cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical uptake as an indicator of active alveolar bone loss in untreated and surgically treated teeth in beagle dogs.

The use of bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical uptake as an indicator of “active” alveolar bone loss was assessed in six beagle dogs. Periodontal surgery was performed in one-half of the mouth in each dog in an attempt to assure a range of rates of bone loss in these animals. Radiographic and bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical uptake measurements were taken prior to treatment and during a nine month post-treatment period. A single measurement of uptake was compared to the rate of bone loss determined from repeated radiographs taken over a six month period subsequent to the uptake examination. Bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical uptake was an accurate indicator of “active” bone loss as measured radiographically six months later in 83.7% of the teeth studied.
Hormonal regulation of pulmonary surfactant

I. Introduction THE LUNGS of mammals and many other vertebrates contain surface active material in the peripheral air spaces. This material, comprised of various lipids and proteins, gives rise to a phospholipid monolayer which lines lung alveoli. The lipid monolayer stabilizes alveoli at low lung volumes, preventing collapse and allowing for normal respiration. A developmental deficiency of pulmonary surfactant in infants who are born prematurely results in respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease) of the newborn infant. This disease is characterized by progressive atelectasis, inadequate oxygenation, and eventual respiratory failure, and it is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. Regulation of lung development during fetal life has been studied extensively since 1969. In that year, Liggins (1) first demonstrated a stimulatory effect of dexamethasone infusion on lung aeration in prematurely delivered lambs. His pioneering observations have been confirmed by many...
The operations research development cycle

Abstract Numerous recent laments that operations research (OR) has lost its problem solving origins are reviewed. This study verifies these claims by examining popular introductory OR textbooks, and finds that they are overwhelmingly devoted to OR algorithms rather than the problem solving process. It is proposed that the complete Systems Development Life Cycle used in developing business information systems can serve as a suitable model for a (13-step) OR Application Development Cycle. A proposed alternate approach for the traditional “tools oriented” syllabus of the introductory OR course is modeled after the management information systems course in Systems Analysis and Design. Coverage of the complete development cycle from problem observation through complete implementation serves as the “backbone” of the course. In a broader context, it is observed that research reported in professional journals tends to report the solutions to problems, rather than the problem solving process.
Novel biomarkers in chronic heart failure

Understanding of chronic heart failure (HF) has progressed from a syndrome of disordered hemodynamics caused by alterations in the structure of the heart to one that involves intertwined molecular pathways in disarray. Accordingly, the assessment and treatment of patients with chronic HF has shifted from a focus on hemodynamics to modification of maladaptive molecular processes. Accumulating evidence shows that molecular biomarkers of disease could provide a unique window into the pathophysiology of chronic HF, potentially improving our ability to predict adverse outcomes, provide novel drug targets, and even help gauge therapeutic efficacy. The more 'traditional' biomarkers such as cardiac troponin, natriuretic peptides, and C-reactive protein have been studied in large cohorts of patients with chronic HF and have relatively established clinical applications. In this Review, we summarize the properties, clinical data, and potential applications of some emerging biomarkers that could uniquely indicate the level of biomechanical stretch, inflammation, ventricular remodeling, myocardial injury, and renal dysfunction that occurs in chronic HF. We will also discuss the potential role for these biomarkers within a multimarker-based strategy that could, in the future, lead to better care for these patients.
Cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase modulators in thyroid tissue.

A heat-stable protein which inhibits cAMP dependent protein kinase was prepared from the bovine thyroid 100,000 × g supernatant. This protein inhibited the cAMPdependent protein kinase both from bovine thyroid cytosol and bovine thyroid plasma membranes. The inhibitory effect was noncompetitive with histone as substrate of the cytosolic enzyme. The stimulatory modulator for cGMP-dependent protein kinase was separated from the 100,000 × g supernatant by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The stimulatory modulator had no stimulating effect on cAMP-dependent phosphorylation, and the inhibitory modulator of cAMP-dependent enzyme had no effect on cGMP-requiring phosphorylations. The inhibitory modulator may regulate cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity in cytosol and plasma membrane, and the stimulatory modulator for cGMP-dependent protein kinase may have a role in thyroid function independent of the cAMP-requiring system. (Endocrinology 105: 204, 1979)
Discovery of CO Gas in the Inner Disk of TW Hydrae

We report the detection of rovibrationally excited CO emission from the inner disk of the classical T Tauri star (cTTS) TW Hya. We observe ∼ g of CO gas with a rotational temperature of K. The 21 6 # 10 430 40 linearity of the excitation plot suggests that the CO is optically thin. Atypical for cTTSs, hot CO was not detected, implying that TW Hya has cleared its inner disk region out to a radial distance of ∼0.5 AU. We discuss implications for the structure of the disk as it relates to replenishment and planet formation. Subject headings: molecular data — planetary systems: protoplanetary disks — stars: individual (TW Hydrae)
Screening. The next century

Background. Screening for cervical cancer and its precursors has traditionally been performed by Papanicolaou smear. As cost considerations have become more important and as developing countries have begun to initiate screening programs, other approaches to screening have been considered. Methods. Proposed new methods potentially useful for screening for cervical cancer and its precursors were reviewed. Results. Cervical cancer screening using unaided or aided visual approaches, human papillomavirus DNA testing and typing, cervical photography, and automated Pap smear screening instruments are all potentially valuable when used alone or in combination, depending on the country. Conclusions. New techniques will make it possible to screen high risk, low-income populations for cervical cancer and its precursors and to do so more cost-effectively than is possible using conventional Western approaches. In addition, the latest technology can enhance the screening methods traditionally used in industrialized countries and can increase the positive and negative predictive value of the screening method.
Measurement of distortions in fixed partial dentures resulting from degassing

1. During the degassing phase, fixed partial dentures removed immediately when the temperature reached 1,900 degrees F (1,038 degrees C) with soldered connectors do not distort more than those with cast connectors. While not tested, heat-soaking could be expected to cause a greater amount of distortion, especially for fixed and supported partial dentures having soldered connectors. 2. Use of custom-made sagger trays giving support to long-span fixed partial dentures at the ends and within the span is desirable for both degassing and porcelain firing, regardless of whether or not the connectors are cast or soldered. 3. The accumulative amount of possible distortion resulting from soldering, degassing, and porcelain firing may be clinically significant if precautions are not affected.
Diagnosing deep vein thrombosis

In this article, we discuss the approach for diagnosing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in different patient populations. Clinical features and probability assessment guide further diagnostic tests. D-dimer testing is used as screening test; however, duplex ultrasound remains the primary confirmatory test. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are used only in select patient populations, such as when ultrasound results are equivocal, in patients suspected of central venous DVT, or as a part of combined protocol for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Contrast phlebography and plethysmography do not have much of a role during routine diagnosis of DVT.
The thickness dependence of properties of membrane protein multilayers

Abstract In biological systems, many structures are too small to be considered bulk systems, but too thick to be called surface films. An important example is the natural membrane, an approximately 80-A-thick structure that contains several layers composed of lipids and proteins. To help elucidate the properties of membranes we have studied the thickness dependence of surface and bulk properties of films of the red cell membrane endofacial proteins, spectrin and actin (S+A). Five surface properties (yield, shear resistance, potential, viscosity, and elastic modulus) show extrema or saturation effects at 50- to 80-A thickness. Two bulk properties (viscosity and elastic modulus) become independent of thickness after about 80 A (four monolayers), while the bulk residual yield decreases with thickness after one monolayer. Above one monolayer, the diffusion coefficients also increase with the thickness of the S+A film, which along with the decreasing yield indicate that succeeding layers do not pack as well as the initial layer. Many of the properties studied show maxima, minima, or the development of thickness invariance in the range between the in vivo thickness of S+A layers and the total membrane thickness. The energetics of processes involving proteins appear to be determined by the surface layer only, as judged by calculations of the equilibrium constants of hemoglobin reactions and of membrane-ligand reactions.
The infant with transposition of the great arteries. II. Results of balloon atrial septostomy.

Abstract Balloon atrial septostomy was an effective means of immediate palliation in 91 per cent of 45 infants with transposition of the great arteries. There was one death directly related to the septostomy. The over-all survival rate in this series was 74 per cent, including survivors of total correction. A total of 27 patients (60 per cent) are presently either alive or had survived until total correction, with balloon atrial septostomy as their only palliative procedure.
Control of the Interparticle Spacing in Gold Nanoparticle Superlattices

We have investigated the formation of 2-D and 3-D superlattices of Au nanoclusters synthesized in nonionic inverse micelles, and capped with alkanethiol ligands, with alkane chains ranging from C6 to C18. The thiols are found to play a significant role in the ripening of these nanoclusters, and in the formation of superlattices. Image processing techniques were developed to reliably extract from transmission electron micrographs (TEMs) the particle size distribution, and information about the superlattice domains and their boundaries. The latter permits us to compute the intradomain vector pair correlation function, from which we can accurately determine the lattice spacing and the coherent domain size. From these data the gap between the particles in the coherent domains can be determined as a function of the thiol chain length. It is found that as the thiol chain length increases, the nanoclusters become more polydisperse and larger, and the gaps between particles within superlattice domains increase. A...
Cycloaddition of carbonyl compounds on Si(100): new mechanisms and approaches to selectivity for surface cycloaddition reactions.

Density functional theory has been used to explore cycloaddition reactions of organic molecules containing carbonyl functional groups on the Si(100) surface. As with other π bonds, carbonyl groups can add to the surface by a [2+2] cycloaddition with negligible activation barrier, as previously shown through experiment. However, the present calculations indicate that 1,2-dicarbonyls, such as glyoxal, may also react by means of a [4+2] addition to form a hetero-Diels−Alder product in which the organic ring stands normal to the surface. Calculations of [2+2] and [4+2] pathways indicate that both reactions proceed without significant barriers. This reactivity is analogous to that of conjugated dienes, in which evidence for both reactions has been observed. In contrast to unsaturated alkyl systems, which must react through the π electron system, the reactions of carbonyls may proceed through a very different mechanism, in which the initial surface interaction is through the oxygen lone pair. The presence of lo...
Semi-local localizations of rings and subdirect decompositions of modules

Let M denote a module category, let A and B be objects of M, and assume EndM(A) possesses a classical right ring of quotients QA. The goal of this paper is to describe the finitely generated projective right QA modules in terms of certain subdirect decompositions (called marginal decompositions) of An, for integers n. The idea is to abstract the category QAb of quasi-isomorphisms of torsion-free abelian groups to a noncommutative setting. We then investigate Azumaya-Krull-Schmidt uniqueness theorems for marginal decompositions of A. Applications include an exchange result and a classification of those A for which QA is a semisimple ring.
A polymorphism linked to elevated levels of interferon-γ is associated with an increased risk of cytomegalovirus disease among Caucasian lung transplant recipients at a single center.

Background Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with active cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections after lung transplantation have not been identified. Methods SNPs associated with varying levels of interferon (IFN)-γ (+874T/A), tumor necrosis factor-α (−308G/A), interleukin-10 (−1082G/A, −819C/T, −592C/A) and interleukin-6 (−174G/C) were characterized for 170 Caucasian lung transplant recipients who received alemtuzumab induction and valganciclovir prophylaxis against CMV. Results Patients were followed for a median of 34 months post-transplant, and 66% (113 of 170), 24% (40 of 170) and 10% (17 of 170) had no CMV infection, CMV viremia and CMV disease, respectively. Median times to CMV viremia and disease were 7 and 10 months, respectively. For each gene, there was no significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Independent risk factors for the development of CMV disease were IFN-γ +874 T/T genotype (associated with high levels of IFN-γ production), CMV donor-positive/recipient-negative (D + /R − ) serostatus and acute cellular rejection requiring augmented immunosuppression ( p = 0.001, 0.003 and 0.049, respectively). The association between IFN-γ +874 T/T genotype and CMV disease was most striking among R + patients ( p = 0.02). D + /R − serostatus was also a significant risk factor for CMV viremia ( p = 0.0005). IFN-γ +874 T/T genotype was associated with significantly lower peak CMV viral loads ( p = 0.03). There were no associations between tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-10 or interleukin-6 SNPs and CMV infections. Conclusion A genetic predisposition to elevated IFN-γ levels may play a dual role in controlling active CMV infection among lung transplant recipients receiving alemtuzumab induction and valganciclovir prophylaxis, limiting the extent of viral replication in serum but increasing the risk of CMV disease.
Why did the moving to opportunity experiment not get young people into better schools

Educational failure is one of the costliest and most visible problems associated with ghetto poverty. We explore whether housing assistance that helps low-income families move to better neighborhoods can also improve access to good schools. Research on the Gautreaux housing desegregation program indicated significant, long-term educational benefits, yet results from the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment showed no measurable impacts on school outcomes for the experimental group. We use interviews and ethnographic fieldwork to explore this puzzle. Most MTO families did not relocate to communities with substantially better schools, and those who did often moved again after a few years. Where parents had meaningful school choices, these were typically driven by poor information obtained from insular social networks or by cultural logic centered on avoiding ghetto-type school insecurity and disorder, not garnering academic opportunity. Those factors may not shift if poor families with less educated parents are served by a relocation-only strategy.
Home-based care for heart failure: Cleveland Clinic's "Heart Care at Home" transitional care program.

With length of hospital stay for heart failure patients steadily decreasing, the home has become an increasingly important venue of care. Contemporary research suggests that postacute, home-based care of patients with chronic heart failure may yield outcomes similar to those of clinic-based outpatient care. However, the transition to home-based care is associated with a number of risks. Indeed, these patients often experience a downward cycle of repeat hospitalization and worsening functional capacity. In 2010, a group at Cleveland Clinic launched the “Heart Care at Home” program in order to minimize the risks that patients experience both when being transitioned to home and when being cared for at home. This program joins a handful of transitional care programs that have been discussed in the medical literature.
Gender and International Labor Standards in the World Economy

This paper examines the debate on labor standards between neoclassicals and institutionalists from a feminist perspective and elaborates on some key elements of a feminist approach to labor standards. It argues that both neoclassical and institutionalists share a gender-based definition of labor. Rejecting the notion that upward harmonization can be achieved by reliance on deregulated markets or labor standard regulation alone, the feminist perspective calls for new approaches to policy and politics.
Measurements of Unsteady Aeroelastic Model Deformation by Stereo Photogrammetry

Stereo photogrammetry measurements of the deformation of simple, flat-plate, clipped delta wings that were undergoing aeroelastic oscillations in transonic flow are described. The measurements were made in High Reynolds number Channel 2 at NASA Ames Research Center. Two types of aeroelastic responses were measured: 1) highly damped responses in which the tip of the model was deflected and then released at subcritical dynamic pressures; and 2) responses excited by perturbations in the flow as the dynamic pressure was slowly increased until the model became unstable. The model was imaged by three synchronized black-and-white video cameras, and the data were recorded on videotape. Correlated images from two of these cameras were used to estimate the space coordinates of reference marks on the model at each instant, and the motion of each mark was estimated by fitting the deflection data with a damped sinusoid. The resulting estimates of the frequency and damping of the first-bending-mode oscillations compared favorably with strain-gauge measurements. A large increase in the phase difference between motions of the leading and the trailing edges was observed just before the models became unstable.
Parameters of improvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with cyclophosphamide

Nine patients with rheumatoid arthritis were treated with cyclophosphamide. A significant decrease in joint score was seen in 8 patients after 2 months of treatment. At this time there were significant decreases in the monocyte and small lymphocyte counts. Leukopenia was not observed nor were significant changes in other common laboratory parameters observed at this time. Significant decreases in immunoglobulin levels occurred only after 10 months of treatment. Total depletion of small lymphocytes occurred in 7 of 9 patients at 33 weeks. These findings suggest that improvement on cyclophosphamide may be related to decreases in circulating small lymphocytes and monocytes and that levels of these cells in blood rather than the development of leukopenia be used as a guide to dosage.
Corruption in Asia: Pervasiveness and arbitrariness

How does one understand the differences and similarities of corruption among various Asian countries? We use a recent framework developed by Rodriguez, Uhlenbruck, and Eden (2005) to suggest that corruption has to be examined from two different dimensions: pervasiveness and arbitrariness. Using this framework, we ask why some Asian countries are able to achieve high levels of economic growth in the midst of high level corruption while other countries suffer from economic stagnation. We specifically suggest that more firms would bribe when pervasiveness is high, while fewer firms would bribe when arbitrariness is high. We also look into the implications on foreign direct investment.
Factors that allow a high level of speech understanding by patients fit with cochlear implants.

Three factors account for the high level of speech understanding in quiet enjoyed by many patients fit with cochlear implants. First, some information about speech exists in the time/amplitude enve...
Structural characteristics of diproline: a new crystal form of tBoc-Pro-Pro-OH

The structure of a new crystalline form of tBoc-Pro-Pro-OH (C15 H24 N2 O5) has been determined. The crystals were monoclinic, P2(1), a = 14.667(5), b = 16.600(4), c = 15.502(3) A, beta = 117.84(2) degrees, V = 3337.2 A3 and Z = 8, Dc = 1.24 g/cm3. There are four molecules in the asymmetric unit, each displaying polyproline-type structure but differing in the proline pucker. All four molecules display a twist conformation in the first proline ring, with molecules A, B and C being beta gamma T (P approximately 183 degrees, tau approximately 33 for A and B, tau approximately 18 for C) and molecule D between gamma beta T and gamma E (P = 10 degrees, tau approximately 38). The second residue of all four molecules has an envelope conformation. Molecules A and B display an alpha E conformation (P approximately 126 degrees, tau approximately 25) and molecules C and D display a beta E conformation (P approximately 168 degrees, tau approximately 37). The molecules are hydrogen-bonded (O...OH), forming helical channels along the alpha-axis.
A Re-entry Control Effectiveness Methodology for the Space Shuttle Orbiter

An analytical methodology based on the Lees-Klineberg moment integral theory for two-dimensional, laminar, hypersonic viscous interaction has been developed to evaluate the aerodynamic control surface effectiveness of hypersonic winged vehicles, such as the Space Shuttle Orbiter, during high-angle-of-attack reentry. A quasi-three-di mensional approach, i.e., a strip analysis of the vehicle planform, is used. Computed incremental aerodynamic coefficients produced by flap/elevon deflections of the Space Shuttle Orbiter correlate very favorably with wind-tunnel test data. Qualitative control effectiveness trends due to the effects of wall cooling, Reynolds number, and finite control surface chord length are discussed.
Comparative studies of the feeding of fluorides as they occur in purified bone meal powder, defluorinated phosphate and sodium fluoride, in dogs.

Recent interest in fluorine compounds can be traced primarily to the important observations which follow: (a) The presence of 1 part per million of fluorine in drinking water produces a very mild type of dental fluorosis in about 10% of the population if the fluorine is consumed during the period of the calcification of the teeth. On the other hand, the incidence of dental caries is less in communities with water supplies containing certain levels of fluorine. One part per million of fluorine as sodium fluoride will be added to water supplies in at least 3 different American cities to determine if there is a reduction in the incidence of dental caries. (b) Excessive fluorine has been found in phosphatic mineral supplements which are fed to farm animals and added to the soil as a source of calcium and phosphorus. (c) Specially prepared bone flour containing fluorine has been recommended and used to a limited extent as a source of calcium and phosphorus in the diet of children and pregnant women. (d) In the United States, fluorine compounds (cryolite and barium fluosilicate) are used as insecticidal sprays for fruits and vegetables. (e) Fluorides are employed in the studies of the intermediate metabolism of carbohydrates in animal tissues and micro-organisms. General reviews on this subject have been prepared by De Eds (3), McClure (18), Roholm (22, 23), Peirce (21), and Greenwood (13). Publications (7, 8, 9) dealing more specifically with the relation of fluorine to dental health summarize the work of several investigators in this field. Barrentine, Maynard and Loosli (1), Fraser, Hoppe, Sullivan and Smith (10), and Ellis, Cabell, Elmslie, Fraps, Phillips and Williams (5) have recently made nutritive evaluations of defluorinated phosphate as the primary source of calcium and phosphorus in the diet of rats. Bird, Mattingly, Titus, Hammond, Kellogg, Clarke, Weakley and Van Landingham (2) have made a similar study of defluorinated phosphate supplements in the diet of chicks. Shrewsbury and Vestal (24) have reported a comparative study of different phosphate supplements in the
Interatrial block: correlation with P-terminal force.

Background and Hypothesis Interatrial block (IAB: P-duration > 100 ms) is poorly recognized in hospital populations. In addition to reduced left atrial function and left atrial enlargement it predicts atrial fibrillation and other arrthymias. P-terminal force (Ptf): ± biphasic P in lead V1 ≥ area of 1 small square on the electrocardiogram (ECG) grid also indicates left atrial abnormality, particularly left atrial enlargement. These 2 should be related. We determined the intercorrelation. Methods and Results Two blinded observers evaluated 500 consecutive patients' ECGs for both Ptf and IAB utilizing all 12 leads for IAB and V1 for Ptf. Measurement differences were resolved in a consensus conference. Among 482 usable ECGs, IAB and Ptf were strongly and significantly correlated (χ2 = 68.041; P≤.001). Conclusion IAB and Ptf are significantly and strongly correlated and one should be expected in the majority of cases when the other is recognized. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anomalous propagation of gauge fields in conformally flat spaces

Abstract Gauge invariant spin 3 2 and 2 fields in (anti-) de Sitter space propagate inside as well as on the null cone. This is also true for antisymmetric tensor gauge fields and ( D ≠ 4) phitins. In each case, there exist gauge variant but Wey invariant models with purely null cone support.
Simulated dynamics of Ne@C60 aggregates beyond dissociation

Molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations are utilized to better understand the dynamics of small (N = 5) endohedral Ne@C60 aggregates. Multiple runs at various temperatures are used to increase the reliability of our statistics. The aggregate holds together until somewhere between T = 1150 and 1200 K, where it dissociates, showing no intermediate sign of melting or fullerene disintegration. When the temperature is increased to around T = 4000 K, the encapsulated neon atoms begin to leave the aggregate, with the fullerene molecules still remaining intact. At temperatures near T = 4400 K, thermal disintegration of the fullerenes preempts the aggregate dissociation. Above this temperature neon atoms are more quickly released and the fullerenes form a larger connected structure, with bonding taking place in atom pairs from different original fullerene molecules. Escape constants and half lives are calculated for the temperature range 4000 K ≤ T ≤ 5000 K. The agreements and disagreements of results of this...
The relationship between Reineke's stand-density index and physical stem mechanics

Abstract Data from 358 plots from long-term, growth-and-yield studies established in loblolly pine plantations were used to test the hypothesis that the value of Reineke's stand-density index (SDI) represents the amount of bending stress generated in the stems by wind action on the canopy. By assuming constant bending stress in stems as a function of height and a linear relationship between canopy depth and mean tree spacing, SDI can be expressed in terms of foliage density (leaf area per unit volume of space, F), mean live-crown ratio (Cr), and canopy depth (Cd). The equation is SDI = a[F(1/Cr − 0.5)0.53Cd0.12, where a is a constant. Foliage density was calculated as leaf area index divided by canopy depth. An initial test of the equation was conducted by fitting the model SDI = β0[F(1/Cr − 0.5)βstaggered1 to the growth-and-yield data. The factor Cd was not included in the model because of its mathematical relationship to F. The fitted equation explained 76% of the variation in SDI and estimated β1 as 0.51, which was not significantly different from the derived exponent, 0.53. Residuals from the fitted equation were unbiased with respect to foliage density and mean live-crown ratio. Further analysis revealed that species variation in maximum values of SDI increased linearly with decreasing wood specific gravity, providing additional evidence that density indexes are related to physical stem mechanics.
Liver protein synthesis. Molecular weight distribution of pulse-labeled polypeptide chains in normal and thyroidectomized rats.

Abstract Equations are presented for determination of elongation rate in vivo for a heterogeneous population of polypeptide chain molecular weights. The distribution of pulse-labeled polypeptide chains in rat liver deoxycholate-soluble protein has been obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis and used to compute a theoretical curve for determination of synthesis time of a 50 000 mol. wt. polypeptide chain ( t c 50 ). Values of t c 50 for normal and thyro-parathyroidectomized Long-Evans male rats were 1.2 and 1.75 min, respectively, representing protein synthetic rates of about 7.5 and 5.1 mg protein/g liver/h. No difference in the molecular weight profile of liver polypeptide chains on the basis of labeling or Amido-black staining was observed between the two groups. The distributions of radioactivity before and after secretion of labeled plasma protein are compared. The role of protein-synthetic rate in the changing enzyme levels associated with thyroid hormone is discussed.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SENSE OF COMMUNITY AMONG STUDENTS ON RELIGIOUS COLLEGIATE CAMPUSES IN THE CHRISTIAN EVANGELICAL TRADITION

The current study sought to identify factors which contribute to Psychological Sense of Community (PSC) among students on religious collegiate campuses within the Christian Evangelical tradition. The researchers examined responses from 596 undergraduate students at 11 Christian colleges and universities nationwide. The results support the viability of a new PSC construct in the religious collegiate campus setting. More specifically, the results suggest the possibility of a religious PSC construct (PSCALL) that contains elements of Lounsbury and DeNeui's (1995) 14-item PSC scale but also items contextualized to a religious collegiate setting. Significant PSCALL differences were identified in the following areas: spiritual well-being, religious commitment, minority/non-minority status, living arrangement, major, and class level. Contrary to previous studies in the secular college campus setting, PSCALL differences in gender could not be identified. This study extends previous research on PSC in general and ...
Conserved classes of homeodomains in Schistosoma mansoni, an early bilateral metazoan.

Abstract Genes containing a homeobox can be divided into classes based on the distinctive peptide sequences of their diverged homeodomains. Many of these classes, including Antennapedia, engrailed and paired, are strongly conserved in higher multicellular animals, but have not previously been found in platyhelminths, the flatworms which represent the most primitive bilateral metazoans. We have screened cDNA libraries of the platyhelminth Schistosoma mansoni using a degenerate oligonucleotide derived from the third helix of the homeodomain, and have identified numerous schistosome homeobox-containing sequences, including members of the Antennapedia, engrailed and paired classes. The schistosome homeodomain sequences are more similar to the higher animals sequences in their respective classes than they are to each other, indicating that the establishment of these three distinctive classes is at least as ancient as the flatworms. Our data suggest that the ancestral functions of the Antennapedia, tengrailed and paired classes involve fundamental features of all bilateral metazoan development. The putative full-length coding sequence of the S. mansoni en homologue is presented.
The management of malignant gliomas with radiation therapy: Therapeutic results and research strategies

I t is estimated that in 1991, 16,700 new cases of primary central nervous system tumors will be diagnosed in the United States, and that 11,500 patients will succumb to their disease.’ Malignant gliomas comprise 33% to 45% of primary brain tumors,2’3 and of these, nearly 85% are glioblastoma multiforme.2’4 The 1980 patterns of care survey for brain tumor patients conducted by the Joint Section on Central Nervous System Tumors of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and Congress of Neurological Surgeons and the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer found that the 5-year survival rate for patients with anaplastic astrocytomas was 18%, while it was only 5% for those with glioblastoma multiforme.* With few exceptions, there has been little improvement in the outcome of patients with malignant gliomas over the past decade. Prospective clinical studies have shown both the efficacy and the shortcomings of conventional radiation therapy in the treatment of malignant gliomas.5,6 The response of these lesions to standard radiotherapeutic techniques is limited by their striking inherent radioresistance’ and the radiosensitivity of the surrounding normal brain tissue.’ In addition to pursuing more effective chemotherapy programs, research strategies have focused on methods designed to enhance the effectiveness of external irradiation using hypoxic cell radiosensitizers, halogenated pyrimidine analogs, and altered fractionation schemes, or to selectively augment the tumor dose using interstitial brachytherapy. Single-institution and cooperative group studies using these approaches are now in progress. This review examines
Correlation of an abnormal rest 201Tl myocardial image: Pathological findings in cardiac transplant recipients

Rest myocardial 201Tl scintigraphy was undertaken in 15 males mean age 39 years (22–54) who had been accepted for cardiac transplantation. Complete pathological correlation was obtained in 14 after transplantation and in 1 who died before a suitable donor heart became available. The average time from scintigraphy to pathological evaluation was 42 days (9–103). All the 201Tl images were grossly abnormal and on the basis of these studies it was not possible to differentiate ischemic from idiopathic cardiomyopathy. Each of the three views of the 201Tl study was divided into three segments, therefore 135 areas were available for comparison (3×3×15). Eighty-eight of these were abnormal on scan and 78 of these were abnormal pathologically. The right ventricle was seen on all rest images but the degree of uptake bore no relationship to the measured thickness of the right ventricular wall. Structures such as the atrial wall and the enlarged papillary muscle were visualized in some patients. In two patients there was an improvement of the rest 201Tl image in delayed views and histologically these areas showed a mixture of muscle and fibrous tissue. The sensitivity of 201Tl imaging in this study was 89% and there was close correlation of the images with gross and microscopic pathological findings.
Effects of catecholamines upon serum FFA levels in normal and diabetic goldfish, Carassius auratus L.

Abstract 1. 1. Epinephrine (10 μg/kg) or norepinephrine (100 μg/kg) significantly lowers serum FFA levels in normal goldfish 30 min to 3 hr postinjection. These serum FFA levels return to control levels 6 hr postinjection. 2. 2. As epinephrine (100 μg/kg) or glucose (750 μg/kg) fails to alter serum FFA levels in diabetic goldfish (streptozotocin, 100 mg/kg), catecholamine induced serum FFA level decreases appear to be insulin dependent. Goldfish adipose tissue FFA mobilization appears to be unaffected by these sympathetic hormones. 3. 3. Epinephrine produces significant hematocrit decreases.
Rethinking the use of concrete materials in learning: Perspectives from development and education

Abstract— The idea that concrete materials benefit children’s learning has a long history in developmental psychology and education, dating back to M. Montessori (1917), J. Piaget (1970), and J. S. Bruner (1966). Too often, however, scholars use these traditional views to give concrete materials a blanket endorsement. The articles in this issue go beyond traditional views and advance our understanding of the conditions under which students do and do not benefit from using concrete materials. They suggest that some processes involved in using concrete objects are not restricted to children of a certain age but rather apply across ages. They also highlight the need for systematic investigations into the type and amount of direction students need when working with concrete materials in the classroom.
Turn-taking in mother-adolescent conversations about sexuality and conflict

The current study examined the nature and style of mother-adolescent conversations, how these conversations differ by subject matter, and dyadic and individual differences. Thirty-one mother-adolescent dyads (17 boys, 14 girls) with a child between the ages of 11 and 14 had a nonstructured conversation, and conversations about conflict and sexuality. They also completed questionnaires on beliefs about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Conversations were measured for turn taking, total number of words, and conversational dominance, as well as nonverbal measures of affiliation, shame, and contempt. Conversations about sexuality involved less turn taking, fewer words, and more mother dominance than nonstructured conversations. Conversations about conflicts involved less turn taking but more words than nonstructured conversations. Some gender and age differences were found. More interactive conflict conversations contained higher levels of affiliation, and lower levels of child shame than conversations with fewer turns or higher mother dominance. In addition, children in more interactive dyads possessed a larger percentage of their mother's AIDS knowledge, and worried about AIDS a moderate amount.
The emergence of modern-like forager capacities & behaviors in Africa and Europe: Abrupt or gradual, biological or demographic?

It is increasingly difficult to defend the existence of an absolute, abrupt break between “simple” MSA/Middle Paleolithic (Mode 3) technologies or human adaptions on the one hand and those of a more “complex” or “modern” LSA/Upper Paleolithic on the other hand. What went on during both blocks of cultural time was far from uniformity or stasis–quite to the contrary. Cultural evolution, as a long, drawn-out, mosaic process, must be disentangled from the question of the purely European replacement of the Neandertals by African-originated Homo sapiens idaltu/sapiens. A brief review of the African and European records points to the arbitrariness of the so-called Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition and to the notion of unilineal cultural evolution. The utility of the “transition” idea is as questionable as is the reality and homogeneity of the MSA/MP and LSA/UP culture-stratigraphic constructs. Variability is more relevant than essentialism in the study of any Paleolithic cultural adaptations; the notion of change with considerable continuity is more appropriate to describe what was going on throughout the late Upper Pleistocene than saltation. Demographic factors are probably more important in understanding many of the important changes that characterized the last 50-70,000 years of the Pleistocene than putative advances in human capacities-- mental and linguistic. The growth of human populations during MIS 3 seems to have led to increasingly complex technologies, subsistence intensification, burgeoning social relations mediated through symbolic behavior with material manifestations in “art” and personal ornamentation. The time has come to really acknowledge and grapple with complexity (e.g., multilineality, non-directionality, regional and functional variation) in the development of “modern-type” hunting-gathering adaptations among humans throughout the Old World during the last phases of the Paleolithic, regardless of the 19th-early 20th century labels archeologists may still use to describe classic culture-stratigraphic subdivisions.
Direct observation of hydrogen spillover in Ni-loaded Pr-doped ceria

In situ studies on reduction processes in praseodymium-doped ceria and nickel-loaded doped ceria nanoparticles have been investigated using environmental transmission electron microscopy. The presence of pit-like defects on the oxide nanoparticles resulted in amorphization during reduction. Hydrogen-spillover in nickel-loaded praseodymium-doped ceria (PDC) was directly observed. Localized reduction of ceria in a H2 atmosphere was observed and attributed to gas–nickel–ceria interactions at the three-phase boundary. The spatial extent of the localized reduction zones was experimentally determined. The spillover mechanism is discussed in terms of surface diffusion properties of atomic hydrogen and oxygen species.
Power system voltage stability and security assessment

Abstract The purpose of this investigation is to review the recent research progress in voltage stability and security assessment of power systems. This paper presents the fundamental concepts of voltage stability, gives a short recall of the classical voltage theory and different criteria currently available for predicting voltage collapse problems in power systems, which have been associated with multiple power flow solutions, bifurcation, dynamics of tap changers, stochastic loads, singular values, etc. The various methods for studying voltage collapse are compared. The application of expert system techniques to assist in the decision-making process of the reactive power/voltage control problem of power systems and future research directions towards voltage stability and security assessment will also be proposed in this paper.
Bilirubin inhibition of enzymes involved in the mitochondrial malate-aspartate shuttle

Abstract The effect of increasing bilirubin concentrations upon the catalytic activity of a series of dehydrogenases and aminotransferases was examined. The particular enzymes were chosen to examine the effect of bilirubin upon the activity of enzymes responsible for the indirect transfer of reducing equivalents across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Malate dehydrogenase was inhibited at very low concentrations of bilirubin and showed competitive inhibition with respect to coenzyme of 2 μM, while the cytosolic form of this enzyme exhibited a 15 μM inhibition constant. Cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was not appreciably inhibited by bilirubin. Both the mitochondrial and cytosolic forms of aspartate aminotransferase showed moderate competitive bilirubin inhibition with respect to substrates with a K i of 30 μM with respect to 2-oxoglutarate and a K i of 80 μM with respect to aspartate. Preincubation studies indicated that inhibition was reversible for all enzymes examined. These results are interpreted in terms of the inhibition of the malate-aspartate shuttle by relatively low concentrations of bilirubin.
Social influence constrained by the heritability of attitudes

Abstract Previous work by Tesser (1993) and Bourgeois (2002) found that heritable attitudes are more resistant to social influence and attitude change. The present study sought to replicate and extend previous work by utilizing attitudes and heritability estimates not previously used in studies examining the effect of heritable attitudes on social influence processes. It was hypothesized that attitudes with higher heritability estimates would change less after group discussion relative to attitudes with lower heritability estimates. As predicted, highly heritable attitudes did show greater resistance to social influence in the context of group discussion. The present findings add further support to the notion that attitude heritability is an important element of attitude change and extend previous work through the study of novel attitudes and heritability estimates.
A note on the Tobit likelihood function

Abstract The likelihood functions for several econometric models are unbounded over certain sequences in parameter space. Examples are the disequilibrium model, the conditional logit model and a certain type of switching regression model. We show how a similar difficulty may arise in the Tobit model but that the presence of this anomaly becomes less likely as sample size increases.
A Keystroke Biometric Systemfor Long-Text Input

A novel keystroke biometric system for long-text input was developed and evaluated for user identification and authentication applications. The system consists of a Java applet to collect raw keystroke data over the Internet, a feature extractor, and pattern classifiers to make identification or authentication decisions. Experiments on more than 100 participants investigated two input modesA¢â¬"copy and free-textA¢â¬"and two keyboard typesA¢â¬"desktop and laptop. The system can accurately identify or authenticate individuals if the same type of keyboard is used to produce the enrollment and questioned input samples. Longitudinal experiments quantified performance degradation over intervals of several weeks and two years. Additional experiments investigated the systemA¢â¬TMs hierarchical model, parameter settings, assumptions, and sufficiency of enrollment samples and input-text length. Although evaluated on input texts up to 650 keystrokes, the authors found that input of 300 keystrokes, roughly four lines of text, is sufficient for the important applications described.
Vibration-Rotation Line Strengths Of The Gas-Phase Oh Radical

Absorption line strengths have been measured at 295 K for the first time for four vibration-rotation transitions of the OH radical, using a tunable, infrared diode-laser in conjunction with a molecular modulation spectrometer. A periodically varying OH concentration was created by photolysis, using a sinusoidally modulated 2537-A Hg lamp, of a flowing mixture of O3 and H2O contained within a quartz-walled White cell. The modulated absorption owing to the OH radical was subsequently observed by phase-sensitive detection. The absolute modulation amplitude of the OH number density was obtained by numerical simulation of the complete time-dependent photochemical system. The strongest transition measured was at 3407.607 kaysers, with a strength of 3.3 + or - 1.5 x 10 to the -20th per(cm molecule) sq cm.