cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Another Fern Rust of the Genus Desmella

The rusts occurring on the ferns are especially interesting due to the ancestry of the hosts and a seemingly corresponding ancestry of the accompanying rusts. The genus Desmella, founded by Sydow on Uredo Aneimiae P. Henn., is particularly noteworthy, as it represents a very primitive form of the Pucciniaceae. Four species were recognized by Sydow (Ann. Myc. 16: 241. 1918) at the time of establishing the genus, and one other tentatively, but the writer considers
Effect of direct quenching and partitioning treatment on mechanical properties of a hot rolled strip steel

Three different online heat treatment processes were designed to study the effects on the mechanical properties of a 0.19C-1.6Si-1.6Mn (wt%) hot rolled strip steel. The microstructures were characterized by means of SEM, TEM, EPMA, and XRD. The mechanical properties were estimated by tensile tests. Results showed that a satisfying combination of strength and ductility could be obtained through the ferrite relaxation and direct quenching and partitioning process. Analysis was also focused on this process. The microstructure contained proeutectoid ferrite grains, martensite packets and blocky or interlath retained austenite, and also contained carbide-free bainite in the case of relatively high quench temperatures. The retained austenite fraction was increased through proeutectoid ferrite and partial bainite transformation, while the tensile strength was also consequently decreased. The most of retained austenite transformed to ferrite under deformation and the elongation was obviously improved.
Analysis on the Measures of Energy Conservation in Beverage-producing Industry

Energy conservation is the important problem that industry must to face.In order to improve the current state of energy conservation work in beverage-producing industry,many measures were proposed to promote the energy conservation work in aspects of water-saving,electric-saving and coal saving,etc.Based on these,analysis of modification effect was made and profit was obvious.
Incorporating big data in audits: Identifying inhibitors and a research agenda to address those inhibitors

Abstract With corporate investment in Big Data of $34 billion in 2013 growing to $232 billion through 2016 (Gartner 2012), the Big 4 accounting firms are aiming to be at the forefront of Big Data implementations. Notably, they see Big Data as an increasingly essential part of their assurance practice. We argue that while there is a place for Big Data in auditing, its application to auditing is less clear than it is in the other fields, such as marketing and medical research. The objectives of this paper are to: (1) provide a discussion of both the inhibitors of incorporating Big Data into financial statement audits; and (3) present a research agenda to identify approaches to ameliorate those inhibitors.
Beddagama: Dystopia in Ceylon

This was Leonard Woolf’s summing up of the Bloomsbury group’s association, friendship, and philosophy. One of twentieth-century-England’s most remarkable confluences of energies occurred in ‘a rather less respectable address in Bloomsbury’ — 46 Gordon Square — where the ‘Apostolic code of candor’ brought together two young women, ‘beautiful, highly intelligent and somewhat formidable in their aloof sensitivity,’ and a bunch of young men, almost all from Cambridge, where they had belonged to a select club, the Cambridge Conversazione Society, whose elected members were called the Apostles (D’Aquila 6). In age and in aesthetic sensibility, there was much that linked this group: both Vanessa and Virginia Stephen were artists, one a painter and the other a writer, while Lytton Strachey, E. M. Forster, John Maynard Keynes, Clive Bell (who would marry Vanessa), Duncan Grant, and Roger Fry were aesthetes, intellectuals, and idealists of different shades and degrees. In this bunch, Leonard Woolf was as much an insider as he was a marginal figure: Virginia’s first impressions of Leonard give us a partial view of the introspective intellectual: He was as eccentric, as remarkable in his way as Bell and Strachey in theirs. He was a Jew. When I asked why he trembled, Thoby [her brother] somehow made me feel it was part of his nature — he was violent, so savage; he so despised the whole human race …. Most people, I gathered, rather rubbed along, and came to terms with things.
Congenital Fibrosis of Extraocular Muscles

The intracranial and orbital pathology and muscle pathology of chromosome 12-linked congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles are described in 3 affected members of a family in a report from Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and other centers.
Health Services Data: Typology of Health Care Data

Basic Units of Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Individuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Groups/Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Health Care Organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Health Care Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 National Health Care Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Abstract 3215: Microenvironmental impact on breast cancer cell dormancy and drug sensitivity in a 3D model

Solid tumor contains heterogeneous and complex extracellular matrix environment. Tumor phenotypes are highly dependent on complex interactions with the surrounding cells and the ECM. Tumor dormancy is commonly observed clinically, however, the sources of dormant cells are unknown and their biological properties unclear. Recent evidence suggests that tumor residues are always ECM associated. Ioundt is important to replicate in vivo tumor environment with defined extracellular matrix in 3D environment to study tumor cell distinctive states. In this study, we engineered a construct by using transglutaminase crosslinked gelatin to recapitulate the in vivo breast cancer milieu and mimicking distinctive density of breast cancer matrix. First, we found that 3D matrix restriction had significant impacts on proliferation rate, cell morphology, tumoroid size and protein expressions of breast cancer cell MDA-MB-23 when growing in 3D matrices with different stiffness. Besides MDA-MB-231, ten different other tumor cell types were placed in a spectrum of gel conditions and their proliferation profiles have been established. We therefore could setup tumor culture models specifically for proliferative or dormant cells by changing gel concentration or crosslinking rates. Second, we used exogenous collagenase to mimic autocrine or paracrine proteases activity to mimic ECM degradation in dynamic tumor progression. We found that alteration of matrix mechanical restriction by enzyme degradation or ECM deposition could reversibly induce breast cancer cell from dormancy to proliferative or vise versa. Third, we tested the drug sensitivity at different matrix conditions. Both paclitaxel and gemcitabine displayed significant efficacy when cells in the highly proliferative state. However, paclitaxel had strong impact on breaking up tumor clusters but with little effect on inducing their apoptosis. Gemcitabine could diffuse into different size cell clusters to induce apoptosis. When cells were adopted dormant state, they showed less drug sensitivity for both drugs. We further demonstrate that there was no additive effect of paclitaxel and gemcitabine at all tested conditions. In conclusion, we setup a tailorable 3D model to study tumor cell proliferative and dormant states by taking into consideration of cell type preference on ECM conditions. There is an urgent need for tools to reliably and quickly predict responses of patients’ cancers to treatment regimens. With this in vitro drug screening model, it has potential to predict the drugs in single use or in combination effect. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Bo Han, Josephine Fang, Shih-Jye Tan, Yi-Chen Wu. Microenvironmental impact on breast cancer cell dormancy and drug sensitivity in a 3D model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3215. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3215
Two-Dimensional Analysis Code

Analysis of the transonic flow past an airfoil can be based on the partial differential equation $$ \log \,f(\xi ) = \smallint \sqrt {{1 - {M^2}\frac{{dq}}{q}}} - i\theta, \quad \log \,\overline {f(\overline \eta )} = \smallint \sqrt {{1 - {M^2}\frac{{dq}}{q}}} + i\theta $$ for the velocity potential φ. Weak solutions modeling shock waves are calculated by adding artificial viscosity. This can be accomplished with a full conservation form (FCF) of the equation, but a simpler version not in conservation form (NCF) is sometimes more useful [2,9, 10,16,25]. To handle the boundary conditions it is convenient to map the region of flow conformally onto the interior of the unit circle and use polar coordinates r and ω there. The simplest way of introducing artificial viscosity numerically, suggested first by Murman and Cole in a fundamental paper [26], is to use finite difference approximations that are retarded in the direction of the flow. This does not perturb the Neumann boundary condition on φ.
The Imperative to Expand Provision, Access and Use of Misoprostol for Post-Abortion Care in sub-Saharan Africa

The number of maternal deaths due to unsafe abortions has fallen worldwide since the early 1990s. However, the situation in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains a source of great concern for multiple reasons: abortion rates have not fallen, clandestine abortions are common and often deadly, and post-abortion care (PAC) for women experiencing problems from spontaneous or induced abortion remains deficient. Abortion remains largely outlawed nearly everywhere, which pushes the practice into a dangerous and shadowy underground market. This confluence of factors leads to high rates of preventable abortion-related morbidity and mortality.
Characterization of Structural Changes via Lipid Regulation of KIR2.1 in a Lipid Environment

Regulation of ion channel activity occurs through various mechanisms, via small molecule regulators, membrane potential, and specific interaction with lipid molecules. Inward rectifying potassium (Kir) channels conduction is controlled both by small molecules, such as polyamines blocking ion conduction, and lipid molecules that stabilize a conductive state. Advancing molecular understanding of this lipid regulation has been difficult as many structural techniques rely on detergent solubilized channels, which removes specific channel:lipid interaction. FRET, both macroscopically and in single molecules, can help surmount this issue, providing measurements of structural and dynamic changes induced by lipid regulation in a membrane environment. We have used macroscopic FRET to measure lipid specific structural changes in Kir2.1 in liposomes of defined composition. We have optimized purification and fluorophore labeling of the human Kir2.1 channel, which are reconstituted into liposomes of various lipid composition. We have measured PIP2-dependent FRET changes at numerous sites, which indicate structural movements of the intracellular domain of Kir2.1 upon PIP2 binding. This work specifically investigates how movements of the slide helix contribute to activation of the channel. Further efforts will help to define the molecular details of bulk anionic lipid and PIP2-dependent structural dynamics of Kir2.1 and help to understand more generally how lipid-protein interactions regulate membrane protein function.
Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A Multimodal Approach.

Despite its declining incidence, gastric cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. A multimodal approach to gastric cancer is critical to ensure optimal patient outcomes. Pre-therapy fine resolution contrast-enhanced cross-sectional imaging, endoscopic ultrasound and staging laparoscopy play an important role in patients with newly diagnosed ostensibly operable gastric cancer to avoid unnecessary non-therapeutic laparotomies. Currently, margin negative gastrectomy and adequate lymphadenectomy performed at high volume hospitals remain the backbone of gastric cancer treatment. Importantly, adequate gastric cancer surgery should be integrated in the setting of a multimodal treatment approach. Treatment for advanced gastric cancer continues to expand with the emergence of additional lines of systemic and targeted therapies.
No More "Magic Aprons": Longitudinal Assessment and Continuous Improvement of Customer Service at the University of North Dakota Libraries.

The University of North Dakota (UND) Libraries have developed a multi-award winning Customer Service Program (CSP) involving longitudinal assessment and continuous improvement. The CSP consists of ...
Multifaceted Defense against Listeria monocytogenes in the Gastro-Intestinal Lumen

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can cause febrile gastroenteritis in healthy subjects and systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals. Despite the high prevalence of L. monocytogenes in the environment and frequent contamination of uncooked meat and poultry products, infections with this pathogen are relatively uncommon, suggesting that protective defenses in the general population are effective. In the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, a variety of defense mechanisms prevent L. monocytogenes growth, epithelial penetration and systemic dissemination. Among these defenses, colonization resistance mediated by the gut microbiota is crucial in protection against a range of intestinal pathogens, including L. monocytogenes. Here we review defined mechanisms of defense against L. monocytogenes in the lumen of the gastro-intestinal tract, with particular emphasis on protection conferred by the autochthonous microbiota. We suggest that selected probiotic species derived from the microbiota may be developed for eventual clinical use to enhance resistance against L. monocytogenes infections.
Determination and Elimination of the Uncompensated Resistance in Low Conductivity Media

The positive feedback and the interrupter technique have been used for the continuous elimination of the uncompensated resistance R u during the recording of potentiodynamic polarization curves. The positive feedback technique was evaluated with a PAR model 173 potentiostat and a Solartron model 1286 potentiostat. The Solartron potentiostat was also used with the interrupter technique. The application of both techniques was initially evaluated with suitable dummy cells followed by the tests with steel and stainless steel in ethanolic hydrochloric acid (HCl) and in hydrazine. It was found that great care has to be used to determine the optimum parameters for the interrupter technique such as potentiostat bandwidth and interrupter frequency. The potential-time trace in the interrupter period needs to be observed on an oscilloscope in order to determine the optimum conditions. The saturated calomel electrode and similar reference electrodes cannot be used with the interrupter technique. Wire electrodes such as the silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) or platinum give satisfactory results. The positive feedback technique is easier to use, however 100% compensation cannot be achieved in the PAR potentiostat. Since in most cases R u will decrease during the recording of a polarization curve, it is difficult to obtain satisfactory results with this technique.
Revised Crystal Structure of Human Adenovirus Reveals the Limits on Protein IX Quasi-Equivalence and on Analyzing Large Macromolecular Complexes.

We report the revised crystal structure of a pseudo-typed human adenovirus at 3.8-A resolution that is consistent with the atomic models of minor proteins determined by cryo-electron microscopy. The diffraction data from multiple crystals were rescaled and merged to increase the data completeness. The densities for the minor proteins were initially identified in the phase-refined omit maps that were further improved by the phases from docked poly-alanine models to build atomic structures. While the trimeric fiber molecules are disordered due to flexibility and imposition of 5-fold symmetry, the remaining major capsid proteins hexon and penton base are clearly ordered, with the exception of hypervariable region 1 of hexons, the RGD containing loop, and the N-termini of the penton base. The exterior minor protein IX together with the interior minor proteins IIIa and VIII stabilizes the adenovirus virion. A segment of N-terminal pro-peptide of VI is found in the interior cavities of peripentonal hexons, and the rest of VI is disordered. While the triskelion substructures formed by the N-termini of IX conform to excellent quasi 3-fold symmetry, the tetrameric coiled-coils formed by the C-termini and organized in parallel and anti-parallel arrangement do not exhibit any quasi-symmetry. This observation also conveys the pitfalls of using the quasi-equivalence as validation criteria for the structural analysis of extended (non-modular) capsid proteins such as IX. Together, these results remedy certain discrepancies in the previous X-ray model in agreement with the cryo-electron microscopy models.
Towards the use of Symmetries to Ensure Privacy in Control Over the Cloud

With the advent of cloud computing and the increasing connectivity of devices at the edge of the internet, closing feedback control loops over the cloud is becoming a reality. This is especially the case when computationally expensive algorithms, such as model-predictive control for nonlinear plants, are used to optimize performance. In view of this, these algortihms often delegate most of the computations to the cloud. A major roadblock to closing feedback control loops over the cloud, however, is ensuring privacy of the exchanged data. Further exacerbating this difficulty is the need to minimize the computational overhead of enforcing privacy so as not to degrade control performance. In this paper, we propose several methods for enforcing data privacy using symmetry transformations. We address three different scenarios: a) the cloud has no knowledge about the system being controlled; b) the cloud knows what sensors and actuators the system employs but not the system dynamics; c) the cloud knows the system dynamics, its sensors, and actuators. The proposed methods allow us, in all of these three scenarios, to successfully execute control over the cloud without revealing private information (which information is considered private depends on the considered scenario). The advantage of these methods lies in their generality, which makes them applicable to a wide class of systems and with low computational overhead.
Preparation of ‘‘Perfect’’ Hyperbranched Homopolymers and Copolymers by “Click” Chemistry

In the previous chapter, we discussed the design strategy and synthetic detail of various Seesaw-type macromonomers, including homopolymers, triblock copolymers and diblock copolymers. Armed with these novel Seesaw-type macromonomers, a number of “perfect” hyperbranched homopolymers and copolymers could be prepared through the versatile interchain “click” coupling.
Rotation of Single-Molecule Emission Polarization by Plasmonic Nanorods

The strong light–matter interactions between dyes and plasmonic nanoantennas enable the study of fundamental molecular-optical processes. Here, we overcome conventional limitations with high-throug...
Ultrastructural Characteristics of Gallbladder Epithelial Inclusions Mimicking Cystoisospora.

Objectives There is recently reported increased prevalence of Isospora organisms in cholecystectomy specimens from immunocompetent patients, especially in acalculous cholecystectomies. We performed an ultrastructural and molecular evaluation of these specimens. Methods From 28 gallbladders with intraepithelial inclusions, two specimens with diffuse involvement of the gallbladder epithelium were analyzed by electron microscopy. Polymerase chain reaction was performed on five samples for the ITS2 region of C belli and eukaryotic 18S region. The 18S products were sequenced by next-generation sequencing. Results Electron microscopic analysis showed cytoplasmic condensations leading to vacuole formation. In contrast with true C belli, there were no identifiable organelles or organization. None of these cases showed amplified products other than human on molecular analysis. Conclusions Electron microscopic analysis demonstrates that the inclusions are condensed cytoplasmic material and not true organisms.
Agents of Coloniality: Capitalism, the Market, and My Crisis with Archaeology

Recent experiences within the discipline and my fieldwork in the town of Portobelo, Panama, have left me questioning the epistemic genealogy of archaeology and the complicity between archaeological and capitalist ontologies. Observing the specter of dispossession that hangs over Portobelo as a result of Eurocentric archaeological discourses and heritage-management practices of conservation has directed me to analyze archaeological knowledge production within the coloniality of power. I contemplate how archaeology is implicated in the violence that allows capitalism to persist by examining processes of dispossession through an exploration of the relationship among archaeology, discourses of market development, and the logics of coloniality/modernity that inform them.
AutoTM: Automatic Tensor Movement in Heterogeneous Memory Systems using Integer Linear Programming

Memory capacity is a key bottleneck for training large scale neural networks. Intel® Optane#8482; DC PMM (persistent memory modules) which are available as NVDIMMs are a disruptive technology that promises significantly higher read bandwidth than traditional SSDs at a lower cost per bit than traditional DRAM. In this work we show how to take advantage of this new memory technology to minimize the amount of DRAM required without compromising performance significantly. Specifically, we take advantage of the static nature of the underlying computational graphs in deep neural network applications to develop a profile guided optimization based on Integer Linear Programming (ILP) called AutoTM to optimally assign and move live tensors to either DRAM or NVDIMMs. Our approach can replace 50% to 80% of a system's DRAM with PMM while only losing a geometric mean 27.7% performance. This is a significant improvement over first-touch NUMA, which loses 71.9% of performance. The proposed ILP based synchronous scheduling technique also provides 2x performance over using DRAM as a hardware-controlled cache for very large networks.
Nonphysical Workplace Violence in a State‐Based Cohort of Education Workers*

Background The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence, identify risk factors, and assess the impact of nonphysical workplace violence (WPV) events among education workers (teachers, professionals, and support personnel). Methods A cross-sectional survey was mailed to a random sample of 6450 education workers, stratified by sex, occupation, and school location in Pennsylvania. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess risk factors. Results Of the 2514 participants, 859 (34%) reported experiencing at least one nonphysical WPV event during the 2009-2010 school year. Coworkers were the most common source of bullying. Most education workers responded that they did not receive an adequate response from their administration after reporting a nonphysical WPV event. Risks of nonphysical assaults increased for education workers who were female, those working in an urban school, and those in their first 3 years of working in their current school. Those assaulted were significantly likely to have low job satisfaction, find work more stressful, and have poor mental health compared to those were not assaulted. Conclusions Administration support for specific prevention efforts and post-event responses that address the risk factors for nonphysical WPV are essential for creating a positive, safe work environment in schools.
XceptionTime: Independent Time-Window Xceptiontime Architecture for Hand Gesture Classification

Capitalizing on the goal of addressing identified shortcomings of recent solutions developed for recognition tasks via sparse multichannel surface Electromyography (sEMG) signals, the paper proposes a novel deep learning model, referred to as the XceptionTime architecture. The proposed innovative XceptionTime architecture is designed by integration of depthwise separable convolutions, adaptive average pooling, and a novel no-linear normalization technique. At the hearth of the proposed architecture is several XceptionTime modules concatenated in series fashion designed to captures both temporal and spatial information-bearing contents of the sparse multichannel sEMG signals without the need for data augmentation and manual design of feature extraction. In addition to instruction of the new XceptionTime module, by integration of adaptive average pooling, instead of fully connected layers, and utilization of a novel non-linear normalization approach, the proposed architecture is less prone to overfitting, more robust to temporal translation of the input, and more importantly is independent from the input window size, i.e., there is no need to change/reconfigure the architecture by changing the size of the input sequence. Finally, by utilizing the depthwise separable convolutions, the XceptionTime network has far less parameters resulting in less complex network.
Developing structure-from-motion models from applied streetview and UAV images

It is common that after a disaster, teams are sent to collect data of damaged buildings. The images collected are often taken using a manual handheld camera and a drone. This data collection process is extremely manual and slow. It can even put the photo collectors in hazardous conditions. To address this, a drivable, omnidirectional camera can produce images that could potentially be combined with drone images to create a functioning three-dimensional model with drastically reduced data collection times. This paper aims to discuss the methods and applications of Applied Streetview images in Pix4D modeling software. The Applied Streetview images went through varied processing stages which resulted in models being combined with UAV data. The result of the merged data sets were then visually compared for aesthetic and accuracy purposes. The research is using images collected from areas around the University of Washington's campus.
Balancing Economic and Environmental Interests: Strategic Alliances

Where a negotiating party benefits out rightly, predominantly or significantly from a business, economic or trade negotiating outcome, several factors frequently attributed to this usually include: lack of vital economic data or information – or information asymmetries on the part of the disadvantaged party, economic duress, or other disadvantageous elements which could have significantly or in any way, impacted the bargaining position of the disadvantaged party. More generally, or so to put it, it could also be stated that the disadvantaged party was simply a weaker negotiator.The third of these series and volumes focuses exclusively on strategic alliances, as well as highlights why economic interests cannot be disengaged from the environmental aspects of a negotiation – if a winning outcome, in any degree and to any extent, is to be achieved in any respect.It is evident that any negotiation is expected to have winning or losing parties – also depending on the extent of a loss or gain from such negotiations, and that no party, ideally, is expected to win out rightly – unless, as already mentioned, such a party is an extremely bad negotiator, or has rather been impacted by disadvantageous economic related factors and pressures.In the same vein, since investment in the environment is certain to yield long lasting and undeniable benefits, failure to consolidate on certain environmental agreements – which indeed serve as platforms in facilitating trade agreements, is certain and likely to result in some loss and never an outright win position for any negotiating party.The first of the volume, “Analyzing the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Foreign Direct Investment”, to a significant extent, focusses on the attributes and beneficial elements of the environment – particularly in the introductory chapters to the volume.The second volume, “Value Relevance of Accounting Information in Capital Markets”, as well as accentuating the importance of information asymmetries and information uncertainty – in impacting the position of economic elements, highlights the significance of economic elements.The third of these series, with a focus on “Strategic Alliances and Economic Propellers of Growth”, amongst other goals and objectives, underlies the importance of balancing and weighing economic and environmental elements, incorporating and factoring in these elements, in reaching the most optimal winning position.
Reconciling Kinetic and Equilibrium Models of Bacterial Transcription

The study of transcription remains one of the centerpieces of modern biology with implications in settings from development to metabolism to evolution to disease. Precision measurements using a host of different techniques including fluorescence and sequencing readouts have raised the bar for what it means to quantitatively understand transcriptional regulation. In particular our understanding of the simplest genetic circuit is sufficiently refined both experimentally and theoretically that it has become possible to carefully discriminate between different conceptual pictures of how this regulatory system works. This regulatory motif, originally posited by Jacob and Monod in the 1960s, consists of a single transcriptional repressor binding to a promoter site and inhibiting transcription. In this paper, we show how seven distinct models of this so-called simple-repression motif, based both on equilibrium and kinetic thinking, can be used to derive the predicted levels of gene expression and shed light on the often surprising past success of the equilibrium models. These different models are then invoked to confront a variety of different data on mean, variance and full gene expression distributions, illustrating the extent to which such models can and cannot be distinguished, and suggesting a two-state model with a distribution of burst sizes as the most potent of the seven for describing the simple-repression motif.
An evaluation of methodology to determine algal genome completeness

Abstract The advancement of sequencing technologies has resulted in a rapid expansion of genome sequencing. One challenge in processing and analyzing this abundance of genomics data is development and application of tools to accurately assess the quality of novel genomes. The quality of a given genome assembly is commonly assessed using the presence of conserved orthologs. However, the applicability and accuracy of identifying conserved orthologs applied to algal genome assemblies, which are uniquely diverse, is unclear. Here, we analyze the utility of a genome content assessment tool, Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO), to evaluate algal genome assembly completeness. We find that Chlorophyta and Stramenopile BUSCO databases are effective tools to analyze genome completeness of these lineages. For other lineages, the Eukaryota database should be utilized until additional lineage-specific databases are developed. Based on these results, suggested best practices for current usage and necessary future improvements are provided.
Breast Milk and Breastfeeding of Infants Born to SARS-CoV-2 Positive Mothers: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

Objective There are limited published data on the transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus from mothers to newborns through breastfeeding or from breast milk. The World Health Organization released guidelines encouraging mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 to breastfeed as the benefits of breastfeeding outweighs the possible risk of transmission. The objective of this study was to determine if SARS-CoV-2 was present in the breast milk of lactating mothers who had a positive SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab test prior to delivery, and the clinical outcomes for their newborns. Study Design This was a single-center, observational, prospective cohort study. Maternal–newborn dyads that delivered at New York University Langone Hospital Brooklyn with confirmed maternal SARS-CoV-2 positive screen test at the time of admission were recruited for the study. Breast milk samples were collected during postpartum hospitalization and tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 genes N1 and N2 by two-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, the clinical characteristics of the maternal newborn dyad, results of nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 testing, and neonatal follow-up data were collected. Results A total of 19 mothers were included in the study and their infants who were all fed breast milk. Breast milk samples from 18 mothers tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, and 1 was positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The infant who ingested the breast milk that tested positive had a negative nasopharyngeal test for SARS-CoV-2, and had a benign clinical course. There was no evidence of significant clinical infection during the hospital stay or from outpatient neonatal follow-up data for all the infants included in this study. Conclusion In a small cohort of SARS-CoV-2 positive lactating mothers giving birth at our institution, most of their breast milk samples (95%) contained no detectable virus, and there was no evidence of COVID-19 infection in their breast milk-fed neonates. Key Points
Abortion as obtainable: Insights into how pregnant people in the United States who considered abortion understand abortion availability.

Abstract Objective In the United States, restrictive abortion policies are concentrated in a subset of states. Little research has examined how people who consider abortion make sense of abortion obtainability and the extent of regulation of abortion care in their state. Study design We conducted in-depth interviews with 30 pregnant women in Maryland, a state with high abortion service availability and few policies restricting abortion, and 28 pregnant women in Louisiana, a state with low service availability and numerous restrictions, who had considered but not obtained an abortion for their pregnancy. We analyzed findings using inductive qualitative analytic techniques. Results All participants were financially struggling. Most participants in Maryland considered abortion easy to get, while a plurality of participants in Louisiana considered abortion difficult to get. Yet, despite their measurable differences in access, participants in both states considered abortion generally obtainable. Participants in Louisiana who thought abortion difficult to get, but nonetheless obtainable, cited strategies that they already employed for other challenges in their lives as options for overcoming abortion barriers. Conclusions Pregnant women who consider abortion and are subject to restrictions do not necessarily perceive restrictions as barriers. Their accounts illustrate how those impacted by restrictions adapt to constraints on their reproductive autonomy just as they manage many other challenges that restrict their freedom to live self-determined lives. Implications Financially struggling pregnant people who considered abortion in Louisiana did not perceive restrictions as barriers to abortion, illustrating the broader adoption of strategies to deal with constraints among women living on low incomes.
Inability of various immune mechanisms to establish in vitro latent infection in sensory neurons infected by HSV-1. Brief report.

Various immune mechanisms were tested for their ability to alter a normally productive infection of herpes simplex virus in cultures of dissociated rat sensory neurons. These mechanisms included anti-HSV antibody with and without the aid of complement, HSV-sensitized “T” cells, natural killer cells, and “K” cells plus anti-HSV antibody (ADCC reactions). Although both anti-HSV antibody plus complement and the ADCC mechanism significantly limited infectious HSV production, no mechanism was capable of preventing the eventual infection of the majority of neurons. It appears, therefore, that none of these mechanisms by themselves can convert a normally productive infection of sensory neurons in culture to a non-productive or latent infection.
Analytic Transfer Functions for the Dynamics & Control of Flexible Rotating Spacecraft Performing Large Angle Maneuvers

A symmetric flexible rotating spacecraft can be modeled as a distributed parameter system of a rigid hub attached to two flexible appendages with tip masses. First, Hamilton’s extended principle is utilized to establish a general treatment for deriving the dynamics of multi-body dynamical systems to establish a hybrid system of integro-partial differential equations that model the evolution of the system in space and time. A Generalized State Space (GSS) system of equations is constructed in the frequency domain to obtain analytic transfer functions for the rotating spacecraft. This model does not include spatial discretization. The frequency response of the generally modeled spacecraft and a special case with no tip masses are presented. Numerical results for the system frequency response obtained from the analytic transfer functions are presented and compared against the classical assumed modes numerical method with two choices of admissible functions. The truncation-error-free analytic results are used to validate the numerical approximations and to agree well with the classical widely used finite dimensional numerical solutions. Fundamentally, we show that the rigorous transfer function, without introduction of spatial discretization, can be directly used in control law design with a guarantee of Lyapunov stable closed loop dynamics. The frequency response of the system is used in a classical control problem where the Lyapunov stable controller is derived and tested for gain selection. The correlation between the controller design in the frequency domain utilizing the analytic transfer functions and the system response is analyzed and verified. The derived analytic transfer functions provide a powerful tool to test various control schemes in the frequency domain and a validation platform for existing numerical methods for distributed parameters models. The same platform has been used to obtain the frequency response of more complex beam models following Timoshenko beam theory and the control problem for such models can be pursued in future works.
Forecasting stock exchange opening with foreign stock markets: evidence from the NYSE and the SSE

In this paper we examine the interactions between the U.S. stock market and the Chinese stock market in the scope of market microstructure. In particular, first time in the literature, we examine the forecasting ability of the stock performance in one market to predict the direction of the stock price movement at the opening in the other market. Contrary to existing evidence reported in the literature, we find that after the global financial crisis that occurred in late 2007, stock performance in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) has shown significant forecasting ability on the Shanghai Security Exchange (SSE) opening, while the forecasting abilities were insignificant before. That is, the performance in the NYSE now plays a role in the opening price discovery in the SSE. However, the daily rates of returns on the NYSE have shown no forecasting ability to predict the stock price movement after the market opening. Our finding that it is possible to forecast the direction of the stock price movement in Chinese stock market at its next opening a few hours ahead may be valuable for many investors.
Kepler/pPOD: Scientific Workflow and Provenance Support for Assembling the Tree of Life

The complexity of scientific workflows for analyzing biological data creates a number of challenges for current workflow and provenance systems. This complexity is due in part to the nature of scientific data (e.g., heterogeneous, nested data collections) and the programming constructs required for automation (e.g., nested workflows, looping, pipeline parallelism). We present an extended version of the Kepler scientific workflow system to address these challenges, tailored for the systematics community. Our system combines novel approaches for representing scientific data, modeling and automating complex analyses, and recording and browsing associated provenance information.
The Effects of Pre-Straining Conditions on Austenite Stability during Fatigue of Multiphase Trip Steels

A multiphase TRIP780 steel was subjected to tensile pre-strains of 0, 5, and 15% at room temperature and at −20 °C. The pre-strained specimens were subjected to strain-ontrolled, fully-reversed, axial fatigue testing at strain amplitudes ranging from 0.2 to 0.6%. The low-cycle fatigue life was largely independent of the pre-strain history. Pre-strained specimens had lower plastic strain amplitudes and higher stress ranges in the initial fatigue cycles before converging towards the same values as the specimens with zero pre-strain, due to cyclic strain softening. This suggests that the effects of pre-strain are eventually overcome by accumulated plastic deformation during fatigue cycling.
The Induction in Vitro of the Synthesis of δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Synthetase in Chemical Porphyria: A Response to Certain Drugs, Sex Hormones, and Foreign Chemicals

1. A method is described for the primary growth of chick embryo liver cells on cover slips in culture, and the factors of the culture medium are considered that affect the induction of porphyrin formation with certain chemicals. 2. A method is described for following δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase (ALA synthetase) activity by the determination of porphyrin fluorescence developed in the cells on cover slips after induction with chemicals or drugs. 3. A nonchromatographic method is described for the determination of δ-aminolevulinic acid and aminoacetone in the range of 10-8 mole. 4. With allylisopropylacetamide as inducing chemical, an 8-fold increase in the mitochondrial ALA synthetase of chick embryo liver has been found. No other tissue tested was inducible. 5. After induction, porphyrin increased at almost a logarithmic rate for the first 12 hours. 6. The inducing action of the chemical is reversible. 7. The half-life of ALA synthetase in chick embryo liver cells in culture is 4 to 6 hours. 8. The chemicals and drugs which induce a porphyria in the chick embryo liver cells in culture may be separated into four classes: the barbiturates which contain three chemical groups that can individually induce; the collidines which contain two chemical groups; the sex steroids; and a miscellaneous class. 9. Evidence is presented that the control of ALA synthetase in the liver is by feedback repression in which heme may be the corepressor. No feedback inhibition was found. 10. The site for induction is proposed to be a site on a repressor which is competed for by heme and an inducing chemical. 11. Hepatic porphyria is postulated to be caused by a mutation in an operator gene that is poorly responsive to the repressor. The delay in appearance of symptoms of this disease until puberty suggests that sex steroids are the inducing chemicals.
The new technique for the lowest power consumption in the stand-by of power supply

SMPS losses consist of switching loss, conduction loss, and core loss. In case of light load the switching loss takes the most things in SMPS. Conventional burst mode operation meets the requirement of low power consumption. But, it is not sufficient for low frequency switching at no-load condition to provide the source of IC's bias. High frequency switching increases switching loss of SMPS. Moreover recently lower stand-by power, the input power of about 0.09 mW at the no-load condition, is required. This paper presents that during the burst mode decreasing IC's consumption power at the internal block makes system high efficient and prevents malfunction at the minimum load.
Management of severe aortic regurgitation in a patient with cardiogenic shock using a percutaneous left ventricular assist device and transcatheter occlusion of the failed aortic valve homograft as a bridge to surgical valve replacement

Acute hemodynamic compromise due to severe aortic regurgitation remains a difficult problem. The optimal management strategy and timing of surgery continues to evolve as new technologies become available. Here, we report the case of a young woman presenting with severe regurgitation of an aortic homograft who developed precipitous cardiogenic shock and multi-organ dysfunction. Her mortality risk with emergent surgery was prohibitive, and no percutaneous valve-in-valve device was available. We stabilized her condition by placing an Amplatz-type Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) occluder across her aortic valve in conjunction with a percutaneous left ventricular assist device as a bridge to surgical valve replacement. She went on to a successful surgery and recovered well. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.