cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computation of rate of heave versus load under quasi-steady state

Abstract A “rigid ice” model for the mechanism of frost heave provides easily computed relationships between rate of heave and surface load for specified thermal and ground water regimes in special cases, namely, stationary fields of temperature and pore water pressure in unfrozen soil. Examples are based on experimentally measured soil functions for a 4–8 μm silt fraction.
Constructing Profiles of Religious Agreement and Disagreement Between Adolescents and Mothers: A Research Note

This research note describes the use of latent class analysis to examine how three dimensions of religiosity—the importance of religion (religious salience), attendance at religious services, and frequency of prayer—cluster together to form unique profiles. Building upon recent research identifying different profiles of religiosity at the level of the individual, we used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to identify dyadic profiles of religious concordance or discordance between 14,202 adolescents and their mothers. We identified five profiles: one concordant (27% of sample), two discordant (25% of sample), and two of mixed concordance/discordance (49%). The profiles distinguish between various levels of adolescent/mother relations, suggesting that they may represent distinct family dynamics. They also distinguish between several variables (race, adolescent age, geographical region) in predictable ways, providing additional demonstration of the categories’ meaningfulness.
Initial PSA Oscillations Precede Prolonged Stable Disease in a Patient Treated With a Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer for men in the United States, claiming over 32,000 lives each year.1 Patients who present with bone metastasis have a 5-year survival rate of 3%.2 Metastatic prostate cancer is initially treated with either hormonal therapy or orchiectomy to deprive prostate cancer cells of testosterone, which binds to the androgen receptor and induces cellular proliferation. Although these treatments may initially limit tumor growth, the cancer cells will ultimately proliferate in spite of decreased levels of testosterone, a state known as castration resistance,3 increasing the potential for metastasis. Conventional treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) employs additional agents, such as androgen receptor antagonists (ARAs) and cytotoxic chemotherapy (i.e., docetaxel and cabazitaxel), which has been shown to prolong survival and palliate symptoms in patients with mCRPC.4 The recent approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of sipuleucel-T for mCRPC and ipilimumab for metastatic melanoma have generated significant momentum in the field of cancer immunotherapy. PSA-TRICOM (PROSTVAC®) is an investigational, off-the-shelf, vector-based therapeutic cancer vaccine genetically engineered with transgenes for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and 3 human T-cell costimulatory molecules.5 A phase II randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 125 patients with mCRPC demonstrated a survival benefit of 8.5 months for patients treated with PSA-TRICOM compared to patients treated with placebo (25.1 vs. 16.6 months; P = 0.0061).6 In a separate single-arm study in 32 patients with mCRPC, the median overall survival was 26.6 months, and enhanced PSA-specific T-cell responses were associated with improved survival.7 The most common adverse event in these trials was a mild, local injection-site reaction, with only a subset of patients experiencing systemic flu-like symptoms. One patient had grade 3 injection-site cellulitis.6 Here we present a case report of a patient who, despite multiple negative prognostic factors, demonstrated prolonged survival with minimal toxicity after receiving treatment with PSA-TRICOM. Furthermore, the patient had a prolonged stable disease course while on PSA-TRICOM in spite of fluctuations in his PSA.
High $p_{\rm T}$ leading hadron suppression in nuclear collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\approx$ 20-200 GeV: data versus parton energy loss models

Experimental results on high transverse momentum (leading) hadron spectra in nucleus-nucleus collisions in the range $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\approx$ 20-200 GeV are reviewed with an emphasis on the observed suppression compared to free space production in proton-proton collisions at the corresponding center-of-mass energies. The transverse-momentum and collision-energy (but seemingly not the in-medium path length) dependence of the experimental suppression factors measured in central collisions is consistent with the expectations of final-state non-Abelian parton energy loss in a dense QCD medium.
A review of energetic materials synthesis

Energetic materials (explosives, propellants and pyrotechnics) are used extensively for both civilian and military applications. There are ongoing research programs worldwide to develop pyrotechnics with reduced smoke and new explosives and propellants with higher performance or enhanced insensitivity to thermal or shock insults. In recent years, the synthesis of energetic, heterocyclic compounds have received a great amount of interest. Heterocycles generally have a higher heat of formation, density, and oxygen balance than their carbocyclic analogues. This review will concentrate on recent advances in the synthesis of heterocycles as energetic materials and will complement the excellent review of recent advances in energetic materials published in 1998 by Agrawal [Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 24 (1998) 1].
Emotions as Viewed by Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience: An Exercise in Consilience

(1999). Emotions as Viewed by Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience: An Exercise in Consilience. Neuropsychoanalysis: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 15-38.
Diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis after liver transplantation.

Autoimmune hepatitis can recur or appear de novo after liver transplantation, and it can result in hepatic fibrosis, graft loss, and re-transplantation. The goals of this review are to describe the prevalence, manifestations, putative pathogenic mechanisms, outcomes, and management of these occurrences. Autoimmune hepatitis recurs in 8–12 % of transplanted patients at 1 year and 36–68 % at 5 years. Recurrence may be asymptomatic and detected only by surveillance liver test abnormalities or protocol liver tissue examination. Autoantibodies that characterized the original disease, hypergammaglobulinemia, increased serum immunoglobulin G level, and histological findings of interface hepatitis, lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, perivenular hepatocyte necrosis, pseudo-rosetting, and acidophil bodies typify recurrence. Premature corticosteroid withdrawal and pre-transplant severity of the original disease are possible risk factors. De novo autoimmune hepatitis occurs in 1–7 % of patients 0.1–9 years after transplantation, especially in children. The appearance of autoantibodies may herald its emergence, and antibodies to glutathione-S-transferase T1 have been predictive of the disease. Recurrent disease may reflect recruitment of residual memory T lymphocytes and host-specific genetic predispositions, whereas de novo disease may reflect an allo-antigenic immune response and molecular mimicries that override self-tolerance. Treatment should be appropriate for autoimmune hepatitis and not based on anti-rejection drugs. Corticosteroid therapy alone or combined with azathioprine is the essential treatment. The substitution of mycophenolate mofetil for azathioprine and switch of the calcineurin inhibitor or its replacement with rapamycin have also been used for refractory disease. Re-transplantation has been necessary in 8–23 %.
Modeling Structural Flexibility in Railroad Vehicle Systems

This paper presents a nonlinear finite element formulation for modeling the structural flexibility in multibody railroad vehicle systems. The formulation presented in this paper allows for modeling the structural flexibilities of the pantograph/catenary system, car body, and the track structure as well as their coupling with the dynamics of other components of high speed rail systems. The main outcome of this study is the development of a procedure that allows building a complex track or car body models that include significant details using a finite element preprocessor computer program. For example, the proposed method allows for developing at a preprocessing stage a track model that includes significant details and accounts for the effects of ties, fasteners, ballast, etc. The detailed track or car body model is used as an input to the general purpose flexible multibody computer program for a nonlinear analysis that accounts for the dynamic coupling between the track and car body flexibility and the vehicle coordinates. In order to achieve this goal, two different types of interpolations are used in the kinematic equations developed in this study; the geometry interpolation and the deformation interpolation. In the proposed formulations, the rails can have arbitrary geometry which is described using the isoparametric geometric interpolation. The coordinates of the polynomials used in this interpolation represent constant position and gradients coordinates, which are used to describe accurately the rail geometry. On the other hand, the rail deflections as well as car body deformations are described using the deformation interpolation and the nonlinear finite element floating frame of reference formulation. In the formulation proposed in this paper, the rail tangent and normal vectors as well as other geometric parameters such as the curvature and torsion at the wheel/rail contact points are expressed in terms of the rail deformation coordinates. The nonlinear dynamic coupling between the rail geometry and the vehicle dynamics is also considered in the formulation proposed in this paper. In particular, the longitudinal, lateral and spin creepages are expressed in terms of the track displacements which are the result of the wheel/rail contact forces. This nonlinear coupled analysis allows for more accurate prediction of the railroad vehicle dynamics. This paper also proposes a new efficient finite segment method based on the concept of rigid finite element to model track structure. Numerical results are presented in order to demonstrate the use of the formulation proposed in this study.© 2010 ASME
Formation of palladium(II) hydroxychloride complexes and precipitates in sodium chloride solutions and seawater

Abstract Spectrophotometric measurements of Pd(II) in 0.5 M NaCl indicate that the PdCl3OH2− formation constant at 25°C is ClK∗1 = [PdCl3OH2−][H+][Cl−][PdCl42−]−1 = 10−8.98. This constant is more than two orders of magnitude smaller than previous results derived through solubility analysis. Kinetic experiments indicate that equilibration between PdCl42− and PdCl3OH2− is complete in less than one second. The discrepancy between depictions of Pd(II) speciation obtained by using spectrophotometric and solubility analysis is apparently caused by the formation of mixed hydroxychloride solid phases (PdClaOH2−a), rather than pure Pd(OH)2(s), when Pd(OH)2(s) is equilibrated in concentrated chloride solutions at high pH. In Pd(II) solubility analysis, and solubility analyses of other strongly hydrolyzed metals in seawater, the composition of the solid phase must be carefully examined for appropriate deconvolution of data.
Applying Implicit Memory Measures: Word Fragment Completion in Advertising Tests

Abstract An implicit memory measure, word fragment completion, showed significant product information retention from print advertising with no advantage for either brand or nonbrand processing strategies. The results indicated that implicit measures can be adapted for use in advertising research in conjunction with recall and recognition and may provide additional insight into how message information is processed.
Statistical thermodynamics model of the adsorption of a surface active species on metals

Abstract A simple statistical thermodynamics model has been developed to interpret and describe many of the adsorption characteristics of surface active species on metals. The model assumes that surface segregation of the solute is restricted to a monolayer, and that saturation is achieved with the formation of a two-dimensional ordered lattice or “compound”. To account for experimental observations, net attractive forces between adsorbed solute atoms must be assumed. In its description of the segregation of a surface active species as a function of its chemical activity, the model is in satisfactory agreement with data on the adsorption of sulfur on solid silver and gold. It also fits very well data pertaining to the effect of oxygen on the surface tensions of liquid silver and iron. Normalized coordinates ϕ ∗ and P ∗ have been defined which are proportional, respectively, to the decrease in surface tension and to the chemical activity of the adsorbed solute atoms. The data on the effect of oxygen on the surface tension of liquid silver and iron indicate, at least for the elements of the group VI, a simple correlation between ϕ ∗ and p ∗ , which allows the prediction and calculation of surface activities [i.e., —(dσ/d X B ) XB → 0 , where σ is the surface tension of the alloy and X B is the mole fraction of the solute] from data at saturation. Further tests of this semi-empirical correlation on the effects of sulfur and selenium on liquid iron at 1550°C and of oxygen and sulfur on copper at temperatures ranging from 1114°C to 1340°C also yield very satisfactory results.
An efficient navigational aid for road travel

Abstract Maps are the most commonly used navigational aid; however, identifying start and destination points on a map and then selecting a route for travel can be difficult and time-consuming, especially in an unfamiliar environment. Once a route has been identified, navigating along the chosen route can be challenging, if it has to be done along with driving. Streeter, Vitello and Wonsiewicz [1] have found through experiments with subjects that properly designed vocal instructions will serve as a better navigational aid. This research addresses the issue of finding a short route between two points in a geographical area and automatically generating instructions. The approach developed has been implemented in a microcomputer software for the city of Kuwait.
Response to bio-terrorism directed against animals.

The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) has a long history of rapid direction, control, and eradication of devastating diseases. Our immediate response mechanisms to diseases such as avian influenza, Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, and Newcastle disease, have long been recognized by the global emergency response community as models of control and eradication. APHIS and the U.S. livestock industries, in partnership with the Animal Agriculture Coalition, re-evaluated the Nation's animal health emergency preparedness and response systems. The group identified areas that negatively impact, biologically and/or economically, the Nation's animal and food production industries. To counter the increased risks including bioterrorism, APHIS plans to establish a world-class "Center of Excellence for Animal Health Emergency Management." APHIS, Intelligence agencies, other Federal departments, State governments, and industries are working together to provide accurate information on the foreign and domestic threats posed to the U.S. agricultural sector by biological weapons. Additionally, the same agencies and organizations are evaluating, updating, and improving the coordination and training mechanisms necessary to respond in the even of a widespread pest or disease outbreak.
Successful Austerity in the United States, Europe and Japan

The output effects of 2009 fiscal expansions have been hotly debated. But the discussion of fiscal multipliers is even more relevant now that several European countries have had to quickly retract their stimulus measures in an effort to regain market confidence. Using regime-switching VARs we estimate the impact of fiscal adjustment on the United States, Europe and Japan allowing for fiscal multipliers to vary across recessions and booms. We also estimate ex ante probabilities of recessions derived in association with different-sized and different types of consolidation shocks (expenditure- versus tax-based). We use these estimates to understand how consolidations should be designed to be most effective in terms of permanently and rapidly reducing a country’s debt-to-GDP ratio. The main finding is that smooth and gradual consolidations are to be preferred to frontloaded or aggressive consolidations, especially for economies in recession facing high risk premia on public debt, because sheltering growth is key to the success of fiscal consolidation in these cases.
Building the institutional capacity for sustainable global health nursing partnerships: a case study

Abstract Background Globally, nursing is the largest health profession. Nurses provide crucially important health services in both acute and primary health-care settings around the world. Building the capacity of nurses to address global health challenges—particularly in resource-constrained settings—is a key element of health systems strengthening. North–South global partnerships between sister schools of nursing can contribute to building the capacity of nurses on both sides of the partnership. We developed a strategy to build institutional capacity for global health at the University of Maryland School of Nursing (UMSON) and aimed to identify key elements of success. Methods We used a case study approach to identify and analyse the key elements in the successful implementation of UMSON's 6-year global health strategic plan to build institutional capacity for programmatic partnerships with nursing schools in Nigeria, Liberia, Rwanda, and Haiti, and faculty and student exchange programmes with schools of nursing in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. Findings Four crucial elements were identified in successful programme implementation: (1) strong advocacy for global health by student and faculty organisations within UMSON and the University of Maryland Baltimore; (2) integration of global health into the School of Nursing's overall strategic plan; (3) establishment of the Office of Global Health to provide core institutional agency to leverage resources; and (4) development of strong partnerships with nursing schools in Africa, the Caribbean, Asia, and the Middle East, which includes faculty and student exchange programmes and long-term programmatic collaborations that focus on nursing capacity development. Interpretation The implementation of UMSON's strategic plan for global health has provided a sustainable institutional framework that supports the development of partnerships with other schools of nursing in several countries worldwide. These partnerships have provided mutually beneficial educational experiences for nursing students and faculty from both UMSON and our sister schools of nursing. These partnerships have also contributed to continuing changes in nursing education and practice at home and abroad. Funding None.
Radioisotopic 15Cr-Leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay. I. Demonstration of anti-tumor immunity in patients with breast carcinoma

Abstract a simplified radioisotopic leukocyte adherence inhibition assay ( 51 Cr-LAI assay) was used to determine tumor-directed immune responses in patients with cancer of the breast. Essential steps in development of this assay are the standardization of conditions for optimal 51 Cr uptake by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the inclusion of autologous or normal AB serum in the incubation media. A dextrose salt mixture (GNK) was found to enhance intracellular uptake of 51 Cr significantly (8-fold) without affecting viability of the cells or without causing selective loss of lymphocyte subpopulations. The presence of 10% autologous or normal AB serum prevented non-specific LAI responses to unrelated tumor antigens. In a study of 46 preoperative patients with suspected breast cancer, clear and accurate prediction of the presence of cancer was achieved with this new assay. All patients with localized breast cancer showed significant adherence inhibition in response to allogeneic breast tumor extracts whereas normal control women and patients with benign disease did not respond. Neither patients with cancer nor those with benign breast diseases reacted to extracts of benign breast tissue antigens. LAI reactivities appeared to be directed selectively against tumor-associated antigens (TAA) and reflect specific anti-tumor immunity. This short term (4 h) 51 Cr-LAI assay provides reproducible and specific results analogous to those using tube-LAI assay. The test has the advantages of being accurate, sensitive and free from technical bias.
Monitoring the correction of glycogen storage disease type 1a in a mouse model using [18F]FDG and a dedicated animal scanner

Abstract Monitoring gene therapy of glycogen storage disease type 1a in a mouse model was achieved using [18F]FDG and a dedicated animal scanner. The G6Pase knockout (KO) mice were compared to the same mice after infusion with a recombinant adenovirus containing the murine G6Pase gene (Ad-mG6Pase). Serial images of the same mouse before and after therapy were obtained and compared with wild-type (WT) mice of the same strain to determine the uptake and retention of [18F]FDG in the liver. Image data were acquired from heart, blood pool and liver for twenty minutes after injection of [18F]FDG. The retention of [18F]FDG was lower for the WT mice compared to the KO mice. The mice treated with adenovirus-mediated gene therapy had retention similar to that found in age-matched WT mice. These studies show that FDG can be used to monitor the G6Pase concentration in liver of WT mice as compared to G6Pase KO mice. In these mice, gene therapy returned the liver function to that found in age matched WT controls as measured by the FDG kinetics in the liver compared to that found in age matched wild type controls.
Platelet alpha 2-adrenoreceptors, catecholamines, hemodynamic variables, and anxiety in panic patients and their asymptomatic relatives.

The objectives of this study were to a) replicate our prior finding of a decreased number (Bmax) of platelet alpha 2-adrenoreceptors in panic disorder, b) determine if binding is also decreased in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of panic patients (known to be at increased risk for developing panic), and c) evaluate the effect of treatment on the presumptive decrease in binding (i.e., is the decrease a state or a trait marker for panic?). Panic patients had clonidine and yohimbine platelet-binding assays, symptom ratings, and measurement of lying and standing plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate before treatment, after approximately 2 months of medication (fluoxetine, tricyclics, or alprazolam) and/or cognitive behavioral treatment, and after symptom remission while drug free; normal subjects had determinations of the same measures at approximately the same time intervals. Relatives of both groups had one determination only of all measures. Tritiated clonidine binding was decreased and lying heart rate was increased in patients before treatment. Magnitude of binding decrease was correlated with symptom severity and standing norepinephrine. No binding abnormality was seen in first-degree relatives of patients. Treatment increased clonidine binding in patients. Both patients and relatives of patients showed significantly increased standing plasma norepinephrine in comparison to controls. There is a state-related decrease in binding, associated with symptom severity and norepinephrine, in panic disorder. Abnormal reactivity of norepinephrine to standing might be a marker for increased likelihood of panic development in individuals at risk.
Induction of Sterilizing Immunity against West Nile Virus (WNV), by Immunization with WNV-Like Particles Produced in Insect Cells

No specific vaccine for West Nile virus (WNV) is currently available for human use. In the present study, we describe the generation of WNV-like particles (WNV-LPs) in insect cells by use of recombinant baculoviruses expressing the WNV structural proteins prME or CprME. BALB/c mice immunized with purified WNV-LPs developed WNV-specific antibodies that had potent neutralizing activities. Mice immunized with prME-like particles (prME-LPs) showed no morbidity or mortality after challenge with WNV. Immunization with prMELPs can induce sterilizing immunity without producing any evidence of viremia or viral RNA in the spleen or brain. These results suggest that WNV-LPs hold promise as a vaccine candidate for WNV infection.
Lipid Pattern in Experimental Canine Atherosclerosis

An experiment was conducted to compare the effects of feeding cholesterol alone, thiouracil alone, and cholesterol and thiouracil combined, on the serum lipids and arteries of dogs. These substances were added to a basal diet rich in linoleic acid. Serum cholesterol and total serum lipids were determined periodically during the four-month period of feeding, and serum and tissue lipids obtained at necropsy were fractionated and analyzed by silicic acid column and gas chromatography. During the period of feeding the experimental diets, three levels of hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipemia were produced. The smallest increase over control levels occurred in the animals receiving cholesterol alone; an intermediate increase was produced in those receiving thiouracil alone; and the greatest increase occurred in the group receiving both cholesterol and thiouracil. The lipemia was proportional to the cholesterolemia in each of the experimental groups. Only those dogs receiving both cholesterol and thiouracil deve...
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment of Insomnia

Chronic insomnia (symptoms for ≥ 6 months) is the most common sleep disorder, affecting 6% to 10% of adults in the general population, with even higher rates in patients with comorbid conditions (eg, hypertension, 44%; cardiac disease, 44.1%; breathing problems, 41.5%). Traditionally, chronic insomnia occurring with another condition has been considered secondary and rarely received direct treatment because treatment of the primary condition was expected to improve the insomnia. However, this approach often failed because chronic insomnia is maintained by behaviors, cognitions, and associations that patients adopt as they attempt to cope with poor sleep but that end up backfiring (eg, increasing caffeine, spending more time in bed, trying harder to sleep). Cognitive behavioral treatment of insomnia (CBTi) targets those behaviors, cognitions, and associations and is effective across a variety of populations, including those with medical and psychologic comorbidities. Thus, in 2005, a National Institutes of Health expert consensus panel on chronic insomnia recommended dropping the term "secondary insomnia" in favor of the term "comorbid insomnia." Because CBTi does not carry the risks associated with some sleep medications (eg, dependency, polypharmacy, cognitive and psychomotor impairment), it is an attractive option for patients with other conditions. Through the Society of Behavioral Sleep Medicine (www.behavioralsleep.org) and the American Board of Sleep Medicine (www.absm.org), it is possible to find practitioners with expertise in CBTi (as well as other aspects of behavioral sleep medicine) and other behavioral sleep resources. Given the currently limited number of trained practitioners, exploration of alternative delivery methods (eg, briefer protocols, self-help, Internet) to improve access to this highly effective treatment and expanded training in these treatments are warranted.
Nonparametric Bayesian Inference and Efficient Parsing for Tree-adjoining Grammars

In the line of research extending statistical parsing to more expressive grammar formalisms, we demonstrate for the first time the use of tree-adjoining grammars (TAG). We present a Bayesian nonparametric model for estimating a probabilistic TAG from a parsed corpus, along with novel block sampling methods and approximation transformations for TAG that allow efficient parsing. Our work shows performance improvements on the Penn Treebank and finds more compact yet linguistically rich representations of the data, but more importantly provides techniques in grammar transformation and statistical inference that make practical the use of these more expressive systems, thereby enabling further experimentation along these lines.
Comparative Analysis of Chromatin Binding by Sex Comb on Midleg (SCM) and Other Polycomb Group Repressors at a Drosophila Hox Gene

Sex Comb on Midleg (SCM) is a transcriptional repressor in the Polycomb group (PcG), but its molecular role in PcG silencing is not known. Although SCM can interact with Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) in vitro, biochemical studies have indicated that SCM is not a core constituent of PRC1 or PRC2. Nevertheless, SCM is just as critical for Drosophila Hox gene silencing as canonical subunits of these well-characterized PcG complexes. To address functional relationships between SCM and other PcG components, we have performed chromatin immunoprecipitation studies using cultured Drosophila Schneider line 2 (S2) cells and larval imaginal discs. We find that SCM associates with a Polycomb response element (PRE) upstream of the Ubx gene which also binds PRC1, PRC2, and the DNA-binding PcG protein Pleiohomeotic (PHO). However, SCM is retained at this Ubx PRE despite genetic disruption or knockdown of PHO, PRC1, or PRC2, suggesting that SCM chromatin targeting does not require prior association of these other PcG components. Chromatin immunoprecipitations (IPs) to test the consequences of SCM genetic disruption or knockdown revealed that PHO association is unaffected, but reduced levels of PRE-bound PRC2 and PRC1 were observed. We discuss these results in light of current models for recruitment of PcG complexes to chromatin targets.
Boundary Control: Subnational Authoritarianism in Democratic Countries

This article considers the political situation of an authoritarian province in a nationally democratic country. The objective is to uncover strategies that incumbents (in this article, governors) pursue to perpetuate provincial authoritarian regimes, as well as dynamics that can undermine such regimes. A central insight is that controlling the scope of provincial conflict (that is, the extent to which it is localized or nationalized) is a major objective of incumbents and oppositions in struggles over local democratization. Authoritarian incumbents will thus pursue "boundary control" strategies, which are played out in multiple arenas of a national territorial system. The article fleshes out these processes via comparative analysis of two conflicts over subnational democratization in 2004: the state of Oaxaca in Mexico and the province of Santiago del Estero in Argentina.
The Form and Function of Remedial Moves: Reported Use, Psychological Reality and Perceived Effectiveness

Three studies were conducted to examine the form and function of remedial moves. In the first study, the remedial moves that subjects reported using and receiving were analysed for frequency of occurrence. A surprisingly large percentage (55%) of these moves involved a combination of concessions and accounts. Subjects in the second study sorted into categories a sample of these remedial moves. A hierarchical cluster analysis of these sorts provided evidence for the psychological reality of some of the primary conceptual categories of remedial moves. A multidimensional scaling analysis suggests that the major remedial move types can be ordered on a single dimension. The results of the third study provided further support for this dimension, and suggest that remedial moves can be ordered in terms of the extent to which they encode concern for the face of the speaker and hearer. As expected, perception of hearer satisfaction was greater for moves that encoded concern for the hearer's face, and the more satis...
Facilitating Content Analysis in Tourism Research

The article proposes a new methodological approach to facilitate content analysis of electronic textual data in a more efficient and transparent way. The textual data are processed iteratively by two software products, CATPAC and WORDER. This approach permits smoothing of the original textual data, identification of the variables of interest, frequency count of the occurrences of these variables in the texts being processed, storage of frequency results in general purpose statistical packages, and subsequent dimensional reduction of word-frequency data by means of factor analysis. Application of this methodology is illustrated on three examples of destination-image studies, which cover content analyses of open-ended responses to e-survey questions, texts from tourism Web sites, and newspaper articles. Advantages and disadvantages of the proposed research technique, its contribution to tourism studies, and the place of the approach within the quantitative paradigm of content analysis are also discussed.
Dynamic implicit solids with constraints for haptic sculpting

We present a novel, interactive shape modeling technique: dynamic implicit solid modeling, which unifies volumetric implicit functions and powerful physics-based modeling. Although implicit functions are extremely powerful in graphics, geometric design, and shape modeling, the full potential of implicit functions is yet to be fully realized due to the lack of flexible and interactive design techniques. In order to broaden the accessibility of implicit functions in geometric modeling, we marry the implicit solids, which are semi-algebraic sets of volumetric implicit functions, with the principle of physics-based models and formulate dynamic implicit solids. By using "density springs" to connect the scalar values of implicit functions, we offer a viable solution to introduce the elasticity into implicit representations. As a result, our dynamic implicit solids respond to sculpting forces in a natural and predictive manner. The geometric and physical behaviors are tightly coupled in our modeling system. The flexibility of our modeling technique allows users to easily modify the geometry and topology of sculpted objects, while the inherent physical properties can provide a natural interface for direct, force-based free-form deformation. The additional constraints provide users more control on the dynamic implicit solids. We have developed a sculpting system equipped with a large variety of physics-based toolkits and an intuitive haptic interface to facilitate the direct, natural editing of implicit functions in real-time. Our experiments demonstrate many attractive advantages of our dynamic approach for implicit modeling such as intuitive control, direct manipulation, real-time haptic feedback, and capability to model complicated geometry and arbitrary topology.
Cloud‐to‐ground lightning and surface rainfall in warm‐season Florida thunderstorms

the lagged rain volume concurrent with CG flashes ranged from 0.43 � 10 4 to 4.9 � 10 4 m 3 /CG flash, and the mean was 1.9 � 10 4 ± 1.7 � 10 4 m 3 /CG flash. For the five storms that produced 12 or more flashes and had significant lags, a plot of the optimum lag time versus the total number of CG flashes shows a linear trend (R 2 = 0.56). The number of storms is limited, but the lag results do indicate that large storms tend to have longer lags. A linear fit to the lagged rain volume vs. the number of concurrent CG flashes has a slope of 1.9 � 10 4 m 3 /CG flash (R 2 = 0.83). We conclude that warm-season Florida thunderstorms produce a roughly constant rain volume per CG flash and that CG lightning can be used to estimate the location and intensity of convective rainfall in that weather regime.
Needs and Challenges for Big Data in Radiation Oncology.

Big Data is at the forefront of interest in radiation oncology, and several initiatives seek to understand what we can learn from it and how we can use it. Underlying these efforts are several needs and challenges specific to the problem of analyzing large samples of clinical data. There are technical challenges in data completeness, data integrity, and the technical systems able to collect and aggregate it, as well as cultural challenges around structured medical record management. Further complications are encountered in the legal and ethical challenges that must be respected to insure patient privacy. These challenges are discussed in the context of a learning health system in radiation oncology.
Livestock Production, Climate Change, and Human Health: Closing the Awareness Gap

Livestock should be removed from public lands for myriad reasons. Eliminating what is now extensive grazing by ruminants would cut methane emissions, with attendant benefits for climate mitigation. Removing livestock from public lands also mirrors federal nutrition policy, particularly the recommendation to eat less red meat. Much of the degraded environmental conditions on public lands and waters caused by ruminant grazing would end, thereby enabling improvement or even recovery. Finally, undertaking this policy shift would make fiscal sense by saving taxpayer dollars.
THE INCIDENCE OF SUBASTRAGALOID DISLOCATION OF THE FOOT WITH A REPORT OF ONE CASE OF THE INWARD TYPE

1. One case of the inward type of subastragaloid dislocation without fracture is reported. 2. There are a total of 139 reported cases of subastragaloid dislocation in the literature. 3. The inward type constitutes fifty-five and four-tenths per cent. of this number, the outward type thirty-three and one-tenth per cent., the backward type seven and two-tenths per cent., and the forward type four and three-tenths per cent. 4. The most common age is in the third decade between twenty and twenty-nine years. 5. The dislocation is six times more common in men than in women.
Repeated autologous umbilical cord blood infusions are feasible and had no acute safety issues in young babies with congenital hydrocephalus.

Repeated autologous umbilical cord blood infusions are feasible and had no acute safety issues in young babies with congenital hydrocephalus
Effect of outer boundary condition, reservoir size, and CO2 effective permeability on pressure and CO2 saturation predictions under carbon sequestration conditions

A TOUGH2 simulation was conducted to investigate how the change of key model parameters affects pressure and CO2 saturation response to CO2 injection into a deep CO2 storage reservoir. Given a domain of 100 × 100 km and a formation permeability of 10−13 m2, outer boundary condition does not have a significant impact on pressure increase and CO2 saturation results. In a simulation period of 30 years of CO2 injection + 100 years of post CO2 injection, with a total CO2 injection volume of 6.3×107 m3 at T = 47°C and P = 10.5 MPa (equivalent mass of 30 million tonnes of CO2), there is no pressure difference between the no flow boundary case and the open boundary case given a domain size of 100 x 100 km (a total storage formation pore volume of 1011 m3 at T = 47°C and P = 10.5 MPa), and the maximum CO2 plume radius difference is 0.5%. However, given a domain size of 10 × 10 km, outer boundary condition significantly affects pressure simulation results. At t = 130 years, the pressure increase in the no flow boundary case is 56.5 times of the pressure increase in the open boundary case at the cell 50 m away from the injection well. For the 10 × 10 km case, the impact of outer boundary condition on CO2 saturation results is relatively small. The change in formation permeability significantly affects pressure increase results, while the change in CO2 relative permeability model only affects pressure increase results at cells close to the CO2 injector. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
O-008 The Financial Impact of ADAPT for Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke

Introduction The use of mechanical thrombectomy for treatment of acute ischemic stroke has significantly advanced over the last 5 years. Little data is available analysing the cost relative to the clinical and angiographic outcomes. The aim of this study is to analyze the cost and efficacy of current stroke therapy. Methods A retrospective review of the chart and hospital financial database of all ischemic stroke cases from 2009–2013 was performed. Three discreet treatment methodologies evolved during this time: traditional Penumbra System (PS), stent retriever with local aspiration (SRLA) and A Direct Aspiration first Pass Technique (ADAPT). Statistical analysis of clinical and angiographic outcomes and costs for each group was performed. Results 222 patients (45% male) underwent mechanical thrombectomy, with 88% of strokes present in the anterior circulation. PS was used 58%, SRLA 13% and ADAPT in the remaining 29% of cases. PS was able to achieve TICI2b/3 revascularization 79%, SRLA was effective 83% and ADAPT 95% of the time. The average total cost of hospitalization for patients treated with PS was $51,599, SRLA was $54,700 and ADAPT $33,611 (p Conclusion The most cost effective approach to a large intracranial vessel occlusion appears to be direct aspiration with a large bore catheter (without the separator) first and if this fails then proceed with other devices such as a stentriever. Disclosures A. Turk:1; C; Stryker, Microvention, Penumbra. 2; C; Stryker, Microvention, Covidien, Penumbra, Siemens. 3; C; Stryker, Microvention, Covidien, Siemens, Penumbra. R. Turner: 1; C; Penumbra, Microvention, Stryker. 2; C; Penumbra, Microvention, Stryker. 3; C; Penumbra, Microvention, Stryker. M. Chaudry: 1; C; Penumbra, Microvention, Stryker. 2; C; Penumbra, Microvention, Stryker. 3; C; Penumbra, Microvention, Stryker. A. Spiotta: 1; C; Penumbra, Microvention, Stryker. 2; C; Penumbra, Microvention, Stryker. 3; C; Penumbra, Microvention, Stryker.
220 THE NEUROSYSTEMS AND NEUROSENSOR: A COMBINED NOVEL CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND NEUROCRITICAL CARE MULTIMODALITY MONITORING DEVICE.

Recent developments suggest that improved physiologic monitoring may improve neurocritical care management of neurologically compromised patients. Studies have also demonstrated that laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is a very useful technique in the continuous, real-time measuring and monitoring of local cerebral blood flow (lCBF). The NeuroSensor is a US FDA-approved combined ICBF/intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring device that is placed into the brain parenchyma and secured to the skull by a standard-sized bolt. NeuroSensor allows measurement of lCBF in cc/100 g/min, ICP (mm Hg), calculated CPP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and cerebral vascular resistance and allows provocative testing to determine the presence or absence of CO2 reactivity and cerebral autoregulation. The Neurosystems is a US FDA-approved, novel multimodality monitoring device that combines lCBF and ICP with other monitored systemic physiologic parameters, such as MAP, heart rate, CVP/PAP, EtCO2, and the partial pressure brain tissue oxygen (PbtO2), and others. This provides output data to be viewed as live parametric plots using tunable algorithms and allows these various parameters to be viewed in relational comparison rather than as single data points. The purpose of this study is to measure the parameters mentioned above using the NeuroSensor and Neurosystems in an effort to ultimately gain more accurate measurements and to more effectively treat patients with a variety of pathologies; patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhages, strokes, and traumatic brain injuries will be primarily targeted. As clinical trials began in August 2005, preliminary data from these patients may be presented. Additionally, a description of the combined devices and clinical protocols will also be presented. In conclusion, it is anticipated that the continuous, real-time monitoring and heightened accuracy of cerebral blood flow monitoring using the NeuroSensor and the multimodality monitoring using Neurosystems may prove to be an advantage in clinical decision making and ultimately improve clinical outcomes for these patients.
Obsessive compulsive disorder: comorbid conditions

According to DSM-IV criteria, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by recurrent, intrusive images or thoughts and/or stereotyped, repetitive behaviors that are associated with marked distress, anxiety, or psychosocial impairment. The differential diagnosis of OCD can be quite difficult since OCD symptomatology can occur as either primary or secondary phenomena. Comorbid depression or personality disorder is not uncommon in patients with primary OCD. Other comorbid conditions that occur with OCD can be divided into three major groups based on core features: (1) disorders of altered risk assessment; (2) incompleteness/habit-spectrum disorders; and (3) psychotic spectrum disorders. Such a categorization of core dimensions and comorbid conditions may prove useful in identifying distinct OCD subtypes that share underlying neurobiological or treatment response characteristics.
Tracheomalacia from compressing goiter: management after thyroidectomy

Tracheomalacia may result from prolonged compression by expanding goiter, particularly within the confines of the thoracic inlet. Constriction of the upper airway by the growing goiter may be indication for operation, but the residual problem of tracheomalacia after thyroidectomy is a life-threatening postoperative complication. Examples of postoperative tracheomalacia in patients with neglected goiters endemic in the third world or recurrent goiter with airway compromise in a western medical center referral practice are described for development of management methods. Two patients with lethal postthyroidectomy tracheomalacia led me to anticipate this complication in certain identifiable high-risk patients in my own practice, and the cases of five patients are described for whom several techniques of tracheal support were attempted. One patient, for whom staged tracheoplasty was planned, opted for tracheostomy, whereas four patients have had adequate tracheal airways restored by extrinsic support. One was treated by subtotal thyroidectomy with tracheal suspension; one by staged thyroid reductions; two were treated by creation of extrinsic tracheal neo-rings constructed of surgical wire and vascular prostheses. The patient with the most dramatic airway impairment from the most extensive tracheomalacia experienced very satisfactory airway security. A second patient was also supported by the prosthetic rings but extruded one of them, possibly because of tracheostomy contamination. Until tracheal replacement or better tolerated prosthetic or biologic supports are devised, tracheomalacia will remain a vexing problem complicating thyroidectomy for long-standing or recurrent airway-compressing goiter.
Magnetic structures of TbC2 and HoC2

Abstract The neutron diffraction data have shown that in TbC 2 and HoC 2 a short-range magnetic order develops below 400 and 320°K and an a-axis modulated antiferromagnetic long-range order starts at 66 and 26°K, respectively. In TbC 2 , another complex magnetic structure coexists below 30°K.
[8]Annulene Derivatives of Actinides and Lanthanides

A number of [8]annulene actinide and lanthanide compounds are now known at oxidation levels of the central metal of +2, +3, and +4. Several structures have been established for these compounds. The [8]annulene ring is generally present as a planar octagonal ring of carbons with the metal centrally located. Many structures are those of sandwich compounds with the metal located between parallel rings. The original system, uranocene, is the most stable and the most thoroughly studied of these compounds. Only limited chemistry has been explored so far with these systems; in the sandwich compounds the large rings hinder coordination at the central metal. Uranocene is paramagnetic and shows a wide range of 1H chemical shifts that have been particularly useful in studies of structure and electronic structure. Especially valuable are derived barriers for a number of dynamic processes. These energies provide significant new information concerning intramolecular interactions.