cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Petiole Elongation in Rumex Species During Submergence and Ethylene Exposure: The Relative Contributions of Cell Division and Cell Expansion

Submergence ofRumex crispus L. andR. palustris Sm. stimulates elongation of the youngest petiole. InR. palustris this response can be mimicked partially by exposure to exogenous ethylene. In both species, petiole elongation induced by ethylene and/or submergence is distributed nearly equally over the whole petiole length and is almost completely attributable to increased cell expansion. InR. acetosa L., extension of the youngest petiole is inhibited by submergence of the whole plant. The strongest growth inhibition within the youngest petiole was observed in the most distal parts and is probably the result of reduced cell expansion.
On the distribution of passive and antipassive constructions in universal grammar

Abstract The distribution of passive and antipassive constructions in a number of language is examined. The discussion focuses on promotional passives and antipassives of the kind found in German and Dyirbal, respectively. Two accusative languages, German and Choctaw, and two ergative languages, Dyirbal and Enga, are surveyed, and Choctaw and Enga are found to lack constructions of the type found in the other two languages. It is argued that this is related to a fundamental difference in the nature of the grammatical processes in the two groups of languages, and a distinction between role-dominated and reference-dominated languages is proposed to capture this difference.
Effective sampling and distance metrics for 3D rigid body path planning

Important implementation issues in rigid body path planning are often overlooked. In particular, sampling-based motion planning algorithms typically require a distance metric defined on the configuration space, a sampling function, and a method for interpolating sampled points. The configuration space of a 3D rigid body is identified with the Lie group SE(3). Defining proper metrics, sampling, and interpolation techniques for SE(3) is not obvious, and can become a hidden source of failure for many planning algorithm implementations. This paper examines some of these issues and presents techniques which have been found to be effective experimentally for Rigid Body path planning.
Voter Turnout in Central and South America

Political participation is inextricably linked to democratic performance and legitimacy. The act of voting as a form of political participation has been studied extensively and it is commonly associated with the degree to which policy outcomes are representative of citizens’ preferences (Gimpel and Schuknecht 2003; Highton 1997; Lijphart 1997; Tollison and Willett 1973). Moreover, voting turnout has often been used as a yardstick for democratic “progress” in old and especially new democracies, including the new democracies of Latin America often characterized as “uncertain” due to their authoritarian past and present circumstances (Booth and Richard 1996). In his study of polarization and voter turnout in Nicaragua and El Salvador, Barnes (1998) argues, “voter turnout can be a meaningful indicator of progress on some dimensions of democratization.. .” since . . .the level of turnout in “foundational” elections, as opposed to routine elections in consolidated democracies, is more significant: it says something more fundamental about the status of democratization, particularly where abstention is concentrated among the poor. At stake are the original institutionalization, and the basic credibility, of the principles of mass suffrage and citizenship (ibid.: 69).’
Limitations of using membrane theory for modeling PVDF patches on inflatable structures

An underlying goal in structural modeling is to use the simplest mathematics possible that captures the physics of a problem accurately. Inflatable structures are normally fabricated from thin film...
Thin rubber sheeting in frontal sinus surgery: Animal and clinical studies†

Closure of the nasofrontal communication is the most common cause of failure of nonobliterative external of nonobliterative external frontal sinus operations for chronic sinus disease. To determine whether silicone rubber sheeting or tubing might prevent closure, we designed animal experiments and conducted a clinical study. We enlarged the nasofrontal duct in dogs, inserted silicone rubber tubing or sheeting and assessed ductal patency grossly and microscopically. The tubes prevented epithelization and failed to prevent local osteoblastic reaction, fibroplasia, and scar formation. In contrast, sheeting permitted rapid mucosal regeneration, less osteoblastic activity, and less fibrosis. Our 16 patients with chronic sinus disease underwent a modified Lynch operation, with enlargement of the nasofrontal duct and stenting with rubber tubes or sheeting. The sheeting provided the best long-term result. In our experience, it raised the success rate of the classic Lynch external operation.
Dynamic joint source-Channel coding with feedback

This paper considers real time joint source-channel coding of a Markov source over a discrete memoryless channel with noiseless feedback. The encoder incurs a cost which is minimized along with a real-time end-to-end distortion. The problem is mapped to a partially observable Markov decision problem and the corresponding optimality equations, in the form of dynamic programming equations, are derived. As a consequence of the dynamic programming formulation, basic structural properties of the optimal encoding and decoding strategies are established. In addition, the problem formulation and solution obtained for dynamic joint source-channel coding with noiseless feedback is shown to encompass a much broader class of problems including that of information acquisition and real time tracking.
An in Situ STM Investigation of Stranski - Krastanov Growth of AG on AU(111) Electrodes

We present in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) results which show the morphological aspects of Ag electrodeposition on Au (111). The experimental conditions enabled us to follow, in real time, with monolayer resolution, the morphological details of Stranski-Krastanov (SK) growth under a fixed electrochemical potential (constant supersaturation). Two epitaxial layers of Ag were sequentially formed prior to the heterogeneous nucleation of three-dimensional Ag crystallites. STM images are presented showing that the second silver monolayer has a coarsened (surface) diffusion-limited-aggregation growth front. Immediately after the completion of the second silver monolayer which took approximately five minutes, we observed the formation of 3D clusters preferentially at step edges. Our analysis of the SK growth process indicates that it is not well described by heterogeneous-nucleation thermodynamics owing to the almost identical lattice parameters of Ag and Au. Instead, we argue that the wetting-nonwetting transition we observed was kinetically stabilized by the relatively high activation energy involved with the motion of Ag adatoms over a descending Ag step.
Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced NF-κB activation by tea polyphenols, (–)-epigallocatechin gallate and theaflavins

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and theaflavins are believed to be the key active components in tea for the chemoprevention of cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms by which EGCG and theaflavins block carcinogenesis are not clear. In the JB6 mouse epidermal cell line a tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), which causes cell transformation at high frequency, markedly induced NF-kappaB activation. We found that EGCG and theaflavins inhibited TPA-induced NF-kappaB activity in a concentration-dependent manner. These polyphenols blocked TPA-induced phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha at Ser32 in the same concentration range. Moreover, the NF-kappaB sequence-specific DNA-binding activity induced by TPA was also inhibited by these polyphenols. These results suggest that inhibition of NF-kappaB activation is also important in accounting for the anti-tumor promotion effects of EGCG and theaflavins.
Global Futures: A Multithreaded Execution Model for Global Arrays-based Applications

We present Global Futures (GF), an execution model extension to Global Arrays, which is based on a PGAS-compatible active message-based paradigm. We describe the design and implementation of Global Futures and illustrate its use in a computational chemistry application benchmark (Hartree-Fock matrix construction using the Self-Consistent Field method). Our results show how we used GF to increase the scalability of the Hartree-Fock matrix build to 6,144 cores of an Infiniband cluster. We also show how GF's multithreaded execution has comparable performance to the traditional process-based SPMD model.
Julius Caesar and Basic Law V

s are in one-one correspondence –as an explanation of the notion of cardinal number and, therefore, as the most fundamentalprinciple of arithmetic. But similar problems arise with respect to the infamous Basic Law V.The present paper investigates Frege’s many discussions of the Caesar problem, to which hereturns at several points throughout his career. I suggest that the crucial difference between HPand Basic Law V is, in the end, dialectical, not substantive.1. OpeningMuch of Frege’s philosophical and mathematical work is devoted to an attemptto show that, given appropriate deﬁnitions, all theorems of arithmetic can beproven from logical laws alone. In his Grundgesetze der Arithmetik,
Up and Down-Regulation of Phosphodiesterase-5 as Related to Tachyphylaxis and Priapism

ABSTRACTPurpose: We identify whether tachyphylaxis and priapism effects of sildenafil are related to regulation of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) expression.Materials and Methods: Cavernous smooth muscle cells (CSMCs) were isolated from young rats and treated with 0, 1, 10 and 25 μM sildenafil with or without 100 μM of sodium nitroprusside for 3 and 7 days. The cells were subjected to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis for PDE-5 expression. Plasmid constructs carrying PDE-5A1 and PDE-5A2 promoters were transfected into COS-7 cells, treated with 25 μM sildenafil and analyzed for promoter activities. To simulate priapism, CSMCs were cultured under anoxia or hypoxia and then analyzed for PDE-5 expression. Furthermore, rats underwent bilateral pudendal arterial ligation for 1 day to 14 weeks, and corpus cavernous tissues were subjected to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis for PDE-5 expression.Results: Up-regulation of PDE-5 was noted in CSMCs treated ...
Becoming Entrepreneurs Intersections of Race, Class, and Gender at the Black Beauty Salon

This study applies the concept of intersectionality to Black women's entrepreneurial activity. Specifically, the author addresses the ways in which race, gender, and class intersect to inform working-class Black women's decisions and experiences as hair salon owners. By placing Black women at the center of analysis, the author explores business ownership from the perspective of a group that has frequently been overlooked in sociology of entrepreneurship research. The findings indicate that race, gender, and class inequalities shape working-class Black women's entrepreneurship in two areas: the process of becoming entrepreneurs and relationships with stylists.
Computing scanning characteristics for large phased arrays using DDMs

A technique for the approximation of the scanning characteristics of 1D phased arrays is proposed. The proposed technique with only three application of the DDM and a shifting operation can predict accurately the scanning characteristics of a 1D linear phased array.
SOME ERYTHRONEURA (GRAPE LEAF HOPPERS) OF THE MACULATA GROUP. (HOMOPTERA CICADELLIDAE)

General ground color yellowish white to semihyaline, markings red or orange. Vertex with semblance of three white spots more or less surrounded with red or orange bands. Pronotum with rather short triangular median spot, not touching either margin. Usual angular spot back of each eye. Scutellum with tip red, basal angles yellow outlined on two sides with red. Clavi with usual basal anchor-shaped mark and angular mark before tip. Coria with spot on costa midway between costal plaque and humeral angle, angulate vitta at anterior end of plaque, rectangular spot opposite middle of plaque, two spots at posterior end and blotch before base of cell M 4 . Cross-veins red. Black spot in base of cell M 4 . Tips of tegmen more or less dusky. Venter stramineous more or less tinged with pink.
An emerging role for bromodomain-containing proteins in chromatin regulation and transcriptional control of adipogenesis

Transcriptional co-activators, co-repressors and chromatin remodeling machines are essential elements in the transcriptional programs directed by the master adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ. Many of these components have orthologs in other organisms, where they play roles in development and pattern formation, suggesting new links between cell fate decision-making and adipogenesis. This review focuses on bromodomain-containing protein complexes recently shown to play a critical role in adipogenesis. Deeper understanding of these pathways is likely to have major impact on treatment of obesity-associated diseases, including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes. The research effort is urgent because the obesity epidemic is serious; the medical community is ill prepared to cope with the anticipated excess morbidity and mortality associated with diet-induced obesity.
The intersection of relational autonomy and narrative ethics for the patient unwilling to disclose genetic diagnosis information

The rare case of the patient unwilling to disclose genetic data to his or her family provides an opportunity to expand the atomistic conception of the autonomous individual in medical decision-making. Medical practitioners naturally avoid violating patient autonomy and privacy. However, unwilling disclosure can damage the health of people other than the patient. In this situation, professionals must weigh the principle of autonomy against the nature of relationships, duties, and confidentialities between patient, professional, and family. The paradigm case studied is that of a patient with a potentially dangerous heart condition, Long QT Syndrome 3. Patients with Long QT 3 are at high risk for dying of ventricular tachycardia during rest, especially from ages 40–60. Once familial genetic testing was completed, the proband's mother, who was positive for the mutation, chose not to inform her estranged sister of the diagnosis. This paper examines the ethical duties of the physician to inform a patient's extended family of a serious genetic diagnosis, with a focus on the emotional and psychological effects of genetic testing. The need to adapt the process of violating confidentiality around considerations for the patient's emotional state and narrative will be addressed. This approach considers the patient’s narrative, standpoint, and relationships as a way to develop a support plan and will present a guideline for cases where the probability of significant harm to others supersedes the patient’s preference of non-disclosure as well as the physician’s respect of confidentiality. The paper seeks to expand the conversation on genetic testing and autonomy beyond principles by considering all parties involved and emphasizes the use of the varied resources available to medical practitioners, especially to provide the best help possible without overburdening physicians with duties.
Radiative transport in an optically thick planar medium

Abstract : The problem of radiative transport of thermal energy between parallel, black, diffusely-emitting walls is solved by the method of matched asymptotic expansions when the intervening grey gas is optically thick. There is a thin thermal layer adjacent to each wall in which the Rosseland diffusion approximation is invalid. It is shown that this layer is closely connected to the restricted Milne problem of astrophysics, and that the layer disappears if the Milne-Eddington (or any equivalent) approximation is made. A simple, uniformly valid solution for temperature, temperature slip at the walls, and heat flux is given for the optically thick limit. (Author)
Glycopyrrolate for Chronic Drooling in Children

Abstract Background Sialorrhea, or drooling, is seen in the pediatric population, especially in patients with cerebral palsy and other neurodevelopmental disabilities. If medication use is warranted, anticholinergic agents are the drug of choice; however, adverse effects limit their use. Glycopyrrolate, a synthetic anticholinergic that acts at peripheral muscarinic receptors, has been used off-label for excessive drooling in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities for years. Product formulations restricted the use of glycopyrrolate. However, an oral solution was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for children ages 3 to 16 years with neurologic disorders for chronic severe drooling in 2010; it became available for use in 2011. Objective This article provides an overview of the pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and tolerability of glycopyrrolate when used for sialorrhea in children. Methods To evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of glycopyrrolate for the treatment of sialorrhea in children, a comprehensive search was performed of the MEDLINE database (1966–February 25, 2012) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts as well as references from additional review articles identified. Searches were conducted using the terms glycopyrrolate, sialorrhea, drooling, secretion, and pediatrics . The terms drug-induced and Parkinson disease–associated sialorrhea were excluded from the search. The pharmaceutical manufacturer of the oral solution was contacted for medical and study information. Results Oral bioavailability of glycopyrrolate varies widely, with a median of 3.3%. Mean C max in children was determined to be 0.37 μg/mL, and mean T max was 3.1 hours. The clearance in children ranges from 0.6 to 1.43 L/kg/h. The t ½ ranges from 22 to 130 minutes and 19 to 99 minutes in infants and children, respectively. Six studies describing the use of glycopyrrolate for drooling in children were identified. A double-blind, crossover trial of 27 patients (age range, 4–19 years) demonstrated a reduced mean drooling score (modified Teacher's Drooling Scale [1 = never drools to 9=clothing, hands, and objects frequently become wet]) for glycopyrrolate (mean highest tolerated dose, 0.11 mg/kg) compared with placebo of 1.85 versus 6.33 ( P Conclusions Glycopyrrolate is effective in decreasing sialorrhea in children with cerebral palsy or other neurodevelopmental disabilities. Adverse effects did occur, more frequently at higher doses, and should be monitored.
Are Asian and Pacific Islander Children Overlooked for Health Risks

As the number of Asian and Pacific Islander (API) American children increases, emerging health disparities become evident, indicating several contributing factors with powerful implications for environmental risk assessment. Differential environmental exposures and social, economic, and cultural influences contribute to the vulnerability observed in these groups. This article presents an overview of the major environmental constraints faced by the API community and proposes a research agenda and protocol for translational research sensitive to this population. As health inequities are increasingly recognized among APIs, there is an urgent need for the government and the scientific research community to better coordinate health research, data collection, and epidemiological studies on this macroethnic group in order to develop more culturally informed pediatric environmental risk assessments.
Random walks on graphs and Monte Carlo methods

Abstract This paper relates the study of random walks on graphs and directed graphs to random walks that arise in Monte Carlo methods applied to optimization problems. Previous results on simple graphs are surveyed and new results on the mixing times for Markov chains are derived.
Buffett Buffeted but Triumphant: Review of Warren Buffett's Actions and Reactions Beginning with the Financial Crisis of 2008-09

Warren Buffett’s major stock investments from 2008 through 2013 are reviewed, accompanied by depictions of some of the public positions he adopted, including the Buffett Rule, which calls for a minimum tax on high incomes. During the illiquidity and credit crisis of 2008-09, he invested about $24 billion in selected companies with strong fundamentals, receiving lucrative returns reflecting the high risk, particularly in the financial sector.Berkshire Hathaway, Buffett’s conglomerate holding company, exhibited the best risk-adjusted stock return since 1976. Three attributes seem to underlie Buffett’s superior returns: (1) selection of low-beta (i.e., low-risk), high-quality companies, especially when they appear to be undervalued; coupled with (2) use of low-cost leverage (Franzzini, Kabiller and Pedersen, 2013). A third identifiable trait is Buffett’s unique skill in negotiating highly-favorable terms for these acquisitions (Davidoff, 2013a). His stock selection proficiency is enhanced by an exquisite sense of timing, often acquiring companies when relatively cheap or issuing high-return loans to firms temporarily encountering illiquidity.
Molecular architecture influences the thermally induced aggregation behavior of elastin-like polypeptides.

Elastin-like polypeptides are thermally responsive polymers that exhibit phase separation above a transition temperature. The effect of molecular architecture on the temperature responsive behavior...
Genital Capsules, Trichobothria, and Host Plants of the Podopinae (Pentatomidae)

The classification and status of the two tribes in the Podopinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are confused. This study confirms that the Podopini and Graphosomatini are closer to each other than either is to any other pentatomoid group. The Podopinae itself is most closely related to the Pentatominae, and more distantly related (perhaps) to a group of primitive pentatomoid families which includes the Cydnidae.
Binary summation

In discussing his binary summation method [1] Linz mentions two defects: “It is more difficult to program than the standard method, and it is difficult to use unless all numbers are available at the start of the summation.” A defect not mentioned is the extra storage space (approximately N words) required for the Sij. The last two of these three defects can be removed by proper combination of partial sums. In the adjacent PL/I program, the only storage needed is for the M-component vector T, where M g [log2N]. N must be even, and B is a number not expressible as a sum of A(I)'s, e.g. B = -1 if A(I) ≥ 0, or B = 1E + 75 for reasonably sized A(I).
Effects of reinforcement on test-enhanced learning in a large, diverse introductory college psychology course

A robust finding within laboratory research is that structuring information as a test confers benefit on long-term retention-referred to as the testing effect. Although well characterized in laboratory environments, the testing effect has been explored infrequently within ecologically valid contexts. We conducted a series of 3 experiments within a very large introductory college-level course. Experiment 1 examined the impact of required versus optional frequent low-stakes testing (quizzes) on student grades, revealing students were much more likely to take advantage of quizzing if it was a required course component. Experiment 2 implemented a method of evaluating pedagogical intervention within a single course (thereby controlling for instructor bias and student self-selection), which revealed a testing effect. Experiment 3 ruled out additional exposure to information as an explanation for the findings of Experiment 2 and suggested that students at the college level, enrolled in very large sections, accept frequent quizzing well. (PsycINFO Database Record
Chronic treatment of (+)-methamphetamine-induced locomotor effects in rats using one or a combination of two high affinity anti-methamphetamine monoclonal antibodies

We hypothesized that treatment of methamphetamine (METH) effects with a mixture of 2 high affinity anti-METH monoclonal antibodies (mAb) with differing molecular recognition for METH-like structures could increase efficacy compared to treatment with a single mAb. The antibodies studied were mAb7F9 (METH and amphetamine [AMP] KD = 7.7 and 270 nM) and mAb4G9 (16 nM and 110 nM, respectively) in a 50:50 mixture. Adult male Sprague Dawley Rats were treated with iv saline or a loading dose of mAb7F9-mAb4G9 (141 mg/kg of each mAb) followed by 2 weekly doses (70.5 mg/kg total) on days 7 and 14. METH challenge doses (0.56 mg/kg) were administered 4 hrs and 3 days after each mAb7F9-mAb4G9 treatment, and 7 days after the final treatment (day 21). Locomotor activity (0-4 hrs) and serum METH and AMP concentrations (at 5 hrs) were measured after each METH challenge. MAb7F9-mAb4G9 treatment significantly reduced the duration of locomotor activity after 6 of the 7 METH doses (P < 0.05) and significantly increased serum METH and AMP concentrations. Administering three-fold higher METH doses (1.68 mg/kg) on days 24 and 28 showed mAb7F9-mAb4G9 treatment had negligible effects on the duration of METH-induced locomotor activity. These data were then compared to previous monotherapy data. While mAb7F9-mAb4G9 therapy inhibited the effects of multiple METH challenge doses, the inhibition was not as profound or as long lasting as the effects of mAb7F9 treatment alone. These data demonstrate the importance of both mAb affinity and specificity in the production of effective, long-lasting anti-METH mAb therapies.
Prevalence of hypertension and related factors among adult residents in Mentougou District,Beijing

Objective To know prevalence of hypertension and its related factors among adult residents in Mentougou District of Beijing to provide scientific evidence for formulating prevention and control plans.Methods In total,317 local residents aged over 18 and living locally for more than six months were interviewed with a structured questionnaire and physically checked-up by multistage cluster sampling form one residential community and two functional communities in Mentougou District,Beijing.Results Prevalence of hypertension was 29.0 percent in general,higher in men than that in women aged 18 to 44 years(χ2=5.087,P=0.024),and higher in women than that in men aged over 60 years(χ2=6.617,P=0.010).Age,high body mass index,hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia all were risk factors,and physical exercise was protective factor for hypertension by logistic regression analysis.Conclusion Prevalence of hypertension was higher in Mengtougou District,and prevention should be focused on young and middle-aged men.Awareness of hypertension was over 60 percent,but with poor control.Prevalence of risk factors for hypertension was higher,so it is necessary to adopt comprehensive measures in its prevention and control work.
Effects of benzoyl peroxide on lipogenesis in sebaceous glands using an animal model.

Antecedents : Le peroxyde de benzoyle est l'agent topique le plus utilise contre l'acne depuis les annees 60. Combine a des antibiotiques oraux ou topiques, il reduit la multiplication des souches de Propionibacteria acnes resistantes aux antibiotiques. Cette substance chimique antibacterienne fonctionne en outre comme agent exfoliant, a une action comedolytique, reduit la quantite d'acides gras libres et serait sebosuppressive. Objectifs : Determiner la capacite du peroxyde de benzoyle en application topique d'empecher la lipogenese des glandes sebacees. Methodes : Recours a un modele animal des glandes sebacees humaines, soit la peau des flancs de hamsters syriens femelles. Resultats : L'application topique du peroxyde de benzoyle ne semble pas avoir empeche la lipogenese des glandes sebacees. Conclusions : Malgre de nombreuses fonctions propices au traitement de l'acne, le peroxyde de benzoyle n'a pas d'action sebosuppressive. L'avenement de peroxydes organiques hydrosolubles montrant une activite antimicrobienne semblable a celle du peroxyde de benzoyle appelle l'evaluation de tous les parametres therapeutiques (a l'exception de la sebo-suppression) pour jauger les avantages de ces peroxydes de deuxieme generation dans le traitement de l'acne.
The impact of resilience on role stressors and burnout in elementary and secondary teachers

The role of a teacher is becoming increasingly complex, and it is more important than ever that teachers develop resilience to overcome stress and burnout. A conceptual framework to explain the ability of resilience to decrease role stress and burnout was developed and tested. Participants included 415 teachers (174 elementary, 241 secondary) who taught in three adjacent school districts in the Midwest of the United States. Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey that included measures of resilience, role stressors, and burnout. Structural equation modeling was used to test the conceptual framework, and invariance analysis examined the equivalence of relationships across elementary and secondary teacher groups. Results generally supported the conceptual framework, and commonly experienced pathways were found to be invariant across groups. This study emphasizes the importance of resilience in helping to reduce perceived teacher stress and feelings of burnout.
Co-Design of Communicating Systems

Previous work on system level synthesis has focused mainly on fine-grain hardware/software partitioning. Examples include VULCAN II [GM92] and COSYMA [EHB93]. These programs automatically partition the input specification into basic blocks (or fine-grain operations) and move the basic blocks to hardware or software components while satisfying the given constraints. The resulting fine-grain partitioning may, however, move logically coherent blocks across different parts or put logically unrelated blocks in the same part. In addition, the resulting partitioning creates an implementation which is very different from the initial specification, and hence, is not convenient for human designers to debug and/or improve upon.
The Interchanging Development of Sexuality: Laumann's Theory in LGBTQ Texts

Same-sex relations, despite their presence throughout history, have for the most part been misunderstood and are only recently beginning to be accepted. Even as these ideas have been explored dramatically, LGBTQ theatre that discusses such topics openly is still a largely new phenomenon. Nevertheless through analyzing these texts as they have developed throughout the centuries, their importance in contemporary repertoire is much more easily realized. Historically, views on how homosexuality manifested itself within the individual changed drastically. As new concepts and theories were introduced into society, these manifestations were understood differently both collectively and independently. Still, past views often lingered, muddling ideas on same-sex expression and its true countenance. In applying Edward Laumman’s sexual theory to LGBTQ texts of different historical periods, the validity of the modern theory and its view on same-sex expression can more easily be recognized. In doing this, the complexity of sexual expression can be seen. Furthermore, it helps to not only explain society’s views on homosexuality, but explains the individual’s unique experience. Then in continuing to explore these ideas artistically, society can likewise continue to grow in such understanding.
Striatal dopamine D1 receptor suppression impairs reward-associative learning.

Abstract Dopamine (DA) is required for reinforcement learning. Hence, disruptions in DA signaling may contribute to the learning deficits associated with psychiatric disorders. The DA D1 receptor (D1R) has been linked to learning and is a target for cognitive/motivational enhancement in patients with schizophrenia. Separating the striatal D1R contribution to learning vs. motivation, however, has been challenging. We suppressed striatal D1R expression in mice using a D1R-targeting short hairpin RNA (shRNA), delivered locally to the striatum via an adeno-associated virus (AAV). We then assessed reward- and punishment-associative learning using a probabilistic learning task and motivation using a progressive-ratio breakpoint procedure. We confirmed suppression of striatal D1Rs immunohistochemically and by testing locomotor activity after the administration of (+)-doxanthrine, a full D1R agonist, in control mice and those treated with the D1RshRNA. D1RshRNA-treated mice exhibited impaired reward-associative learning, while punishment-associative learning was spared. This deficit was unrelated to general learning impairments or amotivation, because the D1shRNA-treated mice exhibited normal Barnes maze learning and normal motivation in the progressive-ratio breakpoint procedure. Suppression of striatal D1Rs selectively impaired reward-associative learning whereas punishment-associative learning, aversion-motivated learning, and appetitive motivation were spared. Because patients with schizophrenia exhibit similar reward-associative learning deficits, D1R-targeted treatments should be investigated to improve reward learning in these patients.
Imaging Dynamic Collision and Oxidation of Single Silver Nanoparticles at the Electrode/Solution Interface

The electrochemical interface is an ultrathin interfacial region between the electrode surface and the electrolyte solution and is often characterized by numerous dynamic processes, such as solvation and desolvation, heterogeneous electron transfer, molecular adsorption and desorption, diffusion, and surface rearrangement. Many of these processes are driven and modulated by the presence of a large interfacial potential gradient. The study and better understanding of the electrochemical interface is important for designing better electrochemical systems where their applications may include batteries, fuel cells, electrocatalytic water splitting, corrosion protection, and electroplating. This, however, has proved to be a challenging analytical task due to the ultracompact and dynamic evolving nature of the electrochemical interface. Here, we describe the use of an electrochemical nanocell to image the dynamic collision and oxidation process of single silver nanoparticles at the surface of a platinum nanoele...
Robust and Efficient Spin Purification for Determinantal Configuration Interaction.

The limited precision of floating point arithmetic can lead to the qualitative and even catastrophic failure of quantum chemical algorithms, especially when high accuracy solutions are sought. For example, numerical errors accumulated while solving for determinantal configuration interaction wave functions via Davidson diagonalization may lead to spin contamination in the trial subspace. This spin contamination may cause the procedure to converge to roots with undesired ⟨Ŝ2⟩, wasting computer time in the best case and leading to incorrect conclusions in the worst. In hopes of finding a suitable remedy, we investigate five purification schemes for ensuring that the eigenvectors have the desired ⟨Ŝ2⟩. These schemes are based on projection, penalty, and iterative approaches. All of these schemes rely on a direct, graphics processing unit-accelerated algorithm for calculating the S2c matrix-vector product. We assess the computational cost and convergence behavior of these methods by application to several ben...
12.15 Fire as a Geomorphic Agent

Intense heat produced by fire and the burning of vegetation can significantly alter geomorphic features and processes. The effects of fire on geomorphology include increased erosion, runoff, and weathering rates, and changes to soil properties and hydrologic processes. Fire severity and extent commonly determine fire's influence on geomorphology. Widespread, high-severity fires may alter sediment loads, erosion rates, and streamflow for an entire drainage basin; however, small, low-intensity fires may not produce any noticeable geomorphic changes. Location and environmental conditions also exert strong influence on the degree of fire's effects. Vegetation type and density, topographic features, and soil conditions may buffer, enhance, or influence the pattern of geomorphic disturbance. Many geomorphic alterations are a result of loss of vegetation, and the duration of the changes to geomorphic processes is generally related to the re-establishment of vegetation. Inversely, damage to geomorphology may influence vegetation regrowth rates, pattern, and composition. The effects of fire on geomorphology are well addressed in the literature, particularly for fire-prone regions and for common and highly visible geomorphic changes. This chapter provides an overview and a synthesis of major topics of fire–geomorphology interactions as they are presented in the literature. Topics addressed include soil hydrophobicity, infiltration, mineralization, and nutrients; surface erosion and mass movements; weathering; runoff, streamflow, and morphology; prehistorical fire and geomorphology; and topographic influence on fire behavior.
Innate T Cells Govern Adipose Tissue Biology

During the past 25 y, the immune system has appeared as a key regulator of adipose tissue biology and metabolic homeostasis. In lean animals, adipose-resident leukocytes maintain an anti-inflammatory microenvironment that preserves the proper functioning of the tissue. In this review, we describe two populations of innate T cells enriched in adipose tissue, invariant NKT and γδ T cells, and how they serve overlapping and nonredundant roles in controlling adipose tissue functions. These cells interact with and expand anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells and M2 macrophages, thereby driving a metabolically beneficial tissue milieu. Surprisingly, we have found that adipose invariant NKT and γδ T cells also promote weight loss and heat production in a process called "nonshivering thermogenesis." The data surrounding these two cell types highlight their powerful ability to regulate not only other leukocytes, but also tissue-wide processes that affect an entire organism.
Self-report of self-disclosure statements for stuttering.

Abstract Purpose To (1) analyze verbatim wording used by adults who stutter (AWS) to self-disclose stuttering, (2) determine contexts in which AWS may self-disclose, (3) examine the use of self-disclosure by AWS about other aspects of their identity, and (4) investigate the ways in which speech-language pathologists (SLPs) develop self-disclosure statements with AWS. Method Web-based questionnaires were administered to AWS (N = 42) and SLPs (N = 33) who work with AWS. The AWS questionnaire asked about the verbatim wording of self-disclosure statements used by AWS and the contexts in which they utilize them. For SLPs, the questionnaire probed how and why they work with AWS to formulate self-disclosure statements. Responses were openly coded and then funneled into concepts for analysis. Results The majority of AWS provided verbatim self-disclosure statements which were educational in nature. However, when responding to fixed choices and when reporting on self-disclosing other aspects of their lives, the majority of participants selected a direct statement. The majority of AWS reported that they self-disclose when interviewing for a job. SLPs reportedly instruct their clients to use educational self-disclosure statements. SLPs also reported that they use an individualized approach to brainstorming self-disclosure statements. Finally, SLPs reported that they find self-disclosure beneficial because it facilitates self-empowerment for AWS. Conclusion AWS may benefit from learning about the type of self-disclosure statements and the contexts in which other AWS chose to disclose. Additionally, SLPs who work with AWS may benefit from the reported procedures for and types of self-disclosure statements formulated by AWS.
Novel and emerging innate immune therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer, mainly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), is currently the third-leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and has a dismal prognosis, which is partially du...
When to obtain genomic data in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and which mutations matter

Mutational profiling has fundamentally changed our approach to patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients with AML are routinely profiled for the presence of mutations in FLT3, NPM1, CEBPA, and, more recently, TP53 In this chapter, we review the role of mutational profiling to help define disease biology in AML, particularly among patients with putatively intermediate-risk disease. We describe the body of evidence supporting the utility of mutational profiling when performed at the time of diagnosis (to identify prognostic and targetable mutations), at the time of complete remission (to assess minimal residual disease as a marker for relapse), and at the time of relapse (to identify therapeutic targets and eligibility for clinical trials). We further identify particular mutations that have been shown to affect prognosis across the established European LeukemiaNet risk categories and discuss which mutational events might be used to alter the approach to patient care at various time points during the disease course. We also review the evidence in support of molecular profiling for assessment of minimal/measurable residual disease and describe the current landscape of studies designed to validate this approach.
Positional Games

This paper is partly an overview of the subject (Sections 1–4), and partly a research paper containing proofs for new results (Sections 5–7).
Type 2 Diabetes and Lifestyle Medicine

Diabetes lifestyle self-management is a 24/7, lifelong effort that takes place in homes, families, neighborhoods, workplaces, clinics, and organizations in the community. From an ecological perspective, patients are not isolated but part of a complex, multilayered system where barriers in each layer and their interaction may hinder effective lifestyle management. As such, responsibility for effective lifestyle management is shared among patients, families, providers, communities, and healthcare systems and payers. This chapter discusses barriers to lifestyle management that can be encountered at each of these levels and proposes strategies that can be used to address these barriers and promote effective patient self-management.
Commutation Strategy of Reconfigurable Grid-Connected Inverter to Improve Power Quality

A reconfigurable grid-connected inverter, called shunt-series-switched multi-functional grid-connected inverter (SSS-MFGCI), can be connected to the grid in shunt or series according to the different power quality problems and grid conditions. It is a key technology of SSS-MFGCI to make a smooth transition from shunt to series or vice versa by commutating bidirectional switches. These bidirectional switches operating in four-quadrant should be conducting in both current polarities and blocking both voltage polarities. Therefore, this paper proposes a proper commutation method of bidirectional switches of SSS-MFGCI. Switch realization and commutation strategies of bidirectional switches are presented. Simulated results are presented using MATLAB/Simulink to prove the concept of a proposed commutation strategy.
Highly Extensible Modular System for Online Monitoring of the Atlas Experiment

The unprecedented size and complexity of the ATLAS experiment required adoption of a new approach for online monitoring system development as many requirements for this system were not known in advance due to the innovative nature of the project. The ATLAS online monitoring facility has been designed as a modular system consisting of a number of independent components, which can interact with one another via a set of well-defined interfaces. The system has been developed using open source software and is based on the two in-house developed highly scalable distributed services for message passing and information exchange, which can deal with information of arbitrary types. The other monitoring components use these services to implement high-level facilities, such as Monitoring Data Archiving and Data Quality Assessment, as well as end user interfaces like the Data Quality and Online Histogramming displays. This proceedings describes the online monitoring system design and evolution showing how the chosen approach allowed the system to be gradually extended by adding more high level tools and frameworks as requirements evolved.
Efficacy and toxicity of reduced vs. standard dose pegylated asparaginase in adults with Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Incorporation of asparaginase (ASNase) and pegylated asparaginase (PEG-ASP) into pediatric-inspired regimens for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has led to improved treatment outcome...
Root uptake under mismatched distributions of water and nutrients in the root zone

Abstract. Most plants derive their water and nutrient needs from soils where the resources are often scarce, patchy, and ephemeral. It is not uncommon for plant roots to encounter mismatched patches of water-rich and nutrient-rich regions in natural environments. Such an uneven distribution of resources necessitates plant reliance on strategies for exploring and acquiring nutrients from relatively dry patches. We conducted a laboratory study that elucidates the biophysical mechanisms that enable this adaptation. The roots of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings were laterally split and grown in two adjacent, hydraulically disconnected pots, which permitted precise control of water and nutrient applications to each compartment. We observed that the physical separation of water-rich and nutrient-rich compartments (one received 90 % water and 0 % nutrients and the other received 10 % water and 100 % nutrients) does not significantly stunt plant growth and productivity compared to two control treatments (control 1: 90 % water and 100 % nutrients versus 10 % water and 0 % nutrients; control 2: 50 % water and 50 % nutrients in each compartment). Specifically, we showed that soil dryness does not reduce nutrient uptake, vegetative growth, flowering, and fruiting compared to control treatments. We identified localized root proliferation in nutrient-rich dry soil patches as a critical strategy that enabled nutrient capture. We observed nocturnal rewetting of the nutrient-rich but dry soil zone (10 % water and 100 % nutrients) but not in the nutrient-free and dry zone of the control experiment (90 % water and 100 % nutrients). We interpreted the rewetting as the transfer of water from the wet to dry zones through roots, a process commonly known as hydraulic redistribution (HR). The occurrence of HR likely prevents the nutrient-rich soil from drying due to permanent wilting and the subsequent decline of root functions. Sustaining rhizosphere wetness is also likely to increase nutrient mobility and uptake. Lack of HR in the absence of nutrients suggests that HR is not entirely a passive, water-potential-gradient driven flow. The density and size of root hairs appeared to be higher (qualitative observation) in the nutrient-rich and dry compartments than in the nutrient-free and dry compartments. We also observed organic coating on sand grains in the rhizosphere of the nutrient-rich and dry compartments. The observations are consistent with prior observations that root hairs and rhizodeposition aid rhizosphere wetting. These findings were synthesized in a conceptual model that explains how plants of dry regions may be adapted to mismatched resources. This study also suggests that separating the bulk of applied nutrients from the frequently irrigated soil region can increase nutrient use efficiency and curtail water pollution from intensive agricultural systems.