cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CPVM: customizable portable virtual machines

We present our experiences with a customizable portable virtual machine (CPVM) environment that makes it possible for students and professors to develop a customized, fully loaded, fully functional virtual machine that they can run on any computer that has a USB port or an ftp client without compromising the host. We also make available to students and faculty a copy of a portable virtual machine which provides compilers, window managers, and IDEs as well as the virtual operating system. This copy is identical to the environment found in our labs. CPVM has allowed students to use their personal Windows computers as if they were the Linux machines in the lab without having to install Linux. It has also enabled professors to effectively take their office environments with them to remote locations such as conferences. CPVM is composed of free, open-source software, and is available via anonymous ftp.
Coaches under Pressure Four Decades of Studies

Abstract The odds against coaching longevity are increasing, but the reasons remain the same.
Cardiovascular disease and cognitive dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Cognitive dysfunction is a common neuropsychiatric manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with prevalence ranging from 21-81% (1, 2). While existing studies have identified a combination of biologic and socioeconomic factors as potential predictors of cognitive impairment, the etiology of cognitive impairment in SLE remains unclear (3, 4). There is substantial evidence linking cardiovascular disease and Framingham-type risk factors with cognitive dysfunction in the general population. In the Whitehall II Study, for example, coronary heart disease was associated with lower cognitive performance in middle-aged individuals (5). Another study correlated hypertension and diabetes mellitus with cognitive decline in middle-aged adults (6). Similar to the general population, prior SLE studies have also implicated hypertension and diabetes as potential predictors of cognitive dysfunction (3, 4). However, despite the increased burden of premature cardiovascular disease in patients with SLE, the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and events and cognitive dysfunction has not been fully explored (7-9). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction (MI), stroke), traditional cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, smoking), SLE-specific risk factors (antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), disease activity, disease duration), and cognitive dysfunction in a large cohort of well-characterized individuals with SLE. We aimed to identify the relationship of specific cardiovascular risk factors or events to cognitive dysfunction beyond sociodemographic and disease characteristics.
A scanning tunneling microscopy study of water on Si(111)-(7 × 7): adsorption and oxide desorption

Abstract Scanning tunneling microscopy and temperature-programmed desorption have been used to investigate the chemistry of water on Si(111)-(7 × 7) substrates which were misoriented 2° toward the [110] direction. Upon room temperature exposure to water, the adatoms of the (7 × 7) unit cell are still evident even after high exposures, implying that major modifications of the substrate do not occur. At high coverages, the distribution of reacted adatoms shifts from one controlled by dissociative adsorption across the adatom-rest atom pair to a statistical distribution based on the availability of dangling bonds. Desorption of the oxide layer which remains after water adsorption and the desorption of hydrogen have also been characterized. The oxide desorption occurs along well-defined wavefronts which originate at step edges and advance in directions consistent with the underlying substrate symmetry, primarily the [112] direction (i.e. the wave vector points in the [112] direction). In regions of the surface where the oxide has desorbed, the (7 × 7) unit cell can be seen clearly. Vacancies resulting from the loss of surface silicon atoms (via the etching) coalesce into islands in the clean regions of the terraces, but unlike desorption of oxide layers from Si(100), the desorption does not occur from the boundaries of these vacancy islands.
On discrete norms of polynomials

For a polynomial p of degree n < N we compare two norms: ||p||:= sup{|p(z)|: z ∈ C; |z| = 1} and ||p||N:= sup {|p(zj)|: j=0,..., N - 1}; zj = e2πi j/N . We show that there exist universal constants C1 and C2 such that 1 + C1 log (N/N - n) ≤ sup{||p||/||p||N: p ∈ Pn}, ≤ C2 log (N/N-n) + 1.
Longitudinal Study of Innovative Contracting Practices in State Departments of Transportation

Gathering content expertise both from published sources and from recognized highway construction professionals, a questionnaire was created to determine the use of 16 innovative contracting practices in the highway construction industry. The major practices include: build-own-operate-transfer, contractor prequalification, design/build, dispute resolution, guarantee/warranty, partnering, value engineering, among others. Using the questionnaire, a 10-year longitudinal study gathered information from U.S. Departments of Transportation in 1996, and then again in 2007. Statistical analysis of the 43 state responses found that 10 of these practices have seen significant increase, but the perceived benefits have increased very little, and one practice has seen a significant decrease in perceived benefit.
Electronic structure and static dipole polarizability of C60@C240

The electronic structure of C60@C240 and its first-order response to a static electric field is studied by an all-electron density functional theory calculation using large polarized Gaussian basis sets. Our results show that the outer C240 shell almost completely shields the inner C60 as inferred from the practically identical values of dipole polarizability of the C60@C240 onion (449 A3) and that of the isolated C240 fullerene (441 A3). The C60@C240 is thus a near-perfect Faraday cage.
Delayed recognition memory for orientation by human infants

Abstract The familiarization/novelty preference paradigm was employed to study the effect of a delay (between the end of the familiarization phase and the beginning of the test phase) on discrimination of the orientation of square-wave gratings by 2- and 3-month-old human infants. Three stimulus pairs were studied: horizontal-vertical, non-mirror-image obliques, and mirror-image obliques. The data indicate that the members of the oblique-oblique stimulus pairs are confused in memory to a greater extent than the members of the horizontal-vertical stimulus pair. These findings are consistent with P. C. Bomba's (1984, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 37 , 609–636) recent report that infants respond to the orientation of a visual stimulus in a categorical-like manner.
Rendezvous Guidance Trajectory Shaping

The Space Station will bring a great increase in rendezvous traffic. Formerly, rendezvous has been expensive in terms of time and crew involvement. Multiple trajectory adjustments on separate orbits have been required to meet safety, lighting, and geometry requirements. This paper describes a new guidance technique in which the approach trajectory is shaped by a sequence of velocity increments in order to satisfy multiple constraints within a single orbit. The approach phase is planned before the mission, leaving a group of free parameters that are optimized by onboard guidance. Fuel penalties are typically a few percent, compared to unshaped Hohmann transfers, and total fuel costs can be less than those of more time-consuming ways of meeting the same requirements.
The effect of temperature on the amplitude distributions of miniature endplate potentials in the mouse diaphragm

Abstract The effect of temperature (11 to 45°C) on miniature endplate potential (MEPP) distributions was examined at the mouse diaphragm. MEPP distributions were composed of two populations ('skew-MEPPS' and ‘bell-MEPPs’) and the mode of the skew-MEPP population (subminiature endplate potential, sub-MEPP) had an amplitude equal to 1/10 to 1/15 the mean of the normally distributed bell-MEPP class. The overall MEPP frequency increased with a Q 10 of 2.2 between 11 and 30°C, and an Arrhenius plot indicated two temperature-sensitive reactions between 11 and 45°C. Below 30°C, the activation energy was 10.4 kcal/mole K and between 30 and 45°C the activation energy was 38.7 kcal/ mole K. The proportion of skew-MEPPs between different fibers was independent of the overall MEPP frequency and varied between 1% and 31% at temperatures of 11–34°C. However, as the temperature was lowered below 24°C, the decrease in frequency of skew-MEPPs was more than that of bell-MEPPs. Conversely, an increase in temperature from 24 to 34°C increased the bell-MEPP frequency but either reduced or had little effect on the frequency of skew-MEPPs. Following heat challenges (T > 40°C), MEPP distributions contained a large percentage of skew-MEPPs and the profile of the MEPP distribution became uniform. Before complete cessation of spontaneous activity with multiple heat challenges, MEPP amplitude distributions were either uniform or were composed primarily of sub-MEPPs. MEPP time courses were slower after heat challenges, and in some preparations, inflections were observed on many MEPP rising phases. Amplitude histograms of these inflections yielded distributions similar to control distributions of skew-MEPPs. The presence of inflections on MEPPs following heat challenges supports the hypothesis that skew-MEPPs and bell-MEPPs are composed of subunits. These results suggest that skew- and bell-MEPPs are caused by the release of transmitter by different temperature-sensitive mechanisms.
Strategic Planning: An Examination of the Role of Disciplines in Sustaining Internationalization of the University

Internationalization of the curriculum is arguably a key strategy to developing and sustaining campus-wide internationalization. Using Becher and Trowler’s (2001) categorization of the disciplines,...
Structural properties of electrons in quantum dots in high magnetic fields: Crystalline character of cusp states and excitation spectra

The crystalline or liquid character of the downward cusp states in N-electron parabolic quantum dots at high magnetic fields is investigated using conditional probability distributions obtained from exact diagonalization. These states are of crystalline character for fractional fillings covering both low and high values, unlike the liquid Jastrow-Laughlin wave functions, but in remarkable agreement with the rotating-Wigner-molecule ones [Phys. Rev. B 66, 115315 (2002)]. The crystalline arrangement consists of concentric polygonal rings that rotate independently of each other, with the electrons on each ring rotating coherently. We show that the rotation stabilizes the Wigner molecule relative to the static one defined by the broken-symmetry unrestrictedHartree-Fock solution. We discuss the nonrigid behavior of the rotating Wigner molecule and pertinent features of the excitation spectrum, including the occurrence of a gap between the ground and first-excited states that underlies the incompressibility of the system. This leads us to conjecture that the rotating crystal (and not the static one) remains the relevant ground state for low fractional fillings even at the thermodynamic limit.
Participatory Research and Capacity Building for Community Health and Development

This report describes engagement of the Work Group for Community Health and Development at the University of Kansas in pursuing its mission of collaborative research, teaching, and public service. In research, this team uses capabilities for community measurement to help discover factors and conditions that affect community change and improvement. In teaching and training, it prepares new generations of leadership for collaborative research and community practice. As part of its public service mission, the team serves as home base for the Community Tool Box, the largest Web resource of its kind for community building. This work reflects the two-fold aim of engaged scholarship: to contribute to understanding about what affects community health and development and to apply that knowledge to assure conditions that promote well-being for all those living in our communities.
Titanium oxide nanotube arrays prepared by anodic oxidation

Titanium oxide nanotubes were fabricated by anodic oxidation of a pure titanium sheet in an aqueous solution containing 0.5 to 3.5 wt% hydrofluoric acid. These tubes are well aligned and organized into high-density uniform arrays. While the tops of the tubes are open, the bottoms of the tubes are closed, forming a barrier layer structure similar to that of porous alumina. The average tube diameter, ranging in size from 25 to 65 nm, was found to increase with increasing anodizing voltage, while the length of the tube was found independent of anodization time. A possible growth mechanism is presented.
Fractals on IPv6 Network Topology

The coarse-grained renormalization and the fractal analysis of the Internet macroscopic topology can help people better understand the relationship between the part and whole of the Internet, and it is significant for people to understand the essence of the research object through a small amount of information. Aiming at the complexity of Internet IPv6 IP-level topology, we put forward a method of core-threshold coarse-grained to renormalize its topology. By analyzing the degree distribution and degree correlation characteristics in each k-core network topology, the scale invariance of the networks of coarse-grained renormalization was illustrated. The fractal dimension of Internet IPv6 IP-level topology was further computed which shows that the Internet IPv6 IP-level topology has got fractals. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i2.1979
Learning analytics & FERPA: issues of student privacy and new boundaries of student data

In keeping with the conference's theme of "Rethinking Information Boundaries," this poster describes preliminary research results from a case study regarding how Hammond University is employing analytic technologies to examine student data across boundaries: within the technological domain of their campus and from disparate sources beyond.
Investigation of the structure and activity of VOx/ZrO2/SiO2 catalysts for methanol oxidation to formaldehyde

Abstract High surface area silica-supported bilayered VO x /ZrO 2 /SiO 2 catalysts were prepared with a constant vanadium surface density of 0.5 V nm −2 and zirconium surface coverages ranging from 0.0 to 2.1 Zr nm −2 . In all cases, the zirconia layer was predominantly amorphous in nature. The vanadia existed as isolated tetrahedral O V( OM) 3 (M = Si, Zr) regardless of zirconia surface density. At least two distinct tetrahedral vanadia environments were identified by 51 V NMR on the support: O V(O Si) 3 and O V(O Zr) 3 , with up to 35% of all V in the latter site at the highest Zr loading. The fraction of V bound to Zr as determined by 51 V NMR agrees with an independent determination of the fraction of sites reduced by methanol at 600 K, a temperature too low for significant reduction of vanadia on silica. The turnover frequency for methanol oxidation increased by nearly two orders of magnitude as the Zr loading was increased. When normalized by the number of O V(O Zr) 3 sites determined from 51 V NMR and UV–Visible, the turnover frequency for methanol oxidation to formaldehyde was constant with zirconia surface coverage. It is proposed that the much higher activity of O V(O Zr) 3 compared with O V(O Si) 3 sites is attributable to differences in the mechanism by which H-abstraction from V OCH 3 groups in the rate-limiting step leads to formaldehyde formation associated with the two types of sites.
Parametric mixing in a nonlinear TlCaBaCuO thin film resonator at microwave frequencies

The RF nonlinear behavior of a TlCaBaCuO thin film at 77 K is investigated. The film is patterned to form a disk with small annular perforations along the outer edge, and a dielectric resonator is used to couple to the structure. Thinning of the film with a bromine etch greatly enhances the reactive nonlinearity of the resonator structure. Scalar network analyzer measurements revealed sufficient nonlinearity to achieve parametric amplification at 7.2 GHz. The nonlinearity is tentatively attributed to RF-induced flux in the superconducting film.
Biological and molecular characterization of a canine hemangiosarcoma-derived cell line

Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a devastating disease. Investigation of novel therapies has been limited by the limited availability of canine HSA-derived cell lines. We report the development of a canine HSA-derived cell line, DEN-HSA, which recapitulates features of angiogenic endothelium. DEN-HSA cells were derived from a spontaneous HSA arising in the kidney of a dog. DEN-HSA displayed surface molecules distinctive of endothelial histogenesis, including factor VIII-related antigen, ICAM-1 and alpha(v)beta3 integrin. In vitro, DEN-HSA formed microvascular tube-like structures on Matrigel, and proliferated in response to a variety of angiogenic growth factors. The cells expressed mRNA and protein specific for bFGF and its receptors, and VEGF and its receptors, among others. DEN-HSA conditioned medium evoked a marked angiogenic response in a murine corneal pocket assay, indicating potent proangiogenic activity of substances secreted by this cell line. This research confirms the DEN-HSA cell line as endothelial in origin, suggests the presence of angiogenic growth factor autocrine loops, and offers the potential to utilize DEN-HSA cells for the study of novel therapies that modulate endothelial proliferation.
A Survey Of Professor Acceptance And Use Of E-Textbooks In Higher Education

As electronic books (e-books) have continued to gain in popularity, more and more books are becoming available in electronic format. Textbooks are no exception. More and more publishers are making textbooks available in electronic format (e-textbooks). There have been many devices specifically designed to use e-books and e-textbooks with many more devices which utilize e-book apps to further increase the availability and ease of moving to e-books. Many professors are embracing the new technology, but others are somewhat (very, in many cases) resistant. This study discusses a recent study of professor acceptance and intention to use e-textbooks in the classroom and presents preliminary results and conclusions suggested by the survey.
Projections from the fornix to the hippocampal formation in the squirrel monkey.

In six squirrel monkeys, lesions involving the septum and fornix were made during aseptic operations. After postoperative survival periods ranging from 9 to 22 days, the animals were sacrificed under anesthesia by intracardiac perfusion of 10% formalin. The brains were sectioned and stained with the Nauta method for demonstrating degenerating axis cylinders. Degenerating fibers were traced from the fimbria into the hippocampal formation. Although degenerating fibers were present in all regions of the hippocampal formation, the main sites of degeneration were the hilus of the fascia dentata; the strata oriens, pyramidale and radiatum of the cornu ammonis; the caudal presubiculum; the parasubiculum and the entorhinal area.
NEST-BUILDING BEHAVIOR IN PCB-CONTAMINATED TREE SWALLOWS

Considerable attention has been directed toward documenting the effects of environmental chemicals on the endocrine systems of vertebrates, especially on development and reproduction. Given the well-documented role of hormones in controlling behavior, one would expect to see abnormal behavior in contaminated wildlife. We describe abnormal nest- building behavior in Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) breeding along the Hudson River of New York in areas highly contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (a group of chemi- cals known to disrupt endocrine systems). Previous studies of Tree Swallows have shown that nest quality is an important component of reproductive success. Swallows breeding in contaminated areas built smaller nests of lower quality compared with those in uncontam- inated areas. Our observations are consistent with the possibility that chemical contaminants interfered with behavior. Received 31 October 1997, accepted 11 May 1998.
Human and Rodent MaxiK Channel β-Subunit Genes: Cloning and Characterization

Voltage- and Ca2+-sensitive K+ (MaxiK) channels play key roles in controlling neuronal excitability and vascular tone. We cloned and analyzed human and rodent genes for the modulatory beta subunit, KCNMB1. The human and mouse beta-subunit genes are approximately 11 and approximately 9 kb in length, respectively, and have a four exon-three intron structure. Primer extension assay localized the transcription initiation site at 442 (human) or 440 (mouse) bp upstream of the translation initiation codon, agreeing with the transcript size in Northern blots. Both genes have a TATA-less putative promoter region, with a transcription initiator-like region, and motifs characteristic of regulated promoters, including muscle-specific enhancing factors-1 and -2. Consistent with a tissue-specific expression of KCNMB1, regulated at the transcriptional level, beta-subunit transcripts are abundant in smooth muscle and heart, but scarce in lymphatic tissues, brain, and liver. Expressed rat and mouse beta subunits increase the apparent Ca2+ sensitivity of the human MaxiK channel alpha subunit.
Completeness of pediatric TB reporting in New York City.

Objectives. Accurate surveillance of tuberculosis (TB) in children is critical because such cases represent recent transmission, but surveillance is difficult as only 10% to 50% of cases are culture-confirmed. Hospital-based sources were used to develop alternative surveillance to assess completeness of reporting for pediatric TB in northern Manhattan and Harlem from 1993 through 1995. Methods. Alternative surveillance sources included ICD-9-CM hospital discharge codes for active TB and gastric aspirate reports. Cases identified by alternative surveillance were compared with cases previously reported to the New York City Department of Health (NYC DOH). Results. Alternative surveillance detected 25 cases of possible pediatric TB, of which four (16%) had never been reported to the NYC DOH and three (12%) had been reported as suspect cases, but had not fulfilled the criteria for a reportable case of pediatric TB. Of these seven newly counted cases, three were detected by ICD-9-CM codes, three by a gastric aspirate log book, and one by both. In contrast, 13 other cases had been reported to the NYC DOH, but were undetected by our alternative surveillance; eight of these could be verified with available medical records. Thus, the demographic and clinical characteristics of the 25 detected and the eight undetected cases with available medical records were evaluated in this study. Conclusions. Alternative surveillance proved effective, was complementary to the NYC DOH surveillance efforts, and increased the number of pediatric TB cases identified during the study period by 21%.
New In Situ Method for Estimating Thermal Diffusivity Using Rate-Based Temperature Sensors

This paper proposes an experimental methodology for estimating the thermal diffusivity, a in a one-dimensional, half-space geometry based on two in-situ positioned probes that can acquire temperature; and, the first- and second-time deriva tives of temperature. The thermal diffusivity is estimated at each sampled time by solving an n th -degree polynomial for the thermal diffusivity. The degree of the a-polynomial and required order of the time derivati ve sensors depend on the chosen spatial truncation of the Tayl or series. This approach does not require the specification of the imposed surface boundary condi tion. Additionally, a novel inter-sensitivity analysis is proposed for guiding sensor placement t hat ensures a maximum, absolute sensitivity between the two probes; and, develops a single, tim e-point estimation of thermal diffusivity at the maximum inter-sensitivity. As a preliminary ind icator of the newly proposed methodology, numerical simulation provides sufficient merit for further concept development and experimental verification.
New tools for coronary risk assessment: what are their advantages and limitations?

The concept of risk assessment and reduction, introduced initially by the Framingham Heart Study and refined in other models, forms the cornerstone of preventive cardiology. Risk factor assessment determines the therapeutic strategy, because the intensity of preventive intervention is tailored to the patient’s risk of coronary heart disease. The conventional risk factors for coronary heart disease include elevated serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, elevated blood pressure, cigarette smoking, diabetes, vascular disease, menopausal status (women only), and age. Aggressive risk factor reduction, formerly used exclusively in secondary prevention, may be pivotal to optimal patient management in high-risk primary prevention. A number of noninvasive imaging modalities have the potential to measure and to monitor atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals and include exercise ECG testing, electron beam computed tomography, magnetic resonance coronary angiography, positron emission ...
Facile mechanochemical synthesis and magnetic properties of pervoskite YCrxFe1-xO3, (0≤x≤1)

Single-phase samples of YCr x Fe 1− x O 3 were synthesized by a mechanochemical method. X-ray diffraction data show linear reduction in the lattice parameters of YCr x Fe 1− x O 3 perovskites with the Cr content, indicating that Cr ions substitute for Fe ions to form a solid solution. Magnetic measurements show hysteresis loops at 5K. The substitution of Cr for Fe enhances the magnetization for up to x=0.33 Cr doping level. For higher doping levels, 0.33 3 behaves as a week ferromagnet with T N ~140 K. The chloride salt based machenochemical method offers simple synthesis route for the synthesis of pure multiferroic compounds.
Impact of Nonlinear Memory Effects on Digital Communications in a Klystron

Nonlinear memory effects in a klystron and their impact on digital communications are investigated using a time-domain physics-based model. The simulation results are compared to an idealized block model based on the frequency response and amplitude/phase drive curves typically used in system design with vacuum electronic amplifiers. Significant departures in transient behavior are noted in the physics-based model in comparison to the block model when the klystron is at or near saturation, provided that the signal bandwidth is simultaneously large ( ges ~65% of the klystron output cavity bandwidth). Such nonlinear memory effects exist for pure amplitude, pure phase, and mixed transients of both the step and ramp variety. The effects of these nonlinear phenomena on 16-state phase-shift keying (16-PSK) digital communications waveforms (with preequalized symbols) are examined using symbol constellation diagrams and symbol error rate (SER) plots. Operation at saturation with signal bandwidths of 32%, 65%, and 93% of the klystron output cavity bandwidth, for a bit-energy-based signal-to-noise ratio of 18 dB, yields SER values of 2.0 times 10-5, 2.3 times 10-4, and 2.7 times 10-3 , respectively, in comparison to the ideal 16-PSK value of 1.1 times 10-5.
“Development as an Aim of Education”: A Reconsideration of Dewey’s Vision

Recently, the view that a concept of development should serve as a guiding principle for education has been seriously challenged by developmental psychologists as well as educators. Dewey’s vision ...
Efficient Distributed Third-Party Data Authentication for Tree Hierarchies

In the third-party model for the distribution of data, the trusted data creator or owner provides an untrusted distributor D with integrity verification (IV) items that are stored at D in addition to the n data items. When a user U has a subset of n' of those n data items and needs to verify their integrity, U is provided by D with a number of IV items that U uses to verify its data's integrity. The model forbids U from receiving any information about the n-n' data items that the user is not authorized to access, and assumes that D has no signature authority (it stores only pre-signed IVs). Most of the published work in this area uses the Merkle tree or variants thereof, and typically requires D to store a linear or close to linear (in n) number s(n) of IV items that are pre-signed by the trusted authority. Moreover, most of the existing schemes impose on D a non-constant amount of computation work t(n) (typically logarithmic in n) in order to provide U with the IV items that enable U to verify the integrity of its data; we call h(n) the number of such IV items. The h(n) values found in the literature are non-constant, i.e., they actually do depend on the number of data items. The main contribution of this paper is to achieve linear s(n), constant h(n) and constant or logarithmic t(n) when the n data items are organized in a tree hierarchy T, and the user's subset of n' items form a subtree T'. The cases of T' considered are when T' is (i) rooted at a node v and of depth k below v; and (ii) reachable in k hops from v going both up and down in T.
Vitamin B12: a tunable, long wavelength, light-responsive platform for launching therapeutic agents

Light-responsive agents offer the promise of targeted therapy, whose benefits include (i) prolonged action at the target site, (ii) overall reduced systemic dosage, (iii) reduced adverse effects, and (iv) localized delivery of multiple agents. Although photoactivated prodrugs have been reported, these species generally require short wavelengths ( 600 nm) is readily captured and used to separate the Co-appended ligand (e.g., a drug) from B12. Consequently, it is now feasible to preassign the wavelength of homolysis by simply installing a fluorescent antenna with the desired photophysical properties. The wavelength malleability inherent within this strategy has been used to construct photoresponsive compounds that launch different drugs by simply modulating the wavelength of illumination. In addition, these phototherapeutics have been installed on the surface and interior of cells, such as erythrocytes or neural stem cells, and released upon expoure to the appropriate wavelength. We have shown that cytotoxic agents, such as doxorubicin, anti-inflammatories, such as dexamethasone, and anti- and pro-vascular agents are readily released from cellular vehicles as biologically active agents. We have also demonstrated that the concept of "optical window of tissue" phototherapeutics is not just limited to prodrugs. For example, stem cells have received considerable attention in the area of regenerative medicine. Hydrogels serve as scaffolds for stem cell growth and differentiation. We have shown that the formation of hydrogels can be triggered, in the presence of cells, using appropriately designed alkyl-cob(III)alamins and long wavelength light. The potential applications of phototherapeutics are broad and include drug delivery for a variety of indications, tissue engineering, and surgery.
Distribution and Management of Citrus in California : Implications for Management of Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter

The epidemiology of Pierce's disease of grape (Vitis spp.) in California has changed over the past 10 yr due to the introduction of an exotic vector, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), the glassy-winged sharpshooter. Although this insect is highly polyphagous, citrus (Citrus spp.) is considered a preferred host and proximity to citrus has been implicated as a significant risk factor in recent epidemics of Pierce's disease in southern California. Consequently, a detailed knowledge of the distribution and management of citrus in relation to grape is needed to improve insect and disease management. Analysis of data on the area planted to these two commodities indicates that only five counties in California concomitantly grow >1,000 ha of grape and >1,000 ha of citrus: Riverside, Kern, Tulare, Fresno, and Madera counties. Comparison of the distribution of grape and citrus within each of these counties indicates that the percentage of grape that is in proximity to citrus is greatest for Riverside County, but the total area of grape that is in proximity to citrus is greater for Fresno, Kern, and Tulare counties. The use of carbamates, neonicotinoids, organophosphates, and pyrethroids as part of the citrus pest management program for control of key insect pests was compared among the same five counties plus Ventura County from 1995 to 2006. Ventura County was included in this analysis as this county grows >10,000 ha of citrus and has established glassy-winged sharpshooter populations. The use of these broad-spectrum insecticides was lowest in Riverside and Ventura counties compared with the other four counties. Analysis of historical trapping data at the county scale indicates a negative association of broad-spectrum insecticide use with glassy-winged sharpshooter abundance. These results are used to retrospectively analyze the Pierce's disease outbreaks in Kern and Riverside counties.
Antibody Production Requires Thymus-Derived and Bone Marrow (Bursa)-Derived Lymphocyte Interactions

Animals thymectomized at birth are unable to mount an effective adaptive immune response to pathogens. Both cell-mediated immunity and antibody production are deficient in neonatally thymectomized animals. Whole body irradiation also inhibits the adaptive immune response, particularly antibody synthesis and secretion. Mechanisms underlying these immunological defects were sought by reconstituting thymectomized or irradiated mice with lymphocytes from intact syngeneic donors. In 1966, H. Claman and his coworkers demonstrated that optimal reconstitution of irradiated mice required a mixture of lymphocytes from the thymus and the bone marrow. One year later, Anthony Davies and colleagues confirmed this finding using a double transfer protocol to reconstitute irradiated mice. Results of this experimental design led these investigators to conclude that bone marrow lymphocytes rather than thymus lymphocytes give rise to antibody-forming cells. In 1968, Jacque Miller, Graham Mitchell, and colleagues at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI) in Melbourne demonstrated similar interactions using tissue culture methods, thus providing further evidence for the phenomenon of cell collaboration. These experiments confirmed that optimal antibody responses to many antigens required interaction between thymus-derived and bone marrow-derived lymphocytes. Further, these studies concluded that the bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes are the antibody-producing cells, while the thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes provide help.
The talk of unwed adolescent fathers of Mexican origin: A discourse analysis

The aim of this study was to apply Gee’s theory and method for discourse analysis to arrive at a theory of how unwed, adolescent fathers of Mexican origin talk about fatherhood and how fatherhood discourses reveal aims to attain self-defined social goods, including power, status, and recognition. Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven participants who were unwed biological fathers of one or more children, 18 or 19 years old, identified as being of Mexican origin and spoke either English or Spanish. Interview data were analyzed using Gee’s 42 questions for discourse analysis. Findings contribute to the literature on biological father absence, fragile families and child wellbeing, and teenage pregnancy from the adolescent father’s perspective.
A Guide to Medicinal Plants—An Illustrated, Scientific and Medicinal Approach, by Koh Hwee Ling, Chua Tung Kian, and Tan Chay Hoon

This delightful book, which focuses on medicinal plants that grow in Singapore, offers a brief description and color photographs of some 75 plant species. The plants, listed in chapters according t...
Role of protein kinase C-ε in hypertrophy of cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes

Using adenovirus (Adv)-mediated overexpression of constitutively active (ca) and dominant-negative (dn) mutants, we examined whether protein kinase C (PKC)-e, the major novel PKC isoenzyme expresse...
Evaluation of nerve regeneration by means of nerve evoked potentials.

A percutaneous technique of recording evoked nerve action potentials is described. It permits the evaluation of progress of regeneration after nerve injury in man, before the regenerative process has reached the appropriate distal muscles. A recording electrode is introduced percutaneously in the vicinity of the nerve trunk, proximal to the lesion. The nerve is then stimulated at several distal points with a cutaneous contact electrode. The potentials resulting from stimulation of the mixed nerve are recorded centripetally. If they are of low amplitude, an electronic average is used. The point along the nerve where a response can no longer be elicited is found. It can be assumed that regenerative activity has progressed to this point. Serial studies then allow evaluation of the progress of regeneration.
Coming to Terms with Bodily Losses and Disruptions Evoked by AIDS

This article uses interview data to examine (1) the prominent bodily losses and disruptions experienced by men with AIDS and (2) the effect these losses and disruptions have on friendships, work, and leisure activities. By focusing on these themes, the article illustrates some of the vexing self-challenges encountered by men with AIDS as their illness advances and alters their bodies and relationships. It also reveals the strategies they rely on to address these challenges and sustain a sense of self-value.
On a Scale Invariant Model of Statistical Mechanics, Kinetic Theory of Ideal Gas, and Riemann Hypothesis

A scale invariant model of statistical mechanics is applied to derive invariant forms of conservation equations. A modified form of Cauchy stress tensor for fluid is presented that leads to modified Stokes assumption thus a finite coefficient of bulk viscosity. The phenomenon of Brownian motion is described as the state of equilibrium between suspended particles and molecular clusters that themselves possess Brownian motion. Physical space or Casimir vacuum is identified as a tachyonic fluid that is “stochastic ether” of Dirac or “hidden thermostat” of de Broglie, and is compressible in accordance with Planck’s compressible ether. The stochastic definitions of Planck h and Boltzmann k constants are shown to respectively relate to the spatial and the temporal aspects of vacuum fluctuations. Hence, a modified definition of thermodynamic temperature is introduced that leads to predicted velocity of sound in agreement with observations. Also, a modified value of JouleMayer mechanical equivalent of heat is identified as the universal gas constant and is called De Pretto number 8338 which occurred in his mass-energy equivalence equation. Applying Boltzmann’s combinatoric methods, invariant forms of Boltzmann, Planck, and Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution functions for equilibrium statistical fields including that of isotropic stationary turbulence are derived. The latter is shown to lead to the definitions of (electron, photon, neutrino) as the mostprobable equilibrium sizes of (photon, neutrino, tachyon) clusters, respectively. The physical basis for the coincidence of normalized spacings between zeros of Riemann zeta function and the normalized Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution and its connections to Riemann Hypothesis are examined. The zeros of Riemann zeta function are related to the zeros of particle velocities or “stationary states” through Euler’s golden key thus providing a physical explanation for the location of the critical line. It is argued that because the energy spectrum of Casimir vacuum will be governed by Schrodinger equation of quantum mechanics, in view of Heisenberg matrix mechanics physical space should be described by noncommutative spectral geometry of Connes. Invariant forms of transport coefficients suggesting finite values of gravitational viscosity as well as hierarchies of vacua and absolute zero temperatures are described. Some of the implications of the results to the problem of thermodynamic irreversibility and Poincare recurrence theorem are addressed. Invariant modified form of the first law of thermodynamics is derived and a modified definition of entropy is introduced that closes the gap between radiation and gas theory. Finally, new paradigms for hydrodynamic foundations of both Schrodinger as well as Dirac wave equations and transitions between Bohr stationary states in quantum mechanics are discussed. Key-Words: Kinetic theory of ideal gas; Thermodynamics; Statistical mechanics; Riemann Hypothesis; TOE.
End Product Quality and Agronomic Performance of Compost

Washington State University produces a manure-based compost of high pH (>8) and low N content (1 percent) by windrow composting campus wastes. Annual production at the four-acre facility is 18-20,000 cubic yards. In the interest of producing compost of higher N content and lower pH, ten experimental piles were constructed to investigate the effects of different feedstocks on the composting process, end quality and agronomic performance. Biosolids and manure were compared at two rates of bedding both with and without coal ash. Compost temperature and inorganic N content during 96 days of active composting are reported along with end product nutrient analysis and metal concentration. The composts behaved differently based on the N feedstock and level of bedding in the mix. Compost quality was influenced by the characteristics of the feedstocks. Applying the composts to an eroded hilltop (50 Mg/ha) increased winter wheat yield, but there were no differences among the ten composts.
Ethnic Identity as a Predictor of Microaggressions Toward Blacks, Whites, and Hispanic LGBs by Blacks, Whites, and Hispanics

Results of the study suggest racial differences still exist when it comes to attitudes toward homosexuality in the United States. Findings indicate Black individuals hold significantly less favorable attitudes toward lesbian/gay/bisexual (LGB) individuals than non-Hispanic White individuals but not Hispanics, after controlling for demographics. Hispanic individuals' attitudes toward LGBs were not significantly different from those of non-Hispanic Whites. Despite less favorable attitudes toward LGBs, however, Black Americans display a significantly lower likelihood of engaging in LGB-directed microaggressions than both non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics. Finally, the results of the study indicate that as non-Hispanic White individuals' ethnic identity gets stronger, their likelihood of engaging in microaggressions toward LGBs increases, more so than Black or Hispanic individuals.
Study on Combat Effectiveness of Ground Air-defense System based on Engagement Simulation

From the power of the ground air-defense system,the paper introduces the over all structure of combat effectiveness simulation of the ground air-defense system and proposes combat According to the character,the paper make the process into some combat phase and the model of ground air-defense combat process phase are set up.Using the Monte Carlo approach,the system analysis the combat effectiveness of the ground air-defense system.The conclusion is correct and science,it indicate the character of the modern cobat
Gas chromatographic method for determination of fenitrothion in fenitrothion technical and in formulated products: collaborative study.

A gas chromatographic (GC) method for determination of fenitrothion in fenitrothion technical and formulated products has been subjected to a collaborative study with 7 participating laboratories. Formulations are extracted with chloroform containing dibutyl sebacate as an internal standard and are analyzed by gas chromatography using an OV-210 column. Collaborators were furnished matched pairs of technical product and water-dispersible powder and emulsifiable concentrate formulations. Relative standard deviations for reproducibility (RSDR) for the paired samples were 0.54, 1.00, and 1.56%, respectively, for technical fenitrothion, water-dispersible powders, and emulsifiable concentrates. The method has been approved interim official first action as an alternative to the present official first action AOAC method 6.A19-6.A24, which uses a polyphenyl ether, 6 ring (PPE-6R) column packing and fluoranthene as internal standard.
Use of acetylcholine to measure total vascular pressure-volume relationship in dogs.

To define total vascular capacitance, we used acetylcholine to arrest the heart and measured mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP) during controlled hemorrhage and volume loading in 12 splenectomized dogs after ganglion blockade with hexamethonium. We also examined the gross pathological and histological changes in the lungs. Controlled hemorrhage (n = 12) of 5 and 10 ml/kg decreased MCFP from 6.8 +/- 0.1 to 4.9 +/- 0.3 and 3.6 +/- 0.2 mmHg, respectively. Volume loading of 5 (n = 8) and 10 ml/kg (n = 4) increased MCFP to 9.3 +/- 0.2 and 12.1 +/- 0.1 mmHg, respectively. At MCFPs below 5 mmHg, the pressure (P)-volume (V) relationship was not linear [(P = P0ekV, where k is slope of ln (MCFP) vs. V, k = 0.061, R2 = 0.998]. At MCFPs between 5 and 12 mmHg, the pressure-volume relationship was linear (slope = 0.479 mmHg.ml-1.kg-1, R2 = 0.992) and total vascular compliance was 2.09 ml.mmHg-1.kg-1. There were no changes in heart rate, cardiac output, right atrial, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary artery wedge pressures when values at base line were compared with those measured 15 min after each arrest. There were no changes in arterial gas measurements or acid-base balance, and there was no evidence of atelectasis or interstitial or intra-alveolar edema. We conclude that the total body pressure-volume relationship in the presence of ganglion blockade had a nonlinear configuration. The use of acetylcholine to arrest the heart, four times with hexamethonium in reflex-blocked animals, did not result in changes in hemodynamics or pulmonary function.
Stretching increases calcium influx and efflux in cultured pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells

To determine the effect of a single static stretch on calcium fluxes in cultured pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC), calcium influx and efflux were evaluated in PASMC on a collagen-coated silicone membrane using 45Ca2+ as a tracer. A single 20% linear stretch of the silicone membrane of 1 min in duration increased calcium uptake by 71%. This effect was partially inhibited by verapamil or gadolinium, but was not altered by staurosporine, pertussis toxin, or removal of extracellular sodium. Stretch-stimulated calcium uptake attenuated over time, such that uptake during the last minute of a 5-min sustained stretch was 46% of that during the first minute of stretch. A single 20% stretch sustained for 6 min caused a 47% increase in calcium efflux, the magnitude of which was linearly related to the degree of cell stretch. Gadolinium and removal of extracellular calcium each partially inhibited stretch-induced calcium efflux. We conclude that a single static stretch of PASMC causes increases in both calcium influx and efflux. Stretch-stimulated calcium influx does not require sodium influx and is mediated in part by a pathway sensitive to both gadolinium and verapamil. Stretch-stimulated calcium efflux is due to both calcium influx via a gadolinium-sensitive pathway and mobilization of intracellular stores. Because calcium is a key cellular second messenger, these effects of stretch on cellular calcium handling may play a role in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype and function.