cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Near-UV spectral efficiency of high-current xenon flashlamps

A discussion is given of the limiting spectral efficiency of flashlamps that are used to pump lasers. Absolute measurements indicate that 4.5 percent of the capacitor-bank energy appears as radiant energy in the region 2500-2900 A (the nominal pump band of the iodine photodissociation laser) for the flashlamps studied in this work. A large portion of the radiation in this band is due to bound-bound processes and not solely recombination radiation and bremsstrahlung as is usually assumed.
Secret communication in large wireless networks without eavesdropper location information

We present achievable scaling results on the per-node secure throughput that can be realized in a large random wireless network of n legitimate nodes in the presence of m eavesdroppers of unknown location. We consider both one-dimensional and two-dimensional networks. In the one-dimensional case, we show that a per-node secure throughput of order 1/n is achievable if the number of eavesdroppers satisfies m = o(n/log n). We obtain similar results for the two-dimensional case, where a secure throughput of order 1/√n log n is achievable under the same condition. The number of eavesdroppers that can be tolerated is significantly higher than previous works that address the case of unknown eavesdropper locations. The key technique introduced in our construction to handle unknown eavesdropper locations forces adversaries to intercept a number of packets to be able to decode a single message. The whole network is divided into regions, where a certain subset of packets is protected from adversaries located in each region. In the one-dimensional case, our construction makes use of artificial noise generation by legitimate nodes to degrade the signal quality at the potential locations of eavesdroppers. In the two-dimensional case, the availability of many paths to reach a destination is utilized to handle collaborating eavesdroppers of unknown location.
Clinical Aspects of Immunosuppression in Poultry

Abstract Chickens, turkeys, and other poultry in a production environment can be exposed to stressors and infectious diseases that impair innate and acquired immunity, erode general health and welfare, and diminish genetic and nutritional potential for efficient production. Innate immunity can be affected by stressful physiologic events related to hatching and to environmental factors during the first week of life. Exposure to environmental ammonia, foodborne mycotoxins, and suboptimal nutrition can diminish innate immunity. Infectious bursal disease (IBD), chicken infectious anemia (CIA), and Marek's disease (MD) are major infectious diseases that increase susceptibility to viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases and interfere with acquired vaccinal immunity. A shared feature is lymphocytolytic infection capable of suppressing both humoral and cell-mediated immune functions. Enteric viral infections can be accompanied by atrophic and depleted lymphoid organs, but the immunosuppressive features are modes...
Deletion of vapA encoding Virulence Associated Protein A attenuates the intracellular actinomycete Rhodococcus equi

Virulent strains of the facultative intracellular bacterium Rhodococcus equi isolated from young horses (foals) with R. equi pneumonia, carry an 80-90 kb virulence plasmid and express a highly immunogenic 15-17 kDa protein of unknown function called VapA (Virulence Associated Protein A). Recent sequencing of the virulence plasmid identified a putative pathogenicity island encoding a novel family of seven Vap proteins including VapA. These proteins exhibit a significant sequence similarity to each other but have no homologues in other organisms. In this study, we describe the construction of an R. equi mutant lacking a 7.9 kb DNA region spanning five vap genes (vapA, -C, -D, -E and -F ). This vap locus mutant was attenuated for virulence in mice as it was unable to replicate in vivo and was rapidly cleared in comparison to the virulent wild-type strain. Complementation analysis of the vap locus mutant showed that expression of vapA alone could restore full virulence, whereas expression of vapC, -D and -E could not. We subsequently constructed an R. equi strain lacking only the vapA gene and found that it was attenuated for growth in vivo to the same degree as the vap locus mutant. Unlike wild-type R. equi which replicates intracellularly, both of the mutant strains exhibited a growth defect in macrophages although their attachment to the macrophages was unaffected. These studies provide the first proof of a role for vapA in the virulence of R. equi, and demonstrate that its presence is essential for intracellular growth in macrophages.
A NOTE ON “ACCURACY” AND “PRECISION”

The terms accuracy and precision are consistently differentiated in the literature of engineering and the “hard” sciences. Precision shares a common core of meaning with reliability as used by behavioral scientists. Accuracy and validity have a similar semantic overlap. A review of the literature in educational and psychological measurement reveals an interchangeable usage of accuracy and precision in defining reliability, To help beginning students distinguish between validity and reliability, this paper advocates the use of precision, rather than accuracy, in describing reliability.
T Cell and APC Dynamics In Situ Control the Outcome of Vaccination

The factors controlling the progression of an immune response to generation of protective memory are poorly understood. We compared the in situ and ex vivo characteristics of CD8 T cells responding to different forms of the same immunogen. Immunization with live Listeria monocytogenes, irradiated L. monocytogenes (IRL), or heat-killed L. monocytogenes (HKL) induced rapid activation of CD8 T cells. However, only IRL and live L. monocytogenes inoculation induced sustained proliferation and supported memory development. Gene and protein expression analysis revealed that the three forms of immunization led to three distinct transcriptional and translational programs. Prior to cell division, CD8 T cell-dendritic cell clusters formed in the spleen after live L. monocytogenes and IRL but not after HKL immunization. Furthermore, HKL immunization induced rapid remodeling of splenic architecture, including loss of marginal zone macrophages, which resulted in impaired bacterial clearance. These results identify initial characteristics of a protective T cell response that have implications for the development of more effective vaccination strategies.
Population Growth in Euglena: A Student-Designed Investigation Combining Ecology, Cell Biology, & Quantitative Analysis

We describe the use of Euglena gracilis for student-designed investigations of environmental factors that affect population growth of this unicellular flagellate. Each group of students can choose a topic of interest to them, but within the confines of a simple cell culture system that requires little space for each student group, and at a fairly low cost. Students are provided with stock cultures of E. gracilis, along with detailed instructions on preparing control medium and counting cells using a hemocytometer. Students then design their own experiments to test factors that possibly affect population growth over several weeks.
Development of a hybrid environmental impact assessment model: a case study on computer displays

This paper presents a new approach for environmental impact assessment in a multi-attribute framework by using a modified quality function deployment (QFD) methodology. We have applied this hybrid methodology to a previously published life cycle assessment on computer displays. Our focus is on the evaluation and comparison of life-cycle environmental impacts, cost and performance attributes for CRTs and LCDs. From a methodological aspect, our approach is aimed at considering all of the life cycle stages and several important impact categories with coherent treatment of the basic data in a matrix-based QFD structure. Concurrently, some statistical methods and different sets of models (such as median ranks, prioritization matrix and analytical hierarchy process) are incorporated into the weighting and rating process. This allows us to elaborate the specific assessment steps and to provide a valid and systematic analysis. Our objective is to provide a feasible and easily accessible methodology so that display technology selection matrices can be developed on the basis of different stakeholder values. The limitations and challenges associated with this methodology are also identified and discussed in this paper.
CS principles: piloting a new course at national scale

Since 2008, NSF and The College Board, have been developing a "Computer Science: Principles" curriculum to "introduce students to the central ideas of computing and CS, to instill ideas and practices of computational thinking, and to have students engage in activities that show how computing and CS change the world". We report on the initial pilot of the CS Principles curriculum at 5 universities in 2010/11. The instructors from the pilot schools will describe their classes, the piloting experience (teaching under a microscope), and successes and failures. Emphasis will be on: mapping the CS Principles curriculum to a college's specific needs, and how others can use or modify the existing materials for pilots at their schools.
Lysis of erythrocytes by silicate minerals

In vitro studies of the destruction (lysis) of bovine red blood cells (erythrocytes) by some silicate minerals showed the reaction to be complete in less than 1 hr and very destructive to the cell membrane. The activity as lysing agents was found to be in the order smectites > silica > palygorskite -~ sepiolite > chrysotile > kaolinite. Different compositions (Fe, A1, Mg, Li, vacancy) of the octahedral sheet of the smectite and fibrous clay minerals did not appreciably alter their hemolytic activity. The most active particle size range for kaolinite and montmoriUonite was 0.2-2 ~m. Structural folding of palygorskite reduced lysis suggesting that edge surfaces and silanol groups are important in this process. Aluminum oxides and hydroxides caused no lysis, and coatings of positively charged aluminum-hydroxy polymers on montmorillonite, silica, palygorskite, and kaolinite significantly reduced lysis.
Zeta functions of integral representations

(1980). Zeta functions of integral representations. Communications in Algebra: Vol. 8, No. 10, pp. 911-925.
A Masculine Trial: The 1890–1891 Diary of Enoch Price, Lovelorn Law Student

(2007). A Masculine Trial: The 1890–1891 Diary of Enoch Price, Lovelorn Law Student. a/b: Auto/Biography Studies: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 119-142.
Robust state-based supervisory control of discrete event systems

In this paper, we present an approach for robust supervisory control of discrete event systems. In the proposed approach, we assume that the current state is known only to be within a nonempty subset of the system states. We extend the definition of discrete event system controllability to take into account such uncertainty about the current state. We show that if the system behavior can be traced within the uncertainty set then an optimal non-blocking supervisor can be constructed for the system based on the optimal supervisor under full observation
Predictors of emergency department visits and inpatient admissions among homeless and unstably housed adolescents and young adults

BACKGROUND: Individuals under age 25 years are estimated to comprise one third of the homeless population nationally. Understanding the reasons for utilization of hospitals by homeless youth is important for optimizing disposition planning. OBJECTIVES: Objectives of the present study were to: (1) report prevalence of emergency department (ED) and inpatient admissions among homeless and unstably housed youth; (2) describe demographic characteristics of those youth who seek hospital care; (3) describe their patterns of injury, illness, psychiatric, and substance use conditions; and (4) identify demographic and diagnostic predictors of ED visit or hospital readmission. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of 15-25-year-olds (N=402) who were admitted to the ED or inpatient floors of 2 urban teaching hospitals in King County, WA between July 1, 2009 and June 30, 2012 and whose address was "homeless" or "none" or a homeless shelter or service agency (ie, homeless or unstably housed), during any recorded encounter between July 1, 2009 and June 30, 2012. RESULTS: A total of 1151 ED visits and 227 inpatient admissions were documented. Fifty percent of patients had an ED visit or hospital readmission within 1 year, with 43.1% receiving care within 30 days of discharge. Cox regression showed that female individuals with an injury diagnosis (hazard ratio=1.74, 95% confidence interval=1.06, 2.85) and male individuals with an acute medical condition (hazard ratio=1.59, 95% confidence interval=1.09, 2.32) at index visit were more likely to have an ED visit or hospital readmission during the following year, as were patients who provided a private address at their index visit. CONCLUSIONS: Homeless young people who seek hospital care demonstrate a high rate of ED visits and hospital readmissions, with unique predictors of utilization associated with sex and housing status. Additional research is necessary to determine how best to transition these young people from hospital-based to community-based care. Language: en
Attachment Behavior in Abused/Neglected and Premature Infants

Bowlby (1969) put forth the concept of “attachment” as a model of the mother—infant relationship which could account for clinical observations indicating that separation of the infant from its mother had quite detrimental short-term and potentially long-term effects. By integrating points of view derived from psychoanalysis, ethology, and systems theory, this construct has proved to be extremely fruitful in stimulating developmental research. The work of Bowlby, Ainsworth, Sroufe, and their respective colleagues has produced convincing evidence for viewing attachment as an organizational construct that reflects qualitative aspects of the parent—infant relationship (Ainsworth,Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978; Lamb, Chapter 14; Sroufe & Waters, 1977). Although originally formulated based on observations of clinical populations, most of the empirical work on attachment has been conducted on normal, middle-class groups of infants and their parents. In this chapter we would like to return to the clinical realm in order to emphasize the value of clinical study for broadening and clarifying the concept of attachment.
Influence of fusing lidar and multispectral imagery on remotely sensed estimates of stand density and mean tree height in a managed loblolly pine plantation

Stereo aerial photography has long been used to measure tree density and height photogrammetrically. Recent attempts have been made to locate and measure trees automatically in high-resolution digital imagery. This study used small-footprint lidar (1.057 μm, 1 mrad divergence, 0.67 m footprint) and high-resolution (0.61 m) multispectral (550, 675, 700, and 800 nm) data sets to estimate stem counts and tree heights in 15-yr-old loblolly pine stands. A data fusion process was used to combine the datasets. Tree identification accuracy and mean height estimation derived from the separate and fused data sets were compared against field data. Tree identification was more accurate using spectral data (78.6% and 92.4%) than lidar data (64.7% and 87.3%) within the two planting densities, respectively. The fused dataset improved accuracy oftree identification over the single-datasetapproaches (83.5% and 94.8%). Plot-level mean height of lidar-located trees provided the best estimates of mean field height (average difference = 0.15 m). Missed trees for all methods were shorter than mean field height by up to 3.03 m (fused data). These results indicate fusion of spectral and lidar data will likely improve estimates of mean tree height and stem density. Increased lidar posting density is identified as a key factor to improve tree recognition and measurement.
Politicized Social Science and Human Natures Disagreeable Aspects: AnExample from the Anti-Catharsis Aggression Research

The background and pitfalls of the original catharsis hypothesis with regard to human aggressive behavior are first presented, which is followed by an account of the research on the reformulated “cathartic effect” by V. J. KoneAni and the development of his Anger-Aggression Bidirectional-Causation theoretical model (AABC). After analyzing the key findings and applications of this model, the article comments on the anti-catharsis studies by B. J. Bushman, which were carried out twenty five years later and published from the standpoint of neglect, or lack of awareness, of prior work. Such eyebrow-raising attitude to scholarship is discussed in terms of its broad socio-cultural and political backdrop – a Zeitgeist of antagonism to research that does not support a blanket “aggression breeds aggression” view and is too preoccupied with politicized quasi-sociological preferences to bother with the subtle findings and provisos of the AABC model.
Alexandrite laser passive Q -switching and spectral output enhancing up to 0.7 ÷ 1.15 p,m

The nature of the absorption band at 780 nm (at 300 K) in radiationally colored LiF crystals was investigated. It was shown that this absorption band formed under thermal annealing of LiF : F 3 − crystals completely coincides with the absorption band of N 1 − centers that were created by recharging of the neutral N1 centers under low-temperature electron reirradiation of the LiF crystal.
Perspectives of Nurses on Patients With Limited English Proficiency and Their Call Light Use

Patients use call light systems to initiate communication with their health care team. Little is known how this process is affected when language barriers exist between an English-speaking nurse and a patient with limited English proficiency (LEP). The aims of this study are to describe (a) the perceptions of nurses regarding their communication with patients with LEP, (b) how call lights affect their communication with patients with LEP, and (c) the perceptions of nurses on the impact of advancement in call light technology on patients with LEP. Using focus groups, nurses were asked about their interactions with patients with LEP. The following themes emerged: barriers to communication, formal tools for communication, gestures and charades, reliance on family, creating a better call light system, and acceptability of Eloquence™. This results show that call lights affect the interaction of nurses with patients with LEP and complex issues arise in the subsequent communication that is initiated by the call light.
The Economic Theory of Alliances A Survey

This article surveys the development of the economic theory of alliances over the last quarter of a century since the 1966 article by Olson and Zeckhauser. The pure public good model and the joint product model are presented and then brought up to date. Alternative demand functions for military expenditures are indicated. Issues that concern alliance size, burden sharing, and suboptimality are addressed for the alternative paradigms. Theoretical extensions are reviewed and have involved the technology of public supply, the security function, alternative cost structures, group allocation processes, and institutional arrangements. Finally, theoretical developments are briefly related to the large empirical literature.
New Experimental Data and Analysis for Two-Phase Flow-Induced Vibration of Tube Bundles: Preliminary Results

In the past, fluid-elastic instability in two-phase flow has been largely investigated with air-water flow. In this work, new experiments are conducted in air-water cross-flow with a fully flexible 5 × 3 normal square array having pitch-to-diameter ratio of 1.4. The tubes have a diameter of 0.016 m and a length of 0.21 m. The vibrations are measured using strain gages installed on piano wires used to suspend the tubes. Experiments are carried out for void fractions from 0%–30%. A comparison of the results of the current tests with previous experiments conducted in air-water cross-flow shows that instability occurs earlier in a fully flexible array as compared to a flexible tube surrounded by rigid tubes in an array. An attempt is made to separate out the effects of structural parameters of three different experimental datasets by replotting the instability criterion by incorporating the instability constant K, in the reduced velocity parameter.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
The smart grid─ the best of all scheme to solve the bottleneck problems of wind power and photoelectric power generation connected with power network on a large scale

Aiming at the problems of the security and stability of power network caused by load undulation or power quality not good when wind power and photoelectric power generation connected with power network on a large scale.Through analyzing and comparing to find out: the smart grid with powerful capacity,facility and compatibility,con fit multiform power supply to connect with and contain it.The result of research shows that developing the smart grid maybe is the best of all scheme to solve the bottleneck problems of wind power and photoelectric power generation connected with power network on a large scale.
An Exploration of Indigenization of Foreign Teaching Systems

The paper,based on years of practical experience and research on indigenization of foreign teaching systems,attempts to explore its implications,distinctive features,and key links to be staged in its execution.The author holds that indigenization of foreign teaching systems does meet the need of cultivating innovative international professionals in higher education.
Quality Control Significance of Special Media for Enumeration of Microbial Groups in Cottage-type Cheese

Cottage-type cheese samples were examined using specialized media. Nine media were used to provide 21 different types of information and to enumerate bacteria able to excrete lipases, proteases, phosphatases, and acids. Further, these media allow subdivision of the bacteria with specific enzymic attributes into gram negative and positive categories and pseudomonads. A yeast and mold count and a test of those able to grow on violet red bile agar also were made. Tests most useful as predictors of keeping quality were primarily those able to differentiate proteolytic and lipolytic gram negative bacteria and pseudomonads, Microbial tests were also correlated with organoleptic analysis. Manufacturers' code dates (last day of sale) overestimated shelf life about 33% of the time.
Perioperative Considerations for Surgical Emergencies

Emergent perioperative care is strikingly different from all other surgical environments. This period requires coordination of care from the unpredictable pre-hospital environment to the sterile conditions of the operating room (OR). In this fluid environment, the acute care surgeon must effectively risk-stratify a potential operative candidate. The following chapter will discuss the appropriate perioperative management of the emergent general surgery patient, from co-morbidity management to the multidisciplinary approach to the post-operative period, including goals of care discussions and palliative care consultation.
Road to Legal Writing Paved with Attention to Reader

Writers need to write for their reader, not themselves. Writers should think of their reader when drafting any document. Writers should be kind to their readers by being clear, concise, thorough and precise. This Article discusses ways writers can guide their reader throughout a document and make their points explicit and obvious.
History of autoimmunity to predict clinical response to DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTI) in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and MDS-derived acute myeloid leukemias (AML).

6629 Background: MDS is comprised of a heterogeneous group of clonal myeloid disorders. Chronic immune stimulation has been reported as a trigger for the development of a subset of MDS, with increa...
An Optimization Model for Operating Room Scheduling to Reduce Blocking Across the Perioperative Process

Abstract Operating room (OR) scheduling is important. Because of increasing demand for surgical services, hospitals must provide high quality care more efficiently with limited resources. When constructing the OR schedule, it is necessary to consider the availability of downstream resources, such as intensive care unit (ICU) and post anaesthesia care unit (PACU). The unavailability of downstream resources causes blockings between every two consecutive stages. In this paper we address the master surgical schedule (MSS) problem in order to minimize blockings between two consecutive stages. First, we present a blocking minimization (BM) model for the MSS by using integer programming, based on deterministic data. The BM model determines the OR block schedule for the next day by considering the current stage occupancy (number of patients) in order to minimize the number of blockings between intraop and postop stages. Second, we test the effectiveness of our model under variations in case times and patient arrivals, by using simulation. The simulation results show that our BM model can significantly reduce the number of blockings by 94% improvement over the base model. Scheduling patient flow across the 3-stage periop process can be applied to work flow scheduling for the s-stage flow shop shop production in manufacutirng, and also Smoothing patient flow in periop process can be applied to no-wait flow shop production.
Safety and Efficacy of Blinatumomab in Combination With a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Relapsed Philadelphia Chromosome-positive Leukemia

Abstract Objective The treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia has been revolutionized with the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and the combination of these agents with chemotherapy. Blinatumomab is a bispecific anti-CD3/CD19 monoclonal antibody with clinical activity as single-agent in the relapsed setting and independent of BCR-ABL1 mutational status, including T315I. The combination of blinatumomab with a TKI may further improve outcomes for this high-risk population, including higher eradication of minimal residual disease and minimize the use of chemotherapy. Patients and Methods We retrospectively studied 12 adults with relapsed/refractory Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 9) and chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis (n = 3), treated with the combination blinatumomab and a TKI (ponatinib, n = 8; dasatinib, n = 3; bosutinib, n = 1). All patients have previously failed at least 1 line of chemotherapy, including allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and 1 class of TKIs. Patients were treated for either overt hematologic relapse (n = 6) or persistent minimal residual disease following other regimens (n = 6). Results The complete hematologic, cytogenetic, and molecular response rates were 50% (3/6), 71% (5/7), and 75% (9/12), respectively. Two cases of grade 2 cytokine release syndrome were observed, all of which resolved with steroids and tocilizumab. No cardiovascular adverse events were encountered. With a median follow-up of 8 months, the median survival was not reached; the 6-month and 1-year overall survival rates were 73%. Conclusions The combination of blinatumomab with TKI is safe and effective in patients with relapsed/refractory Ph+ disease. Prospective studies are warranted.
Heat- and Gas-Induced Transformation in CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskites and Its Effect on the Efficiency of Solar Cells

Following the remarkable success of the application of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites in photovoltaics, a great focus has been placed on their stability to improve their optoelectronic properties and seek commercial production. To gain a better understanding of their thermal stability, we investigated the chemical, morphological, and photovoltaic transformations of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites under elevated temperatures and various controlled atmospheric conditions (vacuum, 1 mbar O2, and 1 mbar H2O). A temperature-dependent study showed that CH3NH3PbI3 decomposed to PbI2 with the release of CH3NH2 and HI under low-temperature annealing (25–150 °C). Further annealing resulted in the formation of metallic lead (Pb0) under vacuum and Pb oxides and hydroxides under an O2 or H2O pressure. Moreover, the sublimation of Pb-based compounds occurred at temperatures above 150 °C, causing structural changes, which resulted in a decrease in the power conversion efficiency of the solar cell. A time-dependent study showed that, com...
Degree-aware Hybrid Graph Traversal on FPGA-HMC Platform

Graph traversal is a core primitive for graph analytics and a basis for many higher-level graph analysis methods. However, irregularities in the structure of scale-free graphs (e.g., social network) limit our ability to analyze these important and growing datasets. A key challenge is the redundant graph computations caused by the presence of high-degree vertices which not only increase the total amount of computations but also incur unnecessary random data access. In this paper, we present a graph processing system on an FPGA-HMC platform, based on software/hardware co-design and co- optimization. For the first time, we leverage the inherent graph property i.e. vertex degree to co-optimize algorithm and hardware architecture. In particular, we first develop two algorithm optimization techniques:degree-aware adjacency list reordering anddegree-aware vertex index sorting. The former can reduce the number of redundant graph computations, while the latter can create a strong correlation between vertex index and data access frequency, which can be effectively applied to guide the hardware design. We further implement the optimized hybrid graph traversal algorithm on an FPGA-HMC platform. By leveraging the strong correlation between vertex index and data access frequency made by degree-aware vertex index sorting, we develop two platform-dependent hardware optimization techniques, namely degree-aware data placement and degree-aware adjacency list compression. These two techniques together substantially reduce the amount of access to external memory. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on an FPGA-HMC platform to verify the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. To the best of our knowledge, our implementation achieves the highest performance (45.8 billion traversed edges per second) among existing FPGA-based graph processing systems.
Preparation bootcamp for pharmacy residency application and interviews

Description: A six-hour Residency Bootcamp, offered to interested students, provided review and individualised feedback on student Curriculum Vitae, letters of intent, topic presentations, case-based critical thinking skills, and interview skills. Questionnaire data were used to evaluate student perceptions. School-reported match results were used to determine the residency match rates of participants of the Bootcamp. Evaluation: A total of 24 students participated in the Bootcamp. When asked how valuable the Residency Bootcamp was for residency preparation on a scale of 1-10 (1 = not valuable and 10 = extremely valuable), students reported an average of 9.28 for the Bootcamp. A total of 23 students participated in the match and 21 students secured match for residency (91.3%). Conclusion: A six-hour Residency Bootcamp was perceived as valuable to students in preparing for residency applications and training. Participants in the Bootcamp had a high match rate.
Service Learning in a Basic Writing Class: A Best Case Scenario.

This article explores the particular challenges and possibilities of service learning pedagogy for basic writers. Because a number of scholars of service learning and basic writing (Adler-Kassner, Arca, and Kraemer) are concerned primarily with developing underprepared students' academic literacies, I investigated how the students in a service learning basic writing class situated their service experience—represented that "text" rhe- torically—in their major academic research essay for the course. The article draws on one student's experience of making connections among the "rich mix" of course texts, including personal experience, as a best case. From this example, I argue for strategies of service learn- ing pedagogy that could better help basic writers achieve their goals for academic writing.
Assessing the Quality of Living Environments

Traditional theories of autism treat behavior disorders and delayed development as symptoms of internal deficits. These deficits have been expressed in terms of physiological factors (e.g., brain pathology) or hypothetical concepts of information processing (e.g., sensory overload). Most theories further stipulate, however, that the correlation between symptoms and internal deficits is not perfect because of the mediating role of the environment. Environmental factors must be acknowledged to account for the fact that an individual with a mild deficiency, reared in a depriving environment, might show severe developmental delay (Bijou & Dunitz-Johnson, 1981).
Synaptic Capture and Tagging

The requirement for transcription during long-lasting forms of learning-related synaptic plasticity raises the question of how the products of gene expression can be targeted to alter synaptic strength at some but not all synapses made by a neuron. The synaptic tagging hypothesis proposes that the products of gene expression are delivered throughout the cell, but they only function to increase synaptic strength when they are ‘captured’ at specific synapses that have been ‘tagged’ by previous synaptic activity. Studies in a variety of systems have confirmed the existence of synaptic tagging and capture, and current research is aimed at identifying the molecular nature of the tag.
What Are the Beliefs and Misconceptions about Climate Change of Students Pursuing Careers in Civil and Construction Engineering

The overwhelming consensus in the scientific community is that anthropogenic climate change will irreversibly affect future generations. Engineering professionals who design and construct our built environment can protect society against the effects of global warming through implementation of building strategies that reduce climate changing emissions. There is little research to assess if students who intend to pursue careers in the design and construction of our built environment hope to address such important environmental and societal challenges. To advance understanding, a survey instrument was developed and validated to measure undergraduate engineering students’ climate change literacy, career motivations, and agency to address climate change in their career. Preliminary results compare responses of engineering students intending to pursue a career in civil and construction industries to those of engineering students intending to pursue other engineering careers. The results indicate that civil and construction engineering students are more likely to take sustainability courses and learn about climate change in the classroom, but they do not excel above other engineers in their knowledge of climate science. The educational gap in engineering sustainability courses must be closed to ensure those who will design and construct our built environment are properly equipped to succeed in the sustainability-related careers they desire.
Race, Class and Child Maltreatment*

Data from the National Study of the Incidence and Severity of Child Abuse and Neglect are used to examine ethnic differences within a population of substantiated cases of child maltreatment. The re...
A Pokémon-sized window into the human brain.

Every person develops brain regions to recognize people, places and things; these regions end up in similar locations across brains. However, people who played Pokemon extensively as children also have a region that responds more to Pokemon than anything else, and its location is likely determined by the size of the Pokemon on the video game player’s screen.
‘Not Enough’: Killing Time in London’s Itchy Park

This article investigates the ways in which psychoactive substances, boredom, temporality, and biopolitical forces intersect to constitute the situation of homeless addiction in inner-city London. ...
Book Review: Review Essay: Beneath the Opulent Surface: Adorno and Popular Music Reconsidered

Mark Abel. Groove: An Aesthetic of Measured Time . Leiden: Brill, 2014. Fumi Okiji. Jazz as Critique: Adorno and Black Expression Revisited . Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2018. Richard Middleton’s assessment of Theodor Adorno is rather typical of the latter’s reception in the study
The direct segment of the arcuate fasciculus is predictive of longitudinal reading change

Structural coherence across the arcuate fasciculus has previously been related to reading skill, but the arcuate may be divisible into distinct subtracts which support different functions. Here, we examine longitudinal data from 30 children between the ages of 8 and 14 to determine whether initial coherence in any of the arcuate's subsections is predictive of changes in reading across a longitudinal interval of approximately three years. The arcuate was divided using probabilistic tractography; mean fractional anisotropy across each subtract was extracted for each participant. Time 1 to Time 2 change in reading skill (identification, fluency score average) was significantly and uniquely predicted by only direct fronto-temporal arcuate segment coherence. Participants with lower direct segment FA demonstrated decreases in reading scores, potentially reflecting lessened improvements due to continued inefficient processing. These results were consistent in the older and younger halves of the sample. As such, we demonstrate that it is specifically the direct segment of the arcuate that may support and be predictive of reading skill both initially and longitudinally across development.
Negative resistance devices

Two-terminal devices which exhibit a type-S (current-controlled) or type-N (voltage-controlled) negative differential resistance can be built using only two bipolar transistors and linear positive resistors without any internal biasing power supply. Two general algorithms are presented in this paper for systematically generating all such devices. Hundreds of negative resistance devices have been derived to date using these algorithms and a selection of these circuits is presented in this paper along with their computer-simulated v-i curves. Laboratory measurements of a few sample circuits agree remarkably well with the computer-simulated results.
Transforming social work’s potential in the field: a radical framework

If social work’s ethical commitment to social justice activism unearths and eradicates the root causes of inequity, then radical practice should describe the field of social work. Stemming from thi...
Deep Learning-Based End-to-End Wireless Communication Systems With Conditional GANs as Unknown Channels

In this article, we develop an end-to-end wireless communication system using deep neural networks (DNNs), where DNNs are employed to perform several key functions, including encoding, decoding, modulation, and demodulation. However, an accurate estimation of instantaneous channel transfer function, i.e. , channel state information (CSI), is needed in order for the transmitter DNN to learn to optimize the receiver gain in decoding. This is very much a challenge since CSI varies with time and location in wireless communications and is hard to obtain when designing transceivers. We propose to use a conditional generative adversarial net (GAN) to represent channel effects and to bridge the transmitter DNN and the receiver DNN so that the gradient of the transmitter DNN can be back-propagated from the receiver DNN. In particular, a conditional GAN is employed to model the channel effects in a data-driven way, where the received signal corresponding to the pilot symbols is added as a part of the conditioning information of the GAN. To address the curse of dimensionality when the transmit symbol sequence is long, convolutional layers are utilized. From the simulation results, the proposed method is effective on additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels, Rayleigh fading channels, and frequency-selective channels, which opens a new door for building data-driven DNNs for end-to-end communication systems.
A review of the food security, diet and health outcomes of food pantry clients and the potential for their improvement through food pantry interventions in the United States

Food pantries are community-based organizations that provide food to prevalently low and very low food secure households, presenting an opportune point of contact and potential site for interventions. This review evaluates the food security, dietary quality, dietary intake and health outcomes of U.S. adults served by food pantries and the potential for interventions based in food pantries to improve these outcomes. Results from the 15 included studies showed the prevalence of food insecurity and very low food security among food pantry clients was higher than national estimates at up to 89% and 52%, respectively; dietary quality was up to 20 points lower on the Healthy Eating Index compared with U.S. adults; intake for 16 nutrients did not meet the Estimated Average Requirement or exceed the Average Intake for 30% to 100% of clients; and a strikingly high prevalence of obesity, diabetes, heart disease and related conditions, and depressive symptoms were present among U.S. food pantry users. Interventions in food pantries have been successful in improving food security, weight and diabetic control but not dietary quality or intake. However, these few interventions hold promise and present a need for further research investment to address food security, dietary intake and health outcomes among food pantry clients.
Composite bond quality nondestructive evaluation with noncontact Lamb wave system

Adhesively bonded composites have been widely used in aerospace engineering, renewable energies, and automotive industries. However, the potential weak bonding of the composite structures, which exhibits a low cohesion interface between the adhesive and the composite substrate, greatly threatens the reliability of these structures. The occurrence of weak bonding has yet to be well understood and has posed new challenges for the evaluation of weak bonding in composite structures. Ultrasonic Lamb waves have been shown useful for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) due to their ability to propagate a long distance with less energy loss and their sensitivity to small defects. Among various ultrasonic transducers, air-coupled transducers (ACT) eliminate the need for couplant/adhesive and provide a noncontact actuation method. In this study, a hybrid noncontact system was constructed using an ACT for actuation and a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV) for sensing. The ACT provided a narrowband wave actuation, while SLDV provided high-quality wavefield signals for damage detection and evaluation. An adhesively bonded composite structure containing good and weak bond quality areas was manufactured using simulated contamination. Then the composite bond quality inspection was conducted using the ACT-SLDV system. To validate the ACT Lamb wave inspection, a second noncontact inspection by a pulsed laser-SLDV method was carried out.
Ethical and Legal Considerations in STI Treatment for Adolescents

State and federal laws govern the treatment of adolescents. In all 50 states and the District of Columbia, minors can consent to the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections without supervision of a parent or guardian. The majority of states also permit adolescents to consent to STI treatment. However, a minor’s ability to consent to medical care does not necessarily create confidentiality protections for the care received. Most states leave the decision of parental disclosure and/or notification to the physician. Physicians should use well-established ethical and public health principles and professional consensus statements to guide their decision-making around parental disclosure.
The human brain's intrinsic network architecture is organized to represent diverse cognitive task information

Abstract A set of distributed cognitive control networks are known to contribute to diverse cognitive demands, yet it is unclear how these networks gain this domain-general capacity. We hypothesized that this capacity is largely due to the particular organization of the human brain’s intrinsic network architecture. Specifically, we tested the possibility that each brain region’s domain generality is reflected in its level of global (hub-like) intrinsic connectivity, as well as its particular global connectivity topography. Consistent with prior work, we found that cognitive control networks exhibited domain generality, as they represented diverse task context information covering sensory, motor response, and logic rule domains. Supporting our hypothesis, we found that the level of global intrinsic connectivity (as estimated with task-free fMRI) was correlated with domain generality during tasks. Further, using a novel information fingerprint mapping approach, we found that each brain region’s unique cognitive rule response profile could be predicted based on its unique intrinsic connectivity pattern. Together these results suggest that the human brain’s intrinsic network architecture supports its ability to represent diverse cognitive task information, largely via the placement of cognitive control networks within the brain’s global network organization.
A grounded theory of creating space for open safety communication between hospitalized patients and nurses

Abstract Background There is evidence that fear of negative nurse response may prevent hospitalized patients from sharing safety concerns, adversely affecting patient safety. Purpose The purpose of the present study was to describe the process by which bedside nurses recognize and respond to safety concerns expressed by patients or their families. Methods Twenty-five bedside nurses from 30 maternal-child, intensive, medical-surgical, and psychiatric inpatient units within an academic medical center participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using grounded theory. Findings Nurses reported creating space for open safety communication to foster trust and maintain patient safety and sense of security. Nurses anticipated safety concerns, invited safety discussion, were accessible, recognized insecurity, reacted in a trustworthy way, shared a plan, and followed up with patient and family. Discussion This process involves multiple interacting components, yet was remarkably consistent across acute care settings, despite differences in nurses, patient populations, and unit cultures.
TOKCS: Tool for Organizing Key Characteristics of VAM-HRI Systems

Frameworks have begun to emerge to categorize Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality (VAM) technologies that provide immersive, intuitive interfaces to facilitate Human-Robot Interaction. These frameworks, however, fail to capture key characteristics of the growing subfield of VAM-HRI and can be difficult to consistently apply. This work builds upon these prior frameworks through the creation of a Tool for Organizing Key Characteristics of VAM-HRI Systems (TOKCS). TOKCS discretizes the continuous scales used within prior works for more consistent classification and adds additional characteristics related to a robot's internal model, anchor locations, manipulability, and the system's software and hardware. To showcase the tool's capability, TOKCS is applied to find trends and takeaways from the fourth VAM-HRI workshop. These trends highlight the expressive capability of TOKCS while also helping frame newer trends and future work recommendations for VAM-HRI research.