cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A review of journal coverage overlap with an extension to the definition of overlap

This investigation reviews the research into journal coverage overlap of the secondary literature indicating the uneven development in this research during the past 30 years and introduces a prototype extension to the traditional definition of overlap. The products of abstracting or indexing services are referred to as secondary sources. Journal coverage overlap (traditional overlap) has been classically defined as the ratio of the number of either journal titles or articles in the intersection of two secondary sources to the number in their union. The extension to the classical definition proposed begins with this traditional definition and proceeds to incorporate the relative sizes of the sources into a matrix of dissimilarity values. Matrices for both the traditional definition and its extension are computed for two universes of secondary source ensembles. These matrices are formed by comparing all possible unions of sources in a universe of secondary sources. Multidimensional scaling analysis is applied to graphically demonstrate this modified concept of coverage overlap and a naive secondary tool selection algorithm is presented. © 1990 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Promoting Active Visits to Parks: Models and Strategies for Transdisciplinary Collaboration

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the shared interest of the public health and parks and recreation sectors in promoting active visits to parks. At the institutional level, both sectors have missions to promote physical activity and view parks as key components in attaining physical activity goals. While some balancing among park goals may be necessary to avoid overuse and resource degradation, active visits more often complement park sustainability goals by reducing automobile and other motorized use impacts. The public health and parks and recreation sectors have each developed ecologic models to understand the determinants and outcomes of park-related physical activity. Transdisciplinary integration of these modeling efforts can lead to a better understanding of how active visits fit within the context of the overall recreational experience and the full range of benefits that parks provide. We conclude by identifying strategies for improving collaboration between the public health and parks and recreation sectors.
Language ideology and racial inequality: Competing functions of Spanish in an Anglo-owned Mexican restaurant

This article examines the influence of language ideology on interactions between English-speaking Anglo and monolingual Spanish-speaking employees in an Anglo-owned Mexican restaurant in Texas. In directives to Spanish-speaking employees, Anglo managers typically use English with elements of Mock Spanish. Because the Anglo managers fail to question whether their limited use of Spanish is sufficient for communicative success, Spanish speakers are almost always held responsible for incidents resulting from miscommunication. For Latino workers, Spanish provides an alternative linguistic market in which Spanish operates as a form of solidarity and resistance. The competing functions of Spanish serve to reinforce racial segregation and inequality in the workplace. I am greatly indebted to the restaurant workers who shared their experiences and opinions with me. For helpful discussions and comments, I would like to thank Eriko Atagi, Mary Bucholtz, Elaine Chun, Erin Debenport, Jane Hill, Jennifer Palmer, Robin Queen, Otto Santa Ana, Teresa Satterfield, Keith Walters, Albert Zapata, and an anonymous reviewer.
Variation resilient low-power circuit design methodology using on-chip phase locked loop

This paper presents a variation resilient circuit design technique for maintaining parametric yield of design under inherent variation in process parameters. We propose to utilize on-chip phase locked loop (PLL) as a sensor to detect process, VDD, and temperature (PVT) variations or even temporal degradation stemming from negative bias temperature instability (NBTI). We will show that control voltage (Vcnt) of voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) in PLL can dynamically capture performance variations in circuit. By utilizing the Vcnt signal of PLL, we propose variation resilient circuit design using adaptive body bias (VR-ABB). Vcnt is used to generate an optimal body bias for various circuit blocks in order to avoid possible timing failures. Correspondingly, circuits can be designed with a significantly relaxed timing constraint compared to the conventional approaches, where a large amount of design resources can be wasted to take care of the worst case situations. We have demonstrated our approach using an 8 bit ripple carry adder (RCA) as an example circuit. Results show that even under extreme variations, reasonable parametric yield can be maintained while minimizing other design resources such as area and power.
Building Confidence in Elections: The Case of Electoral Monitors in Kosovo

While most research on electoral monitors has focused on the effect of electoral monitors on politicians and their behavior in terms of committing electoral fraud, this study examines the effect of electoral monitors on citizens, and their effect in particular on people's perceptions of electoral integrity and behavior in terms of turnout at the polls. To examine this relationship, I conducted a field experiment around the 2009/10 municipal elections in Kosova, which varied the amount of information people had about the responsibilities of monitors in these elections. In the experiment, people who had more information about the monitors' responsibilities believed that the elections were more free and fair than those who had less information, and also believed that the monitors helped make these elections more free and fair, even though they were not more likely to vote as a result.
Long‐Term Trends of Specific Conductance in Waters Discharged by Coal‐Mine Valley Fills in Central Appalachia, USA

Anthropogenic salinization of freshwaters is a global concern. Coal surface mining causes release of dissolved sulfate, bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium, and other ions to surface waters in central Appalachia, USA, through practices that include mine rock disposal in valley fills (VFs). This region's surface waters naturally have low salinity, with specific conductance (SC, a salinity indicator) generally 500 μS/cm) SC.
Stability analysis of linear multistep methods for delay differential equations

Stability properties of linear multistep methods for delay differential equations with respect to the test equation y'(t) ay(t) + by(t), t O, 0 < % i, are investigated. It is known that the solution of this equation is bounded if and only if lal -b and we examine whether this property is inherited by multistep methods with Lagrange interpolation and by parametrized Adams methods.
SuFEx‐Based Synthesis of Polysulfates

High-molecular-weight polysulfates are readily formed from aromatic bis(silyl ethers) and bis(fluorosulfates) in the presence of a base catalyst. The reaction is fast and proceeds well under neat conditions or in solvents, such as dimethyl formamide or N-methylpyrrolidone, to provide the desired polymers in nearly quantitative yield. These polymers are more resistant to chemical degradation than their polycarbonate analogues and exhibit excellent mechanical, optical, and oxygen-barrier properties.
0/1 Knapsack on Hardware: A Complete Solution

We present a memory efficient, practical, systolic, parallel architecture for the complete 0/1 knapsack dynamic programming problem, including backtracking. This problem was intentionally selected because its dynamic dependencies introduce difficulties in hardware implementation. The architecture uses a divide-and-conquer technique that results in a pseudo-linear memory requirement. This memory reduction comes in exchange for a factor of two slowdown due to redundant computation. The architecture uses Theta(n + p(C + Wmax)) memory and the run time is Theta(nC/p + nlog(n/p)). The heart of the architecture is a systolic module to compute the optimal profit for any problem that fits in available hardware resources. We implemented the module using 64 processors on an Alpha Data coprocessor board using a Xilinx VirtexII FPGA(2001 technology). Our implementation showed a factor of 32 improvement on the total execution time over a sequential algorithm running on a 1.5 GHz Xeon processor(2000 technology) and a factor of 16 improvement over a 3.2 GHz Pentium 4(2004 technology) and a 64 bit 3.4 GHz Pentium 4 (2006 technology). We measured complete wall-clock time, including the time to download the problem to the board, but not the time to download the bit stream to the FPGA.
Structure Property Characterization of Nonlinear Optical Materials

This research is comprised of understanding the linear photophysical properties of various dyes to better understand the more complicated nonlinear optical properties. Determining structure property relationships of a series of structurally closely related chromophores is the key in understanding the drivers for the various photophysical properties. In this paper we survey the effect of physically changing the Pt poly-yne structure on the S0-S1 and T1-Tn absorption properties for each of the chromophores. A series of structurally modified platinum poly-ynes have been studied using experimental methods including UV/Vis absorption and nanosecond laser flash photolysis. We found that with extension of the ligand length both the ground and triplet excited state absorption shift to lower energies. Comparing the absorption properties of the ligands and butadiynes with the platinum containing versions reveal that the S1 and Tn exciton is localized on one portion of the ligand with extension and not conjugated through the whole molecule. Changing the phosphine R group results in little effect to the absorption properties except when the R group is conjugated in the case of phenyl. However, changing the R group results in varied materials properties.
Membrane current from transmembrane potentials in complex core-conductor models

Core-conductor models, used to integrate the behavior of the longitudinal currents with the distributed voltages of electrically active tissue, have evolved for over a century. A critical step in the use of such models is the computation of membrane current from the set of distributed transmembrane potential values that exist at a given moment, where the potentials are obtained either experimentally or computationally. Over time, interest has developed in a number of substantial extensions of the original model to include such features as nonuniform spatial resistances, loop instead of linear structure, and multiple sites of extracellular stimulation. This paper concisely restates and extends the equations for calculation of transmembrane currents with the systematic inclusion of alternative cases, noting how they reduce to the standard forms. An important issue is how complex the calculation of membrane current has to be. Thus, the paper goes on to show criteria (based on the uniformity of resistance and the presence of stimulation) for deciding when membrane currents can be obtained with a relatively simple calculation with a single equation involving local variables versus a more complex calculation involving the simultaneous solution of a (possibly large) set of equations.
Two-Step Reactive Aid Sintering of BaZr0.8Y0.2O3-δ Proton-Conducting Ceramics

Ceramic-based proton conductors enable high-temperature hydrogen economy applications such as hydrogen separation membranes, fuel cells, and steam electrolyzers. BaZr0.8Y0.2O3−δ (BZY) proton-conducting oxide possesses the highest level of proton conductivity reported to date, but poor sinterability hinders its widespread utilization. In this paper, we report a two-step reactive aid sintering (TRAS) method involving the introduction of BaCO3 and B2O3-Li2O for the preparation of dense BZY ceramics sintered at 1500°C. The resulting BZY samples showed a pure perovskite structure with a dramatic increase in the relative density to 91.5%. In addition, the shrinkage during sintering was improved to 19.3% by a TRAS method as compared to 2.6% by the conventional solid date reaction method. The bulk conductivity was improved due to enhanced densification, while the grain boundary conductivity decreased due to the blocking behavior of the sintering aid resulting in a decrease in the total conductivity of the samples.
Lessons for Farm Economists from Recent Antitrust Decisions—An Economist's View

Another way to look at the disadvantage of farmers is in the economics of the firm-in terms of the variables over which the farmer may exercise control. Over what variables can the farmer establish private policy control? In the area of socio-economic decisions the farmer can establish private policy with respect to selecting and acquiring the type of farm, type of community, type of life he wants, assuming the barriers to entry are manageable. He can also organize the farm business and farm life around the family and provide for the future of the younger generation in the farm business. In the area of private economic decisions the farmer can control decisions with respect to what to produce, what technology to use, how much to produce (in the absence of regulation), when to produce and when to sell. All this gives the appearance that there are a large number of variables
Synthesis and Characterization of Micro and Nano Ba 3-x K x H x (PO 4 ) 2 and Ba 3-x Na x H x (PO 4 ) 2

Ba 3-x K x H x (PO 4 ) 2 is a candidate solid-state proton conductor for solid acid fuel cells that is water-insoluble. The measured conductivity of ∼ 2.4 10 -5 S cm -1 for the composition x=0.80 at 250°C is not competitive for solid acid fuel cell applications. This work investigates a methods for synthesizing solid acid electrolytes with the strategy of increasing proton conductivity by cation substitution and decreasing particle size. We report on the synthesis of nano Ba 3-x K x H x (PO 4 ) 2 to a novel Ba 3-x Na x H x (PO 4 ) 2 . X-ray diffraction was used to confirm the Ba 3 (PO 4 ) 2 crystal structure and measure lattice strain as a function of cation substitution. SEM confirmed the morphology of micro Ba 3-x Na x H x (PO 4 ) 2 is substantially different from micro Ba 3-x K x H x (PO 4 ) 2 , suggesting that Ba 3-x Na x H x (PO 4 ) 2 has a different growth kinetics.
Corporate Social Responsibility And Family Firms

Research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) has traditionally focused on managerial discretion and stakeholders’ influence. This paper intends to extend the CSR field by addressing it from th...
Evidentiary truth claims, imperial registers, and the Ottoman archive: contending legal views of archival and record-keeping practices in Ottoman Greater Syria (seventeenth–nineteenth centuries)

The article reconstructs a debate between Hanafi jurists who operated throughout Ottoman Greater Syria (and beyond) from the seventeenth to the early nineteenth centuries concerning the evidentiary status of the Ottoman imperial registers (defters). At the centre of the jurists’ debate is the permissibility of using imperial registers as independent, uncorroborated evidence. It was a debate about who had the right to regulate and determine what constituted an authentic evidential document: while some jurists argued that it was almost exclusively the privilege of the jurists, others were willing to concede this authority, at least in part, to the Ottoman dynasty and its bureaucracy. Furthermore, the article contends that the debate about the evidentiary validity of the defters captures the complex relationship between Ottoman dynastic law and the Hanafi fiqh discourse. Finally, the debate sheds light on the legal “defterization” of other types of documents and texts, such as a chronicle (taʾrīkh) and court records (sijill).
A Piezoelectric on Substrate Phononic Band Gap High-Q Micromechanical Resonator

Micromechanically-fabricated phononic crystal (PnC) structures with phononic band gaps (PnBGs) are gaining a growing attention due to their high efficiency in controlling and confining mechanical energy in micro and nano-scale structures. Preliminary PnC devices such as waveguides and resonators based on the complete PnBG of the micro-machined PnC structures have shown a great potential to improve the characteristics of the conventional micro-mechanical (MM) devices [1–5]. Especially high-frequency, high-quality factor (Q) MM resonators are of great interest as they are main building blocks for realizing compact and complex devices such as filters, multiplexers and de-multiplexers for wireless communications and sensing applications. Therefore, development of high-Q, high-frequency PnC-based MM resonators is an important step towards realizing functional PnC-based devices with potentially better performance compared to their conventional counterparts. In this paper, we report, for the first time, a PnC slab piezoelectric-on-substrate MM resonator operating at VHF frequencies which supports high Q modes. The excitation of the resonant modes in these structures is done directly on the resonant structure (in contrast to the resonant tunneling excitation method reported earlier [5]) and therefore, no coupling from outside of the resonant structure is required. In such a structure, enough number of PnC periods can be placed around the resonant region to provide enough isolation from the surroundings; consequently the loss of the mechanical energy will be limited to material and friction losses only. We report a Fabry-Perot-type PnC slab resonator with an electrode and a piezoelectric medium directly fabricated on top of a resonant structure and show that high quality factors can be obtained in such a compact resonator. As a result, a flexural and a longitudinal mode are excited. Q’s of more than 3600 and 10,000 are obtained for the two modes with motional resistances of 1200 Ω and 5000 Ω. Such piezoelectrically excited high-Q resonators operating at such high frequencies evidence the possibility of suppressing support loss (an important source of loss) in MM resonators through the use of the especial structure of a PnC. Such PnC resonators can have a great impact on the current state-of-the-art MM devices used in wireless communication and sensing systems.© 2009 ASME
The effect of hepatic regeneration on the expression of the glutathione S-transferases

The effect of hepatic regeneration on expression of four glutathione S-transferase (GST) subunits (Ya, Yc, Yb1, Yb2) was examined in rats following partial hepatectomy (PH). mRNA levels of the Ya and Yc subunits (Alpha class) decreased and were 13% and 42% of levels in sham-operated animals respectively 12 h after surgery. mRNA levels for the Yb1 subunit (Mu class) also decreased but were not maximally reduced until 24 h after PH (22% of sham-treated level). mRNA levels of the Yb2 subunit were affected little by PH. Changes in levels of mRNA appeared to reflect a decrease in both transcriptional activity and mRNA stability. The decrease in mRNA levels was associated with a fall in enzymic activity and in protein levels of Alpha-class GSTs. Within 48 h of surgery, levels of mRNA, protein enzymic activity and transcriptional activity had all fully recovered. GSH levels also decreased in the first 6 h after PH. However, 24 h after surgery GSH levels in animals having undergone PH exceeded those in sham-treated animals by 2-fold and this difference persisted for 72 h. These findings suggest that during the early phases of hepatic regeneration, because of decreased GST and GSH levels, the liver may be unusually susceptible to injury by toxic compounds. However, by the first round of cell division (36-48 h post-surgery) the liver has fully recovered its ability to metabolize toxic electrophiles.
Development of Village-level Collective Economy from the Perspective of Functional Classification:

Taking 494 villages in three regions of Shaanxi Province as the research target,the paper studies the political,economic and social functions of the development of village-level collective economy in China.It finds that most villages have quite low disposable income and run behind their expenditure,though the income sources are diversified.Lacking of credit support,the villages are often burdened with crippling debts.And their basic public service has the drawbacks of limited funds but a host of financial expenditure items.Thus the paper suggests the economic development of Chinese villages could be promoted by achieving sustainable income,solving the village debts and clearing the responsibility of rural public products.
A Screening Study of Prostate Cancer in High Risk Families

AbstractIn a study of the familial risk of prostate cancer 17 sets of 2 brothers with prostate cancer were identified. A total of 34 first-degree relatives of these probands (sons and brothers, 55 to 80 years old) underwent an intensive screening examination that included prostate specific antigen, digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrasound and systematic as well as clinically directed core needle biopsies. Previously unsuspected and clinically relevant cancers were found in 8 men (24%), compared to the approximately 1 expected (p < 0.01). Of these cancers 2 were detected by the systematic biopsies. This study emphasizes the importance of thorough screening in first-degree relatives of prostate cancer patients.
Divergent Ah Receptor Ligand Selectivity during Hominin Evolution

We have identified a fixed nonsynonymous sequence difference between humans (Val381; derived variant) and Neandertals (Ala381; ancestral variant) in the ligand-binding domain of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) gene. In an exome sequence analysis of four Neandertal and Denisovan individuals compared with nine modern humans, there are only 90 total nucleotide sites genome-wide for which archaic hominins are fixed for the ancestral nonsynonymous variant and the modern humans are fixed for the derived variant. Of those sites, only 27, including Val381 in the AHR, also have no reported variability in the human dbSNP database, further suggesting that this highly conserved functional variant is a rare event. Functional analysis of the amino acid variant Ala381 within the AHR carried by Neandertals and nonhuman primates indicate enhanced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) binding, DNA binding capacity, and AHR mediated transcriptional activity compared with the human AHR. Also relative to human AHR, the Neandertal AHR exhibited 150-1000 times greater sensitivity to induction of Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 expression by PAHs (e.g., benzo(a)pyrene). The resulting CYP1A1/CYP1B1 enzymes are responsible for PAH first pass metabolism, which can result in the generation of toxic intermediates and perhaps AHR-associated toxicities. In contrast, the human AHR retains the ancestral sensitivity observed in primates to nontoxic endogenous AHR ligands (e.g., indole, indoxyl sulfate). Our findings reveal that a functionally significant change in the AHR occurred uniquely in humans, relative to other primates, that would attenuate the response to many environmental pollutants, including chemicals present in smoke from fire use during cooking.
Association of allergic rhinitis, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and all-cause mortality

Abstract Background Inflammation is implicated in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Allergic diseases also involve a systemic inflammatory state, which may potentiate cardiovascular disease. Objective To examine the association of allergic rhinitis, coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and all-cause mortality. Methods We conducted a retrospective, population-based, matched cohort study comparing the incidence of CHD, CVD, and all-cause mortality from January 1, 1999, through December 31, 2012, in patients with International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision , documented allergic rhinitis matched 1:1 by age, sex, and ethnicity to a reference cohort without allergic rhinitis within Kaiser Permanente Southern California. Fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated. Further analyses for those with positive environmental allergen specific IgE (sIgE) test results within the allergic rhinitis cohort were also performed. Results Patients with physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis (N = 110, 207 in matched cohort) had significantly lower risk for myocardial infarction (HR, 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59–0.67; P P P P P = .003) but no association with cerebrovascular events (RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.77–1.02; P = .10) and all-cause mortality (RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.00–1.34; P = .06). Conclusion We found that the presence of allergic rhinitis was associated with decreased CHD, CVD, and all-cause mortality. This decreased risk was more pronounced after excluding patients with asthma. Patients with positive sIgE test results also had decreased risk of CHD.
Compassionate Communication, Embodied Aboutness, and Homeless Young Adults

This qualitative project draws from the experiences of homeless young adults in nonprofit organizations in an effort to deepen our understanding of compassionate communication and improve human services. The young adults identify four communication practices as particularly compassionate: presence, nonverbal immediacy, organizational immediacy, and acts of service. Together, this set of practices constitutes “embodied aboutness,” which I define as making one’s body about the other. These practices broaden our understanding of compassion by highlighting the way bodies are interpreted in service delivery. Embodied aboutness informs us how to communicate compassionately in social justice contexts and beyond.
Association of Daily Dosage and Type of Statin Agent With Risk of Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Importance There is growing evidence that statins may protect against the development or worsening of open-angle glaucoma (OAG). As researchers plan clinical trials to more definitively study whether statins indeed protect against OAG, it would be helpful to know whether specific daily dosages or types of statin confer a greater protective effect than others. Objective To assess whether the protective effect of statins on the risk of glaucoma varies depending on the daily dosage or type of statin taken. Design, Setting, and Participants Using claims data from January 2001 to December 2009, we observed 25 420 patients with no preexisting glaucoma and quantified exposure to statins and other cholesterol-lowering medications. Using multivariable regression modeling, we assessed the hazard of developing OAG and how it varied by the daily dosage or type of statin and whether any protective effect persists after accounting for baseline low-density lipoprotein level. Exposures Different daily dosages and types of statins. Main Outcomes and Measures Hazard ratios (HRs) for developing OAG with 95% CIs. Results Of the 25 420 patients who met the eligibility criteria for study inclusion, the mean (SD) age was 66.1 (5.8) years, and 14 112 (55.5%) were female. Additionally, 19 232 patients (84.1%) were white, 1252 (5.5%) were black, and 1558 (6.8%) were Latino. After accounting for baseline low-density lipoprotein levels, persons who filled prescriptions for statins continuously for 2 years had a 21% reduced risk of glaucoma compared with nonusers (adjusted HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.66-0.96; P = .02). There was no additional protective effect associated with taking the highest dosage of statins (80 mg) compared with a lower dosage (40 mg) (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.59-1.80; P = .91). The protective effect of the following statins on OAG risk did not differ compared with atorvastatin, an inexpensive generic statin: lovastatin (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.71-1.68; P = .69), cerivastatin (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.09-4.41; P = .63), rosuvastatin (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.48-1.44; P = .51), fluvastatin (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.39-2.02; P = .78), pravastatin (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.93-1.79; P = .13), and simvastatin (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.83-1.29; P = .78). Conclusions and Relevance Even after accounting for baseline low-density lipoprotein level, statin exposure continued to be associated with a reduction in OAG risk. Our study helps inform researchers of a reasonable daily dosage and type of statin to use when designing randomized clinical trials to assess the association between statin use and glaucoma.
Uterine fibroids: correlations between MRI appearance and stiffness via magnetic resonance elastography

Magnetic resonance elastography has proven to be a valuable tool in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis, breast and cervical cancer, but its application in uterine fibroids requires further characterization. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between uterine fibroid stiffness by MRE and MR imaging characteristics. An IRB-approved, HIPAA compliant review was performed of prospectively collected pelvic MRI and 2D-MRE data in patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids (N = 102). T1 and T2 weighted pelvic MRI with gadolinium enhancement were performed. In a small patient subset, fibroid stiffness was assessed by both 2D and 3D MRE. Fibroid stiffness by modality or imaging characteristics was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Student t test. Four fibroid groups were identified based on T2 appearance: Isointense (N = 7), bright (N = 6), dark with minimal heterogeneity (N = 69), and dark with substantial heterogeneity (N = 20). Mean fibroid stiffness was 4.81 ± 2.12 kPa. Comparison of fibroid stiffness by T2 signal intensity showed that T2 bright fibroids were significantly less stiff than fibroids appearing T2 dark with minimal heterogeneity (mean stiffness difference = 2.38 kPa; p < 0.05) and T2 dark fibroids with substantial heterogeneity were significantly less stiff than T2 dark fibroids with minimal heterogeneity (mean difference = 1.25 kPa; p < 0.05). There was no significant association between fibroid stiffness and T1 signal characteristics or gadolinium enhancement. There was no significant difference in stiffness values obtained by either 2D vs. 3D MRE. These data suggest differences in fibroid stiffness are associated with different T2 imaging characteristics with less stiff fibroids being T2 bright and more stiff fibroids being T2 dark. Further studies are needed to determine if fibroid stiffness by MRE may serve as an imaging biomarker to help predict MR-guided treatment response.
Use of R 3 Rapid Screening Test to Determine Reactivity and Chloride Binding Potential of Locally Available Kaolinite Clay

The utilization of calcined clay as a pozzolanic material for concrete has received a lot of attention in recent years because of its sustainability and worldwide availability. The performance of concrete made using a locally sourced high kaolinite clay was examined to determine suitability for use in local transportation projects. For this work, the local clay was tested to determine optimal calcining temperature, limestone blend, and sulfate content using isothermal calorimetry (R3 method). The clay was calcined at 600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C, and 850 °C. The effects of material reactivity as measured by calorimetry were compared to the chloride binding capacity.
Surgical Management of Primary Retroperitoneal Sarcomas: Rationale for Selective Organ Resection

Recently, some have argued for routine resection of adjacent but uninvolved organs in patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) without stipulating the rationale for such organ resection (beyond the need to achieve a macroscopically complete resection) or examining histopathologic organ invasion (HOI). This study reviewed the authors’ experience with primary RPS to investigate the rate and rationale for individual organ resection and the rate of HOI. Operative and pathology reports for patients with primary RPS who underwent resection at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Histopathologic organ invasion was confirmed by a dedicated sarcoma pathologist. From 2002 through 2011, 118 patients underwent resection of a primary RPS, and 99 of these patients (84%) had at least one organ resected. Kidney (n = 57), colon (n = 51), and adrenal (n = 41) were the most commonly resected organs. For the 302 organs removed, the perioperative clinical rationale for the resection was suspected invasion or tumor origin (n = 52, 17%), involved end-organ vasculature (n = 39, 13%), organ encasement (n = 42, 14%), tumor adherence (n = 127, 42%), resection required for R0/R1 resection (n = 25, 8%), or other (n = 17, 6%). The presence of HOI was found in 77 (25%) of the 302 organs resected. In the reviewed studies, HOI was identified in 34 (65%) of 52 organs suspected of invasion or tumor origin, in 19% of organs resected due to tumor encasement, and in 26% of organs with adherent tumor, even when not suspected intraoperatively, but was never identified in organs resected purely as part of a liberal en bloc resection of adjacent organs. When invasion was suspected intraoperatively, HOI was confirmed in 50, 78, and 100% of resected organs respectively for well-dedifferentiated liposarcoma, dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS), and leiomyosarcoma (LMS). Histologic organ invasion was observed more commonly in organs resected with suspicion of invasion than in organs resected simply to achieve a negative margin, although this reflects a degree of subjectivity and selection bias. In more than one-fourth of adherent organs, HOI was present even when not suspected intraoperatively. Histologic subtype may predict HOI because DDLPS and LMS are associated with high rates of HOI when invasion is suspected intraoperatively. Development of a data-driven, histology-specific rationale for adjacent organ resection is critical.
A Caged Enkephalin Optimized for Simultaneously Probing Mu and Delta Opioid Receptors.

Physiological responses to the opioid neuropeptide enkephalin often involve both mu and delta opioid receptors. To facilitate quantitative studies into opioid signaling, we previously developed a caged [Leu5]-enkephalin that responds to ultraviolet irradiation, but its residual activity at delta receptors confounds experiments that involve both receptors. To reduce residual activity, we evaluated side-chain, N-terminus, and backbone caging sites and further incorporated the dimethoxy-nitrobenzyl moiety to improve sensitivity to ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Residual activity was characterized using an in vitro functional assay, and the power dependence and kinetics of the uncaging response to 355 nm laser irradiation were assayed using electrophysiological recordings of mu opioid receptor-mediated potassium currents in brain slices of rat locus coeruleus. These experiments identified N-MNVOC-LE as an optimal compound. Using ultraviolet LED illumination to photoactivate N-MNVOC-LE in the CA1 re...
Organic Mental Disorders Associated with Heavy Drinking and Alcohol Dependence

Wernicke and Korsakoff first described their respective syndromes in the late nineteenth century, and they were linked to each other and to thiamine deficiency by the 1940s. Korsakoff's syndrome (alcohol amnestic disorder) became almost synonymous with alcohol-related organic mental disorder because of the apparent simplicity of its manifestations and pathology, while other, more diffuse cerebral dysfunction was relegated to the poorly defined term alcoholic dementia. Work in neuropsychology, pathology, and imaging studies during the last 15 years has resulted in a new understanding of the interactions of heavy drinking, nutritional deficiency states, premorbid factors, and associated medical pathology, such as head trauma. Heavy drinking appears to result in cortical deficits and mild to moderate amnesia (intermediate brain syndrome) through an interaction of direct neurotoxicity and premorbid and associated factors. Alcohol amnestic disorder seems to result from the synergistic combination of drinking, malnutrition, and genetic vulnerability to thiamine deficiency. Dementia associated with alcoholism is most likely a combination of intermediate brain syndrome and alcohol amnestic disorder.
Abstract 16444: Aging on Cardiovascular Functional and Structural Responses: Does the Presence of β3-Adrenergic Receptors Have a Role?

Background: Aging has a remarkable effect on the heart and arterial system. Although cardiovascular functional responses to aging have not been fully investigated, recent evidence suggests that car...
On the Value of the Umbilical Cord Blood Supply.

Abstract Background Several public cord blood banks are struggling financially, and the question remains as to whether additional allocations of funds to them are justified. Objectives To estimate the social benefits of public cord blood bank inventory net of cord blood banks' operational costs. Methods We used publicly available data from the Health Resources and Service Administration on the number of annual cord blood transplants as well as the patient age distribution in 2010, and the survival estimates between 2008 and 2012 for the several diseases treated by cord blood transplantation. Data on aggregate annual costs to the cord blood industry for recruitment, processing, and storage were obtained from published work. We used estimated increases in life expectancy due to treatment using umbilical cord blood and value for life-years gained to estimate the social benefits of the public cord blood inventory annually. Results We found that the annual social benefits of between $500 million and $1.5 billion outweigh the current operational annual costs of running cord blood banks of $60 to $70 million by a significant margin. Conclusions We estimated that the annual social benefit of having a cord blood system far outweighs its costs, by more than an order of magnitude. Thus, the social benefits of maintaining the US public cord blood banking system at the present time far outweigh the costs of collecting, storing, and distributing cord blood. This suggests that there is a potential justification for government intervention to align social benefits and costs. Nevertheless, simple fixes may produce unintended consequences, and so a careful design for subsidies is needed.
Towards Computing Distances Between Programs via Scott Domains

This paper introduces an approach to defining and computing distances between programs via continuous generalized distance functions ρ: A×A→D, where A and D are directed complete partial orders with the induced Scott topology, A is a semantic domain, and D is a domain representing distances (usually, some version of interval numbers). A continuous distance function ρ can define a To topology on a nontrivial domain A only if the axiom ∃0 e D.∀x e A.ρ(x,x)=0 does not hold. Hence, the notion of relaxed metric is introduced for domains — the axiom ρ(x,x)=0 is eliminated, but the axiom ρ(x,y)=ρ(y,x) and a version of the triangle inequality tailored for the domain D remain.
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Aortic Regurgitation

Aortic regurgitation occurs when a fraction of the blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta during systole flows back into the left ventricle during diastole. The onset may be acute or chronic depending on etiology, and can be categorized as mild, moderate, or severe (Table 1). This backflow of blood results in both volume and pressure overload of the left ventricle leading to increased left ventricular work. Volume overload can, over time, lead to left ventricular dilation and hypertrophy. Although many patients with aortic regurgitation remain asymptomatic for many years, significant aortic regurgitation can eventually lead to congestive heart failure. Echocardiography plays a valuable role in the assessment and management of patients with underlying aortic regurgitation.
Expansion of the Priority Review Voucher Program Under the 21st Century Cures Act: Implications for Innovation and Public Health.

The U.S. federal government awards a priority review voucher (“PRV”) to a pharmaceutical manufacturer after the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approves a product for one of a list of voucher-eligible indications. The voucher, which can be transferred or sold, allows the company to accelerate the review timeline of another product for any indication. The PRV program was proposed in 2006 as an incentive for research and development for neglected diseases, such as dengue and leishmaniasis. Neglected tropical diseases (“NTDs”) predominantly affect the world’s poorest populations and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite their global public health importance, neglected diseases were estimated to account for less than 1% of pharmaceutical research and development expenditures. The voucher program was intended to address this gap between investment and disease burden: “[t]he major obstacle to stimulating the R&D of new medicines for neglected diseases is lowincome nations' inability to pay for such medicines.” The voucher would provide an additional financial incentive to fund clinical development of these products without requiring additional appropriations from Congress.
Circadian regulation of membrane physiology in neural oscillators throughout the brain.

Twenty-four-hour rhythmicity in physiology and behavior are driven by changes in neurophysiological activity that vary across the light-dark and rest-activity cycle. Although this neural code is most prominent in neurons of the primary circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, there are many other regions in the brain where region-specific function and behavioral rhythmicity may be encoded by changes in electrical properties of those neurons. In this review, we explore the existing evidence for molecular clocks and/or neurophysiological rhythms (i.e., 24 hr) in brain regions outside the SCN. In addition, we highlight the brain regions that are ripe for future investigation into the critical role of circadian rhythmicity for local oscillators. For example, the cerebellum expresses rhythmicity in over 2,000 gene transcripts, and yet we know very little about how circadian regulation drives 24-hr changes in the neural coding responsible for motor coordination. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of how our understanding of circadian regulation of electrical properties may yield insight into disease mechanisms which may lead to novel chronotherapeutic strategies in the future.
Documenting Latinx lives: Visual anthropology and Latinx studies

This essay reflects on teaching college students to use the medium of film/video to explore contemporary issues that affect the everyday lives of Latinx populations in the United States. Drawing on experiences with (mostly Latinx) students in a documentary filmmaking class at Rutgers University, as well as on my own visual, documentary, and ethnographic practice at the intersection of Latinx studies and visual anthropology, I discuss the distinct representational techniques, dilemmas and possibilities that different storytelling strategies in ethnographic and documentary films hold for representing and knowing Latinx social experiences, as well as some of the steps to follow when contemplating the use of film and video in the context of ethnographic projects in Latinx communities. In doing so, I address some key issues that have shaped past and current debates about the visual representation and circulation of Latinx communities, both in Latinx studies and in visual anthropology.
Guiding Students to Discover CS Concepts and Develop Process Skills Using POGIL

This workshop introduces Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) to anyone who teaches CS or related subjects. In a POGIL classroom, teams of 3-4 learners work on activities with a particular structure based on learning cycles. Through scripted inquiry and investigation, learners discover concepts and construct their own knowledge. Using assigned team roles and other scaffolding, learners develop process skills and individual responsibility. The teacher is not a lecturer, but an active facilitator who helps all students to be engaged and achieve the learning objectives.POGIL is an evidence-based approach that has been shown to improve student performance significantly. Workshop participants will work through POGIL activities as students and complete meta-activities designed to introduce core POGIL concepts, practices, and benefits. We will share POGIL materials for a variety of CS courses. For more information, see http://IntroCSpogil.org and http://pogil.org, where you will find activities for CS1, CS2, and other courses.
The isometry degree of a computable copy of ℓp

Suppose p is a computable real so that \(p \ge 1\). We define the isometry degree of a computable presentation of \(\ell ^p\) to be the least powerful Turing degree \(\mathbf {d}\) by which it is \(\mathbf {d}\)-computably isometrically isomorphic to the standard presentation of \(\ell ^p\). We show that this degree always exists and that when \(p \ne 2\) these degrees are precisely the c.e. degrees.
Irving Fisher and the mechanistic character of twentieth century accounting thought

This paper provides an overview of the influence of Newtonian mechanics on the development of neoclassical economic theory and highlights Fisher's role in the popularization of the resulting mechanical conception of economics. The paper also portrays Fisher's The Nature of Capital and Income — a work which has been aptly characterized as the “first economic theory of accounting” — as the first move toward the colonization of accounting by economics. The result of Fisher's influence has been a paradigmatic linkage between the Newtonian world view of science, neoclassical economics, and mainstream academic accounting thought. The picture that emerges from this linkage is then used as a backdrop against which the emerging challenges to economics-based accounting thought are highlighted.
Legal and policy developments in the education of students with emotional/behavioral disorders

The purpose of this article is to examine three major legal and policy developments that will have a profound effect on the education of students with emotional and behavioral disorders. The two legal issues are least restrictive environment and students with emotional and behavioral disorders and disciplining students who present a danger to staff and students. In the policy realm we will explicate recent developments regarding the inclusion of students with disabilities in accountability systems. Implications of these developments are discussed in terms of impact on special education. Language: en
Regulating Nonclassical Pathways of Silicalite‐1 Crystallization through Controlled Evolution of Amorphous Precursors

Differentiating mechanisms of zeolite crystallization is challenging owing to the vast number of species in growth solutions. The presence of amorphous colloidal particles is ubiquitous in many zeolite syntheses, and has led to extensive efforts to understand the driving force(s) for their self-assembly and putative roles in processes of nucleation and growth. In this study, we use a combination of in situ scanning probe microscopy, particle dissolution measurements, and colloidal stability assays to elucidate the degree to which silica nanoparticles evolve in their structure during the early stages of silicalite-1 synthesis. We show how changes in precursor structure are mediated by the presence of organics, and demonstrate how these changes lead to significant differences in precursor-crystal interactions that alter preferred modes of crystal growth. Our findings provide guidelines for selectively controlling silicalite-1 growth by particle attachment or monomer addition, thus allowing for the manipulation of anisotropic rates of crystallization. In doing so, we also address a longstanding question regarding what factors are at our disposal to switch from a nonclassical to classical mechanism.