cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FAMILY ISSUES IN PEDIATRIC PSYCHOLOGY

Contents: Preface. M.C. Roberts, J.L. Wallander, Family Issues in Pediatric Psychology: An Overview. Part I: Individual Disorders. A.E. Kazak, A.T. Meadows, Families of Young Adolescents Who Have Survived Cancer: Social-Emotional Adjustment, Adaptability, and Social Support. R.L. Murch, L.H. Cohen, Relationships Among Life Stress, Perceived Family Environment, and the Psychological Distress of Spina Bifida Adolescents. L.S. Walker, J.W. Greene, Children with Recurrent Abdominal Pain and Their Parents: More Somatic Complaints, Anxiety, and Depression than Other Patient Families? D. Drotar, D. Eckerle, The Family Environment in Nonorganic Failure to Thrive: A Controlled Study. P.J. Mason, R.A. Olson, J.G. Myers, H.C. Huszti, M. Kenning, AIDS and Hemophilia: Implications for Interventions with Families. J.M. Chaney, L. Peterson, Family Variables and Disease Management in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis. Part II: Noncategorical Disorders. J.L. Wallander, J.W. Varni, L. Babani, H.T. Banis, K.T. Wilcox, Family Resources as Resistance Factors for Psychological Maladjustment in Chronically Ill and Handicapped Children. J.L. Wallander, J.W. Varni, L. Babani, C.B. DeHaan, K.T. Wilcox, H.T. Banis, The Social Environment and the Adaptation of Mothers of Physically Handicapped Children. L.L. Dyson, Adjustment of Siblings of Handicapped Children: A Comparison. L.S. Walker, J.A. Ortiz-Valdes, J.R. Newbrough, The Role of Maternal Employment and Depression in the Psychological Adjustment of Chronically Ill, Mentally Retarded, and Well Children. Part III: Intervention Programs and Issues. W. Satin, A.M. La Greca, M.Z. Zigo, J.S. Skyler, Diabetes in Adolescence: Effects of Multifamily Group Intervention and Parent Simulation of Diabetes. T.L. Patterson, J.F. Sallis, P.R. Nader, R.M. Kaplan, J.W. Rupp, C.J. Atkins, K.L. Senn, Familial Similarities of Changes in Cognitive, Behavioral, and Physiological Variables in a Cardiovascular Health Promotion Program. J.W. Hatcher, A.J. Richtsmeier, S. Westin, Anxiety in Parents Seeking Pediatric Care. Part IV: A Theoretical Perspective. B.H. Fiese, A.J. Sameroff, Family Context in Pediatric Psychology: A Transactional Perspective.
The production of Non-H-2 histocompatibility alloantibodies in the mouse

Alloantibodies specific for non-H-2 histocompatibility antigens of the mouse have been produced. Immunization (BALB/cJ×DBA/2J)F1 anti-B10.D2/n was conducted, followed by hemagglutination, immunofluorescence, and mixed hemabsorption tests on absorbed and unabsorbed sera. The results indicate that antibodies specific for H-3a and H-8a antigens are present. In addition, H-8a antigenic determinants were detected on erythrocyte membrane surfaces, as well as on cells of other body tissues.
Methods of Variational Analysis in Multiobjective Optimization

This article studies new applications of advanced methods of variational analysis and generalized differentiation to constrained problems of multiobjective/vector optimization. We pay most attention to general notions of optimal solutions for multiobjective problems that are induced by geometric concepts of extremality in variational analysis, while covering various notions of Pareto and other types of optimality/efficiency conventional in multiobjective optimization. Based on the extremal principles in variational analysis and on appropriate tools of generalized differentiation with well-developed calculus rules, we derive necessary optimality conditions for broad classes of constrained multiobjective problems in the framework of infinite-dimensional spaces. Applications of variational techniques in infinite dimensions require certain ‘normal compactness’ properties of sets and set-valued mappings, which play a crucial role in deriving the main results of this article.
Seven Religious Reactions to Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology—the control of matter at the level of atoms and molecules—has evoked a large body of literature on moral and ethical issues. Almost all of this is expressed in secular voices. Religious commentaries about nanotechnology have been much more rare. And yet survey research indicates that religious belief will be one of the most powerful influences in shaping public views about nanotechnology. This paper argues that it is worth knowing what religious voices have said about nanotechnology, so that we might anticipate additional religious reactions in the future. After that, this paper presents seven cases of religious reactions to nanotechnology from a variety of faiths. This information gives us some insights about how religious individuals and institutions think about this technology, and also insights about how a new technology evokes a variety of hopes and fears.
A study of the personality differences between effective and ineffective student actors

The results of the statistical analyses completed in this study indicated that effective student actors were more aesthetically oriented, less economically and politically oriented, and less sociable than were ineffective student actors.
Na+, K+, and BP homeostasis in man during furosemide: Effects of prazosin and captopril

Furosemide increases sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) excretion but if dietary salt is provided, a compensatory reduction in Na+ and K+ excretion follows which restores neutral balances within 18 to 24 hours. This compensation is not interrupted by blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAA) alone with captopril. Since plasma norepinephrine concentration increases after furosemide and alpha 1 adrenoreceptors can mediate enhanced Na+ reabsorption, we administered prazosin (2 mg 6 hr-1) to six normal volunteers consuming a daily intake of 270 mmol of Na+ and 75 mmol of K+, and added captopril (25 mg 6 hr-1) for an additional day to block the RAA system concurrently. Furosemide (40 mg day-1) was given for the last four days. Prazosin given alone before the diuretic reduced (P less than 0.05) BP and plasma angiotensin II (AII) concentration and increased body weight and heart rate. However, when given with furosemide, neither prazosin nor prazosin with captopril modified the short-term natriuretic or kaliuretic responses to furosemide, or the ensuing compensatory reductions in Na+ and K+ excretion. Accordingly, cumulative balances for Na+ and K+ remained neutral over four days of diuretic administration. Neither drug altered the renal responsiveness to the diuretic which was assessed from the relationship between renal Na+ and K+ excretion and diuretic elimination. Although the BP was maintained when furosemide was given alone, when given with prazosin and captopril, the mean BP fell by 13 +/- 5 mm Hg (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Economic Effects of High-Level Grain Feeding

Abstract The most profitable levels of grain feeding, as measured by returns above cost of feed, were at rates 1,100 to 1,600 lb higher for the high than the low response cows. Differences were the greatest when milk-feed price ratios were least favorable. The economic optima in grain feeding were attained at nearly the same levels for the Western and Pacific and the Midwestern areas when normal hay-grain price relationships existed, and milk was priced at $5 and $4 per hundredweight, respectively, for the two areas. These levels of grain feeding were at 5,300 lb and 5,200 lb for high response cows and 4,200 lb and 4,300 lb for low response cows, respectively, for the two areas. With more recent higher hay prices in the Western and Pacific area, it became profitable to feed 1,000 lb extra grain to high response cows and 600 lb extra grain to the lower response cows. Increased hay prices for localized areas in the Midwest resulted in the profitability of feeding 700 lb and 600 lb more grain, respectively, for the high and low response cows. Reducing the average price received for milk in the Western and Pacific area from $5 to $4.25 per hundredweight, but with no change in feed prices, suggested a reduction in level of grain feeding by 1,000 lb for high response cows and 600 lb for low response cows. For the Midwestern area, a change from a blend price of $4 to a maunfacturing price of $2.75 per hundredweight, reduced the most profitable feeding rate by 1,100 lb for high response cows and by 1,550 lb for low response cows. A knowledge of the magnitude of response of individual cows to variable quantities of grain and milk-feed price relationships can form the basis for economical feeding programs. Dairymen can and have in the past made reasonably good adjustments to milk-feed price relationships in their market areas. A 1960 study (7) showed a range of from 1,800 lb to 5,500 lb grain fed per cow for six milk production areas of California. The low rate was associated with a Northern low-milk price area distant from metropolitan markets. The high level was for the metropolitan Los Angeles area for which a high percentage of milk is contracted at Class I prices. There are some indications that some dairymen are feeding grain at uneconomical levels. A 1963 DHIA special tabulation for Michigan showed no difference in returns over cost of feed for Holstein herds fed 4,500 to 5,999 lb grain per cow. Returns were reduced for cows fed more than 6,000 lb grain (10). The lack of precise information on production responses of individual cows and the kind of feeding adjustments most profitable during different months of the lactation period makes it necessary for dairymen to do some experimenting and to use judgment in feeding grain to dairy cows.
Theory is the cart, vision is the horse: reflections on research in diabetes patient education.

PURPOSE In this paper, we examine the nature of vision and the role it plays in helping educators identify and use theories productively. We also discuss the role of theory in diabetes education and provide criteria for selecting appropriate theories. METHODS The vision of diabetes education developed at the Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center was used to illustrate how our vision has influenced our use of educational and behavioral theories. RESULTS Both our vision and our theoretical assumptions should be articulated, discussed, debated, and studied. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes patient education research can systematically contribute to the development of a sound, coherent, and progressive body of knowledge that will truly serve diabetes patient education.
Laboratory Study of Simulated Atmospheric Transformations of Chromium in Ultrafine Combustion Aerosol Particles

While atmospheric particles can have adverse health effects, the reasons for this toxicity are largely unclear. One possible reason is that the particles can contain toxic metals such as chromium. Chromium exists in the environment in two major oxidation states: III, which is an essential nutrient, and VI, which is highly toxic and carcinogenic. Currently little is known about the speciation of chromium in airborne particles or how this speciation is altered by atmospheric reactions. To investigate the potential impacts of atmospheric aging on the speciation and toxicity of chromium-containing particles, we collected chromium and chromium-iron combustion ultrafine particles on Teflon filters and exposed the particles to a combination of light, ozone, water vapor, and, in some cases, basic or acidic conditions. After the aging process, the aged and not-aged samples were analyzed for Cr oxidation state using X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES). We found that the aging process reduced Cr(VI) by a...
Transcription factor EB: a central regulator of both the autophagosome and lysosome.

Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that relies on the cooperation of autophagosomes and lysosomes. During starvation, the cell expands both compartments to enhance degradation processes. We found that starvation activates a transcriptional program that controls major steps of the autophagic pathway, including autophagosome formation, autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and substrate degradation. The transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master gene for lysosomal biogenesis, coordinated this program by driving expression of autophagy and lysosomal genes. Nuclear localization and activity of TFEB were regulated by serine phosphorylation mediated by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2, whose activity was tuned by the levels of extracellular nutrients. Thus, a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism regulates autophagy by controlling the biogenesis and partnership of two distinct cellular organelles.
Radiation and Decline of Scholastic Aptitude Scores

Recent research suggests children born after nuclear testing began could have encountered genetic damage which might partially explain the decline in Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores witnessed since the 1960s (6). Continued nuclear testing allegedly could have produced an accumulation of damage to the gametes of parents, resulting in the continued drop in scores (2). In the wake of revelations concerning possible delayed physiological effecrs of nuclear radiacion on persons proximal to bomb test sites or Three Mile Island, such speculation appears more plausible than it once might have. It may also make sense, however, to examine the effects of a different, and possibly more prevalent, form of radiation-the electromagnetic radiation emitted by television sets. Perhaps not coincidentally, the successive cohorts of children born into the "television generation" and a culrure increasingly preoccupied with television have produced the initial and continued decline in SAT scores. Moreover, the advent of television basically fits the five conditions which would have to exist to allow for a "widespread ecological factor" underlying the decline in scores (1). Those concerned with the SAT controversy have implicated television only on the grounds that it allegedly produces effects such as "passivity," "shortened attention spans," or "alienation from the print media." However, could prolonged and frequent exposure to TV radiation contribute to additional behavioral and psychologic~l changes and. ultimately, the decline in aptitude test scores? In one study, 30 children with unexplained symptoms of nervousness and fatigue received rapid and dramatic relief when physicians ordered them to abstain from their excessive television-viewing habits (4). Ott (5), concerned that possible radiation problems were never considered by the children's physicians, exposed plants and animals to TV radiation. Plants exhibited excessive vine and leaf growth and laboratory rats showed stimulated abnormal activities and then became exceedingly lethargic. Findings from other research (3) strongly suggest that hyperactive behavior in school children might be decreased by shielding the radiation from fluorescent lights in school classrooms. Additional evidence on the effects of electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency wavelengrhs has been reviewed elsewhere (3, 5). The effect of television radiation on scholastic aptitude remains unknown' bta appears to be as plausible a factor as genetic damage from nuclear test radiation. Of primary concern here, then, is the possible insidious effect of television and light radiation on humans.
Patterns of Women’s Aggression Against Partners and Others: Broadening Our Understanding of Violence

Research on women’s aggression typically focuses on relational aggression. However, the study of violence must include multiple forms of violence such as aggression against partners and non-partner others, while also considering victimization experiences by partners and non-partners. The focus of this study is the multiple experiences of violence (perpetration and victimization) of women who are incarcerated. Incarcerated women are likely to experience higher rates of both than women in community settings, but most will be released in a brief period of time. Using a random sample (N = 580) we conducted cluster analyses to identify five patterns of women’s aggression. Clusters varied depending on the target/s of aggression (i.e., partner and/or others), and type of aggression (i.e., physical and/or intimidation). Multinomial logistic regression was performed to determine the relationship between women’s membership in a perpetration cluster and their victimization. Victimization history was related to an increased risk of perpetrating aggression, and varied depending on the target and type of aggression. Our findings provide support that research and interventions addressing women’s use of aggression must also address their victimization history. Furthermore, results indicate that for some women, aggression towards partners and others is related. Future research should investigate multiple forms of aggression.
Understanding sporadic upwelling off the western Australian coast

Ocean upwelling brings nutrient-rich deep waters to the surface, where phytoplankton can use the nutrients. Some coastal regions of the ocean have regular upwelling, but other regions, like the western Australian coast, have only sporadic upwelling events, which are ecologically important given a backdrop of low regional productivity. To study the factors influencing the seasonal variability of upwelling in the region, Rossi et al. analyzed satellite data covering 15 years, calibrating their approach using well-documented events.
A Stopped-Flow Kinetics Experiment for the Physical Chemistry Laboratory Using Noncorrosive Reagents

Stopped-flow kinetics techniques are important to the study of rapid chemical and biochemical reactions. Incorporation of a stopped-flow kinetics experiment into the physical chemistry laboratory curriculum would therefore be an instructive addition. However, the usual reactions studied in such exercises employ a corrosive reagent that can over time cause damage to sensitive and expensive components of a stopped-flow apparatus. The reduction of the dye 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol by l-ascorbic acid at a pH of 8.5 is a reaction that provides accurate and reproducible data in the physical chemistry laboratory. Furthermore, these reagents are noncorrosive and protect instrumentation from damage.
An Option Pricing Analysis of Exotic Bonus Certificates—The Case of Bonus Certificates PLUS

In this paper we introduce a new financial product named Bonus Certificates PLUS and we provide detailed descriptions of the product specifications. We show that the payoff of a Bonus Certificates PLUS can be duplicated by the combination of a long position in the underlying asset, a short position on zero coupon bonds, a long position in down-and-out call options on the underlying asset, a long position in down-and-in call options on the underlying asset, and a long position in the down-and-out put options. We develop a pricing formula to price the certificates. A sample of ten Bonus Certificates PLUS outstanding on December 2007 is presented as an example to examine how well the model fits empirical data. The profitability in the primary market is examined and the results show that issuing Bonus Certificates PLUS is a profitable business. The results are in line with previous studies pricing other structured products. Finally, we simulate and present the sensitivities of the certificates to changes in different pricing inputs.
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF LIPID HYDRATION IN MONOMETHYLDIOLEOYLPHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE DISPERSIONS

Solid-state proton nuclear magnetic resonance has been used to examine surface hydration in suspensions of monomethyldioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (MeDOPE). The magic-angle spinning (MAS) 1H spectra for aqueous suspensions of MeDOPE in the L alpha phase exhibited two resonances of roughly equal intensity that could be ascribed to water protons, but both their spin-lattice relaxation times and chemical shifts converged upon conversion to the hexagonal phase. Only a single water peak was observed for analogous samples of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC). MAS-assisted two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) was conducted for multibilayers of both MeDOPE and DOPC. Through-space interactions were identified between pairs of lipid protons, as expected from their chemical structure. For lamellar suspensions of MeDOPE, positive NOESY cross-peaks were observed between the downfield-shifted water resonance (only) and both CH2N and NH2CH3+ protons of the lipid headgroup. These cross-peaks were not observed in the NOESY spectra of MeDOPE in its hexagonal or cubic phases or for lamellar DOPC reference samples. Taken together, the observation of two water peaks, spin-lattice relaxation behavior, and NOESY connectivities in MeDOPE suspensions support the interpretation that the low-field water peak corresponds to hydrogen-bonded interlamellar water interacting strongly with the lipid. Such a population of water molecules exists in association with MeDOPE in the lamellar phase but not for its inverted phases or for lamellar dispersions of DOPC.
Characterization of solution and solid state properties of undoped and doped polyanilines processed from hexafluoro-2-propanol

We have investigated the changes in the molecular conformation, morphology, and conductivity of polyaniline as it transforms from the insulating emeraldine base (PANI-EB) to the conducting emeraldine salt (PANI-ES) in solutions of hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) and in films processed from the same solvent. Since both PANI-EB and PANI-ES dissolve in this single solvent, we are able to observe for the first time conformational changes as a function of the molar doping level, y. HFIP both solvates and complexes PANI-EB (i.e., y = 0) which promotes a disruption in secondary interactions between chains and allows individual polyaniline chains to adopt a more expanded molecular conformation. As PANI-EB is fully doped to PANI-ES (i.e., y = 0.50), a decrease in the GPC retention time and an increase in [η] argues in favor of an expanded chain conformation in HFIP. When the solvent is removed (under very mild conditions) from PANI-ES, the expanded molecular conformation is retained in the solid state, based on the s...
Bayesian Analysis of Congruence of Core Genes in Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus and Implications on Horizontal Gene Transfer

It is often suggested that horizontal gene transfer is so ubiquitous in microbes that the concept of a phylogenetic tree representing the pattern of vertical inheritance is oversimplified or even positively misleading. "Universal proteins" have been used to infer the organismal phylogeny, but have been criticized as being only the "tree of one percent." Currently, few options exist for those wishing to rigorously assess how well a universal protein phylogeny, based on a relative handful of well-conserved genes, represents the phylogenetic histories of hundreds of genes. Here, we address this problem by proposing a visualization method and a statistical test within a Bayesian framework. We use the genomes of marine cyanobacteria, a group thought to exhibit substantial amounts of HGT, as a test case. We take 379 orthologous gene families from 28 cyanobacteria genomes and estimate the Bayesian posterior distributions of trees - a "treecloud" - for each, as well as for a concatenated dataset based on putative "universal proteins." We then calculate the average distance between trees within and between all treeclouds on various metrics and visualize this high-dimensional space with non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMMDS). We show that the tree space is strongly clustered and that the universal protein treecloud is statistically significantly closer to the center of this tree space than any individual gene treecloud. We apply several commonly-used tests for incongruence/HGT and show that they agree HGT is rare in this dataset, but make different choices about which genes were subject to HGT. Our results show that the question of the representativeness of the "tree of one percent" is a quantitative empirical question, and that the phylogenetic central tendency is a meaningful observation even if many individual genes disagree due to the various sources of incongruence.
Invasive Pneumococcal Infection in a Community Hospital, 1993 to 1995: Characteristics of Resistant Strains

Objectives: To review all cases of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection at a single institution and to identify factors that may allow distinguishing between penicillin-resistant pneumococcal (PRP) and penicillin-sensitive pneumococcal strains at presentation for emergency care. Patients and Methods: Consecutive patient series of all children with positive blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures for S pneumoniae from January 1993 to April 1995 at a general community hospital. Results: Fifty-three patients with invasive S pneumoniae infections were identified; 21% of the infections were resistant to penicillin, 9% were resistant to multiple antibiotics, and 4% were highly resistant to penicillin (minimum inhibitory concentration, >2 mg/L). At admission, a diagnosis of meningitis or sepsis was made in 14 patients; of these, 8 cerebrospinal fluid cultures yielded S pneumoniae, and 5 were PRP ( P P =.002). Children with PRP strains had a lower mean white blood cell count (14.9×10 9 /L vs 22.8×10 9 /L, P =.008) than children with penicillin-sensitive pneumococcal strains, owing to a lower mean absolute neutrophil count (7250 vs 12 700, P =.006). Children with lower white blood cell and absolute neutrophil counts did not, however, differ in other objective measures. Regression analysis showed that the combination of current or prior antibiotic use and an absolute neutrophil count predicted 63% of the resistant strains and 92% of the sensitive strains ( P =.001). Conclusions: A high proportion of S pneumoniae infections were caused by strains that were resistant to penicillin. We discuss factors that are associated with resistance in this population. The PRP strains were associated with recent antibiotic therapy and a low absolute neutrophil count. Further surveillance is warranted by these findings. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996;150:809-814
Bad cases for shaker-sort

Il est montre que l'algorithme de tri «Shaker sort» est quadratique dans le pire cas si l'on considere les increments suggeres par Incerpi et Sedgewick. De plus, il est signale que des variations simples de ces sequences d'increments ne conduisent pas a des ameliorations significatives du resultat
7Li(α,n)10B differential cross-section measurements from threshold to Eα = 5.1 MeV

Abstract Differential cross sections for the 7Li(α, n)10B reaction have been measured at lab angles of 0°, 20°, 31°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80°, 90°, 100° and 114° for α-particle energies between 4.385 and 5.1 MeV. A thick natural lithium target was bombarded with a 5.2 MeV, nanosecond-pulsed 4He+ beam and neutron velocity spectra at each angle were measured by time-of-flight techniques. These data have been converted to cross sections at 10 keV intervals in α-particle energy. Angular distributions have been fitted with a series of Legendre polynomials. Angle-integrated cross sections, the 0° excitation function, and angular distributions are compared to past measurements and R-matrix calculations.
EWSR1 and ATF1 rearrangements in clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: presentation of a case

Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC) is a rare odontogenic tumor of the jaws that is more common in the mandible than maxilla and has a female preponderance with a peak incidence in the sixth decade. It is characterized by locally aggressive behavior and has the potential to metastasize. This tumor was recently reported to have a rearrangement of the Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 gene (EWS RNA-binding protein 1, EWSR1) in 5 of 8 cases tested and of the activating transcription factor 1 gene (ATF1) in 1 case tested. We report a case of CCOC in the premolar area of the mandible in a 59-year-old woman. This case demonstrated the presence of both EWSR1 and ATF1 gene rearrangements by fluorescence in situ hybridization.
Rapid leukemia induced by cloned Friend strain of replicating murine type-C virus Association with induction of xenotropic-related RNA sequences contained in spleen focus-forming virus

Abstract Newborn NIH Swiss and BALB/c mice have been shown to develop a rapid splenic leukemia when inoculated with high-titered preparations of cloned Friend strain of replicating ecotropic type-C virus. Increased spleen weight can be detected as early as 21 days after injection of Friend helper leukemia virus (F-MuLV). Concomitant with the replication of F-MuLV and the development of leukemia, there is a 100- to 1000-fold increase in the spleens of levels of RNA sequences which are detectable with a spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV)-specific cDNA probe (cDNA SFFV ). Since cDNA SFFV detects RNA sequences which are derived from the env gene region of xenotropic virus, the results suggest that expression of RNA sequences highly related to xenotropic virus might be important in the pathogenesis of F-MuLV-induced leukemia.
Organizational differences in recruiting older department store workers in the US

Department store retailers need a reliable and stable labour resource, particularly for entry-level positions. Older workers may be an alternative labour pool for these positions. The goal of this study is to learn whether department store attributes and recruitment representative characteristics affect the use of formal and informal recruiting strategies in developing an older applicant pool. The findings indicate that small sales volume stores used both formal and informal recruiting practices significantly less than medium or large stores. Further, younger respondents and human resource support staff relied upon informal methods more than formal ones. Finally, highly educated recruiting representatives used formal recruiting methods more than those with less education.
Finite-Element Analysis of Vibration and Flutter of Cantilever Anisotropic Plates

The hybrid stress finite element method is used to study the effects of filament angle and orthotropicity parameter on the vibration and flutter characteristics of cantilevered anisotropic plates. The results indicate a generally strong lack of monotonic dependence on filament angle. Also, the natural frequency in certain cases involving the first few modes, can become relatively insensitive to both filament angle and orthotropicity parameter for a range of filament angle beyond 70 deg. Values of critical dynamic pressure are obtained by a modal approach, in which the mode shapes are obtained by the hybrid stress method. Convergence of the modal method is rather rapid for the configurations analyzed, and a comparison of the method with an exact solution for the case of an isotropic simply supported plate shows that use of six modes gives excellent agreement.
Cognition in Design: Viewing the Hidden Side of the Design Process:

In this paper some research findings in cognitive science are reviewed and summarized, and these findings are extended into the domain of design methodology. An understanding of the importance of the representation of design problems requires insight into the organization and utilization of knowledge which are achieved through categorization and associated cognitive processes. A hypothetical model for the design process is proposed in which a design task involves an identification process, instantiation of a concept prototype, and the subsequent adaptation of the prototype to satisfy design criteria. An informational core associated with this concept prototype is employed to facilitate reasoning and justification processes in design. These cognitive findings are incorporated into the parameter analysis methodology to encourage the creation of innovative designs in a cognitive framework.
Vortices on the string world sheet and constraints on toral compactification

The consistency of a bosonic string theory in flat spacetime with one of the internal dimensions compactified on a circle is analyzed by studying the phase structure of the corresponding regularized two-dimensional field theory. It is shown that the radius of compactification must be larger than 2 \ensuremath{\surd}\ensuremath{\alpha}'. One can also derive in this manner the limiting temperature for strings.
Judicial Preferences, Public Choice, and the Rules of Procedure

RULES of procedure determine and reflect the transaction costs of operating a legal system. An efficient procedural system is one that minimizes the sum of the costs of erroneous judicial decisions and the costs of operating the system.' However, the rules of procedure are formulated by judges. If the self-interest of those judges conflicts with the efficiency criterion, it would seem plausible that the judges will formulate procedural rules that further their own interests rather than the interests of
The NIH-NIAID Filariasis Research Reagent Resource Center.

Filarial worms cause a variety of tropical diseases in humans; however, they are difficult to study because they have complex life cycles that require arthropod intermediate hosts and mammalian definitive hosts. Research efforts in industrialized countries are further complicated by the fact that some filarial nematodes that cause disease in humans are restricted in host specificity to humans alone. This potentially makes the commitment to research difficult, expensive, and restrictive. Over 40 years ago, the United States National Institutes of Health–National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH-NIAID) established a resource from which investigators could obtain various filarial parasite species and life cycle stages without having to expend the effort and funds necessary to maintain the entire life cycles in their own laboratories. This centralized resource (The Filariasis Research Reagent Resource Center, or FR3) translated into cost savings to both NIH-NIAID and to principal investigators by freeing up personnel costs on grants and allowing investigators to divert more funds to targeted research goals. Many investigators, especially those new to the field of tropical medicine, are unaware of the scope of materials and support provided by the FR3. This review is intended to provide a short history of the contract, brief descriptions of the fiilarial species and molecular resources provided, and an estimate of the impact the resource has had on the research community, and describes some new additions and potential benefits the resource center might have for the ever-changing research interests of investigators.
From Mensch to Macho? The Social Construction of a Jewish Masculinity

The purpose of this research is to explore the construction of a new masculinity by investigating the relationship between the Jewish identity and that of the biker. Using data from participant observation and in-depth interviewing, the author investigates the ways in which identity is constructed and maintained for a group of Jewish Harley-Davidson riders. The author pays particular attention to the role of symbols in legitimizing claims to place and the parts played by ritual and myth in boundary and identity construction. She examines how one symbolic system (American masculinity in general, and Harley-Davidson culture specifically) is understood in relation to a Jewish American symbolic model of world. The themes that emerged in the author's research suggest that what has occurred is not only a reformulation of what it means to be a Jew and Jewish in America but what it means to be a Jewish man.
The role of precursors in formation of polychloro-dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychloro-dibenzofurans during heterogeneous combustion

Abstract Although by now literature reports suggest that compounds containing almost any combination of C, H, O, and Cl can form PCDD/PCDF's under suitable conditions, questions of the relevancy of such findings to the formation of these compounds in MSW-incinerators remain. To address these questions the formation and destruction of plausible precursors (intermediates) over time/temperature scales found in incinerators must be better understood. In our laboratory we have attempted to simulate MSW-incineration using a systems approach, i.e., a spouted bed combustor coupled to two post-combustion stages. In this system, formation of PCDD/PCDF's and potential precursors has been investigated in the bed (pre-flame), the post flame regions, and over fly ash (post flame combustion gases). From the lean combustion of chlorobenzenes (mono, 1,2-di-, and 1,2,4-tri-) hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) are major PICs (products of incomplete combustion) formed in characteristic times 1, recent results suggest that this ratio may be very sensitive to local conditions. These two compounds are certainly possible precursors on the relevant time/temperature scales, but it has not been proven that they are required intermediates. In these combustions OCDD is the major dioxin congener, lower chlorinated congeners are only formed at longer residence times or over fly ash (at ∼300°C). A mechanism accommodating these observations will be proposed and the relevancy of the findings to recent measurements from incinerators will be discussed.
Analysis of behavioral constraints and the neuroanatomy of fear to the predator odor trimethylthiazoline: A model for animal phobias

Specific phobias, including animal phobias, are the most common anxiety disorders, and have a strong innate and genetic component. Research on the neurobiology and environmental constraints of innate fear of predators in rodents may be useful in elucidating mechanisms of animal phobias in humans. The present article reviews research on innate fear in rats to trimethylthiazoline (TMT), an odor originally isolated from fox feces. TMT induces unconditioned freezing and other defensive responses that are regulated by the dose of TMT and the shape of the testing environment. Contextual conditioning induced by TMT occurs, but is constrained by the environment. Lesion studies indicate the amygdala circuitry subserving fear conditioning is not necessary for unconditioned fear to TMT. Additionally, a medial hypothalamic defensive circuit also appears not necessary for unconditioned freezing to TMT, whereas circuits that include the medial nucleus of the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis are essential. The importance of these findings of innate predator odor fear in rodents to animal phobias in humans is discussed.
INFRARED AND MICROWAVE SPECTRA OF THE N2-PROPYNE VAN DER WAALS CLUSTER

Abstract The infrared spectrum of 14 N 2 –CH 3 CCH in the 3.0-μm region has been observed and the rovibrational transitions have been assigned for the A ( m = 0) and E ( m = ±1) methyl top internal rotor states of this near slipped parallel van der Waals molecule. The E -state transitions were used to estimate the barrier to internal rotation as 10 cm −1 . The observed A -state microwave transitions of 14 N 2 –CH 3 CCH, 15 N 2 –CH 3 CCH, and 15 N 2 –CH 3 CCD are split into doublets. This doublet splitting, which is too small to be observed in the infrared spectrum, is attributed to the internal motion of the N 2 moiety about an axis connecting the centers-of-mass of the molecules in the cluster; i.e., the N 2 molecule rotates out of the heavy atom plane of the cluster. The splittings in the microwave spectra were fit to a barrier height of 71 cm −1 for the hindered N 2 motion.
Complementary variational principle and duality in mathematical programming

The relationship between the complementary variational principle and duality in mathematical programming is demonstrated through a geometric approach in a Hilbert space setting. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of such a principle is given in the case of a convex functional constrained by linear dynamics. Its relationship to the Kuhn-Tucker saddle point theory is indicated. Applications to various programming and control problems are discussed.
Outcome of brain abscess by Clostridium perfringens.

OBJECTIVE Despite the aggressive infection of soft tissue caused by Clostridium perfringens (gas gangrene-necrotizing fasciitis), a brain abscess with this bacteria treated by early surgical excision, debridement of necrotic tissue, and antibiotic coverage may be expected to have a good recovery. Long-term follow-up has not been well established in this group of patients. We report this case to show the outcome at 3 years post surgical and antibiotic treatment for C. perfringens brain abscess and stress the need for urgent intervention to achieve good outcome. We also present a literature review of Clostridial brain abscesses since the 1960s. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 53-year-old man was brought to the emergency room after having a witnessed seizure status postassault 3 days before admission. On presentation, he was febrile, disoriented, lethargic, and demonstrated right upper extremity weakness. A computed tomographic scan of the head showed a left frontoparietal depressed cranial fracture complicated with gas and intraparenchymal air fluid level cavity. INTERVENTION Emergent surgery for debridement and excision of necrotic tissue was performed. Empiric intravenous antibiotic therapy was started and penicillin G was added for 6 weeks after C. perfringens was demonstrated. CONCLUSION Despite the severe infection and effect of C. perfringens in soft tissues in the brain, it appears that emergent surgical debridement and antibiotic coverage will yield an excellent outcome for these patients.
Self-Monitoring and Self-Reinforcement of Studying by College Students:

The present study involves examination of self-monitoring and self-reinforcement of studying to partial out the relative contributions of self-monitoring and self-reinforcement to change of behavio...
The Role of Bronchoscopy in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Patients at Risk for HIV Infection

The present study was undertaken to clarify the role of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and transbronchial biopsy (TBB) in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We retrospectively identified 31 patients at risk for HIV who proved to have Mycobacterium tuberculosis on culture of at least one pulmonary specimen. All had pulmonary symptoms but initial sputum smears negative for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). All underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB), including BAL and TBB; postbronchoscopy sputum was also collected in 19 patients. A specimen was considered to yield an immediate diagnosis when positive for AFB either on smear or histologic study; granulomas alone were considered positive when no other causes were identified. Overall, an immediate diagnosis was made by bronchoscopic specimens in 15 (48 percent) of 31 cases. TBB was the sole positive specimen in seven patients (23 percent). For comparison, similar specimens from 40 patients in whom M avium complex (MAC) grew on culture were also evaluated. An immediate identification of AFB was made in only four patients (10 percent). We conclude that the finding of AFB on staining of any pulmonary specimen is highly suggestive of tuberculosis, rather than MAC, and warrants institution of antituberculosis therapy. Of all bronchoscopic specimens, TBB provides the highest yield for an immediate diagnosis of tuberculosis. (Chest 1992; 102:143–46)
Simulation of reentry vehicle motion during laboratory measurements of radar cross section

Describes a simple mechanical way of moving a model target during laboratory measurements of radar cross section to simulate the precession motion of a satellite or reentry vehicle. The value of the simulation lies in the speed with which it can be accomplished and in its use as a diagnostic tool to aid the analysis of typical signature data
Electrical Rectification in Betaine Derivatives

We theoretically investigate the electric rectification in an organic two terminal push-pull molecular device using a combination of ab initio techniques. Our main finding is that the electric rectification is extremely sensitive to the length of the chain, undergoing a complete switching after a specific chain length. This unique process occurs for betainelike donor- bridge-acceptor systems and is directly associated with a conjugated bridge in the presence of an external electric field. The conjugated bridge between the donor and acceptor groups is composed of oligoethylene with sizes ranging from zero to ten C=C units. The appearance of electric rectification occurs when the bridge size is equal to 5 units and is complete for those larger than 6 units (i.e. full inversion). This new electronic effect is advantageous for the design of large hybrid organic/inorganic circuits with anincreased majority carrier flow that is necessary for the emerging needs of nanotechnology.
Intestinal dysmotility and the irritable bowel syndrome.

Though reports of dysmotility from various parts of the gastrointestinal tract abound in IBS, the true significance of these abnormalities remains unclear. Many of these patterns are non-specific, and their description need not imply enteric neuropathy or myopathy or autonomic nervous dysfunction. Thus, it appears equally likely that these abnormal patterns could reflect abnormalities in sensation (afferent nerve dysfunction), perception (within the CNS), or central “drive” (to the gut). The interpretation of motility studies is further confounded by the lack of a “gold standard” for IBS and by variations in the definition of IBS between studies, rendering it likely that one is comparing different populations (24). Studies of motor activity in clearly defined IBS patient populations and appropriate controls are needed - such studies should attempt to correlate motility with symptoms and gut function and should take into account the possible contributions of stress, psychopathology and sensory dysfunction.
Eigenvalues of symmetric integer matrices

Abstract The set E(Z) of eigenvalues of symmetric matrices over Z is shown to be the set of all totally real algebraic integers.
Exfoliation of membrane ecto-enzymes in the form of micro-vesicles

Abstract Cultures from various normal and neoplastic cell lines exfoliated vesicles with 5′-nucleotidase activity which reflected the ecto-enzyme activity of the parent monolayer culture. The ratio of 5′-nucleotidase to ATPase activity in the microvesicles indicated that cellular ecto-ATPase was conserved in the exfoliative process. Phospholipids of the microvesicles contained significantly increased amounts of sphingomyelin and total polyunsaturated fatty acids. It was concluded that the shedded vesicles constituted a select portion of the plasma membrane. Examination by electron microscopy showed the vesicles had an average diameter of 500 to 1000 nm and often contained a second population of vesicles about 40 nm in diameter. As much as 70% of the plasma membrane ecto-5′-nucleotidase activity of a culture was released into the medium over a 24-h period. Phosphoesterhydrolases from C-6 glioma or N-18 neuroblastoma microvesicles dephosphorylated cell surface constituents when in contact with monolayer cultures. Exfoliated membrane vesicles may serve a physiologic function; it is proposed that they be referred to as exosomes.