cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Depletion and synthesis of fatty acids in chickens fed a diet low in unsaturated fatty acids.

SummaryThe proportion of linoleic and arachidonic acid in liver and heart tissue of chickens fed fat-free diets decreased to near minimal values within the first 2 weeks after hatching. Addition of linoleic acid to a fat-free diet at 7 days of age resulted in a significant increase of both linoleic and arachidonic acid in the liver of chicks fed the supplement within 4 days. Chickens fed a diet free of unsaturated fatty acids from 1 to 28 days of age synthesized over 24 g of fatty acids. This consisted mainly of palmitate, palmitoleate and oleate. During the same period the linoleate and arachidonate content of the entire body decreased, resulting in a reduction in the percent of these acids to less than 1/16 of that originally present in the newly-hatched chick.
Sugar nucleotides and nucleotide-peptide complexes of Chlorella pyrenoidosa: Isolation and characterization

Abstract The nucleotides of Chlorella pyrenoidosa were extracted with 80% hot ethanol and separated by fractionation on Dowex-1-formate. On the basis of chemical, enzymatic and chromatographic analysis, the following nucleotides were identified: NAD + , NADP + , 5′-CMP, 5′-UMP, 5′-AMP, 5′-GMP, 5′-IMP, UDP, ADP, ATP and thymidine oligonucleotides. The sugar nucleotides obtained were UDP- d -glucose, UDP- d -galactose, UDP-xylose, UDP-arabinose, UDP- N -acetylglucosamine, UDP-glucuronic acid, GDP- d -mannose and ADP-glucose. GDP- d -galactose and ADP-arabinose have not previously been found in green algae. Several nucleotide-peptide complexes, predominantly of adenine nucleotide, were also present. The properties of a derivative of ADP-ribose are discussed. Using 35 S-labeled Chlorella cells, PAPS and sulfoquinovose were detected. The significance of these findings in relation to the metabolism of Chlorella is discussed.
A Particle Swarm Optimization approach for synthesizing application-specific hybrid photonic networks-on-chip

Hybrid nanophotonic-electric networks-on-chip (NoC) have been recently proposed to overcome the challenges of significant power dissipation and high data transfer latencies in traditional electrical NoCs. However, with increasing embedded application complexity, hardware dependencies, and performance variability, optimizing hybrid nanophotonic-electric NoCs requires traversing a massive design space. No prior work has addressed this problem to the best of our knowledge. We present the first effort in this direction. In this paper, we propose an evolutionary algorithm framework to synthesize hybrid photonic NoCs by utilizing Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Simulated Annealing (SA). Our synthesis results indicate that the PSO-based framework generates more power efficient NoC fabrics compared to SA. The PSO synthesis approach optimizes the hybrid NoC fabric, achieving up to 18 × power reduction compared to the traditional electrical NoC demonstrating significant promise towards generating low power communication fabrics that meet performance objectives.
Autosomal dominant syndrome resembling Coffin-Siris syndrome

Coffin-Siris syndrome is a multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation syndrome with phenotypic variability [OMIM 135900]. The diagnosis is based solely on clinical findings, as there is currently no molecular, biochemical, or cytogenetic analysis available to confirm a diagnosis. Although typically described as an autosomal recessive disorder, autosomal dominant inheritance has also been infrequently reported. We describe a mother and her two daughters who all have features that resemble Coffin-Siris syndrome. However, this is not a completely convincing diagnosis given that hypertelorism is not a feature of Coffin-Siris syndrome and the family is relatively mildly affected. Yet, this family provides further evidence of an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance for a likely variant of Coffin-Siris syndrome (at least in some families). In addition, Sibling 1 had premature thelarche. She is the second reported individual within the spectrum of Coffin-Siris syndrome to have premature thelarche, indicating that it may be a rare clinical feature.
Chromosomal aberrations in man.

Summary The following are the most significant points to emerge in summarizing the present status of the field of human cytogenetics. 1. The human chromosome number is 46; a standard system of nomenclature has been established for identification of somatic metaphase chromosomes. Methods, however, are not yet refined enough to detect small changes within individual chromosomes. 2. The sexual dimorphism existing in somatic cells due to the presence of sex chromatin in nuclei of females permits a rapid survey method for detecting discrepancies between phenotypic and genotypic sex. Chromatin positivity or negativity, however, should be correlated with chromosome analyses since only limited deductions concerning the sex chromosome complement can be made from the presence or absence of sex chromatin. 3. The sex chromatin body in female diploid cells is a manifestation of a single X-chromosome. A cell with 2 sets of autosomes and 2 X-chromosomes is found to have one heteropyknotic X during interphase. The XO or XY cell has no heteropyknotic X. In cells with 2 sets of autosomes and more than 2 X-chromosomes, more than one X may be heteropyknotic, permitting a single X to remain isopyknotic to the autosomes. 4. The greater number of chromosomal anomalies have been found to involve the sex chromosomes. This may reflect the heterochromatic nature of the X and Y, permitting unbalanced conditions to be viable for the organism. Only one monosomic condition, the XO, has thus far been described. No trisomic conditions for the larger autosomes have been detected. 5. The Y-chromosome is a male-determining body. The only cases in which a testis is present in the absence of a Y concern hermaphrodites. In other situations, the Y in combination with one or more X's influences development in a male direction. The female-determining potentialities of the X are not so clearly delineated as the wide range of phenotypes associated with the XO condition seems to indicate. The association of mental retardation with anomalies of the X-chromosome is unusually prevalent. 6. Clinical conditions characterized by primary gonadal failure or intersexuality have been clarified by chromosomal analyses. There is need for detailed studies of cells from many tissues to delineate the role of mosaicism, especially as it may pertain to hermaphroditism. 7. Nondisjunction, influenced by maternal age, is an important etiological basis for the existence of trisomic states. 8. For the pediatrician, the studies on Mongolism are of primary importance. The genetic aspects of the condition have been clarified and a basis for the familial occurrence emphasizes the necessity of chromosomal analyses in providing information in regard to future pregnancies in young mothers with affected children. 9. The presence of an attenuated chromosome 21 or 22, the Ph1 chromosome, is associated with chronic myeloid leukemia.
Broadband reduced reflectivity on silica using etched nuclear tracks.

The use of etched nuclear tracks to create a gradient-index antireflective surface on fused silica was investigated. Fission fragments were used as the nuclear particles. The long-wavelength antireflectivity achieved was broadband but modest, possibly because of large index gradients at the internal and external surfaces. Transmission at short wavelengths was limited by diffuse surface scatter. Laser damage thresholds were high. Residual radioactivity was significant but tolerable for some applications. A theory of the index profile of the porous surface was developed.
A Lasso-Type Approach for Estimation and Variable Selection in Single Index Models

The single index model is a natural extension of the linear regression model for applications in which linearity does not hold. In this article, we propose a penalized local linear smoothing method, called sim-lasso, for estimation and variable selection under the single index model. The sim-lasso method penalizes the derivative of the link function and thus can be considered an extension of the usual lasso. Computational algorithms are developed for calculating the sim-lasso estimates and solution paths. The properties of the solution paths are also investigated. Simulation study and real data application demonstrate the excellent performance of the sim-lasso method. Supplemental materials for the article are available online.
Relaxation Kinetics of Rat Aorta During Pregnancy

OBJECTIVE To examine the hypothesis that kinetics of vasorelaxation are altered during pregnancy. METHODS Rings of aorta from rats at different stages of pregnancy (early, late, and term) and from nonpregnant female rats were precontracted with high-K+ and then allowed to relax in normal-K+ physiologic saline solution. The time to reach 50% and 80% relaxation were determined in the absence or presence of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin) and a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) or after removal of the endothelium. RESULTS The aortic relaxation was progressively faster in later stages of gestation. N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and indomethacin had no significant effect whereas removal of the endothelium caused a slowing of relaxation in all the groups. Even in the presence of N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and indomethacin or after de-endothelization, the relaxation remained faster at term as compared with the other groups. CONCLUSION Aortic relaxation is faster in the presence of endothelium. The effect of endothelium on relaxation is independent of nitric oxide synthase or cyclooxygenase systems. Progression of gestation is associated with acceleration of aortic relaxation, which cannot be totally ascribed to an endothelial factor and may involve a change intrinsic to the vascular smooth muscle. Faster relaxation kinetics of the vasculature during pregnancy may be a mechanism to decrease peripheral vascular resistance.
An interactive program on the PDP-11 for computing organ blood flow from data obtained using the radioactive microsphere technique

An interactive, BASIC-PLUS language program is described for computation of various parameters of blood flow in research animals from data obtained using the radioactive microsphere technique. This program used in conjunction with the PDP-11 computer gives the following output for a variable number of organs studied simultaneously: (1) descriptive statistics on counts per minute; (2) total blood flow to an organ; (3) blood flow to an organ per unit weight; (4) resistance to flow in that organ; (5) total systemic arterial resistance; (6) cardiac output; and (7) percent of cardiac output distributed to each organ. Further, separate outputs can be generated when a series of different isotopes are used in the same animal to study different experimental conditions.
Accident and emergency attendances by children under the age of 1 year as a result of injury.

Objectives: To examine all accident and emergency (A&E) department attendances by children under the age of 1 year over a period of 12 months. Also to try to identify the prevalence and severity of accident types in small children and to suggest ways to reduce such accidents. Methods: The A&E department of the Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital (RACH) serves a population of over half a million. All children under 1 year of age attending this department in the year 2000 had their case notes reviewed by the author and the cause, type, and severity of the illness or injury noted. Results: During the 12 month audit period 1416 new cases under the age of 1 year presented to RACH, 790 of which presented directly to A&E. Six hundred and eighteen (78%) were self referred and 116 children attended A&E on more than one occasion during the year. Four hundred and thirty four (55%) of the A&E attendances were classed as "accidents", the remainder were mainly for medical conditions such as respiratory distress. Two hundred and sixty four (61%) were caused by falls and 38% were admitted for inpatient management. Two hundred and twenty nine (29%) required radiographs, which revealed 30 fractures. Thirty seven children sustained scalds/burns and there were 33 accidental ingestions. Six cases were judged to be non-accidental. Conclusions: There is a surprisingly high rate of "accidental" injury in this age group, bringing into question the effectiveness of current accident prevention strategies. Perhaps specific prevention advice should be targeted at parents and carers of young children. There should always be a high index of suspicion for non-accidental injury.
Making a virtue out of a necessity: Hurricanes and the resilience of community organization

Most of us these days are all too aware of the disruptive impact of hurricanes in human affairs. Yet disturbances ranging from minor local disruptions to massive large-scale catastrophes are part-and-parcel of life in most natural ecosystems (1, 2). These disturbances often provide scientific opportunities, because sometimes one learns the most about how a system functions by watching it recover after it has been kicked by a major disturbance (e.g., ref. 3). Ecologists increasingly recognize that the structure of natural communities reflects the interplay of processes acting over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales (4) that are well beyond the scope of manipulative experiments. The article in this issue of PNAS by Schoener and Spiller (5) provides a deft testament to the insights that can sometimes be gleaned from “natural” experiments generated by large-scale disturbances, which permit an examination of system responses that could not be readily examined with manipulative experiments.
Assessment of biases associated with profiling simple, model communities using terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism-based analyses.

Community profiles based on terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses of amplified ribosomal RNA genes are used to monitor changes in microbial community structure and are sometimes employed for semi-quantitative estimates of species richness and abundance in environmental samples. To assess the accuracy of T-RFLP community profiles representing the relative abundance of bacteria in a sample, five species of ruminal bacteria were used to construct simple “communities”. Template DNA for PCR amplification was generated either by mixing equal quantities of genomic DNA from pure cultures or by mixing equal numbers of cells prior to DNA extraction. Pairwise mixtures of Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 with Ruminococcus albus 8, Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 49 and Streptococcus bovis JB1 were created and a 5-member community was constructed. With genomic DNA mixes, relative abundance calculations based on T-RFLP patterns did not reflect input ratios. These discrepancies could not be accounted for by differences in genome size and rRNA operon copy number. In cell mixing experiments, easily lysed cells were overrepresented. To determine if a numerical correction factor could be used to compensate for observed discrepancies, we attempted to quantify biases attributed to DNA extraction and PCR amplification. Biases attributable to these factors led to deviations from expected PCR product ratios by 6% to 38%. We found that interactions were so complex that a suitable factor could not be derived. The unsystematic dependence of T-RFLP peak ratios on variability of DNA extraction and PCR amplification prevents accurate quantification of the relative abundance of microorganisms designed to represent simplified natural populations.
Implementing intentional robotics principles using SSR2K platform

We demonstrate the operation of the SODAS approach (self-organized ontogenetic development of autonomous systems) for on-line processing of sensory inputs and onboard dynamic behavior tasking using SRR2K (sample return rover) platform at the planetary robotics indoor facility of JPL. SODAS employs a biologically inspired dynamic neural network architecture operating on the principle of chaotic neural dynamics manifesting intentionality in the style of brains. Intentional behavior includes the cyclic operation of prediction, testing by action, sensing, perceiving, and assimilating the learned features. The experiments illustrate robust obstacle avoidance combined with goal-oriented navigation by the SRR2K robot.
Postoperative Pericarditis following Thymectomy for Myasthenia Gravis* A Prospective Study

Eight consecutive patients who underwent thymectomy for the treatment of myasthenia gravis were evaluated prospectively for the development of postoperative pericarditis. In four of the eight patients (50 percent) pericarditis developed within 48 hours after thymectomy. All four had a three-component pericardial friction rub, two of the four patients had a new postoperative pericardial effusion by echocardiography, and in two typical ECG diffuse concave ST segment elevation and evolutionary ST and T wave changes developed. In the four patients with postoperative pericarditis, a malignant thymoma adherent to the pericardium was found in two, while two patients had a normal thymus histology with no adherence to the pericardium. Thus, postoperative pericarditis was found in both of the patients with a thymoma and in two of six patients without a thymoma. This study demonstrates that a high incidence of pericarditis occurs following thymectomy for the treatment of myasthenia gravis.
Pan-tilt-zoom camera calibration and high-resolution mosaic generation

In this paper, we discuss the problem of estimating parameters of a calibration model for active pan-tilt-zoom cameras. The variation of the intrinsic parameters of each camera over its full range of zoom settings is estimated through a two step procedure. We first determine the intrinsic parameters at the camera's lowest zoom setting very accurately by capturing an extended panorama. The camera intrinsics and radial distortion parameters are then determined at discrete steps in a monotonically increasing zoom sequence that spans the full zoom range of the camera. Our model incorporates the variation of radial distortion with camera zoom. Both calibration phases are fully automatic and do not assume any knowledge of the scene structure. High-resolution calibrated panoramic mosaics are also computed during this process. These fully calibrated panoramas are represented as multi-resolution pyramids of cube-maps. We describe a hierarchical approach for building multiple levels of detail in panoramas, by aligning hundreds of images captured within a 1-12× zoom range. Results are shown from datasets captured from two types of pan-tilt-zoom cameras placed in an uncontrolled outdoor environment. The estimated camera intrinsics model along with the cube-maps provides a calibration reference for images captured on the fly by the active pan-tilt-zoom camera under operation making our approach promising for active camera network calibration.
An interactive solution to adaptive phase jitter cancellation

The paper describes a new technique for adaptive cancellation of phase jitter based on IIR filtering. If all the possible sources of phase jitter are known a priori for a given system, then their effect can be interactively filtered out by the proposed algorithm. In addition to offering a cost effective solution for combating the effects of severe phase jitter, this algorithm yields a fast response time to interactive sources of phase jitter. The proposed algorithm will not face any noise/bandwidth conflicts and, hence, it will make no sacrifice in performance. >
Discovery, infiltration, and denial of service in a process control system wireless network

Process control systems and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems use computers to control physical processes in many critical industries including electric power generation, electric power distribution, gas pipelines, waste treatment, water distribution, and many others. Because process control systems can be spread over large distances, wired connections become infeasible. Commercially available wireless radios are often used in place of wires to connect network nodes. In this paper we provide an overview of process control systems, discuss how process control systems differ from networks commonly found in the information technology domain, demonstrate the ability to detect and infiltrate a wireless radio network used in control systems, and finally, detail a denial of service attack against a process control system. This attack denies feedback from nodes monitoring the controlled physical process and is therefore a dangerous cyber-attack.
Online training on the safe use of fluoroscopy can result in a significant decrease in patient dose.

Rationale and Objectives Concerns over medical radiation exposure have received national press in recent years, and training in the appropriate use of radiation has become an essential component of every radiology residency program. Appropriate training is particularly important in fluoroscopy because it is commonly used by inexperienced radiology residents and has the potential to impart relatively high patient radiation doses. In an effort to minimize the radiation doses received by patients, our institution has recently initiated an online training program in the safe use of fluoroscopy. This course is required and must be completed by new radiology residents before their first fluoroscopy rotation. The goal of this study was to determine if the use of an online course in the safe use of fluoroscopy could result in decreased patient dose without affecting diagnostic quality. Materials and Methods Four years of retrospective procedural data for residents performing gastrointestinal and genitourinary fluoroscopic procedures without specialized training were reviewed. Incoming residents took an American Medical Association–accredited online training program in the safe use of fluoroscopy the week before their first fluoroscopy rotation. Patient dose and diagnostic quality data, inferred from the frequency of attending physician intervention necessary to complete the procedure, were collected for all exams performed by the new group of residents after completion of the training course. This was then compared to data from prior classes and stratified by procedure type. Results Statistically significant reductions in both average fluoroscopy time (FT) or dose-area-product (DAP) were found for many of the fluoroscopic procedures performed by residents who participated in the online fluoroscopy training program. Specifically, statistically significant reductions in FT for barium enema, cystogram, defecogram, and esophagram procedures ( P P Conclusion An online training program can be effectively used to provide radiation safety instruction immediately before the start of a resident's fluoroscopy rotation, decreasing patient dose without affecting diagnostic quality.
CDC6 Requirement for Spindle Formation During Maturation of Mouse Oocytes

A master regulator of DNA replication, CDC6 also functions in the DNA-replication checkpoint by preventing DNA rereplication. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate the amount and localization of CDC6 throughout the cell cycle; CDC6 phosphorylation after DNA replication initiation leads to its proteolysis in yeast or translocation to the cytoplasm in mammals. Overexpression of CDC6 during the late S phase prevents entry into the M phase by activating CHEK1 kinase that then inactivates CDK1/cyclin B, which is essential for the G2/M-phase transition. We analyzed the role of CDC6 during resumption of meiosis in mouse oocytes, which are arrested in the first meiotic prophase with low CDK1/cyclin B activity; this is similar to somatic cells at the G2/M-phase border. Overexpression of CDC6 in mouse oocytes does not prevent resumption of meiosis. The RNA interference-mediated knockdown of CDC6, however, reveals a new and unexpected function for CDC6; namely, it is essential for spindle formation in mouse oocytes. gamete biology, kinases, meiosis, oocyte development
Digital information encrypted in an image using binary encoding

This paper proposes a new type of encoding methods to encrypt hidden (covert) information in host images. The encrypted information can be plot, fax, word, or network data, and it must be encoded with binary codes. All the pixels in an encoded (overt) image modulated from a host image are classified into three groups. The first group of pixels is called identification codes, used to judge whether the overt image is encoded by a method proposed in this paper or not. The second group of pixels is called type codes, used to judge the encoding type. The third group of pixels is called information codes, used to decode the encoded information. Applying the proposed encoding methods is quite convenient, and host images are not needed for decoding. Decoding covert information from overt images is rather difficult for un-authorized persons, whereas it is very easy for designers or authorized persons. Therefore, the proposed methods are very useful.
Chondrosarcoma of the larynx and trachea: A report of two rare cases

Results: Case 1 is an 80-year-old male who presented with cough and was found to have an exophytic mass that involved the first through fourth tracheal rings. Biopsy revealed grade I-II chondrosarcoma. He underwent composite resection with primary anastomosis and remained free of disease 36 months after surgery. Case 2 is a 45 year old male who presented with a neck mass and dysphonia and was found to have a large mass arising from the left thyroid ala. Histopathologic analysis revealed the clear cell variant of chondrosarcoma. The patient underwent partial laryngectomy with adjuvant radiation therapy. He remains free of disease 34 months after surgery.
Rheology of the Earth's mantle: A historical review

Abstract Historical development of our understanding of rheological properties of the Earth's mantle is reviewed. Rheological properties of the Earth's mantle control most of the important geological processes such as the style of mantle convection (e.g., stagnant lid versus plate tectonics) and the nature of thermal evolution. However, inferring the rheological properties of the Earth's mantle is challenging because of the presence of multiple mechanisms of deformation that have different dependence on time-scale (strain-rate), stress levels and other parameters. Through the integration of a broad range of observations including the elastic stiffness from tidal deformation and the viscosity from the concept of isostasy, a gross picture of rheological stratification of the Earth's mantle (a strong lithosphere, a weak asthenosphere and a strong layer below) was proposed in the mid-19th century. However, not only the physical basis for such a model was weak due to the lack of proper understanding of some materials science issues such as the interplay between elastic and viscous deformation but also the lack of understanding of temperature–depth relation associated with convection prevented our understanding of the rheological structure of the Earth's interior. Major progress occurred in the first half of the 20th century in our understanding of the atomistic mechanisms of plastic deformation in solids, and much of the theoretical framework on the plastic deformation of solids was established by late 1960s. Those developments provided a basis for scaling analyses that are critical to the applications of laboratory results to the Earth's interior. Major progress in laboratory studies on rheological properties occurred in the mid-1960s to the early 1970s in Griggs' lab using a new type of solid-medium high-pressure deformation apparatus to pressure ∼ 2 GPa and temperature ∼ 1600 K. The basic concepts such as the water weakening, non-linear rheology and deformation-induced lattice-preferred orientation were identified by their studies. However, large uncertainties in the stress measurements with this type of apparatus were recognized in the late 1970s and high-resolution experimental studies using synthetic samples were initiated in Paterson's lab in the mid-1980s using a high-resolution gas-medium deformation apparatus. However, experimental studies with such a gas-medium deformation apparatus can be conducted only at low pressures (
Introductory AI educational resources on the web

Fortunately for people seeking to learn more about artificial intelligence, a wide range of general and introductory educational materials related to AI is available on the Web. The Web resources described below, available both in electronic form and as pointers to conventional media such as books or videos, are not, however, of interest just to university educators and their students. Many of them are of broad scope and are useful to information technology specialists or AI practitioners seeking a starting-off point from which to improve their knowledge of the field. Some of the materials listed here will also be of use to educators in high schools or middle schools where AI topics may play a role in course curricula.
On a multilevel controlled bulk queueing system MX/Gr,R/1

The authors introduce and study a class of bulk queueing systems with a compound Poisson input modulated by a semi-Markov process, multilevel control service time and a queue length dependent service delay discipline. According to this discipline, the server immediately starts the next service act if the queue length is not less than r; in this case all available units, or R (capacity of the server) of them, whichever is less, are taken for service. Otherwise, the server delays the service act until the number of units in the queue reaches or exceeds level r.
Minimal Thoracotomy Thoracic Bifemoral Bypass in the Endovascular Era

Background Endoluminal revascularization has supplanted open techniques for most aortoiliac occlusive disease with open surgery reserved for endovascular failure or long-segment aortoiliac occlusions. A number of clinical and anatomic issues can preclude the use of the infrarenal aorta for inflow. Our approach in these select patients is minimal thoracotomy thoracic bifemoral (mini-TBF) bypass. Methods Mini-TBF bypass used a 2-team approach. The cardiac surgery team focused on arterial inflow from the distal descending aorta via a ≤8-cm thoracotomy at ninth interspace. The vascular surgery team focused on groin reconstruction and graft tunneling. The body of the graft was tunneled through the posterior left hemidiaphragm. The left limb was tunneled retroperitoneal over the psoas and the right limb anterior to the abdominal fascia below the umbilicus to the groin. Results Thirteen patients (mean age, 64; 82% male) underwent mini-TBF bypass between 2009 and 2012 for claudication in 9 (69%) and critical limb ischemia in 4 (31%). Five patients had prior failed iliac endovascular revascularizations and 2 patients had failed prior infrarenal aortobifemoral bypass. The indication for use of thoracic aortic inflow was prior abdominal operations in 4 (31%), pelvic anatomy with a critical inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) in 5 (38%), and the condition of the infrarenal/juxtarenal aorta in 4 (31%). Median operative time was 240 min (range 181–513 min). Median length of stay was 8 days. There was no perioperative mortality. Postoperative complications occurred in 5 patients, stroke 1, pulmonary 2 (both contralateral lung issues), and 2 limb occlusion secondary to outflow disease. At median follow-up of 18 months, 2 patients required amputations, both from preexisting tissue loss despite secondary patent grafts. Conclusions Mini-TBF bypass provides another alternative to successfully revascularize Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II type D lesions in patients with prior abdominal revascularization, pelvic anatomy with a critical IMA, or calcification/thrombus of the infrarenal/juxtarenal aorta precludes control.
Thermal analysis and modelling of a copper-polyimide thin-film-on-silicon multichip module packaging technology

The author describes the use of experimentation and finite element modeling to investigate the thermal performance of a copper-polyimide thin-film-on-silicon technology. A thermal test module having a large number of internal and external temperature sensors was used to assess temperature gradients across the die, solder bumps, polyimide, and silicon substrate. Issues related to solder bump and via geometry solder bump arrangement, heat spreading in the silicon substrate and heat transfer to the next packaging level are considered to provide an understanding of heat transfer limitations from the active side of flip-chip devices in thin-film-on-silicon multi-chip modules. >
Sensitive and Specific Identification of Protein Complexes in "Perturbed" Protein Interaction Networks from Noisy Pull-Down Data

High-throughput mass-spectrometry technology has enabled genome-scale discovery of protein-protein interactions. Yet, computational inference of protein interaction networks and their functional modules from large-scale pull-down data is challenging. Over-expressed or "sticky" bait is not specific, it generates numerous false positives. This "curse" of the technique is also its "blessing" -- the sticky bait can pull-down interacting components of other complexes, thus increase sensitivity. Finding optimal trade-offs between coverage and accuracy requires tuning multiple "knobs," i.e., method parameters. Each selection leads to a putative network, where each network in the set of "perturbed" networks differs from the others by a few added or removed edges. Identification of functional modules in such networks is often based on graph-theoretical methods such as maximal clique enumeration. Due to the NP-hard nature of the latter, the number of tunings to explore is limited. This paper presents an efficient iterative framework for sensitive and specific detection of protein complexes from noisy protein interaction data.
Multiple Dynamic Processes Contribute to the Complex Steady Shear Behavior of Cross-Linked Supramolecular Networks of Semidilute Entangled Polymer Solutions.

Molecular theories of shear thickening and shear thinning in asso- ciative polymer networks are typically united in that they involve a single kinetic parameter that describes the network ; a relaxation time that is related to the lifetime of the associative bonds. Here we report the steady-shear behavior of two structurally identicalmetallo-supramolecular polymernetworks,forwhich single- relaxation parameter models break down in dramatic fashion. The networks are formedbytheadditionofreversiblecross-linkerstosemidiluteentangledsolutions ofpoly(4-vinylpyridine)(PVP)indimethylsulfoxide(DMSO),andtheydifferonlyin the lifetime of the reversible cross-links. Shear thickening is observed for cross- linkers that have a slower dissociation rate (17 s -1 ), while shear thinning is observed for samples that have a faster dissociation rate (ca. 1400 s -1 ). The difference in the steady shear behavior of the unentangled versus entangled regime reveals an unexpected, additional competing relaxation, ascribed to topological disentanglement in the semidilute entangled regime that contributes to the rheological properties. SECTION Macromolecules, Soft Matter
SF Bayweb 2009: Planting the seeds of an observing system in the San Francisco Bay

A pilot project was recently completed in the San Francisco Bay from May 1–10, 2009, to test the use of advanced moorings combined with undersea and wireless networking for displaying real-time environmental data online. The project was a collaboration among several universities and state and federal agencies and was hosted by SFSU's Romberg Tiburon Center (RTC) in Tiburon, CA. Two current profilers housed in hydrodynamic moorings were deployed near Angel Island to observe currents throughout the water column and transmit data to shore in real time via a communications gateway mounted on a US Coast Guard navigation buoy. The network was an implementation of the most recent version of the Seaweb system developed at the SPAWAR systems center in San Diego, CA. A series of undersea repeater nodes were used to transmit the signals from the sensors to the buoy using very low power outputs. Shipboard CTD and ADCP surveys were also completed to help understand the observed circulation. The long-term plan is to make these data available all the time at several key choke points within the bay and use it to constrain a new community model of the San Francisco Bay circulation being developed by UC Berkeley and Stanford University. The model output will in turn be used to address community needs in the areas for maritime safety, water quality, spill containment and mitigation, and ecosystem health. Instruments were deployed in Raccoon Strait and the Main Channel on May 1, 2009 and collected data for 10 days. The primary mooring structure was a new package developed at the Naval Postgraduate School that integrated current sensors, acoustic release, and acoustic modems into a Flotation Technologies Stablemoor moored 3 m off the ocean floor. This package allowed for the possibility of migrating sand waves about 2 m high, which could potentially prevent a bottom package from being recovered. Mooring performance was good, with a variance in pitch and roll of only about plus or minus 5 degrees in very high currents. Observed currents in the Main Channel were predominantly tidal and oscillated from the southwest to northeast at speeds exceeding 100 cm/s. Currents were barotropic over most of the tidal cycle but exhibited an unusual shear in the v-component for about 3 hours at the beginning of each ebb tide. Such shear in the water column is of interest to deep-draft vessels transiting the area. The Raccoon Strait observations were hampered by a failed compass in the instrument: It may be possible to reconstruct the record using the observed speed and the highly oscillatory nature of the flow. Plans are underway for a second, longer deployment in the bay during July 2009. These technologies can potentially allow for obtaining real-time current observations in difficult environments where they were not previously possible.
Influence of the Format of Engineering Information and Spatial Cognition on Craft-Worker Performance

AbstractA series of field trials with pipefitters in North America was conducted to explore how their spatial cognition influenced their performance on a scale model assembly task. Participants were provided one of three information formats, traditional, two-dimensional (2D) isometric drawings, 2D isometric drawings supplemented with a 2D visual rendering of a three-dimensional (3D) image of the assembly, and 2D isometric drawings supplemented with a 3D physical model of the assembly. Card rotation and cube comparison tests were administered to measure spatial cognition. This paper’s primary contribution centers around the discovery that individual spatial cognition significantly influenced the pipefitter’s performance, but the format of information can neutralize the effect. Both the information format and spatial cognition significantly influenced performance. When only 2D information was provided, participants with relatively low spatial cognition performed significantly worse than participants with re...
Connecting the dots on fibroblast growth factor 23 and left ventricular hypertrophy

Apart from FGF23, the work by Leifheit-Nestler et al. provides welcome new insights into what role α-Klotho may have in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
Development and Mortality of the Bean Weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), on Mature Seeds of Tepary Beans, Phaseolus acutifolius, and Common Beans, Phaseolus vulgaris

Tepary beans, Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray, were more resistant to feeding by the bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), than common beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. Developmental times were longer and mortality percentages were greater on all tepary accessions compared with common beans. In most cases, emergence rates and adult prereproductive dry weights were lower on tepary versus common bean accessions. The estimated number of adults present after 182 d of seed storage was low for all tepary accessions and was high for most common bean accessions. Tepary beans may provide a useful germplasm source for the improvement of bruchid resistance in common beans.
Ultrahigh Throughput Single Cell Imaging

We describe a new fluorescent and a new label-free cellular imaging technique for classification of cancer and stem cells with application in diagnostics and drug discovery. An order of magnitude higher throughput is achieved relative to the state-of-the-art technologies.
Progress of the rational drug use in basic level medical institutions promoted by essential drug system

The essential drug system has become an important part of health service management in the world, which is considered as a significant means to promote the rational use of drugs. Based on the literature review, we analyzed the conditions of drugs use before and after the implementation of essential drug system and put forward corresponding suggestions to those problems occurred in the basic level medical institutions in China so as to provide some experience for the promotion and improvement of the essential drugs system and the rational use of drugs.
Developing a nutritional surveillance system.

Successful nutritional care of individuals and population groups can only be based on adequate and valid data. Both nutritional surveys and surveillance programs are discussed in this light.
Racialized illegality: The regulation of informal labor and space

Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork in Oakland, California, this paper analyzes the construction of racialized forms of difference between indigenous and nonindigenous Latino workers, based on an examination of their solicitation practices at day labor hiring zones. I reveal how the construction of these racialized divisions shapes how workers organize themselves at hiring zones, and impacts their migration experience and relationship with the host community. I argue that migrants’ experience of illegality must be seen as coterminous with other forms of difference that produces new modes of discrimination not solely reducible to legal status. My concept “racialized illegality” draws attention to how migrants’ experience of illegality exacerbates racial divisions amongst Latino subgroups. Racialized illegality is an analytical tool to push scholarship to assess how an increasingly racially diverse group of Latin American migrants is experiencing migration and settlement processes.
The Positive U-Turn

Theories of legal interpretation have taken a “positive turn” in recent years. Some scholars have argued that disputes over how to interpret statutes and the Constitution should be resolved by looking to the social facts that determine what our positive law requires. Most of the commentary on the positive turn has focused on the substantive claim that what the law requires as a matter of constitutional interpretation is a version of originalism. Less attention has been paid to the more interesting and provocative methodological thesis that we ought to resolve our debates about legal interpretation by looking to “our law” and that doing so requires making claims about the nature of law – specifically, claims about the social facts that determine its content. Because positivist theories vary with respect to which social facts matter for the purpose of determining the existence and content of law, an obvious (and obviously important) question for the positive turn is whether generating its alleged methodological benefits requires choosing from among rival positivist theories. Yet the chief proponents of the positive turn say very little on this question, and what they do say is ambiguous. This article thus sets out to answer that question by testing how the positive turn would work under four different positivist accounts of law. The result of the analysis is that the positive turn fails under every approach considered. Although certain aspects of the positive turn fit well with each account of law, not one of them is capable of supporting it. Instead, each approach either leads to obviously false conclusions or fails to produce the normative and methodological payoff the positive turn promises. Even in its failure, however, the positive turn is instructive because it illustrates the difficulty of endeavoring to reconcile legal theory and practice.
Redefining the roles of the FtsZ-ring in bacterial cytokinesis

In most bacteria, cell division relies on the functions of an essential protein, FtsZ. FtsZ polymerizes at the future division site to form a ring-like structure, termed the Z-ring, that serves as a scaffold to recruit all other division proteins, and possibly generates force to constrict the cell. The scaffolding function of the Z-ring is well established, but the force generating function has recently been called into question. Additionally, new findings have demonstrated that the Z-ring is more directly linked to cell wall metabolism than simply recruiting enzymes to the division site. Here we review these advances and suggest that rather than generating a rate-limiting constrictive force, the Z-ring's function may be redefined as an orchestrator of septum synthesis.
Can winning take care of everything? A longitudinal assessment of post-transgression actions on repairing trust in an athlete endorser

Abstract A celebrity athlete’s transgression damages the public’s trust in that celebrity. However, little is known about whether demonstrating an outstanding performance after the transgression mitigates the negative consequence of that transgression. It also remains unexplored whether engaging in reparation can restore consumer trust and generate forgiveness. Taking a longitudinal approach, we found that post-transgression performance slightly increased competence-based trust but had no impact on increasing integrity-based trust and forgiveness. However, post-transgression reparation efforts enhanced both integrity-based trust and forgiveness over time. Findings also suggest that performance has little impact on generating forgiveness, countering the popular notion that winning takes care of everything.
Patient-reported symptom burdens in NSCLC patients undergoing proton, 3DCRT, or IMRT.

7574 Background: Concurrent chemoradiation (CXRT) for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is associated with the development of systemic self-reported symptom burden as well as ra...
Sexual Dimorphism of miRNAs Secreted by Bovine In vitro-produced Embryos.

Sexual dimorphism of bovine blastocysts has previously been observed through differences in development, cell death, metabolism, telomere length, DNA methylation, and transcriptomics. However, dimorphism in the secretion of miRNAs to culture media has not yet been evaluated. The objectives of this study were to determine if sex-specific blastocyst miRNA secretion occurs and to further investigate the role these miRNAs may have in the interaction between a blastocyst and the maternal environment. In vitro embryo culture was performed and media from male and female blastocysts was collected into sex-specific pools. Profiling of 68 miRNAs revealed a total of eight miRNAs that were differentially expressed between female and male-conditioned media. Validation by qPCR confirmed higher expression of miR-22 (P 0.05). Further, expression of the progesterone receptor transcript, a predicted target of all three miRNAs, was found to be upregulated in the cells following supplementation of miR-122 (P 0.05) supplementation. This work demonstrates that male and female conceptuses are able to differentially secrete miRNAs at the blastocyst stage and that these miRNAs have the ability to induce a transcriptomic response when applied to maternal cells. This knowledge builds on the known dimorphic differences in conceptuses at the blastocyst stage and demonstrates a role for blastocyst-secreted miRNAs in cell-cell communication.