cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What we don't know, and what needs to be known, about the coopera- tively breeding Acorn Woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus

The Acorn Woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus is one of a small number of woodpecker species that are coop- erative breeders, living in family groups of up to 15 individuals of both sexes and all ages and exhibiting a complex mat- ing system involving multiple cobreeders of both sexes (polygynandry). Although much has been learned concerning the social organisation and ecology of this species, over 45 years of research at Hastings Reservation, central coastal California, USA, has left us with a large number of unanswered questions ranging from relatively minor issues such as why adults have white eyes and why juveniles have a plumage similar to adult males to more major issues such as how cavity limitation could act as a driver of their unique social behaviours and how brood reduction is adaptive. Here we briefly discuss some of these questions and speculate as to how they might be addressed by future work. Long-term studies are important as a means of addressing many demographic and behavioural questions, but are even more valu- able as a means of generating new questions that would have been overlooked without detailed knowledge of natural history and general ecology.
Beyond Homo economicus: evidence from experimental economics

Environmental policies are generally based on a model of the human actor taken from neoclassical economic theory. This paper reports on laboratory experiments suggesting weaknesses in this model and describes alternative models correcting these weaknesses. One finding is that economic actors tend to be hyperbolic as opposed to exponential discounters who discount the immediate future at a higher rate than the more distant future. Another finding is that economic actors are not self-regarding, but rather in many circumstances are strong reciprocators who come to strategic interactions with a propensity to cooperate, respond to cooperative behavior by maintaining or increasing cooperation, and respond to free-riders by retaliating against the ‘offenders’, even at a personal cost, and even when there is no reasonable expectation that future personal gains will flow from such retaliation. We discuss some implications for policy analysis. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Examining Self-Determination in a Service Learning Course

This article examines students' perceptions of the learning environment in a service learning research course and increases in student motivation and skill development. According to self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985), positive learning environments increase levels of student motivation and learning outcomes. Survey responses revealed that students perceived the learning environment as positive and that their level of motivation, including intrinsic motivation, increased over the semester. Students also self-reported significant gains in knowledge and skills. Service learning appears to be an autonomy-supportive teaching tool that can enhance classroom environment and student engagement.
HELMINTHS IN RUFFED GROUSE AT THE HOST'S SOUTHEASTERN RANGE BOUNDARY

Carcasses of 268 ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) collected in eastern Tennessee (USA) from October 1983 through February 1988 were examined between 16 January 1985 and 25 April 1988 for non-filarioid helminths. Three nematode species and one cestode species were found. The two most common parasites were the cecal worm Heterakis bonasae (81% prevalence, mean intensity ± SD of 62 ± 114) and the tapeworm Echinolepis carioca (27% prevalence, 30 ± 73 mean intensity). Age and sex of host were sufficient to predict infection by both common species. Condition of host and year and month of collection also had significant effects on prevalence. Intensity of cecal worm infection varied with age and condition of host and with region and month of collection.
Optimization of 3D Integral Imaging System Parameters

Integral imaging is a promising technology for 3D imaging and display. A number of parameters affect the performance of 3D integral imaging systems. Improved system performance is obtained by optimization of these parameters with respect to defined performance metrics. In this paper, we present an approach to optimize the performance of 3D integral imaging system in terms of performance metrics under fixed resource constraints. In this analysis, system parameters such as lens numerical aperture, pitch between image sensors, the number of image sensors, the pixel size, and the number of pixels are selected to optimize performance metrics. Wave optics is utilized to describe the imaging process.
Automated jet polishing of transmission electron microscope specimens for in situ straining

A jet-polishing technique has been developed for use in the preparation of microtensile specimens for HVEM examination. The technique requires the use of a pair of Teflon sheet inserts with rectangular openings in a conventional specimen holder. When inserts with optimum opening dimensions are used, specimens having elliptical holes close to the center of the gauge section are produced with large electron-transparent areas at both ends of the long axis. Annealed metal specimens, such as brass or aluminum, prepared by this method are stronger, and can be handled more easily, than those prepared by conventional methods. An advantage of the technique is that reproducible electropolishing conditions and the automatic detection of perforation by a photocell can be used in the normal way.
Dimensions of resiliency: essential resiliency, exceptional recovery and scale

Not only is resiliency a term with a myriad of definitions microscopically specified by a wide variety of social and bio/physical scientists and practitioners, it is also incredibly complicated even when treated by individual academic/government/non-profit and business practitioners who are convinced that they have the perfect definition. By then linking the concepts of infrastructure and community to resiliency, not only does additional complexity emerge but also a powerful imperative to examine the basics necessary to achieve resiliency within these interrelated concepts. The lens of the applied academic observer situated at 'ground zero' for not only one but two major catastrophes within a micro minute span of less than five years (Hurricane Katrina and its 2005-2007 relatives and the British Petroleum oil well blow out of 2010, layered on pervasive localised sea level rise due to delta subsidence) is the 'data' analysed to support the arguments of this paper about what must be considered with regard to infrastructure and community to even hope to achieve a resilience state: essential resilience, exceptional recovery and serious appreciation for the need for a greater recovery scale.
Visualizing cross sections: Training spatial thinking using interactive animations and virtual objects

Abstract In two experiments, we investigated the efficacy of a brief intervention that used interactive animation to train students to infer the two-dimensional cross section of a virtual three-dimensional geometric figure. Undergraduates with poor spatial ability were assigned to receive the intervention or to a control group. Compared to the control group, trained participants improved significantly on stimuli viewed during the intervention and demonstrated transfer to untrained stimuli. Results were considered with respect to two accounts of performance gains and transfer after spatial visualization training, an instance-based account and a process-based account. The instance-based account attributes performance gains to a larger store of memories and predicts no transfer to new stimuli or new spatial processes. The process-based account attributes performance gains to increased efficiency of mental processes and predicts transfer to new stimuli and tasks that share the same mental processes. The results of these experiments cannot be accounted for by an instance-based account alone. Performance gains and transfer in these experiments suggest that interactive animation and virtual solids are promising tools for training spatial thinking in undergraduates.
Hierarchical Instruction Register Organization

This paper analyzes a range of architectures for efficient delivery of VLIW instructions for embedded media kernels. The analysis takes an efficient filter cache as a baseline and examines the benefits from 1) removing the tag overhead, 2) distributing the storage, 3) adding indirection, 4) adding efficient NOP generation, and 5) sharing instruction memory. The result is a hierarchical instruction register organization that provides a 56% energy and 40% area savings over an already efficient filter cache.
Measure and integration

In this chapter we outline the setting for the theory of measure and integration that will be used in this book. The approach that we develop is essentially based on the notion of upper integral. It has the advantage that it provides a unified treatment for Bourbaki’s integrals (both the usual and the “essential” integral) and for the integral in abstract measure spaces. This chapter is self-contained. We give complete definitions and complete statements of the most important results in the theory. The proofs however are omitted in most cases.
Numerical investigation of the effects of continuum breakdown on hypersonic vehicle surface properties

A hypersonic vehicle crosses many regimes from rarefied to continuum due to the change in density with altitude during the course of its trajectory through a planet’s atmosphere. This variation makes it difficult to simulate the flow since the physical accuracy of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can break down in rarefied flows and the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is computationally expensive in continuum flows. This study investigates the effects of continuum break down on the surface aerothermodynamic properties (pressure, shear, heat transfer rate) of a sphere in Mach 10, 25, and 45 flow of nitrogen gas in regimes varying from continuum flow to rarefied gas flow. A rotational energy relaxation model is employed in the CFD code and is tested to confirm its accuracy. As the global Knudsen number is increased, from continuum flow to a rarefied gas, the amount of continuum breakdown seen in the flow and on the surface is increased. This increase in continuum breakdown affects the surface properties, such that an increase in the differences between CFD and DSMC is observed. As the Mach number is increased, the amount of continuum breakdown observed in the flow is increased, but the gradient length local Knudsen number stays approximately constant. Even though the amount of continuum breakdown has increased, the difference between CFD and DSMC remains relatively constant. The last part of this study compares the results of the sphere with that of the analogous cylinder case. At the same global Knudsen number, the differences in the surface properties between CFD and DSMC increase when the simulation is run axisymmetrically.
Habitat Characteristics of Larval Mosquitoes in Zoos of South Carolina, USA

Abstract To investigate whether the unique assemblage of habitats in zoos could affect mosquito oviposition behavior and to provide zoos with suggestions for mosquito control, larvae were sampled and associated habitat variables were measured in 2 zoos in South Carolina, USA. Fifty-nine sites were sampled from March 2008 to January 2009. A total of 1,630 larvae representing 16 species was collected and identified. The dominant species was Aedes albopictus (46.0%), followed by Ae. triseriatus (23.6%), Culex restuans (12.4%), and Cx. pipiens complex (9.7%). Principal components and multiple logistic regression analyses showed that across both zoos the distribution of Ae. albopictus larvae was predicted by ambient and site temperature, precipitation, dissolved oxygen, and container habitats. The distribution of Ae. triseriatus larvae was predicted by natural containers and shade height ≤2 m. Overall larval mosquito presence (regardless of species) was predicted by ambient and site temperature, precipitation,...
A Glimpse into the Dark: Price Formation, Transaction Cost and Market Share of the Crossing Network

This paper extends the Kyle (1985) framework to allow both endogenous price and endogenous execution probability. I use the model to examine the market outcome when the informed trader can split trades between an exchange and a crossing network (dark pool). The crossing network reduces price discovery and volatility. The impact is stronger for stocks with higher fundamental value uncertainty. An increase in the fundamental value uncertainty is found to increase the price impact in the exchange and non-execution probability in the crossing network, but creates a comparative advantage for the crossing network, as well as increasing its market share.
Entity Role Discovery in Hierarchical Topical Communities

People and social communities are often characterized by the topics and themes they are working on, or communicating about. Discovering the roles played by dierent entities in these communities are of great interest in many real-world contexts in social network analysis. We are also often interested in discovering such roles at dierent levels of granularity. In this paper we study a new problem of mining entity roles in hierarchical topical communities. We rst detect topical communities from the text component of a social or information network. Since we mine phrases from the network, and represent topical communities by ranked lists of mixed-length phrases, the communities have a good interpretation at multiple levels of the hierarchy. We are therefore able to discover topical roles of dierent types of entities in both large communities encompassing more general topics, and small, focused subcommunities. We demonstrate our method on a bibliographic information network dataset, which we use to discover the roles of authors and publication venues in the context of the hierarchical topical communities.
Clinical Social Work with Orthodox Jews: A Relational Approach

This chapter discusses the use of relational theory concepts in the treatment of Orthodox Jewish clients. Distinctions are made between “modern” Orthodox, “ultra” Orthodox (haredim/Hassidim), and other branches of Judaism. There are currently approximately 15 million Jews in the world, the majority of whom live in the United States. Judaism is the oldest monotheistic religion, and Jews constitute a historically persecuted minority. The relationship between Freudian psychoanalysis and Orthodox Judaism is significant as Freud and his early followers, most of whom were Jewish, rejected religion as a form of neurosis. Relational theories offer the possibility of re-inclusion of Judaism as a legitimate expression of human relatedness. This chapter explores the use of psychodynamic casework using relational theory with clients who are observant Jews. An overview of Jewish tradition and practices, many of which may be foreign to social workers, is provided. Case material discusses issues of engagement, transference/countertransference, and supervision, as well as particular issues relevant to Jews and gender.
Towards a monolithic, substrate-reusable and an all-epitaxial design for III–V-on-Si solar cells

Integration of III–V multijunction solar cells on Si substrate can address the future levelized cost of energy by unifying the high-efficiency merits of III–V materials with the low-cost and abundance of Si. A Si-compatible monolithically integrated 3J InGaP/GaAs/Ge-Si cell design with a hybrid Ge-Si bottom cell is investigated. Utilizing a combination of comprehensive modeling and experimental material characterization techniques, we present our results for ultrathin epitaxial Ge directly grown on Si substrate using molecular beam epitaxy. Virtual “Ge-on-Si” substrates could provide a large-area, low-cost alternative to expensive GaAs wafers, a promising step towards realizing monolithic, high-efficiency and low-cost III–V-on-Si photovoltaics.
Achieving a Sustainable Farm Bill

This textbook chapter comes in Part IV off the groundbreaking Food, Agriculture, and Environmental Law, in which leading environmental legal scholars Mary Jane Angelo, Jason Czarnezki, and Bill Eubanks, along with five distinguished contributing authors, undertake an exploration of the challenging political and societal issues facing agricultural policy and modern food systems through the lens of environmental protection laws. It is the first book to examine both the impact of agricultural policy on the environment and the influence of environmental law on food and agriculture. This chapter highlights an example of broadscale agriculture policy reform by phasing out commodity subsidies and moving towards a more equitable economic incentive structure based on sustainable yield-focused conservation benefits. The chapter then takes aim at six targeted reforms that are within our grasp during the current Farm Bill cycle should Congress and the public prioritize efforts to bolster a healthy, environmentally sustainable, and resilient food and farm system.The copyright is held by the Environmental Law Institute/Thomson Reuters and can be purchased at their website.
Mechanism of Inactivation of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Aminotransferase by (1S,3S)-3-Amino-4-difluoromethylene-1-cyclopentanoic Acid (CPP-115)

γ-Aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that degrades GABA, the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammalian cells. When the concentration of GABA falls below a threshold level, convulsions can occur. Inhibition of GABA-AT raises GABA levels in the brain, which can terminate seizures as well as have potential therapeutic applications in treating other neurological disorders, including drug addiction. Among the analogues that we previously developed, (1S,3S)-3-amino-4-difluoromethylene-1-cyclopentanoic acid (CPP-115) showed 187 times greater potency than that of vigabatrin, a known inactivator of GABA-AT and approved drug (Sabril) for the treatment of infantile spasms and refractory adult epilepsy. Recently, CPP-115 was shown to have no adverse effects in a Phase I clinical trial. Here we report a novel inactivation mechanism for CPP-115, a mechanism-based inactivator that undergoes GABA-AT-catalyzed hydrolysis of the difluoromethylene group to a carboxylic acid with concomitant loss of two fluoride ions and coenzyme conversion to pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP). The partition ratio for CPP-115 with GABA-AT is about 2000, releasing cyclopentanone-2,4-dicarboxylate (22) and two other precursors of this compound (20 and 21). Time-dependent inactivation occurs by a conformational change induced by the formation of the aldimine of 4-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid and PMP (20), which disrupts an electrostatic interaction between Glu270 and Arg445 to form an electrostatic interaction between Arg445 and the newly formed carboxylate produced by hydrolysis of the difluoromethylene group in CPP-115, resulting in a noncovalent, tightly bound complex. This represents a novel mechanism for inactivation of GABA-AT and a new approach for the design of mechanism-based inactivators in general.
Case Studies for Book-Tax Differences in the Classroom

Financial accounting and tax professionals today face a bewildering maze of computational, disclosure, and reporting requirements related to income tax accrual. GAAP financial statements must comply with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 740, Income Taxes (formerly FAS 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, and FIN 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes), which requires accruals for the tax benefit (liability) of temporary book-tax differences and footnote disclosure of uncertain tax positions. In addition, the effective tax rate footnote must disclose the tax benefit (liability) of permanent book-tax differences. The IRS recently released Schedule UTP, Uncertain Tax Position Statement, which will also require corporate Schedule M-3 filers to provide a detailed analysis of current and prior tax year uncertain tax positions. These disclosure and reporting requirements raise questions as to how to most effectively cover book-tax differences in financial accounting and tax courses and how to prepare accounting graduates for this type of work in the profession.
A Hindcast of Barotropic Response over the Oregon-Washington Continental Shelf during the Summer of 1972

Abstract Hindeasts of bottom currents on the southern Washington continental shelf are made on the basis of a long-wave approximation to the vorticity equation for a barotropic flow. Resistance of the shelf bottom to the flow is incorporated with the specification of a bottom stress that is proportional to the bottom geostrophic velocity. Observed longshore bottom currents on the Oregon continental shelf off Newport and winds at a Newport jetty from 21 July to 26 August 1972 enter as forcing functions. Comparison of the hindcast results with the observation of two current meter mooring sites off the southern Washington coast shows that more than half of the observed along-isobath variance in bottom velocity components parallel to local depth contours becomes accountable when a bottom resistance coefficient on the order of 0. 10 g cm−2 s−1 is used. The accountability of similar variance in cross-isobath components is nearly as high but suffers from relatively large absolute errors in the computed flow fiel...
Performance and Durability Assessment of Two Emission Control Technologies Installed on a Legacy High-Speed Marine Diesel Engine

Abstract : The Navy pilot program investigated cost-effective technologies to reduce emissions from legacy marine engines. High-speed, high-population engine models in both commercial and Navy fleets were targeted. Emission reductions were sought that would minimize fuel penalty as well as installation and operating costs. Navy operating conditions and fuels limited options. Five highly rated technologies were laboratory tested on a Detroit Diesel Corporation 12V-71N engine using two military and three alternative fuels. Two control technologies were then shipboard tested (baseline, 1-year early degradation, and 9-year late-life). Conclusions and recommendations are provided to inform application of these and similar emission control technologies within both commercial and Navy fleets.
Device Applications of Low-Temperature-Grown GaAs

Low-temperature-grown (LTG) GaAs is a unique material that has been used in a variety of device applications to achieve record performance. LTG GaAs used as a buffer layer eliminates sidegating and backgating and in GaAs integrated circuits. Record output power density (1.57 W/mm) and superior microwave-switch performance were demonstrated when LTG GaAs was used at a gate insulator in a metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor. High-speed (0.5 ps) and high-voltage (1 kV) LTG GaAs photoconductive switches have also been demonstrated. Using the same material, researchers have demonstrated highresponsivity (0.1 A/W), wide-bandwidth (∼ 375 GHz) LTG GaAs photodetectors. Devices incorporating LTG GaAs are currently being optimized for systems applications. LTG GaAs technology can enhance system performance and enable new systems for military and commercial applications in the areas of radar, communications, instrumentation, and highspeed computing.
State-scale perspective on water use and production associated with oil and gas operations, Oklahoma, U.S.

A common goal of water and energy management is to maximize the supply of one while minimizing the use of the other, so it is important to understand the relationship between water use and energy production. A larger proportion of horizontal wells and an increasing number of hydraulically fractured well bores are being completed in the United States, and consequently increasing water demand by oil and gas operations. Management, planning, and regulatory decisions for water, oil, and gas are largely made at the state-level; therefore, it is necessary to aggregate water use and energy production data at the state-scale. The purpose of this paper is to quantify annual volumes of water used for completion of oil and gas wells, coproduced during oil and gas production, injected via underground injection program wells, and used in water flooding operations. Data from well completion reports, and tax commission records were synthesized to arrive at these estimates for Oklahoma. Hydraulic fracturing required a me...
Development of a long-range surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy ruler.

Optical-ruler-based distance measurements are essential for tracking biomolecular processes in a wide range of analytical biochemical applications. The normally used Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) ruler is not useful for investigating distance-dependent properties when distances are more than 10 nm. Driven by this limitation, we have developed a long-range surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) optical ruler using oval-shaped gold nanoparticles and Rh6G dye-modified rigid, variable-length double-strand DNAs. The bifunctional rigid dsDNA molecule serves as the SERS-active ruler. Our experimental results show that one can tune the length of the SERS ruler between 8 and ∼18 nm by choosing the size of the oval-shaped gold nanoparticles. A possible mechanism for our observed distance-dependent SERS phenomenon is discussed using the Gersten and Nitzan model. Ultimately, our long-range SERS molecular rulers can be an important step toward understanding distance-dependent biological processes.
Bibliometric analysis of medical library and information journals

Bibliometrically analyzed are the Key Words, authors,author units,and funds items of the articles published in Journal of Medical Information Science and Chinese Journal of Medical Library and Information Science from 2002 to 2006 using the VBA program with Excel as a platform.Pajek was used to show the hot spots,core authors,and core institutions in the field.
Beyond The Campus Tour: College Choice and the Campus Visit

College choice, the decision-making process for students of whether and where to attend college, is complex. The college choice process also affects a range of stakeholders: high school students, parents, public policymakers, high schools, admission professionals, and institutions of higher education. Understanding the influences of college choice for prospective students allows colleges and universities to examine best practices in admission and enrollment management. Even though the campus visit has a significant affect on a student’s decision for application and enrollment, what remains unknown is how the construct of the campus visit is perceived among students and how students’ perceptions of the visit influence their college choice decisions. Previous research demonstrates the importance of the campus visit or tour, yet this research neglects to discover what elements of a visit or tour are the most influential, and whether or not these factors are under a university’s control. This study explored the campus visit from three different qualitative perspectives: interviewing recently matriculated college freshmen, assessing campus information sessions and tours, and surveying high school seniors during the college choice process to better understand the phenomenon of college choice and the impact of the campus visit. From the findings emerged themes of the campus visit impression: aesthetics of the campus environment, community/general vibe of campus, and personal interactions. Students want a college that “looks like a college” and is a place where students are generally happy and proud of their alma mater. This research found that the factors that
Predictors of readmission to non-index hospitals after colorectal surgery

Abstract Background Although a significant proportion of patients are readmitted to non-index hospitals after surgery, risk factors for non-index hospital readmission are not well defined. Methods Using the California Office of State Health Planning and Development database from 2008 to 2012, patients readmitted to index versus non-index hospitals after colorectal surgery were directly compared. Risk factors for non-index hospital readmission were assessed through logistic regression. Results Among the 14,401 patients requiring readmission, 10,890 (75.6%) were readmitted to index hospitals, whereas 3,511 (24.4%) were readmitted to non-index hospitals. Patients readmitted to non-index hospitals were more likely to be men and have a greater Charlson comorbidity index, non-private insurance, longer initial length of stay, longer travel distance, and non-home discharge disposition. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, living ≥10 miles from the index hospital was strongly predictive of non-index hospital readmission (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.63 to 2.00). Conclusions Approximately 25% of readmissions after colorectal surgery will be to non-index hospitals. Risks factors include greater comorbidities, non-private health insurance, occurrence of an inpatient complication, longer length of stay, greater travel distance, and non-home discharge disposition.
Massive Hemorrhage from A Ruptured Enteric Varices of an Augmented Bladder

Intestinal varices are uncommon and usually occur secondary to portal hypertension. We report a case of variceal rupture in the intestinal segment of an augmentation colocystoplasty. The patient presented in shock from exsanguinating hemorrhage per urethram, and diagnosis was established at laparotomy. Although the bleeding was controlled with excision of the involved intestinal segment, the patient died of multiple organ failure. The diagnosis and treatment of this rare but fatal condition are discussed.
Effect of trimazosin on hemodynamics in chronic heart failure

The effect of the oral vasodilator trimazosin on hemodynamics in 16 patients with chronic left ventricular failure was compared with placebo in a double-blind, randomized study. Eight patients received trimazosin 100 to 300 mg, and 8 received placebo. Over the 6-hr period after medication trimazosin caused no significant change in heart rate, stroke work index, or pulmonary vascular resistance, but there were significant reductions in mean arterial pressure (p < 0.05), mean right atrial pressure (p < 0.01), mean pulmonary artery pressure (p < 0.01), mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (p < 0.01), and systemic vascular resistance (p < 0.01), and significant increases in stroke index (p < 0.05) and cardiac index (p < 0.05). None of 8 patients improved after placebo, whereas 5 of 8 patients (63%) had a good or excellent hemodynamic response after trimazosin (p = 0.006). Four of 4 patients who received 300 mg of trimazosin had a good or excellent response. Trimazosin is a long-acting orally effective vasodilator which improves ventricular function in patients with left ventricular failure.
Information science: The loop complexity of regular events

L. C. Eggan defined the ''star height'' of a regular expression in 1963. The present paper continues Eggan's investigation by showing how to reduce certain regular expressions to regular expressions representing the same set but with smaller star height, and also by showing that certain other regular expressions cannot be so reduced.
Standardized Reporting of Microscopic Renal Tumor Margins: Introduction of the Renal Tumor Capsule Invasion Scoring System

Purpose: Renal tumor enucleation allows for maximal parenchymal preservation. Identifying pseudocapsule integrity is critically important in nephron sparing surgery by enucleation. Tumor invasion into and through the capsule may have clinical implications, although it is not routinely commented on in standard pathological reporting. We describe a system to standardize the varying degrees of pseudocapsule invasion and identify predictors of invasion.Materials and Methods: We performed a multicenter retrospective review between 2002 and 2014 at Indiana University Hospital and Loyola University Medical Center. A total of 327 tumors were evaluated following removal via radical nephrectomy, standard margin partial nephrectomy or enucleation partial nephrectomy. Pathologists scored tumors using our i-Cap (invasion of pseudocapsule) scoring system. Multivariate analysis was done to determine predictors of higher score tumors.Results: Tumor characteristics were similar among surgical resection groups. Enucleated ...
CNFD: A Novel Scheme to Detect Colluded Non-technical Loss Fraud in Smart Grid

We newly discovered a potential fraud in Smart Grid, called colluded non-technical loss fraud. Different from the traditional non-technical loss frauds where there is only one independent adversary, a colluded non-technical loss fraud happens when a smart meter is tampered by one or more co-existing or collaborating adversaries. The behavior of one adversary may be covered by others and cannot be detected easily by the traditional detection methods. We propose Colluded Non-Technical Loss Fraud Detection (CNFD), a scheme to detect colluded non-technical loss frauds in Smart Gird. CNFD adopts recursive least squares to identify a tampered meter and then to differentiate adversaries based on their mathematical features. Experimental results show that CNFD can detect colluded non-technical loss frauds and can differentiate different adversaries on the same meter.
Sequential Participation in a Multi-Institutional Mock Oral Examination Is Associated With Improved American Board of Surgery Certifying Examination First-Time Pass Rate

Objective We sought to determine whether sequential participation in a multi-institutional mock oral examination affected the likelihood of passing the American Board of Surgery Certifying Examination (ABSCE) in first attempt. Design Residents from 3 academic medical centers were able to participate in a regional mock oral examination in the fall and spring of their fourth and fifth postgraduate year from 2011 to 2014. Candidate׳s highest composite score of all mock orals attempts was classified as risk for failure, intermediate, or likely to pass. Factors including United States Medical Licensing Examination steps 1, 2, and 3, number of cases logged, American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination performance, American Board of Surgery Qualifying Examination (ABSQE) performance, number of attempts, and performance in the mock orals were assessed to determine factors predictive of passing the ABSCE. Results A total of 128 mock oral examinations were administered to 88 (71%) of 124 eligible residents. The overall first-time pass rate for the ABSCE was 82%. There was no difference in pass rates between participants and nonparticipants. Of them, 16 (18%) residents were classified as at risk, 47 (53%) as intermediate, and 25 (29%) as likely to pass. ABSCE pass rate for each group was as follows: 36% for at risk, 84% for intermediate, and 96% for likely pass. The following 4 factors were associated with first-time passing of ABSCE on bivariate analysis: mock orals participation in postgraduate year 4 (p = 0.05), sequential participation in mock orals (p = 0.03), ABSQE performance (p = 0.01), and best performance on mock orals (p = 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression, the following 3 factors remained associated with ABSCE passing: ABSQE performance, odds ratio (OR) = 2.9 (95% CI: 1.3-6.1); mock orals best performance, OR = 1.7 (1.2-2.4); and participation in multiple mock oral examinations, OR = 1.4 (1.1-2.7). Conclusions Performance on a multi-institutional mock oral examination can identify residents at risk for failure of the ABSCE. Sequential participation in mock oral examinations is associated with improved ABSCE first-time pass rate.
A Survey of Join Processing in Data Streams

Given the fundamental role played by joins in querying relational databases, it is not surprising that stream join has also been the focus of much research on streams. Recall that relational (theta) join between two non-streaming relations R1 and R2, denoted R 1⋈θ R 2, returns the set of all pairs (r 1, r 1), where r 1 ∈ R 1, r 2 ∈ R 2, and the join condition θ(r 1, r 2) evaluates to true. A straightforward extension of join to streams gives the following semantics (in rough terms): At any time t, the set of output tuples generated thus far by the join between two streams S 1 and S 2 should be the same as the result of the relational (non- streaming) join between the sets of input tuples that have arrived thus far in S 1 and S 2.
Progress in fabrication of waveguide spatial light modulators via femtosecond laser micromachining

We have previously introduced a femtosecond laser micromachining-based scheme for the fabrication of anisotropic waveguides in lithium niobate for use in a guided-wave acousto-optic spatial light modulator. This spatial light modulation scheme is extensible to off-plane waveguide holography via the integration of a Bragg reflection grating. In this paper, we present femtosecond laser-based direct-write approaches for the fabrication of (1) waveguide in-coupling gratings and (2) volume Bragg reflection gratings via permanent refractive index changes within the lithium niobate substrate. In combination with metal surface-acoustic-wave transducers, these direct-write approaches allow for complete fabrication of a functional spatial light modulator via femtosecond laser direct writing.
Legislators' attitudes, knowledge, and progressive policy endorsement related to domestic and sexual violence: a pilot study

ABSTRACTLegislators (N = 76) from New Hampshire completed a survey about domestic violence (DV) and sexual violence (SV). Whereas legislators, on average, disagreed with DV and SV myths and expressed intended support for the majority of progressive DV and SV policies, the vast majority of legislators provided inaccurate local estimates of the prevalence of DV and SV. Moreover, most of the associations among myths, estimated that DV and SV prevalence, support for progressive policies, and demographic variables were not significant. Reasons for nonsupport of progressive DV and SV policies were also examined.
Rare aquatic insects, or how valuable are bugs?

Insects are an important element in the analysis of aquatic ecosystems, (1) because the limited dispersal abilities of many aquatic species means that they must make a living under existing conditions, and (2) because they are often sensitive to slight changes in water and stream quality, thus making excellent indicators of the physical and chemical conditions in a system. Examples of rare, ecologically sensitive species are presented from the Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera, and Trichoptera. Detailed studies of rare aquatic insect species should produce important information on critical habitats that will be useful in the protection of endangered and threatened species in other groups of animals and plants.
Service usage typologies in a clinical sample of trauma-exposed adolescents: A latent class analysis.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to describe typologies of service utilization among trauma-exposed, treatment-seeking adolescents and to examine associations between trauma history, trauma-related symptoms, demographics, and service utilization. METHOD Latent class analysis was used to derive a service utilization typologies based on 10 service variables using a sample of 3,081 trauma-exposed adolescents ages 12 to 16 from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Core Dataset. Services used 30 days prior to the initial assessment from 5 sectors were examined (health care, mental health, school, social services, and juvenile justice). RESULTS A 5-class model was selected based on statistical fit indices and substantive evaluation of classes: (a) High intensity/multisystem, 9.5%; (b) Justice-involved, 7.2%; (c) Low intensity/multisystem, 19.9%; (d) Social service and mental health, 19.9%; and (e) Low service usage/reference, 43.5%. The classes could be differentiated based on cumulative trauma, maltreatment history, PTSD, externalizing and internalizing symptoms, and age, gender, race/ethnicity and place of residence. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new evidence about patterns of service utilization by trauma exposed, treatment seeking adolescents. Most of these adolescents appear to be involved with at least 2 service systems prior to seeking trauma treatment. Higher cumulative exposure to multiple types of trauma was associated with greater service utilization intensity and complexity, but trauma symptomatology was not. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Multisensor Analysis of Spectral Dimensionality and Soil Diversity in the Great Central Valley of California.

Planned hyperspectral satellite missions and the decreased revisit time of multispectral imaging offer the potential for data fusion to leverage both the spectral resolution of hyperspectral sensors and the temporal resolution of multispectral constellations. Hyperspectral imagery can also be used to better understand fundamental properties of multispectral data. In this analysis, we use five flight lines from the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) archive with coincident Landsat 8 acquisitions over a spectrally diverse region of California to address the following questions: (1) How much of the spectral dimensionality of hyperspectral data is captured in multispectral data?; (2) Is the characteristic pyramidal structure of the multispectral feature space also present in the low order dimensions of the hyperspectral feature space at comparable spatial scales?; (3) How much variability in rock and soil substrate endmembers (EMs) present in hyperspectral data is captured by multispectral sensors? We find nearly identical partitions of variance, low-order feature space topologies, and EM spectra for hyperspectral and multispectral image composites. The resulting feature spaces and EMs are also very similar to those from previous global multispectral analyses, implying that the fundamental structure of the global feature space is present in our relatively small spatial subset of California. Finally, we find that the multispectral dataset well represents the substrate EM variability present in the study area – despite its inability to resolve narrow band absorptions. We observe a tentative but consistent physical relationship between the gradation of substrate reflectance in the feature space and the gradation of sand versus clay content in the soil classification system.
Elapsed-time statistics of successive breakdown in the presence of variability for dielectric breakdown in BEOL/MOL/FEOL applications

We present the general framework of elapsed-time statistics of successive breakdown (BD) events in application to multiple-spot BD in the presence of variability. We show that the elapsed-times between successive BD events due to multiple BD spots (or filaments) are statistically distributed and contribute significantly to total post-BD margins in the case of multiple-spot progressive BD. Unlike the first BD events following Weibull statistics without variability, we demonstrate that elapsed-time distributions are fundamentally non-Weibull with much broader distributions as compared to the first BD statistics. The elapsed-times between successive BD events can be longer or shorter than the first BD time, depending on the Weibull slopes of the first BD distribution. Our simulation results of elapsed-time statistics are shown in good agreement with experimental data of FEOL and BEOL dielectrics with and without variability. This methodology paves the way for the correct implementation of multiple-spot progressive BD methodology for BEOL dielectrics in the presence of variability.
Helping smokers to quit.

New report proposes a radical change for the NHS On 26 June 2018, 56 years after their landmark report calling for public health action on smoking, the Royal College of Physicians (RCP) published a new report calling for a change in how smoking cessation services are handled.1 This report details the health consequences and societal costs of smoking. It documents the evidence that patients who continue to smoke compromise the effectiveness of many medical and surgical treatment interventions. Clearly, all public health professionals have a critical interest in doing whatever is possible to reduce cigarette smoking, and this has fuelled many jurisdictions to take action to promote a smoke-free society. The UK focused on testing the hypothesis, championed by Michael Russell, that the best way to reduce lung cancer mortality quickly was to provide treatment services to as many smokers as possible.2 By 2010-11, the NHS was providing smoking cessation treatment to more than 800 000 smokers.1 On a per population basis, this volume of treatment was many …
When and How Envelope “Rate-Limitations” Affect Processing of Interaural Temporal Disparities Conveyed by High-Frequency Stimuli

The purpose of this chapter is to bring together historical and current findings that reveal the presence, influence, and operation of a type of envelope “rate-limitation.” The rate-limitation has been revealed in both monaural and binaural experiments. Specifically, there appears to be a low-pass envelope-filtering process that (1) functionally attenuates fluctuations of the envelope above about 150 Hz and (2) is not attributable to peripheral band-pass filtering. We show a variety of empirical outcomes and theoretical analyses that converge to demonstrate and to describe how this type of filtering constrains the processing of interaural temporal disparities (ITDs) conveyed by the envelopes of high-frequency stimuli in experiments concerning binaural detection. Included are recent behavioral and neurophysiological findings regarding how such filtering may vary with the center frequency of the stimulus.
Granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease.

A middle-aged woman with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) presented with progressive dyspnoea and fevers. She had a temperature of 38.9°C, oxygen saturation of 91% on room air and decreased breath sounds at the lung bases. Her lab showed pancytopaenia. Chest CT revealed diffuse ground-glass opacities, hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and right lower lobe consolidation (figure 1). She received empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics without improvement. An infectious work-up and lymph node biopsy were unremarkable. Bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy showed dense bronchial wall lymphoid infiltrates with non-caseating granulomas (figure 2). Bacterial, mycobacterial, fungal and …
www.fermigcd.net

FermiQCD is a C++ library for fast development of parallel lattice QCD applications. The expression FermiQCD Collaboration is used as a collective name to indicate both the users of the software and its contributors. One of the main differences between FermiQCD and libraries developed by other collaborations is that it follows an object oriented design as opposed to a procedural design. FermiQCD should not be identified exclusively with the implementation of the algorithms but, rather, with the strict specifications that define its Application Program Interface. One should think of FermiQCD as a language on its own (a superset of the C++ language), designed to describe Lattice QCD algorithms. The objects of the language include complex numbers (mdp-complex), matrices (mdp-matrix), lattices (mdp-lattice), fields (gauge-field, fermi-field, staggered-field), propagators (fermi-propagator) and actions. Algorithms written in terms of these objects are automatically parallel.
One Small Step in the Lecture Hall, One Big Step for Student Motivation: Short Bursts of In-Class Small Group Work:

Great teachers are continually introducing strategies to engage students, especially those who teach large-lecture classes, whose format can limit active learning and student motivation to engage i...
The synthesis of the very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (VLC-PUFA) 32:6 n-3

This article describes the synthesis of VLC-PUFA 32:6 n-3, D2-labeled 32:6 n-3, and the uptake of 32:6 n-3 into mouse retinal tissue.