cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Patrol Car Allocation Model: Background

Before designing a computer program for allocating police patrol cars by time and geography, a review was undertaken of previously existing programs of this type. Nearly all of the programs calculated queuing statistics for the collection of patrol cars by assuming a steady-state system with calls for service arriving within priority levels according to Poisson processes and having independent, identical, exponentially distributed service times. Unavailabilities of patrol cars for reasons other than calls for service were handled in the models either by artificially increasing the arrival rate of calls or by assuming that the number of servers is smaller than the number of patrol cars. Some programs calculated additional performance measures such as travel times and preventive patrol frequencies. All the programs had the capabilities to describe performance statistics for an allocation proposed by the user, but they differed in their capabilities to prescribe desirable allocations. None of the programs had achieved general acceptance because each had virtues and inadequacies not present in the others.
The effects of selected nitrogen compounds on the growth of plant tissue cultures

Carrot phloem explants, growing and dividing rapidly in a nutrient medium containing coconut milk, synthesize a protein which, like collagen in animals, is rich in hydroxyproline and quite inert metabolically. Hydroxyproline strongly inhibits the growth of such tissues, the l forms of both allohydroxyproline and hydroxyproline being more inhibitory than the d forms. Chemical alteration of the hydroxyproline molecule markedly reduces this inhibitory effect, i.e. the inhibition is quite specific. The inhibition by hydroxy-l-proline is reversed by enzymic casein hydrolysate and only by l-proline of the eight l-amino acids tried. Among twelve inhibitors demonstrated, six are structurally related to proline, and like hydroxy-l-proline, are much less inhibitory in the presence of proline. Of the other six inhibitors, azaserine is not antagonized by glutamine, hydroxy-l-lysine is antagonized by l-lysine, 5-hydroxytryptophan is antagonized by tryptophan and canavanine by arginine. No antagonist is yet known for the most powerful inhibitor of all, gramicidin-S, sulphate. In addition to the twelve inhibitors, six partial inhibitors were found and sixty substances which were tested showed no growth inhibition. These results are interpreted in terms of the effects of the substances in question on protein metabolism.
Cylindrical waveguide evanescent field ellipsometry

The recent use of fiber optic waveguides for biochemical analyses is based mainly on light intensity changes. Waveguide evanescent field ellipsometry (WEFE) is proposed for biosensor applications. The WEFE is based on the principle of ellipsometry. A laser beam coupled into the waveguide propagates in the waveguide with two fundamental modes with transverse electric fields parallel and perpendicular to the sensing surface. The evanescent waves interact with the adsorbed or conjugated layer of biomolecules, producing changes in the relative phase and amplitude upon interaction. The ellipsometric parameters change with biomolecule adsorption or conjugation on the sensing surface. From the ellipsometric parameter changes, we can estimate the surface concentration and thus the concentration of the biomolecules in solution. The principles of WEFE including light propagation in the waveguide, ellipsometry parameter analysis, the WEFE arrangement, materials and methods, and preliminary experimental results are presented.
Measurement of Fluid Velocity Gradients Using Laser‐Doppler Techniques

Two methods are developed for the measurement of fluid velocity gradients using a laser‐Doppler anemometer. In the first method the velocity gradient is found by a single measurement of the bandwidth of the laser‐Doppler signal spectrum. In the second, velocity gradients very close to a wall are calculated from the amount the signal spectrum shifts in frequency for a small change in the position at which the spectrum is measured. Both methods are examined theoretically and experimentally.
Oxytocin maintains as well as initiates female sexual behavior: Effects of a highly selective oxytocin antagonist

In previous studies, central administration of the oxytocin (OT) antagonist d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)2, Thr4, Tyr-NH(9)2]OVT (OTA1) blocked receptive and proceptive components of female sexual behavior (FSB) and increased male-directed agonistic behavior when given before progesterone (P) treatment in estradiol-primed female rats but not when given shortly before behavioral testing 4-6 h after P. Because the considerable V(1a) antagonist potency of OTA1 may have contributed to these results, we tested the effects of the far more selective OT antagonist desGly-NH2, d(CH2)5[d-Tyr2, Thr4]OVT (OTA2). In ovariectomized, estradiol benzoate-primed (1 microg x 2 days sc) rats, icv infusion of OTA2 (1 microg) prior to P injection (250 microg sc) significantly suppressed lordosis and hops and darts and trended toward significantly increasing male-directed kicks during testing at 4 and 6 h. Infusion of OTA2 3 h and 40 min after P did not alter behavior at 4 and 6 h after P but significantly decreased lordosis as well as hops and darts and increased male-directed kicks 8-12 h after P. These results provide further evidence that central OT receptor activation shortly after P treatment contributes to the subsequent onset and early expression of FSB and demonstrate, for the first time, that OT receptor activation at later time points also contributes to maintaining FSB. The FSB-stimulating effect of central OT appears to persist for several hours.
A New $A_n$ Extension of Ramanujan's ${}_1\psi_1$ Summation with Applications to Multilateral An Series

In this article we derive some identities for multilateral basic hypergeometric series associated to the root system An. First, we apply Ismail's [15] argument to an An q-binomial theorem of Milne [25, Theorem 5.42] and derive a new A n generalization of Ramanujan's 1 ψ 1 summation theorem. From this new A n 1 ψ 1 summation and from an A n 1 ψ 1 summation of Gustafson [9], we deduce two lemmas for deriving simple An generalizations of bilateral basic hypergeometric series identities. These lemmas are closely related to the Macdonald identities for An. As samples for possible applications of these lemmas, we provide several An extensions of Bailey's 2 ψ 2 transformations, and several An extensions of a particular 2 ψ 2 summation.
Lack of Sleep in the Workplace: What the Psychologist-Manager Should Know About Sleep

Lack of sleep and/or untreated sleep disorders have serious consequences for productivity, safety, health, and quality of life. Despite this, sleep needs tend to be ignored by American culture in general and corporate culture in particular. This article describes the implications of insufficient or inefficient sleep for workplace functioning and the ways in which workplace characteristics affect sleep. Poor sleep costs businesses directly through lost productivity, compromised physical or emotional health, impaired cognition, accident rates and absences, and indirectly through such factors as poor morale, poor social relationships, and depression. A number of steps that businesses can take to improve employees' sleep and their health—and, ultimately, their productivity—are offered.
Internal state variable description of dynamic fracture of ductile solids

Abstract The paper aims at the description of ductile fracture phenomenon in dynamic processes in inelastic solids by means of internal state variable structure. Dynamical test data for aluminum and copper have been discussed. Particular attention is given to postshot photomicrographic observations of the residual porosity and on investigation of fracture mechanisms and spalling phenomenon. Spalling process has been described as a sequence of the nucleation, growth and coalescence of microvoids. Heuristic considerations of the growth and nucleation of microvoids are presented General evolution equation for porosity parameter is postulated. This equation describes the work-hardening viscoplastic response of solid and takes also account of the interactions of microvoids. An elastic-viscoplastic model of a material with internal imperfections is proposed. Internal imperfections are generated by the nucleation, growth and coalescence of microvoids. The model describes the dynamical behavior of dissipative solids observed experimentally as well as the mechanisms of fracture. A dynamical criterion of fracture (spalling) of metals is proposed. The criterion describes the dependence of fracture phenomenon upon the evolution of the constitutive structure. As an application of the theory the dynamic fragmentation process is considered. Prediction of fragment size is based on a very simple evolution equation assumed for the porosity parameter. The procedure of the determination of the interaction material functions has been developed.
Distribution of carbonaceous matter in lithofacies: impacts on HOC sorption nonlinearity.

Abstract Both the composition and distribution of the lithocomponents within an aquifer impact hydrophobic organic compound (HOC) transport. Using samples from the sandy, low fraction organic carbon content ( f oc ~ 0.02%) Borden aquifer, we demonstrate how HOC sorption is controlled by the carbonaceous matter (CM) associated with calcareous sedimentary lithocomponents. Two-point isotherms using perchloroethene (PCE) as a sorbate showed that medium-grained lithofacies have a broader range of K f (Freundlich coefficient), 1/n (Freundlich parameter) and f oc than fine-grained facies. Dual-mode (linear + Freundlich) sorption modeling, fraction inorganic carbon ( f ic ) and laboratory analyses confirm that both the magnitude and variability of PCE K d (sorption distribution coefficient) in the Borden aquifer are controlled by the presence of heterogeneous CM in dark and very dark carbonate lithocomponents. Laboratory analyses and model results confirmed that the CM type controlling PCE sorption behavior in the Borden aquifer is in a condensed form, likely kerogen, contained within the carbonate matrix of the grains. The dark carbonate grains comprise a small proportion of the aquifer sediment (≪ 1%) and are found predominantly in medium-grained lithofacies in the Borden aquifer. These results show that increased heterogeneity, HOC mass storage and sorption nonlinearity associated with medium-grained lithofacies impact HOC transport in historically contaminated sedimentary aquifers.
Encoding and Retrieval Processes in Normal Children and Retarded Adolescents.

Abstract Information processing capabilities of normal and retarded individuals were studied within the context of a modified Sternberg recognition memory task. Presentation of items in the memory set was self-paced, and stimulus exposure times and response latencies were recorded. It was found that normal and retarded individuals spent the same amount of time processing subspan lists during input to the memory system; however, the normal subjects spent less time retrieving information from that system than did the retarded subjects. Part of the superiority of normal subjects was attributable to their higher scanning speeds during the stimulus comparison stage of memory retrieval. The scanning strategy of normal and retarded subjects, on the other hand, was found to be the same: serial and exhaustive. It was further demonstrated that the binary decision stage of retrieval was not related to differences in intelligence.
An accurate numerical algorithm for stress integration with finite rotations

Abstract An accurate numerical algorithm for the integration of constitutive equations under both large deformations and/or large rotations is presented. The algorithm is based on the choice of the unrotated configuration as the frame of reference for all constitutive equations. The algorithm does not entail excessive computational time or memory expense. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated by several numerical examples.
Micrometastases in Sentinel Lymph Nodes: Not Getting Lost in Translation

Advances in technology have led to increasingly minimally invasive procedures and an increased ability to detect very small amounts of disease. With sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, initial concerns about false-negative results are now balanced with concerns of clinical false-positive results, defined as instances when small amounts of disease have no downstream clinical consequences. The evolution in carefully defining what constitutes clinically meaningful disease and necessary treatments is nicely illustrated in breast cancer. SLNs are considered positive if tumor cells meet a size threshold of 0.2 mm or 200 cells, although disease that is detected by cytokeratin immunohistochemistry alone (without confirmatory hematoxylin and eosin staining) still has somewhat unclear implications. Further, even in the setting of unequivocal disease in SLNs, there are increasing data to support not completing an axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Most notably, practicechanging results from the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 trial effectively demonstrated that ALND did not significantly affect overall or disease-free survival, heralding excellent locoregional control from multimodality treatment of patients with T1/2 invasive breast cancer and positive SLNs who are treated with lumpectomy, radiation therapy (including the low axilla), and adjuvant systemic therapy. 1
Current serum lipoprotein levels and fMRI response to working memory in midlife

Aims: Given that high cholesterol levels at midlife are a risk factor for future cognitive decline, the goal of the current study was to determine if cholesterol-related alterations in the cerebrovascular response to cognition could be detected at midlife. Methods: Forty adults, aged 40–60 years, performed a 2-Back working memory task during fMRI. The associations between serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol concentrations to task-related activation intensity were modeled using multivariate multiple regression (two-tailed p Results: Higher levels of total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol related to reduced working memory-related activation intensity in the left inferior parietal lobe, right superior frontal gyrus, and right middle frontal gyrus. Conclusion: These data provide preliminary support for a deleterious effect of elevated total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio on cerebrovascular support for cognition in midlife.
On Reading: Some Thoughts on the Old and the New

I have presented some of the problems on which the Orton Society has labored during the past three decades and some of the issues needing battle in the next three.
Application of a magnetic tracking device to kinesiologic studies

A magnetic position and orientation tracking system is currently available for the determination of the position and orientation of a sensor relative to a source by utilizing the principle of low-frequency magnetic field technology. The application of this system for biomechanical analysis of human movement is examined in this study. Studies of both planar particle motion and spatial rigid body motion based on Eulerian angle description and screw displacement axis description have been performed. The system has been found to be quite accurate and easy to use, and it would be a useful tool in kinesiologic research.
Non-Equilibrium Ionized Blast Wave

The structure of a cylindrical blast wave with ionization at non-LTE conditions was calculated using equations previously developed by Wu and Fu (1970). The degree of ionization was predicted by a modified Saha equation. Temperature profiles show that the temperature at non-LTE conditions is lower than at LTE near the shock front. This corresponds to a higher degree of ionization for the non-LTE limit, which indicates that the neutral gas absorption is much more efficient at non-LTE than at the LTE limit. The decaying velocity under non-LTE is approximately 15% less than under LTE.
Schistosome Invasion of Human Skin and Degradation of Dermal Elastin Are Mediated by a Single Serine Protease

Aquatic larvae (cercariae) of the trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni rapidly penetrate human skin by degrading host proteins including elastin. Two serine proteases, one chymotrypsin-like and the second trypsin-like, have been proposed to be involved. To evaluate the relative roles of these two proteases in larval invasion, both were purified, identified by sequence, and then biochemically characterized. The trypsin-like activity was resolved into two distinct serine proteases 76% similar in predicted amino acid sequence. Southern blot analysis, genomic polymerase chain reaction, and immunolocalization demonstrated that the trypsin-like proteases are in fact not from the schistosome, but are released with larvae from the snail host Biomphalaria glabrata. Invasion inhibition assays using selective inhibitors confirmed that the chymotrypsin-like protease is the enzyme involved in skin penetration. Its ability to degrade skin elastin was confirmed, and the three sites of cleavage within elastin help define a new family of elastases.
Social Stereotypes and Self-Concept in Black and White College Students

Abstract Favorability of racial and gender stereotypes and their relationship to self-concept was studied for 51 black and 66 white middle-class college students. They were administered the Katz and Braly (1933) adjective checklist and were told to describe themselves, black and white Americans, and women and men. Their ratings were then converted into favorability scores. Black and white students held more favorable stereotypes of their own racial group. In addition, own-race ratings were related to the self-concepts of black students, and own-gender stereotypes were unrelated to self-concept. The self-concept of the women was related to their ratings of men.
On the origin of spinning sidebands in MQMAS NMR experiments

Abstract We have recently demonstrated that a combination of multiple-quantum NMR and magic-angle spinning can provide high resolution spectra from half-integer quadrupolar nuclei. An interesting feature of these spectra is the appearance of extensive spinning sideband patterns along the indirectly detected dimension, whose origin is here discussed. It is shown that these sidebands arise even in the absence of explicit time modulations of any spin interactions, due to the orientation- and time-dependence characterizing the multiple- to single-quantum conversion process. An analytical formalism is developed to describe these effects, and corroborated by numerical calculations and NMR experiments.
Comprehensive Injury Research

Importance: Analysis of combat deaths provides invaluable epidemiologic and quality-improvement data for trauma centers and is particularly important under rapidly evolving battlefield conditions. Objective: To analyze the evolution of injury patterns, early care, and resuscitation among patients who subsequently died in the hospital, before and after implementation of damage control resuscitation (DCR) policies. Design, Setting, and Participants: In a review of the Joint Theater Trauma Registry (2002-2011) of US forward combat hospitals, cohorts of patients with vital signs at presentation and subsequent in-hospital death were grouped into 2 time periods: pre-DCR (before 2006) and DCR (2006-2011). Main Outcomes and Measures: Injury types and Injury Severity Scores (ISSs), timing and location of death, and initial (24-hour) and total volume of blood products and fluid administered. Results: Of 57 179 soldiers admitted to a forward combat hospital, 2565 (4.5%) subsequently died in the hospital. The majority of patients (74%) were severely injured (ISS > 15), and 80% died within 24 hours of admission. Damage control resuscitation policies were widely implemented by 2006 and resulted in a decrease in mean 24-hour crystalloid infusion volume (6.1-3.2 L) and increased fresh frozen plasma use (3.2-10.1 U) (both P Conclusions and Relevance: There has been a significant shift in resuscitation practices in forward combat hospitals indicating widespread military adoption of DCR. Patients who died in a hospital during the DCR period were more likely to be severely injured and have a severe brain injury, consistent with a decrease in deaths among potentially salvageable patients. JAMA Surg. 2014;149(9):904-912. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2014.940 Language: en
An efficient and secure authentication protocol using uncertified keys

Most authentication protocols for distributed systems achieve identification and key distributions on the belief that the use of a uncertified key, i.e. the key whose freshness and authenticity cannot be immediately verified by its receiving principal while being received, should be avoided during the mid-way of an authentication process. In this paper we claim that using a uncertified key prudently can give performance advantages and not necessarily reduces the security of authentication protocols, as long as the validity of the key can be verified at the end of an authentication process. A nonce-based authentication protocol using uncertified keys is proposed. Its total number of messages is shown to be the minimal of all authentication protocols with the same formalized goals of authentication. The properties which make the protocol optimal in terms of message complexity are elaborated, and a formal logical analysis to the protocol is performed. The protocol is extended to counter the session key compromise problem and to support repeated authentication, in a more secure and flexible way without losing its optimality.
The severity of psychiatric disorder

Abstract Evaluating the severity of psychiatric illness is important, but it involves many implicit hypotheses and models. To investigate empirically characteristics entering into judgements of severity, a representative sample of 217 patients hospitalized for the first time for functional psychiatric illness was studied. Results indicated that psychotic symptoms and bizarre disturbed behavior were more associated with severity than were depression, anxiety, and other nonpsychotic symptoms. There was a strong relationship between severity and a psychotic/non-psychotic dichotomy, but relatively little relationship between severity and diagnostic categories. Severity was also related to certain measures of chronicity and social function.
Retention and Nonretention of At-Risk Readers in First Grade and Their Subsequent Reading Achievement

Some of the specific reasons for the success or failure of retention in the area of reading were examined via an in-depth study of a small number of both at-risk retained students and comparably low skilled promoted children. Longitudinal data were collected as students went from first grade to either repeating first grade and through second grade, or from first through second grade. The children's development in phonemic awareness, spelling-sound knowledge, word recognition, and the ability to read words in their reading series was closely examined. In addition, the children's listening comprehension was examined, especially as it related to reading comprehension and intelligence. Findings suggested that children who finish first grade with poor word recognition skill may benefit from retention if they start the repeated year with increased phonemic awareness. But further growth in word recognition may be impaired in second grade unless spelling-sound knowledge continues to grow. Retention did not appear...
Fiber-optic microsensor array based on fluorescent bulk optode microspheres for the trace analysis of silver ions.

An optical microsensor array is described for the rapid analysis of silver ions at low parts per trillion levels. Because the ionophore o-xylylenebis(N,N-diisobutyldithiocarbamate) (Cu−I) was reevaluated and shown to exhibit excellent selectivity for silver ions, ion-selective electrode (ISE) membranes were optimized and found to exhibit the lowest reported detection limit so far (3 × 10-10 M). A corresponding Ag+-selective fluorescent optical microsensor array for the rapid sensing of trace level Ag+ was then developed. It was fabricated using plasticized PVC-based micrometer-scale fluorescent microspheres that were produced via a sonic particle casting device. They contained 156 mmol/kg Cu−I, 10 mmol/kg 9-(diethylamino)-5-[4-(15-butyl-1,13-dioxo-2,14-dioxanodecyl) phenylimino]benzo[a]phenoxazine (chromoionophore VII, ETH 5418), 2.3 mmol/kg 1,1‘ ‘-dioctadecyl-3,3,3‘,3‘-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (internal reference dye), and 14 mmol/kg sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate an...
Use of a previously undescribed elastic lamina of the serosa to characterize connective tissue hypertrophy of the rabbit bladder wall following partial outlet obstruction

Partial outlet obstruction of the rabbit urinary bladder was induced in New Zealand rabbits through surgical introduction of a silk ligature distal to the urethrovesicular junction. The consequence of this intervention is acute overdistension followed by severe bladder wall hypertrophy. In conjunction with physiological experiments, two additional animals were generated for histological evaluation at each of three time intervals after partial obstruction (1, 7, and 14 days), as well as six sham-operated and two normal subjects. Bladders were fixed in Bouin’s fluid and processed routinely for paraffin embedment. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), periodic acid Schiff (PAS), and elastin stains, and Mallory’s triple stain for connective tissue (CT). The results of this present study confirm and significantly expand previous reports of CT hypertrophy after partial outlet obstruction. After 14 days of partial obstruction the elastin stains showed a peculiar welldefined lamina of elastin buried in the wall of the bladder. In 7-day animals, the lamina is either buried as in 14-day bladders, covered with bands of collagenous CT, or associated with the serosa. The lamina is confiied to serosa in normal and sham operated animals and in partially obstructed animals, 24 hr after surgery. In normal and sham-operated animals the elastic lamina is always found to be uninterrupted. In 1-, 7-, and 14day obstructed animals, the lamina is typically observed to be broken. The elastic lamina is part of the serosa rather than part of the bladder, and it accompanies the mesothelium wherever it is found. Nonetheless, it is clear from these experiments that the serosa becomes involved in the response of the bladder to the obstructive insult, and a fibrotic reaction of the serosa contributes to the thickening of the wall of the hypertrophic bladder. By using this elastic lamina as a marker, CT hypertrophy can be classified as either intrinsic (that within the original bladder wall) or extrinsic (that within the serosal com
Ocean mesoscale variability from repeat tracks of Geos‐3 altimeter data

The Geos-3 satellite altimeter observed numerous sea surface profiles along nearly repeated tracks in the western North Atlantic during its 3.5-year lifetime, enabling observation of the variation of sea surface topography along these tracks. Analysis of 14 north-going and 13 south-going sets of repeated tracks has yielded the variability of the surface at a resolution of 1° from 25° to 41°N latitude and from 60° to 80°W longitude. The observed rms variation of surface topography ranges from about 8 cm in the Sargasso Sea to a maximum of 48 cm in the Gulf Stream meander region, in agreement with known mesoscale energetics of this region.
Phospholamban gene ablation improves calcium transients but not cardiac function in a heart failure model.

Decreased amplitude and slower kinetics of cardiomyocyte intracellular calcium (Cai2+) transients may underlie the diminished cardiac function observed in heart failure. These alterations occur in humans and animals with heart failure, including the TNF1.6 mouse model, in which heart failure arises from cardiac-specific overexpression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Objective: Since ablation of phospholamban expression (PLBKO) removes inhibition of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ pump, enhances SR Ca2+ uptake and increases contractility, we assessed whether ablation of phospholamban expression could improve cardiac function, limit remodeling, and improve survival in the TNF1.6 model of heart failure. Methods: We bred PLBKO with TNF1.6 mice and characterized the progeny for survival, cardiac function (echocardiography), cardiac remodeling (hypertrophy, dilation, fibrosis), and Cai2+ transients and contractile function of isolated cardiomyocytes. Results: PLB ablation did not improve survival, cardiac function, or limit cardiac chamber dilation and hypertrophy in TNF1.6 mice (TKO mice). However, contractile function and Cai2+ transients (amplitude and kinetics) of isolated TKO cardiomyocytes were markedly enhanced. This discordance between unimproved cardiac function, and enhanced Cai2+ cycling and cardiomyocyte contractile parameters may arise from a continued overexpression of collagen and decreased expression of gap junction proteins (connexin 43) in response to chronic TNFα stimulation. Conclusions: Enhancement of intrinsic cardiomyocyte Cai2+ cycling and contractile function may not be sufficient to overcome several parallel pathophysiologic processes present in the failing heart.
Properties of All-Normal-Dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Lasers

The behavior and performance of femtosecond fiber lasers without any anomalous dispersion in the cavity is presented. Experimental results agree with numerical simulations. 8-nJ and 210-fs pulses are generated, and significant performance improvements are expected.
Label-free detection of biomolecules using LED technology

This paper presents a label-free biosensor using two Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) as light sources and a photo detector as a receiver. The sensor uses a silica-on-silicon wafer with PMMA [Poly(methyl methacrylate)] as the functional layer. The principle of this biosensor is based on the Fabry Perot (FP) interferometer. A thickness of a 100 nm PMMA layer is spin-coated on the silicon wafer, which has a thin thermal oxide layer of 500 nm. In such a configuration, the PMMA layer and silica layer function as an FP cavity. When a light illuminates the surface of the sensor, the reflections from the PMMA-air and silica-silicon interfaces will interfere with each other. Consequently, the change of the cavity length, which is caused by biomaterial binding on the PMMA layer, will result in a red shift in the reflection spectrum. An intensity change of the reflection light will be observed on an individual wavelength. In order to eliminate environment noise and to enhance the sensitivity of the sensor, two LEDs, whose center wavelength is chosen on either side of the spectrum notch, are introduced in the system. A photo detector will alternatively obtain the intensities of the two individual reflected lights, and collect the signal via a data acquisition system. Long-term tests have shown that the sensor is resistant to environmental fluctuation. Biolinker Protein G' was used for binding tests. The sensor shows great potential in biosensor applications due to its compact size and low cost.
Hume, Space, and the Self

Marina Frasca-Spada: Space and the Self in Hume's Treatise (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002) pp. xiii + 220. £26.99, $43.00 (pb.). ISBN 9780521891622 Space and the Self in Hume's Treati...
Adventures in Early Socialist Television Edutainment

Abstract This article examines a quintessential genre of early socialist television entertainment: the historical adventure series. It draws on two popular series, the Polish Janosik (1974) and the Hungarian Captain of the Tenkes (1964) to foreground two formative tensions within early socialist television: that between the state's paternalistic, top-down imperative to educate a supposedly docile and homogeneous national audience and television's position as a home-based medium of family entertainment on the one hand, and between the national and cross-national dimensions in the development, distribution, and reception of these programs on the other. The author argues that the shows conjure up a historical regional culture arching over the singular national histories. This cross-border relevance, evident in the programs' striking aesthetic similarities, their international distribution, and their international cast of actors, points to television as a crucial research area for revising scholarship on East...
A Metric-Based Approach to 2D Tool-Path Optimization for High-Speed Machining

Conventional tool-path generation strategies are readily available to generate geometrically feasible trajectories. Such approaches seldom take into consideration physical process concerns or dynamic system limitations. In the present work, an approach for improving a geometrically feasible tool-path trajectory based on quantifiable process metrics is developed. Two specific measures of toolpath quality are incorporated into the iterative improvement algorithm: instantaneous path curvature and instantaneous cutter engagement. These metrics are motivated by a desire to minimize acceleration requirements and maintain a stable steady-state cutting process during high-speed machining. The algorithm has been implemented for two-dimensional contiguous end-milling operations with flat end-mills, and case studies are presented to illustrate the approach.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
A personal exposure study employing scripted activities and paths in conjunction with atmospheric releases of perfluorocarbon tracers in Manhattan, New York

A personal exposure study was conducted in New York City as part of the Urban Dispersion Program (UDP). It examined the contact of individuals with four harmless perflourocarbon tracers (PFT) released in Midtown Manhattan with approval by city agencies at separate locations, during two types of experiments, completed during each release period. Two continuous 1 h release periods separated by a 1.5 h ventilation time were completed on 3 October 2005. Stationary site and personal exposure measurements were taken during each period, and the first half hour after the release ended. Two types of scripted exposure activities are reported: Outdoor Source Scale, and Outdoor Neighborhood Scale; requiring 1- and 10-min duration samples, respectively. The results showed that exposures were influenced by the surface winds, the urban terrain, and the movements of people and vehicles typical in urban centers. The source scale exposure data indicated that local conditions significantly affected the distribution of each tracer, and consequently the exposures. The highest PFT exposures resulted from interaction of the scripted activities with local surface conditions. The range measured for 1- min exposures were large with measured values exceeding 5000 ppqv (parts per quadrillion by volume). The neighborhood scale measurements quantified exposures at distances up to seven blocks away from the release points. Generally, but not always, the PFT levels returned quickly to zero indicating that after cessation of the emissions the concentrations decrease rapidly, and reduce the intensity of local exposures. The near source and neighborhood personal exposure route results provided information to establish a baseline for determining how a release could affect both the general public and emergency responders, and evaluate the adequacy of re-entry or exit strategies from a local area. Finally, the data also show that local characteristics can produce “hot spots”.
Application-Specific Cross-Layer Optimization Based on Predictive Variable-Latency VLSI Design

Traditional synchronous VLSI design requires that all computations in a logic stage complete in one clock cycle. This leads to increasingly pessimistic design as technology scaling introduces increasingly significant parametric variations that result in an increasing performance variability. Alternatively, by allowing computations in a logic stage to complete in a variable number of clock cycles, variable-latency design provides relaxed timing constraints for average performance, area, and power consumption optimization. In this article, we present improved variable-latency design techniques including: (1) a generic minimum-intrusion variable-latency VLSI design paradigm, (2) a signal probability-based approximate prediction logic construction method for minimum misprediction rate at minimum cost, and (3) an application-specific cross-layer analysis methodology. Our experiments show that the proposed variable-latency design methodology on average reduces the computation latency by 26.80p(14.65p) at cost of 0.08p(3.4p) area and 0.4p(2.2p) energy consumption increase for the interger (floating point) unit of an open-source SPARC V8 processor LEON2 synthesized with a clock-cycle time between 1.97ns(3.49ns) and 5.96ns(13.74ns) based on the 45nm Nangate open cell library, while an automotive application-specific design further achieves an average latency reduction of 41.8p.
Potential for use of amifostine in cervical cancer

Abstract Cisplatin-based combined chemoradiotherapy is now the standard of treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer. Although combined-modality treatment has improved survival, it has also increased the already high frequency of toxicity observed with traditional radiotherapy alone. Cervical cancer patients with para-aortic metastasis may be at particularly high risk of toxicity with combined-modality treatment. The few clinical trial data available on the use of amifostine in cervical cancer or pelvic cancer patients suggest benefit in reducing treatment toxicity. The potential role of amifostine in combination with currently used cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy regimens is being assessed in a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group phase I/II study in cervical cancer patients with positive para-aortic or high common iliac lymph nodes. Semin Oncol 29 (suppl 19):34-37. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Media Review: The Places That Scare You

(2011). Media Review: The Places That Scare You. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 135-137.
Fret Based Thermodynamics and Kinetics Investigation of Endophilin Dimerization

Endophilin is a homodimeric endocytic accessory protein which functions as a membrane curvature sensor, and as a membrane curvature generator, and membrane binding of this proteinthe recruitment of additional endocytic accessory proteins. However, the mechanism by which endophilin dimerizes has remained unclear. In this study, we employ the Forster resonance energy transfer technique to characterize the thermodynamic and kinetic information of endophilin dimerization/dissociation in solution. Large temperature dependence of dimerization affinity and dimer dissociation kinetics are revealed for the endophilin N-BAR domain, reporting dimerization affinity ranges from low nanomolar to sub-nanomolar and an activation enthalpy of 66 kcal/mol for the dimer dissociation reaction. We discuss the contributions of various interfacial molecular interactions to the stability of endophilin N-BAR dimers. Furthermore, to elucidate the role of the SH3 domain in the dimerization of full-length endophilin, we monitor the dissociation kinetics of full-length endophilin A1 and its truncated isoforms. Mutants without H0 helix or SH3 domain show significantly faster dissociation kinetics relative to full-length endophilin A1. This observation indicates the presence of an intra-dimer, inter-monomer cross-interaction of H0 helix and SH3 domain from different subunits of the same homodimer. This interaction likely results in even higher dimerization affinity of full-length endophilin relative to the BAR domain.
Tracheal Collapse and Bronchomalacia in Dogs: 58 Cases (7/2001–1/2008)

Background: Tracheobronchomalacia is diagnosed in people by documentation of a reduction in airway diameter during bronchoscopy. While tracheal collapse in the dog has been well described in the literature, little information is available on bronchomalacia in the dog. Hypotheses: Bronchomalacia is common in dogs with tracheal collapse, is associated with inflammatory airway disease, and is poorly documented radiographically. Animals: One hundred and fifteen dogs admitted for evaluation for respiratory disease and examined by bronchoscopy. Methods: Case-controlled, observational study. Dogs examined and having a bronchoscopic procedure performed by a single operator were separated into groups with and without visually identified airway collapse. Clinical parameters and bronchoalveolar lavage findings were compared between groups. Radiographs were reviewed in masked fashion to assess the sensitivity and specificity for detection of bronchomalacia. Results: Tracheobronchomalacia was documented in 50% of dogs examined, with tracheal collapse in 21% and bronchomalacia in 47%. In dogs with bronchomalacia, collapse of the right middle (59%) and left cranial (52%) lung lobes was identified most commonly. Dogs with bronchomalacia were significantly more likely to display normal airway cytology and to have mitral regurgitation and cardiomegaly than dogs without airway collapse (P < .05). Radiographs were insensitive for detection of airway collapse. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Bronchomalacia was identified more commonly than tracheal collapse in this population of dogs, and documentation required bronchoscopy. This study could not confirm a role for airway inflammation in bronchomalacia, and further studies are required to determine the role of cardiomegaly in the disorder.
Multiple input multiple output Dirty paper coding: System design and performance

In this paper, a practical multiple input multiple output Dirty paper coding (MIMO-DPC) scheme is designed to cancel the effect of additive interference that is known perfectly to the transmitter. The proposed system uses a trio of encoders — a LDPC code, a vector quantizer implemented as a convolutional decoder and an Orthogonal space time block code (STBC) to achieve temporal coding gain, interference cancelation and spatial diversity, respectively. First, we derive the equivalent noise seen by the receiver using an equivalent lattice based dirty paper code. Then the optimal value of the power inflation factor, which is one of the key system parameters used to minimize the equivalent noise seen by the receiver is derived. Furthermore, we analytically prove that the equivalent noise seen by the receiver tends to 0 for large number of receive antennas. Performance results in the case of various number of receiver antennas are presented and show that significant reduction in bit error probabilities can be obtained over a system that uses no interference cancelation.
Biotechnological approaches to breeding and cultivation of ornamental crop plants

Abstract Recent advances in plant biotechnology hold great potential for the ornamental horticulture industry. In addition to conventional methods, breeders can now introduce genetic variation into ornamentals by the application of recombinant DNA technology. This technology is particularly useful for effecting changes in phenotypic expression encoded by single genes such as corolla and foliage color and texture, stem length, scent, temporal regulation of flowering, vase life of cut flowers and resistance to stressful environments. In part, the commercial success of this technology will depend on developing reliable methods of transformation of ornamentals and on the stability of the introduced or altered genes. In addition, new and improved strategies of in vitro culture have been commercially implemented for the propagation and breeding of a wide variety of ornamental crops and will undoubtedly play a major role in the screening and propagation of chimeric plants developed by recombinant DNA technology.
Concentration fluctuations close to a gas‐liquid interface

Analyse mathematique fournissant une interpretation physique de la facon dont la couche limite de concentration peut agir comme un filtre passe bas a Sc eleve
Progress on DFG Laser Sources and Its Application to Ultra-Sensitive Trace Gas Detection

Tunable mid-IR laser sources based upon fiber optic pumped difference-frequency generation (DFG) have recently made significant progress. Several advances in the design of DFG sources and detection schemes permit ultra-sensitive detection of Amin~1×E-7.
Rapid acquisition spin-echo (RASE) MR imaging: a new technique for reduction of artifacts and acquisition time.

The rapid acquisition spin-echo (RASE) technique combines a short repetition time, a short echo time, and a single excitation pulse sequence with half-Fourier data sampling. This allows for acquisition of 11 strongly T1-weighted sections during a single 23-second breath-holding period. Measurements obtained from volunteers and with phantoms reveal that RASE images have a lower signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio than do conventional multiacquisition spin-echo (SE) images due to reduced data acquisition. However, liver-spleen contrast and spatial resolution are not affected. Moreover, contrast-to-artifact (C/A) measurements are 77% greater with RASE. When normalized for imaging time, all parameters are significantly higher with RASE, with a C/A per unit time that was 338% higher. Randomized, blinded review of RASE and SE sequences from 20 patients was conducted to evaluate qualitative performance. Excellent to good performances for phase-encoding artifact reduction, edge sharpness, and overal...
Compendium of cerebrovascular diseases

Stroke is characterized by the sudden loss of circulation to an area of the brain, resulting in a corresponding loss of neurological function. In this article, we will discuss the epidemiology, etiopathophysiology, and symptomatology of different types of cerebrovascular diseases. Specific stroke syndromes will be reviewed to convey the myriad presentations of cerebrovascular disease.
Antigonadal Effect of Melatonin in Pinealectomized and Intact Male Hamsters

2 studies were performed in order to determine whether exogenous melatonin can inhibit gonadal activity independently from the pineal gland. In Experiment 1 complete testicular atrophy was induced by exposing male golden hamsters to a nonstimulatory photoperiod (LD 6:18). Animals were either sacrificed and testes weight determined or sham-pinealectomized (intact) or pinealectomized (Px) and implanted with empty or melatonin-filled Silastic capsules (25 100 or 300 mm long). Animals were then moved to stimulatory LD 14:10 and sacrificed 45 days later. In a 2nd study 10-week-old male hamsters maintained on LD 14:10 were either left intact of PX and implanted with melatonin-filled 300 mm Silastic capsules. At surgery 5 animals were sacrificed and paired testes weight determined. LD 6:18 resulted in complete testicular regression. Transfer from LD 6:18 to LD 14:10 resulted in the expected testicular weight increase. Testicular growth occurred to the same degree in intact and Px hamsters receiving empty Silastic capsules. Photo-induced testicular recrudescence was prevented or supressed in both intact and Px animals at all doses. Melatonin-treated hamsters had significantly smaller testes (p less than .01) than intact and Px hamsters receiving empty capsules. In the 2nd study melatonin provoked testicular atrophy in sexually mature intact and Px maintained at LD 14:10. It is suggested that the antigonadal action of melatonin occurs by means other than the pineal gland.