cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Celebrating physiological genomics at the 125th anniversary of the American Physiological Society.

the physiological genomics (PG) Group of the American Physiological Society marked the 125th anniversary celebration of the American Physiological Society by organizing four exciting scientific sessions at the recently concluded Experimental Biology meeting 2012 held at the San Diego Convention Center. These included a cross-sectional workshop “Tool-kit for genomic biomarker discovery by physiologists” chaired by Drs. Bina Joe and Lance Miller, a symposium on “Molecular and cellular therapy for cardiovascular disease” chaired by Drs. Zhongjie Sun and Stephen C. Mockrin, a featured topic on “Translational biomarkers of hypertension: Insights from animal models” chaired by Dr. Joe, and a special session, “Trainee-highlights in physiological genomics” chaired by Drs. Jia Zhuo and Carol Moreno. The scientific impact of these four sessions was reflected through the active discussions that followed after each of these session presentations and from large scientific audiences including faculty members and postdoctoral and graduate trainees across all sections of the American Physiological Society.
Accounting for Depreciation in the Soviet Economy

I. Introduction, 481. — II. The valuation of fixed assets, 482. — III. Determination of depreciation rates, 488. — IV. A statistical appraisal, 493. — V. Obsolescence, 499. — VI. Conclusion, 505.
Atomic spectroscopy on a chip

Guiding light through hollow optical waveguides has opened the field of photonics to the investigation of non-solid materials that have all the convenience of integrated optics. Of particular interest is the confinement of atomic vapours, such as rubidium, because of its wide range of applications, including slow and stopped light1, single-photon nonlinear optics2, quantum information processing3, precision spectroscopy4 and frequency stabilization5. Here, we present the first monolithically integrated rubidium vapour cell using hollow-core antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs) on a silicon chip. The cells have a footprint of less than 1 cm2, fully planar fibre-optical access, and a cell volume more than 7 orders of magnitude less than conventional bulk cells. The micrometre-sized mode areas enable high beam intensities over near centimetre lengths. We demonstrate optical densities in excess of 2, and saturation absorption spectroscopy on a chip. These results allow the study of atoms and molecules on a platform that combines the advantages of photonic-crystal-like structures with integrated optics.
THE EFFECT OF BOND RATING AGENCIES ON BOND RATING MODELS

This paper addresses the problem of bond rating discrepancies and their effect on bond rating prediction models. Both Moody's and Standard & Poor's now use modified ratings. Results of this study indicate that the two agencies disagree 58 percent of the time and that Moody's rates bonds significantly lower than S & P. In addition, the classification rates of the multiple discriminant analysis models decrease approximately 24 percentage points when the modified ratings are used.
What's Cultural about Biocultural Research?

Advances in biocultural research have been hampered by the lack of an explicit theory of culture. Culture can be viewed as a collection of cultural models of specific domains with empirically verifiable distributions within a social group. Individuals are variably able to approximate these models in their own beliefs and behavior, a concept referred to as “cultural consonance.” Cultural consonance is hypothesized to be associated with psychophysiologic outcomes, including blood pressure and depressive symptoms. In this article, the cultural domain of family life in Brazil is used to illustrate both the concept and measurement of cultural consonance. It is associated with arterial blood pressure and depressive symptoms, controlling for covariates and other explanatory variables. This theoretical orientation can define more precisely the cultural in the biocultural.
Ultrasonic extraction and field‐portable anodic stripping voltammetry of lead from environmental samples

Ultrasonic extraction of lead from environmental samples, followed by anodic stripping voltammetric (ASV) analysis using a field-portable ASV instrument, was evaluated. Representative lead-containing standard reference materials were subjected to ultrasonic agitation in dilute nitric acid, and the lead subsequently determined by ASV. Recoveries of lead were found to be statistically equivalent to those obtained previously by means of hotplate concentrated acid digestion and atomic spectrometric analysis. Laboratory-prepared air filter samples were also analyzed for lead content by using the ultrasonic extraction/portable ASV analytical protocol. For duplicate laboratory-prepared air filter samples, results from microwave digestion and atomic absorption analysis compared well with those from ultrasonic extraction and portable ASV analysis. The lower detection limit for the ultrasound/portable ASV method was found to be less than 1 ppb Pb in solution, or < 0.1 μg Pb/filter. The results suggest that the method may allow for the on-site determination of lead in environmental samples such as paint, dust, soil and workplace air.
Developing Leadership Strategies Inside the Politics of Language, Diversity, and Change

Currently in her third year as principal of the Leighton Elementary School, Georgia Henson faces conflicting pressures in a district where the priorities of Anglo and Hispanic communities may diverge. This case raises questions regarding administration and supervision of schools in multicultural contexts where political tensions are rising. In addition, the case provokes reflection on the ethics of agency and possibility that doing things right may not always converge with doing the right things.
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids of Senecio Glabellus

AbstractA Phytochemical Investigation Of The Overground Parts Of Sencio Glabellus Resulted In Isolation and Identification Of Five Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids: Florosenine (Acetylotosenine), Senecionine, Integerrimine, Otosenine and Senkirkine, By Comparison With Authentic Samples. Separation Of The First Three Of These Alkaloids From Otosenine and Senkirkine Was Realized By A Simple Liquid/Liquid Extraction Procedure Which Is Reported. This Is The First Report Of The Occurrence Of Florosenine, Otosenine and Senkirkine In S. Glabellus.
Childhood Factors that Precede Drug Injection: Is there a Link?

Examination of childhood risk factors for injection drug use may provide clues as to why people progress to injection drug use and it can promote identification of at-risk youth. We surveyed current injection drug users (IDUs) and individuals who never injected drugs (non-IDUs), recruited through street outreach and snowball sampling in Denver, CO. Between March 2000 and October 2003, 601 subjects (339 IDUs and 262 non-IDUs) participated in structured interviews. We examined self-reported factors in childhood that may have been influential in whether one progressed to drug injection later in life. These indicators included age at drug and alcohol initiation, childhood risk behavior, parental monitoring, family stability, and other family problems. Differences between IDUs and non-IDUs were assessed using unadjusted tests and logistic regression. Results of the data analysis indicated that IDUs were significantly younger when they first used both alcohol and marijuana, they reported higher childhood risk behavior scores, and they had less parental monitoring and less family stability as children than non-IDUs. This research may assist clinicians in defining factors that put youth at risk for problems associated with injection drug use.
A Self-Contained Interplanetary Navigator

This paper is concerned primarily with various methods that can be used to mechanize a self-contained space navigation system, using a positional perturbation guidance equation to compute velocity corrections. The key components involved are those used to determine present position, a control system to implement velocity corrections, and a computer to interrelate their functional operations. In the area of determining present position, various schemes are described for obtaining a celestial fix. These include purely-optical and inertial-optical schemes, which are compared. In addition, a least-squares data smoothing criterion is shown whereby position is computed using redundant fix data. The implementation of velocity corrections is largely dependent upon the ability to accurately control vehicle attitude and to measure the magnitude of the velocity increment. Therefore, various schemes are proposed for controlling the direction and magnitude of a velocity correction.
Effects of Positive Airway Pressure on Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea during Acute Ascent to Altitude

Rationale: In acute ascent to altitude, untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is often replaced with central sleep apnea (CSA). In patients with obstructive sleep apnea who travel to altitude, it is unknown whether their home positive airway pressure (PAP) settings are sufficient to treat their obstructive sleep apnea, or altitude-associated central sleep apnea.Methods: Ten participants with positive airway pressure–treated obstructive sleep apnea, who reside at 1,320 m altitude, underwent polysomnography on their home positive airway pressure settings at 1,320 m and at a simulated altitude of 2,750 m in a hypobaric chamber. Six of the participants were subsequently studied without positive airway pressure at 2,750 m.Measurements and Main Results: At 1,320 m, all participants’ sleep apnea was controlled with positive airway pressure on home settings; at 2,750, no participants’ sleep apnea was controlled. At higher altitude, the apnea–hypopnea index was higher (11 vs. 2 events/h; P < 0.01), mostly due to...
Laser alignment modeling using rigorous numerical simulations

This paper describes a three-dimensional computer modeling technique for alignment system simulation, and some example calculations. The technique has been developed to address issues of alignment and overlay accuracy for future generation VLSI technology. The analytical basis is a general finite element electromagnetic wave propagation code, EMFlex, that rigorously simulates light scattering from the 3-D alignment mark. Using the Nikon Laser Step Alignment (LSA) system as a model instrument, the overlay error and signal shape are simulated. Examples of an idealized asymmetric metal mark are studied. Preliminary results suggest that the rigorous simulations are substantially different from the one-dimensional Fresnel approximations that have been used previously.
Elastic behavior of open-cell alumina

The elastic constants of open-cell aluminas were measured as a function of their relative density and cell size. The density exponent was found to be in excellent agreement with previous theoretical work that considered cell strut bending as a major deformation mode. The measured constants in the elastic behavior relationships were found to be less than previously suggested, and it was found that this factor is sensitive to the microstructure of the cell struts, especially porosity within these struts. The materials studied were found to contain soem closed cells, but these were not found to have a major effect on the elastic behavior. The values of Young's modulus and the shear modulus depended on the relative density in the same way, and this is consistent with previous theoretical work which showed that Poisson's ratio should be independent of density.
Tocotrienols induce IKBKAP expression: a possible therapy for familial dysautonomia.

Familial dysautonomia (FD), a neurodegenerative genetic disorder primarily affecting individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, is caused by mutations in the IKBKAP gene which encodes the IjB kinase complex-associated protein (IKAP). The more common or major mutation causes aberrant splicing, resulting in a truncated form of IKAP. Tissues from individuals homozygous for the major mutation contain both mutant and wild-type IKAP transcripts. The apparent leaky nature of this mutation prompted a search for agents capable of elevating the level of expression of the wild-type IKAP transcript. We report the ability of tocotrienols, members of the vitamin E family, to increase transcription of IKAP mRNA in FD-derived cells, with corresponding increases in the correctly spliced transcript and normal protein. These findings suggest that in vivo supplementation with tocotrienols may elevate IKBKAP gene expression and in turn increase the amount of functional IKAP protein produced in FD patients. 2003Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Translating the simulation of procedural drilling techniques for interactive neurosurgical training.

BACKGROUND: Through previous efforts we have developed a fully virtual environment to provide procedural training of otologic surgical technique. The virtual environment is based on high-resolution volumetric data of the regional anatomy. These volumetric data help drive an interactive multisensory, ie, visual (stereo), aural (stereo), and tactile, simulation environment. Subsequently, we have extended our efforts to support the training of neurosurgical procedural technique as part of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons simulation initiative. OBJECTIVE: To deliberately study the integration of simulation technologies into the neurosurgical curriculum and to determine their efficacy in teaching minimally invasive cranial and skull base approaches. METHODS: We discuss issues of biofidelity and our methods to provide objective, quantitative and automated assessment for the residents. RESULTS: We conclude with a discussion of our experiences by reporting preliminary formative pilot studies and proposed approaches to take the simulation to the next level through additional validation studies. CONCLUSION: We have presented our efforts to translate an otologic simulation environment for use in the neurosurgical curriculum. We have demonstrated the initial proof of principles and define the steps to integrate and validate the system as an adjuvant to the neurosurgical curriculum.
REEVALUATION OF THE HOLLANDER TEST

Summary More than twenty years have elapsed since Hollander introduced a procedure for testing vagal function, yet the technique, and particularly the interpretation, of the test is still being modified in an effort to establish its value for determining the completeness of vagotomy. There is no proof that continuous gastric aspiration with determination of total acid output has any advantage over Hollander's original method of intermittent aspiration and determination of acidity only. It is probable that a two-hour basal period and a two-hour post-insulin collection or sampling of the gastric content will provide all the information necessary to make a decision regarding the presence or absence of vagal innervation to the stomach in the majority of cases. There remains a considerable number of post-vagotomy patients in whom the interpretation of the test continues to present problems, and it is in this area that further refinements of the procedure are required. The possibility of recurrence of extra-gastric peptic ulcer disease after complete vagotomy would seriously limit the value of the Hollander test. On the basis of the evidence to date, recurrent ulcer is either a rare development in a patient with a repeatedly negative Hollander test, or cases of this type are not being reported. Methods for evaluating the adequacy of vagotomy without the use of insulin have been advocated; whether these will prove superior to the Hollander test as now performed remains for further experience to determine.
Critical Power for Vanishing of Isolated Nodes in Wireless Networks with Log-Normal Shadowing

In this paper, we study the connectivity of multihop wireless networks with the log-normal shadowing model by investigating the critical transmission power required by each node for asymptotic vanishing of the isolated notes in the network. The vanishing of isolated nodes is not only a prerequisite but also a good indication of network connectivity. All previous known work on network connectivity under such a shadowing model were obtained only based on simulation studies or ignoring the important boundary effect to avoid the challenging technical analysis, and thus cannot be applied to any practical wireless networks. It is extremely challenging to take the complicated boundary effect into consideration under such a realistic model because the transmission area of each node is an irregular region other than a circular area. We assume the wireless nodes are represented by a Poisson point process with density n over a unit-area disk. With the complicated boundary effect taken into consideration, we first derive an explicit formula for the expected number of isolated nodes in the network. This explicit formula allows people to control the expected number of isolated nodes by tuning the node density or even the transmission power, and thus the desired level of network connectivity can be expected. Then we give an upper bound and a lower bound of the critical transmission power for asymptotic vanishing of the isolated nodes. Our upper and lower bounds for the critical transmission power used by each node are almost tight.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Testicular Cancer: A Clinician’s Perspective

Testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) include seminoma and nonseminoma. Chance of cure is excellent for clinical stage I disease regardless of whether adjuvant treatment or a surveillance strategy with treatment only for those who relapse is used. Risk of recurrence is greater in nonseminoma with evidence of lymphovascular invasion, but most can be salvaged with chemotherapy and survival rates remain high. This article outlines key pathologic and clinical considerations in clinical stage I seminoma, nonseminoma, advanced disease, and assessment of cancer of unknown primary as a potential GCT.
Synthesis and Structure of Cationic Phosphine Gold(I) Enol Ether Complexes

Cationic {[(t-Bu)2(o-biphenyl)P]Au(enol ether)}+SbF6– and {[(t-Bu)3P]Au(enol ether)}+SbF6– complexes were isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. For three of the four complexes characterized in the solid state, gold coordinates to the electron-rich bond in a η1 fashion, while a 2,3-dihydrofuran complex displays η2 coordination.
Application of DSSA in EW System Control

Domain engineering, which is based on component and DSSA, has led to a great progress of software industry. For its features: requirement reuse, design reuse and code reuse, it becomes hot point as a productive software development methodology. This paper introduces basic concept of domain engineering and basic software development process adopting domain engineering, after that it also discusses DSSA and basic components in EW system control domain.
Some operators associated with Rarita–Schwinger type operators

In this article, we study some operators associated with the Rarita–Schwinger operators. They arise from the difference between the Dirac operator and the Rarita–Schwinger operators. These operators are called remaining Rarita–Schwinger operators. They are based on the Dirac operator and projection operators I − P k , where P k is a projection operator used to define the k-th Rarita–Schwinger type operator. The fundamental solutions of the remaining Rarita–Schwinger operators are harmonic polynomials, homogeneous of degree k. First we study the remaining Rarita–Schwinger operators and their representation theory in Euclidean space. Second, we can extend the remaining Rarita–Schwinger operators in Euclidean space to the sphere under the Cayley transformation.
Characteristics of arginase from the fresh-water crayfish, Cambarus bartoni

Abstract 1. 1. Arginase occurs in soluble and particulate fractions of the hepatopancreas, abdominal muscle and thoracic wall of the crayfish. 2. 2. Arginase from the thoracic wall has a molecular weight of 225,000, a K m of about 3 mM, is inhibited by excess arginine, displays an arginase : canavanase ratio of about 3, was only slightly and not consistently stimulated by exogenous manganese, was stable to dialsis, displayed a pH optimum around 9 and is classifiable as a sulfhydryl enzyme. 3. 3. None of the characteristics of arginase observed to date can be correlated with a particular mode of nitrotelism.
Ontology and the Political Project: Cornelius Castoriadis

For those who emerged from the political upheavals of the ‘New Left’ in the early 1970s, it has become at once more difficult and easier to be a Marxist. The difficulties are evident: numerical decline of the industrial working class as well as its depoliticization and domination by labor bureaucrats; the impossibility of deluding oneself about the heirs of 1917 and the kind of society they have instituted in the Soviet Union and its satellite states; and the seeming displacement of the axis of contradiction to the Third World, leaving only a vague cultural malaise at home that can be easily co-opted and ephemeral. The paradox is that precisely these difficulties make Marxism more attractive. Blocked in practical politics, Marxism offers a theory of the ‘essential’ course and agency of history. It defines the nature of revolution, condemning all reformism. The absence of an industrial proletariat leaves the political intellectual both a theoretical and a practical task: the empirical appearances must be interpreted critically in order to discover their essential structure; at the same time, these foundational structures must be translated into practical propositions whose aim is not simply reforms for their own sake but projects whose realization points to human possibilities beyond the immediate good they can bring.
Disruption of type 3 adenylyl cyclase expression in the hypothalamus leads to obesity

Evidence from human studies and transgenic mice lacking the type 3 adenylyl cyclase (AC3) indicates that AC3 plays a role in the regulation of body weight. It is unknown in which brain region AC3 exerts such an effect. We examined the role of AC3 in the hypothalamus for body weight control using a floxed AC3 mouse strain. Here, we report that AC3 flox/flox mice became obese after the administration of AAV-CRE-GFP into the hypothalamus. Both male and female AC3 floxed mice showed heavier body weight than AAV-GFP injected control mice. Furthermore, mice with selective ablation of AC3 expression in the ventromedial hypothalamus also showed increased body weight and food consumption. Our results indicated that AC3 in the hypothalamus regulates energy balance.
Proteasome Inhibitor Combination with Cytarabine or Arsenic Trioxide Can Potentiate Apoptosis in AML Cells.

Proteasome inhibitors block degradation of the NF-κB regulator, IκB, resulting in inhibition of NF-κB nuclear localization. Proteasome inhibitors have been tested in the setting of refractory acute leukemia, with proteasome inhibition demonstrated within leukemic blasts. Arsenic trioxide (AsO 3 ) has also been shown to inhibit NF-κB in leukemia. Since NF-κB is constitutively activated in primitive AML cells and serves as a regulator of many genes which encode proliferative and survival responses, we have begun to explore the effects of AsO 3 and bortezomib (PS-341, Velcade TM ), on AML cell lines and primary cells. The farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs) also inhibit AML proliferation, and their effects in combination with bortezomib have also been explored. Because FTIs may inhibit signal transduction pathways independent of those affected by NF-κB inhibition, and because FTIs may indirectly inhibit NF-κB function via Akt inhibition, the effects of combining these agents with other NF-κB agents on AML cells in vitro have also been explored. Bortezomib, at concentrations of 4nM or greater, inhibited NF-κB in AML cell lines and primary cells as did AsO 3 at concentrations of 1 nM or greater. NF-kappa B was measured by ELISA for p65 NF-κB activity. The nonpeptidomimetic FTI, R115777 (J&J), did not inhibit NF-κB at concentrations up to 100 nM, concentrations which effectively inhibit farnesylation of target proteins, whereas the FTI, L-744832 (Merck), was able to inhibit NF-κB expression at 1 μM from 24 to 72 hours of exposure. In the HL60 cell line, inhibited by FTI and bortezomib independently, the combination did not appear to have additive or synergistic effects. Furthermore, the effects of combined exposure to FTI and bortezomib on expression of activated caspase 3 or activated PARP cleavage were no greater than with bortezomib alone. Likewise, combination effects on expression of phosphorylated AKT or ERK were not observed. In contrast, the combination of bortezomib and AsO 3 resulted in decreased phospho-ERK expression and increased expression of cleaved PARP, suggesting increased apoptosis. When cytarabine, 100 nM was combined with bortezomib at 1 to 4 nM, no effect on timing of administration was noted, and apoptosis was increased with the combination as evidenced by an increase in cleaved PARP expression. Greater inhibition of proliferation was seen with this combination than with individual agents as demonstrated in MTT assays with combination index calculations suggesting synergism. With this combination, co-culture with an endothelial monolayer did not prevent the increased apoptosis noted with combined cytarabine and bortezomib. These studies suggest that future studies combining proteasome inhibition with standard chemotherapeutic agents or with other inhibitors of NF-κB like Arsenic trioxide may have greater antileukemic activity by inducing apoptosis in AML cells in vivo as well as in vitro, without obvious limitations of other targeted agents and drugs that are extruded by multridrug resistance transporters.
Noncontact measurements of acoustic emissions from the single-point turning process

Single-point turning is a fabrication process that is fundamental to manufacturing, comprising a significant portion of value-added operations. Vibration at the tool/workpiece interface affects surface finish, residual stress, and chemical reactivity of machined components. This phenomenon also affects tool life and therefore production cost. The study and measurement of this phenomenon has traditionally been done using a transducer in contact with the cutting tool or is in line with the cutting tool/tool holder assembly. While this setup has been acceptable for laboratory studies, implementation on actual production platforms has not been widespread, with open loop machine tool parameter control still being the norm. The goal of this study involves the use of a noncontact transducer (microphone) to gauge detectability and measurability of machine tool vibration attributable to the single-point turning process performed on a manual lathe situated in a shop floor environment. Such measures as characterization of the frequency content transmitted and the sound pressure level measured while machining a group of materials of interest are quantified and discussed. The results of the work show that the acoustic energy attributable to single-point turning is detectable using the noncontacting sensor, producing energy mostly in the ultrasonic (f > 20 kHz) range. Individual materials of interest (M42 tool steel, tungsten tantalum alloy, aluminum 6061, and Nitronic 33 stainless steel) are shown to emit distinct frequency signatures when excited using identical process parameters. Potential sources of ultrasonic acoustic emission are postulated and discussed, along with control of the turning process using the acoustic signal as an input and selected process parameter changes as the output.
Enhanced sensitivity to ultralight bosonic dark matter in the spectra of the linear radical SrOH

Time variations of the proton-to-electron mass ratio are signatures of ultralight dark matter particles coupling to ordinary matter. The authors propose to use laser-cooled SrOH molecules to search for such signals to exquisite precision.
Desarrollo de dispositivo para determinar las fuerzas en la unión socket-muñón en pacientes con amputación transfemoral

This article discusses the development of a device for determining forces in the union socket-stump determination of forces in the union socket-stump to real patients; the method used was by a data acquisition performed in 3 patients, each one with a transfemoral amputation condition level, Flexiforce sensors were used, which they were distributed in different areas within the prosthesis. Through the Labview software and card data acquisition Arduino; It was performed for each patient a series of tests during the human gait cycle, which has the graphic result of strength and phase of the gait cycle, having in common that the phase with greater force recorded is the stance phase of monopodal made by the prosthesis.
The Retail Cost of Antihypertensive Therapy: Physician and Patient as Educated Consumers

The retail cost for antihypertensive medication in the Cincinnati area was examined using a questionnaire sent to 20 local pharmacies asking them to provide the cost to the patient for a 30-day supply of medication. Six pharmacies responded, providing a detailed list of drug prices. The price for a given drug varies considerably from pharmacy to pharmacy, with generics having the greatest variability. There are also large differences between agents within a drug class, leading to overlap between classes. Some diuretics and beta-blockers are more expensive than angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or calcium-channel blockers. For some agents a dose increase costs nothing, whereas for others it dramatically increases the cost. The price structure for antihypertensive agents is complex. Without detailed and current information, a physician will find it difficult to estimate the cost of a given prescription.
Probing the structural and functional domains of the CFTR chloride channel

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) forms an anion-selective channel involved in epithelial chloride transport. Recent studies have provided new insights into the structural determinants of the channel's functional properties, such as anion selectivity, single-channel conductance, and gating. Using the scanning-cysteine-accessibility method we identified 7 residues in the M1 membrane-spanning segment and 11 residues in and flanking the M6 segment that are exposed on the water-accessible surface of the protein; many of these residues may line the ion-conducting pathway. The pattern of the accessible residues suggests that these segments have a largely alpha-helical secondary structure with one face exposed in the channel lumen. Our results suggest that the residues at the cytoplasmic end of the M6 segment loop back into the channel, narrowing the lumen, and thereby forming both the major resistance to ion movement and the charge-selectivity filter.
Mapping the literature of pediatric nursing.

Background: Pediatric nurses work in an interdisciplinary field and face ever-increasing demands on their time and knowledge. Selection tools for librarians serving this group are available, but only one bibliometric analysis has examined citations to aid collection development. Method: The “Mapping the Literature of Nursing Project” protocol was used. Three source journals were selected, and a citation analysis of articles from 1998 to 2000 was conducted. Results: The frequency of journal citation was tabulated, and a list of the most frequently cited journals was created. Just over 1% of the cited journals produced 33% of the citations. PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Citation Index, and Social Sciences Citation Index provided the most complete indexing coverage of all types of the journals, while CINAHL providing the most complete coverage of nursing journals. Books were the second-most frequently cited format. Conclusions: Citation analysis of journal articles from pediatric nursing journals may be helpful in selecting journals for libraries serving pediatric nurses and those who conduct pediatric nursing research. Librarians should consider adding indexes to their collection in addition to PubMed/MEDLINE to access the broad range of journals useful to this specialty.
T-cells recognize IA conformation in the interaction with antigen presenting cells.

The presentation of soluble antigens by antigen presenting cell (APC) to T-cells requires that the antigen be recognized in the context of an Ia determinant (Shevach and Rosenthal, 1973). Although the T cell antigen receptor has been identified and sequenced (Hedrick et al., 1984; Fink et al., 1986), the nature of the ligand that triggers the T cells remains unclear. The early experiments of Lin et al. (1981) and Michaelides et al. (1983) using the IA mutant strain of mouse B6.C-H-2 bml 2 (bm1 2) demonstrated that limited alteration of the Ia molecule concomitantly led to changes in the response pattern of T-cells to soluble antigens. Specifically, it was shown that bml 2 lost immune responsiveness to the antigens beef insulin and H-Y while their responses to other antigens remained normal when compared to the wild type C57BL/6. Besides providing convincing evidence equating Ia to the Ir gene product, these experiments also suggest that there are multiple funcitonal domains (Beck et al., 1983) on the Ia molecule that by some unknown mechanisms determine responsiveness to certain antigens. Indeed, this conclusion is consistent with other studies using a variety of approaches such as monoclonal antibody blocking (Frelinger et al., 1984), site-directed mutagenesis (Cohen et al., 1986), in vitro selection of variant APC lines (Glimcher et al., 1983b) and inhibition of specific antigen response with structurally related co-polymers (Benacerraf and Rock, 1984). More recently, Babbitt and coworkers (1985) using biochemical methods demonstrated a weak but measurable physical association between a hen egg lysozyme antigenic fragment and purified Ia molecules. This association was demonstrated for Ia derived from responder strains but not that from non-responder strains. In another analysis, Ashwell and Schwartz (1986) also provided arguments that antigen and Ia physically interacted to form a ternary complex recognizable by the T-cell antigen receptor.
Principal components methodology – A novel approach to forecasting production from liquid-rich shale (LRS) reservoirs

Abstract With increasing global demand for energy, the importance of unconventional shale oil and gas research cannot be over-emphasized. The oil and gas industry requires rapid and reliable means of forecasting production. Existing traditional decline curve analysis (DCA) methods have been limited in their ability to satisfactorily forecast production from unconventional liquid-rich shale (LRS) reservoirs. This is due to several causes ranging from the complicated production mechanisms to the ultra-low permeability in shales. The use of hybrid (combination) DCA models can improve results. However, complexities associated with these techniques can still make their application quite tedious without proper diagnostic plots, correct use of model parameters and some knowledge of the production mechanisms involved. This work, therefore, presents a new statistical data-driven approach of forecasting production from LRS reservoirs called the Principal Components Methodology (PCM). PCM is a technique that bypasses a lot of the difficulties associated with existing methods of forecasting and forecasts production with reasonable certainty. PCM is a data-driven method of forecasting based on the statistical technique of principal components analysis (PCA). In our study, we simulated production of fluids with different compositions for 30 years with the aid of a commercial compositional simulator. We then applied the Principal Components Methodology (PCM) to the production data from several representative wells by using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to calculate the principal components. These principal components were then used to forecast oil production from wells with production histories ranging from 0.5 to 3 years, and the results were compared to simulated data. Application of the PCM to field data is also included in this work. This study provides fresh initiatives into how production forecasting from unconventional LRS reservoirs can be done in a different way.
Modeling of Corrosion Protection Provided by an Aluminum-Based Clad Exposed to Atmospheric Conditions

A computational mass transport framework for occluded region corrosion was extended to study alloys exposed to the thin electrolytes characteristic of atmospheric corrosion. Of interest were the interactions of an aluminum-clad layer with its Al-substrate in the vicinity of a scratch. The model focuses on open circuit conditions and local galvanic couples. Accurate electrochemical kinetics for metallic clad and bare AA2024-T3 are used, including the observed decrease in the pitting potential with increasing chloride concentration. The model has been applied to studies of the parameters that affect the throwing power of metallic claddings (e.g., scratch size, [Cl - ], i pass, i dl). Two geometries were investigated: a 1-D model and a square sample (two spatial dimensions) with a scribed cross, the latter simulating to what is usually done experimentally in exposure testing. A quantitative computation of the throwing power of metallic cladding on AA2024-T3 in thin electrolytes was achieved, including the effect of the criterion for scratch protection. For the base case of electrochemical behavior studied, a loss of protection ability was observed between a scratch size of 50 μm and 500 μm for the most conservative protection criterion ( i.e. , protection is achieved when the potential of all points in the scratch is at or below the pitting potential of the cladding). When a less conservative protection criterion is used, the size of the scratch that can be protected increased to between 500 μm and 3500 μm. The metallic cladding modeling also demonstrated the equivalence of reducing the ipass of the clad or increasing the idl for oxygen reduction on the AA2024-T3 on the size of the scratch that can be protected. A less than linear dependence was found between these parameters and the scratch size that can be protected. An order of magnitude reduction in i pass (or increase in idl) led to a decrease of anywhere from 40% to 90% in the scratch size that was protected. Two competing effects of increasing the chloride concentration in the thin electrolyte were observed. Higher chloride concentrations increased the throwing power (due to increased conductivity), but they also lowered the pitting potential of both the cladding and the base material. In our simulations, the former dominated the latter, indicating better protection of scratches at higher chloride concentrations, with the extent of the effect depending on the protection criterion used.
Analysis and Approximation of Gradient Flows Associated with a Fractional Order Gross–Pitaevskii Free Energy

We establish the well-posedness of the fractional PDE which arises by considering the gradient flow associated with a fractional Gross–Pitaevskii free energy functional and some basic properties of the solution. The equation reduces to the Allen–Cahn or Cahn–Hilliard equations in the case where the mass tends to zero and an integer order derivative is used in the energy. We study how the presence of a non-zero mass affects the nature of the solutions compared with the Cahn–Hilliard case. In particular, we show that, analogous to the Cahn–Hilliard case, the solutions consist of regions in which the solution is a piecewise constant (whose value depends on the mass and the fractional order) separated by an interface whose width is independent of the mass and the fractional derivative. However, if the average value of the initial data exceeds some threshold (which we determine explicitly), then the solution will tend to a single constant steady state.
Real-World Evidence from the Integrative Medicine Primary Care Trial (IMPACT): Assessing Patient-Reported Outcomes at Baseline and 12-Month Follow-Up

Purpose. The University of Arizona Integrative Health Center (UAIHC) was an innovative membership-supported integrative medicine (IM) adult primary care clinic in Phoenix, Arizona. UAIHC delivered healthcare using an integrative medicine model that combined conventional and complementary medical treatments, including nutrition, mind-body medicine, acupuncture, manual medicine, health coaching, educational classes, and groups. Results from pre-post evaluation of patient-reported outcomes on several standardized measures are presented here. Methods. UAIHC patients completed surveys at baseline and after 12 months of continuous integrative primary care. Patients reported on perceived changes in health outcomes as measured by Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12 general, mental, and physical health), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS4), Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (WPAI), World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5), Pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Fatigue Severity Scale (VAS; FSS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD2), Patient Health Questionnaire for depression (PHQ2), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global rating of sleep quality, and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS; nutrition, exercise, and physical activity). Overall differences between time points were assessed for statistical significance. Patient demographics are also described. Results. 177 patients completed baseline and follow-up outcome measures. Patients were predominantly white, female, college-educated, and employed. Baseline to one-year follow-up results indicate statistically significant improvements (p < .05) on all but perceived stress (PSS-4) and work absenteeism (WPAI). Clinical impact and/or practical effects are reported as percent change or standardized effect sizes whenever possible. Other demographic and descriptive information is summarized. Conclusions. Following one year of IM primary care at UAIHC, patient-reported outcomes indicated positive impacts in several areas of patients’ lives: mental, physical, and overall health; work productivity; sleep quality; pain; fatigue; overall well-being; and physical activity.
Neonatal Diet Impacts Bioregional Microbiota Composition in Piglets Fed Human Breast Milk or Infant Formula.

Background Early infant diet influences postnatal gut microbial development, which in turn can modulate the developing immune system. Objectives The aim of this study was to characterize diet-specific bioregional microbiota differences in piglets fed either human breast milk (HM) or infant formula. Methods Male piglets (White Dutch Landrace Duroc) were raised on HM or cow milk formula (MF) from postnatal day (PND) 2 to PND 21 and weaned to an ad libitum diet until PND 51. Piglets were euthanized on either PND 21 or PND 51, and the gastrointestinal contents were collected for 16s RNA sequencing. Data were analyzed using the Quantitative Insight into Microbial Ecology. Diversity measurements (Chao1 and Shannon) and the Wald test were used to determine relative abundance. Results At PND 21, the ileal luminal region of HM-fed piglets showed lower Chao1 operational taxonomic unit diversity, while Shannon diversity was lower in cecal, proximal colon (PC), and distal colon (DC) luminal regions, relative to MF-fed piglets. In addition, at PND 51, the HM-fed piglets had lower genera diversity within the jejunum, ileum, PC, and DC luminal regions, relative to MF-fed piglets. At PND 21, Turicibacter was 4- to 5-fold lower in the HM-fed piglets' ileal, cecal, PC, and DC luminal regions, relative to the MF-fed piglets. Campylobacter is 3- to 6-fold higher in HM-fed piglets duodenal, ileal, cecal, PC, and DC luminal regions, in comparison to MF-fed piglets. Furthermore, the large intestine (cecum, PC, and rectum) luminal region of HM-fed piglets showed 4- to 7-fold higher genera that belong to class Bacteroidia, in comparison to MF-fed piglets at PND 21. In addition, at PND 51 distal colon lumen of HM-fed piglets showed 1.5-fold higher genera from class Bacteroidia than the MF-fed piglets. Conclusions In the large intestinal regions (cecum, PC, and rectum), MF diet alters microbiota composition, relative to HM diet, with sustained effects after weaning from the neonatal diet. These microbiota changes could impact immune system and health outcomes later in life.
δ-Opioid receptor as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.

Ischemic stroke is a global epidemic condition due to an inadequate supply of blood and oxygen to a specific area of brain either by arterial blockage or by narrowing of blood vessels. Despite having advancement in the use of thrombolytic and clot removal medicine, significant numbers of stroke patients are still left out without option for treatment. In this review, we summarize recent research work on the activation of δ-opioid receptor as a strategy for treating ischemic stroke-caused neuronal injury. Moreover, as activation of δ-opioid receptor by a non-peptidic δ-opioid receptor agonist also modulates the expression, maturation and processing of amyloid precursor protein and β-secretase activity, the potential role of these effects on ischemic stroke caused dementia or Alzheimer’s disease are also discussed.
In the Realm of Haunting Ghosts: Denying the Existence of Substance Abuse in Medicare Home Health

Purpose: There is extensive literature on the significance of substance use, misuse, and abuse among the elderly in the United States. A literature review indicates no studies on the nature, significance, or impacts of the lack of substance use and abuse coverage in Medicare home health.Method: The current study is an initial, exploratory study to address the literature gap, based on interviews of a convenience sample of 37 home care nurses between January 2013 and May 2014 in the New York City metropolitan area.Results: Nurses believe substance use and abuse occurs frequently among Medicare home health patients; substance use and abuse is not assessed and treated professionally in Medicare home health; the lack of coverage in Medicare home health results in exacerbation of existing patient physical and mental health conditions, which, in turn, worsen substance use and abuse conditions; the homebound requirement and lack of coverage of transportation and personal care assistants limits home care patients ability to obtain outpatient substance use and abuse treatment; and lack of home-based assessment and treatment contributes to increased home care readmissions, re-hospitalizations, and increased caregiver burden.Discussion: The new PDGM system, which begins January 2020, provides an ideal opportunity for representatives of the home care, social work, and substance use professional associations to assert the need to change coverage and reimbursement requirements to allow for a more evidence-based approach to assess and treat Medicare home health patients with substance use challenges.