cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An analysis of intersonic crack growth under shear loading

Crack growth in a homogeneous elastic solid under impact shear loading conditions is analyzed numerically, with the crack constrained to grow along a weak plane directly ahead of the initial crack tip. The configuration analyzed is a plane-strain model of that used in the experiments of Rosakis et al. (1999). A cohesive surface constitutive relation is specified along the weak plane that relates the tractions and displacement jumps across it and that allows for the creation of new free surface. The resistance to crack initiation and the crack speed history are predicted without invoking any additional failure criterion. The effect of cohesive strength and impact pulse time on the response is explored. In a certain parameter regime, the calculations reproduce, at least qualitatively, the type of crack speed histories seen in the experiments. For other parameter values, an abrupt transition from crack growth at the Rayleigh wave speed to a value above √2 times the shear wave speed is seen. This transition involves microcrack nucleation ahead of the main crack. At intersonic crack speeds, shock-like gradients in the near-tip stress field are found as seen in the experiments.
Microlymphocyte transformation (MLT) determinations of peripheral blood and marrow aspirates from children with acute lymphocytic leukemia

Utilizing an 0.1 cc whole blood in vitro microlymphocyte tranformation technique (MLT) previously described (Mumford, Fed. Proc. 29: 369, 1970), human peripheral blood white cells from acute lymphocytic leukemic (ALL) patients have been tested for immune responsiveness (triplicate runs) in 30 children during various stages and treatement of their disease. A mitogen (PHA) and selected common specific antigens were employed. concurrent MLT runs (duplicate) on bone marrow aspirates taken at the same time were performed. While some MLT kinetics differ slightly from “macro” lymphocyte transformation studies (esp. optimum day of harvest), sensitivity approximates the “macro” test. Responses were considered positive when the ratio of positive stimulted cultures were greater than twice the control values. Peripheral blood responses were generally consistent with previous ““macro” lymphocyte reports for similar leukemic patients. However, 12 of 30 patients marrows were nonresponsive to PHA on at least one occasion, and only 6 leukemic marrows were positive to the antigen battery—each only to a single antigen. some immune and clinical correlates of these studies will be discussed.
Comparison of cephaloridine renal accumulation and urinary excretion between normoglycemic and diabetic animals.

The renal toxicity of cephaloridine is reduced in a streptozotocin diabetic rat model. This study tested the hypothesis that renal cortical cephaloridine accumulation was diminished in diabetic rats. The following studies also investigated whether renal excretion was enhanced in diabetic rats. Male Fischer 344 rats were randomly divided into normoglycemic or diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by injection (intraperitoneal, i.p.) of 35 mg/kg streptozotocin. Normoglycemic and diabetic rats were injected (i.p.) with 1500 mg/kg cephaloridine. Peak plasma cephaloridine levels were similar in both groups. Renal cortical accumulation was diminished (P < 0.05) in the diabetic group 1 and 4 h after cephaloridine injection. Urinary cephaloridine excretion was enhanced (P < 0.05) in the diabetic group relative to the normoglycemic animals during the first 4 h after cephaloridine injection. Comparisons between normoglycemic and diabetic groups indicated renal cortical cephaloridine accumulation was lower in the diabetic group. These findings would support the hypothesis that reduced cephaloridine toxicity in diabetic animals was due to reduced renal cortical accumulation of the toxin. These data also demonstrate that cephaloridine excretion was enhanced in the diabetic group and may contribute to the diminished renal accumulation.
Geo-acoustic inversion of marine sediments using vector sensor measurements

In this paper, a narrow-band geo-acoustic inversion scheme based on the acoustic vector field is presented. Measurements of acoustic particle velocity made with a vector sensor and short line array of hydrophones are studied with regards to the interference pattern generated by single 1–4 kHz source. This source was lowered from a research vessel positioned within three water depths (depth 20-m) of the receivers, and projected a series of 100-ms long continuous wave (cw) pulses as it was raised toward the surface. The interference pattern measured at the receivers is assessed by a non-dimensional property of the acoustic particle velocity, the degree of circularity [Dall’Osto and Dahl, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 134, 109 (2013)], computed directly at the vector sensor and approximated along the line-array. This degree of circularity is highly sensitive to the phase of interfering multipaths, which depends on both the source-receiver geometry and the geo-acoustic properties of sea-bed. Source positions measured by GPS and depth sensors are used to model the time-dependent particle velocity field as the cw tone establishes a steady-state response. A best-fit model to the field data provides an estimate of the geo-acoustic properties of the sandy sediment at the experimental site.
Optimizing Physician Processing Rates with Priority Queues

The typical family physician, or specialist, sees patients on a scheduled basis for physical exams, chronic care management, or a pre-determined follow-up. They also handle 'emergency priority' visits by their patients - handling unexpected clinical conditions such as flu, rapid blood pressure increase, or a sudden allergic reaction to a maintenance drug. This happens as the patients prefer care continuity and expect their regular physician to handle their urgent cases as well. We study the impact of having physicians handle these two kinds of patients' visits at the same office and the impact of patients' behavior on the physicians' capacity and service level for patients. We show that mixing 'emergency priority' cases with regularly scheduled visits causes longer waiting times for the regular patients, and it reduces their overall satisfaction. We investigate how a physician can control this behavior by optimally using his levers of care -- price and service rate.
Risk of comorbidities and outcomes in patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding - a nationwide study.

Background The impact of comorbidities on outcomes of patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) remains unknown.
Ultrastructural Immunolabeling: A General Overview of Techniques and Applications

Ultrastructural immunolabeling techniques combine the advantages of routine electron microscopy and detection of antigenic epitopes, the latter of which is customarily done by immunocytochemistry at the light microscopic level. In surgical pathology, immunocytochemistry has become routine to approach the differential diagnosis of difficult cases. Immunoelectron microscopy has been used primarily for research purposes or for addressing specific questions in diagnostic pathology. Ultrastructural immunolabeling is extremely useful in those instances in which the ultrastructural and immunocytochemical findings are not pathognomonic and are subject to interpretation. Preembedding and postembedding labeling techniques have been described in the literature. Preembedding techniques are not as applicable to diagnostic work, however. Their use remains rather limited to applications in which the antigen to be labeled cannot maintain its viability when exposed to fixatives. Even in such cases a new methodology--the LifeCell process--has emerged; this technique cryofixes tissues, thereby maintaining antigenic integrity. After cryofixation, a postembedding labeling technique can be utilized. Immunogold and peroxidase methods are used for labeling. Immunogold methods elegantly mark reaction sites with preservation of underlying morphology. Postembedding immunogold methods are used by most individuals working in the field. Ultrastructural labeling techniques are rapidly moving from classification as exclusively research tools to the diagnostic arena.
Modeling crystallographic texture evolution with finite elements over neo-Eulerian orientation spaces

A novel methodology is presented for the modeling of crystallographic texture based on the application of finite elements to represent and compute the orientation distribution function (ODF) over explicit discretizations of orientation space. Various orientation spaces are examined for this purpose. The neo-Eulerian axis angle spaces of Frank are preferred over the conventional Euler angle spaces for their superior properties. Properties of the neo-Eulerian spaces required by the modeling are derived. These include the reduction of the spaces under crystal symmetries to fundamental regions, the consequent boundary symmetry relationships, and the various Riemannian metrical properties of the spaces. The structure of crystal flow generated under the uniaxial extension of FCC crystals is examined over the cubic fundamental region of Rodrigues' space. Stabilized finite element schemes for the ODF conservation equation, developed previously for the texturing of planar polycrystals, are extended to the three-dimensional texturing considered. Properties of the schemes are illustrated by application to the texturing of FCC polycrystals over Rodrigues' space.
Effect of surface states on the amphoteric behavior of Sn in vapor epitaxial GaAs

Abstract The amphoteric behavior of Sn, a commonly-used dopant in AsCl3GaH2 vapor epitaxy, is examined for Sn concentration from 5 × 1014 to 5 × 1017cm−3. The compensation ratio ( N A N D ) remains constant at 0.23 for low concentrations and begins to increase in the 1016cm−3 range. This behavior can be explained quantitatively with non-equilibrium impurity incorporation model which takes into account 3 × 1011 cm−2 surface states.
A microcosm for measuring survival and conjugation of genetically engineered bacteria in rhizosphere environments

A microcosm is described to evaluate and measure bacterial conjugation in the rhizosphere of barley and radish with strains ofPseudomonas cepacia. The purpose was to describe a standard method useful for evaluating the propensity of genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) to transfer DNA to recipient bacteria. Results demonstrated the formation of transconjugants from the rhizosphere of each plant 24 h after inoculation. Transconjugant populations peaked at 1.8 × 102 colony forming units (CFU)/g root and associated soil in barley and 2.0×102 CFU/g root and associated soil in radish; they then declined over the next five days of the experiment. No significant differences were found in the survival of transconjugant populations monitored from the two plant species. The microcosm was also used to document the formation of false positive transconjugants, which resulted from donor and recipientP. cepacia mating on the surface of selective agar plates instead of in microcosms. Transconjugants resulting from such plate mating occurred in substantial numbers during the first 5 days of the experiment but declined to undetectable numbers by day 7. The use of nalidixic acid was investigated to determine the magnitude of plate mating. The number of transconjugants detected from radish rhizosphere was reduced by two orders of magnitude by including nalidixic acid in the plating medium; this indicated that 99% of the transconjugants were a result of plate mating.
Effects of prior experience on differential learning under amphetamine.

Differential learning of operant behavior under non-drug and amphetamine states was explained with a “drug-behavior-reinforcement interaction” process. When a drug affects the relationship between ongoing behavior and existing reinforcement contingencies, the sets of behavioral patterns subjected to the process of reinforcement or non-reinforcement under a drug may differ from the patterns under non-drug conditions. If, following sufficient training, the drug conditions are then changed, persistence of these behavioral patterns may result in a difference from those patterns produced if acquisition occurs solely under non-drug conditions. To investigate this process, groups of rats were given varying amounts of non-drug acquisition training on a response-duration differentiation task before being given extended training under 0.75 mg/kg d-amphetamine. All groups were then tested under non-drug conditions. Amphetamine significantly enhanced performance, and this enhancement transferred to subsequent non-drug conditions. However, if non-drug training occurred before drug training, this enhancement was greatly attenuated. Furthermore, only those behavioral components under which amphetamine led to an increase in reinforcement rate showed enhancement in the non-drug state. The results, which supported the present position, were discussed in relation to a “stimulus generalization decrement” explanation of differential learning under amphetamine.
Peer Victimization Among Urban, Predominantly African American Youth: Coping With Relational Aggression Between Friends

Although there is a growing body of research documenting the deleterious effect of experiencing relational aggression, few studies have explored how children cope with relational aggression, especially when it occurs between close friends. Moreover, relational aggression is understudied among urban African American children. Using data from a sample of 126 urban, low-income predominantly African American children we examined children's beliefs concerning relational aggression and their use of coping strategies when faced with relational aggression in their close friendships. Findings suggested that relational aggression was perceived to be prevalent and harmful by both the boys and the girls. Both boys and girls reported they would use ruminative/avoidance coping strategies when experiencing relational aggression in a close friendship. Implications for future research and the development of gender-sensitive prevention programs are discussed.
The quadrilateral analysis: An individualized skeletal assessment

There must be a change in our approach to orthodontic diagnosis, especially in those cases involving skeletal dysplasias. The orthodontic practice of today requires a more in-depth diagnostic approach before a realistic treatment plan can be developed. An understanding of the problem that exists is emerging as the essential ingredient before appliance therapy can begin. Diagnosis should dictate the direction of treatment for both the orthodontist and the surgeon. A cephalometric analysis should be able not only to detect but to locate the area of the skeletal dysplasia. Surgery, if at all possible, should be performed where the problem exists. In many cases, it becomes rather confusing to determine whether or not surgical orthodontic treatment is indicated, because most of the cephalometric measurements that are used do not reveal whether a skeletal problem exists, its location, or its magnitude. We believe that current cephalometric analyses do not completely recognize the extent of the dysplasia or where it is located within the jaws. Because of this, surgery is performed by repositioning bones to mask the defect rather than to restore a normal balance between the bones of the face. The only recourse the surgeon has is to achieve an acceptable facial profile by relying on cephalometric norms or to make the necessary correction on what appears visually to be an acceptable profile. The quadrilateral analysis offers an individualized cephalometric diagnosis on patients with or without skeletal dysplasias. We believe that it is a reliable and accurate method of assessing whether orthodontic treatment, surgical treatment, or a combination of both is required to achieve a satisfactory result.
Heat Transfer Efficiency of Range Units

Surface units of electric ranges have various efficiencies of heat transfer according to the design of the unit. Results of a study made with bright- and black-bottomed utensils are reported in this prize-winning student paper.
Freestyle valve experience: technical considerations and mid-term results.

Background: Many studies have demonstrated the superior hernodynamics of stentless porcine aortic valves compared to stented valves. This article describes the operative techniques and reviews our 5-year experience with the Medtronic Freestyle stentless valve. Methods: Between January 1993 and November 1997, 95 patients underwent implantation of the Medtronic Freestyle valve at a mean age of 76 years. All patients were seen at 6 months, 1 year, and annually thereafter for clinical assessment and Doppler echocardiography. Results: There were three operative and ten late deaths (two cardiac and eight noncardiac). Three strokes and four transient ischemic attacks occurred in the follow-up period. Four patients had bacteremia that was treated successfully with antibiotics. No patient required reoperation for valve-related problems. Serial echocardiograms revealed a decrease in mean systolic gradients across the valve during the first year and an increase in effective orifice areas. Ninety-one percent of patients had no, or trace, aortic insufficiency at the time of discharge and this has not increased over time. Conclusion: The Medtronic Freestyle valve has excellent hemodynamics and good clinical results. In our experience, no patient has required reoperation in a 5-year follow-up.
IL-10 inhibits inflammation but does not affect fibrosis in the pulmonary response to bleomycin.

Bleomycin yields pulmonary injury characterized by inflammation that proceeds to fibrosis. The production of IL-10 by pulmonary macrophages is increased in the inflammation that accompanies bleomycin lung injury. In the present study, IL-10 deficient and wildtype mice received 0.075 units of bleomycin intratracheally at day 0 and were sacrificed at day 7 or day 14. At day 7, pulmonary inflammation was increased in IL-10-deficient mice as reflected by increased representation of CD3+ and CD4+ lymphocytes and GR-1+ pulmonary granulocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Pulmonary interstitial CD80+ and CD86+ mononuclear cells were increased in situ. At day 14, mononuclear cell inflammation was comparable between groups but pulmonary eosinophils were increased in the wildtype. There was no difference in the degree of pulmonary fibrosis, as judged by histology or lung hydroxyproline content. Lung chemokine expression of MIP-1α/β, MIP-2, and eotaxin was increased at days 7 and 14 with a trend towards increased MCP-1 expression at day 14. The findings suggest an immunomodulatory role for IL-10 in the inflammatory response but not in the pulmonary fibrosis yielded by bleomycin.
High-resolution picosecond acoustic microscopy for non-invasive characterization of buried interfaces

Non-destructive investigation of buried interfaces at high-resolution is critical for integrated circuit and advanced packaging research and development. In this letter, we present a novel non-contact microscopy technique using ultrahigh frequency (GHz range) longitudinal acoustic pulses to form images of interfaces and layers buried deep inside a silicon device. This method overcomes fundamental limitations of conventional scanning acoustic microscopy by directly generating and detecting the acoustic waves on the surface of the sample using an ultrafast pump-probe optical technique. We demonstrate our method by imaging copper lines buried beneath a 6-μm silicon wafer; the lateral spatial resolution of 3 μm is limited by the laser spot size. In addition to the high lateral spatial resolution, the technique has picosecond (ps) time resolution and therefore will enable imaging individual interconnect layers in multi-layer stacked devices.
Optical Extraction from the Chemical Oxygen-Iodine Laser Medium

A model for the loaded gain of a flowing chemical oxygen-iodine laser is described. The model, a generalization of that of Zagidullin et al., includes pumping of the upper laser level by O2(1(Delta) ), deactivation by water and energy pooling with O2(1(Delta) ). stimulated emission, and hyperfine and velocity cross-relaxation of the iodine atoms. The dependence of the optical saturation of the medium on Doppler- and collision-broadening, pumping, quenching, and hyperfine and velocity cross-relaxation is discussed. A simple, single-mode optical extraction model, in which the average flux loading the medium is assumed constant and the mode-averaged loaded gain is saturated to the threshold gain of the resonator, is described. This extraction model, together with the gain model, is used to parametrically examine the dependence and efficiency of optical extraction upon COIL medium conditions. The sensitivity of the loaded gain and extraction efficiency to the uncertainty in the magnitude of the velocity cross-relaxation rates is examined and the implications when interpretating experimental data and scaling from low to high power operation are briefly discussed.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Recent Cohorts Lead Rejection of Sex Typing.

In samples of the Detroit metropolitan population, four items indicating rejection of sex typing of children's household chores were negatively related to birth year of respondent in 1953, but positively related in 1971 and 1976: Older women were more likely to reject sex typing in 1953, but less likely to do so than younger women in 1971 and 1976. The regression was stronger for three items in 1976 than in 1971, while there was no change for the fourth. But associations between pairs of items in 1971 and 1976 were negatively related or unrelated to birth year. The explanation of these changes as an immediate and direct result of the women's movement is, therefore, discounted. The pattern of changes is congruent with assumptions in a model suggested by Carlsson and Karlsson (1979), which predicts oscillations in aggregate behavior with a period about a generation in length.
Multi-task learning in deep neural networks for improved phoneme recognition

In this paper we demonstrate how to improve the performance of deep neural network (DNN) acoustic models using multi-task learning. In multi-task learning, the network is trained to perform both the primary classification task and one or more secondary tasks using a shared representation. The additional model parameters associated with the secondary tasks represent a very small increase in the number of trained parameters, and can be discarded at runtime. In this paper, we explore three natural choices for the secondary task: the phone label, the phone context, and the state context. We demonstrate that, even on a strong baseline, multi-task learning can provide a significant decrease in error rate. Using phone context, the phonetic error rate (PER) on TIMIT is reduced from 21.63% to 20.25% on the core test set, and surpassing the best performance in the literature for a DNN that uses a standard feed-forward network architecture.
A model for rhythmic and temperature-independent growth in 'clock' mutants of Neurospora.

The Q10 for the frequency (number of bands per 24 hours) of the ‘clock’ mutant (strain CL11A) ofNeurospora crassa over the range 20–30° C is close to 1.0. By contrast, that for the double mutant, ‘wrist watch’ (strain CL12a), is closer to 2 over this temperature range. Strain CL12a differs from ‘clock’ in other ways as well, including 1) decreased rate of linear extension and band size, 2) greater sensitivity of growth rate to high temperatures and, 3) masking of rhythmic growth below 15° C. The response to temperature of several colonial mutants and standard (‘wild-type’) strains was studied and it is shown that some strains are temperature-independent yet arhythmic. A temperature-compensation model is presented to explain the response of ‘clock’ mutants to temperature and it is concluded that they demonstrate a non-circadian free-running endogenous rhythm.
Beliefs About Anal Cancer among HIV-Infected Women: Barriers and Motivators to Participation in Research

Abstract Background Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains associated with a greater risk of anal cancer, despite widespread use of combination antiretroviral therapy. Evidence concerning the acceptability of anal cancer screening gives little attention to women. Because HIV-infected women have a high prevalence of depression and history of sexual trauma, understanding acceptability among this group is critical. Purpose We sought to assess barriers and motivators to participation in anal cancer screening research among a racial/ethnically diverse HIV-infected female population. Methods We conducted a survey based on the Health Belief Model to identify characteristics of women willing to participate in anal cancer screening research ( n = 200). Bivariate analyses examined associations between willingness to participate and sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, and health beliefs. Logistic regression modeled willingness to participate in research. Main Findings Of the women who participated, 37% screened positive for depression, 43% reported a high trauma history, and 36% screened positive for posttraumatic stress disorder. Overall, 65% reported willingness to participate in research. Those likely to participate were older, reported intravenous drug use as their HIV risk factor, and had a history of prior high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) compared with those unwilling to participate. The most commonly reported barrier to anal Pap testing was fear of pain. In adjusted analyses, a lack of fear of pain and prior experience with HRA significantly predicted willingness to participate. Conclusions Findings suggest that, to increase participation in anal Pap and HRA-related research for HIV-infected women, a single approach may not be adequate. Rather, we must harness patients' previous experiences and address psychosocial and financial concerns to overcome barriers to participation.
BLOOD REGENERATION IN SEVERE ANEMIA XIV. A LIVER FRACTION POTENT IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA FED ALONE AND COMBINED WITH WHOLE LIVER, LIVER ASH AND FRESH BILE.

A liver extract No. 343, N.N.R. known to be fully potent in pernicious anemia shows but 10 to 20 per cent of the potency of whole liver feeding in severe continuous secondary anemia due to bleeding in dogs. There are wide individual variations which are not noted with whole liver feeding. Supplementing this liver extract with whole bile does not modify the reaction. Supplementing this liver extract with liver ash or apricot ash shows the sum of the two expected feeding reactions. When we supplement this liver extract with small amounts of whole liver (50 to 100 gm.) we may observe hemoglobin and red cell production in excess of the sum of the expected separate reactions. Whether the liver extract increases the potency of the whole liver feeding or vice versa, it suggests similar possibilities in various human secondary anemias. Liver and kidney fractions of varied types deserve much study to ascertain their effect upon widely divergent types of human anemias.
Bilayer organic-inorganic gate dielectrics for high-performance, low-voltage, single-walled carbon nanotube thin-film transistors, complementary logic gates, and p-n diodes on plastic substrates

High-capacitance bilayer dielectrics based on atomic-layer-deposited HfO2 and spin-cast epoxy are used with networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to enable low-voltage, hysteresis-free, and high-performance thin-film transistors (TFTs) on silicon and flexible plastic substrates. These HfO2–epoxy dielectrics exhibit excellent properties including mechanical flexibility, large capacitance (up to ca. 330 nF cm–2), and low leakage current (ca. 10–8 A cm–2); their low-temperature (ca. 150 °C) deposition makes them compatible with a range of plastic substrates. Analysis and measurements of these dielectrics as gate insulators in SWNT TFTs illustrate several attractive characteristics for this application. Their compatibility with polymers used for charge-transfer doping of SWNTs is also demonstrated through the fabrication of n-channel SWNT TFTs, low-voltage p–n diodes, and complementary logic gates.
Coal from the Swash Zone--Herrin (No. 11) Coal in Western Kentucky: ABSTRACT

The Herrin (No. 11) coal in the southern portion of Moorman syncline in western Kentucky represents an important resource with relatively consistent properties and thickness. To the north, however, subsurface information reveals that the position of the coal is occupied by a limestone across a narrow (less than 0.5 km or 1,600 ft), east-west transition zone. The Herrin is typically a bright, banded coal, with abundant vitrain and bright clarain, and has a parting, the "blue band," in the lower third of the seam. Herrin coal from a core in the transition zone, however, is largely a coarse breccia with calcite cement. The blue band is present in its usual position as a slickensided clay rather than as indurated siltstone as at nearby sites. A fossiliferous limestone is present in the upper third of the seam. Breccia lithotypes are duller than would be expected in the Herrin coal, but do include fragments with the appearance of vitrain and bright clarain. Microscopically, however, the predominate macerals of the lithotypes are not vitrinite, as would be expected, but rather semifusinite. Vitrinite group macerals are frequently "pseudovitrini e" or forms showing signs of degradation. The presence of limestone "offshore" and as a parting within the coal and the pervasive calcite cementing between breccia fragments points to the strong influence of marine conditions on the peat. Nonbrecciated bands indicate that at least some of the seam is autochthonous. The breccia suggests a high-energy environment where peat fragments were ripped up in place or transported in from elsewhere. Any peat transport was probably along the strike of the transition zone. The peat was oxidized during fragmentation and transport, resulting in alteration of humic macerals to semifusinite and fusinite. End_of_Article - Last_Page 488------------
Rapid metabolic analysis of Rhodococcus opacus PD630 via parallel 13C‐metabolite fingerprinting

For rapid analysis of microbial metabolisms, (13)C-fingerprinting employs a set of tracers to generate unique labeling patterns in key amino acids that can highlight active pathways. In contrast to rigorous (13)C-metabolic flux analysis ((13)C-MFA), this method aims to provide metabolic insights without expensive flux measurements. Using (13)C-fingerprinting, we investigated the metabolic pathways in Rhodococcus opacus PD630, a promising biocatalyst for the conversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks into value-added chemicals. Specifically, seven metabolic insights were gathered as follows: (1) glucose metabolism mainly via the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway; (2) lack of glucose catabolite repression during phenol co-utilization; (3) simultaneous operation of gluconeogenesis and the ED pathway for the co-metabolism of glucose and phenol; (4) an active glyoxylate shunt in acetate-fed culture; (5) high flux through anaplerotic pathways (e.g., malic enzyme and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase); (6) presence of alternative glycine synthesis pathway via glycine dehydrogenase; and (7) utilization of preferred exogenous amino acids (e.g., phenylalanine). Additionally, a (13)C-fingerprinting kit was developed for studying the central metabolism of non-model microbial species. This low-cost kit can be used to characterize microbial metabolisms and facilitate the design-build-test-learn cycle during the development of microbial cell factories.
Quasi-nonvolatile SSD: Trading flash memory nonvolatility to improve storage system performance for enterprise applications

This paper advocates a quasi-nonvolatile solid-state drive (SSD) design strategy for enterprise applications. The basic idea is to trade data retention time of NAND flash memory for other system performance metrics including program/erase (P/E) cycling endurance and memory programming speed, and meanwhile use explicit internal data refresh to accommodate very short data retention time (e.g., few weeks or even days). We also propose SSD scheduling schemes to minimize the impact of internal data refresh on normal I/O requests. Based upon detailed memory cell device modeling and SSD system modeling, we carried out simulations that clearly show the potential of using this simple quasi-nonvolatile SSD design strategy to improve system cycling endurance and speed performance. We also performed detailed energy consumption estimation, which shows the energy consumption overhead induced by data refresh is negligible.
Teacher Candidates’ Perceptions of Technology Supported Literacy Practices

This study explores teacher education candidates’ perceptions of technologies used to support K-12 student literacy development. Candidates scored each technology based on their impressions of its ability to support student literacy development. They also evaluated their own level of expertise with each piece of technology using a pre-post survey. Technologies included broad-based applications (blogs, wikis, podcasts, and digital storytelling) as well as more specific applications (Prezi, Glogster, and Voicethread). Results indicated an increased knowledge of technologies available to support K-12 student literacy development. In addition, certain technologies were rated as more effective in promoting student literacy development. Data were disaggregated for secondary versus elementary candidate populations.
Effect of Ethoxyquin on Carotenoid Stability and Utilization

Abstract SIEDLER et al. (1956) found that the addition of 0.1 percent ethoxyquin to animal fat increased vitamin A and betacarotene stability in chick diets. Romoser et al. (1959) noted that ethoxyquin stabilized the xanthophylls in poultry feed and enhanced xanthophyll utilization by the chick. Anjaneyalu (1962) added 0.0125 percent ethoxyquin to a laying diet with different levels of alfalfa meal and found a significant increase in egg yolk pigmentation. He concluded that ethoxyquin exhibited in vivo protection of xanthophylls in addition to its action in the feed. Madiedo et al. (1964) stated that the addition of ethoxyquin at levels of 0.01, 0.02 and 0.1 percent in a laying hen diet increased pigmentation values in egg yolk from 55 mcg. per gram of egg yolk on the untreated diets to 85, 90 and 104 mcg./gm., respectively, for the three ethoxyquin diets. Numerous studies have been reported on the utilization of xanthophylls …
Brugada syndrome and its relevance in the perioperative period

Brugada syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death, as well as ventricular tachyarrhythmias.The defective cardiac sodium channels result in usual electrocardiographic findings of a coved-type ST elevation in precordial leads V1 to V3. The majority of patients have uncomplicated courses with anesthesia, surgery, and invasive procedures. However there is risk of worsening ST elevation and ventricular arrhythmias due to perioperative medications, surgical insult, electrolyte abnormalities, fever, autonomic nervous system tone, as well as other perturbations. Given the increasing numbers of patients with inherited conduction disorders presenting for non-cardiac surgery that are at risk of sudden cardiac death, safe anesthetic management depends upon a detailed knowledge of these conditions.
Behavior and communication co-optimization for systems with sequential communication media

In this paper we propose a new communication synthesis approach targeting systems with sequential communication media (SCM). Since SCMs require that the reading sequence and writing sequence must have the same order, different transmission orders may have a dramatic impact on the final performance. However, the problem of determining the best possible communication order for SCMs is not adequately addressed by prior work. The goal of our work is to consider behaviors in communication synthesis for SCM, detect appropriate transmission, order to optimize latency, automatically transform the behavior descriptions, and automatically generate driver routines and glue logics to access physical channels. Our algorithm, named SCOOP, successfully achieves these goals by behavior and communication co-optimization. Compared to the results without optimization, we can achieve an average 20% improvement in total latency on a set of real-life benchmarks.
Cystoscope- and robot-assisted bladder diverticulectomy.

Background and Purpose: Minimally invasive approaches to manage bladder diverticula have become increasingly popular; however, intracorporeal identification of bladder diverticula may be challenging. We report a novel technique for diverticular illumination using flexible cystoscopy. Patients and Methods: After management of bladder neck obstruction, two patients with bladder diverticula and persistent lower urinary tract symptoms underwent robot-assisted bladder diverticulectomy. Cystoscopic illumination was used in both cases to aid diverticular identification and dissection. Results: Our technique was simple to perform and facilitated identification and dissection of bladder diverticula. Postoperative cystography revealed no evidence of residual diverticula. Conclusions: Cystoscope-assisted illumination provides a straightforward method of identifying bladder diverticula during robot-assisted laparoscopic diverticulectomy.
The seven amino acids (547-553) of rat glucocorticoid receptor required for steroid and hsp90 binding contain a functionally independent LXXLL motif that is critical for steroid binding.

Abstract Hsp90 association with glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) is required for steroid binding. We recently reported that seven amino acids (547–553) overlapping the amino-terminal end of the rat GR ligand-binding domain are necessary for hsp90 binding, and consequently steroid binding. The role of a LXXLL motif at the COOH terminus of this sequence has now been analyzed by determining the properties of Leu to Ser mutations in full-length GR and glutathioneS-transferase chimeras. Surprisingly, these mutations decreased steroid binding capacity without altering receptor levels, steroid binding affinity, or hsp90 binding. Single mutations in the context of the full-length receptor did not affect the transcriptional activity but the double mutant (L550S/L553S) was virtually inactive. This biological inactivity was found to be due to an increased rate of steroid dissociation from the activated mutant complex. These results, coupled with those from trypsin digestion studies, suggest a model in which the GR ligand-binding domain is viewed as having a “hinged pocket,” with the hinge being in the region of the trypsin digestion site at Arg651. The pocket would normally be kept shut via the intramolecular interactions of the LXXLL motif at amino acids 550–554 acting as a hydrophobic clasp.
The use of public key cryptography in communication system design

Since the time of Caesar, cryptography has been used in the design of secure communications systems. Recently, Diffie and Hellman [2] have introduced a new type of cryptographic method, based on "trapdoor" functions, which promises to be of great value in the design of such systems. We present a review of public key cryptosystems, followed by examples of communications systems which make particularly elegant use of their properties.
Justifying Music Instruction in American Public Schools: A Historical Perspective.

(1995). Justifying Music Instruction in American Public Schools: A Historical Perspective. Arts Education Policy Review: Vol. 96, No. 6, pp. 31-38.
A new deep-water cardinalfish (Neamia: Apogonidae) from Kiritimati Atoll, Kiribati

Abstract A single specimen of Neamia xenica, new species, was collected at 93 m utilizing mixed-gas rebreathers. This cardinalfish has pored lateral-line scales (extending from the posttemporal to caudal fin) at a smaller length than in Neamia articycla, a quasi-ovoid cluster of melanophores on the opercle without associated narrow dark marks (a round or oval dark opercular spot with pale outer region outlined with narrow dark marks in N. articycla and N. notula, respectively), and 14 pectoral fin-rays (14 fin rays in N. articycla and N. notula and 17–21 fin rays in N. octospina). Dorsal and anal insertion patterns of supraneurals, pterygiophores, and vertebral spines are reported for all species of Neamia. Species of Apogonichthys with 14 pectoral-fin rays may be confused with species of Neamia but do not have an opercular spot and have five free hypurals.
Mode-locked operation of a Nd:YLF laser and amplification in a Q-switched Nd:glass slab laser

A Nd:YLF laser pumped with a CW dye laser and acoustooptically mode locked at 38 MHz has an output power of 130 mW and a pulse length of 60 ps. Insertion of intracavity etalons and misaligning the mode locker allows for stable operation with a continuous range of pulse lengths from 60 ps to 4 ns. The 1.053- mu m emission permits amplification of these pulses in a Q-switched Nd:phosphate glass slab laser oscillator up to intensities limited by optical damage. >
Telomere length, family history, and paternal age in schizophrenia

Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is longer in association with advanced paternal age, but this association has not been examined along with family history (FH) in schizophrenia. LTL was measured by PCR and compared across cases and controls as part of a study to examine the characteristics of paternal age related schizophrenia. The 53 schizophrenia cases had similar mean LTL as 20 controls, although cases were significantly older than controls and overwhelmingly smoked cigarettes. Multivariate analyses showed that a FH of schizophrenia was associated with longer LTL in both male and female cases. Later paternal age was also related to longer LTL in male cases, but with shorter LTL in female cases. Male cases with older fathers and a FH had the longest LTL. The genetic architecture associated with a familial risk for schizophrenia may include pathways that lengthen LTL. Paternal aging conferred an additional increase in LTL lengthening in male cases, but reduced LTL in female cases. The gender difference in LTL for paternal aging is consistent with the severe illness features reported for female cases with older fathers and could implicate epigenetic alterations in the paternal X chromosomal region with advanced paternal age in association with the risk for schizophrenia.
When Not Saying NO Does Not Mean Yes: Psychophysiological Factors Involved in Date Rape

To understand how a woman who does not want to be a willing sexual partner can at times acquiesce and not fight the date rape predator, the neurobiology of our responses to threat needs to be understood. Under situations of extreme threat, instead of responding just to danger signals with only the options to fight or flee, we also retain in our nervous system a primitive immobilization response that may reflexively be expressed when our body detects life threat. This primitive defense system is shared not only with other mammals, but also with reptiles, such as the turtle, that immobilize as a primary defensive strategy. The brain makes the decision without awareness, and the relative risks of stimuli are interpreted to be safe, dangerous, or life threatening. The polyvagal theory proposed by Stephen Porges may explain why many rape victims do not actively resist. According to the theory, the act of not responding is an immobilization fear response to life threat, which may be wrongly interpreted by the a...
Unsupervised Word Sense Induction using Distributional Statistics

Word sense induction is an unsupervised task to find and characterize different senses of polysemous words. This work investigates two unsupervised approaches that focus on using distributional word statistics to cluster the contextual information of the target words using two different algorithms involving latent dirichlet allocation and spectral clustering. Using a large corpus for achieving this task, we quantitatively analyze our clusters on the Semeval-2010 dataset and also perform a qualitative analysis of our induced senses. Our results indicate that our methods successfully characterized the senses of the target words and were also able to find unconventional senses for those words.
Abstract 351: Comparisons of a Pre- and Post-Behaviorally Modified Lifestyle Intervention for Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk in an Employee Population: My Unlimited Potential

Background: A major shortcoming of lifestyle improvement programs has been the difficulty in understanding the recruitment and follow-up strategies that yield the best results in terms of targeted health outcomes and retention rates. In this study, we compare the retention rates, short and long-term outcomes of a tailored workplace lifestyle intervention program targeted at high CVD risk working populations before and after implementation of changes made to the program based on a behavioral assessment (BA) analysis. Methods: The My Unlimited Potential (MyUP) is a year long lifestyle intervention program conducted among high-CVD risk employees of Baptist Health South Florida. The program was initially designed to have a 9-week intensive phase, with a year long follow-up period. During the intensive phase, participants had supervised structured physical fitness training as well as nutritional counseling. Due to concerns about sub-optimal retention rates and outcomes, the program was modified based on the re...
Accelerated failure identification sampling for probability analysis of rare events

Critical engineering systems generally demand high reliability while considering uncertainties, which makes failure event identification and reliability analysis based on computer simulation codes computationally very expensive. Rare event can be defined as a failure event that has a small probability of failure value, normally less than 10ź5. This paper presents a new approach, referred to as Accelerated Failure Identification Sampling (AFIS), for probability analysis of rare events, enabling savings of vast computational efforts. To efficiently identify rare failure sample points in probability analysis, the proposed AFIS technique will first construct a Gaussian process (GP) model for system performance of interest and then utilize the developed model to predict unknown responses of Monte Carlo sample points. Second, a new quantitative measure, namely "failure potential", is developed to iteratively search sample points that have the best chance to be a failure sample point. Third, the identified sample points with highest failure potentials are evaluated for the true performance and then used to update the GP model. The failure identification process will be iteratively preceded and the Monte Carlo simulation will then be employed to estimate probabilities of rare events if the maximum failure potential of existing Monte Carlo samples falls below a given target value. Two case studies are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed AFIS approach for rare events identification and probability analysis.
E0 DECAY OF THE 2561-keV 0$sup +$ LEVEL OF $sup 54$Fe.

The branching ratio of the ${0}^{+}$ state of $^{54}\mathrm{Fe}$ at 2561 keV for decay by ${e}^{+}\ensuremath{-}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ pair emission to the ${0}^{+}$ ground state is measured to be (0.17 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.025)%. The lifetime of this third excited state of $^{54}\mathrm{Fe}$ is not known; the main decay mode is by $E2$ decay to the 1408-keV ${2}^{+}$ first excited state. In addition $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectra were measured with a Ge(Li) detector and excitation energies and branching ratios were determined for levels up to 3.834 MeV.