cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Random energy model for dynamics in supercooled liquids: N dependence.

The random energy model (REM) for the critical points (saddles and minima) of the potential energy landscape of liquids is further developed. While thermodynamic properties may be calculated from the unconditional distribution of states $G(E),$ dynamics requires the distribution ${G}_{c}{(E}^{\ensuremath{'}};E)$ of energies ${E}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ of neighbors connected to a state with energy E. Previously it was shown [T. Keyes, Phys. Rev. E 62, 7905 (2000)] that an uncorrelated REM, ${G}_{c}{(E}^{\ensuremath{'}}{;E)=G(E}^{\ensuremath{'}}),$ is badly behaved in the thermodynamic limit $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{N}\ensuremath{\infty}.$ In the following, a simple expression is obtained for ${G}_{c}{(E}^{\ensuremath{'}};E),$ which leads to reasonable N dependences. Results are obtained for the fraction ${f}_{u}$ of imaginary-frequency instantaneous normal modes, the configuration entropy ${S}_{c},$ the distributions of the different-order critical points, and the rate R of escape from a state. Simulation data on ${f}_{u}(T)$ and the density of minima ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}(E)$ in Lennard-Jones and ${\mathrm{CS}}_{2}$ are fit with the theory, allowing a determination of some model parameters. A universal scaling form for ${f}_{u},$ and a consequent scheme for calculating the mode-coupling temperature ${T}_{c}$ consistently among different materials, is demonstrated. The dependence of the self-diffusion constant D upon R and ${f}_{u}$ is discussed, with the conclusion that $D\ensuremath{\propto}{f}_{u}$ in deeply supercooled states. The phenomenology of fragile supercooled liquids is interpreted. It is shown that the REM need not have a Kauzmann transition in the relevant temperature range, i.e., above the glass transition.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Ceramic Materials. 5. An Electrochemical Method Suitable for the Preparation of Nine Metal Nitrides

We discuss an electrochemical approach suitable for preparing nine metal nitride precursors and the corresponding metal nitrides. The method involves anodic dissolution of a metal electrode in a si...
Antigenuria after Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccination.

Une antigenurie peut s'observer apres vaccination contre H.i. type b; elle ne traduit pas une infection a H.i. ni une meningite a H.i. Un cas est rapporte chez un garcon de 27 mois. L'antigenurie avait disparu 8 jours apres la vaccination
Recovery in multithreaded applications using execution monitoring and recovery engine (EMRE)

In today's cloud computing world, concurrent programming is must for any application. Multithreaded programming represents one aspect of concurrent programming. Multithreaded programming has some advantages like resource utilization and responsiveness but multithreading has its own disadvantages as well, like race condition and deadlock. A deadlock condition in a multithreaded application could lead to application hang. To overcome application hang and to develop a stable and robust multithreaded application, we propose a recovery design paradigm using an execution monitoring and recovery engine (EMRE). EMRE provides recovery over the hang threads in a multithreaded application and prevents application hang. The recovery module increases the stability and fault tolerance capability of the application. At the end, we present a case study of typical multithreaded program to demonstrate the feasibility and practicability of the recovery paradigm using execution monitoring and recovery engine (EMRE).
Temperature-dependent binding of human IgG1 to a human high affinity Fc receptor

We have measured the kinetics of binding and unbinding of human IgG1 to a human high affinity Fc receptor (FcγI) at several temperatures. The association rate constant (kf) and the dissociation rate (kr) of this complex was determined with 125I-IgG1 monomer and FcγI on U937 cells. At 37°C, kf = 2.7 × 105 M−1 s−1 and kr = 4.5 × 10−4 s−1. Both rates decreased with decreasing temperature. However, the equilibrium association constant, Ka, increased with decreasing temperature. From the temperature dependence of Ka we determined that the binding of IgG1 to FcγI is driven largely by enthalpic forces and that a small but positive entropic contribution to free energy leads to a tighter complex at lower temperature.
The Mg/Ca-temperature relationship of benthic foraminiferal calcite: New core-top calibrations in the < 4 °C temperature range

Abstract Calcite magnesium/calcium ratios were determined for four species of benthic foraminifera (Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, Cibicidoides mundulus, Oridorsalis umbonatus and Pyrgo murrhina) from core-top samples collected from the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans where modern bottom water temperatures are less than 4 °C. Mg/Ca of all four species increase with increasing temperature, and the Mg/Ca:temperature relationship does not appear to be necessarily exponential. Mg/Ca of C. mundulus is consistently higher than C. wuellerstorfi, implying differences in the uptake of Mg by different species within this genus. The observed Mg/Ca for C. wuellerstorfi at temperatures less than 3 °C is lower than those predicted from published Mg/Ca: temperature relationships derived for Cibicidoides spp. at higher temperatures. Previous studies have attributed this change in the Mg/Ca-temperature relationship of C. wuellerstorfi to the effect of decreased carbonate ion saturation (Δ[CO32−]) on Mg/Ca at low temperatures. A relationship between the Δ[CO32−] and Mg/Ca of 0.0083 ± 0.002 (mmol/mol)/(μmol/kg) has been established for C. wuellerstorfi from this study.
Inequalities for proper contractions and strictly dissipative operators

Abstract Some inequalities for proper contractions and strictly dissipative operators on a Hilbert space are proved. These inequalities for operators are related to the classical Harnack's inequalities for analytic functions with a positive real part.
The "Codex Sangallensis" 190 and the Transmission of the Classical Tradition during Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages

TheCodex Sangallensis 190 was written at an undetermined location in the late eighth or early ninth century. With the exception of two hagiographical pieces, it contains various epistolographic works, including a number of documents known from no other source, such as letters of Faustus of Riez (ca. 460–495), Ruricius of Limoges (ca. 485–510), and Desiderius of Cahors (ca. 630–655). This study reconstructs the manner in which the material in theSangallensis was assembled, preserved, and used. It suggests that the collection arose in Ruricius’ private archive and was later preserved and expanded in the time of Desiderius. Subsequently, additional documents were attracted into the compilation. By the ninth century, the collection had made its way to the area of St. Gallen, where it appears to have been cited in the context of a literary circle that included the bishops of Constance. TheSangallensis 190 therefore has much to say about how the literary works of Late Antiquity were preserved and used in literary-cum-family circles from the fifth through the ninth centuries.
Occurrence of ectomycorrhizas on ericaceous and coniferous seedlings grown in soils from the Oregon Coast Range.

SUMMARY Seedlings of Gaultheria shallon, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Rhododendron macrophyllum, and Tsuga heterophylla were grown together in the greenhouse in soils from three young managed Douglas fir forests in the Oregon Coast Range. The objective of the study was to evaluate the ability of ericaceous plants and overstory conifers to share compatible mycorrhizal fungi in order to assess potential mycorrhizal linkages. Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi were examined in Gaultheria and Rhododendron to assess their assumed presence in soils of the Pacific Northwestern region of the United States. Nine ectomycorrhizal types were recognized on the conifers and two on the Ericaceae. All nine ectomycorrhizal types occurred on both conifer species, and the two ectomycorrhizal types on the ericaceous hosts resembled types associated with the conifer hosts. Ectomycorrhizal fungi occurred on all the conifer seedlings and in trace amounts on 26 % of the ericaceous seedlings in the study. Ericoid mycorrhiza developed on all the ericaceous seedlings.
Structure and assembly of the endoplasmic reticulum: Biosynthesis and intracellular sorting of ERp61, ERp59, and ERp49, three protein components of murine endoplasmic reticulum☆

Rabbit antibodies have been prepared against ERp61, ERp59, and ERp49, three protein components of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) purified from mineral oil-induced plasmacytoma 315 (MOPC-315) tissue. Analysis of subcellular fractions of MOPC-315 tissue by an immunoprecipitation procedure demonstrated that all three endoplasmic reticulum proteins (ERps) were most enriched in the RER. Immunologically cross-reacting proteins of similar molecular weight have been detected in other eucaryotic cell lines. We have used these antibodies to study the post-translational processing and biosynthetic sorting of the three ERps in pulse-labeled MOPC-315 cells. No larger precursor forms of the ERps were detected and none of the ERps were found to possess asparagine-linked oligosaccharide moieties. We have used a sucrose gradient analysis of pulse-labeled MOPC-315 cells to study the biosynthetic sorting of ERp61, ERp59 and ERp49 and have found no evidence to suggest that these proteins ever leave the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, all three ERps appeared to have luminally exposed domains. ERp61 and ERp59 were entirely protected by the ER membrane in the absence of detergent, while ERp49 was a transmembrane protein that also possesses a cytoplasmically exposed domain. We have used the anti-ERp antibodies to quantitate the synthesis and accumulation of the three ERps during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lymphocyte differentiation. After 48 h of culture in the presence of LPS, the synthesis of ERp49 increased sixfold relative to that in control cells. The synthesis and membrane accumulation of ERp61 and ERp59 were less affected by the LPS treatment. Thus, membranes isolated from LPS-treated cells were enriched in ERp49 relative to those isolated from control cells.
ERK MAP kinase activation is required for acetylcholine receptor inducing activity-induced increase in all five acetylcholine receptor subunit mRNAs as well as synapse-specific expression of acetylcholine receptor ε-transgene

Abstract The AChR is a pentamer of four different subunits in a stoichiometry of α2βγδ in embryonic and α2βeδ in adult animals. Transcription of AChR subunit genes is most active in synaptic nuclei in adult skeletal muscle cells, and is regulated by neural factors such as ARIA. We report here that ARIA up-regulated specifically the expression of all five AChR subunits in C2C12 cells. The mRNA level of erbB2, erbB3, rapsyn, MuSK, SHP-2 and β-actin remained unchanged in response to ARIA stimulation in C2C12 cells. The ARIA-induced increase in AChR subunit expression in C2C12 cells was inhibited by the erbB kinase inhibitor tyrphostin AG1478 and the MEK inhibitor PD98059, but not by the PI3 kinase inhibitor wortmannin, suggesting an important role of the erbB protein tyrosine kinases and MAP kinase in the regulation of the expression of the five different AChR subunits. To determine the signaling pathways in vivo, we studied the expression of reporter genes driven by the e-promoter in injected muscles. The in vivo expression of the e-transgene was inhibited by co-expression of dominant negative mutants of key components in the MAP kinase pathway including ras, raf and MEK, but not the dominant negative mutant of PI3 kinase. These results suggest that ERK MAP kinase activation is required for ARIA-induced increase in all five AChR subunit mRNAs as well as synapse-specific expression of AChR e-transgene.
Human TSC2-null fibroblast-like cells induce hair follicle neogenesis and hamartoma morphogenesis

Hamartomas are composed of cells native to an organ but abnormal in number, arrangement or maturity. In the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), hamartomas develop in multiple organs because of mutations in TSC1 or TSC2. Here we show that TSC2-null fibroblast-like cells grown from human TSC skin hamartomas induced normal human keratinocytes to form hair follicles and stimulated hamartomatous changes. Follicles were complete with sebaceous glands, hair shafts and inner and outer root sheaths. TSC2-null cells surrounding the hair bulb expressed markers of the dermal sheath and dermal papilla. Tumour xenografts recapitulated characteristics of TSC skin hamartomas with increased mammalian target of the rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity, angiogenesis, mononuclear phagocytes and epidermal proliferation. Treatment with an mTORC1 inhibitor normalized these parameters and reduced the number of tumour cells. These studies indicate that TSC2-null cells are the inciting cells for TSC skin hamartomas, and suggest that studies on hamartomas will provide insights into tissue morphogenesis and regeneration.
A data visualization procedure for the evaluation of group treatment outcomes across units of analysis

This study presents a novel method for the collection and graphical representation of group evaluation data that enables the simultaneous display of outcomes across units of analysis. This method affords the researcher/practitioner improved options for simultaneously evaluating and comparing individual and group change over time. Data for this study are drawn from 10 experiential, group psychotherapy training groups that met on a weekly basis. A total of 185, second-year graduate social work students evaluated their satisfaction with their personal and group experience across eight dimensions. A multiple page Excel spreadsheet was developed for the collection, computation, and visual representation of scores from the evaluation instrument. Three-dimensional surface plots are used here to simultaneously represent individual and group outcomes. Surface plots provide a visual display of the topography of group and individual change over time. This data visualization method utilizes readily available technolo...
Mirror Images: New Reflections on Teacher Leadership by Casey Reason and Clair Reason. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press. © 2011. 224 pages. ISBN 978-1412994040.

Mirror Images is as reflective as it is straightforward about best practices and approaches for teacher leaders today. Using reflective theory and mental imagery, the authors inspire, invoke, creat...
Disposable polydimethylsiloxane/silicon hybrid chips for protein detection.

Abstract This paper presents disposable protein analysis chips with single- or four-chamber—constructed from poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and silicon. The chips are composed of a multilayer stack of PDMS layers that sandwich a silicon microchip. This inner silicon chip features an etched array of microcavities hosting polymeric beads. The sample is introduced into the fluid network through the top PDMS layer, where it is directed to the bead chamber. After reaction of the analyte with the probe beads, the signal generated on the beads is captured with a CCD camera, digitally processed, and analyzed. An established bead-based fluorescent assay for C-reactive protein (CRP) was used here to characterize these hybrid chips. The detection limit of the single-chamber protein chip was found to be 1 ng/ml. Additionally, using a back pressure compensation method, the signals from each chamber of the four-chamber chip were found to fall within 10% of each other.
Assessing gonadal function after childhood ovarian surgery

Purpose We aimed to assess the late effects of ovarian salvage or oophorectomy on gonadal function and fertility as measured by menstrual regularity.
Three-dimensional microstructural imaging methods for energy materials

Advances in the design of materials for energy storage and conversion (i.e., “energy materials”) increasingly rely on understanding the dependence of a material's performance and longevity on three-dimensional characteristics of its microstructure. Three-dimensional imaging techniques permit the direct measurement of microstructural properties that significantly influence material function and durability, such as interface area, tortuosity, triple phase boundary length and local curvature. Furthermore, digital representations of imaged microstructures offer realistic domains for modeling. This article reviews state-of-the-art methods, across a spectrum of length scales ranging from atomic to micron, for three-dimensional microstructural imaging of energy materials. The review concludes with an assessment of the continuing role of three-dimensional imaging in the development of novel materials for energy applications.
The Intel i860 64-bit processor: a general-purpose CPU with 3D graphics capabilities

A description is given of the Intel i860 processor, which was designed for use in low-cost 3D graphics workstations. These products need high performance to support the operating system, simulations, transforms, and shading calculations. The integer unit provides high performance for Unix and other operating systems, the floating-point unit provides high throughput for computationally intensive applications and the processor includes 3D graphics hardware. The sustained high computation rates are supported by on-chip caches. The processor is supported by compilers and other development tools. The i860 processor will enable cost-effective interactive scientific visualization. This includes not only the numeric computation and 3D matrix transforms but also the pixel-intensive shading calculations that normally are either very costly or very slow. Integrating all these capabilities into one component allows design of a desktop unit or a single add-in card for existing personal computers. >
Time-Course of Semantic Composition: The Case of Aspectual Coercion

We examine the time-course of semantic structure formation during real-time sentence comprehension. We do this through the lens of aspectual coercion, a semantic combinatorial operation that lacks morpho-syntactic reflections, yet is indispensable for sentence interpretation. We describe two experiments. Experiment 1 replicates the results of a previously published study (Pinango, Zurif, & Jackendoff, Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 28(4), 395–414 1999) showing that the cost of implementing aspectual coercion is detectable as late as 250 ms after the operation is licensed. Experiment 2 expands the window of observation by revealing that the implementation of aspectual coercion is not detectable immediately upon its being licensed, that is, at the point at which the syntactic representation is assumed to be fully formed. These findings suggest a dissociation in the integration of information, in which semantic composition—even mandatory and automatic semantic composition—takes time to develop after it is syntactically licensed to do so.
Olfactory epithelial organotypic slice cultures: A useful tool for investigating olfactory neural development

An in vitro slice culture was established for investigating olfactory neural development. The olfactory epithelium was dissected from embryonic day 13 rats; 400 microns slices were cultured for 5 days in serum-free medium on Millicell-CM membranes coated with different substrates. The slices were grown in the absence of their appropriate target, the olfactory bulb, or CNS derived glia. The cultures mimic many features of in vivo development. Cells in the olfactory epithelium slices differentiate into neurons that express olfactory marker protein (OMP). OMP-positive cells have the characteristic morphology of olfactory receptor neurons: a short dendrite and a single thin axon. The slices support robust axon outgrowth. In single-label experiments, many axons expressed neural specific tubulin, growth-associated protein 43 and OMP. Axons appeared to grow equally well on membranes coated with type I rat tail collagen, laminin or fibronectin. The cultures exhibit organotypic polarity with an apical side rich in olfactory neurons and a basal side supporting axon outgrowth. Numerous cells migrate out of the slices, of which a small minority was identified as neurons based on the expression of neural specific tubulin and HuD, a nuclear antigen, expressed exclusively in differentiated neurons. Most of the migrating cells, however, were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and S-100, indicating that they are differentiated glia. A subpopulation of these glial cells also expressed low-affinity nerve growth factor receptors, indicating that they are olfactory Schwann cells. Both migrating neurons and glia were frequently associated with axons growing out of the slice. In some cases, axons extended in advance of migrating cells. This suggests that olfactory receptor neurons in organotypic cultures require neither a pre-established glial/neuronal cellular terrain nor any target tissue for successful axon outgrowth. Organotypic olfactory epithelial slice cultures may be useful for investigating cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate early olfactory development and function.
Some Effects of Negation on Adults' Conditional Reasoning Abilities

110 Ss evaluated conclusions for conditional reasoning arguments embodying 1 of 4 principles of inference: modus ponens, conversion, inversion, and modus tollens. The presence of the negative “not” was varied systematically within each major premise and conclusion. The results indicated that the form of the major premise had a significant (p .05).
Recent Progress in Modeling Solid Propellant Combustion

Tremendous progress has been achieved in the last ten years with respect to modeling the combustion of solid propellants. The vastly increased performance of computing capabilities has allowed utilization of calculation approaches that were previously only conceptual. The paper will discuss three areas of emphasis: first, numerical modeling of premixed flames using detailed kinetic mechanisms; second, development of packing models to calculate a geometrical distribution of particles simulating a heterogeneous solid propellant; and finally, calculation of diffusion same effects that are critical in the combustion of AP/hydrocarbon solid propellants.
Coupled state calculations of vacancy transfer probabilities from 2p and 3d rotational coupling in Ar-Mg collisions

Abstract For heavy ion-atom collisions at low energies, rotational coupling of the 2pπ-2pσ molecular Orbitals is known to be responsible for K-vacancy production in the lighter collision partner, while 3dδ-3dπ-3dσ rotational coupling is responsible for L-vacancy production in both collision partners. We use the screened classical-path impact parameter formalism to set up and solve the coupled-state equations for the vacancy transfer probability amplitudes in these two cases.
Reply to criticisms of the Pope and Fry paper on pure water absorption made in a comment by Quickenden et al.

The measurements of the absorption spectrum of pure water in a paper by Pope and Fry [Appl. Opt.36, 8710 (1997)] have been criticized by Quickenden et al. [Appl. Opt.39, 2740 (2000)]. These criticisms are answered.
Dynamic programming and maximum principle for discrete Goursat systems

Abstract We obtain the dynamic programming equations for discrete Goursat systems, we prove that they are necessary and sufficient for optimality, and we prove formulas for the exact or approximate solution of these equations. Using dynamic programming arguments, we obtain semi-dynamic programming equations and then we prove a maximum principle of Pontryagin's type.
Acute trimethyltin exposure produces nonspecific effects on learning in rats working under a multiple repeated acquisition and performance schedule

Previous research has explored the adverse effects of trimethyltin (TMT) on learning and memory in laboratory animals. Virtually all studies of TMT effects on learning have not, however, included appropriate controls to establish a selective effect on learning. This experiment investigated the effects of TMT on the repeated acquisition (learning) and performance of response sequences. Adult male Long-Evans rats, maintained at 300 g b.wt., were trained with food reinforcement under a multiple repeated acquisition (RA) and performance (P) schedule. The RA component required rats to learn a different three-member response sequence during each session (Center Right Left, RLC, RCL, LCR, or LRC); the correct response sequence remained constant in the P component (CLR). RA and P components alternated twice during a session. Rats were given 0, 4, or 8 mg/kg TMT IV after 30 sessions of stable baseline performance, and an additional 40 sessions were conducted following TMT. Prior to TMT, all groups maintained comparable accuracy levels in both RA and P components. Following TMT, significant decreases in both accuracy and response rate were obtained in the 8 mg/kg group. Thereafter, response rate and accuracy both recovered to near baseline levels, although large individual differences were observed. No selective effects of TMT were obtained on RA when compared to P. These data suggest that TMT-induced impairments on learning may be due to a generalized performance decrement rather than a specific effect on learning.
Higher physical activity during middle age is associated with increased odds of survival without cognitive or physical impairments in older women.

Commentary on: Q Sun, MK Townsend, OI Okereke, et al.. Physical activity at midlife in relation to successful survival in women at age 70 years or older. Arch Intern Med2010;170:194–201.
Influence of adhesion on micromechanical behavior of SMA composites

Interfacial bond strengths of shape memory alloy wires embedded in a polymer matrix and subject to various surface treatments were estimated using pullout tests. Bond strength data was compared to in-situ wire displacements obtained using heterodyne interferometry. Experimental data shows that sandblasting of wires increases the bond strength while handsanding and acid cleaning actually decrease the bond strength. Plasma coating the wires did not significantly alter the adhesion strength. Comparisons with displacement data show that an increase in bond strength results in a decrease in displacement of the wire.
Violable Constraints in Language Production: Testing the Transitivity Assumption of Optimality Theory

Optimality Theory (OT) (Prince & Smolensky, 1993) characterizes linguistic knowledge as a ranked set of constraints that select the best possible output form of a word given a particular input. OT assumes that constraints are ordered transitively with respect to their violability. An artificial language learning paradigm was used to test this assumption by teaching participants to pronounce words that provided evidence about three constraints affecting the stress patterns of words. The words demonstrated that the first constraint outranked the second and the second outranked the third. The relationship between the first and third could only be derived from the transitive nature of the system. Three experiments tested whether speakers could determine the stress patterns of words requiring knowledge of the relationship between these two constraints. Evidence was found for a transitively ordered constraint system as well as a system that stores commonly heard stress patterns as metrical templates.
A Modified Training Procedure for Linear Threshold Devices

A modification of conventional training techniques for linear threshold dichotomous pattern recognition is described. The modification is capable of convergence in some cases where the classical training techniques are not. The utility of this technique for signal detection problems is discussed.
Hierarchical clustering using randomly selected measurements

The problem of hierarchical clustering items from pairwise similarities is found across various scientific disciplines, from biology to networking. Often, applications of clustering techniques are limited by the cost of obtaining similarities between pairs of items. While prior work has been developed to reconstruct clustering using a significantly reduced set of pairwise similarities via adaptivemeasurements, these techniques are only applicable when choice of similarities are available to the user. In this paper, we examine reconstructing hierarchical clustering under similarity observations at-random. We derive precise bounds which show that a significant fraction of the hierarchical clustering can be recovered using fewer than all the pairwise similarities.
Potential of Fodder Soybean Genotypes for Phosphorus Removal in Poultry Manure-Enriched Soils

Plant-based phosphorus (P) remediation strategies have been suggested to reduce high P accumulation in soil. Eleven fodder soybean genotypes were evaluated to explore their potential for the removal of P from poultry manure-enriched soils. Field experiments were conducted at a site that had a history of heavy poultry manure applications. Green house experiments were conducted using the soils selected for field trials to confirm the results. Harvesting of whole plants, excluding roots of the genotypes, was done at the pod formation stages and plant samples were oven dried at 70°C for three days. The dry samples were ground and analyzed for total P content. Genotype 091734, provided the maximum P removal from amended and unamended soils. Fodder soybean genotypes could play an important role in the extraction of P from poultry manure-enriched soils, which are important from the ecological point of view.
Angioleiomyoma of the upper extremity.

Purpose To determine the outcomes of surgical excision in the management of angioleiomyomas of the upper extremity. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 26 patients undergoing a surgical excision of an angioleiomyoma in the upper extremity between 1975 and 2012, who had at least 1 year of follow-up. There were 12 men and 14 women, with an average age of 55 ± 20 years. The most common location was the hand (n = 14). The onset of symptoms was on average 6 ± 5 years before presentation. The most common problem was a painful mass (19 of 26 patients). Average tumor size was 10 ± 7 mm. Results Patients over the age of 60 years tended to have smaller tumors. There was no significant difference between average preoperative and postoperative grip strength in the affected and unaffected extremities. None of the lesions was diagnosed based on radiographic imaging. There was 1 postoperative complication. No recurrence was noted at an average 8.6-year follow-up (range, 1.0–21.0 y). Conclusions Angioleiomyomas present as a small, painful masses that can be reliably treated with marginal surgical excision. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
A method for gene disruption that allows repeated use of URA3 selection in the construction of multiply disrupted yeast strains.

In this paper, we describe a 3.8-kb molecular construct that we have used to disrupt yeast genes. The construct consists of a functional yeast URA3 gene flanked by 1.1-kb direct repeats of a bacterial sequence. It is straightforward to insert the 3.8-kb segment into a cloned target gene of interest and then introduce the resulting disruption into the yeast genome by integrative transformation. An appropriate DNA fragment containing the disruption plus flanking homology can be obtained by restriction enzyme digestion. After introducing such fragments into yeast by transformation, stable integrants can be isolated by selection for Ura+. The important feature of this construct that makes it especially useful is that recombination between the flanking direct repeats occurs at a high frequency (10-4) in vegetatively grown cultures. After excision, only one copy of the repeat sequence remains behind. Thus in the resulting strain, the Ura+ selection can be used again, either to disrupt a second gene in similar fashion or for another purpose.
Nuclear Export and Expression of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 tax/rex mRNA Are RxRE/Rex Dependent

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a complex retrovirus associated with the lymphoproliferative disease adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and the neurodegenerative disorder tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). Replication of HTLV-1 is under the control of two major trans-acting proteins, Tax and Rex. Previous studies suggested that Tax activates transcription from the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) through recruitment of cellular CREB and transcriptional coactivators. Other studies reported that Rex acts posttranscriptionally and allows the cytoplasmic export of unspliced or incompletely spliced viral mRNAs carrying gag/pol and env only. As opposed to HIV's Rev-responsive element (RRE), the Rex-responsive element (RxRE) is present in all viral mRNAs in HTLV-1. However, based on indirect observations, it is believed that nuclear export and expression of the doubly spliced tax/rex RNA are Rex independent. In this study, we demonstrate that Rex does stimulate Tax expression, through nuclear-cytoplasmic export of the tax/rex RNA, even though a Rex-independent basal export mechanism exists. This effect was dependent upon the RxRE element and the RNA-binding activity of Rex. In addition, Rex-mediated export of tax/rex RNA was CRM1 dependent and inhibited by leptomycin B treatment. RNA immunoprecipitation (RNA-IP) experiments confirmed Rex binding to the tax/rex RNA in both transfected cells with HTLV-1 molecular clones and HTLV-1-infected T cells. Since both Rex and p30 interact with the tax/rex RNA and with one another, this may offer a temporal and dynamic regulation of HTLV-1 replication. Our results shed light on HTLV-1 replication and reveal a more complex regulatory network than previously anticipated.
Introduction of total quality management (TQM) into an internal medicine residency

In spite of significant enthusiasm for the principles and methods of total quality management (TQM) in health care organizations, there have been only a few creative programs applying TQM to medical education. In addition, teaching programs are under significant pressure to teach and practice cost-effective medicine and to produce more sophisticated general internists. In July 1992, the governance and operation of the internal medicine training program at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center was restructured to integrate a TQM program with a health services research section and a resource management department. This restructured program transfers significant programmatic responsibility and power to houseofficers. Within the playing field defined through a housestaff values statement and requirements of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the American Board of Internal Medicine, the housestaff have brought about substantial change. The first housestaff survey after the new program was operational for six months revealed that 68% of the 77 respondents felt the housestaff had greater programmatic influence, 68% felt that the rate of program change was "better," and 63% felt the overall training program had improved, while 3% felt it had worsened after the restructuring. Fifty-six percent of the housestaff felt the new program should be continued unchanged, and 29% felt it should be continued with changes. Housestaff teams have approached educational issues, quality-of-care problems, and resource management challenges through formal scientific problem-solving techniques. This article discusses the lessons learned in the first six months and the program improvements that will be attempted in the future.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Susceptibility of two bighorn sheep cell cultures to selected common ruminant viruses.

Respiratory disease is a major factor in mortality in bighorn sheep populations in the western United States and Canada. The most common microorganisms isolated from the lungs of bighorn sheep that have died from respiratory disease are Pasteurella sp.9,12,13,16 Pasteurellae are opportunistic pathogens commonly found in the respiratory tract of both wild and domestic ruminants.8,20 These organisms often require other predisposing factors to establish disease in their host. There is evidence that viral infections predispose domestic livestock to develop pneumonic pasteurellosis;6,17,22 however, the role of Pasteurella in respiratory disease of bighorn sheep is not well understood. Antibody titers to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza 3 (PI3) virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) have been found in sera from healthy and clinically ill bighorn sheep.4,19 PI3 virus was isolated from a captive herd of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) in Wyoming14 and later from free-ranging bighorns in Colorado.18 More recently, another respiratory virus, RSV, was isolated from a captive bighorn herd.5 Most laboratory cell lines currently used for virus isolation are of domestic animal origin. Viruses adapted to bighorn sheep may be more readily propagated in bighorn sheep cell cultures than in tissues from other animal species. The objectives of this study were to establish and evaluate cells of bighorn sheep origin for use in virus isolation. When 1 of 5 Rocky Mountain bighorn ewes captured for a study of lamb mortality9 died at 5 months gestation, the lamb was surgically removed for the production of tissue cultures. Kidneys were removed aseptically and placed in Hanks’ balanced salt solution. Cell suspensions were prepared from kidney cortical tissue by standard techniques.11 The prepared bighorn sheep kidney (BHSK) cells were suspended in growth medium (GM: minimal essential medium [MEM]a with 10% fetal bovine serum [FBS]b), seeded in 75cm2 tissue culture flasks, and incubated at 37 C in 5% CO2. The GM was exchanged frequently until confluent monolayers were established. Confluent monolayers were split 1:2 and passaged twice before freezing in GM with 10% dimethyl sulfoxidec in liquid nitrogen. Additionally, tissue fragments were removed from nasal turbinate bone and cartilage of the fetus. Tissue dissaggregation and cell collection, propagation, and preservation were carried out as above to produce turbinate cell cultures (BHST). The BHST and BHSK cells were passaged repeatedly to determine the number of viable passages. Coverslip cultures of both BHST and BHSK cells were examined for the presence of adventitious BVDV by direct fluorescence microscopy using fluorescein-conjugated antiserum to BVDVd and
Fatal Childhood Calciphylaxis in a 10-Year-Old and Literature Review

Calciphylaxis is a rare but highly morbid disorder of vascular calcification and skin necrosis, affecting 1% to 4% of adults with end-stage renal disease. Only three affected children have previously been described. We report an unusual instance of fatal calciphylaxis involving a 10-year-old boy, in the setting of sarcoidosis-induced end-stage renal disease. A review of pediatric calciphylaxis cases suggests: (a) increased risk in boys with end-stage renal disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism; (b) frequent distal extremity and visceral organ involvement, (c) worse prognosis with acral necrosis, and (d) possible increased resistance to medical treatment compared to adult patients. Hyperesthetic pain is a common sentinel symptom, and soft tissue x-rays or xeroradiography or both may aid in the diagnosis of pediatric calciphylaxis. Parathyroidectomy in combination with supportive medical management may be the best treatment option in stopping the progression of disease in the pediatric population.
Internet access and use in domestic violence shelters: Policy, capacity, and management barriers

• Summary: Domestic violence agency administrators struggle to incorporate the Internet safely and effectively into their intimate partner violence (IPV) services. This study utilizes two data gathering tools to identify administrative concerns and web content in the 91 Texas shelters. The first research stage employed a mixed-methods questionnaire (89% response rate) to identify managers’ Internet use patterns and managerial needs. In the second stage, all shelter web sites (65) were submitted to a multi-context content analysis.• Findings: Overall, findings indicate that administrators see a serious need for basic administrative support tools (e.g. policies and training materials) and the development of cyber-safety resources (e.g. online stalking tips). Administrators view the Internet’s potential for increasing staff efficiency and clients’ sense of self-efficacy as worthwhile. Questionnaire findings indicate that 66 percent of directors need a means of helping clients learn to do their own informatio...
The use of orthoses and gait analysis in children with AMC

Purpose Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) can be described as a complex condition characterized by deformed joints with an intact sensory system. Consequences of muscle weakness and joint contractures in the lower limbs influence walking ability. With orthoses most children achieve functional ambulation. Based on four studies, the aim of this article was to describe gait pattern wearing habitual orthoses, to quantify quiet standing, to test and describe a new orthosis and compare gait differences with regular orthoses, in children with AMC.
Historical range of variability in live and dead wood biomass: a regional-scale simulation study

The historical range of variability (HRV) in landscape structure and composition created by natural disturbance can serve as a general guide for evaluating ecological conditions of managed landscapes. HRV approaches to evaluating landscapes have been based on age-classes or developmental stages, which may obscure variation in live and dead stand structure. Developing the HRV of stand structural characteristics would improve the ecological resolution of this coarse- filter approach to ecosystem assessment. We investigated HRV in live and dead wood biomass in the regional landscape of the Oregon Coast Range by integrating stand-level biomass models and a spatially explicit fire simulation model. We simulated historical landscapes of the region for 1000 years under pre-Euro-American settlement fire regimes and calcu- lated biomass as a function of disturbance history. The simulation showed that live and dead wood biomass historically varied widely in time and space. The majority of the forests historically contained 500-700 Mgha -1 (50-70 kgm -2 )o f live wood and 50-200 Mgha -1 (5-20 kgm -2 ) of dead wood. The current distributions are more concentrated in much smaller amounts for both biomass types. Although restoring the HRV of forest structure is not necessarily a management goal for most landowners and managing agencies, departure from the reference condition can provide relative measure to evaluate habitat conditions for managers seeking to use forest structure as a means to maintain or restore ecosystem and species diversity. Resume´ : L'etendue historique de la variabilite ´ (EHV) dans la composition et la structure du paysage engendree par les perturbations naturelles peut servir de guide general pour evaluer la condition ecologique des paysages amenages. Les ap- proches qui utilisent l'EHV pour evaluer les paysages ont etebasees sur les classes d'age ou les stades de developpement. Cela peut obscurcir la variation associee aux structures mortes et vivantes des peuplements. Le developpement de l'EHV des caracteristiques structurales des peuplements pourrait ameliorer la resolution ecologique de cette approche du filtre
A computer program for selection of oligonucleotide primers for polymerase chain reactions

We have designed a computer program which rapidly scans nucleic acid sequences to select all possible pairs of oligonucleotides suitable for use as primers to direct efficient DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction. This program is based on a set of rules which define in generic terms both the sequence composition of the primers and the amplified region of DNA. These rules (1) enhance primer-to-target sequence hybridization avidity at critical 3'-end extension initiation sites, (2) facilitate attainment of full length extension during the 72 degrees C phase, by minimizing generation of incomplete or nonspecific product and (3) limit primer losses occurring from primer-self or primer-primer homologies. Three examples of primer sets chosen by the program that correctly amplified the target regions starting from RNA are shown. This program should facilitate the rapid selection of effective and specific primers from long gene sequences while providing a flexible choice of various primers to focus study on particular regions of interest.
Dissociation between conflict detection and error monitoring in the human anterior cingulate cortex

The relative importance of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) for the detection and resolution of response conflicts versus its role in error monitoring remains under debate. One disputed issue is whether conflict detection and error monitoring can be viewed as unitary functions performed by the same region of the ACC, or whether these processes can be dissociated functionally and anatomically. We used a combination of electrophysiological and neuropsychological methods to assess these competing hypotheses. A neurological patient with a rare focal lesion of rostral-to-middorsal ACC was tested in an event-related potential study designed to track the time course of neural activity during conflicts and erroneous responses. Compared with controls, the error-related negativity component after incorrect responses was attenuated in the patient, accompanied by lower error-correction rates. Conversely, the stimulus-locked component on correct conflict trials, the N450, was enhanced, and behavioral performance was impaired. We hypothesize that intact regions of lateral prefrontal cortex were able to detect response conflict, but damage to the dorsal ACC impaired response inhibition, which may be due to disconnection from cingulate and supplementary motor areas. The results implicate rostral-dorsal ACC in error monitoring and suggest this function can be dissociated from conflict-detection processes.
Birth cohort change in the vocational interests of female and male college students

Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate the extent to which vocational interests have changed across birth cohorts of college students to better understand how socio-cultural factors may have an impact on career development. Using meta-analytic data collection methods, dissertations and journal articles presenting interests scores representing Holland's RIASEC typology from the Strong Interest Inventory and Strong Campbell interest inventory were gathered. With samples spanning a time period from 1976 to 2004, relations between cohort year and interests were examined with weighted regressions. A salient aspect of our results was an increase in the Enterprising interests of females and decrease in the Realistic and Investigative interests of males. This finding, along with a reduction in differences between female and male Investigative, Enterprising, and Conventional interests from earlier to more recent cohorts parallels movement of American culture toward egalitarian views of gender and provides evidence for the effect of sociocultural factors on interests.
Single board computer design based on an Intel 80186 high integration microprocessor

An outline is presented of the concepts and step-by-step approach used for the design of a single-board computer, the SBC-186, based on the Intel 80186 microprocessor. It was designed as a stand-alone system consisting of the processor and a terminal, and incorporates a variety of memory and input/output (I/O) options. A modular approach is used in presenting the SBC-186, breaking the overall system into smaller designs. The authors emphasize the need for timing, DC and AC analysis of designs to ensure their proper operation and reliability. Also presented is the system software development, and how it was separated into three main parts: initialization, memory tests, and the development of a minor routine. >