cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Replication of Poliovirus in HeLa Cells: Electron Microscopic Observations.

Abstract Poliovirus-infected HeLa cells were examined by electron microscopy. Both nuclear and cytoplasmic changes were observed during the first 4 hours of infection. Nuclei of cells infected from 2 to 6 hours developed progressively more numerous extrusions which contained ribosome-like particles. These extrusions appeared to eventually become cytoplasmic inclusions. Changes in the cytoplasm were observed at about the fourth hour of infection, at which time clusters of small cytoplasmic vesicles appeared; occasionally they contained viruslike particles. By the sixth hour arrays of virus particles were found within cytoplasmic vesicles. From the sixth to the eighth hour these vesicles appeared to coalesce into large crystalline aggregates of virus. Eventually the large crystals of virus appeared to “melt.” The possible significance of these observations is discussed in relation to numerous other approaches to understanding the nature of replication of small RNA virus.
Underexpression and overexpression of Fas and Fas ligand: a double-edged sword

Objective To compare autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) with respect to the defects in Fas- and Fas ligand (FasL)–mediated apoptosis. Data Sources Selected reviews, case reports, and original studies were searched in PubMed and MEDLINE for the keywords ALPS , SJS , Fas , FasL , and apoptosis . Study Selection Case reports of ALPS and SJS were selected as examples of Fas- and FasL-mediated diseases. In addition, we selected articles that examined the pathophysiology of apoptosis in the context of Fas-FasL interaction. Results Failure to initiate apoptosis of abnormal T lymphocytes occurs in such diseases as ALPS, leading to the accumulation of double negative T cells with an increase in autoimmunity. In contrast to apoptotic failure, SJS is associated with a pathological increase in programmed keratinocyte cell death. Conclusion The consequences of dysregulated Fas- and FasL-mediated apoptosis leads to self-reactivity, malignant transformation, and immune dysfunction. An understanding of underlying mechanisms and qualitative assessment of Fas and FasL may have clinical benefits when control of these homeostatic mechanisms is in question.
Recent trends in post-discharge mortality among patients with an initial acute myocardial infarction.

The objectives of this study were to describe contemporary postdischarge death rates of patients hospitalized at all Worcester, Massachusetts, hospitals after initial acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs) and to examine factors associated with a poor prognosis. The medical records of patients discharged from 11 central Massachusetts medical centers after initial AMIs during 2001, 2003, 2005, and 2007 were reviewed, identifying 2,452 patients. This population was composed of predominantly older patients, men (58%), and whites. Overall, the 3-month, 1-year, and 2-year all-cause death rates were 8.9%, 16.4%, and 23.4%, respectively. Over time, reductions in postdischarge mortality were observed in crude as well as multivariate-adjusted analyses. In 2001, the 3-month, 1-year, and 2-year all-cause death rates were 11.1%, 17.1%, and 25.6%, respectively, compared to rates of 7.9%, 12.7%, and 18.6% in patients discharged in 2007. Older age, male gender, hospitalization for a non–ST-segment elevation AMI, renal dysfunction, and preexisting heart failure were associated with an increased risk for dying after hospital discharge. These results suggest that the postdischarge prognosis of patients with initial AMIs has improved, likely reflecting enhanced in-hospital and postdischarge management practices. In conclusion, patients with initial AMIs can also be identified who are at increased risk for dying after hospital discharge, in whom increased surveillance and targeted treatment approaches can be directed.
The expression of CD23 and CD40 in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas.

Background: CD23 expression in normal B lymphocytes is limited to autoreactive B cells, naive B cells and mature B cells manifesting an activated phenotype. As a marker of hematologic dyscrasia/malignancy, expression of CD23 is associated with small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia. An absence of CD23 expression within small lymphocytes is typically seen in marginal zone lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma. Positive CD23 expression amidst neoplastic cells in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma is not a reported phenomenon. Methods: This paper reports nine patients with cutaneous B-cell lymphoma manifesting CD23 expression. Results: In seven of the nine cases CD23 expression was observed in the setting of recurrent disease, being present in both large and small lymphocytes. CD23 expression paralleled staining for CD40 in all but one case. Conclusions: A potential mechanism of CD23 upregulation may involve the anti-apoptotic nuclear kappa beta CD40–CD40 ligand pathway. Neoplastic B cells manifesting CD23 expression could have a survival advantage, predisposing to recurrent disease and or oncogenic events permissive to disease progression.
Modifications to the IMFAST leaf sequencing optimization algorithm

The optimizing leaf sequencer IMFAST minimizes intensity modulated treatment times. However, algorithm modifications can yield improved results. Currently, during segment extraction, the largest extract for a given number of levels is chosen. The modification chooses an extract that yields the fewest segments and levels when the rod-pushing algorithm is applied to the difference between the original map and the extract. Also, successive optimization parameter values are now allowed to increase. These modifications reduced the number of segments and the relative fluence from the original algorithm by an average of 7%-11% and 8%-17%, respectively, depending on whether interdigitation and/or tongue-and-groove constraints were considered. The tests were done on two clinical head and neck intensity modulated radiation therapy cases. Compared to the sweeping window algorithm, a reduction of 35%-55% of the number of segments is possible with a change in the relative fluence of -9% - 16%, depending on the constraints. Compared to other previously published algorithms that deal with the constraints tested here, the modified IMFAST algorithm provides the greatest reduction in the number of segments with the minimum increase in the relative fluence.
Occurrence of the Fungus Verticillium Lecanii on a New Host Species: Aedes Triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

While conducting an ovitrap survey of treehole mosquitoes during 1982 in Berea, Kentucky, USA, a new species record was established for the entomogenous fungus Verticillium lecanii . This is the 1st report of the fungus occurring in association with a culicine species.
Induction Firing in the Study of Furnace Atmospheres

A method involving induction heating was devised whereby porcelain enameled specimens were fired in gastight glass tubes in which the atmosphere could be controlled and the gases and vapors collected. The progress of the processes of oxidation of the metal and volatilization of the coating were followed by carefully weighing specimens heated under varied conditions. The results confirmed the general conceptions with regard to the effects of oxidation on enamel adherence and structure. Volatilization of the enamel was evidenced by the deposition of an extremely fine powdery material on the walls of the firing chamber which was studied by spectrographic and X-ray diffraction techniques.
HUMAN ECONOMY: ECONOMICS AS IF PEOPLE MATTERED

When E. F. Schumacher first wrote Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered, the initial reaction was mixed. For the first year or so, the book sold slowly. Then in 1974, the sales exploded. In a very short time, E. F. Schumacher became widely acclaimed as his book sold more than a million copies. On both sides of the Atlantic, the common person, as well as the scholar, realized that this was a new voice, a fresh and wholesome breath of wind that was blowing in the stodgy halls of economics.
Comparison of three salivary flow rate assessment methods in an elderly populationNote

– Measuring salivary flow rates among the frail elderly is a challenge. The currently used spit collection method requires levels of time and cooperation that often may exclude the frail elderly who are at high risk for salivary compromise. A measurement method that is not only valid and reliable, but also feasible and acceptable is needed for use in population studies of compromised adults. This study compared two salivary flow rate assessment methods using a suction machine against the currently accepted spit collection method in an elderly population aged 75 and older. Three methods of flow rate (g/min) assessment were compared at three time periods among 16 elders (mean age 86.6 years). Flow rates using the 2-min open suction method compared well with the 10-min spit method (r=0.778) but the 2-min closed suction method did not (r=0.158). Reliability evaluation of the open suction method and the spit method was assessed using a test/retest with a 1-week interval. Both methods demonstrated good comparable reliability (spit method r=0.566, P=0.01); open suction method, (r=0.861, P<0.01). Based on a short survey questionnaire about the three methods, 11 of the 16 elderly subjects preferred the use of the suction machine to the spit method. These results indicate that the 2-min open suction method technique is a valid and reliable means of measuring salivary flow. The lower level of patient cooperation needed, the shorter time period required, and this preliminary report of its acceptability support the use of this method in future population studies of frail elders.
Tolerance, Nutrient Intakes and Growth in Preterm Infants 750-1800 Grams Birth Weight Receiving Human Milk or Preterm Formula

Tolerance, Nutrient Intakes and Growth in Preterm Infants 750-1800 Grams Birth Weight Receiving Human Milk or Preterm Formula
SEMANTIC DERIVATION VERIFICATION: TECHNIQUES AND IMPLEMENTATION

Automated Theorem Proving (ATP) systems are complex pieces of software, and thus may have bugs that make them unsound. In order to guard against unsoundness, the derivations output by an ATP system may be semantically verified by trusted ATP systems that check the required semantic properties of each inference step. Such verification needs to be augmented by structural verification that checks that inferences have been used correctly in the context of the overall derivation. This paper describes techniques for semantic verification of derivations, and reports on their implementation and testing in the GDV verifier.
Observations on the transport of radioactively labeled proteins in the visual system of the chick

Abstract The transport of proteins synthesized in the somata of retinal ganglion cells of 3–5-week-old chicks has been studied autoradiographically and by liquid scintillation counting following the intravitreal injection of [3H]leucine or [3H]proline. Most of the transported proteins move with a velocity of 1.5–2 mm/day and are distributed throughout the extent of the optic nerve and to the various diencephalic and mesencephalic structures to which it sends fibers. A relatively small proportion of the transported material has a rate of approximately 200 mm/day and is preferentially (but not exclusively) distributed to the region of the axon terminals. The differential distribution of the two components is readily demonstrated by grain counts in autoradiographs of the optic tectum: the rapid phase clearly labels the outer laminae of the stratum griseum et fibrosum superficiale in which the retinal fibers terminate very heavily, whereas the arrival of the slow phase results in an increasing grain density over the optic nerve fibers in the stratum opticum. We have seen no evidence of a specific transsynaptic movement of label in this system, nor do the terminals of the centrifugal fibers to the retina appear to be able to incorporate significant amounts of label for retrograde transport to the isthmo-optic nucleus. Preliminary observations indicate that the autoradiographic method for tracing connections can be used successfully to map the developing retino-tectal projection.
bullwinkle and shark regulate dorsal-appendage morphogenesis in Drosophila oogenesis.

bullwinkle ( bwk ) regulates embryonic anteroposterior patterning and, through a novel germline-to-soma signal, morphogenesis of the eggshell dorsal appendages. We screened for dominant modifiers of the bullwinkle mooseantler eggshell phenotype and identified shark , which encodes an SH2-domain, ankyrin-repeat tyrosine kinase. At the onset of dorsal-appendage formation, shark is expressed in a punctate pattern in the squamous stretch cells overlying the nurse cells. Confocal microscopy with cell-type-specific markers demonstrates that the stretch cells act as a substrate for the migrating dorsal-appendage-forming cells and extend cellular projections towards them. Mosaic analyses reveal that shark is required in follicle cells for cell migration and chorion deposition. Proper shark RNA expression in the stretch cells requires bwk activity, while restoration of shark expression in the stretch cells suppresses the bwk dorsal-appendage phenotype. These results suggest that shark plays an important downstream role in the bwk -signaling pathway. Candidate testing implicates Src42A in a similar role, suggesting conservation with a vertebrate signaling pathway involving non-receptor tyrosine kinases.
Homeownership and Civic Engagement in Low-Income Urban Neighborhoods: A Longitudinal Analysis

This paper tests whether there is a causal relationship between homeownership and two forms of civic engagement. We explore three theoretical linkages between homeownership and civic engagement: fi...
The Role of a Facilitator in a Community of Philosophical Inquiry

: Community of philosophical inquiry (CPI) is a way of practicing philosophy in a group that is characterized by conversation; that creates its discussion agenda from questions posed by the conversants as a response to some stimulus (whether text or some other media); and that includes discussion of specific philosophers or philosophical traditions, if at all, only in order to develop its own ideas about the concepts under discussion. The epistemological conviction of community of philosophical inquiry is that communal dialogue, facilitated by a philosophically educated person, recapitulates and reconstructs the major elements—and even the positions or claims—of the tradition, in one form or another, through the distributed thinking characteristic of dialogical discourse. The pedagogical locus of control of CPI is the group as a whole, which is understood as potentially self-regulating through a process of ongoing dialectical transformation. The role of the facilitator is to act, among other things, from the Socratic “position of ignorance” as a bridge between concepts and arguments and as a trigger for conceptual system transformation.
Prevention of lithium nephrotoxicity in a novel one-hour model in rats.

It is well established that lithium can cause morphologically visible damage to the kidneys of humans and animals. Although the clinical significance of its nephrotoxicity is debatable, it would be desirable to find a method to prevent lithium’s effect on the kidneys. Toward this end, we have developed a novel method for producing nephrotoxicity that will be useful for research on prevention. A single, large, toxic dose of lithium chloride (LiCl) caused necrosis of the distal convoluted tubules, which was visible by light microscopy in 30 min, had fully developed in 1 h, and had disappeared by the next day. The lesions were seen after IP or IV injections of fasted rats of three different strains. Equivalent doses of NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and combinations thereof had no such effect, nor did they inhibit nephrotoxicity when incorporated into the LiCl solution. However, relatively small doses of LiCl injected by any route 3 or 24 h beforehand prevented the nephrotoxicity. The mechanism of prevention is not known, but it does not involve reduction of lithium levels in the kidneys.
Molecular Simulations of a Dynamic Protein Complex: Role of Salt-Bridges and Polar Interactions in Configurational Transitions

Ion charge pairs and hydrogen bonds have been extensively studied for their roles in stabilizing protein complexes and in steering the process of protein association. Recently, it has become clear that some protein complexes are dynamic in that they interconvert between several alternate configurations. We have previously characterized one such system: the EphA2:SHIP2 SAM-SAM heterodimer by solution NMR. Here we carried out extensive all-atom molecular-dynamics simulations on a microsecond time-scale starting with different NMR-derived structures for the complex. Transitions are observed between several discernible configurations at average time intervals of 50-100 ns. The domains reorient relative to one another by sub- stantial rotation and a slight shifting of the interfaces. Bifurcated and intermediary salt-bridge and hydrogen-bond interactions play a role in the transitions in a process that can be described as moving along a ''monkey-bar''. We notice an increased density of salt bridges near protein interaction surfaces that appear to enable these transitions, also suggesting why the trajectories can become kinetically hindered in regions where fewer of such interactions are possible. In this context, even microsecond molec- ular-dynamics simulations are not sufficient to sample the energy landscape unless the structures remain close to their exper- imentally derived low-energy configurations.
Ectoparasites of road-killed vertebrates in northwestern South Carolina, USA

Road-killed animals are overlooked as the source of ectoparasites for monitoring vectors of zoonotic pathogens. We demonstrate that by exclusively sampling road-killed animals, a wide spectrum of vertebrate hosts and ectoparasites can be collected. Fifty-one species of ectoparasites were recovered from 35 species of road-killed vertebrates in northwestern South Carolina. Approximately, 11% of the total known terrestrial vertebrate species in the region were examined, which included more than 25% of the known mammal species. Our sampling techniques produced new state and regional records for chewing lice, ticks, and parasitic mites. Most ectoparasites were alive when they were collected, which would allow them to be screened for zoonotic pathogens.
Using time-dependent RPM to enhance mixing in stirred vessels

Abstract Mixing under low to moderate Reynolds numbers is investigated experimentally in a stirred tank. An acid-base neutralization reaction and a pH indicator are used to reveal the existence, location, and size of segregated regions in the flow. Such regions are observed for both unbaffled and baffled vessels stirred by either radial or axial flow impellers. These segregated regions have a complex internal structure consistent of several families of helical filaments wrapped around a central torus. It is demonstrated that the segregated regions are readily destroyed through the use of time-dependent RPM.
Identification of pressure passive cerebral perfusion and its mediators after infant cardiac surgery.

Cerebrovascular pressure autoregulation (CPA) regulates cerebral blood flow (CBF) in relation to changes in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). Identification of a pressure-passive cerebral perfusion and the potentially modifiable physiologic factors underlying it has been difficult to achieve in sick infants. We previously validated the near-infrared spectroscopy–derived hemoglobin difference (HbD) signal (cerebral oxyhemoglobin − deoxyhemoglobin) as a reliable measure of changes in CBF in animal models. We now sought to determine whether continuous measurements of ΔHbD would correlate to middle cerebral artery flow velocity (CBFV), allow identification and quantification of pressure-passive state, and help to delineate potentially modifiable factors. We enrolled 43 infants (2 d to 7 mo old) who were undergoing open cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass. At 6 and 20 h after surgery, we measured changes in HbD, CBFV (by transcranial Doppler), and MAP at different end-tidal CO2 levels. We assigned a pressure-passive index (PPI) to each study on the basis of the relative duration of significant coherence between ΔMAP and ΔHbD. We found a significant relationship between ΔHbD and ΔCBFV at both time points. At 6 h after surgery, we showed high concordance (coherence >0.5; PPI ≥41%) between ΔMAP and ΔHbD, consistent with disturbed CPA in 13% of infants. End-tidal CO2 values ≥40 mm Hg and higher MAP variability both were associated with increased odds (p < 0.001) of autoregulatory failure. This approach provides a means to identify and quantify disturbances of CPA. High CO2 levels and fluctuating MAP are two important preventable factors associated with disturbed CPA.
The Longitudinal Relationships Among Injunctive Norms and Hooking Up Attitudes and Behaviors in College Students

Limited research has explored the influence of perceived injunctive norms for distal (e.g., typical student) and proximal (e.g., close friend and parents) referents on hooking up. The current study examined the longitudinal relationships among perceived injunctive norms, personal approval, and hooking up behavior, and the moderating effects of gender in a sample of heavy-drinking college students. At Time 1, participants completed Web-based assessments of personal approval of hooking up and perceptions of close friend, parent, and typical student approval. Three months later, participants reported on whether they had hooked up. The results of a path analysis indicated that greater perceived friend and parent approval predicted greater personal approval. Further, greater perceived approval by close friends and parents indirectly contributed to hooking up behavior as mediated by participants’ own approval. Multigroup analyses indicated that close friend injunctive norms were a stronger predictor of student ...
The genus of the Cartesian product of two graphs

Upper and lower bounds are given for the genus, γ(G1 × G2), of the Cartesian product of arbitrary graphs G1 and G2, in terms of the genera γ(G1) and γ(G2). These bounds are then used to obtain asymptotic results for the cases in which G1 and G2 are both regular complete k-partite graphs.
δ+-substituent constants for (organometal)methyl groups: a bond polarizability model for hyperconjunction

Abstract Internally consistent and properly scaled δ+-substituent constants for (organometal)—methyl groups are derived from several photophysical data sets. These δ+-values are well correlated by a model which considers that stabilization of an adjacent electron-deficient center is proportional to the polarizability of the carbonmetal bond as measured by bond refractions and expressed in a group polarizability function. The model also accommodates the hyperconjugative effects shown by β-deuterium substitution in solvolysis reactions and points to nonhyperconjugative effects as the basis of the Baker-Nathan order. A “best set” of δ+-values for the —CH2MRn substituents (M = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Hg; R = Me, Ph or X) is suggested. Seventeen other δ+ values for organometallic substituents are presented.
Cardiac Papillary Fibroelastoma: A Treatable Cause of Transient Ischemic Attack and Ischemic Stroke Detected by Transesophageal Echocardiography

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is used frequently in patients with cerebrovascular ischemia. On TEE, a typical appearance of a cardiac flbroelastoma is that of a pedunculated, mobile mass attached to a leaflet of a valve. Surgical excision of the lesion may lead to resolution of the symptoms and prevent further cerebrovascular ischemic events; valve replacement is seldom necessary. Herein we describe three patients with cerebral or ocular ischemia in whom histologic study confirmed a cardiac papillary tibroelastoma after initial detection by TEE. Cardiac papillary fibroelastomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of transient ischemic attack and stroke, even in cases of recurrent events in the same vascular distribution. Although the use of echocardiography in the evaluation of stroke and transient ischemic attack is controversial, TEE must be considered in patients in whom the cause of cerebrovascular ischemia is unclear after noninvasive neurovascular studies or transthoracic echocardiography, even if the patient's cardiac history and the findings on physical examination are normal.
Trends in OMI NO 2 observations over the United States: effects of emission control technology and the economic recession

Abstract. Observations of tropospheric NO2 vertical column densities over the United States (US) for 2005–2011 are evaluated using the OMI Berkeley High Resolution (BEHR) retrieval algorithm. We assess changes in NO2 on day-of-week and interannual timescales to assess the impact of changes in emissions from mobile and non-mobile sources on the observed trends. We observe consistent decreases in cities across the US, with an average total reduction of 32 ± 7% across the 7 yr. Changes for large power plants have been more variable (−26 ± 12%) due to regionally-specific regulation policies. An increasing trend of 10–20% in background NO2 columns in the northwestern US is observed. We examine the impact of the economic recession on emissions and find that decreases in NO2 column densities over cities were moderate prior to the recession (−6 ± 5% yr−1), larger during the recession (−8 ± 5% yr−1), and then smaller after the recession (−3 ± 4% yr−1). Differences in the trends observed on weekdays and weekends indicate that prior to the economic recession, NO2 reductions were dominated by technological improvements to the light-duty vehicle fleet but that a decrease in diesel truck activity has contributed to emission reductions since the recession. We use the satellite observations to estimate a 34% decrease in NO2 from mobile sources in cities for 2005–2011 and use that value to infer changes in non-mobile sources. We find that reductions in NO2 from non-mobile sources in cities have been both more modest and more variable than NO2 reductions from mobile sources (−10 ± 13%).
Differential effects of physiological concentrations of retinoic acid in vitro on chondrogenesis and myogenesis in chick craniofacial mesenchyme

Abstract Recent studies have shown that in the developing limb bud retinoic acid is a skeletal morphogen at physiological levels, but a potent teratogen at higher levels. Retinoic acid has also been shown to be teratogenic during facial development, but very low levels may have an as yet unspecified role in normal development. In the present study the effects of retinoic on chondrogenesis and myogenesis by craniofacial cells grown in micromass cell culture were investigated. Retinoic acid, at concentrations of investigated. Retinoic acid, at concentrations of 0.01–100 ng/ml, was supplied to cells derived from day-4 (H.H stage 23/24) chick embryo mandibular, maxillary and frontonasal processes, grown in micromass cultures for 4 days in both serum-containing and defined media. Based on Alcia-blue-staining, concentrations of retinoic acid of 0.1–1 ng/ml were found to enhance chondrogenesis by mandibular cells grown in defined medium, while greater concentrations up to 100/ml inhibited chondrogenesis. By contrast, chondrogenesis was generally retarded by all concentrations of retinoic acid applied to frontonasal cells grown in defined medium and when applied to both man dibular and frontonasal cells when grown in serum-containing medium. Cells from stage-23/24 maxillae did not display any significant chondrogenic activity in either medium under these culture conditions. Unlike chondrogenesis, myogenesis in mandibular, frontonasal and maxillary cultures was greater in defined than serum-containing medium, based on the appearance of immunologically detectable muscle myosin, and was reduced considerably less in defined medium by all concentrations of retinoic acid tested. In the presence of serum however, myogenesis was retarded with increasing concentrations of retinoic acid beyond 1 ng/ml in micromass cultures from the various facial processes suggests complexities in sensitivity to this retinoid in both time and region.
The Java Virtual Machine: a passing fad?

Java's portability and platform independence have made it the language of choice for developing Web-based applications. Yet Java actually consists of three parts: a language, a rich class library, and a distribution standard based on a virtual machine. It is this third link that the author considers most vulnerable to replacement. He explains why this is likely, drawing on his experience developing an alternative scheme to support software transportability, and given the eventual deployment of dynamic code generators.
General Response Tendencies and Parental Attitudes in the Mothers of Mentally Retarded Children

The Parental Attitude Research Instrument (PARI) was administered to 96 women whose children were candidates for placement in a state institution for the mentally retarded. Ss were divided into two groups of equal size: mothers of the severely retarded and mothers of the mildly retarded. The latter group initially obtained significantly higher scores on 15 of the 23 PARI scales. However, when Bell's procedure for isolating the elevation and scatter of the item-response profile was applied, the number of significant differences between the groups proved not to be significantly greater than chance.
SHAPE OF PION DISTRIBUTION AMPLITUDE AND TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM IN HARD EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES

Inclusion of transverse momentum effects into the description of the pion-photon transition form factor is discussed. At low k⊥, a consistent description may be obtained within the light-front formalism. On the other hand, the large-k⊥ limit is most conveniently treated within the Sudakov parameterization framework. The third way of introducing k⊥ is based on the "local duality" approach motivated by QCD sum rules. It is shown that, while the local duality gives a correct (coinciding with the axial anomaly based prediction) result for the real photon point, a straightforward extension of the formulas of the modified factorization approach into the small virtualities domain produces a divergent result. It is pointed out that such lessons should be taken into account while constructing transverse-momentum-dependent schemes for inclusive processes.
MEASURING SELF-ASSEMBLY IN SOLUTION : INCORPORATION AND DYNAMICS OF A TAILOR-MADE IMPURITY IN PRECRYSTALLINE GLUCOSE AGGREGATES

We have studied the onset of crystallization from solution using a fluorescent probe molecule that incorporates selectively into precrystalline glucose aggregates that form in supersaturated aqueou...
Mechanical preparation of sapphire single-crystal surfaces by vibratory techniques

Abstract A vibratory polishing technique is reported for the preparation of sapphire single-crystal wafers for use as substrates for epitaxial semiconductor thin films. The sawing, lapping, and polishing sequence produces a flat, pit- and scratch-free surface when viewed at 110 × using a Nomarski interference contrast objective. The amount of surface damage incurred during various processing steps was determined by the constancy-of-etch-rate technique. Surfaces of the following orientations were examined: 〈0001〉, 〈01 1 2〉, 〈11 2 0〉, 6° off 〈11 2 0〉, and 〈10 1 4〉.
Plasma thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor changes following sepsis.

Sepsis-induced systemic inflammation results in coagulation abnormalities that may be different in gram-positive and gram-negative infections. We used ciprofloxacin to induce a predominantly gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis polymicrobial sepsis in rats. Ciprofloxacin-untreated rats exhibited a predominantly gram-negative polymicrobial sepsis. Rats were subjected to 30% body surface area burn (B), cecal ligation puncture (CLP) with a 22-gauge needle, and B + CLP. Ciprofloxacin-treated B + CLP rats showed a significant decrease in plasma thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) levels compared with sham rats. However, plasma tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) levels decreased significantly in B, CLP, and B + CLP groups compared with sham rats. The ciprofloxacin-untreated group showed a significant decrease in plasma TAFI levels in CLP and B + CLP and plasma TFPI levels decreased in all 3 groups compared with sham rats. Histological changes in the liver and kidney included vascular congestio...
Studies on the effect of storage of normolipidemic plasma on the metabolism of very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in human skin fibroblasts

Abstract Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) isolated from fresh normolipidemic plasma were able to compete with labeled low-density lipoproteins (LDL) for receptor binding as efficiently as LDL in human skin fibroblasts. However, VLDL from fresh plasma failed to stimulate acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) (EC 2.3.1.26) activity significantly. When plasma was stored at 4°C for 24–48 h before ultracentrifugation, the VLDL were able to stimulate ACAT activity significantly. Proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes do not appear to play a role in this phenomenon. The increased capacity of VLDL from stored plasma to stimulate ACAT activity appears to be due partly to the increase in the internalization and degradation processes. Both the larger and the smaller VLDL subclasses were able to stimulate ACAT activity in the cells. The actual changes that take place in the VLDL molecule during the storage of plasma are not known.
I Feel What He Was Doin’: Responding to Justice-Oriented Teaching Through Hip-Hop Aesthetics

This study illustrates a set of learning activities designed from two hip-hop aesthetics and explores their use among a classroom of African American preservice teachers who graduated from urban sc...
Florid cutaneous papillomatosis

Florid cutaneous papillomatosis is an obligate paraneoplastic syndrome. Originally described by Schwartz and Burgess, and also known as the Schwartz–Burgess syndrome, it is a widespread eruption resembling viral warts yet with no evidence of human papilloma virus infection. We review this entity and its implications. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:709–712. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Buckling analysis of tri-axial woven fabric composite structures. Part II: Parametric study : uni -directional loading

Abstract The buckling behavior of simple tri-axially woven composite structure is studied. There are two cases of these simple structures that are considered: one is a basic structure and the other is the modified basic structure where additional weavings are added to make the structure longer and wider. The basic composite structure consists of six individual curved tows and they are bonded by resin at interlaced parts of the tows. The structure is subjected to uni-directional loading. The sensitivity of the buckling behavior of the basic tri-axial structure to the change in the boundary conditions and to the imperfection due to initial configuration is investigated. The sensitivity analysis of buckling behavior to the in-plane aspect ratio of the structure is also studied. The numerical results and corresponding physical explanations are given. In order to gain some insight into the buckling behavior of more complicated tri-axial woven fabric composite structures, the buckling analysis of the modified and enlarged basic tri-axial composite structures subjected to uni-directional loading is conducted. Numerical results reveal that these modified and enlarged basic tri-axial composite structures have almost the same buckling behavior as the basic tri-axial structure. In order to provide confirmation to the numerical solutions and to provide simpler ways to obtain the results, approximate analytical solution corresponding to the basic tri-axial structure has been derived by using equivalent multi-layered plate theory. The numerical result obtained for the basic tri-axial structure is compared with the analytical solution. The investigation of the effect of the resin on the basic tri-axial woven composite structure shows that the Young’s modulus of the resin has little effect on the buckling behavior of the basic tri-axial structure due to the interaction of the woven tows constituting the structure.
Conceptions of Validity: The Private and the Public

Paul E. Newton is to be commended for addressing as challenging a topic as the clarification of the concept of validity. The impetus for this foray is the author's judgment that, despite decades of...
Evaluating Extraction and Storage of a Recombinant Protein Produced in Agroinfiltrated Lettuce

Extraction and storage of a recombinant protein produced by transient expression following agroinfiltration of lettuce were investigated. Lettuce leaves expressing beta-glucuronidase (GUS) were extracted by homogenization in several buffer combinations, and the yield and stability were assessed. The reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) was found to be the most important (significant) component in the extraction buffer. An extraction buffer consisting of 50 mM sodium phosphate at pH 7.0 with 10 mM DTT produced a good yield and stabilized GUS. Leaching of GUS through intact agroinfiltrated lettuce leaves was determined to be infeasible, with a maximum flux of 10 microg GUS/h/m2 and recovery of 1.7% of the GUS content in 24 h. Freeze-drying was evaluated as a method to extend the shelf life of the perishable leaf material containing GUS. First- and second-order kinetic models and the Weibull distribution were compared to describe inactivation of GUS in the freeze-dried leaves and leaf extracts. The first-order model best fit the inactivation data. An Arrhenius model fit the first-order inactivation data with respect to temperature with R2 = 1.00. Freeze-drying the lettuce leaves extended the estimated half-life of GUS to 69 days at 21 degrees C versus 11 days at 4 degrees C for fresh lettuce.
The Grandiose Narcissism Scale: A Global and Facet-Level Measure of Grandiose Narcissism

Abstract The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) is the primary measure of grandiose narcissism (GN) despite possessing numerous limitations. Here we present a new 33-item measure of GN called the Grandiose Narcissism Scale (GNS) that exhibits a reproducible seven-factor structure that maps on to Raskin and Terry’s (1988) seven factor model. GNS subscales exhibit high reliability, with several being substantially more reliable than their NPI counterparts. As a full-scale, the GNS correlates with other variables in a way that is consistent with the theoretical portrait of GN. Additionally, two of the GNS subscales (entitlement, exploitativeness) are shown to uniquely predict independent measures of entitlement and exploitativeness, suggesting good subscale validity. Cumulatively, the GNS represents a viable complement or alternative to the NPI.
The histology and ultrastructure of the liver of Atlantic croaker Micropogon undulatus L.

Atlantic croaker, Micropogon undulatus L., were sampled from an estuary and selected offshore sites in the Gulf of Mexico. Liver samples were collected for light and transmission electron microscopy. Histologically, the Atlantic croaker liver parenchyma was arranged in tubular units. The tubules were similar to those of the primitive marine hagfish but contained unique features such as a central sinusoid and intercellular bile canaliculi. This liver structure may represent an evolutionary step from the primitive tubular hagfish liver to the muralium pattern of higher vertebrates. Pigments which may have occurred from disturbances in the normal oxidative pathways of hepatic lipids were also present in the liver.
Infrared measurements of CVD diamond films

The growth surfaces of CVD diamond films are usually rough with polycrystalline crystallographic habits which presents a severe problem if CVD diamond films are to be used in infrared optics. Several methods are described in this paper in an effort to solve this problem. A polishing process was used to reduce the surface roughness by polishing the rough growth surface with a heated cast iron scaife. For polished films, near 70% transmittance was obtained over the whole range of 600-4000 cm-1, while the transmittance for non-polished films were much lower and varied strongly with the wavenumber. Absorptions believed due to carbon-hydrogen stretching bands and a silicon carbide phase were observed in the transmission spectra of polished diamond films.
Upper Extremity Exposure among Poultry Processing Operators

This study quantitatively investigated the physical exposure in the upper extremities of poultry processing operators, by electromyography (EMG) and psychophysical methods. Results showed that all three poultry processing jobs had high loads on the forearm flexor and extensor muscles. Loading on the shoulder region may not be a major concern for many of the operators. However, some individual operators may still be exposed to high shoulder loads possibly due to the mismatch between the workstations and the individual operators.
Ultrasonographically guided intrauterine contraceptive device removal before chorionic villus sampling.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Management of a retained intrauterine contraceptive device with no visible string during early pregnancy presents a dilemma. Because these devices are frequently used by multiparous women, it is not unusual that many women with retained devices are also of advanced maternal age. We describe our experience with ultrasonographically guided first-trimester retrieval of an intrauterine contraceptive device in conjunction with chorionic villus sampling. STUDY DESIGN: Patients with a first-trimester pregnancy and a retained intrauterine contraceptive device where no string was visible were offered ultrasonographically guided retrieval of the device. If the patient had genetic risks and desired prenatal diagnosis, chorionic villus sampling was offered at the same office visit. RESULTS: Six patients underwent intrauterine contraceptive device retrieval, under continuous ultrasonographic guidance, by use of an intrauterine contraceptive device hook. All patients had a posterior or fundal device. One patient had two in situ: a Lippes Loop (Ortho Pharmaceutical Corp., Raritan, N.J.) removed by its string and a Cu-7 (G.D. Searle & Co., Chicago) removed under ultrasonographic guidance. The remaining five patients had a Cu-7. Four of six patientss had chorionic villus sampling performed immediately after the intrauterine contraceptive device removal and one patient had chorionic villus sampling 3 weeks later. There were two losses in our series: one after a lengthy procedure and one before documented viability. All infants were structurally normal and born at term. CONCLUSION: First-trimester ultrasonographically guided retrieval of a retained intrauterine contraceptive device may be safely performed in conjunction with chorionic villus sampling.
Probing onium ions and carbocations by desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: Crossing the threshold between fragile salts and gaseous intact cations and subsequent guest–host and cation–molecule cluster chemistry

The utility of desorption/ionization mass spectrometric (DI/MS) techniques in dealing with physical organic problems involving fragile onium salts and carbocation salts has been explored. The efficacy of these methods, especially when coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, goes much beyond the analytical aspects dealing with identity/purity determinations. For example, insight can be gained regarding the role of the counterion in subsequent cation decomposition pathways. Guest–host chemistry of onium ions and various hosts (crowns, calixarenes) can be probed. The decomposition chemistry of the resulting ion–molecule clusters can be studied. Examples of onium salts and carbocation salts that have been studied are few, probably because research in this area has been mainly a domain for analytical chemists. This paper calls attention to the possibilities for dealing with topical physical organic problems.
Human antigen-specific regulatory T cells generated by T cell receptor gene transfer.

Author(s): Brusko, Todd M; Koya, Richard C; Zhu, Shirley; Lee, Michael R; Putnam, Amy L; McClymont, Stephanie A; Nishimura, Michael I; Han, Shuhong; Chang, Lung-Ji; Atkinson, Mark A; Ribas, Antoni; Bluestone, Jeffrey A | Abstract: Therapies directed at augmenting regulatory T cell (Treg) activities in vivo as a systemic treatment for autoimmune disorders and transplantation may be associated with significant off-target effects, including a generalized immunosuppression that may compromise beneficial immune responses to infections and cancer cells. Adoptive cellular therapies using purified expanded Tregs represents an attractive alternative to systemic treatments, with results from animal studies noting increased therapeutic potency of antigen-specific Tregs over polyclonal populations. However, current methodologies are limited in terms of the capacity to isolate and expand a sufficient quantity of endogenous antigen-specific Tregs for therapeutic intervention. Moreover, FOXP3+ Tregs fall largely within the CD4+ T cell subset and are thus routinely MHC class II-specific, whereas class I-specific Tregs may function optimally in vivo by facilitating direct tissue recognition.To overcome these limitations, we have developed a novel means for generating large numbers of antigen-specific Tregs involving lentiviral T cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer into in vitro expanded polyclonal natural Treg populations. Tregs redirected with a high-avidity class I-specific TCR were capable of recognizing the melanoma antigen tyrosinase in the context of HLA-A*0201 and could be further enriched during the expansion process by antigen-specific reactivation with peptide loaded artificial antigen presenting cells. These in vitro expanded Tregs continued to express FOXP3 and functional TCRs, and maintained the capacity to suppress conventional T cell responses directed against tyrosinase, as well as bystander T cell responses. Using this methodology in a model tumor system, murine Tregs designed to express the tyrosinase TCR effectively blocked antigen-specific effector T cell (Teff) activity as determined by tumor cell growth and luciferase reporter-based imaging.These results support the feasibility of class I-restricted TCR transfer as a promising strategy to redirect the functional properties of Tregs and provide for a more efficacious adoptive cell therapy.
A d-Peptide Analog of the Second Extracellular Loop of Claudin-3 and -4 Leads to MisLocalized Claudin and Cellular Apoptosis in Mammary Epithelial Cells

Claudins are cell adhesion proteins thought to mediate cell-cell contacts at the tight junction. Although a major role of claudins is to control paracellular diffusion, increasing evidence suggests that they may also function in tumor progression. To examine the role of the second extracellular loop in cell adhesion, a small peptide was designed, which mimics a conserved sequence, DFYNP, within specific 'classic' claudin subtypes. Using fluorescent indicators with mammary epithelial cells, treatment with both the L- and D-forms of this peptide showed mislocalization of claudin-4 and claudin-3 and activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3, indicating apoptosis. To test specificity, peptides were made both with various end-groups and with glycine substitutions at each of the five residues. Changing end-groups did not influence the activity of the peptide. Amino acid substitutions at F147, Y148, N149, or P150, however, prevented peptide activity. A fluorescent-labeled peptide was shown to associate with the tight junction at 4 °C and cause apoptosis when the cultures were warmed to 37 °C. In conclusion, both the D- and L-forms of a small peptide that mimics a sequence in the second extracellular loop of claudins can target and disrupt claudin proteins in an epithelial monolayer and initiate apoptosis.