cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hemming process with counteraction force to prevent creepage

Abstract Creepage, a typical phenomenon in the hemming process, can be defined as undesired roll-in of the panel at the bending line. Creepage also reduces the final panel width and makes the hemming radius larger. In this study, experimental observations are reported, and a finite element model, based on the LS-DYNA® two dimensional plane strain solid formulation, is utilized to study the mechanics of how the hem flange bends and folds during the hemming process. A novel hemming process incorporating a counteraction force is proposed in order to prevent the creepage phenomenon during the hemming process. An experimental hemming tool was designed according to this concept, and optimization of the tooling geometry was carried out utilizing the finite element model. An experimental study was conducted to confirm that the new hemming process can prevent creep be employed to help retain a sharp radius during flanging operation.
Erectile Failure in the Aged: Evaluation and Treatment

With aging, there are changes in both libido and erectile function. Although the majority of aged men remain interested in sex, less than 15% report continued sexual intercourse. The cause of this “libido-potency gap” is due primarily to erectile failure. Penile erection is dependent upon a complex interaction of the autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular system, and local neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Sexual stimulation causes augmented blood flow into the corpora cavernosa, and restricted outflow, resulting in penile rigidity. With aging, there is a decline in gonadal steroids, nerve conduction velocity, and vascular compliance, any of which could interfere with normal erections. When disease is superimposed on the normal changes of aging, erectile function is further impaired. Evaluation of an elderly male with impotence may consist of a detailed drug history and trial of alternate therapy, as in the case of adverse drug reactions. More often, evaluation entails hormonal assays, penile vascular assessment, neurologic assessment, and an evaluation of nocturnal erectile function. Based on the results of these assessments, appropriate treatment alternatives can be chosen. With the availability of multiple treatment options, patients and physicians can now choose from a range of noninvasive or invasive alternatives depending upon the etiology, associated disorders, and preference of the patient.
3-D ICEPIC simulations of the relativistic klystron oscillator

Improved concurrent electromagnetic particle-in-cell (ICEPIC), developed at the US Air Force Research Laboratory, is a three-dimensional (3-D) particle-in-cell (PIC) code specifically designed for parallel high-performance computing resources. ICEPIC simulates collisionless plasma physics phenomena on a Cartesian grid. ICEPIC has several novel features that allow efficient use of parallel architectures, including automated partitioning, dynamic load balancing, and an advanced parallel PIC algorithm. Even though ICEPIC is still in development, it has successfully simulated real-world high-power microwave (HPM) experimental devices, such as the magnetically insulated line oscillator (MILO) and the relativistic klystron oscillator (RKO), and the results from recent RKO simulations will be presented.
Phase Coexistence in Lipid Membranes Induced by Buffering Agents and Charged Lipid Headgroups

Recent literature has shown that buffers affect the interaction between lipid bilayers through a mechanism that involves van der Waals forces, electrostatics, hydration forces and membrane bending rigidity. We endeavour to show phase coexistence as an effect of charges from the aqueous boundary layer on the mixed chain 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) lipid bilayers. We will present data that suggests one phase dehydrates below the value in pure water while the other phase swells as the concentration of buffer is increased. However, since the two phases must be in osmotic equilibrium with one another, this behavior challenges theoretical models of lipid interactions and introduces new variables to consider for the Gibbs phase rule. This model of lipid charging was then applied to explain the mechanisms behind phase separation in lipid mixtures containing phosphatidylinositols.This work was supported by NIH NCI K01-CA169078-01 and Indiana University Collaborative Research Grants.
Non-sexually transmitted infectious diseases of the oral, nasal, and vaginal mucosae.

Abstract The skin and mucous membranes are the principal barriers to invasion of the body by microorganisms. Besides functioning as a mechanical barrier, the mucosae are endowed with an array of still poorly characterized specific and nonspecific host defense capabilities. These include the production of mucus, secretory immunoglobulin (IgA), lysozyme, lactoferrin, and alpha-antitrypsin, in conjunction with a low-grade exudation of leukocytes. 1 In addition, the mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory, gastrointestinal, and lower vaginal and urinary tracts support a large number of "nonpathogenic" microorganisms that comprise the so-called "normal flora." This commensal flora plays an important and complex role in protecting the host from microbial invasion. Mechanisms for this protection likely include the following: (1) competition for the same nutrients (interference); (2) competition for the same receptors on host cells (tropism); (3) production of bacteriocins, that is, bacterial products that are toxic to other organisms, usually of the same species; and (4) stimulation of crossprotective immune factors such as the "natural antibodies." 1 The "normal" flora is inconstant and may be altered by dietary factors, debilitation, hormonal events (such as menstruation, pregnancy, and possibly use of oral contraceptives), personal hygiene, medications, intercurrent infection, and probably many others. Antibiotic therapy and menstruation can have a profound effect on the composition of this group of microorganisms. 2 Disturbance of the delicate host-commensal relationship may cause a clinically significant infection due to these "nonpathogens." This may occur in response to the aforementioned factors (eg, pregnancy predisposing to vaginal candidiasis) or because of disruption of the anatomic barrier (eg, local mucosal infection at a site of trauma, or injury from cytotoxic drugs) or in association with exogenous infection (eg, rhinoviral infection leading to secondary bacterial otitis media). Invasion by "normal flora" may result in serious systemic illness. A clear example of the latter is the development of infective endocarditis caused by viridans streptococci following a dental procedure.
A note on input-output analysis and macroeconometric models

Abstract This note presents a theoretical discussion on the introduction of input-output analysis in long-term macro-econometric models. It emphasizes the importance of making the treatment of imports explicit. It is shown that earlier works on macroeconometric models are inconsistent.
Three Books that are a Goldmine for Quality-of-Life Therapists

This is a review of three books related to quality-of-life therapy and coaching. The books are: (1) The How of Happiness by Sonja Lyubomirsky, published by The Penguin Press, 2008; (2) Quality of Life Therapy by Michael Frisch, published by Wiley, 2006; and (3) Authentic Happiness by Martin Seligman, published by the Free Press, 2002.
ADAPTIVE REAL-TIME CARDIAC MRI USING PARADISE: VALIDATION BY THE PHYSIOLOGICALLY IMPROVED NCAT PHANTOM

Patient-adaptive reconstruction and acquisition dynamic imaging with sensitivity encoding (PARADISE) is a dynamic MR imaging scheme that optimally combines parallel imaging and model-based adaptive acquisition. In this work, we propose the application of PARADISE to real-time cardiac MRI. We introduce a physiologically improved version of a realistic four-dimensional cardiac-torso (NCAT) phantom, which incorporates natural beat-to-beat heart rate and motion variations. Cardiac cine imaging using PARADISE is simulated and its performance is analyzed by virtue of the improved phantom. Results verify the effectiveness of PARADISE for high resolution un-gated real-time cardiac MRI and its superiority over conventional acquisition methods.
Relationship between nuclear remodeling and development in nuclear transplant rabbit embryos.

The present study characterized the profile of nuclear remodeling in nuclear transplant rabbit embryos and investigated the relationship between chromatin behavior after transfer and embryo development. The developmental potential and pattern of remodeling of donor nuclei from cleavage-, morula-, and blastocyst- (inner cell mass ICM, and trophectoderm, TE) stage donors were evaluated. In addition, we determined whether a modification in the synchrony between blastomere fusion and oocyte activation altered the profile of nuclear remodeling and affected development of reconstituted embryos. Development to blastocysts was similar with 8- and 32-cell-stage donor nuclei (42% and 33%, respectively, p greater than 0.1). However, it was reduced with ICM transplants (17%, p less than 0.05), and development of TE transplants did not progress beyond the 8-cell stage. Upon blastomere fusion into nonactivated oocyte cytoplasm, nuclear remodeling was characterized by premature chromosome condensation (PCC), followed by pronuclear (PN) formation and swelling. PCC occurred synchronously within 1.2-1.5 h post-fusion with all stages of donor nuclei (p greater than 0.1). PN formation in 8- and 32-cell transplants occurred approximately 4 h after fusion, and was synchronous to that of female pronuclei in activated oocytes; however, it was delayed in ICM and TE transplants (p less than 0.01). With all stages of donor nuclei, final nuclear diameter was similar to, or larger than, that of female pronuclei. Fusion to activated oocyte cytoplasm, as opposed to nonactivated cytoplasm, prevented PCC and extensive nuclear swelling (16.0 +/- 0.7 vs. 30 +/- 0.7 microns, respectively, p less than 0.01). Nuclear diameter in early embryos was smaller (p less than 0.01), and development to blastocysts was reduced (p less than 0.05). The results indicate that remodeling of the donor nucleus is not essential for development to blastocysts; however, it is beneficial. Furthermore, complete reprogramming seems possible only after remodeling of the donor nucleus, i.e., PCC in nonactivated cytoplasm, followed by nuclear swelling upon activation of the oocyte.
How infants process addition and subtraction events

Three experiments are described that assess 5-month-old infants’ processing of addition and subtraction events similar to those reported by Wynn (1992a). In Experiment 1, prior to each test trial, one group of infants was shown an addition event (1 + 1) while another group was shown a subtraction event (2 − 1). On test trials, all infants were shown outcomes of 0, 1, 2 and 3. The results seemed to require one of two dual-process models. One such model assumed that the infants could add and subtract but also had a tendency to look longer when more items were on the stage. The other model assumed that infants had a preference for familiarity along with the tendency to look longer when more items were on the stage. Experiments 2 and 3 examined the assumptions made by these two models. In Experiment 2, infants were given only the test trials they had received in Experiment 1. Thus, no addition and subtraction or familiarity was involved. In Experiment 3 infants were familiarized to either one or two items prior to each test trial, but experienced no actual addition or subtraction. The results of these two experiments support the familiarity plus more items to look at model more than the addition and subtraction plus more items to look at model. Taken together, these three experiments shed doubt on Wynn’s (1992a) assertion that 5-month-old infants can add and subtract. Instead they indicate the importance of familiarity preferences and the fact that one should be cautious before assuming that young infants have sophisticated numerical abilities.
A subset of HLA-B27 molecules contains peptides much longer than nonamers.

Abstract An unusual monoclonal antibody (MARB4) directed against HLA-B27 that reacts with only approximately 5-20% of the cell surface HLA-B27 was used for large-scale purification of these molecules. Subsequent mass spectrometry of HLA-B27-bound peptides showed that the minor MARB4-reactive population contained peptides primarily from 900 to 4000 Da in size (approximately 8-33 amino acid residues), whereas the major HLA-B27 population contained peptides in the mass range of 900-1400 Da (approximately 8-12 amino acid residues). Thus, a subset of HLA-B27 molecules binds to peptides much longer than nonamers. Typical HLA-B27-binding peptides contain arginine in position 2. Further analysis by Edman sequencing of the pooled bound peptides revealed that the major population contained substantial amounts of arginine at positions 1 and 9 (40-50%) and exclusively arginine at position 2, as expected. The minor population of peptides also contained detectable amounts of arginine at these positions, but at the level of only approximately 10%; no marked enrichment at any position was observed. These long HLA-B27-bound peptides could represent either intermediates in the formation of nonamers or adventitiously bound peptides. Lastly, in the TAP2 mutant cell line BM36.1 transfected with HLA-B*2705, MARB4-reactive HLA-B27 molecules were absent from the cell surface, indicating that the peptide transporter was required for delivery of the long peptides. Thus, during the folding of class I heavy chains, peptides of diverse lengths are available and participating.
Confiding About Problems in Marriage and Long-Term Committed Relationships: A National Study

This study examined confiding patterns in a national sample of 1000 U.S. adults aged 25-70 to inform the development of an educational program for confidants, called Marital First Responders. Results showed that 73% of U.S. adults have been a confidant to someone with a problem in a marriage or long-term committed relationship. The most common confiding relationship was between friends, followed by siblings. Confidants reported a wide range of problems brought to them, ranging from everyday complaints to serious issues such as infidelity and divorce. Confiders identified the most and least helpful responses. Findings suggest that naturally occurring confiding relationships have considerable potential to be the first level of help for troubled couple relationships.
Avoiding mandatory hospital nurse staffing ratios: An economic commentary

The imposition of mandatory hospital nurse staffing ratios is among the more visible public policy initiatives affecting the nursing profession. Although the practice is intended to address problems in hospital nurse staffing and quality of patient care, this commentary argues that staffing ratios will lead to negative consequences for nurses involving the equity, efficiency, and costs of producing nursing care in hospitals. Rather than spend time and effort attempting to regulate nurse staffing, this commentary offers alternatives strategies that are directed at fixing the problems that motivate the advocates of staffing ratios.
Genetic algorithms-based identification

We study genetic algorithms (GAs)-based identification for nonlinear systems in the presence of unknown driving noise, using both feedforward multilayer neural network models and radial basis function network models. Under perfect state measurements, we first show that a standard GA-based estimation scheme, in its full potential, even though leading to a satisfactory model for state estimation, may generally not yield a sufficiently accurate system model, i.e. the parameter estimates do not secure a good approximant for the system nonlinearity. We then introduce a new approach that utilizes a robust identification scheme, which leads to a good approximation of the nonlinearity in the system. Several numerical and simulation studies included in the paper demonstrate the effective use of GAs in this framework, in searching for the parameter values that lead to the "best" finite-dimensional approximation of the nonlinearities in the system dynamics.
Linearity analysis of millimeter wave GaN power transistors through X-parameters and TCAD device simulations

A novel approach to perform two-tone and modulated signal linearity analysis with TCAD device simulators is reported. The X-parameters of the simulated device are first extracted through one-tone large-signal coupled circuit-device simulations by exploiting, in our case, a coupled Harmonic Balance - TCAD Monte Carlo particle-based device simulator. Then, large signal linearity figures of merit such as two-tone intermodulation distortion and adjacent channel leakage ratio are obtained by a commercial Circuit Envelope simulator and the one-tone X-parameter compact model. In such a way, the TCAD simulation of a prohibitive number of RF cycles, due to the slowly varying envelope of the modulated carrier, is avoided.
Colds and Respiratory Infections

Colds are as much a part of childhood as Christmas or “Sesame Street.” Between the ages of 2 and 4, a child typically experiences 10 or more colds per year. Children in daycare or those from large families are especially prone to respiratory infections.
TCAD Methodology for Design of SCR Devices for Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Applications

Realization of on-chip electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection requires extensive technical experience and know-how. A technology computer-aided design (TCAD) methodology aimed to assist in the design and implementation of robust ESD devices is developed and presented. The methodology provides a systematic and practical means for the evaluation and optimization of ESD devices in a simulation environment. Advanced silicon-controlled-rectifier devices are considered to illustrate the approach, and experimental data measured from these devices are also included in support of the TCAD development
Spiral Vortices in Finite Cylinders

In their (1986) paper on counter-rotating Taylor-Couette flow, Andereck et al (1986) report the existence of spiral vortex flow in which an upward-travelling right-handed spiral flow is replaced, at irregular intervals, by downward-travelling left-handed spiral flow (see their Fig. 4). The observations indicate that the apparatus was in fact at all times filled by left spirals near the bottom and right spirals near the top, with the boundary between the two types of spirals moving slowly up the cylinder, thereby expanding the region filled by left spirals and contracting that filled by right spirals, before moving back down the cylinder. Similar behavior was observed by R. Tagg (private communication) near the codimension-two point where the primary Hopf bifurcation is superseded by a steady state bifurcation to Taylor vortices as the outer rotation rate is decreased. Andereck et al (1986) suggest that the observed reversals may be somehow associated with the presence of ends on the cylinders. In this paper we describe the results of an analysis that lends support to this conjecture. Our approach makes use of equivariant bifurcation theory, and takes as its starting point the analysis of an idealized system in which the cylinders are considered to be infinitely long and the system translation-invariant in the axial direction as well as invariant under reflections in any orthogonal plane. The ends are introduced by bringing them, so to speak, from infinity and determining their effect on the idealized system in a perturbative fashion. This effect comes through the breaking of the translation symmetry in the axial direction. We find that, depending on the cylinder aspect ratio, a new type of solution may be present that looks qualitatively like the state reported by Andereck et al (1986). Numerous verifiable predictions about the appearance and disappearance of this alternating spiral vortex state as a function of the aspect ratio and the Reynolds number (equivalently, the rotation rate of the inner cylinder) are made.
Showing Signs of Violence: The Cultural Polltics of a Twentieth-Century Headhunting Ritual

Showing Signs of Violence: The Cultural Polltics of a Twentieth-Century Headhunting Ritual. KENNETH M. GEORGE. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996. xv + 339 pp., appendixes, notes, bibliography, index.
Revolving Rating Analysts and Ratings of MBS and ABS: Evidence from LinkedIn

Using professional profiles posted on LinkedIn, we identify 391 rating analysts who previously worked in the structured finance divisions at Moody’s, S&P, or Fitch and then joined issuers of mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and asset-backed securities (ABS) during the period of 1997-2007. Our analyses show that when an issuer employs more former rating analysts with structured finance experience at the time it issues MBS or ABS, these securities later have larger rating downgrades than otherwise similarly rated securities. Further analyses indicate that these former rating analysts may have relied on their specialized knowledge in structured finance to influence MBS and ABS initial ratings. Finally, we document that investors largely fail to see through the rating inflation associated with issuers’ hiring of former rating analysts.
Programmer information needs after memory failure

Despite its vast capacity and associative powers, the human brain does not deal well with interruptions. Particularly in situations where information density is high, such as during a programming task, recovering from an interruption requires extensive time and effort. Although modern program development environments have begun to recognize this problem, none of these tools take into account the brain's structure and limitations. In this paper, we present a conceptual framework for understanding the strengths and weaknesses of human memory, particularly with respect to it ability to deal with work interruptions. The framework explains empirical results obtained from experiments in which programmers were interrupted while working. Based on the framework, we discuss programmer information needs that development tools must satisfy and suggest several memory aids such tools could provide. We also describe our prototype implementation of these memory aids.
Nonlinear Optics of Bound Electrons in Solids

A simple, two parabolic band model is shown to give the correct bandgap scaling, dispersion, and magnitude of bound electronic optical nonlinearities in semiconductors and certain large gap dielectrics. Essential to this formalism is a generalized Kramers-Kronig transformation that unifies the optical Kerr effect (n 2) with third-order absorptive nonlinearities: two-photon absorption, Raman effect, and quadratic Stark effect. Experimental results obtained with semiconductors and dielectrics have energy band-gaps ranging from 0.7 to 11eV show remarkable agreement with this simple theory. Extensions of t his model successfully predict the nondegenerate optical Kerr effect and nonlinearities in active semiconductors.
Safety and Efficacy of Human Milk Fortification for Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants

For full-term infants in the first 6 months of life, exclusive breastfeeding remains the nutritional standard for calcium intake. However, unsupplemented human milk does not meet the nutritional requirements for growth of the very-low-birthweight (<1500 g) infant. Methods for human milk fortification have been evaluated, and recent studies have demonstrated the safety of these fortifiers.
An aspect of transference : The struggle to become an analysand

The patient's efforts to enter into a collaborative relationship with the analyst, to become an analysand, are burdened with difficulties, of which a major one is the not infrequent intrinsic structuring of certain aspects of transference--its functional, secondary autonomy, or independence of its historical roots. The effect is to confuse and misrepresent, through a struggle by the patient that dissembles the major purposes of the work. The struggle is a function that has become independent of its historical origins, and is now less an anxiety-driven defense than an automatized, concrete seeking of a vaguely plausible, rationalized satisfaction and security. It represents the patient's effort to work his or her way to closeness with the surrogate, but with distancing by means of control and domination. It lacks the symbolism and metaphor of unconscious derivatives. A mutual responsiveness by the analyst is a potentially undesirable outcome. Recognizing an interactional process, there is the necessity of clarifying a future-oriented process by a patient, who is working over the establishing of a dominant self-image of integrity and security without intimacy. Illustrative vignettes and a comparison with role responsiveness are included.
QueryScope: visualizing queries for repeatable database tuning

Reading and perceiving complex SQL queries has been a time consuming task in traditional database applications for decades. When it comes to decision support systems with automatically generated and sometimes highly nested SQL queries, human understanding or tuning of these workloads becomes even more challenging. This demonstration explores visualization methods to represent queries as graphs. We developed the QueryScope tool to help visualize and understand critical elements of a query, thereby cutting down the learning curve. We show how the tool allows the user to drill down on particular queries or to find similarly structured queries that may exhibit similar tuning opportunities. The queries shown in the demonstration are taken from real tuning engagements.
Educating for Civic Engagement, Social Activism, and Political Dissent: Adding the Study of Neoliberalism and Imperialism to the Student Affairs Curriculum

Although teaching for citizenship has long been a part of student affairs philosophical statements, the actual level of emphasis on this goal is questionable. In order to encourage active civic engagement (including social activism and political dissent) among undergraduates, student affairs professionals must first study the relevant issues, including social justice, global politics, and neoliberalism. A required course for master’s students in higher education is discussed.
Motion fields are hardly ever ambiguous

There has been much concern with ambiguity in the recovery of motion and structure from time-varying images. I show here that the class of surfaces leading to ambiguous motion fields is extremely restricted—only certain hyperboloids of one sheet (and some degenerate forms) qualify. Furthermore, the viewer must be on the surface for it to lead to a potentially ambiguous motion field. Thus the motion field over an appreciable image region almost always uniquely defines the instantaneous translational and rotational velocities, as well as the shape of the surface (up to a scale factor).
The concerted addition of HBr to aryl alkynes; orthogonal pi bond selectivity

In a weakly acidic solution, the addition of HBr to 1-phenylprop-1-yne produces predominantly the anti-Markovnikov product. In this paper, we consider five possible explanations for this behavior and conclude that the concerted addition is occurring on the acetylenic π bond orthogonal to the extended aromatic π system. The electronic effect of the distal methyl group and the steric hindrance of the coplanar phenyl ring combine to promote bromide attack at the β carbon. Attack on this π bond is insensitive to the electronic effect of meta and para substituents on the ring but is very (sterically) sensitive toward all ortho substituents.
Comparison of Coriolis and Turbine Type Flow Meters for Fuel Measurement in Gas Turbine Testing

The Machinery and Engine Technology (MET) Program of the National Research Council of Canada (NRCC) has established a program for the evaluation of sensors to measure gas turbine engine performance accurately. The precise measurement of fuel flow is an essential part of steady-state gas turbine performance assessment. Prompted by an international engine testing and information exchange program, and a mandate to improve all aspects of gas turbine performance evaluation, the MET Laboratory has critically examined two types of fuel flowmeters, Coriolis and turbine. The two flowmeter types are different in that the Coriolis flowmeter measures mass flow directly, while the turbine flowmeter measures volumetric flow, which must be converted to mass flow for conventional performance analysis. The direct measurement of mass flow, using a Coriolis flowmeter, has many advantages in field testing of gas turbines, because it reduces the risk of errors resulting from the conversion process. Turbine flowmeters, on the other hand, have been regarded as an industry standard because they are compact, rugged, reliable, and relatively inexpensive.This paper describes the project objectives, the experimental installation, and the results of the comparison of the Coriolis and turbine type flowmeters in steady-state performance testing. Discussed are variations between the two types of flowmeters due to fuel characteristics, fuel handling equipment, acoustic and vibration interference and installation effects. Also included in this paper are estimations of measurement uncertainties for both types of flowmeters.Results indicate that the agreement between Coriolis and turbine type flowmeters is good over the entire steady-state operating range of a typical gas turbine engine. In some cases the repeatability of the Coriolis flowmeter is better than the manufacturers specification. Even a significant variation in fuel density (10%), and viscosity (300%), did not appear to compromise the ability of the Coriolis flowmeter to match the performance of the turbine flowmeter.Copyright © 1993 by ASME
Mesoscale Band Formation in Three Major Northeastern United States Snowstorms

Abstract The National Centers for Environmental Prediction’s 29-km version Meso Eta Model and Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler base reflectivity data were used to diagnose intense mesoscale snowbands in three northeastern United States snowstorms. Snowfall rates within these snowbands were extreme and, in one case, were close to 15 cm (6 in.) per hour. The heaviest total snowfall with each snowstorm was largely associated with the positioning of these mesoscale snowbands. Each snowstorm exhibited strong midlevel frontogenesis in conjunction with a deep layer of negative equivalent potential vorticity (EPV). The frontogenesis and negative EPV were found in the deformation zone, north of the developing midlevel cyclone. Cross-sectional analyses (oriented perpendicular to the isotherms) indicated that the mesoscale snowbands formed in close correlation to the intense midlevel frontogenesis and deep layer of negative EPV. It was found that the EPV was significantly reduced on the warm side of the midle...
Abstract 11317: Outcomes of Atrial Arrhythmia Surgery for Atrial Tachyarrhythmias in Patients With Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot

Background: Atrial tachyarrhythmia is common in adults with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) due to surgical scarring from repairs and atrial enlargement. The maze procedure refers to surgical ablation within the right atrium to disrupt arrhythmogenic circuits and is sometimes performed concomitantly during reoperation on repaired TOF patients. Our study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of maze in TOF patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review that identified 30 TOF patients who underwent a pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) with maze and 38 TOF patients who underwent a PVR without maze from 1994 to 2011 and had at least 2 years of post-surgical follow-up at the Ahmanson/UCLA Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center. Preoperative and postoperative arrhythmia status and management were compared in maze and non-maze groups. Results: Before the procedure, the most common pre-operative arrhythmias in the maze group were a history of atrial fibrillation (AFib)(n=16), atrial flutter (AFL)(n=10), and ot...
The cosmic ray electron and positron spectra measured by AMS-02

The AMS-02 detector is operating on the International Space Station since May 2011. More than 30 billion events have been collected by the instrument in the first two years of data taking. A precision measurement of the positron fraction and of the positron flux in primary cosmic rays up to 350 GeV, of the electron flux up to 500 GeV and of the combined electron plus positron flux up to 700 GeV are presented. The separate and combined electron and positron fluxes are preliminary and represent work in progress. Systematic uncertainties must still be investigated further.
Adverse events associated with deep brain stimulation for movement disorders: analysis of 510 consecutive cases.

Background Although numerous studies have focused on the efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for movement disorders, less is known about surgical adverse events, especially over longer time intervals. Objective Here, we analyze adverse events in 510 consecutive cases from a tertiary movement disorders center at up to 10 years postoperatively. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of adverse events from craniotomies between January 2003 and March 2013. The adverse events were categorized into 2 broad categories--immediate perioperative and time-dependent postoperative events. Results Across all targets, perioperative mental status change occurred in 18 (3.5%) cases, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 4 (0.78%) cases. The most common hardware-related event was skin erosion in 13 (2.5%) cases. The most frequent stimulation-related event was speech disturbance in 16 (3.1%) cases. There were no significant differences among surgical targets with respect to the incidence of these events. Time-dependent postoperative events leading to the revision of a given DBS electrode for any reason occurred in 4.7% ± 1.0%, 9.3% ± 1.4%, and 12.4% ± 1.5% of electrodes at 1, 4, and 7 years postoperatively, respectively. Staged bilateral DBS was associated with approximately twice the risk of repeat surgery for electrode replacement vs unilateral surgery (P = .020). Conclusion These data provide low incidences for adverse events in a large series of DBS surgeries for movement disorders at up to 10 years follow-up. Accurate estimates of adverse events will better inform patients and caregivers about the potential risks and benefits of surgery and provide normative data for process improvement.
Inactivation of Testosterone Propionate by Normal Female Rats

SummaryAnestrus occurred as long as a pellet of testosterone propionate was present in the subcutaneous tissues of normal female rats. No significant changes occurred in the estrous cycles of normal adult female rats when pellets of testosterone propionate were implanted in the spleen in which the normal portal circulation was intact. When the blood from the spleen containing a pellet of testosterone propionate entered the systemic circulation without passing through the liver, estrus was inhibited.The technical assistance of Ruth Helmuth is gratefully acknowledged.
Media Use and Political Engagement in Three New Democracies Malaise versus Mobilization in the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland

Political communications literature has long been concerned with the question of whether media exposure results in symptoms of “malaise”—disaffection and withdrawal from politics—or, alternatively, whether it can mobilize people for political activity. Thus far, the results of research into this question have been inconclusive and at times contradictory in nature. However, nearly all such studies have been conducted in the context of the United States or other advanced democracies, and in these countries media use competes with a variety of other—perhaps much stronger—factors influencing political engagement, such as well-developed partisanship, strong group loyalties, lifelong personal experiences with the political system, and so forth. We chose to investigate the “malaise versus mobilization” question in the context of three new democracies—the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland—where the above-mentioned factors have not yet had a chance to mature, and where media use could potentially have an especia...
Nationalism in the United States and Canadian primetime broadcast coverage of the 2014 Winter Olympics

The CBC’s and NBC’s primetime broadcasts of the 2014 Winter Olympics were analyzed to determine differences between the media treatment of home nation and foreign athletes. The CBC results showed that Canadian athletes represented 48.5% of total athlete mentions and constituted all of the top 20 most-mentioned athletes. NBC results showed that American athletes represented 43.9% of their total mentions and 65% of the top 20 most-mentioned athletes. The CBC was more likely to attribute Canadian athletic successes to commitment and intelligence, and non-Canadian successes to strength. The CBC was more likely to discuss the emotions and background of non-Canadians and make neutral/other comments about Canadians. NBC was more likely to attribute American failures to experience. Comparisons between the networks revealed 30 significant differences in the manner of depicting home athletes compared to athletes from other nations.
Morphologische Untersuchungen von Coagulationseffekten mit 8 mm-Mikrowellen am Kaninchenauge

Mit Hilfe eines bogenformig der Bulbuskrummung angepasten Schlitzstrahlers wurden mit 8 mm-Mikrowellen transsklerale Coagulationen bei Austrittsleistungen von 0,1, 0,5, 1,0 und 2,5 W und 30 sec und 60 sec langer Einwirkungszeit am Kaninchenauge durchgefuhrt. Die dabei beobachteten ophthalmoskopischen und histologischen Veranderungen sind durch die thermische Wirkung zu erklaren. Die Temperaturerhohung bei Mikrowellenbestrahlung wurde am Wasserphantom gemessen. Bei geeigneter Dosierung lassen sich feste chorioretinale Narben erzielen, so das die Anwendung von Mikrowellen zur Ablatiochirurgie moglich erscheint.
Update on the molecular genetics of Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Three separate lines of evidence led to the assignment of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene to the 21.2 band on the short arm of the X chromosome. A portion of the putative gene, thought to extend over 1-2 million base pairs has been recently cloned. DNA probes from the Xp21.2 region detect large deletions in 5-20% DMD boys and are presumed to lead to the DMD phenotype in those individuals. Deletions have also been noted in the DNA of patients with Becker muscular dystrophy. These exciting developments have a direct bearing on carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. Prenatal diagnosis in deletion families approaches greater than 99% accuracy and can be utilized to save 50% of normal male fetuses carried by carrier mothers who would otherwise choose to abort all male fetuses.
WE-FG-202-08: Assessment of Treatment Response Via Longitudinal Diffusion MRI On A MRI-Guided System: Initial Experience of Quantitative Analysis

Purpose: To report our initial experience of systematic monitoring treatment response using longitudinal diffusion MR images on a Co-60 MRI-guided radiotherapy system. Methods: Four patients, including 2 head-and-necks, 1 sarcoma and 1 GBM treated on a 0.35 Tesla MRI-guided treatment system, were analyzed. For each patient, 3D TrueFISP MRIs were acquired during CT simulation and before each treatment for treatment planning and patient setup purposes respectively. Additionally, 2D diffusion-weighted MR images (DWI) were acquired weekly throughout the treatment course. The gross target volume (GTV) and brainstem (as a reference structure) were delineated on weekly 3D TrueFISP MRIs to monitor anatomy changes, the contours were then transferred onto the corresponding DWI images after fusing with the weekly TrueFISP images. The patient-specific temporal and spatial variations during the entire treatment course, such as anatomic changes, target apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) distribution were evaluated in a longitudinal pattern. Results: Routine MRI revealed progressive soft-tissue GTV volume changes (up to 53%) for the H&N cases during the treatment course of 5–7 weeks. Within the GTV, the mean ADC values varied from −44% (ADC decrease) to +26% (ADC increase) in a week. The gradual increase of ADC value was inversely associated with target volume variation for one H&N case. The maximal changes of mean ADC values within the brainstem were 5.3% for the H&N cases. For the large size sarcoma and GBM tumors, spatial heterogeneity and temporal variations were observed through longitudinal ADC analysis. Conclusion: In addition to the superior soft-tissue visualization, the 0.35T MR system on ViewRay showed the potential to quantitatively measure the ADC values for both tumor and normal tissues. For normal tissue that is minimally affected by radiation, its ADC values are reproducible. Tumor ADC values show temporal and spatial fluctuation that can be exploited for personalized adaptive therapy.
International Migration: Trafficking in Persons

In recent years, trafficking of people for sexual exploitation and forced labor has become one of the fastest growing areas of international criminal activity and one that is of increasing concern to the international community. Great growth has also been seen in the smuggling of people across borders in defiance of immigration and criminal laws enacted by source, transit, and receiving countries. While international law treats the two issues separately, there are many interconnections between smuggling and trafficking, particularly when would-be migrants go into debt bondage in order to pay smuggling fees. Chapter 6 discusses smuggling in greater detail. The attention to human trafficking is by no means new. In the nineteenth century, the term “white slavery” was used to describe trafficking in women for prostitution. This chapter begins with historical background information and then turns to the current conceptualization of trafficking in persons and its connection to human smuggling. Both human smuggling and human trafficking, as currently defined, involve illegal movements of people, but human smuggling does not require the coercion, deception, or exploitation that is part of the definition of trafficking. In human smuggling contexts, the migrant enters voluntarily into a monetary arrangement with the smuggler to be transported across an international border. In effect, the smuggled migrant is complicit in his or her own smuggling and the commission of the criminal offense, whereas the trafficked person is the victim of a criminal operation. In some cases, however, smuggling can turn into trafficking, particularly when a migrant is forced into bondage in order to pay off the smuggling fees. If the migrant was not told what would be required to repay the fees, and has no control over his or her labor after entry, then such debt bondage may meet the trafficking definition since the migrant was deceived into entering into an exploitative situation.
French Speech Segmentation in Liaison Contexts by L1 and L2 Listeners

In this study, we consider how native status and signal degradation influence French listeners’ segmentation of an incoming speech stream containing liaison , a phonological process that misaligns word and syllable boundaries. In particular, we investigate how both first language (L1) and second language (L2) French listeners compensate for the syllable-word misalignment associated with liaison while segmenting French speech, and whether compensation-for-liaison strategies differ with decreasing signal-to-noise ratios. We consider the degree to which listeners rely on lexical knowledge, acoustic-phonetic cues, and distributional information to accomplish this compensation. Listeners completed a word identification task in which they heard adjective-noun sequences with or without liaison and were presented with the word or nonword alternatives for each noun that would result depending on whether the listener did or did not compensate for liaison. Results showed that both L1-French and L2-French listeners generally preferred lexically acceptable parses over those that resulted in a stranded nonword, and both groups gave significantly fewer lexically acceptable parses under harder listening conditions. However, the L2-French listeners demonstrated a pattern of boundary placement that indicated over-compensation for liaison, suggesting that they had successfully acquired, but not fully constrained, rules about liaison.
Rickettsiales: Laboratory Diagnosis

As undifferentiated febrile illnesses, infections caused by organisms in the genus Rickettsia, Orientia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma are often difficult to diagnose. Clinical suspicion is the key to the initiation of timely therapy and clinical workup. Serology is the mainstay of diagnostic methods, but since antibody production occurs later in illness, diagnosis is usually retrospective. Serologic confirmation requires seroconversion or a fourfold increase in titers from acute- and convalescent-phase sera. Immunohistochemistry offers a method of diagnosis during acute illness, but this technique is not readily available to most physicians. Molecular methods also offer the chance of making a diagnosis during early illness, but the sensitivity of these assays is dependent on the pathogenesis of the infecting organism and the site of DNA acquisition (e.g., blood, buffy coat, tissue).
Intimate Coercion: Recognition and Recovery

Intimate Coercion begins with a foreword and introduction discussing the clinical and research experiences of authors Marti Loring, LCSW, Ph.D., and Melissa Scardaville, Ph.D. Dr. Loring is the dir...
Hierarchical intelligent control with flexible AC transmission systems application

Abstract A novel hierarchical intelligent controller configuration is proposed using an artificial neural network as a control-mode classifier in the supervisory level and a set of pre-designed controllers in the lower level. Controller outputs are modified nonlinearly by the classifying signals in a structure resembling one artificial neuron with adaptively changed weights. The lower-level local controllers are implemented using neural networks. An illustrative example of this approach is based on the transient stabilization of a single-machine infinite-bus system studied in Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) research.
New Species of Blindsnakes (Squamata: Gerrhopilidae) from the offshore islands of Papua New Guinea

I describe four new species of blindsnake of the genus Gerrhopilus from islands off the southeastern tip of New Guinea and from New Ireland to the northeast. All have ventral keels on the rostral scale, and most have previously been assigned in their respective museum collections to the species G. depressiceps . Examination of available specimens shows G. depressiceps to be a composite of species, and I emend the diagnosis of that species based on the holotype and one additional specimen from northeastern New Guinea. The species described as new here differ from G. depressiceps and from each other in a series of features, including shape of the snout, shape of the rostral scale, numbers of mid-dorsal scale rows, reduction patterns in longitudinal scale rows, body mass, degree of eye development, and color pattern. The new species all inhabit islands remote from the known range of G. depressiceps on New Guinea and have likely been separated from that species for millions of years.