cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of water ice clouds in the Martian hydrologic cycle

A one-dimensional model for the seasonal cycle of water on Mars has been used to investigate the direction of the net annual transport of water on the planet and to study the possible role of water ice clouds, which are included as an independent phase in addition to ground ice and water vapor, in the cycle. The calculated seasonal and spatial patterns of occurrence of water ice clouds are qualitatively similar to the observed polar hoods, suggesting that these polar clouds are, in fact, an important component of water cycle. A residual dry ice in the south acts as a cold trap which, in the absence of sources other than the caps, will ultimately attract the water ice from the north cap; however, in the presence of a source of water in northern midlatitudes during spring, it is possible that the observed distribution of vapor and ice can be in a steady state even if a residual CO2 cap is a permanent feature of the system.
A bibliometric analysis of observatory publications for the period 2008-2012

The primary scientific output from an astronomical telescope is the collection of papers published in refereed journals. A telescope's productivity is measured by the number of papers published which are based upon data taken with the telescope. The scientific impact of a paper can be measured quantitatively by the number of citations that the paper receives. In this paper I will examine the productivity and impact of over 20 telescopes, mainly optical/IR, with apertures larger than 3.5-m for the years between 2008 and 2012.
The dynamics of coupled nonisothermal continuous stirred tank reactors

Abstract Two continuous stirred tank reactors, each with an exothermic chemical reaction, are coupled by heat or mass transfer. Using mass-transfer coupling with identical reactors, chaos occurs by the period doubling route as the strength of the coupling is increased. The chaos is first of a symmetry breaking type, but with larger amounts of coupling it becomes symmetric with respect to interchanging the reactors. In the case of heat-transfer coupling, it is shown that chaotic behaviour can occur with a distorted torus attractor.
Automated Coregistration of Repeat Digital Elevation Models for Surface Elevation Change Measurement Using Geometric Constraints

A large archive of digital elevation model (DEM) data spanning more than a decade is now available for a wide range of earth surface process studies. Precise coregistration is a critical step for obtaining accurate elevation change measurements from repeat DEMs. We present an algorithm for coregistering stereoscopic gridded DEMs that includes an automatic detection of control surfaces, a reliable estimation technique for defining a geometric relationship between DEMs through a 3-D conformal transformation, and a quality check (QC) for the confidence of the coregistration. For the control surface detection, we use a geometric constraint approach that uses similarities in slope, aspect, and height undulation as observation weights in an iterative transformation model solution. The QC is possible through the evaluation of the geometric similarities and the amount of detected relatively unchanged surfaces. We test our algorithm using a sample of repeat stereoscopic gridded DEMs from multiple sources over a rapidly changing glacier in Greenland. The algorithm results, on average, in a 24% decrease in the standard error, as obtained from elevation over stationary surfaces. The result is not sensitive to the distribution of the control surface. The QC metric provides a simple and effective criterion for parsing result quality in large data sets. Surface height decreases of ~ 110 and 200 m at the up-glacier and down-glacier ends of Kangerdlugssuaq Glacier in Greenland are observed between April 2001 and June 2010, respectively.
Calcium and Magnesium Binding Properties of Soybean Calmodulin 1 and 4

Calmodulin (CaM) is known to bind and regulate hundreds of different proteins in a calcium dependent manner. Mammals encode a single isoform of CaM, while plants encode up to ten different isoforms (and dozens of calmodulin-like proteins). Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that certain soybean CaMs have the ability to differentially activate several mammalian target enzymes in a competitive manner. As a first step in understanding the functional differences among these CaMs, we have studied the Ca2+ and Mg2+ binding properties of two unique soybean CaMs, sCaM1 and sCaM4. CaM has both N-terminal and C-terminal pairs of Ca2+ binding domains (EF-hands). In order to follow cation binding and dissociation from these sCaMs we utilized various fluorescent probes (Trp, Tyr, bis-ANS and quin-2). For each sCaM, our analysis revealed that the rate of Ca2+ dissociation was similar to the regional structural change occurring at each domain, which in turn was similar to the rate of closure of each domain's hydrophobic pocket. Compared to sCaM4, sCaM1 displayed a ∼2-fold lower affinity for Ca2+ at each domain. Consistent with this finding, the N- and C-terminal domains of sCaM1 had ∼5- and 2-fold faster calcium dissociation rates than the respective domains of SCaM4. Both sCaM's N-terminal domain bound Mg2+ with a physiologically relevant affinity (≤1mM), whereas their C-terminal domains had non-physiological Mg2+ binding affinities (≥6mM). The binding of Mg2+ to the N-terminal domains of the SCaMs kept the domain in the closed state and drastically delayed the rate of Ca2+ association and opening of the hydrophobic pocket. Thus, in addition to their ability to differentially regulate enzymes, these soybean CaMs also sense and respond to Ca2+ differently.
Changes in Timing, Duration, and Symmetry of Molt of Hawaiian Forest Birds

Food limitation greatly affects bird breeding performance, but the effect of nutritive stress on molt has barely been investigated outside of laboratory settings. Here we show changes in molting patterns for an entire native Hawaiian bird community at 1650–1900 m elevation on the Island of Hawaii between 1989–1999 and 2000–2006, associated with severe food limitation throughout the year beginning in 2000. Young birds and adults of all species took longer to complete their molt, including months never or rarely used during the 1989–1999 decade. These included the cold winter months and even the early months of the following breeding season. In addition, more adults of most species initiated their molt one to two months earlier, during the breeding season. Suspended molt, indicated by birds temporarily not molting primary flight feathers during the months of peak primary molt, increased in prevalence. Food limitation reached the point where individuals of all species had asymmetric molt, with different primary flight feathers molted on each wing. These multiple changes in molt, unprecedented in birds, had survival consequences. Adult birds captured during January to March, 2000–2004, had lower survival in four of five species with little effect of extended molt. Extended molt may be adaptive for a nutrient stressed bird to survive warm temperatures but not cool winter temperatures that may obliterate the energy savings. The changing molt of Hawaiian birds has many implications for conservation and for understanding life history aspects of molt of tropical birds.
The Unfulfilled Promise Of Public Health: Déjà Vu All Over Again

Many complain about public health’s weak infrastructure and poor capacity to respond to threats of bioterrorism. Such complaints are but the anxiety-heightened expression of a periodic rediscovery of the deficiencies and unfulfilled promise of U.S. public health. An overview of more than two centuries suggests that where we are now with public health has been shaped by our earlier, limited, and crisis-focused responses to changing disease threats. We have failed to sustain progress in any coherent manner. If we do not wish to repeat past mistakes, we should learn lessons from the past to guide us in the future.
Congenital malformations of the heart associated with splenic agenesis; with a report of five cases.

This paper presents a theory for the cause of congenital malformations of the heart and other structures associated with absence of the spleen. A colmplete review of the literature and the data of the authors' 5 cases lead to this proposal: a lethal factor, possibly the product of a faulty ovulation, specifically affects the germinal bed of the mesoblastic surface of the coelom at an ovulatory age of 24 to 28 days.
Editorial: Prostatectomy incontinence

It is quite clear from these articles that morbidity associated with incontinence is significant and that patient satisfaction, with either cure or improvement of incontinence, is greater than 90% whether the results are achieved by the sphincter or sling technique. Clearly, the reported efforts to improve the effectiveness of these techniques in irradiated patients and to simplify the sling technique are encouraging, and suggest that the vast majority of men with postprostatectomy stress urinary incontinence can be significantly improved with relatively durable, safe and inexpensive procedures.
POVERTY AND PROCREATION AMONG WOMEN: An Anthropologic Study with Implications for Health Care Providers

Abstract In this article, select findings from a 5-year ethnographic study of homeless, pregnant women in Southern California pinpointed the contextual constraints, along with individual factors, that framed the women’s reproductive options and actions. The women had very little choice in the timing, the place, the partner, and the circumstances surrounding conception. Factors contributing to their becoming pregnant were the woman’s victimization, economic survival, lack of access to contraceptives, uncertain fertility, desire for intimacy, and hope for the future. Findings suggest that even if the women were able to establish reproductive goals and had the wherewithal to acquire and effectively use contraceptives, situational constraints (homelessness, pregnancy, poverty, contraception, fertility patterns) might still prevent their success.
Embryonic and adult acetylcholine receptors: molecular basis of developmental changes in ion channel properties

Abstract Acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) undergo significant changes in their distribution and properties during nerve—muscle synapse formation. AChRs on newly formed skeletal myotubes are diffusely distributed and rapidly degraded, but AChRs at mature endplates are highly localized and metabolically stable. Embryonic and adult AChRs also differ in their ionic channels. When activated by ACh, embryonic AChR channels conduct less current but remain open several times longer than mature AChR channels. Although the mechanisms behind the changes in AChR distribution and degradation rate remain to be determined, a recent paper has elucidated the molecular basis for developmental changes in AChR channel properties in bovine muscle. Beginning in the last months of gestation, fetal calf muscle expresses a new type of AChR subunit (ϵ) that is used in place of its embryonic counterpart (γ). Functional tests using a Xenopus oocyte expression system and the appropriate mRNAs have shown that this subunit substitution can account for all the known differences between embryonic and adult AChR channel properties in bovine muscle. These data suggest that developmental changes in AChR channel properties are a result of nerve-induced changes in AChR gene expression.
Event-related brain potentials differentiate priming and recognition to familiar and unfamiliar faces

Abstract Recent studies from our laboratory have resulted in the identification of an event-related potential (ERP) correlate of a visual memory process. This memory process is reflected by a reduction in the voltage of the visual memory potential (VMP) to repeated pictures of unfamiliar faces compared tc novel pictures of faces. In the current experiment we used unfamiliar and famous faces in an identical repetition priming paradigm, while the subject differentially recognized famous from non-famous faces. Significant differences in response times were obtained between primed and unprimed familiar faces, but not between primed and unprimed unfamiliar faces. The VMP was reduced to primed unfamiliar faces and significantly diminished to primed familiar faces compared to unprimed stimuli. Priming was typically reflected by a reduction of the VMP at the occipito-temporal region, whereas recognition resulted in a diminution of the VMP at both occipito-temporal region and at the frontal region. These data support the involvement of differential neural systems for priming and recognition of visual stimuli.
Platelet activation rather than endothelial injury identifies risk of thrombosis in subjects positive for antiphospholipid antibodies

Abstract Background Anti-phospholipid antibodies (APLA) are often associated with thrombosis, defining the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) but it remains unclear why many subjects who are positive for APLA chiefly anti-cardiolipin (aCL) or anti-β2GPI (aβ2GPI) do not develop thrombosis. A related question addressed in this study is whether the target of cellular injury in APS is predominately platelets or endothelial cells (EC). Methods aCL and aβ2GPI were determined by ELISA in 88 patients, 60 of whom were thrombotic and 28 non-thrombotic. Platelet activation was measured by CD62P and by concentration of platelet microparticles (PMP) and EC activation was assessed by endothelial microparticles (EMP), both by flow cytometry. Lupus anticoagulant (LAC) was measured in the hospital laboratory. Results There was no difference in frequency of aCL or aβ2GPI, neither IgG or IgM, between the thrombotic and non-thrombotic groups. Both groups showed elevated EMP compared to controls but this did not differ between thrombotic and non-thrombotic groups. In contrast, PMP were not significantly elevated in non-thrombotic but were elevated in thrombotic compared to non-thrombotic (p = 0.03) and controls. CD62P, an independent marker of platelet activation, was also elevated in thrombotic vs. non-thrombotic. There was a trend for increased LAC in the thrombotic group but not significant. Conclusion Although all subjects had evidence of endothelial activation, only platelet activation differed between thrombotic and non-thrombotic. This supports the hypothesis that platelet activation predisposes to thrombosis in the presence of chronic EC activation. These data also raise the possibility of distinguishing risk-prone APLA-positive individuals.
Plasma Membrane and its Abnormalities in Hypertension

The plasma membrane is composed of proteins embedded in a discontinuous fashion in a lipid bilayer. These proteins maintain the integrity of the membrane and play fundamental roles as ion transport channels and as receptors for agents that regulate cell function. The membrane is therefore an important regulator of vascular smooth muscle contraction. The plasma membrane in the hypertensive animal exhibits abnormal permeability for monovalent ions and defective calcium handling. This is reflected in fewer calcium-binding sites and, as a result, in deficient membrane stabilization. These defects have been identified in several cell types, including lymphocytes, red blood cells, adipocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Evidence presented in the current review suggests that hypertension is associated with a generalized membrane defect. Abnormalities in ion transport in vascular smooth muscle cells are the most relevant to the pathogenesis of hypertension since they could be directly responsible for the rise in blood pressure. We hypothesize that the impaired stabilizing effect of calcium in vascular smooth muscle cells of hypertensive subjects renders the membrane more excitable and that this in turn leads to increased vascular reactivity and higher peripheral resistance. Peripheral vascular reactivity usually is increased in hypertension, suggesting increased responsiveness of the smooth muscle cells. Possible abnormalities of the several components of the contractile process of these cells have been investigated for the role they might play in this altered response. Abnormalities in the plasma membrane have been most clearly defined and are emphasized in this review.
Laser excited fluorescence of I2

Abstract The fluorescence spectrum of iodine was investigated from 200 to 520 nm in the presence and absence of buffer gases following excitation of I 2 with 193 nm photons. The pressure dependence of the fluorescence and tentative transition assignments for one new and several less well-known I 2 emission bands are discussed.
BROKEN SU(3) SYMMETRY, SUM RULES, AND THE MAGNETIC MOMENTS OF THE BARYONS.

Motivated by the increasing accuracy with which the magnetic moments of strange baryons are being measured, we present a calculation of these moments in broken $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ symmetry without appeal to a highly detailed theory of symmetry breaking. As primary ingredients in the calculation, we assume only the $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ transformation properties of the electromagnetic current, the octet transformation property of the symmetry-breaking medium-strong interaction, and the validity of the Drell-Hearn-Gerasimov sum rule for the anomalous moments. Saturating this sum rule with the dominant states, the decuplet and a singlet, but making no $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ assumptions on the couplings of these states or their masses, we find that all eight baryon anomalous magnetic moments and the ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{0}\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ transition moment can be expressed in terms of ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{n}$, ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$, and ${{\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}^{+}$ through relations that are valid in broken symmetry with an expected accuracy of about 10%. Further assuming the absence of the 27, in the current, we have, in addition, ${{\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}^{+}={\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{n}\ensuremath{-}4{\ensuremath{\kappa}}_{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$. We also find that our saturation assumption implies the absence of a unitary singlet piece in the electromagnetic current in the symmetry limit, so that the existing particle spectrum supports the hypothesis of a pure octet transformation property for the electromagnetic current. We also examine the Drell-Hearn-Gerasimov sum rule for high-spin systems, and this forward-direction sum rule would appear to require towers of states require towers of states for its saturation. Forward-direction sum rules for the nonflip Compton amplitude, based on the absence of fixed or moving poles in the $J$ plane with $I=2$, are also considered and found to be consistent with the results obtained from the magnetic-moment sum rules.
SEP-PAK Preparative Chromatography: Use in Radiopharmaceutical Synthesis

Abstract The use of SEP-PAKR C18 cartridges for the isolation and purification of radiopharmaceuticals, labeled with the 20.4 minute half-life radionuclide carbon-11, is reported. Synthesis and SEP-PAK preparative chrotmatographic purification of [1-11C]palmitic acid, [11C-methyl]benzyl methyl ether, [1-11C]butan-1-ol, and [1-11C]pyruvic acid are described. The use of SEP-PAK C18 cartridges has allowed development of rapid and remote methods for handling of high amounts (> 100 mCi) of radioactive products.
Colorimetric determination of nitrogen for evaluating the nutritional status of rice

Abstract The Orange—G dye colorimetric method for protein determination, was evaluated as a rapid, simple, quantitative method to determine the nitrogen nutritional status of rice. The amount of dye adsorbed by dry, ground (40 mesh) most recently matured leaf tissue ("Y leaves"), at three stages of rice development, was highly correlated with % N by the micro‐Kjeldahl method. The regression line of this relationship was different, however, at each stage of maturity. With the ratio of g plant material to ml of 0.12 dye solution as 0.2:20 for the raidtillering growth stage and 0.2:15 for samples taken at growth stages thereafter, one regression line fits all stages where % N = ‐0.34 + 0.9703 dye adsorbed (g/100 g). The method was tested on 60 leaf samples taken at three different stages of rice plant development. There was no difference at the .01% of statistical significance between the mean values of the dye and Kjeldahl method. The standard deviation of the difference between the two methods was ±0.2% ov...
An RCT of the effect of motivational interviewing on medication adherence in hypertensive African Americans: rationale and design.

Background: Hypertension disproportionately affects African Americans compared to whites, and it is the single most common explanation for the disparity in mortality between African Americans and whites. Adherence with antihypertensive medications can help reduce risk of negative hypertension-related outcomes. Motivational interviewing is a promising patient-centered approach for improving adherence in patients with chronic diseases. In this paper we describe the rationale and design of an ongoing randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of motivational interviewing versus usual care in improving medication adherence among 190 African American uncontrolled hypertensive patients, who receive care in a primary care setting. Methods: The usual care group receives standard medical care, while those in the intervention group receive standard care plus four sessions of motivational interviewing at 3-month intervals for a period of 1 year. This technique consists of brief, patient-driven counseling sessions to facilitate initiation and maintenance of behavior change. The primary outcome is adherence to prescribed antihypertensive medication, assessed with the electronic medication events monitoring system (MEMS) and the Morisky selfreport adherence questionnaire. Secondary outcomes are within-patient changes in blood pressure, self-efficacy, and intrinsic motivation between baseline and 12 months. We report the baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the participants.
A multi-lens stereoscopic synthetic video dataset

This paper describes a synthetically-generated, multi-lens stereoscopic video dataset and associated 3D models. Creating a multi-lens video stream requires small inter-lens spacing. While such cameras can be built out of off-the-shelf parts, they are not "professional" enough to allow for necessary requirements such as zoom-lens control or synchronization between cameras. Other dedicated devices exist but do not have sufficient resolution per image. This dataset provides 20 synthetic models, each with an associated multi-lens walkthrough, and the uncompressed video from its generation. This dataset can be used for multi-view compression, multi-view streaming, view-interpolation, or other computer graphics related research.
The Inside-Out Endograft: A Proposed Method to Decrease the Profile of Aortic Stent-Grafts

Purpose:To test the novel hypotheses that (1) endograft profile can be reduced if the components do not overlap in the carrier catheter and (2) the inside-out deployment technique can produce a device with overlapping layers.Technique:This study evaluated an endograft in which the graft and stents were connected to each other in an end-to-end fashion without overlap. The endograft was released into a water flow model to become overlapping layers of graft and stents. Then, a Zenith endograft was modified and deployed using this technique, which reduced the Zenith endograft introducer from 20 to 14 French.Conclusion:Inside-out endograft deployment combined with the end-to-end connection of components without overlap may be an effective method to decrease the entry profile of aortic endografts.
A browser of supporting vague query processing in an office document system

DOCPROS (DOCument PROcessing System) is an intelligent document processing and retrieval system; it supports storing, extracting, classifying, categorizing, retrieving and browsing information from a variety of office documents. This article presents a portion of the retrieval subsystem of DOCPROS for processing vague queries in which the user may only have a vague retrieval target. That is, the user does not know exactly what kinds of information he needs until some kind of description is displayed to him. A browsing mechanism is employed for such situations to assist the user in the retrieval process.
Haptoglobin concentrations in preterm and term newborns

To measure systemic haptoglobin (HPT) concentrations from birth in preterm (PT) and T newborns. To compare HPT in newborns without hemolysis or infection with values in bacteremic newborns. HPT was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 30 PT and 28 T newborns without hemolysis or infection at birth (cord blood), on days of life 2 to 4, and at 1 to 2 weeks of life. Concentrations were measured in eight additional newborns with bacteremia. Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test was used for comparisons. HPT concentrations were consistently measurable from birth in PT and T neonates. Values were significantly greater in 2- to 4-day-old PT and T newborns than in newborns at birth (P<0.01). Bacteremic newborns had higher HPT concentrations than newborns without infection (P=0.033). HPT is detectable from birth in PT and T newborns. HPT concentrations increase in bacteremic newborns. HPT levels may have clinical utility in the evaluation of neonatal sepsis.
Retrograde amnesia for forty years.

Abstract We describe a patient who, in the absence of anterograde amnesia, experienced sudden onset of profound retrograde amnesia for the last forty years of his life. The amnesia encompassed all knowledge, including motor skills, acquired during these forty years. There has been no recovery in over eighteen months. His symptoms seem most consistent with a vascular etiology. Current understanding of memory disorders fails to explain these symptoms. It may be that bis case represents a previously undescribed disorder.
How Do Religions Differ in Their Impact on Individuals’ Social Capital?: The Case of South Korea

This article assesses the extent to which three religious communities in South Korea (Protestantism, Catholicism, and Buddhism) differ in their influence on individuals’ civic engagement and interp...
Perceptions of behavioral norms related to HIV transmission by people with HIV and by residents of their communities

We examined how people with HIV are both part of and apart from the communities in which they live. We compared perceptions of behavioral norms of 203 people with HIV living in 33 different communities with community-level normative perceptions assessed by surveys of 2,444 randomly selected residents of these communities. Participants with HIV perceived behavior that risks the transmission of HIV as injunctively and descriptively more normative than did other community residents. Participants with HIV living in communities in which community residents perceived relatively widespread approval of condom use to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases also perceived these behaviors as injunctively normative, and they perceived relatively low levels of HIV stigmatization. Discussion focuses on how perceptions about "deviant" behaviors may affect the experiences of people whose stigmatized status is assumed to be the result of such behavior.
Serving the Word: Literalism in America from the Pulpit to the Bench

Serving the Word: Literalism in America from the Pulpit to the Bench. Vincent Crapanzano. New York: New Press, 2000. 408 pp.
Reconsidering the Dual-Career Marriage A Longitudinal Approach

THE topic of dual-career families has been approached by numerous researchers since the publication of Rapoport and Rapoport's (1969) pioneering work. Most have utilized a cross-sectional research design. This article attempts to add a longitudinal dimension by reporting data collected in 1977 from 45 professional women who were originally interviewed in 1969. Their career and family patterns are investigated in terms of the family life cycle proposed by Duvall (1971) and a fourfold typology introduced here. It appears that the professional careers of these women have been influenced to some extent by marriage, but to a considerable extent by the presence of children. Many of the respondents voiced the opinion that while combining a professional career, marriage, and motherhood is very appealing in ideal terms, in reality it may require a "superwoman" to do so in the face of current American cultural norms.
Mindfulness and Physical Activity

Mindfulness and mindful activity can have a profound effect on physical and mental health. When considering mindfulness and physical activity, it is important to differentiate between physical activities, which are geared toward mindfulness and have mindful components, for example, yoga, platies, and tai chi, from other mindfulness interventions that are then geared toward greater awareness and mindfulness, which may then lead to healthful behavior change such as increasing physical activity. Prescribing mindfulness interventions may be another resource to help physicians when interacting with their patients, considering motivating patients to exercise and become more physically active can be challenging. Engaging in mindfulness can elicit change over time. Integrating mindfulness to interventions with exercise is one way to initiate exercise adherence as well as improve self-efficacy. When practicing mindful-based exercise programs, the benefits can also be seen with improved breathing rate and depth, he...
Left ventricular-assist device arrest: total thrombosis of a continuous flow left ventricular-assist device

A 46-year-old man with a continuous flow left ventricular-assist device implanted as destination therapy 2 years ago (CF-LVAD; HeartMate II, Thoratec Corporation, Pleasanton, CA, USA) presented with syncope, low flow device alarms, and several brief device stoppage events. The patient had been off anticoagulation (warfarin, International Normalized Ratio goal of 2.0–2.5) and anti-platelet agent (aspirin, 81 mg daily) for 5 months due to a large …
Predicting rapid invasion of the Florida Everglades by Old World Climbing Fern (Lygodium microphyllum)

Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. ( Lygodiaceae) is a climbing fern that is becoming one of the worst non-indigenous invasive plant species in the greater Everglades ecosystem of southern Florida, USA. We examined the fern across a range of scales including the seasonality of its spore production, its height growth within infested sites and its community ecology. These attributes, combined with a series of aerial transects that identified L. microphyllum infestations across southern Florida, were used to develop a spatial model to predict its future spread in the Everglades landscape. The model shows that this non-indigenous invader could become widely established throughout the Everglades by 2014. Although several factors, such as release from natural enemies, may help explain the invasion success of L. microphyllum , it appears likely that traits related to its reproduction, such as propagule pressure, and its ability to grow in a lowlight understorey environment, may be among the most important in explaining its ability to invade both disturbed and undisturbed areas far from source populations.
DRAW: A new Data-gRouping-AWare data placement scheme for data intensive applications with interest locality

Recent years have seen an increasing number of scientists employ data parallel computing frameworks such as MapReduce and Hadoop to run data intensive applications and conduct analysis. In these co-located compute and storage frameworks, a wise data placement scheme can significantly improve the performance. Existing data parallel frameworks, e.g., Hadoop, or Hadoop-based clouds, distribute the data using a random placement method for simplicity and load balance. However, we observe that many data intensive applications exhibit interest locality which only sweep part of a big data set. The data often accessed together result from their grouping semantics. Without taking data grouping into consideration, the random placement does not perform well and is way below the efficiency of optimal data distribution. In this paper, we develop a new Data-gRouping-AWare (DRAW) data placement scheme to address the above-mentioned problem. DRAW dynamically scrutinizes data access from system log files. It extracts optimal data groupings and re-organizes data layouts to achieve the maximum parallelism per group subjective to load balance. By experimenting two real-world MapReduce applications with different data placement schemes on a 40-node test bed, we conclude that DRAW increases the total number of local map tasks executed up to 59.8%, reduces the completion latency of the map phase up to 41.7%, and improves the overall performance by 36.4%, in comparison with Hadoop's default random placement.
The Impact of Vivid Messages on Reducing Energy Consumption Related to Hot Water Use

Research suggests that vivid and personalized interventions influence proenvironmental attitudes and behaviors. Through the use of immersive virtual environment technology, people can experience vivid environmental scenarios that are personalized to the individual. An experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of vivid and/or personal messages on energy savings behavior related to hot water use. Participants experienced a virtual shower in which they received feedback (varying in vividness and/ or personalization) on the amount of energy used to heat and transport the virtual water. Participants’ hot water use during hand washing in the physical world was tracked before and after treatment. Participants exposed to vivid messages used cooler water compared with not vivid messages. There was no significant effect for personal messages and no interaction effect. The results suggest that technology that leverages vividness may be effective in promoting proenvironmental behaviors.
The Subterranean Language of Jeanine Durning's inging and Monique Jenkinson's Instrument

Two recent choreographic works—Jeanine Durning's inging and Monique Jenkinson's Instrument—employ words not as content but as kinesthetic forces. In each, as audiences sit with their own embodied thoughts, words recede and silent questions arise to connect us in the space and time of performance.
An over-land aerosol optical depth data set for data assimilation by filtering, correction, and aggregation of MODIS Collection 5 optical depth retrievals

Abstract. MODIS Collection 5 retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) over land (MOD04/MYD04) was evaluated using 4 years of matching AERONET observations, to assess its suitability for aerosol data assimilation in numerical weather prediction models. Examination of errors revealed important sources of variation in random errors (e.g., atmospheric path length, scattering angle "hot spot"), and systematic biases (e.g., snow and cloud contamination, surface albedo bias). A set of quality assurance (QA) filters was developed to avoid conditions with potential for significant AOD error. An empirical correction for surface boundary condition using the MODIS 16-day albedo product captured 25% of the variability in the site mean bias at low AOD. A correction for regional microphysical bias using the AERONET fine/coarse partitioning information increased the global correlation between MODIS and AERONET from r2 = 0.62–0.65 to r2 = 0.71–0.73. Application of these filters and corrections improved the global fraction of MODIS AOD within (0.05 ± 20%) of AERONET to 77%, up from 67% using only built-in MODIS QA. The compliant fraction in individual regions was improved by as much as 20% (South America). An aggregated Level 3 product for use in a data assimilation system is described, along with a prognostic error model to estimate uncertainties on a per-observation basis. The new filtered and corrected Level 3 product has improved performance over built-in MODIS QA with less than a 15% reduction in overall data available for data assimilation.
Lurking in the Shadows: Identifying Systemic Threats to Kernel Data

The integrity of kernel code and data is fundamental to the integrity of the computer system. Tampering with the kernel data is an attractive venue for rootkit writers since malicious modifications in the kernel are harder to identify compared to their user-level counterparts. So far however, the pattern followed for tampering is limited to hiding malicious objects in user-space. This involves manipulating a subset of kernel data structures that are related to intercepting user requests or affecting the user's view of the system. Hence, defense techniques are built around detecting such hiding behavior. The contribution of this paper is to demonstrate a new class of stealthy attacks that only exist in kernel space and do not employ any hiding techniques traditionally used by rootkits. These attacks are stealthy because the damage done to the system is not apparent to the user or intrusion detection systems installed on the system and are symbolic of a more systemic problem present throughout the kernel. Our goal in building these attack prototypes was to show that such attacks are not only realistic, but worse; they cannot be detected by the current generation of kernel integrity monitors, without prior knowledge of the attack signature.
Severe Atherosclerosis of the Intestinal Arteries Resulting in Chronic Ischemia-A Case Report

Chronic abdominal angina is relatively uncommon, and thus most surgeons have limited experience in recognizing and treating this malady. The authors report the case of a sixty-eight-year-old woman with severe atherosclerosis in all of the visceral arteries, resulting in abdominal pain and profound weight loss. Successful treatment included endarterectomy of the renal, celiac, and inferior mesenteric arteries and a Dacron bypass graft to the superior mesenteric artery.
The oomycete response gene LURP1 is required for defense against Hyaloperonospora parasitica in Arabidopsis thaliana

LURP1 is a member of the LURP cluster and the PR1 regulon, two previously defined sets of co-expressed Arabidopsis thaliana genes that share a pronounced upregulation in response to infections by the pathogenic oomycete Hyaloperonospora parasitica. LURP1 shows the most extreme transcriptional inducibility by H. parasitica of all LURP and PR1 regulon genes. Using insertion mutants we found that LURP1 is required for full basal defense to H. parasitica and resistance to this pathogen mediated by the R-proteins RPP4 and RPP5. The LURP1 protein shows no obvious similarity to proteins of known molecular function. We identified a 39-bp region of the LURP1 promoter that mediates reporter gene expression in response to H. parasitica and salicylic acid. This promoter region contains a W box motif, W(LURP1), that interacts in vitro with nuclear factors producing two separate DNA-binding patterns. W(LURP1)-related sequences are strongly enriched in the promoters of the PR1 regulon, suggesting a role for this motif in the coordinated expression of genes inducible by H. parasitica and related defense conditions.
Relating Scene-Motion Thresholds to Latency Thresholds for Head-Mounted Displays

As users of head-tracked head-mounted display systems move their heads, latency causes unnatural scene motion. We 1) analyzed scene motion due to latency and head motion, 2) developed a mathematical model relating latency, head motion, scene motion, and perception thresholds, 3) developed procedures to determine perceptual thresholds of scene-velocity and latency without the need for a head-mounted display or a low-latency system, and 4), for six subjects under a specific set of conditions, we measured scene-velocity and latency thresholds and compared the relationship between these thresholds. Resulting PSEs (min 10 ms) and JNDs (min 3 ms) of latency thresholds are in a similar range reported by Ellis and Adelstein. The results are a step toward enabling scientists and engineers to determine latency requirements before building immersive virtual environments using head-mounted display systems.
Prediction of Cutting Force in 3-Axis CNC Milling Machines Based on Voxelization Framework for Digital Manufacturing☆

Abstract A new digital-based model is presented for the prediction cutting forces in 3-axis CNC milling of surfaces. The model uses an algorithm to detect the work-piece/cutter intersection domain automatically for given cutter location (CL), cutter and work-piece geometries. The algorithm uses a voxelization framework to voxelize the cutter helix as well as the work-piece and based on voxel intersections between them can detect the tool engagement. Furthermore, an analytical approach is used to calculate the cutting forces based on the discretized model. The results of model validation experiments on machining PMMA and Aluminum 6061 are also reported. Comparisons of the predicted and measured forces show that this digital approach can be used to accurately predict forces during machining.
Evaluating high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia as a predictor of outcome following radical prostatectomy

4612 Background: The presence of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) has been associated with future development of prostate cancer. High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in other...
Diagnostic Accuracy of Abdominal Scanning

Characteristic ultrasound Datterns have been described for many abdominal and retroperitoneal diseases in the past decade but there are still verv few reviews that evaluate the accuracy of scanning in a large grouo of patients. Original and retrospective interpretations of 2 50 consecutive abdominal scans were analysed and correlated with the eventual clinical diagnoses. This report deals primarily with findings in the retroperitoneum. A number of cases were felt to show a normal Dancreas. Pancreatitis was diagnosed correctly in anoroximately 85% of cases and tumors arising in or involving the pancreas were diagnosed with about 90% accuracy. Lymphadenopathy was also diagnosed correctly in about 90% of cases.
Evaluation of lactic acid as an initial and secondary subprimal intervention for Escherichia coli O157:H7, non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, and a nonpathogenic E. coli surrogate for E. coli O157:H7.

Lactic acid can reduce microbial contamination on beef carcass surfaces when used as a food safety intervention, but effectiveness when applied to the surface of chilled beef subprimal sections is not well documented. Studies characterizing bacterial reduction on subprimals after lactic acid treatment would be useful for validations of hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) systems. The objective of this study was to validate initial use of lactic acid as a subprimal intervention during beef fabrication followed by a secondary application to vacuum-packaged product that was applied at industry operating parameters. Chilled beef subprimal sections (100 cm2) were either left uninoculated or were inoculated with 6 log CFU/cm2 of a 5-strain mixture of Escherichia coli O157:H7, a 12-strain mixture of non-O157 Shiga toxin–producing E. coli (STEC), or a 5-strain mixture of nonpathogenic (biotype I) E. coli that are considered surrogates for E. coli O157:H7. Uninoculated and inoculated subprimal sections ...
HYPERFINE STRUCTURE AND STRUCTURAL TRANSI TION OF γ'-Fe_4N MAGNETIC POWDER

The γ'-Fe4N magnetic powder has been prepared by nitrization of iron powder. The hyperfine structure and structural transition of γ'-Fe4N were investigated by Mossbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show that there are three kinds of Fe atomic configuration in γ'-Fe4N. The composite iron nitride magnetic powder contained α"-Fe16N2 can be formed by ball milling and vacuum annealing the mixture powder of γ'-Fe4N and α-Fe.
A PCBM-assisted perovskite growth process to fabricate high efficiency semitransparent solar cells

Developing highly efficient perovskite solar cells in a simple and rapid fashion will open the window for their potential commercialization. Semi-transparent devices are of great interest due to their attractive application in building integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs). In this study, efficient perovskite solar cells with good transparency in the visible wavelength range have been developed by a facile and low-temperature PCBM-assisted perovskite growth method. This method results in the formation of a perovskite-PCBM hybrid material at the grain boundaries which is observed by EELS mapping and confirmed by steady-state photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, transient photocurrent (TP) measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The PCBM-assisted perovskite growth method involves fewer steps and therefore is less expensive and time consuming than other similar methods. The semitransparent solar cells developed using this method exhibited power conversion efficiency (PCE) ranging from 12% to 4% depending on the average visible transmittance (AVT) ranging from 3% to 35%. The as-fabricated semitransparent perovskite solar cell with an active layer thickness of only about 150 nm, which is only less than half the active layer thickness of a typical perovskite solar cell, provided a PCE as high as 9.1% with an AVT of 18% and more than 12% with an AVT of 3%.
Does milk matter: Is children’s intake affected by the type or amount of milk served at a meal?

Increasing the energy density (ED) and portion size of foods promotes additional energy intake, but the effect of similar changes in milk is unknown. Using a crossover design, we tested the effect of varying the ED and portion size of milk served with lunch on preschool children's intake. Lunch was served in childcare classrooms on 4 days to 125 children aged 3-5 y (67 boys; 58 girls). Across the meals, milk was varied in ED (lower-ED [1% fat]; higher-ED [3.25% fat]) and portion size (100% [183 g]; 150% [275 g]). Foods in the meal were not varied; children ate as much of the meal as they wanted. Serving higher-ED milk did not affect milk intake by weight, but increased energy intake from milk by 31 ± 2 kcal compared to serving lower-ED milk (P < 0.0001). Serving the 150% portion of milk increased milk intake by 20 ± 3 kcal compared to serving the 100% portion (P < 0.0001). Increases in both ED and portion size combined to increase milk intake by 49 ± 4 kcal (63%; P < 0.0001). Across all children, food intake decreased when higher-ED rather than lower-ED milk was served, but meal energy intake (food + milk) did not change significantly. This response varied by sex: for boys, serving higher-ED milk decreased food intake by 43 ± 8 kcal (P < 0.0001) but did not affect meal energy intake, while for girls, higher-ED milk did not reduce food intake so that meal energy intake increased by 24 ± 10 kcal (P = 0.03). Thus, boys adjusted food intake in response to changes in ED of milk consumed with lunch, but girls did not. Serving milk in larger portions promotes intake of this nutrient-dense beverage, but the effects of milk ED on meal intake vary between children.
Acyl Carrier Protein as a Probe of the Molecular Biology of Plant Fatty Acid Synthesis

Acyl carrier protein (ACP) is the best characterized protein in plant lipid metabolism. The stability and relative ease of purification of ACP have resulted in it being the first protein of plant fatty acid synthesis (FAS) to be purified to homogeneity (1), to have specific antiserum raised against it (2), and to have amino acid sequence data available (3–5). To date, ACP has been purified from spinach, avocado, castor bean, barley, rapeseed and soybean (6, and J. Ohlrogge, unpublished data.)
Task- and Talker-Specific Gains in Auditory Training.

Purpose This investigation focused on generalization of outcomes for auditory training by examining the effects of task and/or talker overlap between training and at test. Method Adults with hearin...