cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of intermittent feeding on thermoregulatory abilities of young and aged C57BL/6J mice

At 6 mth of age, male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to an intermittent schedule of feeding (every-other-day) or continued to be maintained on an ad libitum diet (24% protein). This regimen of dietary restriction resulted in increased mean and maximum lifespan (11%) compared to the survival of ad libitum-fed mice. At 8 and 26 mth of age, different groups of mice were tested for cold tolerance during 3 h exposure to 10 degrees C. Aged mice (26 mth) fed ad libitum compared to young mice (8 mth) on the same diet had significantly lower baseline colonic temperatures prior to cold exposure, and impaired cold tolerance, as measured by the rate of decline in colonic temperature during cold exposure. Dietary restriction by intermittent feeding had no significant effect on cold tolerance in young mice or baseline colonic temperature in young or aged mice. However, the cold tolerance of aged mice subjected to 20 mth of intermittent feeding was markedly improved over that of aged cohorts maintained on an ad libitum diet and in fact was indistinguishable from that of young counterparts. Thus, it appeared that this regimen of dietary restriction when implemented in young adults prevented the age-related decline in cold tolerance observed among ad libitum fed mice of this strain.
The Long Beach Longitudinal Study: Evaluation of Longitudinal Effects of Aging on Memory and Cognition

This article outlines the purposes, design, and findings of the Long Beach Longitudinal Study, a multipanel study of adults aged 28 through the upper reaches of the life span. The goal of the study is to identify normal short- and long-term longitudinal changes in memory and cognition across adulthood, and to develop models to explain cognitive changes. Descriptive findings of 3- and 16-year longitudinal change patterns are identified, as well as results suggesting the role of cognitive processing resources and intellectual ability in memory change. Change patterns of the oldest-old, who differ from less elderly adults, are discussed.
Stochastic methods for l1 regularized loss minimization

We describe and analyze two stochastic methods for l1 regularized loss minimization problems, such as the Lasso. The first method updates the weight of a single feature at each iteration while the second method updates the entire weight vector but only uses a single training example at each iteration. In both methods, the choice of feature/example is uniformly at random. Our theoretical runtime analysis suggests that the stochastic methods should outperform state-of-the-art deterministic approaches, including their deterministic counterparts, when the size of the problem is large. We demonstrate the advantage of stochastic methods by experimenting with synthetic and natural data sets.
Agronomic Performance of Tobacco Mosaic Virus-Resistant Tobacco Lines and Hybrids Possessing the Resistance Gene N Introgressed on Different Chromosomes

Resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is conferred by the single dominant gene, N, in Nicotiana glutinosa L. This gene has been transferred to cultivated tobacco (N. tabacum L.) via interspecific hybridization and backcrossing. Current TMV-resistant (TMV R ) cultivars carry N introgressed on chromosome H of the N. tabacum genome. Undesirable linkage drag effects have caused associations with reduced yields and/or quality in flue-cured tobacco, however. Other germplasm lines possess the gene transferred onto an alternative chromosome. The objective of this research was to compare the agronomic performance of nearly isogenic lines (NILs) and hybrids possessing N on different chromosomes and originating from four N donor lines. Regardless of the source of the gene, Nn heterozygotes were intermediate in value for yield, cash return, and cured leaf chemistry relative to nn and NN homozygotes. Lines and hybrids carrying N transferred from Xanthi nc produced the highest yields, whereas those possessing N introduced from TI 1473 exhibited the lowest yields. Overall, materials possessing N on chromosome H were not found to be significantly different for yield, grade index, value per hundred weight (US$ cwt -1 ), or cash return from those carrying the resistance gene on the alternative chromosome. Breeding strategies designed to reduce the amount of N. glutinosa chromatin linked to N are needed to develop TMV R flue-cured tobacco cultivars that do not exhibit an accompanying yield penalty.
Inhibition of protease activity in cultures of rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells: Effect on the transformed phenotype

We have examined the role of proteolytic activity in the genesis and maintenance of the transformed phenotype by growing cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts transfromed by Rous sarcoma virus either in medium containing plasminogen-free serum or in medium to which protease inhibitors were added. Alterations in morphology, adhesiveness, and hexose transport were used as markers for the transformed state. Addition of the trypsin inhibitors NPGB or Soy Bean Trypsin Inhibitor at concentrations which inhibited transformation-associated fibrinolysis restored adhesiveness and morphology to near normal, but did not affect the rate of hexose transport. Growth of Rous-infected cells in plasminogen-free medium blocked the appearance of morphological and adhesive alterations, but allowed the rate of hexose transport to increase to the transformed level. Thus we were able to separate the appearance of transformation-specific changes in morphology and adhesiveness (which apparently require fibrinolytic activity) from the increased rate of hexose transport (which is independent of fibrinolytic activity). Another trypsin inhibitor, TLCK, although it did not inhibit fibrinolysis, was very effective at restoring adhesiveness and morphology as well as hexose transport to normal. This raises the possibility that there is another, perhaps earlier, protease involved in the genesis of the transformed phenotype.
Stabilization, partial purification and characterization of peptidyl peptide hydrolases from germinated barley

Abstract The requirements for the extraction and stabilization of several soluble peptidyl peptide hydrolases from germinated barley were determined. Two enzymes that are absorbed by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at pH 5·5 and a group of at least three enzymes which are not absorbed at this pH were separated by gel filtration. Some of the properties of these partially purified enzymes with respect to pH and thermal stability, the effect of ionic strength as well as various reagents were determined. All of the preparations hydrolyzed hemoglobin, casein and gliadin.
Possible inhibition of Ca++ pump of rat erythrocyte ghosts by opioid k agonists.

Abstract Rat erythrocyte ghosts containing 45 Ca ++ , EGTA, ATP and Pipes buffer (pH 7.2) were prepared for studying opioid effects on Ca ++ flux. Ethylketocyclazocine and dynorphin 1–13 (dynorphin) dose-dependently inhibited La +++ -sensitive outward 45 Ca ++ movement at nM concentrations and the effect was naloxone reversible. Morphine and β-endorphin were also effective at higher concentrations, whereas leverphanol and leuenkephalin were ineffective. None of the opioids studied inhibited 45 Ca ++ inward movement. Based on these findings, it is concluded that rat erythrocyte possesses k-type opioid receptors through which the Ca ++ -pump may be inhibited.
Accumulation of cadmium by abarenicola pacifica

Abstract The bioavailability of trace metals to marine organisms depends on trace metal partitioning among geochemical phases and on the kinetics of uptake from each phase. This study was undertaken to develop a kinetic model for trace metal uptake based on equilibrium partitioning of the metal in aqueous and sedimentary phases. A three compartment model was developed and used to estimate the accumulation of cadmium under short term laboratory conditions. The rate of cadmium uptake from bentonite clay, humic acid, ferric hydroxide, and seawater was measured for the deposit-feeding polychaete Abarenicola pacifica . The results show that, under the conditions of this study, bentonite clay and ferric hydroxide can be more important sources of cadmium than seawater for Abarenicola pacifica .
At the Confluence of Memory and Meaning—Life Review With Older Adults and Families: Using Narrative Therapy and the Expressive Arts to Re-member and Re-author Stories of Resilience

In this article, the author focuses on ways in which counselors can adapt narrative therapy and expressive arts therapy techniques to cultivate and support their clients’ creativity for use in the life review process. The counselor acts in a cocreative and consultative role, drawing on the client’s expertise about his or her own life and constructing a collaborative process that also can engage the client’s family, caregivers, and important others in the client’s community. The writer suggests expressive arts techniques such as bibliotherapy, journaling, and the making of memory books, self boxes, life maps, and time capsules, along with videography as among a myriad of ways to tap into an ongoing creative meaning-making process necessary for life review. The collaborative process described facilitates deconstructing problem stories and constructing unique outcomes in their place for the client and quite possibly for the family and important others.
Pornography and Gender Equality: An Empirical Analysis

This paper examines the relationship between the circulation rates of soft‐core pornographic magazines and gender equality in the 50 American states. Gender equality is measured with the Gender Equality Index (GEX) which combines 24 indicators of the status of women relative to men in the three institutional domains of politics, economics, and legal rights. Multiple regression analysis is used to test the hypothesis that the higher the circulation rate of soft‐core pornographic magazines, the lower the level of gender equality. Several additional variables are included in the analysis to control for spurious relationships. Contrary to the hypothesis, the results show that gender equality is higher in states characterized by higher circulation rates of pornography. This relationship is interpreted as suggesting that pornography and gender equality both flourish in politically tolerant societies.
Surface modification of aggregate in asphalt concrete

Abstract The interaction of water and asphalt concrete is known to result in stripping or loss of adhesion and consequential detachment of the asphalt from the aggregate. Aggregate treated with selected polymer latex emulsions resulted in the deposition of a thin polymer film on the aggregate surface. Use of aggregates treated with these polymer emulsions resulted in a much stronger bond at the asphalt-aggregate interface. Scanning electron microscope studies showed that a thin polymer film covered the aggregate surface. The thickness of the film was measured for each sample.
Interferometric technique for the subsecond measurement of thermal expansion at high temperatures: Applications to refractory metals

A high-speed interferometric technique has been developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology to measure thermal expansion of metals between room temperature and temperatures primarily in the range 1500 K to near their melting points. The basic method involves resistively heating the specimen from room temperature up to and through the temperature range of interest in less than 1 s by passing an electrical current pulse through it and simultaneously measuring, with submillisecond resolution, the specimen temperature by means of a high-speed photoelectric pyrometer and the shift in the fringe pattern produced by a Michelson-type interferometer. The polarized beam from a He-Ne laser in the interferometer is split into two components, one which undergoes successive reflections from highly polished flats on opposite sides of the specimen and one which serves as the reference beam. The linear thermal expansion of the specimen is determined from the cumulative fringe shift corresponding to each measured temperature. The technique is capable of measuring linear thermal expansion with a maximum estimated uncertainty which ranges from about 1% at 2000 K to approximately 2% at 3600 K. Measurements have been performed on the refractory metals, niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, and tungsten, yielding thermal expansion data in the temperature range 1500 K up to near their respective melting points. Also, the technique has been used to follow the rapid dimensional changes that occur during solid-solid phase transformations; in particular, the α→γ transformation in iron has been studied.
Continuous precipitation of ceria nanoparticles from a continuous flow micromixer

Cerium oxide nanoparticles were continuously precipitated from a solution of cerium(III) nitrate and ammonium hydroxide using a static microchannel T-mixer. T-mixer synthesis results were compared with synthesis results from batch precipitation. Findings show that the method of mixing is important in the ceria precipitation process. Uniform porous film structures and nanorods were produced when the particle chemistry was synthesized using T-mixing followed by spin coating. Batch mixing, when using higher NH4OH feed concentrations followed by spin coating, was characterized by the heavy agglomeration of nanoparticles. Similar, high aspect ratio nanorods were produced when feed conditions in both batch mixing and T-mixing were identical demonstrating that the momentum effects of continuous microchannel T-mixing did not impact the synthesis process. In addition, it was found that the micromixing approach reduced the exposure of the Ce(OH)3 precipitates to oxygen, yielding hydroxide precipitates in place of CeO2 precipitates. The key advantage of the micro-scale T-mixing approach is higher throughput which is important for the scaling of ceria nanoparticle production.
Synthesis and deprotonation of η6-arene-η5-cyclopentadienyliron(II) complexes Bearing NH2OH OR SH substituents

Abstract η 6 Aniline-η p5 -cyclopentadienyliron(II) cation has been prepared by the reaction of ferrocene, aniline, and AlCL 3 -η 6 -Phenol-η 5 -cyclopentadienyliron(II) and η 6 -thiophenol-η 5 -cyclopentadienyliron(II) cations have been made by nucleophilic displacement of Cl − from η 6 -chlorobenzene-η 5 -cyclopentadienyliron(II) cation using OH − or SH − . Deprotonation of these cations with appropriate bases gives neutral cyclohexadienyl complexes with exocyclic CN, CO, or CS bonds.
Role of Calcium in the Conformational Dynamics of Factor XIII Activation Examined by Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Coupled with MALDI-TOF MS

Abstract Factor XIII catalyzes formation of γ-glutamyl-e-lysyl crosslinks within fibrin clots. FXIII A 2 can be activated proteolytically with thrombin and low mM Ca 2+ or nonproteolytically with high monovalent/divalent cations along with low mM Ca 2+ . Physiologically, FXIII A 2 is poised to respond to transient influxes of Ca 2+ in a Na + containing environment. A successful strategy to monitor FXIII conformational events is hydrogen–deuterium exchange (HDX) coupled with mass spectrometry. FXIII A 2 was examined in the presence of different cations (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ba 2+ , Cu 2+ , Na + , TMAC + , and EDA 2+ ) ranging from 1 to 2 mM, physiological Ca 2+ concentration, to 50–500 mM for nonproteolytic activation. Increases in FXIII solvent exposure could already be observed at 1 mM Ca 2+ for the dimer interface, the catalytic site, and glutamine substrate regions. By contrast, solvent protection was observed at the secondary cleavage site. These events occurred even though 1 mM Ca 2+ is insufficient for FXIII activation. The metals 1 mM Mg 2+ , 1 mM Ba 2+ , and 1 mM Cu 2+ each led to conformational changes, many in the same FXIII regions as Ca 2+ . FXIII could also be activated nonproteolytically with 500 mM tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC + ) and 500 mM ethylenediamine (EDA 2+ ), both with 2 mM Ca 2+ . These different HDX studies help reveal the first FXIII segments that respond to physiological Ca 2+ levels.
Calorie restriction extends the chronological lifespan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae independently of the Sirtuins.

Summary Calorie restriction (CR) extends the mean and maximum lifespan of a wide variety of organisms ranging from yeast to mammals, although the molecular mechanisms of action remain unclear. For the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae reducing glucose in the growth medium extends both the replicative and chronological lifespans (CLS). The conserved NAD + -dependent histone deacetylase, Sir2p, promotes replicative longevity in S. cerevisiae by suppressing recombination within the ribosomal DNA locus and has been proposed to mediate the effects of CR on aging. In this study, we investigated the functional relationships of the yeast Sirtuins (Sir2p, Hst1p, Hst2p, Hst3p and Hst4p) with CLS and CR. SIR2 , HST2 , and HST4 were not major regulators of CLS and were not required for the lifespan extension caused by shifting the glucose concentration from 2 to 0.5% (CR). Deleting HST1 or HST3 moderately shortened CLS, but did not prevent CR from extending lifespan. CR therefore works through a Sirtuin-independent mechanism in the chronological aging system. We also show that low temperature or high osmolarity additively extends CLS when combined with CR, suggesting that these stresses and CR act through separate pathways. The CR effect on
Familial Papillary Serous Carcinoma of the Cervix, Peritoneum, and Ovary: A Report of the First Case

Abstract Objective. We report an occult primary papillary serous carcinoma of the endocervix that was encountered in a woman whose mother and identical twin sister died of papillary serous carcinomas (PSCs) of the peritoneum and ovary, respectively. Methods. The medical records and the histologic material belonging to the patient, her sister, and her mother were reviewed. Results. The cervical PSC was histologically similar to the peritoneal and ovarian carcinomas. The patient has recurred with peritoneal carcinomatosis 24 months following surgery and postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Conclusions. Primary papillary serous carcinoma of the cervix is a very rare adenocarcinoma variant; there have been approximately 30 such cases reported, and, to our knowledge, this is the first documented case of familial peritoneal/ovarian/uterine papillary serous carcinoma. The prophylaxis achieved through bilateral oophorectomy in individuals with a family history of ovarian cancer does not address the risk of PSCs arising in the uterus, cervix, or peritoneum.
Interlibrary Loan Satisfaction Survey at the University of Evansville

The University of Evansville Libraries conducted an assessment to determine if interlibrary loan users were satisfied with the service. Patrons completed a survey online that gauged their levels of satisfaction with nine components of the University of Evansville Libraries’ interlibrary loan service. Overall, patrons were very satisfied with the service but offered concrete ways to improve the interlibrary loan experience, which were then implemented.
Sex differences in self-reported anxiety in rural adolescents.

An anxiety disorder affects 13 out of every 100 children. The purpose of this paper is to determine if there are differences in self-reported anxiety between male and female rural adolescents. One hundred and ninety three students aged 14-17 years in three western Pennsylvania rural high schools, USA, were surveyed. The majority of participants were Caucasian (86.5%, n = 167), female (53.4%, n = 103), and aged 15.57 (SD = .93). Females' mean self-reported anxiety score was higher than the males' score (p < 0.0001). The females' mean score was 25.09 (SD = 13.83) (score ≥ 25 may indicate the need for further evaluation for the presence of a potential anxiety disorder) while the males' mean score (n = 90) was 16.88 (SD = 10.81). Of interest, all the five factors (specific types of anxiety) scores were significantly different between males and females at p < .05. Evidenced based implications for the mental health nurse's practice will be discussed. Anxiety screening is promoted to identify youth that may need mental health treatment and referrals, especially rural and female youth.
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) After Orthognathic Surgery: A Retrospective Study and Literature Review

Purpose Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is the most common postoperative complication after surgery and general anesthesia. PONV occurs primarily within the first 24 hours and can lead to significant morbidity, delayed hospital discharge, increased hospital costs and perhaps most importantly, poor patient satisfaction. We sought, in this study, to determine the prevalence of PONV and to identify risk factors in patients who underwent orthognathic surgery. Patients and Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analytic survey of 553 consecutive patients over 14 years of age, who underwent maxillary and/or mandibular osteotomies at Kaiser Permanente Hospital (Oakland, CA), between January 2003 and March 2004. Patient-, anesthesia- and surgery-related factors that were considered to have a possible effect on the prevalence of PONV events were evaluated. Results A total of 514 patients met the inclusion criteria. Among these patients, 40.08% experienced PONV during the first 24 hours after surgery. The most important predictive factors associated with an increased risk of PONV were female gender, young patients (15 to 25 years old), nonsmoking status, presence of predisposing factors (ie, prior history of motion sickness and/or PONV, vertigo or migraine headaches), use of volatile general anesthetics, maxillary surgery, postoperative pain level (PACU) and the use of postoperative analgesic opioid drugs. We found a directly proportional relationship between the number of risk factors and the prevalence of PONV. Conclusion We found PONV had a high prevalence among patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. Further studies are needed to develop effective protocols for preventing this common and unpleasant problem.
Role of bile mucin in bacterial adherence to biliary stents.

Abstract Biliary stent placement is a well-established method of relieving obstructive jaundice. However, a frequent complication is occlusion of the stent caused by bacterial biofilm formation and sludge accumulation. In this study we investigated the possible effect of bile mucin on bacterial adherence to biliary stents at the initial stage of biofilm formation. By means of an in vitro bile-perfusion system, polyethylene stents were perfused with pig gallbladder bile infected with Escherichia coli. The concentrations of mucin in the pig bile were adjusted with purified mucin. The amount of bacteria adhering to the inner surface of the stents was measured and compared for stents perfused with bile containing various concentrations of mucin. Furthermore, we conditioned the stent inner surface with purified pig bile mucin and observed the effect of the conditioning on subsequent bacterial adherence. In addition, a common method for assaying bacterial adhesion with polystyrene microtiter plates was also used in this study. The results demonstrated that more bacteria adhered to the inner surface of stents perfused with bile containing 5 mg/mL mucin than of those perfused with bile containing 0.5 and 0 mg/mL mucin. Increased bacterial adherence was demonstrated on the stent surfaces conditioned with purified mucin compared with that seen on the nonconditioned stent surfaces. The optical densities indicating bacterial adhesion in the microtiter plate wells precoated with mucin were higher than those in noncoated plate wells. The in vitro results indicate that when a biliary stent is implanted in vivo, mucin in bile may condition the stent inner surface, modulate subsequent bacterial adherence to the surface, and participate in stent occlusion. (J Lab Clin Med 2002;139:28-34)
A counterexample in the cohomology of monoids

Let S be a commutative monoid, and 1et T be the maximal cancellative homomorphic image of S. The cohomology of S with coefficients in a left Z(S)-module D is given by Hn(S,D)=Ext Z(S) n (Z,D) as usual. [3] If from D we form the Z(T)-module D'=HomZ(S)(Z(T),D), then there is a natural homomorphism Hn(T,D')→Hn(S,D). If S is finite, then it follows from the results of [1] and [4] that this homomorphism is an isomorphism. The example presented below shows that this need no longer be an isomorphism if S is infinite.
TNF receptor 1 is involved in the induction of apoptosis by the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 in the prostate cancer cell line PC-3

Loss of p27Kip1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is observed in aggressive prostate cancers. We demonstrated that intratumoral injections of recombinant adenovirus overexpressing p27Kip1 (Adp27) reduced the growth of prostate cancer xenografts in nude mice. Presently, we studied the mechanism(s) of cell death induced by Adp27 in prostate cancer cell line PC-3. Cells were infected with Adp27 and compared with those infected by empty virus or were non-infected. Cell cycle and typical markers of apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry in the presence of the following reagents: cycloheximide, pan-caspase inhibitor ZVAD-fmk, neutralizing anti-TNFR1, and anti-TNFR2. Overexpression of p27Kip1 protein and cell cycle arrest were noted within 24 h after Adp27-infection. Sub-G1 fraction, chromatin margination, and phosphatidylserine exposure were evident by the third day of treatment. Cycloheximide elevated sub-G1 fraction in Adp27-infected cells by threefold, while ZVAD-fmk reduced sub-G1 to control levels. Caspase-dependent apoptosis occurred in a third of the population, while two-thirds were ZVAD-fmk insensitive but TUNEL-positive. Flow cytometry showed increased expression of TNFR1 and TNFR2 in Adp27-infected cells. Neutralizing anti-TNFR1 decreased TUNEL-positive score, while anti-TNFR2 did not affect p27Kip1-induced apoptosis. This is the first report showing that p27Kip1 induces caspase-dependent and -independent stages of cell death that may involve TNF-signaling through TNFR1.
Beta-Polymorphs of Uranium and Thorium Disilicides

THORIUM disilicide was first described by Brauer and Mitius1, who isolated single crystals and reported the crystal structure to be tetragonal with the space group I4/amd. Later, Zachariasen2 described an isostructural uranium disilicide observed initially during metallurgical examinations by Kaufmann, Cullity and Bitsianes3. Another phase, thought by Kaufmann et al. to be U2Si3 and also studied by Zachariasen, was found to have a hexagonal crystal structure of the AlB2-type, space group C6/mmm. The crystal structure results led Zachariasen to suggest that this compound was a second form of uranium disilicide and he designated it β-USi2. The tetragonal uranium and thorium disilicides accordingly became the alpha forms. More recently, Jacobson, Freeman, Tharp and Searcy4 obtained a thorium silicide isostructural with Zachariasen's β-USi2, but observed that the silicon content was lower than that of α-ThSi2. They used the description ‘β-ThSi2’ but suggested that the true composition was ThSi1.5±0.2.
Toeplitz operators on hardy spaceH p (S) with 0<p?1

LetB n be the unit ball inC n ,S is the boundary ofB n . We letL p (S) denote the usual Lebesgue spaces overS with respect to the normalized surface measure,H p (B n ) is its usua holomorphic subspace.H p (S) denotes the atomic Hardy spaces defined in [GL]. LetP∶L 2 (S)→H 2(B n ) denote the orthogonal projection. For eachfeL ∞(S), we useM f ∶L p (S)→L p (S) to denote the multiplication operator, and we define the Toeplitz operatorT f =PM f . The paper gives a characterization theorem onf such that the Toeplitz operatorsT f and $$T_{\bar f} $$ are bounded fromH p (S)→H p (B n ) with 0<p≤1. Also several equivalent conditions are given.
Second year treatment outcome of alcoholics treated by individualized behavior therapy: results.

Abstract Second year treatment outcome results are reported for 69 of 70 male alcoholics who, while hospitalized at Patton State Hospital, served as subjects in an experiment evaluating ‘Individualized Behavior Therapy (IBT)’ techniques. Subjects were initially assigned to either a controlled drinking or non-drinking (abstinence) treatment goal. and were then randomly assigned to either an experimental group receiving IBT or a control group receiving conventional state hospital treatment oriented towards abstinence. Previously reported results found that IBT subjects functioned significantly better than control subjects throughout the first year of follow-up. Second year follow-up results found that IBT subjects treated with a controlled drinking goal functioned significantly better than their respective control subjects on a variety of measures, including drinking behavior. Differences between IBT subjects treated with a non-drinking goal and their control subjects did not retain statistical significance during the second year of follow-up. Individual drinking profiles are presented for all subjects. Only subjects treated by IBT with a goal of controlled drinking engaged in a substantial amount of limited, non-problem drinking during the second year interval, and those subjects also had more abstinent days than subjects in any other group. The nature of adequate follow-up procedures and measures is discussed. Implications of these findings for alcoholism treatment are considered.
Classical and quantum Nambu mechanics

The classical and quantum features of Nambu mechanics are analyzed and fundamental issues are resolved. The classical theory is reviewed and developed utilizing varied examples. The quantum theory is discussed in a parallel presentation and illustrated with detailed specific cases. Quantization is carried out with standard Hilbert space methods. With the proper physical interpretation, obtained by allowing for different time scales on different invariant sectors of a theory, the resulting non-Abelian approach to quantum Nambu mechanics is shown to be fully consistent.
Differential adaptation to water deprivation in first-instar nymphs of the German cockroach (Blattella germanica) and the brown-banded cockroach (Supella longipalpa)

This study compares the relative abilities of first-instar nymphs of the german cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) and the brown-banded cockroach (Supella longipalpa F.) to survive prolonged periods of food and/or water deprivation. S. longipalpa nymphs survived significantly longer than B. germanica nymphs when drinking water was absent, but the advantage of S. longipalpa over B. germanica disappeared if food was also absent. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that S. longipalpa is adapted to drier habitats than is B. germanica, and suggest that S. longipalpa nymphs may be more capable of producing and utilizing extra metabolic water from food than B. germanica nymphs. Evidence from the literature suggests that this species difference applies mainly to juveniles, since adults of B. germanica and S. longipalpa do not differ in ability to withstand water deprivation, regardless of food availability.
Controlling the Adhesion of Conducting Polymer Films with Patterned Self-Assembled Monolayers

A photosensitive self-assembled monolayer (SAM) is selectively irradiated to fabricate a pattern on an Au electrode, and a thin film of aniline or 3-methylthiophene is deposited on it by electropol...
Pediatric Cervical Spine Injuries: A 10-Year Analysis

s of Presentations 205 Conclusion: We conclude that (1) physical functioning of a pediatric patient with unstable Chance or burst fractures does not significantly differ from the level of an average child, (2) psychosocial functioning has a statistically detectable improvement over the functioning of an average child, and (3) significant healing capacity of the damaged pediatric vertebral body exists.
pALEX, a dual-tag prokaryotic expression vector for the purification of full-length proteins

Abstract pALEX, a prokaryotic expression vector, was constructed in which the multiple cloning site (MCS, polylinker) is flanked by sequences encoding glutathione S-transferase (GST) at the 5' end and a His 6 residue tag at the 3′ end. Open reading frames cloned into this vector can direct production of fusion proteins with GST at their N terminus and a His 6 tag at their C terminus. This allows for the purification of full-size fusion proteins by a sequential two-step procedure on glutathione-agarose and Ni 2+ -agarose columns.
Internalization of fluorescent dextrans in the submandibular salivary glands of live animals: a study combining intravital two-photon microscopy and second harmonic generation

Here we show that a combination of two-photon microscopy and second harmonic generation can be successfully used to study endocytosis in the submandibular salivary glands of live animals. First, we have characterized the threedimensional structure of the acini and the ducts forming the parenchyma of the excised glands by exciting various endogenous molecules, which highlight the shape of the cells and various components of the extracellular matrix. Next, by time-lapse imaging we show the dynamic distribution of fluorescent probes injected systemically. This was achieved by using a custom-made holder aimed to reduce the motion artifacts associated with the heartbeat and the respiration in the live animals. Finally, we show that fluorescent dextrans are internalized primarily by the supporting cells in the salivary glands, a characteristic shared by other secretory organs such as the pancreas.
Ultrastructure of Feminizing Testicular Leydig Cell Tumors

The infrastructure of a feminizing testicular Leydig cell tumor was analytically compared with that of the five reported feminizing neoplasms and with that of the eight published masculinizing or hormonally inactive tumors. Certain observations were noteworthy but of uncertain significance. In the current case, nuclear outlines tended to be irregular, nuclear pores were relatively few, chromatin was often uniformly dispersed, and nucleoli were frequently multiple. Membranous whorls and “myelin figures” were common. Collectively, the nuclear aberrations were noted only in the two feminizing neoplasms studied by us.Other findings in the present case included abundant endoplasmic reticulum, swollen pleomorphic mitochondria, numerous lysosomes, “dark” and “light” Leydig cell nuclei, and specialized modifications of the plasma membrane. These observations were inconstantly present in the group as a whole, irrespective of hormonal activity.Employing present methods it is not feasible to correlate the fine anato...
Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and the renal response to blocking the renin system with irbesartan.

Aim Our recent studies revealed a striking but variable enhancement of renal vasodilator responses to blockers of the renin-angiotensin system in subjects with diabetes mellitus, possibly reflecting the level of intrarenal activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and thus a risk of nephropathy. As obesity is a common finding in diabetic individuals, and obesity has been linked to an increase in plasma angiotensinogen levels, we enrolled diabetic subjects with a wide range of body mass index (BMI) for this study. Methods Twelve Type 2 diabetic subjects in balance on a low sodium diet participated after baseline renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration measurements were made. Each subject then received 150 mg irbesartan, and renal function was measured every 45 min for 4 h. Results The average vasodilator response to irbesartan was 174 ± 33 ml/min. No correlation was found between renal plasma flow response to irbesartan and duration of diabetes, baseline glucose, or HbA1c level. BMI, our measure of obesity, was highly correlated to the renal response to irbesartan (r = 0.7; P = 0.01). Conclusions Our findings suggest an important role for obesity in activating the intrarenal renin system, perhaps via production of angiotensinogen. BMI may be an indicator of risk of nephropathy.
Motor function is associated with 1,25(OH)(2)D and indices of insulin-glucose dynamics in non-diabetic older adults.

Advancing age is accompanied by changes in metabolic characteristics, such as reduced insulin sensitivity and low levels of vitamin D, which may exacerbate age-related declines in physical function. The aim of the present study was to determine the associations between insulin–glucose dynamics, vitamin D metabolites, and performance on a battery of motor tasks in healthy, non-diabetic older adults. Sixty-nine community-dwelling men and women (65–90 years) were recruited. Insulin–glucose dynamics were determined by an intravenous glucose tolerance test, and vitamin D metabolites were measured. Motor function was characterized by the time to walk 500 m, chair-rise time, lower body strength, dorsiflexor steadiness and endurance time, and muscle coactivation. Significant unadjusted correlations were found between insulin–glucose dynamics and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] with walk time, strength, steadiness, endurance time, and muscle activation (p < 0.05). A significant amount of the variance in walking endurance was explained by the sex of the individual, 1,25(OH)2D, and fasting blood insulin (R 2 = 0.36, p < 0.001). Strength could be partially explained by age, body fatness, and fasting glucose (R 2 = 0.55, p < 0.001). Poor motor function in non-diabetic older men and women was associated with indices of insulin–glucose dynamics and the bio-active vitamin D metabolite 1,25(OH)2D. Walking endurance and strength were explained by 1,25(OH)2D and fasting blood glucose and insulin, even after adjusting for age, sex, and body fat. Motor function in a relatively small sample of non-diabetic older men and women was associated with metabolic factors that increase in prevalence with aging.
Depressed patients' acceptability of the use of self-administered scales to measure outcome in clinical practice.

Background. Self-report questionnaires are a cost-effective option to monitor the outcome of clinical care. Even when using self-report scales, consideration should be given to how much time they take to complete and how burdensome they are perceived to be. In the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project, we compared the acceptability of completing two depression scales—the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale (CUDOS).Methods. In the first study, 50 depressed psychiatric outpatients completed the CUDOS and a questionnaire assessing how burdensome it was to complete during the visit. In the second study, a separate sample of 50 depressed outpatients completed the CUDOS and BDI and a measure of scale acceptability.Results. Almost all patients completed the CUDOS in less than 3 minutes (mean = 102.7 seconds, SD = 42.7) and considered the questionnaire very little or a little burdensome (98.0%, n = ...
Sodium space and intravascular volume : Dietary sodium effects in cystic fibrosis and healthy adolescent subjects

Objective. To assess the physiologic response to salt depletion in subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF) and control male adolescents for sodium balance, sodium space, and stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis. Design. Seven subjects with CF and six controls received a salt-replete (150 or 290 mmol NaCl per day) diet and then a salt-deplete (10 mmol NaCl per day) diet while in a clinical research center. Results. Space maintenance: CF subjects responded to salt depletion with a greater weight loss than did controls (1.9 vs 0.8 kg) and a decrease in 24 Na + space, whereas controls maintained 24 Na + space. Paired (Na-deplete/Na-replete) blood volumes decreased in subjects with CF, but not in controls. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis stimulation: During salt repletion, subjects with CF had significantly higher aldosterone values than did controls in the afternoon, but not at 7:00 AM. During salt depletion, plasma renin activity and aldosterone increased significantly more in subjects with CF than in controls (renin, 35 vs 13 ng/mL/hour [9.7 vs 3.6 ng.L -1 s -1 ]; aldosterone: 181 vs 101 ng/dL [5021vs 2802 pmol/L]). Furthermore, the angiotensin antagonist saralasin increased renin much more in subjects with CF (154 vs 36 ng/mL per hour [43 vs 10 ng.L -1 s -l ]). Vasomotor functions: Mean arterial pressure was decreased in subjects with CF on both diets and decreased significantly more with low salt only in subjects with CF. During salt depletion, subjects with CF showed enhanced orthostatic tolerance (less heart rate increase with standing) compared with controls, thus obscuring their volume loss. The blood pressure response to an acute infusion of saralasin suggested that in salt-replete subjects with CF, but not in controls, angiotensin receptors were functional in maintaining vascular tone. During salt depletion, angiotensin was more important for maintenance of blood pressure in subjects with CF than in controls, because the saralasin-induced drop in blood pressure was 20%, ie, close to shock levels, in subjects with CF, and only 6% in controls. Conclusion. The data suggest that patients with CF are so successful in compensating for volume depletion by vigorous activation of the renin-angiotensin system that salt depletion/dehydration cannot be recognized easily by routine clinical measurements, eg, capillary refill, serum sodium levels, or tachycardia.
Food-related behaviors on prime-time television

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify food-related behaviors in ongoing series on prime-time television. An instrument developed for the study was used to code behaviors in a sample of 146 prime-time programs. The Nutrient-Calorie Benefit Ratio (NCBR) served as a basis for determining the nutritional quality of food associated with the observed food-related behaviors. Overall, an almost equal amount of more and less nutritious food was associated with the food-related behaviors identified. However, the nutritional quality of food shown differed significantly with respect to specific food-related behaviors, television network and program type, and characters' employment and marital status.
Methane in aqueous solution at 300 K

Abstract A Monte Carlo simulation for a methane molecule within a cluster of 202 water molecules is presented and compared with previous studies by Scheraga and Beveridge. Whereas the structural information obtained agrees with previous findings, the energy points to the need for a very large number of Monte Carlo steps and for a different algorithm to compute the partial molar internal energy.
Extending the Lee-Carter Method to Model the Rotation of Age Patterns of Mortality Decline for Long-Term Projections

In developed countries, mortality decline is decelerating at younger ages and accelerating at old ages, a phenomenon we call "rotation." We expect that this rotation will also occur in developing countries as they attain high life expectancies. But the rotation is subtle and has proved difficult to handle in mortality models that include all age groups. Without taking it into account, however, long-term mortality projections will produce questionable results. We simplify the problem by focusing on the relative magnitude of death rates at two ages (0 and 15-19) while making assumptions about changes in rates of decline at other ages. We extend the Lee-Carter method to incorporate this subtle rotation in projection. We suggest that the extended Lee-Carter method could provide plausible projections of the age pattern of mortality for populations, including those that currently have very high life expectancies. Detailed examples are given using data from Japan and the United States.
Decentralized stabilization of large scale systems with multiple delays in the interconnections

In this paper, the problem of robust stabilization of a class of time-varying large scale systems subject to external disturbances, uncertain parameters and multiple time-varying delays in the interconnections and non-linear inputs is considered. Linear memory less controllers are developed to guarantee that all solutions of the class of systems considered are uniformly ultimately bounded. Also, non-linear memoryless controllers are synthesized to guarantee that the solutions are uniformly ultimately bounded with respect to a bound with any prespecified convergence rate towards it. Finally, an example is included to illustrate the results developed in this paper.
Efficiency Scaling of High Harmonic Generation driven by a tunable Optical Parametric Amplifier in the Visible

High Harmonic Generation efficiency increases for short driver wavelengths. We study experimentally the driver wavelength dependence around 32 eV by driving the process with a tunable Optical Parametric Amplifier in the visible range.
Characterization of the altered oligosaccharide composition of the insulin receptor on neural-derived cells

Abstract Typical insulin receptors are present on neuroblastoma cell lines. High affinity binding for insulin was present in membrane preparations from NG108 (a hybrid mouse neuroblastoma-rat glioma) as well as in membranes from SK-N-MC and SK-N-SH, two human neuroblastoma cell lines. Specific [125I]insulin binding was 24.4% for NG108, 16.9% for SK-N-MC and 5.2% for SK-N-SH at membrane protein concentrations of 0.4 mg/ml. IC50 for [125I]insulin binding was 3.4 nM in NG108 membrane preparations and 0.9 nM for SK-N-SH and 1.8 nM in SK-N-MC membranes. Apparent mol. wt. for the α subunits (identified by specific immunoprecipitation using the anti-insulin receptor antiserum B10) on SDS PAGE was 134 kDa for NG108; 124 kDa for SK-N-MC and 120 kDa for SK-N-SH. Neuraminidase digestion increased the mobility of the α subunit from both NG108 and SK-N-MC receptors to 120 kDa, whereas that from SK-N-SH were unaffected. Endoglycosidase H and endoglycosidase F digestions increased the mobility of the α subunits of all 3 cell lines to varying degrees, suggesting the presence of N-linked glycosy;ation. Insulin induced autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor β subunit in WGA-purified membranes from all 3 cell lines. In addition, phosphorylation of a protein with an apparent mol. wt. 105 kDa was stimulated by insulin in WGA purified membranes from NG108. Tyrosine-specific kinase activity was present in the membranes from each cell line and was stimulated by insulin in a dose-dependent manner from 10−9 to 10−6M. Proinsulin was about 100 times less potent in stimulating phosphorylation of the artificial substrate poly (Glu, Tyr)4:1 when compared to insulin in accordance with its lower binding affinity to the insulin receptor. Hexose transport was stimulated by insulin in all 3 cell lines. These results indicate that neuroblastoma cells contain specific insulin receptors and that they may be useful as models for studying the role of insulin in nervous tissue.
Design and Synthesis of 8-Hydroxy-[1,6]Naphthyridines as Novel Inhibitors of HIV-1 Integrase in Vitro and in Infected Cells

Naphthyridine 7 inhibits the strand transfer of the integration process catalyzed by integrase with an IC50 of 10 nM and inhibits 95% of the spread of HIV-1 infection in cell culture at 0.39 microM. It does not exhibit cytotoxicity in cell culture at < or =12.5 microM and shows a good pharmacokinetic profile when dosed orally to rats. The antiviral activity of 7 and its effect on integration were confirmed using viruses with specific integrase mutations.
N-polar GaN-based highly scaled self-aligned MIS-HEMTs with state-of-the-art f T .L G product of 16.8 GHz-µm

A novel gate-first self aligned InGaN regrowth technology has been demonstrated to achieve record f T .L G product of 16.8 GHz-µm. Record I DS,sat of 2.4 A/mm was achieved with excellent transfer characteristics even at VDS = 500 mV, thereby challenging even low bandgap technologies.