cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Face-Responsive Interfaces: From Direct Manipulation to Perceptive Presence

Systems for tracking faces using computer vision have recently become practical for human-computer interface applications. We are developing prototype systems for face-responsive interaction, exploring three different interface paradigms: direct manipulation, gazemediated agent dialog, and perceptually-driven remote presence. We consider the characteristics of these types of interactions, and assess the performance of our system on each application. We have found that face pose tracking is a potentially accurate means of cursor control and selection, is seen by users as a natural way to guide agent dialog interaction, and can be used to create perceptually-driven presence artefacts which convey real-time awareness of a remote space.
A Comparison of Males and Females during Asymmetric Lifting

This study evaluated the differences in spinal loading between males and females while performing complex free-dynamic whole body lifts. Twenty males and twenty-five females performed sagittally symmetric and asymmetric lifting tasks from mid-shin and knee height origins. Only minor differences between males and females were found in three-dimensional spinal loads. The compressive loads for the females appeared to be independent of the experimental condition (e.g. lifting task or velocity). Females adopted a different kinematic pattern compared to males as well as recruited more antagonistic muscles when performing similar tasks. When spinal tolerance differences are considered, females would be expected to be more at risk of injury during typical lifting tasks.
Tangible optical chess: a laser strategy game on an interactive tabletop

This paper presents Tangible Tracking Table, an interactive tabletop display, and Optical Chess, a strategy game. We discuss the design and implementation of both systems and report our evaluation game play sessions with young adults, with a special focus on how the Tangible Tracking Table enhances interaction over a point-and-click interface.
Subpopulations of fibroblasts from mouse skeletal muscle defined by clonal variation for 5' nucleotidase expression.

Abstract A primary cloning technique has been employed for the isolation of nine spontaneously transformed cell lines from mouse skeletal muscle. Four of these lines were isolated after selection for partial resistance to the purine (adenine) analog 2'6'diaminopurine and five were isolated from non-selected control dishes. Four of the nonselected lines and three of the selected lines demonstrated a fibroblastoid morphology in vitro. The other two cell lines (one from each group) were epithelioid. Two of the three selected fibroblastoid lines were found to contain significant quantities of the enzyme 5'nucleotidase (EC3.1.3.5), whereas the four nonselected fibroblastlike lines, one selected fibroblastlike line, and the two epithelioid lines did not. In the two cell lines expressing 5'nucleotidase activity, this expression was stable in the absence of selective pressure. Histochemical staining of mouse skeletal muscle for 5'nucleotidase activity demonstrated positive staining in the cells of small blood vessels and in a subset of the connective tissue cells. The bulk of the skeletal muscle tissue, however, had no detectable 5'nucleotidase activity. We propose that the two cultivatable types of fibroblastoid cell lines represent distinct classes of fibroblastlike cells in vivo, reflecting alternative states of stable cellular differentiation involving 5'nucleotidase expression.
A Wheezy Infant Unresponsive to Bronchodilators

When infants with recurrent wheezing have a clinical course inconsistent with asthma, an extensive list of alternative diagnoses needs to be considered. Anatomic malformations, such as congenital heart disease, laryngotracheomalacia, and diaphragmatic hernia, should be considered for immediate medical stabilization and early surgical correction. Life-threatening infections such as bacterial epiglottitis, retropharyngeal cellulitis, and viral myocarditis require prompt intervention. A careful history and physical examination reveal important diagnostic clues that, in this case, prompted a directed evaluation to rule out common masqueraders of asthma such as foreign body aspiration, cystic fibrosis, gastroesophageal reflux, viral pneumonitis, or pulmonary tuberculosis. On occasion, such a search is unrevealing and a diagnostic challenge remains. In those situations, judicious use of modern technology to scrutinize anatomic (high-resolution computed tomography) and functional (infant pulmonary function tests) pathology, and justifiable invasive procedures such as bronchoscopy and lung biopsy, uncover the true diagnosis, allowing for optimal management.
SURGICAL ADVANCES IN LIVER TRANSPLANTATION Living Related and Split Donors

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has become a well-established modality for treatment of previously fatal liver disease. Remarkable progress has been made in the last two decades since the first OLT was performed in 1963. 45 The number of OLTs has dramatically increased after liver transplantation was sanctioned by a seminal National Institutes of Health (NIH) consensus conference in 1983. 34 The advent of new immunosuppressive agents and refinement of surgical techniques have accounted for remarkable improvements in patient and graft survival. The last decade has witnessed an exponential increase in the number of patients awaiting liver transplantation. Currently, it is estimated that more than 14,500 patients are listed for liver transplantation with only 4500 cadaveric livers available annually. In the pediatric population, a severe shortage of whole organ cadaveric grafts that are size matched for pediatric patients results in a particularly high mortality rate in children awaiting OLT. This increasing discrepancy between donor supply and potential recipient pool has resulted in a rising mortality rate in all patient age groups awaiting OLT. In addition, the last 5 years have witnessed an increase in the number of livers transplanted into critically ill patients with higher morbidity and mortality following OLT. This review highlights surgical techniques that aim to expand the number of livers available for transplantation in the pediatric and the adult population.
Adequate histologic sampling of breast core needle biopsies.

Abstract Objective.—To determine the degree of histologic sampling necessary for adequate examination of breast core needle biopsy specimens. Design.—The results of all breast core needle biopsies (11 and 14 gauge) with a diagnosis of atypical small acinar proliferation or atypical ductal hyperplasia and subsequent excisional biopsies, for a 50-month period were reviewed. Blocks of all cores were sectioned entirely in 8 slides to determine the amount of sectioning needed to detect these foci, and the results were correlated with those from the excision specimen. Setting.—Large community hospital practice. Results.—Of 3026 cases, 216 (7.1%) were diagnosed as atypical ductal hyperplasia or atypia not otherwise specified. Subsequent resections were available in 105 (49%) cases, and after review, 95 (92%) qualified as atypical ductal hyperplasia and 2 were determined to be atypical small acinar proliferations. The 2 small acinar proliferations were first detected on the second and fourth slides. Of the atypic...
Key elements of productivity improvement programs

Y.K. Shetty is a professor of management at Utah State University in Logan, Utah. He is a consultant and the author of several articles. This article is based primarily on discussions which took place at two workshops entitled "Productivity Improvement: Company Experiences" organized by the College of Business, Utah State University. In each workshop, a group of top company executives and scholars spent a day in intensive discussion. The following companies participated in the workshops: Beatrice Foods Company, Burger King Corporation, Chicago Title and Trust Company, Continental Group, Inc., Coming Glass Works, Detroit Edison, General Foods Corporation, Hughes Aircraft Corporation, Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Company, Nucor Corporation, and Tanner Companies. For a detailed description of these companies' productivity improvement programs see Vernon M. Buehler and Y.K. Shetty, Productivity Improvement: Case Studies of Proven Practice (Amacom, 1981). These companies ~ experiences axe supplemented by information from other companies such as" Aluminum Company of America, Anheuser-Busch, Beech Aircraft Corporation, Bank of America, Boise Cascade, Dana Corporation, DeSoto, Donnelly Mirrors, Inc., Dow Coming, First National Bank of Chicago, Honeywell, Inc., Lear Siegler, Midland-Ross, Northrop Corporation, Phillips Petroleu.m Corporation, RaileyStocker, TRW, United Airlines, United States Steel Corporation, and Westinghouse. A talk with companies which have imp l e m e n t e d product iv i ty i m p r o v e m e n t programs turns up several essential elements which are common to each.
Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Most Common Injuries of the Lower Extremity in the Athlete

The majority of injuries during sport are to the lower extremity (more than 50%), most of which occur in children and young adults younger than 25 years and involve fractures, ligament injuries, or tendon injuries. This article discusses the etiology of some of the most common foot and ankle sports-related injuries. The authors focus on clinical findings, associated injuries, pathophysiology, and current trends. Many of these factors are discussed in detail elsewhere in this issue.
A weighted least-squares algorithm for estimation and visualization of relative latencies in event-related functional MRI

The properties of the hemodynamic latencies in functional maps have been relatively unexplored. Accurate methods of estimating hemodynamic latencies are needed to take advantage of this feature of fMRI. A fully automated, weighted least-squares (WLS) method for estimating temporal latencies is reported. Using a weighted linear model, the optimal latency and amplitude of the fMRI response can be determined for those voxels that pass a detection threshold. There is evidence from previous studies that the hemodynamic response may be time-locked to the stimulus within certain limits, less variable earlier in its evolution, and able to resolve information about relative hemodynamic timing. This information can be used to test hypotheses about the sequence and spatial distribution of neural activity. The method can be used to weight the earliest evolution of the hemodynamic response more heavily and decrease bias resulting from the hemodynamic response function. Additionally, the WLS method can control for varying response shapes across the brain and improve latency comparisons between brain regions. The WLS method was developed to study the properties of hemodynamic latencies, which may be increasingly important as event-related fMRI continues to be advanced.
Identification and validation of novel cerebrospinal fluid protein biomarkers for early Alzheimer's disease using proteomics and ELISA: a multi-institutional collaborative study

Disease Research Center, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan; Immuno-Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd. (IBL), Fujioka, Japan; Department of Neurology, Emory Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, New York, NY, USA. Contact e-mail: sahata07@ hotmail.com
3000 years of environmental change at Zaca Lake, California, USA

Climatic variations of the last few millennia can reveal patterns of variability beyond that recorded by the instrumental record. In this study we use pollen and sediments to generate a high resolution 3000 year record of vegetation and climate along the southern California coast. An increase in Pinus and Quercus pollen found in the top 100 years of the record is a result of known planting and fire suppression by the forest service. In the pre-historic record, a period of high Salix percentages and high pollen concentration from 500-250 cal yr BP represents the wettest period of the record and coincides with the Little Ice Age. We also find evidence for 3 warm periods between 1350 and 650 cal yr BP which are identified in the record by the presence of Pediastrum boryanum var. boryanum. The latter two of these periods, dating from 1070-900 and 700–650 cal yr BP correspond to Medieval Climatic Anomaly droughts identified in other records. In addition to these events, we identify a multi-centennial scale drought between 2700 and 2000 cal yr BP in Zaca Lake, corroborating evidence from across the Great Basin and extending the regional spread of this multi-centennial drought to southern California. Corresponding wetter conditions in the northwest indicate that the modern ENSO precipitation dipole also occurred during this persistent drought. Today this dipole is associated with La Nina conditions and we note a coincidence with intriguing evidence for a change in ENSO dynamics from marine records in the tropical Pacific. This dry period is remarkably persistent and has important implications for understanding the possible durations of drought conditions in the past in California.
Influence of dependence of directional extreme wind speeds on wind load effects with various mean recurrence intervals

Abstract This study offers an improved understanding of the influence of statistical dependence between directional extreme wind speeds when estimating the wind load effects with various mean recurrence intervals (MRIs). Existing multivariate approaches that concern the wind directionality effect are first reviewed. Several factors that influence the prediction with and without consideration of the statistical dependence between directional extreme wind speeds are discussed by using Gaussian copula model. The influence of wind speed masking on the wind effect estimation is discussed. The influence of use of different joint probability distribution models for directional extreme wind speeds is illustrated through a comparison between multivariate Gaussian and Gumbel copula models. The necessity of using multivariate approach is discussed and a simplified method is proposed to account for directional dependence, which not only provides accurate prediction but also reduces calculation effort. Examples with real wind climate model and generic wind tunnel test results are shown to illustrate the influences brought by directional dependence, model difference, and wind speed masking. Also discussion is made on the partition of directional sectors which concerns the balance of number of sectors and modeling uncertainty.
Bright tongue sign in Pompe disease

A 38-year-old man was referred for progressive gait difficulty. A brain MRI was obtained as part of his workup prior to referral. Upon review of the brain MRI—reported normal by the radiologist—the tongue looked bright on the T1 sequence (figure). Investigation revealed that he had Pompe disease. Bright tongue sign is well-known in patients with bulbar amyotrophic lateral sclerosis but also can be seen in other neuropathies or myopathies that can affect the tongue muscle. Attention to abnormalities of the tongue, even on nondedicated brain MRI studies, may help neurologists with the diagnosis.1
On the nonvanishing of someL-functions

The non-vanishing, at the centre of symmetry, of theL-function attached to an automorphic representation of GL(2) or its twists by quadratic characters has been extensively investigated, in particular by Waldspurger. The purpose of this paper is to outline a new proof of Waldspurger’s results. The automorphic representations of GL(2) and its metaplectic cover are compared in two different ways; one way is by means of a “relative trace formula”; the relative trace formula presented here is actually a generalization of the work of Iwaniec.
EP1 receptor blockade attenuates both spontaneous tone and PGE2-elicited contraction in guinea pig trachealis

We assessed the effect of prostaglandin (PG) E2 on tone of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) strips in vitro. In the presence of spontaneous tone [ST; i.e., no indomethacin (-Indo)], exogenou...
Defect clusters in wustite Fe1-xO.

The electronic structure and stabilization energy of isolated defects and defect clusters in wustite ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$O is studied by the first-principles local-density theory. The embedded-cluster model is used to obtain linear combination of atomic orbitals expansions of one-electron properties in the discrete-variational scheme. The stability of the 4:1 interstitial cluster relative to simple defects is verified, and the tendency of 4:1 clusters to aggregate is explored. Open edge- and vertex-shared aggregates which permit the close approach of charge-compensating ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ ions are found to be energetically favored.
High Levels of Dietary Iodine for Delaying Sexual Maturity of Egg Production Type Pullets

Abstract ALTHOUGH iodine is an essential dietary element for poultry, toxic effects have been observed with above normal levels in the diet of chickens. Decreased egg production, decreased egg size, prolonged incubation periods, enlarged thyroids of chicks, and wiry down of chicks have been reported (Schmidt, 1932; Asmundson et al., 1936; Wilgus et al., 1953). A recent study has confirmed these findings (Perdomo et al., 1966). In addition, it was observed that with 5000 p.p.m. added dietary iodine, in the form of potassium iodine, production ceased within one week. With 2500 p.p.m. added iodine production ceased in 90% of the hens. Hens resumed laying within 7 days after the iodine was removed from their diet. Arrington et al. (1967) reported that hens were more severely affected than pullets. Egg production ceased in pullets and hens fed 5000 p.p.m. iodine, and in hens fed 2500 or 1875 p.p.m. iodine. Egg production following . . .
A Brief Analysis to the Breakpoint in Automobile Manufacturing

This paper Take the auto maker SGWM as the example to expound the application and process control of old and new parts replacement in Auto manufacturing; through the combination of onsite execution and system operation to assure the precise replacement and smooth implementation of engineering change
Ultrafast contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of congenital hydronephrosis in a rat model.

AbstractSince new ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) might offer unique advantages for evaluating renal blood flow, anatomy and urinary excretion, we used this technique to characterize a rat model with congenital partial ureteropelvic junction obstruction. MRI of 9 rats from an inbred colony with unilateral congenital (nonsurgical) hydronephrosis was compared with the contralateral nonhydronephrotic kidney serving as control. Our new imaging technique consisted of a 1-minute ultrafast gradient recalled imaging sequence during the first minute (64 images per imaging time 960 milliseconds) after contrast bolus injection with gadolinium-diethylenetri-aminepentaacetic acid for assessment of renal blood flow followed by a 30-minute period with image acquisition every 30seconds to study contrast distribution and excretion. Signal intensities were analyzed continuously over selected, different regions of interest. Anatomic analysis of MRI noncontrast studies showed precise delineation of the hydronephro...
Tics, OCD and Streptococcal Infection (PANDAS)

Forty matched pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) case-control pairs were prospectively evaluated clinically and with testing for group A b-hemolytic streptococcus for an average of 2 years, in a study at University of Rochester School of Medicine, New York; and WHO Streptococcal Reference Laboratory, Minneapolis, MN.
Does noninvasive electrical stimulation of acupuncture points reduce heelstick pain in neonates

Aim Noninvasive electrical stimulation at acupuncture points (NESAP) for analgesia is used in children, but has not been widely studied in neonates. The purpose of this study was to determine if NESAP alone or in combination with sucrose relieved heelstick pain in neonates. Methods Term neonates (n=162) receiving routine heelsticks for newborn screening were enrolled following parental consent. All infants received facilitated tucking and nonnutritive sucking. Neonates were randomized to standard care, sucrose, NESAP, or sucrose plus NESAP. NESAP (3.5 mA, 10 Hz) or sham was administered over 4 acupuncture points. The Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP), heart rate variability (HRV), and salivary cortisol were used to measure heelstick pain. Results PIPP scores among all 4 treatment groups increased during heelstick,F (9,119) =1.95, p 0.05, and NESAP therapy had no significant effect on PIPP scores. However, PIPP scores from baseline to heelstick increased the most in the two groups not receiving sucrose (p<0.01). Mean PIPP scores remained below 5 during the heelstick in all four groups, indicating minimal or no pain. Differences in HRV and salivary cortisol among groups were insignificant. Conclusion NESAP at 3.5 mA, 10 Hz is not effective in relieving pain during heelsticks in neonates. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Plastic Sandwich Buckle-Shell Structures

A method of constructing curved sandwich shell roof structures is presented which requires virtually no forming, shoring or bracing and allows the majority of work to take place at ground level with the roof in a flat configuration. Experimental and numerical (finite element) analysis techniques are discussed. Two models of such buckle-shell structures (a cylindrical shell and a groined vault) with urethane foam cores and glass reinforced polyester skins are described. Results of experimental investigations of the behavior of these two models are compared with numerical solutions obtained by the finite element method. It is concluded that the results of this work demonstrate the potential for the use of structural plastics in building structures.
E-048 Factors Associated with Early Tracheostomy and Percutaneous Gastrostomy and Their Effects on Hospitalization in Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients

Objective Tracheotomy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) are sometimes performed in critically ill hemorrhagic stroke patients in order to avoid complications associated with prolonged intubation and nasogastric feeding. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the optimal timing of these procedures. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of early tracheotomy and PEG in hemorrhagic stroke patients. Methods A series of patients treated at University of Kentucky for hemorrhagic stroke between June 1, 2011 and June 1, 2015 was retrospectively reviewed. Data regarding diagnosis, demographics, comorbidities, treatment, hospital course, and performance of tracheotomy and/or PEG were collected and then analyzed using logistic regression and multiple linear regression. Results Of 366 hemorrhagic stroke patients, 75 underwent tracheotomy and 86 received PEG. Factors significantly associated with tracheotomy and PEG included patient age (p Conclusions Hemorrhagic stroke is a devastating neurovascular event that requires prompt intervention and vigilant management. Our study identified patient risk factors that may suggest candidacy for tracheotomy and PEG. Additionally, we found that timing of PEG may shape a patient’s hospital course. Complication rates related to tracheostomy and PEG in this population were minimal. In conclusion, this retrospective data set supports some benefit to early PEG placement in this population, and justifies the need for further prospective study. Disclosures M. McCann: None. J. Fraser: None.
Challenges to Measuring the Quality of Low-Risk Newborns.

With rising health care costs in the United States and other countries, there is a growing interest in measuring and improving the value of health care. In addition to programs such as the Choosing Wisely initiative, which identifies wasteful or unnecessary medical tests,1 pediatrics and perinatal medicine have seen the development of various measures of care quality. Most of these measures assess outpatient practices, such as immunization adequacy or the appropriate use of well care, in which all children are included regardless of their underlying medical complexity.2 For inpatient practice, however, the available metrics tend to focus on the care of more complex patients, such as the very low birth weight infant. Although this group of patients is important, given their high risk of adverse short- and long-term outcomes and their inherent high treatment costs, metrics focused on the very low birth weight infant (eg, reducing central line–associated bloodstream infections) may not provide insight into the quality of care received by the >85% of low-risk newborns born at term each year. The results of Sebastiao et al3 help to fill the knowledge gap about the care received by this understudied group of infants. Using data from 124 Florida hospitals with >100 deliveries annually, they found that “unexpected complications” after delivery were not unusual, with a rate of 37 complications per 1000 deliveries. These complications were not distributed equally among the 124 delivery hospitals studied. Instead, these rates ranged from 6.7 per 1000 births in the … Address correspondence to Scott A. Lorch, MD, MSCE, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3535 Market St, Suite 1029, Philadelphia, PA 19104. E-mail: lorch{at}email.chop.edu
TUMOR ABLATION USING LOW-INTENSITY ULTRASOUND AND SOUND EXCITABLE DRUG

Abstract The cell membrane is a semi-fluid container that defines the boundary of cells, and provides an enclosed environment for vital biological processes. A sound excitable drug (SED) that is non-cytotoxic to cells is developed to disrupt the plasma membrane under gentle ultrasound insonation, 1 MHz, 1 W/cm2. The frequency and power density of insonation are within the physical therapy and medical imaging windows; thus the applied ultrasound is safe and not harmful to tissues. The insertion of SEDs into the plasma membrane is not toxic to cells; however, the intruding SEDs weaken the membrane's integrity. Under insonation, the ultrasound energy destabilized the SED disrupted membranes, resulting in membrane rupture and eventual cell death. In a xenograft breast tumor model, the SED alone or the ultrasound alone caused little adverse effects to tumor tissue, while the combined treatment triggered necrosis with a brief local insonation of 3 min. The described sono-membrane rupture therapy could be a safe alternative to the currently used high-energy tissue ablation technology, which uses X-rays, gamma rays, electron beams, protons, or high-intensity focused ultrasound.
Blood Compatibility of Polyethylene and Oxidized Polyethylene in a Canine A-V Series Shunt:Relationship to Surface Properties

The contact of blood with a polymer surface results in the initial deposition of proteins, platelets, and other formed elements. Proteins deposit during the first moments of blood contact1, while platelets start to adhere after about one minute of blood contact, when the protein layer is about 200 A thick2. The polymerization of fibrinogen to fibrin, and the activation and aggregation of platelets, lead to thrombus formation and growth on the artificial surface.
Erratum to: Drug-Receptor Interactions

It is commonly accepted today that drugs, hormones, or other small molecules that gain access to biological systems bring about their effects by interacting with macromolecules present in the biological system. These macromolecules can then be assigned the term “receptor” for that particular small molecule. Sometimes the assignment of receptors for drugs can be quite straightforward, as in the case of organophosphate insecticides. These agents are enzyme inhibitors, chemically reacting with serine residues in a number of esterase enzymes. The enzymes associated with the hydrolysis of acetylcholine are therefore receptors for organophosphates, and the pharmacological and toxicological effects of these agents can be explained, virtually entirely, by the interaction of the organophosphate with these enzymes.
Neurophysiological differences in the adolescent brain following a single night of restricted sleep - A 7T fMRI study.

Abstract Sleep deprivation in youth has garnered international attention in recent years, as correlational studies have demonstrated significant relationships between lack of sleep and detrimental behavioral and academic outcomes. However, no study to date has systematically examined the neurophysiological consequences of a single night of sleep restriction (i.e., 4 h) in adolescents using ultra-high field functional neuroimaging. Much of what we know regarding the neural consequences of sleep deprivation has come from the adult literature, and among those studies, the majority use region of interest (ROI) approaches, thus disregarding the dynamic mechanisms that may subserve the behavioral effects of sleep restriction. Leveraging a crossover within-subjects design, we demonstrate that pivotal brain regions involved in the default mode and limbic regulatory centers have disrupted functioning following a night of restricted sleep compared to a night of “normal sleep”. Specifically, a normal night (i.e., 8 h) of sleep led to increased global and local efficiency of bilateral amygdala, and less efficiency in the posterior cingulate, as measured by graph theory, compared to a night of sleep restriction. Furthermore, aberrant functional connectivity patterns were identified in key fronto-limbic circuitry, suggesting a potential pathophysiological mechanism underlying the widespread effects of sleep deprivation in youth.
Trends in rooming-in practices among hospitals in the United States, 2007-2015.

Background Rooming-in, or keeping mothers and infants together throughout the birth hospitalization, increases breastfeeding initiation and duration, and is one of the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. Methods The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC) survey is a biennial census of all birth facilities in the United States and its territories. Data from the 2007-2015 mPINC surveys were used to assess trends in the prevalence of hospitals with most (≥90%) infants rooming-in more than 23 hours per day (ideal practice). Hospital practices among breastfed infants not rooming-in at night and reasons why hospitals without ideal rooming-in practices removed healthy, full-term, breastfed infants from their mothers' rooms were also analyzed. Results The percentage of hospitals with ideal practice increased from 27.8% in 2007 to 51.4% in 2015. Most breastfed infants who were not rooming-in were brought to their mothers at night for feedings (91.8% in 2015). Among hospitals without ideal rooming-in practices, the percentage removing 50% or more of infants from their mothers' rooms at any point during the hospitalization decreased for all reasons surveyed during 2007-2015; however, in 2015, hospitals still reported regularly removing infants for hearing tests (73.2%), heel sticks (65.5%), infant baths (40.2%), pediatric rounds (35.5%), and infant photos (25.4%). Conclusions Hospital implementation of rooming-in increased 23.6 percentage points during 2007-2015. Continued efforts are needed to ensure that all mothers who choose to breastfeed receive optimal lactation support during the first days after giving birth.
Studies of uranium minerals (XXII): Synthetic calcium and lead uranyl phosphate minerals

The uranium minerals phosphuranylite, renardite, "dewindtite," dumontite, parsonsite and the phase lead-autunite have been investigated synthetically to establish identity and the conditions of deposition. In the acid range, autunite and parsonsite predominate. Under neutral and alkaline conditions, there exist a number of renardite-type phases of variable lead content with closely related *-ray spectra and properties. It is suggested that "dewindtiten' be discreCited as a distinct mineral species. A phase has been prepared that corresponds chemically but is not identical to dumontite on the basis of limited, existing data on the mineral. The methods of synthesis and resultant phases in the systems calciumand lead-uranyl-phosphate-wateraredescribed.Chemical,opticaland r-raydata areincluded.
Spontaneous ripple formation due to ultraviolet surface oxidation of semiconductors

Many laser microchemical processes are influenced by interactions between surface electro-magnetic waves, which are excited by laser radiation, and wavelength-scale surface morphology.1-3 This effect has not been extensively documented in laser processing of semiconductors in which low laser intensities have been used.4 We report the formation of subwavelength ripples on semiconductor surfaces during low-power cw UV laser illumination.
A UNIFIED THEORY FOR THE ORIGIN OF TURBULENCE AND ITS SUBSEQUENT EVOLUTION

Through both experimental and analytical studies of the structure of fluid turbulence, it was found that turbulence possesses unique structures throughout its life cycle. That is, in the form of interacting line vortices. Although fluid is a continuum of particles, its basic dynamics is noted to be analogous to the particle mechanics of atom, planet and galaxy. That is, they all tend to follow the same least-action law of universe.
Determination of Oxygen in USGS Rock Standards by Fast-Neutron Activation

Oxygen is determined by irradiating powdered rock samples with 14-MeV neutrons in a dual-transfer system and counting the 6.1- and 7.1-MeV gammas of 16N and their escape peaks. Corrections for beam...
Detection of the fingerprint of the electrophysiological abnormalities that increase vulnerability to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias

Reduction of sudden death requires accurate identification of patients at risk for ventricular tachycardia (VT) and effective therapies. The Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial and Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trials demonstrate that the implantable cardioverter defibrillator impacts favorably on the incidence of VT in patients with myocardial infarction, underscoring the need to detect the electrophysiologic abnormalities required for the development of VT. Methods used for this purpose include: Holter monitoring, ejection fraction, signal-averaged ECG, heart rate variability, T-wave alternans, baroreflex sensitivity, and programmed stimulation. Performance of each method alone has demonstrated high-negative but low-positive predictive values. Recent studies confirm that their use in combination augments performance. A second approach for improving performance has been to reexamine how well each method detects the electrophysiological derangements that lead to VT. Our recent work has focused on the signal-averaged ECG. Judging from transmural maps of ventricular activation during VT and sinus rhythm obtained from patients, late potentials fail to detect completely signals from myocardium responsible for VT. To obviate this limitation we developed an approach based on inferred epicardial potentials in the frequency domain from 190-surface ECGs using individualized heart-torso models. Torso geometry and electrode positions are measured with a 3-armed digitizer. The location of cardiac structures is determined using echocardiography. The pericardial surface is approximated by a sphere that encloses the heart. Epicardial potentials are inferred using the boundary element method with zero-order Tikhonov regularization and the Composite Residual Smoothing Operator over the QRS complex. Studies are underway to determine if analysis of bioelectrical signals enveloping arrhythmogenic tissue improves identification of patients vulnerable to VT.
Particulate Air Pollution

The attention of the whole world was drawn to air pollution by the London fog of 1952. I was in that fog, although somewhat upriver at Oxford. To the best of my knowledge, anyone who has looked at the data from the official government report [1] shown here as Figure 1, agrees that about 4,500 people died within 2 weeks because of the air pollution.
Use of intrauterine device and ovarian cancer risk

472 Introduction There is considerable evidence that the use of an intrauterine device (IUD) is associated with a decreased risk for endometrial cancer and some data that it may also lower ovarian cancer risk. The latter data indicate that IUD use may be part of a set of exposures which might lower ovarian cancer risk by inducing an inflammatory reaction in tissues that express the surface gylcoprotein and tumor antigen MUC1, exposing an unglycosylated form of MUC1 to immune recognition, and leading to the formation of protective anti-MUC1 antibodies. In this abstract, we examine the association between IUD use and ovarian cancer risk in a larger case-control data set and in greater detail than in our initial presentation of this association. Methods These data are from two phases of an ongoing population based ovarian cancer case control study. We identified ovarian cancer cases through hospital tumor boards and statewide cancer registries in New Hampshire and eastern Massachusetts between 1992 and 2003. We identified controls through a combination of random digit dialing, town book selection, and use of drivers9 license lists. We enrolled a total of 1231 epithelial ovarian cancer cases and 1244 controls. We interviewed all participants in person on a variety of reproductive and lifestyle characteristics. Anti-Muc1 antibodies were measured against a synthetic 100-mer MUC1 peptide corresponding to five tandem repeats of the MUC1 polypeptide core tandem repeat region in controls only from phase II. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using unconditional logistic regression. Risk for ovarian cancer associated with various descriptors of IUD use was calculated for all ovarian cancer cases and various histologic subtypes. Likelihood of antibodies (restricted to the phase 2 controls) was also assessed by the same descriptors of IUD use. Results Overall we observed an inverse association between IUD use and ovarian cancer risk (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.89). The association was attenuated when we additionally adjusted for parity, tubal ligation, and oral contraceptive use (covariate-adjusted OR= 0.86, 95% CI: 0.68, 1.08). Duration of IUD use had a U-shaped association with ovarian cancer risk. Women who had an IUD for 7 years had 0.72, 0.66, 0.61, and 0.84 times the risk of ovarian cancer as a women who never had an IUD, respectively. Similarly, the protective effect of IUD use was attenuated for women in the oldest age group at first IUD placement (>30 years). In general the likelihood of antibodies tracked in a manner similar to the odds ratios. Examination by histologic type revealed the strongest association to pertain to endometrioid tumor types (OR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.71). Conclusions IUD use reduces the risk of ovarian cancer, especially for endometrioid types of ovarian cancer. The protective effect may be attenuated with older age at first use and longer lifetime duration of use.
Spontaneous pneumopericardium in a term newborn: a case report

Neonatal pneumopericardium NPPC is a rare clinical condition that is usually described in the context of neonatal respiratory diseases that require assisted ventilation It is usually associated with other air leak syndromes like pulmonary interstitial emphysema pneumothorax pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema NPPC can lead to serious complications including sudden cardiac arrest Prompt recognition and treatment if necessary are important for successful outcome Treatment options include pericardiocentesis oxygen therapy for nitrogen wash out and treating the underlying associated other air like syndromes like pneumothorax We report a case of spontaneous pneumopericardium in a term neonate without any underlying lung pathology or exposure to positive pressure ventilation The patient was treated successfully with oxygen therapy and discharged home without complications
Overcoming Disparities in Living Donor Kidney Transplantation in the USA: the Promise of Academic and Community Stakeholder Partnerships

Living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) has been shown to be the optimal treatment for clinically suitable patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Despite the benefits, racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities persist in receipt of LDKT. These disparities may be mitigated through the development of academic and community-based partnerships. This article provides a systematic review of existing academic-community partnerships designed to address disparities in LDKT for adult populations in the USA. Few academic-community partnerships exist that were designed to specifically address LDKT disparities. Among the 7 existing partnerships identified within this review, the majority were developed as part of grant-funded interventions targeting healthcare access, health education, and health attitudes and behaviors as barriers to LDKT. Future work is needed to identify practical methods for expanding LDKT partnerships among health equity researchers, healthcare practitioners, transplant centers, and other key stakeholders, including patients, families, faith-based leaders, policy makers, and medically underserved communities.
Reading Participation Profiles of School-aged Children: Use of the Inventory of Reading Occupations-Pediatric

An occupational perspective on reading requires an understanding of how individuals engage in terms of reading media selected, level of motivation, amount of time spent in reading, and where and wh...
Changes in cardiac vagal tone as measured by heart rate variability during naloxone-induced opioid withdrawal.

Abstract Background Heart rate variability (HRV) is of interest to researchers due to its potential utility as a marker for both physiological and psychological stress. Sympatholytics are used to treat opioid withdrawal, but little information about the parasympathetic system’s role in mediating withdrawal symptoms exists. The goal of the current study was to evaluate changes in HRV during opioid withdrawal to provide a better understanding of the autonomic effects of opioid withdrawal. Methods Ten male participants (mean age = 46.4 years) received intramuscular naloxone (mean dose =0.26 mg) to confirm opioid dependence. The presence and severity of withdrawal symptoms were assessed using subjective and objective measures (Wang et al., 1974). Electrocardiography (ECG) was measured continuously, and HRV was analyzed in 2-minute segments before naloxone injection (at baseline) and after participants were in moderate withdrawal (Wang Test score ≥10). Heart rate, blood pressure, pupil diameter, and respiratory rate were also examined. Results Pupil diameter significantly increased after naloxone administration relative to baseline (t(9) = 5.562, p = 0.000). Both high frequency (HF) HRV (Z = -2.803, p = 0.005) and root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) HRV (Z = -2.090, p = 0.037) were significantly lower during withdrawal relative to baseline. Increases in heart rate (Z = -2.090, p = 0.032) and systolic pressure (t(9) = 8.099, p = 0.0000) from baseline to withdrawal also were significant. Conclusions These preliminary data indicate that a large reduction in cardiac vagal tone occurs during naloxone-induced withdrawal. This finding underscores the need for further research into the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in opioid withdrawal.
Novel mechanistic links between high-protein diets and atherosclerosis.

New research in this issue of Nature Metabolism shows how a high-protein diet increases amino acids in blood and atherosclerotic plaques, and in plaque macrophages activates mTOR signalling, suppresses mitophagy and increases apoptosis, thereby exacerbating atherosclerotic-plaque build-up in genetically modified mouse models.
Changes in Volunteerism Perception: Results from an International Service Learning Case Study

Background: Engagement in volunteer activities is an experience that many students may not prioritize due to lack of time and interest.Purpose: This research examines the use of International Servi...
Varieties of Religious (Non)Affiliation: A Primer for Mental Health Practitioners on the "Spiritual but Not Religious" and the "Nones"

Given changing demographics of religiosity and spirituality, this article aims to help clinicians understand contemporary trends in patient religious and spiritual orientation. It first identifies and describes the evolving varieties of religio-spiritual orientation and affiliation, as identified in survey studies. Particular attention is given to the examination of those who identify as spiritual but not religious (SBNR) and None (i.e., no religious affiliation), which is important to mental health practice because many patients now identify as SBNR or None. Next, empirical data are considered, including what the literature reveals regarding mental health outcomes and SBNRs and Nones. We conclude with a summary of the main points and five recommendations that mental health practitioners and researchers need to consider regarding this increasingly large portion of the population.
Chapter 16 – Wrap Up

This chapter concludes the book by examining the development, current status, and future of ecotoxicology. In so doing, it looks at research and the regulatory communities.
Special Issue: Resilient Distributed Estimator with Information Consensus for CPS Security

In this paper, we study the collaboratively estimating problem of a discrete-time LTI system with a time-varying undirected communication graph among sensors. The performance of resilient state estimators developed for cyber-physical systems (CPS) degenerates if the sensor measurements are compromised. To obtain robustness for the estimation, we propose Resilient Distributed Estimator with Information Consensus (RDEIC). RDEIC is a consensus-based resilient distributed algorithm that produces bounded state estimation errors with faulty sensors. Our algorithm converges to the true state in an attack-free scenario and it produces bounded estimation errors during an attack. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated with Matlab simulations.