cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ENERGY TRANSFER AMONG THE CHROMOPHORES OF C‐PHYCOCYANIN FROM Anabaena variabilis USING STEADY STATE AND TIME‐RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY

We have investigated the model of energy transfer between sensitizing (s) and fluorescing (f) chromophores for the αβ monomer and for the separated α and β subunits of C-phycocyanin from Anabaena variabilis using fluorescence emission spectroscopy, fluorescence excitation polarization, and picosecond-resolved fluorescence decay kinetics. The fluorescence emission maximum occurs at 640 nm for all samples. The fluorescence excitation polarization is constant (P= 0.40) across the absorption hand for the α subunit, but it increases across the absorption band towards longer wavelength for the β subunit and the αβ monomer. The fluorescence decay kinetics exhibit two exponential lifetimes of 1.3-1.5 ns and 340-500 ps for the αβ monomer and for the α and β subunit preparations. We attribute the change in polarization across the absorption band to energy transfer among the three chromophores in the αβ monomer and among the two chromophores in the separated β subunit. The constant, relatively high polarization in the separated a subunit, having only one chromophore, is consistent with the absence of both energy transfer and chromophore rotation. The concentration of the α subunit did not affect the decay kinetics, suggesting that the short lifetime component does not arise from aggregation of the α subunits. The biexponential decay kinetics of the α subunit cannot be explained using the sensitizing-fluorescing model. The possibility of conformational interactions is under investigation.
CNTFR α alone or in combination with CNTF promotes macrophage chemotaxis in vitro

Microchemotaxis chambers were used to investigate whether one aspect of ciliary neurotrophic factor CNTF's role as a lesion factor might be to promote the initial early recruitment of macrophages, which express the signal transducing receptor components, gp130 and LIFRbeta. CNTFRalpha alone, or in combination with CNTF, elicited concentration-dependent macrophage chemotaxis that was inhibited by a neutralizing gp 130 antibody. IL-6, but not LIF, similarly promoted gp 130-dependent macrophage chemotaxis. Stimulation of macrophages with either CNTFRalpha in combination with CNTF or IL-6 alone resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of an approximately 130 kD protein, presumed to be gp130. Macrophage chemotaxis induced by the combination of CNTFRalpha and CNTF was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by wortmannin, LY294002 or PD98059, suggesting the involvement of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling proteins. As CNTFRalpha and CNTF are present, or have immediate access to nerves after injury, these data point to the possibility that this soluble receptor alone or in combination with its ligand may promote the initial early recruitment of macrophages in vivo.
Gray squirrel density, habitat suitability, and behavior in urban parks

Increased density, increased intraspecific aggression, and a reduced fear of humans have been suggested as the more observable and frequently described character- istics of wildlife species undergoing synurbization, the process of becoming urbanized. The relationship among these variables and how they may be related to environmental variables that change with urbanization is poorly understood. In this paper we explore the relationship between density, intraspecific aggression, and reduced fear of humans in urban populations of gray squirrel. In the summer and fall of 2003 and 2004, we studied a park with a documented high density of gray squirrels, Lafayette Park, Washington, DC, and six urban parks in Baltimore, MD with unknown squirrel densities. We used linear regression (SAS Institute, SAS/STAT user's guide. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, 2005 )t o determine if there was a relationship (P<0.05) between squirrel density and intraspecific aggression, squirrel density and reduced fear of humans (wariness), and squirrel density and habitat suitability. We found a positive association between density and intraspecific aggression (R 2 =0.81, P<0.00). A negative relationship between density and wariness (R 2 ¼ 0:71, P<0.00). However, no relationship was evident between habitat suitability and squirrel density (R 2 ¼� 0:50, P=0.437).
The Chernobyl Disaster: An International Perspective

The most important human issue in industrial crisis management remains the health and safety of people, both as individuals and of large populations at risk. The events of Three Mile Island, Bhopal, and Tylenol evolved—in large measure—as local or national crises, and responses to cope with these events were primarily local and national. In contrast, the catastrophic accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the Soviet Ukraine elicited major international responses, particularly from Western European and American authorities, for a critical period before the Soviet Union admitted openly that an accident had occurred. While the event of Chernobyl signifi cantly affected a sizeable worker population and residents in the immediate vicinity, it had an adverse but lesser impact on the rest of the Soviet Union, Europe, Asia, and North America. This paper provides some background on the accident, examines how large amounts of radioactive materials were re leased into the environment, how they may have fou...
Improving the visual quality of commercial development at the rural–urban fringe

Rapid growth at the rural–urban fringe has resulted in increased commercial development along arterial roads connecting cities and the countryside. These developments, often termed “commercial strips” or “linear commercial complexes”, are characterized by a mix of many different types of businesses that often lack any separation from the road, spatial definition, or natural features such as trees. The result is too often an open, barren, confusing setting with little aesthetic appeal. Could a change in the design of the commercial setting or the addition of natural features improve the visual quality of the roadway at the rural–urban fringe? This study examines the extent to which local citizens prefer various development patterns for a roadway corridor at the fringe of a medium-sized community. Participants responded to a photo-questionnaire that included images of alternative design treatments for the roadside and written items dealing with visual quality. The results revealed moderate preference for the existing condition that showed a typical Midwestern US agricultural setting. The addition of various types of commercial development to the settings caused preference ratings to plummet. However, the addition of trees to the commercial development scenes increased preference ratings substantially. In fact, this low cost alteration in the design not only caused preference ratings to rebound, but actually exceed the ratings for the existing condition. Ratings were higher still for scenes in which trees were added to the existing condition. The findings suggest that nature plays an important role in the aesthetics of developed settings at the rural–urban fringe, and that trees in particular can be used to improve visual quality. This study has implications for the design of roadways and commercial developments at the fringe. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Macroinvertebrate instream flow studies after 20 years: A role in stream management and restoration

Over the past two decades of refinement and application of instream flow evaluations, we have examined the hydraulic habitat of aquatic macroinvertebrates in a variety of conditions, along with the role of these macroinvertebrates in sustaining ecosystem integrity. Instream flow analyses assume that predictable changes in channel flow characteristics can, in turn, be used to predict the change in the density or distribution of lotic species or, more appropriately, the availability of useable habitat for those species. Five major hydraulic conditions most affect the distribution and ecological success of lotic biota: suspended load, bedload movement, and water column effects, such as turbulence, velocity profile, and substratum interactions (near-bed hydraulics). The interactions of these hydraulic conditions upon the morphology and behavior of the individual organisms govern the distribution of aquatic biota. Historically, management decisions employing the Physical Habitat Simulation (PHABSIM) have focused upon prediction of available habitat for life stages of target fish species. Regulatory agencies have rarely included evaluation of benthos for flow reservations. Although taxonomic discomfort' may be cited for the reluctant use or creation of benthic criteria, we suggest that a basic misunderstanding of the links between benthic macroinvertebrate and the fish communities is still a problem. This is derived from the lack of a perceived value' that can be assigned to macroinvertebrate species. With the exception of endangered mussel species (for which PHABSIM analysis is probably inappropriate), this is understandable. However, it appears that there is a greater ability to predict macroinvertebrate distribution (that is, a response to the change in habitat quality or location) and diversity without complex population models. Also, habitat suitability criteria for water quality indicator taxa (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera; the so-called EPTs') may also provide additional management options to stream regulators. The greatest application for macroinvertebrate criteria will be in low-order streams where a more immediate link to fish communities can be established. We present an example from Queens Creek, in North Carolina, USA, in which monthly allocations required to preserve the integrity of the benthic macroinvertebrate community were significantly higher than for the target benthic fish species, Cottus bairdi. In the months when both Cottus and community diversity of macroinvertebrates were the bottleneck' life stages, preservation of only fish species could result in an additional 5-25% loss in macroinvertebrate habitat. We suggest that, as there becomes an increased emphasis on maintaining macroinvertebrates as monitors of stream health, there will be a concurrent emphasis on incorporating hydraulic habitat conditions as a part of bioassessment.
Acoustic reflections from undulating surfaces

We recently investigated the behavior of acoustic wave reflection in a medium with a single rough interface with acoustic speed V1(V3) and densityρ1(ρ3) above (below) the interface (Lerche and Hill, 1985). We used mean‐field techniques (Howe, 1971; Karal and Keller, 1964; Frisch, 1968) to find a closed‐form expression for the mean reflected field, and in particular we examined the case where the roughness is on a much smaller scale than the wavelength of the incident energy. We derived a closed‐form expression which is accurate to second order in roughness height.
Drift control in variable bitrate wireless channels for scalable wavelet based video coding in the overcomplete discrete wavelet transform domain

In this work, we propose a novel scheme to minimize drift in scalable wavelet based video coding, which gives a balanced performance between compression efficiency and reconstructed quality with less drift. Our drift control mechanism maintains two frame buffers in the encoder and decoder; one that is based on the base layer and the one that is based on the base plus enhancement layers. Drift control is achieved by switching between these two buffers for motion estimation and compensation and base layer information is used for predicting enhancement layers. Our coder is designed for variable bit rate wireless channels and offers high compression efficiency and sustained video quality.
High quality factor silica microspheres functionalized with self-assembled nanomaterials

With extremely low material absorption and exceptional surface smoothness, silica-based optical resonators can achieve extremely high cavity quality (Q) factors. However, the intrinsic material limitations of silica (e.g., lack of second order nonlinearity) may limit the potential applications of silica-based high Q resonators. Here we report some results in utilizing layer-by-layer self-assembly to functionalize silica microspheres with nonlinear and plasmonic nanomaterials while maintaining Q factors as high as 107. We compare experimentally measured Q factors with theoretical estimates, and find good agreement.
Transitional Cluster Development: A Case Study From the New York Wine Industry

A number of economic development studies have examined established wine industries around the world using Porter’s cluster model. This article uses Porter’s cluster model to study the strengths and...
Beyond Precision: Morality, Decision Making, and Collateral Casualties.

(2005). Beyond Precision: Morality, Decision Making, and Collateral Casualties. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology: Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 17-39.
Early detection and prognosis of ovarian cancer using serum YKL-40.

Purpose YKL-40 is a secreted glycoprotein (chitinase family). We compared YKL-40 with two ovarian cancer serum markers, CA125 and CA15-3, for the detection of early-stage ovarian cancer. Materials and Methods Serum YKL-40 levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 46 healthy subjects, 61 high-risk individuals, 33 patients with benign gynecologic processes, and 50 preoperative patients subsequently diagnosed with predominantly early-stage ovarian cancer. Serum CA125 and CA15-3 values were obtained. Results Median YKL-40 level was 28 ng/mL (range, 15 to 166 ng/mL) for healthy subjects, 36 ng/mL (range, 9 to 69 ng/mL) for high-risk individuals without prior cancer, 44.5 ng/mL (range, 5 to 133 ng/mL) for high-risk patients with prior breast cancer, and 38 ng/mL (range, 5 to 67 ng/mL) for individuals with benign gynecologic processes (P = NS). Median preoperative YKL-40 level for ovarian cancer patients was 94 ng/mL (range, 17 to 517 ng/mL; P < .0001 compared with normal and high-risk). YKL-4...
Developing Lightweight, Data-Driven Exploratory Geo-Visualization Tools for the Web

This paper details efforts to development a set of prototype, web-based geovisualisation tools. The focus is on design and implementation of lightweight tools that can run in standard web browsers and access data, stored in a remote database. The web geo-visualisation tools incorporate several standard exploratory spatial data analysis methods, including linked brushing and interactive animation. These tools are constructed using Macromedia Flash, a commercial software application that produces content for the web using a publicly available file specification called SWF. The advantages and disadvantages of Flash for geovisualisation are discussed. One advantage is that it supports links to remote databases. Accordingly, the use of XML as the communication syntax for the geovisualisation tool-to-database link is discussed. Two solutions to dynamic database access have been implemented, one using a stand-alone Java server and the other using Java servlet technology; the advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed.
A Two-Emitter Transistor with a High Adjustable Alpha

The current amplification, ?, of a point contact transistor can be increased to values in excess of 20 by the addition of a third point contact which is biased so as to act as an emitter. The amount of increase in ? can be adjusted by varying the second emitter current. A qualitative explanation of the ? enhancement is discussed which involves an internal positive feedback action that varies the hole transport factor, s, associated with the second emitter as the first emitter current is changed. The effect of varying the second emitter-to-collector spacing is discussed and experimental results are given.
Analog computation with continuous ODEs

Demonstrates simple, low-dimensional systems of ODEs that can simulate arbitrary finite automata, push-down automata, and Turing machines. We conclude that there are systems of ODEs in R/sup 3/ with continuous vector fields possessing the power of universal computation. Further, such computations can be made robust to small errors in coding of the input or measurement of the output. As such, they represent physically realizable computation. We make precise what we mean by "simulation" of digital machines by continuous dynamical systems. We also discuss elements that a more comprehensive ODE-based model of analog computation should contain. The "axioms" of such a model are based on considerations from physics. >
Disruption of cell polarity by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli enables basolateral membrane proteins to migrate apically and to potentiate physiological consequences.

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) disrupts the structure and barrier function of host intestinal epithelial tight junctions (TJs). The impact of EPEC on TJ "fence function," i.e., maintenance of cell polarity, has not been investigated. In polarized cells, proteins such as beta(1)-integrin and Na(+)/K(+) ATPase are restricted to basolateral (BL) membranes. The outer membrane EPEC protein intimin possesses binding sites for the EPEC translocated intimin receptor (Tir) and beta(1)-integrin. Restriction of beta(1)-integrin to BL domains, however, precludes opportunity for interaction. We hypothesize that EPEC perturbs TJ fence function and frees BL proteins such as beta(1)-integrin to migrate to apical (AP) membranes of host cells, thus allowing interactions with bacterial adhesins such as intimin. The aim of this study was to determine whether EPEC alters the polar distribution of BL proteins, in particular beta(1)-integrin, and if such redistribution contributes to pathogenesis. Human intestinal epithelial T84 cells and EPEC strain E2348/69 were used. Selective biotinylation of AP or BL membrane proteins and confocal microscopy showed the presence of beta(1)-integrin and Na(+)/K(+) ATPase on the AP membrane following infection. beta(1)-Integrin antibody afforded no protection against the initial EPEC-induced decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) but halted the progressive decrease at later time points. While the effects of EPEC on TJ barrier and fence function were Tir dependent, disruption of cell polarity by calcium chelation allowed a tir mutant to be nearly as effective as wild-type EPEC. In contrast, deletion of espD, which renders the type III secretory system ineffective, had no effect on TER even after calcium chelation, suggesting that the putative beta(1)-integrin-intimin interaction serves to provide intimate contact, like that of Tir and intimin, making translocation of effector molecules more efficient. We conclude that the initial alterations of TJ barrier and fence function by EPEC are Tir dependent but that later disruption of cell polarity and accessibility of EPEC to BL membrane proteins, such as beta(1)-integrin, potentiates the physiological perturbations.
Cold-Water Marine Aquaculture in Maine: Current Impact and Ex-Ante Potential

Abstract This paper estimates the current economic impact and future potential of cold-water marine finfish aquaculture in Maine. Salmon farming currently accounts for nearly 86% of the total value of state production. In 2001, 13,202 mt of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, were produced in Maine, generating US$63.7 million in revenue and an additional US$32.7 million in indirect and induced economic activity. In addition, alternative cold-water finfish species are under evaluation for commercial aquaculture including haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, and Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hip-poglossus. Important constraints to culture of alternative species are identified through an ex-ante assessment of the early culture of haddock. Overall, capital formation is the most important constraint due to high risk and uncertainty on the rate of return to investment.
Silver nanowire-based transparent, flexible, and conductive thin film

The fabrication of transparent, conductive, and uniform silver nanowire films using the scalable rod-coating technique is described in this study. Properties of the transparent conductive thin films are investigated, as well as the approaches to improve the performance of transparent silver nanowire electrodes. It is found that silver nanowires are oxidized during the coating process. Incubation in hydrogen chloride (HCl) vapor can eliminate oxidized surface, and consequently, reduce largely the resistivity of silver nanowire thin films. After HCl treatment, 175 Ω/sq and approximately 75% transmittance are achieved. The sheet resistivity drops remarkably with the rise of the film thickness or with the decrease of transparency. The thin film electrodes also demonstrated excellent flexible stability, showing < 2% resistance change after over 100 bending cycles.
Small-Scale Sea Surface Temperature Structure

Abstract Observations of sea surface temperature and wave height were made from a large, manned spar buoy (R/P FLIP) ∼100 km off the coast of Baja California. Surface temperature was measured with a radiation thermometer which viewed a disc on the surface 12 cm in diameter. The instrument responded to frequencies up to 3 Hz. Wave height was measured with a resistance gage located close to the field of view of the radiometer. Log-log plots of spectra of sea surface temperature exhibit a plateau between 0.05 and 0.5 Hz, followed by a rapid decrease in energy at frequencies >1 Hz. A coherence of 0.5 between waves and surface temperature occurs at the same frequency as the peak in the wave spectrum. Phase spectra show that warm temperatures associated with the thinning of the surface viscous layer occur systematically upwind of the crests of the dominant gravity waves and downwind of the crests of steeply sloping, shorter period gravity waves. The warm temperatures are hypothesized to be caused by enhanced wi...
Artificial agonadism and hormone replacement for oocyte donation

Use of donor oocytes appears to enhance the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) by avoiding the adverse effects of ovarian stimulation on the recipient endometrium. In a donor egg recipient with menstrual function, we created an agonadal state with leuprolide acetate followed by hormonal replacement to allow precise synchronization with the donor. Her second transfer cycle resulted in a triplet pregnancy
Über Wunden, Gasbrand und Sekundären Shock

Lebende Kaninchen wurden mit Stammen von Histamin bildenden Gasbacillen infiziert. Aus den Geweben dieser Tiere konnte Histamin isoliert werden.
The influence of ammonia on purine and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis in rat liver and brain in vitro.

1. The effect of ammonia on purine and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis was studied in rat liver and brain in vitro. The incorporation of NaH14CO3 into acid-soluble uridine nucleotide (UMP) in liver homogenates and minces was increased 2.5–4-fold on incubation with 10mm-NH4Cl plus N-acetyl-l-glutamate, but not with either compound alone. 2. The incorporation of NaH14CO3 into orotic acid was increased 3–4-fold in liver homogenate with NH4Cl plus acetylglutamate. 3. The 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate content of liver homogenate was decreased by 50% after incubation for 10min with 10mm-NH4Cl plus acetylglutamate. 4. Concomitant with this decrease in free phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate was a 40–50% decrease in the rates of purine nucleotide synthesis, both de novo and from the preformed base. 5. Subcellular fractionation of liver indicated that the effects of NH4Cl plus acetylglutamate on pyrimidine and purine biosynthesis required a mitochondrial fraction. This effect of NH4Cl plus acetylglutamate could be duplicated in a mitochondria-free liver fraction with carbamoyl phosphate. 6. A similar series of experiments carried out with rat brain demonstrated a significant, though considerably smaller, effect on UMP synthesis de novo and purine base reutilization. 7. These data indicate that excessive amounts of ammonia may interfere with purine nucleotide biosynthesis by stimulating production of carbamoyl phosphate through the mitochondrial synthetase, with the excess carbamoyl phosphate in turn increasing pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis de novo and diminishing the phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate available for purine biosynthesis.
Perspective: The Motivation of Scientist and Engineers

The purpose of this article is to bring together a summary of research on motivation of scientists and engineers in combination with data from interviews with ten scientists and engineers in a larg...
Crystal Structures of EumgF4, SmMgF4 and SrMgF4

Crystal structures of EuMgF4 and SrMgF4 were determined using a computer-controlled x-ray powder diffractometer. Single crystal growth has been unsuccessful to date because the materials melt incongruently. It was initially assumed that these fluorides had structures similar to that of BaMgF4 described by Keve, Abrahams and Bernstein, who reported an orthorhombic structure Ama2. We found these compounds to be centrosymmetric; they were assigned to space group Cmcm.
Internationalized Intersectional Experiential Learning Environments That Go Beyond U.S. Contexts Malaysia as a Case Example

Despite significant growth and development of the counseling profession, there continues to be less emphasis placed upon systemically oriented training and counseling approaches that consider international contexts. Experts have identified a need to tailor culturally congruent couples and family-based approaches to specific international sociocultural contexts, and therefore couples, marriage, and family counselors in training (CMFC-ITs) need to be better prepared to collaborate with clients from diverse backgrounds and cultures. Intersectional experiential learning environments are suggested as a means to encourage students to consider how they might approach couples and family counseling in diverse international contexts. Experiential learning environments have the potential to promote knowledge, cross-cultural awareness, and skill acquisition for CMFC-Its, while simultaneously advancing dialogue regarding the training and practice of systems-based international counseling approaches through collaborati...
Thoughts on the Condition of Industry Transfer,Chain-development of Small-medium Enterprises in China

With the deepening trend of economic globalization,the transfer scope of the manufacturing industry led by transnational corporation is continually expanding.At the same time,the further development of the domestic small and medium enterprises is restricted and industrial upgrading pressure increases due to the constraint of cost and government energy-saving emission reduction effects.Therefore,labor-intensive and capital-intensive industries' gradient transfer from east coast to West is at a faster rate.The new round of industrial transfer presents many new characteristics and the development trend is evident in the industrial matching,accelerated chain transfer,which is beneficial to the small-l and medium-sized enterprises with a certain amount of pressure and risk.Moreover,the system of industry transfer and related phenomena causes the change from competition between individual enterprises to the competition between the industrial chains,which embodies the advantages of industrial clusters and the importance.Therefore,small-and medium-sized enterprises should be based on the core enterprise in the industry chain,coordinative development,chain of production network or system,the creation of sustainable competitiveness.
Blood component therapy. Giving what the patient needs.

The cornerstone of blood component therapy is to give only what the patient needs. In most cases this is packed erythrocytes, not whole blood. Use of packed cells avoids the potentially life-threatening problem of circulatory overload and makes the rest of the blood available for other therapeutic purposes.
Full-Body Portable Virtual Reality for Personal Protective Equipment Training

This paper presents a full-body, portable virtual reality prototype for training personal protective equipment procedures to surgical staff. The system consists of a head-mounted display for viewing the virtual world, inertial measurement units that track the user’s full-body movements, and handheld controllers for bimanual interactions. With these capabilities, our system affords the development of gross psychomotor skills, in addition to knowledge-based cognitive skills. The system hardware is designed to be portable and does not require a dedicated space for usage. The system software includes two training modules. An instructional module uses an error-avoidant training approach to teach trainees correct actions. A practice module uses an error-management approach that allows trainees to rehearse their skills while receiving automated assessments on their mistakes. Future work includes an evaluation of the prototype with medical subject-matter experts.
The Dining Room Classroom

I taught some writing classes for an adult education program at an expensive private college. The director of the program decided to solicit an alumni donation because she had a plan. She wanted a seminar table for the small room at the back of the building that housed the program office.
Study of Doppler Scan Parameters for Ovarian Masses

Ovarian mass represents a common problem in clinical practice. Colour Doppler imaging with pulsed Doppler spectral analysis improves the characterization of ovarian masses by means of blood flow measurements obtained from tumour vessels. Total 150 patients were included in the study. Parameters taken in Colour Doppler were flow study, vessel arrangement, and vessel morphology and vessel location. Parameters considered in spectral Doppler were resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI). Only 114 (76%) ovarian masses showed colour flow Out of total patients 52% belong to reproductive age group. Out of 114 ovarian masses 44.7% have normal flow,vessel morphology was noted normal in 65.8% and abnormal in 34.2% cases and vessel arrangement was seen regular in 63.2% while random in 36.8% ovarian masses.ovarian masses with RI ≤ .40 was recorded in 34.2% while PI ≤ 1.0 was recorded in 76.3% cases.
What’s Wrong with Solidarity?

The concept of solidarity is both a descriptive and a normative concept. It purports to describe the network of communal relationships from which we derive and that define who we are. It purports, as well, to prescribe our moral and political obligations to that network of communal relationships. We assert five theses with regard to solidarity.
Segmentation of images into regions using edge information

A method for segmenting aerial images using edge information to create regions of similar or smoothly varying intensity is discussed. Region segmentation using edges directly as input cannot be successful because boundaries are seldom perfectly closed. In the present method, we preprocess the edge image to close gaps and create a binary image from which we extract the connected regions. We compare the results obtained with this method and a traditional region-splitting method for 2 different views of an aerial scene.
The Assessment of Anxiety and Depression in Children

Methods for the assessment of anxiety in children have a longer history than do methods for the assessment of childhood depression. The concept of anxiety in children has been accepted in psychology for a number of years, but the theoretical notion of childhood depression met with considerable resistance until quite recently. Now that the idea of childhood depression is generally accepted, however, a number of assessment techniques are appearing in the literature, even though most of these are still in the developmental stage.
Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Dielectrics

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of dielectrics. Chemically reactive, low-pressure glow discharge plasmas have been used to form a number of coating materials employed in microelectronics and other applications. The key advantage of plasma-assisted reactions is that they can occur at temperatures that are usually considerably lower than are possible with thermal reactions alone. As a result, it is possible to deposit or grow films on substrates that might not have the thermal stability to accept such coatings. It has been shown that PECVD reactions typically produce nonstoichiometric films that may or may not be advantageous in terms of physical and/or chemical properties, depending on the applications contemplated. The lower deposition temperatures for PECVD dielectric films have, thus, far been the major driving forces for their use.
Imaging characteristics of a high-resolution transformable PET camera

1791 Objectives: We have developed a high resolution transformable PET camera that can be transformed from a whole-body PET (83-cm ring, 13-cm axial FOV, 87 slices) to a brain and breast PET (54-cm diameter, 21-cm axial FOV, 143 slices). The system has been constructed and is being tested for its imaging characteristics for the different modes. Methods: The camera has 12 rectangular detector modules, and the detector gap between adjacent modules is very small and remains constant for different configurations. Each module has a detection area of 13 × 21 cm with 3,168 BGO detector crystals of 2.7 mm × 2.7 mm × 18 mm with the built-in front-end electronics. To improve spatial sampling, the gantry rotates 30 deg with 1-deg step for each position and the high speed electronics and detector modules also rotates with the gantry. It uses only 924 photomultipliers (round) by usinging the low-cost high-resolution PMT-quadrant-sharing detector design. In the brain mode, the long 21-cm axial FOV allows the brain and the carotid arteries to be imaged concurrently for imaging the arterial input for quantifying tracer kinetics. In the breast mode, it can image either both breasts or one breast with axilla lymph nodes depending on the tilting angle of the gantry. The imaging resolution, detection sensitivity and count-rate performance were measured for the different modes. 3-D brain phantom imaging studies were also performed and compared for the diffent modes. Results: The central transaxial image resolution is 2.9 mm (3.3 mm) in the brain/breast mode (wholebody mode). The average axial resolution is 3.1 mm. The average transaxial resolution at 10-cm off-center is 4 mm for both the brain and wholebody modes. The point-source sensitivity at the center is 9.2% for the brain/breast mode and 4.2% for the wholebody mode. The 3-D brain phantom images acquired in the brain and wholebody modes clearly shows the higher image quality of the brain mode reflecting the effect of higher sensitivity and resolution. Conclusions: The transformable high resolution PET has been developed and is functional. Both its hardware and software are still being optimized and improved. The high resolution and flexibility of the transformable design may provide more optimal imaging than a fixed geometry wholebody PET.
Peripheral Thrombolysis of Arterial Distribution

Since the introduction of selective catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy for vascular occlusions in the 1970s, the clinical applications of this form of therapy have grown to include a host of different vascular structures. This chapter will review the salient features of catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy of the native and the bypass components of a peripheral arterial system using clinical cases.
The Influences of Impressed Electrical Fields at EEG Frequencies on Brain and Behavior

In the search for functional correlates of information processing in brain tissue, early interest in the electroencephalogram proved disappointing. Although phenomena such as blocking of the alpha rhythm with eye closing and visual attention (Berger 1929, Adrian 1947) were quickly recognized, it has remained for much later studies with sophisticated computer analyses and pattern-recognition techniques to reveal EEG correlates of decision-making (Elazar and Adey 1967; Hanley, Walter, Rhodes, and Adey 1968), of psychological stress in hostile questioning (Berkhout, Walter, and Adey 1969), and of difficult perceptual tasks (Walter, Kado, Rhodes, and Adey 1967). Even though the latter studies have revealed EEG signatures for groups of subjects as well as for individuals, clear evidence has been lacking that would assign a causal role to the EEG in information processing. Indeed, it has been widely considered as a “noise” in cerebral tissue, having no direct physiological role, even though it could be correlated with specific behavioral states, including the brief epochs that accompany decision-making and perception, and even though these correlates might be reliable indicators of quite subtle differences, such as correct versus incorrect task performance at a later time (Hanley, Walter, Rhodes, and Adey 1968), or of opening versus closing of the hand in a phantasied motor performance (Nirenberg, Hanley, and Stear 1971).
Abstract 3165: PI 3-kinase-beta regulates invadopodia maturation and beta-1 integrin signaling

The invasion of tumors cells during metastasis is mediated by invadopodia, actin rich protrusive organelles that secrete matrix metalloproteases and mediate matrix degradation. The PI3K-beta isoform of PI 3-kinase, which is regulated by both receptor tyrosine kinases and GPCRs, is an important regulator of invadopodia formation. We have previously reported that in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, replacement of endogenous PI3K-beta with kinase dead (p110-beta K799R ; KD) or GPCR-uncoupled (p110-beta 526KK-DD ; KK-DD) mutants leads to defects in gelatin degradation. We have now studied the mechanism by which loss of PI3K-beta signaling affects invadopodia formation and matrix degradation. While the number of invadopodia precursors (cortactin-Tks5 positive, degradation negative) is unaffected by mutation of PI3K-beta, formation of mature invadopodia (cortactin-Tks5 positive, degradation positive) is reduced in cells expressing KK-DD and KD PI3K-beta. Previous studies have demonstrated a role for beta-1 integrins in invadopodia maturation, and PI3K-beta has been implicated in integrin signaling in platelets. We therefore tested whether mutation of PI3K-beta would affect integrin signaling in breast cancer cells. In a haptotaxis assay, MDA-MB-231 cells expressing KD or KK-DD PI3K-beta showed a significant decrease in migration. Consistent with these data, cell spreading on collagen I was significantly impaired in cells expressing KD or KK-DD PI3K-beta, and was inhibited by TGX221 (PI3K-beta inhibitor) and LY294002 (pan-PI3K inhibitor), but not by specific inhibitors of other Class I PI3Ks (alpha, delta and gamma). Spreading was also impaired in cells treated with pertussis toxin, which blocks GPCR activation of PI3K-beta. To distinguish whether PI3K-beta was acting on integrins by inside-out versus outside-in mechanisms, we treated cells with the activating beta-1 integrin antibody TS2/16, which bypasses inside-out regulation of integrin binding. TS2/16 increased cell spreading on collagen I, but TS2/16-stimulated spreading was blocked by treatment of cells with TGX221, suggesting that PI3K-beta acts downstream of beta-1 integrins. Finally, to determine whether PI3K-beta was involved in beta-1 integrin signaling in invadopodia, we plated cells on high density fibrillar collagen (HDFC), which enhances invadopodia formation through beta-1 integrin activation. Invadopodia formation on HDFC was blocked by treatment of cells with TGX221. In summary, beta-1 integrin signaling in the context of invadopodia requires GPCR signaling to PI3K-beta. We propose that GPCR activation of PI3K-beta is a critical downstream component of beta-1 integrin signaling in invadopodia. Citation Format: Zahra Erami, Anne R. Bresnick, Jonathan M. Backer. PI 3-kinase-beta regulates invadopodia maturation and beta-1 integrin signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3165.
Factors Associated With Self-Selected Step Rate in High School Cross Country Runners.

ABSTRACT Luedke, LE, Heiderscheit, BC, Williams, DSB, and Rauh, MJ. Factors associated with self-selected step rate in high school cross country runners. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1141-1148, 2021-Recommendations for step rate, or cadence, during distance running come from varying perspectives including performance, running economy, and injury risk. Studies of adult runners suggest that running experience and leg length may influence step rate, but limited evidence is available on factors that influence adolescent runner step rates. The purpose was to evaluate relationships between running experience, anthropometric factors, and lower extremity muscle strength with self-selected step rate in adolescent runners. Sixty-eight high school cross country runners (47 young women; age 16.2 ± 1.3 years) reported height, body mass, and running experience. Mean step rate was assessed at 3.3 m·s-1 and self-selected (mean 3.8 ± 0.5 m·s-1) speeds. Leg length and peak isometric strength of the hip abductors, knee extensors, and flexors were also measured. Step rates at 3.3 m·s-1 {r (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 0.44 [0.22, 0.61], p 0.05). Adolescent runners with greater running experience displayed higher step rates. Hence, the lower step rates in runners with less experience may factor in the higher injury risk previously reported in novice runners. Runners with shorter leg length displayed higher step rates. Step rate recommendations should consider runner experience and anthropometrics.
How Well Can Medicare Records Identify Seniors with Cognitive Impairment Needing Assistance with Financial Management

Aging countries should have an interest in policies to assist older beneficiaries in managing finances when there is a need. This project investigated the value of Medicare records as a guide to identifying persons with cognitive impairment in need of assistance with financial management. It used data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) on persons 65 and older, who consented to linkage to Medicare records at a rate of approximately 90 percent. Sampling weights were adjusted to account for linkage rates. The HRS survey data provided direct evidence on cognitive impairment and difficulty managing finances. The Medicare records are an imperfect guide to cognitive impairment as a medical diagnosis. About 40 percent of persons with impairment consistent with dementia are not identified in Medicare, and about 40 percent of persons with a diagnosis in Medicare records do not have impairment that severe. The records are even worse as a guide to who perceives or is perceived by others as needing assistance with financial management. Outside of institutional settings, Medicare records identify fewer than half the people needing assistance with financial management, and point to a substantial number of people who say they do not. The use of Medicare records alone to identify older beneficiaries in need of assistance with financial management would lead to substantial errors in coverage.
IMPACT OF CONTRACTILE RESERVE BY DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN LOW-GRADIENT AORTIC STENOSIS WHO UNDERWENT AORTIC VALVE PROCEDURE

The impact of contractile reserve (CR) by dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) on cardiac function and clinical outcomes following aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients with low-gradient aortic stenosis (AS) and reduced ejection fraction (EF) is unclear. We studied 124 patients (mean age
Ammonia oxidation by cell-free extracts of Nitrosocystisoceanus☆

Abstract Cell-free extracts prepared by rupturing cells of Nitrosocystis oceanus in the presence of seawater, Tris, ATP, magnesium, and phosphate oxidize ammonia to nitrite.
La formalidad del juego

Lectura e interpretacion de un territorio mayoritariamente autogestionado. Produccion de habitabilidad formal en suelos institucionalmente informales. Evolucion del concepto de informalidad como accion no atenida a normas.
Leaving benefits on the table: Evidence from SNAP

Abstract Many social insurance programs require that beneficiaries periodically re-verify eligibility, allowing officials to identify ineligible applicants but risking the loss of eligible applicants who do not complete these requirements. While many states have invested in simplified verification procedures to reduce that risk, the extent of exit among eligible beneficiaries and the efficacy of these simplifications is not well established. This paper uses administrative data from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) to establish three facts. First, retention in SNAP is low, with approximately one-half of entering cases leaving in the first year. Second, qualitative evidence and quantitative simulations suggest that approximately half of those who exit in the first year remain eligible. Third, using the staggered roll-out of an online case management tool in Michigan, I find that this simplification reduced the rate of long-term exit at key verification dates by almost 2pp (12%). These facts suggest that eligible retention is very incomplete, and that ongoing simplification efforts increase retention among eligible beneficiaries.
Experimental investigation of gravity-driven film flow inside an inclined corrugated pipe

Gravity-driven film flow through an inclined corrugated pipe is experimentally investigated following field observations of unsteady, periodic flow patterns. Initial experiments confirmed surging flow at the pipe outlet as originally observed in the field. Fluorescence imaging of the film flow inside the pipe was then applied to examine the traveling wave behavior that leads to surging flow at the outlet. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of traveling wave behavior in film flow in a corrugated pipe. The effect of flow rate and angle of inclination was studied in both experiments, with the characteristics of the traveling waves becoming the focus of the investigation. Similar to film flows over two-dimensional periodic topography, a statically deformed free surface with a wavelength approximately equivalent to the corrugations developed at all flow rates and angles examined with an amplitude that increased with angle of inclination. In contrast to film flows over two-dimensional periodic topography, the statically deformed free-surface amplitude was independent of the flow rate. Comparative to some two-dimensional studies, traveling waves developed from ambient noise through a strongly selective process. Traveling waves were observed to be approximately nondispersive and having nearly constant frequency and wavelength regardless of the flow rate or angle of inclination. The consistency in traveling wave character with changes in the angle and flow rate seems stronger than that seen for two-dimensional flows. Comparisons with large-scale flow applications, such as stepped spillways, indicate similarities in flow behavior that should be studied further.
Financial toxicity among breast cancer survivors with health insurance.

12073Background: Cancer treatment and its sequelae have been associated with financial toxicity in breast cancer survivors, particularly those who have no health insurance. However, the prevalence ...