cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Neutron Energy Spectrum from U 235 Thermal Fission

A Ranger measurement of the distribution-in-range of knock-on protons from thin paraffin layers indicates the distribution-in-energy from 0.4 Mev to 7 Mev of the neutrons emitted from uranium bombarded by neutrons from the thermal column of the Argonne Heavy Water Reactor. The spectrum shows a broad maximum near 0.75 Mev and follows closely an exponential drop from 2 Mev to 7 Mev with a relaxation energy of 1.55 Mev. The observed neutron intensity does not go to zero below 16 Mev.
Robust Pilot Detection Techniques for Channel Estimation and Symbol Detection in OFDM Systems

In this letter, we propose new frequency-domain pilot-multiplexing techniques (FDPMTs) for the channel estimation and equalization in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. A robust and effective pilot insertion and detection scheme is devised thereby. These pilot positions are optimally selected to minimize the distortion of the transmitted time-domain signal caused by the subcarrier-removal at the corresponding pilot positions. Besides, three different blind pilot-detection techniques are designed at the receiver without any a priori knowledge of the pilot positions, and the distorted data symbols can thus be iteratively reconstructed. Rigorous theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulation results both demonstrate that our proposed new OFDM system using dynamical pilot positions is more robust than the conventional OFDM system using the fixed pilot positions over multipath fading channels.
Further evidence for an approach-avoidance interpretation of selective exposure

Abstract Lowin (1967) proposed an approach-avoidance model of exposure to discrepant information which argued that approach would be favored by a higly confident actor anticipating an easily refutable message. In this study, actor confidence and message ease of refutation were independently manipulated in a factorial design. While the message ease of refutation hypothesis was again confirmed, the actor confidence hypothesis received no support. Other relevant studies and implications of the theory are discussed.
Experiences with analytic and simulation modeling for a factory of the future project at IBM

Simulation models have been used extensively for manufacturing systems design analysis. Simulation modeling is a flexible and powerful technique but model development, debugging, modification, and analysis is a time consuming process. Because of this, it is possible to address only a limited number of design issues using simulation models alone.This paper discusses the application of an analysis methodology employing two techniques, queueing network and simulation modeling, to effectively address a variety of issues during the design of a factory of the future at IBM. The queueing network model was used for the initial analysis to quickly reduce a wide range of design alternatives. The simulation model was used to further study alternatives that had been selected using the queueing network analysis. The model included details which were not considered during the initial analysis.Our experience from this project indicates that queueing network models are effective at the initial analysis level. Simulation models should be used only after the alternative choices have been substantially reduced. They can be used, however, to address issues not included previously and to ensure that the assumptions made earlier are still valid. Results from the queueing network models also can be used to design as well as debug and verify simulation models.
Generalized born fragment charge model for solvation effects as a function of reaction coordinate

Abstract A generalized Born dielectric continuum model is used to calculate the solvation energy of the S N 2 reaction Cl − (aq) + CH 3 Cl(aq) at three points along the reaction path, using fragment charges and gas-phase energies computed by electronic structure calculations at the MP2/6–31G** level. The results are comparable in accuracy to much more difficult computations involving many-body treatments of the solvent.
Communication Development in Vietnam: The Politics of Planning

Vietnam's communication policies since the 1980s have shown a curious dualism in their treatment of the mass communications and telecommunications sectors. While the development of telecommunications has been undertaken with increasing participation from foreign firms operating under liberalized investment policies, the mass media experienced limited freedoms from state controls for only a short period, followed by rapid retrenchment by the Vietnamese Communist Party. This study describes the historical development of the two communication sectors and documents policy trends affecting each over the last five years. The study then explores Vietnam's shifting political economy during the same period, finding that the country's efforts simultaneously to maintain its Communist political ideology and to develop its economy through free-market mechanisms and foreign invest ment explain the tenuous dualism in communications policy.
Development of a flow cytometric assay to study glucocorticoid receptor-mediated gene activation in living cells

Abstract A flow cytometry-based reporter gene assay was developed and utilized to measure glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated gene activation at the single cell level in living cells. A reporter gene was generated that contains two copies of the glucocorticoid response element and an E1b TATA box upstream of a destabilized enhanced green fluorescent protein. Glucocorticoid activation of the reporter gene in Cos-1 and HTC cell lines was measured in vivo by flow cytometry and was shown to be dose dependent, leading to an increase in total fluorescence of the cell population. Flow cytometric analysis indicated this increase in total fluorescence per sample resulted from an increase in the number of cells expressing the activated green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter as well as an overall increase in the mean GFP fluorescence within cells. Activation of reporter gene activity was time dependent occurring as early as 1–2 h after dexamethasone addition. Activation of the reporter gene was specific as it exhibited different sensitivities to a range of glucocorticoids and activation could be blocked with glucocorticoid receptor antagonists. Coexpression of the coactivator SRC-1a or P65 subunit of NF-kappa B with GR led to enhancement or repression, respectively. Taken together, these data suggest the reporter-based flow cytometry assay is an effective method for analyzing glucocorticoid receptor-mediated gene expression at the single cell level in living cells.
Effects of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) on secretion of estradiol-17β and cortisol in 90 to 100 day hysterectomized, intact and ovariectomized pregnant ewes

Abstract Vehicle or 8 or 16 mg PGF 2α /58 kg/body weight (BW) was given intramuscularly to intact, hysterectomized and ovariectomized 90 to 100 day pregnant ewes in three separate experiments. Hysterectomy alone decreased (P⩽0.05) estradiol-17β in jugular venous blood by 80 percent within 16 hours and profiles of estradiol-17β did not differ (P⩾0.05) among vehicle or 8 or 16 mg PGF 2α /58 kg/BW-treated ewes. Profiles of estradiol-17β differed (P⩽0.05) in intact pregnant ewes treated with 8 or 16 mg PGF 2α /58 kg/BW when compared to controls and in ovariectomized (P⩽0.10) 90 to 100 day pregnant ewes treated with 16 mg PGF 2α /58 kg/BW. Estradiol-17β decreased (P⩽0.05) over time in vehicle and 8 mg PGF 2α /58 kg/BW-treated intact and in vehicle-treated ovariectomized 90 to 100 day pregnant ewes. Cortisol decreased (P⩽0.05) over time in hysterectomized, intact, and ovariectomized 90 to 100 day pregnant ewes, but did not differ (P⩾0.05) among vehicle or 8 or 16 mg PGF 2α /58 kg/BW-treated ewes. It is suggested that estradiol-17β has a role in regulating ovine placental steroidogenesis.
Cooling Energy-Hungry Data Centers

Soon after the Internet took off in the mid-1990s, enterprise computing infrastructures with warehouses full of servers, known as data centers, became commonplace. The energy consumption challenges posed by such data centers are considerable. The power dissipation of servers has to be managed skillfully. Perhaps surprisingly, the power consumption of the cooling infrastructure that is required to keep the microelectronic components from overheating is on a par with that of the servers themselves.
Structure and activity of platinum–silica catalysts prepared by a combustion process

By combustion of a mixture of silicone oil and chloroplatinic acid and organic solvents, Pt–SiO2 catalysts with Pt concentrations between 37 and 90% have been prepared and their activity in benzene hydrogenation has been tested in a static system. The special structural characteristics conferred on the catalysts by the combustion method, i.e. small Pt particles with smooth round surfaces well separated by silica, ensure good resistance to de-activation by exposure to elevated temperatures as well as to atmospheres with high humidity at low temperatures.
This column will self destruct

Purpose – This column aims to focus on the obsolescence of technology, and the problems associated with the archiving, storage and retrieval of data.Design/methodology/approach – The column takes the form of a viewpoint paper.Findings – All technology is susceptible to obsolescence, meaning that information can be lost due to changes in hardware and software. A book or printed photograph created today may have a greater chance of still existing and being accessible in 2060 than the more advanced digital file or photo.Originality/value – The column provides food for thought on issues of archiving, data storage and retrieval, and the growth in the quantity of information available.
An analysis of the effectiveness of public accounting internship programs at major New York city CPA firms

Abstract This study examines the effectiveness of public accounting internship programs at large CPA firms in New York City. It was found that these programs are effective in helping interns obtain a better understanding of professional practice except in the area relating to specialization.
Impaired Suppression of Sympathetic Activity during Fasting in the Gold Thioglucose-treated Mouse

Sympathetic activity in rats and mice is diminished by fasting and increased by sucrose feeding. The central neural mechanisms coordinating changes in the functional state of sympathetic nerves with changes in dietary intake are unknown, but a role for neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is suggested by the existence of sympathetic connections within the VMH and the importance of this region in the regulation of feeding behavior. To investigate the potential role of the VMH in dietary regulation of sympathetic activity [(3)H]norepinephrine turnover was measured in the hearts of fasted and sucrose-fed mice after treatment with gold thioglucose (AuTG). In control mice, norepinephrine (NE) turnover was 1.60+/-0.92 ng NE/heart per h (95% confidence limits) after 1 d of fasting and 4.58+/-0.98 after 3 d of sucrose feeding, although, in AuTG-treated mice, cardiac NE turnover in fasting was 5.45+/-1.56 and with sucrose feeding, 5.44+/-0.76. Experiments with ganglionic blockade indicate that the absence of dietary effect on NE turnover in AuTG-treated mice reflects a corresponding lack of change in central sympathetic outflow. AuTG administration, therefore, disrupts dietary regulation of sympathetic activity by abolishing the suppression of sympathetic activity that occurs with fasting. This effect of AuTG is unrelated to duration of fasting (up to 3 d) and is specific for AuTG because neither treatment with another gold thio compound (gold thiomalate) nor the presence of genetic obesity (ob/ob) prevented fasting suppression of sympathetic activity. Moreover, AuTG treatment did not impair sympathetic activation by cold exposure (4 degrees C) nor adrenal medullary stimulation by 2-deoxy-d-glucose. Thus, AuTG treatment selectively impairs dietary regulation of sympathetic activity, possibly by destruction of neurons in the VMH.
Organic carbon distribution in the North Atlantic Ocean during the last glacial maximum

Abstract The organic carbon content of eighty-two last glacial maximum (LGM) sediment samples from the North Atlantic Ocean was determined with a Coulometer. Organic carbon in these sediments averaged about 0.5% by weight, slightly higher than in modern sediments. Factors that control organic carbon distribution were examined in two ways: by mapping the spatial distribution of organic carbon during the LGM and by comparing organic carbon content to sediment characteristics. In general, sediment organic content increases with increasing sedimentation rate, increasing clay content, and decreasing carbonate content. The spatial distribution of LGM organic content is similar in most respects to the mapped modern distribution, the primary exception being areas of high organic content. One area of high organic content off nortwest Africa is situated in the same area geographically but is larger than its modern counterpart perhaps indicating that wind-driven upwelling was more intense and/or widespread during the LGM. The two other areas of high organic carbon content, the North American margin and west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) at about 40°N, have no modern counterpart. On the North American margin, south of Cape Cod, organic carbon content is generally >0.6% and in several samples is >0.9%. The increased organic carbon content of sediment in this area appears to be related to an increase in sedimentation rate and the concomitant increase in inorganic nutrients. The area west of the MAR is more perplexing and appears to be related to changes in LGM surface circulation.
Etiology of Ibrutinib Therapy Discontinuation and Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Importance The Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib is effective in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Reasons for discontinuing therapy with this drug and outcomes following discontinuation have not been evaluated outside of clinical trials with relatively short follow-up. Objective To determine features associated with discontinuation of ibrutinib therapy and outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants A total of 308 patients participating in 4 sequential trials of ibrutinib at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center were included. These clinical trials accrued patients included in this analysis from May 2010 until April 2014, and data were locked in June 2014. Main Outcomes and Measures Patients were evaluated for time to therapy discontinuation, reasons for discontinuation, and survival following discontinuation. For patients who discontinued therapy because of disease progression, targeted deep sequencing was performed in samples at baseline and time of relapse. Results With a median follow-up of 20 months, 232 patients remained on therapy, 31 had discontinued because of disease progression, and 45 had discontinued for other reasons. Disease progression includes Richter’s transformation (RT) or progressive CLL. Richter’s transformation appeared to occur early and CLL progressions later (cumulative incidence at 12 months, 4.5% [95% CI, 2.0%-7.0%] and 0.3% [95% CI, 0%-1.0%], respectively). Median survival following RT was 3.5 months (95% CI, 0.3-6.0 months) and 17.6 months (95% CI, 4.7 months–“not reached”) following CLL progression. Sequencing on peripheral blood from 8 patients with RT revealed 2 with mutations in BTK , and a lymph node sample showed no mutations in BTK or PLCG2 . Deep sequencing on 11 patients with CLL progression revealed BTK or PLCG2 mutations in all. These mutations were not identified before treatment in any patient. Conclusions and Relevance This single-institution experience with ibrutinib confirms it to be an effective therapy and identifies, for the first time, baseline factors associated with ibrutinib therapy discontinuation. Outcomes data show poor prognosis after discontinuation, especially for those patients with RT. Finally, sequencing data confirm initial reports associating mutations in BTK and PLCG2 with progression and clearly show that CLL progressions are associated with these mutations, while RT is likely not. Trial Registrations clinicaltrials.gov Identifiers:NCT01105247,NCT01217749,NCT01589302, andNCT01578707
Modification of Directional Emission from a Deformed Microsphere by Surrounding Medium

Far field emission of a deformed glass microsphere is measured in two surrounding media. Dynamical eclipsing causes the emission pattern to exhibit qualitative differeneces when the spheroid is immersed in water rather than air.
Individual differences in the experience of cognitive workload

This study investigated the roles of four psychosocial variables – anxiety, conscientiousness, emotional intelligence, and Protestant work ethic – on subjective ratings of cognitive workload as measured by the Task Load Index (TLX) and the further connections between the four variables and TLX ratings of task performance. The four variables represented aspects of an underlying construct of elasticity versus rigidity in response to workload. Participants were 141 undergraduates who performed a vigilance task under different speeded conditions while working on a jigsaw puzzle for 90 minutes. Regression analysis showed that anxiety and emotional intelligence were the two variables most proximally related to TLX ratings. TLX ratings contributed to the prediction of performance on the puzzle, but not the vigilance task. Severity error bias was evident in some of the ratings. Although working in pairs improved performance, it also resulted in higher ratings of temporal demand and perceived performance pressure.
If we build it will you come

When the "Adobe Connect Team" at Penn State's Education Technology Services started the first pilot of the Web-based desktop video conferencing system in January 2006, we set up a Web site for posting announcements and documentation. By July 2006, it became clear that a typical, static Web site wasn't going to provide adequate support for a product as complex as Adobe Connect. What we needed to create instead was a central repository of shared knowledge that could be easily accessed and contributed to by all of the various technical support and training units across the Penn State community as well as by individual community members. Using a Web 2.0 Content Management System, we designed a new Web site containing areas for documentation, training materials, Q&A, and much more. Each area also allows for contributions, both comments and materials, from everyone in the community. This new online community has become a model for collaboration and distributed support. The new model scales so well that it serves not just Penn State, but has become an international resource where Adobe Connect users can provide support for each other (meeting.psu.edu).
Oxygen Deficiency Hazard Induced by Helium Release in Accelerator Tunnel

Tests to investigate oxygen deficiency levels due to release of helium into the CBA tunnel are described. Results of the tests indicate that the helium stratifies and spreads quickly in the horizontal plane. This demonstrates that adequate warning of possible asphyxiation hazards can be achieved. When oxygen deficiency monitors are located at ceiling level they may be spaced at intervals of 60 m. or more and still achieve acceptable results.
Screening of protein crystallization trials by second order nonlinear optical imaging of chiral crystals (SONICC)

Second order nonlinear optical imaging of chiral crystals (SONICC) is a promising new method for the sensitive and selective detection of protein crystals. Relevant general principles of second harmonic generation, which underpins SONICC, are reviewed. Instrumentation and methods for SONICC measurements are described and critically assessed in terms of performance trade-offs. Potential origins of false-positives and false-negatives are also discussed.
The logarithm on time scales

We briefly present the well-studied exponential function on a time scale and pose the problem of finding an appropriate logarithm function on a time scale.
Simple model for lattice parameters and Tc of superconductors with the K2NiF4 structure

Abstract A simple “internal stress” approach, based on basal plane lattice parameter variation with alkaline earth substitution, is proposed for predicting the superconducting transition temperature T c of Ca, Sr and Ba-doped La 2 CuO 4 superconductors. Alkaline earth solutes on the La site directly cause volume changes and Poisson distortions, and indirectly cause Jahn-Teller distortions and contractions of the transition metal site. With an empirical correlation between lattice parameter and T c , this analysis predicts the effect of hydrostatic pressure, rationalizes observed lattice parameters and suggests other solutes.
Utility of hepatic iron index in American patients with hereditary hemochromatosis: A multicenter study

Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: A hepatic iron index (hepatic iron concentration divided by age) of more than 1.9 has been proposed as useful to identify patients with homozygous hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC). There are limited data on the diagnostic use of the hepatic iron index in patients with HHC in the United States. This study evaluated the hepatic iron index in the diagnosis of HHC in a multicenter U.S. study. METHODS: Hepatic iron concentration was measured in 509 patients undergoing liver biopsy. The diagnosis of HHC was made using clinical, biochemical, and histopathologic criteria. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients met criteria for HHC; hepatic iron index was > 1.9 in 51 of 55 (93%) patients with HHC but in none of 454 patients with other liver diseases; hepatic iron concentration was > 71 mumol/g dry weight in 54 of 55 patients with HHC but only 1 of the other 454 patients. CONCLUSIONS: A hepatic iron index of > or = 1.9 can identify most U.S. patients with HHC but is (Gastroenterology 1997 Oct;113(4):1270-7)
Endurance exercise training: conditions of enhanced hemodynamic responses and tolerance to LBNP.

CONVERTINO, V. A. Endurance exercise training: conditions of enhanced hemodynamic responses and tolerance to LBNP. Med. Sci. Sports Exert., Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 705–712, 1993. In cross-sectional comparisons, several investigators have reported highly trained endurance athletes to have a prevalence to
Radiative transfer effects in Cepheid atmospheres

Abstract The transfer equation, without retardation and considering scattering as absorption, is transformed by the moments expansion method for use in studying the dynamics of Cepheid atmospheres. The 0th and 1st moment equations are solved implicity, using a variable Eddington factor ( f ) and 13 frequency groups. The f is calculated each time step by a characteristic ray plane transfer method. Results in a “bump” model (3·52 M θ , T eff = 4585°K) of R. Christy are presented and are compared to an observed 10·9 period Cepheid V.X. Per.( 1 )
Once Is Not Enough

Bannatyne (1968, 1971, 1974) has proposed recategorizing Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) subtest scores into three subgroups. His findings have fostered research in an attempt to determine a unique profile attributable to learning disabled children. The present investigation used two samples of LD children (N = 208) and showed five subgroups of LD children within Bannatyne's recategorization paradigm. The implications of this investigation would suggest that potential intragroup variation within an LD population could be masked in the attempt to discern a more homogeneous single diagnostic profile. Recognition of this intragroup wariation could greatly enhance the use of diagnostic instruments in development remediation programs.
Finite-strain patterns of Nevadan deformation, western Klamath Mountains, California

Finite-strain analyses of Galice Formation metagraywackes from the footwall block of the Orleans fault, western Klamath Mountains, California, show a dramatic increase in strain ratios structurally upward, approaching the Orleans fault. R xz strain values range from less than 3 at a distance of 2 km from the fault to 6.5 adjacent to the fault. Strain-ellipse orientations are relatively consistent; X-directions are commonly northwest-southeast and subhorizontal and trend subparallel to the trace of the Orleans fault. Finite-strain ellipse orientations and the clockwise rotational strain recorded by microscopic kinematic indicators are both compatible with the interpretation of dextral oblique convergence on the Orleans fault during the Nevadan orogeny.
Out of the ring and into a sling: acute latissimus dorsi avulsion in a professional wrestler: a case report and review of the literature

We present a 29-year-old professional wrestler who sustained a traumatic latissimus dorsi tendon rupture from its humeral insertion. To our knowledge, this report is the first to describe the use of two small anterior axillary incisions to repair a traumatic avulsion of the latissimus dorsi. Our new surgical approach is an alternative treatment for highly competitive, muscular athletes, while taking the associated nerves and cosmetic appearance into consideration.
Psychosocial predictors of acute complications of diabetes in youth.

In this paper we determine whether individual and family psychosocial functioning predicts the risk for recurrent acute diabetic complications. An onset-cohort of 61 children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes received conventional diabetes care. Episodes of ketoacidosis and of severe hypoglycemia were recorded for 8 years, and glycaemic control was measured by glycohaemoglobin. Measures of psychosocial functioning of the patient and parents were obtained during the first year. Over 8 years, 28% of subjects had at least one episode of ketoacidosis, and 21% had at least one episode of hypoglycaemia. The odds of observing recurrent hypoglycaemia versus recurrent ketoacidosis was 14 times greater in boys than in girls (Fisher's exact test p<0.05). Girls with recurrent ketoacidosis had more behaviour problems and lower social competence, they reported higher levels of family conflict, and their parents reported lower levels of family cohesion, expressiveness and organization in year one. These relationships were independent of any association with poor glycaemic control. Recurrent hypoglycaemia in boys was generally unrelated to individual and family functioning or glycohaemoglobin. Despite our small sample size, our findings are suggestive of relationships that may lead to early identification of patients who are prone to recurrent ketoacidosis, and to the development of early intervention strategies.
The Inception of Nucleate Boiling With Liquid Nitrogen

Abstract : Delayed inception of nucleate boiling and patchwise boiling are discussed and the significant parameters restricting the growth of a boiling patch are analytically determined to be: (1) a high nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficient; (2) a low total heat flux; (3) the absence of cavities with a trapped liquid-vapor interface outside the boiling patch; (4) an appropriate value of wall thermal conductivity; (5) a high vapor enthalpy per bubble. A qualitative agreement between theory and experiment was observed for items 1, 2, 3 and 4. A series of pool boiling tests were conducted at one atmosphere of pressure in order to develop a surface finish that would eliminate the observed temperature hysteresis at inception of boiling of liquid nitrogen. The best surface finish developed used a bi-metallic (Zm + Cu) flame spray process. The flame spray and a 0.3-micron-grit polished copper surface were tested for their nucleation properties in forced flow of liquid nitrogen. Visual observations indicated that nucleation occurred promptly on both surfaces at approximately the same wall temperature. (Author)
Low Altitude, Large-Scale Reconnaissance: Detail>Expense

There are a number of organizations with a need for large-scale (in the range of between 1:100 and 1:1000) aerial photographs. A large percent of these organizations are also budget limited. A program of low altitude, large-scale reconnaissance (LALSR) developed and used at Brigham Young University may be useful in many of the applications where these fiscal and safety limitations exist. The development, criteria, methodology, and use of this program are outlined in this presentation.
Penetrating Keratoplasty for Herpes Simplex Keratitis

We conducted a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of 82 penetrating keratoplasties performed to treat herpes simplex keratitis. In 53 cases (65%) there was extensive corneal neovascularization or stromal ulceration and active intraocular inflammation, making the prognosis in these cases poor. Only 32 grafts (39%) were clear at the time of our analysis. Patients with active inflammation, active ulceration, perforation, or extensive neovascularization had particularly poor success rates. Conservative management of perforation before keratoplasty was highly successful (11 clear grafts in 13 eyes [85%]). Other categories with a good prognosis included disciform edema and scarred corneas in quiet eyes. We used a preliminary analysis of the data to build a model to predict the outcome of penetrating keratoplasty in herpes simplex keratitis. The model used preoperative ocular status and management technique as its terms. Testing of the model showed that there were significant differences in outcome between the groups in the sample.
Coma caused by trivial triazolam overdose.

Among sedative hypnotic drugs, the benzodiazepines are distinct because of their proven safety. Reports of fatal overdose when benzodiazepines are ingested alone are extremely rare.] Serious intoxication with diazepam is uncommon even with ingestion of as much as 100 times the usual dose.’ However, we report a patient who experienced life-threatening intoxication because of ingestion of only 5 mg of triazolam (Halcion@ Upjohn, Kalamazoo, Michigan), only ten times the usual therapeutic dose of this new fast-acting benzodiazepine.
Magneto-atmospheric waves from a localized source

A technique developed by Lighthill (1960, 1965, and 1967) for finding the asymptotic solution of an inhomogeneous wave equation with constant coefficients is applied to the study of wave propagation in magneto-atmospheres. The geometry of the wavenumber surface plays an important role in determining the generation and propagation of various types of magneto-atmospheric waves from a localized forcing region. Examples of these wavenumber surfaces are exhibited for various magnetic-field strengths and wave frequencies. The asymptotic far field is tabulated for a time-harmonic spatially Gaussian localized forcing term.
A low-profile sinuous antenna

A lens loaded ferrite backed sinuous antenna is demonstrated where the metallic cavity side wall is eliminated to increase its operational bandwidth. The sinuous aperture forms the fundamental radiator and is loaded with an electrically small lens in order to redirect the power towards the upper hemisphere. The antenna is backed by a ferrite ground plane and is center-fed with 75 Ω cable bundle to obtain good match. The presented configuration has active VSWR 0 dBiC and wobble of wave (WoW) <; 2dB in the frequency range of 500 MHz to 2.5 GHz while being only λ/3.5 (at 500 MHz) in diameter and height making it the smallest among reported or commercially available sinuous antenna at these frequencies.
Guaranteed lowest prices: do they facilitate collusion?

Abstract The effects of a policy guaranteeing lowest price are analyzed in a two-stage game where firms first decide whether to adopt such a policy and then choose prices. Symmetric and asymmetric games are solved to examine the extent to which prices can rise to collusive levels.
Soy protein adhesion enhanced by glutaraldehyde crosslink

Soy protein has been considered as an alternative to partly replace petroleum-based polymers for adhesive applications. The weakness of protein-based adhesive is poor water resistance, which limits its outdoor applications. The objective of this research was to improve the water resistance of soy protein adhesive by introducing crosslinkage between amino groups of amino acid residue. Laboratory prepared soy protein isolate (SPI) was used in this study. Glutaraldehyde at concentrations of 4, 20, 40, and 80 μM was used as the crosslinking reagent for SPI modification. Adhesive properties of soy protein modified by glutaraldehyde, as well as thermal and morphological properties, were investigated. Crosslinking-induced protein conformation and structure changes through decrease of amino groups and adding of hydrophobic groups, subsequently affect adhesive performance of SPI. At optimum glutaraldehyde concentration (20 μM), dry, wet, and soak strengths of modified SPI increased to 31.5, 115, and 29.7%, respectively, compared with unmodified SPI. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 130–136, 2007
Plasmonic Crystals: A Platform to Catalog Resonances from Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared Wavelengths in a Plasmonic Library

Surface plasmons are responsible for a variety of phenomena, including nanoscale optical focusing, negative refraction, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Their characteristic evanescent electromagnetic fields offer opportunities for sub-diffraction imaging, optical cloaking, and label-free molecular sensing. The selection of materials for such applications, however, has been traditionally limited to the noble metals Au and Ag because there has been no side-by-side comparison of other materials. This feature article describes recent progress on manipulating surface plasmons from ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths using plasmonic crystals made from 2D nanopyramidal arrays. A library of plasmon resonances is constructed in the form of dispersion diagrams for a series of unconventional and new composite plasmonic materials. These resonances are tuned by controlling both intrinsic factors (unit cell shape, materials type) and extrinsic factors (excitation conditions, dielectric environment). Finally, plasmonic crystals with reduced lattice symmetries are fabricated as another means to tailor resonances for broadband coupling.
PREVENTION IS A SOUND PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INVESTMENT

Research Summary: My colleagues and I are working to develop a science of prevention through reducing risk and enhancing social development and though rigorous testing of preventive interventions. We have shown that adolescent health and behavior problems can be prevented through a social development approach in a variety of settings. Policy Implications: In the United States, we now have the tools and prevention programs that could make a significant impact on youth development. The research base for prevention policy and practice has grown over the last three decades to the point that exponential growth in professionalism and effective practice are now a wise and cost-effective public and private investment.
Scaling of dielectronic-recombination data in fluorinelike ions

Dielectronic data for state-specific F-like to Ne-like recombinations are obtained for elements between argon and krypton (and perhaps somewhat beyond). The data consist of energy levels, autoionization rates, radiative rates, and dielectronic-recombination branching ratios. Detailed calculations using a Hartree-Fock method that includes relativistic corrections, but no configuration interactions, were carried out for ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{9+}$, ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{13+}$, ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{17+}$, and Se $^{25+}$. Three- and four-parameter fits were then made to these data enabling one to calculate dielectronic rates for all elements in the fourth row of the periodic table. These scaling relations provide checks on the accuracy of the numerical methods used to obtain the Ar, Ti, Fe, and Se data. Further checks are provided by comparisons made to other published work. The dielectronic-recombination rates presented in this paper are very important in the calculation of population inversions and x-ray laser gain within neonlike ionization stages.
Solubilization, Partial Purification, and Characterization of a Fatty Aldehyde Decarbonylase from a Higher Plant, Pisum sativum

Enzymatic decarbonylation of fatty aldehydes generates hydrocarbons. The particulate enzyme that catalyzes the decarbonylation has not been solubilized and purified from any organism but a green alga. Here we report the solubilization, purification, and partial characterization of the decarbonylase from a higher plant. Decarbonylase from a particulate preparation from pea (Pisum sativum) leaves, enriched in decarbonylase, was solubilized with β-octyl glucoside and partially purified. SDS–PAGE showed a major protein band at 67 kDa. Rabbit antibodies raised against this protein specifically cross-reacted with the 67-kDa protein in solubilized microsomal preparations; anti-ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase cross-reacted only with the 49-kDa large subunit of the carboxylase, but not with any protein near 67 kDa, showing the absence of any contamination from cross-linked small–large subunit of the carboxylase found in the green algal enzyme preparation. Anti-67-kDa protein antibodies inhibited decarbonylation catalyzed by the enzyme preparations, showing that this protein represents the decarbonylase. Decarbonylase activity of the purified enzyme required phospholipids for activity; phosphatidylcholine was the preferred lipid although phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine could substitute less effectively. Half-maximal activity was observed at 40 μM octadecanal. The purified enzyme produced alkane and CO and was inhibited by O2, NADPH, and DTE. Metal ion chelators severely inhibited the enzyme and Cu2+ fully restored the enzyme activity. Purified enzyme preparations consistently showed the presence of Cu, and copper protoporphyrin IX catalyzed decarbonylation. These results suggest that this higher plant enzyme probably is a Cu enzyme unlike the green algal enzyme that was found to have Co.
The inefficiency of the poll tax

Abstract Aggregate excess burden arising when a poll tax or uniform lump sum tax is replaced by an excise tax is examined. If preferences are identical and homothetic, then the aggregate excise burden is always non-negative and independent of the distribution of income. An example with non-homothetic preferences is given, however, where the aggregate excess burden is negative. The implications for policy and positive public finance are briefly discussed.
Chlamydia caviae infection alters abundance but not composition of the guinea pig vaginal microbiota

In humans, the vaginal microbiota is thought to be the first line of defense again pathogens including Chlamydia trachomatis. The guinea pig has been extensively used as a model to study chlamydial infection because it shares anatomical and physiological similarities with humans, such as a squamous vaginal epithelium as well as some of the long-term outcomes caused by chlamydial infection. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the guinea pig-C. caviae model of genital infection as a surrogate for studying the role of the vaginal microbiota in the early steps of C. trachomatis infection in humans. We used culture-independent molecular methods to characterize the relative and absolute abundance of bacterial phylotypes in the guinea pig vaginal microbiota in animals non-infected, mock-infected or infected by C. caviae. We showed that the guinea pig and human vaginal microbiotas are of different bacterial composition and abundance. Chlamydia caviae infection had a profound effect on the absolute abundance of bacterial phylotypes but not on the composition of the guinea pig vaginal microbiota. Our findings compromise the validity of the guinea pig-C. caviae model to study the role of the vaginal microbiota during the early steps of sexually transmitted infection.
The impact of crystallinity on Brequinar sodium hygroscopicity.

ABSTRACTThe hygroscopicity of Brequinar sodium, an organ transplant immunosuppressant, at 75% relative humidity highly depends on the crystal form or crystallinity of the drug substance. Hygroscopicity and ease of water uptake of three lots of Brequinar sodium were investigated. Those lots contained different impurities at levels ranging from 0.26% to 0.5%. DSC thermograms of the hydra ted samples suggest that unbound/loosely bound water was released around 90°C and water of hydration was released at 175° C. At equilibrium, 2% of the water was tightly bound. Stoichiometry suggests that this is a hemihydrate. Unbound/loosely bound water has no impact on the hemihydrate crystal structure as indicated by x-ray powder diffraction patterns. The results suggest that the less perfect crystals exhibited a faster water uptake and converted to a stable hemihydrate when stored at 75% relative humidity. Both the anhydrous and the hemihydrate forms of Brequinar sodium exhibited rapid dissolution rate and comparable wa...
Lifetime measurement of the first excited state in 206Pb

Abstract The first excited state of 206 Pb (2 + , 803 keV) was produced by Coulomb excitation using 170 MeV 40 Ar projectiles, and the mean life of this state was determined by the recoil-distance Doppler-shift method to be: τ = 13.2±0.8 ps.
Class and Victorian Poetics

In this essay, I consider three aspects of recent studies of working-class class poetry: the tasks and rewards of its recovery, the complexities of critical attempts to interpret “non-canonical” verse, and wider insights which have emerged from efforts to integrate such attempts into more traditional studies of nineteenth-century literature. Recovery has been necessary because most working-class poets could only hope to publish their work in broadside or periodical form, and few of their works have been reprinted. Accidents of preservation have further foreshortened our understanding of the range of working-class poetry, which extended from Thomas Cooper's dignified epic verse to Isobel Chisholm's gypsy “curses” and Mary McPherson's Gaelic incantations. Interpretative studies of the range just mentioned have benefited from willingness to consider unfamiliar rhetorical models; search out historical antecedents of “simple” appeals to direct emotion; and admit that there might be more to poetry than has been dreamt of in our received interpretations and well-worn critical commonplaces. Finally, integration of an appreciation of working-class poetry into studies of Victorian literature reveals that much of the history of mid-century poetry – reflected through lenses of “class”– may be read as an attempt to barricade middle-class canons of taste against the inroads of working class artistry. More critical studies of that artistry might therefore help dismantle these barricades, and restore to all the period's poets a measure of the respect and attention they deserve. They might also help answer some intriguing generic as well as historical questions. Among these are: Why were poetry and personal memoirs the period's principal working-class genres? And why did the role of working-class poetry seem to recede as the century waned, even as universal working-class literacy advanced?
Coexistent cutaneous Aspergillus and cytomegalovirus infection in a liver transplant recipient

Cutaneous infections are a significant cause of morbidity in solid organ recipients. These infections may be complex with multiple pathogens occurring in the same lesion. We describe the unusual association of cutaneous Aspergillus and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in a liver transplant recipient. Cutaneous CMV infection is rare and often indicates severe systemic involvement, whereas Aspergillus is a frequent cause of opportunistic cutaneous fungal infection. Seven weeks after liver transplantation, our patient had hemorrhagic, eroded plaques develop on his arms. The results of routine histology, immunoperoxidase staining for CMV antibody, and fungal culture revealed coexistent cutaneous Aspergillus flavus and CMV infections. The patient was treated with ganciclovir, amphotericin B, and topical terbinafine cream; however, 2 weeks after the development of the cutaneous lesions, the patient died. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:370-2.)
Ultrasonic velocity measurement of elastic constants of Al-CuAl2 eutectic composite

Ultrasonic velocity measurements were performed to determine the dynamic elastic stiffness constants of the Al-CuAl2 unidirectionally solidified eutectic, which consists of unidirectional CuAl2 platelets in an Al matrix. The phase velocity of ultrasonic waves in the eutectic was measured by the echo-overlap technique. The material was assumed to be transversely isotropic and its elastic constants, in units of 1010 dyn cm−2, are found to be: c33=c11=c22=122.8, c44=c55=29.7, c12=c13=c23=59.5, where the subscript 3 indicates the fibre direction. These results indicate that the Al-CuAl2 eutectic is almost elastically isotropic or more precisely, has cubic symmetry. The elastic moduli are used to evaluate the engineering constants of this material. The value of Young's modulus is found to be in close agreement with that measured by others in quasi-static tests.
FRACTION: A computer program for fractional factorial design

Factorial designs are used efficiently and effectively to carry out experiments involving multiple independent variables needed to explain complex human behavior. These designs are not feasible, however, when a study requires a large and, in some cases, prohibitive number of measurements on the same subjects (within-subjects designs) or on groups of different subjects (between-subjects designs). For example, a 2 factorial design, not unusual in some behavioral research, produces 1,024 treatment combinations. If the experimenter can assume, on theoretical and empirical grounds, that higher order interactions are negligible, only a fraction of the complete factorial design is needed to estimate main effects and lower order interactions. For example, in a 2 factorial experiment, if the highest order interaction is considered to be negligible, the number of observations or groups can be reduced in half, from 1,024 to 512. If another interaction can be sacrificed, the number of observations can be halved again, to 256 (1,4 fraction), and so on. Moreover, "in cases where ambiguity is present because of confounding, the initial experiment may be supplemented by follow-up experiments specificallydesigned to clarify such ambiguities" (Winer, 1971). A factorial design with n factors, each with two levels, contains 2 treatment combinations in its full replication. However, in a V2 P fraction of a 2 design (where p= I in a V2 fraction, p=2 in a 1,4 fraction, and so on), a total of 2 p treatment combinations are actually tested with 2 p-1 degrees of freedom among them. In such fractional designs, 2 -lout of the total of 2 -I effects and interactions are confounded with the grand mean. Thus, effects will be mutually confounded in groups of 2 (Kempthome, 1952, p. 405). That is, in a half replicate, each effect is confounded with one other effect: the confounding is in sets of two; in a quarter replicate, each effect is confounded with three others: the confounding is in sets of four; and so on. The effects that are confounded with each other are called aliases, because the same source of variation has more than one name due to confounding of sources of variation. "The problem of deciding to which alias an effect is to be attributed is one that the experimenter must face