cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional genomics of genes with small open reading frames (sORFs) in S. cerevisiae

Genes with small open reading frames (sORFs; <100 amino acids) represent an untapped source of important biology. sORFs largely escaped analysis because they were difficult to predict computationally and less likely to be targeted by genetic screens. Thus, the substantial number of sORFs and their potential importance have only recently become clear. To investigate sORF function, we undertook the first functional studies of sORFs in any system, using the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Based on independent experimental approaches and computational analyses, evidence exists for 299 sORFs in the S. cerevisiae genome, representing ∼5% of the annotated ORFs. We determined that a similar percentage of sORFs are annotated in other eukaryotes, including humans, and 184 of the S. cerevisiae sORFs exhibit similarity with ORFs in other organisms. To investigate sORF function, we constructed a collection of gene-deletion mutants of 140 newly identified sORFs, each of which contains a strain-specific “molecular barcode,” bringing the total number of sORF deletion strains to 247. Phenotypic analyses of the new gene-deletion strains identified 22 sORFs required for haploid growth, growth at high temperature, growth in the presence of a nonfermentable carbon source, or growth in the presence of DNA damage and replication-arrest agents. We provide a collection of sORF deletion strains that can be integrated into the existing deletion collection as a resource for the yeast community for elucidating gene function. Moreover, our analyses of the S. cerevisiae sORFs establish that sORFs are conserved across eukaryotes and have important biological functions.
ANTERIOR URETHRAL VALVES A Case Report

Anterior urethral valves are rare anomalies which cause obstructive uropathy in the lower urinary tract of young men. We discuss our illustrative case and review the English medical literature in order to analyze the clinicopathologic spectrum. We propose a hypothesis of embryology of this lesion and present guidelines for its management.
Combined use of chiral ionic liquid and cyclodextrin for MEKC: Part I. Simultaneous enantioseparation of anionic profens.

The enantiomers of five profen (PROF) drugs were simultaneously separated by MEKC with the combined use of 2, 3, 6-tri-O-methyl-β-cyclodextrin (TM-β-CD) and chiral cationic ionic liquid (IL), N-undecenoxy-carbonyl-L-leucinol bromide (L-UCLB), which formed micelles in aqueous buffers. Enantioseparations of these PROF drugs were optimized by varying the chain length and concentration of the IL surfactant using a standard recipe containing 35 mM TM-β-CD, 5 mM sodium acetate at pH 5.0. The batch-to-batch reproducibility of L-UCLB was tested and found to have no significant impact in terms of enantiomeric resolution, efficiency and migration time. Finally, this method was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of ibuprofen in pharmaceutical tablets.
An analysis of deconvolution: Modeling reflectivity by fractionally integrated noise

Reflection coefficients are observed in nature to have stochastic behavior that departs significantly from the white‐noise model. Conventional deconvolution methods, however, assume reflectivity to be a white‐noise process. In this paper we analyze the deconvolution process, study the implications of the assumption of white noise, and show that the conventional operator can recover only the white component of reflectivity. A new stochastic model, fractionally integrated noise, is proposed for modeling reflectivity—a model that more closely approximates its spectral character and that encompasses white noise as a special case. We discuss different techniques to generalize the conventional deconvolution method based on the new model in order to handle reflectivity that is not white and compare the results of the conventional and generalized filters using data derived from well logs.
Developmental Changes in β-Adrenergic Modulation of L-Type Ca2+ Channels in Embryonic Mouse Heart

Abstract In the adult mammalian myocardium, cellular Ca2+ entry is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system. L-type Ca2+ channel currents are markedly increased by β-adrenergic (β-A) agonists, which contribute to changes in pacing and contractile activity of the heart. In the developing mammalian heart, the regulation of Ca2+ entry by this enzyme cascade has not been clearly established, because changes in receptor density and coupling to downstream elements of the signaling cascade are known to occur during embryogenesis. In this study, we systematically investigated the regulation of L-type Ca2+ channel currents during development of the murine embryonic heart. We used conventional whole-cell and perforated-patch–clamp procedures to study modulation of L-type Ca2+ channel currents and to assay functional activity of distinct steps in the β-A signaling cascade in murine embryonic myocytes at different stages of gestation. Our data indicate that L-type Ca2+ channels in early-stage (day-11 to -13) myocytes are unresponsive to either isoproterenol or cAMP. L-type Ca2+ channels in late-stage (day-17 to -19) murine myocytes, however, exhibit responses to isoproterenol and cAMP similar to responses in adult cells, providing evidence that the β-A cascade becomes functionally active during this period of embryonic development. We found that L-type Ca2+ channel activity in early-stage cells is increased by cell dialysis with the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cA-PK) and that dialysis of early-stage cells with the holoenzyme of cA-PK restores functional responses to forskolin and cAMP, but not to isoproterenol. Our results provide strong evidence that a key factor in the early-stage insensitivity of L-type Ca2+ channels to cAMP is the absence, or low expression level, of the holoenzyme of cA-PK but that in addition, another element in the signaling cascade upstream from adenylate cyclase is expressed at a nonfunctional level or is uncoupled from the cascade and thus contributes to L-type Ca2+ channel insensitivity to β-A agonists in early stages of the developing murine heart.
Similarities in features of autism and asthma and a possible link to acetaminophen use

Autism and autism spectrum disorders are enigmatic conditions that have their origins in the interaction of genes and environmental factors. In this hypothesis, genes statistically associated with autism are emphasized to be important in inflammation and in innate immune pathways, including pathways for susceptibility to asthma. The role of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in an increased risk for asthma is described and a possible similar link to an increased risk for autism is suggested.
Testing for differentiation of microbial communities using phylogenetic methods: accounting for uncertainty of phylogenetic inference and character state mapping.

Comparative analyses of microbial communities increasingly involve the assay of 16S rRNA (or other gene) sequences from environmental DNA. Determining whether the composition of two or more communities differ in their phylogenetic composition involves testing for covariation between phylogeny and community type. This approach requires estimating the phylogenetic relationships among all sampled sequences and assessing whether the distribution of sequences among communities differs from the null expectation that sequences are randomly distributed. One method developed for implementing the phylogeny-based test of differentiation, referred to as the Phylogenetic test, relies on a single estimate of the phylogeny. However, for most data sets, many alternative phylogenetic trees provide statistically equivalent descriptions of the data. Because the actual phylogeny is unknown, phylogenetic tests of differentiation among microbial communities must account for phylogenetic uncertainty. In this article, we evaluate bootstrapping and Bayesian phylogenetic methods when implementing the Phylogenetic test using parsimony to map character states, and we investigate the effects of character mapping uncertainty by using a Bayesian approach to stochastically map character states on trees. Our approaches incorporate uncertainty into the tests of two closely related null hypotheses: (1) populations are panmictic, and (2) identical communites existed in both environments over the course of evolutionary history. We use two data sets previously implemented in tests for community differentiation: nitrite reductase genes sampled from marsh and upland soils and 16S rDNA sequences sampled from the human mouth and gut. We show that accounting for phylogenetic and mapping uncertainties can drastically affect results when implementing the Phylogenetic test. Accounting for phylogenetic and character mapping uncertainty provides a more conservative and robust test of covariation between phylogeny and environment when comparing microbial communities using DNA sequences.
Microscopic chorionic pseudocysts in placental membranes: a histologic lesion of in utero hypoxia

Grossly apparent and microscopically intermediate trophoblast-lined subchorionic, septal, and cell island cysts are relatively common placental findings. To analyze the clinicopathologic correlations of histologically similar but grossly inapparent microscopic chorionic pseudocysts (lakes) arising in the chorion laeve of placental membranes (mccpm), selected placental and clinical parameters of all 172 consecutive placentas with mccpm (study group, sg) and all consecutive 3743 placentas without mccpm (comparative group, cg) from years 1994 through 2005 were statistically compared; mccpm were observed in 4.3% of all placentas and in 14.9% of placentas from preeclamptic mothers from 24- to 42-week pregnancies, their gestational weeks' distribution almost mirroring that of the distribution of preeclampsia, with a peak in the middle of the 3rd trimester. Microscopic chorionic pseudocysts (lakes) arising in the chorion laeve of placental membranes were statistically significantly more common in patients with preeclampsia and maternal diabetes mellitus. In placentas with mccpm, decidual arteriolopathy, homogeneous placental maturation, global hypoxic pattern of placental injury, chorangiosis, placental infarction, laminar necrosis of membranes, stem obliterative endarteritis, erythroblasts of fetal blood, and decidual hemosiderosis were statistically significantly more common, while acute chorioamnionitis, villous fibrosis, and villous edema were less common (P < or = 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between sg and cg in meconium staining, retroplacental hematoma, perivillous fibrin deposition, intervillous thrombi, chronic villitis, chorangiomas, placenta accreta, amnion nodosum, and marginate/vallate placenta. Highly statistically significant associations of mccpm with preeclampsia and a cluster of placental lesions known to be linked to placental hypoxia indicate that the mccpm form in response to hypoxia, particularly in patients with preeclampsia; mccpm should therefore be regarded and reported as a hypoxia-associated placental lesion.
Teacher efficacy: capturing an elusive construct

Abstract Teacher efficacy has proved to be powerfully related to many meaningful educational outcomes such as teachers’ persistence, enthusiasm, commitment and instructional behavior, as well as student outcomes such as achievement, motivation, and self-efficacy beliefs. However, persistent measurement problems have plagued those who have sought to study teacher efficacy. We review many of the major measures that have been used to capture the construct, noting problems that have arisen with each. We then propose a promising new measure of teacher efficacy along with validity and reliability data from three separate studies. Finally, new directions for research made possible by this instrument are explored.
Social Structural and Psychological Correlates of Interethnic Dating

This study is designed to: (a) describe current interethnic dating behavior and related attitudes among southern Californians; and (b) examine social structural and psychological correlates of interethnic dating. Data were derived from a telephone survey conducted with a probability sample of African American, Latino and white residents of southern California. lnterethnic dating was reported by over half of all ethnic groups and both sexes and more frequently among men. Most reported that family members knew of their behavior and few families objected, although white women were most likely to report family criticism. Whites and Latinos who admitted to exclusions for intermarriage were most likely to exclude blacks, and black women and Latinas were most likely to exclude Asians. Logistic regression analyses indicated that interethnic dating was associated with being male, younger, having more education, being less lonely, the perception of having more mating opportunities and being African American or Lati...
Millimeter-Scale, MEMS Gas Turbine Engines

The confluence of market demand for greatly improved compact power sources for portable electronics with the rapidly expanding capability of micromachining technology has made feasible the development of gas turbines in the millimeter-size range. With airfoil spans measured in 100’s of microns rather than meters, these “microengines” have about 1 millionth the air flow of large gas turbines and thus should produce about 1 millionth the power, 10-100 W. Based on semiconductor industry-derived processing of materials such as silicon and silicon carbide to submicron accuracy, such devices are known as micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). Current millimeter-scale designs use centrifugal turbomachinery with pressure ratios in the range of 2:1 to 4:1 and turbine inlet temperatures of 1200-1600 K. The projected performance of these engines are on a par with gas turbines of the 1940’s. The thermodynamics of MEMS gas turbines are the same as those for large engines but the mechanics differ due to scaling considerations and manufacturing constraints. The principal challenge is to arrive at a design which meets the thermodynamic and component functional requirements while staying within the realm of realizable micromachining technology. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of millimeter-size gas turbine engines, including system design and integration, manufacturing, materials, component design, accessories, applications, and economics. It discusses the underlying technical issues, reviews current design approaches, and discusses future development and applications.
A happy doctor's escape from narrative: reflection in Saturday

The humanities have, in their application to medicine, become almost synonymous with narrative. When medical education turned to ‘reflection’ as a means to nurture coherent and ethical professional identity, interventions tended to take narrative as their primary form. Even while promoting ‘mindfulness’ as complete engagement in the present moment, proponents of reflection sometimes subsume reflection under the category ‘narrative’. The author offers a reading of Ian McEwan9s novel Saturday , the account of the thoughts of a London surgeon over the course of one day, attending to the novel9s reflective and lyrical as well as its narrative passages, in order to suggest that, rather than grouping the various forms that constitute ‘literature’ into a single instrumental method for producing more professional and ethical doctors, it might be valuable to attend to the various modes that constitute literary discourse, of which narrative is only one.
Role of Bacteriophage MAV1 as a Mycoplasmal Virulence Factor for the Development of Arthritis in Mice and Rats

The lysogenic bacteriophage MAV1 has been shown to be a virulence factor for the development of arthritis in rats infected with Mycoplasma arthritidis. In the present study, arthritis was evaluated by histopathologic examination to demonstrate that MAV1 is a virulence factor not only in the rat but also in the mouse. Specifically, the MAV1 lysogen 158L3-1 was more virulent than the nonlysogen strain 158 in DBA/2NCr, C3H/HeNCr, C3H/HeJ, and C3Smn.CB17-Prkdc scid /J mice, as well as in LEW rats.
Accounting for electric double layer and pressure gradient-induced dispersion effects in microfluidic current monitoring

Current monitoring (CM) is a common experimental method to determine the zeta potential of a microfluidic channel. Dissimilar solution concentrations and finite electric double layers (EDLs) cause deviations to typical CM curves, diminishing the utility of such a method. Here, we theoretically and experimentally investigate these effects, simulating the full time-dependent Navier–Stokes equation coupled with the Poisson–Boltzmann distribution for small ions and dilute systems and validating with experiments in both micro- and nanochannels. We find that current monitoring in finite EDL nanochannel systems and small concentration ratios can be approximated with a simple function, predicting ζ-potential to within 10 % even when the surface charge is unknown. However, as the concentrations used become more and more dissimilar, dispersion due to induced pressure gradients greatly affects the shapes of the current monitoring curves. We show that typical microchannel and nanochannel experiments can easily span a wide range of dispersion regimes, from pure axial diffusion to pure convective dispersion. We explain the shapes of the curves based on the regime of dispersion and give practical guidelines for CM with high-concentration ratios.
Do gestures follow speech in bilinguals’ description of motion?*

When do the gestures do and do not follow the patterns of the language one speaks? We examined this question by studying 10 Turkish-English bilingual adults (Turkish as L1) in comparison to 10 monolingual English and 10 monolingual Turkish adults as they described motion events either in speech with gesture (co-speech gesture) or only in gesture without speech (silent gesture). All speakers – monolingual and bilingual – showed cross-linguistic differences in co-speech gesture but not in silent gesture. Moreover, bilinguals followed L1 co-speech gesture patterns even when speaking L2, suggesting that acquisition of native-like gesture patterns does not co-occur with the acquisition of native-like speech patterns in bilinguals.
Pediatric Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Affected infants and children usually present with various clinical manifestations and imaging evaluation is often essential for early and accurate diagnosis. However, due to the inherent complexity of cardiovascular disease particularly in pediatric patients, imaging assessment continues to be a challenge for many radiologists. Therefore, the overarching goal of this chapter is to review the current imaging algorithm and techniques as well as the characteristic imaging appearance of some of the more commonly encountered congenital cardiovascular diseases in the pediatric population. Clear knowledge of underlying etiologies and their characteristic imaging appearances of pediatric cardiovascular diseases can help radiologists avoid potential pitfalls and render a more timely and accurate diagnosis.
Presidential Immunity from Criminal Process: Amateur Hour at the Department of Justice

This article reviews the constitutional question of presidential immunity from criminal process in light of decisionmaking during Watergate and the Clinton crisis. I first examine all of the significant argumentation on the immunity issue during Watergate. In particular, I highlight a previously unknown 1973 memo arguing in favor of immunity by Robert Dixon, then head of the Office of Legal Counsel in the Department of Justice. I provide my own structural arguments in favor of immunity and answer common objections. I then turn to the implementation of the DOJ policy on immunity during the Clinton crisis. I argue that Attorney General Reno should have considered the issue of immunity in January 1998 during her deliberations over whether to assign the Lewinsky matter to independent counsel Kenneth Starr. Considerations of constitutional law and DOJ policy should have led Reno to assign the Lewinsky matter to Congress. I argue that a referral to Congress would have been in the public interest and the interest of both political parties. Attorney General Reno's blunder therefore had much to do with how the Clinton crisis played out.
Organizational problems faced by the Missouri DOH in providing disaster relief during the 1993 floods.

This case study examines the organizational problems of Missouri Department of Health (DOH) while providing flood relief in 1993. It reveals low awareness of DOH's emergency plan, disorganized information collection, and perceptions that federal flood relief was "resource-driven," not "need-driven." Lessons for other health departments are (1) Information collection during disasters should be centralized. (2) Health departments should train district offices to carry out their emergency plan, and include local health departments in emergency planning. (3) Federal and state agencies providing emergency aid should be sensitive to the needs of district and local health departments. Language: en
What Parents Want: Does Provider Knowledge of Written Parental Expectations Improve Satisfaction in the Emergency Department?

Abstract Objective Satisfaction is an important measure of care quality. Interventions to improve satisfaction in the pediatric emergency department (ED) are limited, especially for patients with nonurgent conditions. Our objective was to determine if clinician knowledge of written parental expectations improves parental satisfaction for nonurgent ED visits. Methods This randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary-care pediatric ED. Parents of children presenting for nonurgent visits (Emergency Severity Index level 4 or 5) were randomized into 3 groups: 1) the intervention group completed an expectation survey on arrival, which was reviewed by the clinician, 2) the control group completed the expectation survey, which was not reviewed, and 3) the baseline group did not complete an expectation survey. At ED disposition, all groups completed a 3-item satisfaction survey, scored using 5-point Likert scales (1 = very poor, 5 = very good). The primary outcome was rating of "overall care." Secondary outcomes included likelihood of recommending the ED and staff sensitivity to concerns. Proportions were compared by chi-square test. Results A total of 304 subjects were enrolled. The proportion of parents rating 5 of 5 for overall care did not differ among the baseline, control, and intervention groups (74.8% vs 73.2% vs 69.2%, P = .56). The proportion of parents rating 5 of 5 also did not differ for likelihood of recommending the ED (77.7% vs 72.2% vs 70.2%, P = .45) or staff sensitivity to concerns (78.6% vs 78.4% vs 78.8%, P = .71). Conclusions For nonurgent pediatric ED visits, clinician knowledge of written parental expectations does not improve parental satisfaction.
Further Evaluation of the Displacement of Leisure Items by Food During Stimulus Preference Assessments with Children with Autism

The present study evaluates the extent to which food stimuli displace leisure stimuli when they are combined in stimulus preference assessments. Four children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder participated in the study. Multiple-stimulus without replacement preference assessments were given both before and after meals for five consecutive days. Food reliably displaced leisure items for 2 of 4 participants. For one of the participants, leisure items reliably displaced food items, while another participant had mixed results. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Propagation and renewal characteristics of loquat germplasm

Loquat growth characteristics were observed under same planting conditions using the root stock of Jiefangzhong.Grafting survival rate,seedling rate,graft growth volume and number of branches were recorded.The result showed that:(1) All growth characteristics were significantly different among the 255 germplasms with the coefficients of variance ranging from 15.07% to 28.45%.Very significant correlations existed between the grafting survival rate and the seedling rate(correlation coefficient=0.4221),growth volume of graft(correlation coefficient = 0.3299) and number of branches(correlation coefficient = 0.2837).(2) The growth volume of graft of the loquat germplasm from Yunnan was the largest,significantly larger than those from New Zealand,Jiangsu,Japan,Fujian and Hubei.The numbers of branches were significantly different among all samples,with those came from Sichuan to be the highest and those from Guangxi the lowest.(3) The graft growth volume of the wild loquat was very significantly larger than that of the cultivated loquat.And,(4) all growth characteristics of the polyploid loquat were very significantly poorer than the diploid loquat.The results provided a basis for the resource preservation and utilization of loquat germplasm.
Case Report: Diabetic Gastroparesis, Immense Weight Loss and Diarrhea Without Steatorrhea

ABSTRACT Patients with diabetes mellitus may have gastrointestinal complications of gastroparesis diabeticorum, bacterial overgrowth and/or diabetic diarrhea. Patients with diabetic diarrhea thought to be secondary to diabetic neuropathy usually have ten to 30 stools/day, with large volumes of more than 200 g/day, but weight loss is distinctly unusual. Gastroporesis diabeticorum may have weight loss associated with its gastric dilation and retention of food if vomiting is present. A woman with both gastroparesis diabeticorum, diabetic diarrhea, and, in addition, possible bacterial overgrowth who had a marked weight loss of 52 pounds without any vomiting is described. This patient, who had a normal fecal fat excretion and negative stools for bacteria, ova, and parasites, did respond to tetracycline each time her diarrhea reappeared after several diarrhea-free months in a 3-year follow-up. Metoclopramide did not help this patient and may have contributed to worsening her diarrhea. Thus, even if bacterial overgrowth cannot be documented by quantitative bacterial cultures of intestinal contents, a trial of antibiotics appears reasonable when other causes of diarrhea have been ruled out in diabetics. This treatment allowed the patient to regain weight she had lost.
Conversational Dominance as a Function of Gender and Expertise

ABSTRACT The study examines how gender and expertise, as bases of power, influenced the emergence of dominance and control in the conversations of 70 pairs of unacquainted college students who discussed television programming for approximately 10 minutes. Independent variables were sex composition of pairs (male-male, female-female, male-female) and expertise (partners equally uninformed or one specially informed). Typed transcripts of the openings and closings of conversations were used to obtain the following language measures: relative talkativeness, relative production of intrusions into speech, interruptions and overlaps, relative production of varying assent forms. “Powerful” persons (men and experts) were expected to talk more and intrude more than “powerless” persons (women and non-experts). “Powerless” persons were expected to do relatively more assenting or supportive work in conversation. To examine whether “powerless” language features relate to other indices of power, independent judges used opening and closing transcripts to rate subjects on measures reflecting conversational control. Subjects' own ratings of relative dominance were also taken. In general the interaction of gender and expertise (and not the single factors of being male or being expert) accounted for the major proportion of findings. There was a correspondence across three classes of measures (language features, objective judges' and participants' perceptual ratings) which suggest how male, but not female, experts realised power in conversation. Results for talkativeness and for assent terms supported the view that male experts pursue a style of interacting based on power, while female experts pursue a style based upon solidarity and support. Complex findings for intrusions into speech highlighted the importance of incorporating situational and contextual elements into an understanding of the relations between linguistic form to social function.
Contention Resolution on Multiple Channels with Collision Detection

In this paper, we consider the classical contention resolution problem in which an unknown subset of n possible nodes are activated and connected to a shared channel. The problem is solved in the first round that an active node transmits alone (thus breaking symmetry). Contention resolution has been an active research topic for over four decades. Accordingly, tight upper and lower bounds are known for most major model assumptions. There remains, however, an important case that is unresolved: contention resolution with multiple channels and collision detection. (Tight bounds are known for contention resolution with multiple channels, and contention resolution with collision detection, but not for the combination of both assumptions.)Recent work proved the first non-trivial lower bound for randomized solutions to this problem in this setting. The optimality of this lower bound was left an open question. In this paper, we answer this open question by describing and analyzing new contention resolution algorithms that match, or come within a log\log\logn factor of matching, this bound for all relevant parameters. By doing so, we help advance our understanding of an important longstanding problem. Of equal importance, our solutions introduce a novel new technique in which we leverage a distributed structure we call coalescing cohorts to simulate a well-known parallel search strategy from the structured PRAM CREW model in our unstructured distributed model. We conjecture that this approach is relevant to many problems in the increasingly important setting of distributed computation using multiple shared channels.
Three new species of Cumacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) from Costa Rica

Three new species of Cumacea are described from Costa Rican coastal waters. The bodotriids, Cyclaspys breedyae n. sp. and Cyclaspis vargasae n. sp., occurred on the Pacific coast, and the nannastacid, Cumella spinifera n. sp., came from a shallow back reef habitat of the Caribbean coast. Cyclaspis breedyae n. sp., which was collected from shallow water (1 1.5 m) at a beach just north of Puerto Caldera, has affinities with Cyclaspis varians Calman, 1912 from the northwestern Atlantic; it differs by having a carapace with fewer (usually 4), but larger, dorsal spines behind the ocular lobe and by having the pseudorostrum not extending beyond the ocular lobe. Cyclaspis vargasae n. sp., which was collected at a depth of 35 m off San Jos Island on the northwest coast, has some similarities with western Atlantic species, Cyclaspis alba Roccatagliata & Moreira 1986 and C. variabilis Roccatagliata & Moreira, 1986, but it differs from these species by having a carapace with oblique dorsal crests and a lateral ridge running anteriorly from the posteroventral margin of the carapace to just above the antennal notch. Cumella spinifera n. sp. was collected on the Caribbean coast at Puerto Vargas and has its closest affinities with C. zimmeri Petrescu, Iliffe, & Sarbu, 1994, known from shallow Caribbean waters off Jamaica. It is distinguished from the Jamaican species by several characters, including having the female carapace with more dorsal spines (10 verses 3 on the carapace of C. zimmeri) and being more dorsally pronounced with a papulate integument.
Mixed mode S-parameters characterization using two-tier calibration method up to 40 GHz

As data rates increase, it is necessary to de-embed the effects of structures between the device-under-test (DUT) and the probe tips to accurately characterize the DUT. This work proposes that once a 4-port device is measured using off-wafer calibration, numerical post-processing of the measured data via a second-tier calibration, such as multiline TRL, can remove end-effects and set the reference planes to the front of DUT. When the mode conversion is weak, the method can be applied separately to the measured differential and common mode S-parameters and it is reduced to the 2-port multiline TRL method. Its effectiveness is demonstrated through numerical validation and measurement data.
E-001 Comparison of Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Anterior Circulation Acute Ischemic Strokes Treated with Mechanical Thrombectomy using the ADAPT Technique Only versus ADAPT with Solumbra Salvage

Purpose To compare procedural and clinical outcomes in patients with anterior circulation acute ischemic strokes treated with mechanical thrombectomy using ADAPT technique only or ADAPT with Solumbra salvage. Materials and methods We restrospectively reviewed a consecutive cohort of patients with anterior circulation acute ischemic strokes treated with mechanical thrombectomy using ADAPT technique only or ADAPT with Solumbra salvage at our institution between March 11th, 2013 and December 31st, 2015. Baseline clinical and radiological characteristics and procedural variables were recorded. Clinical outcomes at 90 days were recorded using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results Fifty-nine patients were included, 33 male (56%). Mean age 67.1 years, mean admission NIHSS 19.1. Forty-six patients were treated with ADAPT only (78%) and 13 with ADAPT with Solumbra salvage (22%). Table 1 summarizes baseline clinical and radiological characteristics. There was a trend towards a higher proportion of patients with ICA terminus thrombi in the ADAPT with Solumbra salvage group (69.2%, p-value 0.054). Table 2 summarizes the procedural variables. There was a significantly-lower mean time from puncture to reperfusion in the ADAPT only group (29.5 minutes) compared to the ADAPT with Solumbra salvage group (85.1 minutes, p-value Conclusion Among patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy using an ADAPT-first approach, those requiring Solumbra salvage had significantly-higher rates of unfavorable clinical outcome and death at 90 days. Disclosures J. Delgado Almandoz: 2; C; Medtronic Neurovascular, Penumbra, Inc. Y. Kayan: 2; C; Medtronic Neurovascular, Penumbra, Inc. M. Young: None. J. Fease: None. J. Scholz: None. A. Milner: None. P. Roohani: None. T. Hehr: None. M. Mulder: None. R. Tarrel: None.
Prompting meaningful analysis from pre-service teachers using elementary mathematics video vignettes

Abstract Learning from video is a theoretically grounded and popular professional development activity. In online professional development communities, however, responses to video are often shallow and lack meaningful commentary about issues that surround teaching and learning mathematics. By altering the framing conditions that accompany video clips posted to the Everyday Mathematics Virtual Learning Community, this study examined whether more deeply analytical comments could be elicited from pre-service teachers. Findings highlight the malleability of pre-service teachers' commentary, as their levels of analysis varied in relation to manipulations of perceived audience (expert or peer) and focus requested (on students, the teacher, or unspecified).
Overexpression of CXCR4 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Predicts Adverse Overall and Progression-Free Survival Independently of FLT3 Gene Mutation.

Abstract CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is reported to correlate with FLT3 gene mutation and poorer prognosis. We analyzed the prognostic significance of CXCR4 expression in 122 AML patients with diploid karyotype and no evidence of FLT3 gene mutation treated at our institution between 1997 and 2003. All patients received intensive chemotherapy according to institutional protocols; 84% received cytarabine-containing regimens. Bone marrow biopsy specimens obtained at diagnosis from untreated patients were immunostained with an antibody specific for CXCR4 (Abcam, clone 2074; Cambridge, MA). Statistical analysis included the following variables: CXCR4 expression, age, sex, race, incorporation of cytarabine in the therapeutic regimen, presence of multilineage dysplasia, history of antecedent hematologic disorder, history of prior chemotherapy (for either hematological or non-hematological disorder), performance status, leukocytosis, hemoglobin, platelet count, bilirubin, and creatinine. There were 70 men and 52 women with a median age of 62 years (range, 22–82 years). Median follow-up was 18 months (range, Download : Download high-res image (79KB) Download : Download full-size image Shorter OS was also associated with failure to achieve CR (p= In multivariate analysis, shorter OS was associated with CXCR4 expression (p=0.047), age (p=0.029), presence of multilineage dysplasia (p=0.042), and high creatinine level (p=0.016). Shorter DFS was associated with CXCR4 expression (p=0.036), history of prior chemotherapy (p=0.044), presence of multilineage dysplasia (p=0.007), and high creatinine level (p=0.034). These results suggest that CXCR4 expression is associated with poor prognosis in AML patients and is independent of FLT3 gene mutation.
A Fleet of Mediterranean Border Humanitarians

EUrope has created a space of human suffering within which military-humanitarian measures seem urgently required if the mass drowning is to be halted. The framing of migration governance as humanitarian has become commonplace in spectacular border practices in the Mediterranean Sea. Nonetheless, maritime disasters continue to unfold. This article discusses three non-governmental actors, part of an emerging “humanitarian fleet” that seeks to turn the sea into a less deadly space: the Migrant Offshore Aid Station, Medecins Sans Frontieres, and Sea-Watch. While the rescue of precarious lives and the alleviation of suffering are central concerns, they imagine their humanitarian practices, the subjects of their compassion, and EUrope's role in shaping borderzones in different ways, pointing to a wide humanitarian spectrum. Engaging with the different discursive frames created by the three “border humanitarians”, the article explores what possibilities exist for political dissent to emanate from within humanitarian reason.
Determinants of organizational performance in a reinventing government setting: evidence from the Milwaukee school voucher programme

ABSTRACTThis paper advances the institutional entrepreneurial literature by exploring how, and when, the institutional entrepreneurial concepts embedded in theories of Reinventing Government and New Public Management are successful. Specifically, organizational level data from the nation’s oldest and largest urban school voucher programme are used to test how fundraising, reliance on government revenue, and membership in an umbrella organization impact different measures of performance. The analysis shows that organizations that fundraise, establish diverse revenue streams, and/or are members of established networks have certain performance advantages. The results are relevant to policymaker considering governance reforms premised on entrepreneurial activity.
Abstract IA04: Control of cell senescence by cancer-associated protein HuR and target noncoding RNAs

Senescent cells accumulate in aging tissues, and their metabolic and gene expression profiles are linked to cancer and other age-associated pathologies. Our recent studies have focused on the cancer-associated RNA-binding protein HuR [1], a suppressor of senescence, and its interaction with different classes of noncoding RNAs—long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). I discuss the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes that HuR forms with several noncoding RNAs that influence protein abundance and modulate the senescent phenotype. HuR association with lncRNAs such as LINCP21 suppresses the translation of select mRNAs [2], its interaction with lncRNA HOTAIR promotes the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of select proteins [3], and its association with RMRP enhances mitochondrial homeostasis [4], while its competition with 7SL modulates TP53 mRNA translation [5]. Likewise, HuR can bind microRNAs like let-7, which can function as tumor suppressors [6], modulating their availability to repress mRNAs bearing let-7 sites. Finally, our ongoing studies show that HuR can also bind circRNAs, an interaction that reduces the expression of select proliferative proteins and reduces cell division. In summary, HuR is well known for regulating target mRNAs encoding proteins that modulate cancer traits [1], but growing evidence indicates that HuR also regulates many target noncoding RNAs that govern protein expression patterns affecting growth arrest and cell senescence. References: [1] Abdelmohsen and Gorospe, WIRES RNA 2010 [2] Yoon et al., Mol Cell, 2012 [3] Yoon et al., Nat Commun, 2013 [4] Noh et al., Genes Dev, 2016 [5] Abdelmohsen et al., Nucleic Acids Res, 2014 [6] Yoon et al., Genes Dev 2015 Citation Format: Kotb Abdelmohsen, Amaresh C. Panda, Ioannis Grammatikakis, Ji Heon Noh, Myriam Gorospe. Control of cell senescence by cancer-associated protein HuR and target noncoding RNAs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Translational Control of Cancer: A New Frontier in Cancer Biology and Therapy; 2016 Oct 27-30; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA04.
Journalistic Change in an Online Age: Disaggregating Visibility, Legitimacy, and Revenue

Understanding the complexity of journalistic change in the emerging media environment requires attention to economic, technological, and cultural aspects without privileging one to the exclusion of the others. To engage each of these aspects both individually and simultaneously, this essay introduces an analytical approach to journalistic change that disaggregates journalism into three distinct yet overlapping characteristics pertaining to journalism as a public activity: visibility, legitimacy, and revenue. These characteristics, once tightly interlinked in the mass media era, now necessitate careful attention as distinct attributes whose correspondence cannot be assured. Evolving media production and distribution technologies increasingly alter the conditions of visibility, legitimacy, and revenue for news. This essay argues that furthering an understanding of the emerging news ecology requires sustained attention to such differences through a conceptual lens capable of assessing change diachronically and variety synchronically. Ultimately, this perspective helps make sense of the heterogeneous journalistic environment.
Tell Me the Truth and I Will Not Be Harmed: Informed Consents and Nocebo Effects

The authors of the article entitled “When Respecting Autonomy Is Harmful: A Clinically Useful Approach to the Nocebo Effect” raised the issue of symptoms worsening as a consequence of informing pat...
Toxin-antitoxin systems mqsR/ygiT and dinJ/relE of Xylella fastidiosa

Abstract Xylella fastidiosa encodes multiple toxin-antitoxin systems, including dinJ/relE and mqsR/ygiT. Phylogenetic analyses indicate these two toxin-antitoxin systems have distinct evolutionary histories. Comparisons among X. fastidiosa subspecies/strains reveal toxin-antitoxin systems are often embedded in prophage sequences, suggesting acquisition via horizontal transfer. Tagged proteins of both toxin-antitoxin systems were over-expressed, purified, and evaluated for activity. Toxins MqsR and RelE are ribonucleases. MqsR cleaved at G▲CU and G▲CC; RelE lacked specificity in vitro. YgiT and DinJ antitoxins inhibit activity of the cognate toxin by direct binding. Single (toxin or antitoxin) and double (toxin and antitoxin) knock-out mutants were constructed in X. fastidiosa strain Temecula. Both antitoxin mutants displayed reduced planktonic cell density relative to wild type. The dinJ− mutant produced less biofilm, whereas the ygiT− mutant produced more biofilm, relative to wild type. Planktonic cell density of both toxin mutants was unaffected, with biofilm reduced slightly. Planktonic cell density and biofilm formation of double mutants were similar to wild type. However, viable cell counts for planktonic cells and biofilm of double mutants were more than one order of magnitude greater than wild type. Collectively, the results indicate that dinJ/relE and mqsR/ygiT are functional toxin-antitoxin systems and likely play different roles in regulation of X. fastidiosa population levels.
Association between kinesiophobia and walking gait characteristics in physically active individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Abstract Background Individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) demonstrate persistent alterations in walking gait characteristics that contribute to poor long-term outcomes. Higher kinesiophobia, or fear of movement/re-injury, may result in the avoidance of movements that increase loading on the ACLR limb. Research Question Determine the association between kinesiophobia and walking gait characteristics in physically active individuals with ACLR. Methods We enrolled thirty participants with a history of unilateral ACLR (49.35 ± 27.29 months following ACLR) into this cross-sectional study. We used the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) to measure kinesiophobia. We collected walking gait characteristics during a 60-s walking trial, which included gait speed, peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), instantaneous vGRF loading rate, peak internal knee extension moment (KEM), and knee flexion excursion. We calculated lower extremity kinetic and kinematic measures on the ACLR limb, and limb symmetry indices between ACLR and contralateral limbs (LSI= [ACLR/contralateral]*100). We used linear regression models to determine the association between TSK-11 score and each walking gait characteristic. We determined the change in R2 (ΔR2) when adding TSK-11 scores into the linear regression model after accounting for demographic covariates (sex, Tegner activity score, graft type, time since reconstruction, history of concomitant meniscal procedure). Results We did not find a significant association between kinesiophobia and self-selected gait speed (ΔR2 0.038, P = 0.319). Kinesiophobia demonstrated weak, non-significant associations with kinetic and kinematic outcomes on the ACLR limb and all LSI outcomes (ΔR2 range = 0.001–0.098). Significance These data do not support that kinesiophobia is a critical factor contributing to walking gait characteristics in physically active individuals with ACLR.