cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fast Supercapacitors Based on Graphene-Bridged V2O3/VOx Core–Shell Nanostructure Electrodes with a Power Density of 1 MW kg−1

Transition metal oxides (TMOs), with their very large pseudocapacitance effect, hold promise for next generation high-energy-density electrochemical supercapacitors (ECs). However, the typical high resistivity of TMOs restricts the reported ECs to work at a low charge–discharge (C–D) rate of 0.1–1 V s−1. Here, a novel vanadium oxides core/shell nanostructure-based electrode to overcome the resistivity challenge of TMOs for rapid pseudocapacitive EC design is reported. Quasi-metallic V2O3 nanocores are dispersed on graphene sheets for electrical connection of the whole structure, while a naturally formed amorphous VO2 and V2O5 (called as VOx here) thin shell around V2O3 nanocore acts as the active pseudocapacitive material. With such a graphene-bridged V2O3/VOx core–shell composite as electrode material, ECs with a C–D rate as high as 50 V s−1 is demonstrated. This high rate was attributed to the largely enhanced conductivity of this unique structure and a possibly facile redox mechanism. Such an EC can provide 1000 kW kg−1 power density at an energy density of 10 Wh kg−1. At the critical 45° phase angle, these ECs have a measured frequency of 114 Hz. All these indicate the graphene-bridged V2O3/VOx core–shell structure is promising for fast EC development.
A Longitudinal Study of Equipment Leasing in the U.S. Lodging Industry

ABSTRACT This paper examines the current equipment leasing practices in the U.S. lodging industry and compares these practices to leasing practices in the U.S. lodging industry in 2000 as identified in an earlier study by Schmidgall and Upneja (2001). It compares the features of leases that make them attractive for today's hotel companies with the features that made leases attractive in 2000. In the previous study Schmidgall and Upneja revealed the major reasons for leasing included protection from obsolescence, securing tax advantages, and ensuring uniform cash outflows. For the current study, a similar questionnaire was sent to 500 members of HFTP associated with the lodging industry. This time, the researchers found that the major reasons for leasing are (1) to keep upgrading equipment, (2) to protect against obsolescence, and (3) to lower down payments.
Nanomanufacturing with DNA Origami: Factors Affecting the Kinetics and Yield of Quantum Dot Binding

Molecularly directed self-assembly has the potential to become a nanomanufacturing technology if the critical factors governing the kinetics and yield of defect-free self-assembled structures can be understood and controlled. The kinetics of streptavidin-functionalized quantum dots binding to biontinylated DNA origami are quantitatively evaluated and to what extent the reaction rate and binding efficiency are controlled by the valency of the binding location, the biotin linker length, and the organization, and spacing of the binding locations on the DNA is shown. Yield improvement is systematically determined as a function of the valency of the binding locations and as a function of the quantum dot spacing. In addition, the kinetic studies show that the binding rate increases with increasing linker length, but that the yield saturates at the same level for long incubation times. The forward and backward reaction rate coefficients are determined using a nonlinear least squares fit to the measured binding kinetics, providing considerable physical insight into the factors governing this type of self-assembly process. It is found that the value of the dissociation constant, Kd, for the DNA–nanoparticle complex considered here is up to seven orders of magnitude larger than that of the native biotin–streptavidin complex. This difference is attributed to the combined effect that the much larger size of the DNA origami and the quantum dot have on the translational and rotational diffusion constants.
The relationship of axial strain induced by cyclic torsion to metal stability and fatigue failure in Ti-6A1-4V

Abstract The alloy Ti-6Al-4V was cycled with reversed torsional strains. The torsional strain amplitudes were all below the yield strain (pseudoelastic fatigue); therefore, plastic deformation is small and the conventional techniques for studying fatigue in plastic metals are ineffective. However, it was observed that the second order axial strain accumulation “Ronay effect” can be used to monitor the metal during fatigue. At a torsional strain amplitude of about ± 0.005, the axial strain accumulation began to increase rapidly. It was observed that the cycles to failure vs strain amplitude curve changes from ( S ) type to ( H ) type at strains of about 0.005. The axial strain accumulation and the knee of the fatigue life curve appear to be related. The observed results are explained by assuming that the knee, which occurs at strains well below yield, results from inelastic deformation at the grain and phase boundaries. A test with a single specimen showed that the point of increasing axial strain accumulation could also be located by continually increasing the torsional strain amplitude.
Feasibility of Implementing a Web-Based Education Program in Geriatric Pain and Depression for Home Health Care Nurses:

Despite a major shift in the care of older adults from acute care to home health, few home health care nurses are adequately prepared to manage the complex needs of geriatric patients. This study examined the feasibility of a web-based education program to help nurses improve their treatment of geriatric pain and depression. Nurses’ knowledge, confidence, and attitudes were assessed before and 3 months after a web-based education program. Nurses randomized to the experimental group showed significant improvement in attitudes 3 months after the intervention, however little long-term retention of knowledge. This study showed it is feasible to perform web-based geriatric training to nurses in home health care, though it needs to be accompanied by structural and procedural changes in care for long-term success.
Surgical management of stress urinary incontinence: A rational approach to treatment selection.

There are a number of operative approaches to correct stress urinary incontinence (SUI). There is clearly not one procedure that “fits all.” This review provides a summary of key available data comparing the various interventions. These findings are then incorporated into an algorithm, which attempts to outline a rational approach to select the most appropriate procedures in women seeking surgical treatment of SUI.
Rapid decrease in Martian crustal magnetization in the Noachian era: Implications for the dynamo and climate of early Mars

[1] The magnetic signatures and crater retention ages of the 19 largest (>1000 km diameter) impact basins on Mars are examined to constrain the history of the acquisition of crustal magnetization during the Noachian era. The 5 most clearly impact-demagnetized basins are younger than the 14 basins within which lies substantially re-magnetized crust. Poisson analysis shows that the most likely time of this magnetization cessation was 4.115–4.13 Ga (model age) and that it occurred quickly, taking less than 20 Ma. A global decrease in effective crustal magnetic susceptibility due, e.g., to a decrease in the rate of hydrothermal alteration, is one possible explanation. Alternatively, the cessation of post-impact magnetization reflects the rapid death of the Martian dynamo.
THERMAL DISPERSION FROM A LINE SOURCE IN THE SHEARLESS TURBULENCE MIXING LAYER

We experimentally investigate dispersion from a heated line source placed in the central region of a turbulence mixing layer. Recently described by Veeravalli & Warhaft (1989) the mixing layer has no mean shear and consists of gradients in the velocity variance and scale; it is formed from a composite grid of constant solidity from which two distinct velocity scales are formed, one on either side of the stream. Mixing is effected by intermittent turbulent penetration and diffusion. The dispersion measurements were carried out in the convective regime where both plume flapping and fine-scale turbulent mixing play a role, the latter becoming more dominant as the plume evolves. The mean and variance temperature profiles are strongly skewed (with larger tails on the low turbulence side of the flow) in the earlier stages of the plume development. Here, in the convective range, the median and peak of the mean plume are deflected toward the large-scale region. As the flow evolves the profiles become more symmetrical but as the plume enters the turbulent diffusive stage there is evidence that the profiles again became asymmetric but now with longer tails in the high turbulence side of the flow (owing to the higher diffusivity). The temperature variance and heat flux budgets are highly asymmetric but tend to exhibit many of the characteristics of the budget of a line source in decaying homogeneous grid turbulence which is also presented here. However, a distinct region of negative production (counter-gradient heat flux) is found in the temperature variance budget and this is shown to be a consequence of the asymmetry of the transverse velocity probability density function in the mixing layer. Temperature spectra, both of the time series and of the intermittency function, across the plume are described. They are shown to peak at high wavenumbers in the centre and edge of the plume and at lower wavenumbers in the intermediate region. Their form is shown to change as the plume develops fine-scale structure and flapping becomes less important.
Spatial attributes, scale, and species traits determine caddisfly distributional responses to flooding

AbstractWe compared densities of the caddisflies Ironoquia punctatissima (Walker) and Neophylax mitchelli (Carpenter) in microhabitats (cobbles, leaf litter, bedrock) nested within pool and run macrohabitats with different bedforms (stony [cobble-dominated] or flat bedrock) before and immediately after 4 floods in a north-central Ohio intermittent stream. Our goal was to identify which microhabitat and macrohabitat types acted as flow refugia. Ironoquia densities were highest on leaf litter in stony pools prior to floods. Flooding significantly lowered larval densities in stony and bedrock pools, where most leaf litter occurred, but not in runs. The most marked changes in pre- and postflood Ironoquia densities occurred in leaf litter, where densities decreased by ∼65 to 97% in 3 of 4 floods. In contrast, preflood densities of Neophylax were highest in bedrock runs and pools. However, floods significantly decreased Neophylax densities in these macrohabitats, suggesting bedrock macrohabitats provided larvae...
Genetic diversity among watermelon (Citrullus lanatus and Citrullus colocynthis) accessions

Genetic diversity was estimated among 42 U.S. PlantIntroduction (PI) accessions of the genusCitrullus (of these, 34 PIs are reported tohave disease resistance), and 5 watermelon cultivars, using 30RAPD primers. These primers produced 662 RAPD markers that could berated with high confidence. Based on these markers, geneticsimilarity coefficients were calculated and a dendrogram wasconstructed using the unweighted pair-group method witharithmetic average (UPGMA). The analysis delineated threemajor clusters. The first cluster consisted of a group of fivewatermelon cultivars, a group of C.lanatus var. lanatusaccessions, and a group of C.lanatus var. lanatusaccessions that contained some C.lanatus var. citroidesgenes. The second cluster consisted of the C.lanatus var. citroidesaccessions, while the third cluster consisted of theC. colocynthis accessions.The two C. lanatus clustersdifferentiated from each other and from the C.colocynthis cluster at the level of 58.8%and 38.9% genetic similarity, respectively. Assessment ofgenetic diversity among accessions that have been reported to havedisease resistance indicated that resistance to either anthracnose,downy mildew, powdery mildew, or watermelon mosaic virus is foundamong all major groups of Citrullus PIs.Additionally, resistance to gummy stem blight or Fusarium wilt mayexist among C. lanatus var.citroides PIs. This study demonstrates thatmolecular markers can be useful in assessing genetic diversity, andin sorting Citrullus PIs into phylogeneticgroups prior to their evaluation for disease or pestresistance.
Who, What, When, Where, How, and Why: The Ingredients in the Recipe for a Successful Methods Section

In a prior article on abstracts I discussed the need, when writing a paper, to tell the story by answering questions. If I extended that concept by asking what question(s) the Methods section of a paper answers, the first response that comes to my mind is “How did I perform the study?” Yet “how” is just one of the main ingredients in the recipe for a successful Methods section. An informative Methods section also starts with 1 part what , 1 part when , 1 part where , 1 part who , and 1 part why . As with any recipe, the proportions of each can be modified to taste, depending on the study type and journal format, but each must be added lest someone notice that something seems to be missing from the final product. The Methods section is also called the Materials and Methods, Patients and Methods, Study Design, or Experimental section. The goals of this section are to allow readers to (a) understand how and why the experiments were performed, (b) better understand the remainder of the paper and how the results and conclusions derived from the experiments, (c) be able to reproduce the study with an expectation of success, and (d) acknowledge that the results and conclusions are valid based on the strength of the methods and study design. Making sure to include the important details about who , what , when , where , how , and why in the study can help achieve these goals. I have listed in Table 1⇓ some example questions that, depending on the study, might be important to answer for the reader. In the remainder of this article I discuss other important ingredients that can help you develop a winning recipe for your Methods sections. View this table: Table 1. Who, what, when, …
Nephele: genotyping via complete composition vectors and MapReduce

Current sequencing technology makes it practical to sequence many samples of a given organism, raising new challenges for the processing and interpretation of large genomics data sets with associated metadata. Traditional computational phylogenetic methods are ideal for studying the evolution of gene/protein families and using those to infer the evolution of an organism, but are less than ideal for the study of the whole organism mainly due to the presence of insertions/deletions/rearrangements. These methods provide the researcher with the ability to group a set of samples into distinct genotypic groups based on sequence similarity, which can then be associated with metadata, such as host information, pathogenicity, and time or location of occurrence. Genotyping is critical to understanding, at a genomic level, the origin and spread of infectious diseases. Increasingly, genotyping is coming into use for disease surveillance activities, as well as for microbial forensics. The classic genotyping approach has been based on phylogenetic analysis, starting with a multiple sequence alignment. Genotypes are then established by expert examination of phylogenetic trees. However, these traditional single-processor methods are suboptimal for rapidly growing sequence datasets being generated by next-generation DNA sequencing machines, because they increase in computational complexity quickly with the number of sequences. Nephele is a suite of tools that uses the complete composition vector algorithm to represent each sequence in the dataset as a vector derived from its constituent k-mers by passing the need for multiple sequence alignment, and affinity propagation clustering to group the sequences into genotypes based on a distance measure over the vectors. Our methods produce results that correlate well with expert-defined clades or genotypes, at a fraction of the computational cost of traditional phylogenetic methods run on traditional hardware. Nephele can use the open-source Hadoop implementation of MapReduce to parallelize execution using multiple compute nodes. We were able to generate a neighbour-joined tree of over 10,000 16S samples in less than 2 hours. We conclude that using Nephele can substantially decrease the processing time required for generating genotype trees of tens to hundreds of organisms at genome scale sequence coverage.
Two cryptic and sympatric species of Philinopsis (Cephalaspidea: Aglajidae) in the Bahamas distinguished using molecular and anatomical data

Sequence data of nuclear and mitochondrial genes obtained from specimens of Philinopsis collected in the Bahamas revealed two genetically distinct groups. Further examination of the shell and male reproductive morphology revealed consistent anatomical differences between them, corroborating that they are distinct species. The two species also display consistent differences in external morphology and colour pattern that became evident only after the molecular information was analysed. A review of the literature suggests that one of the species is Philinopsis petra, a widespread species in the Caribbean and northern Brazil, whereas the other is described here as a new species. Although both are sympatric in the Bahamas, they appear to be ecologically analogous, suggesting that they might have speciated allopatrically.
Neuronal white matter parcellation using spatially coherent normalized cuts

This work presents an automated method for partitioning neuronal white matter (WM) into regions of interest with uniform WM architecture. These regions can then be used to replace atlas-derived regions for any subsequent statistical analysis. The fiber orientation distribution function is used as a model of WM architecture resulting in a voxel similarity function sensitive to both fiber orientations and configurations. The method utilizes the normalized cuts algorithm to partition WM voxels based on this similarity function along with a connected component labeling algorithm to ensure spatial compactness. We illustrate the algorithms ability to discern regions based on both orientation and complexity through its application to a simulated fiber crossing and an in-vivo dataset.
FPGA based sliding mode control for high frequency power converters

Virtual prototyping is essentially the process of incremental substitution of real hardware for simulation models as the individual parts of hardware become available. In this paper a standard, wide-bandwidth electrical power interface is presented. The interface will use high-switching-speed power switches, ultra fast ADC converters and a FPGA platform. The high switching speed of the power switches makes it possible to achieve extremely high closed-loop bandwidth, but it requires additional effort in control development. For this reason a discrete-time version of the sliding mode control algorithm is implemented and tested.
Emissions of volatile organic compounds inferred from airborne flux measurements over a megacity

Abstract. Toluene and benzene are used for assessing the ability to measure disjunct eddy covariance (DEC) fluxes of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) using Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) on aircraft. Statistically significant correlation between vertical wind speed and mixing ratios suggests that airborne VOC eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements using PTR-MS are feasible. City-median midday toluene and benzene fluxes are calculated to be on the order of 14.1±4.0 mg/m2/h and 4.7±2.3 mg/m2/h, respectively. For comparison the adjusted CAM2004 emission inventory estimates toluene fluxes of 10 mg/m2/h along the footprint of the flight-track. Wavelet analysis of instantaneous toluene and benzene measurements during city overpasses is tested as a tool to assess surface emission heterogeneity. High toluene to benzene flux ratios above an industrial district (e.g. 10–15 g/g) including the International airport (e.g. 3–5 g/g) and a mean flux (concentration) ratio of 3.2±0.5 g/g (3.9±0.3 g/g) across Mexico City indicate that evaporative fuel and industrial emissions play an important role for the prevalence of aromatic compounds. Based on a tracer model, which was constrained by BTEX (BTEX– Benzene/Toluene/Ethylbenzene/m, p, o-Xylenes) compound concentration ratios, the fuel marker methyl-tertiary-butyl-ether (MTBE) and the biomass burning marker acetonitrile (CH3CN), we show that a combination of industrial, evaporative fuel, and exhaust emissions account for >87% of all BTEX sources. Our observations suggest that biomass burning emissions play a minor role for the abundance of BTEX compounds in the MCMA (2–13%).
A formação do capital social na América Central: violência política, repressão, dor e perda

State repression seeks to dissuade citizens from opposing the regime and its programs, and to bend civil society and social capital to regime purposes. Such repression may range from lesser forms of coercion and intimidation to the extreme infliction of physical pain upon citizens. Insurgents, too, may repress and inflict pain upon citizens and thus shape their behavior and attitudes. Central American states and their opponents in the 1980s and early 1990s employed widely varying levels of repression and political violence. Individuals within these nations differentially perceived violence and experienced varying levels of pain and loss stemming from it. Using 1990s survey data from six Central American nations to examine the effects of repression, perceived political violence, and resultant pain and loss upon social capital, we find that repression at the systemic level and the perception of political violence significantly affect civil society (group involvement) and varieties of social capital (political participation, democratic and antidemocratic norms, alienation from elections, and willingness to employ confrontational political tactics). The effects of pain and loss are less clear. While repression seeks to constrain participation and mold compliant norms, its effects in Central America are complex and sometimes inconsistent with such goals because it promotes increased communal level organization and certain confrontational forms of social capital.
Radiative characteristic of on-chip terahertz (THz) structures

There are possibilities for producing narrow-band THz radiation, using either free or bound electrons (solid state), in micro-undulatory configurations because integrated circuit technology appears well matched to this region, which extends from about 300 GHz to 30 THz. We present electromagnetic simulations for various new on-chip THz configurations. Interference effects are studied in terms of both structural shape and tuning parameters to improve output intensity, bandwidth and directionality. Results imply that we can design an efficient THz radiator by tuning the phases of the EM-waves propagating from the different sections of the structure. Results are validated by comparing two independent calculations from the developed FDTD code and a commercial finite-element code (HFSS); they agree quite well. We concentrate mainly on the radiative characteristics and determine whether the underlying electromagnetic assumptions are sound.
Effects of avertin versus xylazine-ketamine anesthesia on cardiac function in normal mice

Anesthetic regimens commonly administered during studies that assess cardiac structure and function in mice are xylazine-ketamine (XK) and avertin (AV). While it is known that XK anesthesia produces more bradycardia in the mouse, the effects of XK and AV on cardiac function have not been compared. We anesthetized normal adult male Swiss Webster mice with XK or AV. Transthoracic echocardiography and closed-chest cardiac catheterization were performed to assess heart rate (HR), left ventricular (LV) dimensions at end diastole and end systole (LVDd and LVDs, respectively), fractional shortening (FS), LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), the time constant of isovolumic relaxation (tau), and the first derivatives of LV pressure rise and fall (dP/dt(max) and dP/dt(min), respectively). During echocardiography, HR was lower in XK than AV mice (250 +/- 14 beats/min in XK vs. 453 +/- 24 beats/min in AV, P 300 beats/min, P 300 beats/min, P 300 beats/min, P < 0.05) function were impaired. Compared with AV, XK produces profound bradycardia with effects on loading conditions and ventricular function. The disparate findings at echocardiography and LV catheterization underscore the importance of comprehensive assessment of LV function in the mouse.
Identification of a novel mechanism of regulation of the adherens junction by E1A, Rac1, and cortical actin filaments that contributes to tumor progression.

Transformation progression toward more malignant behavior often results from a loss of epithelial cell behavior, especially cell-cell adhesion. E1A cooperates with ras to transform primary epithelial cells such that they maintain epithelial cell differentiation, including the proper localization of adherens junctions (AJs). Second exon mutants of EIA 12S cooperate with ras to produce a more aggressively transformed phenotype, termed hypertransformation, that includes the loss of adhesion. Such hypertransformation can also be achieved by the addition of activated Raci to cells expressing wild-type EIA and ras, suggesting that actin reorganization may be important for the hypertransformed phenotype. Primary epfthelial cells expressing hypertransforming mutants of EIA or Vl2Racl exhibit the loss of cortical actin filaments. In these cells, AJ complexes do not incorporate acatenin, fail to associate with the cytoskeleton, and fail to localize to the plasma membrane, resulting in the destabilization of the AJ components and a loss of function. Loss of these epithelial cell characteristics predisposes these cells to a more malignant phenotype due to the loss of cell-cell adhesion. Taken together, these results suggest a novel mechanism of regulation
The I*(2P1/2)−I*(2P1/2) Contact Pair Emission in Condensed Media: A Molecular Spring-Gauge for Cavity Sizing†

The I*I*(0g + ) f I*I(B(0u + )) emission spectra obtained in neat Ar, Kr, Xe, and in mixed Kr/Xe matrixes is reported. The emission from the strictly cage-bound initial state shifts linearly with Kr/Xe mixing fraction, without significant change in spectral width. The line shapes in mixed-hosts are understood in terms of the statistics of sites in the solid solutions. The pure-host line shapes are reproduced through Monte Carlo simulations using accurately known I-Rg potentials. The analysis yields a refined I*I* potential and provides a calibration curve to readout the cavity size of isolation from the observed emission peak shift.
Regulation of pyrimidine nucleotide formation in Pseudomonas reptilivora.

Aims: To study the regulation of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas reptilivora ATCC 14836. Methods and Results: The pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway enzymes were assayed in extracts of Ps. reptilivora ATCC 14836 cells and of cells from an auxotroph lacking aspartate transcarbamoylase activity. Pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway enzyme activities in ATCC 14836 were influenced by the addition of pyrimidine bases to the culture medium with orotic acid addition inducing dihydroorotase activity. Pyrimidine starvation of the transcarbamoylase mutant strain increased its de novo enzyme activities suggesting that the de novo pathway was also subject to repression by a pyrimidine-related compound. Aspartate transcarbamoylase activity in ATCC 14836 was inhibited in vitro by pyrophosphate and ATP. Conclusions: Regulation of pyrimidine biosynthesis in Ps. reptilivora was observed at the level of enzyme synthesis and at the level of activity for aspartate transcarbamoylase. Its regulation of enzyme synthesis seemed to be more highly controlled than what was observed in the related species Ps. fluorescens. Significance and Impact of the Study: This investigation found that pyrimidine biosynthesis is controlled in Ps. reptilivora. This could prove helpful to future studies exploring its pathogenicity.
Quality indicators for prevention and management of pressure ulcers in vulnerable elders

Pressure ulcers can lead to pain, disfigurement, and slow recovery from comorbid conditions. They interfere with activities of daily living, predispose to osteomyelitis and septicemia, and are stro...
A Cochlear Implant Signal Processing Lab: Exploration of a Problem-Based Learning Exercise

This paper presents an introductory signal processing laboratory and examines this laboratory exercise in the context of problem-based learning (PBL). Centered in a real-world application, a cochlear implant, the exercise challenged students to demonstrate a working software-based signal processor. Partnering in groups of two or three, second-year electrical and computer engineering and biomedical engineering students used MATLAB graphical user interface programs, complemented with their own original MATLAB code, to design filters suitable for achieving a filter bank decomposition of an audio signal. Rather than using the envelope-detected output for direct electrical stimulation of auditory nerve fibers as in an implant, the students reconstructed the signal by modulating sinusoids to yield an acoustic simulation. To appreciate the impact of filter order on sound intelligibility, students were asked to reconstruct signals using 4-16 filter channels for both speech and music and to examine the results critically. The lab served as a substrate upon which to solidify fundamental signal processing concepts such as the distinction between time and frequency domains, constructing and interpreting spectrograms, sampling, spectral decomposition, filtering, and reconstruction. In the spirit of PBL, the students examined engineering tradeoffs and discussed implementations when they were asked to consider realizing a significantly higher channel count (128-channel) device. To determine how the laboratory exercise impacted student learning and comprehension, as well as the level of student engagement achieved with this compelling application, an anonymous online survey was administered at the end of the course. The survey outcomes, as well as the components of the lab, are discussed in the context of PBL pedagogy.
Gender and “Other People's Money”: An Analysis of White-Collar Offender Sentencing

Although the female share of white-collar crime arrests (e.g., fraud, forgery, and embezzlement) continues to increase, little is known about the nature of women's involvement in these offenses, or the extent to which the legal treatment of white-collar offenders differs by gender. Using national survey data on employee crime, the present research addresses these voids in the literature. Consistent with prior research, women's roles in fraud offending are restricted by their positions in the organizational hierarchy. In support of the focal concerns perspective, results show that the decision to incarcerate and length of sentence are primarily shaped by indicators of offender blameworthiness. Findings reported here contribute to the literature on gender and white-collar crime, and also extend the growing body of focal concerns research to a previously unexplored sentencing context.
DSN Antenna Array Architectures Based on Future NASA Mission Needs

A flexible method of parametric, full life-cycle cost analysis has been combined with data on NASA's future communication needs to estimate the required number and operational dates of new antennas for the Deep Space Network (DSN). The requirements were derived from a subset of missions in the Integrated Mission Set database of NASA's Space Communications Architecture Working Group. Assuming that no new antennas are "constructed", the simulation shows that the DSN is unlikely to meet more than 20% of mission requirements by 2030. Minimum full life-cycle costs result when antennas in the diameter range, 18 m-34 m, are constructed. Architectures using a mixture of antenna diameters produce a slightly lower full life-cycle cost.
3D Endovaginal Imaging of the Anorectal Structures

The posterior compartment of the female pelvic floor can be easily visualized with 3D ultrasound techniques. In this chapter, we will discuss the use of 2D transperineal and 3D endovaginal ultrasound for imaging of this compartment. Techniques, equipment, and normal anatomy will be briefly reviewed. Detailed review of specific clinical conditions, including rectocele, enterocele, and intussusception, is included, as well as a brief discussion on the use of 3D endovaginal imaging to identify and characterize the presence of mesh in this compartment. Finally, we will review the use of functional imaging to identify both prolapse and pelvic floor dyssynergia.
Excerpt from Volume One of William K.S. Wang & Marc I. Steinberg, 'Insider Trading' (Practising Law Institute) (Second Edition 2006)

Professors Marc I. Steinberg and William K.S. Wang have coauthored the Second Edition of their Insider Trading Treatise published by The Practsing Law Institute. The Treatise provides in depth analysis of the law of insider trading. An excerpt from Chapter One of the Treatise follows and is reprinted with permission of the Practising Law Institute.
Effectiveness of Interventions to Increase Physical Activity Among Minority Populations: An Umbrella Review

Abstract Purpose Numerous interventions have been tested to increase physical activity (PA) among minority adults, and several review papers have examined the results from these studies. The primary purpose of this umbrella review is to summarize evidence from existing reviews regarding effectiveness of PA interventions in minority populations. Procedures Searches were conducted in five electronic databases to identify English-language articles reviewing the effects of interventions to increase PA in minority adults living in the United States. Reviews that met the inclusion criteria were critically assessed using umbrella review procedures. Review quality was assessed using the PRISMA statement and checklist. Findings Twenty-two reviews fulfilled inclusion criteria. The sample included one meta-analysis, 11 integrated reviews, and 10 narrative reviews published between 1998 and 2012. The reviews documented modest improvements in PA with considerable variation in intervention effectiveness across primary studies. Integrative reviews generally were of higher overall quality than narrative reviews with regard to fulfilling PRISMA criteria. Conclusions Integrated and narrative reviews were unable to validly determine the characteristics of effective interventions. Future reviews should employ meta-analytic methods in order to quantitatively identify those intervention characteristics that are most likely to increase PA behavior in minority adults.
Mechanisms of the annual cycling of organic-matrix collagen from spicules of the gorgonian Leptogorgia virgulata

The insoluble organic matrix fraction from the spicules of the gorgonian Leptogorgia virgulata cycles annually. That is, in the summer, this fraction is predominantly collagenous while in the winter, collagen is largely absent. The mechanisms by which cycling occurs have been examined. It appears that spicules become etched and breaches form, probably via acidification and subsequent decalcification. Acidificationat the periphery of winter spicules, and presumably subsequent decalcification, has been verified using acridine orange. The internal organic matrix now becomes exposed to the hydrolytic action of such enzymes as acid phosphatase, which is secreted by secondary sclerocytes and scleroblasts. The digestive enzyme acid phosphatase has been localized throughout the year. In the winter, when the collagen content of spicules is lowest, there was strong labeling for acid phosphatase at the periphery of the spicules, suggesting that the enzyme may be involved in the removal of at least some portion of the organic matrix at this season. The level of enzyme activity in the polyps, heaviest in the fall and variable during the rest of the year, probably reflects seasonal changes in the productivity of the coastal waters in which the gorgonians live. Labeling for acid phosphatase was also strong in the winter in the cortical region of the axis. The enzyme may be digesting collagen that was transported to the axis. Labeling for acid phosphatase in the secondary sclerocytes was at a moderate level throughout the year. Additional key words: Cnidaria, octocoral, calcification, acid phosphatase, decalcification,
Negotiating Access and Tier One Aspirations: The Historical Evolution of a Striving Hispanic-Serving Institution.

This study evaluates the recent move toward Tier One by the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) in light of its historical commitment to serve the largely Hispanic population of South Texas. ...
Abstract 3995: Identification of putative miRNA targets by a systems biological approach in NCI-60 data

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules and on average only 22 nucleotides long that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Target predictions of miRNA based on sequence are limited due to too many candidates resulting in high false positives. To overcome this limitation functional target prediction approaches have been investigated by using mRNA and miRNA expression data. These approaches used in the computational assessment of functional miRNA-target association. However, these approaches with miRNA-mRNA association were not enough to verify real functional targets at protein level, which could affect on biological signaling pathway. Therefore, in order to overcome current limitation we developed a novel correlation-based approach (sequence-independence) that predict the association of miRNAs with signaling pathways by using genomics and proteomics data from NCI-60 cancer cell lines (mRNA, miRNA, and protein expression data). To identify miRNA-protein association, we used two correlation-based methods: direct comparison (miRNA-protein pairs) and indirect comparison (miRNA-mRNA and protein-mRNA pairs), then compared their outputs. In direct comparison, we calculated Pearson correlation coefficients for 96k probe pairs and found over 3 k significant correlated pairs (3.2 %) at the cut-off p-value Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3995. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3995
The effect of economic restructuring on family poverty in the industrial heartland, 1970-1990

Abstract This study examines changes in family poverty in Ohio cities, suburbs and nonmetropolitan counties at the hands of economic restructuring for the periods 1970–1980 and 1980–1990. The restructuring process involves both a loss of manufacturing jobs and an increasing reliance on the service industry for employment. As such, restructuring is conceptualized as a major transformation that is disruptive to the social system, at least in the short run. It is hypothesized that loss of manufacturing jobs increases family poverty, that central city location is associated with greater poverty in comparison to suburbs and nonmetropolitan counties and that gains in service sector employment alleviate family poverty. Results support the manufacturing and location hypotheses. However, the analysis demonstrates that in the later period, increases in service industry employment increased family poverty.
Pyrethroid insecticides for control of European elm bark beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Commercial formulations of four pyrethroid insecticides, fluvalinate (Mavrik), permethrin (Pounce), cypermethrin (Ammo), and esfenvalerate (Asana), were 222-548 times more toxic to European elm bark beetles, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham), than was methoxychlor. Compared with methoxychlor, all of the pyrethroids provided superior protection from twig feeding; two products, cypermethrin and esfenvalerate, killed all beetles contacting sample twigs and prevented twig feeding through an 18-wk period of bioassays after spray. The same two compounds applied to infested elm wood killed all beetles before, or shortly after, they emerged; chlorpyrifos also caused 100%mortality of beetles emerging from brood wood, but its action was not as rapid. The pyrethroids tested could increase the effectiveness of spraying elm crowns to prevent Dutch elm disease. They also could be used to eliminate elm bark beetles as they emerge from brood wood or land on treated surfaces baited with attractants. Potency and durability combined with their low risk to birds and mammals give the pyrethroids excellent potential for the control of other tree pest insects.
Pediatric maxillofacial trauma.

The accurate diagnosis and timely, appropriate treatment of softtissue and bony maxillofacial injuries in children is of critical importance because of the potential adverse impact of maxillofacial trauma on subsequent facial growth and development.
Reactive oxygen species-mediated synergistic and preferential induction of cell death and reduction of clonogenic resistance in breast cancer cells by combined cisplatin and FK228

Safe and effective combination chemotherapy regimens against breast cancer are lacking. We used our cellular system, consisting of the non-cancerous human breast epithelial MCF10A cell line and its derived tumorigenic, oncogenic H-Ras-expressing, MCF10A-Ras cell line, to investigate the effectiveness of a combination chemotherapy regimen in treating breast cancer cells using two FDA-approved agents, cisplatin and FK228. Cisplatin and FK228 significantly, synergistically, and preferentially induced death and reduced drug resistance of MCF10A-Ras versus MCF10A cells. The ERK-Nox-ROS pathway played a major role in both synergistic cell death induction and GSH-level reduction, which contributed to the synergistic suppression of drug resistance in cells. Enhancement of the Ras-ERK-Nox pathway by combined cisplatin and FK228 significantly increased ROS levels, leading to induction of death, reduction of drug resistance, and induction of DNA damage and oxidation in cancerous MCF10A-Ras cells. Furthermore, synergistic induction of cell death and reduction of drug resistance by combined cisplatin and FK228 in breast cells is independent of their estrogen receptor status. Our study suggests that combined cisplatin and FK228 should be considered in clinical trials as a new regimen for therapeutic control of breast cancers.
183 Mobile device use increases odds of self-reported pedestrian crash history among teenagers in US

Background It is hypothesised that distraction caused by mobile device use contributes to the higher rate of pedestrian fatalities among teenagers compared to younger children in the U.S. The purpose of the research was to understand relationships between frequent device use and self-reported pedestrian crash history among teenagers. Results were used to develop targeted interventions. Methods 1,040 teens aged 13 to 18 yrs were surveyed online (n = 964) or through a mobile platform (n = 76) from June 26–July 3, 2014. A quota was set for each age (n = 200), with 17- and 18-yr-olds combined. The survey was comprised of 38 items and 3 open-ended questions. Results 39.9% of respondents reported having been hit or almost hit by a car, bicyclist, or motorcyclist while walking. 70.7% of respondents reported use of a device when walking or crossing ”all of the time,” ”often,” or ”sometimes.” No significant difference was found in self-reported crash history by grade level (p = 0.068), ethnicity (p = 0.059), or race (p = 0.052). However, there was a significant difference in crash history by time spent walking to school (p = 0.000), number of streets crossed (p = 0.014), rural/urban (p = 0.009), walking in the dark (p = 0.000), and frequent device use when walking/crossing (p = 0.000). When controlling for these factors, there was a positive relationship between frequent device use and crash history (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.39, p = 0.006). Findings were used to build the ”Take Action Against Distraction” program, which uses social media and peer-to-peer education to prevent distracted walking among teens. Conclusions Frequent use of mobile devices while walking or crossing the street resulted in increased odds of self-reported crash history among survey respondents.
Patterns of Family Functioning and Diabetes-Specific Conflict in Relation to Glycemic Control and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Youth With Type 1 Diabetes

Objectives General and diabetes-specific family functioning may be associated with youth’s adaptation to type 1 diabetes (T1D); however, empirically derived patterns of family functioning and diabetes-specific conflict among youth have not been explored in relation to T1D adaptation. Methods Youth (N = 161, aged 12–18) with T1D and caregivers completed measures of family functioning and diabetes-specific conflict that served as indicators in latent profile analyses. Differences in glycemic control (measured by hemoglobin A1cs [HbA1c] and health-related quality of life [HRQoL]) were compared across profiles. Results Four profiles that varied by levels of family functioning, diabetes-specific conflict, and congruence between youth and caregiver perspectives emerged and related to T1D adaptation differently. Greater agreement between caregiver and youth and lower diabetes-specific conflict was associated with lower HbA1c and greater HRQoL. Conclusions Person-centered approaches are useful to quantify how many individuals fit into a particular pattern and determine how specific family dynamics may function together differently in relation to T1D adaptation for various subgroups of the population.
Local bumble bee decline linked to recovery of honey bees, drought effects on floral resources

Time series of abundances are critical for understanding how abiotic factors and species interactions affect population dynamics, but are rarely linked with experiments and also scarce for bee pollinators. This gap is important given concerns about declines in some bee species. I monitored honey bee (Apis mellifera) and bumble bee (Bombus spp.) foragers in coastal California from 1999, when feral A. mellifera populations were low due to Varroa destructor, until 2014. Apis mellifera increased substantially, except between 2006 and 2011, coinciding with declines in managed populations. Increases in A. mellifera strongly correlated with declines in Bombus and reduced diet overlap between them, suggesting resource competition consistent with past experimental results. Lower Bombus numbers also correlated with diminished floral resources. Declines in floral abundances were associated with drought and reduced spring rainfall. These results illustrate how competition with an introduced species may interact with climate to drive local decline of native pollinators.
Evaluation of CNN as anthropomorphic model observer

Model observers (MO) are widely used in medical imaging to act as surrogates of human observers in task-based image quality evaluation, frequently towards optimization of reconstruction algorithms. In this paper, we explore the use of convolutional neural networks (CNN) to be used as MO. We will compare CNN MO to alternative MO currently being proposed and used such as the relevance vector machine based MO and channelized Hotelling observer (CHO). As the success of the CNN, and other deep learning approaches, is rooted in large data sets availability, which is rarely the case in medical imaging systems task-performance evaluation, we will evaluate CNN performance on both large and small training data sets.