cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Framework for Design Guideline for Expanded Polystyrene Block Geofoam in Slope Stabilization and Repair

This paper presents the framework for the interim design guideline for the use of expanded polystyrene (EPS) block geofoam for slope stabilization and repair, based on the findings of the NCHRP Project 24-11(02) Phase I study. The overall objective of this research is to develop a design guideline as well as an appropriate material and construction standard for the use of EPS block geofoam for the function of lightweight fill in slope stability applications. The recommended design methodology included in the framework is based on an assessment of the existing technology and literature. The Phase II work will refine the interim design guideline framework and address some uncertainties in the current state of the practice of analyzing various failure mechanisms included in the design procedure. The completed research will consist of the following five primary research products: (a) a summary of the relevant engineering properties, (b) a comprehensive design guideline, (c) a material and construction standard, (d) economic data, and (e) a detailed numerical example. No formal design guidelines on the use of any type of lightweight fill for slope stabilization by reducing the driving forces are available. Therefore, the proposed interim design guideline for EPS block geofoam can serve as a blueprint for the use of other types of lightweight fills in slope stability applications. The NCHRP Project 24-11(01) and the Project 24-11(02) Phase I research confirmed that EPS block geofoam is a unique lightweight fill material and can provide a safe and economical solution for slope stabilization and repair.
A novel high accurate analytical technique of the leak current for the product chip

We propose the novel technique to analyze the leak current of the product chip accurately. Comparison of calculated and measured leak current proves the validity of this technique. The small variation causation of the product's leak current is able to be analyzed. Moreover, leak current reduction guide is obtained with the detail component factor analysis. Applying to the in-line monitor, all wafers could be an analytical object.
Overactive Bladder and Idiopathic Detrusor Overactivity

Overactive bladder (OAB), estimated to afflict up to 33 million Americans, (Stewart et al. 2003) is a condition resulting in a disruption to the normal micturition process. It is a syndrome complex characterized by urinary urgency, frequency and may or may not be accompanied by incontinence. Incontinence is due to involuntary contraction of the detrusor muscle during bladder filling (detrusor overactivity). Most cases of incontinence arise without obvious pathology. In such cases, abnormal bladder muscle contractions are termed idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO). A smaller number of cases are secondary to neurogenic pathology and are termed neurogenic detrusor overactivity (Chap. 3).
Consequences of a male takeover on mating skew in wild Sanje mangabeys

© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Among primate species living in multimale-multifemale groups, the number of receptive females may determine the rank of the lowest male that copulates (priority of access model, or PoA [Altmann SA. 1962. A field study of the sociobiology of rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 102:338–435]). Factors, such as temporary instability in the hierarchy and female behavior can, however, affect high-ranking males’ ability to monopolize females, reducing mating skew and causing the hierarchy to depart from predictions of PoA. Here, I use behavioral data collected over a 22-month period on a wild group of Sanje mangabeys (Cercocebus sanjei) to examine the effect of a takeover by two immigrating males who became α and β in the hierarchy, and of female behavior on male mating skew. Data on male agonistic interactions were collected on nine males using ad libitum observations, while information on male mating success (i.e., daily proportion of ejaculatory copulations with the focal female) was collected through focal follows of 12 sexually receptive females. Before the takeover, the hierarchy was stable and highly skewed, with the α-male monopolizing up to 75% of copulations. At this time, however, mating skew did not follow the predictions of PoA. During the takeover, from the time one of the newly immigrant males replaced the α until the second immigrant male became the new β, the stability of the hierarchy dropped significantly and mating was no longer skewed. Accordingly, the top two ranking males at that time (i.e., the new α and former β) accounted for only 33% of copulations. After the takeover, rank stability increased, and mating skew followed the PoA. Female mating solicitations also had a significant positive effect on male mating success, and may have contributed to the deviation from the PoA. This study demonstrates that temporary rank instability decreases high-ranking males’ ability to monopolize copulations, causing a departure from the predictions of the PoA. Am. J. Primatol. 79:e22532, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana Against Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae) at Low Temperatures

The western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight, is susceptible to the naturally-occurring pathogen, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Recent research efforts have focused on selection of Beauveria strains that were effective against Lygus under the high-temperature conditions typical of the cotton (Gossypium spp.) production season. However, the most appropriate use of this pathogen may not be as a rescue treatment. Alternatively, B. bassiana may be useful to efforts to target overwintering populations of Lygus if isolates are available that are highly virulent under the low temperature conditions typical of winter and early-spring in the San Joaquin Valley. One commercially-available isolate and 4 native isolates of B. bassiana were assayed against L. hesperus adults under constant temperatures of 12.8, 18.3, and 23.9°C. Although decreasing temperatures were associated with diminished Beauveria-induced mortality of Lygus and slower development of dis...
Evidence, Policy, and E-Cigarettes--Will England Reframe the Debate?

Public Health England claims that e-cigarettes are 95% less harmful than combustible cigarettes and suggests that they can help reduce health inequalities. But the United Kingdom's long-standing commitment to harm reduction contrasts dramatically with the U.S. position.
EFFECTS OF ENDOTOXINS ON CULTURED LEUKOCYTES.

SummaryThe response of peripheral WBC cultures to various endotoxins was compared to unstimulated control cultures. Three normal subjects with low antibody titers to S. typhosa, S. enteritides and E. coli were used as cell donors. These endotoxins produced lymphocyte transformation, DNA synthesis as measured by TdR-H3 incorporation, occasional mitoses, and enhanced monocyte survival in their in vitro WBC cultures. In contrast, endotoxins derived from pseudomonas and S. abortus equi which are relatively non-antigenic were toxic when added to leukocyte cultures and resulted in little or no lymphocyte proliferation,
Potato flea beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) evaluated as a possible vector of ring rot bacterium in potatoes

Commercial tolerances for the incidence of bacterial ring rot caused by Clavibacter michiganense subsp. sepedonicum (Spieck. & Kotth.), Davis, Gillaspie, Vidaver &Harris in potatoes, Solanum tuberosum L., are zero, requiring strict regulations to reduce field spread of the disease. Few insects have been shown to be directly associated with the dissemination of ring rot bacteria. Concentrations of bacteria within potato leaves as potential inoculum and the ability of the potato flea beetle, Epitrix cucumeris (Harris), to acquire and disseminate the ring rot bacterium were investigated. There was considerable variation in the concentrations of ring rot bacteria within potato leaves. The highest numbers of bacteria were found in the midveins. Fewest bacteria were present in the mesophyll of the laminae, but the basal sections of laminae contained more bacteria than did the midrib sections from leaflet tips. Potato flea beetles acquired the bacteria in 24 h or less. Beetles exposed to infected plant tissue were confirmed positive for the pathogen using indirect immunofluorescence antibody staining (IFAS). In addition, scanning electron photomicrographs of infected flea beetles showed their mouthparts to be contaminated with bacteria that were the same size and morphology as the ring rot pathogen. Positive IFAS reactions of potato test plants that had been fed upon by potato flea beetles previously exposed to ring rot-infected plants represented support for transmission of the bacteria by the beetles. Mode of transmission appears to be through feeding activity because IFAS analyses of regurgitants and fecal material from contaminated beetles were negative.
FATIGUE CHARACTERISTIC OF 45 STEEL UNDER MULTIAXIAL LOADING

Multiaxial fatigue tests were conducted on 45 steel specimens at room temperature. Thin-walled tubular specimens were subjected to combined tension and torsion loading in low cycle strain control. The cyclic characteristics of the steel under multiaxial loading were investigated. The dependencies of nonproportional additional hardening, multiaxial cyclic hardening/softening characteristics and multiaxial low cycle fatigue life on strain paths and loading parameters were analyzed. The results showed that the degree of nonproportional additional hardening depends on the phase difference between axial and shear strains, and multiaxial cyclic hardening/softening characteristics change with the ratio of shear to axial strain amplitude. Both the phase difference and the ratio have effect on multiaxial fatigue life.
An Approach to Calculate Electric Field Strength Resulting From AC Currents Flowing Through Horizontal Infinite Line

The AC currents flowing through power transmission line,such as power frequency current,harmonic currents,corona current and carrier current,produce a resultant alternative electromagnetic field in surrounding space,and this field electromagnetically affects on adjacent electrical equipments,one of the key topics in the research on the electromagnetic affect is the electric field strength.To research the alternative electromagnetic field in surrounding space,which is produced by AC current flowing through the conductors of transmission line,firstly the alternative electromagnetic filed produced by single conductor-ground circuit is taken as the basic model;then the alternative electromagnetic field produced by multi-conductors is the resultant of electromagnetic fields produced by all conductors.The method to calculate the horizontal component of electric field strength produced by alternative current flowing through single horizontal conductor is presented;then based on Sommerfeld’s theory of horizontal dipole field,the vertical component of the electric field strength is derived,and the first-order Bessel function of the second kind and the first-order Struve function are utilized to express the Sommerfeld-type integration,therefore,the expression ways of horizontal component and vertical component of electric field strength are unified theoretically,and the result of this research offers a method of numerical evaluation that is available for reference to engineering calculation of electric field strength.
Smearing of the quantum anomalous Hall effect due to statistical fluctuations of magnetic dopants

The quantum anomalous Hall effect is induced by substitution of a certain portion $x$ of Bi atoms in a BiTe-based insulating parent compound by magnetic ions (Cr or V). We find the density of in-gap states $N(E)$ emerging as a result of statistical fluctuations of the composition $x$ in the vicinity of the transition point where the average gap ${\overline{E}}_{g}$ passes through zero. A local gap follows the fluctuations of $x$. Using the instanton approach, we show that, near the gap edges, the tails are exponential $ln\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}N(E)\ensuremath{\propto}\ensuremath{-}({\overline{E}}_{g}\ensuremath{-}|E|)$ and the tail states are due to small local gap reduction. Our main finding is that, even when the smearing magnitude exceeds the gap width, there exists a semihard gap around zero energy, where $ln\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}N(E)\ensuremath{\propto}\ensuremath{-}\frac{{\overline{E}}_{g}}{|E|}ln\left(\frac{{\overline{E}}_{g}}{|E|}\right)$. The states responsible for $N(E)$ originate from local gap reversals within narrow rings. The consequence of the semihard gap is the Arrhenius, rather than variable-range hopping, temperature dependence of the diagonal conductivity at low temperatures.
Practical Bomb Scene Investigation

The illicit use of explosives has become a growing international concern. Those investigating the scenes of these bombings must do so expeditiously and effectively in order to locate any and all evidence among the rubble that can identify the culprits and bring them to justice. Written by an explosives expert with over thirty years in the f
A Holistic Conception of Nonacademic Support: How Four Mechanisms Combine to Encourage Positive Student Outcomes in the Community College

Despite their best efforts, community colleges continue to see low rates of student persistence and degree attainment. Although such outcomes can be attributed in large part to students’ lack of academic readiness, nonacademic issues also play a part. Building on Karp's 2011 framework of nonacademic support, this chapter explores the evidence that holistic support can encourage community college students’ success.
Periodical prestige and criminal justice: An assessment of professional journals [1]

It is a seemingly easy task to generate periodical rankings for an academic discipline. Yet, upon closer inspection, the validity of this claim is questionable, particularly for disciplines lacking a well-defined membership or scholarship boundaries. Criminal justice is one such discipline.
MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMUM DESIGN OF STRUCTURES WITH GENETIC ALGORITHM AND GAME THEORY: APPLICATION TO LIFE-CYCLE COST DESIGN

ABSTRACT Loss of life and property from possible future earthquakes as well as the expense and difficulty of post-earthquake rehabilitation and reconstruction strongly suggest the need for proper structural design with damage control. Design criteria should balance initial cost of the structure with expected losses from potential earthquake-induced structural damage. Life-cycle cost design addresses these issues. Such a design methodology can be developed using multiobjective and multilevel optimization techniques. Presentation here focuses on genetic algorithm and game theory as well as a life-cycle cost model for this innovative design methodology. Genetic algorithms (GAs) have the characteristic of maintaining a population of solutions, and can search in a parallel manner for many nondominated solutions. These features coincide with the requirement of seeking a Pareto optimal set in a multiobjective optimization problem. The rationale for multiobjective optimization via GAs is that at each generation, the fitness of each individual is defined according to its nondominated property. Since nondominated individuals are assigned the highest fitness values, the convergence of a population will go to the nondominated zone – the Pareto optimal set. Based on this concept, a Pareto GA whose goal is to locate the Pareto optimal set of a multiobjective optimization problem is developed. In this GA, to avoid missing Pareto optimal points during evolutionary processes, a new concept called Pareto-set filter is adopted. At each generation, the points of rank 1 are put into the filter and undergo a nondominated check. In addition, a niche technique is provided to prevent genetic drift in population evolution. This technique sets a replacement rule for reproduction procedures. For a constrained optimization problem, a revised penalty function method is introduced to transfer a constrained problem into a nonconstrained one. The transferred function of a point contains information on a point's status (feasible or infeasible), position in a search region, and distance to the Pareto optimal set. Three numerical examples are provided: 1) optimum design of a seismic-resistant structure with/without control, 2) optimum design for a final structural system selected from steel frame, reinforced concrete, or composite system, and 3) sensitivity analysis of the effect of cost function on structural probability failure. It is concluded that multiobjective and multilevel optimization is essential to determine target reliability and seismic building code performance.
Social Research and Political Advocacy

The study of the relationship between social research and political partisanship is scarcely a novelty. This linkage has characterized investigations in sociology and anthropology for the last fifty years. The work of the prototypical and part-mythical post-World War I Chicago School of W. I. Thomas, R. E. Park, Louis Wirth, and E. C. Hughes, to mention but a few figures, is characterized by a keen sense of accurate reporting, a perspective on the raw materials that raised issues of stratification and societal values, and—in the cases of Park. and Wirth —strong political recommendations.1 What distinguishes this earlier phase of social ethnography from later development thus becomes a problem to be discussed, not simply a history to be described.
Republication of “Functional Analysis of Classroom Variables for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders”:

Functional assessment and functional analysis are processes that have been applied successfully in work with people who have developmental disabilities, but they have been used rarely with students...
Effect of toluene adsorption on permeation through SAPO-34 membranes

Abstract When 0.65 mol% toluene was added to SAPO-34 membrane feeds (172-kPa feed pressure), the CO2 and N2 permeances decreased by approximately 50%, even though toluene is too large to diffuse into the SAPO-34 pores. Single-component adsorption isotherms for CO2 and toluene were used to fit a dual-site Langmuir model to estimate external surface coverages. The lower CO2 permeances qualitatively correlated with the reduced CO2 surface coverages. Changes in permeances for 10-kPa feed pressures were also measured so that surface coverages could be estimated more accurately using ideal adsorbed solution theory. The estimated decreases in CO2 coverages on the membrane surface due to competitively-adsorbed toluene reduced the trans-membrane CO2 driving force and accounted for the observed decreases in permeance.
Hardware Trojan Detection: Untrusted Third-Party IP Cores

In general, third-party IP (3PIP) cores fall into one of three categories: soft, firm, and hard, depending on their format when they are supplied. Soft IP cores are described using VHDL or Verilog and are the most flexible and popular cores in practice. Firm cores are described and synthesized for specific libraries, while hard IP cores are described at the physical level and are supplied as layout or GDSII file. Since soft IP cores are the most widely used, detecting hardware Trojans in 3PIP, defined as IP trust, has gained significant attention in the recent years.
An Iterative Algorithm for Passive Detection with Direct-Path Interference

Passive radar detects and tracks targets of interest using non-cooperative illuminators of opportunity (IOs). This type of radar has become very popular nowadays since qualified IO sources are widely accessible. In this work, the target detection problem for passive multistatic radar is studied. The radar receivers observe not only noise-contaminated reflections of the IO signal but also non-negligible direct-path interference (DPI). We propose a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) approach, where the estimation problem in the alternative hypothesis is solved by using an iterative method. The signal transmitted from the IO is treated as a deterministic but unknown process. A clairvoyant matched filtering detector is also provided to benchmark the detection performance by assuming the knowledge of the IO waveform. Numerical results show the effectiveness of our proposed detector when DPI is present.
Actor, partner, and similarity effects of personality on global and experienced well-being.

Abstract The current study examined actor, partner, and similarity effects of personality on a variety of well-being indices, including both global and experiential measures of well-being, in 2578 heterosexual couples ( N = 5156 individuals; M age = 51.04, SD = 13.68) who completed the 2016 Wellbeing and Daily Life supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). Among actor effects, those for conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, and neuroticism were the most robust predictors of well-being. Among partner effects, conscientiousness and neuroticism were the most robust predictors of well-being. Consistent with past research, similarity effects on well-being were generally small and not always significant. The results are discussed in the context of experiential conceptualizations of well-being and operationalizing similarity in relationship research.
Estimation of Unmeasured States in a Bioreactor under Unknown Disturbances

The measurement or estimation of bioprocess states is critical for process control and optimization applications. However, certain disturbances or unknown inputs can generate significant model–plant mismatch if not considered by the process models. To better estimate the process states in the presence of these disturbances or unknown inputs, a nonlinear unknown input observer is applied. Experimental studies of batch and fed-batch operations of a bioreactor were performed using a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce β-carotene. Previously developed kinetic models produce model–plant mismatch with changes to the initial conditions or operating mode of the bioreactor. The observer is applied to the bioreactor system to estimate the batch and fed-batch state variables. State estimates from the designed observer are compared to model predictions and experimental measurements. Results show improved state estimation over first-principles model predictions when applying the unknown input observer to t...
Detecting Location Spoofing using ADAS sensors in VANETs

Location information plays a vital role in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) as numerous applications are location dependent. Thus, it is essential to preserve the integrity of the location information of vehicles. With the advancement of the vehicular technologies, it is observed that advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) sensors are being installed on vehicles. In this paper, we propose a detection mechanism of location spoofing by leveraging the on-board ADAS sensors. Under our proposed scheme, attacks based on location spoofing such as sybil attack could be efficiently detected using unique ADAS sensor data like fingerprint, without the involvement of the infrastructure and third party trusted authority.
Intracellular accumulation of staphylopine impairs the fitness of Staphylococcus aureus cntE mutant.

Staphylococcus aureus exports staphylopine (StP), a broad-spectrum metallophore, via the CntE efflux pump. Here, the mechanism of the fitness defect in the ΔcntE mutant under metal depletion was investigated. Deletion of the StP exporter CntE results in a substantial growth defect, and disrupting the StP biosynthesis gene cntL restores growth of the ΔcntE mutant in metal-depleted media. High-resolution mass spectrometry revealed cytoplasmic accumulation of StP and the absence of extracellular StP in the ΔcntE mutant. The fitness defect of the ΔcntE mutant in mouse subcutaneous abscesses is largely due to StP accumulation. Expression of StP biosynthesis genes are upregulated in the ΔcntE mutant under metal starvation induction. In conclusion, failure to efflux StP results in intracellular StP accumulation and substantially impairs the fitness of S. aureus.
Shifting Frames from Policy Disagreement to Policy Adoption through Discourse: The Initial Phase of a Study from the Aviation Repair Station Industry

Organizational change involves moving an organization from its current state to a desired state – a discursive struggle that reframes the organization. A change in regulatory policy often affects more than one organization and may involve an entire industry comprised of thousands of diverse organizations. Stakeholder resistance is a leading cause of change failure. Similarly, industry stakeholders view regulatory change with a certain level of skepticism and naturally tend to resist – leading to policy gridlock. Through a discursive struggle, regulators may find opportunities to change the conversation and shift the stakeholder’s interpretative frames from one of policy disagreement to policy adoption. This paper discusses the methodology and initial findings of the first phase of a multi-phase discursive study that utilized action research to address a heavily debated regulatory change in the United States aviation industry, specifically, Safety Management Systems. The results of this study suggest that the use of action research to create a body of discourse in regulatory policy initiatives may help regulators shift the conversation towards policy adoption. By applying action research principles, regulators may better identify strategies that change the conversation, which may lead to a change in the groups behavior or perspective – creating discourse that may lead to innovative policy solutions.
Burr Hole-Assisted Direct Transsylvian Venous Catheterization for Carotid-Cavernous Fistula Embolization: A Case Report.

Background and importance Carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCF) are pathological connections between carotid artery branches and the cavernous sinus. They can lead to a variety of symptoms, such as chemosis and double vision, or more insidious events, such as vision loss and intracranial hemorrhage. Although these patients are often treated by endovascular means, we describe a case in which the patient's CCF was not able to be accessed by usual methods and required an open surgical approach. Clinical presentation The patient had progressive chemosis, double vision, and periorbital pain. Angiogram showed an indirect type D CCF with cortical venous drainage with a large sylvian vein that was directly draining the fistula. The patient did not have a dilated superior ophthalmic vein, and the petrosal sinuses could not be catheterized. Therefore, because of the patient's increased risk for intracranial hemorrhage, she was taken to the operating room for an image guided burr hole for direct catheterization of the sylvian vein. From this point, the fistulous point could be catheterized, and the CCF was embolized using onyx. Follow-up angiogram showed complete occlusion. Conclusion This is the first report in literature of an indirect CCF being treated through a transsylvian approach with onyx. This combined open-surgical-and-endovascular approach was necessary to get full resolution of the lesion, and patient had rapid improvement of symptoms.
Frontiers in Precision Medicine III: Will Precision Medicine Improve Population Health?

The emergence of precision medicine and population health reveals a potential divergence of perspective among experts in these fields. Personalizing diagnostic and therapeutic interventions to address the needs of individual patients raises the specter of increased costs without addressing the need for interventions that enhance the health of the broader population. This symposium brought together experts in medicine, science, law and ethics to discuss and debate the issues.
Robust MIMO Communications Against Antenna Blockage and Interference

Airborne platforms, either piloted or unmanned, are an integral part of most situational awareness systems. An imperative to the success of such situational awareness systems is the ability to reliably deliver high throughput low latency data from these airborne platforms. This paper presents a promising airborne multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system for the intended situation awareness applications. The proposed system addresses three major challenges in airborne MIMO communications: 1) antenna blockage due largely to the movement and orientation of the airborne platforms; 2) the presence of unknown interference inherent to the intended application; 3) the lack of channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. Built on the Diagonal Bell-Labs Layered Space-Time (D-BLAST) MIMO architecture, the system integrates three key design approaches: spatial spreading to counter antenna blockage; temporal spreading to mitigate signal to interference and noise ratio degradation due to interference; and a simple low rate feedback scheme to enable adaptivity in the absence of full transmitter CSI. A fully functioning experimental 4 ⨯ 4 MIMO system is built using USRP software radio systems. Extensive studies using the developed system validate the performance advantage over the conventional D-BLAST system in the presence of channel impairment due to antenna blockage and interference.
Credit Constraints and the Government Spending Multiplier

Abstract This paper studies the government spending multiplier in a quantitative model with credit constraints. We have four key results. First, credit constraints reduce the liquidity-trap government spending multiplier. This occurs partly because credit constraints weaken the “expected inflation channel” that has been central to large liquidity-trap spending multipliers in quantitative models. Second, this result holds even if the rise in government spending does not alter the tightness of the credit constraints. Third, the rise in government spending crowds out private borrowing, which leads to tighter credit constraints and even smaller spending multipliers. Fourth, with credit constraints, the liquidity-trap spending multiplier could be smaller than the spending multiplier during normal times.
Accounting for standard errors of measurement when modeling change

Modeling within-person change over time and between-person differences in change over time is a primary goal in prevention science. When modeling change in an observed score over time with multilev...
Takeaways: Global Influences on Dynamic Creative Exploration

This last chapter of Revealing Creativity presents takeaways from the exploration of dynamic creativity in postsecondary education wherein a creativity framework was adapted to uncover perspectives in accountability-bound world cultures. A chief precept is that existing models of creativity—like the Four C Model of Creativity—can be utilized to help inform, interpret, and probe ideas of creativity in and across (testing) cultures. Another salient belief is that creativity can be understood as a (dynamic) process, and approached and studied as such. Dynamic creative processes have been demonstrated with the 4-C creative intervention and results described as Experience, Express, and Enliven Creativity (E3C) from educational settings in China, Canada, and Australia. A summary of this original concept and potential implications of it for theory, research, and practice are included. Hidden-c creativity, also a new concept of mine that was introduced, is the potential to be discovered in all contexts and places of learning under duress, another key takeaway. In the journey that became this book, three global influences affected the 4-C program: creativity crisis, curriculum shortfalls, and creativity constraints. Counterforces—creativity process, dynamic adaptation, and creative exploration—also shaped the research and outcomes. These forces and counterforces are described, with references to the literature and research conducted. Readers might find it helpful to be aware of these influences within learning environments amid unexpected institutional and world fluxes. The enrichment of theory, research, and practice that comes from creative discovery is anticipated for future frontiers of creativity.
Learning physical laws: the case of micron size particles in dielectric fluid.

We address the problem of learning laws governing the behavior of physical systems. As a use case we choose the discovery of the dynamics of micron-scale chiplets in dielectric fluid whose motion is controlled by a set of electric potential. We use the port-Hamiltonian formalism as a high level model structure that is continuously refined based on our understanding of the physical process. In addition, we use machine learning inspired models as low level representations. Representation structure is key in learning generalizable models, as shown by the learning results.
Autologous mitochondrial transplantation for cardiogenic shock in pediatric patients following ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Abstract Objectives To report outcomes in a pilot study of autologous mitochondrial transplantation (MT) in pediatric patients requiring postcardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for severe refractory cardiogenic shock after ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Methods A single-center retrospective study of patients requiring ECMO for postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock following IRI between May 2002 and December 2018 was performed. Postcardiotomy IRI was defined as coronary artery compromise followed by successful revascularization. Patients undergoing revascularization and subsequent MT were compared with those undergoing revascularization alone (Control). Results Twenty-four patients were included (MT, n = 10; Control, n = 14). Markers of systemic inflammatory response and organ function measured 1 day before and 7 days following revascularization did not differ between groups. Successful separation from ECMO—defined as freedom from ECMO reinstitution within 1 week after initial separation—was possible for 8 patients in the MT group (80%) and 4 in the Control group (29%) (P = .02). Median circumferential strain immediately following IRI but before therapy was not significantly different between groups. Immediately following separation from ECMO, ventricular strain was significantly better in the MT group (−23.0%; range, −20.0% to −28.8%) compared with the Control group (−16.8%; range, −13.0% to −18.4%) (P = .03). Median time to functional recovery after revascularization was significantly shorter in the MT group (2 days vs 9 days; P = .02). Cardiovascular events were lower in the MT group (20% vs 79%; P Conclusions In this pilot study, MT was associated with successful separation from ECMO and enhanced ventricular strain in patients requiring postcardiotomy ECMO for severe refractory cardiogenic shock after IRI.
Noninvasive Tests to Phenotype Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Sequence and Consequences of Arranging the Tools in the Tool Box.

Characterizing the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is essential for risk stratification and optimizing the management plan. For long, a liver biopsy was the sole option to diagnose NAFLD patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) who are at risk of progression and those with advanced fibrosis who are at a higher risk of incident liver-related morbidity and mortality.1 However, the high prevalence of NAFLD and the invasive nature of liver biopsy has placed a barrier for the diagnosis of NASH.1 This bottleneck thankfully fueled the need to develop several non-invasive approaches to identify patients with NAFLD who are at increased risk of developing liver-related morbidity and mortality without the need for receiving a liver biopsy assessment.
Association between single nucleotide polymorphism of the CYP19A1 and ESR2 genes and endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a frequent gynaecological condition, both in Poland and in the world. The development of this disease is supported by hormonal, immunological and environmental factors. During the recent years, a particular attention has been focused on the genetic polymorphisms which may be of particular significance for the increased incidence rates of endometriosis. According to literature data, Oestrogen Receptor 2 (ESR2) and Cytochrome P450 Family 19 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP19A1) genes may be accounted to the potential risk factors of infertility associated with endometriosis. The reported research was aimed to evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs17179740 of ESR2 and rs2899470 of CYP19A1 genes and the incidence of endometriosis. The study material included blood specimens, collected from patients (n = 200) with endometriosis. Blood samples from age-matched, endometriosis-free women (n = 200) served as control. The High-Resolution Melter (HRM) technique was applied for polymorphism analysis. Regarding rs2899470 polymorphism TT homozygotes was significantly more prevalent among the patients with endometriosis than in the controls (OR 2.19; p = 0.04). In case of rs17179740, GG homozygotes, as well as AG-AA genotypes, were significantly more prevalent among the endometriosis patients (OR 2.48, p = 0.04 and OR 2.36, p = 0.04, respectively). Summing up, the investigated polymorphisms of ESR2 and CYP19A1 gene are associated with the observed incidence of endometriosis.
Defining Successful Practice Within Health Systems Science Among Entering Residents: A Single-Institution Qualitative Study of Graduate Medical Education Faculty Observations.

Purpose The American Medical Association's Accelerating Change in Medical Education consortium defined health systems science (HSS) as the study of how health care is delivered, how health care professionals work together to deliver that care, and how the health system can improve patient care and health care delivery. This framework is increasingly being incorporated into medical school curricula. Graduate medical education (GME) had previously elevated systems-based practice (SBP) as a core competency, but expectations are defined by specialty-specific milestones. The lack of a shared competency framework between undergraduate medical education (UME) and GME makes it challenging to ensure that entering residents are prepared to implement HSS/SBP concepts in the workplace. The authors explored GME faculty observations of residents exemplifying successful practice across HSS domains to inform targets for UME training and assessment. Method Authors performed a single-institution qualitative study using transcribed phone interviews with eligible Vanderbilt residency program directors, associate program directors, and core faculty. Participants described observations of successful residents within each HSS domain. Two researchers independently coded, discussed, and reconciled deidentified transcripts using inductive-deductive approaches to identify themes. Results Seventeen faculty participated across specialties (17/39, 45%). Faculty responses emphasize precurricular experiences including professional degrees, work experience, extracurriculars, and medical school exposure. Importantly, successful residents exhibit foundational core workforce characteristics including growth mindset, curiosity, and a desire to learn about systems. GME faculty identified HSS domain-specific skills, noting distinctions among learning environments. Outcomes resulting from residents' application of HSS concepts include delivering high-quality, person-centered care and systems improvements. Conclusions Descriptions of successful practice within HSS domains highlight preparatory experiences and core workforce characteristics and outline entry-level HSS behaviors. Conceptualized in a logic model framework, these findings describe key inputs, learning activities, outputs, and outcomes for systems-prepared entering residents bridging the UME-GME transition.
A Delay-Based Wake-Up Receiver for Wireless Sensor Networks

One of the main limitations in the design of wireless sensor networks is the optimization of the power management. A possible solution is the implementation of wake-up receivers (WuRxs), which activate the sensor nodes from deep sleep only when communication is required. The majority of WuRxs presents complex architectures based on amplifiers, comparators and demodulators. In this work we propose a new low power WuRx concept based on complementary circuitry. The proposed WuRx receives and measures the width of the input signal with different predefined signal pulse widths using delay lines. If the received signal resembles the correct wake-up call, i.e. it has the right duty cycles, it sequentially activates the WuRx and wakes up the sensor node. A possible circuit implementation in TSMC-180nm CMOS process is reported. The simulation results confirm the proposed delay comparison mechanism. The WuRx consumes 35µA when receiving a 12ms selective wake-up call signal, and 337nA when in the idle mode.
Promotion Decision Models

This is a state of the art summary of the promotion-re- lated decision model literature of the past three decades and the early 1990's. The authors begin by presenting a new four group taxonomy of model types that have potentially universal application. This is followed by a discussion of the division of the modeling literature considering retailing and nonretailing situations. An examination of . individual models classified according to promotional mix variable emphasized is then discussed. Finally, a comprehensive discussion of implications for future research, particularly in the areas of short- fall, is offered. A total of over 130 references are included.
Abstract 15758: High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Can Produce Noninvasive Myocardial Infarction in Mice

High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) can destroy biological tissue at specific focal depths without affecting intervening anatomical structures. We have used a custom ultrasound instrument coupled to a stereotactic targeting frame, in a non-surgical, external application of a 1.1 MHz HIFU transducer in order to target the aortic root to disrupt blood flow in the Left Anterior Descending coronary artery, effectively inducing a myocardial infarction. The optimized ultrasound parameters include 20 cycles with an energy equaling a mechanical index (MI) of ~13. This flexible and customizable HIFU-based ultrasound platform permits a more physiological infarction model in mice than is presently available using invasive surgical techniques. The advantages of this approach include avoiding the trauma of intubation, thoracotomy, and direct manipulation of the heart. We expect that this approach will improve the speed of recovery, reduce mortality, and more closely recapitulate the situation of myocardial infarction in human patients. Recognizing the novelty of the method we compared it to conventional LAD ligation. This new technique produces similar infarctions, evaluated by ECG, echocardiography, and histology. This nonsurgical approach to myocardial infarction should be useful in a broad range of cardiac investigations.
The characters of the generalized Steinberg representations of finite general linear groups on the regular elliptic set

Let k be a finite field, k Ik the degree n extension of k, and G = GLn(k) the general linear group with entries in k. This paper studies the "generalized Steinberg" (GS) representationis of G and proves the equivalence of several different characterizations for this class of representations. As our main result we show that the union of the class of cuspidal and GS representations of G is in natural one-one correspondence with the set of Galois orbits of characters of kx, the regular orbits of course corresponding to the cuspidal representations. Besides using Green's character formulas to define GS representations, we characterize GS representations by associating to them idempotents in certain commuting algebras corresponding to parabolic inductions and by showing that GS representations are the sole components of these induced representations which are "generic" (have Whittaker vectors). Let k = Fq be a finite field of cardinality q, let kIkm Ik be,_ respectively, an algebraic closure of k and the degree rm extension of k contained in k. Let q x _ Xq denote the Frobenius automorphism of klk and of any subextension km1k. Let G = GL (k) be the group of non-singular n x n matrices with entries in k. Also write Gm = GLrn(k) for any m > 1. In a signally important paper published in 1955 [GR] J. A. Green showed how to calculate formulas for the irreducible characters of G. In Green's work appeared for the first time general character formulas for the cuspidal representations and for a family of "generalized Steinberg" (GS) representations. For their study of the "level zero" discrete series characters of unit groups of simple algebras over a p-adic field the authors need diverse characterizations of cuspidal and GS characters of finite general linear groups and to be able to pass between these different characterizations. In this paper we give these characterizar tions and prove their equivalence. It is fruitful to view the set of GS representatio:ns as a class of representations of G which contains the class of cuspidal representations as a subelass. Of course the cusp form property, the propert;y of not being a component of Ind u 1 for any unipotent radical U :& (I) of a parabolic subgroup of G, clearly distinguishes the class of cuspidal representations from all other representations of G. However, other important properties which are usually associated to the class of cuspidal representations generalize to the union of the two classes of representations of C. Received by the editors May 26, 1997 and, in revised form, April 18, 1998 and June 26, 1998. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 22E50, 11T24.
Spiral waves in Saturn's rings

Spiral density waves and spiral bending waves have been observed at dozens of locations within Saturn's rings. These waves are excited by resonant gravitational perturbations from moons orbiting outside the ring system. Modeling of spiral waves yields the best available estimates for the mass and the thickness of Saturn's ring system. Angular momentum transport due to spiral density waves may cause significant orbital evolution of Saturn's rings and inner moons. Similar angular momentum transfer may occur in other astrophysical systems such as protoplanetary disks, binary star systems with disks and spiral galaxies with satellites.
On predictors of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

The clinical diagnostic hallmark of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is unexplained cardiac hypertrophy, commonly found on an echocardiogram and in unfortunate occasions, in an autopsy. The latter is most tragic as HCM, a relatively common disease [(1)][1]often presenting with sudden cardiac death