cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A study of the conformational isomerism of n-propyl nitrate by microwave spectroscopy

Abstract The rotational spectrum of n-propyl nitrate was measured in the frequency range between 6 and 18 GHz using a Balle-Flygare Fourier transform microwave jet/cavity spectrometer. Parent, 13C and 15N isotopologue transitions for the lower-energy anti-gauche (AG) conformer were found using this instrument. The search for spectra from other conformers was performed using a broadband chirped-pulse jet spectrometer. Transitions from the anti-anti (AA) conformer were observed in this manner. Parent, 13C and 15N isotopologue transitions for the AA conformer were rescanned using the cavity instrument to improve resolution and the signal-to-noise ratio. Rotational, centrifugal distortion, and nuclear electric quadrupole coupling constants for all conformers/isotopologues were fit using Pickett’s SPFIT program. The structure of n-propyl nitrate is discussed considering these results.
Things We DON’T Do for No Reason

In 2010, Dr Howard Brody introduced the idea of “the top 5 list” in the New England Journal of Medicine , calling on medical specialties to identify items of overuse to provide high-value care.1 This led to the “choosing wisely” campaign to identify commonly overused measures in medicine in >70 different medical specialties.1 One aspect of this campaign is the “Things We Do For No Reason” articles in the Journal of Hospital Medicine , which focus on the evidence behind common overuse, overdiagnosis, or high-value care issues. These discussions are an important part of pediatric hospital medicine, and efforts to promote this subject must continue. As hospitalists, we also have an obligation to reassess things we should be doing. We will discuss 3 examples briefly in this article but encourage this discussion to continue, at conferences, meetings, and break rooms everywhere. Bronchiolitis is the most common reason infants are hospitalized, and over half require nonoral hydration.2,3 Multiple studies have shown that enteral and nasogastric hydration is comparable to intravenous (IV) hydration in terms of safety and tolerance.2,4,5 A large, randomized controlled trial of infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis did not reveal any significant difference in rates of ICU admission, oxygen therapy duration, ventilator support requirement, or length of stay when comparing IV with nasogastric hydration.2 In a 2018 survey, only 12% of physicians and nurses would choose nasogastric hydration for a healthy infant with bronchiolitis.6 Many practitioners reported concerns about nasal obstruction, parental resistance, and aspiration risk, and 66% did not know that nasogastric hydration was a documented …
Black Travel Tribes: An Exploration of Race and Travel in America

This chapter examines race and leisure travel in America. It explores the impacts of racial inequality, segregation and discrimination on the travel industry. This work aims to examine how the history of Black Travel has led to the existence of Black Travel Tribes. It will also describe the nature of the tribes, why they exist, and what they hope to accomplish for Black travellers around the world. The chapter will begin chronicling the impacts of slavery and segregation on Black Travel, followed by an exploration of Black Travel Tribes, their shared identities and collective mechanisms, concluding with a discussion on growth opportunities and challenges facing the tourism industry regarding Black Travel Tribes.
First Experimental Demonstration of Robust HZO/β-Ga₂O₃ Ferroelectric Field-Effect Transistors as Synaptic Devices for Artificial Intelligence Applications in a High-Temperature Environment

We have experimentally demonstrated robust beta-gallium oxide ( $\beta $ -Ga2O3) ferroelectric (FE) field-effect transistors (FeFETs) on a sapphire substrate operated up to 400 °C. Atomic layer deposited (ALD) Hf0.5 Zr0.5O2 [hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO)] is used as the FE dielectric. The HZO/ $\beta $ -Ga2O3 FeFETs are studied for their synaptic behavior applications at elevated temperatures. The devices show distinguishable polarization switching operation with the output conductance quasi-linearly controlled by the number of input pulses on the FE gate. In a simulation, on-chip learning accuracy reaches 94% at elevated temperatures using the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) data set with a simple two-layer multilayer perceptron (MLP) network. These ultra wide bandgap semiconductor devices have the potential to fill the need for harsh environment neuromorphic applications.
Association of post-transplant outcomes with induction intensity in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

e19026Background: The USFDA has recently approved several oral targeted therapies for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The relative survival impact of these agents vs standard inducti...
Supply chain resilience: an empirical examination of the bouncing back or forward phenomenon

Recently, scholars identify the significance of accurately capturing what it means to be resilient and its implications for firms and supply chains. This research advances the understanding of resi...
Legal Epidemiology For A Clearer Understanding Of Abortion Laws And Their Impact

The global abortion field has a murky understanding of the impact of abortion laws. With legal epidemiology, legal and scientific researchers can together produce a clearer view of the relationships between laws and public health outcomes. Scientists study public health with a required degree of rigor, while the global study of abortion laws and how they impact public health outcomes remains less developed. Global abortion researchers tend to focus on the circumstances in which abortion is legal as the independent variable when investigating public health outcomes. Other provisions such as who is authorized to provide abortions—particularly in countries where health care professionals are inaccessible—may have an even greater impact. But gaps in evidence of impact persist. Legal epidemiology, broadly, and policy surveillance, specifically, offer theories and methods that researchers can apply to the study of the impact of abortion laws on public health outcomes. The World Health Organization took a giant step toward making abortion laws accessible through the Global Abortion Policies Database; policy surveillance would add rigor and enable researchers to study laws over time. A better global understanding of the relationships between abortion laws and public health outcomes is urgent, as a growing number of people experiencing displacement and an increase in the practice of self-managed abortion complicates the impact of law. With good evidence on the relationships between laws and public health outcomes, people working to improve abortion access can more precisely target their efforts and resources to improve the health and lives of people who have abortions.
Critical Behavior of Subcellular Density Organization During Neutrophil Activation and Migration

Physical theories of active matter continue to provide a quantitative understanding of dynamic cellular phenomena, including cell locomotion. Although various investigations of the rheology of cells have identified important viscoelastic and traction force parameters for use in these theoretical approaches, a key variable has remained elusive both in theoretical and experimental approaches: the spatiotemporal behavior of the subcellular density. The evolution of the subcellular density has been qualitatively observed for decades as it provides the source of image contrast in label-free imaging modalities (e.g., differential interference contrast, phase contrast) used to investigate cellular specimens. While these modalities directly visualize cell structure, they do not provide quantitative access to the structures being visualized. We present an established quantitative imaging approach, non-interferometric quantitative phase microscopy, to elucidate the subcellular density dynamics in neutrophils undergoing chemokinesis following uniform bacterial peptide stimulation. Through this approach, we identify a power law dependence of the neutrophil mean density on time with a critical point, suggesting a critical density is required for motility on 2D substrates. Next we elucidate a continuum law relating mean cell density, area, and total mass that is conserved during neutrophil polarization and migration. Together, our approach and quantitative findings will enable investigators to define the physics coupling cytoskeletal dynamics with subcellular density dynamics during cell migration.
Sperm Artificially Exposed to Antisperm Antibodies Show Altered Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Purpose:Our purpose was to assess sperm deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) integrity after exposure to antisperm antibodies.
Cross-Desensitization among CXCR1, CXCR2, and CCR5: Role of Protein Kinase C-ε

The IL-8 (or CXCL8) chemokine receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2, activate protein kinase C (PKC) to mediate leukocyte functions. To investigate the roles of different PKC isoforms in CXCL8 receptor activation and regulation, human mononuclear phagocytes were treated with CXCL8 or CXCL1 (melanoma growth-stimulating activity), which is specific for CXCR2. Plasma membrane association was used as a measure of PKC activation. Both receptors induced time-dependent association of PKCα, -β1, and -β2 to the membrane, but only CXCR1 activated PKCe. CXCL8 also failed to activate PKCe in RBL-2H3 cells stably expressing CXCR2. ΔCXCR2, a cytoplasmic tail deletion mutant of CXCR2 that is resistant to internalization, activated PKCe as well as CXCR1. Expression of the PKCe inhibitor peptide eV1 in RBL-2H3 cells blocked PKCe translocation and inhibited receptor-mediated exocytosis, but not phosphoinositide hydrolysis or peak intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization. eV1 also inhibited CXCR1-, CCR5-, and ΔCXCR2-mediated cross-regulatory signals for GTPase activity, Ca 2+ mobilization, and internalization. Peritoneal macrophages from PKCe-deficient mice (PKCe −/− ) also showed decreased CCR5-mediated cross-desensitization of G protein activation and Ca 2+ mobilization. Taken together, the results indicate that CXCR1 and CCR5 activate PKCe to mediate cross-inhibitory signals. Inhibition or deletion of PKCe decreases receptor-induced exocytosis and cross-regulatory signals, but not phosphoinositide hydrolysis or peak intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization, suggesting that cross-regulation is a Ca 2+ -independent process. Because ΔCXCR2, but not CXCR2, activates PKCe and cross-desensitizes CCR5, the data further suggest that signal duration leading to activation of novel PKC may modulate receptor-mediated cross-inhibitory signals.
Disciplining Marnie , on Tony Lee Moral Hitchcock and the Making of Marnie

Tony Lee Moral _Hitchcock and the Making of Marnie_ Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002 ISBN 0719064821 215 pp.
12-Step Participation and Outcomes Over 7 Years Among Adolescent Substance Use Patients With and Without Psychiatric Comorbidity

This study examines the associations between 12-step participation and outcomes over 7 years among 419 adolescent substance use patients with and without psychiatric comorbidities. Although level of participation decreased over time for both groups, comorbid adolescents participated in 12-step groups at comparable or higher levels across time points. Results from mixed-effects logistic regression models indicated that for both groups, 12-step participation was associated with both alcohol and drug abstinence at follow-ups, increasing the likelihood of either by at least 3 times. Findings highlight the potential benefits of 12-step participation in maintaining long-term recovery for adolescents with and without psychiatric disorders.
9/11 and the evolution of newspaper representations of incarcerated Muslims:

Prior research has examined public attitudes towards—and media portrayals of—Muslims in the United States following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Scholars, however, have yet to examine media portrayals of incarcerated Muslims in the era following the attacks. In this article, I analyze newspaper reports published before and after the 9/11 attacks to examine whether representations of incarcerated Muslims shifted following the attacks. Findings indicate that although terrorism and the war on terror, inmate radicalization, and the significance of Muslim chaplains are themes that emerged only in post-9/11 reports, there is also substantial overlap in the content of reports published before and after the attacks. These findings are interpreted by drawing on the minority threat perspective. Language: en
Assessing 3D shear stress–strain properties of composites using Digital Image Correlation and finite element analysis based optimization

Abstract This work presents a method which uses the full-field measurement capability of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) for a simultaneous assessment of non-linear shear stress-–strain relations for composites in all three principal material planes. The method, which employs a small rectangular plate torsion specimen, advances our ability to measure 3D material properties compared to the previous methodology that was able to use only small regions of the specimen surfaces in the material characterization. The new methodology takes full advantage of the full-field measurement. Material stress–strain constitutive modeling is relying on the DIC data including the in-plane as well as out-of-plane strain components; and on iterative finite element model (FEM) updating based on the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm for minimization of weighted least squares error between the DIC-measured and the FEM-predicted strains. Results include the in-plane and two interlaminar stress–strain curves simultaneously captured for a practical carbon/epoxy tape material system.
Fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection

Clostridium difficile, a major cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea due to perturbation of the normal gastrointestinal microbiome, is responsible for significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditures. The incidence and severity of C difficile infection (CDI) is increasing, and recurrent disease is common. Recurrent infection can be difficult to manage with conventional antibiotic therapy. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which involves instillation of stool from a healthy donor into the gastrointestinal tract of the patient, restores the gut microbiome to a healthy state. FMT has emerged as a promising new treatment for CDI. There are limited data on FMT for treatment of primary CDI, but FMT appears safe and effective for recurrent CDI. The safety and efficacy of FMT in patients with severe primary or severe recurrent CDI has not been established. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who undergo FMT for CDI may be at increased risk of IBD flare, and caution should be exercised with use of FMT in that population. The long-term safety of FMT is unknown; thus, rigorously conducted prospective studies are needed.
Defibrillator Deactivation against a Patient's Wishes: Perspectives of Electrophysiology Practitioners.

Background Unilateral do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders (against patient/family wishes) have been ethically justified in cases of medical futility. We investigated whether electrophysiology practitioners believe medical futility justifies unilateral implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) deactivation. Methods and Results Email invitations to take an online survey were sent to 1,894 electrophysiology practitioners. A total of 384 responses were collected (response rate 20.6%). Though the sample included respondents from Europe, Asia, Australia, South America, and Africa, the majority were from North America (78%), were academically affiliated (64%), and practiced in an urban setting (67.8%). Deactivation of ICD shock function in agreement with patient wishes and a preexisting DNR were not considered physician-assisted suicide (93.2%, 358/384). However, a majority of the sample responded that it was not ethical/moral for doctors to deactivate ICDs against patients’ wishes (77.1%, 296/384) or against family/surrogates’ wishes (72.4%, 278/384), even in the context of medical futility. A majority indicated that deactivating ICD shock function is not ethically/morally different than withholding cardiopulmonary resuscitation or external defibrillation in a code (72.7%, 277/381), but was different than deactivating pacing in a pacemaker-dependent patient (82.8%, 318/384). In the classification of interventions, a plurality (43.0%, 165/383) regarded ICDs to be unlike any other intervention. Concerning pacemakers, 50% (191/382) considered them to be like dialysis (a therapy that keeps patients alive). Conclusions This international sample of electrophysiology practitioners considered ICD and pacemaker deactivation to be ethically distinct. While ICD deactivation was considered appropriate in the setting of patient/family agreement, unilateral deactivation was not.
Aerosol‐induced mechanisms for cumulus congestus growth

Tropical convection has been observed to contain three cloud modes, the middle of which is cumulus congestus clouds. Congestus clouds act to moisten the tropical atmosphere, may be mixed-phase, and on occasion surpass the freezing level inversion from where they may develop into deeper convection. This study investigates the impacts of enhanced aerosol concentrations on the growth of congestus clouds produced in idealized cloud-resolving model simulations run under a state of radiative convective equilibrium (RCE). High-resolution, long-duration simulations were completed using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). Aerosol concentrations between 2 and 4 km above ground level were varied from clean to polluted conditions in order to represent the advection of Saharan dust over the Atlantic Ocean. The congestus populations within each aerosol simulation are statistically analyzed using 10 days of model output after the simulation reaches RCE. Results indicate that congestus in more polluted conditions produce greater amounts of cloud water and ice mass, enhanced updraft strengths, and an increase in the number of congestus cloud tops that extend above the freezing level. Enhanced vapor depositional growth on the populations of more numerous, smaller cloud droplets in the polluted conditions, and the subsequent increase in latent heat release in the warm phase regions of the cloud, is found to be important factors in convective invigoration of these cloud systems. Aerosol feedbacks associated with cold pools and condensate loading also influence the updraft strength and act in opposition to the warm phase invigoration processes.
Early Nutrition and Later Adiposity

The objective was to review whether nutrition during pregnancy and the first 3 y of life predisposes individuals to be fatter as adults. The roles of undernutrition, overnutrition and breastfeeding were considered. The evidence that poor nutrition in early life is a risk factor for increased fatness later in life is inconclusive. Overnutrition, as proxied by high birthweight or gestational diabetes, on the other hand, is associated with subsequent fatness. Two large, well-conducted studies in developed countries suggest that breastfeeding has a protective effect. Nutrition in early life has a demonstrable but small impact on adult obesity.
More than Forty Years of Organosulfur Chemistry and Many Other Studies

Abstract Sulfur Reports proudly presents the latest addition to its Grand Old Men of Sulfur Chemistry hall of fame, the chemical autobiography of our distinguished editorial board member Michael P. Cava. Professor Cava's most significant and impressive achievements in organic sulfur chemistry and organic chemistry at large, starting with the legendary total synthesis of strychnine and culminating with a wealth of highly topical organic metals work, are documented in a complete bibliography with 410 research papers. This high priest of chalcogenology's lasting contributions include major landwinnings in the areas of nonclassical thiophenes and a plethora of other sulfur heterocycles, exotic thiocarbonyl compounds such as thioquinones, and, for good measure, novel selenium and tellurium compounds. The autobiography proper is lucid, concise, and contagious with its pervasive love of adventure and joy of organic synthesis. While the author's contemporaries will enjoy to relive some of the great moments of the...
A Markov Model of Referral-Based Hiring and Workplace Segregation

ABSTRACT I construct a Markov model of referral hiring to look at two issues: inequality between groups and workplace segregation. The model differs from most models of referral hiring in that it explicitly considers a firm structure where employment opportunities arise. The model suggests that referral hiring does not directly produce inequality between groups at the population level, even though firms have a bias toward hiring workers from the same group they already employ. The result highlights a difference between outcomes of referral hiring at the population and individual levels in that individual firm biases balance out when aggregated. However, referral hiring does produce segregation of groups across firms in a given industry, and the degree of segregation monotonically increases in the amount of referral hiring.
Zooplankton of a swamp water ecosystem

The Great Dismal Swamp, located in southeastern Virginia and extending into northeastern North Carolina, is a unique ecosystem which has undergone severe alteration over the last 200 years due to agricultural, municipal and timbering development. The swamp is presently about 50% of its late 1700 size when George Washington commissioned the construction of the first of a series of drainage ditches that have subsequently reduced the swamp aquatic environs to a ditch network draining into Lake Drummond located near the swamp's center. The swamp waters are characterized by a brown color, high suspended organic matter, high acidity and low nutrient levels. This paper presents the first comprehensive study of the zooplankton assemblages of the Great Dismal Swamp.
Optogenetics to target actin-mediated synaptic loss in Alzheimer's

Numerous studies in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) animal models show that overproduction of Aβ peptides and their oligomerization can distort dendrites, damage synapses, and decrease the number of dendritic spines and synapses. Aβ may trigger synapse loss by modulating activity of actin-regulating proteins, such as Rac1 and cofilin. Indeed, Aβ1-42 oligomers can activate actin severing protein cofilin through calcineurin-mediated activation of phosphatase slingshot and inhibit an opposing pathway that suppresses cofilin phosphorylation through Rac-mediated activation of LIMK1. Excessive activation of actin-severing protein cofilin triggers the formation of a non-dynamic actin bundles, called rods that are found in AD brains and cause loss of synapses. Hence, regulation of these actin-regulating proteins in dendritic spines could potentially provide useful tools for preventing the synapse/spine loss associated with earlier stages of AD neuropathology. However, lack of spatiotemporal control over their activity is a key limitation. Recently, optogenetic advancements have provided researchers with convenient light-activating proteins such as photoactivatable Rac (PARac). Here, we transfected cultured primary hippocampal neurons and human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells with a PARac/ mCherry-containing plasmid and the mCherry-positive cells were identified and imaged using an inverted fluorescence microscope. Rac1 activation was achieved by irradiation with blue light (480nm) and live changes in dendritic spine morphology were observed using mCherry (587nm). Rac activation was confirmed by immunostaining for phosphorylated form of effector proteinP21 protein-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) and reorganization of actin. Thus, our studies confirm the feasibility of using the PA-Rac construct to trigger actin re-organization in the dendritic spines.
Longer Duration of Cardiopulmonary Bypass Is Associated With Greater Numbers of Cerebral Microemboli

Background and Purpose—Many patients who undergo cardiac surgery assisted with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) experience cerebral injury, and microemboli are thought to play a role. Because an increased duration of CPB is associated with an increased risk of subsequent cerebral dysfunction, we investigated whether cerebral microemboli were also more numerous with a longer duration of CPB. Methods—Brain specimens were obtained from 36 patients who died within 3 weeks after CPB. Specimens were embedded in celloidin, sectioned 100 μm thick, and stained for endogenous alkaline phosphatase, which outlines arterioles and capillaries. In such preparations, emboli can be seen as swellings in the vessels. Cerebral microemboli were counted in equal areas and scored as small, medium, or large to estimate the embolic load (volume of emboli). Results—With increasing survival time after CPB, the embolic load declined (P<0.0001). (Lipid emboli are known to pump slowly through the brain.) Also with increasing time after CP...
Isolation and Characterization of Subunits of DB58, a Lectin from the Stems and Leaves of Dolichos biflorus

The DB58 lectin of the stems and leaves of Dolichos biflorus is a heterodimer composed of two closely related subunits, alpha and beta. These subunits were dissociated from one another in urea and isolated by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. Steric exclusion chromatography of the isolated subunits in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride showed molecular weights of 30,900 and 29,800 for the alpha and beta subunits, respectively. The subunits have very similar amino acid compositions and are glycosylated at each of their two N-glycosylation consensus sites. Each of the subunits had weak carbohydrate binding activity. Reverse-phase chromatography of tryptic digests of the subunits showed identical peptide maps with the exception of peaks identified as COOH-terminal peptides. Analyses of these peptides, COOH-terminal amino acid analyses, and the small differences in amino acid composition between the 2 subunits establish that the beta subunit differs from the alpha subunit by the absence of 11 or 12 amino acids from its COOH terminus. This structural difference, combined with information from previous biosynthetic studies, establishes that the beta subunit is derived from the alpha subunit by posttranslational proteolytic modification at the COOH terminus. The heterogeneity in the extent of truncation suggests that this conversion occurs by sequential removal of amino acids rather than by endoproteolytic cleavage. The possible physiological significance of this modification is discussed.
The weaning index as predictor of weaning success.

Background. The quest to obtain an accurate way to predict success when weaning a patient from mechanical ventilation continues. The established parameters such as tidal volume (Vt), respiratory rate (f), negative inspiratory force (NIF), vital capacity (VC), and minute ventilation (V) have not predicted weaning accurately. The frequency-to-tidal volume ratio (f/Vt), or rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) is a good predictor of weaning success if the value is low, but not when the value approximates 105. Because of the aforementioned, we decided to add 2 corrective factors to the RSBI. The first one was elastance index (EI = peak pressure/NIF) and the second one, the ventilatory demand index (VDI = minute ventilation/10). The result of the product of the RSBI × EI × VDI was called the weaning index (WI). Methods. In order to assess the discriminatory power of WI, we obtained weaning parameters and calculated WI for 59 patients in our intensive care unit and extubated them if RSBI was ≤105. Sensitivity, s...
Masculinization diminished by disruption of prenatal estrogen biosynthesis in male rats

Abstract Male rats were exposed to the aromatization inhibitor 1,4,6-androstatriene-3, 17-dione (ATD) in utero via prenatal injections to the mother on days 10 through 22 of gestation. At birth anogenital distance (AGD) and body weight (BW) were measured to assess effects of ATD on the development of genital morphology and body weight. Animals were castrated in adulthood and tested for the display of masculine sexual behavior in response to daily injections of 100 μg testosterone propionate replacement therapy. Prenatal exposure to ATD resulted in males with significantly decreased copulatory rates (MIPM) and slightly diminished probabilities of ejaculating when compared to control animals. Overall mounting, and intromission frequencies as well as percentages of animals displaying mounts and intromissions did not differ significantly across groups. These data lend support to the idea of a prenatal androgen-sensitive phase of neural sexual differentiation in which masculinization occurs, and further suggests that androgen aromatized to estrogen may be important for masculinization prenatally.
A Two-Channel Patch-Clamp System on a Chip

High-throughput patch-clamp systems require a large number of amplifiers in a small area. Towards a solution to this problem, we have implemented a two-channel patch-clamp system on a chip in a 3 x 3 mm area using silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) technology. The system is capable of compensating series resistances and the pipette capacitances up to 100 MΩ and 10 pF respectively. The system is able to compensate 100 % of the series resistance using phase-lag circuitry. The input-referred current noise of the system was 8 pA rms in a 10 kHz bandwidth and there was less than −40 dB of cross talk between the two channels. The power consumption of the device was 5 mW per channel. A leak compensation circuit, an input filter and an output filter were also integrated into the system. We have demonstrated the capabilities of the system by recording Nav1.7 sodium currents from HEK 293 cells. This accurate, low-noise system can be used with planar electrodes to produce massively parallel high-throughput patch-clamp systems that can make recordings from 384 or more cells simultaneously.View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
Radiation damage in scientific charge-coupled devices

Two important classes of radiation damage to the scientific CCD are discussed, namely bulk and ionization effects. Bulk damage or displacement damage is a process in which silicon atoms are displaced from their normal lattice positions by high energy photons or particles. Single atomic displacements or cluster defect damage in silicon is produced depending on the energy and type of radiation experienced by the detector. Bulk damage creates trapping sites within the CCD's signal channel which in turn degrades CTE performance. Ionization-induced damage induces a buildup of charge in the CCD's gate insulator causing the sensor's drive operating windows to shift (i.e. flat-band shift). In addition, ionization damage creates unwanted electronic sites at the gate's interface causing the CCD's dark current to increase. >
Adrenalectomy in Older Americans has Increased Morbidity and Mortality: An Analysis of 6,416 Patients

Background The incidence of adrenal tumors increases with age. We examined the impact of older age (>60 years) on clinical and economic outcomes after adrenalectomy.
Repression and External Reasons

As was demonstrated in Chapter 2, when Freudians use the term“repression,” they usually mean to suggest that some unconscious part of the analysand’s psyche has squirreled away a belief, namely, the belief that the analysand has a shameful or otherwise unwanted desire. In contrast, using the term repression to denote what has been called normative repression does not require positing a partitive model of the mind and simply suggests that a person can have desires that are in some way estranged, alienated, or external. In some cases, the desires might be so repressed that they remain nearly undetected. In other cases, the agent might be very aware of them, but nevertheless wishes he were rid of them because he does not see himself as having a reason to satisfy them. When it is the case that the agent has no reason to satisfy the desire, then repression seems perfectly rational — a necessary defense against temptation. There are times, however, when in the grips of repression, an agent is wrong about whether his desire gives him a reason and will admit to the same once he has overcome the repression. Cases like these are ripe with potential insight on the nature of reasons and normativity.
Analysis of granular bases using discrete deformable blocks

A method of analysis using deformable blocks is proposed for modeling unbound granular layers used in flexible pavements. An assemblage of discrete blocks of aggregates is employed to approximate the load transfer mechanisms of the real particulate nature of granular materials. The unbound aggregate bases were modeled as particulate media composed of blocks of aggregates, which are able to transfer both shear and normal compressive loads through the interfaces. Using a finite-element approach, the discrete blocks are modeled as single quadrilateral elements connected only by surrounding interface elements at each block interface. Realistic granular layer particle characteristics including translation, sliding, and even separation are permitted for each block. An iterative procedure for equilibrium is employed in the model, and the constitutive relations used in the analysis are described for determining the behavior modes of the interface elements. The granular base discrete block representation is then used in a conventional flexible pavement section having other layers modeled as continua. Important findings are presented related to the shear resistance of the granular bases.
Selective mutism and social anxiety disorder: all in the family?

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the history of lifetime psychiatric disorders in the parents of children with selective mutism (SM) compared to parents of children in a control group. Method Seventy parent dyads ( n = 140) of children with lifetime SM and 31 parent dyads ( n = 62) of children without SM were interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (IV and II) anxiety disorders, mood disorders, avoidant personality disorder, and schizoid personality disorder modules via telephone. Interviewers were blind to proband status. The NEO Personality Inventory was also administered. Results Lifetime generalized social phobia was present in 37.0% of SM parents compared to 14.1% of control parents (χ 2 = 10.98; p 2 = 6.18; p Conclusions These results support earlier uncontrolled findings of a familial relationship between generalized social phobia and SM.
The Role of Verbal Cues in Skill Learning

Verbal cues are concise phrases, often just one or two words, that are used as an alternate method of communicating task information. Research in motor learning and sport pedagogy has examined the effects of verbal cues in directing attention to critical task stimuli and information, recalling series of motor activities, and initiating movement sequences. The purpose of this paper is to address the theoretical bases of verbal cues, review recent cueing research, and offer suggestions for designing and implementing verbal cues in physical education and sport settings.
Long-range orientation correlation in liquids

Strong short-range intermolecular interactions result in position and orientation correlations between nearest neighbour molecules in isotropic liquids, and it is generally assumed that such correlations extend at most a few molecular diameters. This assumption is contradicted by results from second harmonic light scattering experiments presented here, which reveal long-range orientation correlations in several isotropic liquids including water. These experiments measure the polarization dependence of the scattered light, and the observations are interpreted in terms of transverse and longitudinal polar collective modes, as well as simple explicit models. The results revise our understanding of the structure of molecular liquids and provide a test of computational simulations.
Development of Mask Materials for EUVL

Though the Semiconductor market is soft, the technology that drives it continues to march on. Corning has supplied the semiconductor market through two generations of lithography with KrF and ArF grade HPFS Glass; the established excellence will continue with the supply of CaF2 for 157nm and ULE Glass for 13nm. ULE Glass is a low expansion silicate glass that has historically been used for ground and spaced based telescope mirrors such as Gemini and Hubble. Industry experts have now identified ULE Glass as a material of choice for EUVL applications; but with new opportunities come new hurdles, and ULE Glass will need to be improved in order to meet the challenges of EUVL. The purpose of this presentation is to give the audience a general update of Corning's ULE Glass improvement effort for EUVL, with focus on EUV photomask requirements; it will include an overview of key ULE Glass properties, improvements that have been made, and a road map of work to be done.
Eel River margin source-to-sink sediment budgets: Revisited

Abstract The Eel River coastal margin has been used as a representative source-to-sink sediment dispersal system owing to its steep, high-sediment yield river and the formation of sedimentary strata on its continental shelf. One finding of previous studies is that the adjacent continental shelf retains only ~ 25% of the Eel River fine-grained sediment (less than 63 μm) discharged over time scales of both individual floods and the 20th century, thus suggesting that the Eel shelf trapping-efficiency is uniquely lower than other similar systems. Here I provide data and analyses showing that sediment discharge relationships in the Eel River have varied strongly with time and include substantial decreases in suspended-sediment concentrations during the latter 20th century. Including these trends in margin-wide sediment budgets, I show that previous Eel River sediment discharge rates were overestimated by a factor of two. Thus, revised sediment budgets shown here reveal that the Eel shelf retained ~ 50% of the discharged river fine-grained suspended sediment during intensively sampled events of 1995–97 and over the 20th century. In light of this, hypotheses about high rates of sediment export away from the primary shelf depocenter should be reevaluated.
Inhibition of heat shock (stress) protein induction by deuterium oxide and glycerol: additional support for the abnormal protein hypothesis of induction.

The patterns of radioactively labeled proteins from cultured chicken embryo cells stressed in the presence of either D2O or glycerol were analyzed by using one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These hyperthermic protectors blocked the induction of stress proteins during a 1-hour heat shock at 44 degrees C. The inhibitory effect of glycerol but not D2O on the induction of heat shock proteins could be overcome by increased temperature. By using transcriptional run-on assays of isolated nuclei and cDNA probes to detect hsp70- and hsp88-specific RNA transcripts, it was shown that the D2O and glycerol blocks occurred at or before transcriptional activation of the hsp70 and hsp88 genes. After heat-stressed cells were returned to 37 degrees C and the protectors were removed, heat shock proteins were inducible by a second heating. This result and the fact that the chemical stressor sodium arsenite induced stress proteins in glycerol medium indicated that the treatments did not irreversibly inhibit the induction pathways and that the stress response could be triggered even in the presence of glycerol by a stressor other than heat. In principle then, cells incurring thermal damage during a 1-hour heat shock at 44 degrees C in D2O or glycerol medium should bemore » competent to respond by inducing heat shock proteins during a subsequent recovery period at 37 degrees C in normal medium. We found that heat shock proteins were not induced in recovering cells, suggesting that glycerol and D2O protected heat-sensitive targets from thermal damage. Evidence that the heat-sensitive target(s) is likely to be a protein(s) is summarized. During heat shocks of up to 3 hours duration, neither D2O nor glycerol significantly altered hsp23 gene activity, a constitutively expressed chicken heat shock gene whose RNA transcripts and protein products are induced by stabilization (increased half-life).« less
In-Stent Stenosis: Potential Role of Increased Oxidative Stress and Glutathione-Linked Detoxification Mechanisms

This study was designed to determine whether red-cell oxidative stress status and antioxidant enzyme levels can serve as markers in patients predisposed to in-stent stenosis. Blood was collected from patient groups undergoing coronary angiography for chest pain evaluation, namely, group A (without coronary artery disease), group B (previous coronary stents without in-stent stenosis), and group C (previous coronary stents with in-stent stenosis). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (measure of lipid peroxidation), glutathione-linked detoxification enzymes, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were determined. Compared with group A, patients in group C showed increased lipid peroxidation products and glutathione-S-transferase but decreased glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities. Results in group B patients were intermediate between those of groups A and C with significant decreases in glutathione peroxidase versus controls. In-stent stenosis is associated with significant increase in lipid peroxidation and attenuated glutathione-linked detoxification enzymes, consistent with oxidative stress.
Length of sleep and length of waking interrelations in the rat

Across a 24-h period in a confined EEG recording setting, the length of successive sleep and waking episodes in the rat show no direct relationship. These data imply a limitation to a hypothesis of sleep as a simple energy restoration or storage period.
In vitro synthesis of rat pre-proalbumin.

Abstract An mRNA fraction prepared from rat liver was translated using radioactive amino acids and a cell-free protein synthesizing system derived from wheat germ. The radioactive albumin produced was isolated by immuno-precipitation with rabbit antiserum to rat serum albumin and analyzed on slab gel SDS-polyacrylamide (5–30%) gel electrophoresis. The main radioactive protein obtained migrated on electrophoresis slightly behind authentic rat serum albumin indicating a larger molecular size. Radioactive amino acid sequence analysis of the amino terminal portion of the protein indicated that the nascent protein contained an octadecapeptide extension coupled to proalbumin. The peptide extension contains methionine at its amino terminus and many hydrophobic amino acid residues.
The use of chemical shifts and their anisotropies in biomolecular structure determination

The existence of chemical shift dispersion is crucial for the application of NMR spectroscopy to biomolecules, but the direct interpretation of shift tensors in terms of structure and dynamics is often difficult. Proton shifts reflect environmental influences from nearby aromatic groups, metal sites or hydrogen-bonding partners. These effects can be reasonably modeled with empirical equations, but multiple contributions to shifts can be difficult to disentangle. Shifts for carbon and nitrogen generally reflect local bonding interactions, often in ways that allow the local structure to be inferred. The anisotropy of the shielding tensor is also of interest. It influences the resonance position in partially-ordered samples and has consequences for spin relaxation, even in isotropic systems. There has been recent progress in measuring and interpreting these anisotropies.
An algebraic approach to the planar coloring problem

We point out a general relationship between the planar coloring problem withQ colors and the Temperley-Lieb algebra with parameter $$\sqrt Q $$ . This allows us to give a complete algebraic reformulation of the four color result, and to give algebraic interpretations of various other aspects of planar colorings.
Design of a real-time AND/OR assembly scheduler on an optimization neural network

The problem of finding an AND/OR precedence-constraint assembly schedule using optimization neural computation is presented. The precedence relationships of assembly operation result from the geometric constraints of subtasks. Because of the existence of geometric constraints among assembly subtasks, the assembly operation involves AND/OR precedence relationships; that is, the order of assembly crucially determines whether the desired task can be achieved. A feasible assembly schedule is a schedule that satisfies these AND/OR precedence constraints.
CYSTIC FIBROSIS AND PREGNANCY: A National Survey

In a sruvey of 119 cystic fibrosis (CF) centres in the U.S.A. and Canada, information was obtained on 129 pregnancies in 100 patients with CF. 97 pregnancies were completed resulting in 86 viable infants, only one of whom had CF. This is close to the expected incidence and attests to the recessive nature of the transmission of CF, the commonest lethal genetic disorder of Caucasians. Shortened gestation and increased maternal and perinatal mortality were related to severe maternal pulmonary infection. Increased respiratory and cardiac work, and especially hypervolaemia, are hazards for pregnant women with CF, and when combined with advanced pulmonary disease may lead to increased perinatal complications. Maternal hypoxia and transplacental passage of antibiotics may affect the fetus; however, there were no congenital anomalies in this series in spite of frequent use of antibiotics by these mothers. Unless the clinical score is high, pregnancy should be avoided in CF patients.
Fragrance material review on linalool.

A toxicologic and dermatologic review of linalool when used as a fragrance ingredient, is presented.
A stereodynamic and redox-switchable encapsulation-complex containing a copper ion held by a tris-quinolinyl basket

We investigated the coordination of Cu(I)/Cu(II) ions to chiral basket (S3)–1. The results of both experimental and computational studies suggest the formation of a copper redox-switchable system capable of entrapping CH3CN.
The fabrication of high critical current capability bismuth superconductor tape

A processing protocol for the preparation of Ag sheathed tapes of the bismuth superconductor composition Bi 1.7 Pb 0.3 Ca 2.05 Sr 2 Cu 3.05 O z , Bi-(2223), with critical currents densities, J c , exceeding 10,000 A cm −2 at 77 K and 0 T, is presented. The protocol is based on the combined in-situ reaction and sintering of a mixture of Bi 2 CaSr 2 Cu 2 O z , Bi-(2122), with the additional constituents needed to form the Bi-(2223), within the pre-fabricated tape. The conversion to a dense Bi-(2223) ceramic core was accomplished with a series of anneals at ∼830°C, for periods of up to 100 h, separated by uniaxial cold-pressings of the tape between the anneal. The effects on J c of variations in the anneal temperature, annealing time, and the number of pressings are presented.
Using Dance Experience and Drama in the Classroom.

(1997). Using Dance Experience and Drama in the Classroom. Childhood Education: Vol. 74, No. 2, pp. 78-82.