cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
UNDERPREPARED COMMUNITY COLLEGE STUDENTS: CHARACTERISTICS, PERSISTENCE, AND ACADEMIC SUCCESS

Academically underprepared community college students demonstrated a lower course completion rate, greater attrition, more text anxiety, and a more external locus of control than college‐ready students, but they did not demonstrate differences in grade point average (GPA), learning‐study strategies, or self‐esteem. Both college‐ready and academically underprepared persisters achieved greater academic success, as measured by course completion rate and GPA, but reported lower general self‐esteem than did nonpersisters.
Benign prostatic glands at surgical margins of radical prostatectomy specimens: frequency and associated risk factors.

Abstract Objectives. Elevation of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer is considered a surrogate marker of therapeutic failure. The most likely explanation for early PSA failure is considered to be due to local recurrent disease, provided the patient had a nondetectable PSA level after radical prostatectomy. Others have recently suggested that benign prostatic glands located on the surgical margins may often lead to detectable PSA levels. We examined the frequency of benign prostatic glands at the surgical margins of radical prostatectomy specimens and the factors associated with this finding. Methods. One hundred nineteen consecutive radical prostatectomies were performed by two experienced oncologic surgeons. Whole-mount sectioning of the prostatectomy specimens was performed at 3-mm intervals. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine which clinical and pathologic factors were associated with benign glands on inked surgical margins. Results. Of the 119 cases, 13 (11%) had benign glands on the inked surgical margins. Four of these 13 had tumor on the inked margins. The remaining 9 cases (8%) were organ confined (pT2), with negative surgical margins. Benign glands were most often seen to involve the apex focally (7 of 9 cases). On bivariate and multivariate analyses, a high Gleason score and prostate gland volume were significantly associated with finding benign glands on the surgical margins. Only 2 of 86 patients with follow-up had PSA recurrence at 59 and 67 days and neither had benign glands on the inked surgical margins. Conclusions. The presence of benign prostatic glands identified on inked surgical margins was an infrequent occurrence in this consecutive series of 119 whole-mount prostatectomy specimens. When benign glands were identified, they most often consisted of 1 to 3 glands at the apex margin. These findings suggest that benign glands on surgical margins are an unusual cause of postoperative detectable PSA.
An ultraflexible microminiature multilead electrode

Winding jig and construction details aregiven for a microminiature electrode for chronic small animal work. Electrode configuration is that of intermeshed helices. Increasing the number of leads does not affect bulk or flexibility.
Botulinum toxin injection: a review of injection principles and protocols

Despite the favorable outcomes seen using botulinum toxin (BTX) for voiding dysfunction using BTX, a standardized technique and protocol for toxin injection is not defined. We reviewed the current literature on intravesical BTX injection for DO (detrusor overactivity). Specific attention was placed on defining optimal injection protocol, including dose, volume, and injection sites. In addition, we sought to describe a standard technique to BTX injection.
The role of educational institutions in future OPEC‐Alaska cooperation

L'Alaska et l'OPEP connaissent les memes types de problemes sociaux, economiques et ecologiques. De ce fait, l'auteur prone une cooperation entre ces deux pays, dans les domaines de la recherche et de l'education
Bending and focusing effects in an FEL oscillator II: numerical simulations☆

Bending and focusing of the optical beam by the electron beam is investigated for an FEL oscillator configuration. Numerical calculations are performed with the simulation code, FELEX.
Critical care nutrition: Routes of feeding

Nutrition is an integral part of the management of the critically ill patient. Nutritional support can be provided by either parenteral or enteral routes. Whenever possible, enteral nutrition is the method of choice, as it reduces complication rates and improves outcome. Potential choices for enteral feeding include nasoesophageal, esophagostomy, gastrostomy, jejunostomy, and transpyloric feeding tubes. The modes of parenteral and enteral nutrition are reviewed individually, including indications and selection of appropriate routes of feeding, methods of tube placement, and benefits and risks associated with each feeding approach.
e-subgradient projection algorithm

Abstract Using only certain easily computable e-subgradients, an implementable convergent algorithm for finding the minimizer of a non-differentiable objective function subject to a finite number of linear constraints in d-dimensional space is given. The particular objective function consists of the pointwise maximum of a finite system of pseudoconvex functions. At each iteration cycle certain projections are computed. The negatives of these directions are feasible directions of strict descent for the objective function. The convergence of the algorithm is proved. The algorithm has also been numerically tested.
Dialysis: Reducing central venous catheter use in haemodialysis.

Although consensus guidelines promote the use of arteriovenous fistulas for vascular access, the vast majority of US patients initiate haemodialysis using a central venous catheter. Malas et al. evaluate the impact of the type of incident vascular access on patient survival after initiation of haemodialysis.
An atomistic view of adhesion

SUMMARY Some results on first-principles calculations of adhesion are reviewed. The universal relationship between adhesive energy and interfacial spacing, as well as significant effects of impurities on adhesion are discussed. Research on the modelling of industrial materials is particularly important for the automobile industry, in which there is a rather broad spectrum of materials interests. For a recent review of automotive materials needs, see Ref. 1. Processing and design of automotive materials often involves issues of adhesion. The nature of the strong bonds which can form between materials in intimate contact is therefore of importance. Because of the variety of materials found in these interfaces (metals, ceramics, intermetallics, and impurities), adhesion computations must be first-principles, self-consistent, quantummechanical calculations. This and the relatively low symmetry found in interfaces presents a significant challenge for computational methods. A number of years ago, the first such adhesion computations [2] revealed an unexpected universality. We found that the total energy versus interfacial spacing for a number of different metal contacts could be simply scaled onto a single curve. Subsequently [3], we found that this universality extended to a variety of materials in adhesion, cohesion, chemisorption, and to diatomic molecules, as shown in Fig. 1. First-principles computations were recently [4] carried out on Mo/MoSi 2 interfaces with and without interfacial impurities such as O, C, B, S, and Nb. Again, the universal behavior was exhibited in all cases. We found that the (equilibrium) interfacial spacings increased in proportion to impurity covalent radii. All of the impurities were found to decrease the Mo/MoSi 2 adhesive energy, with S lowering it by a factor of two. Universal behavior was also found for A1Ni/Cr adhesion [5].
The Regulatory Light Chains of Myosin Modulate Cross-bridge Cycling in Skeletal Muscle

Abstract We investigated the kinetics of Ca activation of skeletal muscle contraction elicited by the photolysis of caged Ca. Previously we showed that partial extraction of the 18-kDa regulatory light chains (RLCs) of myosin decreased the rate of force development and was subsequently increased by 20% following reconstitution with RLCs (Potter, J. D., Zhao, J. and Pan, B. S.(1992) FASEB J. 6, A1240). We extend here the RLC-extraction study to the complete removal of the RLCs. The complete removal of RLCs was achieved by a combination of 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and EDTA treatment followed by reduction of oxidized sulfydryl groups by dithiothreitol. Under these conditions the complete extraction of RLCs was accompanied by the extraction of endogenous troponin C, resulting in the loss of isometric tension. Steady state force was restored to 65-75% following troponin C reconstitution and increased to 75-85% as a result of RLC reincorporation into the fibers. The rates of force transients generated by UV-flash photolysis of 1-(2-nitro-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis[(oxycarbonyl)methyl]-1,2-ethanediamine) or nitrophenyl-EGTA, photoliberating bound Ca, decreased 2-fold after RLC extraction and troponin C reconstitution and then increased to the values of intact fibers after RLC reconstitution. These results support our earlier findings that the regulatory light chains of myosin play an important role in the kinetics of cross-bridge cycling.
A Numerical Investigation into the Anomalous Slight NOx Increase when Burning Biodiesel: A New (Old) Theory

Biodiesel is a notable alternative to petroleum derived diesel fuel because it comes from natural domestic sources and thus reduces dependence on diminishing petroleum fuel from foreign sources, it likely lowers lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions, and it lowers an engine's emission of most pollutants as compared to petroleum derived diesel. However, the use of biodiesel often slightly increases a diesel engine's emission of smog forming nitrogen oxides (NO{sub x}) relative to petroleum diesel. In this paper, previously proposed theories for this slight NOx increase are reviewed, including theories based on biodiesel's cetane number, which leads to differing amounts of charge preheating, and theories based on the fuel's bulk modulus, which affects injection timing. This paper proposes an additional theory for the slight NO{sub x} increase of biodiesel. Biodiesel typically contains more double bonded molecules than petroleum derived diesel. These double bonded molecules have a slightly higher adiabatic flame temperature, which leads to the increase in NOx production for biodiesel. Our theory was verified using numerical simulations to show a NOx increase, due to the double bonded molecules, that is consistent with observation. Further, the details of these numerical simulations show that NOx is predominantly due to the Zeldovich mechanism.
On Paul Samuelson

Paul Samuelson was one of the few men who earned himself a significant place in economics. He was in himself a starting point. We are fortunate to have Robert Solow, his colleague and long-time friend, discuss how Samuelson changed economics. Samuelson was a member of Challenge's Editorial Advisory Board since 1973.
What is Social Media

In the January issue of Fisheries, in this column I referenced results from a recent survey of our membership. Guess what? Many in our membership are eager to engage in social media but do not know...
A Comparison of Palliative Stenting or Emergent Surgery for Obstructing Incurable Colon Cancer

Acute colonic obstruction because of advanced colonic malignancy is a surgical emergency. Our aim was to review our experience with self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) compared to emergent surgery as the initial therapy for the management of patients with incurable obstructing colon cancer. A retrospective review of patients with obstructing colon cancer who underwent insertion of a SEMS (n = 53) or surgery (n = 70) from 2002 to 2008 was performed. The primary endpoint was relief of obstruction. Secondary endpoints include technical success of the procedure, duration of hospital stay, early and long-term complications, and overall survival. Both groups were similar in age, sex, and tumor distribution. Placement of SEMS was successful in 50/53 (94%) patients. Surgery was effective in relieving obstruction in 70/70 (100%) patients. Patients in the SEMS group have a significantly shorter median hospital stay (2 days) as compared to the surgery group (8 days) (P < 0.001). Patients with SEMS also had significantly less acute complications compared to the surgery group (8 vs. 30%, P = 0.03). The hospital mortality for the SEMS group was 0% compared to 8.5% in patients that underwent surgical decompression (P = 0.04). There was no difference in survival between the two groups (P = 0.76). In patients with colorectal cancer and obstructive symptoms, SEMS provide a highly effective and safe therapy when compared to surgery. In most patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and obstruction, SEMS provide a minimally invasive alternative to surgical intervention.
Tank Waste Transport, Pipeline Plugging, and the Prospects for Reducing the Risk of Waste Transfers

This report provides an overview of the capabilities and limitations of some current models being applied to the analysis of waste transfers; identifies the modeling capabilities needed to reduce the risk of pipeline plugging during tank waste transfers; and summarizes ongoing, planned, and future work needed to add these capabilities. Development of improved waste transport modeling tools with these capabilities will also help with waste transfer planning and evaluation, process control, and diagnosis of plugging events. Other potential applications include evaluation of waste-mixing scenarios, analysis of waste transfer stability, analysis of waste-unplugging alternatives, minimization of water addition, maximization of system availability, evaluation of risk-reduction strategies, and evaluation of cost-reduction strategies.
An Interpersonal Analysis of Adult Attachment Style: Circumplex Descriptions, Recalled Developmental Experiences, Self‐Representations, and Interpersonal Functioning in Adulthood

Previous research suggests that the structure of adult attachment is dimensional, but the specific dimensions remain unclear. Given its relational nature, studies should examine attachment structure in association with conceptually related interpersonal constructs. The interpersonal model (Kiesler, 1996) provides an integrative framework to examine this structure and associations between dimensions of attachment security (i.e., Anxiety and Avoidance) and: 1) the dimensions of the interpersonal circumplex, 2) the five-factor model of personality, 3) recollections of mothers and fathers, and 4) current self-processes and adult social functioning. In two samples of undergraduates, the Anxiety and Avoidance dimensions were associated with a hostile-submissive interpersonal style. Canonical correlation analyses revealed that dimensions representing combinations of Anxiety and Avoidance, and roughly corresponding to the dimensions from Secure (i.e., low Anxiety and Avoidance) to Fearful (i.e., high Anxiety and Avoidance) attachment and from Preoccupied (i.e., high Anxiety and low Avoidance) to Dismissive (i.e., low Anxiety and high Avoidance) attachment related to the interpersonal constructs. The Secure to Fearful dimension (i.e., overall attachment security) seemed to share relatively more variance with the interpersonal constructs. These dimensions were associated with theoretically consistent characteristics, recollections of early experiences with parents, self-representations, and social functioning.
Tracking many vehicles in wide area aerial surveillance

Wide area aerial surveillance data has recently proliferated and increased the demand for multi-object tracking algorithms. However, the limited appearance information on every target creates much ambiguity in tracking and increases the difficulty of removing false target detections. In this work we propose to learn motion patterns in wide area scenes and take advantage of this additional information in tracking to remove false alarm and reduce tracking error. We extend an existing multi-object tracker for wide area imagery by incorporating the motion pattern data as further probabilistic evidence. Scalability is ensured by dividing the imagery into tiles, processing each tile in parallel, and handing off tracks between tiles when necessary. Evaluation on sequences from a real wide area imagery dataset shows this approach outperforms a competing tracker not making use of such data.
Mars Pathfinder "common sense" mission assurance

The Mars Pathfinder Mission Assurance program was the first "tailored" approach at JPL. It featured flexibility, common sense, concurrent engineering, and lower cost. Documentation was cut significantly, MA team members were empowered, a full environmental test program was implemented, selective redundancy was employed, QA was based on processes (not historical points), and the electronic parts program was a mixture of Cassini common buys and Military grades. The MA cost was less than one-third of tradition and the number of problem/failure reports was less than one-quarter normal (at one-third the normal closure cost each). There were no significant deviations from the plan created over three years before launch.
Review of Life Support: Biocapital and the New History of Outsourced Labor (University of Minnesota Press, 2015)

This essay reviews Kalindi Vora’s monograph, Life Support: Biocapital and the New History of Outsourced Labor (University of Minnesota Press, 2015).
Mapping Small Effect Mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Impacts of Experimental Design and Mutational Properties

Genetic variants identified by mapping are biased toward large phenotypic effects because of methodologic challenges for detecting genetic variants with small phenotypic effects. Recently, bulk segregant analysis combined with next-generation sequencing (BSA-seq) was shown to be a powerful and cost-effective way to map small effect variants in natural populations. Here, we examine the power of BSA-seq for efficiently mapping small effect mutations isolated from a mutagenesis screen. Specifically, we determined the impact of segregant population size, intensity of phenotypic selection to collect segregants, number of mitotic generations between meiosis and sequencing, and average sequencing depth on power for mapping mutations with a range of effects on the phenotypic mean and standard deviation as well as relative fitness. We then used BSA-seq to map the mutations responsible for three ethyl methanesulfonate−induced mutant phenotypes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These mutants display small quantitative variation in the mean expression of a fluorescent reporter gene (−3%, +7%, and +10%). Using a genetic background with increased meiosis rate, a reliable mating type marker, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting to efficiently score large segregating populations and isolate cells with extreme phenotypes, we successfully mapped and functionally confirmed a single point mutation responsible for the mutant phenotype in all three cases. Our simulations and experimental data show that the effects of a causative site not only on the mean phenotype, but also on its standard deviation and relative fitness should be considered when mapping genetic variants in microorganisms such as yeast that require population growth steps for BSA-seq.
Employment, Work Conditions, and the Home Environment in Single-Mother Families:

This study investigates the impact of employment status and work conditions on the quality of the home environment provided by single mothers of preschool-age children. Multivariate analyses were conducted using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The results indicate that employment status is not a significant predictor of the quality of the home environment among single mothers of young children when family size and welfare use are controlled. Among single working mothers, several job conditions were related to the quality of the home environment. Single mothers who were employed part-time and in low-wage jobs had significantly poorer home environments. Single mothers who work nonstandard hours generally have poorer home environments, with the exception of rotating shifts. These findings highlight the importance of examining the effects of employment status and job conditions on within-group differences in the quality of the home environment among single-mother families.
Stochastic Refinement of the Visual Hull to Satisfy Photometric and Silhouette Consistency Constraints

An iterative method for reconstructing a 3D polygonalmesh and color texture map from multiple views of an objectis presented. In each iteration, the method first estimates atexture map given the current shape estimate. The texturemap and its associated residual error image are obtainedvia maximum a posteriori estimation and reprojection of themultiple views into texture space. Next, the surface shape isadjusted to minimize residual error in texture space. Thesurface is deformed towards a photometrically-consistentsolution via a series of 1D epipolar searches at randomlyselected surface points. The texture space formulation hasimproved computational complexity over standard image-basederror aproaches, and allows computation of the reprojectionerror and uncertainty for any point on the surface.Moreover, shape adjustments can be constrained suchthat the recovered model's silhouette matches those of theinput images. Experiments with real world imagery demonstratethe validity of the approach.
Whole-Grain Intake and Cereal Fiber Are Associated with Lower Abdominal Adiposity in Older Adults

Foods high in dietary fiber may play an important role in regulating body weight. Few observational studies have examined the relationship between dietary fiber from different sources and body fat in older adults. Our objectives were to examine the associations among grain intake (whole and refined), dietary fiber and fiber sources, and body fat among older adults. We used data from 434 free-living adults (177 men and 257 women) aged between 60 and 80 y. Dietary intake was estimated from a 126-item semiquantitative FFQ. Percent body fat and percent trunk fat mass were measured by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. After adjustment for covariates, whole-grain intake was inversely associated with BMI [26.8 kg/m(2) (25.7-28.1) vs. 25.8 kg/m(2) (24.6-27.1), (95% CI); P-trend = 0.08], percent body fat [34.5% (32.7-36.3) vs. 32.1% (30.1-34.1); P-trend = 0.02], and percent trunk fat mass [43.0% (40.4-45.5) vs. 39.4% (36.7-42.1); P-trend = 0.02] in the lowest compared with the highest quartile category of whole-grain intake. Refined grain intake was not associated with any measure of body fat distribution. Cereal fiber was inversely associated with BMI [27.3 kg/m(2) (26.1-28.6) vs. 25.4 kg/m(2) (24.3-26.7); P-trend = 0.012], percent body fat [34.7% (32.8-36.6) vs. 31.5% (29.4-33.5); P-trend = 0.004], and percent trunk fat mass [42.8% (40.2-45.4) vs. 37.8% (35.0-40.6); P-trend = 0.001]. No significant association was observed between intakes of total fiber, vegetable or fruit fiber, and body composition measurements. Higher intakes of cereal fiber, particularly from whole-grain sources, are associated with lower total percent body fat and percent trunk fat mass in older adults.
Universal FIR MMSE Filtering

We consider the problem of causal estimation, i.e., filtering, of a real-valued signal corrupted by zero mean, time-independent, real-valued additive noise, under the mean-squared error (MSE) criterion. We build a universal filter whose per-symbol squared error, for every bounded underlying signal, is essentially as small as that of the best finite-duration impulse response (FIR) filter of a given order. We do not assume a stochastic mechanism generating the underlying signal, and assume only that the variance of the noise is known to the filter. The regret of the expected MSE of our scheme is shown to decay as O(logn/n), where n is the length of the signal. Moreover, we present a stronger concentration result which guarantees the performance of our scheme not only in expectation, but also with high probability. Our result implies a conventional stochastic setting result, i.e., when the underlying signal is a stationary process, our filter achieves the performance of the optimal FIR filter. We back our theoretical findings with several experiments showcasing the potential merits of our universal filter in practice. Our analysis combines tools from the problems of universal filtering and competitive online regression.
Interdependency of cystathione γ-lyase and cystathione β-synthase in hydrogen sulfide-induced blood pressure regulation in rats.

Background Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous vasoactive agent, is produced by cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) enzymes. This study was conducted to evaluate the relative contribution of these enzymes in regulating systemic arterial pressure.
Gender Differences in Aspirin use Among Adults With Coronary Heart Disease in the United States

Aspirin reduces mortality for men and women with coronary heart disease (CHD). Previous research suggests women with acute coronary syndromes receive less aggressive care, including less frequent early administration of aspirin. The presence of gender differences in aspirin use for secondary prevention is less clear. To determine if a gender difference exists in the use of aspirin for secondary prevention among individuals with CHD. We analyzed data from the nationally representative 2000–2002 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys to determine the prevalence of regular aspirin use among men and women with CHD. Participants, 1,869, 40 years and older who reported CHD or prior myocardial infarction. Women were less likely than men to use aspirin regularly (62.4% vs 75.6%, p < .001) even after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic and clinical characteristics (adjusted OR = 0.62, 95% CI, 0.48–0.79). This difference narrowed but remained significant when the analysis was limited to those without self-reported contraindications to aspirin (79.8% vs 86.4%, P = .002, adjusted OR = 0.68, 95% CI, 0.48–0.97). Women were more likely than men to report contraindications (20.5% vs 12.5%, P < .001). Differences in aspirin use were greater between women and men with private health insurance (61.8% vs 79.0%, P < .001, adjusted OR = 0.48, 95% CI, 0.35–0.67) than among those with public coverage (62.5% vs 70.7%, P = .04, adjusted OR = 0.74, 95% CI, 0.50–1.11) (P < .001 for gender–insurance interaction). We found a gender difference in aspirin use among patients with CHD not fully explained by differences in patient characteristics or reported contraindications. These findings suggest a need for improved secondary prevention of cardiovascular events for women with CHD.
Partially Cooperative MIMO Channels with Scaled Identity Transmit Covariance

Recently, there has been a great deal of interest on the performance of MIMO wireless systems as the MIMO fading channel offers an increase in capacity and reliability over that of a SISO channel. When channel state information is not known at the transmitter, the level of performance obtained depends on the degree of cooperation between the transmit antennas. With no cooperation between the antennas, horizontally coded spatial multiplexing is diversity suboptimal since each message bit is encoded and transmitted by only one antenna. An optimal scheme, on the other hand, codes message bits across all transmit antennas. This work generalizes and quantifies the level of cooperation between transmit antennas with the cooperation parameter R c and then finds upper and lower bounds for the achievable data rates for such a system using a scaled identity transmit covariance matrix. These bounds are found to be tight for certain values of Rc and the data rate Rt. Finally, these bounds are useful in computing the outage probability and diversity order of partially cooperative MIMO systems when channel state information is not known at the transmitter
Evaluation of the lymphocyte trafficking drug FTY720 in SHIVSF162P3-infected rhesus macaques

Objectives: FTY720 causes retention of lymphocytes in lymphatic tissues. Previous studies revealed that FTY720 can decrease or eliminate chronic viral infections of mice. We address here whether therapeutic use of FTY720 in simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-infected rhesus macaques could also decrease viraemia. Methods: FTY720 was administered intravenously to three SHIV SF162P3 -infected macaques at 39, 7 or 6 weeks of infection; three control macaques (47, 48 or 6 weeks of infection) did not receive drug. FTY720 was given at 0.004 mg/kg on days 0, 1, 2, 14, 15 and 16, followed by 0.1 mg/kg on days 28, 29, 30, 42, 43 and 44. Blood was collected seven times throughout and four times during 47 days of follow-up. Results: Only the 0.1 mg/kg dose resulted in a reduction in mean blood CD4+ T cells and B cells (to 33% and 27% of pre-drug levels, P=0.0024 and 0.003, respectively). FTY720 treatment did not lead to significant deviations from the natural pattern of viral control. Plasma viraemia progressed from a range of 10 4 -10 2 copies/mL before treatment to 104-temporarily undetectable levels on the last day of treatment. SHIV SF162P3 was not eliminated, however, as plasma viraemia and proviral DNA persisted during the follow-up. No significant alterations in T cell activity were noted throughout the drug course. Conclusions: FTY720 administration had no detectable therapeutic effect at the doses and schedules outlined here, although blood CD4+ T cells and B cells were effectively reduced. Future work might reveal whether FTY720 could be beneficial in more pathogenic SHIV, simian immunodeficiency virus or HIV infections.
The Early Post-Stalin Succession Struggle and Upheavals in East Central Europe: Internal-External Linkages in Soviet Policy Making (Part 3)

Part 2 of this three-part article discusses the aftermath of the June 1953 East German uprising, particularly the arrest on 26 June of Lavrentii Beria, who until then had been one of the most powerful figures in Moscow. Beria's arrest came not because of any high-level disagreements about policy, but simply because Beria's rivals wanted to remove him from the post-Stalin succession struggle. Newly released documents shed valuable light on the plot against Beria, which was intricate and extremely risky, yet ultimately successful.
Anxiety Disorders in Long-Term Survivors of Adult Cancers

Background Little is known about the prevalence of anxiety disorders among long-term survivors of adult cancers. Using data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), we compared rates of anxiety disorders between long-term cancer survivors and individuals without a history of cancer. Methods A nationally representative sample of 9282 adults participated in a household survey to assess the prevalence of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders, a subset of whom also answered questions about medical comorbidities, including cancer. Long-term survivors were defined as those who received an adult cancer diagnosis at least 5 years before the survey. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between cancer history and anxiety disorders in the past year. Results The NCS-R sample consisted of 225 long-term cancer survivors and 5337 people without a history of cancer. Controlling for socio-demographic variables, long-term cancer survivors were more likely to have an anxiety disorder (odds ratio [OR]: 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–2.13), including specific phobia (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.06–2.44) and medical phobia (OR: 3.45, 95% CI: 1.15–10.0), during the past 12 months compared with those without cancer histories. Rates for social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, and agoraphobia were not significantly different between groups. Conclusion Long-term survivors of adult cancers were more likely to have an anxiety disorder diagnosis, namely specific phobia, in the past 12 months compared with the general public. Further longitudinal study is needed to clarify the timing and course of anxiety relative to the cancer diagnosis.
CD47 Signaling Regulates the Immunosuppressive Activity of VEGF in T Cells

Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) inhibits angiogenesis, in part, by interacting with the ubiquitous cell-surface receptor CD47. In endothelial cells, CD47 interacts directly with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2, and TSP1 inhibits VEGFR2 phosphorylation and signaling by disrupting this association. We show that CD47 similarly associates with and regulates VEGFR2 in T cells. TSP1 inhibits phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and its downstream target Src in wild type but not in CD47-deficient human Jurkat and primary murine T cells. VEGFR2 signaling inhibits proliferation and TCR signaling in wild type T cells. However, ligation of CD47 by TSP1 or loss of CD47 expression reverses some inhibitory effects of VEGF on proliferation and T cell activation. We further found that VEGF and VEGFR2 expression are upregulated in CD47-deficient murine CD4(+) and human Jurkat T cells, and the resulting autocrine VEGFR2 signaling enhances proliferation and some TCR responses in the absence of CD47. Thus, CD47 signaling modulates the ability of VEGF to regulate proliferation and TCR signaling, and autocrine production of VEGF by T cells contributes to this regulation. This provides a mechanism to understand the context-dependent effects of TSP1 and VEGF on T cell activation, and reveals an important role for CD47 signaling in regulating T cell production of the major angiogenic factor VEGF.
Activist Participatory Research Among the Maya of Guatemala: Constructing Meanings from Situated Knowledge

In this article, I analyze two separate experiences with the Maya in rural communities within Guatemala and discuss strengths and limitations of Participatory Action Research (PAR) within this context. These experiences are the context in and from which I explore my “situated otherness” within a praxis of solidarity and question dominant theoretical models for conceptualizing and responding to the effects of war on children. Further, I explore, with my Maya colleagues, alternative methodologies (including PAR) for “standing under” these realities from this position of “other.” I conclude the essay with a brief discussion of selected criteria that contribute to evaluating participatory strategies in PAR and a summary of current efforts to extend this praxis from situations of ongoing violence in Guatemala to more local sites, e.g., Boston, Massachusetts.
Meta-Creativity: Being Creative About Creativity

The concept of meta-creativity is defined and explored, with examples drawn from the long and productive career of Arthur Cropley. Meta-creativity may sound like jargon, but then again, given how meta is used in the sciences (e.g., meta-analysis, meta-cognition), it is a perfectly apt term. It is the best label for being creative about the creativity research. Cropley's research has demonstrated the benefits of questioning assumptions, which may in fact be the most broadly-applicable example of meta-creativity. Questioning assumptions is a tactic that has been found to characterize a large number of creative insights and is undoubtedly useful for solving a wide range of problems. Shifting perspectives is a second example of meta-creativity explored herein. The field of creativity research owes a great deal to Arthur Cropley and the creativity he has employed throughout his career.
Advances in the treatment of von Willebrand disease.

Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most commonly inherited bleeding disorder, caused by inheritance of a quantitative or qualitative abnormality of von Willebrand factor (VWF). While the majority of patients with VWD are successfully treated with adjunctive therapies or with the synthetic vasopressin analog desmopressin acetate (DDAVP), a subset of patients requires replacement therapy. In the past, cryoprecipitate was the mainstay of therapy; however, it was associated with seroconversion to hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in treated individuals. With the advent of virucidal methodology and, more recently, nucleic acid testing (NAT) of plasma fractions, the plasma-derived concentrates containing VWF are now considered the therapeutic standard of care.
Rater and Ratee Sex Effects on Performance Evaluations in a Field Setting: A Multivariate Analysis

The following study investigates the separate and combined effects of rater sex and ratee sex on performance evaluations. A 2 x 2 multivariate analysis of variance was performed to ascertain the effects of rater and ratee sex on seven performance appraisal measures. Results indicate the female raters provided higher ratings than did male raters, and female ratees received higher ratings than did male ratees. There was no interaction of rater and ratee sex. The findings are discussed within the context of the gender contrast effect where women are overvalued relative to men.
Attachment as a source of informal social control in urban neighborhoods

Studies had suggested that informal social control is key to understanding neighborhood crime rates. Yet little is known about sources of informal social control in urban neighborhoods, and less is known about the role of neighborhood attachment in fostering informal social control. To fill this gap, this study addressed three questions: (1) Does neighborhood attachment, operationalized as a multidimensional construct, contribute to neighborhood levels of informal social control? (2) Does neighborhood attachment help explain the lower levels of informal social control typically observed in structurally disadvantaged neighborhoods? (3) If so, what dimensions of neighborhood attachment are most important and how? Using multilevel data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) results indicated that systemic ties and attitudinal attachment were positively associated with neighborhood levels of informal social control, and that these dimensions of neighborhood attachment explained some of the associations between neighborhood structural conditions and informal social control.
The effect of body mechanics instruction on work performance among young workers.

Thirty young workers (aged 14 to 19 years) em­ ployed as groundskeepers and custodians were ran­ domly assigned to two groups; one group received body mechanics instruction and the other did not. The instruction focused on proper spinal alignment in the work environment. Instruction on low back pain began with one classroom session before the subjects'first day of work and continued during employment with two on-site sessions. The effect of instruction was evaluated through the observation ofbody mechanics during actual work perfor­ mance. The results ofthe study indicate that the group that received instruction performed signifi­ cantly better than the control group. This paper also discusses the occupational therapist's role in provid­ ing job-specific body mechanics instruction in the work environment as a primary method ofprevent­ ing low back pain.
Phylogenetic Study of the Genus Piptadenia (Mimosoideae: Leguminosae) Using Plastid Trnl-f and Trnk/Matk Sequence Data

We undertook a phylogenetic study of the genus Piptadenia with a sample of 18 of ca. 27 recognized species using DNA sequences from the plastid trnL-F and trnK/matK regions. Parsimony jackknife results support the hypothesis that Piptadenia is polyphyletic and that there are three independent lineages. The largest groups of species form a monophyletic lineage that is sister to Mimosa and corresponds closely to Piptadenia section Piptadenia sensu Barneby. Three species (P. obliqua, P. moniliformis, and P. leucoxylon) of section Pityrocarpa are sister to species of Pseudopiptadenia in a lineage with Parapiptadenia, Microlobius and Stryphnodendron. Piptadenia viridiflora is distantly related to sects. Piptadenia and Pityrocarpa. Section Piptadenia is characterized by the presence of prickles (aculei), a potential synapomorphy linking it to Mimosa, and exserted, racemose or paniculiform inflorescences of aggregated spikes. Piptadenia viridiflora has stipular spines and 1-2 axillary, spicate primary inflorescences. Species of sect. Pityrocarpa are unarmed trees (sometimes with hardened, persistent stipules) whose flowers have recurved petals and an ovary on a long gynophore. We recommend that Piptadenia viridiflora be removed to a new genus, and that Piptadenia be restricted to the other species of sect. Piptadenia. We resurrect the generic name Pityrocarpa to encompass the Pityrocarpa clade and make the following new combinations: Pityrocarpa moniliformis, Pityrocarpa obliqua ssp. brasiliensis, and Pityrocarpa leucoxylon.
High Frequency Equity Performance Attribution

Performance Attribution is well established in low frequency equity management as a way to assign the portions of a fund’s return to the distinct decisions the asset manager makes in attempting to achieve this performance. This article extends this idea to provide a workable framework for high frequency equity asset management. Such a framework must include many features that are not present in the low frequency framework. The ability to accurately determine where in the implementation process a high frequency strategy achieved its returns should be of interest to the trader, the funding partner, and the risk manager.
Ipertensione arteriosa polmonare: stima della casistica italiana e considerazioni sull’impatto sul budget dell’introduzione di tadalafil

This contribution is an attempt to estimate a range of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) prevalence in Italy using international literature and Italian drug market sales data and to evaluate the budget impact of the introduction of tadalafil among the actual drugs with specific indication for this pathology. The final epidemiological figure obtained shows a wide range of prevalence of PAH in Italy (900-3,000 cases). The introduction of tadalafil as PAH treatment should not cause a cost increase for the pharmaceutical budget considering that this new therapy will occupy essentially the patient segment actually treated with sildenafil and that it reduces, in a significant number of patients, the daily cost of PAH therapy through a stable, fixed dose, administration.
Slavery, Women's Rights, and the Beginnings of Feminist Biblical Interpretation in the Nineteenth Century

Progressive movements create social changes that reach far beyond their original contexts. Such movements challenge authoritative texts and interpretations in the culture, generate alternative understandings of authoritative works that may be applied to other struggles, create a social arena for the dissemination of ideas, create patterns of thought that may be re-constituted in other forms, and may leave intact some related social problems. The abolitionist movement demanded a confrontation with slavery in the Bible and the development of non-literal exegesis. It also provided a conduit for the new methods of European biblical scholarship, particularly through the preaching and writings of abolitionist Theodore Parker. Three nineteenth-century women, Sarah Grimke, Frances Willard, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, in spite of differences in their biographies and religious commitments, shared similar methods of interpreting the Bible to argue for women’s rights. This article argues that habits of interpretation and knowledge of emerging historical-critical scholarship that these women learned in the abolition movement carried over into their fight for women’s rights. Like many nineteenth-century Christians, they subscribed to a belief in progressive revelation, occasional Orientalism, and a sometime negative evaluation of Judaism. Yet they show a remarkable anticipation of contemporary feminist biblical scholarship in their understandings of the effect of culture on interpretation, their view of gender as socially constructed, and their descriptions of God and Jesus as both male and female.
The binding of calcium to phospholipid-protein complexes.

SummaryThe ability of protamine, lysozyme, and bovine serum albumin to compete for calcium binding sites on acidic phospholipids provides a method for quantitative studies of the electrostatic interactions of proteins with phospholipids. The results demonstrate the reversible, stoichiometric binding of proteins with phospholipids. Crude cephalin binds arginine but not glycine, leucine, or phenylalanine. The data suggest a strong electrostatic interaction between negatively charged phospholipids and positively charged proteins and indicate that electrostatic bonding may occur in lipoproteins.
Studies on Heavy Metal Poisoning II. Sodium Citrate Therapy Effective 67 Hours After Uranium Injury.

SummaryNineteen of 20 adult dogs survived a lethal dose of uranium nitrate (5.0 mg/kg) when large doses of sodium citrate (0.23 g/kg/day for 5-10 days) were injected intravenously. The citrate inje...
Stratigraphic occurrence, paleoenvironment, and description of the oldest known dinosaur (Late Jurassic) from Mongolia

Dinosaur fossils found in July, 1995, near Dariv, western Mongolia, represent the first dinosaurs of Jurassic age described from Mongolia. The fossils derive from at least three types of dinosaurs, and include the right foot of a sauropod tentatively identified as Mamenchisaurus sp. The dinosaur fossils occur in Upper Jurassic floodplain deposits that accumulated in a seasonally wet, collisional foreland basin just prior to an episode of uplift of the ancestral Altai Range in latest Jurassic time.
Analysis on eyesight surveillance among pupils,Longkou city,2012-2013

Objective To understand the eyesight condition among pupils in Longkou city,so as to provide scientific basis for vision care in primary schools. Methods Stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select four suburban schools and two urban schools in Longkou city as study objects. Results The low vision detection rate was 41.07%among the pupils;with the rising grades,it showed a gradual increase in the degree of low vision(P 0.01);girls' situation(43.48%)was worse than boys'(38.93%)(P 0.01);the situation of kids in urban schools(44.77%)were worse than kids in rural schools(34.22%)(P 0.01).Poor vision composition ratio had statistical significance between urban school pupils and rural school pupils(P 0.05). Conclusion Priority prevention and control objects for the low vision are urban,high-grade and female primary school pupils.
Analysis of 2 cases of severe SLE complicated by peritonitis treated with dexamethasone pulse therapy

This article reports 2 cases of severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated by peritonitis after the dexamethasone pulse therapy. Patient 1 was misdiagnosed as secondary peritonitis and died of multiple organ failure (MOF) after laparotomy. The condition of patient 2 improved after treating with antibiotics, glucocorticoid and anticoagulation. The possibility of primary peritonitis increases in SLE patients especially with ascites and hypoproteinemia after glucocorticoid pulse therapy. The treatment of primary peritonitis should be conservative.