cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How do YouTubers make money? A lesson learned from the most subscribed YouTuber channels

How to make money is getting an increasing interest from YouTubers. This study develops a new model to investigate how factors such as the number of views of a YouTuber's videos, the number of subscriptions to a YouTuber's channel, the after-view comment rate and the after-view attitude expression rate of a YouTuber's video, and the age of a YouTuber's channel can influence the YouTuber's yearly revenues. Data of 57 most subscribed YouTuber channels were collected. The data analysis shows that the number of views, the after-view comment rate, and the after-view attitude expression rate all have significant positive effects on a YouTuber's yearly revenues; however, the number of subscriptions to a YouTuber's channel does not have a significant effect on his/her yearly revenues. In addition, a YouTuber's yearly revenues decrease as his/her channel gets older. This study does not only contribute a new YouTube monetisation model to the video sharing research community, but also provides several practical implications to entrepreneurial YouTubers.
Association Between "Unacceptable Condition" Expressed in Palliative Care Consultation Before Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation and Care Received at the End of Life.

Abstract Context Palliative care consultation before left ventricular assist device (LVAD) surgery (PreVAD) has been recommended, but its impact on goal-concordant care is unknown. Objectives To describe the association between patients' unique unacceptable condition articulated during PreVAD with the actual care provided at the end of life. Methods Among 308 patients who had PreVAD between 2014 and 2019, 72 patients died before December 31, 2019. Based on the answers to the question, “Is there any condition you would find unacceptable?” patients were divided into ARTICULATE (those who could articulate their unacceptable condition clearly, n = 58) and non-ARTICULATE (those who could not, n = 14). Circumstances at death and end-of-life care were compared between groups. Results Mean age at death was 63.2 years (SD ±13.1), 56 patients (77.8%) were males, and median duration of LVAD was 167.5 days (interquartile range 682). ARTICULATE patients died less frequently in the intensive care unit than non-ARTICULATE patients (33 patients, 57.9% vs. 13 patients, 92.9%; P = 0.014) and had ethics consultation less frequently (four patients, 6.9% vs. five patients, 35.7%; P = 0.011). Frequency of LVAD withdrawal was similar in both groups. Among ARTICULATE cohort, the unacceptable condition articulated in PreVAD did not seem to influence decisions at the end of life. Conclusion Patients who articulated their unacceptable condition clearly before LVAD surgery had less frequent ethics consultations and received less intensive care at the end of life, but it did not seem to affect the decision of LVAD withdrawal. It may be more important to engage in discussions around their unacceptable conditions, rather than the specific condition articulated. The question of an unacceptable condition should be part of any routine palliative care consultation before LVAD surgery.
Big boys don’t cry (or sing) … still?: a modern exploration of gender, misogyny, and homophobia in college choral methods texts

Gender identity has become a topic of much discussion, both in society and in (music) education. Researchers have explored various topics surrounding gender over the past several decades. One such ...
Acquired factor V inhibitors after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a dog.

OBJECTIVE Describe the clinical course and management of a dog that underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for treatment of B-cell lymphoma and developed acquired circulating factor V (FV) inhibitors. CASE SUMMARY An 8-year-old male castrated Briard dog diagnosed with lymphoma (IVb, B-cell) presented for allogeneic HSCT. Despite multiple platelet, fresh frozen plasma, and red blood cell transfusions prolonged recovery and clinical bleeding occurred. Circulating acquired FV inhibitors were identified and hemorrhage subsequently was managed by immunosuppression. The dog was discharged when clinical resolution of bleeding was achieved. NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED This case report describes a dog undergoing curative intent treatment for lymphoma, and subsequently acquiring factor inhibition, and was successfully managed. Specific coagulation screening to assess for coagulation factor deficiencies or inhibitors is essential in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with refractory bleeding or only transient response to blood transfusion.
Anterior-segment spectral domain optical coherence tomography in epidermolysis bullosa.

Abstract Purpose Assess epidermolysis bullosa (EB)-related corneal pathology using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and correlate imaging with clinical metrics in EB patients versus age-matched controls. Methods EB patients and controls were recruited during an EB conference (July 2018) and at Tufts Medical Center (June–August 2019). Subjects completed a questionnaire, had best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) tested, and underwent AS-OCT scanning. Stromal and epithelial thickness were measured. Depth, length, and type of the three largest lesions were assessed by a masked examiner using a novel pathology grading system. Multivariate analysis of AS-OCT findings and clinical metrics was performed. Results 62 EB patients and 60 age-matched controls were enrolled. Mean BCVA was 1.8 lines worse in patients (p Conclusions AS-OCT can visualize and quantify differences in the corneas of EB patients compared with age-matched controls. Novel findings include quantification of average depth, length, and severity of discrete lesions, and sparing of the superior quadrant from stromal thickening in EB patients. These results support use of AS-OCT and a questionnaire in clinical trials for new EB therapies.
Evidence that ion conduction in 5-HT3A receptors proceeds through lateral portals in the cytosol

Abstract The intracellular domain of the serotonin type 3A receptor, a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel, is crucial for regulating conductance. However, the specific ion conduction pathway through this domain is less clear. The intracellular domain starts with a short loop after the third transmembrane segment, followed by a short α-helical segment, a large unstructured loop, and finally the membrane-associated MA-helix that continues into the last transmembrane segment. The MA-helices from all five subunits form the extension of the transmembrane ion channel and shape what has been described as a “closed vestibule”, with their lateral portals obstructed by loops and their cytosolic ends forming a tight hydrophobic constriction. The question remains whether the lateral portals or cytosolic constriction conduct ions upon channel opening. In the present study, we used disulfide bond formation between pairs of engineered cysteines to probe the proximity and mobility of segments of the MA-helices most distal to the membrane bilayer. Our results indicate that the proximity and orientation for cysteine pairs at I409C/R410C, in close proximity to the lateral windows, and L402C/L403C, at the cytosolic ends of the MA-helices, are conducive for disulfide bond formation. While conformational changes associated with gating promote crosslinking for I409C/R410C, which in turn decreases channel currents, crosslinking of L402C/L403C is functionally silent in macroscopic currents. These results support the hypothesis that concerted conformational changes open the lateral portals for ion conduction, rendering ion conduction through the vertical portal unlikely. Significance The intracellular domain (ICD) of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) is the most diverse domain within receptors of the Cys-loop superfamily. Despite being the least understood domain of pLGICs, its impact on ion-channel function and contribution to the cytosolic exit pathway of the channel have been investigated. X-ray and cryo-EM structures have captured the structured segments of the ICD of 5-HT3A receptors in different conformational states with lower resolution of the ICD as compared to the other domains. Here, we provide experimentally derived evidence for the importance of the differential mobility of the cytosolic segment of the MA-helices, which supports the existence of lateral portals as opposed to a vertical pathway for 5-HT3A receptors.
Does the investment horizon of institutional investors matter for stock liquidity

Abstract This paper examines the role of the investment horizon of institutional investors on stock liquidity of firms. We show that an increase in long-term institutional ownership is negatively associated with firm liquidity, while an increase in short-term ownership is positively related to a firm's stock liquidity. We identify the ownership-liquidity relationship by examining two major channels: the trading activity channel and the informational friction channel. Long-term investors reduce stock liquidity through low frequency trading and access to value-enhancing and private information, which induces adverse selection bias. In contrast, short-term investors improve liquidity through trading activity and competition with other investors, which lowers transaction costs. Our findings further suggest that the effects of an increase in long-term (short-term) institutional investors on liquidity weaken (strengthen) when a firm has more publicly available information. Finally, we show that the positive impact of an increase in long-term ownership on valuation is more pronounced for firms with higher liquidity and the valuation effect is persistent.
Insights into the mechanism and kinetics of propene oxidation and ammoxidation over bismuth molybdate catalysts derived from experiments and theory

Abstract Robert K. Grasselli was a pioneer in the development and commercialization of catalysts for propene oxidation to acrolein and ammoxidation to acrylonitrile, products that today are produced at the level of over 10 billion pounds per year. The catalysts used for both processes are contain bismuth molybdates augmented by up to seven additional elements used to attain high activity, selectivity, and stability. The importance of propene oxidation and ammoxidation has stimulated considerable interest in understanding the mechanism and kinetics of these processes and the particular role of catalyst composition and structure in defining catalyst activity and selectivity. Virtually all of this work has been carried out using bismuth molybdates, primarily α-Bi2Mo3O12. The objective of this paper is to review the findings of experimental studies and illustrate how theoretical studies based on density functional theory provide additional insights that support deductions drawn from experiments and, more importantly, provide information that cannot be accessed experimentally.
Information, Right to

In the information age, organizational stakeholders should have fair and open access to relevant information so they can contribute in ways that both benefit the organization's vibrancy and protect stakeholders' decision-making capacities. Through clear and appropriate information rights, stakeholders can better participate and discharge the accountability shared by parties involved in explicit and implied organizational exchanges. Keywords: information rights; open access; accountability; workplace monitoring; consumer protection
Closed loop carrier phase synchronization techniques motivated by likelihood functions

Motivated by the theory of MAP carrier phase estimation, the authors have developed a number of closed loop structures suitably derived from maximum-likelihood (ML) and average-likelihood (AL) functions. Several of these structures reduce to previously known closed loop carrier phase synchronizers while others appear to be new. Of particular interest is one of the ML structures which, when properly optimized, gives improved mean-square phase error performance over the other ML and AL structures. The improvement is largest at low symbol SNR and is thus quite significant in applications that involve a combination of low rate coding and antenna arraying such as the NASA/JPL Galileo mission to Jupiter. The structures proposed in the paper are not exhaustive of the ways that closed loop phase synchronizers can be derived from open loop MAP estimation theory. Rather they are given primarily to indicate the variety of different closed loop schemes that can be constructed simply from likelihood and log-likelihood functions. >
Dynamic video collage

This demo presents a video visualization technique named Dynamic Video Collage (DVC). By selecting representative frames, extracting their regions of interest, constructing collages with the gradually coming frames, and displaying the collages via animations, we aim to mimic the storytelling of the video content by dynamically presenting a series of collages. In contrast to our previous work on Video Collage [1], DVC is able to show video dynamics in a more visually appealing way.
Resistance to American foulbrood in honey bees: XII. Persistence of viable Bacillus larvae spores in the feces of adults permitted flight

Abstract Adult honey bees of two colonies given one feeding of Bacillus larvae spores egested them in their feces over a period extending more than 2 months in one population. Spore egestion began 1 day after spore ingestion, and reached a maximum on the 2nd and the 6th day. Spores that passed through the alimentary tract of adult bees remained viable and incited American foulbrood disease when fed to susceptible honey bee larvae.
Mixed integer programming vs logic-based Benders decomposition for planning and scheduling

A recent paper by Heinz and Beck (CPAIOR 2012) found that mixed integer software has become competitive with or superior to logic-based Benders decomposition for the solution of facility assignment and scheduling problems. Their implementation of Benders differs, however, from that described in the literature they cite and therefore results in much slower performance than previously reported. We find that when correctly implemented, the Benders method remains 2 to 3 orders of magnitude faster than the latest commercial mixed integer software on larger instances, thus reversing the conclusion of the earlier paper.
The Incoherence of Success: Intersections of Marriage and Education in a Second-Chance Girls' Education Initiative in Rural Upper Egypt

In Egypt, early-marriage is implicated as a barrier to educational access for girls living in rural areas. It is understood to impede women’s access to education and the labor market. This paper focuses on Ishraq, a second chance girls’ education initiative brought on by the Girls Education Initiative-Egypt. Using a critical poststructural conceptual framework, this paper examines how individuals associated with the Ishraq program engage in social contests concerning the relationship between marriage and education by employing a qualitative case study approach grounded in ethnographic methodological considerations. This essay argues participant’s view religious life as the single most important consideration in articulating and enacting their conceptions of community development and girl’s empowerment, providing a framework for understanding the relationship between marriage and education. These perspectives demonstrate how participants navigate certain structural realities in their lives and the strategies they employ in localizing the designed affects of the Ishraq program. The full text of the article can be found at 10.18275/fire201502021040
Global divergence of microbial genome sequences mediated by propagating fronts.

We model the competition between homologous recombination and point mutation in microbial genomes, and present evidence for two distinct phases, one uniform, the other genetically diverse. Depending on the specifics of homologous recombination, we find that global sequence divergence can be mediated by fronts propagating along the genome, whose characteristic signature on genome structure is elucidated, and apparently observed in closely related Bacillus strains. Front propagation provides an emergent, generic mechanism for microbial “speciation,” and suggests a classification of microorganisms on the basis of their propensity to support propagating fronts.
Synthesis–Structure–Property Relations in Layered, “Li-excess” Oxides Electrode Materials Li [ Li1 / 3 − 2x / 3NixMn2 / 3 − x / 3 ] O2 (x = 1 / 3 , 1/4, and 1/5)

Relations between synthesis conditions, detailed crystal structures, and electrochemical properties of the Li-excess layered oxides Li[Ni{sub x}Li{sub 1/3-2x/3}Mn{sub 2/3-x/3}]O{sub 2}(0 < x < 1/2) are studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (EELS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron energy-loss spectrometry, combined with electrochemical property measurements including potentiostatic intermittent titration technique (PITT). Optimal synthesis conditions are obtained for stoichiometric samples sintered at 1000 C in air followed by furnace cooling. The materials exhibit capacities of {approx}250, 230, and 200 mAh/g within a voltage range of 2-4.8 V on discharge for x = 1/5, 1/4 and 1/3, respectively. Diffraction data of electrochemically cycled electrode materials show an expanded c/a lattice ratio and changing Li/Ni interlayer mixing indicating peculiar cation migration in the structures. High resolution TEM images and XPS spectra show obvious differences in the surface characteristics of the samples synthesized with stoichiometric and excess amount of LiOH, suggesting that surface characteristics is one of the contributing factors to the difference in electrochemical properties. Our results suggest that the first cycle irreversible capacity is affected by both the bulk and surface characteristics of pristine materials, which is strongly influenced by precursor chemistry. The PITT results suggest that more » cation rearrangement during the charge/discharge has a significant impact on the lithium chemical diffusivity. « less
Restricted variation in the glycosylation of human α1-acid glycoprotein

The glycosylation patterns of multiglycosylated proteins reflect both the cellular control of glycosyl transferase activity and the local control of the transfer event. Little information is available concerning these mechanisms. Changes in glycosylation occur in the disease state and provide a convenient way of examining the control mechanism(s) operating at individual glycosylation sites. Chromatographic methods have been applied to the human orosomucoid (OMD) isolated from seventeen different pathologies. Based on the distribution of the glycans at the individual sites it is clear that the major protein-glycan interactions that restrict glycosylation in “normal” OMD remain intact in the disease state in the presence of changing glycosyl transferase activity.
A better lunar yardstick

Since the mid-1980s, scientists have measured the approximately 384,140 kilometers distance from the center of the Moon to the center of Earth to a margin of about 2 centimeters. But Tom Murphy, a University of Washington (UW) postdoctoral researcher in physics and astronomy wants an even more precise measurement. In acquiring the improved distance measure, Murphy and his UW team—astronomy professor Christopher Stubbs, physics professor Eric Adelberger, and physics graduate student Jana Strasburg—will perform one of the most sensitive tests ever done on several features of gravity. They will test Einstein's equivalence principal which concerns the acceleration of bodies of different composition and the variability of the strength of gravitational interaction. The team also will be undertaking a feasibility study for performing laser-ranging experiments from space.
Atmospheric input of inorganic nitrogen to Delaware Bay

The coastal waters of the mid-Atlantic region of the United States receive inputs of atmospheric pollutants as a consequence of being located downwind from major industrial and urban emissions. These inputs are potentially the largest received by any marine area of the country. Of current interest is the atmospheric input of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN = NO3 −+NH4 +). We have conducted a first-order examination of the magnitude of atmospheric DIN deposition relative to other large-scale inputs for Delaware Bay, a partially urbanized mid-Atlantic coastal plain estuary. The following loading terms: direct atmospheric deposition, indirect atmospheric loading, urban point discharges, fluvial input, benthic flux, and salt marsh export were evaluated. On an annual basis, municipal-industrial effluents provide a dominant source (ca. 40%) of the DIN inputs to the estuary. Total (wet plus dry) atmospheric deposition accounts for about 15% of the total annual DIN inputs. However, during summer, which is characterized by low river-flow and seasonally maximum atmospheric loading, this figure increases to around 25%. Although atmospheric input can satisfy only a fraction of the primary production demands, this summer flux may represent an ecologically important source of external DIN, half of which is directly deposited to surface photic zones where it is readily available for biological uptake.
Probing the Electronic Structure of [MoOS4]- Centers Using Anionic Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Using photodetachment photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) in the gas phase, we investigated the electronic structure and chemical bonding of six anionic [Mo(V)O](3+) complexes, [MoOX(4)](-) (where X = Cl (1), SPh (2), and SPh-p-Cl (3)), [MoO(edt)(2)](-) (4), [MoO(bdt)(2)](-) (5), and [MoO(bdtCl(2))(2)](-) (6) (where edt = ethane-1,2-dithiolate, bdt = benzene-1,2-dithiolate, and bdtCl(2) = 3,6-dichlorobenzene-1,2-dithiolate). The gas-phase PES data revealed a wealth of new electronic structure information about the [Mo(V)O](3+) complexes. The energy separations between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and HOMO-1 were observed to be dependent on the O-Mo-S-C(alpha) dihedral angles and ligand types, being relatively large for the monodentate ligands, 1.32 eV for Cl and 0.78 eV for SPh and SPhCl, compared to those of the bidentate dithiolate complexes, 0.47 eV for edt and 0.44 eV for bdt and bdtCl(2). The threshold PES feature in all six species is shown to have the same origin and is due to detaching the single unpaired electron in the HOMO, mainly of Mo 4d character. This result is consistent with previous theoretical calculations and is verified by comparison with the PES spectra of two d(0) complexes, [VO(bdt)(2)](-) and [VO(bdtCl(2))(2)](-). The observed PES features are interpreted on the basis of theoretical calculations and previous spectroscopic studies in the condensed phase.
Optical Modeling of Radial Keratotomy Incision Patterns

Purpose To determine the optical effects of higher-order corneal shape variations resulting from radial keratotomy. Methods Videokeratoscopic height data were obtained postoperatively from several patients who had undergone radial keratotomy. For each of clear central zone sizes 3.00 mm, 4.00 mm, and 4.75 mm, two patients were chosen randomly from the larger study group. Data obtained 2 weeks postoperatively from these six patients were decomposed into the Zernike polynomials, and the low-order expansion terms were removed to disclose corneal height variations (the radial keratotomy artifact). The artifact was applied to a schematic eye model, and exact ray-tracing was used to evaluate visual performance, which was defined as a function of pupil diameter, optical zone (central clear zone) size, and radial keratotomy artifact centration. Results The radial keratotomy artifact degrades visual performance at midspatial frequencies more than it does at high spatial frequencies. This effect is most pronounced for smaller optical zones and for a pupil diameter of 4 mm. Visual performance remains nearly constant for small decentration (0.5 mm or less) of the radial keratotomy optical zone from the corneal apex. Conclusions Residual refractive error, corneal asphericity, and the radial keratotomy artifact all affect visual performance after radial keratotomy. Isolated effects of the radial keratotomy artifact degrade visual performance, with the level of degradation dependent on pupil size, optical zone size, and centration of the procedure. More research is necessary to combine the radial keratotomy artifact with changes in corneal asphericity and to further quantify the optical effects of radial keratotomy.
Conflict Inhibitory Control Facilitates Pretense Quality in Young Preschoolers.

The present research explores the role of inhibitory control (IC) in young preschoolers’ pretense ability using an ego depletion paradigm. In Experiment 1 (N = 56), children's pretense ability was assessed either before or after participating in conflict IC or control tasks, and in Experiment 2 (N = 36), pretense ability was measured after children engaged in either conflict or delay IC tasks. In both experiments, pretense scores were significantly higher only after engaging in conflict IC tasks. Further, pretense scores were positively correlated with IC scores when conflict IC was not experienced first. This pattern of results suggests that IC may underlie pretense, and conflict IC can boost the quality of children's subsequent pretending.
Perpendicular Transport of Charged Particles in Composite Model Turbulence: Recovery of Diffusion

The computation of charged particle orbits in model turbulent magnetic fields is used to investigate the properties of particle transport in the directions perpendicular to the large-scale magnetic field. Recent results by Qin, Matthaeus, & Bieber demonstrate that parallel scattering suppresses perpendicular diffusion to a subdiffusive level when the turbulence lacks transverse structure. Here numerical computations are used to show that in turbulence in which there is substantial transverse structure, a second regime of diffusive transport can be established. In both the subdiffusion regime and this second diffusion regime, perpendicular transport is intrinsically nonlinear. The regime of second diffusion persists for long times and may therefore be of interest in astrophysical transport problems such as the scattering and solar modulation of cosmic rays.
Digital Futures: Strategies for the Information Age

Digital Futures. The title is (intentionally) ambiguous. What is the future of digital formats? On the other hand, do your digital formats have a future? This book is a sound, although sometimes ne...
Age-related alterations in noradrenergic neurotransmission in Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 rat strains

This study compares the electrophysiological effects of locally applied norepinephrine and phencyclidine between 3 month old, 18.20 month old, and 24–26 month old Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 rats. Micro-pressure injection through multi-bareled micropipettes was used to apply drugs and record depressant effects on the discharge rate of single cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Neurons from the 3 month old animals were significantly more sensitive to locally applied norepinephrine and phencyclidine than cerebellar Purkinje cells recorded from the older age groups. These results were observed in both rat strains tested. The results suggest that decreased post-synaptic sensitivity to norepinephrine is a concomitant of aging in these animals.
Laparoscopic versus open inguinal hernia repair in octogenarians.

This retrospective chart review was designed to compare outcomes for open and laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernias in the population over the age of 80. A retrospective chart review was conducted for 104 patients over 80 years old who underwent inguinal hernia repair (2005–2008) at The Mount Sinai Medical Center. Patients were grouped into laparoscopic or open repair cohorts and compared accordingly. The open group (n = 73) and the laparoscopic group (n = 31) had mean ages of 84 and 83 years, respectively. The mean American Society of Anesthesiologists score was 2.6 for the open cohort and 2.3 for the laparoscopic group (P < 0.05). Peri-operative complications in the open and laparoscopic groups were not found to be statistically significant. There was no mortality in either group. With octogenarians, laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair can be performed as a safe alternative to open repair with comparable rates of morbidity and mortality.
Procedural modeling of structurally-sound masonry buildings

We introduce structural feasibility into procedural modeling of buildings. This allows for more realistic structural models that can be interacted with in physical simulations. While existing structural analysis tools focus heavily on providing an analysis of the stress state, our proposed method automatically tunes a set of designated free parameters to obtain forms that are structurally sound.
An updated clinicopathologic study of early-stage uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC).

Abstract Objectives Stage I–II uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) patients have a significant risk for extrapelvic recurrence. However, clinicopathologic risk factors for recurrence are not well understood. This study was undertaken to define the prognostic factors for recurrence and survival in patients with early-stage UPSC. Methods A retrospective, multi-institution analysis of surgically staged I–II UPSC patients was performed. Patients were treated by various adjuvant modalities. Age, race, sub-stage, percentage UPSC histology, lymphvascular space invasion (LVSI), tumor size and adjuvant treatment modality were evaluated for their effect on recurrence and survival outcomes. Results We identified 206 patients. Forty patients (19.4%) had 5–49% UPSC, 55 (26.7%) had 50–99% and 111 patients (53.9%) had 100% UPSC in their respective uterine specimens. Twenty one percent of patients experienced a primary recurrence. On univariate analysis, age, increasing %UPSC, LVSI, and tumor size were not significantly associated with recurrence or progression-free survival (PFS). However, substage (p = 0.005) and treatment with platinum/taxane-based chemotherapy (p = 0.001) were associated with recurrence/PFS. On multivariate analysis, only chemotherapy (p = 0.01) was a significant factor affecting PFS, whereas age (p = 0.05), substage (p = 0.05), and chemotherapy (p = 0.02) were associated with overall survival. Conclusions Traditional risk factors for recurrence and survival in patients with early-stage endometrial cancer may not be relevant in patients with UPSC. Patients with any percentage UPSC in their uterine specimens are at a significant risk for recurrence and poor survival outcomes. Given that current clinicopathologic data does not accurately identify women most likely to benefit from adjuvant therapy, alternative prognostic markers based on novel techniques should be explored.
Focused Anecdotal Records Assessment: A Tool for Standards‐based, Authentic Assessment

This article describes the tension between standards-based assessment on a macrolevel and authentic assessment on a microlevel. Content standards arguably supply systematic criteria for quantitative measures to report trends and establish policy. Qualitative measures, such as rubrics, student profiles, and observational records, fill in the gaps to give teachers immediate feedback for instructional planning. The purpose of the article is to describe an observational tool for standards-based authentic assessment. Focused anecdotal records assessment (ARA) is a collection of techniques for recording, maintaining, and analyzing observational records. Five components are described: (1) observing children in instructional settings, (2) maintaining a standards-based focus, (3) recording anecdotal records, (4) managing anecdotal records, and (5) using anecdotal records for assessment. The article includes formats for recording specific standards, observational data, summaries of strengths and needs, and instructional recommendations. Focused ARAs help organize assessment data and facilitate communication with students, parents, and other members of the educational community.
Necessity of juvenile hormone for choriogenesis in the moth, Heliothis virescens (Noctuidae)

Summary Hormones such as ecdysone, juvenile hormone and neurosecretions have been shown to regulate vitellogenesis, the process of yolk synthesis and deposition, in insects. Surprisingly, although choriogenesis, the process of eggshell formation, has been studied from biochemical, morphological, and genetic viewpoints, little is known of its hormonal regulation. We report here that juvenile hormone (JH) is essential for choriogenesis in the tobacco budworm moth, Heliothis virescens. Decapitated adult females are unable to deposit the chorion, or eggshell, while injection of JH III into decapitated females results in production of chorionated eggs comparable to that in normal females 24 h later. This suggests that JH alone is sufficient to restore choriogenic capabilities in decapitated moths. Treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone does not restore choriogenesis in decapitated insects. Choriogenesis in virgin H. virescens females is inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by precocene II but not by precocene I.
The Importance of Systematic Reflection: Implications of a Naturalistic Model of Research

La recherche depend non seulement du chercheur, des enquetes, des outils culturels et du climat mais aussi par les phases de recherche. De plus, le chercheur se cree des theories pratiques personnelles qui encadrent sa recherche qualitative
UFlood: High-throughput flooding over wireless mesh networks

This paper proposes UFlood, a flooding protocol for wireless mesh networks. UFlood targets situations such as software updates where all nodes need to receive the same large file of data, and where limited radio range requires forwarding. UFlood's goals are high throughput and low airtime, defined respectively as rate of completion of a flood to the slowest receiving node and total time spent transmitting. The key to achieving these goals is good choice of sender for each transmission opportunity. The best choice evolves as a flood proceeds in ways that are difficult to predict.
The nature of the secondary conidia of Sporothrix schenckii.

Observations of secondary conidium production in an African strain ofS. schenckii revealed that secondary conidia are produced (1) acropetally on short sterigmata, (2) sympodially on short conidial appendages, and/or (3) sympodially or acropetally on short sporogenous cells which arise directly from the primary conidium. The secondary conidia therefore appear also to be sympodulospores.
μ opioid receptor agonist DAMGO-induced suppression of saccharin intake in Lewis and Fischer rats

Rats suppress intake of a saccharin cue when paired with a drug of abuse such as morphine or cocaine. Relative to Lewis rats, Fischer rats exhibit greater avoidance of a saccharin cue following saccharin-morphine pairings. The present study used the mu agonist, [D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAMGO), to test whether strain differences in sensitivity of the mu receptor contribute to this effect. Water-deprived Lewis and Fischer rats were given 5 min access to 0.15% saccharin followed by an icv injection of either DAMGO (0.5 microg/1 microl/rat) or an equal volume of saline. There were six taste-drug pairings occurring at 48 h intervals. The results showed that, relative to the saline treated controls, all rats reduced intake of the saccharin cue following saccharin-DAMGO pairings. No differences occurred between strains. These data suggest that greater morphine-induced suppression of saccharin intake by the Fischer rats is not likely mediated by differences in sensitivity of the mu receptor. Other mechanisms are implicated.
Close-to-optimal and near-optimal broadcasting in random graphs

Abstract Broadcasting in random graphs has drawn increasing attention in the past years. Various results have been previously shown related to the minimum time needed to broadcast a message from any vertex to all the vertices of Gn,p random graphs. We prove here that in Gn,p random graphs for the value of probability p used in Gerbessiotis, near-optimal broadcast can be achieved, with high probability, in llg n + O(lg lg lg n) time steps, an improvement over the previous time bound of lg n + O(lg lg n). It is assumed that at any time step a given vertex could either transmit to or receive from at most one other vertex one message in unit time. We also prove that for p = c lg lg lg n log n n , for any constant c > 16, a message held by any vertex of a Gn,p random graph can be broadcast to all other vertices in at most lgn + 1 time steps, with high probability. Both proofs use techniques from the works of Gerbessiotis, and Scheinerman and Wierman (1989) as well as new ones that allow the new results to be obtained.
Singular homology on hypergestures

In this chapter we interpret the basic cubic chain spaces of singular homology in terms of hypergestures in a topological space over a series of copies of the arrow digraph o. This interpretation allows for a generalized homological setup. The generalization is (1) to topological categories instead of topological spaces, and (2) to any sequence of digraph pΓnqnPZ instead of the constant series of O. We then define the corresponding chain complexes, and prove the core boundary operator equation B2 “ 0, enabling the associated homology modules over a commutative ring R. We discuss some geometric examples and a musical one, interpreting contrapuntal rules in terms of singular homology.
Effect of cold rolling on the indentation deformation of AA6061 aluminum alloy

The indentation behavior of cold-rolled AA6061 Al alloy was investigated. Following the approach suggested by Tabor, indentation stress-indentation strain curves were constructed and analyzed. The indentation stress required to create the same indentation strain increases with an increase in the reduction of thickness, suggesting a strong effect of plastic deformation history on the deformation behavior of materials. Through the dislocation dynamics, the evolution of the dislocations underneath the indentation was correlated with the plastic deformation history and the indentation load. The plastic energy dissipated in indentation was then calculated and found to be proportional to the 3/2 power of the indentation load and the 3/4 power of the average dislocation density underneath the indentation. The ratio of the dissipated plastic energy to the total energy in the indentation was demonstrated to be a function of the deformation state in materials, independent of the indentation load.
BIOCHEMISTRY OF FERN SPORE PROTEINS: GLOBULIN STORAGE PROTEINS IN ONOCLEA SENSIBILIS AND OSMUNDA CINNAMOMEA.

Onoclea sensibilis was found to contain globulin storage proteins of 2.0S and 11.3S. These globulins, comparable in size and subunit composition to the spore storage proteins characterized in Matteuccia struthiopteris (Templeman, DeMaggio, and Stetler, 1987), declined during imbibition and the initial stages of spore germination. Osmunda cinnamomea, a fern that is only distantly related to Matteuccia, also contained globulin proteins, but these had S values of 5.5 and 11.3. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed extensive differences in banding patterns of the 11.3S protein between Onoclea and Osmunda. This work indicates that while globulin proteins are important storage materials in a variety of ferns they exhibit considerable molecular heterogeneity. The observed heterogeneity in the globulin proteins may be a useful tool to explore evolutionary relationships in the ferns.
Laser-induced disruption of systemically administered liposomes for targeted drug delivery.

Liposomal formulations of drugs have been shown to en- hance drug efficacy by prolonging circulation time, increasing local concentration and reducing off-target effects. Controlled release from these formulations would increase their utility, and hyperthermia has been explored as a stimulus for targeted delivery of encapsulated drugs. Use of lasers as a thermal source could provide improved con- trol over the release of the drug from the liposomes with minimal collateral tissue damage. Appropriate methods for assessing local re- lease after systemic delivery would aid in testing and development of better formulations. We use in vivo bioluminescence imaging to in- vestigate the spatiotemporal distribution of luciferin, used as a model small molecule, and demonstrate laser-induced release from lipo- somes in animal models after systemic delivery. These liposomes were tested for luciferin release between 37 and 45 °C in PBS and serum using bioluminescence measurements. In vivo studies were performed on transgenic reporter mice that express luciferase constitutively throughout the body, thus providing a noninvasive readout for con- trolled release following systemic delivery. An Nd:YLF laser was used 527 nm to heat tissues and induce rupture of the intravenously de- livered liposomes in target tissues. These data demonstrate laser- mediated control of small molecule delivery using thermally sensitive liposomal formulations. © 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. DOI: 10.1117/1.3174410
Comments on Bechtel, “Levels of description and explanation in cognitive science”

I begin by tracing some of the confusions regarding levels and “reduction” to a failure to distinguish two different principles according to which theories can be viewed as hierarchically arranged — epistemic authority and ontological constitution. I then argue that the notion of levels relevant to the debate between symbolic and connectionist paradigms of mental activity answers to neither of these models, but is rather correlative to the hierarchy of functional decompositions of cognitive tasks characteristic of “homuncular functionalism”. Finally, I suggest that the incommensurability of the intentional and extensional vocabularies constitutes a strongprima facie reason to conclude that there is little likelihood of filling in the story of Bechtel's “missing level” in such a way as to bridge the gap between such “homuncular functionalism” and his own model of mechanistic explanation.
UWB Channel Measurements for Accurate Indoor Localization

Recently, indoor localization has attracted considerable attention. More importantly, indoor channel measurements and models are very essential to accurate characterization of the ranging error for military applications. This paper provides the results of UWB measurements and modeling performed for indoor geolocation applications. The measurement campaign took place in the Worcester, MA in a modern office building, a manufacturing floor, a residential house, and an old office building. A total of 2934 wideband measurements at frequency band of 3-8 GHz were collected in the four sites. Measurements were divided into indoor-to-indoor, outdoor-to-indoor, and roof-to-indoor conditions with two different polarity of the mobile antenna representing an upright soldier and a soldier lying on the ground. The models developed from the measurements represent a number of propagation scenarios for different areas in each set of measurements. In this paper we provide novel path-loss models of the first-detected path (FDP) and the total power which is essential for localization applications. In addition ranging error models are also provided which characterizes the behavior of the direct-path (DP) and its relationship to the error. All the models are presented for two different bandwidths of 500 MHz and 3 GHz.
Osteogenesis imperfecta: the molecular basis of clinical heterogeneity.

During the last six years we have attempted to determine the molecular basis of osteogenesis irnperfecta (01) by analyzing the collagenous proteins synthesized by dermal fibroblasts cultured from affected individuals, their parents, and other family members. During that time we have studied members of more than 400 unrelated families, or, we estimate, between one and five percent of all families with 01 in the United States. These studies have, along with those from other laboratories (see REFS. 1, 2 for reviews), provided molecular confirmation of the broad outline of clinical classification currently in use,' demonstrated the spectrum of mutations in collagen genes that give rise to clinically distinct forms of 01, helped to understand how mutations result in alterations in collagen metabolism, demonstrated that the study of proteins is an essential first step in the analysis of collagen mutations, and revealed a number of surprises about the nature of inheritance of different forms of 01. In this
Quantitative structure — Biodegradability relationships for alchols, ketones and alicyclic compounds

Abstract Biodegradation of 17 alcohols and 11 ketones was determined using the BOD technique. Quantitative structure-biodegradability relationships, based on n -octanol/water partition coefficients, are reported for these compounds, as well as a series of alicyclic compounds studied by Pitter.
Conductance studies on lithium salt-acetonitrile solutions at 25°C

Conductance studies have been performed at 25°C on acetonitrile solutions containing LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiSCN, and LiAsF6. The data for LiI and LiAsF6 were analyzed by the Fuoss-Onsager theory for nonassociated electrolytes, while the data for LiBr, LiCl, and LiSCN could be fitted to one of the Fuoss equations for associated electrolytes. The limiting equivalent conductances of these salts exhibit the order LiSCN>LiAsF6>LiI>LiBr>LiCl, which leads to the conclusion that the smaller ions have a higher effective ionic size due to the solvation by acetonitrile. The salts LiI and LiAsF6 appear to be completely dissociated, whereas LiBr is found to be moderately associated and LiSCN and LiCl are considerably associated in acetonitrile.
Drug use and deviation from self-concept norms

The more the deviation from a sex-and-grade, self-concept score norm (as indexed on a pair-comparisons, adjectival inventory), the greater the incidence of reported drug use. This assertion applies (a) to both sexes (teenagers) for beer and wine, cigarettes, hard liquor, and marijuana, and (b) to males alone for speed and LSD.
Some Effects of Elasticity on Lunar Rotation

A general Hamiltonian function for a rotating moon in the field of the earth is expanded in terms of parameters orienting the spin angular momentum relative to the principal axes of the moon and relative to coordinate axes fixed in the orbit plane. The effects of elastic distortion are included as modifications of the moment of inertia tensor, where the magnitude of the distortion is parameterized by the Love number k sub 2.
Low-temperature diffusion of dopant atoms in silicon during interfacial silicide formation

It has been recently reported that the formation of transition-metal silicides induces a strong enhancement of dopant diffusion in silicon at low temperatures (\ensuremath{\sim}250\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C). However, the mechanism which is responsible for the enhanced diffusion has not been addressed. We have undertaken a systematic study to clarify the mechanism. Our results show that diffusion enhancement occurs only as a result of advancing silicide-silicon interfaces. We also find that diffusion enhancement is a unique feature of the interfacial formation of near-noble-metal silicides, but not refractory-metal silicides. By correlating these observations with the interstitial diffusion of near-noble-metal atoms in silicon, we propose that during silicide formation a large number of point defects is generated in the silicon near the silicide-silicon interface, and that these point defects are responsible for the enhanced diffusivity of substitutional dopants at low temperatures.