cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetic studies on the interactions of heparin and complement proteins using surface plasmon resonance

Heparin is a naturally occurring polysaccharide known to interact with complement proteins and regulate multiple steps in the complement cascade. Quantitative information, in the form of affinity constants for heparin-complement interactions, is not generally available and there are no reports of a comprehensive analysis using the same interaction method. Such information should improve our understanding of how exogenously administered pharmaceutical heparin and the related endogenous polysaccharide, heparan sulfate, regulate complement activation. The current study provides the first comprehensively analysis of the binding of various complement proteins to heparin using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Complement proteins C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C1INH, factor I, factor H, factor B and factor P all bind heparin but exhibit different binding kinetics and dissociation constants (Kd) ranging from 2 to 320 nM. By taking into account these Kd values and the serum concentrations of these complement proteins, the percentage of each binding to exogenously administered heparin was calculated and found to range from 2% to 41%. This study provides essential information required for the rational design of new therapeutic agents capable of regulating the complement activation.
P02.157. Dose-response of spinal manipulation for low back pain: outside care outcomes from a randomized clinical trial

Methods Four hundred participants with cLBP were randomized to 4 doses (n = 100/group). Participants were seen three times per week for six weeks, receiving 0, 6, 12, or 18 sessions of SMT, and a light massage control on visits without manipulation. Data were collected until 52 weeks after randomization. Outside care outcomes included prescription and non-prescription use, and treatments outside of the study including the following healthcare providers: chiropractor, primary care physician, surgeon, neurologist, psychiatrist, naturopath/ homeopath, nurse practitioner, acupuncturist, physical therapist / occupational therapist, or massage therapist. Preliminary analysis used the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test of categorized data as appropriate.
Soil microbial activity under different grass species: Underground impacts of biofuel cropping

Abstract Microbial and plant communities interact to determine local nutrient cycling rates. As lands are converted to bioenergy crops, including corn and cellulosic grasses, focus has been on changes in soil carbon sequestration. Little attention has been paid to impacts of such land conversion on the activity of belowground communities. We hypothesized that in addition to affecting soil organic carbon (SOC), monoculture species establishments have appreciable effects on microbial community activity, as evidenced by N and C mineralization rates. We compared soil microbial response in soils under long-term corn (Zea mays L.) production to soils under 10-year old monocultures of four warm-season perennial grasses (switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), coastal bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers.], sideoats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michaux) Torrey] and buffalo grass [Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) Columbus]). All assayed perennial systems had higher SOC and water extractable organic C (WEOC) than the annual corn system. However, of all the perennial grasses, switchgrass soils had the lowest SOC and WEOC values, and the lowest 28-day C and N mineralization rates. This study indicates that soil microbial activities under buffalograss stands are more active than those under sideoats grama, switchgrass, coastal bermudagrass, or corn.
Metal-oxide-semiconductor instability produced by electron-beam evaporation of Aluminum gates

The production of defect states in the oxide of MOS capacitors during the electron-beam metallization process was identified as the cause of the threshold voltage instability experienced at elevated temperatures with negative bias on the gate. Both n- and p-type silicon substrates,
Monoclonal Antibody (mAb)-Based Biotherapy Options for B-lineage Non- Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)

Copyright: © 2013 Uckun FM. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. In recent years new biotherapy options have emerged for patients with B-lineage Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL). A series of novel mAbs with specificity for a variety of surface antigens are currently under evaluation. These include anti-CD20 mAb (ofatumumab, veltuzumab, ocrelizumab, ocaratuzumab, obinutuzumab, ublituximab), antiCD19 mAb (MOR208), anti-CD22 mAbs (epratuzumab, inotuzumab ozogamicin) and anti-CD16/CD30 mAb (TandAb® AFM13) [1-12].
Experimental Issues in Sentence Comprehension : Complexity and Segmentation

Questions about the order of processing events during speech perception are among the most interesting and challenging in the psychology of language. Relating segmentation strategies to computational effort appears to be a possible approach to a difficult area. If we knew where processing takes place and where it is held in abeyance, we would have some basis for inferring what kinds of information are needed by the recognition system for the projection of grammatical structures. Knowing what kinds of structures are, in fact, inferred by the hearer at given points in the sentence would help us to refine our guesses about the function of specific kinds of information (e.g., acoustic, phonetic, lexical, etc.).
Supplier improvement via SPC applications workshops

To fill the gap between basic classroom courses and help bring suppliers to a Six Sigma level, the Supply Management Quality Assurance organization developed the concept of SPC applications workshops. These workshops combine classroom training with actual hands on applications using the supplier's process as the training materials. This leaves the supplier with an understanding of how to implement the tools for 'his' process. Each workshop is designed to meet the needs of the supplier as well as to provide Motorola with essential data for evaluating the capability of a supplier to produce product to meet Motorola's need. Each workshop contains several basic elements which are common to all: problem definition, measurement capability studies, multi-vari analysis, process capability analysis, correlation analysis, and the development of data collection and reporting format. The author discusses the methodology for performing an applications workshop. >
Capacity and Practical Implications of Driven Bearing H-Pile Design Using ASTM A572 Grade 50 Steel

AbstractSteel H-piles (HP shapes) are most commonly available as ASTM A572 Grade 50 material, having a nominal yield strength of Fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa). However, until fairly recently, HP shapes were typically available as ASTM A36 shapes, for which Fy = 36 ksi (248 MPa). Many state DOT provisions for driven piles continue to base design structural capacity calculations on the lower yield stress. In this paper, a parametric study investigating the impact of increasing the yield capacity from Fy = 36 ksi to Fy = 50 ksi on design structural capacity and driving analysis of steel H-piles is presented. Results of the parametric study indicate that the AASHTO-permitted pile capacity of 0.5 AgFy is not achievable without a reduction in the required overstrength factor of 2 (based on assessing driveability by wave analysis only), and even then, this capacity may only be achievable for smaller pile sections. Driving piles to the maximum permitted driving stress of 0.90 Fy = 45 ksi (310 MPa) resulted in pile capaci...
Cattle grazing and grassland birds in the northern tallgrass prairie

With the loss of over 70% of North America's grasslands (Samson et al. 2004), grassland birds increasingly rely on habitat that is privately owned and managed for livestock production. Therefore, it is critical to understand how livestock grazing influences grassland bird abundance and community structure. We evaluated the response of 4 obligate grassland bird species to grazing intensity, vegetation structure, ecological site description, and burning across a landscape including pastures with no recent grazing to pastures experiencing grazing intensities similar to that for private livestock production operations. We evaluated models using a binomial N-mixture model implemented in the R package unmarked. Overall, 3 of the 4 obligate species included positive relationships with grazing intensity in the top abundance model (i.e., grasshopper sparrow [Ammodramus savannarum], bobolink [Dolichonyx oryzivorus], and upland sandpiper [Bartramia longicauda]), suggesting the range of grazing intensities evaluated (0–4.57 animal months/ha) did not negatively affect the abundance of these species. Marbled godwit (Limosa fedoa) abundance, however, was higher with greater variability in litter depth but was not directly related to grazing intensity. Finally, the effect of year was correlated with decreasing precipitation over the course of the study and had the greatest influence on community composition with some community separation by grazing intensity. Our results suggest that cattle grazing can positively influence the abundance of some grassland bird species but annual variation in weather patterns can influence community composition at sites regardless of management decisions. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Inhalation Toxicology of Trimethylamine

AbstractTrimethylamine (TMA) is a pungent gas that occurs in nature and has many industrial applications, including use as an intermediate in the manufacture of many chemicals. The lowest lethal concentration following a single 4-h inhalation exposure was determined to be 3500 ppm. Croups of 70 male rats each were then exposed by nose-only inhalation 6 h/d, 5 d/wk for 2 wk to either 0 (control), 75, 250, or 750 ppm TMA. Rats were sacrificed either immediately following exposure or following a 14-d recovery period. Parameters investigated included in-life observations and body weights, clinical pathology, and histopathology with organ weights. Exposure to 750 ppm produced a decreased rate of weight gain in rats. Evidence of mild, reversible, polycytnemia was also seen in these rats. Effects of TMA were present in the nose, trachea, and lungs. Degenerative changes in the nose were reversible at 75 ppm, but not at 250 or 750 ppm. Mild emphysematous alveoli were seen in lungs of rats exposed to 750 ppm immedi...
Immunologic Abnormalities Accompanying Acute and Chronic Viral Infections

A number of viral infections induce profound alterations in immune function; these changes may or may not be related to direct infection of lymphoid cells. The immunologic abnormalities that occur during acute systemic viral infections such as measles or infectious mononucleosis include suppression of responses to tuberculin skin tests in vivo and suppression of mitogen responses in vitro, evidence of activation of the immune system with up-regulation of activation-associated cell-surface markers and soluble cellular products, and evidence of altered immune regulation with autoimmune disease and elevated IgE. These abnormalities are likely to be interrelated and can become chronic when the viral infection is not cleared and persists.
Synthetic Diamond, Its Properties and Synthesis

The synthesis of crystalline diamond in the Soviet Union, Japan, and the United States is reviewed. A comparison of the various growth techniques is presented. Hydrogen and its role in the synthesis process has been controversial; a model is presented illustrating its essential, but limited role. Another controversial aspect of diamond synthesis concerns the nature of the carbon bond in the reactant gas and how this influences the resultant crystal; an heuristic model is provided. Non-thermal equilibrium growth techniques are generic to the recent advances in diamond growth; the separation of the process for the disassociation of the reactant gas from that of the “surface cleaning” and the artificial stimulation of the surface migration velocity may be absolutely necessary for defect-free nucleation and growth. While the various properties of diamond have been known long before the advent of artifact diamond, its potential for use in devices has only recently been modelled and calculated; numerical figures of merit are compared with those of other semiconducting materials. Charge carrier velocity profiles of diamond are compared with those of more conventional semiconductors. Strengths and weaknesses accruing from the diamond velocity profile are addressed.
Increasing Usage of ESL Instructional Practices in a Rural County Elementary School

The study setting is one elementary school located in a remote rural county school district in a mountain western state. Implementing a specific set of procedures, ESL Instructional Improvement Process, educators examined and increased use of research-based ESL instructional practices in the education of English learners (ELs). A key feature of the piloted process is educator self-assessment of instructional practices, resulting in the development of workshop sessions and action items, and completion of classroom observations. Researchers found that the process proved effective in increasing rural educators’ knowledge and application of ESL best practices. Self-assessment was highly effective in helping educators examine existing instructional practices, leading to relevant workshop sessions and classroom implementation of ESL action items. Numerous examples of the use of research-based ESL instructional practices as a result of this project are provided, along with suggestions for further research to improve the education of ELs in rural county schools.
Behavioral Dynamics in the Appetite for Salt in Rats

I am going to briefly present some laboratory findings. Hopefully, they will provide you with an idea of the behavioral facts in sodium homeostasis.
Racial Remittances: The Effect of Migration on Racial Ideologies in Mexico and the United States

Recent research has examined how racial ideologies vary across national contexts, but relatively few scholars have investigated how ideologies might be transmitted across national boundaries. The a...
Understanding Science Achievement Gaps by Race/Ethnicity and Gender in Kindergarten and First Grade

Disparities in science achievement across race and gender have been well documented in secondary and postsecondary school; however, the science achievement gap in the early years of elementary school remains understudied. We present findings from the recently released Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011 that demonstrate significant gaps in science achievement in kindergarten and first grade by race/ethnicity. We estimate the Black-White science gap in kindergarten at –.82 SD but find only a small gender gap by first grade. Large disparities between Asian student performance in science as compared to mathematics and reading are documented. Student background characteristics and school fixed effects explain nearly 60% of the Black-White and Hispanic-White science achievement gaps in kindergarten. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
The Evidence for God: Diversity, Evil, and Defeat

“If we hold that living religion arises at the point where ultimate reality manifests itself to the human spirit, then obviously our understanding of religion will necessarily be determined by the view we take of that ultimate reality and of the relationship with the human spirit into which it enters.” – H.H. Farmer 1954, pp. 26–7. The wilderness parable in the Introduction prompted a question about the availability of an intentional rescuer for the people lost in Hells Canyon. If the rescuer has a distinctive pedagogical aim for the lost people – specifically, for their being morally transformed in the rescue effort – then the rescue strategy on offer may be subtle and elusive rather than explicit and straightforward. In that case, the rescue process may be rather messy, given the need for the lost people to be challenged morally and changed in various ways. As a result, we should not expect a simple recipe for the rescue, as if the rescue process were akin to baking a simple cake. The rescuer may allow parts of Hells Canyon to be overgrown with thickets of thorns to highlight both the lost people's need for a rescuer and the inadequacy of their own strategies for a rescue. In other words, the rescuer may allow the surrounding conditions to deteriorate, even toward futility, in order to reveal that the power of the lost people is not genuinely life giving, whereas the power of the rescuer is.
QUIESCENT HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS REACTIVATION AFTER INTRAVITREAL INJECTION OF DEXAMETHASONE IMPLANT.

PURPOSE To report reactivation of herpes simplex virus keratitis after the injection of dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) and to raise the awareness of this potentially vision threatening side effect. METHODS A 90-year-old man presented with ocular pain and tearing in the left eye 3 weeks after receiving a dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) for the treatment of macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion. The patient had a history of herpes simplex virus keratitis that was quiescent for more than 30 years. RESULTS Clinical examination of the left eye showed arborizing epithelial ulcer with terminal bulbs consistent with herpes simplex virus keratitis. CONCLUSION Quiescent herpes simplex virus keratitis can be reactivated after dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex). Prophylactic antiviral therapy might be indicated in individuals who have a high risk of recurrent herpetic disease.
Chronic intermittent hypoxia induces oxidative stress and inflammation in brain regions associated with early‐stage neurodegeneration

Sleep apnea is a common comorbidity of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies have shown an association between elevated oxidative stress and inflammation with severe sleep apnea. Elevated oxidative stress and inflammation are also hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. We show increased oxidative stress and inflammation in a manner consistent with early stages of neurodegenerative disease in an animal model of mild sleep apnea. Male rats were exposed to 7 days chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) for 8 h/day during the light period. Following CIH, plasma was collected and tested for circulating oxidative stress and inflammatory markers associated with proinflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 profiles. Tissue punches from brain regions associated with different stages of neurodegenerative diseases (early stage: substantia nigra and entorhinal cortex; intermediate: hippocampus; late stage: rostral ventrolateral medulla and solitary tract nucleus) were also assayed for inflammatory markers. A subset of the samples was examined for 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) expression, a marker of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. Our results showed increased circulating oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, brain regions associated with early-stage (but not late-stage) AD and PD expressed oxidative stress and inflammatory profiles consistent with reported observations in preclinical neurodegenerative disease populations. These results suggest mild CIH induces key features that are characteristic of early-stage neurodegenerative diseases and may be an effective model to investigate mechanisms contributing to oxidative stress and inflammation in those brain regions.
Timing of initial seafloor spreading in the Newfoundland-Iberia rift

Broad areas of subcontinental lithospheric mantle are commonly exposed along ocean-continent transition zones in magma-poor rifts and are thought to be exhumed along lithospheric-scale detachment faults during the final stages of rifting. However, the nature of the transition from final rifting to seafloor spreading is controversial. We present the first high-precision U-Pb zircon geochronologic and Hf isotopic data from gabbros that intrude exhumed mantle at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 1070 and 1277 in the Newfoundland-Iberia rift (North Atlantic). The sites are conjugate to one another within crust that is commonly considered to have been emplaced during early seafloor spreading. Magnetic data suggest that crustal accretion occurred at both sites during magnetic polarity chrons M3–M0 (130–126 Ma). However, our data indicate that asthenospheric melts were emplaced over brief intervals (≤1 m.y.) prior to or coeval with mantle exhumation at 124 Ma at ODP Site 1070 and 115 Ma at ODP Site 1277. We suggest that this discrepancy is the result of continued mantle exhumation along large, west-dipping detachment faults until lithospheric breakup. The breakup location is likely coincident with the large-amplitude magnetic J anomaly, and our 115 Ma date for magmatism within this anomaly provides the best available age constraint for breakup along the studied transect.
The United States can keep the grid stable at low cost with 100% clean, renewable energy in all sectors despite inaccurate claims

The premise and all error claims by Clack et al. (1) in PNAS, about Jacobson et al.’s (2) report, are demonstrably false. We reaffirm Jacobson et al.’s conclusions. Clack et al.’s (1) premise that deep decarbonization studies conclude that using nuclear, carbon capture and storage (CCS), and bioenergy reduces costs relative to “other pathways,” such as Jacobson et al.’s (2) 100% pathway, is false. First Clack et al. (1) imply that Jacobson et al.’s (2) report is an outlier for excluding nuclear and CCS. To the contrary, Jacobson et al. are in the mainstream, as grid stability studies finding low-cost up-to-100% clean, renewable solutions without nuclear or CCS are the majority (3⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓–16). Second, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (17) contradicts Clack et al.’s (1) claim that including nuclear or CCS reduces costs (7.6.1.1): “ … high shares of variable RE [renewable energy] power…may not be ideally complemented by nuclear, CCS,...” and (7.8.2) “Without support from governments, investments in new nuclear power plants are currently generally not economically attractive within liberalized markets,…” Similarly, Freed et al. (18) state, “…there is virtually no history of nuclear construction under the economic and institutional circumstances that prevail throughout much of Europe and the United States,” and Cooper (19), who compared decarbonization scenarios, concluded, “Neither fossil fuels with CCS or nuclear power enters the least-cost, low-carbon portfolio.” Third, unlike Jacobson et al. (2), the IPCC, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and International Energy Agency have never performed or reviewed a cost analysis of grid stability under deep decarbonization. For example, MacDonald et al.’s (20) grid-stability analysis considered only electricity, which is only ∼20% of total energy, thus far from deep decarbonization. Furthermore, deep-decarbonization studies … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: jacobson{at}stanford.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
On Knot and Manifold Invariants

In these two lectures I would like to discuss the new direction in which topology has moved largely through the impetus of physics-inspired ideas. But to start us off I thought I would, in this first lecture, present an “old” invariant of knots albeit in a “new” guise. Then we will compare it to its “old” manifestation.
Enhanced free-text keystroke continuous authentication based on dynamics of wrist motion

Free-text keystroke is a form of behavioral biometrics which has great potential for addressing the security limitations of conventional one-time authentication by continuously monitoring the user's typing behaviors. This paper presents a new, enhanced continuous authentication approach by incorporating the dynamics of both keystrokes and wrist motions. Based upon two sets of features (free-text keystroke latency features and statistical wrist motion patterns extracted from the wrist-worn smartwatches), two one-vs-all Random Forest Ensemble Classifiers (RFECs) are constructed and trained respectively. A Dynamic Trust Model (DTM) is then developed to fuse the two classifiers' decisions and realize non-time-blocked real-time authentication. In the free-text typing experiments involving 25 human subjects, an imposter/intruder can be detected within no more than one sentence (average 56 keystrokes) with an FRR of 1.82% and an FAR of 1.94%. Compared with the scheme relying on only keystroke latency which has an FRR of 4.66%, an FAR of 17.92% and the required number of keystroke of 162, the proposed authentication system shows significant improvements in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and usability.
Polyoxoanions in Homogeneous Catalysis: Polyoxoanion-Supported, Atomically-Dispersed Iridium, [(1,5-COD)Ir·P2W15Nb3O62]8-

The synthesis, characterization, catalytic activity and mechanistic studies of the P2W15Nb3O62 9- supported (l,5-COD)Ir(I)+ complex, (l,5-COD)Ir(I)·P2W15Nb3O62 8-, are described, research that has led to the first bona fide polyoxoanion-supported catalyst. In the first stage of what can be described as the “The Molecular Cookie Cutter Approach to Oxide-Supported Catalysts”, the seven-step synthesis and x-ray crystallographic characterization is described of the novel, custom-designed polyoxoanion P2W15Nb3O62 9-. Second, the synthesis and characterization of the supported (1,5-COD)Ir(I)+ complex, (1,5-COD)Ir(I)·P2W15Nb3O62 8-, is detailed, followed by investigations of this catalytic precursor in oxidation (O2) and reductive (H2) catalytic reactions of cyclohexene. Mechanistic studies are described next, probing the key question “is the true catalyst in fact polyoxoanion-supported?” The results of these simultaneous efforts in four areas is a paradigm for polyoxoanion-supported catalysis, the first class of oxide-supported catalysts that can be fully understood at the atomic level, both structurally and mechanistically.
A Note on Indefinite Douglas’ Lemma

The Douglas lemma on majorization and factorization of Hilbert space operators is extended to the setting of Krein space operators.
Ligand Specificity and Gene Expression in the Cholinergic Synapse

Upon first inspection, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) share several functional and structural characteristics. Both recognize the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, and elicit the respective actions of catalysis of the neurotransmitter and neurotransmitter-induced channel opening in a millisecond time frame. Their relative stoichiometries at various synapses are carefully regulated within precise limits. Homologous toxins, the fasciculins and a-neurotoxins (i. e., α-cobratoxin and α-bungaro-toxin), which have nearly identical tertiary structures, inhibit the two respective proteins at concentrations in the picomolar to subpicomolar range. Finally, the two proteins show coordinated expression during development.
Aspects of Condensation in 4He II

The primary aim of the present article is to review certain aspects of the theoretical problem of 4He II, liquid helium below the lambda transition T=T λ≅2.2°K. We shall not be concenred in what follows with the low temperature thermodynamic properties which make virtually no reference to superfluidity; these aspects seem now to be adequately understood [1]. Superfluidity has a profound effect on few of the thermally excited modes, and does not affect the correlation energy appreciably. Instead we give our attention here to certain aspects related to the appearance of a macroscopically occupied “coherent” mode, which is generally believed to be the most relevant property of the superfluid or superconducting state. In particular, a method for the experimental determination of ϱC(T), the density of the condensate as a function of the temperature, will be discussed, as well as a connection between ϱC(T) and the superfluid density ϱS(T) of the two fluid model.
Stalking the Elusive Cognitive Map

Most mornings you manage to find your way from home to office. This “way-finding” typically is accomplished around diversions, occlusions, and traffic, without a compass or road map, and, most important, without getting lost. Similarly, most mornings our children get from home to school without getting lost, even though the routes that children take on their journeys often are not direct (see Figure 1). Both adults and school-age children, then, seem to be able to get from a starting point to a not-simultaneously-perceivable endpoint in large environments, without navigational aids and without getting lost. In contrast, in Western society we rarely perrnit 3- and 4-year-olds to make such a journey, in spite of various protections (e.g., street-crossing guards). Societal wisdom tells us that the very young child, unlike his slightly older sibling, has limited way-finding skills—that he cannot travel between two points unless the end can be seen from the outset.
Endothelial Progenitor Obsolescence and Atherosclerotic Inflammation

As early as in 1867, Cohnheim ([1][1]) noted that “all cells come from the bloodstream and therefore, in light of subsequent observations, from the bone marrow.” The identification of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), extracted from human peripheral blood in 1997 by Asahara et al. ([2][2]),
Academic Librarianship Without the Degree: Examining the Characteristics and Motivations of Academic Library Professionals

Abstract Studies exploring librarians' backgrounds and career motivations frequently focus on all types of librarians or on students seeking degrees in librarianship. Investigating particular subsets of librarians is a field ripe for study. Here, we employed a survey of 193 academic library professionals, who are defined as those employed in professional positions in academic libraries but not possessing a graduate degree in librarianship. We found prior work in an academic library is a substantial motivating factor for entry into the field, as is also the case for traditional academic librarians who choose to attain a graduate degree in library science prior to obtaining a position in the library. The data also suggests that there are two main streams of entry for academic library professionals: those who are hired into functional positions that do not require a graduate degree in librarianship and those who hold paraprofessional titles that have taken on professional-level work. Finally, we found a majority of academic library professionals have no intention of, and do not see the value in, pursuing a graduate degree in librarianship.
Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer

: The need for breast cancer chemoprevention is introduced. Evidence for chemopreventive activity has been provided by a decrease in the prevalence of contralateral breast cancer in large adjuvant trials of tamoxifen or fenretinide versus placebo. The NSABP tamoxifen prevention trial in high-risk women is nearing completion. Before other large phase III trials are initiated, phase II trials should be conducted using morphologic and molecular markers as indicators of response (surrogate endpoint biomarkers). Phase II models currently utilized include: (a) a short-interval trial between biopsy and re-excision in women with DCIS; and (b) a longer interval trial in which high-risk women with epithelial hyperplasia and atypia noted on random fine-needle aspiration receive drug or placebo for 6 months and are then reaspirated. Strengths and weaknesses of both models used in ongoing phase II trials are discussed.
In vitro screening of 51 birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.; Fabaceae) strains for anti-parasitic effects against Haemonchus contortus.

Secondary plant compounds have shown bioactivity against multi-drug resistant Haemonchus contortus in small ruminants. This study screened 51 strains of birdsfoot trefoil (BFT, Lotus corniculatus) crude aqueous extracts (BFT-AqE) for anti-parasitic activity in vitro against egg hatching, and of those 51 strains, 13 were selected for further testing of motility of first (L1) and third stage (L3) larvae, and exsheathment of L3. Proanthocyanidin content ranged between 1.4 and 63.8 mg PAC g−1 powder across the 51 BFT strains. When tested against egg hatching, 21 of the 51 aqueous extracts had an EC50 of 1–2 mg powder mL−1, 70% of the strains were >90% efficacious at 6 mg powder mL−1 and 11 of the strains were 100% efficacious at 3 mg powder mL−1 BFT-AqE. Across the 13 strains tested against L3, efficacy ranged from 0 to 75% exsheathment inhibition, and 17 to 92% L3 motility inhibition at a concentration of 25 mg powder mL−1 BFT-AqE. There was no correlation between the PAC content of BFT powders and the anti-parasitic activity of aqueous extracts, therefore other secondary compounds may have contributed to the observed anti-parasitic effects. Further testing of BFT using bioactivity-driven fractionation and screening of BFT populations for the identified anti-parasitic compounds is needed.
Prevalence of the E321G MYH1 variant for immune-mediated myositis and nonexertional rhabdomyolysis in performance subgroups of American Quarter Horses.

Author(s): Gianino, Giuliana M; Valberg, Stephanie J; Perumbakkam, Sudeep; Henry, Marisa L; Gardner, Keri; Penedo, Cecilia; Finno, Carrie J | Abstract: BackgroundImmune-mediated myositis (IMM) in American Quarter Horses (QHs) causes acute muscle atrophy and lymphocytic infiltration of myofibers. Recently, an E321G mutation in a highly conserved region of the myosin heavy chain 1 (MYH1) gene was associated with susceptibility to IMM and nonexertional rhabdomyolysis.ObjectivesTo estimate prevalence of the E321G MYH1 variant in the QH breed and performance subgroups.AnimalsThree-hundred seven elite performance QHs and 146 random registered QH controls.MethodsProspective genetic survey. Elite QHs from barrel racing, cutting, halter, racing, reining, Western Pleasure, and working cow disciplines and randomly selected registered QHs were genotyped for the E321G MYH1 variant and allele frequencies were calculated.ResultsThe E321G MYH1 variant allele frequency was 0.034 ± 0.011 in the general QH population (6.8% of individuals in the breed) and the highest among the reining (0.135 ± 0.040; 24.3% of reiners), working cow (0.085 ± 0.031), and halter (0.080 ± 0.027) performance subgroups. The E321G MYH1 variant was present in cutting (0.044 ± 0.022) and Western Pleasure (0.021 ± 0.015) QHs at lower frequency and was not observed in barrel racing or racing QHs.Conclusions and clinical importanceKnowing that reining and working cow QHs have the highest prevalence of the E321G MYH1 variant and that the variant is more prevalent than the alleles for hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia and hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in the general QH population will guide the use of genetic testing for diagnostic and breeding purposes.
Linking prenatal EDC exposure to reproductive tract endpoints and neurodevelopment in two pregnancy cohort studies

Background: In 1999 NHANES began measuring phthalates and other nonpersistent pollutants in a representative sample of the US population. The development of the high-throughput sensitive assays nec...
i'sFree: Eyes-Free Gesture Typing via a Touch-Enabled Remote Control

Entering text without having to pay attention to the keyboard is compelling but challenging due to the lack of visual guidance. We propose i'sFree to enable eyes-free gesture typing on a distant display from a touch-enabled remote control. i'sFree does not display the keyboard or gesture trace but decodes gestures drawn on the remote control into text according to an invisible and shifting Qwerty layout. i'sFree decodes gestures similar to a general gesture typing decoder, but learns from the instantaneous and historical input gestures to dynamically adjust the keyboard location. We designed it based on the understanding of how users perform eyes-free gesture typing. Our evaluation shows eyes-free gesture typing is feasible: reducing visual guidance on the distant display hardly affects the typing speed. Results also show that the i'sFree gesture decoding algorithm is effective, enabling an input speed of 23 WPM, 46% faster than the baseline eyes-free condition built on a general gesture decoder. Finally, i'sFree is easy to learn: participants reached 22 WPM in the first ten minutes, even though 40% of them were first-time gesture typing users.
Iatrogenic atrial septal defect closure after transseptal mitral valve interventions: Indications and outcomes.

Objectives Review indications and outcomes for transcatheter iatrogenic atrial septal defect (iASD) closure in patients undergoing MitraClip or transseptal (TS) mitral valve-in-valve/ring (ViV/ViR) procedures. Background Mitral valve transcatheter interventions require large-diameter TS sheaths that can result in iASDs that necessitate post-procedure transcatheter closure. Although the presence of iASD has been well-described, indications for closure and outcomes after TS mitral valve interventions have not been reported. Methods Patients undergoing MitraClip repair and ViV or ViR transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) from February 14, 2014, to January 16, 2018, were studied retrospectively in this single center study. Results Seventeen patients had iASD closure: 11 MitraClip and 6 TMVR (5 ViV, 1 ViR). Indications for iASD closure included large iASD (n = 7), large left-to-right shunt (n = 9), pulmonary hypertension (n = 8), large right-to-left shunt (n = 1), severe RV dysfunction (n = 2), thin/aneurysmal septum (n = 2), and mobile material on pacemaker leads (n = 2). Closures were performed without complications using Amplatzer septal occluders. At 30 days, 94% of subjects (n = 16) were alive with one patient deceased from unknown causes. There were no myocardial infarctions or strokes. At 12 months, follow-up was available for 14 of 17 patients, and 71% of patients (10/14) were alive. One patient died due to cardiac causes, two from noncardiac causes and one for unknown reasons. There was one myocardial infarction, one intraparenchymal hemorrhage, and no ischemic strokes. Conclusions The most common reasons for iASD closure after TS MV procedures are: large ASD unlikely to spontaneously close, large left-to-right shunt, and pulmonary hypertension. Patients who required iASD closure had low 30-day mortality but higher one-year mortality potentially reflecting a population with substantial comorbidities.
The effects of heterospecific mating frequency on the strength of cryptic reproductive barriers.

Heterospecific mating frequency is critical to hybrid zone dynamics and can directly impact the strength of reproductive barriers and patterns of introgression. The effectiveness of post-mating prezygotic (PMPZ) reproductive barriers, which include reduced fecundity via heterospecific matings and conspecific sperm precedence, may depend on the number, identity and order of mates. Studies of PMPZ barriers suggest that they may be important in many systems, but whether these barriers are effective at realistic heterospecific mating frequencies has not been tested. Here, we evaluate the strength of cryptic reproductive isolation in two leaf beetles (Chrysochus auratus and C. cobaltinus) in the context of a range of heterospecific mating frequencies observed in natural populations. We found both species benefited from multiple matings, but the benefits were greater in C. cobaltinus and extended to heterospecific matings. We found that PMPZ barriers greatly limited hybrid production by C. auratus females with moderate heterospecific mating frequencies, but that their effectiveness diminished at higher heterospecific mating frequencies. In contrast, there was no evidence for PMPZ barriers in C. cobaltinus females at any heterospecific mating frequency. We show that integrating realistic estimates of cryptic isolation with information on relative abundance and heterospecific mating frequency in the field substantially improves our understanding of the strong directional bias in F1 production previously documented in the Chrysochus hybrid zone. Our results demonstrate that heterospecific mating frequency is critical to understanding the impact of cryptic post-copulatory barriers on hybrid zone structure and dynamics, and that future studies of such barriers should incorporate field-relevant heterospecific mating frequencies.
Modality Definition Synthesis for Epistemic Intuitionistic Logic via a Theorem Prover.

We derive a Prolog theorem prover for an Intuitionistic Epistemic Logic by starting from the sequent calculus {\bf G4IP} that we extend with operator definitions providing an embedding in intuitionistic propositional logic ({\bf IPC}). With help of a candidate definition formula generator, we discover epistemic operators for which axioms and theorems of Artemov and Protopopescu's {\em Intuitionistic Epistemic Logic} ({\bf IEL}) hold and formulas expected to be non-theorems fail. We compare the embedding of {\bf IEL} in {\bf IPC} with a similarly discovered successful embedding of Dosen's double negation modality, judged inadequate as an epistemic operator. Finally, we discuss the failure of the {\em necessitation rule} for an otherwise successful {\bf S4} embedding and share our thoughts about the intuitions explaining these differences between epistemic and alethic modalities in the context of the Brouwer-Heyting-Kolmogorov semantics of intuitionistic reasoning and knowledge acquisition. Keywords: epistemic intuitionistic logic, propositional intuitionistic logic, Prolog-based theorem provers, automatic synthesis of logic systems, definition formula generation algorithms, embedding of modal logics into intuitionistic logic.
How safe and effective is ondansetron for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy

Kimberly L. Collins, MD; Megan Wilson, MD; E. Chris Vincent, MD, University of Washington, Seattle ; Sarah Safranek, MLIS, University of Washington, Seattle
A facile, fast, and low-cost method for fabrication of micro/nano-textured superhydrophobic surfaces.

Abstract Hypothesis Alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) is frequently used in paper industry as an inexpensive sizing agent. The formation of a porous structure after curing the solidified AKD for an extra-long time (4–6 days) results in superhydrophobicity. In this study, a facile and low-cost method was utilized to turn the surface of AKD superhydrophobic in a very short period of time. Experiments We fabricated superhydrophobic coatings by dipping glass and paper substrates in molten AKD and then treating them with ethanol after solidification. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Confocal laser scanning microscopy, and dynamic contact angle goniometry. Findings The results show that briefly treating the coatings, obtained from isothermally heated AKD melt at 40 °C for 3 min, with ethanol leads to superhydrophobicity with advancing and receding contact angles of 158.7 ± 1.4° and 156.8 ± 0.9°, respectively. By increasing the melt temperature to 70 °C and its heating time to 6 h followed by ethanol treatment, the advancing and receding contact angles increased to 163.7 ± 1.3° and 162.6 ± 1.2°, respectively. This enhancement in superhydrophobicity is due to the formation of porous, entangled irregular micro/nano textures that create air cushions on the surface resulting in droplet state transition from Wenzel to Cassie.
An Abstract on the Effects of Psychological Distance on Nostalgic Cultural Brands and Consumers’ Purchase Intentions: A Construal Level Theory Perspective

Nostalgic cultural brands and products are impacting the market place due to the increasing levels of immigration (Bundas 2018; Hernandez 2014). A manner in which immigrants can be transported back to their home country is through consumption of nostalgic cultural brands. Their memories are a way to reconnect with their home country (Bray 2014; Fujita et al. 2006). Nostalgia oftentimes serves as a strong driver in their decision-making when choosing products (Guzman and Paswan 2009; Sierra and McQuitty 2007).
From Culture to Claimsmaking

Conceptual approaches to claimsmaking often feature the overarching symbolic templates of political culture or else the strategic actor of the social movement framing approach. Both approaches have...
Explaining the Limitations of Agricultural Intensification Initiatives in Sulawesi, Indonesia

This paper examines why cacao intensification initiatives have failed to significantly increase smallholder yields, improve livelihoods, or slow the pace of land use and cover change in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. I first draw on land use surveys, household surveys, and remotely sensed data (1972-2015) to show how most households across four study villages are transitioning away from cacao amid sustained declines in yields and accelerating forest cover loss for non-cacao commodities. I then combine oral histories and in-depth interviews to show how cacao intensification initiatives have remained disconnected from the power and resource access relations necessitating smallholder livelihood movement away from cacao. Such relations include the dynamics of supply chain concentration, land control, and inequitable access to land and land-based livelihood opportunities that are deteriorating the economics of cacao production and informing smallholders’ growing reliance on off-farm, extra-local work. Findings presented here illustrate the tensions between these ongoing livelihood shifts and the full-time farming focus required to successfully enhance yields. They also reiterate the limitations of any approach to agricultural sustainability that remains narrowly production and commodity centric.
Feedback in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Education

Purpose The practice of giving feedback has never been evaluated in OMS (oral and maxillofacial surgery) education. The aim of this study was to characterize variations in feedback-giving strategies utilized in resident education and compare this to their preferred ways of receiving feedback. As a secondary aim, we wish to gauge residents’ satisfaction with the feedback they receive. As a tertiary aim, we wish to compare residents’ and attendings’ perception of said feedback. Methods We sent surveys to all OMS residency program directors nationwide for completion by their residents and faculty (Figures 1, 2). All responses were recorded via a 5-point Likert scale. Responses were grouped into categories of agreee + strongly agree, neutral, and disagree + strongly disagree for statements of preference or agreement and almost never + seldom, sometimes, most of the time + nearly all of the time for statements of setting and time. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare responses between 2 groups, with P Results Our results show significant differences between how feedback is given, based on the residents’ perspectives, and how they prefer it be given. Most notable, 79% would like feedback to occur during a postoperative debrief immediately after the case; however, only 27% report that this is the usual setting (P Conclusion Our results indicate several issues regarding the current practices of feedback in OMS training. Residents most prefer feedback given verbally, face-to-face, in a postoperative debriefing, while they indicate that this is often not the case. Interestingly, faculty believe that both of these occur significantly more frequently than the residents report. Faculty also believe that the quality of their feedback given is adequate, while residents disagree. Overall, it appears that resident satisfaction with current practices is low, and our study identifies multiple opportunities for improvement.
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial in Women With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer to Assess the Feasibility of Delivering Group-Based Psychosocial Care via Videoconference.

Background:The goal of this pilot randomized controlled trial was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of delivering group-based psychosocial care via videoconference (ie, Zoom) to women wi...