cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigations on longwall mining subsidence impacts on Pennsylvania highway alignments

Abstract Over 600 longwall panels have been mined in Pennsylvania in the last 50 years. Of those 600 panels, 25 panels undermined interstates highways. Despite this quantity of panels, much is still unknown regarded the detailed effects of undermining highways. The Gateway Mine, the Emerald Mine, and the Cumberland Mine undermined I-79 with 17 panels in 1982–1989 and in 2003–2008, respectively; Mine 84 undermined I-70 with 4 panels in 1987–2000. Through the examination of the panels that undermined I-70 and I-79, it is possible to determine which factors have most impacted the highway alignments. In some locations, the highway intersects with panels at angles ranging from 45° to 80°; and at the others, it runs between two panels, which simulates the effect of gateroads on the subsidence. The panel width to overburden ratio varies between 0.64 and 1.7, meaning that the interstates were influenced by both subcritical and supercritical subsidence basins. The face advance rates and overburden depths also vary between the panels. Unfortunately, specific information detailing highway impacts associated with unique characteristics of the subsidence basins are limited. In this paper, using the profile function model and influence function model within the surface deformation prediction system (SDPS), the effects of overburden, panel size, and orientation of the road on the highway can be indirectly assessed.
PlantShoe: Botanical Detectives

This chapter discusses the design and deployment of a citizen science application to inventory iconic medicinal non-timber forest products in the wild, such as black cohosh, ramps, and Bloodroot. The application is called PlantShoe (a pun on ‘Gumshoe’) and is used on mobile devices to collect data in the field about forest medicinal plants and their growing conditions. The users’ data is fed into a database, which they can manage, study, and share. Plantshoe data is a part of a larger regional community and consortium which is collecting information about the ecology and distribution of medicinal forest plants. Such analyses can help forest farmers and wild stewards in their processes of site selection and management of these valuable botanicals. We describe our usability engineering in the development of the PlantShoe application and enumerate key design tradeoffs we encountered. Thus, the design decisions and results of PlantShoe provide rich material for the design of future technology on the trail.
Computational structured illumination for high-content fluorescence and phase microscopy.

High-content biological microscopy targets high-resolution imaging across large fields-of-view (FOVs). Recent works have demonstrated that computational imaging can provide efficient solutions for high-content microscopy. Here, we use speckle structured illumination microscopy (SIM) as a robust and cost-effective solution for high-content fluorescence microscopy with simultaneous high-content quantitative phase (QP). This multi-modal compatibility is essential for studies requiring cross-correlative biological analysis. Our method uses laterally-translated Scotch tape to generate high-resolution speckle illumination patterns across a large FOV. Custom optimization algorithms then jointly reconstruct the sample’s super-resolution fluorescent (incoherent) and QP (coherent) distributions, while digitally correcting for system imperfections such as unknown speckle illumination patterns, system aberrations and pattern translations. Beyond previous linear SIM works, we achieve resolution gains of 4× the objective’s diffraction-limited native resolution, resulting in 700 nm fluorescence and 1.2 μm QP resolution, across a FOV of 2×2.7 mm 2, giving a space-bandwidth product (SBP) of 60 megapixels.
Microglia Phenotypes Following the Induction of Alcohol Dependence in Adolescent Rats.

Background Activation of the innate immune system may play a role in the development of alcohol use disorders (AUDs), which often originate with adolescent alcohol abuse. A key player in the innate immune system is microglia, the activation of which occurs along a spectrum from proinflammatory, or M1-like, to anti-inflammatory, or M2-like, phenotypes. Methods Adolescent, male rats were gavaged with ethanol (EtOH) or isocaloric control diet every 8 hours for 4 days and then sacrificed at 0, 2, 7, and 14 days later. Microglia were isolated from the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus by Percoll gradient centrifugation, labeled with surface antigens for activation, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Polarization states of microglia, defined as CD11b+ CD45low cells, were determined by the expression of M1 surface markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II, CD32, and CD86, and M2 surface marker, CD206 (mannose receptor). Cytokine gene expression was measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results Isolated cells were a highly enriched population (>95% pure) of microglia/macrophages according to CD11b immunoreactivity. EtOH rats showed the most dramatic increases in microglia activation markers CD11b and CD45, and M1 (MHC-II) and M2 (CD206) markers at T2, when additional M1 markers CD86 and CD32 were also increased. Surprisingly, proinflammatory gene expression of CCL2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α generally was decreased at all time points in EtOH rats except for IL-6 which was increased at T0 and TNF-α which was not changed at T0 in either region. Simultaneously, BDNF expression was increased at T2 and T7, while IGF1 and TGF-β gene expression was decreased. Arginase was also increased at T0 in hippocampus, but not changed by alcohol otherwise. Conclusions These data show that microglia phenotype after alcohol dependence is not a simple M1 or M2 classification, though more indicators of an anti-inflammatory phenotype were observed. Determining microglia phenotype is critical for understanding their role in the development of AUDs.
Molecular targeting of vulnerable RNA sequences in SARS CoV-2: identifying clinical feasibility

Covid-19 (SARS CoV-2) has become a deadly, world-wide pandemic. Although most who are infected survive, complications from the virus can be pronounced and long-lasting. To date, of all the respiratory viruses including influenza and coronaviruses, only influenza has had a drug (i.e., Tamiflu) specifically targeted to treat and prevent infection. As a result, additional agents that specifically target viral production and are clinically feasible are needed to alleviate respiratory viral infections. The idea of using a miRNA/siRNA molecular approach for treating various diseases was postulated over a decade ago; however, only within the past few years has it become feasible. One technological advancement has been the molecular linkage of lipophilic moieties to mi/siRNAs in order to bypass the need for enveloping these inhibitory RNAs in lipid-based transfection reagents, which could irritate the airway if inhaled. Here we show that siRNAs and miRNAs inhibit SARS CoV-2 spike protein production in a dose-dependent manner in both HEK293 cells and a primary human airway tracheal cell line. We also show that this inhibition is equally robust using a clinically relevant siRNA that does not need to be prepped with a transfection reagent.
A Cas9-mediated adenosine transient reporter enables enrichment of ABE-targeted cells.

Adenine base editors (ABE) enable single nucleotide modifications without the need for double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) induced by conventional CRIPSR/Cas9-based approaches. However, most approaches that employ ABEs require inefficient downstream technologies to identify desired targeted mutations within large populations of manipulated cells. In this study, we developed a fluorescence-based method, named “Cas9-mediated adenosine transient reporter for editing enrichment” (CasMAs-TREE; herein abbreviated XMAS-TREE), to facilitate the real-time identification of base-edited cell populations. To establish a fluorescent-based assay able to detect ABE activity within a cell in real time, we designed a construct encoding a mCherry fluorescent protein followed by a stop codon (TGA) preceding the coding sequence for a green fluorescent protein (GFP), allowing translational readthrough and expression of GFP after A-to-G conversion of the codon to “TGG.” At several independent loci, we demonstrate that XMAS-TREE can be used for the highly efficient purification of targeted cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that XMAS-TREE can be employed in the context of multiplexed editing strategies to simultaneous modify several genomic loci. In addition, we employ XMAS-TREE to efficiently edit human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), a cell type traditionally resistant to genetic modification. Furthermore, we utilize XMAS-TREE to generate clonal isogenic hPSCs at target sites not editable using well-established reporter of transfection (RoT)-based strategies. We established a method to detect adenosine base-editing activity within a cell, which increases the efficiency of editing at multiple genomic locations through an enrichment of edited cells. In the future, XMAS-TREE will greatly accelerate the application of ABEs in biomedical research.
A systematic analysis and prioritization of suicide prevention research gaps.

Objective This study identified and prioritized research gaps for suicide prevention in the Department of Defense to inform future research investments. Methods The 2019 VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Patients at Risk for Suicide was the primary source document for research gaps, supplemented by an updated literature search. Institutional stakeholders rated the identified research gaps and ranked the gap categories. We used Q factor analysis to derive a list of the prioritized research gaps and category rankings. Results Thirty-five research gaps were identified and prioritized. The highest rated research gap topic was lethal means safety interventions and their effectiveness in increasing safety behaviors and/or reducing suicide-related outcomes. Research on the effectiveness of crisis response planning and several other non-pharmacological interventions (e.g., implementation of cognitive-behavioral therapy, technology-based behavioral interventions, and applications of dialectical behavior therapy to non-Borderline patients) were also rated highly by stakeholders. Conclusions This work generated a list of priorities for future suicide research as evaluated by Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs stakeholders. Our findings can help guide the efforts of suicide researchers and inform decisions about future research funding for suicide prevention.
Greek Tragedy in Vergil's Aeneid: Ritual, Empire, and Intertext

This book is a systematic study of the importance of Greek tragedy as a fundamental 'intertext' for Vergil's Aeneid. Vassiliki Panoussi argues that the epic's representation of ritual acts, especially sacrifice, mourning, marriage, and maenadic rites, mobilizes a connection to tragedy. The tragic-ritual model offers a fresh look into the political and cultural function of the Aeneid, expanding our awareness of the poem's scope, particularly in relation to gender, and presenting new readings of celebrated episodes, such as Anchises' games, Amata's maenadic rites, Dido's suicide, and the killing of Turnus. She interprets the Aeneid as a work that reflects the dynamic nature of Augustan ideology, contributing to the redefinition of civic discourse and national identity. In her rich study, readers will find a unique exploration of the complex relationship between Greek tragedy and Vergil's Aeneid and a stimulating discussion of problems of gender, power, and ideology in ancient Rome.
The Deliberative Stylings of Leading Tax Law Scholars

This article examines the deliberative techniques of leading tax scholars as gleaned from articles they have written. It compares their deliberative or interpretative prescriptions to the nine Supreme Court tax cases since 2000. After the comparison, the article finds that Lawrence Zelenak's theory describes the Court's deliberative process better than the theories of the others, that Deborah Geier's text-based purposivism is the most attractive normative theory of those advanced by these scholars, but that none of them describes judicial deliberation over tax law with enough detail to prescribe a normative or positive technique one can actually follow. However, this problem exists in all areas of law. Thus, this article also pursues a concept of legal justification, Formulaic Deliberation, based on using mathematical expressions and terminology to develop more precise descriptions and prescriptions of deliberative or interpretative techniques.
The rise and fall of an aristocratic tourist culture.

Abstract The character of winter society in Nice during the period of 1763–1936 is traced in cultural developmental terms. This society, which originally was comprised of a small homogeneous group of (mostly) sick upper class Englishmen, gradually evolved to a large international group of wealthy (mostly) healthy winter visitors. The character of this later society appears to have conformed to Cohen's model for expatriate communities in which various groups of foreign nationals band together into an international group of expatriates linked with upper status residents. The evolutionary trend from the simple to the complex is seen to be the result of (mostly outside) entrepreneurial acativity directed at an expanding market. A continuation of such activity appears to have led to the mass tourism in present-day Nice.
Opportunistic Planning and Freudian Slips

Freud’s study of the psychology of errors (see, e. g., Freud, 1935), including notably slips of the tongue, led him to the conclusion that many such errors are not merely the result of random malfunctions in mental processing, but rather are meaningful psychological acts. That is, they are intentional actions in every sense of the word, reflecting and indeed carrying out the goals, whether conscious or not, of the person who commits them. In particular, Freud argued, such errors stem from attempts to carry out suppressed intentions, intentions that have been formed but then in some sense withdrawn because they conflict with other, more powerful intentions.
Decentralized Control of the COFS-I Mast using Linear DC Motors

In this paper we consider a decentralized control design for vibration suppression in the COFS-I Mast using linear DC motors for actuators. The decentralized control design is based on not well known results from power systems using root locus techniques. This approach is effective because the loop gain is low due to low actuator authority. The frequency dependent nonlinearities of the actuator are taken into account. Because of the tendency of the transients to saturate the actuator, its effectiveness is reduced.
Conceptual play spaces and the quest atlantis project

In this presentation we overview our theory and design work around conceptual play spaces. Conceptual play is a state of engagement that involves (a) projection into the role of a character who, (b) engaged in a partly fantastical problem context, (c) must apply conceptual understandings to make sense of and, ultimately, transform the context. Additionally, a conceptual play space designed to support learning should (d) provide opportunities to examine one's participation in terms of the impact it had on the immersive context. Four core presentations will be offered, each demonstrating how the notion of conceptual play has been taken up in particular curricular instantiations through the platform of Quest Atlantis. Quest Atlantis is a learning and teaching project that uses a 3D multi-user environment to immerse children, ages 9-12, in educational tasks.
Agency Design and Distributive Politics

This paper targets the intersection of two generally distinct literatures: political control of administrative agencies and distributive politics. Based on a comprehensive database of federal spending that tracks allocations from each agency to each congressional district for every year from 1984 through 2007, we analyze the responsiveness of agency spending decisions to presidential and congressional influences. Our research design uses district-by-agency fixed effects to identify the effects of a district’s political characteristics on agency spending allocations. Because most agencies distribute federal funds, we are able to provide empirical evidence about the relationship between structural features of administrative agencies and the degree of political responsiveness of their spending decisions. Because allocation of funds constitutes a readily comparable metric over time and across agencies, we are able to evaluate a host of competing hypotheses about the political control of the bureaucracy by both Congress and the President.
Using Museum Exhibits in Introductory Economics Classes: An Innovation with Experiential Learning

Using museum exhibits to engage students in experiential learning has not been largely explored by economists. Instructors can enhance the cognitive experience of students at the museum by tying the course content to appropriate exhibits, readings, activities and assessments. This can also lead to deeper learning in the discipline area and better retention of knowledge. In this paper, I share my experience of using two Smithsonian exhibits: “RACE – Are We So Different?” and “Inventing a Better Mousetrap: Patent Models from the Rothschild Collection” with my introductory Macroeconomics and Microeconomics classes respectively. This has been a great way to achieve content relevance, deeper learning and student engagement. Above all, it made economics interesting.
e-commerce incubators: the new dot-com factories

E-commerce incubators have become a new hot way to foster growth for the dot.com companies. New e-commerce incubators functioned as new dot.com factories by offering office space, funding, hardware, software, hosting services call centers and physical infrastructure and some other services to dot.com start-ups. Some of the popular ones are Idealab, Hotbank, Garage.com, CMGI, eCompanies, eHatchery, Camp6, Epoch and Latitute Blue. This paper gives a snap shot of the working incubator model, elaboration of the differences between venture capital (VC) firms and e-commerce incubators and future outlook of the e-commerce incubators after the dot.com shakeout.
Craig interpolation and reachability analysis

A Craig interpolant for a mutually inconsistent pair of formulas (A, B) is a formula that is (1) implied by A, (2) inconsistent with B, and (3) expressed over the common variables of A and B. It is known that a Craig interpolant can be efficiently derived from a refutation of A Λ B, for a variety of theories and proof systems. This fact has been used primarily in proving lower bounds for various proof systems.In this talk, I will discuss a method that uses Craig interpolation to construct abstract image operators relative to a given property to be proved. In essence, the abstract image operator preserves just enough information to prove that the property is not violated within k steps. This provides a sound and complete procedure for reachability in transition systems of finite diameter. For infinite diameter, convergence is not guaranteed. However, the fact that the image operator is abstracted relative to a property may allow convergence in cases where an exact analysis would diverge.This approach could have applications in software verification, as an alternative or adjunct to predicate abstraction, and to verification of "infinite state" systems in general.
An MDP-based policy for stochastic multi-agent domains

Stochastic environments pose challenging problems for agents trying to act optimally in the presence of other agents. In such environments agents have to contend with the probabilistic effects of other agents' actions, their inability to completely observe the state of the world before selecting the next action and in some cases the high cost of communication. We show how such systems can be modeled as multi-agent Markov decision processes. We describe a policy that prescribes an action that has a high probability of being the optimal action under a given global state distribution and present an algorithm that agents can use to act in such environments while attempting to achieve their goals.
Local government structure and public expenditures

The ``Law of 1/n'' postulates a positive relationship betweenthe number of democratically electedrepresentative districts and governmentspending. Strong support for thisrelationship exists in legislatures in theUnited States (at both the state andnational level) and across countries. Fewstudies have examined this relationship atthe local level despite the fact that localgovernments operate under constraintssimilar to those faced by representativelegislatures. Using a sample of Georgiacounties we find the number of countycommissioners to be positively correlatedwith county government expenditures,indicating support for the Law of 1/nat the local level.
Thermal evaluation of power amplifier modules and RF packages in a handheld communicator system

The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a non-voice value added service in the handheld communicator system allowing information to be sent and received across a mobile telephone network. It enables networks to offer 'always-on', higher capacity, and Internet-based content and packet-based data services. With more capabilities and higher duty cycles, the chip set in the handheld system should withstand larger thermal loads, yet maintain high standards for electrical and thermal performance. A detailed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study was performed to examine the thermal characteristics of a chip set at the system level. This chip set includes the Power Amplifier (PA) module, power management and base-band packages, front-end receiver package and memory. Detailed solid modeling was applied to the PA module with the GaAs (Gallium Arsenide) device bonded to a multi-layer ceramic substrate. Other packages placed on the PCB were simulated as compact thermal models. Several system level variables are investigated, including the PCB thermal via distribution, Power Management package designs, and enclosure convection and thermal interaction among packages. The study focuses on the power management (ball grid array) package and demonstrates the advantage of using thermal simulations to predict the device peak temperatures under realistic operating conditions. The results also demonstrate the minimal impact of thermal via structures and their specific locations underneath the PA module.
Effect of age, sex, and cystic fibrosis on the sodium and potassium content of human sweat.

The following observations were made on collections of sweat from 197 subjects without evidence of disease related to cystic fibrosis of the pancreas after production of localized sweating on the forearm by a standard pilocarpine iontophoresis procedure: 1. Sodium concentrations averaged less than 20 meq/l in children under 11 years of age, while in adults the average concentration rose to 45 meq/l. Sodium concentrations were less variable in children than in adults. Age variation in sodium concentration did not depend upon variation in the rate of sweating. 2. The average potassium concentration in all children and adult females was 11 meq/l. It was lower, 7 meq/l, in adult males. 3. Other sex differences, observed only in adults, were the higher rates of sweating and slightly higher sodium concentrations found in males. 4. Rates of sweating measured in children under 1 year of age were considerably more variable than those induced in older children or adults. Comparison of these data with observations from 34 children with cystic fibrosis revealed the following facts: 1. Children with this disease always had higher sodium concentrations than pre-pubertal control subjects. Twenty-nine per cent of adult control subjects had concentrations within the cystic fibrosis range. 2. Children with cystic fibrosis had a higher average potassium concentration, 15.0 meq/l, than control children. 3. No sex differences were observed within this group, and the same increased variability in rates of sweating induced in control infants was noted in infants with the disease. Observations on 53 parents and 18 siblings of the children with cystic fibrosis did not reveal any differences from control subjects of the same age. It was concluded that age, sex, and the presence of cystic fibrosis have a profound effect on the composition of sweat obtained after pilocarpine iontophoresis.
Thermodynamics of the complexation of Hg(II) by cysteinyl peptide ligands using isothermal titration calorimetry

Abstract The present study was undertaken to better understand the complexation of mercury (II) by cysteine, histidine, tryptophan, and their di- and tri-peptides. Their mercury (II) binding affinities and associated thermodynamic parameters are evaluated by isothermal titration calorimetry. Cysteine S-donor atoms form the strongest complexes, which can be attributed to a more exothermic Hg–S soft acid and soft base interaction. These thiol S-donor peptide ligands show two sequential binding for mercury (II). Their stability constants for the first binding (10 8 M −1 to >10 10 M −1 ) are largely due to favorable contribution of the enthalpy term to the free energy of complexation. As more mercury (II) ions are added, this enthalpy contribution decreases and the free energy of the second binding (10 5 M −1 to 10 6 M −1 ) is partially compensated by the entropy term. The dependency of the fluorescence intensity for these peptides on mercury (II) concentration shows two different Stern–Volmer plots, which corroborates the calorimetric data and supports the formation of two types of stable complexes.
Base-catalyzed hydrogen isotope exchange and the aqueous acidity of toluene

Abstract Measurements of hydrogen isotope exchange of toluene-α-d and -α-t in aqueous sodium hydroxide are reported for temperatures of 150–200°C. The reaction shows essentially no primary isotope effect. The rate extrapolated to 24°C is combined with the rate constant for reaction of benzyl anion with water obtained earlier by Bockrath and Dorfman8 to derive the aqueous pka, of toluene as 39.6 (per hydrogen basis).
Automated Analysis of Cumulative Flow and Speed Curves

An automated procedure for analyzing cumulative flow and speed curves is described. The essential features of this method are a routine that uses a piecewise linear approximation to identify times that speed or flow changes and a set of rules to identify periods of queue discharge flow (QDF) and prequeue flow (PQF). These rules are based on speed thresholds, the duration of periods of low speed, the times congested flow is observed at different locations relative to the bottleneck, and (in the case of PQF) the regression slope of flow versus time. Results of the automated analysis are compared with those of a previous manual analysis of data from 21 bottlenecks. The automated analysis identified more, but shorter, periods of QDF than did the manual analysis, primarily because it was more likely to identify very short periods of QDF or recovery from congestion, but fewer and longer periods of PQF. Average flow for automatically identified periods of QDF was similar to that of manually identified periods, but average flow for automatically identified periods of PQF was almost always lower than that for those identified manually.
INFLUENCE OF CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION ON MEN'S CLOTHING PURCHASES: A CROSS‐GENERATIONAL STUDY

This article presents data from a survey conducted among older and younger men who were members of civic organizations in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Purposes of this study were to determine if older men were different from younger men in their use of channels of communication when making clothing purchasing decisions and in their general shopping practices. The older men were 55 to 78 years of age and the younger men were 27 to 49. The men in both groups held white‐collar jobs, were married, college educated, and had annual incomes in excess of $20,000. Although two significant differences were found between the two groups of men (frequency with which they read specified publications and tones of advertisements that they preferred), the similarities between the two groups were more important than the differences. Similarities and differences between older and younger men are discussed. Implications for educators in business, advertising, and fashion merchandising are presented.
Small robot autonomy in an integrated environment

The U.S. Army Research Laboratory's (ARL) Computational and Information Sciences Directorate (CISD) has long been involved in autonomous asset control, specifically as it relates to small robots. Over the past year, CISD has demonstrated the ability to control and view streaming video from an FCS-surrogate PackBot robotic system over multiple network types (Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW), 802.11), as well as tasking the robot to follow both manually (ARL DigitalInk) and autonomously planned (CERDEC C2ORE) GPS waypoint routes. These capabilities remove the "stand alone system" limitations of traditional small robot systems and allow any and all data produced by such platforms to be available to anyone on the network, while at the same time reducing the amount of operator intervention required to utilize a robot. However, assumptions were made about the paths the robot was to traverse, specifically that they would be free from major obstacles. To address these system limitations, CISD is implementing obstacle detection and avoidance (OD/OA) on the PackBot. The OD/OA utilizes COTS ranging sensors with indoor and/or outdoor capabilities, and leverages existing software algorithm components into the existing CISD robotic control architecture. These new capabilities are available in an integrated environment consisting of common command and control (C2) and network interfaces and on multiple platforms (ARL ATRV, LynchBot, PackBot, etc.) due to the modular and platform/network independent architecture that ARL employs. This paper will describe the current robotic control architecture employed by ARL and provide brief descriptions of existing capabilities. Further, the paper will discuss the small robot obstacle detection/avoidance integration effort performed by ARL, along with some preliminary results on its performance and benefits.
Aerobic mineralization of paperboard materials used in packaging applications

Aerobic mineralization of several different paperboard materials under laboratory-exposure conditions was studied. A novel respirometer was used to titrimetrically determine the kinetics of gas evolution and the rate of biodegradation was quantified by an empirical rate coefficient k. Various bleached paperboard materials studied showed about the same rate (k = 0.14–0.16 days−1) and a 50–58 weight percent conversion of substrate carbon into carbon dioxide under the conditions used in the study. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 1773–1779, 1999
The Mcs7 quantitative trait locus is associated with an increased susceptibility to mammary cancer in congenic rats and an allele-specific imbalance

Identification of high-penetrance breast cancer genes such as Brca1 has been accomplished by analysing familial cases. However, these genes occur at low frequency and do not account for the majority of genetic risk. Identification of low-penetrance alleles that occur commonly in populations may benefit from unbiased genome-wide screening. One such approach uses linkage studies in rodent models to identify homologous human candidates. The Wistar Kyoto (WKy) rat is resistant to mammary carcinomas induced with 7,12-dimethybenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), whereas the Wistar Furth (WF) strain is susceptible. Previous genome-wide linkage studies in crosses of these strains identified three WKy resistance quantitative trait loci, Mcs5, Mcs6 and Mcs8, and one predicted to increase susceptibility, Mcs7. The Mcs7 region on rat chromosome 10 (RNO10) is orthologous to human 17q, a common site of genetic aberrations in breast cancer. Here, we establish the independent phenotype conferred by Mcs7 using congenic rats carrying the WKy Mcs7 locus on a WF background. Tumor multiplicity was significantly higher ( approximately 50%) in DMBA-treated congenics homozygous and heterozygous for the WKy allele at the Mcs7 locus, compared to controls. We also investigated allelic imbalance (AI) in mammary carcinomas from (WKy x WF)F1 rats and Mcs7 heterozygous congenics. Of the four known WKy Mcs loci tested, only Mcs7 displayed AI. The pattern of AI in carcinomas from both F1 and Mcs7 congenic rats was similar, suggesting a WF allelic loss. Together, these data suggest that one or more breast cancer-related genes are located within the dominantly acting WKy allele at the Mcs7 locus.
Responses of normal and learning disabled children as a function of the stopwatch in the matching familiar figures testing situation

Abstract To ascertain whether normal and hyperactive learning disabled children differ in their responses to Kagan's Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFF) as a function of a temporal cue, the stopwatch used in the testing situation, 16 learning disabled and 15 normal 8- and 9-year-old boys were compared. A counterbalanced design, in which each child was administered one-half of the test with a stopwatch (standard administration procedure) and the other one-half of the test without a stopwatch (No-Stopwatch procedure), was used. For the normal children, the MFF latency scores in the two conditions were not correlated, indicating that the stopwatch influenced their performance. For the learning disabled children, however, the MFF latency scores in the two conditions were correlated. A significant difference between the two correlation coefficients indicated that the normal and learning disabled children responded in a different manner to the temporal cue. On the MFF error measure, the correlation between the scores obtained in the two conditions of test administration was significant for the normal children, but not for the learning disabled children. A significant difference between these correlation coefficients again indicated differential responding to the temporal cue by the two groups.
Velocity-resolved, single-pass volumetric retinal flow imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography

Advances in Doppler spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) have demonstrated several image acquisition schemes that enable real-time, high-resolution, volumetric display of blood flow maps. Current generation Doppler SDOCT systems use phase differences between sequential A-scans acquired at a single spatial position to calculate the velocity of moving scatterers. Recently, several methods for optical angiography have been developed which resolve moving scatterers by imposing a spatial frequency modulation across a lateral scan dimension. The carrier frequency is generated by adding a reference phase delay using a moving reference arm or an off-pivot scanning beam. The resulting data is spatial frequency windowed such that all moving scatterers (flow) modulating the carrier frequency can be separated from non-moving scatterers (structure). However, spatial frequency modulation requires precise synchronization of the reference arm delay with B-scan acquisition and multiple B-scans are required to image bidirectional flow into and out-of the A-scan axis. Here we demonstrate single-pass volumetric bidirectional blood flow imaging (SPFI) SDOCT using a modified Hilbert transform without the use of spatial frequency modulation. By windowing low-spatial frequency scatterers across a B-scan, bidirectionally moving scatterers centered at Doppler frequencies outside of the frequency window are resolved. Additionally, 3D velocimetry maps can be constructed by setting the spatial frequency window to a corresponding velocity range and shifting it across all spatial frequencies to image scatterers moving within a particular velocity range. We show that SPFI SDOCT allows for 3D imaging of in vivo human retinal microvasculature down to 20μm, thus providing information about vessel morphology and dynamics.
A Unique Engine-Synchronism Indicator for Aircraft

RECENT aircraft design has emphasized multiengine airplanes, especially for commercial transports and military types. Two and 4-engine planes are commonplace and 6-engine craft are proposed for the near future. Engine synchronism indication, usually between a master engine and each of the others, becomes more important as the number of engines on the airplane increases. It is possible to synchronize two engines by ear, but this method becomes exceedingly difficult for aircraft with more than two engines.
The Prospects of Political Science

THE confidence of the Victorian age and of the Edwardian period was not as pure and undefiled as is often imagined. Thus poets were sometimes aware of man's aloneness in an alien and indifferent universe. Likewise, not a few social critics, such as Carlyle and the Christian socialists, challenged the very bases of its more facile and materialistic optimism, even though they proclaimed their own different and unshakeable belief in the essential stability of society and their hope for the betterment through enlightened leadership of modern man, who, whatever his ills and errors, was far from obsolete. The Darwinian teaching of evolution could not readily be made to buttress man's earlier concept of human dignity. Indeed, it could not even give him assurance of the final superiority on earth of the hitherto highest produce of natural selection, however much it might, through false inference, support struggle itself as a means to improvement of men and societies. In England, the putative home of settled yet quietly progressive society, the great depression of the seventies and Jevons' disturbing analysis of the withering away of a primary basis of prosperity by the depletion of England's coal, raised some question as to the future span of economic advancement, and certainly suggested a probable deceleration. Before the period ended, too, J. A. Hobson and G. Lowes Dickinson had in their several ways questioned whether the order of Europe, and indeed the whole foundations of Western culture, were genuinely secure or permanent. The discovery of myth and of the irrational, and even the glorification of irrationality by Sorel and others, betokened or created uncertainty as to the democratic way of life, and a yearning to escape the nerve-racking tensions and the frustrations of patient reasonableness, though that search became frantic only with the first dropping of atomic bombs, when tensions became well-nigh unbearable. Nevertheless, the lack of confidence in the future, first of European culture, and then of man and his society generally, already constituted a major phenomenon in the realm of thought and opinion shortly after the close of the brief Edwardian age. The shock of the first World War, the disappointment of renewed hope as the League
A movement approach to the study of infant/caregiver communication during infant psychotherapy

Infant psychotherapy (also known as infant initiated activity), embodying a theory and technique which may enhance the quality of infant/caregiver interaction, is described. Case studies, employing effort/shape notation of infant/caregiver movement patterns to evaluate the presence of synchrony during activity sessions, are discussed. Implications for dance therapy research and clinical work are presented.
Enterocystoplasty 30-day outcomes from National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric 2012.

Abstract Introduction Enterocystoplasty is an important procedure in the management of children with difficult neurogenic bladder. We report on short-term complications as captured by National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Pediatric. Methods We analyzed NSQIP Pediatric 30-day perioperative data on 114 patients who underwent enterocystoplasty in 2012 and compared those with and without complications. Results Neurogenic bladder was the most common diagnosis. The proportion of the children who underwent two or more procedures was 71.9%, in addition to enterocystoplasty, most commonly appendicovesicostomy. Median length of hospital stay was 8days (mean 9.7days, range 2 to 46days). Thirty-day complication rate was 33.3%, and the most common complications were urinary tract infections (9.6%), wound complications (8.7%), blood transfusions (6.1%), and sepsis (3.5%). Reoperation rate and readmission rate were 9.6% and 13.2%, respectively. No statistically significant differences in perioperative characteristics were found between children with and without postoperative complications. Addition of appendicovesicostomy or bladder neck continence procedures was not associated with significantly increased complications. Conclusion Enterocystoplasty is associated with significant perioperative morbidity, and reasonable expectations should be set during preoperative counseling.
A case of infective endocarditis in a farmer caused by Streptococcus equinus

The following is a case report of a farmer with documented aortic valve disease who developed bacterial endocarditis secondary to Streptococcus equinus. This is a rare pathogen in man and its acquisition in this case may be related to the subject's occupation.
The first documented report of mountain sickness: The China or Headache Mountain story

This article gives the probable location within 65 km of the Big Headache Mountain where mountain sickness was first reported by Too Kin, a Chinese official, in 37-32 B.C. We believe that traveling over the western edge of the Himalayan Karakoram Range or in the Pamirs caused the major difficulties, probably when travelers crossed the Kilik Pass at an altitude of 4827 m or 15837 ft or within 60 km of this pass and at an altitude of at least 4500 m or 14750 ft. We theorize that the route Too Kin described is from Kashi, an important center in Sinkiang or Chinese Turkestan, to Kabul in Afghanistan. This particular route has two other altitude maxima; one at the Ulagh Rabat Pass in Sinkiang about 15 km west of the Muztagata peak where the elevation is 4250 m or 14000 ft, and the other at the Shandur Pass over the Hindu Kush in Pakistan where the elevation is 3734 m or 12250 ft.
Line strength measurements in the nu1-fundamental band of (N2-14)O-16 using a tunable diode laser

Abstract Absolute intensities of seven lines in the P-branch of the v1-fundamental band of 14N216O at 7.78 μm have been measured at 295 K using a tunable diode laser and the sweep-integration technique.
Learned and unlearned responses to stimulation of the same subcortical site

Abstract Cats were trained to use subcortical electrical stimulation as a discriminated stimulus to indicate the presence or absence of reward. Subcortical brain sites (caudate nucleus and ventrolateral nuclei of the thalamus) were selected for training because previous research had shown that stimulation of these sites would inhibit the bar pressing response. The learned response was shown to generalize only to comparable points in the contralateral nucleus and to nearby points in the same nucleus. No positive transfer of training to other subcortical or cortical stimulating sites was found. The learned response was shown to interact with the unlearned inhibitory response.
Distribution and biochemical characterization of the INO antigen during chick neural crest cell migration.

The INO (inhibitor of neurite outgrowth) antibody recognizes a laminin-heparan sulfate proteoglycan complex and was isolated for its ability to functionally inhibit axonal outgrowth of peripheral neurons. Here, we examine the distribution and biochemical characteristics of INO in the early chick embryo. Because the INO antigen is sensitive to most classical fixation procedures and fixation leads to abundant nuclear staining, the antibody was directly injected into 1.5–2.5-day-old embryos prior to fixation. The distribution of the injected antibody was then observed in cryostat sections by indirect immunofluorescence. Particular attention was focussed upon regions of ongoing neural crest cell migration. The INO antigen was observed along both cranial and trunk neural crest cell migratory pathways. The antigen was seen around the basement membrane surrounding the neural tube and notochord, and underneath the ectoderm and endoderm. In addition, fibrillar staining was observed in the cranial mesenchyme and in both rostral and caudal halves of the somitic sclerotome in the trunk. The distribution pattern was identical to that previously observed for laminin or heparan sulfate proteoglycan. To confirm the nature of the INO antigen, we performed immunoprecipitations of chick embryos ranging from 1.5 to 9 days of incubation. Half of each sample was digested with heparinase prior to SDS-PAGE and silver staining. In material from young embryos, bands of 200 and 180 kD (probably corresponding to the B-chains of laminin) plus two broad smears of bands at 180−150 kD and 130−85 kD were observed without heparinase digestion. Following enzymatic digestion, the 200-kD and 180-kD bands remained, while the smears disappeared and were replaced by numerous low-molecular-weight bands. In contrast to preparations from young embryos, samples taken from embryos at day 3 or beyond did not enter the 8% gel without heparinase digestion, though the banding pattern appeared identical to younger samples after heparinase digestion in the presence or absence of Ca^(2+). This change in the INO antigen with age could result from an increase in the heparin-side-chains attached to similar core proteins, or from an increase in the stability of the laminin-heparan sulfate proteoglycan containing complex with time.
Efficient barrier synchronization techniques and their applications in large-scale shared memory multiprocessors

Abstract Shared memory multiprocessors offer a relatively simple programming model and are suitable for a wide variety of parallel applications. Unfortunately, shared memory multiprocessors are not as scalable as distributed memory multiprocessors owing to memory and switch contentions that can result in the formation of hot spots. Spinning on synchronization variables appears to be the main culprit behind the formation of hot spots, affecting system scalability adversely. The purpose of this paper is to address the issue of performing barrier synchronization efficiently in large-scale shared memory multiprocessors. We propose a very simple design for a hardware barrier synchronizer that has the characteristics of what one would call an ideal barrier synchronizer. In particular, the proposed barrier synchronizer allows fast barrier synchronization without injecting spin traffic to create hot spots and can be reused as soon as it has completed a barrier synchronization. We also show that by augmenting this barrier synchronizer with a few gates, it can be used to perform dynamic barrier synchronization, where neither the number, nor the exact identity of processors participating in the barrier is known a priori. We will also show that a low-latency barrier synchronizer can be used not only for high-speed barrier synchronization but also, very profitably, for implementing software combining (allowing distributed hot spot accessing), for data and producer-consumer type synchronization and for the implementation of a variety of other useful applications. A high-speed barrier synchronizer can also be used to implement highly concurrent data structures and will also allow a MIMD (Multiple Instruction streams, Multiple Data streams) system to be effectively operated in a SIMD (Single Instruction stream, Multiple Data streams)-style mode, giving rise to a number of potential advantages. We use simulations to confirm that our proposed synchronizers and their applications outperform the existing barrier synchronization schemes.