cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enzyme activities in lipid-modified membranes of rat livers

Abstract The unnatural amino alcohol, N-isopropylethanolamine, is incorporated into phospholipids of various membrane fractions of rat liver after it is injected intraperitoneally. When this base analog was incorporated into the phospholipids of plasma membranes, the activity of 5'-nucleotidase in cell-free homogenates and in purified plasma membranes decreased by approx. 20–50% of that in the control preparations. Arrhenius plots for 5'-nucleotidase in both the control and isopropylethanolamine-treated plasma membranes had break points at the same temperatures. The enzymes from both control and isopropylethanolamine-treated membranes had identical apparent Michaelis constants, but different maximum velocities. Removal of phospholipids from control and isopropylethanolamine-treated plasma membrane preparations by phospholipase C treatment did not affect their 5′-nucleotidase activities. In addition, incubation of control membranes in the presence of free isopropyl-ethanolamine (1–10 mM) did not alter the 5'-nucleotidase activity. Collectively, these data indicate the lowered 5'-nucleotidase activity in the isopropyl-ethanolamine-treated membranes is due to a decreased amount of the enzyme and cannot be explained by the modification of the phospholipids within the membrane where the enzyme resides. Three other membrane-bound enzyme activities (NADH:cytochrome c reductase (EC 1.6.99.3), NADPH:cytochrome c reductase (EC 1.6.2.4), and succinic acid dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1)) were not affected by the isopropylethanolamine treatment.
Use of direct vision biopsy in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal malignancy

The technique of direct-vision endoscopic biopsy has been used in 185 cases to differentiate benign from malignant lesions of esophagus and stomach. No complications were encountered. Of 48 malignant lesions, 83.3% were correctly identified. No false positive interpretations were given to biopsy specimens from 137 benign lesions. Routine use of endoscopic biopsy improves substantially the accuracy of endoscopic diagnosis.
Facile Synthesis of a Phototoxic Monofunctionalized Tetraarylporphyrin as Scaffold for Porphyrin-Quinone Conjugates

Abstract A new carboxy-monofunctionalized tertraarylporphyrin has been tested for cytotoxicity toward OV2008 human ovarian cancer cells. This compound acutely inhibits growth of ovarian cancer cells upon exposure to ambient light while suppresses long-term clonogenic survival of cells under both dark and light stimulated conditions. Because of the variable length of the linkage between the anthraquinone and porphyrin moieties, the synthesized monocarboxylated porphyrin presents a versatile scaffold for fine-tuning of the photoelectron transfer in the quinone-porphyrin conjugate. To demonstrate its synthetic value, we converted the carboxy derivative to its amino counterpart.
Comment on A Dynamic Programming Approach for Joint Replenishment Under General Order Cost Functions

Rosenblatt and Kaspi Rosenblatt, M. J., M. Kaspi. 1985. A dynamic programming algorithm for joint replenishment under general order cost functions. Management Sci.31 March 369-373. suggested a dynamic programming algorithm for partitioning a number of items ordered from a single supplier. It was assumed that items belonging to a group have a fixed common ordering cycle. Queyranne Queyranne, M. 1987. Comment on a dynamic programming algorithm for joint replenishment under general order cost. Management Sci.33 1, January 131-133. in his comments on Rosenblatt and Kaspi described the correct dynamic programming algorithm for this optional partitioning problem.
Hybrid grating - prism stretcher - compressor system with cubic phase and wavelength tunability and decreased alignment sensitivity.

A novel stretcher–compressor design for chirped-pulse amplification systems is presented. The stretcher, which incorporates high-groove-density gratings and an intragrating prism pair, is shown to be highly cubic-phase tunable. Using a hybrid stretcher with 2400-line/mm gratings and off-the-shelf prisms, we have demonstrated amplification of sub-100-fs pulses. In addition, this cubic-phase tunability combined with the broadband efficiency of high-groove-density (2000 lines/mm) gratings allows for the possibility of a system that is tunable in wavelength.
Gynecologic issues of adolescents with Down syndrome, autism, and cerebral palsy.

Abstract Study Objective The gynecologic issues of adolescents with disabilities are understudied. The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the presenting complaints, treatments, and follow-up of adolescent girls with Down syndrome (DS), autism, and cerebral palsy (CP) presenting to a specialized gynecologic clinic for women with developmental disabilities. Setting Outpatient gynecology clinic. Participants Forty four adolescents ( Interventions None. Main Outcome Measures A retrospective review of the electronic medical records to collect data on age at presentation to clinic, ethnicity, menstrual history, chief complaint, treatment, and follow-up. Results Mean age at presentation to clinic was 15±3.5 years, and age of menarche was 12.5±2 years; age at menarche did not significantly differ between groups. The most frequent complaints were irregular bleeding (n=10) and mood/behavioral changes (n=6). Girls with autism were significantly (χ 2 =8.89, P =.012) more likely to present with behavioral issues than the other 2 groups. Initial management for the behavior issues in the autism group included nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), oral contraceptives, and education. Conclusion The most common gynecologic complaints of adolescent girls with DS, autism, and CP centered on menstruation and mood disorders. Patients with autism were more likely to present with behavioral issues related to the onset of periods.
PEPTIDE MIMETIC OF THE THIRD CYTOPLASMIC LOOP OF THE PTH/PTHRP RECEPTOR

The third cytoplasmic loop of seven transmembrane helix receptors is important both for the coupling to and activation of the heterotrimeric G-protein. Here, the structural characterization of two peptides containing the sequence of the putative third cytoplasmic loop of the parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone related peptide receptor in aqueous solution and in the presence of micelles is presented. The 27-amino acid peptide has been examined both in a linear form and cyclized with a linker of 8 methylenes designed to maintain a distance of 12 A between the N- and C-termini, modeling the distance observed between transmembrane α-helices in bacteriorhodopsin. In aqueous solution both peptides are relatively unstructured. In contrast, in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate micelles the linear peptide adopts a well-defined extended conformation with approximately 30% α-helix. The cyclic peptide possesses an N-terminal, ten amino acid α-helical domain followed by seven amino acids which protrude out in ...
Transblepharoplasty forehead lift and upper face rejuvenation

A complete upper face rejuvenation via blepharoplasty incisions is feasible. This technique is indicated in: (1) patients with male pattern baldness, (2) patients with a history of hair transplants, (3) patients with excessively high foreheads, (4) patients in which upper blepharoplasty is planned simultaneously with the brow lift, (5) patients with spastic frontalis syndrome, and (6) patients needing periorbital or bicularis muscle repositioning. Standard upper blepharoplasty incisions are made. Dissection is proceeded to the superior orbital rim. All the soft tissues, including the retro-orbicularis oculi fat (ROOF) pad, are elevated. A cuff of periosteum and the overlying subgaleal fascia is left. Superior dissection in the frontal area can proceed subgaleally or sub-periosteally. In the latter case, the periosteum is entered about 1.5 cm above the orbital rim. In the temporal area, dissection is done in the subgaleal plane up to 1 cm above the zygomatic arch. This dissection is accurately and safely done with the aid of the endoscope introduced through the same incision. Resection of the procerus and corrugator muscles is performed via the eyelid incision, identifying and protecting the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves. Extra-fine-tip cautery is used for hemostasis. Initial fixation consists of suturing the ROOF pad to the periosteum of the orbital rim (two sutures). The tail of the brow is sutured to the temporal fascia (third suture). The frontotemporal flap can be stabilized in an elevated position with an external tied-over dressing, percutaneous screws, or well-supportive contouring tape, depending on the clinical situation. The eyelids are closed in a standard fashion. This operation was performed on 14 patients--12 with the assistance of the endoscope and in 2 without the endoscope. However, the endoscope has made the operation more precise. Analysis of the brow position, frontalis and corrugator activity, and the aesthetics of the upper face reveal that this operation can give results similar to other techniques with comparable morbidity, more expeditiously and with fewer scars.
Hydrophobicity, solubility, and emulsifying properties of soy protein peptides prepared by papain modification and ultrafiltration

Peptide size control is important for obtaining desirable functional properties so that these peptides can be better utilized. Proteolytic enzymatic modification of soy protein isolates (SPI), followed by ultrafiltration, is an effective way to fractionate these proteins into peptides with controlled molecular size. SPI was predenatured by mild alkali at pH 10 and heated at 50°C for 1 h prior to partial hydrolysis by papain at pH 7.0 and 38°C for 10, 30, and 60 min (PMSPI10, PMSPI30, and PMSPI60). The hydrolysate PMSPI60 was further fractionated by ultrafiltration with a stirred cell and disc membranes (100-, 50-, and 20-kDa molecular weight cut-off) into one retentate (R100) and three permeates (P100, P50, and P20). Molecular weight distribution, surface hydrophobicity (S0), protein solubility (PS), emulsifying activity index (EAI), and emulsion stability index (ESI) of the control SPI (without added papain), hydrolysates, and ultrafiltrates were investigated. Significant increases (P<0.001) in S0, PS, EAI, and ESI were observed in the hydrolysates. Peptides in the permeates had higher PS and EAI but lower S0 than the peptides in the retentate and hydrolysate. Soy protein peptides that were prepared from SPI by papain modification and ultrafiltration had lower molecular weight, higher solubility, and higher emulsifying properties. They could find use in products that require these properties, especially in the cosmetic and health food industries.
Rapid radiographic film calibration for IMRT verification using automated MLC fields

A method for measuring a film sensitometric curve using a single sheet of film exposed with a two field step-and-shoot MLC treatment was developed and tested with Kodak XV2 and EDR2 films. With this technique a film sensitometric curve can be completed in only 10 minutes, making it practical to generate new film calibrations daily. This method is applicable to film calibrations for all purposes, but is particularly useful in IMRT treatment verification due to the method's use of small fields. This method agrees with the traditional large-field multifilm calibration within 0.5% and will produce sensitometric curves with errors less than 1% throughout the dose range, including uncertainties in dose delivery, film response, and optical density measurements. OD values for XV2 and EDR2 films were consistent in the middle of exposure areas at high depths, but the XV2 film penumbra regions showed large amounts of over-response as the calibration depth increased. If XV2 film is used for IMRT treatment verification, it is necessary to reduce the fluence of low energy photons in areas around the film by using thin lead shields. EDR2 film was shown to have minimal energy dependence, as it accurately represented penumbra areas and yielded identical sensitometric curves generated with 6 and 18 MV photons. However, its darker tint may make it more sensitive to scanning laser film digitizers' horizontal nonuniformities. This single film method proved to be superior to the traditional calibration method and allows fast daily calibrations of films for highly accurate IMRT delivery verifications.
Small terminase couples viral DNA binding to genome-packaging ATPase activity.

Packaging of viral genomes into empty procapsids is powered by a large DNA-packaging motor. In most viruses, this machine is composed of a large (L) and a small (S) terminase subunit complexed with a dodecamer of portal protein. Here we describe the 1.75 A crystal structure of the bacteriophage P22 S-terminase in a nonameric conformation. The structure presents a central channel ∼23 A in diameter, sufficiently large to accommodate hydrated B-DNA. The last 23 residues of S-terminase are essential for binding to DNA and assembly to L-terminase. Upon binding to its own DNA, S-terminase functions as a specific activator of L-terminase ATPase activity. The DNA-dependent stimulation of ATPase activity thus rationalizes the exclusive specificity of genome-packaging motors for viral DNA in the crowd of host DNA, ensuring fidelity of packaging and avoiding wasteful ATP hydrolysis. This posits a model for DNA-dependent activation of genome-packaging motors of general interest in virology.
The toxic milk mutation, tx, which results in a condition resembling Wilson disease in humans, is linked to mouse chromosome 8.

Litters produced by females homozygous for the toxic milk mutation, tx/tx, display a syndrome that includes poor growth, hypopigmentation, tremors, and death before 2 weeks of age. These features, consistent with copper deficiency, are attributed to failure in fetal hepatic copper accumulation. Here we report the chromosomal linkage of this mutation. 5 refs., 1 tab.
Discovery of Rare Variants via Sequencing: Implications for the Design of Complex Trait Association Studies

There is strong evidence that rare variants are involved in complex disease etiology. The first step in implicating rare variants in disease etiology is their identification through sequencing in both randomly ascertained samples (e.g., the 1,000 Genomes Project) and samples ascertained according to disease status. We investigated to what extent rare variants will be observed across the genome and in candidate genes in randomly ascertained samples, the magnitude of variant enrichment in diseased individuals, and biases that can occur due to how variants are discovered. Although sequencing cases can enrich for casual variants, when a gene or genes are not involved in disease etiology, limiting variant discovery to cases can lead to association studies with dramatically inflated false positive rates.
Raman spectroscopy monitors adverse bone sequelae of cancer radiotherapy

Abstract Raman spectroscopy provides information on bone chemical composition and structure via widely used metrics including mineral to matrix ratio, mineral crystallinity and carbonate content, collagen cross-linking ratio and depolarization ratios. These metrics are correlated with bone material properties, such as hardness, plasticity and Young's modulus. We review application of Raman spectroscopy to two important irradiated animal models: the mouse tibia, a model for damage to cortical bone sites including the rib (breast cancer) and to healthy tissue adjacent to extremity sarcomas, and the rat mandible, a model for radiation damage in head and neck cancer radiotherapy. Longitudinal studies of irradiated mouse tibia demonstrate that radiation-induced matrix abnormalities can persist even 26 weeks post-radiation. Polarized Raman spectroscopy shows formation of more ordered orientation of both mineral and collagen. At 8 weeks post-radiation, irradiated rat hemimandible exhibits transient hypermineralization, increased collagen cross-linking and decreased depolarization ratios of mineral and collagen. A standard radioprotectant, amifostine, mitigates rat mandible radiation damage, with none remaining detectable 18 weeks post-radiation. Already a powerful tool to monitor radiation damage, Raman spectroscopy may be important in development of new radiotherapy protocols and radioprotective agents. Further in vivo studies of radiation effects on the rodent models are underway, as are development of methodologies for eventual use in human subjects.
The Value of Product Variety When Selling to Strategic Consumers

We consider a firm that sells two vertically (quality) differentiated products to strategically forward-looking consumers over two periods, setting the prices dynamically in each period. The consumers are heterogeneous in their evaluations of quality, and strategic in that they decide not only whether and which product variant to buy, but also when to buy, choosing the option that maximizes their utility. We derive the equilibrium of the pricing-purchasing game between the firm and the consumers. We find that the loss due to strategic customer behavior can be less with two product variants compared to the single-product benchmark, which indicates that product variety can serve as a lever when dealing with strategic customers. This benefit exists when the additional product has an inferior cost-to-quality ratio. Because of this benefit, a firm may find it attractive to sell a product variant that would be unprofitable otherwise. However, product variety can also hurt profitability due to strategic customer behavior: A product variant that would be profitable absent strategic customers can in fact be unprofitable. This can happen when customer impatience and firm costs are moderate.
The Divergence of Adjacent Populations

In Union Bay, a temperate embayment in Seattle, Washington, USA two different kinds of predators maintain a polymorphism of the cladoceran Bosmina longirostris. The boundary separating these two Bosmina populations is unusual because it is maintained in a freely mixing body of water, and important because its distinctness is a consequence of trophic dynamics, a result of the interactions of visual predators (fish) and grasping predators (copepods). Not only do the fish directly affect the morph composition by differentially removing the more conspicuous morphs, they also indirectly control the magnitude of counter—selection forces by regulating the abundance of predatory copepods. The joint action of both predators sets up a spatial situation in which adjacent populations of Bosmina actually diverge phenotypically and genetically during the summer. See full-text article at JSTOR
Breast cancer presenting within or adjacent to the breast implant capsule: a case series and clinical recommendations.

Introduction Since the advent of silicone breast implants in the 1970s forever changing the field of breast reconstruction, now, over 1 million American women have breast implants. The development of a capsule around the implant is a part of the body’s immune response to a surgically implanted foreign object. Composed mostly of collagen fibers, microscopically, it also appears to be a highly vascular structure. While breast cancer occurring in or adjacent to the implant capsule has anecdotally been described, it is a rare event and not well documented in the literature. We report a series of cases where we iscovered carcinoma and carcinoma in situ of the breast within or mmediately adjacent to the implant capsule, and suggest that its ascular nature may predispose tumor seeding to the capsule at rates igher than previously believed, as well as demonstrate clinical evience of an interesting aspect of tumor biology. We also suggest that his unusual presentation may require more extensive surgery, and
Electron bunching and energy exchange in a traveling-wave tube

A physical picture of electron-wave interaction, electron bunching, and energy exchange in the traveling-wave tube is obtained by a study of the problem of electrons moving in a traveling electromagnetic wave of constant amplitude. This very simple analysis results in an easily understood qualitative description of the details of the interaction mechanism at large signal within an operating traveling-wave tube.
THE ETHIC OF THE GIFT IN GEORGE ELIOT'S DANIEL DERONDA

In short, this [the exchange of gifts] represents an intermingling. Souls are mixed with things; things with souls. Lives are mingled together, and this is how, among persons and things so intermingled, each emerges from their own sphere and mixes together. This is precisely what contract and exchange are.—Marcel Mauss, The Gift
Near-Field Scanning Nanophotonic Microscopy—Breaking the Diffraction Limit Using Integrated Nano Light-Emitting Probe Tip

We introduce a novel scanning ldquonanophotonicrdquo microscope through monolithic integration of a nanoscale LED (Nano-LED) on a silicon cantilever. We review two recent trends of incorporating miniature light sources on the scanning probes for near-field scanning optical microscopy: one is to attach fluorephores at the tip to define a small light source, while the other is to integrate an LED and a nanometer aperture into scanning probes, based on silicon microfabrication techniques. The creation of Nano-LED combines the advantages of previous two approaches: no external sources are required and the reduction of the light source size directly leads to resolution improvement. Two types of Nano-LEDs have been successfully demonstrated utilizing nanofabrication and microelectromechanical systems technologies: 1) formation of thin silicon dioxide light-emitting layer between heavily doped p + and n+ silicon layers created by a focused ion beam and 2) electrostatic trapping and excitation of CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanoparticles in a nanogap. We employed these probes into a standard near-field scanning and excitation setup. The probe successfully measured optical as well as topographic images of chromium test patterns with imaging resolutions of 400 and 50 nm, respectively. In addition, the directional resolution dependence of the acquired images suggests the size and shape of the light source. To our knowledge, these results are probably the first successful near-field images directly measured by such tip-embedded light sources. With the potential emission capability from near UV to IR and additional mass producibility, the nanophotonic microscope presents exciting opportunities in near-field optics, integrated circuit technology, nanomanufacturing and molecular imaging, and sensing in biomedicine.
Spectral Content and Spatial Scales in Unsteady Rotationally Augmented Flow Fields

Frequency spectra were computed from Cntime series acquired during the NASA Ames wind tunnel experiment, for rotationally augmented flow field conditions at zero yaw. Prominent peaks were present in the frequency spectra, corresponding to dominant aerodynamic shedding modes. These shedding modes were well correlated with flow field mean structure, and Strouhal number analyses furnished information regarding time varying flow field kinematics. Specifically, Strouhal number analyses implied that one of two distinct shedding modes was present, depending upon test section speed and local inflow angle. Information regarding these shedding kinematics will help provide understanding of the aerodynamics responsible for unsteady load production during rotationally augmented conditions. This, in turn, will aid in establishing a reliable physical basis for accurately predicting the time varying aerodynamic forces responsible for wind turbine fatigue loads and damage.
“Stand Up and Be Counted”: The Politics of a Homeless Enumeration

This study analyzes the methodological and political issues associated with homeless enumerations. While enumerations represent just one aspect of homeless politics in the United States, they incorporate many debates that are central to understanding homelessness. How to define homelessness and how to find and account for a transitory, stigmatized population are chief among the quandaries faced by counties undertaking enumerations; the extent of these difficulties calls into question the reliability of enumeration results. In studying one U.S. county's efforts to count the homeless in 2005 and 2009, this paper illuminates the obstacles faced by counties undertaking enumerations, and connects those challenges to broader debates about homelessness and homeless policy making in the United States.
A Virtual Human Dialogue Model for Non-Team Interaction

We describe the dialogue model for the virtual humans developed at the Institute for Creative Technologies at the University of Southern California. The dialogue model contains a rich set of information state and dialogue moves to allow a wide range of behaviour in multimodal, multiparty interaction. We extend this model to enable non-team negotiation, using ideas from social science literature on negotiation and implemented strategies and dialogue moves for this area. We present a virtual human doctor who uses this model to engage in multimodal negotiation dialogue with people from other organisations. The doctor is part of the SASO-ST system, used for training for non-team interactions.
The Community College Baccalaureate Movement: Cutting-Edge Dissertation Research

In this review of dissertations, the researcher presents summaries of 10 of the most recent and cutting-edge dissertations focusing on the ever-growing and complex field of the community college baccalaureate movement. These studies focus on the gamut of specific legislation, case studies of particular programs and schools, financing of such programs. Also addressed is the question of whether these degree offerings do, in fact, increase access to the baccalaureate education for more students nationwide. After addressing the research conducted in these innovative studies, the author examines them in a broader sense. This is accomplished by looking at some of the scholarly work present in the field, and, specifically, the work of pioneers like Floyd, Skolnik, and Walker, whose book The Community College Baccalaureate: Emerging Trends and Policy Issues remains a cornerstone of this movement. Even though this review covers 10 dissertations from 1998–2008, the author argues that this movement will only continu...
Calculations of optical properties of the tetraphenyl-X family of isomorphous crystals (X = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb)

As part of a program to determine how small structural changes become manifest in the optical properties of crystals we used classical dipole–dipole interaction calculations to estimate the linear birefringence and optical rotatory power of the crystals Ph4X where X = C, Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb. Field induced effects including second harmonic generation, the electro-optic response and electrogyration were calculated using the dipole electron shifting model (DES) model. The calculated induced effects are larger than those in standard materials such as KH2PO4. All of the properties tend to increase in magnitude with increasing polarizability except for optical rotation, which is largest for Ph4C. We propose an interpretation for the unusual behaviour of the optical rotation in terms of competing helical circuits of closely bonded atoms.
Lying and Confessing

This essay, for a symposium on Citizen Ignorance, Police Deception and the Constitution, relies on moral philosophy and new empirical research in arguing that police deceit during interrogation is permissible when: (1) it takes place in the window between arrest and formal charging; (2) it is necessary (i.e., non-deceptive techniques have failed); (3) it is not coercive (i.e., avoids undermining the rights to silence and counsel and would not be considered impermissibly coercive if true); and (4) it does not take advantage of vulnerable populations (i.e., suspects who are young, have mental retardation, or have been subjected to prolonged interrogation). A prohibition on interrogation deception under these conditions would cause much more harm (in terms of lost true confessions) than benefit (in terms of preventing false confessions and any intangible harm to the dupe or society).
On the transfer of conceptuses from oocytes fertilized in vitro.

Details of the transfer of conceptuses into the uterus after fertilization of oocytes in vitro are supplied. Transfer has usually been carried out at the 3- to 6-cell stage about 44 hours after insemination. When the transfer of more than 1 conceptus is done the 2nd and 3rd conceptuses may be in a much earlier stage of development. The transfer catheter of American Wire Gauge number 20 Teflon tubing has an internal diameter of .8636 mm and an outside diameter of 1.4732 mm. A side notch is cut in the tubing so that a stream of liquid forced from the catheter will eject at a 45 degree angle. Each catheter measures about 30 cm in length. Culture medium and conceptus are drawn into the catheter by a 1 ml tuberculin syringe with a number 18 needle. The catheter is inserted through a carrying tube with a slightly curved tip made from number 12 steel needle tubing with a 2.157 mm internal diameter. The catheter is flushed for about 25 cm once or twice prior to loading the conceptus. The conceptus is transferred to a 60 mm tissue culture dish for convenience in loading and to have a flat surface for photography. The conceptus is drawn into the catheter under the microscope in such a way that it lies about 11 cm from the side opening near the catheter tip with the entire column of medium including 2 air gaps occupying 22 cm of catheter length. Transfer is carried out in the knee-to-chest position so that patients uteri are in the normal anterior position. Patients receive 250 mg of tetracycline 4 times daily on the day before and the day of transfer. The tip of the metal catheter is inserted barely into the mucus at the external os and the transfer catheter is passed through the cervix for a predetermined distance. The entire column of medium is quickly ejected followed by air to clear the catheter. A moment or 2 later the catheter is withdrawn and examined for presence of conceptus. The patient remains prone in the recovery room for a minimum of 4 hours. The procedure was used 94 times from January 1 1981-June 30 1982 resulting in 21 pregnancies. Difficulty was encountered only once in passing the catheter into the uterine cavity and a conceptus was found remaining in the catheter only once after a transfer.
Optical properties of natural and cation-exchanged heulandite group zeolites

The principal refractive indices, 2 V , and optical orientation were measured for a series of monovalent and divalent cation-exchanged heulandite samples (Si/Al = 3.19) from Nasik, India, by use of the spindle stage and double variation method. For monovalent cations, Na + , K + , Rb + , and Cs + , the mean refractive indices were 1.4881, 1.4841, 1.4874, and 1.5039, respectively; and for divalent cations, Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , Cu 2+ , Sr 2+ , and Cd 2+ , the mean refractive indices were 1.4968, 1.5053, 1.4726, 1.5086, and 1.4860, respectively. Lower mean refractive indices correspond to changes in optical orientation from b || Z in the natural sample to b || Y in the K sample to b || X in the Cu sample. Samples exchanged with divalent cations generally have higher channel water contents than samples exchanged with monovalent cations. Water has a high refractivity and samples with high water contents would be expected to have high mean refractive indices. Monovalent samples with high water contents relative to other monovalent samples have low mean refractive indices. Consequently, the refractive indices of the monovalent samples are governed by a factor other than water content. Despite their higher water contents than the monovalent samples, not all divalent samples have higher mean refractive indices than monovalent samples, apparently because full cation exchange did not occur in these samples. Most of the divalent samples exhibit a positive charge deficit based on calculations made from microprobe analyses and crystal structure refinements. The low pH of the exchange solutions and the low mean refractive indices for most of the divalent samples in this study support the claim that H + exchanged into the framework channels for charge balance.
Efficient cobalt-catalyzed oxidative conversion of lignin models to benzoquinones

Phenolic lignin model monomers and dimers representing the primary substructural units of lignin were successfully oxidized to benzoquinones in high yield with molecular oxygen using new Co-Schiff base catalysts bearing a bulky heterocyclic nitrogen base as a substituent. This is the first example of a catalytic system able to convert both S and G lignin model phenols in high yield, a process necessary for effective use of lignin as a chemical feedstock.
Der Reflex des Musculus tensor tympani

The film shows the pre-operative and operative proceeding which is necessary to demonstrate the reflex of the tensor tympani muscle of the cat as experimental animal. Moreover the instruments are represented which are requisite to produce and register the reflex.
Effect of an aziridinyl chemosterilant on the proteins of the haemolymph, ovaries, and eggs of house flies: a study of gel acrylamide electrophoresis.

Chemosterilization of Musca domestica L. with P, P -bis-(1-aziridinyl)-N-(-methoxypropyl) phosphinothioic amede produced long-term changes in haemolymph and ovarian proteins as determined by gel acrylamide electrophoresis. There were 2 areas of protein accumulation (Fractions 3-5 and 12-13) in the haemolymph but only one in the ovaries (Fractions 3-5) after aziridinyl chemosterilization. Although Fraction 3 may be the “female protein” there was no corresponding accumulation visible in newly deposited chemosterilized eggs. The protein pattern of newly deposited chemosterilized eggs was similar to that of normal eggs, but progressive changes, which were very different from the changes in normal eggs during embryo genesis occurred after oviposition.
Topical and Systemic Antifungal Agents

Superficial fungal infections are frequent and can cause considerable morbidity. Many topical agents are available that are effective against most of these infections. Systemic fungal infections are increasing in frequency, especially among immunocompromised hosts. Amphotericin B remains the most important therapeutic agents but is associated with significant acute and chronic toxicities.
Thermophotovoltaics: a potential pathway to high efficiency concentrated solar power

A high temperature thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system is modeled and its system level performance is assessed in the context of concentrated solar power (CSP) with thermal energy storage (TES). The model includes the treatment of the emitter and the heat transfer fluid that draws thermal energy from the TES, which then allows for the identification and prioritization of the most important TPV cell/module level properties that should be optimized to achieve maximum performance. The upper limiting efficiency for an idealized system is then calculated, which shows that TPV with TES may one day have the potential to become competitive with combined cycle turbines, but could also offer other advantages that would give CSP an advantage over fossil based alternatives. The system concept is enabled by the usage of liquid metal as a high temperature heat transfer and TES fluid. The system concept combines the great economic advantages of TES with the potential for low cost and high performance derived from TPV cells fabricated on reusable substrates, with a high reflectivity back reflector for photon recycling.
Density Limits for Multifaceted Asymmetric Radiation from the Edge

A linear analysis of thermal instabilities along the magnetic field lines in the plasma edge is used to derive predictive algorithms for the edge density limit for the onset of multifaceted asymmetric radiation from the edge (MARFE) within the last closed flux surface in tokamaks. Calculated MARFE onset density limits for representative impurity and recycling neutral concentrations and representative edge plasma parameters in a model problem exhibit the expected strong dependence on impurity type and concentration at low recycling neutral concentrations. At recycling neutral concentrations greater than ∼1 × 10 -5 , the MARFE onset density limit is found to depend strongly on the recycling neutral concentration and to be relatively independent of impurity type or concentration. Predicted MARFE onset density limits for two DIII-D shots agree reasonably well with experimental data.
Deep seas and oceans

Introduction The deep sea is defined as water depth greater than 200 m, thereby excluding the continental shelf (Chapter 15). Deep-sea environments are present over 65% of the Earth's surface, and include ocean basins, oceanic trenches, island-arc basins, marginal seas, and downfaulted continental borderlands (Figure 18.1). Although these environments are in different physiographic and tectonic situations, they have certain features in common. There is a continuous supply to the upper parts of the sea of fine-grained organic and inorganic sediment, which settles slowly to the bed (to form pelagic and hemipelagic sediment). Sediment also commonly travels down basin slopes and submarine canyons as sediment gravity flows (turbidity currents, debris flows, and grain flows: Chapter 8) and is spread over submarine fans and basin plains. Water currents due to tides and waves are relatively unimportant, but currents due to wind shear and density contrasts (related to variations in temperature and salinity) are important. These currents are especially significant in moving sediment within the water column and on the bed of deep-sea basins. Major advances in technology during the latter half of the twentieth century led to revolutionary developments in ocean science, including development of the theories of sea-floor spreading and plate tectonics; acquisition of much more detailed knowledge of ocean-floor geometry and sediment deposits; the realization that sediment gravity flows and deep-sea water currents are responsible for transporting sand and gravel to and around the deep sea, and that these sediment deposits may contain vast quantities of hydrocarbons; great increases in knowledge of oceanic water chemistry, physics, and biology, and how these are linked to the atmosphere and global climate change; and the discovery of new ecosystems associated with mid-ocean-ridge volcanicity and within sediment pore waters.
A novel multi-loop QFT robust control methodology for cascade control systems

In attempt to improve the conventional method, we proposed a new iterative methodology. The new methodology starts with the inner loop to design a controller with desired control specifications formulated as quadratic inequalities and QFT-bounds. Then, with the resulting inner controller the outer loop is designed in a similar way as the inner one, and as a function of the inner loop design. Subsequently new control specifications, quadratic inequalities and QFT-bounds based on sensitivity functions of two controllers already designed are formulated and added to the original set of QFT-bounds of the inner loop, restarting the design of the controllers in an iterative methodology. By Cascade-Control theory, the inner loop must be faster; therefore, adding QFT-bounds of the outer loop to the inner loop will be helpless because the inner loop is more demanding one. Therefore, we add a new cascade controller external to the outer loop (new loop) and apply our theory on the outer and the new loops. We continue this process, adding additional external loops, until we meet our objective function. Alternatively, gradual decrease of sensitive function at low frequency for each loop leads to the same conclusion. In this paper we present this new control design methodology and expand it to "n" cascade control loops. We also validate the methodology improving a classical electrical motor cascade control system with current, velocity and position loops.
Sensitivity of field isolation profiles to active pattern

The bird's beak profile for LOCOS-based isolations is shown to be a strong function of the patterned nitride width. In particular, the bird's beak height is found to be much smaller for intermediate widths (/spl sim/0.6 /spl mu/m) than for either very wide or very narrow nitride lines. These width-dependent phenomena are explained using simulation. Furthermore, the use of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is presented as a convenient approach for quantifying the 2-D encroachment effects common to all LOCOS-based schemes. >
Myocardial effects of cardiac arrest and resuscitation with especial reference to mitochondrial injury

The underlying mechanism of cell injury during ischemia and reperfusion is complex and timesesnsitive. Some processess develop coincidentally with the onset of ischemia and during reperfusion leading to abnormalities in energy metabolism, acid base status, and intracellular ion homeostasis. Other processes develop later and encompass activation of various signalling pathways that have deleterious or beneficial effects on specific effectors, but associated with sustained disruption of energy production contractile dysfunction and activation of apoptotic pathways. Discussion on the various cell mechanisms resposible for cell injury is beyond the scope of this review. However, pertinent to our discussion is the mounting evidence pointing to mitochondria as key target organelles of reperfusion injury.
Building multidisciplinary research

In his poetry, Walt Whitman sings, "I am large, I contain multitudes." Most healthy organisms are made up of a multitude of cells and cell types, but none of these cells acts alone. Likewise a cell in homeostasis contains many organelles, but none of these organelles work on their own. How these diverse cells and how these different organelles communicate with each other in time and space are scientific questions that intrigue me. At the same time, like these cooperating cells and organelles, my research is constantly reshaped and transformed by interacting with different people, from my encouraging mentors, energetic trainees, and inspiring colleagues. These personal collaborations motivate and advance my research toward understanding cellular communications that promote metabolic health and organism longevity.
A Tale of Two Entrepreneurs: Understanding Differences in the Types of Entrepreneurship in the Economy

Not all startup companies are created equal. Although both innovation-driven enterprises (IDEs) and traditional small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can provide valuable products and services and create jobs, IDEs – startups focused on addressing global markets based on technological, process or business model innovation – can potentially create hundreds or even thousands of high-skill jobs if they succeed.This paper examines the distinctive differences between these two forms of entrepreneurial ventures, their importance for governments and policymakers wanting to support long-term economic growth; their roles in local, regional and global economies; and their differing needs in terms of financial and policy support.
Somewhere Over the Rainbow: An Empirical Assessment of Quantitative Colormaps

An essential goal of quantitative color encoding is the accurate mapping of perceptual dimensions of color to the logical structure of data. Prior research identifies weaknesses of 'rainbow' colormaps and advocates for ramping in luminance, while recent work contributes multi-hue colormaps generated using perceptually-uniform color models. We contribute a comparative analysis of different colormap types, with a focus on comparing single- and multi-hue schemes. We present a suite of experiments in which subjects perform relative distance judgments among color triplets drawn systematically from each of four single-hue and five multi-hue colormaps. We characterize speed and accuracy across each colormap, and identify conditions that degrade performance. We also find that a combination of perceptual color space and color naming measures more accurately predict user performance than either alone, though the overall accuracy is poor. Based on these results, we distill recommendations on how to design more effective color encodings for scalar data.
fMRI: BOLD Contrast

An influential technique for the study of the human brain has been functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The most common form of fMRI uses standard clinical magnetic resonance imaging scanners to create images based on blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast. Compared to other human neuroimaging techniques, BOLD fMRI has good spatial resolution but only fair temporal resolution. Nevertheless, because it is noninvasive and well matched to many experimental paradigms, it has become the dominant technique in cognitive neuroscience. This article describes the physical and physiological principles underlying fMRI, along with the key concepts of designing and analyzing fMRI experiments.
Potential for using transgenic plants as a tool for virus taxonomy.

Transgenic plants resistant to viruses don’t behave uniformly enough to be used as a convenient tool for virus taxonomy.
Photoelectrons Are Not Always Quite Free.

The photoelectron spectra of Sm2O– obtained over a range of photon energies exhibit anomalous changes in relative excited-state band intensities. Specifically, the excited-state transition intensities increase relative to the transition to the neutral ground state with decreasing photon energy, the opposite of what is expected from threshold effects. This phenomenon was previously observed in studies on several Sm-rich homo- and heterolanthanide oxides collected with two different harmonic outputs of a Nd:YAG (2.330 and 3.495 eV) [J. Chem. Phys. 2017, 146, 194310]. We relate these anomalous intensities to populations of ground and excited anionic and neutrals states through the inspection of time-dependent perturbation theory within the adiabatic and sudden limits and for the first time show that transition intensities in photoelectron spectroscopy have a deep significance in gauging participation from excited states. We believe our results will have significance in the study of other electron-rich system...
Multiple Time-Series Data Analysis for Rumor Detection on Social Media

Rumor detection becomes increasingly important in social media. The effects of rumor propagation are dreadful in case of time-critical events, for example, during natural disasters. In this paper, we proposed a multiple time-series data analysis model to detect rumors on Twitter. Instead of checking the contents of the tweets, the proposed method only uses temporal properties of the tweets. As a result, the computational complexity measured by the training time and prediction time has been reduced significantly, which allows quick detection of rumors. Experimental results show that the proposed model combined with Gaussian Naive Bayes classifier achieved a high precision score of 94%.
Lou Sullivan Diaries: 1976–1980

After discovering that Tom is in love with “another” woman again, Sullivan rejects his male identity and buys women’s clothes for the first time in three years. While he feels more comfortable dressing as a woman than he ever had before—thanks to addressing his “misogynist” attitudes with a therapist—he also experiences great loss and depression in giving up Lou. When Tom later admits to being in love with “another” woman yet again, Sullivan realizes that even embracing his female side will not keep Tom from infidelity. After an ugly breakup, Sullivan returns to his identity as Lou and to his thoughts of transitioning to male through hormones and surgery. He inquires into and eventually begins taking hormones, with the guidance of Steve Dain, a trans man that Sullivan reads about in the San Francisco Chronicle. The chapter concludes with Sullivan’s changing his name and his sex on his California driver’s license.