cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Goal-Based Imitation as Probabilistic Inference over Graphical Models

Humans are extremely adept at learning new skills by imitating the actions of others. A progression of imitative abilities has been observed in children, ranging from imitation of simple body movements to goal-based imitation based on inferring intent. In this paper, we show that the problem of goal-based imitation can be formulated as one of inferring goals and selecting actions using a learned probabilistic graphical model of the environment. We first describe algorithms for planning actions to achieve a goal state using probabilistic inference. We then describe how planning can be used to bootstrap the learning of goal-dependent policies by utilizing feedback from the environment. The resulting graphical model is then shown to be powerful enough to allow goal-based imitation. Using a simple maze navigation task, we illustrate how an agent can infer the goals of an observed teacher and imitate the teacher even when the goals are uncertain and the demonstration is incomplete.
Triggers over XML views of relational data

XML has emerged as a dominant standard for information exchange on the Internet. However, a large fraction of data continues to be stored in relational databases. At a high level, there are two approaches to supporting triggers over XML views. The first is to materialize the entire view and store it in an XML database with support for XML triggers. However, this approach suffers from the overhead of replicating and incrementally maintaining the materialized XML on every relational update affecting the view, even though users may only be interested in relatively rare events. In this paper, we propose the alternative approach of translating XML triggers into SQL triggers. There are some challenges involved in this approach, however, because triggers can be specified over complex XML views with nested predicates, while SQL triggers can only be specified over flat tables. Consequently, even identifying the parts of an XML view that could have changed due to a (possibly deeply nested) SQL update is a non-trivial task, as is the problem of computing the old and new values of an updated fragment of the view. We address the above challenges and propose a system architecture and an algorithm for supporting triggers over XML views of relational data. We implement and evaluate our system; the performance results indicate our techniques are a feasible approach to supporting triggers over XML views of relational data.
Heavily Aluminum-Doped Epitaxial Layers for Ohmic Contact Formation to p-Type 4H-SiC Produced by Low-Temperature Homoepitaxial Growth

In this work, heavily aluminum (Al)-doped layers for ohmic contact formation to p-type SiC were produced by utilizing the high efficiency of Al incorporation during the epitaxial growth at low temperature, previously demonstrated by the authors’ group. The low-temperature halo-carbon epitaxial growth technique with in situ trimethylaluminum (TMA) doping was used. Nearly featureless epilayer morphology with an Al atomic concentration exceeding 3 × 1020 cm−3 was obtained after growth at 1300°C with a growth rate of 1.5 μm/h. Nickel transfer length method (TLM) contacts with a thin adhesion layer of titanium (Ti) were formed. Even prior to contact annealing, the as-deposited metal contacts were almost completely ohmic, with a specific contact resistance of 2 × 10−2 Ω cm2. The specific contact resistance was reduced to 6 × 10−5 Ω cm2 by employing a conventional rapid thermal anneal (RTA) at 750°C. Resistivity of the epitaxial layers better than 0.01 Ω cm was measured for an Al atomic concentration of 2.7 × 1020 cm−3.
Simulation optimization in strategic location of semi-finished products in a pull-type production system

In many manufacturing environments there are intermediate states of semi-finished products that are shared by several members of the product family. This is true, for instance, in machine tools manufacturing or manufacturing of several printed circuits from the same basic board. For these system, processing parts ahead of time and locating them at strategic stages of the operation may improve the lead time with relatively low levels of work-m-process inventory. This is especially true when production stages do not have a dedicated resource and share a limited number of production equipment. In this paper a simulation model has been developed and interfaced with a simulation-optimization method to determine these levels. Furthermore, a method has been suggested to group optimization parameters such that fewer variables need to be optimized.
Nonlinear, large-strain PZT actuators using controlled structural buckling

Buckling is a highly nonlinear and singular phenomenon in thin beams, and is usually an undesired characteristic that must be prevented from occurring in engineered systems. Buckling, however, can be a useful mechanism for gaining extremely large displacement amplification, since a tiny displacement in the axial direction of the beam may lead to a large defection in the middle of the beam. This paper presents a novel large-strain piezoelectric actuator exploiting the buckling of a structure with imbedded PZT stacks. Although the free displacement of a PZT stack is only 0.1% of the stack length, the buckling mechanism, controlled with an effective algorithm and strategically placed redirecting stiffness, can produce a large bi-polar displacement that is approximately 150 times larger than the original PZT displacement. Furthermore, the structural buckling produces a pronounced nonlinearity in output impedance; the effective stiffness viewed from the output port varies as a function of output displacement, which can be a useful property for those applications where actuator stiffness needs to vary.
A randomized trial of a brief alcohol intervention for needle exchangers (BRAINE).

Aims To test motivational interviewing (MI) as a brief intervention for reducing alcohol use among needle exchange clients. Design Randomized clinical trial. Setting Needle exchange program—Providence, Rhode Island, USA. Participants Between 2/98 and 10/99, we recruited 187 AUDIT-positive (>8) active injection drug users. Intervention Those assigned to a brief motivational intervention (MI) condition received two 1-hour therapist sessions following assessment visits, 1 month apart, focusing on alcohol use and HIV risk-taking. Measurements Control and MI subjects received identical research assessments at baseline, 1 and 6 months following study enrollment. At 6 months, study outcomes included days of alcohol use measured using the time-line follow-back method. Findings Study retention was 96.8% at 6 months. Participants reported an average of 12.0 drinking days at baseline and 8.3 at 6 months. Significant reductions in drinking days were observed in both treatment conditions. We found significant treatment × baseline drinking day interaction effects. Tests for simple main effects were significant for subjects with above median (>9) baseline drinking day frequency, but not for those with below median baseline drinking frequency. Comparisons on dichotomous outcomes provided supporting evidence of treatment efficacy; those in MI were over two times more likely than controls to report reductions of 7 days or more (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study provides the first direct evidence that brief MI can decrease alcohol use among active injection drug users with drinking problems. Heavier drinkers seem best suited for this intervention, but the optimal intensity of treatments and which components of brief intervention are most effective deserve further study.
ON THE CHOICE OF STATISTICAL MODELS FOR ESTIMATING OCCURRENCE AND EXTINCTION FROM ANIMAL SURVEYS

In surveys of natural animal populations the number of animals that are present and available to be detected at a sample location is often low, resulting in few or no detections. Low detection frequencies are especially common in surveys of imperiled species; however, the choice of sampling method and protocol also may influence the size of the population that is vulnerable to detection. In these circumstances, probabilities of animal occurrence and extinction will generally be estimated more accurately if the models used in data analysis account for differences in abundance among sample locations and for the dependence between site-specific abundance and detection. Simulation experiments are used to illustrate conditions wherein these types of models can be expected to outperform alternative estimators of population site occupancy and extinction.
Formation and hydration of C3S prepared by microwave and conventional sintering

A microwave sintering method was used to prepare C3S from precipitated CaCO3, Ludox (SiO2), and Al(OH)3 or Fe2O3. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and calorimetry were used to characterize the sintered samples. The results indicate that heating rate played a very important role in C3S formation in conventional sintering. Microwave sintering resulted in improved formation of C3S compared to conventional sintering, even at the same heating rates. After sintering at 1500°C samples prepared using microwaves were still porous, with a specific surface area of about 0.4 m2/g. Microwave formation of C3S was achieved at temperatures as low as 1350°C when using Al2O3 additions. The use of Fe2O3 as an additive was not as effective in promoting C3S formation as expected. Microwave effects on sintering as well as the sintering setup are also discussed in this paper.
Comparison of stimulated parotid salivary gland flow rates in normotensive and hypertensive persons

Although hypertension is a prevalent condition among the elderly, little is known with respect to the influence of hypertension on oral health and function. Therefore a study was conducted that compared stimulated parotid salivary flow rates in elderly persons (65 years and older) from two diverse populations who are normotensive, mild, and severe hypertensive. The normotensive group consisted of 45 healthy subjects with systolic blood pressures of less than 140 mm Hg and diastolic pressures less than 90 mm Hg. The mildly hypertensive group consisted of 14 otherwise healthy subjects with either systolic pressures greater than 140 mm Hg or diastolic pressures greater than 90 mm Hg. The severely hypertensive group consisted of 10 otherwise healthy subjects with either systolic pressures greater than 180 mm Hg and/or diastolic pressures greater than 100 mm Hg. All three groups were not taking any prescription or nonprescription medications. Samples of 2% citrate-stimulated parotid saliva were collected from each subject. The results showed no significant differences in stimulated parotid flow between normotensive, mildly hypertensive, and severely hypertensive subjects. These results suggest that hypertension per se has no influence on stimulated parotid salivary gland flow rates in otherwise healthy, elderly unmedicated white and African-American persons.
A case base planning approach for dialogue generation in digital movie design

We apply case based reasoning techniques to build an intelligent authoring tool that can assist nontechnical users with authoring their own digital movies. In this paper, we focus on generating dialogue lines between two characters in a movie story. We use Darmok2, a case based planner, extended with a hierarchical plan adaptation module to generate movie characters' dialogue acts with regard to their emotion changes. Then, we use an information state update approach to generate the actual content of each dialogue utterance. Our preliminary study shows that the extended planner can generate coherent dialogue lines which are consistent with user designed movie stories using a small case base authored by novice users. A preliminary user study shows that users like the overall quality of our system generated movie dialogue lines.
Processor Power Reduction Via Single-ISA Heterogeneous Multi-Core Architectures

This paper proposes a single-ISA heterogeneousmulti-core architecture as a mechanism to reduce processorpower dissipation. It assumes a single chip containing a diverseset of cores that target different performance levels and consumedifferent levels of power. During an applications execution,system software dynamically chooses the most appropriate core tomeet specific performance and power requirements. It describesan example architecture with five cores of varying performanceand complexity. Initial results demonstrate a five-fold reductionin energy at a cost of only 25% performance.
Active Disturbance Rejection Control of Chemical Processes

In this paper a novel control strategy, the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC), is applied to the representative process control problems. In the ADRC framework, the disturbance and unmeasured dynamics associated with chemical processes are treated as an additional state variable, which is then estimated and compensated for in real time. This reduces a normally complex, time-varying, nonlinear, and uncertain dynamic process to an approximately linear, time-invariant, cascade-integral form, where a simple proportional-derivative (PD) controller suffices. Simulation studies are performed on two nonlinear continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR), both demonstrate very good performance in the absence of an accurate mathematical model of the process.
Effect of gas phase on SiC and Si3N4 formations from SiO2

During the synthesis of SiC, Si3N 4 and sialon whiskers by carbothermal reduction of SiO 2, a localized formation of amorphous phases or Si2N20 powders was observed beneath these whiskers. Because these whiskers were formed by the vapour/solid mechanism, the controlling gas phase was of primary importance to obtain whiskers of tailored morphology and chemistry. To elucidate the effect of the gas phase composition on the reaction mechanisms of SiC and Si3N 4, the oxygen partial pressure was measured during the synthesis with a Zr02 solid electrolyte. The carbothermal reduction of Si02, as well as evolution of gases, were accelerated by a formation of a molten fluorosilicate with an auxiliary halide bath. The oxygen partial pressure steadily increased with increasing temperature and reached a maximum level of 10-11-10 -12 atm in the early stage of reaction at 1623 K, then decreased again towards the end of reaction in both cases. Effects of the gas phase on the SiC and Si3N 4 formations were not the same: Pco and Pc02 and their ratio were important factors in the SiC formation, while the higher Po02 formed an oxynitride phase in the Si3N 4 formation.
INDEX THEORY OF PERTURBED DOLBEAULT OPERATORS: SMOOTH POLAR DIVISORS

This paper generalizes the index-theoretic content of the physical models studied in [3, 7]. The paper calculates the homology Chern character, and thus the index formula, for a broad class of perturbed Dolbeault operators on complete noncompact complex manifolds. The manifolds studied are complements of smooth polar divisors of meromorphic sections of vector bundles over closed complex manifolds. These sections define complexes of Koszul type that are used to construct the perturbations of the Dolbeault operators.
Adventures Through Deep Time: The Central Mississippi River Valley and Its Earthquakes

The Mississippi River Valley contains many interesting geologic stories, perhaps none more mysterious and potentially dangerous than that of the New Madrid seismic zone earthquakes. Here, deep within the North American plate, the central Mississippi River Valley was lit up by at least three major earthquakes during the winter of 1811–1812. Perhaps we could ignore this if it had been a single sequence, but the paleoseismic record tells us that there have also been four prehistoric earthquake sequences within the past 2,600 yr. In this book we travel through time to see how the central Mississippi Valley region developed. Since the earthquakes are occurring on deep basement faults, it is only fi tting to start in deep Precambrian time and work our way forward in our quest to better understand the geologic framework of this intraplate seismic zone. Are more earthquakes coming? It is my hope that this book will stimulate readers to pursue this and many other geologic problems in the Mississippi River Valley.
Reentry and Recidivism for Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists

The self-reported prevalence of drug diversion (diverting hospital medications for self-administration) among certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) is 9.8%. However, much of the addiction literature fails to focus specifically on CRNAs’ reentry into practice. This article discusses reentry and recidivism in CRNAs and includes successful strategies, such as medication therapy.
The Algebra–Geometry Dictionary

In this chapter, we will explore the correspondence between ideals and varieties. In §§1 and 2, we will prove the Nullstellensatz, a celebrated theorem which identifies exactly which ideals correspond to varieties. This will allow us to construct a “dictionary” between geometry and algebra, whereby any statement about varieties can be translated into a statement about ideals (and conversely). We will pursue this theme in §§3 and 4, where we will define a number of natural algebraic operations on ideals and study their geometric analogues. In keeping with the computational emphasis of this course, we will develop algorithms to carry out the algebraic operations. In §§5 and 6, we will study the more important algebraic and geometric concepts arising out of the Hilbert Basis Theorem: notably the possibility of decomposing a variety into a union of simpler varieties and the corresponding algebraic notion of writing an ideal as an intersection of simpler ideals.
An Update On 401(K) Plans In The United States

Today, 401(k) plans have become one of the most popular retirement savings programs offered by corporate America. With their enormous popularity, 401(k) plans have experienced spectacular growth and expansion since their creation under the Revenue Act of 1978. It is estimated that there are 423,000 401(k) plans in the United States with an estimated 1.8 trillion dollars in assets. (EBRI Facts, 2005) This paper traces the creation and establishment of 401(k) plans in the United States. A discussion pertaining to the recently passed Pension Protection Act of 2006 and its major changes regarding 401(k) plans will also be provided in order to assist business leaders in continuing to offer this very popular retirement program.
The Role of Pseudo References in MT Evaluation

Previous studies have shown automatic evaluation metrics to be more reliable when compared against many human translations. However, multiple human references may not always be available. It is more common to have only a single human reference (extracted from parallel texts) or no reference at all. Our earlier work suggested that one way to address this problem is to train a metric to evaluate a sentence by comparing it against pseudo references, or imperfect "references" produced by off-the-shelf MT systems. In this paper, we further examine the approach both in terms of the training methodology and in terms of the role of the human and pseudo references. Our expanded experiments show that the approach generalizes well across multiple years and different source languages.
Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the Current Era A Report From the Prevention of REStenosis with Tranilast and its Outcomes (PRESTO) Trial

Background— Diabetes portends an adverse prognosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Whether improvements in current clinical practice (stents, IIb/IIIa antagonists) have resulted in substantial improvement of these outcomes remains an issue. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of diabetes on 9-month outcomes of patients undergoing PCI in the current era. Methods and Results— The 11 482 patients enrolled in the Prevention of REStenosis with Tranilast and its Outcomes (PRESTO) Trial were stratified according to the presence (n=2694) or absence (n=8798) of diabetes. Diabetic patients were older; were more likely to be female; had a higher proportion of congestive failure, hypertension, prior CABG, and unstable angina; and had higher body mass index and lower ejection fraction than nondiabetic patients (P<0.01 for all comparisons). The degree of multivessel disease was similar between the two groups. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association typ...
Get Yourself Tested 2011-2012: findings and prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae at an urban public health system

During April 2011 and April 2012 the Get Yourself Tested campaign was launched throughout the Cook County Health and Hospitals System to promote testing of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria ...
The Pace of Change: Non-practicing Entities and the Shifting Legal Landscape

In ordinary circumstances, legal doctrines evolve at a glacial pace. As I have discussed in prior work, law is constantly driven to adapt to changing circumstances within existing frameworks, as tested and refined through various spheres of acceptance.1 This is not, however, a speedy process, and it can take years or even decades for issues on the ground to bubble up to the level of an administrative agency, let alone the Supreme Court or Congress.
Breast cancer treatment patterns of Asian-American women in an equal access system

589 Background: Treatment patterns of breast cancer in Asian-American women have not been well studied. Existing studies suggest higher mastectomy rates compared to Whites, but have been unable to control for differences in access to healthcare. The objective was to describe primary and adjuvant treatment patterns of Asian women in an equal-access healthcare system. Methods: Data were extracted from the tumor registry to include women diagnosed with T1-T2, M0 breast cancer between 1989 and 2004 and treated at the Naval Medical Center San Diego, an equal-access system. Self-reported data was used to classify race. Military rank was used as a proxy for socioeconomic status and education level. Characteristics and treatment patterns of Asian and White women were compared by the two-sided Fisher’s exact test and multiple logistic regression with consideration of covariates. Results: 574 non-Hispanic White and 226 Asian-American women resulted from the query. Asian women received mastectomy more often than Whi...
A geometry-based approach to determining time-temperature superposition shifts in aging experiments

A powerful way to expand the time and frequency range of material properties is through a method called time-temperature superposition (TTS). Traditionally, TTS has been applied to the dynamical mechanical and flow properties of thermo-rheologically simple materials, where a well-defined master curve can be objectively and accurately obtained by appropriate shifts of curves at different temperatures. However, TTS analysis can also be useful in many other situations where there is scatter in the data and where the principle holds only approximately. In such cases, shifting curves can become a subjective exercise and can often lead to significant errors in the long-term prediction. This mandates the need for an objective method of determining TTS shifts. Here, we adopt a method based on minimizing the “arc length” of the master curve, which is designed to work in situations where there is overlapping data at successive temperatures. We examine the accuracy of the method as a function of increasing noise in the data, and explore the effectiveness of data smoothing prior to TTS shifting. We validate the method using existing experimental data on the creep strain of an aramid fiber and the powder coarsening of an energetic material.
Rescue or Return: The Fate of the Iraqi Jewish Archive

Shortly following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, an American mobile exploitation team was diverted from its mission in hunting for weapons for mass destruction to search for an ancient Talmud in the basement of Saddam Hussein's secret police (Mukhabarat) headquarters in Baghdad. Instead of finding the ancient holy book, the soldiers rescued from the basement flooded with several feet of fetid water an invaluable archive of disparate individual and communal documents and books relating to one of the most ancient Jewish communities in the world. The seizure of Jewish cultural materials by the Mukhabarat recalled similar looting by the Nazis during World War II. The materials were spirited out of Iraq to the United States with a vague assurance of their return after being restored. Several years after their arrival in the United States for conservation, the Iraqi Jewish archive has become contested cultural property between Jewish groups and the Iraqi Jewish diaspora on the one hand and Iraqi cultural officials on the other. This article argues that the archive comprises the cultural property and heritage of the Iraqi Jewish diaspora.
Microwave processing of redox ceramic-metal composites

Ceramic-metal composites have been produced through the reduction of copper oxide (CuO) and the oxidation of aluminum in a reducing atmosphere. Fine powders of CuO and Al (<38 {micro}m) were mixed with yttria stabilized zirconia, ball milled and uniaxially pressed into disc samples. Microwave hybrid heating was used to process samples using {beta}-SiC and activated carbon powder as susceptors. Pyrolysis of the carbon provided the reducing atmosphere. The resulting Cu/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Y-ZrO{sub 2} composite was analyzed for density, compressive strength and resistivity.
Turfgrass Species and Endophyte Effects on Survival, Development, and Feeding Preference of Black Cutworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Growth, developmental rate, and survival of black cutworms, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), were compared on cool-season turfgrasses used commonly on golf courses, including cultivars with or without Neotyphodium spp. (= Acremonium spp.) endophytes. We also studied feeding preferences of neonates and 5th instars, including possible effects of induction of preference, to clarify patterns of movement of larvae between creeping bentgrass, Agrostis palustds Hudson, putting greens and peripheral areas. Development of black cutworms on 3 diverse cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis L., was much poorer than on all other turfgrasses tested. Most larvae that fed on Kentucky bluegrass did not survive to pupation. In contrast, endophyte-free ‘Assure’ perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L., and ‘SR8300’ tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreber, were generally as suitable for cutworms as creeping bentgrass, the standard grass used on putting greens. Larvae reared on endophyte-infected SR8300 tall fescue showed no adverse effects; those fed endophyte-infected Assure perennial ryegrass showed only small reductions in growth rate compared with larvae reared on the same cultivar without endophyte. In laboratory choice tests, 1-d-old larvae consistently preferred creeping bentgrass over Kentucky bluegrass or tall fescue, regardless of which grass they had fed upon during the preceding 24 h. There was evidence for induction of preference for perennial ryegrass over creeping bentgrass in 1 of 2 trials. Preferences of 5th instars were more variable, but creeping bentgrass was preferred consistently over Kentucky bluegrass. In paired field plots, 5th instars did not discriminate between creeping bentgrass and perennial ryegrass, but preferred both of those species over Kentucky bluegrass. These results indicate that black cutworm densities could build up in areas of tall fescue or perennial ryegrass surrounding golf course putting greens and tees, and that endophyte infection of those grasses will not necessarily provide resistance. Use of Kentucky bluegrass in higher-mowed, peripheral areas may reduce numbers of black cutworms developing in roughs and fairways and later crawling onto putting greens.
Coexistence of superconductivity and antiferromagnetism in CeRh 1-x Co x In 5

Single-crystal specimens of ${\mathrm{CeRh}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{x}{\mathrm{In}}_{5}$ have been investigated by means of specific heat, electrical resistivity, and magnetic susceptibility measurements as a function of temperature. The measurements reveal the occurrence of superconductivity in compounds with $0.4l~xl~1.0$ with superconducting transition temperatures between $\ensuremath{\sim}1$ and 2 K and antiferromagnetic order in compounds with $0.2l~xl~0.6$ with N\'eel temperatures between $\ensuremath{\sim}3$ and 4 K. Superconductivity and antiferromagnetism appear to coexist for concentrations in the range $0.4l~xl~0.6.$ Specific-heat measurements indicate that the total entropy under the superconducting and antiferromagnetic transitions is comparable for the samples with $0l~xl~0.8,$ which implies that the same electrons are participating in the two phenomena. Measurements of the ac magnetic susceptibility revealed superconducting transitions in single-crystal specimens of ${\mathrm{CeRhIn}}_{5}$ at ${T}_{c}=0.09 \mathrm{K},$ but the superconductivity was suppressed when the samples were powdered.
Contact Transmission of Poliomyelitis Virus Among Monkeys.

Summary1) Poliomyelitis virus was fed to 4 groups of 5 monkeys each which were subsequently caged with an equal number of normal animals. 2) All of those fed virus became infected as evidenced by either the development of paralysis or virus excretion accompanied by an antibody rise. 3) Two of the contact monkeys became paralyzed and although one of these and 10 others excreted virus briefly, antibodies developed and were demonstrated only in the 2 paralyzed animals suggesting that sub-clinical infection did not occur.
Partial Identification in Two-sided Matching Models

We propose a methodology for estimating preference parameters in matching models. Our estimator applies to repeated observations of matchings among a fixed group of individuals. Our estimator is based on the stability conditions in matching models; we consider both transferable (TU) and nontransferable utility (NTU) models. In both cases, the stability conditions yield moment inequalities which can be taken to the data. The preference parameters are partially identified. We consider simple illustrative examples, and also an empirical application to aggregate marriage markets.
Problems and Prioritization Scheme of Web Design in Agricultural Science Research Institutes

Aiming at the existing problems of agricultural research institutes web design at the present stage,and according to the basic principle of web design and the industrial characteristics of agricultural research institutes,the study put forward the prioritization schemes of web design.The essay suggested that agricultural science research institute web designer should follow the basic principles of web design,adhere to the "user-centric" design concept,accurately determine the content and the subject,form their own style of web page,so as to raise the utilization ratio and serve the customers better.
Design and Development of Basic Functions of JTAPI-based Dispatching Server

With the development of IP technology and update of dispatching equipment,multimedia dispatching system is more intuitive and user-friendly than traditional dispatching system.So the power dispatching system introduces softswitch technology to develop multi-media dispatching system.On the basis of in-depth study of CTI technology and its JTAPI standard protocol interface,according to the requirements of power communication dispatching system,this paper proposes a multimedia dispatching system architecture based on Cisco Unified Communications platform.For the basic functions of dispatching server in the framework-such as outside call,conference,force in,force break etc.,this paper gives a Java develop specific method based on JTAPI standard interface.
Memory, Presence, and Time An Autoethnographic Postcard

Written after concentrated reading of compact autoethnographies, this autoethnographic postcard sets out to briefly acknowledge and reach out to these scholars (and other autoethnographers) in a way that emphasizes gratitude about the shared nature of the human experience.
Crystal structure of 4,5-di-nitro-1H-imidazole.

The title compound, C3H2N4O4, forms crystals with two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit which are conformationally similar. With the exception of the O atoms of the nitro groups, the mol­ecules are essentially planar. In the crystal, adjacent mol­ecules are associated by N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds involving the imidazole N—H donors and N-atom acceptors of the unsaturated nitro­gen of neighboring rings, forming layers parallel to (010).
Brief Announcement: Fast Concurrent Cuckoo Kick-Out Eviction Schemes for High-Density Tables

Cuckoo hashing guarantees constant-time lookups regardless of table density, making it a viable candidate for high-density tables. Cuckoo hashing insertions perform poorly at high table densities, however. In this paper, we mitigate this problem through the introduction of novel kick-out eviction algorithms. Experimentally, our algorithms reduce the number of bins viewed per insertion for high-density tables by as much as a factor of ten. We also implement an optimistic concurrency scheme for serializable multi-writer cuckoo hash tables (not using hardware transactional memory). For delete-light loads, one of our kick-out schemes avoids all competition between insertions with high probability, and significantly reduces transaction-abort frequency. This result is extended to arbitrary workloads using a new mechanism called a claim flag.
Rabbit Model of Shigellosis

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the clinical and pathological features of a rabbit model for shigellosis. Shigellosis, or bacillary dysentery, is a gastrointestinal disease caused by four species or serogroups of Shigella,which include S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. sonnei, and S. boydii. This infection is characterized by fever, tenesmus, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea, with or without blood and mucus. New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits (Oryctolagus cunniculus)of either sex weighing 2–2.5 kg and 10–12 weeks old are used in this model. As Shigella is highly infectious for humans, rabbits are housed in an isolated room in standard stainless-steel rabbit cages. The cage floors are constructed of flat, spaced bars, which allow all urine and contaminated feces to fall into pans containing a 1:256 dilution of a bactericidal reagent. Rabbits are conditioned 36 hours before inoculation by withholding food and by the administration of a single 250 mg dose of tetracycline oral suspension in the water bottle. On the day of inoculation, rabbits are anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine. Within 24 hours of inoculation, rabbits become very lethargic and reluctant to move. If a fairly high dose of a particularly pathogenic strain of Shigella is used, all the rabbits become moribund, develop diarrhea, and die within 24 hours. The stool changes from normal, formed pellets to watery diarrhea overnight. The rabbit model of shigellosis has been used extensively to elucidate the pathophysiology of shigella infection. The usefulness of the rabbit model is further enhanced by the fact that the inoculation dose of Shigella organisms can be adjusted to result in colonization without illness.
The role of data visualization and analytics in performance management: Guiding entrepreneurial growth decisions

Abstract This case introduces you to a small but growing e-commerce venture and asks you to assume the role of an accountant tasked with designing a performance management system that aligns with the venture’s growth objectives. Using a sample of actual customer, order, and revenue data, you are guided to develop visualizations in Excel and Tableau and communicate your findings. Finally, the case challenges you to map business problems with analytical techniques such as regression, decision trees, and clustering in order to prioritize activities and manage the growth the company has experienced to date. The case addresses a growing need for accountants to develop competency in predictive analytics (PwC, 2015).
The Evolving Health Policy Landscape and Suggested Geriatric Tenets to Guide Future Responses.

We cannot view the future of healthcare but we can sense that big changes are afoot. Many revolve around the plans to “repeal and replace” the Affordable Care Act. We speculate on some potential areas of change in the context of a set of tenets about what care for older persons should address.
Elements of contract interpretation

Preface Chapter 1: Goals, Tasks and Theories Chapter 2: The Elements Chapter 3: Identifying the Terms Chapter 4: The Ambiguity Question Chapter 5: Resolving Ambiguities Chapter 6: Objective Contextual Interpretation Index
Speed, Safety, and Industry Funding — From PDUFA I to PDUFA VI

The FDA Reauthorization Act of 2017 includes the sixth version of the Prescription Drug User Fee Act. User fees have accelerated drug approvals in the context of inadequate funding of the FDA, and industry now pays 75% of the costs of the scientific review of drugs.
The Limit Assumption

In the literature on modality and conditionals, the Limit Assumption is routinely invoked to ensure that a simple definition of necessity (truth at all minimal worlds) can safely be substituted for a more complicated one (cf. Lewis’s and Kratzer’s definitions involving multiple layers of quantification). The Limit Assumption itself was formulated by David Lewis in 1973 and 1981, and while its plausibility has at times been debated on philosophical grounds, its content is rarely questioned. I show that there is in fact no single “correct” Limit Assumption: which one is right depends on structural properties of the model and the intended notion of necessity. The version that is most widely appealed to in the linguistic literature turns out to be incorrect for its intended purpose. The source of the confusion can be traced back to Lewis himself. BibTeX info
Correlating microstructure and superelasticity of directed energy deposition additive manufactured Ni-rich NiTi alloys

Abstract Laser-based directed energy deposition (LDED) additive manufacturing of Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloys was shown to produce inhomogeneous precipitate morphologies and characteristic grain structures consisting of columnar grains coexisting with equiaxed and subgrain structures. Post-processing solutionizing and aging heat treatments impacted microstructure and martensitic phase transformation (MT) responses underpinning superelastic shape memory responses. A solution treatment of 950 °C for 24 h was found to produce a uniform composition of the B2 austenite parent phase without affecting the coexistence of columnar and equiaxed substructures. Aging the solution treated material brought about a spatially uniform Ni4Ti3 precipitate morphology. Due to the uniform morphology, an underlying austenite-martensite interface motion accompanies the compressive stress-induced MT (SIMT). Reversible interface motion underpinned the compressive superelastic response for the solutionized and aged condition. On the other hand, strain concentrations existed at different spatial locations in the as built condition as well as when the as built material was aged. The stark contrasts in the SIMT exposed precipitate morphology as a controlling factor in tailoring the superelastic response of Ni-rich NiTi SMAs fabricated by LDED.
Biological and osseointegration capabilities of hierarchically (meso-/micro-/nano-scale) roughened zirconia.

Purpose Zirconia is a potential alternative to titanium for dental and orthopedic implants. Here we report the biological and bone integration capabilities of a new zirconia surface with distinct morphology at the meso-, micro-, and nano-scales. Methods Machine-smooth and roughened zirconia disks were prepared from yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP), with rough zirconia created by solid-state laser sculpting. Morphology of the surfaces was analyzed by three-dimensional imaging and profiling. Rat femur-derived bone marrow cells were cultured on zirconia disks. Zirconia implants were placed in rat femurs and the strength of osseointegration was evaluated by biomechanical push-in test. Results The rough zirconia surface was characterized by meso-scale (50 µm wide, 6-8 µm deep) grooves, micro-scale (1-10 µm wide, 0.1-3 µm deep) valleys, and nano-scale (10-400 nm wide, 10-300 nm high) nodules, whereas the machined surface was flat and uniform. The average roughness (Ra) of rough zirconia was five times greater than that of machined zirconia. The expression of bone-related genes such as collagen I, osteopontin, osteocalcin, and BMP-2 was 7-25 times upregulated in osteoblasts on rough zirconia at the early stage of culture. The number of attached cells and rate of proliferation were similar between machined and rough zirconia. The strength of osseointegration for rough zirconia was twice that of machined zirconia at weeks two and four of healing, with evidence of mineralized tissue persisting around rough zirconia implants as visualized by electron microscopy and elemental analysis. Conclusion This unique meso-/micro-/nano-scale rough zirconia showed a remarkable increase in osseointegration compared to machine-smooth zirconia associated with accelerated differentiation of osteoblasts. Cell attachment and proliferation were not compromised on rough zirconia unlike on rough titanium. This is the first report introducing a rough zirconia surface with distinct hierarchical morphology and providing an effective strategy to improve and develop zirconia implants.
Lipid and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis

Lipids can be a cause of inflammation especially with regards to the development of atherosclerotic plaque and their subsequent rupture that leads to heart attacks and strokes. Here we discuss the role of biomarkers in this process as well as the effects of oxidized LDL on transformation of macrophages into foam cells and their cytotoxic effects. Moreover, we provide evidence of cholesterol crystal formation early in atherosclerosis and triggering the NLRP3 inflammasomes similar to what is known to occur with monosodium urate crystals in gout. These mechanisms eventually lead to the accumulation of free cholesterol in the extracellular space forming a necrotic core within the plaque. The core then expands with the crystallization of cholesterol from a liquid to a solid state piercing the fibrous cap and the intima to trigger systemic inflammation and subsequent rupture.
Are there Hemispheric Differences in Visual Processes that Utilize Gestalt Principles

Hemispheric differences in the visual system have been well-established, although their exactnature remains under study (Hellige 1990). Thus far, research has focused on the perception ofwhole objects or scenes. Van Kleeck and Kosslyn (1989) investigated the possibility oflateralization for Gestalt principles using an embedded figures task. They^ found an effect oflateralization, that parts of figures fitting Gestalt breaks were more quickly identified by the rightthan the left hemisphere. They concluded that Gestalt processing is lateralized to the righthemisphere. In this study, two experiments were conducted to more closely investigate thisclaim. The first experiment focused on the Gestalt principle of grouping by proximity using dotlattices. No effects of lateralization were found. In the second experiment, concentric circles ofGabor patches were used to test grouping by orientation. This did not result in any main effectsof hemisphere, but in reaction time, those stimuli with the probe located in central vision createda large decrease in reaction time for the right hemisphere, while probes in the periphery caused agreater increase for the right hemisphere than the left. This seems to indicate that not all Gestaltprinciples are processed preferentially in the right hemisphere, but some Gestalt principles doshow the same lateralization as found by Van Kleeck and Kosslyn.
Congenital Head and Neck Masses

A thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common congenital neck mass. Its evaluation and diagnosis can be performed with ultrasonongraphy that is noninvasive and cost-effective. A Sistrunk procedure is the recommended surgical resection. Branchial cleft anomalies result from abnormal development of the branchial apparatus, forming sinuses, fistulas, or cysts. Second branchial anomalies are the most common, occurring along a tract that extends deep to the second arch structures. The treatment for all branchial anomalies is surgical excision. Dermoids and teratomas are composed of one to three germ layer components. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice but needs to be tempered by the relation of the tumor to critical structures. Lymphatic malformations have varying histologic and anatomic features that assist in predicting the likely response of these neck masses to various treatment modalities. Single cysts and macrocystic lymphangiomas are most amenable to sclerotherapy, but are also easily treated with surgical resection. Microcystic and cavernous lymphangiomas are less successfully treated with sclerotherapy and/or surgical resection and may need multiple resections. Thymic anomalies result from thymic rest cells that are deposited in the neck during development. Thymic cysts are the most common thymic anomalies and often mimic second branchial cleft cysts. Surgical excision is the preferred treatment. Fibromatosis coli, which presents in the first few weeks of life, results from edema and fibrosis of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Spontaneous resolution within the first year of life is the rule, but physical therapy should be initiated if neck rotation is limited.
Superfluidity of Monolayer Helium Films

We report the first theoretical results indicating the presence of monolayer superfluidity in 4 He films on a single crystal Li surface. Path integral Monte Carlo simulations results show that 4 He adsorbs strongly on Li, where it forms a superfluid liquid monolayer. On K, instead, the film is spread in surface-normal direction, and localized laterally. We discuss the implication of these results for wetting and superfluid transitions.
Tailoring Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Skill Coaching in the Moment Through Smartphones: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial

There is growing evidence for the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) interventions delivered through smartphones, but research has not yet focused on how to optimize such interventions. One benefit of mobile interventions is the ability to adapt content based on in-the-moment variables. The current randomized controlled trial evaluated whether an ACT app that tailored skill coaching based on in-the-moment ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) would be more efficacious than the same app where skill coaching was random or an EMA-only condition. A sample of 69 adults interested in using a self-help app were randomized to one of three app conditions and used the app for the following 4 weeks. Results indicated equivalently high user satisfaction with the tailored versus random apps. Participants used the EMA-only app the most and the tailored app the least, but overall adherence was adequate. Participants in the tailored app improved significantly more on psychological distress and positive mental health relative to the random app and EMA-only conditions. However, no differences were found between the random app and EMA-only conditions on outcomes. Between-group differences over time were also found on psychological inflexibility, but this appeared to be primarily due to a lower rate of improvement in the random app condition relative to both tailored and EMA-only. Overall, these results suggest that tailoring ACT skill coaching based on in-the-moment variables leads to greater efficacy.