cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lesson planimation: prospective elementary teachers’ interactions with mathematics curricula

Curriculum materials are integral to the mathematics classroom, yet little is known about how teachers read curriculum in order to envision enactment. Through an assignment involving an approximation of actual teaching practice, we investigated prospective teachers’ documentational genesis (Pepin et al. in ZDM 45:929–943, 2013) from curriculum materials to their visions of enactment based on those materials. In mathematics methods courses, we assigned prospective teachers (N = 33) to one of two widely adopted curricula to generate a lesson plan and corresponding animation. We analyzed data from the assignment, termed lesson planimation, to reveal how prospective teachers use curriculum for the purposes of enactment. Prospective teachers drew upon curricular elements to different extents, with goals ranging from concern for learning mathematical ideas to student enjoyment of math class. Implications for theory, curriculum, and instruction are discussed.
E-023 Patient access site preference in cerebral angiography

Introduction Transradial access (TRA) is often the preferred approach for interventional cardiology procedures. Despite a preponderance of data demonstrating the improved safety of TRA over transfemoral access (TFA) in cardiology and large retrospective studies demonstrating the feasibility of TRA for cerebral angiography, the transradial approach has yet to gain large scale favor in neurointerventional procedures. Based on our positive initial institutional experience with TRA for mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke intervention, we have adopted a ”radial first” policy for cerebral angiography. In this study we evaluate patient preferences and experiences with TRA as compared to TFA. Methods Telephone interviews were conducted with 58 consecutive patients following diagnostic cerebral angiography in which transradial access was used. Technical success was achieved in all cases and there were no major complications. Patients were assessed for wrist or arm and shoulder pain (ranked as none, mild, moderate, or severe). In addition, previous experience with transfemoral access (yes or no) and patient preference for a subsequent procedure (prefer radial, prefer femoral, or no preference) were assessed. Results81% of patients reported “None” or “Mild” wrist discomfort immediately following the procedure, while 97% of patients reported “None” or “Mild” arm and shoulder discomfort. 72% of patients (42/58) had undergone prior angiography with transfemoral access as well. In addition, 72% of all patients would prefer transradial access for their next procedure. Of patients who had experienced both transradial and transfemoral angiography previously, 78% (32/41) would prefer transradial access for their next procedure. Conclusion Transradial access is preferred in a majority of patients, especially those who have undergone prior transfemoral angiography. Furthermore, a majority of patients experience little to no discomfort following transradial access for cerebral angiography. This data adds to a growing body of literature supporting a re-evaluation of the radial approach for neurointervention. Disclosures B. Snelling: None. R. Haniff: None. J. Caplan: None. S. Sur: None. P. Khandelwal: None. D. Yavagal: None. R. Starke: None. E. Peterson: None.
Outcomes after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Double-Hit and Double-Expressor Lymphoma

Abstract Double-hit lymphomas (DHLs) and double-expressor lymphomas (DELs) are associated with resistance to frontline and salvage immunochemotherapy, as well as autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT). We hypothesized that allogeneic SCT (alloSCT) could overcome the chemoresistance associated with DEL/DHL. We retrospectively studied the impact of DEL/DHL status in a multicenter cohort of patients who underwent alloSCT for relapsed/refractory (rel/ref) aggressive B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). Seventy-eight patients transplanted at 3 centers in whom tumor tissue was available for immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization were enrolled; 47% had DEL and 13% had DHL. There were no significant differences in 4-year progression-free (PFS) or overall survival (OS) between patients with DEL compared with patients without DEL (PFS 30% versus 39%, P = .24; OS 31% versus 49%, P = .17) or between patients with DHL compared with patients without DHL (PFS 40% versus 34%, P = .62; OS 50% versus 38%, P = .46). The lack of association between DEL or DHL and outcome was confirmed in multivariable models, although inadequate sample size may have limited our ability to detect significant differences. In our cohort alloSCT produced durable remissions in patients with rel/ref aggressive B-NHL irrespective of DEL and DHL status, justifying its consideration in the treatment of patients with rel/ref DEL/DHL.
OUTCOME OF EN-BLOC COMBINED HEART AND LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IN THE ADULT FAILING FONTAN

Fontan associated liver disease (FALD) poses additional risk for transplantation. Thus, patients with FALD are now being considered for combined heart and liver transplantation (CHLT). We examined our experience with en-bloc CHLT for failed Fontan and FALD. Retrospective review of en-bloc CHLT in
Distal Nerve Transfers: A Perspective on the Future of Reconstructive Microsurgery.

Background Nerve transfer can be broadly separated into two categories: proximal nerve graft and/or transfer and distal nerve transfer. The superiority of proximal nerve graft/transfer over distal nerve transfer strategy has been debated extensively, but which strategy is the best has not yet been defined. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages. However, proximal nerve graft/transfer is still the main reconstructive procedure based on the principle of “no diagnosis, then no treatment.” Proximal nerve transfer can avoid iatrogenic injury where the lesion is still in continuity and neurolysis is the only procedure without further cutting the nerve. Results Our clinical and experimental study show that proximal nerve grafts/transfers yield at least equal or better results compared to distal nerve transfers. Proximal nerve grafts/transfers remain the mainstay of my reconstructive strategy. Proximal nerve graft/transfer offers more accurate diagnosis and proper treatment to restore shoulder and elbow functions simultaneously. Distal nerve transfers can offer more efficient elbow flexion. Conclusion Combined, both strategies in primary nerve reconstruction are especially recommended when there is no healthy or not enough donor nerve available Distal nerve transfers should be considered as a complementary option for proximal nerve grafts/ transfers.
Species Richness and Resistance to Invasions

Traditionally, tropical forests, and especially tropical rain forests, have been contrasted with extratropical communities in terms of their species diversity and stability (Elton 1958). Unfortunately, ecologists have used the word’ stability’ to mean several different things (Orians 1975; Harrison 1979; Pimm 1984): Resilience can be defined as a rate of return of population densities, community composition, or collective properties like biomass production, to conditions preceding a perturbation. Persistence usually means how long presence of individual populations or community composition last. Resistance means the degree to which a variable of interest remains unaltered following perturbation. Constancy usually means a lack of change (low variability) of variables of interest over time. Finally, systems are defined as stable in a narrow sense if, and only if, variables of interest return to their initial (equilibrium) values, following perturbation. Elton (1958) himself switched between different meanings of stability when he talked about absence of insect outbreaks in tropical forests (high population constancy) and about higher frequency of extinctions and invasions in simple communities (low persistence). Elton suggested that species rich communities like tropical rain forests possess “complex systems of checks and buffers” responsible for their stability. Causal positive connections between biotic diversity and low variability or high persistence of tropical comunities have been questioned many times since Elton’s influential book was published (Futuyma 1973; Farnworth and Golley 1974; Leigh 1975; Wolda 1978, 1983; Maury-Lechon et al. 1984). Elton, however, should be prized for drawing the long-lasting attention of ecologists to relationships between diversity and stability in ecological systems.
The Patterns and Impact of Technological Specialization

The findings of the previous Chapters have described the process of specialization in science and technology in advanced countries. Quantitative data on several S&T indicators and databases have been used to examine the trends of the 1970s and 1980s at national and at sectoral level. This Chapter will pull together and summarize the different threads of the analysis and go on to examine the relationship between specialization and national performance. After the analysis in the previous Chapters of the specialization profiles of advanced countries in technology and science and the data provided on the degree of specialization in countries and sectors, the concluding questions to be addressed focus on the different national patterns of technological specialization and on the impact they have on national performance. In particular, two issues will be examined: i) The first question is: how can the similarities and differences in national patterns of technological activity be defined? Are there common patterns across countries emerging from the comparison of national sectoral specialization?
Toward an Organismic Integration Theory

Organismic theories in psychology are constructed around two core notions: that behavior is regulated in part by internal structures that are elaborated through experience; and that human beings are by nature active. There is no place where these assumptions are more critical than in the area of development, for as we will see they are essential to an understanding of the ubiquitous phenomenon of children working eagerly and continually to master their internal and external environments.
The Methodology of Metaevaluation as Reflected in Metaevaluations by the Western Michigan University Evaluation Center

Metaevaluation is the process of delineating, obtaining, and applying descriptive information and judgmental information about the utility, feasibility, propriety, and accuracy of an evaluation in order to guide the evaluation and to publicly report its strengths and weaknesses. Formative metaevaluations are undertaken either in planning an evaluation or while it is in progress. They assist evaluators to plan, conduct, improve, interpret, and report their evaluation studies. Summative metaevaluations are conducted following the completion of an evaluation and help audiences to see an evaluation's strengths and weaknesses and to judge its merit and worth against the standards of good evaluation practice. Metaevaluations are in the public and professional interests to assure that evaluations provide sound conclusions and guidance.
Event Detection Based on Call Detail Records

In this paper we propose the model of the inhomogeneous Poisson for call frequency and inhomogeneous exponential distribution for call durations to detect events based on mobile phone call detail records. The maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the rate of frequency and call duration. This work is useful for enhancing homeland security, detecting unwanted calls (e.g., spam) and commercial purposes. For validation of our results, we used actual call logs of 100 users collected at MIT by the Reality Mining Project group for a period of 8 months. The experimental results show that our model achieves good performance with high accuracy.
Current status of the use of newer analogs of vitamin D in the management of renal osteodystrophy.

In this discussion, the term renal osteodystrophy is used to denote a clinical syndrome observed in azotemic patients with a variety of skeletal lesions including osteitis fibrosa, osteomalacia, osteosclerosis, osteoporosis, and retardation of growth. The pathophysiologic alteration in advanced renal failure include hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypermagnesemia, soft tissue calcification, and impaired intestinal calcium absorption. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a major feature, and it is believed to have its onset early in the course of renal insufficiency. Parathyroid hyperplasia is thought to arise as a consequence of hypocalcemia produced in part by 1) phosphate retention and hyperphosphatemia, 2) from impaired renal conversion of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] to 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], and 3) reduced skeletal responsiveness to the calcemic action of PTH. Knowledge that the kidney is the sole organ capable of producing 1,25(OH)2D3, the most active known form of vitamin D, from 25(OH)D3 (1) suggests a major pathogenic role of altered vitamin D metabolism in causing renal osteodystrophy. The observations that plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 are low (2), the failure of conversion of radio-labeled 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3 (3) and the restoration of intestinal Ca absorption to normal following treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 (4,5) in patients with end-stage uremia support the concept that renal production of 1,25(OH)2D3 is impaired in advanced renal failure. Moreover, such observations have prompted numerous clinical trials employing newer vitamin D analogs to uremic patients with bone disease. It is our purpose to briefly review the present state of knowledge on the usefulness of these analogs in renal osteodystrophy.
The role of the prosthodontist in the correction of swallowing disorders

The contributions of the prosthodontist to the swallowing rehabilitation treatment team are described. The aims and goals of prosthetic intervention are highlighted. An account is given of the various site-specific prostheses that can be fabricated to enhance swallowing performance.
University Presses and Emerging Disciplinary Configurations and Orientations: An Exploration and Discussion

University presses publish books according to their respective publishing specializations and programming. Disciplinary interests supported by university presses align with their strengths and adaptation to the vicissitudes of the scholarly communication system. This discussion frames changes in humanities and social science disciplines published by university presses via examination of AAUP Directories for 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013, 2017 to ascertain and clarify disciplinary alignments and changes in emphases over time. Special attention is focused on discussion of disciplinary emphases, including evolution of nomenclature and changes for multidisciplinary and area studies. Over the past 20 years, university presses have published scholarship reflecting the changes of disciplinary orientation captured in subject interests and emphases, evolving with disciplinary changes occurring in academia.
How Do You Deal With Death and Dying

Oncology nursing is a rewarding, challenging, and ever-changing specialty. Oncology affords the nurse an opportunity to care for individuals with unique, complex issues during his or her cancer journey. I assumed that, at some point, I would care for a patient who may not have a positive outcome. It became clear to me that I would be there during the dying process and, subsequently, face issues related to the death of a patient. I really thought I knew what I was getting into; however, I now understand that I was not sufficiently prepared.
Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes to Decrease Unhealthy Eating Patterns and Improve Blood Pressure in African Americans

Data are limited for effective therapeutic lifestyle modifications or therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) interventions targeting minorities for promoting healthy eating behaviors and improving high blood pressure. Unhealthy eating habits or adverse lifestyle behaviors are directly related to high blood pressure. The purpose of this chapter is to address a critical gap in hypertension research on how to provide knowledge to sustain effective non-pharmacological treatment or TLC to and modify unhealthy eating and unhealthy eating. Specifically the beneficial effects of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet are highlighted, with a description of the theory-driven conceptual framework anchored by cognitive social and self-regulation model theories. These approaches identify how cognitive representations or culturally relevant perceptions (beliefs, attitudes, and intensions for behavior) affect the knowledge to set goals and guide decisions for motivation and self-confidence to accomplish long-term lifestyle behavioral changes.
Redes de Dependencia entre Estrategias de Aprendizaje y Perfiles de Estudiantes de Desempeño Académico Medio y Alto en el Contexto de la Educación Superior en Chile

espanolSe determina el tipo de estrategias de aprendizaje mas empleadas por los estudiantes, de acuerdo a los niveles de desempeno academico y a algunas variables contextuales en su primer ano de educacion superior. Esto se hace con el objetivo de identificar perfiles en funcion de las redes de dependencias. La metodologia empleada responde al paradigma positivista, con alcance cuantitativo, de medicion transversal, en un contexto descriptivo e inferencial con una muestra aleatoria de 83 estudiantes de primer ano de la Universidad de Playa Ancha (en Chile), con el uso del Cuestionario de Evaluacion de Estrategias de Aprendizaje de Educacion Universitaria. Los resultados nos permiten identificar dependencias significativas (5%) con un mayor grado de explicacion entre las estrategias metacognitivas, las estrategias de procesamiento y uso de informacion; y estrategias de control de contexto. Se caracterizan dos perfiles de estudiantes, como resultado, principalmente, del uso de las estrategias de aprendizaje metacognitivas y de procesamiento, y en menor medida respecto a las variables contextuales EnglishThe type of learning strategies most used by students, according to the levels of academic performance and some contextual variables in their first year of higher education is determined. This is done to identify profiles based on dependency networks. The methodology used in the study is based on the positivist paradigm, with a quantitative, cross-sectional measurement, in a descriptive and inferential context with a random sample of 83 first-year students of the Playa Ancha University (in Chile), with the use of the Learning Strategies Evaluation of University Education Questionnaire. Results show significant dependencies (5%) with a greater degree of explanation among metacognitive strategies, processing strategies and use of information; and context control strategies. Two profiles of students are characterized, mainly as a result of the use of metacognitive and processing learning strategies, and to a lesser extent with respect to contextual variables.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important pathogen in erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients.

Erythroderma can occur in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) prevalence is increased in CTCL patients and contributes to CTCL disease flares. Our primary aim was to describe S. aureus infections, including resistance patterns and the antibiotic treatment regimens used, in erythrodermic CTCL patients. This was a retrospective chart review of erythrodermic CTCL patients who had S. aureus infection or colonization and were treated at the UT MD Anderson Cancer Center’s Melanoma Skin Center between 2012 and 2016. Twenty-six erythrodermic CTCL patients had 50 documented S. aureus colonization or infection events. Patients had an improvement in body surface area (BSA) or modified Severity Weighted Assessment Tool (mSWAT) in 53% events treated for S. aureus. Seventeen of the 50 (34%) events were due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). One-third (33%) of MRSA events were initially treated with dicloxacillin. The MRSA isolates were sensitive to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (92%) and doxycycline (88%). Patients treated in the outpatient setting (OR 0.073; 95% CI 0.008–0.627; p = 0.017) and patients with a previous history of topical anti-S. aureus decolonization treatments before S. aureus event as stand-alone (OR 0.125; 95% CI 0.018–0.887; p = 0.038) or in combination treatment with systemic antibiotics (OR 0.094; 95% CI 0.009–0.944; p = 0.045) were less likely to see improvement in BSA or mSWAT from S. aureus treatment. Treatment of S. aureus improved CTCL skin score in a high number of erythrodermic patients. The MRSA prevalence was high in erythrodermic CTCL patients. Clinicians should consider using empiric MRSA antibiotic coverage for these patients.
Alkyl Group Migration in Ni-Catalyzed Conjunctive Coupling with C(sp3) Electrophiles: Reaction Development and Application to Targets of Interest.

A catalytic conjunctive cross-coupling reaction is developed that allows the construction of chiral organoboronic esters from alkylboron ate complexes and alkyl iodide electrophiles. The process occurs most efficiently with a Ni/Pybox-comprised catalyst and with an acenapthoquinone-derived boron ligand. Because of the broad functional group tolerance of this reaction, it can be a versatile tool for organic synthesis. Applications to the construction of (R)-coniine and (−)-indolizidine 209D are described.
Under capital's thumb: longitudinal associations between relational social class and health.

Background We used a relational social-class measure based on property ownership and managerial authority to analyse the longitudinal relationships between class, self-rated health (SRH) and mental illness. To our knowledge, this is the first study using a relational social-class measure to evaluate these relationships longitudinally. Methods Using Panel Study of Income Dynamics data from 1984 to 2017, we first assigned respondents aged 25–64 to the not in the labour force (NILF), worker, manager, petit bourgeois (PB) or capitalist classes based on business ownership, managerial authority and employment status. Next, using Cox models, we estimated the confounder-adjusted associations between 2-year-lagged class and incidence of poor/fair SRH and serious mental illness. We also tested whether the associations varied by gender, whether they persisted after more-fully adjusting for traditional socioeconomic-status measures (education and income) and how they changed temporally. Results We identified large inequities in poor/fair SRH. NILFs had the greatest hazard, followed by workers, PBs, managers and capitalists. We also identified large inequities in serious mental illness; NILFs and workers had the greatest hazard, while capitalists had the lowest. Class inequities in both outcomes lessened but remained considerable after confounder and socioeconomic-status adjustment, and we found some evidence that the class–SRH relationship varied by gender, as being NILF was more harmful among men than women. Additionally, class inequities in the outcomes decreased somewhat over time. Conclusion We identified substantial class inequities in SRH and mental illness. Our findings demonstrate the importance of using relational social-class measures to deepen understanding of health inequities’ root causes.
Characteristics of estrus before and after first insemination and fertility of heifers after synchronized estrus using GnRH, PGF2alpha, and progesterone.

Our objectives were to determine fertility of heifers after synchronization of estrus using PGF2alpha, preceded by progesterone (P4), GnRH, or both, and to examine the variability of estrual characteristics in heifers before first and second AI. Dairy (n = 247) and beef (n = 193) heifers were assigned randomly to each of three treatments: 1) 50 microg of GnRH (injected i.m.) administered on d -7 followed by 25 mg of PGF2alpha (i.m.) on d -1 (GnRH + PGF; modified Select Synch protocol); 2) placement of an intravaginal progesterone (P4)-releasing insert on d -7, PGF2alpha on d -1, and insert removal on d 0 (P4+PGF); and 3) 50 microg of GnRH plus a P4 insert on d -7, followed by 25 mg of PGF2alpha on d -1, and insert removal on d 0 (P4+GnRH+PGF). Characteristics of estrus were examined before first AI and before the next eligible AI (18 to 26 d later), including duration of estrus, number of standing events, and total and individual duration of standing events. In addition, all heifers were checked visually at least twice daily for estrus. Blood samples were collected on d -7, -1, and 0 for determination of P4, and pregnancy status was diagnosed by ultrasonography 27 to 34 d after AI. Rates of detected estrus were less (P < 0.05) in dairy than in beef heifers, and greater (P < 0.05) in heifers treated with P4. Pattern of conception and pregnancy rates among treatments differed between beef and dairy heifers (treatment x group interaction; P < 0.05). In dairy heifers, conception and pregnancy rates were greatest with P4+PGF, followed by P4+GnRH+PGF and GnRH+PGF, respectively. The opposite was observed among treatments in beef heifers. Administration of P4 without the preceding injection of GnRH produced the lowest pregnancy rates in beefheifers. Ofthe quantified sexual behavioral characteristics during the synchronized estrus, the number of standing events and total duration of standing events were greater (P < 0.01) than those observed during the next eligible estrus before second AI, whereas duration of estrus was unaffected.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Hospitalization Rates among US Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND Although global reviews of infant RSV burden exist, none have summarized data from the United States or evaluated how RSV burden estimates are influenced by variations in study design. METHODS We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of studies describing RSV-associated hospitalization rates among US infants and examined the impact of key study characteristics on these estimates. RESULTS We reviewed 3328 articles through August 14, 2020 and identified 25 studies with 31 unique estimates of RSV-associated hospitalization rates. Among US infants <1 year of age, annual rates ranged from 8.4 to 40.8 per 1000 with a pooled rate= 19.4 (95%CI: 17.9-20.9). Study type influenced RSV-associated hospitalization rates (P=.003), with active surveillance studies having pooled rates (11.0; 95%CI: 9.8-12.2) that were half that of studies based on administrative claims (21.4; 95%CI: 19.5-23.3) or modeling approaches (23.2; 95%CI: 20.2-26.2). CONCLUSIONS Applying our pooled rates to the 2020 US birth cohort suggests that 79,850 (95%CI: 73,680-86,020) RSV-associated infant hospitalizations occur each year. The full range of RSV-associated hospitalization rates identified in our review can better inform future evaluations of RSV prevention strategies. More research is needed to better understand differences in estimated RSV burden across study design.
Blind Image Deblurring based on Kernel Mixture.

Blind Image deblurring tries to estimate blurriness and a latent image out of a blurred image. This estimation, as being an ill-posed problem, requires imposing restrictions on the latent image or a blur kernel that represents blurriness. Different from recent studies that impose some priors on the latent image, this paper regulates the structure of the blur kernel. We propose a kernel mixture structure while using the Gaussian kernel as a base kernel. By combining multiple Gaussian kernels structurally enhanced in terms of scales and centers, the kernel mixture becomes capable of modeling nearly non-parametric shape of blurriness. A data-driven decision for the number of base kernels to combine makes the structure even more flexible. We apply this approach to a remote sensing problem to recover images from blurry images of satellite. This case study shows the superiority of the proposed method regulating the blur kernel in comparison with state-of-the-art methods that regulates the latent image.
Adapting to College Life After Military Service: A Motivational Perspective

This study explores how student veterans draw on principles of self-determination theory, focusing on the learning processes shaping their abilities to adapt to new environments, namely college. By developing intrinsic motivation, student veterans successfully embrace their college student identities. Using a case study method along with self-determination theory, this study demonstrates how characteristics of intrinsic motivation assisted student veterans to shape their development as college students. As such, student veterans were enabled to become self-determined, which fostered their transition to the college environment. Implications for higher education practitioners and counselors are discussed.
Viral infection and dementia: A brief synthesis

For the past 400 years, the most common cause of dementia was tertiary syphilis [1]. Its prevalence declined dramatically with the advent of potent antibiotics in the 20th century, but these same antibiotics also helped increase our average lifespan, leading to dramatic increases in the prevalence of age-related dementias. Abundant progress has been made connecting early onset dementias with mutations in neural genes. Late onset dementias have been linked to a more enigmatic set of genes, some of which have been connected to neuroinflammation, begging the question: Are age-related dementias linked to infection? Numerous studies have reported an association between dementia and infections in general and viral infections in particular. While these associations have been subject to extensive reviews, the purpose of this synthesis is to examine the hypothesized link of viral infections and dementia from the opposite perspective: What do we know about acute and chronic encephalitides that could forge a link with dementias? There appears to be little support for the concept that viral infections are a major contributor to today’s common dementias. However, the emergence of new central nervous system (CNS) viral infections, coupled with senescent immune and nervous systems in our aged population, create new opportunities for infections to contribute to dementia.
Early Surgery for Spontaneous Pneumothorax Associated With Reduced Recurrence, Resource Utilization.

ABSTRACT Background Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) occurs in adolescent patients and frequently recurs. Reliable predictors of recurrence may identify candidates for early VATS (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery). We hypothesize that demographic and clinical factors are associated with recurrence, and that earlier surgery is associated with decreased recurrence and resource utilization. Methods Patients between ages 5 and 21 treated for PSP at a single center from January 1, 2008 to June 30th, 2019 were identified. Presenting demographics, clinical management, and outcomes were analyzed, with focus on the first admission for PSP. “Early VATS” was defined as VATS during the first admission, and “late VATS” as VATS at any point after the first admission for a given side. Results Thirty-nine patients met inclusion criteria, with a total of 82 pneumothoraces. Following initial encounter, 48.7% had ipsilateral recurrence. Early VATS was associated with less recurrence (P = 0.002). No other predictive factors were associated with ipsilateral recurrence. Early VATS was associated with reduced overall recurrence (P Conclusions While predictors of recurrence are not apparent at initial admission, early VATS is associated with decreased recurrence and resource utilization.
Gastric Secretory and Humoral Responses to Anticipated Feeding in Five Men

It is believed that humans anticipate appetizing meals by increasing vagally mediated gastric acid secretion. Studies were conducted on 5 normal male volunteers to characterize further the secretory response to anticipated meals. Plasma gastrin and glucose levels were monitored to assess the possibility that these humoral factors participated in the observed secretory changes. Subjects were not fed for 22 hr and were intubated at 10 AM. Basal gastric collections were begun, and at 1 PM on different days, subjects either (a) selected meals of choice prepared in their presence for 1 hr before nasogastric tube withdrawal and meal ingestion or (b) were not foodteased or fed. Gastric collections were obtained every 10 min during the "test" hour (1–2 PM) during both (a) and (b) studies and titrated for gastric acid. Blood samples for plasma glucose and RIA gastrin were obtained during basal and test hours every 10 min. Pentagastrin-stimulated maximal acid output studies were conducted on all subjects on separate days. Results showed a progressive and statistically significant rise in gastric acid secretion when an appetizing, self-selected meal was anticipated. The magnitude of this rise was 55% of the mean pentagastrin-induced acid response. This acid response did not correlate with changes in plasma glucose or gastrin. The study demonstrated that pure psychic stimulation may be as effective an acid stimulant as sham feeding.
The bifunctional enzyme leukotriene-A4 hydrolase is an arginine aminopeptidase of high efficiency and specificity.

Abstract Leukotriene-A4 hydrolase (EC 3.3.2.6) cleaved the NH2-terminal amino acid from several tripeptides, typified by arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid, arginyl-glycyl-glycine, and arginyl-histidyl-phenylalanine, with catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) > or = 1 x 10(6) M-1 s-1. This exceeds by 10-fold the kcat/Km for its lipid substrate leukotriene A4. Catalytic efficiency declined for dipeptides which had kcat/Km ratios 10-100-fold lower than tripeptides. Tetrapeptides and pentapeptides were even poorer substrates with catalytic efficiencies below 10(3) M-1 s-1. The enzyme preferentially hydrolyzed tripeptide substrates and single amino acid p-nitroanilides with L-arginine at the NH2 terminus. Peptides with proline at the second position were not hydrolyzed, suggesting a requirement for an N-hydrogen at the peptide bond cleaved. Peptides with a blocked NH2 terminus were not hydrolyzed. The specificity constant (kcat/Km) was optimal at pH 7.2 with pK values at 6.8 and 7.9; binding was maximal at pH 8.0. Serum albumins activated the peptidase, increasing tripeptide affinities (Km) by 3-10-fold and specificities (kcat/Km) by 4-13-fold. Two known inhibitors of arginine peptidases, arphamenine A and B, inhibited hydrolysis of L-arginine p-nitroanilide with dissociation constants = 2.0 and 2.5 microM, respectively. Although the primary role of LTA4 hydrolase is widely regarded as the conversion of the lipid substrate leukotriene A4 into the inflammatory lipid mediator leukotriene B4, our data are the first showing that tripeptides are "better" substrates. This is compatible with a biological role for the peptidase activity of the enzyme and may be relevant to the distribution of the enzyme in organs like the ileum, liver, lung, and brain. We present a model which accommodates the available data on the interaction of substrates and inhibitors with the enzyme. This model can account for overlap in the active site for hydrolysis of leukotriene A4 and peptide or p-nitroanilide substrates.
In the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit: Brief of Interested Law Professors, as Amici Curiae, in Support of the Petition for Rehearing En Banc of Nejapa Holding Company Limited and Inkia Salvadorian Power

Brief of interested law professors addressing proper role of mandamus in reviewing remand denials. The brief persuaded a Fifth Circuit panel to withdraw its opinion and deny the writ.
Symbolic Computation and Teaching

Since 1989, the author has tried to show that it is possible to put a complete semester-long course in machine-held form. Several examples have been carried out (in Mathematica), and the paper reports on the experience, on the problems encountered, and on some suggestions for future developments.
The Efeect of Contention on the Scalability of Page-Based Software Shared Memory Systems

In this paper, we examine the causes and effects of contention for shared data access in parallel programs running on a software distributed shared memory (DSM) system. Specifically, we experiment on two widely-used, page-based protocols, Princeton's home-based lazy release consistency (HLRC) and TreadMarks. For most of our programs, these protocols were equally affected by latency increases caused by contention and achieved similar performance. Where they differ significantly, HLRC's ability to manually eliminate load imbalance was the largest factor accounting for the difference. To quantify the effects of contention we either modified the application to eliminate the cause of the contention or modified the underlying protocol to efficiently handle it. Overall, we find that contention has profound effects on performance: eliminating contention reduced execution time by 64% in the most extreme case, even at the relatively modest scale of 32 nodes that we consider in this paper.
Erratum: “Morphology of TiSi2 and ZrSi2 on Si(100) and (111) surfaces” [J. Mater. Res. 9, 1214–1227 (1994)]

After this article appeared in the May issue of The corrected equation is printed below. Journal of Materials Research, the authors noticed an error in Eq. (2) on page 1217. In Eq. (2) on that page, the second equal sign is incorrect and should have appeared as a plus sign.
On Three Potential Sources of Comprehensible Input for Second Language Acquisition

Three potential sources of comprehensible input for second language acquisition are examined: Modified Input, Interactionally Modified Input and Modified Output. To this end, an attempt is made to closely investigate how each type of linguistic environment facilitates learner comprehension, and subsequently, acquisition. Different theoretical claims as well as a number of empirical studies are discussed in order to explore the link between different sources of input and language development. The paper concludes with a critical discussion of how the perceived comprehension actually leads to the acquisition of the features of the target language, and with suggestions for future research in this area.
Diagnosis and treatment of premalignant lesions of the vulva: A review☆

Abstract Obstetricians and gynecologists must be aware of any disease process with an increased malignancy potential. The premalignant lesions of the vulva were classified as granulomatous lesions, white lesions, preinvasive lesions, and nevi. Emphasis was placed upon the premalignant potential of the granulomatous lesions with a more conservative approach to the white lesions. Attention should be focused on the entire vulva with the premalignant lesions. Prophylaxis was emphasized with the perineal nevi. The vulva “skinectomy” procedure was endorsed for specific conditions because of the excellent cosmetic results, improved sexual harmony, and hopeful comparative results.
Response of Linear Periodically Time Varying Systems to Random Excitation

R ECENTLY developed stochastic models for the flapping vibration of helicopter rotor blades give rise to the problem of determining the response of periodically time varying linear systems to random excitation. Mathematically, the problem is to determine the statistical properties of a response process x(t) satisfying dx/dt = A(t)x + /; A(t) = A(t + T) (1) where/(t) is a random input process and the matrixv4(£) is given in terms of system parameters. In this Note, the class of weakly periodic nonstationary processes is shown to arise in a natural way in connection with the system (1). In particular, it is shown that the steady-state response of the system (1), if it exists, to a weakly periodic nonstationary process with period T is also a weakly periodic nonstationary process with period T. In Refs. 1-4 both time domain and mixed time frequency domain methods have been used to calculate response statistics for Eqs. (1). These relations are generalized within the framework of weakly periodic nonstationary processes.
Modeling of combustion of a gaseous sphere using mathematica

Transient combustion of a gaseous sphere of fuel is examined in the flamesheet limit. The gas is considered thermally expandable, the Lewis numbers are taken as unity and a temperature-dependent thermal diffusivity is allowed. Evaluation of some approximations used in forming the model are evaluated by examining a spherical, nonlinear thermal conduction problem first. Mathematica is used to solve the PDEs arising from both problems by a Method of Lines. The solutions for the combustion problem show the expansion and subsequent collapse of the flame-sheet trajectory, the sharp initial temperature spike at the flame front and its later diffusive spreading, and the early peaked expansion velocity, followed by a double humped velocity profile.
Evidence for a dominant gene mechanism underlying coeliac disease in the West of Ireland

Although coeliac disease (CD) is strongly associated with the HLA alleles B8 and DR3, the genetic basis of this illness remains obscure. Recent studies show that at least two unlinked loci are involved. Most studies agree on recessivity at the HLA-unlinked locus but differ with respect to dominance or recessivity at the HLA-linked disease susceptibility locus. To address this controversy, we examined the association of CD with HLA in 39 families from the West of Ireland. Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of CD and the frequencies of the HLA antigens associated with it are higher in this population than in most others. Analysis of the data revealed a significant excess of concordant sib-pairs with two HLA haplotypes in common and an excess of discordant pairs with no haplotype in common. Chi-square tests confirmed a highly significant association between HLA-B8 and CD. Both heterozygotes and homozygotes for B8 had a significantly increased risk of CD. The risk for homozygotes was slightly higher than for heterozygotes, although not significantly so. The segregation ratio for disease occurrence among sibs of probands was estimated to be 0.185 when neither parent is affected. We estimated a gene frequency of 0.003 for the disease allele (C) at the HLA-linked locus and of 0.648 for the disease allele (d) at the HLA-unlinked locus. Assuming that CCdd homozygotes are always affected and that only carriers of C who are homozygous dd can be affected, the disease was found to be completely penetrant in Ccdd heterozygotes. These results support dominance at the HLA-linked locus conferring susceptibility to CD. Possible reasons for the discrepancy between the West of Ireland and other populations are discussed.
Test of Martin’s overkill hypothesis using radiocarbon dates on extinct megafauna

Following Martin [Martin PS (1973) Science 179:969-974], we propose the hypothesis that the timing of human arrival to the New World can be assessed by examining the ecological impacts of a small population of people on extinct Pleistocene megafauna. To that end, we compiled lists of direct radiocarbon dates on paleontological specimens of extinct genera from North and South America with the expectation that the initial decline of extinct megafauna should correspond in time with the initial evidence for human colonization and that those declines should occur first in eastern Beringia, next in the contiguous United States, and last in South America. Analyses of spacings and frequency distributions of radiocarbon dates for each region support the idea that the extinction event first commenced in Beringia, roughly 13,300-15,000 BP. For the United States and South America, extinctions commenced considerably later but were closely spaced in time. For the contiguous United States, extinction began at ca. 12,900-13,200 BP, and at ca. 12,600-13,900 BP in South America. For areas south of Beringia, these estimates correspond well with the first significant evidence for human presence and are consistent with the predictions of the overkill hypothesis.
10.9 A 13.1-to-28GHz fractional-N PLL in 32nm SOI CMOS with a ΔΣ noise-cancellation scheme

A key challenge in high-performance I/O, as well as in reconfigurable radio and radar applications, is the generation of a clean clock signal supporting a wide range of frequencies. The introduction of fractional-N synthesis capability for wide-tuning-range applications enables generation of arbitrary output frequencies within that range from a single choice of reference frequency. A critical challenge in fractional-N synthesizer design is the cancellation of the deterministic component of the fractional-N ΔΣ noise, allowing fractional-N solutions to be applied even in noise-sensitive contexts. In this work, we present a flexible, wide tuning range, fractional-N PLL implemented in 32nm SOI CMOS technology, introducing two separate methods — one in the proportional path and one in the integral path — to process and suppress ΔΣ noise. The demonstrated design includes an integrated automatic calibration loop to optimize noise suppression, uses a dual VCO complex to support generation of any output frequency from 13 to 28GHz from a reference clock in the range of 15 to 300 MHz, and also supports extended tuning down to 1GHz through the use of configurable output dividers.
Wild and zoo animal interactive management and habitat conservation

This review considers interactive management of wild and zoo populations as a stratesy to support habitat preservation, help sustain key endangered species, and hasten the evolution of zoos and aquaria as proactive conservation organizations. Interactive management supports key species' subpopulations in an integrated fashion, using their study in nature as a way to understand wildlife habitats, ecological processes and conservation threats. In the face of human increase and habitat destruction, the survival of much wildlife will depend upon the utility of fragments of habitat and the survival of relatively small populations whose habitats are reduced or altered and whose numbers are capped. Under such conditions, interactive wild-captive metapopulation strategies may increase the security of key species. Captive propagation skills and urban locations pre-adapt zoos as headquarters for nature preservation. Thus, a key objective in zoo evolution is to focus upon the species and its habitat as the unit of conservation, not the species alone.
Diabetes mellitus in a new kindred with familial hypobetalipoproteinemia and an apolipoprotein B truncation (apoB-55)

Abstract Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia is an autosomal co-dominant disorder, which in a minority of cases is due to a truncation producing mutation in the apoB gene. We have identified an apoB mutation in a 40-year old hypobetalipoproteinemic man with Type II diabetes mellitus. Immunoblotting of plasma revealed a major band for apoB-100 and a minor band with estimated size between apoB-52 and apoB-55. The proband's 75-year old father with Type II diabetes and a non-diabetic daughter also possessed the truncated protein. Direct sequencing of the amplified fragment of genomic DNA revealed a C→T transition at nt 7692 in exon 26 of the apoB gene. This substitution yielded a premature stop codon at residue 2495 and abolished a Bsa I restriction endonuclease site. The identical mutation has been described previously; however, the genotypes and ancestors of the kindred were different, suggesting that the mutation may have occurred independently. The majority of apoB-55 was eluted as particles smaller than LDL-sized apoB-100, and floated mostly between the LDL and HDL density range. It is worth noting that despite the presence of Type II diabetes, both the proband and his father have very low plasma lipid levels and neither have any clinically manifest macrovascular complications.
Composite models with chiral symmetry

Two model field theories involving scalar and fermion fields with contact interactions are analyzed. The models are solved in the large-$N$ limit. It is shown that chiral symmetry of the Lagrangian is realized in the spectrum. The anomalous magnetic moment of the composite fermions is shown to be $\frac{{m}_{F}}{{{m}_{B}}^{2}}$, where ${m}_{F}$ and ${m}_{B}$ are the masses of the fermionic and bosonic preons, respectively. Finally a semirealistic model which incorporates the known gauge interactions is constructed.