cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
( t , p ) reactions on He 4 , Li 6 , Li 7 , Be 9 , B 10 , B 11 , and C 12

A study of the (t,p) reactions on /sup 4/He, /sup 6/Li, /sup 7/Li, /sup 9/Be, /sup 1/0B, /sup 1/1B, and /sup 1/2C has been carried out using 23 MeV tritons and an Elbek-type spectrograph using photographic emulsions as detectors. A total of 71 states of /sup 6/He, /sup 8/Li, /sup 9/Li, /sup 1/1Be, /sup 1/2B, /sup 1/3B, and /sup 1/4C have been studied. Some of the states had not been previously reported. In other cases new values of excitation energies and widths are proposed. Attempts have been made to fit the 62 angular distributions we obtained with the distorted-wave Born approximation: no systematic analysis was possible except in the case of L = 0 distributions.
The Development of a Collegiate Recovery Program: Applying Social Cognitive Theory within a Social Ecological Framework

ABSTRACTBackground: Collegiate recovery programs (CRPs) are emerging as a strategy to provide after-care support to students in recovery from substance use disorders (SUDs) at institutions of higher education. CRPs are an innovative strategy for Health Educators to support the personal, academic, and professional goals of students in recovery. Purpose: This article reviews the history and current standards of CRPs as well as provides a case study on the development of a CRP at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG). Translation to Health Education Practice: The early outcomes of CRPs are promising, and the case study presented in this article provides Certified Health Education Specialists with a model to guide the creation of additional CRPs.
Remote Collection of Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Outpatient Hand Surgery: A Randomized Trial of Telephone, Mail, and E-Mail

Purpose Obtaining remote patient-reported outcomes (PRO) is limited by low patient response rates and resource-intensive collection methods. We hypothesized that an e-mail–delivered Web-based data collection tool would outperform the traditional methods of telephone and standard mail for collecting long-term Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) scores at a minimum of 1 year following carpal tunnel release (CTR). Methods We conducted a randomized trial of 969 patients who underwent CTR at a tertiary medical center within the past 5 years. Participants were randomized to the PRO collection methods of mail, telephone, and e-mail. The primary outcome was survey response rate at 1 year after surgery. Secondary analyses included data completeness and the effect of time from surgery, mode effects, and patient modality preference. Results At 1 year from surgery, the response rates were 64% for telephone and 42% for both mail and e-mail. Ninety-nine percent of telephone surveys were complete compared with 88% and 83% for mail and e-mail, respectively. There was no significant difference in the overall response rate at 1 or 5 years after surgery, nor in the BCTQ score between the modalities. Conclusions A higher response rate and increased survey completeness was achieved by telephone contact methods compared with standard mailings or Web-based methods for PRO collection after CTR 1 to 5 years after surgery. A Web-based method demonstrated response rates equivalent to those of standard mail, was the most preferred modality, and offered logistical advantages such as automation and immediate integration with outcome databases. Clinical relevance Obtaining PRO routinely after treatment may increase in importance. A Web-based interface may assist clinicians in decreasing the resource utilization typically associated with more traditional methods used to obtain outcome data.
Marine life in a greenhouse world: cephalopod biodiversity and biogeography during the early Late Cretaceous

Two end-member models are proposed to explain marine biotic responses to greenhouse conditions. Global warming and increasing sea level may: (1) promote dispersal of marine species, leading to larger geographic ranges and decreased speciation and biodiversity; or (2) result in formation of isolated epicontinental basins that host endemic radiations, leading to smaller geographic ranges and increased speciation and biodiversity. The Cenomanian—Turonian (C-T) interval, marked by greenhouse warming, sea-level rise, ocean anoxia, and biotic turnover, presents an opportunity to test these two end-member models. In particular, how cephalopods responded to these global changes has not been clear. A global database of 7262 cephalopod occurrences was used to evaluate biodiversity changes through the C-T interval. Both species- and genus-level diversity peaked in the late Cenomanian. The global diversity drop across the C/T boundary was modest; rather, diversity was low during the middle Cenomanian and middle Turonian, times of brief cooling. Regional variations in diversity responses may reflect the degree and timing of environmental perturbations within different oceanographic settings. Surprisingly, cephalopod faunas in the European Platform, Western Interior, and South Atlantic all shifted equatorward across the C/T boundary, whereas other regions saw no change in latitudinal distributions. Global generic geographic ranges did not change through the C-T interval, but the percentage of cosmopolitan genera did increase significantly across the C/T, both globally and within the Western Interior and Europe, whereas cosmopolitans dropped in the Pacific and South Atlantic. Neither end-member model for biodiversity change in a greenhouse world is supported for C-T cephalopods, as diversity increased without an associated increase in geographic range. It may be that sea-level rise and global warming led to both endemic radiations in epicontinental basins and an increase in cosmopolitan taxa in some regions, demonstrating the importance of combining global and regional-scale analyses.
What do health coaches do? Direct observation of health coach activities during medical and patient-health coach visits at 3 federally qualified health centers

Abstract Objective To examine activities of health coaches during patient medical visits and when meeting one-on-one with patients at 3 urban federally qualified health centers. Methods Encounters were videotaped and transcribed. Data was analyzed using a matrix analysis approach that allowed a priori identification of expected categories of activity, based on the health coach training model and previously developed conceptual framework, which were modified based on activities observed. Results A total of 10 medical visits (patient, clinician and health coach), and 8 patient-coach visits were recorded. We identified 9 categories common to both medical and patient-coach visits and 2 categories unique to the medical visit. While observed activities were generally consistent with expected categories, some activities were observed infrequently or not at all. We also observed additional activity categories, including information gathering and personal conversation. The average amount of time spent on some categories of coaching activities differed substantially between medical visits and patient-coach visits. Conclusions Health coaching activities observed differed in several respects to those expected, and differed between medical visits and coaching only visits. Practice implications These results provide insights into health coaching behaviors that can be used to inform training and improve utilization of health coaches in practice.
Collagen type I and III synthesis by Tenon's capsule fibroblasts in culture: individual patient characteristics and response to mitomycin C, 5-fluorouracil, and ascorbic acid.

Abstract PURPOSE: This study was performed to better understand the differences between patients in specific components of wound healing as it may pertain to glaucoma filtration surgery, including the use of antimetabolites. METHODS: Human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts were obtained at the time of glaucoma filtering surgery and established in individual cell cultures from 35 glaucoma patients. The dose-response to 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and mitomycin C (MMC) was determined. The individual cell lines were exposed to the antimetabolites and ascorbic acid with measurement of collagen type I and III production by an ELISA-type dot blot assay. These results were then statistically compared to the individual patient characteristics including age, race, previous surgery and medications, and type of glaucoma. RESULTS: 5-FU had little effect on collagen type I and III production or protein synthesis. MMC had an inhibitory effect on collagen secretion and total protein synthesis with increasing concentration. Photomicrographs of the cells after each treatment condition revealed characteristic morphologic changes when compared to controls. There was a large range of collagen type I and III production with correlation between the amounts of each collagen type secreted in response to the antimetabolites. However, there was no correlation with accepted risk factors for filtration failure. CONCLUSION: These antimetabolites act similarly on different cell lines in a nonspecific manner. The results suggest that the increased risk of filtration failure due to age, race, diagnosis, and previous conjunctival surgery is not due to differences in secretion of collagen types I and III by Tenon's capsule fibroblasts.
A Moderated Mediation Model of Parent–Child Communication, Risk Taking, Alcohol Consumption, and Sexual Experience in Early Adulthood

The relationship between risk-taking personality and health-risk behaviors has been widely established, where people who like to take risks are more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors such as having multiple casual partners and having unprotected sex. Drawing on a national U.S. sample from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, the present study examined the relationship between risk-taking personality and sexual experience among adults in early adulthood, and the role of family (parent-child) communication in moderating this relationship. Findings indicated that, for both males and females, the effect of risk taking on sexual experience through alcohol use dissipated at high levels of father-child communication. However, mother-child communication did not have such moderating effects. Implications for the way in which we study parent-child communication are discussed.
Drug-Induced Liver Injury—Perspectives from Pathology

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) may be caused by prescription or over-the-counter medications, herbals and nutritional supplements, or environmental agents. This review provides an overview of (1) pathogenetic mechanisms and risk factors, (2) biochemical classification, (3) diagnostic approach, (4) role of liver biopsy, and (5) narratives on commoner agents that cause DILI. DILI is increasingly seen in contemporary practice due to increased usage of medications in general, introduction of newer agents for treatment of cancers and autoimmune diseases, and increasing consumption of herbals and nutritional supplements. Drug-induced liver injury is a significant cause of liver disease worldwide. No clinical, biochemical, or histological feature is specific for the diagnosis of DILI, which can mimic every pattern of liver injury and is in the differential diagnosis of every patient with liver disease. The diagnosis of DILI relies on (1) establishing a temporal association between clinical disease and initiation of the suspected drug, followed in the majority of cases by clinical improvement and disease resolution on its withdrawal and (2) exclusion of competing causes of liver injury. Herbals and nutritional supplements are particularly interesting as these are generally regarded as “safe, natural” compounds by an increasingly health-conscious population. Establishing a temporal relationship is often challenging as the patient may be taking multiple supplements simultaneously and is usually unclear about timing of initiation and withdrawal of the agents. Additionally, these agents change in potency and composition depending on the harvest conditions of the constituent botanicals.
Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers for Cryogenic Applications with Special Emphasis on Two-Phase Flow

Brazed aluminium plate-fin heat exchangers are commonly used in cryogenic and low temperature industrial applications [1–3]. These applications include air separation, processing of liquefied petroleum and liquefied natural gas, manufacture of hydrogen and helium. etc. Some of the unique features of plate-fin heat exchangers, which make them suitable for these applications, include - Ability to work effectively at very low temperatures because of their aluminium based construction Multistream ability which means that the concept of process integration can be used to the fullest extent to save energy, capital and operating costs High thermal effectiveness arising from high heat transfer coefficients and ability to incorporate large heat transfer area, both primary as well as secondary. High thermal effectiveness means that the exchangers can be operated for duties involving very close temperature approaches In this paper these unique features of plate-fin heat exchangers are discussed in detail. Furthermore the paper also focuses on the two-phase flow heat transfer characteristics of the plate-fin passages . Also, studies related to two-phase flow heat transfer in small diameter channels, including tubes, are discussed because of their relevance to plate-fin passages, with their inherently small hydraulic diameters.
Lose the Whoosh: An Evidence-Based Project to Improve NG Tube Placement Verification in Infants and Children in the Hospital Setting.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this EBP project was to align NG and OG tube placement and verification practices with evidence-based recommendations for children. Practice change An evidence-based NG/OG Tube Placement Algorithm was developed. The algorithm provided an individualized approach based on patient condition as well as a tiered approach that incorporated radiographs, tube measurement and marking, and pH testing. Methods A systematic appraisal of literature identified 40 studies supporting the development of the practice change. A 9-item questionnaire was administered to nurses across five pediatric units to assess current tube verification practices. Education was provided in participating units through a Competency Fair. Post-implementation evaluation included re-administering the practice survey and conducting a chart audit of NG/OG events occurring in the year following the practice change. Results Seventy-one nurses completed the pre-implementation survey; 64 nurses completed the post-implementation survey. Strategies for checking NG/OG placement varied across units prior to implementation; however, auscultation was the most likely to be used strategy and assessing pH was the least likely to be used strategy across units. Post-implementation, aspiration and checking pH were the most frequently endorsed assessment strategy, and auscultation was the least endorsed strategy. The post-implementation chart audit revealed that 73% of NG/OG tubes were checked for placement on insertion with radiograph or aspirate pH. Conclusions Implementation of an NG/OG Tube Placement Algorithm standardized NG/OG care across five pediatric units. Additional efforts are underway to further improve adherence to protocol in order to ensure safe, evidence-based practice for children with NG/OG tubes.
The Durability of Active Surveillance in Patients with Asymptomatic Kidney Stones: A Systematic Review.

Abstract Introduction: The natural progression of asymptomatic kidney stones remains unclear. Such knowledge may promote value-aligned care for patients and reduce potentially unnecessary procedure...
IMPROVING INFORMATION LITERACY THROUGH GAMIFICATION: FANTASY BRAND LEAGUES

Undergraduate marketing majors who were enrolled in the senior-level marketing capstone course engaged with current marketing news from credible sources and practiced data visualization as part of ...
Acute inflammatory edema: A mimicker of cellulitis in critically ill patients.

Background Inpatient dermatology consultations for treatment-refractory or atypical cellulitis are common. In critically ill patients, differentiating cellulitis from its mimickers can be challenging. Objective We describe acute inflammatory edema, a likely underrecognized variant of pseudocellulitis. Methods We reviewed the charts of 15 patients with this diagnosis, seen by the inpatient dermatology consultation service at the University of California at San Francisco between 2009 and 2017. Results The cohort consisted of 9 women and 6 men with an age range of 52-73 years. Acute inflammatory edema presents as bilateral, erythematous, and edematous plaques, most commonly involving the thighs and lower abdomen, sparing areas of increased pressure on the skin. There is a predilection for patients with high body mass index and those with clinical or quantitative findings of fluid overload. Conclusion We propose a 3-part pathogenesis of acute inflammatory edema: 1) acute-onset volume overload 2) in patients with impaired lymphatic return 3) leads to dermal edema, microtears in connective tissue, and an influx of inflammation.
Image sets with regularity of differences

In the last few decades we’ve seen several results connecting the image sets of some special functions to differences sets and partial difference sets. Examples here include planar functions (skew-Hadamard difference sets), and (more classically) monomials (cyclotomic DS). It can be observed that there is a commonality (in the main) among the behaviour of these functions, in that there tends to be a certain regularity in the number of times each image occurs. In this paper, we instigate a new approach to constructing sets with regularity of differences based on the above observation. Specifically, we show how functions over finite fields exhibiting a regularity of images can yield image sets that exhibit some sort of difference regularity.
Disparities in current cigarette smoking among US adults, 2002-2016.

Background To assess disparities in current (past 30 days) cigarette smoking among US adults aged ≥ 18 years during 2002–2016. Methods Nine indicators associated with social disadvantage were analysed from the 2002 to 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: education, annual family income, sex, race/ethnicity, urbanicity, serious psychological distress, health insurance, public assistance, and employment status. Using descriptive and multivariable analyses, we measured trends in smoking overall and within the assessed variables. We also evaluated effect of interactions on disparities and estimated the excess number of smokers attributable to disparities. Results During 2002–2016, current cigarette smoking prevalence declined overall (27.5%–20.7%; p trend Conclusions Overall smoking inequality increased or remained unchanged because of slower declines in smoking prevalence among disadvantaged groups. Targeted interventions among high-risk groups can narrow disparities.
The Dissociation of Concepts in Context: An Analytic Template for Assessing Its Role in Actual Situations

Dissociation is a key argument technique in Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca's new rhetoric. In this essay, I consider how dissociation work in argumentative contexts. I explore dissociation in two rh...
Improving Siamese Networks for One-Shot Learning Using Kernel-Based Activation Functions

The lack of a large amount of training data has always been the constraining factor in solving many problems in machine learning, making One-Shot Learning one of the most intriguing ideas in machine learning. It aims to learn necessary objective information from one or only a few training examples. This process of learning in neural networks is generally accomplished by using a proper objective function (loss function) and embedding extraction (architecture). In this paper, we discussed metric-based deep learning architectures for one-shot learning such as siamese neural networks [10] and present a method to improve on their accuracy using Kafnets (kernel-based non-parametric activation functions for neural networks) [17] by learning finer embeddings with relatively less number of epochs. Using kernel activation functions, we are able to achieve strong results that exceed ReLU-based deep learning models in terms of embedding structure, loss convergence, and accuracy. The project code with results can be found at https://github.com/shruti-jadon/Siamese-Network-for-One-shot-Learning.
Solanaceae specialized metabolism in a non-model plant: trichome acylinositol biosynthesis

Abstract Plants make hundreds of thousands of biologically active specialized metabolites varying widely in structure, biosynthesis and the processes that they influence. An increasing number of these compounds are documented to protect plants from harmful insects, pathogens, or herbivores, or mediate interactions with beneficial organisms including pollinators and nitrogen fixing microbes. Acylsugars – one class of protective compounds – are made in glandular trichomes of plants across the Solanaceae family. While most described acylsugars are acylsucroses, published examples also include acylsugars with hexose cores. The South American fruit crop Solanum quitoense (Naranjilla) produces acylsugars that contain a myo-inositol core. We identified an enzyme that acetylates triacylinositols, a function homologous to the last step in the Solanum lycopersicum acylsucrose biosynthetic pathway. Our analysis reveals parallels between S. lycopersicum acylsucrose and S. quitoense acylinositol biosynthesis, suggesting a common evolutionary origin. Material availability The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Robert L. Last (lastr@msu.edu). One sentence summary Evidence that the final step in Solanum quitoense acylinositol biosynthesis evolved from an acylsucrose acetyltransferase enzyme.
Change in distant atrial activation patterns during circumferential pacemapping of pulmonic vein ostium: implications for localizing triggers for atrial fibrillation.

Introduction: Unique intracardiac activation patterns recorded from multipolar catheters in the coronary sinus (CS) and posteromedial right atrium (RA) when pacing from ostium (os) of each pulmonic vein (PV) can serve as template for determining PV of origin of atrial premature complexes. Development of an accurate template requires knowledge of variations in activation pattern during pacing from different aspects of same PV. Methods: In 25 patients undergoing catheter ablation for AF, a decapolar Lasso mapping catheter was placed at PV os of interest and multipolar catheters were placed in CS and RA—medial to crista terminalis (CT). For each PV, pacing was performed from Lasso catheter poles 1 through 10. For each bipole paced, activation sequence in CS (proximal to distal & vice-versa) was assessed, activation time (pacing stimulus to earliest electrogram recorded in catheters in CS/along CT) was measured and difference (CS − CT time) was determined. Significant interpolar variation was defined as the difference between the shortest and longest CS − CT activation time of ≥25 msec when pacing from different bipoles of same PV. Results:In 59 PVs [19 right superior (RS), 20 left superior (LS), 8 right inferior (RI) and 12 left inferior (LI)], 259 bipoles were paced (median of 4 bipoles/PV). During circumferential PV pacing activation sequence in CS catheter was distal to proximal in 84.4% left-sided PVs (LSPV and LIPV) and proximal to distal in 92.6% right-sided PVs (RSPV and RIPV) with no change in activation sequence observed during pacing from different bipoles in same PV. Significant interpolar variation was observed with circumferential pacing in 1 of 19 RSPV (5.3%), 2 of 20 LSPV (10%), 1 of 12 LIPV (8.3%) and none of RIPV. Conclusion: Unique intracardiac activation patterns during ostial pacing from individual PV are not influenced by circumferential location of pacing site.
Drug distribution system

Abstract Employer-provided private health insurance is the predominant source of health-care coverage in the United States. As public health insurance programs, Medicare is available for those with age 65 or older and Medicaid is available for those with low household income. As an intermediary between these insurers and pharmacies, pharmacy benefit managers administer prescription drug benefits and affect drug distribution systems. In this chapter, two main categories of drug distribution systems are discussed. First, an open-channel distribution network is the most common form of the drug distribution system in which multiple drug wholesalers are utilized to maximize drug availability in community pharmacies. Second, a limited distribution network is primarily used for specialty drugs. In this system, specialty pharmacies play an important role in increasing patient access to treatment and ensuring the safe use of specialty drugs.
Anesthesia for Intrapartum Fetal Surgery

Intrapartum fetal surgery is a growing field with many new procedures being developed that can improve neonatal outcomes for a variety of pathologies. These are typically only performed at advanced centers due to the complexity of the procedures themselves and the necessary multidisciplinary approach. While some procedures can be performed with local anesthesia and sedation, others require complex management plans involving general anesthesia. There is significant variation in practice between institutions. As some of these procedures may be performed later in gestation, it is important to understand the physiologic changes in pregnancy and the fetus in utero. There are risks to both the mother and fetus, and it is important to appreciate and understand how to optimize both while providing optimal surgical conditions.
The story vs the storyteller: Factors associated with the effectiveness of brief video-recorded patient stories for promoting opioid tapering.

Author(s): Henry, Stephen G; Feng, Bo; Verba, Susan; Kravitz, Richard L; Iosif, Ana-Maria | Abstract: BackgroundNarrative communication is often more persuasive for promoting health behaviour change than communication using facts and figures; the extent to which narrative persuasiveness is due to patients' identification with the storyteller vs engagement with the story is unclear.ObjectiveTo examine the relative impacts of patient engagement, age concordance and gender concordance on perceived persuasiveness of video-recorded narrative clips about opioid tapering.MethodsPatient raters watched and rated 48 brief video-recorded clips featuring 1 of 7 different storytellers describing their experiences with opioid tapering. The dependent variable was clips' perceived persuasiveness for encouraging patients to consider opioid tapering. Independent variables were rater engagement with the clip, rater-storyteller gender concordance and rater-storyteller age concordance (l60 vs ≥60). Covariates were rater beliefs about opioids and opioid tapering, clip duration and clip theme. Mixed-effects models accounted for raters viewing multiple clips and clips nested within storytellers.ResultsIn multivariable models, higher rater engagement with the clip was associated with higher perceived persuasiveness (coefficientn=n0.46, 95% CI 0.39-0.53, Pnln.001). Neither age concordance nor gender concordance significantly predicted perceived persuasiveness. The theme Problems with opioids also predicted perceived persuasiveness.ConclusionHighly engaging, clinically relevant stories are likely persuasive to patients regardless of the match between patient and storyteller age and gender. When using patient stories in tools to promote health behaviour change, stories that are clinically relevant and engaging are likely to be persuasive regardless of storytellers' demographics.Patient or public contributionPatients were involved as storytellers (in each clip) and assessed the key study variables.
The discourses surrounding long-distance romantic relationships and perceived network support: A mixed methods investigation:

This multi-method investigation focuses on perceived network support and its association with well-being for people in long-distance romantic relationships (LDRRs). In Study 1, interviews with 35 i...
Hybrid radial basis function DEA and its applications to regression, segmentation and cluster analysis problems

Abstract This paper uses a radial basis function (RBF) transformation of data envelopment analysis (DEA) data to perform RBF-DEA. It is shown that the RBF-DEA frontier identifies cases that have average efficiency scores in traditional DEA. The formal identification of average efficiency cases allows decision-makers to use these cases and related information for regression, segmentation and cluster analysis. Additionally, negative inputs and outputs can be used in RBF-DEA and unique ranking of fully efficient cases in traditional DEA can be achieved by further evaluating these fully efficient cases against the average RBF-DEA regression frontier. When compared to traditional cluster analysis, RBF-DEA cluster analysis offers unique advantages in that number of clusters do not need to be mentioned and cluster labels are identified by the RBF-DEA technique. Furthermore, unlike the traditional techniques, RBF-DEA cluster memberships are not sensitive to any initial random starting points.
Application of high-speed, species-specific chemiluminescence imaging for laminar flame speed and Markstein length measurements in spherically expanding flames

Abstract A high-speed chemiluminescence imaging diagnostic system has been developed and characterized for measuring species-specific properties of spherically expanding flames, with the objective of obtaining synchronized measurements of multiple flame properties from a single flame experiment. The imaging system comprises a high-speed camera coupled to a high-speed image intensifier and optical filters to isolate emission from desired excited species. This study validates the diagnostic scheme specifically for measuring laminar flame speed and Markstein length from chemiluminescence at three wavelength bands corresponding to OH*, CH*, and total chemiluminescence, respectively. Mixtures of methane-air and methane/ethane-air were tested at initial conditions of atmospheric pressure and room temperature. An under-utilized methodology for computing unburned Markstein length from burned Markstein length was implemented. Flame speed modeling of each mixture was conducted in Chemkin using AramcoMech 2.0. No significant differences were observed between the results derived from the three emission wavelength bands for the flame speeds nor the Markstein lengths. For both of these properties, excellent agreement was observed between the experimental results and the values reported in the literature. Because laminar flame speed and Markstein length show no dependency on the imaging wavelength, the present results imply that multiple flame properties, such as laminar flame speed, Markstein length, flame thickness, and excited-species intensity profiles, can all be acquired simultaneously for the same flame using this method.
Implementation and Critical Assessment of the Flipped Classroom Experience

In the past decade, traditional classroom teaching models have been transformed in order to better promote active learning and learner engagement. Implementation and Critical Assessment of the Flipped Classroom Experience seeks to capture the momentum of non-traditional teaching methods and provide a necessary resource for individuals who are interested in taking advantage of this pedagogical endeavor. Using narrative explanations and foundation materials provided by experienced instructors, this premier reference work presents the benefits and challenges of flipped methodology implementation in todayAEs classroom to educators and educational administrators across all disciplines and levels.
A Cell-Free Product Secreted by Ly−2+ Cells can Induce a Molecule Required for Ly2 Suppressor Cell Activity

The generation of suppression to SRBC in vitro involves the interaction of different T cell subsets in a well defined regulatory “feedback” circuit. The cells of this circuit have been identified by the correlation of function with a unique profile of cell surface glycoproteins (differentiation antigens). The induction signal is delivered by an I-J+ Ly1+2− cell to an Ly1+2+ I-J+ acceptor cell (1,2). The interaction between the Ly1 inducer cell and the Ly1,2 transducer cell is antigen-specific and restricted by genes linked to the V-region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. The transducer cell then activates the effector cell of the suppressor circuit. One mechanism by which this takes place is the differentiation of transducer cells into effector cells (3). Other mechanisms may exist. The effector cell is so called because of its ability to suppress Ly1 cells directly, without the need for an Ly1,2 transducer cell (4). These effector cells are capable of suppressing not only helper cells, but also the feedback inducer cells. This results not only in a shutdown of antibody synthesis but abrogates additional T suppressor induction and thereby completing the feedback circuit. The phenotype of the effector cell is an Ly1−2+ and, unlike the other cells of the feedback circuit, it does not bear the I-J subregion gene products (4). This is especially important in light of the fact that the interaction between the suppressor effector cell and its target is partially restricted by genes mapping into this same I-J subregion of the MHC.
Estimation of Testosterone in Blood by Gas-Liquid Chromatography

Following the suggestion of Dorfman (1) that idiopathic hirsutism in the female may be due to excessive testosterone secretion, several methods have been developed over the past few years for the assay of testosterone in human plasma. Finkelstein et al. (2) converted testosterone to estradiol, which was then measured fluorometrically. Several laboratories (3, 4) have used this method for testosterone assays in normal males and females and in disease states. More recently the double isotope derivative procedure has been used by Riondel et al. (5), Hudson et al. (6), and Burger et al. (7) and these methods allow testosterone determinations to be carried out on 10 ml samples of normal female plasma. Plasma testosterone levels in normal women, determined by these methods, are shown in Table 1.
Availability analysis and simulation of mesh restoration networks

Analytical and simulation techniques are presented to investigate the impact of multiple link failures on the availability performance of class sharing, pool sharing, and dedicated mesh restoration schemes. Formulations are given to synthesize distributed point-to-point traffic that is used in the analysis and simulation studies. It is shown that the availability of backup resources is a function of the number of "troublesome" links along the working paths of demands that share these resources. It is also shown that demands can receive a carrier grade service only when they are routed over very short distances with working paths not exceeding 2 hops.
Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells in the Embryonic Mouse Submandibular Gland

Salivary gland organogenesis involves the specification, maintenance, lineage commitment, and differentiation of epithelial stem/progenitor cells. Identifying how stem/progenitor cells are directed along a series of cell fate decisions to form a functional salivary gland will be necessary for future stem cell regenerative therapy. The identification of stem/progenitor cells within the salivary gland has focused on their role in postnatal glands and little is known about them in embryonic glands. Here, we have reviewed the information available for other developing organ systems and used it to determine whether similar cell populations exist in the mouse submandibular gland. Additionally, using growth factors that influence salivary gland epithelial morphogenesis during development, we have taken a simple experimental approach asking whether any of these growth factors influence early developmental lineages within the salivary epithelium on a transcriptional level. These preliminary findings show that salivary epithelial stem/progenitor populations exist within the gland, and that growth factors that are reported to control epithelial morphogenesis may also impact cell fate decisions. Further investigation of the signaling networks that influence stem/progenitor cell behavior will allow us to hypothesize how we might induce autologous stem cells to regenerate damaged salivary tissue in a therapeutic context.
A family history study of male sexual orientation using three independent samples.

Available evidence suggests that male homosexuality is both familial and somewhat heritable and that some cases may be caused by an X-linked gene. However, most studies have recruited subjects in a relatively unsystematic manner, typically via advertisements, and hence suffer from the potential methodological flaw of ascertainment bias due to volunteer self-selection. In the present study we assessed the familiality of male homosexuality using two carefully ascertained samples and attempted to replicate findings consistent with X-linkage in three samples. The percentage of siblings of the probands rated as either homosexual or bisexual, with a high degree of certainty, ranged from 7 to 10% for brothers and 3 to 4% for sisters. These estimates are higher than recent comparable population-based estimates of homosexuality, supporting the importance of familial factors for male homosexuality. Estimates of λs for male homosexuality ranged from 3.0 to 4.0. None of the samples showed a significantly greater proportion of maternal than paternal homosexual uncles or homosexual male maternal first cousins. Although our results differed significantly with those of some prior studies, they do not exclude the possibility of moderate X-linkage for male sexual orientation.
Improving the Decoupling Response Bound in Multivariable Time Delay Systems

Time delays are an inherent characteristic of many multivariable processes. Their presence imposes limitations in the closed loop response. Their effects have been quantified by dynamic operability measures known as upper bounds (unachievable) and lower bounds (achievable). It is demonstrated that the detrimental effects of time delays can be minimized if the process is modified so that certain delays are increased. The approach is formulated as an optimization problem. It is demonstrated with example proplems that the modified process features improved dynamic operability.
SU-E-T-448: A Dual-Plan Superposition and Adaptive Setup Strategy for the Reduction of Planning Margins in Whole-Pelvis and Prostate IMRT

Purpose: Increased global setup margins are needed to account for prostate motion within the pelvis, for alignment of the prostate and associated pelvic lymph node (PLN) volumes. This leads to increased rectum and bladder doses. We present a combined treatment planning and image guidance strategy wherein both the prostate and PLNs can be independently targeted, using a dual treatment plan (DP) that superimposes prostate and PLN dose prescriptions. Methods: Two IMRT plans of prescription dose 45 Gy, a conventional whole‐pelvis and prostate plan (WP) and a DP are developed. The WP possesses a 1‐cm setup margin for the prostate and PLN. It is assumed that pelvic bony anatomy will be used for image guidance during treatment. In the DP, a first prescription assigns 100% of prescription dose to the PLN volume and 80% to the prostate. Setup margins remain same as that of WP. In a second prescription, the additional 20% is assigned to the prostate volume only. Setup margin for the prostate is 3 mm. Here it assumed that bony‐anatomy image guidance is used for prescription 1 and that soft‐tissue (prostate) image guidance is used for prescription 2. Isocenter‐shift plans (Iso_shift DP) are developed in which the prostate‐only isocenters are moved 5mm in all directions: the Anterior, Posterior, Superior, Inferior and Lateral. Results: Rectum and bladder doses are significantly reduced in the DP relative to the WP. The rectum V35 is reduced to 21% from 72%; the bladder V35 is reduced to 15% from 26%. PTV coverage is essentially unchanged. The Iso_shift DP shows only very small differences from the DP. Conclusions: Significant reductions in rectum and bladder doses are achievable when this dual‐plan (DP) and dual image‐guidance strategy is employed. Even under significant prostate‐ motion conditions, PTV coverage is maintained with better critical structure sparing.
Raman Difference Studies of GDP and GTP Binding to c-Harvey ras†

The vibrational spectra of phosphate modes for GDP and GTP bound to the c-Harvey p21ras protein have been determined using 18O isotope edited Raman difference spectroscopy. A number of the phosphate stretch frequencies are changed upon GDP/GTP binding to ras, and the results are analyzed by ab initio calculations and through the use of empirical relationships that relate bond orders and bond lengths to vibrational frequencies. Bound GDP is found to be strongly stabilized by its interactions, mostly electrostatic, with the active site Mg2+. Bound GTP also interacts with the active site Mg2+ via its β-phosphate group, as expected on the basis of crystallographic studies of bound GppNp. The angle between the nonbridging PO bonds of the γ-phosphate of bound GTP increase by about 1−2° compared to its solution value, thus bringing about a geometry that is closer to planar for these bonds as expected for the putative pentacoordinated transition state geometry of the phosphotransfer reaction. Modeling of the inte...
Expounding scripture and applying it to our use: Calvin's sermons on Ephesians

Recent scholarly attention to Calvin's commentaries on scripture still limits our attention to the works Calvin produced for future pastors, and neglects his efforts to teach and train ordinary Christians. The commentaries have as their audience future pastors, with the goal of revealing the mind of the author with lucid brevity. The sermons have as their audience ordinary Christians, with the goal of expounding the intention of the author, and of applying it to their use, so that they might retain it in their minds and hearts, and put it into practice in their lives. There are three steps Calvin consistently followed in each of his sermons on Ephesians. First, he sought to show the meaning and intention of Paul contained in the words of the epistle. Next, he pointed out that the meaning revealed in his exposition should be kept in mind, retained in memory, and imprinted on the hearts of the congregation. Third, Calvin sought to apply the doctrine of Paul to the use, edification, and instruction of the congregation, so that they might profit from the doctrine by putting it in practice in their lives.
An Egyptian Sufi Interprets His Dreams: ‘Abd al-Wahhâb al-Sha‘rânı̂ 1493–1565

This study presents a sampling of dreams as recounted in ‘Abd al-Wahhâb al-Sha‘rânâ's autobiography, Latâ’if al-minan. Examining the methodology employed by the 16th-century Cairene sheikh in inter...
Temporal and spatial variabilities in the surface moisture content of a fine-grained beach

Abstract This study examined spatial and temporal variations in the surface moisture content of a fine-grained beach at Padre Island, Texas, USA. Surface moisture measurements were collected on a 27 × 24 m grid that extended from the dune toe to the upper foreshore. The grid was surveyed at 2 to 4 h intervals for two tidal cycles, generating 17 maps of the spatial distribution of surface moisture. Simultaneous measurements of air temperature and humidity, wind speed and direction, tidal elevation, and water table elevation were used to interpret observed changes in surface moisture. It was found that the spatial distribution of surface moisture was broadly characterized by a cross-shore gradient of high to low content moving landward from the swash zone. The distribution of surface moisture was conceptualized in terms of three zones: saturated (> 25%), intermediate or transitional (5–25%), and dry (
Artery wall derived proteoglycan-plasma lipoprotein interaction: lipoprotein binding properties of extracted proteoglycans.

Abstract Artery proteoglycan-lipoprotein binding characteristics were determined using intact, high molecular weight chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CS-PG) isolated from grossly appearing normal aortas of atherosclerosis susceptible WC-2 pigeons and plasma lipoproteins from normolipemic, randomly bred White Carneau pigeons. Optimum formation of particulate proteoglycan-lipoprotein complexes occurred in 5 mM Tris, 6 mM KCl, 4 mM CaCl 2 , 1 mM MgSO 4 , pH 7.2. The binding of CS-PG was specific for low density lipoprotein (LDL) and not high density lipoprotein (HDL). The relative importance of the intact monomeric structure of the PG was suggested in studies where glycosaminoglycan chains isolated from the PG monomer possessed less than 1% of the binding reactivity of -the intact PG. The core protein prepared from the CS-PG monomer formed no measurable particulate complex.
High-throughput sequencing of high copy number plasmids from bacterial cultures by heat lysis.

Feeling the Heart Sometimes it's the simple ideas that are the best, and this is undoubtedly the case with a straightforward, yet effective, means to increase the throughput of bacterial colony scr...
The functional role of cysteine residues for c-Abl kinase activity.

S-glutathionylation, the formation of mixed disulfides of glutathione with cysteine residues of proteins, is a broadly observed physiological modification that occurs in response to oxidative stress. Since cysteine residues are particularly susceptible to oxidative modification by reactive oxygen species, S-glutathionylation can protect proteins from irreversible oxidation. In this study, we show that the kinase activity of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl is inhibited by in vitro thiol modification; specifically, the cysteine residues of c-Abl are modified by S-glutathionylation and by thiol alkylating agents such as 4-acetamido-4′-maleimidylstilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid and N-ethylmaleimide. Modification of cysteine residues of c-Abl tyrosine kinase using glutathione disulfide and thiol alkylating agents corresponds to a concomitant loss of kinase activity. We also demonstrate that S-glutathionylation of c-Abl can be reversed using a physiological system involving glutaredoxin and this reversal restores c-Abl kinase activity. To our knowledge, these are the first data to show S-glutathionylation of c-Abl, and this modification may represent a mechanism of regulation of c-Abl kinase activity in cells under oxidative stress.
Environmental Lessons from China: Finding Promising Policies in Unlikely Places

Background: Alongside the major health risks posed by environmental pollution in China are recent achievements on several environmental issues that have affluent Western nations racing to catch up. The country has propelled itself to a position of leadership in clean energy and efficiency, for instance, with important consequences for public health. Objectives: We comment on China’s challenges and recent accomplishments in addressing environmental problems from domestic pollution to global climate change. We compare China’s commitment to clean energy technology with that of other leading nations and discuss key achievements in other areas, including vehicle efficiency standards and transportation policy. Discussion: We discuss policy directions that would secure much-needed improvements to environmental quality and health in China, along with actions that could motivate global action on issues of energy conservation and pollution reduction. Conclusions: A comprehensive regulatory and institutional framework for environmental policy is within reach in China but will require addressing major hurdles such as the lack of an independent monitoring mechanism and the need for greater transparency and enforcement in environmental matters. Meanwhile, China can continue to set important examples by investing in renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, and limiting greenhouse gas emissions.