cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antiradiation Compounds V: α-Amino Acid Esters of 2-Mercaptoethylamine

A series of S - α -amino acid esters of 2-mercaptoethylamine (MEA) has been prepared in an attempt to obtain less toxic and longer-acting derivatives of MEA with radiation-protective properties. The method of preparation consisted of a dry fusion of the amino acid chloride hydrochloride with MEA hydrochloride. It was found that the thioesters liberate MEA on acid hydrolysis; hydrolysis constants have been determined.
Double-row rotator cuff repair yields improved tendon structural integrity, but no difference in clinical outcomes compared with single-row and triple-row repair: a systematic review

Importance Techniques for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair are rapidly evolving. Single-row (SR) and double-row (DR) repair techniques have been well described, but recent studies have suggested the biomechanical superiority of transosseous-equivalent (TOE) DR repairs and triple-row (TR) repairs. However, there is conflicting literature regarding the clinical superiority of one technique over the other. Objective To systematically review the best available evidence for arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tears using SR, DR and TR techniques, and to identify predictors of patient functional outcomes and retear rates in each group. Evidence review PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched to identify all clinical papers describing arthroscopic repair of rotator cuffs using SR, DR or TR techniques. Findings There were 10 papers that met our study criteria; they involved 580 patients. There was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between SR and DR repairs (p=0.57). Studies involving TR repairs were too underpowered to detect any difference in clinical outcomes between SR and DR repairs. The imaging confirmed retear rate of SR repairs was 30.3% (71/234), whereas DR repairs demonstrated a retear rate of 19.3% (41/212). The retear rate of TR repairs was 23.5% (8/34), but the low number of reported TR repairs did not allow us to make any conclusions regarding its superiority or inferiority compared with SR or DR. DR repairs demonstrated a statically significant decrease in retear rates compared with SR repairs (p=0.001). A subgroup analysis of retear rates in SR repairs versus TOE DR repairs demonstrated a trend towards improved structural integrity of the TOE DR repairs, but this was not statistically significant (p=0.07). Conclusions and relevance There is no clear difference in clinical outcomes between SR, DR and TR techniques, but DR techniques demonstrate improved structural integrity at short-term follow-up. Level of evidence IV.
Technique for generating timing skew resistant time-interleaved signals

A technique generating timing skew resistant time-interleaved signals is proposed. With a simple logic function, all the timing alignment critical signals' falling edges or rising edges can be trimmed by the master clock without introducing charge injection. Thus the generated time-interleaved signals are resistant to timing skew. When these time-interleaved signals are applied to a time-interleaved ADC, the extra complex technique for timing skew calibration can be saved.
Could We Invest the Surplus

Responding to recent claims that looming federal surpluses would disrupt U.S. capital markets if partially invested in private financial assets, this short essay argue that projected surpluses are not so substantial when compared with the likely size of U.S. capital markets at the end of the end of the decade when the bulk of the surpluses are projected to arise. The essay also notes several reasons why Congress should retain discretion to invest in private financial assets under certain circumstances.
Place Matters: Filipinos and Asian Indians in Jersey City, New Jersey

ABSTRACTFilipinos and Asian Indians became two of the largest Asian ethnic groups in the United States after the passage of the 1965 Hart-Cellar Act that abolished the 1924 Immigration and Naturalization Act's quota system and eventually encouraged a large influx of Asian migrants to enter the United States. These groups have high socioeconomic status compared to other U.S. immigrant groups. Jersey City, New Jersey, is home to a significant number of both groups, which makes it unique compared to other U.S. cities. Social institutions are utilized by every immigrant group but differently. Year of entry, income, and ethnicity can influence the type and function of social institutions for each group. Therefore, analyzing social institutions helps shed light on each group's experiences, and assists in determining the role that social institutions play in each group's community, which permits individual or collaborative policy recommendations for institutions.
Modeling human reaching phase in human-human object handover with application in robot-human handover

In robot to human object handover, the configuration (position and orientation) in which the object is transferred should be selected so that the handover is safe and comfortable for the human. The trajectory on which the robot moves the object to the point of transfer should be also selected so that the robot intention is clear and the handover feels natural to the human. In this paper, we propose to select the configuration for the transfer and the trajectory to reach this configuration based on what humans do in human-human handovers. We describe a human study designed to investigate the human-human handover and propose an ergonomic model that can predict object transfer position observed in the study. A human-robot experiment is then conducted that shows that the proposed model generates transfer positions that match the preferred height and distance relative to the human.
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROXIES | Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca Paleothermometry from Calcareous Marine Fossils

Due to its large heat storage capacity and importance in equator-to-pole heat transport, the ocean plays a fundamental role in the evolution of Earth's climate. Accordingly, the distribution of sea surface and bottom water temperature (BWT) and salinity is perhaps the best representation of the state of the climate system, both past and present. This article discusses four important paleotemperature proxies, namely Mg/Ca in planktonic foraminifera and Sr/Ca in corals as recorders of sea surface temperatures and Mg/Ca in benthic foraminifera and ostracodes as proxies of BWTs. A clear advantage of these carbonate-based thermometers is that coupling δ18O and Mg/Ca measurements in foraminifera or Sr/Ca in corals provides a novel way to adjust for the temperature dependency of δ18O and isolate the record of δ18Osw. This can then be used to reconstruct local changes in the evaporation–precipitation balance (and by inference salinity) or the advection of water of different δ18Osw and provide valuable information about changes in continental ice volume.
Full-system critical-path analysis and performance prediction

Many important workloads today, such as web-hosted services, are limited not by processor core performance but by interactions among the cores, the memory system, I/O devices, and the complex software layers that tie these components together. Architects who optimize system designs for these workloads are challenged to identify performance bottlenecks before the systems are built. This identification is challenging because, as in any concurrent system, overheads in one component may be hidden due to overlapping with other operations. These overlaps span the user/kernel and software/hardware boundaries, making traditional tools inadequate. Common software profiling techniques cannot account for hardware bottlenecks or situations in which software overheads are hidden due to overlapping with hardware operations. Critical-path analysis is a powerful approach for identifying bottlenecks in highly concurrent systems, but typically requires detailed domain knowledge to construct the required event dependence graphs. As a result, to date it has been applied only to isolated system layers (e.g., processor micro-architectures or message-passing applications). This thesis presents a methodology for identifying true end-to-end critical paths in systems composed of multiple layers of hardware and software, particularly in the domain of high-speed networking. The state machines that implicitly or explicitly govern the behavior of all the layers are modeled and their local interactions captured to build an end-to-end dependence graph that can be used to locate bottlenecks. This is done incrementally, with modest effort and only local understanding. Furthermore, it is shown that queue-based interactions are necessary and sufficient to capture information from complex protocols, multiple connections and multiple processors. The resulting dependence graph is created and analyzed distilling the huge amount of collected data into a set bottleneck locations including where the most un-overlapped time is spent, and locations where the addition of some buffering could improve the systems performance without any other optimizations. Additionally, this technique provides accurate quantitative predictions of the benefit of eliminating bottlenecks. The end result of this analysis, minutes after the data is gathered, is: (1) the identity of the component that causes the bottleneck; (2) the extent to which a component must be improved before it is no longer the bottleneck; (3) the next bottleneck that will be exposed in the system; and (4) the performance improvement that will occur before the next bottleneck is reached The analysis can be repeated for successive bottlenecks and is far faster than the available alternatives which include: studying huge amounts of statistics to attempt to understand the problem, developing and prototyping a solution, and simulating the solution. The traditional approach could take days or weeks of implementation and simulation and does not provide any certainty that the correct bottleneck has been found until all the work to mitigate it is complete.
Signatures: Machine and Acoustic

A number of subareas have emerged from the work being carried out in forensic phonetics. Several undoubtedly are as much the responsibility of engineers as they are phoneticians. On the other hand, and as you probably have deduced, most phoneticians have a rather extensive background in acoustics, electronics (at least with relevant equipment) and computers—just as they do with concepts about human behavior, physiology and speech itself. As has been seen, they are involved in such technical issues as the decoding of tape recordings, electronic surveillance, the authentication of tape recordings, speaker identification by machine, and so on. Careers that routinely encompass work such as this naturally involve related activities.
Capacity Theory and Weak Duality

In [8] Hunt developed his celebrated capacity theory for Markov processes. He assumed the underlying process satisfied his hypotheses (F) and (G). Hypothesis (F) is essentially a duality hypothesis together with a strong Feller condition, and hypothesis (G) is a transience condition. Portions of this theory are presented in section VI-4 of [1]. Since then there have been many variations on this theme. Of particular note are [2], [12], and [13].
Microbiological Assay of Vitamin B-6 in Blood and Urine

Although new, more precise techniques have been developed for the determination of vitamin B-6, the microbiological assay of this vitamin in blood and urine is still an important and valuable method. The assay organism used in our laboratory to measure vitamin B-6 is the yeast, Saccharomyces uvarum (formerly, S. carlsbergensis). Vitamin B-6 determination with this organism is simple, convenient, reproducible, and sensitive. In this paper, we will present the background for our choice of this organism and our procedure for determining plasma and urinary vitamin B-6.
Two-Level Multiplicative Domain Decomposition Algorithm for Recovering the Lamé Coefficient in Biological Tissues

Tissue stiffness is one of the qualitative properties to distinguish abnormal tissues from normal tissues, and the stiffness changes are generally described in terms of the Lame coefficient. In this paper, an all-at-once Lagrange-Newton-Krylov-Schwarz algorithm is developed to solve the inverse problem of recovering the Lame coefficient in biological tissues. Specifically, we propose and study a multiplicative two-level domain decomposition preconditioner in the inexact Newton step. Numerical experiments are presented to show the efficiency and scalability of the algorithm on supercomputers.
Trends in volume and risk profiles of patients undergoing isolated surgical and transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

BACKGROUND Recent reports describe increases in the case volume of surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) after centers establish a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) program. We investigate contemporary temporal trends in SAVR and TAVR case volumes and risk profiles at a high volume academic medical center. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, descriptive evaluation of consecutive patients who underwent TAVR (n = 538) or SAVR (n = 657) in 2011-2016. The STS predicted risk of mortality (PROM) for isolated SAVR was used to calculate PROM for both SAVR and TAVR patients. Patients were stratified based on STS PROM as follows: low risk (<4%), intermediate risk (4-8%), and high risk (≥8%). Temporal changes in patient risk-profile were characterized descriptively. RESULTS Median STS PROM for the study period was 6.3% and 2.0% for TAVR and SAVR cohorts, respectively (P < 0.001). Since 2011, TAVR volume consistently increased, while SAVR volume increased initially, peaking in 2013 and steadily declined. The STS PROM for SAVR remained stable during the entire study period, while that for TAVR showed a steady decline. The proportions of intermediate and low STS PROM patients undergoing TAVR increased. Proportions of each risk category in SAVR cohort remained stable over time. CONCLUSIONS SAVR volume increased initially but declined eventually following the implementation of TAVR program. The distribution of the STS PROM in TAVR cohort changed dramatically with increasing proportion of patients in lower risk categories. These findings suggest the converging patient populations in TAVR and SAVR, which may be associated with the decline in the overall SAVR volume.
A new approach for downstream purification of rhamnolipid biosurfactants

Abstract Downstream purification processes often determine the manufacturing costs of biotechnological products, particularly for those with high yields in the upstream synthesis processes. Rhamnolipids are important biosurfactants with promising industrial applications. Significant research has been focused on optimizing rhamnolipid production in the upstream fermentation but there are very few studies on downstream processing. The objective of this study is to fill this critical technological gap by (1) tracking the recovery and purity of rhamnolipids processed through different unit operations and (2) developing new and more environmentally friendly downstream processing methods. A biopolymer removal step using alcohol precipitation was found effective in improving the recovery, from 66% to 78%, and giving about 87% purity in the product collected by acid precipitation without further solvent extraction. A reverse aqueous extraction method, which was optimized to recover 97% rhamnolipids from the solvent (ethyl acetate) extract, was examined as an alternative to the commonly used but costly, energy-intensive solvent vaporization. As a polishing step, calcium precipitation was optimized to selectively remove residual impurities while keeping all major rhamnolipid congeners in solution. The study also identified the presence of excess oil substrate/derivatives in the fermentation broth as a strongly negative factor to the downstream processing. The feeding strategy of oil substrate in fermentation should be carefully designed.
Less radical surgery for women with early stage cervical cancer: Our experience on radical vaginal trachelectomy and laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy.

Abstract We report the use of radical vaginal trachelectomy (RVT) with pelvic laparoscopic lymphadenectomy (LPL) in patients with early stages cervical cancer (FIGO stage IA2-IB1). This is a case series prospectively collected over a 6-year period (2011–2017) at the Ipswich hospital, UK. Cases were compared to a group of women with a similar stage of cervical cancer, but treated with radical hysterectomy (RH) and pelvic lymphadenectomy (PL). A total of 19 patients (group 1) underwent RVT and LPL, and 51 (group 2) had RH and PL. We included: 5/19 (26%) stage IA2 and 14/19 (74%) stage IB1. Among those, we had: 12/19 (63%) cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 7/19(37%) of adenocarcinoma. Mean hospital stay was 2.7 days (range 2–4) in group 1 versus 4.8 days (range 3–8) group 2 (p-value = 0.173). The complication rate was not statistically different between the two groups 4/19(21%) and 7/51(14%) (p-value 0.169). The mean follow-up period was 47.3 months (range 7–78) in both groups. There were no cases of recurrence in group 1 and 2/51(4%) cases in group 2, but the difference was not significant (p-value = 0.497). In our experience RVT in well-selected patients is a safe treatment option with similar oncological outcomes when compared to patients undergoing more extensive surgery for the same early stage cervical cancer.
Beyond the Archive Gap: The Kiplings and the Famines of British Colonial India

AbstractMembers of Rudyard Kipling's nuclear family lived in India for approximately thirty years (roughly 1870–1900), and all four Kiplings (Rudyard, Lockwood Kipling, Alice MacDonald Kipling, and...
Beta-catenin and p53 expression in ampullary and small intestinal adenocarcinoma.

e14659 Background: Small intestinal adenocarcinomas are rare tumors with a worse prognosis than tumors arising from the large intestine. The majority of small intestinal adenocarcinomas arise in du...
Abstract 284: Combination therapies to prevent resistance to androgen deprivation therapies in prostate cancer

Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a distinctive feature of prostate cancer (PCa) and represents a major therapeutic target for treating metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa). Thus, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a first-line treatment for mPCa. Although initially highly effective as a treatment for mPC, ADT is characterized by the frequent emergence of resistance, a disease state termed castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and is generally incurable after progression to metastatic disease. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying CRPC and subsequent progression to metastatic disease is critical. In our previous study, which was mainly focused on how transcriptional networks change in response to ADT and lead to metastasis, we analyzed matched pre-ADT and post-ADT tissue samples via RNAseq analysis of 40 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) patient-matched pre-ADT biopsy (Bx) and post-ADT radical prostatectomy (RP) prostate cancer samples. We observed strong upregulation of components of the MAPK pathway including FOS, FOSB, and JUN, as well as downstream targets of MAPK signaling. These data suggest that ADT may induce a compensatory increase in MAPK signaling in response to the decrease in androgen signaling. Thus, we hypothesize that combination therapies targeting AR and the MAPK pathway may synergistically kill prostate cancer cells and prevent recurrence and progression to CRPC. In the current study, we have tested the effects of the MEK inhibitors PD0325901 and GSK1120212, ERK1/2 inhibitor GDC-0994, and the JNK inhibitor AS602801 alone and in combination with enzalutamide in androgen-sensitive LNCaP and MDA-PCa-2b cells. Cell viability assays indicated that enzalutamide combined with MEK and JNK inhibitors synergistically killed LNCaP and MDA-PCa-2b cells, and decreased migration and invasion of LNCaP cell more than any of the drugs alone. We therefore propose that combination therapy targeting AR and MEK and/or JNK signal pathways may be an effective treatment for recurrent prostate cancer. We are currently investigating the most promising combinations of enzalutamide with JNK inhibitors for anti-tumorigenic effects in vivo using a mouse xenograft model. Citation Format: Zhenghong Li, Carrie Qi Sun, Rebecca Arnold, John A. Petros, Carlos S. Moreno. Combination therapies to prevent resistance to androgen deprivation therapies in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 284.
Evaluation of an adjuvanted hydrogel-based pDNA nanoparticulate vaccine for rabies prevention and immunocontraception

Abstract Immunocontraceptive vaccination is becoming an acceptable strategy in managing animal populations. Mass vaccination of dogs is the most cost-effective and efficient method to control rabies, and combination of rabies vaccination and animal population control will be an added advantage. In this study, we developed an adjuvanted hydrogel-based pDNA nanoparticulate vaccine for rabies protection and immunocontraception. In vivo , we observed an immune response skewed toward a Th2 type, in contrast to the Th1 type in our previous pDNA study. The observation was verified by the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio ( ϒ . The humoral immune response is key for rabies protection and a GnRH antibody-based immunocontraception. In mice, anti-GnRH antibody titers were detected 4 weeks after immunization and lasted for 12 weeks, post animal experiment was terminated. The adjuvanted pDNA nanoparticulate vaccine shows promise for future studies evaluating protection from rabies challenge and prevention of animal breeding.
Divergence of an association between depressive symptoms and a dopamine polygenic score in Caucasians and Asians

A recent study reported a negative association between a putatively functional dopamine (DA) polygenic score, indexing higher levels of DA signaling, and depressive symptoms. We attempted to replicate this association using data from the Duke Neurogenetics Study. Our replication attempt was made in a subsample of 520 non-Hispanic Caucasian volunteers (277 women, mean age 19.78 ± 1.24 years). The DA polygenic score was based on the following five loci: rs27072 (SLC6A3/DAT1), rs4532 (DRD1), rs1800497 (DRD2/ANKK1), rs6280 (DRD3), and rs4680 (COMT). Because the discovery sample in the original study consisted mostly of Asian participants, we also conducted a post hoc analysis in a smaller subsample of Asian volunteers (N = 316, 179 women, mean age 19.61 ± 1.32 years). In the primary sample of non-Hispanic Caucasians, a linear regression analysis controlling for sex, age, socioeconomic status (SES), body mass index, genetic ancestry, and both early and recent life stress, revealed that higher DA polygenic scores were associated with higher self-reported symptoms of depression. This was in contrast to the original association of higher DA polygenic scores and lower depressive symptoms. However, the direction of the association in our Asian subsample was consistent with this original finding. Our results also suggested that compared to the Asian subsample, the non-Hispanic Caucasian subsample was characterized by higher SES, lower early and recent life stress, and lower depressive symptoms. These differences may have contributed to the observed divergence in associations. Collectively, the current findings add to evidence that specific genetic associations may differ between populations and further encourage explicit modeling of race/ethnicity in examining the polygenic nature of depressive symptoms and depression.
Distributed Radiation Field Estimation and Informative Path Planning for Nuclear Environment Characterization

This paper details the system and methods designed to enable the autonomous estimation of distributed nuclear radiation fields within complex and possibly GPS–denied environments. A sensing apparatus consisting of three radially placed Thallium–doped Cesium Iodide (CsI(Tl)) scintillators and Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPm) combined with custom– built pulse counting circuitry is designed and the provided readings are pose–annotated using LiDAR-based localization. Given this capacity, a method that utilizes the radiation intensity readings to first calculate the immediate field gradient and then combine this information to update and co-estimate the believed field intensity and gradient across the whole environment is developed. The strategy propagates the effect of each local measurement through field gradient co-estimation and simultaneously derives a model of the underlying uncertainty. To further support the need for informative data gathering, especially in the framework of emergency and rapid reconnaissance missions, a path planning strategy is also developed that first utilizes the field intensity and uncertainty estimates to select its new waypoint and then performs terrain traversability analysis to derive admissible paths. The complete system is evaluated both in simulation and experimentally. The experimental results refer to the autonomous exploration and field estimation inside an indoor facility within which actual radioactive uranium and thorium ore sources have been distributed.
Early Vs. Expectant Management of Spina Bifida Patients—Are We All Talking About a Risk Stratified Approach?

Advancements in the care of patients affected by myelomeningocele have flourished in recent years especially with respect to renal preservation and continence. Involvement of urologists both prenatally and early in life has driven many developments in preventative care and early intervention. As of yet, however, the ideal management algorithm that offers these patients the least invasive diagnostic testing and interventions while still preserving renal and bladder function remains ill defined. In a shift from prior years where the use of surgical intervention and intermittent catheterization were more liberally employed, some providers have more recently advocated for monitoring patients in a more conservative manner with a variety of diagnostic tests until radiographic or clinical changes are discovered. The criteria used to define the need for catheterization and the timing to initiate CIC or more invasive interventions is disparate across pediatric urology and there is published data to support several approaches. This review presents some of these criteria for use of CIC and some newer evidence to support different approaches along with supporting the trend toward individualized medicine and use of risk stratification in developing clinical treatment algorithms.
Geomorphic Controls of Perched Groundwater Interaction with Natural Ridge‐Top Depressional Wetlands

Geographically isolated wetlands (GIWs) are commonly reported as having hardpan or low hydraulic conductivity units underneath that produce perched groundwater, which can sustain surface water levels independently of regional aquifer fluctuations. Despite the potential of GIW‐perched aquifer systems to provide important hydrological and ecological functions such as groundwater storage and native amphibian habitat, little research has studied the hydrologic controls and dynamics of these systems. We compared several ridge‐top depressional GIW‐perched groundwater systems to investigate the role of watershed morphology on hydroregime and groundwater‐surface water interaction. Ridge‐top depressional wetlands in the Daniel Boone National Forest, Kentucky were chosen because they offer natural controls such as lack of apparent connection to surface water bodies, similar climate, and similar soils. Three wetlands with different topographic slopes and hillslope structures were mapped to distinguish key geomorphic parameters and monitored to characterize groundwater‐surface water interaction. Wetlands with soil hummocks and low upland slopes transitioned from infiltration to groundwater discharge conditions in the spring and during storm events. The magnitude and duration of this transition fell along a continuum, where higher topographic slopes and steeper uplands produced comparably smaller and shorter head reversals. This demonstrates that ridge‐top GIW‐perched groundwater systems are largely sensitive to the runoff‐recharge relationship in the upland area which can produce significant groundwater storage on a small‐scale.
HOW IS SOCIAL MEDIA GATEKEEPING DIFFERENT? A MULTI- PLATFORM COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE NEW YORK TIMES

News audiences are increasingly fragmented across different media platforms. Consequently, individual news organizations simultaneously disseminate their content across different media. Each of these media has different user bases, interface characteristics, and distribution systems. Given these substantial differences, the dynamics of the gatekeeping process – and the news values that guide this process – vary across different media technologies/platforms. As audience attention migrates from older to newer platforms (such as social media), it is increasingly important that we understand how the nature of the news that is disseminated – and thus consumed – may be different from the news disseminated through more traditional means. The ramifications of these differences can be profound if the news disseminated on the newer platforms is, for example, more or less substantive, more or less diverse, or more or less plentiful than the news disseminated on older technologies/platforms. This study addresses these issues through a comparative gatekeeping analysis of the New York Times. For this study, a month’s worth of New York Times front page, home page, and Facebook page story output are comparatively analyzed across dimensions such as story quantity, story duplication, hard versus soft news, and content diversity. The primary goal is to determine if or how the nature of the news that is prioritized for news consumers differs between the social media context and older contexts such as the print front page and the web home page.
Psychosocial Issues Associated with Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: a Literature Review.

Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a chronic disease affecting breast cancer survivors. The purpose of this article is to update the scientific literature regarding psychosocial issues associated with BCRL. Reports describe economic burdens, social support, sexuality, BCRL patient-education needs, and interventions to reduce BCRL symptoms and improve QOL among women with breast cancer. The psychosocial impact of BCRL may differ between younger and older women which has implications for age-related interventions to reduce the adverse psychosocial experiences of women with BCRL. We did not locate studies reporting the psychosocial impact of BCRL on male breast cancer survivors. More psychosocial-based interventions are needed that target the concerns of those with BCRL, including age-related needs, sexual concerns, body image, and social support. Future research is indicated to study the psychosocial impact of BCRL among men. Researchers may consider how pandemic-driven health care policies affect the psychosocial needs of those with BCRL.
Halobetasol Propionate and Tazarotene Combination Lotion 0.01%/0.045% for Psoriasis

This article reviews in detail the merits and unique nature of this combination lotion and also discusses a new type of strategy for treating psoriasis topically. The combination lotion proved much more efficacious than the vehicle. Moreover, when the combination lotion was compared head-to-head with each of the components alone (halobetasol, tazarotene) and vehicle lotion, the combination was clearly more efficacious after 8 weeks. In terms of safety, the combination lotion was well tolerated by the patients. The combination lotion is also unique in that it is the only superpotent topical steroid with long-term safety data of 1 year. Now that the FDA has approved a superpotent topical steroid containing a topical agent for unlimited “intermittent” use, compliance and treatment efficacy can be greatly improved. Due to this, the combination lotion can greatly enhance topical therapy for psoriasis and make maintenance therapy practical.
Geographically-explicit Ecological Momentary Assessment (GEMA) Architecture and Components: Lessons Learned from PMOMS

Geographically explicit Ecological Momentary Assessment (GEMA), an extension of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), allows to record time-stamped geographic location information for behavioral data in the every-day environments of study participants. Considering that GEMA studies are continually gaining the attention of researchers and currently there is no single approach in collecting GEMA data, in this paper, we propose and present a GEMA architecture that can be used to conduct any GEMA study based on our experience developing and maintaining the Postpartum Mothers Mobile Study (PMOMS). Our GEMA client-server architecture can be customized to meet the specific requirements of each GEMA study. Key features of our proposed GEMA architecture include: utilization of widely used smartphones to make GEMA studies practical; alleviation of the burden of activities on participants by designing clients (mobile applications) that are very lightweight and servers that are heavyweight in terms of functionality; utilization of at least one positioning sensor to determine EMA contexts marked with locations; and communication through the Internet. We believe that our proposed GEMA architecture, with the illustrated foundation for GEMA studies in our exemplar study (PMOMS), will help researchers from any field conduct GEMA studies efficiently and effectively.
Use of Machine Learning in Exploring Spatial (In)Justices 1

In light of recent local, national and global events, spatial justice provides a potentially powerful lens by which to explore a multitude of spatial inequalities. For more than two decades, scholars have been espousing the power of spatial justice to help develop more equitable and just communities. However, defining spatial justice and developing a methodology for quantitatively analyzing spatial justice is complicated and no agreed upon metric for examining spatial justice has been developed. Instead, individual measures of spatial injustices have been studied. One such individual measure of spatial justice is economic mobility. Recent research on economic mobility has revealed the importance of local geography on upward mobility and may serve as an important keystone in developing a metric for multiple place-based issues of spatial injustice. As a result, this paper seeks to explore place-based variables within individual census tracts in an effort to understand their impact on economic mobility and potentially spatial justice. The methodology relies on data science and machine learning techniques and the results show that the deep leaning model is able to predict economic mobility of a census tract based on its spatial variables with 89% accuracy. In the end, this research will allow for comparative analysis between differing geographies and also identify leading variables in the overall quest for spatial justice.
Developmental Pathways from Childhood Maltreatment to Young Adult Romantic Relationship Functioning.

Childhood abuse has been suggested to potentiate a maladaptive developmental trajectory, leaving adolescents and young adults at risk for mental health and romantic relationship problems. It has be...
Experiential Avoidance and Anxiety Sensitivity: Independent and Specific Associations with Children’s Depression, Anxiety, and Social Anxiety Symptoms

Experiential avoidance (EA) is a key component in acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) theory and research. EA is associated with a wide range of psychopathology in adults including anxiety, in particular social anxiety, and depression, yet little research exists on EA in youth. Anxiety sensitivity (AS), like EA, has been viewed as a form of distress tolerance or emotion regulation. In a sample of 124 children (age 10 to 12), this study examined the independent and specific relations of EA and AS to children’s depression, anxiety, and social anxiety symptoms, both before and after controlling for comorbid symptoms. EA and AS had independent associations with each of children’s depression, anxiety, and social anxiety; and EA had significantly stronger relations than AS with each of children’s social anxiety and anxiety. After controlling for depression, only EA (and not AS) was uniquely related to both children’s anxiety and social anxiety. After controlling for anxiety and social anxiety, only AS (and not EA) was uniquely related to depression. After controlling for depression and social anxiety, neither EA nor AS was significantly related to anxiety. In contrast, after controlling for depression and anxiety, EA (and not AS) showed a significant and unique relation to children’s social anxiety. These findings indicate: 1) there are distinctions between EA and AS; 2) EA and AS are overlapping yet independent correlates for each of depression, anxiety and social and anxiety; and 3) EA and AS show some differential relations with children’s depression, anxiety, and social anxiety when comorbid symptoms are considered. Theoretical and treatment implications are highlighted.
Public Thought and Action

This chapter discusses two contrasting views of information—civic knowledge and public understanding. The civic knowledge record is dismal on all counts—knowledge, media, and in particular, television. Public understanding gives a very different impression. This is the measurement of what the public thinks and believes about the events of the day and the people who figure in them. The emphasis is on the response to the news rather than on acquisition of facts. This perspective is consistent with the conclusion of analysis of the evidence on what voters learn from the mass media by Weaver (1996) that awareness and concern about issues and people are typically what is acquired from attending to the news. The chapter also highlights the construction of the importance imputed to issues, people, and events and its role in shaping opinions about them.
Functional evaluation of out-of-the-box text-mining tools for data-mining tasks

Objective The trade-off between the speed and simplicity of dictionary-based term recognition and the richer linguistic information provided by more advanced natural language processing (NLP) is an area of active discussion in clinical informatics. In this paper, we quantify this trade-off among text processing systems that make different trade-offs between speed and linguistic understanding. We tested both types of systems in three clinical research tasks: phase IV safety profiling of a drug, learning adverse drug–drug interactions, and learning used-to-treat relationships between drugs and indications. Materials We first benchmarked the accuracy of the NCBO Annotator and REVEAL in a manually annotated, publically available dataset from the 2008 i2b2 Obesity Challenge. We then applied the NCBO Annotator and REVEAL to 9 million clinical notes from the Stanford Translational Research Integrated Database Environment (STRIDE) and used the resulting data for three research tasks. Results There is no significant difference between using the NCBO Annotator and REVEAL in the results of the three research tasks when using large datasets. In one subtask, REVEAL achieved higher sensitivity with smaller datasets. Conclusions For a variety of tasks, employing simple term recognition methods instead of advanced NLP methods results in little or no impact on accuracy when using large datasets. Simpler dictionary-based methods have the advantage of scaling well to very large datasets. Promoting the use of simple, dictionary-based methods for population level analyses can advance adoption of NLP in practice.
Oxygen vacancy related dielectric relaxation in (Sr1-1.5xBix)TiO3

Abstract This paper reports the dielectric polarization process in (Sr1-1.5xBix)TiO3 (x=0.0267) ceramics in the temperature range 10 – 300K. The main attention was focused on the oxygen vacancy related dielectric relaxation behavior. The results show that the dielectric relaxation mode displays a symmetric frequency dependence, and Debye like relaxation behavior. The dielectric polarization strength follows the modified Debye-Langevin model .
Lack of Adherence With the Analgesic Regimen: A Significant Barrier to Effective Cancer Pain Management

PURPOSE: To evaluate oncology outpatients’ level of adherence to their analgesic regimen during a 5-week period. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A random sample of 65 adult oncology outpatients with a Karnofsky performance status score of ≥ 50, an average pain intensity score of ≥ 2.5, and radiographic evidence of bone metastasis were recruited for this longitudinal study from seven outpatient settings. On a daily basis, patients rated their level of pain intensity and recorded pain medication intake. Adherence rates for opioid analgesics prescribed on an around-the-clock (ATC) and on an as-needed (PRN) basis were calculated on a weekly basis. RESULTS: Overall adherence rates for ATC opioid analgesics ranged from 84.5% to 90.8% and, for PRN analgesics, from 22.2% to 26.6%. No significant differences over time were found in either of these adherence rates. CONCLUSION: One factor that seems to contribute to ineffective cancer pain management is poor adherence to the analgesic regimen.
Methods used to study intestinal nutrient transport: past and present.

Background. Vitally important to the future of surgical care is the study of nutrition and nutrient uptake. Advances in this field of research have become increasingly dependent upon the disciplines of immunology, histology, and molecular biology. The fusion of these sciences has deepened our insight into the relationship between molecular structure and physiologic function. The ability to apply new technologies to this endeavor will enable the surgeon-investigator to further widen our understanding of nutrient transport. Materials and Methods. Medline and current literature review. Results and Conclusions. We summarize many of the methods used to measure the uptake of nutrients by the intestinal epithelium, providing a historical perspective.
A Note on Scalar Hertz Potentials for Gyrotropic Media

The scalar Hertz potentials are generalized to the case of electromagnetic fields in gyrotropic media. Expressions for electromagnetic fields in terms of two potentials are presented and the system of differential equations for the potentials is derived. The result are summarized in the form of a theorem. The case of a stratified gyrotropic medium with parameters varying along the distinguished axis has been considered also. Scalar “superpotentials” satisfying a fourth-order partial differential equation are introduced. They allow expressions for electromagnetic fields to be found in terms of one scalar superpotential only. Basic results on scalar Hertz potentials in isotropic media are recalled.
The relationship between employment-related self-efficacy and quality of life following traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVES This study examines the relative contribution of employment-related and general self-efficacy to perceptions of quality of life (QoL) for individuals with traumatic brain injury. DESIGN Correlational. SETTING Community-based research and training center. PARTICIPANTS 427 individuals with self-reported TBI under the age of 65 were included in analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Employment-related self-efficacy, general self-efficacy, perceived quality of life (PQoL), unmet important needs (UIN). RESULTS Significant correlations were found between income, injury severity, age at injury, and employment and the QoL variables. In addition, employment-related and general self-efficacy correlated positively with both PQoL and UIN. Employment-related and general self-efficacy accounted for 16% of the variance in PQoL and 9.5% of the variance in UIN, over and above other variables traditionally associated with QoL. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of including subjective appraisals of employment, such as perceived self-efficacy at the workplace, in assessing QoL and successful return to work following TBI.
On Modifying Logic Networks to Improve Their Diagnosability

This paper considers the use of control logic to reduce the number of tests required by a logic network and to simplify test generation. The properties of EXCLUSIVE-OR (EOR) circuits as control elements are examined. Systematic procedures are presented for modifying any combinational or sequential network so that the resulting network requires only five tests. These tests can easily be generated using a set of predefined test patterns of length five. The design of diagnosable networks using a limited amount of control logic is also discussed.
High affinity binding of [3H] cocaine to rat liver microsomes.

Abstract [3H]Cocaine bound reversibly, with high affinity (KD 2.3 ± 1.1. nM) and stereospecificity to rat liver microsomes. Little binding was detected in the lysosomal, mitochondrial and nuclear fractions. The binding kinetics were slow ( T 1 2 for association, 6 min and for dissociation 17 min), and the kinetically calculated KD was 2 nM. Induction of mixed function oxidases by phenobarbital did not produce significant change in [3H] cocaine binding. On the other hand, chronic administration of cocaine reduced [3H] cocaine binding drastically. Neither treatment affected the affinity of the liver binding protein for cocaine. Microsomes from mouse and human livers had less cocaine-binding protein and lower affinity for cocaine than those from rat liver. Binding of [3H] cocaine for rat liver microsomes was insensitive to monovalent cations and > 10 fold less sensitive to biogenic amines than the cocaine receptor in rat striatum. However, the liver protein had higher affinity for cocaine and metabolites except for norcocaine. Amine uptake inhibitors displaced [3H] cocaine binding to liver with a different rank order of potency than their displacement of [3H] cocaine binding to striatum. This high affinity [3H] cocaine binding protein in liver is not likely to be a monooxygenase, but may have a role in cocaine-induced hepatotoxicity.
Multi-domain Packing in the Aminoacylatable 3′ End of a Plant Viral RNA

Abstract Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) contains a tRNA-like structure (TLS) in its 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR). This highly structured element induces valylation of the viral RNA by host cell enzymes and is important for virus proliferation. Directly upstream of the TYMV TLS is an upstream pseudoknot domain (UPD) that has been considered to be structurally distinct from the TLS. However, using a combination of functional, biochemical, and biophysical assays, we show that the entire 3′ UTR of the viral genome is a single structured element in the absence of cellular protein. This packing architecture stabilizes the RNA structure and creates a better substrate for aminoacylation, and thus the UPD and TLS are functionally and structurally coupled. It has been proposed that the TYMV TLS acts as a molecular switch between translation and replication. Our results suggest that this putative switch could be based on structural changes within the global architecture of the UTR induced by interactions with the ribosome. The TYMV TLS·UPD might demonstrate how RNA structural plasticity can play a role in regulation of biological processes.
A History of Fish Management in Waldo Lake, Oregon

ABSTRACT Trout Oncorhynchus sp. and Salvelinus sp. were released into Waldo Lake beginning in 1889, although releases prior to 1938 are poorly documented. Trout releases were documented for most years between 1938 and 1990. Trout releases were discontinued after 1990. Brook trout are reproducing in the lake and are larger than the average size of brook trout in most lakes in the Oregon Cascade Range. Angling pressure appears to be light and angler catch-rate is poor except during autumn. Future management options include releasing additional fish into the lake, removing fish or leaving things the way they are.