cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What's Foucault Got to Do with It? History, Theory, and Becoming Subjected.

The three essays before us constitute an indictment of the field of the history of education for its neglect of theory. Read linearly, from the Introduction through Coloma, the indictment becomes increasingly strident, moving from a gentle call for greater consideration of the potential contributions of theory for historical writing to a condemnation of the field for its parochial “indifference, imperviousness, and perhaps even resistance” to theory. As one practitioner within the field who shares with these authors a keen relish for theory and philosophy of history, I regret that the challenge to the field to attend more carefully to the possibilities of theory has been presented in exactly this form. My regret flows from the indictment's incoherent form, from its misleading evidentiary base, from its curious move from a broad embrace of multiple theoretical stances to a narrow, crabbed insistence on only one deeply problematic theory as acceptable evidence of the field's theoretical sophistication, and from the stunning effort in the last essay to appropriate and deploy language as power in order to marginalize and exclude from historical inquiry all but the narrowest range of discourse traditions. I will take up each of those issues in turn.
Dynamic equilibration of airway smooth muscle contraction during physiological loading.

Airway smooth muscle contraction is the central event in acute airway narrowing in asthma. Most studies of isolated muscle have focused on statically equilibrated contractile states that arise from...
Bit-level packet-switching all-optical multihop shuffle networks with deflection routing

We propose an all-optical packet-switching scheme in multihop shuffle networks in which deflection routing is used as its contention-resolution principle. In our scheme only partial address information in the packet header is read before a routing decision is made. Because the new scheme does not involve a time-consuming look-up table, extremely low latency operation is possible at each node. Moreover, because the number of demultiplexers at each node can be kept constant even though the network size changes, cost-effective design of a node is possible.
Sylvaticin: a new cytotoxic and insecticidal acetogenin from Rollinia sylvatica (Annonaceae).

Sylvaticin (I), a new tetrahydroxy annonaceous acetogenin with nonadjacent tetrahydrofuran rings, has been isolated from the dried fruits ofRollinia sylvatica St. Hil. (Annonaceae). This compound is extremely cytotoxic to human tumor cells and shows promising insect control properties.
Experimental Model of Congenital Adrenal Cortical Hyperplasia Produced in Utero with an Inhibitor of 11β-Steroid Hydroxylase

ABSTRACT Congenital adrenal cortical hyperplasia has been produced in the offspring of pregnant rats treated with metyrapone, an inhibitor of 11β-steroid hydroxylase. Female offspring also have clitoral hypertrophy, and activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is increased in maternal and fetal adrenal glands by this agent. These effects are reduced by corticosterone. Basal corticosterone production and the increased corticosterone production due to the addition of substrates of 11β-steroid hydroxylase in quartered adrenal glands are markedly reduced in mature females treated with metyrapone. These experiments have shown that an inhibitor of 11β-steroid hydroxylase produces the same type of congenital adrenal cortical hyperplasia and clitoral hypertrophy which occur spontaneously in the hypertensive form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to a genetic deficiency of this enzyme.
Effect of Thickness and Annealing on Stress in Tantalum and Tantalum Nitride Thin Film Hard Coatings

An understanding of the relationship between stress and the other properties of thin films is extremely useful in the design of hard coatings for long term performance. In our earlier study, sputtered Ta and Ta(N) films were found to exhibit promising hard coating properties. For example, nano hardness as high as 30 GPa was observed in the nitride (pN2 = 0.100 mTorr) films. In this work, we study the variation in the stress in these films with respect to film thickness and annealing. Films in six different thicknesses (50, 250, 350, 500, 750, and 1000 nm) were deposited on oxide coated Si (111) wafers. Stresses in the films in the as-deposited state and as a function of temperature (300°C) were determined using a thin film stress measuring unit.
Terahertz reflection spectroscopy for the detection of explosives

Terahertz (THz) technology has been demonstrated as a promising tool for detection of explosives and is being developed for aviation screening and sensing of improvised explosive devices. THz radiation is attractive for many applications due to its ability to penetrate through a wide range of dielectric materials including clothing, paper, cardboard, plastics, and wood. Of course, metals block THz waves as is the case for microwave, IR, and visible light. Our work has involved investigating the reflection spectroscopy of a variety of materials including explosives such as RDX and PETN, plastic explosive taggants such as DMDNB, and other organic materials. We have also investigated the changes of the reflection spectra in varying grades of sucrose. Spectral differences are observed between three grades of crystalline sugar in the region from 0.1 to 1 THz. By exploiting the unique spectral features, the discrimination capabilities of THz reflection spectroscopy points to the broad applicability of identifying a wide variety of materials.
Biological fate of a single administration of 191Pt in rats following different routes of exposure.

Abstract The retention, tissue distribution, and excretion of 191 Pt in adult rats was determined following oral, intravenous (IV), and intratracheal administration. The highest retention was obtained following IV dosing, and lowest retention (less than 0.5%) occurred after oral dosing. Tissues containing the highest concentrations of 191 Pt following IV administration were the kidney, adrenal, spleen, and liver. Following a single oral dose, almost all of the 191 Pt was excreted in the feces due to nonabsorption, whereas after IV dosing, similar quantities were excreted in both the urine and feces. Following IV dosing of pregnant rats, 191 Pt was found in all the fetuses; however, the amount was small.
Independent Ethanol‐ and Sucrose‐Maintained Responding on a Multiple Schedule of Reinforcement

Assessment of drug effects on two different reinforcers at the same time requires that each reinforcer be sampled at approximately the same time. One procedure that effectively produces this result is the use of a multiple schedule of reinforcement in which two different reinforcers are presented in alternating 2-min components. In our study, sucrose and ethanol solutions were made available after appropriate lever-press responding. Subjects were trained to self-administer 10% ethanol using a sucrose-substitution procedure and to discriminate light cues associated with the different reinforcers until stable reinforcer-directed responding was achieved on both the ethanol- and the sucrose-associated lever during the changing 2-min components of the schedule. Subsequently, the reinforcer solution presented on one lever was held constant while the concentration of the alternate reinforcer was manipulated, i.e., ethanol concentrations of 0 to 15% and sucrose concentrations of 0 to 10% were assessed. This multiple schedule procedure resulted in sustained and independent ethanol- and sucrose-reinforced behavior. Manipulation of the characteristics of one reinforcer had no effect on behavior maintained by the alternate reinforcer. Increases in sucrose concentration resulted in increases in sucrose-directed responding with no change in ethanol responding, and increases in ethanol concentration resulted in increases in ethanol intake with no change in sucrose responding. Our methods can be used to examine differential drug effects on ethanol- and sucrose-reinforced behavior in the same animal over a single time course without the confounds or interference from the concurrently available reinforcer.
The characteristics of lymphocyte tritiated thymidine incorporation in response to mumps virus.

Abstract The parameters of immune lymphocyte responsiveness to mumps virus were studied by evaluation of tritiated thymidine incorporation. Inactivated virus was found to be a potent stimulus and response was found to be dependent on antigen concentration, and a radioresistant, adherent cell population. Measurable lymphocyte transformation after primary exposure to this Measurement lymphocyte transformation after primary exposure to this virus was found to persist for up to 40 years, and to correlate well with delayed skin sensitivity. The results demonstrate that lymphocyte transformation is a sensitive in vitro assay of cellular reactivity to this virus if used in an inactivated form. It is suggested that it may be a useful method to study the course of cellular reactivity after viral exposure as well as a means to detect previous exposure to other viruses.
Semi-classical spectrum of the continuous Heisenberg spin chain

We develop a path integral formalism that allows for semi-classical quantization of systems with spin degrees of freedom. We apply it to study the continuous Heisenberg spin chain, which has been known to possess interesting classical solutions. The calculated semi-classical spectrum turns out to be essentially exact. We also construct a new infinite series of conservation laws that are nonlocal generalizations of the spin.
Compression For Picture Archiving And Communication In Radiology

Compression of digitized radiology images in a Picture Archive and Communication System (PACS) environment can reduce archival storage requirements as well as transmission rate constraints. Often data compression systems are designed for a communication system environment where the encoder must operate in real-time and have a limited complexity while the decoder may be more complex and operate off-line. A PACS network typically has different requirements. We present an overview of the current image compression literature relevant to a PACS environment. We consider both noiseless source-coding which requires perfect reproduction of the image, and source-coding subject to a fidelity criterion which allows some distortion in the reconstructed image. The importance of time-complexity versus compression tradeoffs is discussed.
Oryzalin, a dinitroaniline herbicide, binds to plant tubulin and inhibits microtubule polymerization in vitro

The effects of oryzalin, a dinitroaniline herbicide, on chromosome behavior and on cellular microtubules (MTs) were examined by light microscopy and immunogold staining, respectively, in endosperm cells from Haemanthus katherinae Bak. Brief treatments with 1.0·10-8 M oryzalin reduced markedly the migration rate of anaphase chromosomes and 1.0·10-7 M oryzalin stopped migration abruptly. Oryzalin (1.0·10-7 M) depolymerized MTs and prevented the polymerization of new MTs at all stages of the mitotic cycle. The chromosome condensation cycle was unaffected by oryzalin. Endothelial cells from the heart of Xenopus leavis showed no chromosomal or microtubular rearrangements after oryzalin treatment. The inhibition by oryzalin of the polymerization of tubulin isolated from cultured cells of Rosa sp. cv. Paul's scarlet was examined in vitro by turbidimetry, electron microscopy and polymer sedimentation analysis. Oryzalin inhibited the rapid phase of taxol-induced polymerization of rose MTs at 24°C with an apparent inhibition constant (K i ) of 2.59·106 M. Shorter and fewer MTs were formed with increasing oryzalin concentrations, and maximum inhibition of taxol-induced polymerization occurred at approx. 1:1 molar ratios of oryzalin and tubulin. Oryzalin partially depolymerized taxol-stabilized rose MTs. Ligand-binding experiments with [14C]oryzalin demonstrated the formation of a tubulin-oryzalin complex that was time- and pH-dependent. The tubulin-oryzalin interaction (24°C, pH 7.1) had an apparent affinity constant (K app) of 1.19·105 M-1. Oryzalin did not inhibit taxol-induced polymerization of bovinebrain MTs and no appreciable binding of oryzalin to brain tubulin or other proteins was detected. The results demonstrate pharmacological differences between plant and animal tubulins and indicate that the most sensitive mode of action of the dinitroaniline herbicides is the direct poisoning of MT dynamics in cells of higher plants.
Genetic and immunologic studies of patients on procainamide.

Abstract Forty (40) patients with cardiac arrhythmias receiving procainamide (PA) therapy and 24 patients who were receiving other drugs for their cardiac disorders were investigated for class II HLA phenotypes and their DRB1∗04 and DQB1∗03 subtypes. Other genetic marker evaluations in the PA patients included: 1) class III MHC C4A and C4B null alleles of complement; and, 2) acetylation phenotype. Twenty (20) of the PA patients were also tested for the ability of their stimulated cells to secrete Interleukin-1 (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα). We also examined the spontaneous production of these cytokines by peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from patients who were receiving chronic PA treatment. The results revealed no association of acetylation phenotypes with the class II HLA phenotypes nor class III MHC C4 allotypes in these patients. The results did show a significant increase in class III C4 complement allotypes in the PA patients when compared to the controls. The results also showed a significant increase in autoantibodies and DQw3 phenotypes in the PA patient group when compared to control populations. Results of spontaneous IL-1 and TNF production suggested there may be an association of select class II HLA phenotypes in some patients and this may be relevant to host responsiveness to PA treatment.
Disparity in prenatal care among women of colour in the USA

Summary Objective to describe the disparity in prenatal care among women of colour in timing of initiation of prenatal care and total number of prenatal visits. Design a retrospective, descriptive design. Setting a large, urban university midwifery faculty practice. Participants 439 healthy women at term (37–42 weeks gestation) with a vertex singleton pregnancy, and an essentially uncomplicated prenatal course. One clinic, the university facility, provided full-scope services. The other four community clinics, all outside the university in the larger metropolitan area, were designed to provide care to low-, under-, and uninsured pregnant women. Measurements timing of initiation of prenatal care and total number of prenatal visits were examined in relation to demographic variables, including race, education, age, marital status, method of payment and clinic sites. Findings significant differences in initiation of prenatal care and total number of prenatal visits were documented. The non-Hispanic white women at the university hospital clinic, with high school or college degrees and insurance or Medicaid, were more likely to visit prenatal clinics. Examination of association between timing of initiation of prenatal care and demographic variables showed significant differences in race and education. Key conclusions this study reflects the difficulty in access to care faced by women of colour. When comparing 1997 national survey findings with those of a 2001 study, about 40% of the 50 States and the District of Columbia showed an increase in the frequency of women receiving late care or no care; additionally, a disparity in access to prenatal care between non-Hispanic white and non-white women was noted in most of these areas. Implications for practice the number of births to women of colour delivered by midwives has rapidly increased in recent years. Also, the numbers of babies born to women of colour is anticipated to surpass 50% in the next few decades. Considering the increased proportion of births to women of colour, special attention to promote early prenatal care for these populations is needed. Recruitment and retention efforts for non-white midwives, regular education for cultural competence of midwives, and provision of culturally and linguistically appropriate care for women of colour should be considered.
Water‐Thawing of Fish Using Low Frequency Acoustics

Blocks of Pacific cod (plate frozen; 91-mm thickness and 12.7 kg) were thawed in an 18°C circulated water bath and simultaneously exposed to 1500 Hz acoustic energy not exceeding 60 watts. A ceramic transducer was positioned for light contact with a frozen block. A motorized belt moved the block in order to distribute the 239 cm2 transducer over the 1500 cm2 block surface. At 60 watts continuous input to the transducer, the block thawed in 71% less time than water-only controls. Quality analyses indicated that the flesh was not adversely affected by the acoustic waves.
Geotechnical Mitigation Strategies for Earthquake Surface Fault Rupture

AbstractSurface fault rupture can be damaging to structures built on or near active faults if the hazard is not addressed properly. Fault-induced angular distortion and lateral ground strain can cause beams to yield and eventually lead to structural collapse. When avoidance is not possible, geotechnical mitigation strategies can be used. These strategies include spreading fault displacement over a large area, causing the structure to respond with rigid-body movement, and diverting the fault rupture around the structure. The effectiveness of these strategies can vary from protecting life safety to preventing significant damage and can be effective for a range of dip-slip fault displacements. Earth fills should be sufficiently thick and ductile to prevent the underlying fault dislocation from developing at the ground surface. Thick RC mat foundations proved to be especially effective in shielding the superstructure from the damaging effects of the underlying ground movements. Although more challenging to im...
Warfarin dosing in patients with impaired kidney function.

Background In patients with kidney impairment, warfarin, a drug metabolized primarily by the cytochrome P-450 system, is initiated at similar doses and managed similarly as in the general medical population. Unfortunately, few data exist to guide dose adjustment in patients with decreased kidney function. Here, we determine the degree of warfarin dose reduction associated with kidney impairment and make recommendations for warfarin dosing. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis. Setting & Participants Long-term warfarin users followed up at anticoagulation clinics (n = 980); 708 participants from the University of Alabama (UAB) and 272 participants from the University of Chicago (UIC). Predictor No/mild (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2), moderate (eGFR, 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m2), and severe (eGFR Outcome & Measurement Warfarin dose (milligrams per day) was evaluated using linear regression after adjustment for clinical, demographic, and genetic factors. Results Prevalences of moderate (31.8% and 27.6%) and severe kidney impairment (8.9% and 6.6%) were similar in the UAB and UIC cohorts. Warfarin dose requirements were significantly lower in patients with moderate and severe kidney impairment compared with those with no/mild kidney impairment in the UAB (P Limitations No measurement of warfarin, serum albumin, vitamin K, and coagulation factors; no evaluation of other markers (eg, cystatin). Conclusion Moderate and severe kidney impairment were associated with a reduction in warfarin dose requirements.
Cellular immunity and IgE levels in asthmatic children

Several reports have suggested that asthmatic children may be particularly vulnerable to viral respiratory infections, in addition to this, abnormal cellular regulation has been suggested as an explanation for the increased IgE levels in atopy. Despite such evidence there have been few studies evaluating cellular immune function in asthmatic children. This study has examined in vivo and in vitro aspects of cellular immune function in twenty-six atopic asthmatic children and compared them with nineteen age-matched non-atopic control subjects. In vivo cellular immunity was assessed by quantitating the cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity (CDH) response to four ubiquitous antigens. Lymphocyte responsiveness to three polyclonal mitogens was measured in vitro. The serum IgE level was determined in all study subjects. The results indicate that CDH to Candida antigen is significantly diminished among the asthmatic subjects and lessened to streptokinase/streptodornase. Lymphocyte mitogen response did not differ significantly between the study groups. No correlation could be shown between in vitro lymphocyte responsiveness and IgE level. These studies suggest that a subtle cellular immune defect may exist in asthmatic children and support the need for further studies of this question.
Effects of knowledge types on choice quality and perceptions of choice performance

Two types of knowledge used in making choices are examined: knowledge of product-specific information and knowledge of a choice strategy. Product-specific information comprises information about available alternatives, including features and their importance. Strategy information includes knowing an appropriate strategy for integrating and evaluating information about alternatives, as well as knowing how to implement the strategy. The effects of these knowledge types, both singly and jointly, upon choice quality and perceptions of choice quality are examined in two studies. The results of the first study indicate that the knowledge types are differentially beneficial, and that subjects tend to be more overconfident about the perceived quality of their choices when they have product-specific information than when they have choice strategy information. The hypothesis that this difference is due to subjects' greater awareness of produce-specific information, rather than strategy information, is examined and supported in the second study. Implications for marketing and public policy are discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ADAPTIVE SYNCHRONIZATION OF CHUA'S OSCILLATORS

In this letter, we study the use of adaptive controllers to maintain the synchronization of two Chua's oscillators when the channel and circuit parameters are time-varying. We present both computer simulation results and physical experimental results to verify the operation of the designs.
Analysis and quantitation of splicing variants of the TPA-inducible PGHS-1 mRNA in rat tracheal epithelial cells.

Abstract Previously we reported that 12-myristate 13-acetate diester (TPA) and dexamethasone regulate the expression of a putative prostaglandin G/H synthase-1 (PGHS-1) gene in a transformed, immortalized rat tracheal epithelial cell line (EGV-6). Here we report the cloning and sequencing of the cDNA for this gene, Two transcripts of similar size but differing in their 5′ ends were detected. One transcript contains the complete 5′ coding and noncoding regions, while the other form has an apparently intronic sequence in place of these regions. This aberrantly spliced form lacks codons 1-36, Northern analysis and quantitative PCR indicated that more than 90% of the PGHS-1 mRNA in EGV-6 cells has the aberrantly spliced 5′ end. TPA treatment increases the expression of only the complete PGHS-1 mRNA, elevating it to 50% of the total PGHS-1 transcript pool. Levels of the aberrant mRNA are not affected by TPA treatment. A comparison among EGV-6 cells, primary rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cultures, and rat fibroblasts showed that all three cell lines have similar levels of the aberrantly spliced PGHS-1 mRNA. RTE cells and fibroblasts, unlike EGV-6 cells, also contain properly spliced PGHS-1 mRNA, at levels 100-fold higher than the level of aberrant PGHS-1 mRNA, TPA does not regulate either of the PGHS-1 transcripts in RTE or rat fibroblast cells. These results confirm the induction of functional PGHS-1 mRNA by TPA only in EGV-6 cells.
Multivitamin and mineral supplement did not alter the antioxidant capacity in plasma of healthy young men and women

Abstract Diets high in fruit and vegetable have been associated with a reduced risk of several cancers and cardiovascular disease. Antioxidant vitamins have been suggested to be responsible. The objective of the study was to determine whether there is an association between plasma antioxidant capacity and plasma antioxidant concentrations and whether a 3 week vitamin/ mineral supplement will enhance the plasma antioxidant capacity in 57 healthy UCLA medical students. The plasma antioxidant capacity was determined before and after 3 weeks of a daily vitamin/ mineral supplement which provided 440 IU of α-tocopherol (α-T), 22,500 IU of β-carotene (β-C) and 620 mg of ascorbic acid. The anti-oxidant capacity was determined by HPLC measurement of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) after exposing the plasma to oxidative stress generated by 2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH) for 4 hours at 37°C. Plasma α-T and β-C were measured by HPLC. There was no association between plasma antioxidant capacity before supplementation and plasma α-T or β-C concentrations. Multivitamin/ multimineral supplementation did not enhance the antioxidant capacity. More specific markers of oxidative stress may be needed and future studies with longer supplementation periods are warranted.
Brain uptake of thiamine-coated nanoparticles

Recently, a novel nanoparticle (NP) comprised of emulsifying wax and Brij 78 was shown to have significant brain uptake using the in-situ rat brain perfusion technique. To further these studies and to specifically target brain, we have incorporated thiamine as a surface ligand on the nanoparticles. Solid nanoparticles were prepared from oil-in-water microemulsion precursors. Nanoparticles were radiolabeled and a thiamine ligand (thiamine linked to distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine via a polyethylene glycol spacer) was coated on the surface of the nanoparticles. Initial experiments focused on assessing uptake of [3H]nanoparticles with and without thiamine surface ligands. Biodistribution nanoparticle studies were also carried out in BALB/c mice. The results showed: (1) the effectiveness of using microemulsions as precursors to engineer nanoparticles, (2) kinetic modeling for brain uptake of nanoparticles with and without the thiamine surface ligands, and (3) initial data suggesting mechanisms for nanoparticle brain entry. Comparison of NP brain uptake demonstrated that the thiamine-coated nanoparticle associated with the blood-brain barrier (BBB) thiamine transporter and had an increased K(in) between 45 and 120 s (thiamine coated NP 9.8 +/- 1.1 x 10(-3) ml/s/g versus uncoated NPs; 7.0 +/- 0.3 x 10(-3) ml/s/g). It was concluded that the thiamine ligand facilitated binding and/or association with blood-brain barrier thiamine transporters, which may be a viable mechanism for nanoparticle mediated brain drug delivery.
Waking the Deadwood of history: Listening, language, and the ‘aural visceral’

The role of sound in filmic and televisual historical representations has been underexamined, yet sound can function in powerful ways to produce specific forms of knowledge about the past. In particular, a film or show can use dialogue and other human sounds to move viewers between spectatorial identification and alienation. In other words, sound can be deployed to maintain a sense of distance and difference as a structuring principle even as viewers are invited to have an investment in the past. Viewers can come to feel connected to the past without losing a sense of their inevitably fixed position in the present. This essay examines the case of the HBO dramatic series Deadwood to illustrate the particular ways in which sound and dialogue structure the conditions of audience engagement and thereby make possible the acquisition of particular kinds of knowledge about the past.
Hysterectomy for the massive leiomyomatous uterus.

Abstract Objective To determine if the complication rate of abdominal hysterectomy is increased in women with greatly enlarged myomatous uteri. Methods Three groups of women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy were analyzed according to uterine size: group 1, 208 women with uteri less than 500 g; group 2, 63 women with uterine weights of 500–999 g; and group 3, 47 women with leiomyomata whose uteri weighed at least 1000 g. Logistic regression was used to compare the groups on the risks of having at least one major complication. Adjusted comparisons on other surgical outcomes were performed using a logistic model (for qualitative variables) or a general linear model (for quantitative variables). Results The risk of experiencing at least one perioperative complication, including blood loss over 500 mL, perioperative blood transfusion, major organ injury, therapeutic antibiotic use, and hospital readmission, increased significantly with uterine weight (P = .006). Group 3 women were at greater risk of having at least one of these complications than either group 1 or group 2 women, with adjusted odds ratios of 3.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62, 7.25) and 2.64 (95% CI 1.14, 6.13), respectively. Estimated blood loss with surgery also increased with increasing uterine weight (P Conclusion The complication rate from hysterectomy increases with increasing uterine weight, due mainly to an increased blood loss associated with surgery for larger uteri.
Diverse Supernatural Portfolios: Certitude, Exclusivity, and the Curvilinear Relationship Between Religiosity and Paranormal Beliefs

Studies have attempted to understand the association between more conventional supernatural (religious) beliefs and practices and less conventional "paranormal" supernatural beliefs. Some have posited that the two comprise incompatible cultural spheres and belief systems, while others have argued that supernatural religious beliefs are "small steps" toward less conventional paranormal views (such as belief in astrology and telekinesis). We build upon recent scholarship outlining a more nuanced, nonlinear relationship between religiosity and paranormal beliefs by identifying a specific niche of believers who are particularly likely to dabble in unconventional supernatural beliefs. Strong believers in the paranormal tend to be characterized by a nonexclusive spiritualist worldview, as opposed to materialist or exclusive religious outlooks. Paranormal believers tend to be characterized by moderate levels of religious belief and practice, and low levels of ideological exclusivity. In general, the relationship between more conventional religiosity and paranormal beliefs is best conceptualized as curvilinear.
The effect of ethylene and benzene addition on the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and soot in a jet-stirred/plug-flow combustor

We present experimental results obtained in a Jet-Stirred/Plug-Flow Reactor (JSR/PFR) for light hydrocarbons (1–6 carbon atoms), PAH (1–5 aromatic rings), tar (CH 2 Cl 2 soluble material) and soot (CH 2 Cl 2 insoluble material). The fuel was C 2 H 4 at a fuel equivalence ratio of 2.18 (C/O=0.73), corresponding to a non-sooting condition in the JSR, but sooting by the end of the PFR. Additional C 2 H 4 and C 6 H 6 were injected into the PFR in amounts corresponding to 8.8 and 1.7 mol% of the fuel ethylene, respectively. Injection of C 2 H 4 into the PFR results in 97% conversion of the injected C 2 H 4 to other species, predominantly C 2 H 2 (69%), including some benzene and PAH. Soot formation is not increased by C 2 H 4 injection. Injection of C 6 H 6 results in 82% conversion of the additional C 6 H 6 to other species, mainly tar (16%) and soot (11%), corresponding to a 10-fold increase in tar and soot concentrations. Assuming this increase in tar and soot comes from the additional benzene, then these data also indicate that a significant fraction (55%) of the injected C 6 H 6 decomposes to CO and C 2 H 2 , probably through oxidation by OH. Detailed PAH characterization revealed that species which contain 5-membered ring structures account for more than half of the total PAH inventory from indene (C 9 H 8 ) to benzo(ghi)perylene (C 22 H 12 ). These PAH species with 5-membered ring structures consist of 2 types: 1) 5-membered rings containing a methylene group, which may be oxidation products analogous to cyclopentadiene (C 5 H 6 ) known to be formed along with CO in phenol pyrolysis, and 2) “acenaphthylene bridge” structures, which may be growth products of C 2 H 2 addition reactions. The role of C 2 H 2 may be to add mass to the tar inventory, which then may add to the soot inventory. Mechanisms for PAH formation should include both acetylene addition reactions and oxidation reactions.
Administrative considerations when implementing ACS/APDS Skills Curriculum.

Background With time and cost constraints, implementing an effective, yet efficient, skills curriculum poses significant challenges. Our purpose is to describe a successful curriculum administrative structure that promoted faculty buy-in and accountability, learner responsibility, and acceptable resource usage. Methods A total of 14 American College of Surgery (ACS) modules were included in the postgraduate year 1 curriculum. Before arrival, 2 modules were sent to newly matched residents. Remaining modules were administered over a 4-month period, with integrated, independent practice opportunities, as well as 4 mentored and 1 peer practice sessions. A total of 2 verifications of proficiency (VOP) progress exams and 1 final comprehensive VOP were administered. To promote faculty ownership, 1 faculty member was asked to lead each module. Module leaders attended an orientation and development session, and created an instructional management plan. Each module was taught by the leader and 2 additional faculty coinstructors, and evaluated by residents. Equipment, resource costs, and man-hours were tracked. Results Faculty buy-in was demonstrated by enthusiastic participation, with only 2 absences. Residents gave high ratings to all the modules (range, 4.22–4.89/5). Curriculum costs were approximately $21,500, reduced from potential costs of $187,000 if all simulators would have been purchased new. The estimated budget for year 2 is $17,000. Conclusion It is critical for new curricula to have resident and faculty buy-in, accountability for quality teaching and learning, and reasonable resource use. We provide suggestions for structuring a curriculum to ensure accomplishment of these important drivers.
Morphology, crystallography and mechanism of sympathetic nucleation of proeutectoid cementite plates

Etude par microscopie electronique en transmission de la germination de la cementite precipitee aux joints d'interphase dans deux aciers a haute teneur en manganese. Determination des relations d'orientation de la phase cementite
Non-leading contributions to the asymptotic behavior of the quark form factor

Abstract We have explicitly calculated, to fourth-order in perturbation theory, the first non-leading contributions to the quark (p, m)-quark (p, m)-color-singlet current (q = p′ − p) form factor in the region −q2 ⪢ p2 ≈ p′2 ⪢ m2. These contributions, together with the leading ones, combine into the simple form F1 = exp{B1 [p; p′; g(k2/M2; gM)]} where B1 [p; p′; g(k2/M2; gM)] is the lowest-order contribution calculated replacing the renormalized coupling gM by the invariant running charge g(k2/M2; gM) = gM + β0gM3 log k2/M2 + O(gM5), β0 being the one-loop β-function coefficient and k the internal gluon momentum. This result, if true to all order and for all non-leading terms, implies that the asymptotic behavior of the form factor cannot be determined unless both the short-distance and long-distance behavior of g(k2) are known.
Jetting of dilute polymer solutions

Light emitting devices containing conjugated polymers are conveniently fabricated using ink-jet printing. A common problem in the processing of these materials is that the Newtonian viscosity of the polymer solution is not sufficient to describe the jetting performance because the molecular weights and concentrations employed are such that the resulting solutions are elastic. These differences in fluid elasticity levels cannot be measured using traditional techniques like dynamic mechanical experiments or the first normal stress difference in shear, but strongly impact the jetting behavior of the liquid. In this study, a variety of polystyrene solutions in DECALIN having a shear viscosity of ~5 mPa s but different elasticity levels were examined for their jetting behavior. The jetting behavior of these solutions was studied visually using drop-on-demand jetting equipment and their rheology was characterized using a custom extensional rheometer designed for measuring the elasticity of such low viscosity liquids. If elasticity effects are absent as in Newtonian liquids (corresponding to a Trouton ratio of 3) satellite drops are formed resulting in loss of liquid and poor positioning. On the other hand, if elasticity effects are very large (Trouton ratios ≫4) separation problems occur at the nozzle with undesirable “tailing.” The optimum range for stable, efficient jetting occurs at Trouton ratios in a narrow band between 3 and ~5. A very slight degree of elasticity corresponding to a Trouton Ratio around four thus seems to be optimum for the jetting process. This appears to be the first time that such a design criterion has been outlined for this process. Such an approach complements thermal techniques for elucidating the role of molecular and flow properties on the processing behavior of polymeric systems.
A method for evaluating radiation-induced grain boundary segregation using ion-irradiated microcrystalline stainless alloys

Abstract A new method to evaluate radiation-induced segregation (RIS) at internal interfaces is described. In this method bulk damage is produced in microcrystalline stainless alloys by ion irradiation, and grain boundary composition changes are measured using analytical electron microscopy. Material composition is controlled and modified by high-rate sputter-deposition synthesis of stainless alloys from composite targets. Nickel-rich 304 and 316 stainless steels doped with phosphorus and silicon were deposited and a microcrystalline grain size established by subsequent heat treatment. Irradiation damage was produced, and irradiation parameters varied, using nickel-ion bombardment from a tandem accelerator. Microstructural and microchemical changes during irradiation were documented by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination of near surface regions and by high-resolution composition measurements across grain boundary regions with a scanning TEM. The combination of high-rate sputtering to deposit microcrystalline alloys of controlled composition and heavy-ion irradiation enabled parametric studies of RIS to be performed in a timely and inexpensive manner.
Inscribed Landscapes: Travel Writing from Imperial China

Alongside the scores of travel books about China written by foreign visitors, Chinese travelers' impressions of their own country rarely appear in translation. This anthology is the only comprehensive collection in English of Chinese travel writing from the first century A.D. through the nineteenth. Early examples of the genre describe sites important for their geography, history, and role in cultural mythology, but by the T'ang dynasty in the mid-eighth century certain historiographical and poetic discourses converged to form the 'travel account' (yu-chi) and later the 'travel diary' (jih-chi) as vehicles of personal expression and autobiography. These first-person narratives provide rich material for understanding the attitudes of Chinese literati toward place, nature, politics, and the self. The anthology is abundantly illustrated with paintings, portraits, maps, and drawings. Each selection is meticulously translated, carefully annotated, and prefaced by a brief description of the writer's life and work. The entire collection is introduced by an in-depth survey of the rise of Chinese travel writing as a cultural phenomenon. "Inscribed Landscapes" provides a unique resource for travelers as well as for scholars of Chinese literature, art, and history.
A Method for Evaluating Health Care Providers' Decision Making The Provider Decision Process Assessment Instrument

Valid and reliable assessment of the clinical decision-making process is essential for the evaluation of decision aiding methods and effective quality assurance programs. The Provider Decision Process Assessment Instrument is a 12-item questionnaire that measures a health care provider's degree of comfort with a medical decision. Its measurement properties were studied in two general internal medicine practices. Reliability, measured using Cronbach's alpha, was 0.90 (95% Cl = 0.87 to 0.92). Construct validity was also high, with expected negative correlations ranging from -0.53 to -0.67. The instrument also satisfied standard criteria for item homogeneity and was readily completed by clinicians. These results suggest that the Provider Decision Process Assessment Instrument will prove to be a valuable tool for assessing medical decision making in busy clinical settings.
Compensation Electronics For Staring Focal Plane Arrays

A system which provides complete offset and gain correction to the output of a hybrid (HCT/CCD) staring focal plane has been developed. This system provides high speed, real time compensation using custom processing electronics at the CCD output. A microprocessor controls the operation of the electronics and allows the user to implement any of several operating modes. The compensated output can be displayed on a high speed CRT or on a standard black & white TV monitor to enhance visual resolution. The compensation electronics described here is correcting a 64 x 64 array at pixel rates to 5 MHz. The system can be configured to operate on array sizes up to 256 x 256 at frequencies to 10 MHz as larger arrays and faster analog to digital converters become available.
Comparative Prognostic Significance of Simultaneous Versus Independent Resolution of ST Segment Depression Relative to ST Segment Elevation During Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract Objectives. We sought to determine the prognostic significance of simultaneous versus independent resolution of ST segment depression that occurs concomitant with ST segment elevation during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Background. ST segment depression in leads other than those showing ST segment elevation during AMI is a common phenomenon. Whether this indicates adverse outcomes remains controversial. We hypothesized that the timing of ST segment depression resolution relative to ST segment elevation resolution might differentiate between a high risk group and a low risk group of patients. Methods. Continuous 12-lead ST segment monitoring was performed after thrombolytic therapy for AMI in 413 patients, 261 of whom met technical criteria for analysis. Blinded analysis of ST segment depression resolution patterns was used to group patients as follows: 1) no ST segment depression at any time (control group); 2) ST segment depression resolving simultaneously with ST segment elevation (simultaneous group); and 3) ST segment depression persisting after ST segment elevation resolution (independent group). These patterns were correlated with the outcomes—recurrent angina, reinfarction, heart failure and death—using chi-square analysis and the Fisher exact test for categoric variables and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables. Results. The incidence of recurrent angina, reinfarction and heart failure was similar among the three groups. In-hospital mortality, however, was significantly higher in the independent group (13%) than either the simultaneous group (1%, p Conclusions. Continuous analysis of ST segment resolution identifies, among patients with AMI with concomitantly occurring ST segment elevation and depression, a subgroup with increased in-hospital mortality. The pathogenic mechanism of increased mortality is not currently known.
Hydrophobic interactions of some alcohols with acyl trypsins.

Abstract The variation of the apparent reactivity of added nucleophiles competing with water in the deacylation of some acyltrypsins has been studied with different ester substrates: Lysine ethyl and methyl ester, arginine methyl ester and α-N- carbobenzoxy- l -lysine p- nitrophenyl ester. The efficacy of the primary aliphatic alcohols increases with the length of the apolar chain. For instance, the reactivity of heptanol toward lysyl trypsin is about 45 times greater than that of ethanol. These data cannot be explained merely in terms of the chemical reactivity of the alcohols. It is necessary to assume that water as well as the aliphatic primary alcohols used as nucleophiles interact with a corresponding site of the enzyme. The apparent reactivity of nucleophilic compounds is interpreted in terms of hydrophobic interactions between an apolar site of the acyl enzyme and the hydrocarbon chain of the alcohols. Results obtained with organic solvents such as dimethyl-formamide and isopropanol, an unreactive alcohol, are in good agreement with such an interpretation.
What barriers to physical activity do individuals with a recent brain injury face

Abstract Background and Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health issue that challenges professionals to develop effective health promotion strategies to meet individual’s diverse and unique needs. One effective health promotion strategy is physical activity (PA), although barriers to activity frequently prevent participation. Thus, there is a need to identify the barriers to participation, amount of weekly PA completed, and readiness to be active if effective health promotion programs are to be implemented. Methods A convenience sample of 28 outpatients with a TBI completed a questionnaire before discharge from a comprehensive outpatient program and descriptive statistics were reported. In addition independent t tests and effect sizes were calculated between amount of PA and stage of change. Results Our results indicated that participants only faced an average of 2.25 barriers (range 0-9), completed a mean of 46 minutes of PA each week, and reported being in the “action” stage of PA participation. Individuals in the action and maintenance stage completed significantly more PA (21.67; t [25] = −15.43; p D effect size = 4.39) than precontemplators or contemplators. Conclusions Individuals with a TBI face many different barriers that prevent them from being active, placing them at further risk of experiencing secondary and chronic conditions. Practitioners should acknowledge that each individual faces a unique set of barriers emphasizing the importance of individualized health promotion programs.
PIC numerical scheme for a two-dimensional Eulerian code

The present work uses the PIC method with operator splitting to hydroelastoplastic multimaterial flow problems in 2D Eulerian coordinates. The operator splitting procedures are carried out in both Lagrangian and remap phases with alternating direction for each time advancement to maintain the accuracy of one-dimensional scheme. A detail description of the numerical approximations is given with a sample calculation of a tungsten rod penetrating an aluminum target.
Intermarriage of Asian Americans in the New York City Region: Contemporary Patterns and Future Prospects

Using data from the 1990 U.S. Census, as well as in-depth interviews, this article examines the intermarriage patterns of five Asian-American groups in the New York City region: Chinese, Koreans, I...
The relation of severe malnutrition in infancy to the intelligence of school children with differing life histories.

The Relation of Severe Malnutrition in Infancy to the Intelligence of School Children with Differing Life Histories