cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The application of various disinfectants by fogging for decreasing postharvest diseases of strawberry

Abstract In this study, chlorine dioxide (ClO2), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), citric acid (C6H8O7) and ethanol (EtOH) were applied to strawberry fruit using a fogger with an ultrasonic aerosol generator that can produce spheres at 1.2 μm in diameter. Fruit were treated at room temperature for 30 min while with the fogger operating and for an additional 30 min in the fog consisting of disinfectants. Treated fruit were stored at 1 °C for 5 days and an additional 2 days at 20 °C. The percentage of infected fruit and microorganism populations on the surface of the fruit and in the storage air were evaluated to determine the efficacy of treatments. Chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, citric acid and ethanol significantly reduced the percentage of infected fruit. The percentage of decay was reduced to 14.5% from 83.2% by the hydrogen peroxide treatment at 2000 μL L−1 and to 32.5% by sodium hypochlorite at 2000 μL L−1 in the first experiment. In addition, all chemicals significantly reduced the total number of microorganisms on the fruit surface and in the storage atmosphere. Hydrogen peroxide at 2000 μL L−1 achieved approximately a 2 log reduction on the surface microorganism population in the first experiment. The study showed that application of disinfectants by fogging was effective in reducing postharvest diseases of strawberry.
Postural specificity of cardiovascular adaptations to exercise training

The purposes of this study were to determine 1) whether posture affects the magnitude of cardiovascular adaptations to training and 2) whether cardiovascular adaptations resulting from exercise tra...
Telemetered electromyography of peroneus longus in Varecia variegata and Eulemur rubriventer: implications for the functional significance of a large peroneal process

A foot specialized for grasping small branches with a divergent opposable hallux (hallucal grasping) represents a key adaptive complex characterizing almost all arboreal non-human euprimates. Evolution of such grasping extremities probably allowed members of a lineage leading to the common ancestor of modern primates to access resources available in a small-branch niche, including angiosperm products and insects. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which euprimates use their feet to grasp will help clarify the functional significance of morphological differences between the euprimate grasp complex and features representing specialized grasping in other distantly related groups (e.g., marsupials and carnivorans) and in closely related fossil taxa (e.g., plesiadapiforms). In particular, among specialized graspers euprimates are uniquely characterized by a large peroneal process on the base of the first metatarsal, but the functional significance of this trait is poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that the large size of the peroneal process corresponds to the pull of the attaching peroneus longus muscle recruited to adduct the hallux during grasping. Using telemetered electromyography on three individuals of Varecia variegata and two of Eulemur rubriventer, we found that peroneus longus does not generally exhibit activity consistent with an important function in hallucal grasping. Instead, extrinsic digital flexor muscles and, sometimes, the intrinsic adductor hallucis are active in ways that indicate a function in grasping with the hallux. Peroneus longus helps evert the foot and resists its inversion. We conclude that the large peroneal tuberosity that characterizes the hallucal metatarsal of prosimian euprimates does not correlate to "powerful" grasping with a divergent hallux in general, and cannot specifically be strongly linked to vertical clinging and climbing on small-diameter supports. Thus, the functional significance of this hallmark, euprimate feature remains to be determined.
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Evolutionary Correlation Using Likelihood

Many evolutionary processes can lead to a change in the correlation between continuous characters over time or on different branches of a phylogenetic tree. Shifts in genetic or functional constraint, in the selective regime, or in some combination thereof can influence both the evolution of continuous traits and their relation to each other. These changes can often be mapped on a phylogenetic tree to examine their influence on multivariate phenotypic diversification. We propose a new likelihood method to fit multiple evolutionary rate matrices (also called evolutionary variance-covariance matrices) to species data for two or more continuous characters and a phylogeny. The evolutionary rate matrix is a matrix containing the evolutionary rates for individual characters on its diagonal, and the covariances between characters (of which the evolutionary correlations are a function) elsewhere. To illustrate our approach, we apply the method to an empirical dataset consisting of two features of feeding morphology sampled from 28 centrarchid fish species, as well as to data generated via phylogenetic numerical simulations. We find that the method has appropriate type I error, power, and parameter estimation. The approach presented herein is the first to allow for the explicit testing of how and when the evolutionary covariances between characters have changed in the history of a group.
Tobacco nectarin V is a flavin-containing berberine bridge enzyme-like protein with glucose oxidase activity.

Ornamental tobacco (Nicotiana langsdorffii X N. sanderae) secretes a limited array of proteins (nectarins) into its floral nectar. Careful sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of tobacco nectar revealed that a broad protein band from 61 to 65 kD actually consists of five discrete protein bands. N-terminal sequencing and tryptic peptide mass spectrometry fingerprint analysis demonstrated that the upper three bands are isoforms of the same protein, NEC5 (Nectarin V), whereas the lower two bands, NEC4 (Nectarin IV), are related to each other but not to NEC5. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based upon N-terminal sequence of NEC5 generated a short cDNA that encoded the N terminus of the NEC5 protein. Two rounds of inverse-PCR using genomic DNA permitted the isolation of approximately one-half of the coding region of the nec5 gene along with 787 nucleotides of the 5′-flanking region. This DNA fragment was used as a probe to isolate a near full-length nec5 clone from a nectary-derived cDNA library. BLAST analysis identified the nec5 cDNA as a berberine bridge enzyme-like protein. Approximately 40% of the cDNA sequence corresponded to peptides that were identified by tryptic peptide mass spectrometry fingerprint analysis of the NEC5 protein, thereby confirming that this cDNA encoded the NEC5 protein. In-gel assays also demonstrated that NEC5 contains a covalently linked flavin, and it possesses glucose oxidase activity. RT-PCR-based expression analyses showed that nec5 expression is limited exclusively to the nectary gland during late stages of floral development.
Parental recognition of shunt failure: a prospective single-institution study.

Object Because there is no gold standard for preoperative diagnosis of shunt failure, understanding the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of symptoms, signs, and diagnostic tests enables practitioners to make logical clinical decisions. Parents of children with shunts undergo educational instruction to enable them to recognize shunt failure. The authors prospectively investigated parental ability to recognize shunt failure. Methods Data were prospectively collected on 205 consecutive encounters in 153 children with shunted hydrocephalus presenting to the emergency department or clinic, or as an inpatient consultation, to the Children's Hospital of Alabama between April and October 2010. Regardless of the complaint, all parents were asked if they believed the shunt was in failure. Six children were excluded from analysis because a parental response was lacking. Using the Shunt Design Trial definitions, shunt failure was diagnosed intraoperatively or ruled out if the child did not undergo shun...
SELF CONCEPT AS A PREDICTOR OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

Is direction of socialization stable through early adolescence? A cross-sectional assessment of 12- to 15-year-old children in Akron, Ohio, by sex, race, and type of neighborhood was made. Average scores for the various age groups were found to be quite stable, pointing to a differential internalization of direction of self and to a possibility of working preventively most effectively with 12-year-olds.
Scalable image and video transmission using irregular repeat-accumulate codes with fast algorithm for optimal unequal error protection

This paper considers designing and applying punctured irregular repeat-accumulate (IRA) codes for scalable image and video transmission over binary symmetric channels. IRA codes of different rates are obtained by puncturing the parity bits of a mother IRA code, which uses a systematic encoder. One of the main ideas presented here is the design of the mother code such that the entire set of higher rate codes obtained by puncturing are good. To find a good unequal error protection for embedded bit streams, we employ the fast joint source-channel coding algorithm in Hamzaoui et al. to minimize the expected end-to-end distortion. We test with two scalable image coders (SPIHT and JPEG-2000) and two scalable video coders (3-D SPIHT and H.26L-based PFGS). Simulations show better results with IRA codes than those reported in Banister et al. with JPEG-2000 and turbo codes. The IRA codes proposed here also have lower decoding complexity than the turbo codes used by Banister et al.
A 14-bit 10-MHz calibration-free CMOS pipelined A/D converter

A 14-bit 10-MHz sampling analog-to-digital converter has been realized without calibration in a double-poly 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS process. The ADC utilizes a 4-stage pipelined architecture with a wide-band sample-and-hold amplifier and achieves the highest resolution reported to date at 10 MHz. The chip occupies a die area of 19 mm/sup 2/, uses a single 5 V supply voltage, and dissipates only 210 mW. Measured DNL and INL are /spl plusmn/0.7 LSB and /spl plusmn/2.5 LSB, respectively. The SNR and THD for a 1 MHz input signal are 81 dB and -87 dB, respectively.
High performance germanium MOSFETs

Abstract Ge is a very promising material as future channel materials for nanoscale MOSFETs due to its high mobility and thus a higher source injection velocity, which translates into higher drive current and smaller gate delay. However, for Ge to become main-stream, surface passivation and heterogeneous integration of crystalline Ge layers on Si must be achieved. We have demonstrated growth of fully relaxed smooth single crystal Ge layers on Si using a novel multi-step growth and hydrogen anneal process without any graded buffer SiGe layer. Surface passivation of Ge has been achieved with its native oxynitride (GeOxNy) and high-permittivity (high-k) metal oxides of Al, Zr and Hf. High mobility MOSFETs have been demonstrated in bulk Ge with high-k gate dielectrics and metal gates. However, due to their smaller bandgap and higher dielectric constant, most high mobility materials suffer from large band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) leakage currents and worse short channel effects. We present novel, Si and Ge based heterostructure MOSFETs, which can significantly reduce the BTBT leakage currents while retaining high channel mobility, making them suitable for scaling into the sub-15 nm regime. Through full band Monte-Carlo, Poisson-Schrodinger and detailed BTBT simulations we show a dramatic reduction in BTBT and excellent electrostatic control of the channel, while maintaining very high drive currents in these highly scaled heterostructure DGFETs. Heterostructure MOSFETs with varying strained-Ge or SiGe thickness, Si cap thickness and Ge percentage were fabricated on bulk Si and SOI substrates. The ultra-thin (∼2 nm) strained-Ge channel heterostructure MOSFETs exhibited >4× mobility enhancements over bulk Si devices and >10× BTBT reduction over surface channel strained SiGe devices.
Delineation of the Middle Longitudinal Fascicle in Humans: A Quantitative, In Vivo, DT-MRI Study

Experimental and imaging studies in monkeys have outlined various long association fiber bundles within the temporoparietal region. In the present study the trajectory of the middle longitudinal fascicle (MdLF) has been delineated in 4 human subjects using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging segmentation and tractography. The MdLF seems to extend from the inferior parietal lobule (IPL), specifically the angular gyrus, to the temporal pole remaining within the white matter of the superior temporal gyrus (STG). Comparison of the superior longitudinal fascicle II-arcuate fascicle (SLF II-AF) with the MdLF in the same subjects revealed that MdLF is located in a medial and caudal position relative to SLF II-AF and that it extends more rostrally. Given the location of MdLF between the IPL (angular gyrus) and the STG, it is suggested that MdLF could have a role in language and attention functions.
Four Popular Books on Consumer Debt: A Context for Quantitative Literacy

The topics of credit cards, mortgages, subprime lending, and fringe banking are rich sources of problems and discussions for classes focused on quantitative literacy. In this theme book review, we look at four recent books on the consumer debt industry: Credit Card Nation, by Robert Manning; Maxed Out, by James Scurlock; Collateral Damaged, by Charles Geisst; and Broke, USA, by Gary Rivlin. Credit Card Nation takes a scholarly look at the history of credit in America with a focus on the genesis and growth of the credit card industry up to the turn of the 20th century. Maxed Out also examines the credit card industry, but its approach is to highlight the stories of individuals struggling with debt and thereby examine some of the damaging effects of credit card debt in the United States. Collateral Damaged is a timely exploration of the root causes at the institutional level of the credit crisis that began in 2008. Broke USA focuses on high-cost financing (pawn shops, payday loans, title loans), describing the history of what Rivlin calls the "poverty industry" and the political and legal challenges critics have mounted against the industry. Each of these books has something to offer a wide variety of quantitative literacy classes, providing scenarios, statistics, and problems worthy of examination. After reviewing each of the four books, we provide several examples of such quantitative literacy applications and close with some thoughts on the relationship between financial literacy and quantitative literacy.
Nanotechnology . . . What Is It Good For? (Absolutely Everything): A Problem Definition Approach

Problem definition studies focus on the ways in which problems are characterized in the political domain, and how they can be used strategically to limit or expand policy participation. Nanotechnology entrepreneurs are vying for resources in the political domain while strategically linking their nano-solution to multiple and ambiguous problems. This article considers the evolution of nanotechnology as a solution, and the linked problems from a problem definition perspective. We consider how nanotechnology has been defined over time, in the scientific community and in the media, through development of a database of problem and solution definitional change. We find that, over time, advocates have defined the solution from a more narrow perspective while maintaining the overall ambiguity of the problem set. We suggest that the problem definition perspective is a viable framework for understanding the fluid and complex dynamics of science and technology issues and offer several suggestions for further research.
Mixed Mode Fracture in Electronic Packages

In this paper, mixedmode (mode I + mode II) fracture toughness data are presented for the prediction of molding compound (silica filled epoxy resin) failure. The stresses necessary to cause the package cracking under mixed mode loading are experimentally determined. Measured toughness values are presented as a function of modemixity and temperature
The crystal structure of Bacillus cereus phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase: Insight into catalysis of phosphorus bond cleavage and catalytic diversification within the had enzyme superfamily

Phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase (phosphonatase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphonoacetaldehyde to acetaldehyde and phosphate using Mg(II) as cofactor. The reaction proceeds via a novel bicovalent catalytic mechanism in which an active-site nucleophile abstracts the phosphoryl group from the Schiff-base intermediate formed from Lys53 and phosphonoacetaldehyde. In this study, the X-ray crystal structure of the Bacillus cereus phosphonatase homodimer complexed with the phosphate (product) analogue tungstate (Ki = 50 μM) and the Mg(II) cofactor was determined to 3.0 A resolution with an Rcryst = 0.248 and Rfree = 0.284. Each monomer is made up of an α/β core domain consisting of a centrally located six-stranded parallel β-sheet surrounded by six α-helices. Two flexible, solvated linkers connect to a small cap domain (residues 21−99) that consists of an antiparallel, five-helix bundle. The subunit−subunit interface, formed by the symmetrical packing of the two α8 helices from the respective core domains, is...
A numerical study of damping

Diagonal damping matrices were computed for three systems which have non-proportional damping matrices. These diagonal damping matrices were computed on three bases, as follows: 1. After normalizing the equations of motion by the modal matrix, the diagonal terms are retained ignoring the non-diagonal terms. 2. Diagonal damping matrix is established by the optimization algorithm which minimizes the mean square error of the frequency response. 3. Diagonal damping is determined from the normalized differential equation by matching the peaks of the coupled and uncoupled system. The frequency responses for the three cases of one of the three systems are presented together with a comparison of the energy dissipation.
Intermodulation in high-frequency bipolar transistor integrated-circuit mixers

Intermodulation in bipolar-transistor double-balanced mixers at high frequencies is analyzed theoretically and by computer simulation. The dependence of the distortion on a relatively few normalized parameters is illustrated. Computed results are compared with measurements on a monolithic quad mixer.
Model Selection by Linear Programming

Budget constraints arise in many computer vision problems. Computational costs limit many automated recognition systems while crowdsourced systems are hindered by monetary costs. We leverage wide variability in image complexity and learn adaptive model selection policies. Our learnt policy maximizes performance under average budget constraints by selecting “cheap” models for low complexity instances and utilizing descriptive models only for complex ones. During training, we assume access to a set of models that utilize features of different costs and types. We consider a binary tree architecture where each leaf corresponds to a different model. Internal decision nodes adaptively guide model-selection process along paths on a tree. The learning problem can be posed as an empirical risk minimization over training data with a non-convex objective function. Using hinge loss surrogates we show that adaptive model selection reduces to a linear program thus realizing substantial computational efficiencies and guaranteed convergence properties.
The Limits of Political Control: How Organizational Capacity Influences Regulatory Review

Contemporary studies of administrative politics focus primarily on political control and largely ignore institutional capacity. In this paper, we argue that both political and organizational factors, as well as the interactions between the two, are essential in explaining executive policymaking. To test this theory, we consider the case of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA), an agency largely perceived as a political instrument of the president. Using a new dataset of more than 35,000 rules reviewed by OIRA from 1988-2013, we not only find that political factors influence the length of review but organizational factors also exhibit a significant role. Specifically, we find that review is generally longer when OIRA is understaffed and over-worked. Further, we demonstrate that low institutional capacity inhibits the president's ability to expedite priority rules. Overall, this study highlights the organizational limitations of political control.
Capillary condensation hysteresis in overlapping spherical pores: a Monte Carlo simulation study.

The mechanisms of hysteretic phase transformations in fluids confined to porous bodies depend on the size and shape of pores, as well as their connectivity. We present a Monte Carlo simulation study of capillary condensation and evaporation cycles in the course of Lennard-Jones fluid adsorption in the system of overlapping spherical pores. This model system mimics pore shape and connectivity in some mesoporous materials obtained by templating cubic surfactant mesophases or colloidal crystals. We show different mechanisms of capillary hysteresis depending on the size of the window between the pores. For the system with a small window, the hysteresis cycle is similar to that in a single spherical pore: capillary condensation takes place upon achieving the limit of stability of adsorption film and evaporation is triggered by cavitation. When the window is large enough, the capillary condensation shifts to a pressure higher than that of the isolated pore, and the possibility for the equilibrium mechanism of d...
Studies on serum haptoglobin in experimental connective tissue disorders.

SummarySerum haptoglobin was studied in guinea pigs and rabbits in normal animals and after experimental production of connective tissue damage such as in acute scurvy, carrageenan granuloma, turpentine-induced amyloidosis, and intravenous injection of different enzymes (papain, elastase, hyaluronidase, trypsin, chymotrypsin); controls received intravenous ovalbumin and saline. Significant increase of serum haptoglobin was found in acute scurvy (average 8 times normal), carrageenan granuloma (4 times normal) or both combined (5 times normal), and after intravenous injection of papain. elastase and of hyaluronidase (average of 2 to 2.5 times normal). Particularly striking results were obtained with papain and elastase which in some cases produced an increase in haptoglobin up to 7 times the starting value. These methods may be used to obtain reproducible experimental hyperhaptoglobinemia.
Effects of P-V curve-based lung protective ventilation strategy on patients undergoing thoracotomy during one-lung ventilation

Objective Lung protective ventilation strategy can reduce mortality of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) and improve lung function.However,its effect on patients undergoing thoracotomy during one-lung ventilation(OLV) is still under research.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lung protective ventilation strategy based on the P-V curve on gas exchange function and respiratory mechanics in patients undergoing thoracotomy during OLV.Methods Thirty-eight ASA class Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients with normal or mildly decreased lung function(MVV70% and FEV160%) scheduled for selective thoracotomy were randomly divided into group C(conventional ventilation,Vt=10 ml/kg,PEEP=0,n=12),group P0(Vt=6 ml/kg,PEEP=Pinf+0 cmH2O,n=12),and group P2(Vt=6 ml/kg,PEEP=Pinf+2 cmH2O,n=13).Arterial blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis before operation and 20 minutes after OLV and two-lung ventilation(TLV) in lateral decubitus after anesthesia.Airway plateau pressure(Pplat),airway resistance(Raw) and dynamic compliance(Cdyn) were recorded by side stream spirometry 5 minutes after TLV and OLV.Results Compared with pre-operation,both PaO2 and P(A-a)DO2 were increased during OLV and TLV in all the three groups,the former was higher during TLV(P0.01),while the latter during OLV(P0.01).There were no statistical differences in P(A-a)DO2 and PaO2 among the three groups at the same time points(P0.05).Compared with TLV,Cdyn was decreased,while Pplat and Raw increased during OLV(P0.05).Groups P2 and P0 showed higher Cdyn and Pplat during OLV and lower Raw during TLV than group C(P0.05),and group P0 exhibited decreased Raw during OLV in comparison with group P2(P0.01). Conclusion During one-lung ventilation for thoracotomy,lung protective ventilation strategy(Vt=6 ml/kg and PEEP=Pinf) can improve Cdyn,reduce Raw in patients with normal and mildly decreased lung function,but has no effect on oxygenation in patients without hypoxemia.
Applications of MMPBSA to Membrane Proteins I: Efficient Numerical Solutions of Periodic Poisson–Boltzmann Equation

Continuum solvent models have been widely used in biomolecular modeling applications. Recently much attention has been given to inclusion of implicit membranes into existing continuum Poisson–Boltzmann solvent models to extend their applications to membrane systems. Inclusion of an implicit membrane complicates numerical solutions of the underlining Poisson–Boltzmann equation due to the dielectric inhomogeneity on the boundary surfaces of a computation grid. This can be alleviated by the use of the periodic boundary condition, a common practice in electrostatic computations in particle simulations. The conjugate gradient and successive over-relaxation methods are relatively straightforward to be adapted to periodic calculations, but their convergence rates are quite low, limiting their applications to free energy simulations that require a large number of conformations to be processed. To accelerate convergence, the Incomplete Cholesky preconditioning and the geometric multigrid methods have been extended...
Helen’s Eidola in nineteen-century European imagination

Abstract : Nineteen-century European culture reimagines Helen of Troy and her forbidden love with obsessive interest. Starting with her first appearance in the Iliad , Helen displays her beauty to reluctant yet mesmerized audiences. Over millennia, scenes depicting a Helen-like woman as the object of gaze, contradictory feelings, and judgment occupy crucial places in literary works. My essay will examine how the spoofy version of Helen in Offenbach’s La belle Helene relates to two tragic reflections, heroines in the novels of Zola and Tolstoy, Nana and, respectively, Anna Karenina, who are both explicitly linked to the Trojan saga. The focus will be on the narrative accounts in which crowds look at the beautiful heroine, while deriding or condemning her. Keywords: Helen in the Iliad 3; Offenbach’s La belle Helene ; Zola’s Nana ; Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina ; feminine beauty; male gaze; silenced voices of women. Resumo: A cultura europeia do seculo XiX reimagina Helena de Troia e seu amor proibido com um interesse obsessivo. Comecando com sua primeira aparencia, na Iliada , Helena mostra sua beleza para plateias relutantes, ainda que encantadas. Ao longo de milenios, cenas retratando uma mulher qual Helena como objeto do olhar, objeto de sentimentos contraditorios e de julgamento ocupam lugares cruciais em obras literarias. Meu ensaio examinara como a versao caricata de Helena em La belle Helene , de Offenbach, se relaciona a duas imagens tragicas, as heroinas nos romances de Zola e Tolstoi, Nana e Anna Karenina , respectivamente, ambas ligadas explicitamente a saga de Troia. O foco sera nos relatos narrativos em que a multidao olha para a bela heroina, condenando-a ou ridicularizando-a. Palavras-chave: Helena na Iliada , III; La Belle Helene , de Offenbach; Nana , de Zola; Anna Karenina , de Tolstoi; beleza feminina; olhar masculino; vozes silenciadas das mulheres.
Towards Translation of Discrete Frequency Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging for Digital Histopathology of Clinical Biopsy Samples

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging has been widely tested as a tool for stainless digital histology of biomedical specimens, including for the identification of infiltration and fibrosis in endomyocardial biopsy samples to assess transplant rejection. A major barrier in clinical translation has been the slow speed of imaging. To address this need, we tested and report here the viability of using high speed discrete frequency infrared (DFIR) imaging to obtain stain-free biochemical imaging in cardiovascular samples collected from patients. Images obtained by this method were classified with high accuracy by a Bayesian classification algorithm trained on FT-IR imaging data as well as on DFIR data. A single spectral feature correlated with instances of fibrosis, as identified by the pathologist, highlights the advantage of the DFIR imaging approach for rapid detection. The speed of digital pathologic recognition was at least 16 times faster than the fastest FT-IR imaging instrument. The...
Lead Poisoning Risk Assessment: Blood Lead Screening

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) lowered the blood lead level (BPb) considered a toxic risk to children from 25 mcg/dL to 10 mcg/dL in Oct 1991.
Health Narratives in the Greek Translated Press

This paper looks see how meaning is constructed in translated news texts about health and science and awards a narrative potential to unforced translation shifts, moving along the theoretical lines of Baker's Narrative Theory (2006). The thematic thread of health zooms in on “emotional frames” (Nabi, 2003) of risk and fear of human health that is narrated as being 'under attack’ by potentially dangerous diseases. Themes also orbit around schemas that promote hope and optimism about science represented as coming to the rescue of man from fear of the disease. The data consists of 21 pairs of English-Greek health news articles culled from the Greek newspapers I Kathimerini, To Vima and Ta Nea. Findings point towards translation as a process that employs lexicogrammatical and intrasentential configurations to a) give emphasis to the risk or hope dimensions underlying a heath or science story, b) enable the reflection or emergence of a cascade of public, conceptual and master narratives.
Risks of Consumer Products

Research on the various aspects of consumer product risk including severity of harm, risk assessment, risk management and compliance are at the core of academic research in the marketing and public policy field. An overview of the various product risks present in the marketplace and their subsequent effects on consumers is presented. Additionally, how risk is measured in the population, an important subject for multiple constituencies (e.g. manufacturers, consumers, legal and regulatory) is examined. Multiple methodologies exist and best practices including types of epidemiological studies, indexing, observational techniques and exposure-based studies are highlighted. Lastly, how to manage risk, the role of compliance and suggested best practices are explained.
Cognitive phenotypes in multiple sclerosis

Cognitive impairment is a debilitating symptom experienced by ~ 50% of multiple sclerosis patients, with processing speed (PS) and memory most affected. Until now, the field has considered cognition in a binary fashion: patients are designated as impaired or not impaired. This designation is typically arrived at by administering a full cognitive battery and assigning a cutoff (e.g., 4 of 11 tests failed) to distinguish impaired/non-impaired. This relatively coarse approach yields a heterogeneous group of “impaired” patients, some of whom may have isolated memory or PS deficits, others with combined deficits. The goal of this study is to determine whether predominant patterns of deficits, “cognitive phenotypes”, can be identified in a large sample of MS patients. Proportional representation of four cognitive phenotypes will be evaluated: (1) not impaired, (2) PS-impaired only, (3) memory-impaired only, (4) PS + memory impaired. Cognition was measured in 128 relapsing–remitting MS patients using validated tests of verbal/visual memory, and PS. Cognitive phenotype representation was evaluated. Differences in age, education, disease duration, and IQ across cognitive phenotype groups were evaluated. Four cognitive phenotype groups were represented: 56.3% not impaired, 7.8% PS-impaired, 18.8% memory-impaired, 17.2% PS + memory impaired. Across groups, there were no differences in age, education, disease duration. IQ in non-impaired was higher than PS + memory impaired. Adopting a novel classification taxonomy for cognitive phenotypes will advance understanding of cognitive impairment and enable a precision medicine approach to the development of effective, targeted treatments for cognition in persons with MS.
Low-Spin Fe(III) Macrocyclic Complexes of Imidazole-Appended 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane as Paramagnetic Probes.

Two macrocyclic complexes of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (TACN), one with N-methyl imidazole pendants, [Fe(Mim)]3+, and one with unsubstituted NH imidazole pendants, [Fe(Tim)]3+, were prepared with a view toward biomedical imaging applications. These low-spin Fe3+ complexes produce moderately paramagnetically shifted and relatively sharp 1H NMR resonances for paraSHIFT and paraCEST applications. The [Fe(Tim)]3+ complex undergoes pH-dependent changes in NMR spectra in solution that are consistent with the consecutive deprotonation of all three imidazole pendant groups at high pH values. N-Methylation of the imidazole pendants in [Fe(Mim)]3+ produces a complex that dissociates more readily at high pH in comparison to [Fe(Tim)]3+, which contains ionizable donor groups. Cyclic voltammetry studies show that the redox potential of [Fe(Mim)]3+ is invariant with pH (E1/2 = 328 ± 3 mV vs NHE) between pH 3.2 and 8.4, unlike the Fe(III) complex of Tim which shows a 590 mV change in redox potential over the pH range of 3...
Envisioning a Northeast Security Framework: The Korean Peninsula

Twenty years ago, there were many reasons to expect that a regional security framework in Northeast Asia would be just around the corner. The Cold War was ending and official proposals for new types of Asian security arrangements popped up regularly from many different sources. Mikhail Gorbachev proposed expanded regional cooperation on the model of the Council for Security Cooperation in Europe at a Vladivostok speech in 1986.1 South Korean President Roh Tae-woo proposed a Six-Party Consultative Conference for Peace in Northeast Asia in a speech to the United Nations in 1988.2 Former US secretary of state James Baker advocated the establishment of a two plus four mechanism for dealing with Korean tensions in November of 1991.3 Susan Shirk established the Northeast Asia Cooperation Dialogue in 1993 with financial support from the US government as a Track Two process that would support the development of an official regional security community.4 However, none of these proposals gained traction at that time as a viable official, institutionalized mechanism for multilateral management of Northeast Asia’s security problems.
Die GSTP1-CpG-Insel-Hypermethylierung als molekularer Marker des Prostatakarzinoms

Das Prostatakarzinom (PCA) ist das haufigste Karzinom der mannlichen Bevolkerung in Europa und Nordamerika. Trotz der hohen Pravalenz ist der molekulare Ablauf der Entstehung und der Progression nur teilweise bekannt. In zahlreichen Untersuchungen wurden die molekulargenetischen Alterationen in der Pathogenese des Prostatakarzinoms bearbeitet. Die CpG-Insel-Hypermethylierung des Glutathion-S-tranferase-Gens (GSTP1) ist eine dieser charakteristischen Veranderung in der Karzinogenese des Prostatakarzinoms. Wir haben die Bedeutung der GSTP1-CpG-Insel-Hypermethylierung in der Karzinogenese des Prostatakarzinoms untersucht und auf die klinische Anwendung hin gepruft. In den Untersuchungen konnte die GSTP1-CpG-Insel-Hypermethylierung bei mehr als 90% der Prostatakarzinome festgestellt werden. Es gelang der Nachweis in verschiedenen Korperflussigkeiten (Blut, Urin, Ejakulat, Prostatasekret) und bei im Rahmen einer radikalen Prostatektomie entfernten Lymphknoten; eine Unterscheidung zwischen normalem Prostatagewebe, der benignen Prostatahyperplasie, Vorlauferstadien des Prostatakarzinoms und dem Prostatakarzinom ist durch die modernen, molekulargenetischen Untersuchungstechniken moglich. Mit dem Nachweis der GSTP1-CpG-Insel-Hypermethylierung steht ein molekularer Test zur Verfugung, der das Screening und die Diagnostik des Prostatakarzinoms verbessert. Ein spezifisches Methylierungsmuster des PCA konnte als molekulares Staging Aussagen uber die Prognose des PCA leisten. Zur Bestatigung der vielversprechenden, aber noch experimentellen Ergebnisse sind allerdings grose prospektive Studien erforderlich.
Characterizing the Damage State of Composite Laminates VIA the Acousto-Ultrasonic Technique

The acousto-ultrasonic, or stress wave factor, technique was developed by Vary and co-workers. This ultrasonic technique provides a quantitative ultrasonic parameter which has been found to correlate with several different mechanical properties in both homogeneous and composite materials. We have found the technique to be quite sensitive to both in-situ damage in a virgin specimen and to damage developing during mechanical loading. The technique differs from standard transmit-receive ultrasonic techniques only in that the two transducers are not in a direct line of sight (including reflection by Snell’s Law). That is, one cannot follow the ray path from the sender to the receiver, even when reflections off boundary surfaces are considered. The receiver signal is composed of surface waves, body waves, and plate waves, established through scattering and diffraction processes. In this work we will present the basic technique, examples of experimental results relating the ultrasonic signals to mechanical properties of composites, and experimental results from studies of the basic nature of the waves involved in this technique.
Imag(in)ing Lagos globally

This article argues that Lagos, a megacity geographically located in southwestern Nigeria, also exists in other places and spaces. Such a global presence is not insignificant for the circumstances ...
Beyond the Reach of the Coastal Act

The coastal commissions were provided statutorially guaranteed autonomy and had sweeping formal powers over all development in the 1000-yard interim permit area. Nevertheless, there was a wide range of external forces that would affect their decisions. We now turn to a brief sketch of these forces, beginning with the pressures created by the changing needs and resources of the state’s population, public opinion, and media attention. Then examined are the roles played by organized interest groups, the commissions’ legal superiors (i.e., the legislature, governor, courts and U.S. Office of Coastal Zone Management), and peer agencies in the state government and their local counterparts.
Crossing Boundaries: Selecting for Research, Professional Development and Consumer Education in an Interdisciplinary Field, the Case of Mental Health.

Both the demand for, and supply of, mental health information has increased across all sectors. Academic, public and special libraries must locate, evaluate and select materials that support consumer education, academic teaching, interdisciplinary research, and professional credentialing. Selectors must navigate disciplinary barriers to develop materials in an interdisciplinary field that includes not just psychology, psychiatry, social work, sociology, gerontology, medicine, and neurology, but also public policy and law.
Efficient Construction of Rigid Matrices Using an NP Oracle

For a matrix H over a field F, its rank-r rigidity, denoted R_H (r), is the minimum Hamming distance from H to a matrix of rank at most r over F. A central open challenge in complexity theory is to give explicit constructions of rigid matrices for a variety of parameter settings. In this work, building on Williams' seminal connection between circuit-analysis algorithms and lower bounds [Williams, J. ACM 2014], we give a construction of rigid matrices in P^NP. Letting q = p^r be a prime power, we show: • There is an absolute constant δ>0 such that, for all constants e >0, there is a P^NP machine M such that, for infinitely many N's, M(1^N) outputs a matrix H_N ∊ {0,1}^N×N with R_H_N (2^ (log N)^ 1/4-e) ≥ δ ⋅ N^2 over F_q. Using known connections between matrix rigidity and other topics in complexity theory, we derive several consequences of our constructions, including: • There is a function f ∊ TIME [2^ (log n)^ ω(1)]^ NP such that f ∉ PH^cc. Previously, it was open whether E^NP ⊂ PH^cc. • For all e >0, there is a P^NP machine M such that, for infinitely many N's, M(1^N) outputs an N × N matrix H_N ∊ {0,1}^N×N whose linear transformation requires depth-2 F_q-linear circuits of size Ω(N ⋅ 2^ (log N)^ 1/4 - e). The previous best lower bound for an explicit family of N × N matrices over F_q was only Ω(N log^2 N / (log log N)^2), for asymptotically good error-correcting codes.
Synthesis and Reactions of Nitroindoles

Abstract The long history of the nitro group in heterocyclic chemistry has few rivals in the preparation, chemistry, and study of nitroindoles. The present review summarizes this rich history of nitroindoles and its extension to the present day.
Short Term Retention of Ventricular Assist Device Self-Care Skills after Simulation-Based Mastery Learning

Purpose Patients implanted with a ventricular assist device (VAD) and their caregivers must learn self-care skills to help prevent complications. We created a VAD self-care simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) curriculum and evaluated the retention of VAD self-care skills between SBML and traditionally-trained patients and caregivers. Methods From June 2017 to February 2019, patients and their caregivers at a tertiary care VAD center were randomized to SBML or traditional-training during their implant hospitalization. SBML consisted of participants taking a pretest on 3 VAD self-care skills (controller, power source, and driveline dressing changes), watching videos, and performing deliberate practice on a VAD simulator. SBML participants took the 3 skills tests again before discharge and were required to meet or exceed a minimum passing score for each skill. The traditionally-trained group received the existing institutional VAD self-care teaching and took the 3 VAD self-care skills tests before discharge. Subsequently, the SBML group was retested at 1 and 3 months after discharge and the traditionally-trained group was retested 3 months after discharge. Results 15 patients and 15 caregivers in the SBML group and 16 patients and 16 caregivers in the traditionally-trained group completed the study (Table). There were no differences in demographic and clinical information between groups. There were no significant differences between discharge test performance and 1 and 3 month follow-up performance within the SBML group. The SBML group significantly outperformed the traditionally-trained group at 3 months on all 3 skills tests (all p Conclusion VAD self-care SBML resulted in skills retention up to 3 months after discharge. Traditional VAD training resulted in sustained low levels of VAD self-care skills that did not improve after living with a VAD for 3 months. SBML is an effective method to train patients and caregivers on VAD self-care skills.
Fmc Aberdeen (Condensed)

This is a condensed version of "FMC Aberdeen" (UVA-OB-0385). Excerpt UVA-OB-0431 Rev. Dec. 1, 2010 FMC ABERDEEN (Condensed) Kenneth Dailey, site manager for FMC Corporation's Green River, Wyoming, facility, leaned back in his seat in the conference room near his office. He was listening to a team of employees tell him about their visit to FMC's Aberdeen, South Dakota, plant and the unusual operating procedures they had observed there. Dailey was intrigued with the results that Roger Campbell, plant manager at Aberdeen, and his predecessors had been able to achieve at the plant, and he had sent this team to see it and make recommendations about whether or not it would work at Green River. He wondered if the Aberdeen system would work for his operation as a whole, in part, or not at all; if there were parts that might work, he wondered what they were and how to implement them. FMC and the Vertical Launch Missile Canisters FMC Corporation was a Chicago-based conglomerate with $ 3.4 billion in 1989 sales spread over five major businesses: Industrial Chemicals ($ 975,000), Performance Chemicals ($ 566,000), Precious Metals ($ 190,000), Defense Systems ($ 900,000), and Machinery and Equipment ($ 783,000). The company's products included military equipment (including the Bradley Fighting Vehicle), a variety of industrial chemicals, gold and other precious metals, agricultural chemicals and a variety of specialty chemicals, and a broad range of specialized machinery and equipment for the material-handling, petroleum, and food industries. . . .
Virtual Reality: a Tool for Preservice Science Teachers to Put Theory into Practice

The purpose of the present study was to investigate, compare, and characterize interactive VR-based preservice science teacher clinical teaching environments with those of real-life teaching environments. Fifty-four college-aged students were assigned randomly to either real-life conditions or VR conditions. The main effect of the VR condition versus real-life was not statistically significant in terms of the retrospective engagement survey, psychological measures, and composite neuroimaging. This finding suggests that use of VR, in terms of the realism of the environment for the preservice science teachers allowed them to learn from modeled real-life situations for transfer of skills from VR to classroom use.
De-territorialized digital capitalism and the predicament of the nation-state: Netflix in Arabia:

In 2018, Saudi Arabia and Netflix were forced to confront the limits of freedom of speech online. The kingdom requested that the streaming giant remove a critical episode of the satirical show Patr...
Perioperative CT angiography assessment of locally advanced distal pancreatic carcinoma to evaluate feasibility of the modified Appleby procedure.

Abstract Purpose To study the perioperative CT angiography (CTA) findings of modified Appleby procedure candidates for the surgical feasibility in patients with locally advanced distal pancreatic cancer (LAPC) and to assess CTA performance. Materials and methods This retrospective study evaluated CTA of patients with distal LAPC who underwent modified Appleby procedure between March 2004 and October 2017. Preoperative CT scans performed within up to three months prior to the surgery and postoperative scans, at least one of which was within one month of surgery, were reviewed. Data was collected reporting tumor size, relation to vessels, changes from neoadjuvant chemoradiation, modifications to the surgery and complications. The CTA findings were correlated with operative notes and surgical pathology. Statistical analysis was performed using binary classification method to evaluate CTA performance. Results Consecutive 20 patients underwent modified Appleby procedure in the study period. In 18/20 patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation, mean pancreatic mass size significantly reduced from 4.58 + 1.17 cm to 3.55 + 0.84 cm (p = 0.002). The celiac axis (CA) was encased in all, whereas none of the patients had encasement of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) or involvement of gastroduodenal artery (GDA). The CTA had 88.89% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 90% accuracy for evaluating the arterial involvement. Conclusion Distal LAPC patients, in particular those who have significant size reduction after neoadjuvant chemoradiation, with encasement of CA and without encasement of SMA and GDA can undergo a technically successful modified Appleby procedure. CTA offers accurate and valuable perioperative assessment of the surgical candidates.
Is It Human Service Cartels or the Power Elite That Promote Societal Control and Repression? A Reaction to David Stoesz’s Human Services Cartels Article:

This article is a reaction paper to the article in this journal issue entitled Human Service Cartels: The Soft Repression of the Mediocracy by David Stoesz. As such, it addresses two significant qu...