cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
(+/−)‐Boc‐α‐phosphonoglycine Trimethyl Ester

[89524-98-1] C10H20NO7P (MW 294.24) InChI = 1S/C10H20NO7P/c1-10(2,3)18-9(13)11-7(8(12)15-4)19(14,16-5)17-6/h7H,1-6H3,(H,11,13) InChIKey = LJHAPRKTPAREGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [synthon for α,β-dehydroamino acids (DAA) and amino acids] Alternate Name: methyl 2-(t-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-(dimethoxyphosphinyl)acetate. Physical Data: white solid, mp 47–48 °C. Solubility: alcohol and most organic solvents. Form Supplied in: Form Supplied in: available in six steps from crude glyoxylic acid.1 The first four steps2 can be carried out on a kilogram scale. Deprotection of the N-benzyloxycarbonyl-2-(dimethoxylphosphinyl)glycine methyl ester and reaction with Boc2O affords the title compound (eq 1). (1) Purification: recrystallization from diethyl ether/pentane (1:1) at 0 °C. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: reagent should be used in a fume hood.
Organizational Identification Strategies of a Low Face-to-Face Member-Contact Organization

This study looked at the identification seeking strategies of a low face-toface member-contact organization, The Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi. I used thematic analysis to identify the strategies that the organization used to seek the identification of its members. Findings of the study showed that by emphasizing membership as an exclusive privilege, recognizing the individual as a symbol of excellence, celebrating member achievements, inviting member contributions, emphasizing commitment to diversity, emphasizing organizational symbolism and highlighting testimonials of appreciation, the organization tried to seek the identification of its members. In many of the above-mentioned strategies, the overarching theme of elitism was evident. This raises certain pertinent questions pertaining to organizational identification.
In Vitro Propagation of Alexandrian Laurel (Danae racemosa L. Moench), a Valuable Ornamental Plant

To overcome the limitations of traditional propagation, this research was initiated to develop an alternative means for efficient production of Alexandrian laurel (Danae racemosa L. Moench). An in vitro propagation protocol has been developed for Danae racemosa L. Moench using seeds as a source of material for culture initiation. Seedlings were produced after seeds were cultured for 3 month on MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium. Shoot multiplication occurred on MS medium with or without 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) with 100% multiplication percentage. However, shoot number was significantly increased from an average of 2.8 to more than six with the addition of 5 or 25 mM BAP. Among two indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) treatments tested for rooting of seedlings, incorporation of 5 mM IBA in MS medium significantly increased rooting percentage to 86.4% compared with 71.2% without IBA. The greatest number of roots (three) was produced by 5-minute IBA pulse. However, both IBA treatments significantly reduced root length. The longest root (12.8 mm) was observed on MS medium without any IBA treatment and the shortest (6.1 mm) was produced by IBA pulse. In vitro-propagated plantlets grew well after transfer to a substrate of peat and pine bark (1:1) in the greenhouse. No morphological variation was observed.
Sensor Resource Management to Support UAS Integration into the National Airspace System

The National Air Space (NAS) is often described as a complex aviation system-of-systems that seamlessly works in harmony to provide safe transit for all aircraft within its domain. The number of aircraft within the NAS is growing and according the FAA 1 , “[o]n any given day, more than 85,000 flights are in the skies in the United States...this translates into roughly 5,000 planes in the skies above the United States at any given moment. More than 15,000 federal air traffic controllers in airport traffic control towers, terminal radar approach control facilities and air route traffic control centers guide pilots through the system". The expected increase in projected density of aircraft, including integration of UAVs, requires innovative resource allocation methodologies to task and re-task sensors (radar systems) to effectively monitor airborne vehicles and ensure aircraft adhere to the minimum separation requirement. Our approach is to use an evolutionary algorithm to evolve the task assignment. In addition, we utilize the Kalman Filter’s covariance matrices to determine positional uncertainty in our estimates to predict if a separation requirement is violated.
Psychopathic Personality in Women. Diagnostics and Experimental Findings in the Forensic Setting and the Business World

Highly psychopathic women are rare in the context of forensic psychiatry; however, the concept of psychopathy plays an important role in diagnostics, for court expertises as well as for treatment. Another so far neglected yet relevant field is the business world. The so-called successful female psychopaths are characterized by highly psychopathic traits but low antisocial behavior, at least with reference to criminal behavior. The basis for investigating and interpreting gender differences is the assessment of psychopathy. Gender differences have been repeatedly demonstrated, especially in the assessment of antisocial behavior and the differentiation of borderline personality disorder and psychopathy which have to be addressed. Group comparisons based on these diagnostic methods found lower inhibitory deficits but less aggressive behavior in female participants with respect to the first main symptom category. For the second symptom category, emotional detachment, so far there are almost no findings reporting gender differences but only few direct gender comparisons have been carried out. However, highly psychopathic women from the general population demonstrate a stronger correlation between psychopathic traits and self-perception as negotiation partner compared to men: they make more use of manipulation and perceive themselves as more powerful in negotiation situations. Future studies should address the diagnostic variability, direct gender comparisons in experimental tasks and the relationship between psychopathic traits, the core symptom categories and career-related success. Language: de
Nanoparticles Yield Big Results.

The efficacy of catheter ablation has improved dramatically over the past 3 decades as our understanding of ablation lesion formation has led to technological advances that have resulted in the ability to reliably create large and deep lesions. In the early years, operators were constrained during radiofrequency (RF) ablation with 2-mm nonirrigated electrodes by the tendency for the electrode–tissue interface temperatures to exceed 100°C resulting in boiling of blood and the formation of coagulum and char.1,2 Adherent coagulum reduces available electrode surface area resulting in a progressive and rapid rise in impedance and requires cessation of energy delivery. Thus, the magnitude of power that can be delivered to the tissue is limited. Because larger ablation electrode tips and irrigated electrode tips were introduced, electrode–tissue interface temperatures were lower, allowing the operator to ablate with higher powers and create much larger lesions.3,4 Presently, large ablative lesions can be created with a variety of technologies including irrigated RF ablation with force sensing,5 ultrasound ablation,6 and laser ablation.7 But despite these …
Developing a data element repository to support EHR-driven phenotype algorithm authoring and execution

Display Omitted A machine-readable metadata repository for Quality Data Model (QDM) is developed.A number of underspecified areas in the QDM are observed.A harmonization of QDM with other clinical models developed in HL7 is proposed.The QDM implementation in the Measure Authoring Tool (MAT) is compared. The Quality Data Model (QDM) is an information model developed by the National Quality Forum for representing electronic health record (EHR)-based electronic clinical quality measures (eCQMs). In conjunction with the HL7 Health Quality Measures Format (HQMF), QDM contains core elements that make it a promising model for representing EHR-driven phenotype algorithms for clinical research. However, the current QDM specification is available only as descriptive documents suitable for human readability and interpretation, but not for machine consumption. The objective of the present study is to develop and evaluate a data element repository (DER) for providing machine-readable QDM data element service APIs to support phenotype algorithm authoring and execution. We used the ISO/IEC 11179 metadata standard to capture the structure for each data element, and leverage Semantic Web technologies to facilitate semantic representation of these metadata. We observed there are a number of underspecified areas in the QDM, including the lack of model constraints and pre-defined value sets. We propose a harmonization with the models developed in HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) and Clinical Information Modeling Initiatives (CIMI) to enhance the QDM specification and enable the extensibility and better coverage of the DER. We also compared the DER with the existing QDM implementation utilized within the Measure Authoring Tool (MAT) to demonstrate the scalability and extensibility of our DER-based approach.
Advances in Cervical Cancer and Ongoing Clinical Trials

The big issue in the fight against cancer is to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis process and try to direct the knowledge acquired in the direction of new and hopefully efficient therapies. In recent years, numerous studies have greatly implemented the knowledge about cervical cancer. It is well known that human papillomavirus (HPV) types cause approximately 90 % of cervical cancer. This evidence led the scientists to focus on HPV infection in relationship with cervical cancer, thereby developing vaccines for the prevention of cervical cancer. Screening with HPV testing was introduced around 1990, and prophylactic HPV vaccination was licensed in 2006. The synergistic effect of cancer prevention and early detection of cancers has been shown to improve survival rates and decrease mortality by timely appropriate treatment. Unfortunately, prophylactic vaccines are not able to eradicate established HPV infections and their associated tumor lesions. Advances have been made also in the clinical and therapeutic management of patients affected by cervical cancer. Important immunotherapeutic studies in advanced cervical cancer have been recently reported. In addition, various classes of anti-angiogenesis agents are studied with great interest in order to improve the efficacy of the treatment for patients with cervical carcinoma.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Akuntansi Mahasiswa AMIK BSI JAKARTA Melalui Model Pembelajaran Kuantum

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan model pembelajaran kuantum dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar akuntansi mahasiswa AMIK BSI Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian tindakan kelas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kuantum dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar akuntansi dengan tingkat ketuntasan mencapai 86,67% pada siklus II . Aktivitas belajar siswa dari 40,00 % pada siklus I menjadi 60,00 % pada siklus II. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan pada mahasiswa AMIK BSI Jakarta semester 1 tahun 2016/2017, membuktikan bahwa pendapat yang menganggap bahwa pelajaran akuntansi itu sulit dan tidak disukai mahasiswa ternyata tidak benar.
Injuries to the clavicle and acromioclavicular joint.

SUMMARY Fractures of the clavicle are a common lesion best treated by closed means. In the unusual instance that nonunion develops or early irreversible vascular or neurologic compromise is present, an intramedullary Knowles pin is the preferred method of fixation. Injuries of the acromioclavicular joint usually can be treated symptomatically. Types 3A and B require early operative intervention. For the few patients who have late symptoms from types 2 or 3, an acromioclavicular arthroplasty, joint stabilization, and transference of the coracoacromial ligament to form a superior acromioclavicular ligament are used.
Causative factors, imaging findings, and CT course of round atelectasis.

Abstract Objective To assess causative factors, associated imaging findings, and CT course of round atelectasis (RA). Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed CT reports for “round” or “rounded atelectasis” over a 5-year time frame. Patients with at least 2 CT scans a minimum of 6 months apart were included. Electronic medical records and clinical and imaging follow-up was reviewed for all cases. Results Study population included 50 individuals with mean age of 63 years, and 59 unique instances of RA. The most commonly associated etiologies were hepatic hydrothorax (26%, n = 13) and asbestos exposure (26%), followed by post-infectious pleural inflammation (22%), congestive heart failure (12%), and end stage renal disease (8%). RA was found in the right lower lobe in over half of cases (n = 30). Association with one or more pleural abnormality was identified in all cases, including thickening (88%), fluid (60%), or calcification (40%). Nearly one third (n = 19) demonstrated intra-lesional calcification. In those who underwent PET/CT (20%), lesions demonstrated an average SUV of 2.2 (range 0–7.8). CT course over mean follow up of 32 months (range 6–126 months), demonstrated RA to remain stable (n = 26) or decrease (n = 26) in size in the majority (88%) of cases. Conclusion Round atelectasis may arise from diverse etiologies beyond asbestos, and will most often decrease or remain stable in size over serial exams. Accurate identification may obviate the need for added diagnostic interventions.
Surgically-Managed Supraventricular Tachycardia in a Division II Men’s Basketball Player

During practice, a 25-year-old Division II men’s basketball player reported lightheadedness, blurry vision, and that his heart was “racing”. After his heart rate was recorded above 240 bpm on two o...
Scalable and automated workflow in mining large-scale severe-storm simulations

The simulation of large-scale complex systems, such as modeling the effects of hurricanes or storms in coastal environments, typically requires a large amount of computing resources in addition to data storage capacity. To make an efficient prediction of the potential storm surge height for an incoming hurricane, surrogate models, which are computationally cheap and can reach a comparable level of accuracy with simulations, are desired. In this paper, we present a scalable and automated workflow for surrogate modeling with hurricane-related simulation data.
Oxygen toxicity in the perfused rat liver and lung under hyperbaric conditions.

1. In the lung and liver of tocopherol-deficient rats, the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were increased substantially, suggesting an important role for both enzymes in protecting the organ against the deleterious effects of lipid peroxides. 2. Facilitation of the glutathione peroxidase reaction by infusing t-butyl hydroperoxide caused the oxidation of nicotinamide nucleotides and glutathione, resulting in a concomitant increase in the rate of release of oxidized glutathione into the perfusate. Thus the rate of production of lipid peroxide and H2O2 in the perfused organ could be compared by simultaneous measurement of the rate of glutathione release and the turnover number of the catalase reaction. 3. On hyperbaric oxygenation at 4 × 10(5)Pa, H2O2 production, estimated from the turnover of the catalase reaction, was increased slightly in the liver, and glutathione release was increased slightly, in both lung and liver. 4. Tocopherol deficiency caused a marked increase in lipid-peroxide formation as indicated by a corresponding increase in glutathione release under hyperbaric oxygenation, with a further enhancement when the tocopherol-deficient rats were also starved. 5. The study demonstrates that the primary response to hyperbaric oxygenation is an elevation of the rate of lipid peroxidation rather than of the rate of formation of H2O2 or superoxide.
Stabilization and crystallization of Ca2+-ATPase in detergent-solubilized sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Conditions were developed for the long-term stabilization of Ca2+-ATPase in detergent-solubilized sarcoplasmic reticulum, purified Ca2+-ATPase, and purified-delipidated Ca2+-ATPase preparations. The standard storage medium contains 0.1 M KCl, 10 mM K-3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonate, pH 6.0, 3 mM MgCl2, 20 mM CaCl2, 20% glycerol, 3 mM NaN3, 5 mM dithiothreitol, 25 IU/ml Trasylol, 2 micrograms/ml 1,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, 2 mg/ml protein, and 2-4 mg of detergent/mg of protein. Preparations stored under these conditions at 2 degrees C in a nitrogen atmosphere retain significant Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activity for periods of 5-6 months or longer when assayed in the presence of asolectin. The same conditions are also conducive for the formation of three-dimensional microcrystals of Ca2+-ATPase. Of the 49 detergents tested for solubilization, optimal crystallization of Ca2+-ATPase was obtained in sarcoplasmic reticulum solubilized with octaethylene glycol dodecyl ether at a detergent/protein weight ratio of 2, and with Brij 36T, Brij 56, and Brij 96 at a detergent/protein ratio of 4. Similar Ca2+-induced crystals of Ca2+-ATPase were obtained with purified or purified delipidated ATPase preparations at lower detergent/protein ratios. The stabilization of the ATPase activity in the presence of detergents is the combined effect of high Ca2+ (20 mM) and a relatively high glycerol concentration (20%). Ethylene glycol, glucose, sucrose, or myoinositol can substitute for glycerol with preservation of ATPase activity for several weeks in the presence of 20 mM Ca2+.Ca2+-induced association between ATPase molecules may be an essential requirement for preservation of enzymatic activity, both in intact sarcoplasmic reticulum and in solubilized preparations.
Functional thin films and nanostructures for sensors

Abstract Sensors are all around us. Examples range from the accelerometers used to deploy airbags in vehicles to thermocouples that control heating in our homes. With the advent of nanofabrication, sensors have become smaller, faster, and cheaper. The focus of this chapter is on the fabrication and application of nanostructured thin films for sensing devices, primarily biosensing. A functional thin film is one that serves more than one purpose. Nanostructured films are considered functional if they provide structure, support, signal transduction, filtration, enhanced surface area, catalytic sites, and so on. Thin film deposition plays a major part in the fabrication of these sensors. Physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and epitaxy are discussed and their application to sensors noted for each. Nanostructured thin films can enhance sensitivity, selectivity, and efficiency of a sensor. Techniques used to impart nanostructure in thin films, including focused ion beam milling, lithography (optical, electron beam, nanosphere, and nanoimprint), and plasma etching, are discussed.
Leveraging mobile health applications for biomedical research and citizen science: a scoping review.

Objective This systematic review aims to analyze current capabilities, challenges, and impact of self-directed mobile health (mHealth) research applications such as those based on the ResearchKit platform. Materials and methods A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. English publications were included if: 1) mobile applications were used in the context of large-scale collection of data for biomedical research, and not as medical or behavioral intervention of any kind, and 2) all activities related to participating in research and data collection methods were executed remotely without any face-to-face interaction between researchers and study participants. Results Thirty-six unique ResearchKit apps were identified. The majority of the apps were used to conduct observational studies on general citizens and generate large datasets for secondary research. Nearly half of the apps were focused on chronic conditions in adults. Discussion The ability to generate large biomedical datasets on diverse populations that can be broadly shared and re-used was identified as a promising feature of mHealth research apps. Common challenges were low participation retention, uncertainty regarding how use patterns influence data quality, need for data validation, and privacy concerns. Conclusion ResearchKit and other mHealth-based studies are well positioned to enhance development and validation of novel digital biomarkers as well as generate new biomedical knowledge through retrospective studies. However, in order to capitalize on these benefits, mHealth research studies must strive to improve retention rates, implement rigorous data validation strategies, and address emerging privacy and security challenges.
The Social Progress of Nations Revisited

Social progress and well-being throughout the world has arrived at a critical turning point. Following decades of social losses among the world’s poorest developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America, the majority of these and other nations now are experiencing significant social gains. Using the Weighted Index of Social Progress (WISP18), the author traces the net social gains and social losses experienced by most the world’s nations over a 50-year time, ranging from 1970 to the present. The data reported draw on the author’s extensive data base of historical and contemporary social indicators and links the current study to his and other reports of social progress and well-being that have been published this period. Data are reported at four levels of analysis, i.e., that of the world-as-a-whole, regional (continental) data, subregional data using the preceding and, finally, for selected countries for which the changes have been most remarkable. The net social gains on the WISP18 and earlier version of the WISP portray very positive outcomes for the 162 countries included in the study (representing 95% of the world’s total population) for both the near- and long-term.
Outcomes, accreditation, interprofessional education, and the Tower of Babel.

Effective education necessitates a shared mental model of what and how learners should be taught. Students in various healthcare professions education programs learn together most effectively when ...
Low Threshold 1.55 μm Quantum Dash Microring Lasers

We report the first room-temperature-continuous-wave (CW)operation of electrically-injected InAs quantum-dash microring lasers emitting at 1.55 μm telecom window. The microrings sustain CW lasing up to 55°C, while the lowest threshold current density is 528A/cm2. © 2019 The Author(s)
Traumatic Craniocervical Dissociation in Patients with Congenital Assimilation of the Atlas to the Occiput.

Traumatic atlantooccipital dissociation (AOD) is a severe and usually fatal injury. Patients with assimilation of the atlas to the skull are exposed to a higher risk of injury and delay diagnosis due to the abnormal anatomy. We report two cases of acute traumatic craniocervical dislocation in patients with baseline congenital assimilation of the atlas to the skull. Computer tomography (CT) was used to identify the injury. Computer tomography angiography (CTA) showed variations of the vertebral arteries’ location on both patients. Assimilation of the atlas was complete in patient one and partial in patient two. Emergent surgical instrumentation and fusion were performed with a very careful and meticulous posterior dissection. As general rule, most of the patients with CCD will undergo occiput to C2 posterior segmental instrumentation and fusion. In the presented cases, a more extensive fusion was necessary based on the type and severity of the CCJ injury and the anatomical anomalies associated. Postoperatively, patient one remained neurologically intact and patient two died. Alternative fixation techniques should be used to minimize risk of VA injury during the surgical procedures.
El capitalismo como pesadilla: Una comparación entre la novela La Casa de los Náufragos (Boarding Home) de Guillermo Rosales y el documental Balseros de Carles Bosch y Josep Maria Domènech

This essay is a comparatist effort between the Cuban-Miamian novel La casa de los naufragos (Boarding Home) and the Catalan documentary Balserosby Carles Bosch and Josep Maria Domenech, making use of critical texts about (or related to) both works. The intention is mainly to observe that, in spite of the distinct creative genres and historical periods, one can make a reading of Balserosand La casa de los naufragos (Boarding Home) as contiguous criticisms of the capitalist system and its promises from a perspective emanating from Cuban exiles. In large part, the documentary protagonists and fictional characters (who however reflect the life of the author) end up not entering the US middle class, but are marginalized in for-profit shelters, ultrareligious centers, precarious neighborhoods, or having to survive through small drug dealing. The three broadcasted reports by Televisio de Catalunya in 1994, 1995 and 1996, which gave rise to the 2002 documentary, are used here. Songs performed by Lucrecia to the soundtrack of Balserosare also considered through their lyrics, as it is the case of “Un carro, una casa, una buena mujer,” which is not entirely sung in the film but it is in published CDs.
Lung Ultrasound for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Respiratory Failure

For critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF), lung ultrasound (LUS) has emerged as an indispensable tool to facilitate diagnosis and rapid therapeutic management. In ARF, there is now evidence to support the use of LUS to diagnose pneumothorax, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, pneumonia, and acute pulmonary embolism. In addition, the utility of LUS has expanded in recent years to aid in the ongoing management of critically ill patients with ARF, providing guidance in volume status and fluid administration, titration of positive end-expiratory pressure, and ventilator liberation. The aims of this review are to examine the basic foundational concepts regarding the performance and interpretation of LUS, and to appraise the current literature supporting the use of this technique in the diagnosis and continued management of patients with ARF.
Malnutrition as a Determinant of Outcome of Pediatric Cancer Patients

ABSTRACT Childhood cancer is curable. Malnutrition poses a major problem amongst Indian children with around 40% of them suffering from undernourishment and starvation. It is one of the causes of poor outcome and toxicity of cancer patients. This study will help to highlight the close knitted relationship between the nutritional status and its influence on complete remission, disease free survival (DFS) and chemotherapeutic toxicity. In the present study, 500 cancer affected children were analyzed, who were being treated during a period from Jan, 2007 to Dec, 2011. The age range was 1-18 years (mean 12.5 years). There was male preponderance. Distribution of cases: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia 42%, Acute myeloid leukemia 8%, Non Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's leukemia 14%, Rhabdomyosarcoma and other cancer tumors 12%, Germ cell tumor 8%, Brain tumor 4% and other 12%. During preliminary diagnosis of these patients prior to beginning of therapy, an initial anthropometry was done in all the cases that included measurements of Weight for age (WFA), Height for age (HFA), Mid arm circumference (MAC) and Biceps Skin Fold Thickness (BSFT). The values of these variables were compared with the ICMR recommended standards provided by percentile curve of the growth chart for that age and sex. BSFT lies between 3.8cm and 6.5cm but during malnutrition it falls below 3.8cm. We pursued initial diagnosis based on biochemical parameters, chiefly, serum total protein and serum albumin levels. The albumin level was considered normal if the value was equal to or more than 3g%. It was seen that 190 (38%) children were malnourished on diagnosis. The patients with malnutrition had poor outcome (45%) as compared to well-nourished children (80%). Malnourished children also showed significantly higher toxicity level (p Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Landscape composition and configuration have scale-dependent effects on agricultural pest suppression

Abstract Increasing landscape heterogeneity (composition and configuration) can enhance natural enemy populations and support pest suppression in agricultural landscapes. Using a network-based data mining approach, we examined independent gradients of landscape composition and configuration at six spatial scales that were associated with pest suppression services measured at 32 sites in Michigan and Wisconsin, USA. We compared the relative effects of landscape composition and configuration across scales with those of local crop type (corn or grassland). We found that multiple gradients of configurational heterogeneity were independent of composition and strongly associated with pest suppression, with different configuration metrics being predictive of pest suppression depending on the spatial scales and regions considered. Landscapes that were more configurationally heterogeneous at smaller spatial scales consistently supported higher pest suppression. In Michigan, pest suppression increased in landscapes with high edge contrast between annual crops and surrounding habitats and high edge density of grassland within 250−500 m radii. In Wisconsin, pest suppression increased with large core area of grassland and high field density within a 250 m radius. The main compositional effect we found was a positive relationship between grassland cover and pest suppression occurring at larger spatial scales (1000−1500 m) and occurring in Wisconsin but not in Michigan. Our findings demonstrate that effects of landscape composition and configuration on pest suppression differ across spatial scales and vary regionally. The network-based data mining techniques used here could be useful for disentangling intercorrelated landscape metrics in a variety of other contexts in landscape ecology.
CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY PRESENTATION OF CASES WITH PRE-ERUPTIVE INTRACORONAL RESORPTION: A CASE SERIES AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Background Pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption (PEIR) is a rare condition, characterized by the existence of a radiographic radiolucent area inside the coronal dentin before dental eruption. The etiology for PEIR is unknown. However, the following conditions are the proposed etiology for PEIR: being resorptive in nature, local inflammation, ectopic positioning of teeth or teeth with abnormal contact, dental development defects, systemic conditions (herpes zoster infection). Objective This report presents the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 3 cases with PEIR and describes the pattern of resorptive defects in these cases. Materials and Methods/Clinical and Radiographic Findings Cases 1 and 2: A 66-year-old female and a 54-year-old male presented for implant evaluation. CBCT images of the first case showed a radiolucent intracoronal area involving an impacted tooth #16, which encroached on the pulp chamber. CBCT images of the second case showed the same radiographic appearance involving the unerupted tooth #1. Case 3: A 64-year-old male came for evaluation of the airway. CBCT images revealed an intracoronal radiolucent area involving the impacted tooth #17 with an intact pulp. The involved tooth was asymptomatic in all cases, and no history of trauma was reported by patients. Results/Differential or Definitive Interpretation: On the basis of radiographic presentations and clinical findings, pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption was considered the most likely diagnosis. The management of such lesion ranges from no treatment to surgery, surgical exposure, tooth extraction. The prevalence of PEIR reported on panoramic images in a previous study for both the subject and the tooth were 1.55% to 27.3 % and 0.5% to 2.1%, respectively. The prevalence of PEIR as shown by CBCT in the previous study were 9.5% to 15.1% for subject prevalence and 1.93% to 3.5% for tooth prevalence. The previous study showed that a single tooth was usually affected with PEIR in an individual and that the most commonly affected teeth were the premolars and the molars. Discussion PEIR affects the coronal dentin of unerupted teeth. The etiology for PEIR is unknown, and it may be commonly misdiagnosed as dentinal caries because of radiographic similarities. These lesions are usually identified incidentally during radiographic evaluation, and early detection is important for effective management. The diagnosis should be made on the basis of clinical and radiographic findings, and CBCT imaging is a valuable adjunct for early diagnosis.
Criminal/Liminal/Seminal: Nordic Border Crossings and Crossers in Contemporary Geopolitical Television

Focusing on Nordic Noir, Saunders takes a geocritical approach to screened border spaces and the border crossings of screened spaces by bringing together the geopolitics of (transnational) television drama and geopolitical drama as a (transnational) televisual genre. Looking at five recent series from the region (one from each Nordic country), Saunders applies three conceptual frameworks to explore how contemporary crime drama (re)presents the “way the world really works” in northern Europe: the criminal, focused on the “detection” of illicit flows and transgressive acts as entertainment; the liminal, examining movement across borders both in terms of representation and as televisual products themselves; and the seminal, interrogating the notion of sexualised, evil and/or polluting seeds which germinate as a result of globalisation.
Dynamic Rugae Strain Localizations and Instabilities in Soft Viscoelastic Materials During Inertial Microcavitation

To constitutively characterize soft material large deformation properties at high loading rates (103–108 s−1), we recently developed an experimental technique called Inertial Microcavitation Rheometry (IMR). Here, inertial cavitation bubbles are generated through a spatially focused pulsed laser, e.g., hydrogels, tissues, and various polymeric specimens. By recording the spatiotemporally resolved bubble dynamics via high-speed videography, a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of single bubble cavitation in soft viscoelastic materials has been conducted, where we observe evidence of strain localization and surface instabilities near the bubble wall during bubble expansion and collapse. We provide direct experimental observation of how strain localization can lead to various types of surface instabilities within a gel-like soft material giving rise to kink, wrinkle, and crease patterns. These types of dynamic rugae patterns and associated strain concentrations might be of significant interest in medical and engineering applications that utilize or encounter microcavitation, e.g., during ultrasound or laser surgeries, or traumatic brain injuries.
Teaching the Science of Human Flourishing, Unlocking Connection, Positivity, and Resilience for the Greater Good.

BackgroundHuman flourishing is a long sought-after aspiration historically considered and espoused through religious, philosophical, and creative avenues. Only recently has western science began to...
The Drosophila Thorax as a Model System for Neurogenetics

Each scientific question requires careful choice of the experimental system in which an attempt to answer the question will be made. If a familiar system can be used, this has the tremendous advantage of allowing the researcher to capitalize on all the information about the system that previous researchers have gained. Developing a new experimental system may take many scientist-years of effort before the rewards can be reaped. There are outstanding success stories in using both old and new systems, e.g., the continuing excellence of the cat as a neurophysiological system (Hubel, 1982; Wiesel, 1982) and the emergence of Aplysia as a superb animal for cellular neurophysiology (Kandel, 1976).
Young Adult Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning (LGBTQ) Non-Fiction Collections and Countywide Anti-Discrimination Policies

This study examines news articles and anti-discrimination ordinances that affect lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) communities in the four most populous counties from five Southeastern states: Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. The possible impact of such policies on the collection of non-fiction young adult materials in the public libraries in those counties is explored. The holdings of each county are compared to a list of 23 titles compiled from literary award winners selected from the time period 1996-2003 using the Lambda Literary Foundation Awards, the American Library Association Stonewall Awards, and an American Library Association GLBT Roundtable Bibliography. Findings suggest that there is no relationship between antidiscrimination ordinances and the level of collecting LGBTQ material. The evidence shows that the more demographically diverse counties made more LGBTQ titles available to their constituents. More studies investigating the impact of demographics on collection development would be helpful.
The uptake and action of corticosterone: regional and subcellular studies on rat brain.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a general conceptual framework within which behavioral effects of corticosterone can be recognized and studied. The primary requirement for the brain to act as a sensing device for the regulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion and as a target organ for corticosterone to influence neural activity and behavior is that the hormone be able to enter the brain in increasing amounts as the blood level increases, as it does in stress. This chapter focuses on the physiological and behavioral consequences of corticosterone action on the hippocampus and other regions of the brain. There is a growing body of evidence that indicates that adrenal steroids act directly on the brain to regulate release of ACTH from the pituitary and to moderate neural activity underlying behavioral responses. Lesion and electrical stimulation studies of the limbic system indicate that the hippocampus, as part of a delicately counterbalanced system of excitation and inhibition converging on the median eminence (ME), has an inhibitory influence on ACTH release.
Ethical Issues In Accounting: A Teaching Guide

Theodore Roosevelt said, “To educate a person in mind and not in morals is to educate a menace to society.” With this quote in mind, this paper describes three ethical issues in the discipline area of accounting. The format of the paper is to first provide background information on the ethical question or scenario then to provide a pedagogical approach for presenting the issue to undergraduate accounting students. Finally, a teaching guide for the professor to utilize in lecturing the topic, a sample assignment related to the topic, and ways to assess the outcomes of the assignment is provided. Relevant literature on the topics chosen is provided in summary in the background section of each issue. The pedagogical exercises are designed to incorporate elements of deontological, utilitarianism, and virtue ethical systems. Additionally, students are asked to consider the Christian worldview in their responses to the ethical issue and also discuss how Scripture impacts their decisions.
Improving educational services for students with TBI through statewide consulting teams

Since 1991, when Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) was established as a disability category under IDEA, educators nationwide have become increasingly aware of the unique and complex challenges these students present. Yet professionals, advocates and family members share a growing concern that the instructional needs of these students are not being met. School personnel serving these students need systematic support that includes both information about specific aspects of the student's disability and access to expert technical assistance. The goal of the TBI Team model, as developed and implemented in Iowa, Kansas, and Oregon, is to make available to schools statewide a group of well-trained peer consultants who can provide in-service training and ongoing consultation. The TBI Team model has four components: (a) needs assessment, (b) team recruitment, (c) team training, and (d) evaluation of both implementation and outcomes. Trained Team members provide in-service training, classroom consultation, and information and resources for school staff and parents. Team operations are maintained and supported through a central office at the Department of Education. Evaluation data suggest that the Team model is a cost effective and efficient approach to supporting teachers who work with students with TBI.
Speciation dynamics during the global radiation of extant bats

Species richness varies widely across extant clades, but the causes of this variation remain poorly understood. We investigate the role of diversification rate heterogeneity in shaping patterns of diversity across families of extant bats. To provide a robust framework for macroevolutionary inference, we assemble a time-calibrated, species-level phylogeny using a supermatrix of mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data. We analyze the phylogeny using a Bayesian method for modeling complex evolutionary dynamics. Surprisingly, we find that variation in family richness can largely be explained without invoking heterogeneous diversification dynamics. We document only a single well-supported shift in diversification dynamics across bats, occurring at the base of the subfamily Stenodermatinae. Bat diversity is phylogenetically imbalanced, but-contrary to previous hypotheses-this pattern is unexplained by any simple patterns of diversification rate heterogeneity. This discordance may indicate that diversification dynamics are more complex than can be captured using the statistical tools available for modeling data at this scale. We infer that bats as a whole are almost entirely united into one macroevolutionary cohort, with decelerating speciation through time. There is also a significant relationship between clade age and richness, suggesting that global bat diversity may still be expanding.
Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Supercomputing

It is our pleasure to welcome you to the 23rd ACM International Conference on Supercomputing (ICS'09). Since it was held for the first time in Athens, Greece in the summer of 1987, ICS has been instrumental in bringing together the people who design and build supercomputers and develop the software, algorithms and applications that make use of them. This year we continue that tradition as we host ICS at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York. The Watson Research Center is famous worldwide for its contributions to science and technology. Located just one hour away from midtown Manhattan and 5 miles east of the beautiful Hudson River, the facility is within easy access to a variety of cultural, historical, dining, entertainment and sport activities. We have assembled a strong technical program, with three invited keynote speakers, 47 contributed papers, and a diverse poster section. The contributed papers were selected from a set of 191 submissions, through a rigorous review process conducted by our Program Committee and assisted by more than 250 external reviewers. Together, the PC members and external reviewers provided 814 reviews, or an average of significantly more than 4 reviews per paper. In spite of the large number of high quality submissions, only 47 papers were accepted for publication this year, a 24% acceptance rate. We want to express our appreciation to the large number of authors who submitted their work to 23 rd ACM International Conference on Supercomputing. Their contributions are the primary factor at making this conference a success. True to the goals of ICS, the papers include contributions in the areas of architecture, system software and applications for supercomputing. Our keynote speakers, Mateo Valero, Don Grice and Ian Foster, provide a perspective on important recent developments affecting the supercomputing community. Finally, the technical program is complemented by two days of workshops and tutorials for further interaction and dissemination of relevant information which we added to enrich your experience at the 23 rd ACM International Conference on Supercomputing.
X-ray diffraction in multilayers

Abstract Diffraction of X-rays in multilayer systems such as the molecular and the evaporated/sputtered multi-layers have been studied based upon the optics of thin films. General solutions for the intensity profiles of x-ray diffraction from multi-layers of finite thickness have been obtained for angles of incidence outside the total reflection region. It is also shown that the optical expression for diffraction in the x-ray region by periodic systems agree with the conventional crystal diffraction theories.
EDUCATING TOMORROW'S MANAGERS: THE ROLE OF CRITICAL THINKING

This paper argues for adopting the development of critical thinking as a key component of management education. It discusses various deficiencies in the traditional instructional process, noting that the most insidious problem is that many educators suffer from the misguided belief that they routinely emphasize critical thinking in their instructional tasks. The paper then presents a detailed prospectus, based on insights from practice, for a new orientation to the traditional instructional process. Comments are also offered on changing over to the suggested instructional orientation.
The Use of Race and Ethnicity in Medicine: Lessons from the African‐American Heart Failure Trial

Race or ethnic identity, despite its imprecise categorization, is a useful means of identifying population differences in mechanisms of disease and treatment effects. Therefore, race and other arbitrary demographic and physiological variables have appropriately served as a helpful guide to clinical management and to clinical trial participation. The African-American Heart Failure Trial was carried out in African-Americans with heart failure because prior data had demonstrated a uniquely favorable effect in this subpopulation of the drug combination in BiDil. The remarkable effect of the drug in reducing mortality in this study has illuminated an important new mechanism of therapy for heart failure. Application of these findings need not be confined to the population studied, but the observation highlights the need for more precise ways to identify individual responsiveness to therapy.