cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disruptive behavior disorders in children with mental retardation.

In discussing Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBD) in mental retardation (MR), it is well to be aware that MR does not have one etiology but a nearly infinite number of etiologies. Indeed, insofar as individual genetic inheritance is a factor (and it often is) the mix of etiologies is enormous. Most workers agree that the presence of MR is the consequence of an array of factors that fall under the rubrics of biological, social, and psychological risk factors (Aman, Hammer, & Rojahn, 1993). Each of these factors may have different impacts on the various DBD. Examples of organic causes are genetic abnormalities, chromosomal abnormalities, and a multitude of congenital infections and maternal diseases that may harm the fetus. Subsequent to birth, encephalitis, meningitis, head trauma, toxemia, malnutrition, cerebrovascular accidents, and degenerative diseases are capable of causing MR.
Health Care for 1.3 Billion: An Overview of China’s Health System

What kind of a health care system do China’s 1.3 billion turn to when ill, injured, or in need of care? This article provides a brief overview of how China’s health system has transformed alongside China’s society and economy since the Mao era, including how the current system is financed, organized, regulated, and being reformed. I first provide a brief description of the Mao-era health system and China’s demographic and epidemiologic transitions. Then I overview China’s contemporary health care system, including the dramatic expansion of health insurance over the last eight years and the progress of national health system reforms initiated in 2009.
Inhibition of drug metabolism. V. Inhibition of drug metabolism by steroids.

In a study employing hepatic microsomes from rats, estradiol-17β, testosterone, androsterone, progesterone, and hydrocortisone inhibited competitively the oxidation of ethylmorphine and hexobarbital. Inhibitor constants for each steroid were the same whether ethylmorphine or hexobarbital served as substrates. Results are consistent with the concept that certain drugs and steroids are alternative substrates for a common microsomal mixed function oxidase system. The inhibitory effects of steroids on chlorpromazine metabolism were both qualitatively and quanitatively different from those observed when ethylmorophine and hexobarbital metabolism were studied. Not only were the steroids less potent inhibitors of chlorpromazine oxidation, but inhibition was not competitive.
Three-Dimensional Lithographic Microfabrication Based on Multiphoton-Induced Wide Field Illumination

3D multiphoton laser writing microfabrication has good resolution but has relatively low throughput. We suggest 3D multiphoton-induced wide field illumination lithography, and it can be a viable high throughput system for patterning tissue engineering substrates.
FRESHWATER VEGETATION INFLUENCE ON SEDIMENT SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION IN RIVER DELTA DURING FLOOD

The morphology of a river delta stems from the interaction between flow and sediment transport. This morphodynamic interaction is potentially affected by freshwater marsh vegetation (e.g. Sagittaria spp. and Typha spp.) on the exposed surfaces of emergent deltaic islands. The vulnerability of these deltaic islands is a result of external forces like large storms, sea level rise, and trapping of sediment in reservoirs upstream. These factors can strongly determine the evolution of the deltaic system by influencing the coupling between vegetation dynamics and morphology. In the last few years, models have been developed to describe the dynamics of salt marsh geomorphology coupled with vegetation growth while the effect of the vegetation on a delta remains unexplored. The sediment flux through the system differs in salt marshes with respect to deltaic islands. During a flood in a river delta sediments are able to deposit on bars if the water flows over them, while in salt marsh the sediment is transported in and out through the channel edge flooding continuously the riparian marshes. Our results show a sediment spatial distribution in deltaic islands that depends on vegetation height and density. This dependence affects the slope of a river delta and its resiliency.
Enhanced in vivo H2O2 generation by rat kidney in glycerol-induced renal failure

Aminotriazole-mediated inhibition of catalase has been used in previous studies as a measure of in vivo changes in the hydrogen peroxide generation. Using this method, we found a significantly higher inhibition of renal catalase activity at various time points (30, 60, and 90 min) in glycerol-treated rats (a well-established model for myoglobinuric acute renal failure) compared with rats treated with aminotriazole alone. The greater inhibition in the glycerol-treated group was not due to differences in aminotriazole levels. We confirmed that catalase inactivation by aminotriazole was due to formation of catalase-hydrogen peroxide intermediate (compound I) because catalase inactivation was prevented by ethanol, a competitive substrate for compound I. There were no significant differences in the aminotriazole-induced inhibition of renal cortical catalase activity in control and uranyl nitrate-treated rats, suggesting that there was no enhanced generation of hydrogen peroxide in this model of acute renal failure. Taken together, these data provide evidence for enhanced generation of hydrogen peroxide in glycerol-induced acute renal failure and suggest that the enhanced generation of hydrogen peroxide in the glycerol-induced acute renal failure is not a result of nonspecific response to tissue injury.
220 kV Power Grid District-dividing Optimization for Limiting Fault Current

The voltage-grading and district-dividing operation in power systems has become an important measure to limit fault current. A 220 kV power grid optimization model is firstly established to overcome shortcomings of district-dividing by experience or heuristic methods in the paper. The object function for optimal model is maximizing uniform load-rate of the main transformer in each 220 kV zone. The constraint condition includes network loss,supply reliability,fault current limit on 220 kV bus bar and other network constraints . Tabu search algorithm is applied to solve the optimization problem. Finally the method is simulated with a practical example of Jiangsu power grid in 2008 summer peak load data. The simulation result shows the above method is validated.
Exploration on Occupational Health Work Mode

Objective In the paper,the contents and impact factors of occupational health work in county level and in current stage are dicussed.The authors suggested that the occupational health mode should be implemented jointly among different departments and coordinated with legal management system regulated by gorernment.Besides,the management of occupational health network model should be established so as to adapt to the rapid development and reform of econmic system in our country.
Interleukin-1 type I receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle*

Objective To investigate the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1) type I receptor in the endometrial tissue of normal patients during the menstrual cycle. Design Prospective longitudinal study. Setting Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California. Patients Twenty fertile women between 19 and 41 years of age underwent hysterectomy for benign reasons (n = 9) and laparoscopy for tubal ligation (n = 11). In all cases, endometriosis was not visualized. Interventions Endometrial biopsy using the Novak curette was obtained at the time of surgery. Main Outcome Measure Total RNA extracted from unfractioned endometrial tissue was analyzed on Northern blots by using specific complementary deoxyribonucleic acid probes. Results We found IL-1 type I receptor mRNA expression in endometrial tissue throughout the entire menstrual cycle. However, IL-1 type I receptor mRNA levels were significantly higher during both early and late luteal phases than follicular and midluteal phases. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the presence of the IL-1 system in the human endometrium and that the receptor is regulated throughout the menstrual cycle with a 4.1-fold increased expression of the IL-1 receptor gene in the early luteal phase compared with preovulatory endometrium.
A Rapid Prototyping Approach to Synthetic Data Generation for Improved 2D Gesture Recognition

Training gesture recognizers with synthetic data generated from real gestures is a well known and powerful technique that can significantly improve recognition accuracy. In this paper we introduce a novel technique called gesture path stochastic resampling (GPSR) that is computationally efficient, has minimal coding overhead, and yet despite its simplicity is able to achieve higher accuracy than competitive, state-of-the-art approaches. GPSR generates synthetic samples by lengthening and shortening gesture subpaths within a given sample to produce realistic variations of the input via a process of nonuniform resampling. As such, GPSR is an appropriate rapid prototyping technique where ease of use, understandability, and efficiency are key. Further, through an extensive evaluation, we show that accuracy significantly improves when gesture recognizers are trained with GPSR synthetic samples. In some cases, mean recognition errors are reduced by more than 70%, and in most cases, GPSR outperforms two other evaluated state-of-the-art methods.
Gender Differences in Support for Torture

Gender differences regarding support for the use of force average around 8 percent and are twice the size of differences on non-force issues. This article investigates a related gender gap in support for the use of torture. I investigate threat perceptions as a possible explanation for the gap and find strong support for this hypothesis. Specifically, increased threat perceptions lead men but not women to be more likely to support the use of torture. In addition to providing an explanation for the gender gap in support for torture, this extends prior work that finds increased threat perceptions with respect to terrorism lead to greater support for aggressive policies.
Creativity in the Classroom

(2005). Creativity in the Classroom. Gifted and Talented International: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 79-80.
A New Intermediate in TPNH-Linked Flavoproteins

The early studies of Michaelis et. al. (1) clearly indicated that partial reduction of the flavin coenzymes led to the production of colored radical intermediates. Except for the catio-nic radical, which is produced in high yield at very acid pH values (pH<l) the ascription of discrete spectra to the flavin semiquinone was very much hampered by the low radical yield in half reduced flavin-mixtures (2). Further complications arose from the recognition of the existence of charge transfer complexes between reduced and oxidized flavin (2,3,4) with considerable absorption at wavelengths greater than 500 mμ. In fact systematic studies were needed with flavoproteins (5) as well as chemical models (6), (where practically quantitative reduction to the semiquinone can be achieved) in order to show that the neutral flavin semiquinone had a characteristic blue color due to high absorption at 600 my whereas the anionic semiquinone had a characteristic red color, due to the absorption maximum in the region 470–490 my. Figure 1 shows the two semiquinoid forms of glucose oxidase. Except for lipoyl dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase which are complicated by interaction of the flavin with the active center disulfide-dithiol (7,8) all simple flavoproteins so far tested yield either the neutral or anion radical with spectra similar to the two shown in Figure 1. In only two flavoprotein enzymes hitherto studied has the true semiquinoid form been shown unequivocally to be concerned in catalysis (9,10). Instead, with a number of enzymes, the catalytic intermediate appears to be a complex of the flavin and substrate in a partial reduction state, as in the case of D- and L-amino acid oxidases (11,12) or of the two redox active groups of the enzyme (flavin and disulfide) as in the case of lipoyl dehydrogenase (13) and glutathione reductase (8).
Importance of Surgeon Experience in the Surgical Management of Thyroid Cancer

Before the nineteenth century, thyroidectomy was associated with significant mortality. However, with improved surgical technique and experience in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, it became increasingly safe; in the contemporary era, thyroidectomy is a common surgical procedure for both benign and malignant conditions, with near-zero mortality rates. However, significant morbidity can occur from thyroidectomy-specific complications, such as injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and/or hypoparathyroidism. The incidence of these complications has been shown to be higher when surgery is performed for malignancy and/or by low-volume surgeons. This correlation between volume and outcomes has been well documented across multiple surgical subspecialties and a variety of procedures, including thyroidectomy. The improved outcomes observed when thyroidectomy is performed by a high-volume surgeon include not only decreased rates of complications but also improved oncologic resections with a resulting decreased risk for recurrence and reoperation.
Dual-comb intracavity high harmonic generation for precision spectroscopy in the XUV

Intracavity high harmonic generation (iHHG) has proven useful for generating frequency combs in the challenging-to-reach vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) and extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) spectral regions [1,2]. These combs enable precision spectroscopy of key atomic and molecular transitions in the VUV and XUV through the conversion of high power near-infrared combs inside a passive femtosecond enhancement cavity (fsEC). The first demonstration of iHHG-based frequency comb spectroscopy in the XUV was demonstrated in 2012 [2], however, the use of a single comb restricts measurements to narrow, isolated, atomic transitions. To measure more complex spectra, for example from molecules or Rydberg states, single-comb spectroscopy is often not suitable. Dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) can overcome these limitations by providing broad-bandwidth, high-resolution spectra with short acquisition times. DCS is a well-established technique in the IR and NIR, however, a straightforward extension to the VUV/XUV would require two separate enhancement cavities and has the additional complication of efficiently overlapping the two XUV beams. In this paper we show that we are able to couple two independent high power fs combs to a single fsEC to greatly simplify our approach towards DCS in the VUV/XUV by eliminating the second cavity and consequently the beam overlap problem. The system can also be configured to enable precise time-resolved measurements of extreme optical nonlinearities using a novel pump-probe technique. See Fig 1(b). This measurement is critical for better understanding intracavity ionization limitations as well as precisely characterizing relative phase shifts between pulse pairs for DCS.
Consistent XVA Metrics Part II: Multi-Currency

We present a consistent framework for computing shareholder and firm values of derivative portfolios in the presence of collateral, counterparty risk and funding costs in a multi-currency economy. The results extend the single currency economy results from Kjaer and the major difference is that the effective funding spreads now include cross currency basis spreads. This is a consequence of having to hedge the foreign exchange rate risks that arise from converting funding in one currency into collateral in another. The resulting valuation adjustments have been implemented in the forthcoming Bloomberg MARS XVA product.
Visualizing the Contributions of Virtual States to Two-Photon Absorption Cross Sections by Natural Transition Orbitals of Response Transition Density Matrices

Observables such as two-photon absorption cross sections cannot be computed from the wave functions of initial and final states alone because of their nonlinear nature. Rather, they depend on the entire manifold of the excited states, which follows from the familiar sum-over-states expressions of second- and higher-order properties. Consequently, the interpretation of the computed nonlinear optical properties in terms of molecular orbitals is not straightforward and usually relies on approximate few-states models. Here, we show that the two-photon absorption (2PA) transitions can be visualized using response one-particle transition density matrices, which are defined as transition density matrices between the zero-order and first-order perturbed states. We also extend the concept of natural transition orbitals to 2PA transitions. We illustrate the utility of this new tool, which provides a rigorous black box alternative to traditional qualitative few-states analysis, by considering 2PA transitions in ethy...
Residual stresses in deposited materials

X-ray diffraction provides a means of measuring the residual stress tensor in films, their bonding to the substrates, yield stress, stress relaxation, and stress gradients, all without removal from the substrate. Examples of such studies are presented for interconnect material, sputtered film and epoxied layers. These stresses often far exceed those of the same material in the bulk, even when they are microns thick. Grain boundary diffusion controls stress relaxation and, therefore, also film failure by void formation. There are no gradients through the thickness of interconnect material.
OCT Angiography Imaging in Serpiginous Choroidopathy.

Purpose To report OCTA findings in 3 cases, 2 active and 1 inactive, of serpiginous choroidopathy (SC) and describe OCTA changes in response to treatment. Design Retrospective case series. Participants We studied 6 eyes of 3 patients with SC. Methods Retrospective case series of 3 patients with SC undergoing multimodal imaging, including OCTA. In 1 treated eye, both pre- and posttreatment images were compared. Main Outcome Measures Description of OCTA findings in patients with SC. Results In the active phase, OCTA images show an apparent absence of the choriocapillaris with variable outer retinal and retinal pigment epithelial thickening. After treatment, OCTA of previously active lesions demonstrates a partial reappearance of the choriocapillaris, especially at lesion margins. In inactive SC, the choriocapillaris, along with the retinal pigment epithelium and outer retina, is notably absent. Conclusions Optical coherence tomography angiography suggests absence of choriocapillaris in both active and inactive phases of SC with partial reestablishment following treatment. Although the exact pathogenesis of SC is not elucidated by these findings, OCTA images allow us to better evaluate choroidal involvement.
Numerical analysis of the micro-Couette flow using a non-Newton–Fourier model with enhanced wall boundary conditions

Non-equilibrium effects exist extensively in microfluidic flows, and the accurate simulation of the Knudsen layer behind them is rather challenging for the linear Newton–Fourier model. In this paper, a high-order reduced model (nonlinear coupled constitutive relations) from Eu’s generalized hydrodynamic equations is applied for the investigation of the micro-Couette flows of diatomic nitrogen and monatomic argon as well as Maxwell and hard-sphere molecules using the MacCormack scheme. In order to simulate the confined flows accurately, a set of enhanced wall boundary conditions based on this model are derived with respect to the degree of non-equilibrium. Both the 1st-order Maxwell–Smoluchowski model and the Langmuir slip model are also investigated. For a large range of Knudsen numbers, the results show that the enhanced boundary conditions make a significant improvement in the prediction of flow profiles, especially the temperature profile. The reason behind that is analyzed in detail. The numerical predictions obtained from the high-order model in conjunction with the enhanced boundary conditions are also compared with DSMC, regularized 13 moment equations, Burnett-type equations as well as Navier–Stokes solutions, which highlight its excellent capability in describing the underlying mechanism of the Knudsen layer in the Couette flow.
Diabetes and Parkinson disease: A sweet spot?

There are many superficial similarities between diabetes mellitus (DM) and Parkinson disease (PD). In both cases, clinical manifestations are primarily attributable to the decrement and then absence of a biological product (insulin and dopamine) with diminution and ultimately substantial or near-complete loss of cells in specialized tissue that produce the agent. The diseases affect multiple organ systems and can be treated by agonists and by replacement of the agent. Other options include stimulators, tissue transplants, and pumps. But deep down, there are biologically plausible cellular mechanisms that intertwine both of these conditions. Insulin receptors are relatively plentiful in substantia nigra neurons,1 and hyperglycemia suppresses substantia nigra dopaminergic neuronal firing as well as decreases dopamine turnover. Attention has increasingly focused on mitochondria as a link between DM and PD. Insulin resistance has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, while MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), a toxin that caused numerous cases of parkinsonism, leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Insulin resistance is associated with decreased genetic expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1 Alpha), a key regulator of mitochondrial genesis and functioning, with resultant organelle destruction (mitophagy), as well as increased oxidative stress and toxic mitochondrial mutations. Evidence suggests there may be diminished expression of PGC1 Alpha genes in PD as well.2
Promising New Agents for Colorectal Cancer

Choosing the optimal treatment approach for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) demands that oncologists assess both clinical and genomic variables and individualize care based upon the findings. Clinically, choices depend on assessing the side of the colon in which the primary tumor originates, the sites and burden of metastatic disease, the patient’s performance status, and their individual comorbidities. Genomic assessment of the tumor to discern the mutational status of genes such as RAS/RAF, HER2, and TRK, as well as assessing whether tumors have defective mismatch repair (dMMR) or high microsatellite instability (MSI-H), all factor in to potential treatment options and can determine clinical trial eligibility. Metastasectomy may be an option for patients with a low burden of disease and accessible liver- or lung-limited metastases. In some unresectable cases, systemic therapy with a FOLFOX- or FOLFIRI-based regimen with or without a biologic agent can lead to sufficient disease reduction to make a patient eligible for resection of metastatic disease. Tumor sidedness and RAS mutational status guide which biologic we add to the initial chemotherapy backbone, with patients with left-sided, RAS wild-type (WT) tumors receiving anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-directed therapy and patients with right-sided tumors or those with RAS mutations receiving bevacizumab. In patients with tumors that manifest microsatellite instability or deficient mismatch repair, we typically administer checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab or nivolumab after progression on irinotecan- or oxaliplatin-based therapies. In patients with progressive disease, we routinely send tumor tissue for next generation sequencing (NGS) to assess for the presence of actionable genomic alterations such as HER2, BRAF, and TRK fusions and offer them the option of enrollment on clinical trials with agents targeting those or other identified alterations.
Exploring cultural diversity.

"Exploring Cultural Diversity" and "Out of the Comfort Zone" are companion articles written from a professor's and student's perspective about experiences in transcultural nursing. The nursing professor describes the planning and implementation phases of the program, and the student describes the life-changing experiences and impressions which occurred. The theory portion of the program takes place at the university in the semester prior to the clinical segment, and the experiential component of the course includes traveling to, living, and practicing within a developing country. A journey to the Dominican Republic in 1994 is recounted. Together the articles emphasize the need for increasing global understanding of the relationship of culture to health in order to promote high level wellness for all the citizens of this planet.
Difficulties Awakening the Sense of Injustice and Overcoming Oppression: On the Soporific Effects of System Justification

Morton Deutsch (Social Justice Research, 19, 7–41, 2006) identifies “awakening a sense of injustice” as a necessary precursor of social change. Building on Deutsch’s theorizing, we propose that system justification, the motivation to defend and justify existing social, economic, and political institutions, and to derogate or dismiss alternatives to the status quo (Jost, Banaji, & Nosek, Political Psychology, 25, 881–920, 2004), operates as an obstacle to awakening the sense of injustice. In this chapter, we summarize recent research findings illustrating the soporific effects of system justification motivation, that is, the ways in which it inhibits the awakening of a sense of injustice. Furthermore, we observe that social change is most likely to be embraced when it is system-sanctioned and therefore imbued with the legitimacy of the overarching social system. Although disruptive social protest may sometimes be necessary, broad system-level changes may be more readily accomplished through interventions and appeals that do not directly challenge the status quo, but instead garner psychological support through their association with the current system.
Cities as Studios: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Community-Engaged Theatre Through the CitySpeak Project

CitySpeak presents an interdisciplinary curriculum of Visual and Performing Arts (V+PA) and Urban Studies that implements a model of research- and arts-based urban planning and community development created in partnership by a curriculum of Visual and Performing Arts and Urban Studies. Through collaboration with community-based organizations that serve a city’s diverse populations, CitySpeak creates mini public squares in which the voices of the city can be amplified, heard, and empowered. In this model, urban research, including interviews and focus groups, provides material that is analyzed for core themes, which, along with the transcribed interviews, provides the basis for devising a theatrical performance. The performance, in turn, becomes the nexus for discussion by citizens and city leaders on the issues explored in the performance leading, ultimately, to planning for ameliorating both existing and potential problems in urban planning and community development. Through its curriculum, CitySpeak students learn to recognize the tension between the public image of the city and the individual citizens’ perceptions. Beyond learning to recognize that tension, CitySpeak activates citizens’ voices by bringing them into the new public square through devising work that encourages the city leaders, citizens, and students to listen to the diversity of viewpoints around them.
Antibody Cross-Linking of CD14 Activates MerTK and Promotes Human Macrophage Clearance of Apoptotic Neutrophils: the Dual Role of CD14 at the Crossroads Between M1 and M2c Polarization.

Mer receptor tyrosine kinase (MerTK) is key for efficient phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils (ANs) and homeostasis of IL-10 production by human anti-inflammatory M2c monocytes/macrophages. We asked whether stimulation of M2c surface receptors contributes in turn to MerTK activation. For this purpose, human monocytes/macrophages were differentiated under M1, M2a, and M2c polarizing conditions. The effects of antibody-mediated cross-linking of M2c receptors (i.e., CD14, CD16, CD32, CD163, CD204) on MerTK phosphorylation and phagocytosis of ANs were tested. MerTK expression was also studied by flow cytometry and western blot in the presence of LPS and in M2c-derived microvesicles (MVs). Antibody cross-linking of either CD14 or CD32/FcγRII led to Syk activation and MerTK phosphorylation in its two distinct glycoforms (175–205 and 135–155 kDa). Cross-linked CD14 enhanced efferocytosis by M2c macrophages and enabled M1 and M2a cells to clear ANs efficiently. In M1 conditions, LPS abolished surface MerTK expression on CD14bright cell subsets, so disrupting the anti-inflammatory pathway. In M2c cells, instead, MerTK was diffusely and brightly co-expressed with CD14, and was also detected in M2c macrophage-derived MVs; in these conditions, LPS only partially downregulated MerTK on cell surfaces, while the smaller MerTK glycoform contained in MVs remained intact. Altogether, cooperation between CD14 and MerTK may foster the clearance of ANs by human monocytes/macrophages. CD14 stands between M1-related LPS co-receptor activity and M2c-related MerTK-dependent response. MerTK interaction with CD32/FcγRII, its detection in M2c MVs, and the differential localization and LPS susceptibility of MerTK glycoforms add further new elements to the complexity of the MerTK network.
A place for seed libraries in higher education: Setting the stage for new outreach and engagement initiatives

Seed libraries are community-based programs providing access to free open-pollinated seeds (usually fruit, vegetables, and flowers), and related information resources. They strengthen local biodiversity, support local food systems, and facilitate food access, as well as social justice conversations through supporting resources and outreach and engagement initiatives. While seed libraries have been around for many years there is little evidence of research on seed libraries in higher education, including their potential to affect social change. This article will provide context for seed libraries in higher education through examination of the relevant literature available on food insecurity among college students, health impacts of gardening activities, and civic engagement opportunities. Garden-based pedagogy will be discussed, as well as home gardening and general benefits of gardening. Understanding community and greater societal needs can guide new outreach and engagement initiatives, such as seed libraries in higher education, leading to social change and enhanced student learning.
Content analysis of locum tenens recruitment emails for anesthesiologists

Locum tenens continues to be an increasingly utilized employment option among healthcare organizations to cope with short-term provider vacancies. There exist no studies that explore the job characteristics of such assignments. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical responsibilities and compensation of anesthesiology locum tenens positions through content analysis of recruitment emails. Through this data, anesthesiologists interested in locum tenens will be better equipped to evaluate the merit of potential opportunities. The study was conducted using a compiled database of unsolicited emails received by one of the authors. A total of 241 emails containing 794 assignments were included during the period of 1/09/17 to 1/26/18 (383 days in total). The information was extracted using a standardized template and was entered into a database. Additional validation of the content was done using a data mining tool. Most of the job opportunities originated from five staffing agencies. A total of 37, 25, and 17% of the assignments were allocated to hospitals, ambulatory surgical centers, and trauma centers respectively. The mean caseload for the assignments was between 8.5 and 11.1 cases per day. The mean daily work shift was 9.1 hours, and the average duration of the assignment was one week. The most frequently requested cases included general (74%), orthopedics (54%), and OB/GYN (51%). However, information regarding training qualifications and licensing was not routinely provided. Only 13.1% of assignments specified a system of medical documentation with paper charting being the most common. The mean hourly rate for locum anesthesiologists in our sample was $186.19, significantly higher than the national average of $127.88. Around 28% of staffing agencies covered the licensing expenses of specialists while 23% covered the expense of travels and 20% covered accommodation costs. Descriptions for locum tenens positions follow common anesthesiology practices and feature superior compensation to national estimates. However, vital information is often omitted from recruitment emails, and practice settings are highly variable. Anesthesiologists are urged to fully investigate opportunities before accepting based on recruitment emails. Managers should require more details to be provided in job offers.
Testing the impact of satellite anisotropy on large- and small-scale intrinsic alignments using hydrodynamical simulations

Galaxy intrinsic alignments (IAs) have long been recognised as a significant contaminant to weak lensing-based cosmological inference. In this paper we seek to quantify the impact of a common modelling assumption in analytic descriptions of intrinsic alignments: that of spherically symmetric dark matter halos. Understanding such effects is important as the current generation of intrinsic alignment models are known to be limited, particularly on small scales, and building an accurate theoretical description will be essential for fully exploiting the information in future lensing data. Our analysis is based on a catalogue of 113,560 galaxies between $z=0.06-1.00$ from MassiveBlack-II, a hydrodynamical simulation of box length $100 h^{-1}$ Mpc. We find satellite anisotropy contributes at the level of $\geq 30-40\%$ to the small scale alignment correlation functions. At separations larger than $1 h^{-1}$ Mpc the impact is roughly scale-independent, inducing a shift in the amplitude of the IA power spectra of $\sim20\%$. These conclusions are consistent across the redshift range and between the MassiveBlack-II and Illustris simulations. The cosmological implications of these results are tested using a simulated likelihood analysis. Synthetic cosmic shear data is constructed with the expected characteristics (depth, area and number density) of a future LSST-like survey. Our results suggest that modelling alignments using a halo model based upon spherical symmetry could potentially induce cosmological parameter biases at the $\sim 1.5\sigma$ level for $S_8$ and $w$.
Microplastics as a new, ubiquitous pollutant: Strategies to anticipate management and advise seafood consumers

Abstract The presence of plastic marine debris in our oceans has emerged rapidly in the last few years as an environmental impact urgently in need of attention, and plastic will be a pollutant of concern for the foreseeable future. Concerns have been raised about possible adverse health impacts as a result of microplastic ingestion by marine wildlife as well as human seafood consumers, yet there is very little data to inform appropriate management actions and consumer advice. Now is the time to consider the best strategic choices for the research, management and outreach needed to address priority issues around microplastics. It is essential to treat marine plastic pollution not only as an area in need of comprehensive research and waste management solutions, but also as a permanent pollutant in order to formulate management responses similar to those for other pollutants. First, it is essential to consider developing monitoring protocols to gather important baseline information about microplastics to inform management responses. Second, targeted research is needed to identify differences in microplastic accumulation among selected species and fisheries. Third, research is needed to explore potential threshold levels of microplastics in seafood that could trigger management actions or consumer advisories. Finally, a range of model management practices to address microplastics should be considered, such as regulating inputs from wastewater, assessing what consumer advisories are needed, and taking into account localized inputs from gear used in seafood harvesting and cultivation.
Vancomycin-induced DRESS syndrome treated with systemic steroids in a 16-year-old male.

This is a case report of a 16-year-old patient with DRESS syndrome (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) associated with vancomycin who improved with systemic steroid treatment. D...
Improving oral health through dental fluoride varnish application in a primary care paediatric practice.

Dental caries affect 97% of people during their lifetime. A total of 59% of children aged 12–19 will have at least one documented cavity. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends fluoridated toothpaste to all children starting at tooth eruption, regardless of caries risk. Besides, fluoride varnish is recommended for all children every 3–6 months from tooth emergence until they have a permanent dental home. This project aimed to increase oral fluoride varnish application for children starting at 6 months or the time of tooth eruption up to 3 years of age by at least 50% over 18 months. The stakeholders identified were physicians, nurses, medical assistants and the health information team. We obtained baseline data about oral health screening and fluoride varnish from both the clinic sites. The quality improvement (QI) project was based on Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles with a 6-month gap in-between the three cycles. For the first cycle, all medical staff members participated in 2-hour knowledge and skills training on dental caries and current recommendations on fluoride varnish. PDSA cycle 2 involved having automatic reminders for providers in electronic medical records. PDSA cycle 3 planned to have automatic fluoride orders for the recommended age groups. The QI team analysed the results after every 6 months, and improvements were made based on the input from data and medical staff. The number of patients who had fluoride varnish applied increased from 14% (n=50) to 55% at the end of PDSA cycle 3. Administration of the varnish did not affect the flow of the patients in busy primary care practice. The rate of improvement was across all the age groups, providers and in both clinical sites. It is possible to adhere to the oral fluoride varnish guidelines in a busy primary care practice, which may help benefit young children who are at risk for caries.
Preparation of Macroscopic Block‐Copolymer‐Based Gyroidal Mesoscale Single Crystals by Solvent Evaporation

Properties arising from ordered periodic mesostructures are often obscured by small, randomly oriented domains and grain boundaries. Bulk macroscopic single crystals with mesoscale periodicity are needed to establish fundamental structure-property correlations for materials ordered at this length scale (10-100 nm). A solvent-evaporation-induced crystallization method providing access to large (millimeter to centimeter) single-crystal mesostructures, specifically bicontinuous gyroids, in thick films (>100 µm) derived from block copolymers is reported. After in-depth crystallographic characterization of single-crystal block copolymer-preceramic nanocomposite films, the structures are converted into mesoporous ceramic monoliths, with retention of mesoscale crystallinity. When fractured, these monoliths display single-crystal-like cleavage along mesoscale facets. The method can prepare macroscopic bulk single crystals with other block copolymer systems, suggesting that the method is broadly applicable to block copolymer materials assembled by solvent evaporation. It is expected that such bulk single crystals will enable fundamental understanding and control of emergent mesostructure-based properties in block-copolymer-directed metal, semiconductor, and superconductor materials.
Comparison of analyte identification criteria and other aspects in triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry: Case study using UHPLC-MS/MS for regulatory analysis of veterinary drug residues in liquid and powdered eggs

Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is one of the most powerful tools for the multiclass, multiresidue analysis of veterinary drugs, pesticides, mycotoxins, and other chemical contaminants in foods and other sample types. Until approximately 2010, commercial MS/MS instruments using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) were generally limited to minimum dwell (and inter-dwell) times of 10 ms per ion transition. To achieve the needed accuracy and detection limits for hundreds of targeted analytes, older UHPLC-MS/MS methods typically acquired only two ion transitions per analyte (yielding only one ion ratio for qualitative identification purposes), which is still the norm despite technological advancements. Newer instruments permit as little as 1 ms (inter-)dwell times to afford monitoring of more MRMs/analyte with minimal sacrifices in accuracy and sensitivity. In this study, quantification and identification were assessed in the validation of 169 veterinary drugs in liquid and powdered eggs. Quantitatively, an “extract-and-inject” sample preparation method yielded acceptable 70–120% recoveries and 10% false negatives decreased from 25–45 to 10–12% when using 2 vs. 3 MRMs/analyte, respectively. Use of a concentration threshold at 10% of the regulatory level as an identification criterion was also very useful to reduce rates of false positives independent of ion ratios. Based on these results, monitoring >2 ion transitions per analyte is advised when using MS/MS for analysis, independent of SANTE/12682/2019, FDA/USDA, or 2002/657/EC identification criteria. (Quant)identification results using all three criteria were similar, but the SANTE criteria were advantageous in their greater simplicity and practical ease of use.
Squeeze Film Damper Experimental and Numerical Correlation: Test Setup Description and Parameter Identification of Dry System

The process of characterizing a damper involves both experimental techniques and model simulation. Experiments characterize dynamic behavior of a system through empirical modal analysis using impact and shaker testing. The layout of the test setup is crucial for a low-mass, nonlinear system. Physical arrangement, orientation of the system, and instrumentation affect the results that are discussed in this paper. These results can be used to validate a numerical simulation of the same system. With a validated model, important physical input parameters and modeling techniques can be determined and implemented in future designs. In other words, this modeling can be used with confidence to design alternative dampers that may be difficult, costly, and time-consuming to characterize experimentally.
Determining occupation for National Violent Death Reporting System records: An evaluation of autocoding programs.

BACKGROUND Suicide is a leading cause of death for working-age adults. Suicide risk varies across occupations. The National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) collects information about violent deaths occurring in the United States. Occupation can be determined using autocoding programs with NVDRS data. The objective of this analysis is to determine the accuracy of autocoding programs for assigning occupations in the NVDRS. METHODS Deaths from suicide were identified in NVDRS for individuals age 16 and older from 2010 to 2017. Occupations were assigned after processing job description free text with autocoding programs. Job assigned by autocoding program were compared with the occupation code recorded on the death certificate. RESULTS Assignment of major occupation group had substantial agreement (Cohen's kappa > 0.7) for the two autocoding programs evaluated. Agreement of assigned code varied across race/ethnicity and occupation type. CONCLUSIONS Autocoding programs provide an efficient method for identifying the occupation for decedents in NVDRS data. By identifying occupation, circumstances of suicide and rates of suicide can be studied across occupations.
New Possibilities for Sustainability, Environmental Justice and Hope for the Commons Will Soar When Congress Acts to Create the US Department of Environment

It is time to elevate the US Environmental Protection Agency to a departmental-level agency. The new US Department of the Environment would establish a focal point and permanent, authoritative position among the Presidential Secretaries for a coherent environmental vision for the country and a transition to a sustainable, flourishing society with a hope for the commons. The 21st century challenges demand action now as climate change and environmental justice are too critical for the environment not to be an official part of the cabinet. The congress can merge the council on environmental quality (CEQ) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) into the DoE by amending certain federal environmental laws and enacting and enabling legislation with organic authority and sustainability principles. The DoE legislation must be clean and uncluttered with superfluous amendments. In addition, the legislation would establish sustainability principles, practices, guidelines and objectives for the new DoE. This paper demonstrates that a paradigm shift in US environmental governance is needed to begin moving toward sustainability and a new way of life.
Interactions of Hydroxyboron Compounds with Amino Acids and Proteins

Hydroxyboron compounds (boronic and borinic acids) act as Lewis acids and under certain conditions are able to condense with alcohols to form boroesters or react with organic acids to yield mixed anhydrides. The stability of these compounds to protic solvents is greatly enhanced by the formation of an additional coordinate bond between the boron and an appropriate nucleophilic group. As a consequence of the coordinate bond, the boron atom acquires a complete outer shell octet of electrons which allows the boron to adopt a stable tetragonal configuration. Furthermore, there is a significant contribution to the stability of the derivative provided by ring formation, with formation of a five membered ring generally being favored (Fig. 1). A study of the reaction between DPBA1 and representative compounds of biological interest has recently been published (R. Fluckiger, et al., 1984).
Reinforcement learning in the multi-robot domain

This paper describes a formulation of reinforcement learning that enables learning in noisy, dynamic environments such as in the complex concurrent multi-robot learning domain. The methodology involves minimizing the learning space through the use of behaviors and conditions, and dealing with the credit assignment problem through shaped reinforcement in the form of heterogeneous reinforcement functions and progress estimators. We experimentally validate the approach on a group of four mobile robots learning a foraging task.
Evolution of Lyman Break Galaxies beyond z = 4.

The formation rate of luminous galaxies seems to be roughly constant from z ~ 2 to ~4 from the recent observations of Lyman break galaxies (LBGs). The abundance of luminous quasars, on the other hand, appears to drop off by a factor of more than 20 from z ~ 2 to z ~ 5. The difference in evolution between the two classes of objects in the overlapping, observed redshift range (z = 2-4) can be explained naturally if we assume that quasar activity is triggered by mergers of luminous LBGs and one quasar lifetime is ~107-108 yr. If this merger scenario holds at higher redshift, for the evolutions of these two classes of objects to be consistent at z > 4, the formation rate of luminous LBGs is expected to drop off at least as rapidly as exp at z > 4.