cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do children with autism spectrum disorders have motor learning difficulties

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and communication impairments as well as a wide range of behavioral symptoms. For years, motor disturbance reported in ASD has not been treated as a core deficit because of the overwhelming problems in sociability and communication. Recent studies, however, reveal that motor deficits are also fundamental to ASD presentation and contribute to the core symptoms of ASD. Untreated motor problems can persist well into adolescence and adulthood, resulting in long-term physical, psychological, and behavioral issues in individuals with ASD. Thus, the ability to understand and address the overall picture of a child with ASD, including motor dysfunction, has become a critical need. This review focuses on sensorimotor adaptation and motor sequence learning in children with ASD and presents related evidence that compromised motor learning may play a critical role in motor dysfunctions of ASD. It addresses possible factors that explain controversial findings in the literature and discusses potential strategies for facilitating motor learning. Future intervention studies should address the importance of motor learning beyond social and language domains in ASD.
Self-Estrangement’s Toll on Job Performance The Pivotal Role of Social Exchange Relationships With Coworkers

Perhaps because self-estrangement is inherently dysfunctional, empirical research has primarily sought to understand its antecedents but not its consequences. As a result, despite its ubiquity in the workplace, self-estrangement’s insidious effects are not well understood. In this paper, because coworkers frequently bear the brunt of interactions with self-estranged workers, we sought to understand how the behavior of self-estranged workers corrodes their social exchange relationships with coworkers. In particular, we focus on how increasing self-estrangement, through its dysfunctional influence on the quality of social exchange relationships with coworkers, can exact a toll on estranged workers’ job performance. To provide greater insight into their relationships, we extend social exchange theory by specifying three behavioral outcomes that underlie the quality of ongoing, reciprocal exchanges, including the level of trustworthiness, accessibility, and peer citizenship behavior. To test our model, we gat...
Dicistronic LacZ and Alkaline Phosphatase Reporter Constructs Permit Simultaneous Histological Analysis of Expression from Multiple Transgenes

We report here the development of convenient dicistronic transgenic markers for the rapid and efficient simultaneous analysis of transgene activity in transgenic mice. Two sensitive histological ma...
Automatic 35mm Motion-Picture Printer

Auxiliary equipment has been designed and built in an experimental form which will automatically control the light shutter of a Bell & Howell printer. By means of silicon solar cells, a contact-making voltmeter and a 22-step selsyn transmitter device the aperture control of the printer is varied in accordance with the opacity of the negative being printed.
Analysis on Notifiable Infectious Diseases in Guangning County of Guangdong during 2006-2010

[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristics and change trend of category A,B and C infectious disease in Guangning county of Zhaoqing city of Guangdong,provide a scientific basis for disease surveillance and control measures of infectious diseases.[Methods]The epidemic data of notifiable infectious diseases in Guangning county during 2006-2010 were analyzed with descriptive epidemiology method.[Results]During 2006-2010,there was no category A infectious disease in Guangning county.10 228 cases of 21 kinds of category B and C infectious disease were reported with 66 death cases,the average annual incidence was 471.62/lakh,mortality was 3.00/lakh,and the fatality rate was 0.65 %.The top five infectious diseases were hepatitis B(123.09/lakh),tuberculosis(99.35/lakh),hand foot and mouth disease(97.97/lakh),other infectious diarrhea(31.12/lakh) and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis(25.82/lakh).There were 3 747 cases of blood-borne infectious disease and sexually transmitted diseases,which accounted for 36.63%,followed by intestinal infectious diseases(31.96%),respiratory infectious disease(25.48%),other infectious diseases(5.52%),natural focal disease and vector-borne infectious diseases(0.40%).[Conclusion]The keys of infectious diseases prevention in Guangning county are blood-borne infectious disease and sexually transmitted diseases,intestinal infectious diseases and respiratory infectious disease.Meanwhile,the control and monitoring of rabies should be strengthened.
The applying study of static var compensation in 110kV Jihong Substation

Analyzes the problem s of electric energy quality due to the influence of high energy consumption load at 110 kV Jihong Substation in Shizuishan Power Supply Bureau,and emphatically introduces the schemes of using static var compensation(SVC)preventing the harmonic wave in Jihong Substation.
Considerations for inpatient versus outpatient treatment with antipsychotics.

The general goals for recovery of patients with schizophrenia are relatively simple: to improve patients' functioning, enable them to return to work or school, and allow them resume normal lives. However, there are differences between inpatient and outpatient treatment as it relates to some of these goals. For example, a hospitalized patient who has just suffered an acute episode may not be able to realistically meet the abovementioned goals. In such cases, clinicians must try to meet more feasible goals: moving patients from an acute episode to remission, reducing symptoms, improving function, and achieving stability outside of the hospital (Slide 1). This road to recovery involves two phases of treatment, inpatient and outpatient, which differ in their pursuit of patient stability. This discussion will touch on some of the differences between inpatient and outpatient treatment as it relates to acute goals and successful long-term treatment.
An electron-microscope study of centrioles in differentiating motor neuroblasts

Mature neurons with centrioles were first described at the end of the nineteenth century and have been observed in many animals (see Cajal, 1911; Ariens Kappers, Huber & Crosby, 1936). As mitosis rarely, if ever, occurs after morphological differentiation of the neuroblast begins, the function of the centrioles in nerve cells posed a problem which has yet to be resolved. Held (1909) described centrosomes in differentiating neuroblasts as being associated with the ‘fibrillogenous zone’, which suggests a role for the centriole in the differentiation of neurofibrils. Recently, electron-microscopic observations have refocused attention on the possibility of morphological and functional association between the centrioles of nerve cells and the fibrillar elements, especially neurotubules, which appear to be similar in fine structure to microtubules of other types of cells and to spindle tubules of the mitotic apparatus.
Emergency bedside-echocardiography in neonatal intensive care unit

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of emergency bedside-echocardiography in neonatal intensive care unit.Methods Six hundred and sixty-eight infants with cardiac pathological murmurs,cyanosis and shortness of breath were detected by emergency bedside echocardiography (Sonosite Micromax 1 portable ultrasound or Philips iE33 ultrasonic systems) during January 2007 to July 2011.The accuracy of emergency bedside-echocardiography in the diagnosis of neonatal heart diseases was evaluated according to the results of surgical exploration.Results Among 668 enrolled neonates with the mean age of (7.2±1.3) d,there were 347 males and 321 females,and 309 term infants [mean gestational age (39.1±0.6) weeks (37.0～42.1 weeks)] and 359 premature infants [mean gestational age (33.7±0.91) weeks (28.9～36.9 weeks)].Totally,507 cases were found cardiac abnormality by emergency bedside-echocardiography,including 268 cases of patent ductus arteriosus (232 premature and 36 term infants),115 congenital heart disease,99 persistent fetal circulation and 25 arrythmia.Surgeries were performed on 54 infants and invasive therapy was performed on one infant,and none of them received CT,magnetic resonance imaging or invasive examinations before operation; among which,51 surgeries successed and 4 infants died.Other 452 infants were treated with medications,392 infants recovered and discharged,26 infants did not recover,14 cases died and 20 cases left the hospital before recovery.The accuracy rate of Micromax 1 portable ultrasound in diagnosing congenital heart diseases was 94.5％ (52/55),while 96.4 ％ (53/55) for philips iE33 ultrasonic systems.Conclusions Emergency bedside-echocardiography could provide instant and valuable information of cardiovascular system,which would be helpful in making quick clinical decisions. Key words: Intensive care units,neonatal; Echocardiography; Medical order entry systems
What Does the Supreme Court Do

This chapter is from a pre-election conference at Humboldt University on, “Obama’s Court: Recent Changes in U.S. Constitutional Law in Transatlantic Perspective.” Presented for a European audience, this chapter advances three arguments to challenge the easy perception that the main work of the U.S. Supreme Court consists of highly freighted social rights opinions, typically yielding 5-4 outcomes. First, data on Supreme Court decisions reveals first the small number of telltale 5-4 decisions, amid a much larger number of unanimous decisions in decided cases, and a striking paucity of dissents about which cases to take in the first place. Second, in examining the issues of abortion, capital punishment and marriage equality, the chapter suggests that in terms of the actual availability of abortion, the prevalence of the death penalty, and the acceptance of same-sex marriage, the decisions of the Court may be less consequential than political activists depict. Finally, the chapter looks away from the social rights jurisprudence to the importance of the judiciary as a brake on unilateral executive action in an era marked by lack of legislative initiatives and a marked temptation for the executive to go it alone. The argument is not that the social rights cases do not matter, simply a suggestion that they may obscure the significant work of the Court in maintaining restrained presidential command – even before the present dislocations of proper governance.
Isothermal membrane-based air dehumidification: A comprehensive review

Abstract Isothermal membrane-based air dehumidification (IMAD), a recent emerged air dehumidification technology, separates the moisture from the humid air by using a selective membrane, through which only vapor molecules can transfer from the one side of the membrane at a high concentration to the other side at a low concentration. The IMAD process has superior performance potentially in energy and economic than other traditional dehumidification technologies. This paper comprehensively reviews the literature on IMAD including membrane characteristics, membrane configuration, membrane-related mass transport mechanism, and system design and operation, as well as the mass transfer modeling. State of the art in the IMAD is presented and finally the recommendations of future research are provided.
MiLift: Efficient Smartwatch-Based Workout Tracking Using Automatic Segmentation

The use of smartphones and wearables as sensing devices has created innumerable context inference apps including a class of workout tracking apps. Workout data generated by mobile tracking apps can assist both users and physicians in achieving better health care, rehabilitation, and self-motivation. Previous approaches impose extra burdens on users by requiring users to select types of exercises or to start/stop sessions. In this paper, we propose MiLift, a practical end-to-end workout tracking system that performs automatic segmentation to remove user burdens. MiLift uses commercial off-the-shelf smartwatches to accurately and efficiently track both cardio and weightlifting workouts without manual inputs from users. For weightlifting tracking, MiLift supports both machine-based and free weight exercises, and proposes a lightweight repetition detection algorithm to ensure efficiency. A research study of 22 users shows that MiLift can achieve above 90 percent average precision and recall for cardio workout classification, weightlifting session detection, and weightlifting type classification. MiLift can also count repetitions of weightlifting exercises with an average error of 1.12 reps (out of an average of 9.65). Our empirical app study on a Moto 360 watch suggests that MiLift can extend watch battery lives by up to $8.25 \times$ (19.13h) compared with previous approaches.
Significance of single hip versus bilateral hip measurements of bone mineral density

1168 Objectives: Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the “gold standard” technique for measuring bone mineral density (BMD). The International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) recommends scanning the lumbar spine and either hip. A single study showed significant left-right differences in BMD [1]. Methods: DXA scans of 150 consecutive patients (21 to 92 years), including 11 (7.3%) males, 12 (8%) pre-menopausal women, and 127 (84.7 %) menopausal women, were reviewed. Scanning was performed on a GE Lunar scanner. Final diagnosis was made per WHO criteria and ISCD recommendations [2]. Significant difference between total right hip (TRH) and total left hip (TLH), as well as between right femoral neck (RFN) and left femoral neck (LFN), was calculated using signed ranks test. Results: The BMD was overall normal in 43 patients (28.7%), osteopenia was present in 81 (54%), and osteoporosis in 26 (17.3%). The mean difference of BMD between TLH and TRH was -0.34% (ranging between -13.7% and 21.1%, overall right lower than left), which was not significant (p=0.54). In 134 patients (89%), there was equal classification of BMD for TRH or TLH, demonstrating no significant difference (p=0.98). Using FN measurements, the BMD classification was the same for either side in 121 patients (81%) (p=0.35). Conclusions: There is no significant difference in BMD measurements between right and left hip or femoral neck. There is no added clinical benefit in the measurement of BMD in both hips as against single hip measurement. Research Support: 1. Hamdy R et al. The prevalence of significant left-right differences in hip bone mineral density. Osteoporos Int. 2006(12):1772-80. 2. ISCD, Official Positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry, updated 2005:2-11.
A Critical Overview of Liquid Metal Processing in the Foundry

A need for understanding surrounds many aspects of foundry processing of liquid metals. Without this information it has been difficult to optimize foundry processes. This overview of foundry processing, from melting to casting, attempts to highlight areas that would particularly benefit from improved understanding. In some cases general approaches to the acquisition of needed information are suggested in other areas only the need is stated.
Major Scientific Achievements of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program: Overview and Highlights

Abstract This chapter presents scientific and programmatic highlights of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP), including selected results during the IODP time period (2003–2013) that stemmed from drilling during the final years of the previous Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). The chapter is organized by the main themes and initiatives of the IODP Initial Science Plan (ISP), and therefore also provides an initial assessment of IODP performance in meeting the goals of the ISP. This assessment must be considered preliminary in that many of the later IODP expeditions have yet to produce their definitive results. Nevertheless, it is clear that IODP results have made significant contributions in the ISP objectives related to past greenhouse climates, rapid climate change and sea level history in the current icehouse world, subseafloor hydrogeology and biosphere, subduction zone seismogenesis, and accretion of oceanic crust formed at slow and fast spreading rates.
Building Environmental Literacy in Florida through Non-Formal Environmental Education: Challenges and Opportunities

The growth of environmental education (EE) programs in the U.S. has produced a wide array of curricula, offered by a range of agencies. Approaches to the human-nature relationship vary within this diverse movement, as do goals and pedagogical strategies. Weaknesses in the environmental education movement persist, and given recent shifts in the political climate of the U.S., must be addressed if EE is to be an effective tool in stimulating the systemic change demanded by our current environmental crises. An increase of synergy between geography educators and environmental educators could strengthen both. This paper examines the goals, actions and curricula of EE organizations in Florida through an online survey and curricular analyses to identify dominant target levels of environmental literacy being emphasized within Florida’s EE community. Findings support the existences of a strong non-formal environmental education sphere, which retains a heavy emphasis on lower levels of ecological literacy, such as immersion in nature and fundamental scientific knowledge. More efforts to foster systemic and critical thinking are needed. The EE community must collaborate to determine which organizations and sites are best suited to these efforts.
Correlating dynamical properties of organic aerogel with increased sound insulation of sandwich wallboard systems

Low thermal conductivity of classical aerogels has long been exploited, while their dynamic properties are yet to be further investigated. This work investigates a new class of acoustic materials based on porous hierarchical three-dimensional assemblies of organic nanoparticles. Primary polymer nanoparticles are formed via chemical reactions in solution and self-assemble to fractal porous secondary particles, which in turn become the fundamental building blocks of larger globular, fibrous or hybrid structures that form the microscopic network of highly porous monolithic materials referred to as polymer-crosslinked (or X-) aerogels. Their low-cost, thin-panel form has found potential applications as constrained damping layers integrated into gypsum wallboards. The standardized chamber-based random-incident tests demonstrate drastically increased sound transmission losses without significantly increasing the board thickness and weight when light-weight X-aerogel panels of less than 1 cm in thickness are integrated into gypsum wallboards in sandwich structure. For better understanding of its excellent effect as constrained damping layers, this paper discusses experimental investigations on broadband dynamic properties of X-aerogels with the intention to correlate their intriguing dynamic properties with increased sound insulations which will have high potentials as emerging building materials for advanced noise and vibration controls and beyond.
Abstract WP226: Bypassing Interhospital Transfers for Large Vessel Occlusions in the Era of Mobile Stroke Units

Introduction: Mobile stroke units (MSU) provide prehospital intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for patients with acute ischemic strokes and transport to thrombectomy-capable stroke centers. Door-in-doo...
Generative modeling of human behavior and social interactions using abductive analysis

Abduction is an inference approach that uses data and observations to identify plausible (and preferably, best) explanations for phenomena. Applications of abduction (e.g., robotics, genetics, image understanding) have largely been devoid of human behavior. Here, we devise and execute an iterative abductive analysis process that is driven by the social sciences: behaviors and interactions among groups of human subjects. One goal is to understand intra-group cooperation and its effect on fostering collective identity. We build an online game platform; perform and analyze controlled laboratory experiments; form hypotheses; build, exercise, and evaluate network-based agent-based models; and evaluate the hypotheses in multiple abductive iterations, improving our understanding as the process unfolds. While the experimental results are of interest, the paper's thrust is methodological, and indeed establishes the potential of iterative abductive looping for the (computational) social sciences.
Radiation Pattern of a Monopole Antenna on an Electrically Large Conducting Convex Surface

Asymptotic solutions based on the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) are well developed and efficient for radiation, mutual coupling and scattering problems associated with electrically large conducting convex surfaces. However, these solutions are available for infinitesimal sources. In this paper, it is proposed to predict the radiation pattern of a monopole antenna on a conducting convex surface using the extended UTD solution for radiation by sources on or close to the surface. The product of a sinusoidal current distribution and the UTD based electric field is integrated along a monopole antenna to compute its radiation pattern. The UTD result for the radiation pattern of a monopole antenna on a circular cylinder is validated compared to the result based on the multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM).
Performance portability study for massively parallel computational fluid dynamics application on scalable heterogeneous architectures

Abstract Patient-specific hemodynamic simulations have the potential to greatly improve both the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of vascular diseases. Portability will enable wider adoption of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applications in the biomedical research community and targeting to platforms ideally suited to different vascular regions. In this work, we present a case study in performance portability that assesses (1) the ease of porting an MPI application optimized for one specific architecture to new platforms using variants of hybrid MPI＋X programming models; (2) performance portability seen when simulating blood flow in three different vascular regions on diverse heterogeneous architectures; (3) model-based performance prediction for future architectures; and (4) performance scaling of the hybrid MPI＋X programming on parallel heterogeneous systems. We discuss the lessons learned in porting HARVEY, a massively parallel CFD application, from traditional multicore CPUs to diverse heterogeneous architectures ranging from NVIDIA/AMD GPUs to Intel MICs and Altera FPGAs.
Human evolved regulatory elements modulate genes involved in cortical expansion and neurodevelopmental disease susceptibility

Modern genetic studies indicate that human brain evolution is driven primarily by changes in gene regulation, which requires understanding the biological function of largely non-coding gene regulatory elements, many of which act in tissue specific manner. We leverage chromatin interaction profiles in human fetal and adult cortex to assign three classes of human-evolved elements to putative target genes. We find that human-evolved elements involving DNA sequence changes and those involving epigenetic changes are associated with human-specific gene regulation via effects on different classes of genes representing distinct biological pathways. However, both types of human-evolved elements converge on specific cell types and laminae involved in cerebral cortical expansion. Moreover, human evolved elements interact with neurodevelopmental disease risk genes, and genes with a high level of evolutionary constraint, highlighting a relationship between brain evolution and vulnerability to disorders affecting cognition and behavior. These results provide novel insights into gene regulatory mechanisms driving the evolution of human cognition and mechanisms of vulnerability to neuropsychiatric conditions.
Right Heart Function in Critically Ill Patients at Risk for Acute Right Heart Failure: A Description of Right Ventricular-Pulmonary Arterial Coupling, Ejection Fraction and Pulmonary Artery Pulsatility Index.

Background The gold standard for right heart function is the assessment of right ventricular-pulmonary arterial coupling defined as the ratio of arterial to end-systolic elastance (Ea/Emax). This study demonstrates the use of the volumetric pulmonary artery (PA) catheter for estimation of Ea/Emax and describes trends of Ea/Emax, right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), and pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi) during initial 48 hours of resuscitation in the trauma surgical intensive care unit (ICU). Methods Review of prospectively collected data for 32 mechanically ventilated adult trauma and emergency general surgery patients enrolled within 6 hours of admission to the ICU. Haemodynamics, recorded every 12 hours for 48 hours, were compared among survivors and non-survivors to hospital discharge. Results Mean age was 49 ± 20 years, 69% were male, and 84% were trauma patients. Estimated Ea/Emax was associated with pulmonary vascular resistance and inversely related to pulmonary arterial capacitance and PA catheter derived RVEF. Seven (7) trauma patients did not survive to hospital discharge. Non-survivors had higher estimated Ea/Emax, suggesting right ventricular-pulmonary arterial uncoupling, with a statistically significant difference at 48 hours (2.3 ± 1.7 vs 1.0 ± 0.58, p = 0.018). RVEF was significantly lower in non-survivors at study initiation and at 48 hours. PAPi did not show a consistent trend. Conclusions Estimation of Ea/Emax using volumetric PA catheter is feasible. Serial assessment of RVEF and Ea/Emax may help in early identification of right heart dysfunction in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients at risk for acute right heart failure.
Modulation of brain serotonin by benzyl butyl phthalate in Fundulus heteroclitus (mummichog)

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals have been known to alter important animal behaviors by modulating serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and dopamine. F. heteroclitus (mummichog) brain serotonin and dopamine levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) following a 28-day exposure regimen involving daily doses of either 0.1 mg l−1 benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) dissolved in acetone or acetone alone (0.1 mg l−1). No differences in mean brain mass or total protein homogenate were induced by exposure to the acetone vehicle or BBP in acetone. The acetone vehicle had no effect on dopamine, serotonin, or tyrosine hydroxylase levels, but acetone did decrease tryptophan hydroxylase levels (p = 0.011). Exposure to BBP in acetone decreased dopamine (p = 0.024), increased serotonin (p < 0.001), reduced tryptophan hydroxylase as compared to the acetone vehicle alone (p < 0.001), and had no significant effect on tyrosine hydroxylase levels. This study is the first to report modulation of F. heteroclitus brain serotonin and its enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase following sub-lethal exposure to BBP in an acetone vehicle. In addition, modulation of brain dopamine in F. heteroclitus, sans simultaneous modulation of tyrosine hydroxylase, was also observed. These findings support the use of F. heteroclitus for assessing sub-lethal BBP exposure.
Weak solution of a stochastic 2D Ericksen–Leslie model driven by jump noise

We investigate a stochastic 2D Ericksen–Leslie model with a multiplicative noise of Levy type. The system models the dynamic of nematic liquid crystals under the influence of stochastic external fo...
Vascular Rings With Tracheoesophageal Compression: Management Considerations

Our series of vascular ring patients treated at Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago has now exceeded 450 patients (see Central Picture). The recommendations from this review are based on our experience with those patients. Since 1990, we have used preoperative cross-sectional imaging in all vascular ring patients. This has led us to refine our operative strategies and carefully tailor the operation to the individual's unique anatomy. In particular for right aortic arch patients, we now address the Kommerell diverticulum in most cases and carefully consider Kommerell diverticulum resection with left subclavian artery transfer. In double aortic arch patients, we also look for a Kommerell diverticulum and resect the diverticulum if present. This will decrease the number of patients presenting for a reoperation after initial vascular ring surgery. Since 1947, we have operated on 217 patients with a right aortic arch. The median age is 1.5 years. Since 2006, 47 out of 111 patients have had Kommerell diverticulum resection and left subclavian artery transfer to the left carotid artery. Mean length of stay is 4.5 days. In the same time period, 187 patients have been treated for a double aortic arch. The median age is 1 year. Twelve of these patients also had resection of a Kommerell diverticulum. The mean length of stay in this group was 3 days. Advanced preoperative cross-sectional imaging leads to precise operative techniques tailored to the unique anatomy of each vascular ring patient.
Three-dimensional echocardiography for the assessment of the tricuspid valve

Tricuspid valve pathology is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to patient morbidity. Accordingly, interest in transcatheter interventions for tricuspid valve disease has continued to grow. Echocardiographic imaging of the tricuspid valve has therefore become an integral component of patient assessment and the essential imaging modality for interventional procedures. The need for improved tricuspid valve imaging has highlighted the variability in tricuspid valve anatomy and the difficulties of using two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography alone to determine the location and type of tricuspid valve disease. Here, three-dimensional (3D) imaging using tools such as biplane imaging, multiplanar reconstruction and live 3D acquisition allow a more accurate and efficient evaluation of the tricuspid valve. The 3D imaging of the tricuspid valve is often focused on transesophageal echocardiography, but the more anterior location of the tricuspid valve also lends itself to assessment with transthoracic echocardiography. In this review, we will examine how 3D imaging can complement and enhance the information obtained from 2D echocardiography, and present novel applications for the quantitation of valvular disease and its utility in intraprocedural imaging.
Diagnostic values of elevated alpha fetoprotein in children with hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma in children.Methods All cases were diagnosed with B-ultrasonography,computed tomography scan and alpha fetoprotein (AFP).All patients underwent operations of right hemihepatectomy (n =6),left trilobectomy (n =2) and left hemihepatectomy (n =2).Results All operations were successful without complications.Discharge was within 7-9 days.During a follow-up period of 6-24 months,all patients achieved tumor-free survival with a normal level of AFP.Conclusions Hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma and hepatoblastoma have similar clinical characteristics.The first-choice treatment is either local tumor resection or hepatectomy.And long-term follow-ups are often necessary. Key words: Child; Liver; Hamartoma; Alpha-fetoproteins; Surgical procedures, operative
Mathematics for the Future of Humanity: A Radical Onto-epistemological approach

In this paper, the authors utilize a Freirean utopian pedagogy to envision a mathematics education for the future of humanity. To begin, the authors investigate how mathematics and its education correlate to particular dominate social norms and institutions that play a significant role in perpetuating our present shared social reality. Utilizing the work of ecofeminist and ecojustice scholars, the authors explain how mathematics’ and its education perpetuates a “logic of domination.” Next, the authors explore how mathematics and its education could be envisioned and practiced in ways that directly counteract its previous uses and offer alternative pedagogy and curricula choices for fostering a utopian vision where the human race that live in balance with the ecosystem. Drawing from the work of Bateson and philosophers of mathematics, aesthetic aspects of mathematics are shown to be essential aspects of a new form of mathematics. Last, the authors turn to the work of Bookchin to help understand how mathematics can be envisioned to better serve a utopian world marked by anarchist concepts of usufruct, complementarity and “irreducible minimum.” The authors conclude with suggestions to implement an onto-epistemological mathematics education curricula and pedagogy in the classroom.
Governing the souls and community: why do Islamists destroy world heritage sites?

From Bamiyan to Timbuktu and Palmyra, Islamic fundamentalist groups have willfully destroyed cultural edifices which were listed as world heritage sites. Yet, beyond the criminal acts and their sho...
Episodic Coastal Progradation of the Oxnard Plain, Southern California, USA

Zurbuchen, J.; Simms, A.R., and Huot, S., 2020. Episodic coastal progradation of the Oxnard Plain, Southern California, USA. Journal of Coastal Research, 36(6), 1130–1144. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.As droughts are projected to intensify over the next century, determining the coastal response is pivotal for hazard mitigation in the future. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR), in combination with radiocarbon and luminescence (optically stimulated luminescence [OSL]) dating methods, provides insight into the coastal response of the Oxnard Plain, Southern California, to past droughts and storms through the imaging of sedimentary stratigraphy. GPR profiles contain three radar facies and two surfaces. Two of the radar facies and the two surfaces reflect cut and fill as the beach accreted and eroded. The third GPR facies is interpreted as aeolian deposits. For the first time, beach cusps are recognized in shore-parallel profiles as concave-up surfaces. Progradation rates at the 150- to 200-year timescale along the coastal Oxnard Plain have remained relatively constant, prograding at rates between 0.3 to 1.4 m a–1. However, on decadal timescales, progradation has been episodic through time, with episodes of progradation after large floods along the nearby Santa Clara River, whereas wave action during periods of nonprogradation associated with prolonged droughts have resulted in the erosion of up to 90 m of the shoreline, equivalent to 5 to 120 years of the sediment record. Erosional surfaces often used to reconstruct past storms and tsunamis are more likely to be preserved in locations marked by higher rates of progradation, such as closer to the Santa Clara River delta.
Exploring characteristics of neural network architecture computation for enabling SAR ATR

Neural network approaches have periodically been explored in the pursuit of high performing SAR ATR solutions. With deep neural networks (DNNs) now offering many state-of-the-art solutions to computer vision tasks, neural networks are once again being revisited for ATR processing. Here, we characterize and explore a suite of neural network architectural topologies. In doing so, we assess how different architectural approaches impact performance and consider the associated computational costs. This includes characterizing network depth, width, scale, connectivity patterns, as well as convolution layer optimizations. We have explored a suite of architectural topologies applied to both the canonical MSTAR dataset, as well as the more operationally realistic Synthetic and Measured Paired and Labeled Experiment (SAMPLE) dataset. The latter pairs high fidelity computational models of targets with actual measured SAR data. Effectively, this dataset offers the ability to train a DNN on simulated data and test the network performance on measured data. Not only does our in-depth architecture topology analysis offer insight into how different architectural approaches impact performance, but we also have trained DNNs attaining state-of-the-art performance on both datasets. Furthermore, beyond just accuracy, we also assess how efficiently an accelerator architecture executes these neural networks. Specifically, Using an analytical assessment tool, we forecast energy and latency for an edge TPU like architecture. Taken together, this tradespace exploration offers insight into the interplay of accuracy, energy, and latency for executing these networks.
An Impossibility Theorem for Node Embedding.

With the increasing popularity of graph-based methods for dimensionality reduction and representation learning, node embedding functions have become important objects of study in the literature. In this paper, we take an axiomatic approach to understanding node embedding methods, first stating three properties for embedding dissimilarity networks, then proving that all three cannot be satisfied simultaneously by any node embedding method. Similar to existing results on the impossibility of clustering under certain axiomatic assumptions, this points to fundamental difficulties inherent to node embedding tasks. Once these difficulties are identified, we then relax these axioms to allow for certain node embedding methods to be admissible in our framework.
Radii of young star clusters in nearby galaxies

We measure the projected half-light radii of young star clusters in 31 galaxies from the Legacy Extragalactic UV Survey (LEGUS). We implement a custom pipeline specifically designed to be robust against contamination, which allows us to measure radii for 6097 clusters. This is the largest sample of young star cluster radii currently available. We find that most (but not all) galaxies share a common cluster radius distribution, with the peak at around 3 pc. We find a clear mass-radius relation of the form $R_{\mathrm{eff}} \propto M^{0.24}$. This relation is present at all cluster ages younger than 1 Gyr, but with a shallower slope for clusters younger than 10 Myr. We present simple toy models to interpret these age trends, finding that high-mass clusters are more likely to be not tidally limited and expand. We also find that most clusters in LEGUS are gravitationally bound, especially at older ages or higher masses. Lastly, we present the cluster density and surface density distributions, finding a large scatter that appears to decrease with cluster age. The youngest clusters have a typical surface density of 100 $M_\odot$ pc$^{-2}$.
Combination of carriers, with complementary intratumoral microdistributions of delivered α-particles, may realize the promise for Actinium-225 in large solid tumors.

Alpha-particle radiotherapy has already been shown to be impervious to most resistance mechanisms. However, in established (i.e. large, vascularized) soft-tissue lesions, the diffusion-limited penetration depths of radiolabeled antibodies and/or nanocarriers (up to 50-80µm) combined with the short range of α-particles (4-5 cell diameters) may result in only partial tumor irradiation potentially limiting treatment efficacy. To address this challenge, we combined carriers with complementary intratumoral microdistributions of the delivered α-particles. We use the α-particle generator Actinium-225 (225Ac), and we combine (1) a tumor-responsive liposome that upon tumor uptake releases in the interstitium a highly-diffusing form of its radioactive payload (225Ac-DOTA), which may penetrate the deeper parts of tumors where antibodies do not reach, with (2) a separately administered, less-penetrating radiolabeled-antibody irradiating the tumor perivascular regions from where liposome contents clear too fast. Methods: On a murine model with orthotopic HER2-positive BT474 breast cancer xenografts, the biodistributions of each carrier were evaluated, and the control of tumor growth was monitored after administration of the same total radioactivity of 225Ac delivered (1) by the 225Ac-DOTA-encapsulating liposomes, (2) by the 225Ac-DOTA-SCN-labeled-trastuzumab, and (3) by both carriers at equally split radioactivities. Results: Tumor growth inhibition was significantly more pronounced when the same total injected radioactivity was divided between the two separate carriers, as compared to the growth delay by the same total injected radioactivity when delivered by either of the carriers alone. The combined carriers enabled more uniform intratumoral microdistributions of α-particles, at a tumor delivered dose that was lower than the dose delivered by the antibody alone. Significance: This strategy demonstrates that more uniform microdistributions of the delivered α-particles within established solid tumors improve efficacy even at lower tumor delivered doses. Augmentation of antibody-targeted α-particle therapies with tumor-responsive liposomes may address partial tumor irradiation improving therapeutic effects.
Biologic functions of the IFN-γ receptors

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a cytokine that plays an important role in inducing and modulating an array of immune responses. Cellular responses to IFN-gamma are mediated by its heterodimeric cell-surface receptor (IFN-gammaR), which activates downstream signal transduction cascades, ultimately leading to the regulation of gene expression. In order to study the role of IFN-gamma in a number of immune responses and pathways, researchers have generated mice with altered patterns of IFN-gammaR gene expression. These studies, together with analyses of naturally occurring mutations of the IFN-gammaR in man, have been instrumental in elucidating the diverse functions of IFN-gamma, and are the subject of this review.
Equal rating opportunity analysis for detecting review manipulation

Online review plays an important role when people are making decisions to purchase a product or service. It is shown that sellers can benefit from boosting their product review or downgrading their competitors' product review. Dishonest behavior on reviews can seriously affect both buyers and sellers. In this paper, we introduce a novel angle to detect dishonest reviews, called Equal Rating Opportunity (ERO) evaluation. The proposed ERO evaluation can detect embedded manipulation signals based on limited amount of data. Experiments based on real data are conducted. Four highly problematic products are successfully detected from 84 products.
Parallel Run-Time System for Adaptive Mesh Refinement

In this paper we present a parallel run-time system for the efficient implementation of adaptive applications on distributed memory machines. Our approach is application driven; the target applications are characterized by very large variations in time and length scales. Preliminary performance data from parallel unstructured adaptive mesh refinement on an SP machine suggest that the flexibility of our approach does not cause undue overhead.
Criminal Defense and the International Legal Personality of the Individual

Since the beginning of the Nuremberg trial, the status of the individual in international law has changed. This change is intimately connected with the right of defense in criminal proceedings, especially international criminal proceedings. Today, as a matter of right, the individual may make certain claims in international law, and especially international criminal law and international human rights law related to criminal procedure and substantive criminal law, without relying on a state to make them on his or her behalf. This article explores this development of the international legal personality of individuals. It also considers some of the limits of this development, particularly concerning whether acts of individuals "in the field" affect the development of customary international criminal law.
From Orthodox Marxism to Parliamentary Democracy: New Interpretations of the German Social Democratic and Labour Movement, 1880-1933

THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE German labour movement has a tradition of more than a century. Yet not until the past 25 years has it received the scholarly attention it deserves. Until the 1950s the political, psychological, and methodological prerequisites for an impartial and differentiated examination were lacking. Today the history of organized labour in Germany is well on its way to becoming one of the most preferred areas of research in modern German history.' Astonishing about this recent spate of research are both its innovative approaches and continuing focus on themes that have dominated German labour historiography from the beginning. The scholarly preoccupation with
Advances in the diagnosis and classification of myelodysplastic syndromes

The diagnosis and classification of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) present unique challenges, particularly in the distinction from benign conditions that can cause cytopenia. The diagnostician must effectively incorporate information from several morphologic modalities (trephine biopsy, aspirate smear, and peripheral blood smear) as well as a myriad of ancillary testing results, such as flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and, increasingly, molecular genetic testing results. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of MDS has evolved rapidly in recent years, largely due to advances in molecular genetic technology and more complete characterization of genetic aberrations and gene expression patterns. The 2008 WHO Classification is currently being updated to incorporate this new information. In this review, the principles of bone marrow interpretation with respect to the diagnosis and classification of MDS in the current era will be reviewed, including accurate morphologic interpretation, use of flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, appropriate use of cytogenetics, and the emerging role of molecular genetics.
Diurnal and Menstrual Cycle Variations in Serum Vitamin B-12 and Folacin Activity in Baboons

Serum levels of vitamin B-12 and folacin were determined every 6 hours over a 24-hour period in five baboons and every other day throughout complete menstrual cycles in seven baboons. All baboons were normally cycling females exhibiting serum estrogen, progestin, and luteinizing hormone levels during the follicular, ovulatory and, luteal phases, respectively, of their menstrual cycles of 217.9 plus or minus 115.6, 420.3 plus or minus 113.9, 207.3 plus or minus 88.6 pg/ml; 1.71 plus or minus 0.84, 2.72 plus or minus 1.50, 5.92 plus or minus 4.38 ng/ml; 2.85 plus or minus 2.3, 38.4 plus or minus 20.5, 6.0 plus or minus 6.6 mg/ml. Serum vitamin B-12 levels did not vary significantly over a 24-hour period although higher mean levels were observed at 1200 and 1800 hours, whereas the lowest mean levels were observed at 2400 and 0600 hours. Folacin activity varied significantly (P smaller than 0.01) over a 24-hour period with the mean level at 1800 hours significantly higher (P smaller than 0.01) than that at all other times. The overall means and standard deviations for vitamin B-12 and folacin, respectively, during this study were 742.2 plus or minus 785.6 pg/ml and 14.48 plus or minus 6.74 ng/ml. Serum levels of vitamin B-12 and folacin did not vary significantly between the follicular or luteal phases or show any significant correlation with the day of the menstrual cycle when analyzed by linear regression procedures. The overall means and standard deviations for vitamin B-12 and folacin, respectively, during the menstrual cycle study were 438.5 plus or minus 137.9 pg/ml and 14.8 plus or minus 4.27 ng/ml.
Uniquely folded mini-protein motifs.

: Mini-proteins containing fewer than 40 amino acids provide simple model systems for studying protein folding and stability as well as serving as scaffolds for the rational design of new functional motifs. This article reviews current progress on the design and characterization of discretely folded mini-protein motifs.