cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic ellipsometry studies on ion beam sputter deposited Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 films on sapphire and Pt-coated silicon substrates

Abstract Spectroscopic ellipsometry has been utilized to non-destructively depth profile multi-ion beam reactively sputtered lead zirconate titanate films. Some degree of inhomogeneity (in the form of low density layers or surface roughness) was found in all of the films examined. The evolution in the structure and microstructure of such films during post-deposition annealing was investigated with in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. It was found that the onset of microstructural inhomogeneities was associated with the crystallization of the perovskite phase, and that the final film microstructure was dependent on the details of the annealing process. A model was developed to approximate the effect that local density variations play in determining the net electrical properties of ferroelectric films. Depending on the configuration of the embedded porosity, it was demonstrated that microstructural inhomogeneities can significantly change the net dielectric constant, coercive field, and remanent polarization of ferroelectric films. It has also been shown that low density regions near the film/substrate interface can result in apparent size effects in ferroelectric films.
Airborne downlooking lidar measurements during state 78

Abstract EPA's airborne downlooking dye lidar was operated during the STATE field program in western Kentucky/Tennessee in the summer of 1978. In this paper, lidar estimates of height of the atmospheric mixing layer are shown and compared with in situ measurements. Lidar estimates of crosswind and vertical dimensions of TVA power plant plumes are compared with appropriate literature values and with in situ estimates from data compiled by other STATE investigators; wherever necessary, data are adjusted to ensure compatibility with respect to sampling time. In addition, lidar measurements of plume rise are compared with model calculations. The lidar estimates of mixing layer height were usually slightly higher than in situ counterparts, presumably because aerosols may rise and become trapped above the base of the elevated stable layer. Values of plume rise computed using the Briggs models were generally similar to those indicated from lidar measurements although considerable scattering of data existed; supplementary data indicated that the scatter could be reduced with the inclusion of the vertical shear of the horizontal wind in the models. When adjustment with respect to sampling time was accomplished, the lidar values of plume dimensions compared reasonably well with values obtained using data collected by in situ measurement platforms. The situations sampled by the lidar were almost exclusively at night or in the daytime when the plume was above the top of the mixing layer. For such situations, effects of initial mixing due to buoyancy and diffusion are apparent in the vertical plume spread. Effects of initial mixing due to buoyancy, turning of the horizontal wind with height, and diffusion are apparent in the crosswind plume spread; this was surmised through comparison of the lidar plume dimensions with the Pasquill-Gifford dispersion curves. The data, thus, provide additional evidence that information on the plume buoyancy, turning of the wind with height and the height, of the plume in relation to that of the mixing layer must be included in any new scheme or any adaptation of an existing scheme for the estimation of the spread for large, elevated buoyant plumes.
Biases in radiologic reasoning.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to outline common biases in medical reasoning that contribute to avoidable errors in diagnostic and therapeutic decision making.CONCLUSION. By recognizing and understanding common biases in medical reasoning, we can more effectively counteract them.
Corticotropin-releasing factor inhibition of sheep fetal colonic contractility: mechanisms to prevent meconium passage in utero.

Objective In humans, fetal in utero meconium (MEC) passage rarely occurs before term gestation. We hypothesized the existence of inhibitory mechanism(s) preventing colonic motility and MEC passage prior to term. Study Design Longitudinal smooth muscle strips prepared from distal colon of preterm ovine fetuses (130-132 d; term=148-152 d) were examined for their contractile responses to muscarinic receptor agonist (bethanechol) and both nonspecific (atropine) and receptor subtype specific antagonists (M1: pirenzepine dihydrochloride, M2 methoctramine, M3: 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methlpiperidine methiodide [4-DAMP] and M4: tropicamide) in an in vitro organ bath system. Effects of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) and Urocortin I (URO-I), known modulators of colonic motility and smooth muscle contractility, were studied on bethanechol-induced contractility. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to confirm the expression of CRF and URO-I, and muscarinic and CRF R2 receptors in distal colon. Results Bethanechol induced smooth muscle contractions via muscarinic receptor subtype M3. CRF and URO-I elicited a significant inhibition of bethanechol induced contraction. Immunohistochemical analysis verified the expression of muscarinic receptor subtype M3, CRF, URO-I and CRF-receptor-R2 in distal colon. Conclusion Inhibition of M3 dependent distal colonic motility by CRF system may prevent the passage of MEC in the preterm ovine fetus.
Dynamic loosening and tightening of a single-bolt assembly

Previous analyses of threaded fasteners under vibration are based on static equilibrium conditions with supporting data limited to low frequency loading. Such analyses predict only a net loosening action. This paper presents a dynamic model of a single-bolt assembly with moderate pre-load subjected to axial harmonic vibration. Simulations with this model predict that threaded fasteners can, on the average, loosen or tighten in the presence of vibration; and that the applied vibration, as well as other system parameters, can be tuned so that either action occurs. Measurements from a single-bolt assembly apparatus are presented and compared with the simulations.
Rate Constant for the Recombination Reaction CH3 + CH3 → C2H6 at T = 298 and 202 K

The recombination of methyl radicals is the major loss process for methyl in the atmospheres of Saturn and Neptune. The serious disagreement between observed and calculated levels of CH3 has led to suggestions that the atmospheric models greatly underestimated the loss of CH3 due to poor knowledge of the rate of the reaction CH3 + CH3 + M → C2H6 + M at the low temperatures and pressures of these atmospheric systems. In an attempt to resolve this problem, the absolute rate constant for the self-reaction of CH3 has been measured using the discharge-flow kinetic technique coupled to mass spectrometric detection at T = 202 and 298 K and P = 0.6−2.0 Torr nominal pressure (He). CH3 was produced by the reaction of F with CH4, with [CH4] in large excess over [F], and detected by low energy (11 eV) electron impact ionization at m/z = 15. The results were obtained by graphical analysis of plots of the reciprocal of the CH3 signal vs reaction time. At T = 298 K, k1(0.6 Torr) = (2.15 ± 0.42) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-...
Nuclear weapons and the Indo-Pakistani conflict: Global implications of a regional power cycle

This article examines the implications of possession of nuclear weapons for war between India and Pakistan. Existing literature derived from us-Soviet interaction during the Cold War may have little relevance to conflicts between developing nations with small and vulnerable nuclear arsenals. Applying power cycle theory within a regional context, this study explores possible global ramifications of a South Asian nuclear arms race. Power cycle theory suggests that Indo-Pakistani military competition may accelerate shifts in the relative power trends throughout Asia, causing abrupt changes in future foreign policy expectations and security that could ultimately affect the nuclear programs of both Russia and the United States.
A Mesoscale Modeling Study of the Atmospheric Circulation of High Southern Latitudes

The meteorology of high southern latitudes during winter is simulated using a cloud-free version of The Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model version 4 (MM4) with a 100-km horizontal resolution. Comparisons between idealized simulations of Antarctic with MM4 and with the mesoscale model of Parish and Waight reveal that both models produce similarly realistic velocity fields in the boundary layer. The latter model tends to produce slightly faster drainage winds over East Antarctica. The intensity of the katabatic winds produced by MM4 is sensitive to parameterizations of boundary layer fluxes. Two simulations performed with MM4 using analyses from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for June 1988 as initial and boundary conditions. A simulation of the period from 000 UTC 2 June to 0000 UTC 8 June produces realistic synoptic phenomena including ridge development over East Antarctica, frontogenesis over the Amundsen Sea, and a katabatic surge over the Ross Ice Shelf. The simulated time-averaged fields for June 1988, particularly that of a 500-hPa height, are in good agreement with time-averaged fields analyzed by the ECMWF. The results of the simulations provide detailed features of the Antarctic winter boundary layer along the steeply sloping terrain. Highest boundary layer wind speeds averaged over the month-long simulation are approximately 20 m/s. The lack of latent heating in the simulations apparently results in some bias in the results. In particular, the cloud-free version of MM4 underpredicts the intensity of lows in the sea level pressure field.
Legal Scholarship, Realism, and the Search for Minimum World Order

In recent years the parlous state of public order in the world community has become an irresistible goad to creative energy by legal scholars. Unfortunately, the significance of many potentially valuable contributions to an improved order has been diluted by the tendency of writers to approach their thesis from the limited perspective of their own discipline as a more or less closed system, or to develop their views while suffering from what Harold Lasswell has referred to as the “syndrome of parochialism.” 1 In an era characterized by intensive professional specialization and mounting chauvinism, the international lawyer who can surmount the parochialism of his own profession and his own cultural predispositions is a rarity indeed; the paragon who can do so consistently is even rarer.
Cardiac hypertrophy and the Wnt/Frizzled pathway.

The heart responds to sustained pressure overload with hypertrophy. Although at first glance this seems to be an adaptive mechanism by which the heart battles against increased workload, there is evidence that these “compensatory changes,” even early in the game, are different from the benign, truly adaptive response that occurs, for example, in athletes.1 In this group, hypertrophy is characterized by “physiological” myocyte growth and usually does not carry a poor prognosis. On the other hand, in hypertrophy associated with cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension or aortic stenosis, increased expression of noncontractile proteins, such as collagen, as well as fetal isoforms of contractile proteins, take place, resulting in fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, and, subsequently, heart failure. Therefore, differentiating the adaptive or “good” hypertrophy from the maladaptive or “bad” hypertrophy and their different pathways seems to be appropriate. Over the past decades, scientists have been studying left ventricular hypertrophy and its many intracellular mechanisms, trying to better understand the cellular changes that lead to pressure-activated hypertrophy and subsequent heart failure. It appears that some of these changes might be compensatory and some others, detrimental.1 The Wnt signaling pathways play key roles in the differentiation, proliferation, death, and function of cells and, as a result, are involved in critical developmental, growth, and homeostatic processes. The Wnts are a family of genes/proteins. …
ACCURACY OF THE AIRBORNE ECONOMICAL RADIOMETER

Abstract Further data are presented to indicate the accuracy of the airborne economical radiometer (frequently termed radiometersonde when used in a modified radiosonde system) in the measurement of infrared radiation, in view of its recent widespread use. Three aspects are discussed. The first deals with a nocturnal ground comparison of the economical radiometer with a Suomi ventilated radiometer. The second covers an analysis of random errors in the net radiation obtained with the economical radiometer in the radiometersonde system. And, finally, an experimental in-flight verification of the correctness of the conductivity term in the equations for the economical radiometer is discussed.
Maternal prepregnancy overweight and offspring fatness and blood pressure: role of physical activity.

The purpose of this study was to examine if offspring physical activity may affect the relationship between maternal overweight and offspring fatness and blood pressure (BP). Subjects included 144 maternal-child pairs (n = 74 boys and 70 girls, mean age = 7.3 yrs). Maternal prepregnancy BMI was determined by selfreport. Offspring characteristics included resting systolic and diastolic BP, body fatness by dual energy x-ray absorbtiometry, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) using the Actigraph accelerometer. Children whose mothers were overweight or obese prepregnancy (Prepreg OW) were significantly larger and fatter than children from mothers with a normal prepregnancy BMI (Prepreg NORM). Prepreg OW children also had higher mean arterial pressure than Prepreg NORM children. BP values were not different across maternal Prepreg BMI/MVPA groups. Percent fat was significantly different across Prepreg BMI/MVPA groups. Prepreg OW children that did not meet the daily recommended value of MVPA were the fattest. Prepreg OW children that attained ³60 min of MVPA/ day had a mean percent body fat that was similar to Prepreg NORM children of either MVPA group.
Page kidney phenomenon secondary to an atypical presentation of Erdheim-Chester disease

A 50-year-old man with a 6-month history of arthralgias, recurrent pericardial and pleural effusions presented to the nephrology clinic with uncontrolled hypertension and elevated creatinine. No proteinuria or hematuria was noted. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed a hypodense tissue encasing both kidneys (Figure 1A). Tissue biopsy revealed a fibroproliferative process, dense fibrosis and focal collections of histiocytes (Figure 1B). These histiocytes had a dense amphophilic cytoplasm, but were not foamy. Given our clinical impression, specific immunostains were performed. Histiocytes stained positive for CD68 (Figure 1C) and factor XIIIa, and negative for CD1a, Alk-1 and S-100. Findings were consistent with Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) and the patient underwent a trial of interferon therapy with minimal improvement and subsequently imitinab therapy with some stabilization of symptoms. Fig. 1: (A) CT image of the abdomen showed a dense collection encasing the kidneys bilaterally, and inset shows the positron emission tomography scan. (B) Hematoxylin and eosin stain of the tissue biopsy revealed a fibroproliferative process, and focal collections ... ECD is a systemic, infiltrative disease, characterized classically by foamy histiocytes, with immunohistochemical characteristics different from those of Langerhans cell (LC) histiocytosis [1]. LC expresses proteins CD1a and S100 and demonstrates the presence of Birbeck granules [1, 2]. ECD is composed of histiocytes that express evidence of phagocytic differentiation, hence stain positive for CD68, but lack proteins CD1a and S100 and Birbeck granules [1, 2]. ECD shows a tropism for connective, adipose and perivascular tissues, almost always involves bone with characteristic osteosclerosis of long bones and can present with potentially life-threatening complications, such as heart failure and tamponade [1, 2]. Renal and perirenal involvement was found in 29% of patients [2]. The morphologic and clinical presentation is different from IgG4-related disease that consists of a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate [3]. The treatment of ECD usually includes steroids and immunomodulating medications, and surgical decompression has been reported to preserve renal function [4]. Page kidney phenomenon is the extrinsic compression of the renal parenchyma leading to hypertension, via activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system [5]. Often caused by hemorrhage and malignancies, in our patient it was from the infiltration around the kidneys.
Analysis of memory hierarchy performance of block data layout

Recently, several experimental studies have been conducted on block data layout as a data transformation technique used in conjunction with tiling to improve cache performance. We provide a theoretical analysis for the TLB and cache performance of block data layout. For standard matrix access patterns, we derive an asymptotic lower bound on the number of TLB misses for any data layout and show that block data layout achieves this bound. We show that block data layout improves TLB misses by a factor of O(B) compared with conventional data layouts, where B is the block size of block data layout. This reduction contributes to the improvement in memory hierarchy performance. Using our TLB and cache analysis, we also discuss the impact of block size on the overall memory hierarchy performance. These results are validated through simulations and experiments on state-of-the-art platforms.
An improved MOSFET model for circuit simulation

Problems that have continued to remain in some of the recently published MOSFET compact models are demonstrated in this paper. Of particular interest are discontinuities observed in these models at the boundary between forward and reverse mode operation. A new MOSFET model is presented that overcomes the errors present in state-of-the-art models. Comparison with measured data is also presented to validate the new model.
Pelvic Adhesions Contain Sex Steroid Receptors and Produce Angiogenesis Growth Factors1

Abstract Objective: To evaluate female pelvic adhesion tissue for the presence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), basic fibroblastic growth factor (basic-FGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Patients at a tertiary medical center. Patients: Female reproductive age patients undergoing gynecologic surgery who were not receiving hormonal therapy. Interventions: Female reproductive tract peritoneal adhesion tissue was excised, frozen, and sent for immunohistologic evaluation. Main Outcome Measure: Presence of ER, PR, basic-FGF, and VEGF in adhesion tissue. Results: Nineteen of 19 specimens were positive for PR; 16 of 19 specimens were positive for ER, which was present in a variety of the different cell types constituting adhesion. Vascular endothelial growth factor and basic-FGF were detected in endothelial cells of blood vessels supplying this tissue as well as in mesothelial cells. Conclusion: Adhesion tissue contains ER, PR, and growth factors that may be important in the genesis of the permanent fibrovascular bands between pelvic organs. This supports the theoretical possibility of hormonal manipulation of these tissues to negatively influence postoperative pelvic adhesion formation.
Smart distribution system research in EPRI's Smart Grid Demonstration Initiative

EPRI's Smart Grid Demonstration Initiative is focused on collaborating with electric utilities around the world and helping to advance the industry in regards to integrating Distributed Energy Resources (DER). An important aspect of these demonstration projects is the evolution of a smart distribution systems making integration of DER possible. A wide variety of factors play into every electric utilities strategy on deploying smart grid technologies including regulatory environment, age and functionality of existing assets, communication infrastructure, geography, reliability, cost to implement, and associated benefits. What appears to be a common technology implementation is actually very unique from one utility to the next and is therefore very important that the industry shares knowledge and lessons learned to help advance the industry. This paper provides several examples of integration approaches and early project results along with information on how to keep aware of the project status through 2014.
Proton transfer reactions of multiply charged peptide and protein cations and anions

Two types of gas-phase proton transfer reactions were examined with electrospray ionization-generated peptide and protein ions; (i) bases reacting with multiply protonated molecules and (ii) acids reacting with multiply deprotonated molecules. For reactions of type (i) with bases spanning a range of proton affinities, the proton transfer reaction rate was observed to increase with increasing proton affinity of the charge transfer reagent. Proton transfer was not observed for the low proton affinity reagents (ethyl acetate, acetonitrile and water). These studies also qualitatively measured for the first time the temperature dependences for reactions with multiply charged peptides and proteins. Negative temperature dependences were observed for the weaker bases and positive dependences for the stronger bases. A negative temperature dependence was also observed in the reaction of propionic acid with [M – nH]n− ions. Two hypotheses are proposed to explain the data. In the first, negative temperature dependences are attributed to slightly exothermic reactions, while the positive dependences may reflect contributions from a competing clustering pathway, a pathway which could be more dominant with the heavier reagents. Alternatively, the positive temperature dependences may reflect the barrier in the reaction coordinate arising from the repulsion of like-charged ions, while negative temperature dependences could reflect a cluster-mediated reaction in which charge delocalization lowers the barrier to proton transfer. In the latter cases, clustering is invoked with the lower proton affinity reagents because of the higher concentrations employed.
Simplified Computation of Confidence Intervals for Relative Potencies using Fieller's Theorem

Confidence intervals for relative potencies in bioassays are usually calculated by using Fieller's theorem, but the procedures presented in standard texts are computationally cumbersome. It is shown that Fieller's formula can be expressed in an alternative form which takes advantage of calculated quantities from the analysis of variance (ANOV) and thus simplifies computations. Slope ratio assays and parallel line assays are discussed, and 2 examples illustrate the use of the proposed alternatives.
Perceiving stability as a means to attitude certainty: The role of implicit theories of attitudes

This research introduces the concept of implicit theories of attitude stability. Across three studies, individuals are shown to vary both naturally and situationally in their lay theories about the stability of attitudes. Furthermore, these general theories are shown to impact people's certainty in their specific attitudes by shaping their perceptions of the stability of the attitude under consideration. By affecting attitude certainty, implicit theories of attitude stability also influence the extent to which people rely on their attitude when committing to future attitude-relevant behavior. Moreover, following exposure to a persuasive attack, implicit theories are shown to interact with situational perceptions of attitude stability to determine attitude certainty. Collectively, these findings suggest that implicit theories of attitude stability have an important influence on people's attitude certainty, subsequent behavioral intentions, and resistance to persuasive messages. Future directions concerning the potential impact of these theories for other attitudinal phenomena are discussed.
Student retention in athletic training education programs.

Abstract Context: The success of any academic program, including athletic training, depends upon attracting and keeping quality students. The nature of persistent students versus students who prema...
BugFix: A learning-based tool to assist developers in fixing bugs

We present a tool called BugFix that can assist developers in fixing program bugs. Our tool automatically analyzes the debugging situation at a statement and reports a prioritized list of relevant bug-fix suggestions that are likely to guide the developer to an appropriate fix at that statement. BugFix incorporates ideas from machine learning to automatically learn from new debugging situations and bug fixes over time. This enables more effective prediction of the most relevant bug-fix suggestions for newly-encountered debugging situations. The tool takes into account the static structure of a statement, the dynamic values used at that statement by both passing and failing runs, and the interesting value mapping pairs [17] associated with that statement. We present a case study illustrating the efficacy of BugFix in helping developers to fix bugs.
MOLECULAR GENETICS OF THE HUMAN MHC COMPLEMENT GENE CLUSTER

The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) complement gene cluster (MCGC) is a highly variable region that is characterized by polymorphisms, variations in gene size and gene number, and associa
p21Cip1 Nullizygosity Increases Tumor Metastasis in Irradiated Mice

p21 Cip1 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor whose abundance increases in cells exposed to radiation or other DNA-damaging agents. Such increases activate a G1 checkpoint, which allows time for DNA repair before S phase entry. By inhibiting cell cycle progression, p21 Cip1 potentially suppresses tumorigenesis, and in support, we show that p21 Cip1 heterozygous and nullizygous mice develop more tumors than do wild-type mice when exposed to a single dose of γ-irradiation. Importantly, we also show that p21 Cip1 nullizygosity increases the incidence of metastatic tumors in irradiated mice. We suggest that p21 Cip1 is haploinsufficient for tumor suppression and functions as an antimetastatic agent.
Tuberculosis and HIV infection: epidemiology, immunology, and treatment

AbstractTuberculosis and HIV have combined to present a major threat to global public health. Each disease has a negative effect on the other, and mortality in patients with both tuberculosis and HIV is higher than that caused by either condition alone. In regions such as sub-Saharan Africa, as many as a third or more of all patients with tuberculosis have concomitant HIV infection. In urban centers in developed nations, HIV co-infection may also be quite common. Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in persons with HIV is successful in preventing many cases of active disease, and newer ultra-short course regimens, such as those consisting of 2 months of rifampin and pyrazinamide, should aid in this effort. Diagnosis and treatment of active tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients may be difficult. Although treatment of active tuberculosis is generally successful in patients with HIV, drug interactions between anti-tuberculosis medications and antiretrovirals often complicate the matter, and expert guid...
An Ethical Framework for the Responsible Leadership of Accountable Care Organizations

Using the ethical concepts of co-fiduciary responsibility in patient care and of preventive ethics, this article provides an ethical framework to guide physician and lay leaders of accountable care organizations. The concept of co-fiduciary responsibility is based on the ethical concept of medicine as a profession, which was introduced into the history of medical ethics in the 18th century. Co-fiduciary responsibility applies to everyone who influences the processes of patient care: physicians, organizational leaders, patients, and patients' surrogates. A preventive ethics approach to co-fiduciary responsibility requires leaders of accountable care organizations to create organizational cultures of fiduciary professionalism that implement and support the following: improving quality based on candor and accountability, reasserting the physician's professional role in the informed consent process, and constraining patients' and surrogates' autonomy. Sustainable organizational cultures of fiduciary professionalism will require commitment of organizational resources and constant vigilance over the intellectual and moral integrity of organizational culture.
Synthesis and design of multi-dimensional multi-rate VLSI arrays

In a previous report it was shown that a class of nonuniform algorithms termed directional uniform recurrence equations (DUREs) could be mapped onto multirate array (MRA) structures where the variables are propagated at different rates achieving higher speedup and efficiency. The author examines the structure of MRAs and reports extensions of the synthesis methodology for multidirectional DUREs. The author considers algorithms in terms of affine recurrence equations (AREs). After defining ARE and MRA, the author presents necessary and sufficient conditions for a valid mapping on an MRA of an algorithm defined in terms of AREs. Application and implementation of multidirectional MRAs for image processing and multidimensional algorithms are presented. >
Quizartinib elicits differential responses that correlate with karyotype and genotype of the leukemic clone.

Quizartinib elicits differential responses that correlate with karyotype and genotype of the leukemic clone
Effect of isomeres of triiodothyronine on erythrokinetics.

SummaryBoth dextro-triiodothyronine and levo-triiodothyronine produced similar increases in RBC 59Fe incorporation in polycy-themic rats when the increased red blood cell mass would have been expected to obviate the response to oxygen need. Single doses of 25; 100 or 250 μg LT3 and DT3 produced similar increases in RBC 59Fe incorporation in normal rats. The RBC 59Fe incorporation was minimally increased at 24 hours and continued to increase 48 and 72 hours following a single dose of LT3 or DT3. Plasma obtained from rats following administration of LT3 or DT3 failed to demonstrate erythropoietic activity on bioassay in the plethoric mouse, suggesting that increased erythropoietin production is not the mechanism for the augmented erythropoiesis.
Analysis of Influencing Factors on the Cost of Denitrification Projects for Thermal Power Plants

With the implementation of the new national standard "Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants",the emission limit of the nitrogen oxide has become tighter and tighter,then more denitrification projects are needed to be installed in the existing power plants to meet the new denitrification emission limit.Design stage is the key point of controlling the construction cost,influencing factors on construction cost of denitrification projects during the design stage such as selection of process,unit capacity,flue type,design allowance for denitrification projects,reconstruction workload and project period are analyzed in this paper,and discussion is carried out combining with the living example.
The Progress of convection in fluid mixture

Fluid mixture convection is one of the typical models for studying the stability,nonlinear dynamics of convection and the mechanism of forming turbulent flow. In this paper,based on discussing the main progress of convection in fluid mixture,the author puts forward the problem on further study of the numerical simulation of convection in fluid mixture.
Research and Practice for Teaching the Course of Mechanics of Materials with Different Levels

Based on the various educational views in 21st century, this paper introduces the research and practice of a new teaching model of the basic course-mechanics of materials. It includes bilingual education and computer application, which supply favorable surroundings for students to acquire knowledge. It not only improves students' learning efficiency, but also establishes foundations for students' lifelong training and development. This paper has taken the second prize of excellent teaching production in Heilongjiang province.
Implicitly learned suppression of irrelevant spatial locations.

How do we ignore a salient, irrelevant stimulus whose location is predictable? A variety of studies using instructional manipulations have shown that participants possess the capacity to exert location-based suppression. However, for the visual search challenges we face in daily life, we are not often provided explicit instructions and are unlikely to consciously deliberate on what our best strategy might be. Instead, we might rely on our past experience—in the form of implicit learning—to exert strategic control. In this paper, we tested whether implicit learning could drive spatial suppression. In Experiment 1, participants searched displays in which one location contained a target, while another contained a salient distractor. An arrow cue pointed to the target location with 70 % validity. Also, unbeknownst to the participants, the same arrow cue predicted the distractor location with 70 % validity. Results showed facilitated RTs to the predicted target location, confirming target enhancement. Critically, distractor interference was reduced at the predicted distractor location, revealing that participants used spatial suppression. Further, we found that participants had no explicit knowledge of the cue-distractor contingencies, confirming that the learning was implicit. In Experiment 2, to seek further evidence for suppression, we modified the task to include occasional masked probes following the arrow cue; we found worse probe identification accuracy at the predicted distractor location than control locations, providing converging evidence that observers spatially suppressed the predicted distractor locations. These results reveal an ecologically desirable mechanism of suppression, which functions without the need for conscious knowledge or externally guided instructions.
Renal Scintigraphy in the Diagnosis and Surgical Management of a Patient with Caliceal Colic: A Case Report

A patient with persistent renal colic and a caliceal stone is presented. Furosemide renography, commonly used to differentiate functional stasis from mechanical obstruction of an entire kidney or duplicated collecting system, can make this determination at the caliceal level. As in this case such determination can affect clinical management of the patient.
Genotype Phenotype Correlation in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant inherited syndrome whereby affected individuals can have less than 100 adenomas (Attenuated Adenomatous Polyposis) to thousands of adenomas (Classic Familial Adenomatous Polyposis). The syndrome is also characterized by extracolonic manifestations such as fundic gland polyps, duodenal adenomas, desmoids tumors, thyroid cancer, osteomas, and congenital hypertrophied pigmented retinal epithelium among others. There are genotype and phenotype correlations noted in and these will be discussed in this chapter.
Naltrexone long-acting formulation in the treatment of alcohol dependence.

While oral naltrexone has a demonstrated ability to decrease alcohol reinforcement, it also has pharmacotherapeutic limitations, such as a small treatment effect size, adverse events, and plasma level fluctuations. The pharmacokinetic profile of naltrexone could be enhanced by intramuscular administration, which would sustain its release over several weeks and keep plasma levels relatively constant, ie, low enough to minimize side effects but high enough to reduce drinking. Vivitrex®/Vivitrol® and Naltrel® are injectable naltrexone depot formulations that have been tested as possible medications for treating alcohol dependence. Their adverse-event profiles appear to be less severe than that of oral naltrexone. Vivitrex®/Vivitrol® has demonstrated efficacy at decreasing heavy drinking among alcohol-dependent males. Naltrel® helped to promote abstinence and decrease the incidence of relapse in two samples of alcohol-dependent subjects. The data on a third formulation, Depotrex®, are still limited. All three formulations require further study of their efficacy.
Should Steroids Be Used in Septic Shock

You are rounding on an elderly woman in the intensive care unit (ICU) when John, one of your residents, presents a case.
History as a double-edged sword: Historical boundaries and territorial claims

Recent evidence suggests that historical boundary precedents play a central role in the outbreak, character, and long-term consequences of territorial disputes. The institutional theory of borders holds promise in explaining why leaders find old borders to be attractive as new borders. However, the mechanisms that link historical precedents to territorial claims and their consequences are not fully specified in the extant literature. I argue that there are three key arguments that can explain why boundary precedents are associated with subsequent disputes: ease of justification, perpetual conflict over territories of particular value, and persistent coordination around old borders. I argue that the coordination mechanism is essential to understanding the connections between historical boundary precedents and territorial disputes.
An Aquatic Organism Passage Story Map

As the manager of 380,000 miles of roads and tens of thousands of road-stream crossings, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USFS) plays a critical role in aquatic connectivity. Surv...
Integrating Positive Psychology, Behavioral Activation, and the Serious Leisure Perspective in Mental Health Counseling: a Case Report

In the academic literature, including the field of positive psychology, there have been articles advocating how leisure activities can be used within a behavioral activation framework. To this end, differing academic writers advocate the use of scheduling leisure activities to increase enjoyable behavioral activity (e.g., Mazzucchelli et al. 2010), but do not elaborate on how leisure can be used within a behavioral activation framework. This paper fills this void by explaining (1) how the serious leisure perspective (SLP) can help mental health counselors and other applied human service professionals structure potential activation targets based on differentiating between pleasure-based casual leisure and mastery-based serious leisure, and (2) how the SLP can be used as a potential structure for grading activation assignments. The last part of this paper provides a mental health counseling case report of a middle-aged man who had stage four renal disease, severe depression, and mild anxiety who became healthier by intervention that linked the SLP, behavioral activation, and positive psychology.
Pedestrain detection from motion

Pedestrian detection is a challenging problem studied over decades. Most algorithms are based on human appearance. Only few works consider motion as a feature component. In this paper, however, we tackle this problem only considering short periods of pedestrian walking. This motion does not depend on the variations of pedestrian pose, body shape, illumination, and background. We model pedestrian motion that has unique properties compare to background and rigid objects motion in spatial-temporal motion profiles. This observation helps us to identify pedestrian leg motion along with body motion over a short time period. Our method also works for a vehicle borne camera where background also moves. We achieved more robust results by dealing with crowds, and other degenerating cases of human motion against background and dynamic scenes. The method has a low computational cost on a motion profile and it can be combined with a shape-based method as pre-screening for reducing the false positives. It also provides a feasible way to find human behaviors.
Increasing hospital pharmacy revenue.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) pays the drug charges for approximately 70% of hospitalized patients. To determine if our hospital was receiving maximum allowable reimbursement from CMS, we (1) identified the top 20 diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) that accounted for 40% of our
Characterizing the neighborhood obesogenic environment in the Multiethnic Cohort: a multi-level infrastructure for cancer health disparities research

We characterized the neighborhood obesogenic environment in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) by examining the associations of obesity with attributes of the social and built environment, establishing a multi-level infrastructure for future cancer research. For 102,906 African American, Japanese American, Latino, and white MEC participants residing predominately in Los Angeles County, baseline residential addresses (1993–1996) were linked to census and geospatial data, capturing neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES), population density, commuting, food outlets, amenities, walkability, and traffic density. We examined neighborhood attributes and obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) associations using multinomial logistic regression, adjusting for individual-level (e.g., demographics, physical activity, and diet) and neighborhood-level factors. NSES was associated with obesity among African Americans, Latinos, and whites (p-trend ≤ 0.02), with twofold higher odds (adjusted odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals) for living in the lowest versus highest quintile among African American women (2.07, 1.62–2.65), white men (2.11, 1.29–3.44), and white women (2.50, 1.73–3.61). Lower density of businesses among African American and white women and lower traffic density among white men were also associated with obesity (p-trends ≤ 0.02). Our study highlights differential impacts of neighborhood factors across racial/ethnic groups and establishes the foundation for multi-level studies of the neighborhood context and obesity-related cancers.
NV-Clustering: Normally-Off Computing Using Non-Volatile Datapaths

With technology downscaling, static power dissipation presents a crucial challenge to multicore, many-core, and System-on-Chip (SoC) architectures due to the increased role of leakage currents in overall energy consumption and the need to support power-gating schemes. Herein, a non-Volatile (NV) flip-flop design approach, referred to as NV Clustering, is developed to realize middleware-transparent intermittent computing. First, a Logic-Embedded Flip-Flop (LE-FF) is developed to realize rudimentary Boolean logic functions along with an inherent state-holding capability within a compact footprint. Second, the NV-Clustering synthesis procedure and corresponding tool module are utilized to instantiate the LE-FF library cells within conventional Register Transfer Language (RTL) specifications. This selectively clusters together logic and NV state-holding functionality, based on energy and area minimization criteria. NV-Clustering is applied to a wide range of benchmarks including ISCAS-89, MCNS, and ITC-99 computational circuits using a LE-FF based on the Spin Hall Effect (SHE)-assisted Spin Transfer Torque (STT) Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ). Simulation results validate functionality and power dissipation, area, and delay benefits. For instance, results for ISCAS-89 benchmarks indicate 15 percent area reduction on average, up to 22 percent reduction in energy consumption, and up to 14 percent reduction in delay as compared to alternative NV-FF based designs, as evaluated via SPICE simulation at the 45-nm technology node.
Categories, Topoi, and Logic

For a comprehensive introduction to category theory, see [637]. For topos theory and sheaves see [639], for topos theory and logic, see [376].
The Gateways of Information on the Cloud Era

Cloud Computing has allowed for ubiquitous information access. There are several gateways for accessing information, with several ranges of mobility. Applications that work on the cloud must make data available thru any of these gateways, in a consistent manner. In this tutorial we introduce this multilevel paradigm of information access as well as showcase computational tools to achieve multichannel access. Workshop Leader Information (Please attach a copy of your resume in your email submission) Name: Raul A. Trejo Affiliation: Microsoft Corporation, Postal Address: Paseo de los Tamarindos # 400 A Piso 22, Bosques de las Lomas 05120, Mexico Telephone: +52 55 5820 3077 Cell: +52 55 9197 5209 Fax: Email: i-raulat@microsoft.com Additional Workshop Presenters (copy for each one) Name: Affiliation: Postal Address: Telephone: Cell: Fax: Email: Speakers' background, description of workshop, and envisioned activities during the workshop (please provide information for each speaker) Detailed Description Dr. Raul Trejo has been working in academia for over 15 years, both on Information Systems and Computer Science areas, with expertise in topics such as knowledge representation, planning and scheduling, computer languages, IT adoption and IT services. He is currently Program Manager for Microsoft Research for the Latin American region. The tutorial aims to introduce our vision on data access and software as a service within the context of cloud computing, as well as a framework for consistent data presentation among different interfaces. The instructor will present the data model, and then the participants will create small interfaces in the developing platform provided. Special Requirements Note: Regular equipment includes a computer, projector and screen. (X ) Computers ( ) Internet Access ( ) Others, Please specify: ______________________ Audience Insert a description of likely participants Software developers, programmers, cloud enthusiasts, user interface experts, mobile devices developers Maximum number of participants:____20 to 25______________ Specify the requirements for the audience such as computer, special software, and Internet access etc., in the following: Participants should have access to an individual computer with Windows 7, internet access is desirable but not mandatory. Special software will be provided by the presenter.
Delayed Pharyngeal Migration of a Mandibular Fixation Screw 30 Years After Orthognathic Surgery.

There have been reports of migrated screws after cervical spine procedures; however, similar cases after orthognathic procedures are rare. A 48-year-old female patient presented with a 6-month history of left-sided neck pain and left-sided otalgia. Her medical history was relevant for orthognathic surgery 30 years earlier. Flexible fiberoptic endoscopy and a computed tomography scan showed the tip of a fixation screw in the lateral pharyngeal wall on the left side. The patient was taken to the operating room for direct microlaryngoscopy using a carbon dioxide laser, with successful removal of the screw. We report a safe method for removal of pharyngeal foreign bodies.
Automatic Partition of Orbital Spaces Based on Singular Value Decomposition in the Context of Embedding Theories.

We present a simple approach for orbital space partitioning to be employed in the projection-based embedding theory developed by Goodpaster and co-workers [Manby et al. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2012...
Comparison of surgical and non-surgical treatments for 3- and 4-part proximal humerus fractures: A network meta-analysis.

IntroductionCommon treatment strategies for proximal humerus fractures include non-surgical treatment, open reduction internal fixation, hemiarthroplasty, and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. T...
Changes in Vegetation Cover of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Estimated from MODIS Greenness Trends, 2000–18

AbstractTrends and transitions in the growing-season normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite sensor at 250-m resolutio...