cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analysis of formin localization in Xenopus epithelial cells

Of the 15 vertebrate formins, Dia1, Dia2, Fhod1, and Fhod3 localize to cell–cell junctions in epithelial cells. Only Dia3 strongly localizes at the cytokinetic contractile ring. Mislocalization of ...
A Complicated Case of Serratia marcescens Infective Endocarditis in the Era of the Current Opioid Epidemic

While bacteremia due to Serratia marcescens is not uncommon, it rarely causes infective endocarditis. We report an isolated case of a 53-year-old male with history of intravenous drug abuse who presented with multiple acute pain symptoms and was found to have S. marcescens bacteremia with septic emboli in his spleen, brain, and testes, secondary to a large aortic vegetation, as well as aortic infective endocarditis with severe aortic regurgitation requiring aortic valve replacement. His course of disease was further complicated by epidural and psoas abscesses and a necrotic testicle requiring orchiectomy due to his ongoing intravenous drug abuse. This case is an atypical presentation of S. marcescens infection, as he had no overt signs of infection such as fever or significant leukocytosis that are typical of bacteremia, and it also highlights the severity and complicated nature of S. marcescens-infective endocarditis.
Further Defining the Human Virome using NGS: Identification of Redondoviridae.

In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Abbas et al. (2019) uncover a previously undefined family of single-stranded DNA viruses, Redondoviridae, in human ororespiratory sites. The presence of Redondoviridae associates with critical illness such as respiratory failure and periodontitis, illustrating the power of metagenomics to define the human virome.
Suboptimal UVA attenuation by broad spectrum sunscreens under outdoor solar conditions contributes to lifetime UVA burden

Background Broad spectrum sunscreens with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or greater are indicated to decrease the risk of skin cancer and early skin aging caused by the sun if used as directed with other sun protection measures. To determine whether sunscreen product performance is compromised under solar exposure and to test spectral uniformity of protection across the UVA spectrum, we tested broad spectrum sunscreens with a variety of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and in a variety of dosage forms. Methods A cross-sectional market survey of 32 sunscreen drug products containing either organic or inorganic APIs with SPFs of 15, 30, 50, and 70 was tested. UV doses were delivered via natural sun in Silver Spring, Maryland between June and September of 2017. Results Of the 32 sunscreen drug products, 6 products failed to meet their broad spectrum claim under solar exposure. Using FDA's new proposal to strengthen sunscreen broad spectrum requirements, spectral uniformity based on the mean sunscreen absorbance of UVA1(340-400 nm)/UV (290-400 nm) indicated that ~40% of sunscreen drug products tested had suboptimal UVA protection. Conclusion US consumers may unknowingly be receiving up to 36% more transmitted UVA when selecting between similarly labeled broad spectrum sunscreen drug products with equivalent SPF values. FDA's new proposal may help decrease consumers' overall lifetime UVA burden. Spectral absorbance data on sunscreen performance can be used to further improve the coupling of broad spectrum protection to a product's SPF value so that consumers have improved proportional increases in UV protection.
Graph Theory for Systems Biology: Interval Graphs, Motifs, and Pattern Recognition

A basic assumption of systems biology is that the fundamental processes that occur inside of a cell can best be understood by characterizing the component materials and processes as networks with interconnections. Graph theory is a natural fit for biological investigations of the relationships, patterns, and complexity of such networks. Using custom computer software packages that we have developed—javaBenzer, a Java application, and BioGrapher, an Excel front-end application for graphical visualization—we illustrate graph-theoretic properties of biological networks using real-world data from the literature. Interval graphs and associated properties of adjacency matrices are emphasized. Our illustrative exercises help students recognize which graph-theoretic tools are appropriate for different kinds of biological questions, make quantitative analyses of interactions, mine large data sets, visualize complex relationships, model the results of perturbation of networks, and test hypotheses.
9 – Inferences about the Mean of a Single Population

Publisher Summary This chapter presents inferences about the mean of a single population. The null hypothesis, denoted by the symbol H0, and the alternative hypothesis, denoted by H1. It is important to understand that one cannot prove whether H0 or H1 is true because one cannot measure the entire population. Begin with the assumption that H0 is true. Then obtain the data and test out this assumption. If this assumption is unlikely to be true, abandon it and “switch bets” to H1 otherwise, retain it. Before collecting any data, however, it is necessary to define in numerical terms what is meant by “unlikely to be true.” In statistical terminology, this is called selecting a criterion of significance, represented by the symbol α. Having selected a criterion of significance, obtain the data and compute the appropriate statistical test. If the test shows that H0 is unlikely to be true, reject H0 in favor of H1. Otherwise, retain H0.
A comparison of postoperative respiratory complications associated with the use of desflurane and sevoflurane: a single-centre cohort study

Sevoflurane and desflurane are the most commonly used volatile anaesthetics for maintenance of anaesthesia. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between choice of volatile anaesthetic and early postoperative respiratory complications, and to address a critical knowledge gap in safety outcomes between these two commonly used agents. We performed a retrospective analysis of adult (non-cardiac surgery) patients who received sevoflurane or desflurane for the maintenance of general anaesthesia at our institution between 2005 and 2018. We evaluated the association between desflurane exposure (when compared with sevoflurane) and the primary outcome of postoperative respiratory complications, defined by early post-extubation desaturation (Sp O2 35 kg.m-2 ); elderly (age > 65 years); and high risk of respiratory complications as well as the primary outcome at 24 h. Desflurane was used for 23,830 patients and sevoflurane for 84,608 patients. Patients exposed to desflurane did not demonstrate a reduced risk of postoperative respiratory complications when compared with sevoflurane (adjusted odds ratio 0.99, 95%CI 0.94-1.04, p = 0.598). These findings were consistent across all sub-groups of high-risk patients and in the propensity score matched cohort. In summary, desflurane use was not associated with reduced postoperative respiratory complications when compared with sevoflurane. In the context of environmental and cost concerns with volatile anaesthetic agents, our study provides important data to support organisational decisions regarding the use of desflurane.
Missed Prevention Opportunities: Why Young, Black MSM with Recent HIV Diagnosis did not Access HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Services.

In the United States, HIV infection rate inequities persist, with new infections highest among young, Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) in the South. We conducted 23 in-depth interviews with YBMSM newly diagnosed with HIV to explore awareness of and barriers to uptake of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Participants were recruited from two university-based HIV Clinics in Alabama and were: (1) 16–29 years of age, (2) diagnosed with HIV within the prior 365 days, (3) Black race, (4) self-identified as a cis-gender male reporting sex with men AND (5) did not report prior PrEP use. Interview guides were grounded in Anderson’s Behavioral Healthcare Utilization Model (ABM), with embedded constructs from the situated Information, Motivation and Behavioral Skills theoretical framework. Coding was conducted by three independent coders using thematic analysis methods. Participants (N = 23) median age was 24, more than two-thirds reported annual incomes less than $15,000 and the majority (84%) identified as gay. Major themes that emerged as barriers to accessing PrEP included low prioritization and interests in using PrEP; low perceived HIV risk due to feelings of invincibility and trust in sex partners; lack of information about accessing PrEP; negative beliefs around PrEP; and the suggestion to change PrEP messaging from only targeting YBMSM. These findings indicate that there are important missed opportunities for HIV prevention with PrEP among YBMSM in the South. In these high-risk young men, tailored interventions are needed to better inform and frame perceptions around risk, knowledge, access and prioritization of PrEP.
Disciplining Skepticism through Kant’s Critique, Fichte’s Idealism, and Hegel’s Negations

This chapter considers the encounter of skepticism with the Kantian and post-Kantian philosophical enterprise and focuses on the intriguing feature whereby it is assimilated into this enterprise. In this period, skepticism becomes interchangeable with its other, which helps understand the proliferation of many kinds of views under its name and which forms the background for transforming skepticism into an anonymous, routine practice of raising objections and counter-objections to one’s own view. German philosophers of this era counterpose skepticism to dogmatism and criticism, ancient to modern skepticism, and, importantly, conceptualize the transitions from one form to another, which forms the conceptual matrix in which new disciplinary forms, such as psychology, anthropology, and historicism contend for cultural-intellectual standing beside philosophy. I present this assimilationist trajectory by reviewing three well-known moments of this encounter of skepticism and idealism: (1) Kant’s idealization of skepticism as a floating position amidst various philosophical positions through the dialectic, polemics, systematics, and history of pure reason; (2) Fichte’s schematic conception of skepticism as a dispute of systems in the early Wissenschaftslehre following his review of the skeptic G. E. Schulze’s attacks on Critical philosophy; (3) Hegel’s historicizing conception of skepticism in the context of differences between subjective idealism and speculative thought and his early Jena review of another work by the same skeptic Schulze.
The Cambridge companion to the Scottish enlightenment, 2nd ed.: edited by Alexander Broadie and Craig Smith, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2019, pp. xvi + 375, £18.00 (pb), ISBN: 9781108430784

The second edition of The Cambridge Companion to the Scottish Enlightenment has the same goal as the first edition (published in 2003): to describe “the historical circumstances”, the “leading idea...
Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Impact on Quality of Life 1-6 Months After Illness and Association With Initial Symptom Severity

Background Individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have persistent symptoms following their acute illness. The prevalence and predictors of these symptoms, termed postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; PASC), have not been fully described. Methods Participants discharged from an outpatient telemedicine program for COVID-19 were emailed a survey (1-6 months after discharge) about ongoing symptoms, acute illness severity, and quality of life. Standardized telemedicine notes from acute illness were used for covariates (comorbidities and provider-assessed symptom severity). Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed to assess predictors of persistent symptoms. Results Two hundred ninety patients completed the survey, of whom 115 (39.7%) reported persistent symptoms including fatigue (n = 59, 20.3%), dyspnea on exertion (n = 41, 14.1%), and mental fog (n = 39, 13.5%), among others. The proportion of persistent symptoms did not differ based on duration since illness ( 90 days: n = 80, 40.4%; P = .61). Predictors of persistent symptoms included provider-assessed moderate-severe illness (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.24; 95% CI, 1.75-6.02), female sex (aOR, 1.99; 95% CI, 0.98-4.04; >90 days out: aOR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.01-4.95), and middle age (aOR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.07-4.03). Common symptoms associated with reports of worse physical health included weakness, fatigue, myalgias, and mental fog. Conclusions Symptoms following acute COVID-19 are common and may be predicted by factors during the acute phase of illness. Fatigue and neuropsychiatric symptoms figured prominently. Select symptoms seem to be particularly associated with perceptions of physical health following COVID-19 and warrant specific attention on future studies of PASC.
Electrophysiological and Psychophysical Flicker Sensitivity in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension

Temporal sensitivity was assessed in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OUT). Three measures of flicker sensitivity were obtained: psychophysical modulation thresholds, visual-evoked potentials (VEPs), and focal electroretinograms (FEKGs). We found elevated psychophysical thresholds at higher temporal frequencies (30-50 Hz) in patients with POAG, relative to thresholds for age-matched controls. The OUT patients had elevated psychophysical thresholds only at 50 Hz. On the other hand, VEP amplitudes in POAG patients were reduced at all temporal frequencies, with the magnitude of the loss increasing with temporal frequency. The OHT patients, however, showed no reductions in VEP amplitude at any temporal frequency. Finally, POAG patients' FERG amplitudes were reduced at 30-50 Hz; whereas FERG amplitudes in the OHT patients were normal at all temporal frequencies. These results indicate that OHT patients can exhibit psychophysical threshold losses at high temporal frequencies which are not observed in the suprathreshold electrophysiological amplitude measures. On the other hand, patients with POAG show both psychophysical and VEP losses across a range of temporal frequencies. In addition, the decreases in FERG amplitudes in POAG patients suggest changes in the functioning of the outer retina in this disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 31:1863-1868, 1990 Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) have characteristic visual abnormalities. Along with elevated intraocular pressures. POAG is typically accompanied by optic disc cupping and visual field losses. These visual losses have been traditionally thought to be caused by damage to the optic nerve fibers from elevated intraocular pressure. However, these standard measures of visual loss in glaucoma may not be very sensitive; that is. by the time visual field and optic disc cupping are clinically detectable in a patient, a significant percentage of the optic nerve fibers may already be damaged. 1 As a result, researchers are searching for more sensitive measures of optic nerve damage in POAG and also for reliable predictors of progression in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) (patients with elevated intraocular pressures but no signs of glaucomatous damage). One sensitive measure to detect changes in both glaucoma and OHT patients is psychophysically determined pattern contrast sensitivity. 2 - 3 Contrast
Exploiting scale invariant dynamics for efficient information propagation in large teams

Large heterogeneous teams will often be in situations where sensor data that is uncertain and conflicting is shared across a peer-to-peer network. Not every team member will have direct access to sensors and team members will be influenced mostly by teammates with whom they communicate directly. In this paper, we investigate the dynamics and emergent behaviors of a large team sharing beliefs to reach conclusions about the world. We find empirically that the dynamics of information propagation in such belief sharing systems are characterized by information avalanches of belief changes caused by a single additional sensor reading. The distribution of the size of these avalanches dictates the speed and accuracy with which the team reaches conclusions. A key property of the system is that it exhibits qualitatively different dynamics and system performance over small changes in system parameter ranges. In one particular range, the system exhibits behavior known as scale-invariant dynamics which we empirically find to correspond to dramatically more accurate conclusions being reached by team members. Due to the fact that the ranges are very sensitive to configuration details, the parameter ranges over which specific system dynamics occur are extremely difficult to predict precisely. In this paper we (a) develop techniques to mathematically characterize the dynamics of the team belief propagation (b) obtain through simulations the relation between the dynamics and overall system performance, and (c) develop a novel distributed algorithms that the agents in the team use locally to steer the whole team to areas of optimized performance.
On-line Virtual Real-Time E-Collaboration: An Innovative Case Study on Engineering Research Teleconferencing Management

The Internet has greatly extended the boundaries of human interaction. Virtual on-line interactions and collaborations via the World Wide Web have become very common place in recent times. It was only a matter of time before these technologies were applied to knowledge sharing and management. In this paper we discuss the CISSE International Online E-Conference, the World’s first and only high caliber scientific conference to be completely conducted and managed online. CISSE is an innovative approach of conducting and managing an engineering research conference via the internet. CISSE provides a very convenient, time saving and user friendly platform for global scientific and research interactions.
3-D metallic photonic bandgap structures

Summary form only given. Most of the work on photonic bandgap materials to date has focused on dielectric structures because of their low loss at optical wavelengths. While metals are not suitable for use in this range, they find many applications at microwave frequencies. We believe we have constructed the first 3-D metallic photonic bandgap structure in a geometry resembling covalently bonded diamond.
Translating and Adapting Tests for Cross-Cultural Assessments

Introduction The number of educational and psychological measures being translated and adapted into multiple languages and cultures is very much on the increase. Cross-cultural research has become important in the fields of education and psychology, and articles addressing translation and adaptation over the past 30 years have increased by 350% (van de Vijver, 2009). Journals such as the European Journal of Psychological Assessment and the International Journal of Testing (see, e.g., the recent special issue on the topic of advances in test adaptation research, Gregoire & Hambleton, 2009) are full of articles either advancing the methodology for test translation and adaptation or describing initiatives to translate and adapt particular tests, especially popular intelligence, achievement, and personality tests. Interest among policy makers, educators, and the public in international comparative studies such as those sponsored by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (see the Programme for International Student Achievement and better known as PISA), and the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) (see Trends in International Mathematics and Science Studies and better known as TIMSS), is also considerable. Because of the policy implications of these large-scale international assessments, governments are willing to spend large sums of money to see that these studies are carried out correctly. This means that state-of-the-art methodology for test translation and adaption is expected to be used. The use of the International Test Commission (ITC) Guidelines for Test Adaptation (see, e.g., Hambleton, 2005; van de Vijver & Hambleton, 1996) has become important to guide as well as to evaluate current initiatives to carry out test translation and adaptation studies. The ITC Guidelines for Test Adaptation emphasize the importance of both judgmental reviews and the compilation of empirical evidence. For more on the types of empirical evidence, readers are referred to the edited book by Hambleton, Merenda, and Spielberger (2005), or they can read methodological articles such as the one prepared by van de Vijver and Tanzer (2004). Regarding judgmental reviews, what we have observed in practice is that those involved in the test translation and adaptation process are committed to conducting judgmental reviews, but a valid, empirically based judgmental review form to use is not often on hand to help guide this process. The ITC Guidelines highlight the importance of these judgmental reviews but provide only a few examples for how these judgmental reviews should be conducted across educational or psychological contexts. Sometimes review forms are developed in practice, though all too often they may be (a) incomplete (e.g., they may fail to address the issue of culture in producing a valid translation and adaptation of a test or fail to address many other important features), (b) unclear, or (c) inefficient because they include redundant questions or even irrelevant questions.
Generation search costs and Ramsey pricing in a partially deregulated electric utility industry

Abstract With deregulation of the generation sector of US electricity markets, many customers will unbundle from the incumbent utility and spend moneys searching for lower cost generation alternatives, while other customers will remain on bundled rates with that incumbent utility. Regulators will still need to charge both classes of customers for recovery of the costs of providing transmission and distribution (“T&D”) services. Because of the possibility of searching, unbundled customers have incrementally greater sensitivity to the T&D price than do bundled customers and should optimally be charged a lower Ramsey T&D rate than bundled customers.
A note on revenue sharing and the theory of public expenditures

Knut Wicksell and Eric Lindahl stand early in the line of those who have attempted to integrate the problems of determining public revenues and expenditures.1 Lindahl's analysis of the determination of optimal tax shares and the level of public expenditures for two parties illuminates some of the properties of an optimal solution. A modern extension of this type of approach to public expenditure theory is P. A. Samuelson's "The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure."
Neuropeptide Y release and contractile properties: differences between canine veins and arteries

During intense sympathetic activation, as occurs during hemorrhage, veins constrict to a greater degree than do arteries. This study determined if differences in the amounts or actions of the sympathetic cotransmitter neuropeptide Y released from perivascular nerves could contribute to these differences. Strips of canine mesenteric and popliteal arteries and of saphenous and portal veins were superfused, and the releases of noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y evoked by transmural stimulation were assessed. Both compounds were released in greater amounts in the veins than in the arteries. In other experiments rings of each vessel were mounted in organ chambers for isometric-tension recording. Neuropeptide Y (up to 10−4 M) did not contract any vessel; however, at 3 × 10−7 M it shifted the frequency-response and concentration-response curves to noradrenaline in the arteries only. In the veins neuropeptide Y had no postsynaptic effect on strong contractions. These results suggest that neuropeptide Y functions locally to affect vasoconstriction of the arteries studied, and may have a different role in the veins. Further, processes involving neuropeptide Y do not appear to account for the differences in responsiveness of these arteries as compared to the veins during intense sympathetic stimulation.
Lack of Alpha-Synuclein Modulates Microglial Phenotype In Vitro

Alpha (α)-synuclein neuronal effects are continually being defined although its role in regulating glial phenotypes remains unclear. An ability to regulate microglial activation was investigated using primary cultures from wild type and α-synuclein deficient mice (Snca-/-). Snca-/- microglia demonstrated increased secretion of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), impaired phagocytic ability, elevated prostaglandin levels, and increased protein levels of key enzymes in lipid-mediated signaling events, cytosolic phospholipase (cPLA(2)), cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and phospholipase D2 (PLD2) when compared to wild type cells. Increased cytokine secretion and cPLA(2) and Cox-2 levels in Snca-/- microglia were partially attenuated by inhibiting PLD-dependent signaling with n-butanol treatment.
Effects of temperature on six species of seed beetles (Coleoptera: Bruchidae); an ecological perspective.

The effects of temperature on respiration, fecundity, and developmental rates of six species of Bruchidae (Coleoptera) were examined. Species examined were Stator generalis Johnson and Kingsolver, S. limbatus (Horn), S. pruininus (Horn), S. sordidus (Horn), Mimosestes amicus (Horn), and Algarobius prosopis (LeConte). Adults and larvae both appeared to utilize two alternate, species-specific, evolutionary strategies to maximize fitness in a harsh environment and to minimize metabolic costs of survival and growth. Adult beetles may either maximize fecundity or minimize metabolic rates over all environmental temperatures. Larvae may either minimize metabolic rates over all environmental temperatures or minimize developmental time. Which strategy has been selected is correlated with the ecological feeding guild of which the species is a member. Members of the mature seed guild have higher fecundities and more rapid development, and they minimize the effects of temperature on their metabolic rates, whereas members of the scattered seed guild have lower fecundity and slower developmental rates, and their metabolic rates rise rapidly with environmental temperature. Ecological reasons for these differences are proposed and are based on competitive abilities of the adults and environmental stresses to which the larvae are subjected in the respective feeding guilds.
A Paradigmatic Shift in the Search for the Origin of Agriculture

Pryor's study of the origins of agriculture (AA 88:879-897, 1986) concludes by asking why some societies have not adopted agriculture and suggests if "the absence of agriculture can be explained, we deal with an issue that provides an extremely important key to understanding the transition to agriculture" (p. 891, emphasis in the original). The question of why all societies have not adopted agriculture is a puzzle for Pryor, since he assumes that over the past 10,000 years four conditions have prevailed in most societies: (1) "the requisite knowledge for practicing agriculture was at hand"; (2) "uncertainty in gathering and hunting was sufficiently great that many societies certainly experienced a desire to lower these risks by adopting a certain amount of agriculture"; (3) in many societies the cultural and natural conditions that preclude agriculture were not very important; and (4) "not only [have] weak diminishing returns [in food resources] occurred in most societies but also ... the population increase in the period after the ending of the last glacial age led to strong diminishing returns in many societies as well" (p. 891). We believe Pryor's analysis is flawed by his (1) inconsistent use of terms such as "origin" and "adoption," (2) view that agriculture is a single trait that is present or absent or can be accepted or rejected, (3) assumption that agriculture is a response to exogenous forces such as population pressure, (4) use of human intent and striving for adaptation as primary factors in the origins of agriculture, (5) view that agriculture is superior to other modes of plant use, and (6) suggestion that the question of why some societies have not adopted agriculture is separate from the question of why some societies have adopted agriculture. We address these issues by contrasting Pryor's economic approach with an evolutionary approach, especially the biologically based approach used by Rindos (1980, 1984), and illustrate the advantages of the latter approach by examining one of the nonagricultural societies that Pryor's economic theory cannot explain. Pryor's search for the origins of agriculture begins with an excursion into the ethnographic literature, using information from Murdock and White's (1969) standard crosscultural sample (SCCS) of 186 precapitalist societies. He develops a series of stages in which the temporal dimension is the dependent variable ordered by an independent variable, "the degree to which home-grown foodstuffs fulfill the nutritional needs of the soci-
Exact Nonequilibrium dc Shot Noise in Luttinger Liquids and Fractional Quantum Hall Devices

A point contact in a Luttinger liquid couples left- and right-moving channels, producing shot noise. We calculate exactly the dc shot noise at zero temperature in the out-of-equilibrium steady state where current is flowing. Integrability ensures the existence of a quasiparticle basis where scattering is ``one by one'' off the point contact, enabling us to generalize the Landauer approach to shot noise to this interacting model. Experiments in a fractional quantum Hall effect device should test our results, providing a clear signal of the fractional charge of the Laughlin quasiparticles.
A new approach to Emergency Department therapy of migraine headache with intravenous haloperidol: A case series

Six case reports are presented that describe the use of intravenous haloperidol for patients with migraine headache. Haloperidol was used in a dose of 5 mg following a 500- to 1000-cc bolus of normal saline. Headache was completely or substantially relieved in all six patients 25 to 65 min after administration of haloperidol; the median time until discharge was 51 min. Side effects were minimal or nonexistent. None of the patients returned to the Emergency Department (ED) for any reason over the next 48 h. It is concluded that haloperidol may play a role in treatment of migraine headache in the ED, and that further study is warranted.
Interdisciplinary collaboration in hospice team meetings

Hospice and palliative care teams provide interdisciplinary care to seriously-ill and terminally-ill patients and their families. Care teams are comprised of medical and non-medical disciplines and include volunteers and lay workers in healthcare. The authors explored the perception of collaboration among hospice team members and actual collaborative communication practices in team meetings. The data set consisted of videotaped team meetings, some of which included caregiver participation, and team member completion of a survey. Findings revealed that the team's reflection on process was most likely to occur in team meetings, however least likely to occur when caregivers were present. Although team members had a high perception of interdependence and flexibility of roles, this was less likely to be enacted in team meetings with and without the presence of caregivers. Caregiver participation in team meetings had a positive impact on collaborative communication and the potential benefit of caregiver inclusi...
A study of the probing response of Aedes aegypti. 1. Effect of nutrition on probing.

The probing response of females of the yellow-fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.), was studied with respect to the human forearm and an artificial target (moist surface at 34°C) using females in different nutritional states. A highly significant (P<.005) difference was found in attraction between the living and the artificial target, as well as in the response among mosquito groups in different nutlitional states. No significant difference was observed in the probing response of mosquitoes from hour to hour for 6 hr water-starved mosquitoes probed on the artificial target as avidly as they did on the human forearm but the mosquitoes which had sugar water available continuously probed avidly on the skin and poorly on the artificial target. It is recommended that mosquitoes constantly supplied with 5% sugar solution be used for critical experiments on biting or probing.
A Somatic Kinetid Study of the Pycnotrichid Ciliate Vestibulongum corlissi N. G., N. Sp. (Class: Litostomatea), Symbiont in the Intestines of the Surgeonfish, Acanthurus xanthopterus

ABSTRACT The ciliate Vestibulongum corlissi n. g., n. sp. was collected from the intestines of surgeonfish, Acanthurus xanthopterus, in the summer of 1986. In has been examined in the light microscope after protargol staining and by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Its form is distinct from that of other pycnotrichid ciliates at the generic level. Somatic kinetids were examined; these demonstrate that its cytostome is posterior and that the kinetid structures and the presence of a second transverse microtubular ribbon confirm its placement in the class Litostomatea.
A revision of the intensity of treatment rating scale: Classifying the intensity of pediatric cancer treatment

BACKGROUND We previously developed a reliable and valid method for classifying the intensity of pediatric cancer treatment. The Intensity of Treatment Rating Scale (ITR-2.0) [1] classifies treatments into four operationally defined levels of intensity and is completed by pediatric oncology specialists based on diagnosis, stage, and treatment data from the medical record. Experience with the ITR-2.0 and recent changes in treatment protocols indicated the need for a minor revision and revalidation.
Proteome-wide mapping of cholesterol-interacting proteins in mammalian cells

Cholesterol is an essential structural component of cellular membranes and serves as a precursor for several classes of signaling molecules. Cholesterol exerts its effects and is, itself, regulated in large part by engagement in specific interactions with proteins. The full complement of sterol-binding proteins that exist in mammalian cells, however, remains unknown. Here we describe a chemoproteomic strategy that uses clickable, photoreactive sterol probes in combination with quantitative mass spectrometry to globally map cholesterol-protein interactions directly in living cells. We identified over 250 cholesterol-binding proteins, including receptors, channels and enzymes involved in many established and previously unreported interactions. Prominent among the newly identified interacting proteins were enzymes that regulate sugars, glycerolipids and cholesterol itself as well as proteins involved in vesicular transport and protein glycosylation and degradation, pointing to key nodes in biochemical pathways that may couple sterol concentrations to the control of other metabolites and protein localization and modification.
The effect of genotype, age, sex, and caste on response thresholds to sucrose and foraging behavior of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)

Bees derived from artificially selected high- and low-pollen-hoarding strains were tested for their proboscis extension reflex response to water and varying sucrose concentrations. High-strain bees had a lower response threshold to sucrose than low-strain bees among pre-foragers, foragers, queens and drones. Pre-foraging low-strain workers showed ontogenetic changes in their response threshold to sucrose which was inversely related to age. High-strain foragers were more likely to return with loads of water compared to low-strain foragers. Whereas low-strain foragers were more likely to return with loads of nectar. Low-strain nectar foragers collected nectar with significantly higher sucrose concentrations than did the high-strain nectar foragers. Alternatively, low-strain foragers were more likely to return empty compared to high-strain foragers. These studies demonstrate how a genotypically varied sensory-physiological process, the perception of sucrose, are associated with a division of labor for foraging.
Evaluation of Stress Predominant Urinary Incontinence

Urodynamic studies (UDS) have been used to objectively characterize a patient’s complaint of urinary incontinence. Presumably, the clinician can utilize the UDS data to guide treatment options. It is even hoped that UDS can help predict which treatments should be utilized to produce the most effective outcomes. However, is this currently the case? The Urinary Incontinence Treatment Network (UITN) has completed four large randomized clinical trials related to treatments for urinary incontinence. Two trials compared outcomes of different surgeries for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in which standardized UDS protocols were used. Secondary analyses of these UDS data showed that UDS were neither prognostic of treatment outcomes nor correlative with severity of UI symptoms, suggesting limited utility of UDS in the evaluation and management of the uncomplicated SUI patient. A third trial was designed to answer whether a basic office examination is not noninferior to UDS in affecting SUI surgical outcomes. The results of this study are currently in press. A fourth trial examined treatment of urgency urinary incontinence (UUI). Because UDS was not part of this trial, the utility of UDS in management and treatment of UUI could not be assessed. In summary, UDS will need to undergo further refinements to increase its clinical effectiveness in the area of urinary incontinence.
Epitaxial core–shell and core–multishell nanowire heterostructures

Semiconductor heterostructures with modulated composition and/or doping enable passivation of interfaces and the generation of devices with diverse functions. In this regard, the control of interfaces in nanoscale building blocks with high surface area will be increasingly important in the assembly of electronic and photonic devices. Core-shell heterostructures formed by the growth of crystalline overlayers on nanocrystals offer enhanced emission efficiency, important for various applications. Axial heterostructures have also been formed by a one-dimensional modulation of nanowire composition and doping. However, modulation of the radial composition and doping in nanowire structures has received much less attention than planar and nanocrystal systems. Here we synthesize silicon and germanium core-shell and multishell nanowire heterostructures using a chemical vapour deposition method applicable to a variety of nanoscale materials. Our investigations of the growth of boron-doped silicon shells on intrinsic silicon and silicon-silicon oxide core-shell nanowires indicate that homoepitaxy can be achieved at relatively low temperatures on clean silicon. We also demonstrate the possibility of heteroepitaxial growth of crystalline germanium-silicon and silicon-germanium core-shell structures, in which band-offsets drive hole injection into either germanium core or shell regions. Our synthesis of core-multishell structures, including a high-performance coaxially gated field-effect transistor, indicates the general potential of radial heterostructure growth for the development of nanowire-based devices.
Dietary fat and cholesterol intake in young children compared with recommended levels.

PURPOSE The National Cholesterol Education Program (1991) recommended that children 2 years of age or more derive less than 30% of their daily energy intake from total fat, less than 10% from saturated fat, up to 10% from polyunsaturated fat, and 10% to 15% from monounsaturated fat, and that they consume less than 300 mg/day of cholesterol. The purpose of this study was to assess whether preadolescent children were following these dietary guidelines in 1994 and to determine the relationship of diet to obesity. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed in elementary schools in southeast Baltimore, Maryland. The subjects were 468 children, grades 2 through 5 (mean age, 8.9 +/- 0.8 years). The main outcome measures were a 24-hour diet record, body mass index, and skinfold thickness. RESULTS Mean percentage of total daily energy (TDE) from fat was 31.1%; saturated fat, 11.0%; monounsaturated fat, 10%; and polyunsaturated fat, 4.9%. Mean dietary cholesterol was 199.1 mg/day. Although the means for total and saturated fat are at recommended levels, the distribution of the dietary responses indicates that 50% of the children exceeded these targets. Twenty-five percent exceeded 35% of TDE derived from fat, and 25% exceeded 13% TDE derived from saturated fat. Fifty percent of children consumed below the desired level of monounsaturated fat, and almost no children consumed the desired 10% of polyunsaturated fat. Although mean dietary cholesterol was at a desired level, 16% of the children consumed more than 300 mg/day and 10% more than 377 mg/day. The negative correlation for sum of skinfold measurements with TDE (r = -0.14; P < 0.05), suggesting that fatter children consume fewer calories than thinner children, was the only correlate among dietary components and obesity. CONCLUSION A substantial percentage of children in the United States are still not meeting recommended levels for dietary intake of fat and cholesterol. The trend for fatter children to consume fewer daily calories suggests that obesity is not entirely a result of overconsumption.
Similarity search in sensor networks using semantic-based caching

Sensor networks build temporary wireless connections in environments where the stationary infrastructures are either destroyed or too expensive to construct. Most of the previous research in sensor networks focuses on routing protocols that adapt to the dynamic network topologies, and not much work has been done on data accessing. One important data accessing application is similarity search, which provides the foundation of content-based retrieval. Many traditional similarity search algorithms are based on centralized or flooding mechanisms, which are not effective in wireless sensor network environments due to the multiple limitations such as bandwidth and power. In this paper we tackle the problem of similarity search by using semantic-based caching to reflect the data content distribution in the network. The basic idea is analyzing the cached results of earlier queries and trying to resolve the later queries within a small collection of content-related mobile nodes. Based on a Hilbert space-filling curve, the data points in a multi-dimensional semantic space are described as a linear representation. These data points are further cached to facilitate query processing. Through extensive simulations, we show that our method can perform similarity search with improved performance in terms of search cost and response time.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NUCLEIC ACID BINDING PROPERTIES OF TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN

Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) is the type member of the plant-infecting viruses of the genus Tospovirus in the family Bunyaviridae. The three TSWV RNAs are encapsidated with nucleocapsid (N) protein to form ribonucleoprotein (RNP) which serves as the template for viral transcription and replication. Regions of the open reading frame coding for the N protein on the small (S) RNA were subcloned into pET protein expression vectors and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. Full-length N, N amino and carboxy halves, and two N carboxy-terminal regions were expressed and isolated by metal chelate affinity chromatography. The N protein, both of its halves and the extreme carboxy-terminal region, bound cooperatively and irrespective of sequence to radiolabeled single-stranded RNA produced by runoff transcription of clones of either TSWV S RNA or cowpea chlorotic mottle virus RNA3. N protein did not bind to radiolabeled double-stranded TSWV RNA. The density of the synthetic RNase-sensitive N protein-RNA complexes was 1.32 g/ml, similar to the density of authentic Bunyaviridae RNPs. These studies are the first to indicate differences in the nucleic acid binding abilities of Tospovirus and Hantavirus nucleocapsid proteins, the only characterized nucleocapsid proteins of the family Bunyaviridae.
Global Dirac phenomenology for proton-nucleus elastic scattering.

Energy-dependent global Dirac optical model potentials are found by fitting proton elastic scattering data in the energy range 20--1040 MeV for $^{12}\mathrm{C}$, $^{16}\mathrm{O}$, $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$, $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$, and $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$. Three different energy- and atomic-mass-number-dependent global Dirac optical potentials are also obtained. A number of characteristic features of the potentials are discussed. In addition, the mean free path, the effective mass ${\mathit{m}}_{\mathit{e}}^{\mathrm{*}}$, the Dirac mass ${\mathit{M}}^{\mathrm{*}}$, and the relativistic energy shift ${\mathit{E}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ are calculated.
Collingwood on art as “Imaginative expression”

(1961). Collingwood on art as “Imaginative expression”. Australasian Journal of Philosophy: Vol. 39, No. 3, pp. 241-250.
Human Movement Modeling and Activity Perception Based on Fiber-Optic Sensing System

This paper presents a flexible fiber-optic sensor-based pressure sensing system for human activity analysis and situation perception in indoor environments. In this system, a binary sensing technology is applied to reduce the data workload, and a bipedal movement-based space encoding scheme is designed to capture people's geometric information. We also develop a nonrepetitive encoding scheme to eliminate the ambiguity caused by the two-foot structure of bipedal movements. Furthermore, we propose an invariant activity representation model based on trajectory segments and their statistical distributions. In addition, a mixture model is applied to represent scenarios. The number of subjects is finally determined by Bayesian information criterion. The Bayesian network and region of interests are employed to facilitate the perception of interactions and situations. The results are obtained using distribution divergence estimation, expectation-maximization, and Bayesian network inference methods. In the experiments, we simulated an office environment and tested walk, work, rest, and talk activities for both one and two person cases. The experiment results have demonstrated that the average individual activity recognition is higher than 90%, and the situation perception rate can achieve 80%.
Heterogeneity of γ-crystallins from spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) eye lens

Mammalian lenses contain multiple γ -crystallin gene products, which are differentially synthesized during lens development. We now report the isolation and characterization of multiple γ -crystallins from lenses of adult spiny dogfish ( Squalus acanthias ) aged about 20–30 years. About 50% of total lens protein solubilized in 50 m m phosphate, pH 7·0; about 25% of this soluble fraction consists of γ -crystallins as determined by gel filtration. These γ -crystallins appear homogenous with respect to molecular weight (≈20000) on SDS-polyacrylamide gels, but their isollectric points range from below pH 6 to above 10. Preparative cation-exchange on SP-Sephadex at pH 4·8 resolves four major subfractions, while anion-exchange on DEAE-cellulose at pH 9·5 resolves seven subfractions. Although these procedures separate basic from acidic polypeptides, most of these γ -crystallin subfractions still consist of polypeptide mixtures, as determined by ion-exchange HPLC and isoelectric focusing. Analytical cation-exchange HPLC on SynChropak CM300 at pH 6·0 resolves at least 10 different γ -crystallin components. Amino acid compositions of all the subfractions are similar, yet distinct in the sense that three subclasses can be distinguished. Sulfhydryl residues range from three to six per chain, most of which are buried. The large heterogeneity of γ -crystallins in adult lens may result from different gene products in combination with post-translational modification.