cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Disease Management Needs of Southern African Americans With Diabetes

PURPOSEthis qualitative study explored the issues, concerns, and needs of low-income, southern African Americans in managing type 2 diabetes over time.METHODSTwo focus groups (N=22) were conducted with the target population to collect data. Group sessions were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Content analysis was used to analyze the data.RESULTSThe data revealed an overall theme of learning to live with diabetes, which consisted of 3 processes: (1) symptom management, (2) making healthy choices, and (3) emotional adjustment. This article focuses on the processes of symptom management and making healthy choices. Findings suggest that the sequential processes of symptom management and making healthy choices occurred over time primarily through experiential learning in this population and were influenced by social support, caring and collaborative provider-client relationships, and access to resources and culturally sensitive supportive services.CONCLUSIONSExperiential educational methods that incorporat...
The Lone Ranger as Technical Writing Program Administrator

The popularity of technical writing and communication has caused many colleges and universities to scramble to hire qualified tenure-track faculty members. So-called lone ranger candidates are ofte...
Estimation of short-term tagging mortality of adult Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Abstract We investigated short-term tagging mortality in Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ) tagged at the base of the first dorsal fin with t-bar anchor tags (Floy FD-68BC). Overall mortality of tagged and untagged cod held in submersible enclosures was low, with 11.8% of 719 tagged and 10.3% of 146 untagged cod dead or in poor condition after retention periods of 5–10 days; only two fish lost a tag. The effects of length at capture (range 45–97 cm), gear type (hand-line, otter-trawl, cod trap), and season (spring and summer/fall) on survival of tagged cod was also examined using a generalized linear model. Only season was found to be a significant ( P n =200) caught by otter-trawl at depths of 110–179 m, tagged, and held in tanks of ambient seawater (1.0–2.0 °C) on a research vessel for 5 days was 91.5%. Relative survival of tagged cod caught with otter-trawl, cod trap, or line-trawls compared to tagged cod caught with hand-lines was also examined and found to be not significantly different, at least at depths 200 m) requires further investigation.
Experimental and theoretical determination of dosimetric characteristics of IsoAid ADVANTAGE™ 125I brachytherapy source

125 I brachytherapy sources are being used for interstitial implants in tumor sites such as the prostate. Recently, the ADVANTAGE™ 125 I , Model IAI-125, source became commercially available for interstitial brachytherapy treatment. Dosimetric characteristics (dose rate constant, radial dose function, and anisotropy function) of this source were experimentally and theoretically determined, following the AAPM Task Group 43 recommendations. Derivation of the dose rate constant was based on recent NIST WAFAC calibration performed in accordance with their 1999 standard. Measurements were performed in Solid Water™ phantom using LiF thermoluminescent dosimeters. The theoretical calculations were performed in both Solid Water™ and water using the PTRAN Monte Carlo code. The results indicated that a dose rate constant of the new source in water was 0.98±0.03 cGy h −1 U −1 . The radial dose function of the new source was measured in Solid Water™ and calculated both in water and Solid Water™ at distances up to 10.0 cm. The anisotropy function, F(r,θ), of the new source was measured and calculated in Solid Water™ at distances of 2 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm, and 7 cm and also was calculated in water at distances ranging from 1 cm to 7 cm from the source. From the anisotropy function, the anisotropy factors and anisotropy constant were derived. The anisotropy constant of the ADVANTAGE™ 125 I source in water was found to be 0.97±0.03. The dosimetric characteristics of this new source compared favorably with those from the Amersham Health Model 6711 source. Complete dosimetric parameters of the new source are presented in this paper.
Endocrine and gonadal changes during the annual reproductive cycle of the freshwater teleost,Stizostedion vitreum.

The annual reproductive cycle of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) was characterized by documenting changes in gonadal development and serum levels of estradiol-17β (E2), testosterone (T), 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20-P), and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) in wild fish captured from upper midwestern lakes and rivers throughout the year. Fish from the populations used in this study spawn annually in early- to mid-April. Walleye showed group synchronous ovarian development with exogenous vitellogenesis beginning in autumn. Oocyte diameters increased rapidly from ∼ 200 μm in October to ∼ 1,000 μm in November, and reached a maximum of 1,500 μm just prior to spawning. Changes in gonadosomatic indices (GSIs) paralleled changes in oocyte diameters. Serum E2 levels in females increased rapidly from low values in October ( 95% of germ cells) with spermatozoa. Mature spermatozoa could be expressed from males from January through April. GSIs ranged from 0.2% (post-spawn) to 3.2% (pre-spawn). Serum T levels rose from undetectable levels in post-spawn males to 1.6 ng ml−1 by November, remained elevated throughout the winter, and peaked at 2.8 ng ml−1 I prior to spawning. Levels of 11-KT in males remained low (< 10 ng ml−1, from post-spawning through January, then increased significantly by March and peaked just prior to spawning at 39.7 ng ml−1. Our results indicate that vitellogenesis and spermatogenesis are complete or nearly so, in walleye by early winter, and suggest that it may be possible to induce spawning in this species several months prior to the normal spawning season by subjecting fish to relatively simple environmental and hormonal treatments.
Pitfalls in donor lung procurements: how should the procedure be taught to transplant trainees?

Objective The current trend in lung transplantation has led to liberalized lung donor selection criteria and use of marginal donors, with a corresponding requirement for improved procurement techniques to obtain high-quality donor grafts. Few reports, however, have provided recommendations for successful lung procurement procedures. Methods We retrospectively studied 47 lung procurements performed by the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center team from January 2007 to December 2007. From those findings, we compared outcomes, as well as technical errors encountered, between procurements performed by trainees with limited transplant experience and by experienced transplant surgeons. Results Twenty-two of the procurements (47%) were performed by experienced transplant surgeons and 25 (53%) by supervised trainees. Patient characteristics and technical difficulties were comparable between the two groups. The trainees took more time to complete the procedure than did the experienced surgeons, although the difference was not significant. Furthermore, 21 of the cases performed by trainees (84%) had one or more technical errors in the sequential steps of the procurement, including inadequate placement of the perfusion cannula in the main pulmonary artery (60%), insufficient topical cooling (56%), and inadequate timing of the start of pulmonary artery perfusion (44%). Conclusion Donor lung procurements performed by beginners with limited transplant experience included frequent technical errors with regard to adequate graft preservation, which may lead to serious complications after transplant. Sequential steps in lung procurement techniques and better understanding of organ preservation should be an integral part of a lung transplant training program.
Three-dimensional free electron laser dispersion relation including betatron oscillations

Abstract We have developed a 3-D FEL theory based upon the Maxwell-Vlasov equations including the effects of the energy spread and emittance of the electron beam, and of betatron oscillations. The radiation field is expressed in terms of Green's function of the inhomogeneous wave equation and the distribution function of the electron beam. The distribution function is expanded in terms of a set of orthogonal functions determined by the unperturbed particle distribution. The coupled Maxwell-Vlasov equations are then reduced to a matrix equation, from which a dispersion relation for the eigenvalues is derived. In the limit of small betatron oscillation frequency, the present dispersion relation reduces to the well-known cubic equation of the one-dimensional theory in the limit of large beam size, and it gives the correct gain in the limit of small beam size. Comparisons of our numerical results with other approaches show good agreement. We present a handy empirical formula for the FEL gain of a 3-D Gaussian beam, as a function of the scaled parameters, that can be used for a quick estimate of the gain.
The hypoxanthine transporter of Novikoff rat hepatoma cells exhibits directional symmetry and equal mobility when empty or substrate-loaded

Abstract The kinetics of hypoxanthine transport were measured in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient Novikoff cells by rapid kinetic techniques applying both zero- trans and equilibrium exchange protocols. The data indicate operation of a simple carrier with directional symmetry and equal mobility when substrate loaded and empty. Zero- trans influx and efflux were about equivalent and so were zero- trans influx and equilibrium exchange flux. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant and maximum velocity were about 500 μM and 100 pmol/s per μl cell H 2 O, respectively. The time courses of accumulation of radioactively labeled hypoxanthine at a concentration above the Michaelis-Menten constant differed noticeably in zero- trans and equilibrium exchange mode, but computer simulations showed that the difference is predicted by the symmetrical carrier model and does not reflect trans -stimulation.
Band-gap shifts in heavily doped n -type GaAs

We present theoretical results for the band-gap shifts in heavily doped n-type GaAs. We find that the bands are far from being shifted rigidly. The states at the band edges are shifted more than the states with Fermi momentum. Consequently, the band-gap narrowing deduced from absorption experiments is strongly underestimated. Our results are compared to those from experiments on photoluminescence, cathodoluminescence, and diode-injection luminescence and from absorption measurements. Agreement is found with all the experimental results and we give a new explanation for the position of the luminescence peak in the diode-injection experiments and its shift with varying forward bias voltage.
TU‐C‐214‐03: Markerless Tumor Tracking via Clustering on Low‐Rank Fluoroscopic Images for Image‐Guided Lung Cancer Radiotherapy

Purpose: Fluoroscopic tumor tracking without implanted fiducial markers in image‐guidedlungcancerradiotherapy is an important yet challenging research topic nowadays. In this study, a novel strategy using clustering on low‐rank fluoroscopic images is proposed for lungtumor tracking. Methods: Precisely localizing lungtumor position in fluoroscopic images is difficult because of either the obscure boundary between the tumor region and its surrounded non‐tumor tissues or concurrent movement of both tumor and non‐tumor tissues. A fluoroscopic image is first decomposed into low‐rank and sparse components based on a Robust‐PCA model via a split Bregman method in this study. The purpose is to obtain low‐rank fluoroscopic images with less movement of non‐tumor tissues. Later, a k‐means clustering algorithm is applied on low‐rank fluoroscopic images to differentiate tumor from non‐tumor tissues. A morphological process and a connected components analysis are also incorporated on clustering results to determine detected tumor regions for tracking. Results: 400 fluoroscopic images obtained from 3 patients with lungcancer are utilized to evaluate the performance of the proposed tumor tracking strategy. Another strategy, which conducts the same tracking steps via clustering but directly on fluoroscopic images, is implemented for comparison. Experimental results and statistical analysis demonstrate that clustering on low‐rank fluoroscopic images performs significantly better than performing clustering directly on fluoroscopic images for lungtumor tracking. Also, tracking results obtained by the newly proposed strategy are more stable, and they are less likely to be influenced by non‐tumor tissues around the tumor region in fluoroscopic images, which often happens when applying clustering directly on fluoroscopic images. Conclusions: A novel markerless tumor tracking strategy via clustering on low‐rank fluoroscopic images for image‐guidedlungcancerradiotherapy is proposed. Promising results are demonstrated by testing the proposed strategy on real patient data. Acknowledgement: The authors would like to acknowledge the supported from Varian Medical Systems, Inc.
SCALEs: multiscale analysis of library enrichment.

We report a genome-wide, multiscale approach to simultaneously measure the effect that the increased copy of each gene and/or operon has on a desired trait or phenotype. The method involves (i) growth selections on a mixture of several different plasmid-based genomic libraries of defined insert sizes or SCALEs, (ii) microarray studies of enriched plasmid DNA, and a (iii) mathematical multiscale analysis that precisely identifies the relevant genetic elements. This approach allows for identification of all single open reading frames and larger multigene fragments within a genomic library that alter the expression of a given phenotype. We have demonstrated this method in Escherichia coli by monitoring, in parallel, a population of >106 genomic library clones of different insert sizes, throughout continuous selections over a period of 100 generations.
Evolution of rotating interstellar clouds. II - The collapse of protostars of 1, 2, and 5 solar masses

Numerical calculations have been made for the early stages of collapse of axisymmetric rotating protostars of 1, 2, and 5 solar masses. The calculations employ a range of values of total angular momentum, as well as two types of initial density distribution. The effects of boundary conditions are tested by using constant volume and constant surface pressure with identical initial conditions. The principal result of the calculations is that, in all cases tried, the collapse leads to the formation of a ring structure in the interior of the cloud, with a local density minimum at the center of the cloud. The rings approach equilibrium with a structure consistent with that of previous analytic determinations, after which they undergo further gravitational collapse. The collapse of a two-solar-mass cloud, similar to that assumed by Cameron and Pine (1973), does not appear to lead to the equilibrium nebula these authors construct.
Corporeal Experience: A Haptic Way of Knowing

Abstract Contemporary architectural discourse suggests we consider the influence of a variety of senses on our understanding of space. This article discusses literature that explores the character and significance of spatial perceptions gained by movement, touch, and other sensibilities, which are known ashaptic senses. Case studies of ranchers in rural Montana investigated how people accumulated their place-based experiences. This population demonstrated a strong tendency to rely on geographic contact and movement in space to inform them about the places in which they lived and worked. The article concludes by discussing the implications of considering haptic sensibilities in design education.
Computational Analyses of an In-Vitro Aneurysm Model Based on Three-Dimensional Angiography With Comparison to Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Dye Injection Studies

Computational fluid dynamic simulation (CFD) is a valuable tool that has been used to understand some of the fundamental conditions of cerebrovascular flow. Current methods include anatomic modeling of cerebral aneurysms derived from vascular imaging such as MRA, CTA, and three-dimensional angiography. The input blood flow waveforms can be represented from either mathematical models or physiologic sampling of flow with phase contrast MR techniques or particle image velocimetry (1). While there has been general acceptance of the validity of computational fluid dynamics, some research suggests that there can be poor correlation between CFD flow calculations and directly measured flow (2). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to qualitatively compare flow patterns in a cerebral aneurysm model using data derived from three sources: (i) direct phase contrast MRA measurement in the model; (ii) CFD simulation using computer models created from three dimensional angiography, and (iii) previously published high speed injection dye studies.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Lack of effect of pemoline on the incorporation of [3H] uridine into RNA in brain slices

Abstract In an attempt to confirm the observation of a stimulation of RNA polymerase activity in brain tissue by magnesium pemoline, the effects of this compound on the incorporation of [3H] uridine into the total RNA in brain slices in vitro was examined. No change attributable to pemoline was observed. A marked stimulation of [3H] uridine incorporation was found to result from Mg(OH)2 (a component of magnesium pemoline) addition to the incubation medium. The mechanism of this response is under examination.
Stimulation of in vitro transcription of T4 DNA by the polyamine spermidine.

Abstract The effect of the triamine spermidine [H 2 N-(CH 2 ) 4 NH(CH 2 ) 3 NH 2 ] on the in vitro transcription of T4 DNA by Escherichia coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase has been studied. Under low ionic strength assay conditions, the incorporation of nucleoside triphosphates into RNA ceased by 15 min of incubation. The addition of spermidine to a final concentration of 2.5 m m delayed the appearance of this plateau by several hours. Analysis of transcription complexes by nitrocellulose filter binding and sedimentation through sucrose gradients revealed that nascent RNA is released in the presence or absence of added spermidine. Therefore, spermidine does not enhance in vitro transcription by facilitating the release of nascent transcripts from the DNA-enzyme-RNA complex. Also, sedimentation analysis of transcription products synthesized in the presence or absence of spermidine revealed no significant size differences. The presence of optimal concentrations of spermidine in the reaction mixture did enable the polymerase to dissociate from the DNA template and initiate new DNA chain synthesis. DNA-RNA hybridization studies revealed that the transcripts synthesized in the presence of spermidine throughout the reaction time course are faithful copies of the DNA template. Furthermore, spermidine prevented and reversed the inhibition of RNA synthesis by exogenous RNA.
Syntax and computation

Algorithms have been developed for generating and parsing with context-sensitive grammars. In principle, the contexts to which a grammar is sensitive can be syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, or phonetic. This development points up the need to develop a new kind of lexicon, whose entries contain large amounts of several kinds of contextual information about each word or morpheme, provided in computable form. Ways in which both the form and content of the entries differ from those of traditional dictionaries are indicated.
Impact of national culture on the quality of information delivery in services

A nation’s culture has a significant influence on an employee’s behavior and communication. Culture-specific characteristics cause information delivery biases, especially in services. This paper studies how a nation’s culture affects the quality of information delivery using a global airline dataset. Cultural differences are measured by two commonly used datasets, Hofstede and Globe projects. Our results show that cultural characteristics have statistically significant effects on the website quality, inflight media options, and inflight communications. We suggest firms in each culture become aware of these findings and step forward to remedy their shortcomings or to bolster their performance.
The Ideology of Economic Science in the Selling of NAFTA: The Political Economy of Elite Decision-Making

Assuming the mantle of "scientific objectivity," orthodox economic analysis has played a major and highly politicized role in the selling of Mexico and NAFTA. Trade models based in the New International Economics fail to acknowledge the strategies of transnational capital or the structural aspects of the Mexican economy, while introducing only those assumptions which enable modelers to "prove" that FTAs are mutually beneficial. The cutting edge of the corporate-government juggernaut promoting NAFTA has been forged through the propagation of the simulation results of tautological and aprioristic neoclassical trade models.
Measurement of Human Ventricular Effective Refractory Periods: Effect of Incremental Versus Decremental Extrastimulation

Incremental Versus Decremental Extrastimulation for Refractoriness. Measurement of ventricular refractoriness is performed routinely at electrophysiological study but methods of refractory period determination have not been standardized. This study compared the difference between refractory period measurements hy incremental and decremental extrastimulns techniques. Twenty-six patients were included and a > 5-msec increase in incremental compared to decremental ventricular effective refractory period (V ERP) was found in all (hysteresis interval). There was no significant effect of order of extrastimulus protocol, right ventricular site, or current strength on the hysteresis interval. There was an effect of longer duration of drive to increase hysteresis interval. When incremental extrastimulation was performed first, there was an increased hysteresis interval at shorter cycle lengths of drive, whereas when decremental extrastimulation was performed first, there was an increased hysteresis interval in sinus rhythm. We conclude that decremental extrastimulation yields shorter refractory periods tban incremental extrastimulation, as a combined effect of cycle length shortening and duration of pacing. A standard method for determining ventricular refractoriness should he considered. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 506–511 December 1990)
87Sr(d, p)88 at 18 MeV and the 1g922d52 multiplet

Abstract Differential cross sections for 87 Sr(d, p) 88 transitions to the particle-hole states of 88 Sr were obtained with the Pittsburgh 18 MeV deuteron beam and the Enge split-pole spectrograph. States of 88 Sr up to 7223 keV in excitation were studied with a total resolution of 16 keV. Finite-range and zero-range DWBA predictions were found to be in excellent agreement with each other and also in acceptable agreement with the data. For eleven levels, mixed l = 2 and l = 0 transitions were identified. Residual interaction matrix elements for the (1 g −1 9 2 2 d 5 2 ) multiplet were derived from the 88 Sr data. Two potentially divergent results of 91 Zr(p, d) 90 Zr and 91 Zr( 3 He,α) 90 Zr reactions for the (1 g −1 9 2 2 d 5 2 ) multiplet in 90 Zr can be reconciled by allowing for l n mixing. The revised 90 Zr matrix elements are compared with the 88 Sr result.
Doping Effects on CdO Thin Films

This paper reports the properties of undoped CdO films and CdO films doped with the group VII element F and the group IV element Sn. The CdO films are made by low-pressure chemical-vapor deposition. We observe that undoped CdO films can achieve a carrier concentration of 10 21 cm −3 , apparently by controlling the intrinsic defect. However, the electron mobility of these films is only around 2 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . With fluorine doping, an electron mobility of ∼260 cm 2 V −1 s −1 has been achieved. However, low carrier concentration results because of the low solubility of F in CdO film. CdO films doped with both Sn and F demonstrate carrier concentrations of 10 21 cm −3 and reasonable electron mobilities of around 20 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . Due to the small effective electron mass of CdO, a large Burstein-Moss shift is observed for films with high carrier concentration. The shift enables the fundamental absorption edges of undoped CdO films to reach 3.0 eV and 3.3 eV for films doped with both Sn and F.
Acute effects of intravenous lipid emulsion infusion on plasma fibronectin

Abstract Fibronectin is a plasma glycoprotein implicated as an important opsonin in phagocytic host defense mechanisms involving the reticuloendothelial system. In critically ill patients and in response to starvation, plasma fibronectin levels are often reduced. This factor may be a significant determinant of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Intravenous lipid emulsions have been shown to accumulate in cells of the reticuloendothelial system after prolonged administration, and in some reports depress host immune functions. Our goal in this study was to determine if these changes were mediated through a reduction in plasma fibronectin levels. Plasma fibronectin was measured in 10 patients scheduled to receive intravenous lipid emulsion (10% Liposyn) as component of total parenteral nutrition. Liposyn was administered as a 10 hr infusion. Fibronectin levels were determined immediately prior to infusion and 1, 6, 12 and 24 hr later. In all patients, plasma fibronectin levels remained unchanged throughout the course of lipid infusion (pre-infusion=292±51; after 24 hr=298±21 μg/ml). In individual patients, levels varied less than 10% between time points. Our results indicate that reticuloendothelial blockade is not initiated by acute depletion of plasma fibronectin in patients receiving intravenous lipid emulsions.
The matrix Riccati equation for scattering from stratified chiral spheres

Angular scattering from radially stratified spherical chiral objects is investigated. Based on the principles of invariant embedding, we formulate a matrix Riccati equation that can be used to examine basic scattering properties of spherical chiral structures with radial inhomogeneities in permittivity, permeability, and chirality. High- and low-frequency limits as well as weak reflection and constant impedance cases for this equation are examined. We show that in the limit of large radii of curvature, this formulation yields the planar result.
Improving women's preconceptional health: findings from a randomized trial of the Strong Healthy Women intervention in the Central Pennsylvania women's health study.

Purpose. Improving the health of women before pregnancy is an important strategy for reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes for mother and child. This paper reports the first pretest–posttest results from a randomized trial of a unique, multidimensional, small group format intervention, Strong Healthy Women, designed to improve the health behaviors and health status of preconceptional and interconceptional women. Methods. Nonpregnant pre- and interconceptional women ages 18–35 were recruited in 15 lowincome rural communities in Central Pennsylvania (n ¼ 692). Women were randomized in a ratio of 2-to-1 to intervention and control groups; participants received a baseline and follow-up health risk assessment at 14 weeks and completed questionnaires to assess behavioral variables. The analytic sample for this report consists of 362 women who completed both risk assessments. Outcomes include measures of attitudinal and health-related behavior change. Main Findings. Women in the intervention group were significantly more likely than controls to report higher self-efficacy for eating healthy food and to perceive higher preconceptional control of birth outcomes; greater intent to eat healthy foods and be more physically active; and greater frequency of reading food labels, physical activity consistent with recommended levels, and daily use of a multivitamin with folic acid. Significant dose effects were found: Each additional intervention session attended was associated with higher perceived internal preconceptional control of birth outcomes, reading food labels, engaging in relaxation exercise or meditation for stress management, and daily use of a multivitamin with folic acid. Conclusions. The attitudinal and behavior changes attributable to the intervention were related primarily to nutrition and physical activity. These results show that these topics can be successfully addressed with pre- and interconceptional women outside the clinical setting in community-based interventions.
Effect of parathyroid hormone administration on bone composition in guinea pigs.

SummaryAdministration of parathyroid hormone to guinea pigs caused a consistent significant decrease in the femoral concentration of calcium, but no change in concentration of collagen (measured as hydroxyproline), DNA, or polysaccharide (measured as uronic acid). A small but not significant decrease in bone hexosamine concentration occurred. These data indicate that mineral can be mobilized from bone without a concomitant decrease in concentration of matrix constituents.
Teachers' Intentions and Learners' Perceptions about Corrective Feedback in the L2 Classroom

The efficacy of corrective feedback provided during classroom interaction is the topic of much current debate in the second language (L2) literature, and innovative methodology is needed in order to explore this complex issue. Several studies have investigated learners' perceptions about corrective feedback (Egi, in press; Kim & Han, in press; Mackey et al., 2000; Roberts, 1995); however, the degree of overlap between teachers' intentions and learners' perceptions about corrective feedback and the factors influencing such overlap are little understood. The current research investigated perceptions about feedback in Arabic foreign language classrooms. Corrective feedback was provided during authentic lessons on a range of linguistic targets (e.g. phonology, morphology/lexis and syntax) in a number of different ways (e.g. explicit feedback and implicit feedback, including declarative/interrogative recasts and negotiation). Shortly after the language classes, the teachers and their students viewed video clip...
Posterior shoulder dislocation in infants with neonatal brachial plexus palsy.

Background: Glenoid dysplasia and posterior shoulder subluxation with resultant shoulder stiffness is a well-recognized complication in infants with neonatal brachial plexus palsy. It is generally considered to be the result of a slowly progressive glenohumeral deformation secondary to muscle imbalance, physeal trauma, or both. Recent publications about infantile posterior shoulder dislocation have suggested that the onset of dysplasia occurs at an earlier age than has been previously recognized. The prevalence of early dislocation in infants with this disorder has not been previously reported, to our knowledge. Methods: We studied 134 consecutive infants with neonatal brachial plexus palsy who were seen at our institution over a period of two years. All infants were examined at monthly intervals to assess neurological recovery and the status of the upper extremity until recovery occurred or a treatment plan was established. The type of brachial plexus involvement was classified. Specific clinical signs associated with subluxation and dislocation were recorded. These included asymmetry of skin folds of the axilla or the proximal aspect of the arm, apparent shortening of the humeral segment, a palpable asymmetric fullness in the posterior region of the shoulder, or a palpable click during shoulder manipulation. The infants who were identified as having these clinical signs were evaluated with ultrasonographic imaging studies. Results: Eleven (8%) of the 134 infants had a posterior shoulder dislocation. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was six months (range, three to ten months). There was no correlation between the occurrence of dislocation and the type of initial neurological deficit. A rapid loss of passive external rotation between monthly examinations indicated a posterior shoulder dislocation. Conclusions: Posterior shoulder dislocation can occur earlier (before the age of one year) and more rapidly in infants with neonatal brachial plexus palsy than has been appreciated previously. As with developmental dysplasia of the hip, a high index of suspicion, recognition of clinical signs, and the use of ultrasonography will allow the diagnosis to be established. Following early diagnosis, attention should be focused on improving the stability and congruency of the shoulder joint. Level of Evidence: Prognostic study, Level I-1 (prospective study). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A New Nonbinary Matrix Clustering Algorithm for Development of System Architectures

Clustering techniques have been widely used for solving various engineering problems such as system architecture, modular product/system design, group technology, machine layout, and so on. Most of these problems use matrix formulation to model the problem. Once the matrix formulation for the problem is obtained, cluster analysis is used to group objects represented in the matrix into homogenous clusters based on object features. In this correspondence, a new efficient algorithm for clustering large n x n binary and nonbinary (weighted) matrices is presented. For an n x n incidence matrix, the algorithm first creates n clusters. Once the initial clusters are obtained, the algorithm uses improvement steps to continuously improve the quality of the solution obtained in the previous step. Modifications to the algorithm are presented for clustering n x m matrices. A detailed discussion on the effectiveness of the clustering algorithm when it is applied to matrices of various sizes and sparsity is also presented. The application of the n x n clustering algorithm developed in this correspondence is presented with the development of modular electrical/electronic vehicle door architectures.
Target localization techniques for vehicle-based electromagnetic induction array applications

State-of-the-art electromagnetic induction (EMI) arrays provide significant capability enhancement to landmine, unexploded ordnance (UXO), and buried explosives detection applications. Arrays that are easily configured for integration with a variety of mobile platforms offer improved safety and efficiency to personnel conducting detection operations including site remediation, explosive ordnance disposal, and humanitarian demining missions. We present results from an evaluation of two vehicle-based frequency domain EMI arrays. Our research includes implementation of a simple circuit model to estimate target location from sensor measurements of the scattered vertical magnetic field component. Specifically, we characterize any conductive or magnetic target using a set of parameters that describe the eddy current and magnetic polarizations induced about a set of orthogonal axes. Parameter estimations are based on the fundamental resonance mode of a series inductance and resistance circuit. This technique can be adapted to a variety of EMI array configurations, and thus offers target localization capabilities to a number of applications.
Organized Interests and the Common Core

Among the notable aspects of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) is the diverse array of interest groups supporting them. These organizations must now apply the strategies they used so effectively in advancing the Common Core to stem mounting opposition to it. This article draws on theories of political and policy learning and interviews with major participants to examine the role that CCSS supporters have played in developing and implementing the standards, supporters’ reasons for mobilizing, and the counterarguments and strategies of recently emerging opposition groups.
Associations between attempts at physical intimacy and relational outcomes among cohabiting and married couples

Attempting to initiate physical intimacy with a partner has traditionally been explored through the lens of sexual pressure and coercion and linked to negative couple outcomes. The present study utilized a sample of 397 male/female couples in committed relationships (married and cohabiting) to explore more generally how attempts at sexual intimacy were associated with varying relational outcomes. Results suggested that unlike previously established associations with sexual coercion, more generalized attempts at physical intimacy were associated with better relationship outcomes, including more relationship satisfaction, better couple communication, and less couple conflict. Gender moderated the results in that men’s attempts at intimacy were particularly associated with positive relational outcomes. The implications of considering attempts for physical intimacy as a positive aspect of couple sexuality are discussed.
Addressing the E-Waste Crisis: The Need for Comprehensive Federal E-Waste Regulation within the United States

INTRODUCTION In 2007, studies found that children in the village of Guiyu, an electronic waste recycling center in Southern China, had blood lead levels fifty percent higher than the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) sets for maximum safe exposure in the United States.1 Sadly and ironically, while the United States has established health, safety, and environmental regulations to prevent this kind of toxic exposure domestically, the regulations, practices, and policies of the United States and other developed countries have caused significant toxic exposure overseas in towns like Guiyu.2 The United States and other industrialized countries are flooding the global waste stream with discarded televisions, computers, cell phones, and other electronics3 that contain lead,
American Legal Realism and Empirical Social Science

John Henry Schlegel recovers a largely ignored aspect of American Legal Realism, a movement in legal thought in the 1920s and 1930s that sought to bring the modern notion of empirical science into the study and teaching of law. In this book, he explores individual Realist scholars' efforts to challenge the received notion that the study of law was primarily a matter of learning rules and how to manipulate them. He argues that empirical research was integral to Legal Realism, and he explores why this kind of research did not, finally, become a part of American law school curricula. Schlegel reviews the work of several prominent Realists but concentrates on the writings of Walter Wheeler Cook, Underhill Moore, and Charles E. Clark. He reveals how their interest in empirical research was a product of their personal and professional circumstances and demonstrates the influence of John Dewey's ideas on the expression of that interest. According to Schlegel, competing understandings of the role of empirical inquiry contributed to the slow decline of this kind of research by professors of law. A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.
Unsupervised learning for speech motion editing

We present a new method for editing speech related facial motions. Our method uses an unsupervised learning technique, Independent Component Analysis (ICA), to extract a set of meaningful parameters without any annotation of the data. With ICA, we are able to solve a blind source separation problem and describe the original data as a linear combination of two sources. One source captures content (speech) and the other captures style (emotion). By manipulating the independent components we can edit the motions in intuitive ways.
Data-aggregation techniques in sensor networks: a survey

Wireless sensor networks consist of sensor nodes with sensing and com- munication capabilities. We focus on data-aggregation problems in energy- constrained sensor networks. The main goal of data-aggregation algorithms is to gather and aggregate data in an energy efficient manner so that net- work lifetime is enhanced. In this article we present a survey of data-aggre- gation algorithms in wireless sensor networks. We compare and contrast different algorithms on the basis of performance measures such as lifetime, latency, and data accuracy. We conclude with possible future research directions.
Feasibility of Dual Wireless Esophageal pH Monitoring Randomized Blinded Sham-Controlled Trial

Objective. Wireless pH monitoring is currently employed in the distal esophagus. There are no controlled studies on the feasibil- ity/safety of proximal esophageal wireless pH capsule placement. We tested the hypothesis that there will be no difference in patient perception of a more proximally placed pH capsule. Study Design. Randomized single-blinded sham-controlled trial. Setting. Tertiary care center. Subjects and Methods. All patients had a wireless pH capsule positioned 6 cm proximal to the gastroesophageal junction. They were randomized into intervention or sham groups after distal capsule placement. The delivery introducer was positioned 10 cm proximal to the distal esophageal capsule, and a second capsule was either deployed (intervention) or not (sham) based on group allocation. Patients were blinded to group assignment. Modified Edmonton Score was used to assess for chest pain, dysphagia, and odynophagia. The primary endpoints were (1) required endoscopic removal because of discomfort and (2) change in chest pain scores, controlling for baseline pain. Results. Patients were randomized to either the intervention, proximal esophageal capsule (n = 11), or sham (n = 11). Patients with proximal pH probes had higher odds of having their chest pain (odds ratio (OR), 8.44; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35-52.6; P = .02), odynophagia (OR, 49.5; 95% CI, 4.70-520; P = .001), and dysphagia (OR, 14.3; 95% CI, 2.12-96.6; P = .006) exacerbated. Two (2/11; 18%) proxi- mally deployed probes required endoscopic removal because of patient intolerance or discomfort. Conclusion. A proximal esophageal wireless pH monitor place- ment is feasible but results in increased chest pain, odynophagia, and dysphagia that can be severe enough to require endoscopic removal. These limitations preclude its potential clinical benefit.
Exploring regular fabrics to optimize the performance-cost trade-off

While advances in semiconductor technologies have pushed achievable scale and performance to phenomenal limits for ICs, nanoscale physical realities dictate IC production based on what we can afford. We believe that IC design and manufacturing can be made more affordable, and reliable, by removing some design and implementation flexibility and enforcing new forms of design regularity. This paper discusses some of the trade-offs to consider for determination of how much regularity a particular IC or application can afford. A Via Patterned Gate Array is proposed as one such example that trades performance for cost by way of new forms of design regularity.
The Regulation and Expression of the Creatine Transporter: A Brief Review of Creatine Supplementation in Humans and Animals

Creatine monohydrate has become one of the most popular ergogenic sport supplements used today. It is a nonessential dietary compound that is both endogenously synthesized and naturally ingested through diet. Creatine ingested through supplementation has been observed to be absorbed into the muscle exclusively by means of a creatine transporter, CreaT1. The major rationale of creatine supplementation is to maximize the increase within the intracellular pool of total creatine (creatine + phosphocreatine). There is much evidence indicating that creatine supplementation can improve athletic performance and cellular bioenergetics, although variability does exist. It is hypothesized that this variability is due to the process that controls both the influx and efflux of creatine across the cell membrane, and is likely due to a decrease in activity of the creatine transporter from various compounding factors. Furthermore, additional data suggests that an individual's initial biological profile may partially determine the efficacy of a creatine supplementation protocol. This brief review will examine both animal and human research in relation to the regulation and expression of the creatine transporter (CreaT). The current literature is very preliminary in regards to examining how creatine supplementation affects CreaT expression while concomitantly following a resistance training regimen. In conclusion, it is prudent that future research begin to examine CreaT expression due to creatine supplementation in humans in much the same way as in animal models.
Facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention

Multiple, large randomised trials comparing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with fibrinolytic therapy for ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have shown that primary PCI results in lower rates of death, reinfarction, and stroke.1 Consequently, primary PCI has become the preferred reperfusion strategy for STEMI. Unfortunately, primary PCI is available in only a minority of hospitals, and concern that treatment delays inherent in transporting patients from non-interventional hospitals to interventional hospitals may compromise outcomes, has limited the use of primary PCI. Recent trials in Europe have documented superior outcomes in patients with STEMI presenting at non-interventional hospitals when they are transferred to an interventional facility for primary PCI compared with being treated locally with fibrinolytic therapy, despite treatment delays of about one hour.2,3 Unfortunately, treatment delays in transferring patients from non-interventional to interventional hospitals are often longer than this in the “real world”. This has stimulated interest in combining pharmacological treatment with mechanical reperfusion (facilitated PCI) in an attempt to minimise delays to reperfusion. Facilitated PCI is defined as the use of pharmacological treatment as soon as possible after the onset of STEMI in an attempt to establish early reperfusion, followed by transport to an interventional laboratory for emergent mechanical reperfusion in an attempt to maximise the frequency of TIMI 3 flow in the infarct artery and to stabilise the ruptured plaque with PCI. The facilitated PCI strategy triages all patients to the catheterisation laboratory for PCI following pharmacologic reperfusion therapy, and should be distinguished from rescue PCI, in which only patients who are thought to have unsuccessful reperfusion following pharmacologic reperfusion therapy are transported to the catheterisation laboratory for PCI. Facilitated PCI potentially may improve outcomes over primary PCI alone by establishing earlier reperfusion, by providing an open artery on arrival to the catheterisation laboratory which may …
Minor Hassles in Community College Student Life

Over the past several decades, academic stress—the pressures, frustrations and hassles associated with all aspects of college life—has gained increased attention in the literature. In this grant-funded study, a group of 161 students at an urban Northeastern community college took a comprehensive survey. The survey included questions about their academic stressors, their reactions to the stressors, and their coping strategies. In this survey, minor hassles emerged as the most prominent stressor experienced by these students. This paper describes the minor hassles experienced by the students, relates the findings to current and past literature on stress, and presents implications for community college administrators.