cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new uranyl carbonate sheet in the crystal structure of fontanite, Ca[(UO2)3(CO3)2O2](H2O)6

The structure of fontanite, Ca[(UO2)3(CO3)2O2](H2O)6, is monoclinic, space group P 21/ n , a = 6.968(3), b = 17.276(7), c = 15.377(6) A, β = 90.064(6)°, V = 1851(1) A3, Z = 4. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined on the basis of F 2 for all unique reflections using least-squares techniques to an agreement index ( R 1) of 9.9%. The structure contains two symmetrically distinct uranyl pentagonal bipyramids, one uranyl hexagonal bipyramid, and two CO3 triangles. The uranyl polyhedra form chains by sharing equatorial edges, and CO3 groups occur on either side of the chains, where they share equatorial edges of the uranyl hexagonal bipyramids. The CO3 groups share their third ligand with a uranyl pentagonal bipyramid of an adjacent chain, resulting in uranyl carbonate sheets of composition [(UO2)3(CO3)2O2]2–. The single symmetrically unique Ca2+ cation is located between the sheets, and is coordinated by two O atoms of uranyl ions of adjacent sheets, and six H2O groups. The uranyl carbonate sheet in fontanite is novel, but is based upon the phosphuranylite anion topology that is the basis of uranyl phosphate, uranyl selenite, and uranyl sulfate sheets in a variety of minerals.
Oscillator parameters of transverse phonons in a-domain lead titanate

The temperature behavior of polarized Raman spectra of a-domain PbTiO3 single crystals has been investigated. The spectra obtained are fit by a damping harmonic oscillator model with allowance for a complex background structure. A full set of oscillator parameters of all phonon modes in the frequency range 12 < ν < 1200 cm−1 is obtained and their temperature dependences in the range from 300 to 800 K are presented.
Curvature of the Weil-Petersson Metric in the Moduli Space of Compact Kähler-Einstein Manifolds of Negative First Chem Class

For compact Riemann surfaces of genus at least two, using Petersson’s Hermitian pairing for automorphic forms, Weil introduced a Hermitian metric for the Teiclmuller space, now known as the Weil-Petersson metric. Ahlfors [1,2] showed that the Weil-Petersson metric is Kahler and that its Ricci and holomorphic section curvatures are negative. By using a different method of curvature computation, Royden [8] later showed that the holomorphic sectional curvature of the Weil-Petersson metric is bounded away from zero and conjectured the best bound to be \(- \frac{1}{{2\pi \left( {g - 1} \right)}}\) , where g is the genus. Recently Wolpert [12] and also Royden proved Royden’s conjecture on the bound of the holomorphic sectional curvature and obtained in addition the negativity of the Riemannian sectional curvature. Wolpert’s method used some SL(2,R) invariant first-order differential operators obtained by Maass [7]. Royden’s computation is based on the fact that the Pbincare metric on a compact Riemann surface of genus at least two is Einstein.
Pseudopregnancy: Controls For Prolactin Secretion

In retrospect, the Long and Evans (1922) monograph contained the first evidence that different AP secretions are responsible in rats for ovulation and for corpus luteum function in early pregnancy or pseudopregnancy. It was almost 20 years later that Astwood (1941) purified material from rat pituitaries that was distinct from FSH and LH and had the selective power of maintaining luteal secretion. Evans et al. (1941) identified the luteotropic material as prolactin.
Methods for Studying Protein Metabolism in Humans

The earliest studies of human protein metabolism involved determination of nitrogen balance (N balance). By determining the amount of N ingested, and subtracting N lost in urine, feces, sweat, and minor miscellaneous losses, one can calculate the N balance. Because almost all of the N in the human body is contained in proteins, a positive N balance generally indicates that the protein mass of the body has increased, and a negative N balance that it has decreased. However, the nonprotein N content of the body can vary enough to invalidate short-term N balance as a measure of protein balance. Each gram of N represents about 6.25 g of protein (Forbes 1987a). Because, in theory, N balance could be measured with a precision of a few tenths of a gram each day, and a 70 kg man contains about 1800 g of N (Forbes 1987a), this method could detect changes in total protein mass on the order of 0.1%.
Pre-Eruptive Varicella Encephalitis and Cerebellar Ataxia

A 2 year old boy who developed varicella encephalitis with cerebellar ataxia 16 days before the appearance of the exanthem is reported from the Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Privatization, State Action, and Title IX: Do Campus Sexual Assault Hearings Violate Due Process?

Sexual assault hearings are taking place at colleges and universities all over the country under the mandate of a 2011 Department of Education Dear Colleague letter. The procedures followed are secretive, sometimes inquisitorial, and frequently in violation of fundamental due process principles. Courts, however, have ruled that Due Process does not apply to sexual assault hearings at private schools because private schools are not state actors. These rulings are clearly mistaken. The Due Process Clause applies in full to campus Title IX sexual assault investigations and adjudications conducted under the mandate of the Dear Colleague letter.
On Privacy-Preservation of text and sparse binary data with sketches

In recent years, privacy preserving data mining has become very important because of the proliferation of large amounts of data on the internet. Many data sets are inherently high dimensional, which are challenging to different privacy preservation algorithms. However, some domains of such data sets also have some special properties which make the use of sketch based techniques particularly useful. In this paper, we present a new method for privacy preserving data mining of text and binary data with the use of a sketch based approach. The special properties of such data sets which are exploited are that of sparsity; according to this property, only a small percentage of the attributes have non-zero values. We formalize an anonymity model for the sketch based approach, and utilize it in order to construct sketch based privacy preserving representations of the original data. This representation allows accurate computation of a number of important data mining primitives such as the dot product. Therefore, it can be used for a variety of data mining algorithms such as clustering and classification. We illustrate the effectiveness of our approach on a number of real and synthetic data sets. We show that the accuracy of data mining algorithms is preserved by the transformation even in the presence of increasing data dimensionality.
Analysis of whole chloroplast genomes from the genera of the Clauseneae, the curry tribe (Rutaceae, Citrus family)

The Clauseneae (Aurantioideae, Rutaceae) is a tribe in the Citrus family that, although economically important as it contains the culinary and medicinally-useful curry tree (Bergera koenigii), has been relatively understudied. Due to the recent significant taxonomic changes made to this tribe, a closer inspection of the genetic relationships among its genera has been warranted. Whole genome skimming was used to generate chloroplast genomes from six species, representing each of the four genera (Bergera, Clausena, Glycosmis, Micromelum) in the Clauseneae tribe plus one closely related outgroup (Merrillia), using the published plastome sequence of Citrus sinensis as a reference. Phylogenetically informative character (PIC) data were analyzed using a genome alignment of the seven species, and variability frequency among the species was recorded for each coding and non-coding region, with the regions of highest variability identified for future phylogenetic studies. Non-coding regions exhibited a higher percentage of variable characters as expected, and the phylogenetic markers ycf1, matK, rpoC2, ndhF, trnS-trnG spacer, and trnH-psbA spacer proved to be among the most variable regions. Other markers that are frequently used in phylogenetic studies, e.g. rps16, atpB-rbcL, rps4-trnT, and trnL-trnF, proved to be far less variable. Phylogenetic analyses of the aligned sequences were conducted using Bayesian inference (MrBayes) and Maximum Likelihood (RAxML), yielding highly supported divisions among the four genera.
Prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism in pediatric trauma: A practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma and the Pediatric Trauma Society.

BACKGROUNDDespite the increasing incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized children, the risks and benefits of VTE prophylaxis, particularly for those hospitalized after trauma, are unclear. The Pediatric Trauma Society and the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma convened a
The impact of hierarchy on bluetooth-based malware spread in mobile tactical networks

Cyber-attacks in military networks are increasingly being recognized as a threat to mission assurance and tactical capability. Some recent cyber attacks have exploited short-range radio communication such as Bluetooth to propagate malware among mobile devices, thereby circumventing traditional cyber network defenses and evading detection. Because of its reliance on close physical proximity between devices in order to spread, the propagation of such malware is strongly dependent on the spatial and temporal properties of device movement. Mobility of military units in particular follows a well-defined organizational hierarchy and tactical doctrine. While this hierarchy of command has been studied extensively in order to maximize effectiveness and safety in the physical layer, its impact on security in the cyber layer is poorly understood and too often neglected. In this paper we develop an agent-based simulation model to study the impact of hierarchy on a mobile tactical network suffering a propagating cyber attack. We compare the dynamics of malware spread under a military-inspired mobility model to that of other more commonly-used mobility models.
The radar microphone: A new way of monitoring honey bee sounds

This paper describes a radar microphone for studying incidental and deliberate insect sounds. It was specifically designed to record the sounds coming from honey bees inside a beehive. The sensor is based on a Doppler radar measuring the vibrations of a high dielectric object, such as a bee. It is shown that if the vibrational amplitude is much less that the radar wavelength, the frequency of the mechanical vibration and the frequency of the phase modulation in the reflected radar signal are the same. The instrument was implemented safely and inexpensively with readily available 5.8 GHz wireless components. The output of the radar microphone is a signal no different from the signal that might be recorded with an acoustic microphone. As such the same data collection and processing techniques can be applied. Examples are given of vibrations and airborne sounds from bees inside an observation hive.
Value Assessment at the Point of Care: Incorporating Patient Values throughout Care Delivery and a Draft Taxonomy of Patient Values

Incorporation of patient values is a key element of patient-centered care, but consistent incorporation of patient values at the point of care is lacking. Shared decision making encourages incorporation of patient values in decision making, but associated tools often lack guidance on value assessment. In addition, focusing on patient values relating only to specific decisions misses an opportunity for a more holistic approach to value assessment that could impact other aspects of clinical encounters, including health care planning, communication, and stakeholder involvement. In this commentary, we propose a taxonomy of values underlying patient decision making and provide examples of how these impact provision of health care. The taxonomy describes four categories of patient values: global, decisional, situational, and external. Global values are personal values impacting decision making at a universal level and can include value traits and life priorities. Decisional values are the values traditionally conceptualized in decision making, including considerations such as efficacy, toxicity, quality of life, convenience, and cost. Situational values are values tied to a specific moment in time that modify patients' existing global and decisional values. Finally, discussion of external values acknowledges that many patients consider values other than their own when making decisions. Recognizing the breadth of values impacting patient decision making has implications for both overall health care delivery and shared decision making because value assessments focusing only on decisional values may miss important patient considerations. This draft taxonomy highlights different values impacting decision making and facilitates a more complete value assessment at the point of care.
A New Age of Patient Transparency: An Organizational Framework for Informed Consent:

With the many changes occurring in today's healthcare organizations, patients are increasingly equipped with a vast quantity of health care data and being more included in the healthcare decision-making process. The new approach we propose incorporates a new patient-organization framework that examines relevant historical, legal and ethical elements within the doctrine of informed consent in addition to examining the role of new healthcare organizations' obligations to include data to support addressing issues such as population health, health outcomes and health disparities within the informed consent. There is a growing consensus among healthcare professionals that using an evidencebased organizational informed consent framework to improve the informed consent process can lead to better comprehension, health outcomes, transparency and improved patient trust and retention overall.
Vitamin D as a Therapeutic Option for Sunburn: Clinical and Biologic Implications.

Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is a fat-soluble steroid hormone obtained from food sources and produced locally in the skin from the ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-dependent conversion of cholesterol precursors to the inactive form of vitamin D3 (Bikle, 2011). In addition to its classically described functions related to the regulation of calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism, vitamin D3 has numerous nonclassical effects, including the ability to modulate immune responses (Mora et al., 2008; Wobke et al., 2014). Specifically, vitamin D3 induces monocyte to macrophage differentiation, enhances antimicrobial activity, stimulates autophagy, and suppresses the production of proinflammatory cytokines (Liu et al., 2006; Fabri et al., 2011; Di Rosa et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2014). However, it was previously unknown whether vitamin D3 was capable of modulating acute inflammation in humans. In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study, our group recently demonstrated that vitamin D3 reduces skin inflammation when administered to humans 1 h after sunburn (Scott et al., 2017). This commentary will attempt to outline the major clinical and biologic implications of using vitamin D as an anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent.
Africanizing Science in Post-colonial Kenya: Long-Term Field Research in the Amboseli Ecosystem, 1963-1989.

Following Kenya’s independence in 1963, scientists converged on an ecologically sensitive area in southern Kenya on the northern slope of Mt. Kilimanjaro called Amboseli. This region is the homeland of the Ilkisongo Maasai who grazed this ecosystem along with the wildlife of interest to the scientists. Biologists saw opportunities to study this complex community, an environment rich in biological diversity. The Amboseli landscape proved to be fertile ground for testing new methods and lines of inquiry in the biological sciences that were generalizable and important for shaping natural resource management policies in Kenya. However, the local community was in the midst of its own transformation from a primarily transhumant lifestyle to a largely sedentary one, a complex political situation between local and national authorities, and the introduction of a newly educated generation. This article examines the intersection of African history and field science through the post-colonial Africanization of Kenyan politics, the broadening of scientific practices in Amboseli in previously Western-occupied spaces to include Kenyan participants, and an increasing awareness of the role of local African contexts in the results, methods, and implications of biological research. “Africanization” as an idea in the history of science is multifaceted encompassing not just Africans in the scientific process, but it needs an examination of the larger political and social context on both a local and national level.
Aligned Image Sets and the GDoF of Symmetric MIMO Interference Channel with Partial CSIT

The generalized degrees of freedom (GDoF) of the two user symmetric multiple input multiple output (MIMO) interference channel (IC) are characterized as a function of the channel strength levels and the level of channel state information at the transmitters (CSIT). In this symmetric setting, each transmitter is equipped with M antennas, each receiver is equipped with N antennas, and both cross links have the same strength parameter α and the same channel uncertainty parameter β. The main challenge resides in the proof of the outer bound which is accomplished by a generalization of the aligned image sets approach.
Pulsed Electromagnetic and Optical Beam WaveFields in Temporally Dispersive Media

The macroscopic electromagnetic field behavior in a homogeneous, isotropic, locally linear (HILL), temporally dispersive medium with no externally supplied charge or current sources is described by the macroscopic Maxwell’s equations [see (5.12)–(5.15) of Vol. 1]
Use of a Web-based App to Improve Breast Cancer Symptom Management and Adherence for Aromatase Inhibitors: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial

Purpose For postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, long-term use of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) significantly reduces the risk of cancer recurrence and improves survival. Still, many patients are nonadherent due to adverse side effects. We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial to test the use of a web-based application (app) designed with and without weekly reminders for patients to report real-time symptoms and AI use outside of clinic visits with built-in alerts to patients’ oncology providers. Our goal was to improve symptom burden and medication adherence.
Spectrophotometric calibration procedures to enable calibration-free measurements of seawater calcium carbonate saturation states.

Abstract A simple protocol was developed to measure seawater calcium carbonate saturation states (Ωspec) spectrophotometrically. Saturation states are typically derived from the separate measurement of two other carbon system parameters, with each requiring unique instrumentation and often complex measurement protocols. Using the new protocol, the only required equipment is a thermostatted laboratory spectrophotometer. For each seawater sample, spectrophotometric measurements of pH (visible absorbance) are made in paired optical cells, one with and one without added nitric acid. Ultraviolet absorbance is measured to determine the amount of added acid based on the direct proportionality between nitrate concentration and UV absorbance. Coupled measurements of pH and the alkalinity change that accompanies the nitric acid addition allow calculation of a seawater sample's original carbonate ion concentration and saturation state. These paired absorbance measurements yield Ωspec (and other carbonate system parameters), with each sample requiring about 12 min processing time. Initially, an instrument-specific nitrate molar absorptivity coefficient must be determined (due to small but significant discrepancies in instrumental wavelength calibrations), but thereafter no further calibration is needed. In this work, the 1σ precision of replicate measurements of aragonite saturation state was found to be 0.020, and the average difference between Ωspec and Ω calculated conventionally from measured total alkalinity and pH (Ωcalc) was −0.11% ± 0.96% (a level of accuracy comparable to that obtained from spectrophotometric measurements of carbonate ion concentration). Over the entire range of experimental conditions, 0.97
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID NOREPINEPHRINE AND DOPAMINE-BETA-HYDROXYLASE IN AFFECTIVE ILLNESS AND SCHIZOPHRENIA

Publisher Summary A variety of studies have utilized cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) methodology to measure norepinephrine metabolites in patients with affective illness. Preliminary studies in animals and man have suggested that there is a diurnal variation in norepinephrine in CSF. This chapter describes a study where it was found that both baseline levels of norepinephrine and those achieved following 18 hours of probenecid administration were significantly higher in manic compared to depressed patients or neurological controls. While levels of CSF norepinephrine were significantly elevated in manic patients compared to other patient populations and control groups, DBH levels were decreased in these manic patients. CSF norepinephrine was elevated in manic patients as compared to depressed or normal controls. CSF DBH was not different in schizophrenic patients as a group compared to controls, but it was lower in a subgroup of patients with good premorbid interpersonal functioning.
Impact of a 3D printed model on patients' understanding of renal cryoablation: a prospective pilot study.

To determine whether a 3D printed model improves patients’ understanding of renal cryoablation and the involved anatomy. This prospective study included 25 control patients, who received standard of care renal cryoablation education (verbal explanation accompanied by review of relevant 2D imaging) and 25 experimental patients, who received education using a 3D printed renal cryoablation model in addition to standard of care. Subsequent patient surveys included 5 anatomy and 5 procedural knowledge questions. The experimental cohort also subjectively graded the importance of the 3D model for understanding the renal cryoablation procedure and associated anatomy. Mean percent of anatomy questions answered correctly was significantly higher in the experimental cohort than that in the control group (87.2% vs. 72.8%; p = 0.007). After adjusting for the physician providing the education, however, the 3D model was no longer significantly associated with patient anatomy knowledge (p = 0.22). Mean percent of procedure-related questions answered correctly was higher in the experimental cohort (93.6%) than that in the control group (89.6%) (p = 0.16). The experimental cohort graded the importance of the 3D model for understanding their renal tumor anatomy and upcoming procedure to be very high (mean 9.4 and 9.5, respectively, on a 0–10 point scale). Twenty-three (92%) patients “definitely recommended” continued use of the 3D model as a patient educational tool. Although patients’ objective anatomy and procedural knowledge was not significantly improved with the 3D renal cryoablation model in this small pilot study, patients’ high perceived value of the model supports investigation in a larger study.
Who Killed Cecil Palmer? The Role of Memory in Night Vale’s Self-Narrative Rupture

How does Cecil know who he is if he cannot remember who he was? Using the Welcome to Night Vale episode “Cassette” as a jumping-off point, I argue that Cecil draws upon an array of mnemonic practices to cope with his forgotten past and a forced remembering of what appears to be a violent moment in his childhood. Cecil copes with the trauma of forced remembering by deciding that he will forget again until he feels prepared to remember again. Cecil’s journey to remember and forget serves as a case to understand individual agency in shaping one’s own self-narrative via remembering and forgetting. I close with a discussion of theoretical implications for both sudden, individual-level trauma and the study of memory broadly.
Point Shear Wave Elastography for Grading Liver Fibrosis: Can the Number of Measurements Be Reduced?

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess whether the number of liver point shear wave elastography (pSWE) measurements could be reduced compared with the currently recommended 10 valid measurements. Three thousand four hundred one pSWE examinations in patients with liver disease were performed with 10 consecutive valid measurements in liver segment 8. Liver fibrosis grading using published cutoff values were compared retrospectively using the median of 10 versus the first 1–9 measurements with Kendall's τ coefficient. Overall and binary (clinically significant [≥F2] versus non-significant [F0/F1]) fibrosis grading highly correlated when using 5–9 versus 10 valid measurements (τ = 0.96/0.95, p
Camber and Deflections

The primary purpose of prestressing concrete is to increase the load at which the concrete cracks. The consequence is that, depending on the choices made by the engineer, the section remains uncracked over a much larger proportion of the total load than does nonprestressed concrete, which is not typically controlled by deflections. Estimating deflections in prestressed concrete, however, is particularly important because of the slender members and longer spans that are possible. Deflections must be controlled so that serviceability is maintained when service loads are in place. This chapter covers the procedures for estimating of deflections in both class U and T members.
Management of Psychiatric Medications During Perianesthesia Period

Due to high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the general population, the preoperative anesthesia plan often must address the risks of continuing or discontinuing the psychotropic medications prior to surgery. This chapter reviews the most important classes of psychotropic medications and their potential impact upon the clinical presentation pre- and postsurgery, as well as the most significant interactions between psychotropic medications and anesthesia agents.
Promoting Intercultural Communication and Critical Thinking: The Impact of Intergroup Dialogue (IDG) Courses at Hope College, USA

Today’s college students will be living and working in a more diverse multicultural world. In order to prepare them, students will need more education in multicultural communication skills. Hye-Gyeong Ohe writes about this skill as intercultural communicative competence and explains the role of teaching this skill at liberal arts colleges (Oge, 2016). Hope College has responded by creating more campus-wide multi-cultural experiences and education opportunities for students. The faculty at Hope College, a liberal arts college in the middle of the United States, has embraced a new way of incorporating intentional dialogue practices into their classrooms using intergroup dialogue (IGD). While these techniques have led to greater student understanding of the other, how this dialogue is taught has differing results and is shaped by both institutional mission stressing liberal arts and by classroom barriers.
UNIT A11.1 Pericardial Disease

This unit presents a basic technique for evaluating non-neoplastic disease of the pericardium with optional contrast-enhanced sequences for evaluating suspected neoplastic disease. The parameters are based on experience on a Siemens 1.5 T Vision or Symphony and should be altered accordingly for different field strengths and machines from different manufacturers.
Mean residence time concepts for pharmacokinetic systems with nonlinear drug elimination described by the Michaelis-Menten equation.

Equations for the mean residence time (MRT) of drug in the body and related functions are derived for drugs which are intravenously administered into a one- or two-compartment system with Michaelis–Menten elimination. This MRT is a function of the steady-state volume of distribution and time-average clearance obtained from the dose and area under the curve (dose/AUC). The differences between the MRT calculated by the proposed method and by using the moment theory method (AUMC/AUC) are demonstrated both mathematically and by computer simulations. The validity of the proposed method for calculation of MRT and its relationship to the moment theory result have also been assessed by examining the percentage of the administered dose eliminated and the percentage of the total area attained at MRT and at AUMC/AUC in relation to the dose. The equations evolved should be helpful in clarifying residence time derivations and in defining the disposition characteristics and differences between linear and nonlinear systems. Direct methods are provided for calculation of Michaelis–Menten parameters based on the relationship between MRT and dose.
Cryopreservation and hormonal induction of spermic urine in a novel species: The smooth-sided toad (Rhaebo guttatus).

Abstract Global amphibian declines have fueled an increased interest in amphibian assisted reproductive technologies. Within the genus Rhaebo, half of the species are experiencing decreasing population trends; however, insufficient information is available on many of these species’ reproductive biology. Using the smooth-sided toad, Rhaebo guttatus, we present effective methods for collecting and cryopreserving an example of Rhaebo sperm. Specifically, our findings show that administering 10 IU/g body weight of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) yields the most motile and concentrated sperm and that cryopreserving spermic urine in a solution of 5% DMFA (N,N-Dimethylformamide) and 10% trehalose returns sperm with a 33 ± 3% average post-thaw motility. These findings may represent an important step forward in developing techniques that can be safely applied to other, more vulnerable species within the Rhaebo genus.
Fanon's Police Inspector.

Frantz Fanon practiced psychiatry in a colonized Algeria during its struggle for independence. In his 1961 work The Wretched of the Earth, Fanon described cases from his treatment of Algerian natio...
How is dynamic balance during walking affected by PD

Abstract Parkinsonian gait impairments, such as slow, shuffling and variable steps, constrain balance control and, likewise, parkinsonian balance impairments constrain gait in many ways. The large gait variability and extreme slowing and shortening of steps with a dual, cognitive task in people with Parkinsonian disease (PD) is thought to reflect less automaticity of control by the nervous system. Both levodopa and Deep Brain Stimulation in STN or GPi improve bradykinesia (pace) of gait but have little, if any, effect on dynamic balance control. Rehabilitation and exercise also improve gait bradykinesia (speed and stride length) and some specific interventions may also improve dynamic balance control during walking to reduce falls.
Detective efficiency of photon counting detectors with spectral degradation and crosstalk.

Purpose Charge sharing and migration of scattered and fluorescence photons in an energy discriminating photon counting detector (PCD) degrade the detector's energy response and can cause a single incident photon to be registered as multiple events at different energies among neighboring pixels, leading to spatio-energetic correlation. Such a correlation in conventional linear, space-invariant imaging system can be usefully characterized by the frequency dependent detective quantum efficiency DQE(f). Defining and estimating DQE(f) for PCDs in a manner consistent with that of conventional detectors is complicated because the traditional definition of DQE(f) does not address spectral information. Methods We introduce the concept of presampling spectroscopic detective quantum efficiency, DQEs (f), and present an analysis of it for CdTe PCDs using a spatial domain method that starts from a previously described analytic computation of spatio-energetic crosstalk. DQEs (f) is estimated as the squared signal-to-noise ratio of the amplitude of a small-signal sinusoidal modulation of the object (cortical bone) thickness at frequency f estimated using data from the detector under consideration compared that obtained from the photon distribution incident on the detector. DQEs for material decomposition (spectral) and effective monoenergetic imaging tasks for different pixel pitch is studied based on the multipixel Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) that accounts for inter pixel basis material correlation. Effective monoenergetic DQEs is estimated from the CRLB of a linear weighted combination of basis materials, and its energy dependence is also studied. Results Zero frequency DQEs for the spectral task was ~18%, 25%, and 34% for 250 μm, 500 μm, and 1 mm detector pixels respectively. Inter pixel signal correlation results in positive noise correlation between same basis material estimates of neighboring pixels, resulting in least impact on DQEs at the detector's Nyquist frequency. Effective monoenergetic DQEs (0) at the optimal energy is relatively tolerant of spectral degradation (85-91% depending on pixel size), but is highly dependent on the selected effective energy, with maximum variation (in 250 μm pixels) of 17% to 85% for effective energy between 30 to 120 keV. Conclusions Our results show that spatio-energetic correlations degrade DQEs (f) beyond what is lost by poor spectral response in a single detector element. The positive correlation between computed single basis material values in neighboring pixels results in the penalty to DQEs (f) to be the least at the Nyquist frequency of the detector. It is desirable to reduce spectral degradation and crosstalk to minimize the impact on system performance. Larger pixels sizes have better spatio-energetic response due to lower charge sharing and escape of scatter and K-fluorescence photons, and therefore higher DQEs (0). Effective monoenergetic DQEs (0) at the optimal energy is much less affected by spectral degradation and crosstalk compared to DQEs for spectral tasks.
Targeted Muscle Reinnervation in the Hand: Treatment and Prevention of Pain After Ray Amputation.

Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR), originally developed as an experimental technique for prosthetic control, has been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment and prevention of postamputation pain. Targeted muscle reinnervation involves coaptation of residual nerve ends to nearby motor nerve branches of healthy but expendable muscles proximal to an amputation. It has been shown to prevent and reduce residual limb pain and phantom limb pain after major upper and lower extremity amputation. However, the use of this technique has not been described distal to the forearm because bioprosthetic use is not a consideration at that level. The aim of this article was to (1) present 2 cases of TMR performed in the setting of ray amputation, and (2) provide technical strategies for maximizing success and efficiency.
Improving Isolation of Open Multi-Slot 4G Antennas with Microstrip Feed Line for MIMO Applications

A dual multi-slot microstrip line-fed antenna with circular tuning stubs is presented in this paper. The two antennas may be used independently for MIMO communications and cover a frequency range from 800 MHz to 4 GHz. The slots used include one circular slot and one rectangular slot fed by a microstrip line with circular tuning stubs on the opposite side of the dielectric substrate. A cut in the ground plane is introduced to increase the isolation between the two antennas.
The participation of pregnan woment in pregnancy weight management and the effective measures

Objective To explore the effective measures for weight management in pregnant women and their influence on pregnancy outcomes.Methods 240 women with a singleton pregnancy who had a normal body mass index ( BMI ) before gastation or at the first trimester were randomly assigned to study group ( 120 women ),or control group ( 120 women ).Both group received conventional care,training and regular examination,and the study group received additional body weight intervention including reasonable dietary control,proper exercise,and basic perinatal education.Changes in BMI after labor were observed; the effective measures were analyzed and their influence on pregnancy outcomes was assessed.Results Theincidence rates of BMI ≥ 6,gestational hypertension,diabetes,vaginal delivery,fetal macrosomia,fetal distress,and postpartum hemorrhage was lower in the study group than in the control group ( x2=19.437,P＜ 0.01; x2=4.899,P＜ 0.05); x2=6.913,P＜ 0.01; x2=14.564,P＜ 0.001; x2=7.354,P＜ 0.05; x2=4.637,P＜ 0.05; and x2=6.913,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Participation of pregnant women in pregnancy weight management can effectively reduce the complications during pregnancy and delivery and the rates of Cesarean section and dystocia,significantly improving pregnancy outcomes. Key words: Pregnant women; Pregnancy weight management
Traumatic brain injury metabolome and mitochondrial impact after early stage Ru360 treatment.

Abstract Ru360, a mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake inhibitor, was tested in a unilateral fluid percussion TBI model in developing rats (P31). Vehicle and Ru360 treated TBI rats underwent sensorimotor behavioral monitoring between 24 and 72 h, thereafter which 185 brain metabolites were analyzed postmortem using LC/MS. Ru360 treatment after TBI improved sensorimotor behavioral recovery, upregulated glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways, mitigated oxidative stress and prevented NAD+ depletion across both hemispheres. While neural viability improved ipsilaterally, it reduced contralaterally. Ru360 treatment, overall, had a global impact with most benefit near the strongest injury impact areas, while perturbing mitochondrial oxidative energetics in the milder TBI impact areas.
On the robustness of high-resolution cervical auscultation-based detection of upper esophageal sphincter opening duration in diverse populations

Swallowing dysfunction, or dysphagia, occurs secondary to many underlying etiologies such as stroke and can lead to pneumonia. The upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is a major anatomical landmark that allows the passage of swallowed materials into the esophagus during swallowing. Delayed UES opening or reduced duration of opening can lead to the accumulation of pharyngeal residue, which can increase risk of aspiration. UES opening is observed through the inspection of radiographic exams, known as videofluoroscopy swallow studies (VFSSs), which expose patients to ionizing radiation and depend on subjective clinician interpretations. High resolution cervical auscultation (HRCA) is a non-invasive sensor-based technology that has been recently investigated to depict swallowing physiology. HRCA has been proposed for detecting UES opening duration through a deep learning framework. However, the proposed framework was only validated over swallows from patients. For such an algorithm to be robust, it has to be proven equally reliable for the detection of UES opening duration in swallows from both patients and healthy subjects. In this study, we intend to investigate the robustness of the HRCA-based framework to detect the UES opening in signals collected from a diverse population. The framework showed comparable performance regarding the UES opening detection with an average area under the ROC curve of 95%. The results indicate that the HRCA-based UES opening detection can provide superior performance on swallows from diverse populations which demonstrates the clinical potential of HRCA as a non-invasive swallowing assessment tool.
Minimal risk for minimally invasive hysterectomy for stage IA cervical cancer

The 2018 publication of the Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer (LACC) trial changed the surgical paradigm for women with early-stage cervical cancer. The study randomized 631 women with stage IA1 (with lymphovascular space invasion), IA2, and IB1 cervical cancer to minimally invasive or
Quality and innovation in American higher education accreditation: the case of the University of Phoenix

In 1978, the University of Phoenix was among the first for-profit universities to receive accreditation from a prestigious regional agency: the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Assoc...
The Intergenerational Health Effects of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals Program on Families With Mixed Immigration Status.

Abstract Objective Children of undocumented mothers with Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) have better mental health outcomes than children of DACA-ineligible mothers. This study explored the intergenerational health effects of DACA on undocumented parents and their children in families with mixed immigration status. Methods Forty-eight semistructured interviews were selected from a study on life transitions of 50 undocumented immigrants. Prevalent themes related to the intergenerational health effects of DACA on undocumented immigrants were identified through thematic analysis of the transcripts, and quotes were selected to illustrate themes in the participants’ own words. Results Thirty-three of the 48 respondents were DACA recipients. Twenty-six respondents were parents with a total of 61 children, 73.8% of whom were US-born. Four themes were identified: 1) DACA recipients reported decreased familial stress because of protection from deportation and increased access to health care, 2) both DACA and DACA-ineligible parents prioritized regular pediatrician visits for their children, but DACA-ineligible parents suffered from poor health because of decreased access to health care, 3) adults with DACA mirror the health behaviors of their DACA-ineligible parents, and 4) the poor health access of DACA-ineligible family members appeared to stress DACA recipients and US-born children in these families. Conclusions DACA decreases children's fear of parental deportation and loss. However, the suffering of DACA-ineligible parents and family members may stress their children and influence their health-seeking behavior in adulthood. Health care access for all members of immigrant families needs to be examined, since their well-being impacts the well-being of their children.
Determination Crisis: Media Effect Applies to Which Type of Aid? Development Aid, Humanitarian Assistance, or Food Aid.

This paper adds to the growing body of knowledge in media and foreign aid. We aim to determine whether the impact of media-led US aid allocation applies universally to any foreign aid or specific to certain aid types. This paper's contribution is that we created three new media variables and use them to determine the strength of media effect on US Official Development Assistance (ODA), humanitarian assistance, and food aid. We generated the media variables from citations of an aid recipient's events in the four leading US daily newspapers' (the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, and the Los Angeles Times) from 1966 to 2014. We used panel data fixed effects estimation technique on a dataset comprising 134 countries to determine the net strength of aid's media effect. Our findings showed that media's impact is ambiguous on the allocation of ODA. We found that the US ODA disbursement is unresponsive to media effect, whereas ODA commitment varies depending on the comparison's context. Media exposure is a critical factor for US humanitarian assistance and food aid disbursements.
Boundary Interpolation for Contractive-valued Functions on Circular Domains in Cn

We consider a boundary interpolation problem for operator-valued functions defined on a class of bounded complete circular domains in Cn (including as particular cases, Cartan domains of types I, II and III) which satisfy the von Neumann’s inequality. The solvability criterion is obtained and the set of all solutions is parametrized in terms of a family of Redheffer linear fractional transformations.
A Minimalist Fault-Tolerant Microcontroller Design for Embedded Spacecraft Computing

Inexpensive commodity microcontrollers are extremely attractive for offloading low-level, real-time computations from high-performance spacecraft computers due to their high functional density and low power, but they have not been widely used because of their low radiation tolerance. This paper presents a fault-tolerant microcontroller configuration specifically designed to tolerate space-radiation effects that be used for embedded real-time control in spacecraft. The requirements and fault-environment are examined, then an architecture is presented. An experimental testbed is described along with fault-insertion test results.
Relative costs of gynecologic endoscopy vs traditional surgery for treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding.

Background The traditional treatment for abnormal uterine bleeding when medical therapy fails has been abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy. More recently, operative gynecologic endoscopy (laparoscopy and hysteroscopy) has partially replaced this traditional approach. The cost and healthcare utilization of endoscopy compared with traditional surgical methods are poorly understood. Objective To compare the cost and healthcare utilization associated with different gynecologic endoscopic therapies vs traditional methods for the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding. Study design Review of the available medical literature. Results Vaginal hysterectomy is the least costly of all hysterectomy techniques. The direct costs of laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy are higher than those of abdominal hysterectomy, but the indirect costs are significantly less. The direct and indirect costs of endometrial ablation/resection are significantly lower than those of hysterectomy even when the cost of treatment failures is included. Conclusion Endometrial ablation/resection might be chosen over hysterectomy to treat abnormal uterine bleeding because it avoids major surgery, significantly shortens hospitalization, and allows rapid return to normal functioning.
Semantic Coherence and Inconsistency in Estimating Conditional Probabilities

Two studies examined semantic coherence and internal inconsistency fallacies in conditional probability estimation. Problems reflected five distinct relationships between two sets: identical sets, mutually exclusive sets, subsets, overlapping sets, and independent sets (a special case of overlapping sets). Participants estimated P(A), P(B), P(A|B), and P(B|A). Inconsistency occurs when this constellation of estimates does not conform to Bayes’ theorem. Semantic coherence occurs when this constellation of estimates is consistent with the depicted relationship among sets. Fuzzy-trace theory predicts that people have difficulty with overlapping sets and subsets because they require class-inclusion reasoning. On these problems, people are vulnerable to denominator neglect, the tendency to ignore relevant denominators, making the gist more difficult to discern. Independent sets are simplified by the gist understanding that P(A) provides no information about P(B), and thus, P(A|B)=P(A). The gist for identical sets is that P(A|B)=1.0, and the gist of mutually exclusive sets is that P(A|B)=0. In Study 1, identical, mutually exclusive, and independent sets yielded superior performance (in internal inconsistency and semantic coherence) than subsets and overlapping sets. For subsets and overlapping sets, interventions clarifying appropriate denominators generally improved semantic coherence and inconsistency, including teaching people to use Euler diagrams, 2 � 2 tables, or relative frequencies. In Study 2, with problems about breast cancer and BRCA mutations, there was a strong correlation between inconsistency in conditional probability estimation and conjunction fallacies of joint probability estimation, suggesting that similar fallacious reasoning processes produce these errors. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.