cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selective Nonoperative Management of Abdominal Shotgun Wounds.

Abstract Background Selective nonoperative management (SNOM) of abdominal gunshot wounds (GSWs) has not been specifically examined after shotgun injuries. Because of the unpredictable nature of shotgun pellets, it is unclear if SNOM after shotgun wounds is safe. The study objective was to examine outcomes after SNOM for shotgun wounds to the abdomen. Methods Patients with isolated abdominal shotgun wounds were identified from the National Trauma Data Bank (2007-2017). Transfers, arrival without signs of life, death in the emergency department, severe (Abbreviated Injury Scale ≥3) extra-abdominal injuries, abdominal Abbreviated Injury Scale = 6, and missing data were exclusion criteria. Patients with abdominal handgun wounds (GSWs) were used for comparison. Study groups of shotgun-injured patients were defined by management strategy: operative management (OM) (exploratory laparotomy ≤4h) versus SNOM (no exploratory laparotomy ≤4h). Outcomes were compared by mechanism of injury (shotgun versus GSW) and management strategy (OM versus SNOM) using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results After exclusions, 1425 patients injured by abdominal shotgun wounds were included. Shotgun-injured patients underwent SNOM more frequently than GSW patients (42% versus 34%, P Conclusions SNOM was utilized more commonly after shotgun wounds than GSWs. However, SNOM was more likely to fail after shotgun injury and tended to occur earlier after admission. SNOM after shotgun injury was associated with improved mortality and decreased complication rates when compared with OM, even when patients failed SNOM. SNOM appears to be a safe and beneficial management strategy after shotgun wounds to the abdomen.
Toward In Situ Synchrotron Mapping of Crystal Selection Processes during Crystal Growth

Here, we present an automated and rapid method for nondestructive mapping of crystal grains in a rod-shaped sample. The approach was designed for application to in situ float-zone crystal growth ex...
Psychophysics-Based Cognitive Reinforcement Learning to Optimize Human-Robot Interaction in Power-Assisted Object Manipulation

This paper introduces a novel method of inclusion of human cognition in the form of weight perception in the dynamics and control of a power assist robotic system (PARS) for object manipulation. A 1-DOF test-bed PARS is developed. The dynamics for human-robot co-manipulation of objects is derived that includes weight perception. Then, an admittance control scheme with position feedback and velocity controller is derived from the weight-perception-based dynamics. In the control model, the mass parameter of the inertial force is considered different from that of the gravitational force. The system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink for 36 different pairs of inertial and gravitational mass parameters. Human subjects lift an object with the system for each pair of parameters separately. The levels of human-robot interaction (HRI) is psychophysically evaluated by subjects separately using a Likert scale. In each trial, the subject evaluates the system for appropriate level of HRI. Then, a training database is generated following the reinforcement learning approach that includes inputs (pairs of mass parameter values) and corresponding outputs (levels of HRI). Then, the labeled database is used to predict a condition where subjects feel the highest level of HRI. Then, the mass parameters for the best HRI pattern are selected as the mass parameters to be used in the control system. In the testing phase, the best mass parameters are used in the control system, and the subjects evaluate the HRI for the system. The results show that the best mass parameters predicted through the reinforcement learning method produce satisfactory HRI, and in the contrary, the mass parameters deviated from the best mass parameters do not produce satisfactory HRI. The results show that inclusion of weight perception in the dynamics and control and optimization of HRI through reinforcement learning are effective.
Some Implications of a Scale Invariant Model of Statistical Mechanics, Kinetic Theory of Ideal Gas, and Riemann Hypothesis

To derive invariant forms of conservation equations, a scale invariant statistical mechanics model is used. A modified form of the Cauchy stress tensor for fluid is presented, which leads to a modified Stokes assumption and thus a finite bulk viscosity coefficient. Brownian motion is defined as the state of equilibrium between suspended particles and molecular clusters that also have Brownian motion. Physical space, also known as the Casimir vacuum, is a tachyonic fluid that is Dirac's "stochastic ether" or de Broglie's "hidden thermostat," and it is compressible according to Planck's compressible ether. The stochastic definitions of the Planck h and Boltzmann k constants are shown to be related to the spatial and temporal aspects of vacuum fluctuations, respectively. As a result, a modified definition of thermodynamic temperature is introduced, resulting in predicted sound velocity that agrees with observations. Boltzmann combinatoric method was employed to derive invariant forms of Planck energy and Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution functions. In addition, the universal gas constant is identified as a modified value of the Joule-Mayer mechanical equivalent of heat known as De Pretto number 8338, which appeared in his mass-energy equivalence equation. Invariant versions of Boltzmann, Planck, and Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution functions for equilibrium statistical fields, including those of isotropic stationary turbulence, are determined using Boltzmann's combinatoric methods. The latter leads to the definitions of (electron, photon, neutrino) as the most likely equilibrium sizes of (photon, neutrino, tachyon) clusters, respectively. The physical basis for the coincidence of the Riemann zeta function's normalized spacing between zeros and the normalized Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, as well as its connections to the Riemann hypothesis are investigated. Through Euler's golden key, the zeros of the Riemann zeta function are related to the zeros of particle velocities or "stationary states," providing a physical explanation for the location of the critical line. It is proposed that, because the energy spectrum of the Casimir vacuum will be determined by the Schrodinger equation of quantum mechanics, physical space should be characterised by noncommutative spectral geometry of Connes in light of Heisenberg matrix mechanics. Invariant forms of transport coefficients implying finite values of gravitational viscosity, as well as hierarchies of vacua and absolute zero temperatures, are described. Some of the implications of the results for the problem of thermodynamic irreversibility and the Poincare recurrence theorem are discussed. An invariant modified form of the first law of thermodynamics is obtained, as well as a modified definition of entropy, which closes the gap between radiation and gas theory. Finally, in quantum mechanics, new paradigms for the hydrodynamic foundations of both Schrodinger and Dirac wave equations, as well as transitions between Bohr stationary states, are examined.
Mechanism of Orbital Interactions in the Sharpless Epoxidation with Ti(IV) Peroxides: A DFT Study

The M06-2X DFT functional has been employed to examine monomeric titanium(IV) hydroperoxo catalysts that model the individual steps in the dimeric titanium(IV)-catalyzed Sharpless reaction. This is the first example of a transition structure for titanium(IV) tert-butyl hydroperoxide-catalyzed epoxidation that describes the molecular motion required for oxygen atom transfer. These epoxidation catalysts have been examined for both bimolecular reactions with E-2-butene and the intramolecular epoxidation of allyl alcohol. The transition structure for the bimolecular peroxyacetic acid epoxidation of E-2-butene has been shown to be spiro in nature, and likewise, the intramolecular epoxidation of allyl alcohol is also nearly spiro. The significance of the O-C-C═C dihedral angle of allyl alcohol is examined for the Ti(IV) tert-butyl hydroperoxide epoxidation mechanism. Evidence is presented that supports a hexacoordinate titanium peroxo environment that exists in the dimeric form of the Sharpless catalyst. The mechanism for a 1,3-rearrangement of the alkoxide ligand in a titanium hydroperoxide to the Ti center in concert with oxygen atom transfer of the proximal oxygen to the C═C bond of the substrate is presented. The dimerization of Ti(IV)-(R,R)-diethyl tartrate-diisopropoxide and its hydrolysis have been calculated. The mechanism for rapid ligand exchange with alkyl hydroperoxides involving the Ti(O-i-Pr)4 precursor is examined to show how the active epoxidation catalyst is produced.
Synthesis of guanidinium‐based anion exchange membranes and their stability assessment

Alkaline fuel cells potentially offer improved conversion efficiency and the prospect of using non-noble metal catalysts; however, low conductivity and fast degradation of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) prevent their widespread application. In this work, a series of novel composite AEMs were synthesized by incorporating guanidinium-based polymers into a porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film. The guanidinium-based polymers were polymerized using a condensation process between a guanidinium salt and two different diamines so that the guanidinium cations were tethered to the polymer backbone to enhance both conductivity and durability. In addition, polymer crosslinking was conducted to further reinforce the mechanical strength of the membranes and interlock the guanidinium moieties to the porous PTFE. It was found that the ionic conductivity of the synthesized membrane reached up to approximately 80 mS cm � 1 at 20°C in deionized water. These membranes also exhibited superior stability compared to commercial quaternary ammonium AEMs after being exposed in 5M KOH solution at 55°C for 50h. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uncertainty modeling in anticipatory systems (nuclear reactor operator emulation)

An anticipatory system is a system containing an internal predictive model of itself and/or its environment which allows it to change state at a time t according to the model's prediction pertaining to a time t+ Delta t later. The anticipatory paradigm offers a useful framework for the development and integration of automated monitoring, diagnostic and control functions that may enhance the safety margins and overall performance of large complex systems. In the research described, a rule-based system emulates aspects of the monitoring, diagnostic and control behavior of a nuclear reactor operator. It receives data from sensors and uses a predictive model that simulates the reactor's behavior. Fuzzy information granules provide a syntax for representing facts and inferring current as well as anticipated performance of components, and subsystems. The basic assumption of the anticipatory paradigm as employed in this research is that a diagnostic and/or control decision can be based on a performance measure; and that it is desirable to estimate future performance and incorporate it in the control strategy. The methodology presented allows for estimating present as well as future performance on the basis of probabilistic and possibilistic information and is demonstrated with the simulation of an anticipatory system. >
Wnt5a evokes cortical axon outgrowth and repulsive guidance by tau mediated reorganization of dynamic microtubules.

Wnt5a guides cortical axons in vivo by repulsion and in vitro evokes cortical axon outgrowth and repulsion by calcium signaling pathways. Here we examined the role of microtubule (MT) reorganization and dynamics in mediating effects of Wnt5a. Inhibiting MT dynamics with nocodazole and taxol abolished Wnt5a evoked axon outgrowth and repulsion of cultured hamster cortical neurons. EGFP-EB3 labeled dynamic MTs visualized in live cell imaging revealed that growth cone MTs align with the nascent axon. Wnt5a increased axon outgrowth by reorganization of dynamic MTs from a splayed to a bundled array oriented in the direction of axon extension, and Wnt5a gradients induced asymmetric redistribution of dynamic MTs toward the far side of the growth cone. Wnt5a gradients also evoked calcium transients that were highest on the far side of the growth cone. Calcium signaling and the reorganization of dynamic MTs could be linked by tau, a MT associated protein that stabilizes MTs. Tau is phosphorylated at the Ser 262 MT binding site by CaMKII, and is required for Wnt5a induced axon outgrowth and repulsive turning. Phosphorylation of tau at Ser262 is known to detach tau from MTs to increase their dynamics. Using transfection with tau constructs mutated at Ser262, we found that this site is required for the growth and guidance effects of Wnt5a by mediating reorganization of dynamic MTs in cortical growth cones. Moreover, CaMKII inhibition also prevents MT reorganization required for Wnt5a induced axon outgrowth, thus linking Wnt/calcium signaling to tau mediated MT reorganization during growth cone behaviors. © 2013 The Authors. Developmental Neurobiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 797–817, 2014
Nuclear Transport Drugs For Cancer: Bench To Bedside

Trafficking of biological materials across nuclear membrane is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that maintains normal eukaryotic cell homeostasis. Eukaryotes shuttle proteins and RNAs in and out of the cell nucleus using highly complex gated machinery. Smaller entities can enter and exit the nuclear pore through diffusion. The movement of most of the proteins and RNAs, however, requires active transport that is mediated by specialized carriers in a strictly controlled manner. Such energy dependent trafficking occurs through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that is embedded in the nuclear membrane. The last two decades have witnessed tremendous advancements in the understanding of the NPC. Such studies have helped in the characterization of major nuclear transport mediators belonging to the Karyopherin family proteins that maintain proper compartmentalization of micro- and macro-molecules. This is functionally critical for tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs) and transcription factors (TFs) that require nuclear retention and sequence specific DNA alignment to modulate their target gene expression or conduct genome surveillance activity. Indeed, cancer cells have evolved methods to disturb the nuclear traffic by abnormal expression of the nuclear exporters particularly exportin 1 (Xpo1) that leads to a cascade of de-regulations favoring uncontrolled growth and loss of surveillance within the cells. Major cancer hallmarks have been shown to be influenced by Xpo1 de-regulation directly or indirectly. Recently, specific inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE) have been developed as a broad form of therapy targeting global re-alignment of multiple TSPs in the correct cellular compartment through inhibition of Xpo1 to rein in cancer. SINEs are currently undergoing Phase I and Phase Ib/II clinical evaluation. The drugs show single agent efficacy both in solid tumors and hematological malignancies.
Towards Self-Healing Organic Nanogels: A Computational Approach

The sections in this article are Introduction Methodology Towards Self-Healing Organic Nanogels Response of Samples to Tensile Deformation Stress–Strain Curve Tensile Strength of Nanogel Samples Modeling Viscoelastic Nanogel Particles Conclusions Acknowledgments Keywords: self-healing materials; crosslinked nanogels; particle gels; deformable particles; computer simulations; lattice spring model; Bell model
Pyrrolysine Analogs for Translational Incorporation into Proteins

The discovery that pyrrolysine is translationally incorporated into methylamine methyltransferases from certain methanogens in response to an in-frame amber codon prompted detailed studies of the biochemical machinery associated with its genetic encoding. Over the past few years, significant progress has also been made in identifying a set of structural and electronic features that enable a compound to act as an effective pyrrolysine mimic. With such empirical knowledge in hand, it is becoming increasingly feasible to rationally design and synthesize new analogs with useful chemical, physical, or biochemical properties and then site-specifically incorporate them into proteins. The present microreview highlights recent key developments in this rapidly expanding area of research.
Estimation of intrinsic dimensionality of samples from noisy low-dimensional manifolds in high dimensions with multiscale SVD

The problem of estimating the intrinsic dimensionality of certain point clouds is of interest in many applications in statistics and analysis of high-dimensional data sets. Our setting is the following: the points are sampled from a manifold M of dimension k, embedded in ℝD, with k ≪ D, and corrupted by D-dimensional noise. When M is a linear manifold (hyperplane), one may analyse this situation by SVD, hoping the noise would perturb the rank k covariance matrix. When M is a nonlinear manifold, SVD performed globally may dramatically overestimate the intrinsic dimensionality. We discuss a multiscale version SVD that is useful in estimating the intrinsic dimensionality of nonlinear manifolds.
Energy loss mechanisms in low energy electron scattering from W(100) and their use as a surface sensitive spectroscopy

The energy loss spectrum of low energy (0 < Ep < 200 eV) electrons scattered from W(100) has been experimentally investigated, and mechanisms giving rise to the fine structure analyzed using a dielectric response formalism. The dielectric medium is characterized by available optical data and energy band calculations for tungsten. All of the structure for loss energies, w, less than 18 eV is attributed to intra- and interband transitions involving the bulk valence and conduction bands. The surface and bulk plasmon excitations are observed at w = 21 eV and w = 25.5 eV respectively which is in reasonable agreement with the optical data. A very narrow peak in the density of conduction d-band states apparently functions strongly in well defined excitations involving the 5p32 and 4f tungsten orbitais and the 2s and 2p orbitais of adsorbed oxygen. These conduction band states form a “window” with which to measure the electronic orbital structure of both the substrate and adsorbate during adsorption and reaction. We demonstrate this for the room temperature adsorption of oxygen on W(100) in which we observe the sequential filling of two electronically inequivalent binding states. The stability of the “d-band window” during thermally activated reaction, and the likelihood of its existence in other transition metals makes this an attractive surface sensitive spectroscopy.
Auto Burglaries in an Entertainment District Hotspot: Applying the SARA Model in a Security Context

The crime of auto burglary is both common and costly. The present study examines this crime within the confines of an entertainment district ‘hotspot’ known as Ybor City, which is located in a large metropolitan area on the west coast of Florida. Official crime information was collected and analyzed within the context of the ‘SARA’ model of problem-solving. Location, temporal, victim and offender variables were considered. Security-related situational crime prevention suggestions are made based upon our findings.
Susceptibility of endothelial cells derived from different blood vessels to common viruses

We examined whether endothelial cells derived from different blood vessels vary in their susceptibility to viral infection. Five common viral pathogens of humans (herpes simplex 1, measles, mumps, echo 9, and coxsackie B4 viruses) were evaluated for growth in endothelial cells derived from bovine fetal pulmonary artery thoracic aorta, and vena cava. All five viruses replicated in each type of endothelial cell. There were apparent differences in the quantities of measles and mumps viruses produced in pulmonary artery endothelium compared with thoracic aorta and vena cava when endothelial cells were obtained from different animals. However when pulmonary artery endothelial cells were compared with vena cava cells from the same animal, growth of each virus was similar in the two cell types. Four of the viruses replicated in the various endothelial cells without producing appreciable changes in cell morphology. These results indicate that endothelial cells from different blood vessels are equally susceptible to the human viruses evaluated, and that viral replication can occur without major alteration in cell morphology. Endothelial cells could serve as permissive cells permitting viruses to leave the circulation and initiate infection in adjacent tissues, including subendothelial smooth muscle cells.
Death, art and memory in the public sphere: The visual and material culture of grief in contemporary America

This paper explores the commemorative dimensions of death, dying and bereave- ment in contemporary America as embodied in material and visual culture. Focusing in particular on the Oklahoma City National Memorial (dedicated in 2000 and now managed by the US National Park Service) and on temporary shrines constructed near Columbine High School in Littleton, CO (the site of a murderous rampage in 1999), it asks how and why such commemoration is organized—by whom and for whom? What do these practices and rituals— both seemingly spontaneous public practices and those managed by specie c institutions—reveal about American attitudes toward death and grief? What do they tell us about who (and what) is deemed memorable in their absence, in US history, and in terms of an imagined national future? Indeed, what is the role of memory in the material and visual culture of death, dying and bereavement in contemporary America?
Design and management tools for a DiffServ-aware MPLS domain QoS manager

In this paper, TEAM, an automated manager for DiffServ/MPLS networks is introduced. TEAM is composed of a Traffic Engineering Tool (TET), which deals with resource and route management issues, a Measurement and Performance Evaluation Tool (MPET), which measures important parameters in the network and inputs them to TET, and a Simulation Tool (ST), which may be used by TET to consolidate its decisions. Details of the issues addressed by each tool are described. All proposed algorithms were individually evaluated through simulation and experiments on a physical testbed. The design and implementation details of each tool are discussed.
Importance of Pacemaker Noise Reversion as a Potential Mechanism of Pacemaker‐ICD Interactions

Numerous types of interactions between pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have been described. Pacemaker outputs preventing appropriate detection of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation by the ICD is one of the more serious. Asynchronous pacemaker activity during ventricular arrhythmias may be caused by either nonsensing of the arrhythmia or by noise reversion, which is an algorithm that causes the pacemaker to switch to asynchronous pacing when repetitive sensing at a high rate occurs. We analyzed the mechanisms underlying asynchronous pacemaker activity in ventricular arrhythmias using pacemaker telemetry during the arrhythmia. Thirty-nine induced arrhythmias from 26 different procedures in 19 patients with both pacemakers and ICDs were analyzed. Of the 39 arrhythmias, asynchronous pacemaker activity occurred in 16. The underlying mechanism was nonsensing in 4 episodes and noise reversion in 12 episodes. Clinically significant interference with detection arose on three occasions. Conditions favoring the occurrence of noise reversion include specific pacemaker models, arrhythmia cycle lengths in the range causing noise reversion of the individual pacemaker model, long noise sampling periods, and VVI pacing mode. Noise reversion can be diagnosed by telemetering the pacemaker marker channel during ventricular arrhythmias as a part of routine pacemaker-ICD interaction evaluation. It can be prevented or minimized by programming short ventricular refractory periods or using pacemakers with short retriggerable refractory periods.
Atomic scale observations of the chemical composition of a metal/ceramic interface

The heterophase interface between a metal and a ceramic is of great practical importance because of the ubiquitousness of this interface in composite materials, thin film technology and electronic packaging systems. The nature of the chemical bond at a metal/ceramic interface is very important in determining how well these two disparate materials adhere to one another, and ultimately the performance of this heterophase interface in service. On the basic side the question of the nature and strength of the chemical bond at a metal/ceramic interface has been addressed recently from a first principles point-of-view [1,2]. In addition, much experimental effort has been expended recently employing high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) to determine the terminating plane on the oxide side of metal/metal oxide heterophase interfaces by comparing observed HREM images with computer simulated images [3-5]. In this paper we present a combined transmission electron microscopy, HREM and atom-probe field-ion microscopy (APFIM) study of a Cu/MgO heterophase interface produced by internal oxidation of a Cu(Mg) alloy. This heterophase interface is an interesting one as it consists of joining a noble free-electron metal (Cu) to a strongly heteropolar metal oxide (MgO). We demonstrate, for the first time, that by combining these three microscopies it is possible to determine the chemical identity of the terminating plane on the oxide side of a Cu/MgO { 111 }-type interface directly without any deconvolution of the experimental data. In particular, we demonstrate that the bonding across a Cu/MgO {l l l} type interface, in a common direction, has the sequence CulOIMgl... and not CulMglOI... via APFIM measurements of this highly localized chemistry.
EMBARC: an efficient memory bank assignment algorithm for retargetable compilers

Many architectures today, especially embedded systems, have multiple memory partitions, each with potentially different performance and energy characteristics. To meet the strict time-to-market requirements of systems containing these chips, compilers require retargetable alogrithms for effectively assigning values to the memory partitions. The EMBARC algorithm described in this paper is the first algorithm to attempt to realize a comprehensive, retargetable algorithm for effective partition assignment of variables in an arbitrary memory hierarchy. It supports a wide variety of memory models including on-chip SRAMs, multiple layers of caches, and even uncached DRAM partitions. Even though it is designed to handle such a range of memory hierarchies, EMBARC is capable of generating partition assignments of similar quality to algorithms designed for specific memory hierarchies. We use a large range of benchmarks and memory models to demonstrate the effectiveness of the EMBARC algorithm. We found that EMBARC can achieve 99% of the improvement of a dedicated algorithm for cacheless systems without SRAM. Also, for cacheless systems with SRAM, EMBARC generated the optimal partition assignment for benchmarks that were simple enough to hand-generate an optimal partition assignment. As further proof of EMBARC's generality, we also show how EMBARC can be used to generate partition assignments for a memory hierarchies with two on-chip caches that can be accessed in parallel.
Charismatic Leadership Development: Role of Parental Attachment Style and Parental Psychological Control:

Despite the importance of charismatic leadership on individual and organizational outcomes, there has been little research examining the development of charismatic leaders. This study investigated the relationship between parental attachment style, parental psychological control and emergent adults' displays of charismatic leadership. Participants were 81 undergraduate students whose ages ranged from 18-25. They took part in the wilderness survival exercise, a simulation that is effective in measuring leadership effectiveness. Participants completed self-report measures on their parents' attachment style and levels of control. Both parental attachment style and fathers' psychological control were related to emergent adults' displays of charismatic leadership. Keywords are Charismatic, Leadership, Development, Parents, and Attachment.
Distribution of intracellular pH in the rat brain cortex after global ischemia as measured by color film histophotometry of neutral red

Tissue acidosis is an important determinant of cell viability following cerebral ischemia. Because of the heterogeneity of tissue response to metabolic stress, a method for measuring intracellular pH (pHi) that preserves spatial information would be desirable. Histophotometry of the pH indicator dye Neutral red offers such a possibility. The purpose of our study was to determine the distribution of pHi following complete irreversible ischemia and show the correlation of mean pHi measured by Neutral red and [31P]NMR in the same brain. Three rats were studied in the anesthetized state. A pHi range was obtained by total cerebral ischemia at various pre-arrest plasma glucose concentrations. The data show that mean pHi calculated by Neutral red was strongly correlated to pHi determined from [31P]NMR (slope: 0.99 +/- 0.08; P less than 0.001, r2 = 0.96). Within each brain, 80-110 discrete samples were analyzed by histophotometry. The pHi distribution of those samples broadened in those rat brains with greater acidosis, suggesting a heterogeneity of response by the tissue to ischemia and the presence of multiple pHi pools. Our results demonstrate the need to use methods which maintain spatial resolution such as is available with histophotometry.
Acute Sirolimus Pulmonary Toxicity in an Infant Heart Transplant Recipient: Case Report and Literature Review

Sirolimus-associated pulmonary disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome in transplant recipients receiving this drug. It represents a rare, potentially lethal, and yet reversible adverse effect. We report the case an infant who presented with acute respiratory distress 57 days after heart transplantation 3 days after starting sirolimus. The acute presentation and prompt resolution after discontinuation of this drug suggest a direct toxic effect to the lungs. To our knowledge, this is the first published pediatric description of this syndrome after heart transplantation.
Fiber-optic technology for broadband local area networks

Local area networks (LANs) promise to be a major application area for fiber optics, perhaps rivaling the now well-established applications in point-to-point telecommunications and data links. Many architectures and signaling protocols are in use or are being investigated for use in LANs. In many cases these architectures and protocols require that the optoelectronic components perform under quite different conditions than for conventional point-to-point communication. To realize the broadband transmission potential of fiber optics in LAN applications, these special requirements must be fully understood by the system designer. This paper offers a review of the implications of LAN transmission systems on the capabilities required of the optoelectronic components.
Maritime trade and migratory species management to protect biodiversity

Invasive species threaten biodiversity worldwide. Ships inadvertently carry marine invasive species to vulnerable ports. An empirical game theoretic analysis is presented to explore this transboundary biological pollution topic. This analysis utilizes data on marine invasive species and maritime trade as a vector of impact on native species at different public port locations along the Pacific coast of the North American countries. Preventative and reactive abatement strategies are compared. The countries are not identical and a comparison of noncooperative game strategies and payoffs to the cooperative game is presented. With the asymmetry between countries, optimal sharing rules are quantified. Results show that cooperative and preventative abatement is optimal compared to all other strategies dealing with stock and flow pollution.
Symptom analysis of patients undergoingmodified pereyra bladder neck suspension for stress urinary incontinence Pre- and postoperative findings

Abstract The results of a physician-directed follow-up of 145 women undergoing the modifiedPereyra bladder neck suspension from March 1980 to February 1986 are presented. Median follow-up) was 3.5 years (2.0–7.7); 70 percent of patients had follow-up between three and four years postoperatively. All patients had preoperative demonstration of stress incontinence as well as urodynamic evaluations. Fifty-one percent of patients reported no stress incontinence and 76 percent reported that their sense of urinary control was better, or much better at the time of follow-up. Improvement was seen in all grades of stress incontinence. Age, weight, parity, and history of prior anti-incontinence surgery had no significant impact on success rates. Although preoperative urgency symptoms were more common among failures (28 % vs 15 %), this association was not statistically significant. However, persistent or de novo urgency symptoms postoperatively were hightly associated with postoperative incontinence (p
Multimodal Integration: Visual Cues Help Odor-Seeking Fruit Flies

Olfactory stimuli are uniquely devoid of directional information, so that multimodal cues are typically required for their localization. A clever new experimental paradigm with flying Drosophila has shown that accurate heading into an odor plume requires panoramic visual cues.
Biomimetic chemistry: Merging the old with the new

The classic organometallic compound ferrocene has been combined with a unique diiron unit in the latest synthetic analogue of an enzyme active site, achieving the three functionalities needed for a working model of diiron hydrogenase, itself of ancient origin.
Ectomycorrhizal fungi in Lyman Lake Basin: a comparison between primary and secondary successional sites

The results of eight years of study of the ectomycorrhizal macrofungi at the subalpine Lyman Lake Basin (Glacier Peak Wilderness area in the North Cascade Mountains, Washington, USA) are re- ported. The basin was divided into three sites: the primary successional glacier forefront vs two second- ary successional habitats (subalpine parkland and old-growth montane Tsuga mertensiana-Abies amabi- lis). The 145 collections of ectomycorrhizal fungi ob- tained represented 68 species, 25 genera, 14 families and 7 orders. The Cortinariaceae was the most spe- cies-rich family with 25 species. Cortinarius was the most species-rich genus with 17 species. The two sec- ondary successional sites shared 12.1% of the species; while the primary successional site shared only 2 and 5.1 %, respectively, with the two secondary succession- al sites. No ectomycorrhizal species occurred on all three sites. The secondary successional sites shared 7 species (Boletus edulis, Elaphomyces granulatus, Hyd- notrya variiformis, Rhizopogon subsalmoneus, Rh. vul- garis, Russula silvicola and Thaxterogaster pingue) while the primary successional site shared two species with the parkland (Suillus aeruginascens and Su. cav- ipes) and only one with the montane site (Inocybe lac- era). Fifty-eight species occurred at only one site. These data show that the communities of ectomycor- rhizal fungi differ between the primary and second- ary successional sites. We hypothesize that fungal life history strategies and habitat characteristics are more important determinants of succession of mycorrhizal fungi than host age or physiology as suggested by the relatively simple early- and late-stage model.
Recovering Riparian Plant Communities with Wolves in Northern Yellowstone, U.S.A.

Gray wolves (Canis lupus) were extirpated from Yellowstone National Park in the 1920s. The ensuing seven decades marked a period when wild ungulates, principally Elk (Cervus elaphus), extensively used woody browse species in the upper Gallatin and northern winter ranges, thus limiting the capability of establishing plants to grow more than 100 cm in height. Following the reintroduction of wolves in the mid-1990s, we evaluated patterns of woody browse species recovery within riparian areas of these winter ranges. Measurements indicated that cottonwood (Populus spp.) recruitment (growth of seedlings/ sprouts into tall saplings and trees) was occurring for the first time in several decades. A spatially patchy increase in the heights of young willow (Salix sp.) and cottonwood in the upper Gallatin and northern winter ranges, respectively, was also found within riparian transects comprising nearly 20 km in total length. Within some transects, heights of woody species have begun to exceed 200 cm (the approximate upper browse level of Elk). Results are consistent with the reestablishment of a tri-level trophic cascade involving wolves, ungulates, and riparian vegetation. We additionally present conceptual models of vegetation recovery, illustrating differences in plant height responses to behaviorally and density-mediated trophic cascades. Northern Yellowstone’s ‘‘experiment in time,’’ whereby wolves were removed and then reintroduced, provides new insights regarding how top predators can influence the structure and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. Restoration ecologists and policymakers should consider the potential benefits of large predators as an option for helping restore degraded ecosystems.
Flicker photometric sensitivity and chromatic adaptation in color-deficient and normal observers

Congenital red-green color deficients and observers with normal color vision were asked to make flicker photometric matches on a red background, on a green background, and with no background present. Adaptation had no effect on the matches made by color deficients, but clearly affected the matches of normal observers. There were small differences between the matches of different observers. We attempted to characterize these differences by fitting the R and G curves of Smith and Pokorny to the data. Two parameters, Λmaxand optical density, were varied to obtain the best fit. Extremely good fits were obtained, suggesting that individual differences can be characterized with these two parameters.
kT-Scale interactions between supported lipid bilayers

We use total internal reflection microscopy (TIRM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CSLM) to study supported lipid bilayer (SLB)-modified silica colloids with various SLB compositions (e.g., PEGylated vs. non-PEGylated) that control colloidal and bilayer stability. Measured and predicted potentials accurately capture stable configurations. For unstable conditions when SLBs adhere, fuse, or spread between surfaces, SLB structures are connected to effective potentials as well as time-dependent behavior. In all cases, directly measured and inferred interactions are well described by steric interactions between PEG brushes and van der Waals weakened by substrate roughness. Our findings quantify non-specific kT-scale interactions between SLB-modified colloids and surfaces, which enables the design of such systems for use in biomedical applications and studies of biomolecular interactions.
Does the law of one price hold in China? Testing price convergence using disaggregated data

Abstract This study examines to what extent prices diverge across China and how long it takes prices to converge following idiosyncratic shocks. We consider monthly data using disaggregated goods prices from 36 cities in China. Following [Imbs, J., Mumtaz, H., Ravn, M., and Rey, H., 2005. PPP strikes back: aggregation and the real exchange rate. Quarterly Journal of Economics 120, 1–44.], we use two estimation methods: a fixed effect method when considering goods individually and a mean group estimation specification for a panel including all goods simultaneously. The mean group method also accounts for dynamic heterogeneity across goods. Impulse response functions are obtained to calculate half-lives. With both methods, we find half-lives of only a few months or less, supporting the conjecture that convergence rates within a country are faster than rates estimated in an international context. However, the half-life reported here is still shorter than that for other studies using disaggregated intracountry data. Perhaps a lower degree of specialization and market differentiation in developing countries creates a greater potential for price convergence.
CT and MRI findings in a pediatric case of eastern equine encephalitis

Abstract CT and MRI were performed on a pediatric patient with serology-confirmed eastern equine encephalitis (EEE). In the correct clinical setting, these findings should prompt the obtaining of appropriate serologic confirmatory tests and lead to institution of control measures to prevent spread of the disease. Evidence of both diffuse and focal disease was evident with diffuse cortical involvement as well as lesions in the basal ganglia and thalamus on T2 axial FLAIR MRI images. The diffusion weighted MRI images (DWI) showed gyriform regions with restricted diffusion in bifrontal lobes in addition to Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) MRI images that showed signal drop out in the same location, suggesting meningoencephalitis. Our case highlights the importance of inclusion of eastern equine encephalitis in the pediatric population in the Onondaga County region. Clinical correlation and radiographic findings should be implemented together in early identification of eastern equine encephalitis in the pediatric population as mortality from this disease is extremely high. Confirmed infection with eastern equine encephalitis virus warrants immediate notification of public health departments so that appropriate control measures can be implemented.
Membership history of the ASSH: 1946–1970

Abstract The American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH) was organized in 1946. The Founders held the first Scientific Meeting in 1947. The original qualifications for membership were: (1) clinical experience; (2) recommendation by a member of ASSH; (3) published peer-review articles; (4) presentation of a paper at the Scientific Program of the ASSH. Only a limited number of surgeons met these requirements early in their career. Thus, emphasis was on the category of Associate Members who had all the privileges of the ASSH members except for voting and holding office. Also, as the number of residents taking Hand Fellowships increased, the number of potential members in the ASSH necessarily increased. Since a Certificate of Added Qualification (CAQ) became a requirement for membership, the qualifications for membership in ASSH remained stringent. Copyright © 2003 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand
Compression of magnetohydrodynamic simulation data using singular value decomposition

Numerical calculations of magnetic and flow fields in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations can result in extensive data sets. Particle-based calculations in these MHD fields, needed to provide closure relations for the MHD equations, will require communication of this data to multiple processors and rapid interpolation at numerous particle orbit positions. To facilitate this analysis it is advantageous to compress the data using singular value decomposition (SVD, or principal orthogonal decomposition, POD) methods. As an example of the compression technique, SVD is applied to magnetic field data arising from a dynamic nonlinear MHD code. The performance of the SVD compression algorithm is analyzed by calculating Poincare plots for electron orbits in a three-dimensional magnetic field and comparing the results with uncompressed data.
Surface structure and electrolytic growth stability of LaB6 crystals

Abstract The habit of LaB6 crystals is dominated by (100) faces which exhibit pyramidal features and a strong tendency to form large terraces. As the current density is increased, the crystals depart from cubic shape by the formation of dendritic growth along [111] directions. The critical current density for the growth of crystals of cubic shape is in the region of the theoretical estimate of 30 mA cm-2.
Dimension invariance of finite frames of translates and Gabor frames

A dimension invariance property for finite frames of translates and Gabor frames is discussed. Under appropriate support conditions among the frame and dual frame generating functions, we show that a pair of dual frames evaluated in a given space remains a valid dual set if they are naturally embedded in the underlying space of almost arbitrarily enlarged dimension. Consequently, the evaluation of duals in a very large dimensional space is now easily accessible by merely working in a space of some much smaller dimension. A number of uniform and non-uniform schemes are studied. To satisfy the support conditions, a method of finding valid alternate dual functions with small support via a known parametric dual frame formula is discussed. Oftentimes it is convenient to have truncated approximate duals that satisfy the support conditions. Stability studies of the dimension invariance principle via such approximate duals are also presented.
Monopsony and federal coal leasing - a bargaining approach

Abstract The Department of the Interior awards federal coal leases by competitive bidding to adjacent mining operations having an emergency need for the coal. Previous studies indicate that negotiation between the government and the operator would be a more apropriate mechanism for awarding emergency coal leases. This paper develops a theoretical bargaining model within the context of emergency leasing, with the buyer (adjacent operator) and the seller (federal government) having various degrees of monopoly power depending on the type of emergency leasing situation. The model provides an analytical framework for evaluating alternative negotiation strategies for capturing and sharing economic rents.
Two-dimensional wind-tunnel interference from measurements on two contours

This paper describes how wall-induced velocities near a model in a two-dimensional wind tunnel can be estimated from upwash distributions measured along two contours surrounding a model. The method is applicable to flows that can be represented by linear theory. It was derived by applying the Schwarz Integral Formula separately to the two contours and by exploiting the free-air relationship between upwashes along the contours. Advantages of the method are that only one flow quantity need by measured and no representation of the model is required. A weakness of the method is that it assumes streamwise interference velocity vanishes far upstream of the model. This method was applied to a simple theoretical model of flow in a solid-wall wind tunnel. The theoretical interference velocities and the velocities computed using the method were in excellent agreement. The method was then used to analyze experimental data acquired during adaptive-wall experiments at Ames Research Center. This analysis confirmed that the wall adjustments reduced wall-induced velocities near the model.