pacific, side of the Alaska–Aleutian Range batholith represent the roots of a magmatic arc generally considered to have been generated in response to northwest-directed subduction. These rocks form a compositionally continuous calc-alkaline suite that ranges from hornblende gabbro through quartz monzonite. Tonalite and quartz diorite are the dominant rock types. Trend-surface analysis was used to examine the geographic variation of major oxides and a few simple oxide ratios for 102 samples from widely separated localities. Statistical tests indicate that most of the trends, although weak, are real. The direction of slope of the trends is approximately normal to the Jurassic magmatic arc K 2 O and SiO 2 increase toward the east-southeast; the other oxides increase toward the west-northwest. The K 2 O trend accounts for about 19% of the variance in the data and is significant at > 99.9% level of confidence. If the chemical trends reflect the approximate geometry of a paleosubduction zone, the polarity of the Jurassic magmatic arc is to the northwest. That is, the paleosubduction zone was on the northwest side of the arc, and subduction was directed toward the southeast. The paleosubduction zone is on the opposite side of the arc from the position that has generally been assumed, indicating that the Jurassic plutonic rocks were not generated in response to classical Andean-type convergent plate margins. The magmatic arc may have formed in an intra-ocean environment, and subsequently has been rafted northward and accreted to this part of the northern Pacific rim during the late Mesozoic. Middle and Upper Jurassic clastic sediments underlying Cook Inlet to the southeast, and derived from the magmatic arc, are classified as backarc deposits, rather than as an arc-trench gap sequence.
System life cycle engineering and DF'X'

A perspective is presented on a conceptual relationship of design for assembly, design for manufacture, and design for the life cycle. System life-cycle engineering is defined and needed research initiatives proposed. It is stressed that it is important to keep a perspective that considers the total life cycle of the product (and manufacturing process) in continual view and focus. This is even more important today when the planning of new products includes second, and third, etc. generation product follow-on's, where the support to and through product lives must be part of an integrated life-cycle strategy. The importance of planning for and addressing this systems life cycle, first-generation, second-generation, etc. technology plateau approach is highlighted even for new technologies such as artificial intelligence and expert systems where finite life versus modification and change will even be more important. >
Biochemical and physiological evidence that histamine is the transmitter of barnacle photoreceptors

We tested the hypothesis that histamine is the transmitter released by barnacle photoreceptors. Median and lateral ocelli were incubated with 3H-histidine and found to synthesize 3H-histamine, identified by high-voltage electrophoresis. Synthesis could be blocked by the histidine decarboxylase inhibitor (S)-alpha-fluoromethylhistidine. Histamine was applied to I-cells either by superfusion or by pressure ejection from a pipette (100 microM or 1 mM histamine) positioned close to the I-cell's soma. When bath-applied at concentrations ranging from 5-100 microM, histamine hyperpolarized the I-cell in a dose-dependent fashion and increased its conductance. At 100 microM, histamine abolished the I-cell's response to light. The response to a pulse of pressure-applied histamine was a hyperpolarization whose amplitude was graded with dose (determined by the duration of the pulse). This response persisted in concentrations of Co2+ and Cd2+ that blocked synaptic transmission from the photoreceptors. Cimetidine, an antagonist of mammalian H2 receptors, markedly decreased the cell's responses both to HA and to light at 100 microM and blocked both responses at 1 mM. Pyrilamine and triprolidine, H1 antagonists, had a complex effect on the I-cell's responses to histamine and to light. Neither H1 nor H2 antagonists, nor histamine itself, affected the voltage or light responses recorded in the presynaptic terminal region, or any phase of calcium-dependent action potentials induced in the terminal in the presence of tetraethylammonium ion. Thus, biochemical, immunocytochemical, and physiological evidence suggests that HA is the transmitter from these photoreceptors to the I-cells. Although gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is also present in the photoreceptors, it did not affect the I-cell's responses to light or to histamine when bath-applied at 100 microM. Thus, GABA does not appear to modulate transmission from the photoreceptor to the I-cell.
Cultural evolution of male song types in Darwin's medium ground finches, Geospiza fortis

Abstract To examine the patterns and causes of cultural change in a bird species, the changes in frequency, between-generation transmission, and demographic success of different male song types were studied in a population of Darwin's medium ground finches, Geospiza fortis, on Isla Daphne Major, Galapagos over a 6-year period (1979–1984). Males in this population sang one of four simple discrete song types throughout their lifetimes and males with different song types differed in body size. Sons generally sang the same song type as that of their fathers, although the percentage of sons who learned non-paternal song types (25% of all father-son pairs) was higher than previously reported for this population. There were frequency-dependent changes in the relative numbers of different song types over time: the type that was most common at the start of the study declined significantly in frequency over the 6-year period while the three less common types showed equivalent increases in relative abundance. This non-random, pattern of cultural change was at least partially caused by both direct and indirect selection on male song type. Direct selection occurred because males with the less common songs survived longer; this relationship was independent od possible effects of body size on survival. Males with the less common songs also produced more yearling offspring. However, this difference is best explained as an indirect, correlated effect of a positive relationship between male body size and fecundity. Finally, males with less common songs also produced more sons who recruited to the breeding population, which is indirect evidence that the song type of a young male may influence his chances of becoming a breeder. This demonstration of fitness differences between males with different, song types argues that biological and cultural evolution are more closely coupled processes in these birds than in previously studied species.
Rayleigh fade compensation QPRS coherent mobile radio modems operated at a practical 2 b/s/Hz efficiency

For fast-fading digital mobile systems, a spectrally efficient technique that can achieve more than 2 bit/s/Hz with a built-in fade canceler is proposed. Recent studies show that fading in digital mobile communications can be canceled by adding redundant bits to the customer data or with pilot-based techniques. The objective is to extend this concept to a more spectrally efficient class IV quadrature partial-response signaling (QPRS) system. However, in such schemes, if the pilot is corrupted by the phase noise caused by the pilot-data interference, the fade cancellation will not effectively remove the error floor. The class IV system has an inherent advantage in that it has a spectral null at DC and a low energy content at the ends of the band. Such systems also have a higher speed tolerant. It is shown that a small bandwidth around DC can be vacated to insert the pilot. Preliminary results indicate that the residual error floor can be reduced from 10/sup -2/ to 10/sup -5/ in fast-fading channels. The improvement in bit error ratio performance of the band-vacated QPRS is compared to the unfiltered QPRS. >
PDPS: a protocol design system by production systems approach

The Protocol Design Production System (PDPS) is proposed for a protocol design system using the production systems approached based on OPS5. Using this approach, communication protocols are specified as triples of object-attribute-value, and the occurrences of send and receive transitions in the communication protocols can be specified by production rules. The inference of reachable global states and all logical errors are formally defined in terms of production rules. An incremental verification algorithm based on the production systems approach is also presented. From this approach, one can obtain the advantages of clear knowledge representations, strong modularity, modifiability, and expressability. Furthermore, since more production systems integrate the abstract specifications and the procedural computations into a single system, the special-purpose compiler which is used to facilitate the automation of communication protocol implementation is no longer required between the specification phase and the implementation phase. By combining the production systems with the RETE pattern matching algorithm and a parallel multiprocessor machine like the Encore Multimax, the proposed PDPS can achieve a remarkable performance in parallel execution. >
New trends for overcoming ABCG2/BCRP-mediated resistance to cancer therapies

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters make up a superfamily of transmembrane proteins that play a critical role in the development of drug resistance. This phenomenon is especially important in oncology, where superfamily member ABCG2 (also called BCRP – breast cancer resistance protein) is known to interact with dozens of anti-cancer agents that are ABCG2 substrates. In addition to the well-studied and well-reviewed list of cytotoxic and targeted agents that are substrates for the ABCG2 transporter, a growing body of work links ABCG2 to multiple photodynamic therapy (PDT) agents, and there is a limited body of evidence suggesting that ABCG2 may also play a role in resistance to radiation therapy. In addition, the focus of ABC transporter research in regards to therapeutic development has begun to shift in the past few years. The shift has been away from using pump inhibitors for reversing resistance, toward the development of therapeutic agents that are poor substrates for these efflux pump proteins. This approach may result in the development of drug regimens that circumvent ABC transporter-mediated resistance entirely. Here, it is our intention to review: 1) recent discoveries that further characterize the role of ABCG2 in oncology, and 2) advances in reversing and circumventing ABC transporter-mediated resistance to anti-cancer therapies.
Gulf Coast Resilience Coalition: An Evolved Collaborative Built on Shared Disaster Experiences, Response, and Future Preparedness.

Objective For close to a decade, the Gulf Coast of the United States has been in almost constant disaster recovery mode, and a number of lessons have been learned concerning disaster recovery and behavioral health. The purpose of this report was to describe the natural development of a Gulf Coast Resilience Coalition (GCRC). Methods The GCRC methods began with state-specific recovery goals following Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and transitioned to a shared multistate and multidiscipline coalition. The coalition’s effectiveness is demonstrated through continuation, procurement of funding to provide response services, and increased membership to ensure sustainability. Results The coalition has enhanced response, recovery, and resilience by providing strategic plans for dissemination of knowledge; post-disaster surveillance and services; effective relationships and communication with local, state, and regional partners; disaster response informed by past experience; a network of professionals and community residents; and the ability to improve access to and efficiency of future behavioral health coordination through an organized response. Conclusions The GCRC can not only improve readiness and response, but work toward a shared vision of improved overall mental and behavioral health and thus resilience, with beneficial implications for the Gulf South and other communities as well. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:657–665)
Feminism and the Humanists: The Case of Sir Thomas Elyot's Defence of Good Women

Elyot's Defence of Good Women , published in 1540 and dedicated to Anne of Cleves, is one of many treatises on the nature and status of women which appeared during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. These works were of various kinds: some were written for a popular audience, others for scholars; some were composed for wives and husbands, others were intended for teachers or the clergy.’ Within this large body of writing, Elyot's Defence belongs to a special class that is particularly easy to identify. Like such works as Boccaccio's De clans mulieribus (1361) and Bruni's De studiis et litteris (1409), Elyot's Defence is humanist in character and apologetic in purpose. Treatises of this class argue that the cardinal virtues, celebrated in antiquity and represented in classical philosophy and history, have been (and can be) as well exemplified by women as men.
Mathematical Modeling of the Geometric Dimensions of Flexible Tanks for Oil Products

This article describes theoretical approaches to optimizing the geometric dimensions of flexible tanks for oil products with allowance for the total length of the welds on the top and bottom surfaces of the tanks. An algorithm, mathematical models, and an optimization criterion are proposed, making it possible to significantly (by up to 20%) improve the efficiency with which the structural material is laid out and cut. Formulas are given for determining the optimal height, length, and width of the flexible tanks.
The Obesity Epidemic — Understanding the Disease and the Treatment

The prevalence of severe obesity in the United States has increased dramatically, not only among adults but also among children. The increase in childhood severe obesity, defined as 120% of the age-specific 95th percentile of body-mass index (BMI), has been alarming; the prevalence has risen from 4% during 1999–2004 to 6% during 2011–2012.1,2 Although the use of healthy lifestyle approaches to treat younger children with obesity can successfully reduce BMI, the implementation of these approaches among adolescents and adults is much less effective.3 Unfortunately, approximately 90% of children with severe obesity will become obese adults with a BMI (the . . .
Synthesis and Characterization of New 1-(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)thioureas as Potential Antitubercular Agents

Synthesis, characterization, and preliminary biological assessments of compounds with antitubercular activity.
A Few Inequalities for Some Means

The author give a short and homalodial method of proof for Holder, Cauchy, Minkowski three inequalities and Tason's power average inequality (including its integral form), and make a further develption generalization to get a few new inequalities
Addressing mental health needs of infants and young children.

Work with infants and young children is an evolving subspecialty of child psychiatry. Mental health services for very young children require a multidisciplinary approach and the field has evolved simultaneously in the disciplines of child psychiatry, pediatrics, psychology, social work, neurology, early childhood education, and nursing. Special areas of expertise and clinical skills are required for work in this area and even traditional areas of clinical skills-evaluating mental and developmental competency, collaborating with other professionals, and synthesizing information for parents-have an added valence when applied to work with very young children. Understanding early brain development and the complex interactions among biology, environment, and experience that shape early development has highlighted the critical nature of psychological interventions in the first years of life and added to the knowledge required for child psychiatrists. The agenda for the next decade is to bring the multiple viewpoints together around critical areas for development of the field, including improved diagnostic nosology, a better understanding of the number of young children needing services, pathways for accessing those services, and more explicit descriptions of the important features of mental health intervention for very young children and their families.
Cystometric Response to Propantheline in Detrusor Hyperreflexia: Therapeutic Implications

AbstractWe studied 42 patients with urinary incontinence who demonstrated uninhibited detrusor contractions during cystometry. Each patient underwent urodynamic evaluation before and after the parenteral administration of propantheline bromide. Of these 42 patients 33 (79 per cent) had a positive response to propantheline: total abolition of uninhibited bladder contractions or 200 per cent increase in bladder capacity. Of these 33 patients 26 were treated with the oral drug and all but 1 had complete clinical response. Urinary retention occurred in half of the patients. These patients were managed with intermittent self-catheterization in addition to oral propantheline. None of the patients who failed to respond to the parenteral medication had a favorable response to the orally administered drug.
Multiphysics modelling and simulation in Berkeley MAPP

We introduce the newly-developed modules for multiphysics modelling and simulation in Berkeley Model and Algorithm Prototyping Platform (MAPP). Using them, developers can write compact models for not only electronic devices, but also those from optoelectronics, spintronics, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), etc. They can also connect these device models into systems using multiphysics netlists and run various simulation algorithms on them. In this paper, we explain the key concepts and techniques behind these modules, and illustrate the usage of them through examples. Our plan is to make them available in open-source form as part of MAPP under the GNU Public License.
Liquid-impregnated porous polypropylene surfaces for liquid repellency

Abstract Polypropylene is a popular plastic material used in consumer packaging. It would be desirable if such plastic containers were liquid repellent and not so easily fouled by their contents. Superomniphobic surfaces typically work by keeping the fouling liquid in a metastable state, with trapped pockets of air between the substrate and the liquid. An alternative method with greater long-term stability utilizes liquid-impregnated surfaces, where the liquid being repelled slides over an immiscible liquid immobilized on a porous surface. Here, we report a method for creating porous polypropylene surfaces amenable to liquid-impregnation. A solvent–nonsolvent polypropylene solution was deposited at high temperature to achieve the necessary porosity. Such surfaces were further functionalized with fluorosilane and dipped in the lubricating liquid to result in a durable, liquid-repellent surface. It is believed these liquid-impregnated surfaces will be more industrially viable than previous examples due to the ease of fabrication and their durability. These surfaces were found to exhibit repellency towards water, oils, shampoo, and laundry detergent with extremely low tilt angles due to the smooth liquid–liquid contact between the lubricating liquid and the liquid being repelled.
Inosine diphosphatase (nucleoside diphosphatase) from mammalian tissues

The discovery of this enzyme was announced almost simultaneously from several laboratories1–4. Strominger, et al.1 found that a water extract of calf liver acetone powder dephosphorylated uridine triphosphate 50 times faster than adenosine triphosphate. Evidence was presented that the dephosphorylation of uridine triphosphate occurred by a series of reactions involving the enzymes adenosine triphosphate-uridine monophosphate transphorylase, nucleoside diphosphokinase, and adenosine triphosphate-adenosine monophosphate transphosphorylase, as well as a new phosphatase which hydrolyzed uridine diphosphate to uridine monophosphate and orthophosphate. Plaut 2 detected a similar phosphatase in aqueous extracts of acetone desiccated mitochondria from rat liver, and of acetone powders of washed residues from beef liver. Studies with the purified enzyme from beef liver showed that inosine dinhosnhate is hydrolyzed to 5′-inosinic acid and orthophosphate.
Heavy Metal Contamination in Soils of Urban Highways Comparison Between Runoff and Soil Concentrations at Cincinnati, Ohio

Rainfall runoff from urban roadways oftencontains elevated amounts of heavy metals in both particulate anddissolved forms (Sansalone and Buchberger, 1997). Because metalsdo not degrade naturally, high concentrations of them in runoffcan result in accumulation in the roadside soil at levels thatare toxic to organisms in surrounding environments. This studyinvestigated the accumulation of metals in roadside soils at asite for which extensive runoff data were also available.For this study, 58 soil samples, collected from I-75 nearCincinnati, Ohio, were examined using X-ray fluorescence, C-Sanalyzer, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, atomicabsorption spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. The resultsdemonstrated that heavy metal contamination in the top 15 cm ofthe soil samples is very high compared to local backgroundlevels. The maximum measured amount for Pb is 1980 ppm (at 10–15 cm depth) and for Zn is 1430 ppm (at 0–1 cm depth). Metal content in the soil falls off rapidly with depth, and metalcontent decreases as organic C decreases. The correlation toorganic C is stronger than the correlation to depth. The resultsof sequential soil extraction, however, showed lower amounts ofPb and Zn associated with organic matter than was expected basedon the correlation of metals to % organic C in the whole soil.Measurement of organic C in the residues of the sequentialextraction steps revealed that much of the carbon was not removedand hence is of a more refractory nature than is usual inuncontaminated soils. Cluster analysis of the heavy metal datashowed that Pb, Zn and Cu are closely associated to one another,but that Ni and Cr do not show an association with each other orwith either organic C or depth. ICP spectroscopy of exchanged cations showed that only 4.5%of Pb, 8.3% of Zn, 6.9% of Cu and 3.7% of Cr in the soil isexchangeable. Combined with the small amounts of metals bound tosoluble organic matter, this result shows that it is unlikelythat these contaminants can be remobilized into water. At thissite, clays are not an important agent in holding the metals inplace because of low amounts of swelling clays. Instead, insoluble organic matter is more important. Mass balancecalculations for Pb in soil showed that most of the Pb came fromexhausts of vehicles when leaded gasoline was in use, and thatabout 40% of this Pb is retained in the soil.This study shows that, highway environments being a relativelyconstant source of anthropogenic organic matter as well as heavymetals, heavy metals will continue to remain bound to organicmatter in-situ unless they are re-mobilized mechanically. Removalof these heavy metals as wind-blown dust is the most likelymechanism. Another possibility is surface run-off carrying themetals into surface drainages, bypassing the soil. This studyalso shows that for those countries still using leaded gasoline,important reductions in Pb contamination of soils can be achievedby restricting the use of Pb additives.
Efficient dissolved organic carbon production and export in the oligotrophic ocean

Biologically fixed carbon is transferred from the surface to deep ocean as sinking particles or dissolved organic carbon (DOC). DOC is estimated to account for ~20% of global export production, but the degree to which this varies regionally has not been assessed at a global scale. Here we present the first observationally based global-scale assessment of DOC production and export, obtained by combining an artificial neural network estimate of the global DOC distribution, and a data-constrained ocean circulation model. Our results demonstrate that the efficiency of DOC production and export varies more than threefold across oceanographic regions. DOC production and export display a pronounced peak in the oligotrophic subtropical oceans, where DOC accounts for roughly half of the total organic carbon export. These stratified nutrient-depleted regions are expected to expand with future warming, amplifying the role of DOC in the biological pump, and magnifying the need to improve DOC cycling in climate models.
Development, Launch, and Evaluation of an Open-Access Vascular Surgery Handbook through House Officer Curriculum Crowdsourcing.

Background Free digital platforms are smartphone-compatible and permit self-directed curriculum development based on learners' interests and educational needs. We developed a free mobile vascular surgery handbook initiated, authored, and edited by surgical house officers and surveyed on the content and users. Methods Using a free digital platform, house officers developed a vascular surgery handbook. Initiated by a single user for conference preparation and clinical care, the use expanded through sharing among residents. The handbook was then deployed at a second medical center, with free access granted to users after completing a survey. Handbook and content use were evaluated based on user ratings ≥4 on a Likert scale from 1 to 5, where 1 = “strongly disagree” and 5 = “completely agree.” Domains assessed included handbook ease of use, content, and relevance to a variety of learning environments and goals (e.g., preparation for the operating room, rounds, clinic, teaching conferences, and examinations). Analytic methods included qualitative analysis, graphical evaluation, and categorical tests. Results The handbook is organized into sections, with each consisting of multiple pages and/or posts related to the section topic. Sections with the most content included lower extremity arterial disease, endovascular aneurysm repair/thoracic endovascular aortic repair, venous disease, anticoagulation, and anatomy/exposures. Fifty-four users participated in the evaluation phase, including different types of surgical residents (35%), medical students (30%), and anesthesia residents (22%). Sixty-nine percent of participants were in their position for Conclusions References customized to user needs can be developed through crowdsourcing and published with free digital resources. These approaches allow mobile access to useful information during conferences and clinical care. House officers' self-perceived educational needs can be targeted for tailored educational initiatives.
Improving Chucking Accuracy and Repeatability by Reducing Kinematic Redundancy

In this paper, the effect of kinematic redundancy on chucking, especially, on the positioning accuracy of a cylindrical workpiece was investigated. No previous research on the effect of kinematic redundancy on the positioning accuracy and the repeatability of a workpiece in chucking has been reported, even if kinematic principle has been known for a long time. Starting from the description of the issues, a series of systematic experiments were carried out. It was demonstrated that the non-repeatability and the chucking error proportionally increase as the kinematic redundancy increases. Also, it was shown that kinematic redundancy had a significant effect on the positioning accuracy of chucked workpieces, especially the workpieces with a relatively higher length/diameter ratio. The contact area between the workpiece and the jaws was reduced to the extent which does not hurt the chucking rigidity and safety to reduce kinematic redundancy. It was shown that the concentricity of the workpieces was improved as much as 10 times by just minimizing the kinematic redundancy in the finish hard turning of the rings of a taper roller bearing.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Enhancing Security Against Software Attacks with Reprogrammable Hardware

Security researchers have relied on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to speed up processes, protect intellectual property, and perform dynamic verification of programs during run-time. The inherent parallelism provided by an FPGA makes these applications extremely efficient, while their re-programmability makes these techniques simple. Until now, FPGAs have been used in security applications solely for these characteristics. Conversely, our research shows that simply running a program on an FPGA can enhance security against software attacks. FPGAs do not rely on memory the same way that general purpose processors (GPPs) do: there is no concept of a stack on an FPGA. By partitioning a vulnerable program between a GPP and FPGA, we show that attacks that rely on the stack can be mitigated by using this partitioning method.
Response to: 'Association between use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of myocardial infarction in patients with spondyloarthritis and osteoarthritis'.

We wish to thank Zhou and colleagues for their letter.1 As outlined in the published paper,2 the myocardial infarction (MI) case definition was based on the diagnosis being recorded as a MI Read code in The Health Improvement Network (THIN), a validated means of identifying MI in pharmacoepidemiological studies.3 Because THIN is based on general practitioner’s coded records, the …
Drugs in Brief Psychotherapy

Treatment combining psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy has attained widespread use, in spite of the fact that the two treatments arise from separate theoretical bases. While clinical experience and observation have convinced many that their combined use is beneficial, this interaction has not yet been empirically demonstrated. Some of the controlled outcome studies of drugs in psychotherapy are re-examined to see what light they may cast on such issues. The focus is on drugs in current use with brief psychotherapy of the “talking” variety; specialized behavioral techniques are excluded.
Perturbation Methods for Solitons and Their Behavior as Particles

This paper is a partial summary of two plenary presentations by the author at two related conferences “Nonlinear Science and Complexity” and “New Trends in Nanotechnology and Nonlinear Dynamical Systems,” held in July 2010 in Ankara, Turkey. It outlines both well established and some recent achievements in asymptotic perturbation theory of solitary waves (solitons) and its applications to internal gravity waves in the ocean.
Wackernagel, Wilhelm (1806–1869)

Wilhelm Wackernagel (1806–1869), prevented from obtaining academic appointments in Germany due to some ‘politically incorrect’ letters he wrote in his mid-teens, accepted a position in Basel in 1833 and was appointed to a full professorship at the University of Basel in 1835. Apart from North Germanic languages he covered in his lectures and publications, he was expert in all areas of Germanic philology. Linguistic subjects stand beside literary and cultural subjects that ranged from early periods to the beginning of modern time. Both in lectures, and in his published research, he also dealt with comparative grammar involving German, Greek, and Latin. The quality of his research as well as its scope hold their own when compared with the publications of Grimm or scholars of equal reputation.
Disorders of the hair and scalp in blacks.

The hair and hair follicle in blacks have unique and characteristic configurations. This article reviews structural differences in black hair, traumatic alopecias that are commonly associated with techniques of hair grooming in blacks, and hair shaft abnormalities and disorders of the scalp that occur predominantly in blacks.
Effect of Airway Humidification Devices on Tidal Volume

Application of heat and humidification to inspired gases during mechanical ventilation has been shown to prevent such complications as hypothermia, drying of airway secretions, and destruction of airway epithelium. Warming and humidification are accomplished through the use of heated humidifiers or, more commonly, in-line heat and moisture exchangers. The preference of either device varies depending on such factors as the type of patient, amount of airway secretions, anticipated length of ventilation, or choice by respiratory therapists. The choice of either device may have varying effects on underlying respiratory mechanics in the ventilated patient. This article primarily explores the available data on the effect of airway humidification devices on tidal volume and other airway mechanics in the ventilated patient.
Crossroads of Science and Therapy

Endovascular therapy now ranges across the spectrum of arterial and venous disease. This chapter will examine the changing basic science considerations RELEVANT endovascular therapy.
Congenital Spine Malformations and Sports Implications

Congenital spinal abnormalities can have significant implications for an adolescent in sports, as the geometry and stability of their spine can be profoundly altered. This group of disorders includes spinal anomalies due to structural abnormalities of one or many vertebrae (and/or ribs) that are present from birth. The precise cause of congenital spinal abnormalities is still unclear. There are at least 36 clinical syndromes associated with congenital vertebral anomalies (Chan G and Dormans, Spine, 34(17):1766–74, 2009). Many of these syndromes can be so clinically devastating that they may preclude the possibility of athletic participation. This chapter will focus on isolated congenital vertebral malformations and more benign syndromes, such as congenital scoliosis and Klippel–Feil syndrome, which should be expected with a modest frequency in athletes.
The influence of the sandblasting as a surface mechanical attrition treatment on the electrochemical behavior of carbon steel in different pH solutions

Abstract This investigation aimed to study the influence of time of sandblasting, as a surface mechanical attrition treatment method, on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in different solutions with different pHs. Optical microscopy, micro-hardness test, as well as Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy, were used to examine the affected area underneath the surface of the sandblasted specimens. The results of the electrochemical experiments showed significant improvement in corrosion resistance of the sandblasted specimens in the high alkaline solution. In neutral and acidic solutions, specimens sandblasted for 5 min showed superior corrosion resistance compared to the as-received and other specimens, sandblasted for longer period of time.
"De chopa a muñeca": feminidad espectacular, fuerza orgásmica y economías de la vulgaridad en la televisión popular dominicana

This article follows the figure ofTV hostess and beauty queen Carolyne Aquino, to trace different forms of agency amidst what Maurizio Lazzarato calls "the indebted economy". By deploying Marcia Ochoa's concept of "spectacular femininity" and Preciado's concept of "potentia gaudendi" I analyze Aquino's performance as TV hostess, her use of cosmetic technologies and in-corporation of spectacular notions of female beauty, and her management of vulgarity -intended here as a limit imposed to the presentation of female bodies in Dominican television- to stress and test these boundaries.
Evolution of the Radio Frequency Interference Environment Faced by Earth Observing Microwave Radiometers in C and X Bands Over Europe

Significant information for understanding the Earth's environment such as sea surface temperature, rain rates, and ocean wind speeds, is retrieved using C and X band spaceborne radiometer measurements. However, radio spectrum is a limited resource, and as new communication and military technologies emerge, more and more human-made signals occupy these frequency bands allocated for passive remote sensing of Earth. This paper demonstrates the expansion of the interference problem due to such signals from 2002 to present using 6.9GHz and 10.65GHz AMSR-E and AMSR2 measurements over Europe.
Indigenous Family Engagement: Authentic Partnerships for Transformative Learning

In this chapter, we call for Indigenous family leadership and engagement in systems of education that aim to support Indigenous communities. We argue that despite everyday resistance and resurgence enacted by Indigenous families and communities, systems of education for Indigenous children and youth often remain sites of renewed traumatization and Indigenous erasure. Synthesizing and building from the work of many Indigenous scholars and allies challenging hegemonic and settler colonial agendas in education, this chapter highlights routine closures and possible openings for future research and practice. We argue that transformative and equitable family-school partnerships require both a recognition that Indigenous families are changemakers and leaders in their communities and that collaboration between Indigenous families, schools, and researchers work towards sustainable and just Indigenous futures.
Effects of solidification defects on nanoscale mechanical properties of rapid directionally solidified Al-Cu Alloy: A large scale molecular dynamics study

Abstract Directional solidification of Al-11 at % Cu is investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations utilizing second nearest neighbor modified embedded atom method (2NN-MEAM) interatomic potential. The condition for directional solidification is produced by imposing dissimilar temperatures at the model boundaries along the [1 0 0] solidification direction to create a temperature gradient. During solidification, the solid-liquid front travels through the Al-Cu liquid along the [1 0 0] direction towards the high temperature end. At the initial stages of solidification, several solidification defects such as twins, stacking faults, and grain boundaries form. As directional solidification progresses, grains elongate along the solidification direction, and at the final stages of solidification no new defects or grain boundaries form. The elongated grain boundaries form a few layers with lamellar like structures along [1 0 0]. When the solidified polycrystalline is deformed in the [0 0 1] direction, glide of partial dislocations happen around the grain boundaries, whereas during elongation along [1 0 0] some defects from in the Al-Cu matrix. Since formation of defects requires more energy, the solidified samples show a higher tensile strength and strain when deformed along the [1 0 0] solidification direction.
Comparison Of Four Anti-Avian IgY Secondary Antibodies Used In Western Blot And Dot-Blot ELISA To Detect Avian Bornavirus Antibodies In Four Different Bird Species

Purpose This study evaluated the specificity of different avian secondary antibodies used in Western blot and dot-blot ELISA to detect avian bornavirus antibodies in bird plasma. Methods Plasma samples were collected from: two Blue and gold macaws, one positive and one negative for avian bornavirus by RT-PCR; a Cockatiel and a Monk parakeet prior to and following experimental infection; and, two Mallards, one positive and one negative for avian bornavirus by RT-PCR Samples were analyzed by Western blot and dot-blot ELISA that incorporated recombinant avian bornavirus nucleoprotein as the target analyte. Four species-specific anti-IgY secondary antibodies were used in the assays: goat anti-macaw IgY, goat anti-bird IgY, goat anti-duck IgY, and rabbit anti-chicken IgY. Results In the Western blot, anti-macaw IgY secondary antibody produced strong signals with Blue and gold macaw and Cockatiel positive plasma, but no signal with Mallard positive plasma. Anti-bird IgY secondary antibody produced strong signals with Blue and gold macaw, Cockatiel, and Mallard positive plasma. Anti-duck and anti-chicken IgY secondary antibody produced a strong and moderate signal, respectively, only with Mallard positive plasma. In the dot-blot ELISA, there was a distinct and significant difference (P<0.05) in the signal intensity between the different secondary antibodies within a bird species. Anti-macaw IgY secondary antibody produced significantly (P<0.05) stronger signals than the other secondary antibodies in Blue and gold macaw, Cockatiel, and Monk parakeet positive plasma, while anti-duck IgY secondary antibody produced significantly (P<0.05) stronger signals than the other secondary antibodies in Mallard positive plasma. Conclusion In testing psittacines with immunoassays, and especially in assays that incorporate short incubation reaction times such as a dot-blot ELISA, species-specific anti-IgY secondary antibodies provided more accurate results.
A comparative study of speaker height and weight identification from voiced and whispered speech

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to compare speaker height and weight identification from voiced and whispered speech stimuli in an attempt to determine the effect of vocal pitch on such identification tasks. A total of 28 speakers, 14 females and 14 males, recorded a standard prose passage in a normal and whispered manner. Four master tapes were constructed, one for each of the voiced and whispered readings as well as for the two speaker sex groups. A total of 32 judges, 16 females and 16 males, participated in two sessions, one for the female and male voiced tapes and one for the female and male whispered tapes. The order of presentation of the tapes was randomized so that 16 subjects judged the voiced tapes in the first session and the whispered tapes in the second session, while 16 subjects heard the whispered tapes in the first session and the voiced tapes in the second session. In addition, the order of presentation of the female and male tapes in each session was randomized. The judges were asked to make direct estimations of height and weight for each speaker on the tapes. Results indicated that listeners were capable of accurately identifying the approximate heights and weights of speakers under both experimental conditions. Moreover, listener height and weight identification accuracy did not differ significantly between the voiced and whispered conditions, indicating that vocal pitch does not appear to play a major role in height and weight identification tasks. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Bracing for the Worst — Range Expansion of the Lone Star Tick in the Northeastern United States

Bracing for the Worst Increasing population densities and subsequent range expansion, in conjunction with nondiscriminating biting habits and the capacity to transmit diverse pathogens, position th...
GPU and multi-threaded CPU enabled normalized cross correlation

Image matching has been a critical research topic in many computer vision applications such as stereo vision, feature tracking, motion tracking, image registration and mosaicing, object recognition, 3D reconstruction, etc. Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) is a template based image matching approach which is invariant to linear brightness and contrast variations. As a first step in mosaicing, we use NCC to a great extent for matching images which is an expensive and time consuming operation. Thus an attempt is made to implement NCC in GPU and multi-CPU in order to improve execution time for real time applications. Finally we compare the enhancement in performance and efficiency in timing by switching NCC implementation from CPU to GPU.
Confronting the Customer–Engagement Paradox in Sales–Leader Succession: An Abstract

This study addresses a critical question concerning how a firm’s succession practices for senior salespeople impact the sustainability of selling strategies and the consistency of sales and service results. Customer account strategies frequently rely on a sales leader, commonly identified as a relationship manager or account manager, designated by the selling firm as a central contact point and internal advocate for the customer. When a sales leader leaves the firm, the departure can result in disruptions for customers and raise questions about the continuity of relationships built on trust and customer knowledge accumulated over time. Further developing this area, our study employs an inductive approach to understand how firms that rely on deep personal relationships between salespeople and customers manage the succession process.
Advancement of weather-related crash prediction model using nonparametric machine learning algorithms

This paper evaluates the machine learning-based weather-related crash prediction model in Connecticut. Crash severity prediction has always been the principal focus of safety professionals and emergency responders for appropriate policy making and resource management. Over the years, different statistical methodologies (e.g., random forest, support vector machine) have been explored in various research efforts to develop efficient crash severity prediction models. As technology is advancing and computing has started becoming more efficient, machine learning-based models for crash severity prediction are being brought into light for more accurate data-driven prediction. However, some machine learning methodologies provide increased efficiency and better performance compared to others from the same genre. To explore different machine learning methodologies for crash severity prediction, this study considered two machine learning applications—random forest (RF) and bayesian additive regression trees (BART) for performance comparison. RF model produced higher prediction probabilities for determining crash severity compare to BART. The results were evaluated using various prediction probability analyses obtained from these two machine learning models and showed the model capabilities to generate prediction consistent with the observed data. We found the performance of the RF model to be highly promising with a higher skill score (0.73) than BART (0.61). Overall, our findings demonstrate the robust performances of the RF algorithm in predicting weather-related crashes. The analysis of this study confirms that stakeholders can use weather-related RF model with confidence to obtain a better prediction of crash severity that enables them to facilitate appropriate emergency responses and support essential preemptive measures.
Genomic analyses of glycine decarboxylase neurogenic mutations yield a large scale prediction model for prenatal disease.

Abstract Glycine decarboxylase (GLDC) is a mitochondrial protein, hundreds of mutations in which cause a neurometabolic disorder Non-ketotic Hyperglycinemia (NKH), associated with elevation of plasma glycine. But why a mutation induces severe or attenuated neurological disease is poorly understood. We combined a human multiparametric mutation scale that separates severe from attenuated clinical, neurological disease, with new in silico tools to assess 238 of 255 NKH mutations in murine GLDC. We unified novel murine and human genome level-analyses across a linear scale of neurological severity, with in vivo evidence from mice engineered with a top-ranking attenuated mutation and another mutation >10 times more pathogenic and integrated the data in a model of pre- and post-natal disease outcomes, relevant for over a hundred major and minor neurogenic mutations. Our findings suggest that highly severe neurogenic mutations predict fatal, prenatal disease that can be remedied by metabolic supplementation of dams, in absence of amelioration of persistent and age-dependent elevation of plasma glycine.