cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predisposing factors of diminished survival in simultaneous liver/kidney transplantation.

Since the adoption of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, simultaneous liver/kidney transplants (SLKT) have substantially increased. Recently, unfavorable outcomes have been reported yet contributing factors remain unclear. We retrospectively reviewed 74 consecutive adult SLKT performed at our center from 2000 to 2010 and compared with kidney transplant alone (KTA, N = 544). In SLKT, patient and death-censored kidney graft survival rates were 64 ± 6% and 81 ± 5% at 5 years, respectively (median follow-up, 47 months). Multivariable analyses revealed three independent risk factors affecting patient survival: hepatitis C virus positive (HCV+, hazard ratio [HR] 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–7.9), panel reactive antibody (PRA) > 20% (HR 2.8, 95% CI 1.1–7.2) and female donor gender (HR 2.9, 95% CI 1.1–7.9). For death-censored kidney graft survival, delayed graft function was the strongest negative predictor (HR 8.3, 95% CI 2.5–27.9), followed by HCV+ and PRA > 20%. The adjusted risk of death-censored kidney graft loss in HCV+ SLKT patients was 5.8 (95% CI 1.6–21.6) compared with HCV+ KTA (p = 0.008). Recurrent HCV within 1 year after SLKT correlated with early kidney graft failure (p = 0.004). Careful donor/recipient selection and innovative approaches for HCV+ SLKT patients are critical to further improve long-term outcomes.
Drug-eluting stents may not reduce target lesion revascularization in cardiac allograft vasculopathy.

Objective Although drug-eluting stent (DES) compared with bare metal stent (BMS) use reduces in-stent restenosis (ISR) in traditional coronary artery disease, its efficacy in cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) has not been clearly established. Background CAV is a leading cause of mortality after the first year following cardiac transplantation. CAV treatment options are limited, and DES use has increased significantly in this population. Methods In a retrospective study of heart transplant patients at our institution who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with a BMS or DES for CAV, we compared baseline characteristics, clinical outcomes, ISR, and target lesion revascularization (TLR). The primary end-point was angiographic ISR assessed by quantitative coronary angiography analyzed as both a binary (≤50% vs. >50%) and continuous variable (follow-up minimal luminal area [MLA]/baseline MLA). Secondary outcomes included TLR and a composite of death, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and retransplantation. Results In 45 patients with DES, BMS, or both, ISR assessed as a continuous variable was statistically different between the 2 stent groups (follow-up MLA/baseline MLA = 0.796 DES vs. 0.481 BMS; P = 0.0037). There was also a significant difference in ISR (10.8% for DES versus 30.7% for BMS) when assessed as a binary variable. There was no statistically significant difference in TLR or composite cardiovascular outcomes between groups when adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions ISR assessed as a continuous variable was significantly different between stent groups. However, this did not lead to a difference in TLR or cardiovascular outcomes. This hypothesis-generating finding suggests that patients with CAV may not necessarily need treatment with DES, which can be more costly and carries more potential risk than BMS. (J Interven Cardiol 2014;27:80–85)
The Effect of Maté on Enzymes Involved in the Recovery from Oxidative Stress (LB199)

In comparing the effect of Mate to that of green tea, it has been shown that Mate has higher anti-oxidative properties. We have shown that the extract of Yerba Mate, paraguariensis, leaves does ind...
A reconstruction of the population of North Italy from 1650 to 1881 using annual inverse projection with comparisons to England, France, and Sweden

North Italy annual population and vital rates are reconstructed from 1650 to 1881 using series of vital event indices from many rural parishes and cities. Inverse projection is applied to the reconstructed series of vital events and population to generate annual age distribution, gross reproduction rate, net reproduction rate, life expectancy at birth, and infant mortality rate. The results are compared with official sources and detailed demographic rates produced by annual inverse projection using data from England, France, and Sweden. Over the long term, North Italy is generally characterized by stagnant and relatively high mortality. Fertility and nuptiality are relatively high at the beginning and at the end of the period.
Evidence That the Gene–Environment Interactions Underlying Youth Conduct Problems Vary Across Development

Gene–environment interactions (G × E) are thought to constitute a core mechanism through which genes influence youth conduct problems. Although biometric G × E studies have yielded provocative leads, two interrelated issues have yet to be meaningfully considered. First, most work has been focused on the diathesis-stress model of G × E, in which genetic risk is amplified following exposure to an environmental pathogen. Although this form of G × E appears to be important, other possible instantiations of G × E exist. For example, in bioecological G × E, deleterious environments amplify environmental influences on the outcome. Second, conduct problems change dramatically from childhood to adolescence in that high levels of physical aggression give way to high levels of nonaggressive delinquency. As such, researchers must consider development to understand G × E. I consider both of these issues in relation to one another to encourage additional research on the development of G × E.
Lack of association between oral contraceptive use and ulcerative colitis.

Abstract Previous epidemiological studies suggesting an association between oral contraceptive use and ulcerative colitis incidence have been weak and conflicting. To measure a possible association, 46 incident cases of ulcerative colitis patients, women aged 18–50 years, were compared with peer-nominated agematched and sex-matched controls. There were no differences between case and control patients in demographic characteristics. There was no association between oral contraceptive use and ulcerative colitis (current use: odds ratio 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.27–1.83; former use: odds ratio 1.14, confidence interval 0.41–3.15; current or former use: odds ratio 0.86, confidence interval 0.40–1.85). Stratifying by disease location (pancolitis or left-sided disease) also failed to identify an association. Controlling for possible confounding effects of cigarette smoking did not alter the lack of association between oral contraceptive use and ulcerative colitis. Similarly, testing for interaction failed to demonstrate any effect modification. Analyzing for duration of current oral contraceptive use or time interval since last use failed to demonstrate a "dose-response" effect. The study was of sufficient size to detect statistical significance for oral contraceptive use for odds ratios of 2.8 and higher. In this matched case-control study of incident cases and community controls, there was no association between oral contraceptive use and ulcerative colitis incidence. To date, there is no evidence suggesting that women predisposed to the development of ulcerative colitis should be advised to avoid oral contraceptive use.
Effects of unanticipated VSWR reflection and delay on range correlation performance

Many parameters can affect the range correlation and range measurement during a spacecraft's normal range operation as well as in a space vehicle range testing environment. These parameters include the unanticipated voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) reflection, multipath, flutter, space or hardware group delay, and ionospheric propagation delay, which can distort the amplitude and phase of the received pseudorange noise (PRN) range signal. Many other known or deterministic parameters, such as range receiver average noise — from local oscillator (LO) and quantization average noises, and Doppler delay, can be removed a priori from the range calculation by using software. This paper deals with correlation of the PRN range code in the correlation receiver relative to the 500 kHz clock in the reference clock receiver. This paper shows that this range correlation value (RCV) could well exceed the known correlation limit of 100% due to the unexpected VSWR reflection, multipath, or space or hardware delay, as mentioned above.
Norepinephrine increases NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells via α-adrenergic receptors

Many diseases associated with sympathoexcitation also exhibit elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS). A recent animal study indicated that exogenous administration of the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) increased systemic ROS via circulating leukocytes. The mechanisms contributing to this effect of NE and whether these findings can be translated to humans is unknown. Thus we tested the hypothesis that NE increases superoxide production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) via NADPH oxidase. Primary human PBMCs were freshly isolated from healthy young men and placed in culture. After NE (50 pg/ml, 50 ng/ml, and 50 μg/ml concentrations) or control treatments, NADPH oxidase mRNA expression (gp91phox, p22phox, and p67phox) was assessed using real-time RT-PCR, and intracellular superoxide production was measured using dihydroethidium fluorescence. PBMCs were also treated with selective adrenergic agonists-antagonists to determine the receptor population involved. In addition, CD14+ monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion was determined using a fluorescent-based assay. NE significantly increased NADPH oxidase gene expression and intracellular superoxide production in a time-dependent manner (superoxide: 0.9 ± 0.2 fold, 6 h vs. 3.0 ± 0.3 fold, 36 h; NE, 50 μg/ml; P < 0.05). The sustained increase in NE-induced superoxide production was primarily mediated via α-adrenergic receptors, preferentially α2-receptors. The NADPH oxidase blocker diphenylene iodonium and protein kinase C inhibitor Staurosporine significantly attenuated NE-induced increases in superoxide production. Importantly, NE treatment increased CD14+ monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. These findings indicate for the first time that NE increases superoxide production in freshly isolated primary human PBMCs via NADPH oxidase through α-adrenergic receptors, an effect facilitating monocyte adhesion to the endothelium.
A study of androgen biosynthesis by the human testis in vitro

The biosynthetic pathways in human testicular tissue have been studied extensively in our laboratory without the use of radioisotopes. Experiments were conducted with normal testicular tissue from patients undergoing orchiectomy for prostatic cancer. These studies have shown that the preferred pathway of testosterone biosynthesis is influenced by the nature and concentration of cofactor added to the incubation medium. Four enzymes are involved in the transformation of pregnenolone to testosterone, that is, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17 alpha-hydroxylase, C17-C20 lyase and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase. Our studies show that the 4-ene pathway predominates in the biosynthesis of testosterone from pregnenolone. Analysis of several samples of human testicular vein blood supports the contention that 4-androsten-3,17-dione is the immediate precursor of testosterone.
Review of "Microprogramming Primer by Harry Katzan Jr.," McGraw-Hill, New York, $17.95

This book is an excellent introduction to the topics of microprogram control and emulation. It is well-organized and easy to read. The author uses a simple hypothetical machine to explain the basic concept of microprogram control. Then he proceeds to give a very detailed description of an actual microprocessor (the Burroughs D-machine), and uses this machine to introduce emulation concepts. The TRANSLANG microprogramming language for the D-machine is described, and is used to generate many sample microprograms showing emulation techniques. These sample microprograms were actually executed via a D-machine simulator, and the results of the simulation runs are given in the book along with the sample microprograms. The book is to have a companion instructor's manual which will contain FORTRAN IV listings of the TRANSLANG compiler and D-machine simulator -- ideal for use in a course on microprogramming.
Assessing the experience of mandated collaborative inter-jurisdictional transport planning in the United States

Abstract This paper explores collaborative transport planning among governmental authorities where jurisdictions overlap and the lines of authority are ambiguous or unclear–an increasingly common situation in this era of waning trade and travel restrictions. We do this by examining the experience of mandated collaborative transportation planning among state departments of transportation (DOTs) and metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) in the USA following a significant change to national surface transportation policy in the early 1990s. To understand how state transport planning and plans changed following the inter-jurisdictional collaboration mandated by passage of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA), we examine recent statewide transport planning in 14 of the largest US states and conducted interviews with 66 state and regional planners. We find that, despite the myriad topics that state DOTs tried to include within their comprehensive statewide plans, these plans have had, at best, a limited influence on metropolitan transport planning and activities. Despite this, we find that the mandated collaborative planning did help to increase inter-agency coordination on issues (1) where network or environmental externalities transcend regional boundaries, (2) that require the political clout of a higher-level governmental authority to enforce locally unpopular decisions, or (3) that take advantage of institutional economies of scale.
Mixed effects of long-term frozen storage on cord tissue stem cells

Abstract Background aims Cord tissue (CT) storage is promoted as an opportunity to preserve a source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for future use. We analyzed maximal MSC yields from fresh and frozen CT including functional capacity after long-term cryopreservation as a means of assessing potential utility. Methods CT was evaluated immediately upon harvest or frozen and banked for 5 years before analysis. Upon thawing, cell viability and yield were determined, as were growth characteristics and the ability to differentiate into various tissues. After thawing, enzymatic digestion of CT to release MSCs resulted in poor cell recoveries and few viable cells, requiring explant cultures to recover sufficient cell numbers for analysis. Upon expansion of surviving cells, fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis showed the cells to be MSCs based on phenotype (CD34–, 45–, 44+, 90+, 105+) and function (ability to form adipocytes and osteoblasts). Frozen CT, however, exhibited decreased plating efficiency, increased doubling times but near equivalent maximum cell expansion, compared with fresh CT. Conclusions Poor cell yields and recoveries, along with slower growth characteristics, make frozen CT a less-than-optimal choice for MSC banking, despite good functional recovery. In addition, because the amount of fresh CT available at birth is limited and total MSC yields are low, even fresh CT-MSC requires extensive in vitro expansion before clinical use, which limits it application.
The implications of memory profiles in schizophrenia on vocational and neuropsychological functioning

Studies in schizophrenia suggest that verbal learning and memory may distinguish three subgroups of patients: an unimpaired memory profile group and two groups that have memory profiles similar to those seen in cortical and subcortical dementias. Using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, Revised edition (HVLT-R), this study attempted to differentiate patients into three memory profile groups and to examine the validity of these groups with respect to vocational outcomes and neuropsychological functioning. Results from this study replicated previous findings and extended them by demonstrating a link to vocational outcome. In addition, the proportion of patients in each group closely resembled that obtained in previous studies. Specifically, the relatively unimpaired memory group (42%) showed overall better memory and neuropsychological performance than the two impaired groups, the subcortical group (38%) showed impaired recall but intact recognition and deficits in visuospatial functioning, and the cortical group (20%) showed deficits in recall, recognition, and sustained attention/executive functioning. There were no clinical differences between the three groups, but both the unimpaired and subcortical groups increased the number of hours worked following a vocational rehabilitation program. Given these differences, more research is warranted to explore the effect of memory impairment subtypes on vocational outcome measures.
Simultaneous determination of biogenic monoamines in rat brain dialysates using capillary high-performance liquid chromatography with photoluminescence following electron transfer.

Simultaneous determination of biogenic monoamines such as dopamine, serotonin, and 3-methoxytyramine in brain is important in understanding neurotransmitter activity. This study presents a sensitive determination of biogenic monoamines in rat brain striatum microdialysates using capillary high-performance liquid chromatography with the photoluminescence following electron-transfer detection technique. Separation conditions were optimized by changing the concentration of an ion-interaction agent and the percentage of an organic modifier. The high concentration of ion-interaction agent enabled the amines as a class to be separated from interfering acids, but also made the separation very long. To shorten the separation time, 10% (v/v) acetonitrile was used as the organic modifier. Eight chromatographic runs during a 3-h period were analyzed in terms of retention times, peak heights, and peak widths. Chromatograms are very reproducible, with less than 1% changes in peak height over 3 h. Typical concentration detection limits at the optimum separation conditions were less than 100 pM for metabolic acids and ~200 pM for monoamines. The injection volume of the sample was 500 nL. Thus, the mass detection limits were less than 50 amol for metabolic acids and ~100 amol for monoamines. Typical separation time was less than 10 min. To validate the technique, the separation method was applied to the observation of drug-induced changes of monoamine concentrations in rat brain microdialysis samples. Local perfusion of tetrodotoxin, a sodium channel blocker, into the striatum of an anesthetized rat decreased dopamine, 3-methoxytyramine, and serotonin concentrations in dialysates. Successive monitoring of striatal dialysates at a temporal resolution of 7.7 min showed that the injection of nomifensine transiently increased dopamine and 3-methoxytyramine concentrations in rat brain dialysate.
Compilation of an inventory of anthropogenic emissions in the United States and Canada

Abstract The quantification of anthropogenic emissions of pollutants is a key task of the Multistate Atmospheric Power Production Pollution Study (MAP3S). The emissions inventory project has been based on obtaining pertinent data gathered by other agencies. This article describes the data obtained and the methodologies developed to organize, merge and manipulate these data so as to provide input and answers to researchers participating in MAP3S. Summaries derived from the data currently available are included to present an overview of the current status of anthropogenic emissions in the United States and Canada.
Iodine contrast cone beam CT imaging of breast cancer

An iodine contrast agent, in conjunction with an X-ray cone beam CT imaging system, was used to clearly image three, biopsy verified, cancer lesions in two patients. The lesions were approximately in the 10 mm to 6 mm diameter range. Additional regions were also enhanced with approximate dimensions down to 1 mm or less in diameter. A flat panel detector, with 194 μm pixels in 2 x 2 binning mode, was used to obtain 500 projection images at 30 fps with an 80 kVp X-ray system operating at 112 mAs, for an 8-9 mGy dose - equivalent to two view mammography for these women. The patients were positioned prone, while the gantry rotated in the horizontal plane around the uncompressed, pendant breasts. This gantry rotated 360 degrees during the patient's 16.6 sec breath hold. A volume of 100 cc of 320 mg/ml iodine-contrast was power injected at 4 cc/sec, via catheter into the arm vein of the patient. The resulting 512 x 512 x 300 cone beam CT data set of Feldkamp reconstructed ~(0.3 mm) 3 voxels were analyzed. An interval of voxel contrast values, characteristic of the regions with iodine contrast enhancement, were used with surface rendering to clearly identify up to a total of 13 highlighted volumes. This included the three largest lesions, that were previously biopsied and confirmed to be malignant. The other ten highlighted regions, of smaller diameters, are likely areas of increased contrast trapping unrelated to cancer angiogenesis. However the technique itself is capable of resolving lesions that small.
A pionic hadron explains the muon magnetic moment anomaly

Abstract A significant discrepancy exists between experiment and calculations of the muon's magnetic moment. We find that standard formulas for the hadronic vacuum polarization term have overlooked pionic states known to exist. Coulomb binding alone guarantees π + π − states that quantum mechanically mix with the ρ meson. A simple 2-state mixing model explains the magnetic moment discrepancy for a mixing angle of order α ∼ 10 −2 . The relevant physical state is predicted to give a tiny observable bump in the ratio R ( s ) of e + e − annihilation at a low energy not previously searched. The burden of proof is reversed for claims that conventional physics cannot explain the muon's anomalous moment.
The Set2/Rpd3S Pathway Suppresses Cryptic Transcription without Regard to Gene Length or Transcription Frequency

In cells lacking the histone methyltransferase Set2, initiation of RNA polymerase II transcription occurs inappropriately within the protein-coding regions of genes, rather than being restricted to the proximal promoter. It was previously reported that this “cryptic” transcription occurs preferentially in long genes, and in genes that are infrequently transcribed. Here, we mapped the transcripts produced in an S. cerevisiae strain lacking Set2, and applied rigorous statistical methods to identify sites of cryptic transcription at high resolution. We find that suppression of cryptic transcription occurs independent of gene length or transcriptional frequency. Our conclusions differ with those reported previously because we obtained a higher-resolution dataset, we accounted for the fact that gene length and transcriptional frequency are not independent variables, and we accounted for several ascertainment biases that make cryptic transcription easier to detect in long, infrequently transcribed genes. These new results and conclusions have implications for many commonly used genomic analysis approaches, and for the evolution of high-fidelity RNA polymerase II transcriptional initiation in eukaryotes.
Analysis of the glucocorticoid antagonist action of dexamethasone 21-mesylate in HeLa S3 cells.

Abstract Several properties of human glucocorticoid receptors eomplexed to the synthetic glucocorticoid agonists dexamethasone (DEX) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and the antagonist dexamethasone 21-mesylate (DM) are compared in an attempt to define the mode of action of DM. Both DEX and TA induce an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity in HeLa S 3 cells. Not only is DM without effect on alkaline phosphatase activity at concentrations as great as 10 −7 M, it blocks the action of DEX and TA on enzyme induction, thus acting as a pure antagonist in this system. DM-receptor complexes, like agonist-receptor complexes, are recovered in the cytosol when cells are incubated with ligand at 0°C but are recovered from the nucleus when incubation is shifted to 37°C, suggesting that activation of the antagonist-receptor complex occurs in vivo . The molecular species that undergoes this temperature-dependent shift from the cytosolic compartment to the nuclear compartment exhibits saturable binding to the antagonist. Both the cytosolic and nuclear species exhibit a relative molecular mass of ⋍ 94,000 Daltons when analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Receptors labeled in intact cells with [ 3 H]DM at 0°C sediment at ~ 8S in sucrose gradients, shifting to 4S when the gradients contain 0.4 M KCl. DEX- and TA-labeled receptors show the same sedimentation behavior, which has been accepted as one criterion of receptor subunit dissociation, or activation.
Erosion of Composite Resins

The surface degradation of composite resins caused by accelerated aging was studied. Accelerated aging for 900 hours caused erosion of the resin matrices and exposure of filler particles. Differences in surface profiles after aging suggest that the materials eroded at different rates. Accelerated aging may model erosive wear of composites.
Motivic cohomology over Dedekind rings

We study properties of Bloch’s higher Chow groups on smooth varieties over Dedekind rings. We prove the vanishing of for i > n, and the existence of a Gersten resolution for if the residue characteristic is p. We also show that the Bloch-Kato conjecture implies the Beilinson-Lichtenbaum conjecture an identification for m invertible, and a Gersten resolution with (arbitrary) finite coefficients. Over a complete discrete valuation ring of mixed characteristic (0,p), we construct a map from motivic cohomology to syntomic cohomology, which is a quasi-isomorphism provided the Bloch-Kato conjecture holds.
Studies on the entry of viruses into the central nervous system of mice via the circulation. Differential effects of vasoactive amines and CO2 on virus infectivity.

The inhalation of CO2 exerted a selective action on the entry of viruses into the CNS of mice via the circulation. In 6 wk old animals, the infectivity of poliovirus, vaccinia, and vesicular stomatitis viruses was enhanced, whereas the entry of herpesviruses and of a neurotropic influenza virus was not affected. However, in 3 to 4 wk old mice, inhalation of the gas enhanced the infectivity of all the viruses. To explain the relationship of age to the animals' response to CO2, it was proposed that CO2 inhalation, by increasing the rate of cerebral blood flow, served to increase the exposure of some extraneural cell(s) to virus, possibly the cerebrovascular endothelial cell, in which virus replicated and reached the brain parenchyma by direct extension of the infectious process. Consequent to maturation, the postulated target cell developed resistance to certain viruses, while its susceptibility to others remained unchanged. Inoculation of adrenalin or serotonin simultaneously with virus into the circulation enhanced the CNS infectivity of all the viruses tested in both 4 wk and 6 wk age groups of mice. The enhancing effects were completely inhibited by the action of an α-adrenergic blocking agent; it was therefore concluded that hemodynamic changes produced by the contractile response of the smooth muscle cells in the vessel walls mediated the enhancing effect. It was suggested that a vasopressor response invoked in the peripheral vessels, with a consequent increase in cerebral blood flow, increased virus dosage to the CNS. In addition, a direct effect of the vasoactive amine on the cerebral vessels, resulting in the disruption of an anatomical "barrier", was considered as a contributory factor in increasing the transfer of virus to the CNS from the circulation.
Communicating behavioral views and techniques to practicing clinicians

The chasm between behavioral and nonbehavioral views of clinical phenomena results in communication difficulties in both directions. We distinguish five situations based on the nature and degree of differences in understanding within the two language systems. We recommend different communication strategies for behavioral scientists, depending upon which situation best applies.
Angular-distribution peak at 60° in electron capture from a heavy atom by a fast light ion

A light ion, incident on a heavy atom with a speed $v\ensuremath{\gg}\frac{{e}^{2}}{\ensuremath{\hbar}}$, may capture an outer electron as follows: The ion first hits the electron and knocks the electron out of the atom with a speed $v$. The ion then scatters elastically, through an angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$, from the target nucleus so as to finally move in the same direction, and with the same speed, as the emergent electron. Kinematics require that $\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\approx}60$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. This process is analyzed both classically and semiclassically, and it is shown that the angular distribution has a sharp peak about $\ensuremath{\theta}=60$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}.
Flowgraph representation of life cycle cost methodology-a new perspective for project managers

A novel technique is presented for performing life-cycle cost analysis. The technique is based on a graph-theoretic representation of interrelationships among the variables as functions making up a given methodology: learning, cost parameters, cost factors, and quantities. A diagraph representation of variable relationships serves as the basis for establishing the network. Flowgraph theory is used to solve the network. This technique is believed to be significant because a single representation of the cost analysis methodology provides: a communication representation which will allow project managers to be aware of content, complexity, and underlying cost drivers of their system's life-cycle cost; a mathematical representation which is based on a cost analyst's logical description of the methodology; and a computer-executable representation. >
Long-term neurologic outcomes after common fetal interventions

Objective Fetal interventions have clearly decreased mortality, but the neurological outcomes of survivors are of critical concern. Here we consolidated available data on long-term neurological outcomes after common fetal interventions to guide counseling, management, and future research. Study Design Published studies assessing long-term neurological outcomes after common fetal interventions from 1990 through 2014 were collected. We included all studies with a cohort of more than 5 patients and with follow-up of 1 year or longer. We divided procedures into those performed for singletons and for multiples. Singleton procedures included amnioinfusion for preterm premature rupture of membranes, intrauterine transfusion for red cell alloimmunization–associated anemia, intrauterine transfusion for parvovirus-associated anemia, vesicoamniotic shunts, thoracoamniotic shunts, ventriculoamniotic shunts, fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion for congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and open fetal cases by myelomeningocele and others. Multiple procedures included those done for monochorionic twins including serial amnioreduction, selective fetoscopic laser photocoagulation, and selective termination. Results Of 1341 studies identified, 28 met the inclusion criteria. We combined available literature for all procedures. Studies varied in their length of follow-up and method of assessing neurological status. Neurological outcome after intervention varied by procedure but was normal in 40-93%, mildly impaired in 3-33%, and severely impaired in 1-40%. Follow-up to school age was rare with the exception of procedures for monochorionic twins. Conclusion Fetal treatments have been successful in achieving survival in previously hopeless cases, but success should also be determined by the outcomes of survivors. Except for monochorionic twins, there is a dearth of reported long-term outcomes. Standardized reporting of long-term neurological sequelae is imperative so that meaningful analysis and study comparisons can be made.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for a second-order Wiener-Itô integral process to be mixing

Abstract Let ( X s , s ∈ Z ) be a stationary Gaussian process with spectral measure σ, time-shift operator U , and the associated p th order multiple Wiener-Ito integrals, I p , p = 1,2,…, defined on their domains L 2 (σ p ,sym). Let f ∈ L 2 (σ p ,sym). We give a necessary and sufficient spectral condition for the stationary process ( U s ( I p f ), s ∈ Z ) to be mixing in the case p = 2; a simplified sufficient condition is given for f of the form f = g 1 ⊗ h 1 + g 2 ⊗ h 2 +⋯+ g n ⊗ h n , where g i , h i ∈ L 2 (σ 1 ,sym). Similar results are obtained in the case p = 4. A necessary and sufficient spectral condition is given for ( U s ( I p ( h ⊗⋯⊗ h )), s isin; Z ) to be mixing, for any p ⩾1 and h ∈ L 2 (σ 1 ,sym). An example of a non-mixing stationary Gaussian process with a mixing factor process is given.
On the existence of solutions to equality constrained least-squares problems in infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces

We study the problem of existence of solutions to least-squares problems with equality constraints (LSE) in infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces, based on the equivalence of this problem to a usual least-squares problem (LSP) and Bouldin's result. Several equivalent conditions are presented.
Thermal bending stresses and vertical motion on oceanic transform fault

The conductive cooling of new oceanic lithosphere causes both horizontal and vertical contraction. Along transform faults and fracture zones, the contraction of material on each side of the fault leads to differential subsidence since juxtaposed seafloor of different ages subside at different rates. Horizontal contraction causes accumulation of thermal bending stresses, which are partly relieved by flexural bending along the transform. The relative vertical motion implied by plate flexure at the transform is more important than that predicted by differential subsidence; when combined this net vertical slip rate may exceed 5 % of the full spreading rate for slow spreading ridges. The high vertical to horizontal slip ratios implied may explain anomalously high subsidence rates for seafloor in the proximity of ridge-transform intersections. Departure from horizontal strike-slip inferred from transform fault focal mechanisms may possibly be used to put additional constraints on the isotherm controlling the transition from brittle to ductile failure in the oceanic lithosphere.
Evaluation of Residential Energy Conservation Programs in Minnesota

This evaluation focuses on the energy-saving effects of the Minnesota Northern States Power (NSP) Utility Residential Energy Conservation Programs, one and two years after participation. The study ...
Deoxygenation of oxovanadium(IV) complexes under mild conditions: conversion of vanadyl species to the corresponding dihalides with carboxylic acid halides

Abstract A new procedure for the deoxygenation of VO2+ complexes utilizing carboxylic acid halides in toluene or methylene chloride has been successfully applied to several vanadyl complexes with different ligand types. Facile conversion of vanadyl β-diketonates, dialkyldithiocarbamates, β-ketiiminates, 8-quinolinolate and porphyrin complexes to the corresponding dihalide complexes has been achieved, demonstrating the general application of the synthetic method. The β-diketonate complexes were studied in the greatest detail. VX2(Y)2 (X = Cl, Br; Y = CH3COCHCOCH3, CH3COCHCOC6H5) were synthesized in high yield, and the single-crystal X-ray structure of VCl2(CH3COCHCOCH3)2 was obtained. The structure contains a mononuclear unit with trans-chloride ligands and distorted octahedral symmetry. The complexes were examined by IR; the spectra exhibited the characteristic loss of the VO band at approximately 1000 cm−1. For VX2(CH3COCHCOCH3)2 the ligand bands indicate more delocalization of charge onto the ligands compared with the vanadyl starting material, which is consistent with the trans octahedral geometry of VCl2(CH3COCHCOCH3)2 and its co-planar chelate ligands. The UV—vis spectra show a weak maximum around 600–700 nm with em of approximately 2000 dm3 mol cm−1, typical of dihalogenated complexes.
Electrocardiogram of the Normal Mouse, Mus Musculus: General Considerations and Genetic Aspects

A detailed analysis has been made of the electrocardiograms of two highly inbred strains of mice (C57 BL/10 and SEC/1) and their F1 hybrid offspring. Some features of the electrocardiogram (P-R interval, and amplitudes of the P wave and QRS complex) were found to be under partial genetic control.
Aerothermodynamics for Mars Microprobe Capsules Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Calculations of

The hypersonic transitional  ow aerodynamics of the Mars Microprobe capsules are simulated with the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. Calculations of axial, normal, and static pitching coef cients were obtained over an angle-of-attack range comparable to actual  ight requirements. Comparisons are made with modi ed Newtonian and free-molecular  ow calculations. Aerothermal results were also obtained for zero incidence entry conditions. The current aerodynamic results are shown to be in excellent agreement with Navier–Stokes results for small Knudsen number conditions. Peak heating conditions occur under rare ed conditions where the heating becomes a strong function of assumptions concerning surface catalytic activity.
Constructive existence and uniqueness for some nonlinear two-point boundary value problems

Abstract Constructive existence and uniqueness theorems are presented for the problem y″ = ƒ(x, y), y(0) = y 0 , y(1) = y 1 . Applications to several problems are also given including one in which the boundary values are y′(0) = y′0, y(1) = y1.
Pathogenicity of Serpulina hyodysenteriae: in vivo induction of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 by a serpulinal butanol/water extract (endotoxin).

Abstract Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria is a classic inducer of inflammatory cytokines. In the present experiments, LPS-like (phenol/water extract) or endotoxin-like (butanol/water extract) preparations fromSerpulina hyodysenteriaewere examined for their ability to induce serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or interleukin (IL)-6 bioactivity in mice and swine.Serpulina hyodysenteriaeendotoxin (butanol/water extract) elicited increased serum TNF activity in mice, although serpulinal endotoxin was at least 10 times less potent than the LPS preparations ofE. coliorS. typhimuriumon a weight basis for induction of TNF bioactivity.S. hyodysenteriaeLPS induced lower levels of serum TNF in mice thanS. hyodysenteriaeendotoxin. In contrast, pigs injected withS. hyodysenteriaeendotoxin demonstrated no increase in serum TNF activity. However, an induction of IL-6 bioactivity was observed in serum samples from pigs injected with serpulinal endotoxin. In pigs, the serpulinal preparations were five times less potent (on a weight basis) thanE. coliorS. typhimuriumLPS for induction of IL-6 bioactivity. These data indicate that serpulinal endotoxin, although less bioactive thanE. coliorS. typhimuriumLPS, is nonetheless capable of inducing thein vivoproduction of specific pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Functional outcomes assessment in shoulder surgery

The effective evaluation and management of orthopaedic conditions including shoulder disorders relies upon understanding the level of disability created by the disease process. Validated outcome measures are critical to the evaluation process. Traditionally, outcome measures have been physician derived objective evaluations including range of motion and radiologic evaluations. However, these measures can marginalize a patient’s perception of their disability or outcome. As a result of these limitations, patient self-reported outcomes measures have become popular over the last quarter century and are currently primary tools to evaluate outcomes of treatment. Patient reported outcomes measures can be general health related quality of life measures, health utility measures, region specific health related quality of life measures or condition specific measures. Several patients self-reported outcomes measures have been developed and validated for evaluating patients with shoulder disorders. Computer adaptive testing will likely play an important role in the arsenal of measures used to evaluate shoulder patients in the future. The purpose of this article is to review the general health related quality-of-life measures as well as the joint-specific and condition specific measures utilized in evaluating patients with shoulder conditions. Advances in computer adaptive testing as it relates to assessing dysfunction in shoulder conditions will also be reviewed.
Comprehensive analysis of cardiac arrhythmias in telemetered cynomolgus monkeys over a 6 month period

Abstract Introduction Cardiac arrhythmia findings can be a challenge to interpret and difficult to attribute to background incidence or test article treatment. Thus, there is a growing need to better understand arrhythmia incidence in the experimental animal models used to assess the cardiovascular safety of new drugs. Currently, there is little information on the frequency of spontaneous cardiac arrhythmias in the cynomolgus monkey. Methods This study evaluated the baseline arrhythmia rate in a group (n = 19) of non-naive (drug-free) male telemetered cynomolgus monkeys at various timepoints over a 6 month period. When sampled, data were collected continuously (24 hour bins over a 6 month period) and the ECG waveforms analyzed for arrhythmia using a semi-automated approach with pattern recognition software. The arrhythmia data were evaluated to detect atrial and ventricular patterns, as well as changes associated with circadian rhythm. Results Evaluation of this data showed that cynomolgus monkeys can exhibit spontaneous arrhythmias (day cycle; means) of the following types: supraventricular premature contraction (SPC, 10.7%); escape beats (EB, 3.8%); and sinus node pause (SNP, 2.8%), with others below 2%. From the ventricular perspective, ventricular premature beats (VPB, 25.4% (day cycle mean)) were the most prevalent. Circadian analysis indicated that some arrhythmias had higher incidence during the night cycle: SNP (32.6%); EB (18.5%); atrioventricular block (AVB, 2.7%), an indication that the arrhythmia pattern is influenced by the diurnal cycle. Discussion Overall, the data demonstrated that a variety of spontaneous arrhythmias occur at low frequency in non-treated animals, and the incidence varies between animals, and within the same animal when repeatedly sampled. Given the low incidence in normal animals, continuous ECG sampling over multiple days is needed to establish an accurate arrhythmia “fingerprint” for each animal in dedicated telemetry colonies, which could assist the interpretation of arrhythmia findings that may occur in cardiovascular safety studies.
Experiments on turbulent non-Newtonian mass transfer in a circular tube

Utilisation de solutions du polymere Carbopol-934, non elastique, a loi de puissance. Mesure des coefficients de transfert de matiere de CO 2 provenant de la solution de polymere saturee en CO 2 circulant dans l'anneau, a travers un tube de dialyse concentrique, vers une solution de polymere circulant dans le tube de dialyse
Blood Pressure Level Attainment Among Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Uncontrolled Blood Pressure

Study Objectives. To determine the proportion of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and uncontrolled blood pressure who attained a blood pressure of less than 130/80 mm Hg, and to compare patient- and health system—specific characteristics and identify factors independently associated with attaining this blood pressure level. Design. Retrospective, longitudinal, cohort study. Setting. Health maintenance organization. Patients. A cohort of 1380 patients (14%) who had uncontrolled blood pressure out of 9785 adults with established CAD enrolled in the Clinical Pharmacy Cardiac Risk Service. Measurements and Main Results. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined as a mean of two consecutive blood pressure readings of 140/90 mm Hg or higher in 2006 or 2007, most proximal to December 31, 2007 (baseline). The cohort was followed from January 1, 2008–June 30, 2009 (follow-up). The follow-up blood pressure level was the mean of the last two consecutive blood pressure readings most proximal to June 30, 2009. Of the 1380 patients, 34.9% (482 patients), 34.0% (469), and 31.1% (429) attained a blood pressure below 130/80, 130/80–139/89, and 140/90 mm Hg or higher, respectively, at follow-up. Significantly more patients in the less than 130/80 mm Hg group were male, had Medicare insurance, had lower baseline systolic and/or diastolic blood pressures, and had a higher Chronic Disease Score compared with the other groups. For every additional clinic visit, there was a 3% increased likelihood of attaining a blood pressure below 130/80 mm Hg (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.04). Patients experiencing a cardiac event during the follow-up period were approximately twice as likely to attain a blood pressure below 130/80mm Hg (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.04-3.77) compared with those who did not have a subsequent event. Conclusion. Despite systematic and aggressive treatment of blood pressure in patients with CAD and uncontrolled blood pressure, a minority of patients attained a blood pressure of less than 130/80 mm Hg. Considering that higher utilization of the health care system was associated with reaching this blood pressure level and that a similar number of therapeutic interventions in the groups resulted in variable success for blood pressure lowering, attaining a blood pressure level of less than 130/80 mm Hg may be difficult for some patients with CAD.
Height of the Tarsus of the Lower Eyelid

The vertical height of the lower eyelid tarsus of 20 patients submitting to lower eyelid resections and the lower tarsus of 17 cadavers was 3.7 mm (+/- 0.3) and 3.9 mm (+/- 0.5), respectively. The average value found in our patients was statistically different (P less than .05) than the values of 5 to 7 mm reported previously. The lower tarsus should be clearly identified in procedures involving eyelid repair or eyelid reconstruction so that tension-bearing sutures can be placed through the tarsus.
Aluminum negatively impacts calcium utilization and bone in calcium-deficient rats

Abstract Three studies were designed to investigate the mechanism of aluminum on calcium metabolism. An acute dose of dietary aluminum did not affect calcium absorption in rats. In the second study, rats were fed a calcium-adequate or calcium-deficient diet with 0%, 0.05%, or 0.1% aluminum. Half of the rats were sacrificed after 3 weeks and the remainder fed calcium-adequate diets with the previous aluminum concentration for another 3 weeks. Total bone calcium and breaking-strength decreased with calcium deficiency and aluminum supplementation. Femur 45 Ca and PTH increased in calcium deficiency but were unaffected by aluminum. Aluminum at both levels decreased intestinal CaBP-D9K in the nonfasted rats with no effect on intestinal CaBP-D9KmRNA or kidney CaBP-D28. Aluminum did not decrease brain CaBP-D28K. In a third study of pair feeding, aluminum (0.20%) in severe calcium deficiency (0.02%) had an adverse effect on bone calcium. In summary, adverse effects of aluminum on bone health were minor unless rats were calcium deficient.