cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyberstalking: Utilizing Newspaper Accounts to Establish Victimization Patterns

Abstract This manuscript reports the findings of an exploratory study that examines cyberstalking incidents as reported in newspapers in order to better understand victimization patterns. Several variables are examined including type and frequency of victimization (i.e., behaviors that constitute cyberstalking), the gender of the victim, and the relationship between the victim and the offender. An application of Roberts and Dziegielewski's (2006) stalking typology is employed to see how well this typology explains offender motive. Findings include that females are most likely to be the victims of cyberstalking while males are most likely to be the offenders. In most cases, the victim and offender do not have a prior relationship. Offender motive for cyberstalking differs from stalking; however, the stalking typology is a good fit for classifying cyberstalking offender motive.
4-Hydroxynezyl alcohol. A methabolite produced during the vbiosynthesis of thiamine in Escherichia coli

4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as a metabolite of Escherichia coli when it is grown on a medium containing no thiamine or 4-methyl-5-beta-hydroxyethyl thiazole. 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol was found to be derived from L-tyrosine and the amount produced was found to be inhibited by the addition of thiamine to the growth medium. The amount of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol produced, as measured by isotopic dilution, was shown to be equivalent to the amount of thiamine formed. Based on these observations, it was concluded that 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol is the cleavage product produced during the biosynthesis of the thiazole moiety of thiamine from tyrosine.
Quantifying desert-fringe vegetation changes from satellite observations by inverting plant-element models

In previous studies, desert-fringe vegetation densities were assessed in an ungrazed semi-arid rangeland in Utah and in an animal exclosure in the arid Sinai. Applying satellite measurements of reflectances, the dark vertical cylinders (DVC) model for desert-scrub (characterized by predominantly vertical architecture) was inverted. In the present study a new plane-parallel model is presented, which treats the canopy as a layer of small Lambertian spheres (SLS), or small facets (leaves) with a specific distribution of the leaf area, where the Schonberg function of the angle between the solar beam and the view direction specifies the reflectance from the canopy. The SLS model is inverted with the satellite-measured reflectances of the Sinai exclosure and the surrounding overgrazed, practically bare-soil terrain. The SLS-model inversion results are compared with DVC results. Both models provide plausible canopy characterizations, but the SLS model is more realistic when viewing from the zenith with sun at a high elevation. The reflectance ratio of the dark plant-elements to the bright soil is key to assessing the density of the plants. In the inversion of the AVHRR visible and near-infrared data, the plant element reflectances in the infrared are adjusted so that the plant optical density in the infrared matches that determined in the visible spectral region. Early in the dry summer season (after the winter rains), high infrared reflectances are inferred, but sharply lower infrared reflectances, appropriate for the dried out plants, are found in the later stages of the dry season. This result, that the physical changes in the plant conditions can be assessed, is highly encouraging for our SLS modeling effort.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Macular Edema after Scatter Laser Photocoagulation for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Fluorescein angiography showed perifoveal capillary leakage in three cases of macular edema after scatter laser photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The scatter laser photocoagulation in these cases may have been an important factor inthe pathogenesis of macular edema.
The computational complexity of probabilistic inference using Bayesian belief networks (research note)

Abstract Bayesian belief networks provide a natural, efficient method for representing probabilistic dependencies among a set of variables. For these reasons, numerous researchers are exploring the use of belief networks as a knowledge representation in artificial intelligence. Algorithms have been developed previously for efficient probabilistic inference using special classes of belief networks. More general classes of belief networks, however, have eluded efforts to develop efficient inference algorithms. We show that probabilistic inference using belief networks is NP-hard. Therefore, it seems unlikely that an exact algorithm can be developed to perform probabilistic inference efficiently over all classes of belief networks. This result suggests that research should be directed away from the search for a general, efficient probabilistic inference algorithm, and toward the design of efficient special-case, average-case, and approximation algorithms.
Biocatalytic desulfurization of thiophenic compounds and crude oil by newly isolated bacteria

Microorganisms possess enormous highly specific metabolic activities, which enable them to utilize and transform nearly every known chemical class present in crude oil. In this context, one of the most studied biocatalytic processes is the biodesulfurization (BDS) of thiophenic sulfur-containing compounds such as benzothiophene (BT) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) in crude oils and refinery streams. Three newly isolated bacterial strains, which were affiliated as Rhodococcus sp. strain SA11, Stenotrophomonas sp. strain SA21, and Rhodococcus sp. strain SA31, were enriched from oil contaminated soil in the presence of DBT as the sole S source. GC-FID analysis of DBT-grown cultures showed consumption of DBT, transient formation of DBT sulfone (DBTO2) and accumulation of 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP). Molecular detection of the plasmid-borne dsz operon, which codes for the DBT desulfurization activity, revealed the presence of dszA, dszB, and dszC genes. These results point to the operation of the known 4S pathway in the BDS of DBT. The maximum consumption rate of DBT was 11 µmol/g Dry Cell Weight (DCW)/h and the maximum formation rate of 2-HBP formation was 4 µmol/g DCW/h. Inhibition of both cell growth and DBT consumption by 2-HBP was observed for all isolates but SA11 isolate was the least affected. The isolated biocatalysts desulfurized other model DBT alkylated homologs. SA11 isolate was capable of desulfurizing BT as well. Resting cells of SA11 exhibited 10% reduction in total sulfur present in heavy crude oil and 18% reduction in total sulfur present in the hexane-soluble fraction of the heavy crude oil. The capabilities of the isolated bacteria to survive and desulfurize a wide range of S compounds present in crude oil are desirable traits for the development of a robust BDS biocatalyst to upgrade crude oils and refinery streams.
Optimum P levels for arsenic removal from contaminated groundwater by Pteris vittata L. of different ages.

Abstract Optimization of arsenic uptake by Pteris vittata may reduce the remediation time and cost of arsenic-contaminated groundwater. This greenhouse experiment evaluated the effects of five doses of P (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 μM P) and two fern ages (45 and 90 d old) on the effectiveness of arsenic removal using 18 L of contaminated groundwater per plant. Arsenic-depletion was monitored weekly over a period of 74 d. It took 38 d for 45-d ferns in the no P treatment to deplete the arsenic to the target concentration of 10 μg L−1 from 126 μg L−1. During the 74-d study, the best treatment for 90-d ferns was at 150 μM of P, reducing the arsenic concentration to 12 μg L−1. Because arsenic uptake and removal is inversely related to the P-status, P-free Hoagland solution would maximize arsenic uptake in a short term. However, on a long-term basis, ministering the 0.2-strength Hoagland solution at 150 μM P may be an effective approach for maximizing plant biomass production and arsenic removal.
Endocrine late effects among survivors of cancer

Abstract Multiagent chemotherapy and radiation, particularly alkylating agents and direct radiation to the ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, and hypothalamic pituitary axis are the major causes of endocrine dysfunction in survivors of cancer. Although many of these late effects cannot be reversed, early identification and intervention are imperative to decrease potential adverse changes resulting from gland failure (eg, estrogen depletion). Nurses working with patients who have been treated for cancer must be alerted to the potential for organ dysfunction and should evaluate those patients at high risk in a systematic manner.
The chronic toxicity of lauryl gallate

Long-term feeding experiments with albino rats involving concentrations of lauryl gallate as high as 0.5% in the daily diet produced no deleterious effects as judged by food intake, rate of growth, gross observations at time of autopsy, and histopathological examination of tissues. Diets containing 1.0% lauryl gallate definitely inhibited growth of male rats and retarded growth of females slightly. Levels of 2.5 and 5% lauryl gallate caused no histopathological changes in various organs but decreased the food intake to a point where starvation was an obvious factor in death of the animals. Lauryl gallate produced skin irritation but did not produce skin sensitization. The property of skin irritation might be of importance to workers engaged in the production and handling of lauryl gallate. There is no evidence to indicate that ingestion of slight amounts, such as might be encountered in edible fats and oils protected against oxidation, would produce harmful effects.
HLA-linked B cell alloantigens of a new segregant series: Population and family studies of the SB antigens

In order to define the new human histocompatibility antigens, we have generalized primed lymphocytes using responder and stimulator cells matched for all recognized HLA-linked histocompatibility antigens (A,B,C,D,DR,MB). Many such primed lymphocytes give highly discriminatory proliferative responses specific for antigens which differ between HLA-A,B,C,D,DR, and MB matched restimulating cells. Five distinct antigens have been defined which appear to be part of a single segregant series (designated "SB"). Studies in a DR/GLO recombinant family indicate that the antigens are coded by an HLA-linked gene telomeric to GLO. Family studies of 57 HLA haplotypes provide an estimate of genotype frequency which is 12% or less for four of the SB alleles but approximately 50% for the most common (SB4, which may be a "public: determinant); approximately 25% of haplotypes are blank. Population studies of one of the SB antigens (SB1) suggest that it is in linkage disequilibrium with the SB antigens are part of a highly polymorphic new segregant series of B cell alloantigens encoded by a gene that maps between HLA-B and GLO.
Acid-catalyzed condensation of oleic acid into estolides and polyestolides

Oleic acid, when treated with 1.0 equivalent of perchloric acid at 50°C, produced a 76% yield of polyestolide. The concentration of mineral acid greatly affected the rate of estolide formation, with increased rates under high acid concentrations. Over a range of temperatures from room temperature to 100°C, reaction rates increased at higher temperatures. However, high acid concentrations and temperatures produced undesirable side products, primarily lactones. Other acids catalyze the condensation of oleic acid to form estolide with the following relative rates: HClO4 >H2SO4>p-toluenesulfonic>BF3·Et2O> montmorillonite K-10>HCl>H3PO4, HNO3. Addition of water impedes the formation of estolide.
Stoichiometric Complexes of Synthetic Polypeptides and Oppositely Charged Surfactants in Organic Solvents and in the Solid State

Properties of the stoichiometric complex formed by poly(L-lysine) cations and dodecyl sulfate anions in organic solvents and in the solid state were investigated via viscometry, 1 H NMR, infrared, circular dichroism, and X-ray diffraction techniques. In dilute solutions in chloroform with up to 10 vol % of trifluoroacetic acid, the complex neither forms interchain aggregates nor dissociates to yield free surfactant. In chloroform solutions containing small amounts of trifluoroacetic acid (1-2 vol %), the polypeptide chains are in an α-helical conformation, while a transition to a disordered form occurs at higher trifluoroacetic acid contents (4-6 vol %). The helix-coil transition of the poly(L-lysine) chains is accompanied by a decrease in the 1 H spin-lattice relaxation times of the polypeptide chain segments, while the relaxation times of the surfactant chains remain essentially unchanged. In chloroformtrifluoroacetic acid mixtures, the α-helical conformation of the poly(L-lysine) chains is stabilized by increasing temperature. Polypeptide chains in the solid complex can adopt either α-helical or β-sheet conformations, depending on the trifluoroacetic acid content of the chloroform solution used for film casting. The solid complex is organized into a lamellar structure consisting of alternating layers of poly(L-lysine) chains and double layers of surfactant, arranged tail to tail.
Application of the strongly coupled-mode theory to integrated optical devices

A theory for strongly coupled waveguides is discussed and applied to two- and three-waveguide couplers and optical wavelength filters. This theory makes use of an exact analytical relation governing the coupling coefficients and the overlap integrals. It removes almost all of the constraints imposed by a simpler and approximate coupled-mode theory by Marcatili. It also satisfies the energy conservation and the reciprocity theorem self-consistently. We show very good numerical results with the overlap integral as large as 49 percent. The applications to electrooptical modulators, power dividers, power transfer devices, and optical filters are all presented with numerical results.
A hybrid photonic crystal microcavity in strong coupling regime

A hybrid photonic crystal cavity structure is designed for 2D polariton study by integrating a high-index-contrast grating into a vertical microcavity. The new structure allows unique photon and polariton dispersions compared with conventional DBR-DBR cavity.
Advances in the management of retinopathy of prematurity

Retinopathy of prematurity is one of the leading causes of blindness in medically advanced countries and is becoming more prevalent in developing countries. It affects premature infants and may result in retinal detachment and significant visual impairment. Management of retinopathy of prematurity begins in the nursery with screening and follow-up examinations. When required, prompt treatment is carried out via laser diode photoablation of the avascular retina to prevent retinal detachment. Treatment prior to threshold is more effective in preventing retinal detachment and vitrectomy is effective for some cases of stage 4 disease. Telemedicine screening is evolving and may have particular application for underserved areas. Novel treatments are under investigation and show promising results in animal studies.
Sportsmanship in Young Athletes: The Role of Competitiveness, Motivational Orientation, and Perceived Purposes of Sport

The purpose of the study was to evaluate measures of competitiveness, motivational orientation, and perceived purposes of participation as predictors of sportsmanship in a sample of 319 young participants in sports. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that intrinsic reasons for sports participation, such as enhanced self-esteem and task mastery, predicted higher levels on multiple dimensions of sportsmanship, above and beyond the influence of competitiveness, motivational orientation, and various demographic variables. In contrast, extrinsic purposes for participation in sports, such as to obtain social status and a high-status career, contributed to lower levels on 3 of the 4 sportsmanship dimensions. These results are discussed with regard to developing a competitive sport setting that promotes ethical standards of interpersonal behavior for young participants in sports.
Cellular Immune Responsiveness of Uveitis Patients to Retinal S-Antigen

S-antigen, an organ-specific substance isolated from the retinal photoreceptor region, was shown to be a potent agent for the induction of experimental autoimmune uveitis. S-antigen and other ocular antigens were tested for their ability to induce blast transformation of lymphocytes from patients with a variety of ocular inflammatory diseases. Lymphocytes from 22% of patients tested manifested a positive memory response to the S-antigen prepared from bovine eyes. Responses to human S-antigen paralleled those found with the bovine. All of those with a positive response had active or inactive retinal lesions. Some posterior uveitis patients responded to crude retinal extracts but not to S-antigen, indicating the possible role of other retinal antigens still to be purified. Control subjects did not manifest a positive immune response to the S-antigen, nor did patients with anterior uveitis. Possibly, these responses play some role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Oxygen stoichiometry, structure and superconductivity in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x

Abstract Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+ x (2212) was synthesized from freeze-dried precursors. The oxygen content of 2212 was determined as a function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure by thermogravimetry. Four-probe resistivity measurements performed on 2212 confirmed the results of thermogravimetry. The influence of oxygen nonstoichimetry on the structure and T c of 2212 was determined. It was found that 2212 without excess oxygen ( x = 0) is superconducting. This points to the role of the (BiO) ∞ layers as a source for holes in 2212. It was also found that samples of 2212 with the same oxygen content had different T c ′S depending on thermal history, This difference in T c is thought to arise from oxygen occupying different sites in the lattice while maintaining the same total oxygen content. The conclusions are indirectly supported by measurements of the rates of oxygen intercalation and oxygen removal in 2212.
What is Mental Representation? A Study of its Elements and How They Lead to Language:

Mental representation as a psychoanalytic concept has never found a central place in the family of psychoanalytic concepts and gradually has become a stepchild. A modest conceptual outline of infant mental development may help the mental representation concept become more central. The following ideas are hypothesized: (1) Registration is viewed separately from representation so that two distinct types of registration are initiated, one for distinctly mental phenomena, the other for unconscious, reflexive phenomena. (2) Perceptual-apperceptual focus is central, so that consciousness and interest in thinking always occur together whenever registrations are of the mental type. (3) A developmental schema process is proposed that will fill the humanistic object-self and motivational gap between Piaget's and Freud's ideas. (4) Analogy, metaphor, and syntax are seen to contribute to (in addition to being contributed to by) schema formation. (5) The mind is conceived as both an organization of information and as ...
The Influence of Ethylenediamine Tetra Acetic Acid on Serum Calcium in Male Chickens

Abstract THE importance of calcium as related to the normal function of the animal body is well established. Inasmuch as the laying hen must mobilize up to 2.0 grams of calcium for every egg that is laid, the importance of the intricacies of calcium mobilization for this species is readily apparent. The oviduct itself has little or no reserve of calcium, therefore, according to Branion (1938), this element must be supplied by the circulating blood. Hughes et al. (1927) and Driggers (1940) observed that the serum calcium of laying hens varies greatly. It may rise to 2 or 3 times the normal level; whereas, with male birds, serum calcium level remains fairly constant. Much is yet to be learned about the mechanisms which determine the rate of mobilization of calcium into the blood as well as the distribution of total blood calcium between the ionic and the bound forms. In the …
Dysferlin at transverse tubules regulates Ca2+ homeostasis in skeletal muscle

The class of muscular dystrophies linked to the genetic ablation or mutation of dysferlin, including Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2B (LGMD2B) and Miyoshi Myopathy (MM), are late-onset degenerative diseases. In lieu of a genetic cure, treatments to prevent or slow the progression of dysferlinopathy are of the utmost importance. Recent advances in the study of dysferlinopathy have highlighted the necessity for the maintenance of calcium handling in altering or slowing the progression of muscular degeneration resulting from the loss of dysferlin. This review highlights new evidence for a role for dysferlin at the transverse (t-) tubule of striated muscle, where it is involved in maintaining t-tubule structure and function.
Formation of core?shell micro/nano particles through pulsed-laser deposition in liquid

A new methodology for generating core?shell micro/nanoparticle (CSPs) based on laser ablation in liquid is developed. This new method showed no observable restriction for generating core and shell materials of different combinations. However, to form a high-quality shell with the new method, the adhesion energy between the core and the shell material should be as high as possible. The obtained thickness and smoothness of the shell are also affected by amount of ablation time and the applied laser energy. Based on the test, smoother (i.e. with less condensed island growth) and thicker shell can be achieved with longer ablation time and lower ablation energy. The developed new methodology can be directly extended to the generation of multiple layered core?shell micro/nanoparticles with different configurations through introducing more ablation targets in the liquid.
Comparison of symptom distress between World War II ex-POWs and Vietnam combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder

Abstract The SCL-90R was used to compare World War II PTSD (ex-POWs) and non-PTSD veterans with Vietnam War PTSD and non-PTSD veterans. While PTSD veterans reported more distress than non-PTSD veterans, Vietnam veterans reported greater distress than WWII veterans.
Mediating the boundaries Second-generation Korean American adolescents’ use of transnational Korean media as markers of social boundaries

This article builds on media use scholarship by focusing on an understudied population, second-generation Korean American adolescents, and their use of transnational media. The primary findings are that second-generation Korean Americans use transnational media as cultural resources through which they construct ‘new ethnicities’ that are situated at the borders of their identities as members of the Korean diaspora whose everyday experiences are rooted in their status as marginalized racialized ethnic minorities in the US. Second-generation Korean Americans build inter-ethnic boundaries to create a unique identity that separates themselves from the controlling gaze of dominant culture and to build intra-ethnic boundaries to differentiate between authentic and inauthentic Korean Americans. To do so, they draw on knowledge of Korean popular culture as it comes to be known through transnational Korean media. Finally, their use of Korean media is also influenced by their local views of gender and, in particula...
Transfer cells and solute uptake in minor veins of Pisum sativum leaves.

Morphometric and physiological studies were conducted to determine whether the wall ingrowths of transfer cells in the minor-vein phloem of Pisum sativum L. leaves increase the capacity of the cells for solute influx. Size and number of wall ingrowths are positively correlated to the photon flux density (PFD) at which the plants are grown. An analysis of plasmodesmatal frequencies indicated that numerous plasmodesmata are present at all interfaces except those between the sieveelement-transfer-cell complex (SE-TCC) and surrounding cells where plasmodesmata are present but few in number. Flux of exogenous sucrose into the SE-TCC was estimated from kinetic profiles of net sucrose influx into leaf discs, quantitative autoradiography, and measurements of sucrose translocation. Flux based both on the saturable (carrier-mediated) and the linear components of influx was 47% greater in leaves of plants grown at high PFD (1000 μmol·m−2·s−1) than those grown in low PFD (200 μmol·m−2·s−1) and was paralleled by a 47% increase in SE-TCC plasmalemma surface area. Flux of endogenous photosynthate across the SE-TCC plasmalemma was calculated from carbon balance and morphometric data. The increase in flux in high-light leaves over that in low-light leaves can be explained on the basis of an increase in plasmalemma surface area. In intact leaves, a ‘standing osmotic gradient’ may facilitate transport of solute into transfer cells with extensive wall elaborations.
Electron stimulated desorption from thin organic films

Abstract Electron stimulated desorption (ESD) is examined from a polymerized methylglutamatic acid (PMG) monolayer and from a thin soap film after exposure to a series of adsorbates with varying polarization. ESD spectra from the PMG film are dominated by product ions attributed to the water of hydration (H + , OH + , H 2 O + ) regardless of subsequent adsorbate exposure. ESD spectra from the soap film also exhibit H 2 O related peaks, however, the adsorption of a nonpolar adsorbate (heptane) is detectable through the appearance of H + 2 as a desorption product. A linear dependence of ESD product ions with incident electron current is observed. ESD total cross-sections were measured on these surfaces to be in the range of 10 −16 -10 −18 cm 2 .
Identification of a Schistosoma mansoni sporocyst excretory-secretory antioxidant molecule and its effect on superoxide production by Biomphalaria glabrata hemocytes.

Abstract Excretory-secretory (E-S) products obtained during in vitro Schistosoma mansoni miracidium-to-sporocyst transformation were found to contain a 108-kDa polypeptide capable of scavenging both exogenously produced and M-line Biomphalaria glabrata hemocyte-derived superoxide (O 2 − ) anions. Separation of crude transformation E-S products using HPLC and ion exchange chromotography resulted in the separation of two isoforms of the 108-kDa molecule. Using an in vitro phagocytosis assay, both isoforms were found to be capable of reducing O 2 − production by phagocytically stimulated M-line B. glabrata hemocytes without cell loss and without a concomitant reduction in phagocytosis. Although parasite antioxidant molecules appear to play a role in the evasion of host oxidative defense systems in several parasite-vertebrate systems, no previous reports of a parasite antioxidant capability against the potential of oxidative killing by invertebrate defense systems has been reported. In conjunction with the previously confirmed production of O 2 − by B. glabrata hemocytes and reports of reactive oxygen metabolite production by hemocytes from several molluscan species, these results indicate that reactive forms of oxygen and parasite antioxidant systems may play an important role in the determination of compatibility in the trematode-mollusc relationship.
Successful treatment of massive carbamazepine overdose.

Summary: Overdose of carbamazepine (CBZ) can be fatal. We report the case of a patient with near-lethal toxicity due to delayed absorption of drug. A 36-year-old woman was admitted with coma, hypotension, and unusual movements. Carbamazepine (CBZ) level several hours later was 36 mg/L. Gastric lavage revealed no pill fragments, and activated charcoal was administered. CBZ level initially fell, reaching 28 mg/L 36 h after admission. Blood level then rose sharply, reaching 54 mg/L 64 h after admission. The pattern of rise suggested renewed absorption of drug. Vigorous cathartics were given, and further doses of charcoal were administered. Three hours after onset of diarrhea, roving eye movements occurred. Two hours later she grimaced to pain. Eight hours after the onset of diarrhea, she was awake. In CBZ overdose, activated charcoal therapy coupled with aggressive intestinal purging helps prevent continued absorption of drug, late exacerbation of symptoms, and potentially fatal outcome. RESUME lintoxication par la carbamazepine (CBZ) peut etre fatale. Les auteurs rapportent le cas une patiente ayant presente une intoxication presque fatale en raison d'une absorption differee du medicament. Une femme de 36 ans a ete admise dans un etat de coma avec hypotension et mouvements anormaux. Le taux sanguins de CBZ obtenu quelques heures plus tard etait de 36 mg/l. Le lavage gastrique ne permit pas de ramener de fragments de comprimes, et du charbon active fut administre. Lex taux sanguins de CBZ commencerent par chuter a 28 mg/l a la 36eme heure, puis monterent brutalement a 54 mg/l a la 64eme heure. Le profil elevation des taux suggerait existence lune nou-velle absorption. Une purge vigoureuse fut administree. 3 heures apres debut de la diarrhee, des mouvements pendulaires des yeux furent constates; deux heures plus tard, reaction de grimace a la douleur. 8 heures apres le debut de la diarrhee, la patiente etait reveillee. Dans intoxication par la CBZ, L'administration de charbon active associees a une purge intestinale energique previent la poursuite de absorption du medicament, de l'exacerbation des symptomes, et le deces eVentuel.
Prostaglandin levels: Predictors of indomethacin responsiveness

Pretreatment plasma dilator prostaglandin levels were measured in 16 premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus in an attempt to correlate abnormally elevated levels with clinical responsiveness to indomethacin therapy. Nine of the 16 infants responded well to indomethacin, with complete disappearance of their murmurs by 48 h. Eight of these nine infants had elevated baseline 6 keto PGF1α levels (>500 pg/ml).
Obturator nerve transfer as an option for femoral nerve repair: case report.

Objective Nerve transfers have proved to be an important addition to the armamentarium in the repair of brachial plexus lesions, but have been used sparingly for lower extremity nerve repair. Here, we present what is believed to be the first description of a successful transfer of the obturator nerve to the femoral nerve. Clinical presentation A 45-year-old woman presented with a complete femoral nerve lesion after removal of a large (15-cm) schwannoma of the retroperitoneum involving the lumbar plexus. Intervention The obturator nerve was transferred to the distal stump of the femoral nerve in the retroperitoneal space at the inguinal ligament three months post-injury. At 2 years post-repair, the patient demonstrated 4 out of 5 return (Medical Research Council grade) of quadriceps function and was able to walk nearly normally. Conclusion In cases in which there are extensive gaps in the femoral nerve, transfer of the obturator nerve provides an option to traditional nerve graft repair.
[Ca2+]i Oscillations in Sympathetic Neurons: An Experimental Test of a Theoretical Model

[Ca2+]i oscillations have been described in a variety of cells. This study focuses on caffeine-induced [Ca2+]i oscillations in sympathetic neurons. Previous work has shown that these oscillations require Ca2+ entry from the extracellular medium and Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release from a caffeine- and ryanodine-sensitive store. The aim of the study was to understand the mechanism responsible for the oscillations. As a starting point, [Ca2+]i relaxations were examined after membrane depolarization and exposure to caffeine. For both stimuli, post-stimulus relaxations could be described by the sum of two decaying exponential functions, consistent with a one-pool system in which Ca2+ transport between compartments is regulated by linear Ca2+ pumps and leaks. After modifying the store to include a [Ca2+]i-sensitive leak, the model also exhibits oscillations such as those observed experimentally. The model was tested by comparing measured and predicted net Ca2+ fluxes during the oscillatory cycle. Three independent fluxes were measured, describing the rates of 1) Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane, 2) Ca2+ release by the internal store, and 3) Ca2+ extrusion across the plasma membrane and uptake by the internal store. Starting with estimates of the model parameters deduced from post-stimulus relaxations and the rapid upstroke, a set of parameter values was found that provides a good description of [Ca2+]i throughout the oscillatory cycle. With the same parameter values, there was also good agreement between the measured and simulated net fluxes. Thus, a one-pool model with a single [Ca2+]i-sensitive Ca2+ permeability is adequate to account for many of the quantitative properties of steady-state [Ca2+]i oscillations in sympathetic neurons. Inactivation of the intracellular Ca2+ permeability, cooperative nonlinear Ca2+ uptake and extrusion mechanisms, and functional links between plasma membrane Ca2+ transport and the internal store are not required.
Measurement of transient thrombus deposition on polymeric materials

Abstract The method developed to measure transient thrombus deposition from arterial blood on polymeric surfaces involves infusion of small amounts of 125 I-labeled fibrinogen and 51 Cr-labeled platelets into the circulation of anesthetized mongrel dogs. Radioactivity adsorbed to the walls of femoral A-V shunts was counted to measure fibrin and platelet deposition with time following initial blood-polymer contact. Shunt segments were obtained at each datum for scanning electron microscopy of adhered thrombus material. Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC), recognized as having poor blood compatibility, elicited rapid platelet and fibrin activation resulting in a transient maximum of thrombus deposition after 10 to 15 minutes of blood contact. Adherent thrombi subsequently left the surface. Contact of blood with segmented polyetherurethane (BIOMER) resulted in minimal platelet and fibrin deposition. Morphological analysis by electron microscopy confirmed these observations. This method can be used to determine the thrombogenic and embolic potential of polymeric surfaces and may be used to elucidate the mechanisms of artificial surface induced thrombosis.
Correlational analysis of seven procedures for determining areas of chromatographic curves

Abstract Seven widely different methods were used to measure 184 peaks from gas chromatograms. Nine ancillary measures known to influence area measurements were also determined. A correlational analysis of these was made to determine the exact influence of the ancillary variables on each of the area measurements, and to determine whether any one of the methods was superior to another. The ancillary variables had only minor influence on any of the procedures. Peak height was the primary determinant of precision with any method. All methods were essentially identical in precision justifying the use of a correction constant with any of the methods where it is desirable also to report an accurate result. Even a procedure as approximate as the rectangular one yields quite adequate results and at great economy in time and money, and is easily adaptable to automatic determination.
New algebraic approach for an exact solution of the nuclear mean-field plus orbit-dependent pairing hamiltonian

Abstract An infinite dimensional algebraic approach is introduced to derive exact particle-number conserving solutions of the nuclear mean-field plus separable orbit-dependent pairing Hamiltonian. As examples, some low-lying levels, spectroscopic factors, and even-odd mass differences of 58 – 65 Ni isotopes are calculated and compared with experimental values, shell model, and equal strength pairing results. Some limiting cases of the model Hamiltonian are also discussed.
Interaction of water with bioactive glass surfaces

Abstract The bioactivity of bioactive glasses is related to their dissolution in the presence of body fluid, or water. The dissolution process involves disruption of the tetrahedral network structure through the formation of silanol groups on the take-up of water by bioactive glasses. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the dissolution energy varies considerably depending on the nature and environment of the Si–O–Si bond being broken. However, no obvious correlation with bioactivity is observed, suggesting that although the network disruption is a necessary process, it is not rate determining.
The rationale for pre-race aspirin to protect susceptible runners from sudden cardiac death during marathons: Deconstructing the Pheidippides conundrum

Objectives: While endurance exercise such as training for marathons is cardioprotective, cardiac arrests and sudden death occur in previously healthy runners during races predominantly in middle-aged males due to atherosclerotic heart disease. Recent evidence related to this problem is reviewed herein including epidemiologic studies and findings related to acute cardiac risk in asymptomatic middle-aged male runners during races. Method: Literature review related to the above. Findings: The risks of cardiac arrest and sudden death were 1 in 57,002 and 1 in 171,005 respectively in runners with a mean age of 49.7 years among 1,710,052 participants in marathons in the United States since 1980. Atherosclerotic heart disease was the cause of death in over 90% of cases in two retrospective studies and a greater than two-fold increase in cardiac arrests was observed in middle-aged men in the latter half of a 10-year prospective registry beginning in the year 2000. Asymptomatic middle-aged male runners showed elevated biomarkers of inflammation such as interleukin-6, C-reactive protein together with procoagulant effects including in vivo platelet activation, indicating susceptibility to atherothrombosis. Conclusions: Antithrombotic prophylaxis is evidence-based by validated clinical paradigms to prevent cardiac arrest and sudden death in susceptibile marathon runners at high risk for atherothrombosis during races.
Results from a multimedia testing and counseling program in an urban emergency department

Background This study evaluates a novel approach to counseling and testing in a high-volume inner-city ED which utilizes an HIV counselor and a multimedia tool for conveying video HIV information and electronically collecting risk factor data. We evaluated this program to assess the demographic and risk factor characteristics of all patients tested, patient-reported satisfaction with the program and outcomes for positive patients. Methods This prospective cross-sectional evaluation was conducted for 2 years. A convenience sample of medically stable patients presenting to an inner-city municipal hospital ED were recruited by 3 to 8 full-time equivalent HIV counselors. Previously developed and validated videos for HIV pre- and post-test counseling were used. Demographic characteristics, risk factors, and satisfaction information were collected using patient self-reporting on the touch screen computer. Data downloaded automatically into a secure database. Chart reviews were conducted by the HIV-positive patients’ medical provider to assess outcomes. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.
MDM2 Acts Downstream of p53 as an E3 Ligase to Promote FOXO Ubiquitination and Degradation

Members of the FOXO (forkhead O) class of transcription factors are tumor suppressors that also control aging and organismal life span. Mammalian FOXO degradation is proteasome-mediated, although the ubiquitin E3 ligase for FOXO factors remains to be defined. We show that MDM2 binds to FOXO1 and FOXO3A and promotes their ubiquitination and degradation, a process apparently dependent on FOXO phosphorylation at AKT sites and the E3 ligase activity of MDM2. Binding of MDM2 to FOXO occurs through the region of MDM2 that directs its cellular trafficking and the forkhead box of FOXO1. MDM2 promotes the ubiquitination of FOXO1 in a cell-free system, and its knockdown by small interfering RNA causes accumulation of endogenous FOXO3A protein in cells and enhances the expression of FOXO target genes. In cells stably expressing a temperature-sensitive p53 mutant, activation of p53 by shifting to permissive temperatures leads to MDM2 induction and degradation of endogenous FOXO3A. These data suggest that MDM2 acts as an ubiquitin E3 ligase, downstream of p53, to regulate the degradation of mammalian FOXO factors.
Self-dual codes over F2+uF2 with an automorphism of odd order

We complete the classification of all Lee-extremal and Lee-optimal self-dual codes over F"2+uF"2 of lengths 9 through 20 that have a nontrivial odd order automorphism begun in [W.C. Huffman, On the decomposition of self-dual codes over F"2+uF"2 with an automorphism of odd prime order, Finite Fields Appl., in press]. Along the way, we find all Lee-extremal self-dual codes over F"2+uF"2 of lengths 9 through 11.
Constrained sentence production in probable Alzheimer disease

This study examines the speech of older adults with and without probable Alzheimer disease (PAD) when they produce sentences that include a verb and two nouns provided by the experimenter. Compared to healthy controls, individuals with mild PAD produced fewer correct responses as well as anomalous proportions of active and passive sentences. Responses were particularly impaired when canonical sentence structures had to be suppressed and unusual sentence structures generated. The sentence production accuracy of individuals with PAD correlated strongly with performance on a picture-naming task. The findings support a theory in which the ability to fully activate semantic representations is impaired in PAD, resulting in proportional impairments on single-word and sentence production tasks.
SOME COMMENTS ON ACTIVITY-BASED APPROACHES TO THE ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF TRAVEL BEHAVIOR

This note presents the author's conjectures on several symptoms raised in Kitamura's assessment of activity-based travel analysis. It focuses on some of the characteristics of the development of activity-based approaches that may help explain their limited impact to date on travel demand forecasting practice. The broader role and potential contributions of activity analysis of the demand for infrastructure systems are emphasized.
A Farewell (Sort of)

When I was editor of HeartRhythm, I did not write many editorials. As I previously stated, “being editor does not automatically instill in me wisdom exceeding that possessed by any other, or thoughts more interesting or profound, that readers want to hear what I have to say on a regular basis.” However, when HeartRhythm Editor Peng-Sheng Chen asked me to write a “farewell” piece to leave readers with my (semi)final thoughts, I agreed to do so. I have spent many hours as an editor of multiple (seven) journals over the past 25 years. In addition to keeping me abreast of important developments in cardiology and electrophysiology, the role has provided me with insight into all forms of human behavior, since we as scientists and practitioners represent a microcosm of the entire human spectrum. However, unique to our medical profession is the overall intellect of the group and, weighted disproportionately, the genuine desire to serve and help our patients, and each other. This is not to say there isn’t fierce competition for “firsts,” but egregious transgressions are in small proportion to the authentic goodwill and friendship most readers, writers, and researchers in cardiology/EP show each other. Such behavior may not be found in all professions. The “ride” has been exciting and has provided the opportunity to compare past with present (beware of old gray heads as they reminisce – but that is what we do best). Life once was so much easier. We live in difficult times, not only in medicine but in the world in general. As I reflect back, the changes have been profound. Let me digress with three brief stories that illustrate how things were in “early times.” In the early seventies, maybe 1971 or 1972, amiodarone had not yet been used in patients in the U.S. Mauricio Rosenbaum, discoverer of its antiarrhythmic properties, was a visiting professor at Indiana University School of Medicine. I presented to him two patients with drug resistant ventricular tachycardia (VT). He reached into his pocket and drew out samples of amiodarone. “Why don't you try this?” he asked. Mauricio traveled regularly to New York City to visit a relative with palpitations and he always brought him a supply of amiodarone. He had pills leftover. So, with no IRB
Demonstration of anti-tumor activity of oncolytic measles virus strains in a malignant pleural effusion breast cancer model

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of malignant effusions in cancer patients. Pleural effusion indicates incurable disease with limited palliative treatment options and poor outcome. Here, we demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of measles virus (MV) vaccine strain derivative against malignant pleural effusion in an MDA-MB-231 xenograft model of advanced breast cancer. Both systemic intravenous (i.v.) and intrapleural (t.t.) administered virus caused massive infection and syncytia formation in the pleural tumor deposits. Intrapleural administration of 1.5 × 106 plaque-forming units (PFU) total dose of MV significantly improved median survival by approximately 80% compared to the control animal group. Furthermore, we tested human dendritic cells as carriers for delivery of oncolytic MV infection to breast cancer pleural metastases. Carrier-delivered MV infection prevented accumulation of the pleural exudate and also significantly improved the survival of the treated mice. This is the first demonstration of the therapeutic potential of oncolytic virotherapy against malignant pleural effusions in a pre-clinical model of advanced breast cancer.
Design and modeling of power system for a fuel cell hybrid switcher locomotive

This paper discusses the design and modeling of power system for a fuel cell hybrid locomotive. Different types of fuel cells for appropriate application to locomotives were compared, fuel cell and auxiliary storage devices were modeled, and a control strategy for the overall system was developed in this paper. By using the proposed control strategy, the power control system regulates the sharing of power demand between fuel cell and auxiliary storage units including batteries and ultracapacitors. Experimental data of the power duty cycle of a typical switcher locomotive is analyzed. The proposed control system is tested using the experimental data. Results show that the control system is able to maintain output voltage from different power sources within a certain range, keep the state of charge of the batteries within an optimal range and meet power demand of the locomotive at a high efficiency.
Is this what I signed up for? MBA and undergraduate business student perspectives of online courses

Differences between student perspectives of online courses depending on their level of education (graduate vs. undergraduate) and original choice of educational mode (whether students have enrolled in a complete online degree program or in an on-campus program) were investigated. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in surveying students. Results indicated differences in student perspectives on the effectiveness of the education obtained online, the amount of student interaction, and the amount of time required for online vs. on-campus courses. The one constant between all three groups was the high amount of perceived flexibility that online courses provide.