cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Federal Trade Commission Privacy Law and Policy (Introduction and Excerpt)

Federal Trade Commission Privacy Law and Policy is an in-depth history of the FTC’s 100-year-long consumer protection efforts. It explains how decades of false advertising enforcement informs today’s privacy efforts. It contains practical advice for lawyers practicing before the agency, strategy for advocates, and insight for policymakers on the challenge of addressing unfair and deceptive trade practices. Most importantly, the book provides context for the agency’s powers and procedure.The FTC’s regulation of technology and privacy is not new. The FTC’s first reported case concerned a company that treated cotton so that it could be passed off as silk. Its first privacy case dealt with an early kind of information broker that tricked people into revealing personal information so that debt collectors could locate them. Reviewing the history of these cases and the rationales that gave rise to the FTC helps us understand broader policy problems in consumer protection.
Trois Portunidae (Crustacea ; Decapoda ; Brachyura) nouveaux de Polynesie francaise

Deux especes et une sous-espece nouvelles de Portunidae sont decrites de Polynesie francaise. Brusinia piriformis n. sp. (Carcininae) n'est connue que par un seul specimen, femelle malheureusement; l'espece se caracterise, en particulier, par les bords anterolateraux de sa carapace decoupes en quatre dents dont la premiere est plus petite que la seconde. Laleonectes stridens n. sp. (Portuninae) a ete recoltee en 15 exemplaires, ce qui permet d'en donner une description complete; l'espece est tres proche de Laleonectes nipponensis (Sakai, 1938) mais s'en distingue par son premier pleopode mâle massif et par la granulation dense et fine de sa carapace. La sous-espece nouvelle, Thalamita cerasma rectifions n. ssp., se rattache a Thalamita cerasma Wee & Ng, 1995; tres proche, elle s'en distingue par son front plus droit et a lobes lateraux moins separes des autres lobes et la taille plus petite de la quatrieme dent des bords anterolateraux de la carapace; ce taxon est decrit au niveau de la sous-espece car actuellement les variations intraspecifiques de T. cerasma, uniquement connue par l'holotype, sont ignorees. Une cle d'identification des especes du genre Brusinia Stevcic, 1991, est proposee.
Mediators of alkalosis-induced relaxation in pulmonary arteries from normoxic and chronically hypoxic piglets

Alkalosis-induced relaxation was measured in precontracted arterial rings from 1-wk-old piglets exposed to normoxia or to 3 days of chronic hypoxia. In normoxic piglet arteries, alkalosis-induced r...
PREDICTORS OF LONG-TERM CLINICAL OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH MILD DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION ON ECHO

Uncertainty continues regarding factors that predict adverse clinical outcomes in asymptomatic patients with mild (Grade I) diastolic dysfunction (MDD) as impaired relaxation on echo. We identified 535 consecutive asymptomatic MDD patients (by ASE criteria) in 2010 and followed them through August
A novel cutoff for the waist-to-height ratio predicting metabolic syndrome in young American adults

Recent studies have shown the enhanced diagnostic capability of the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) over BMI. However, while a structured cutoff hierarchy has been established for BMI, a rigorous analysis to define individuals as obese using the WHtR has not been performed on a sample of American adults. This study attempts to establish a cutoff for the WHtR using metabolic syndrome as the outcome. The study sample consisted of individuals that were part of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). The final sample for analysis consisted of 7 935 participants (3 469 males, 4 466 females) that were complete respondents for the variables of interest at Wave IV. The participants ranged from 24.55-33.60 years. Weighted and unweighted receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analyses were performed predicting metabolic syndrome from the WHtR. Cutoffs were chosen using the Youden index. The derived cutoffs were validated by logistic regression analysis on the Add Health participants and an external sample of 1 236 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The ROC analysis resulted in a WHtR cutoff of 0.578 (Youden Index = 0.50) for the full sample of complete respondents, 0.578 (Youden Index = 0.55) for males only, and 0.580 (Youden Index = 0.50) for females only. The area under the curve was 0.798 (95 % CI (0.788, 0.809)) for the full sample of complete respondents, 0.833 (95 % CI (0.818, 0.848)) for males only, and 0.804 (95 % CI (0.791, 0.818)) for females only. Participants in the validation sample with a WHtR greater than the derived cutoff were more likely (Odds Ratio = 9.8, 95 % CI (6.2, 15.3)) to have metabolic syndrome than those that were not. A WHtR cutoff of 0.580 is optimal for discriminating individuals with metabolic syndrome in two nationally representative samples of young adults. This cutoff is an improvement over a previously recommended cutoff of 0.5 as well as other cutoffs derived from international samples.
Insulin-mediated inhibition of apolipoprotein B secretion requires an intracellular trafficking event and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation: studies with brefeldin A and wortmannin in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes

Insulin inhibition of the secretion of apolipoprotein B (apo B) was studied in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes by using brefeldin A (BFA), an inhibitor of protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus, and by using the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) inhibitor wortmannin. Incubation of hepatocytes with BFA (10 micrograms/ml) for 1 h inhibited the subsequent secretion of apo B, albumin and transferrin for up to 3 h. BFA treatment resulted in the time-dependent accumulation in cells of [14C]leucine-labelled proteins and apo B. Under conditions where insulin decreased total apo B (cell plus secreted), BFA blocked the insulin-dependent effect. These results suggest that export of apo B from the ER is a prerequisite for the observed insulin effect. Treatment of hepatocytes with wortmannin for 20 min abolished insulin inhibition of apo B secretion, suggesting that the insulin effect on the apo B pathway involves activation of PI 3-K. Enzyme inhibitor studies indicate that chymostatin and (+)-(2S,3S)-3-[(S)-methyl-1-(3-methylbutylcarbamoyl)-butylcarba moyl]-2- oxiranecarboxylate (E-64-c) partially block insulin effects on apo B compared with leupeptin, which had no discernible effect. The cell-permeable derivative of E-64-c, EST, and N-Ac-Leu-Leu-norleucinal (ALLN) were most effective in blocking insulin effects on apo B. These results suggest that insulin action on apo B in primary rat hepatocytes involves (1) vesicular movement of apo B from the ER; (2) activation of PI 3-K and (3) a cellular protease that is either a cysteine- or calcium-activated neutral protease.
Analysis on Death Causes of Residents in Shou County of Anhui Province From 2005 To 2009

Objective To explore the death causes status and its distribution rules of residents in Shou County,and provide scientific basis for the government to make the strategies of health planning and disease control.Methods The death monitoring data and the demographic data of Shou County from 2005 to 2009 were all collected.The death cases were classified according to International Classification of Diseases(ICD-10).Based on the population composition of nationwide census in 2000,the demographic data were standardized,and the potential years of life lost(PYLL) of various diseases were further calculated.Results From 2005 to 2009,the annual average mortality rate of residents in Shou County was 544.87/ lakh,and the standard mortality rate(SMR) was 491.21/ lakh,the top 5 causes of death were cerebrovascular diseases(CVD),malignant tumors,respiratory diseases,heart disease,injury and poisoning,and the mortality rate was 145.58/lakh,138.67/ lakh,73.81/ lakh,68.85/ lakh,58.54/ lakh respectively.The top 5 causes accounted for 89.10% of all death causes.The PYLL analysis showed that the top three of life lost were caused by dying of injury and poisoning,malignant tumors and CVD,and the average PYLL was 1067.47 years,929.89 years,373.11years respectively.And these three diseases were the main factors which limited the increase of average life span of residents in local areas.Conclusion Chronic non-communicable diseases and injury-poisoning became the main death causes which affected health life of residents in the county.The prevention and control for these diseases should be further enhanced.
EFFECT OF ALTERNATING MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF Fe CONTAINING PHASE IN HYPEREUTECTIC Al-2.89%Fe ALLOY

The Fe containing phase in hypereutectic Al-2.89%Fe alloy was accumulated towards the sample center under the alternating magnetic field, which is due to a large compression force orientated the sample axis acted on Al3Fe phases with a large magnetic susceptibility than melt aluminium. X-ray diffraction results showed that there was only Al3Fe phase existing in the Fe containing phases, whether solidified with or without the AC magnetic field. The alternating magnetic field can affect the distribution of the Fe containing phase instead of their type.
Alternative therapies for bacterial vaginosis: a literature review and acceptability survey.

Objective This article reviews current research into non-antibiotic treatments for bacterial vaginosis and assesses interest in the use of alternative therapies for women's health in a non-representative sample of women. Design Literature review and online survey. Subjects A convenience sample of 192 women was selected from an online community devoted to the discussion of women's health. Results Data on alternative treatments for bacterial vaginosis are mixed. Studies have shown both positive and null effects for probiotic- and lactic acid-based treatments. The results of antiseptic studies were more uniformly positive, but the studies were generally not placebo-controlled. Women in the survey population were both interested in and experienced with alternative and complementary therapies for reproductive health problems--44% of them had used home or natural remedies to treat vaginal infections or menstrual problems, and only 20% indicated that antibiotics and antifungals would be their treatment of choice. Conclusions Women are interested in alternative treatments for women's health problems such as yeast infections and bacterial vaginosis. Although such treatments have been investigated, further research--particularly in the form of high-quality, randomized, controlled trials--is strongly indicated.
Managing Bibliographic Data Quality in a Consortial Academic Library: A Case Study

ABSTRACTThis article presents a case study of quality management for print and electronic resource metadata, summarizing problems and solutions encountered by the Cataloging and Discovery Services Department in the George A. Smathers Libraries at the University of Florida. The authors discuss national, state, and local standards for cataloging, automated and manual record enhancements for data, user feedback, and statewide consortial factors. Findings show that adherence to standards, proactive cleanup of data via manual processes and automated tools, collaboration with vendors and stakeholders, and continual assessment of workflows are key to the management of biblio-graphic data quality in consortial academic libraries.
Bayesian reliability: Combining information

One of the most powerful features of Bayesian analyses is the ability to combine multiple sources of information in a principled way to perform inference. This feature can be particularly valuable in assessing the reliability of systems where testing is..
IL-17 Promotes Neutrophil-Mediated Immunity by Activating Microvascular Pericytes and Not Endothelium

A classical hallmark of acute inflammation is neutrophil infiltration of tissues, a multistep process that involves sequential cell–cell interactions of circulating leukocytes with IL-1– or TNF-activated microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes (PCs) that form the wall of the postcapillary venules. The initial infiltrating cells accumulate perivascularly in close proximity to PCs. IL-17, a proinflammatory cytokine that acts on target cells via a heterodimeric receptor formed by IL-17RA and IL-17RC subunits, also promotes neutrophilic inflammation but its effects on vascular cells are less clear. We report that both cultured human ECs and PCs strongly express IL-17RC and, although neither cell type expresses much IL-17RA, PCs express significantly more than ECs. IL-17, alone or synergistically with TNF, significantly alters inflammatory gene expression in cultured human PCs but not ECs. RNA sequencing analysis identifies many IL-17–induced transcripts in PCs encoding proteins known to stimulate neutrophil-mediated immunity. Conditioned media from IL-17–activated PCs, but not ECs, induce pertussis toxin–sensitive neutrophil polarization, likely mediated by PC-secreted chemokines, and they also stimulate neutrophil production of proinflammatory molecules, including TNF, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-8. Furthermore, IL-17–activated PCs, but not ECs, can prolong neutrophil survival by producing G-CSF and GM-CSF, delaying the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and caspase-9 activation. Importantly, neutrophils exhibit enhanced phagocytic capacity after activation by conditioned media from IL-17–treated PCs. We conclude that PCs, not ECs, are the major target of IL-17 within the microvessel wall and that IL-17–activated PCs can modulate neutrophil functions within the perivascular tissue space.
Epigenetics: Imprinting evolution in Arabidopsis.

A new sequencing study in Arabidopsis lyrata permits comparison of imprinted genes with the closely related A. thaliana and furthers our understanding of both the proximate and ultimate causes of genomic imprinting.
A 75-MHz Continuous-Time Sigma–Delta Modulator Employing a Broadband Low-Power Highly Efficient Common-Gate Summing Stage

A wide-bandwidth (BW) power-efficient continuous-time ΣΔ modulator (CTΣΔM) is presented. The modulator introduces a third-order filter implemented with a lossless integrator and a multiple-feedback single-amplifier biquadratic filter with embedded loop stability compensation. An active summing block is implemented by employing a common-gate current buffer followed by a transimpedance amplifier. This combination relaxes the specification requirements of the operational amplifier by making its required BW independent of the closed-loop gain. The proposed technique achieves optimum BW with reduced power consumption, making it functional for over gigahertz operation. Fabricated in a standard 40-nm CMOS technology, and clocked at 3.2 GHz, the CTΣΔM achieves a signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio of 65.5 dB over 75-MHz BW while consuming 22.8 mW of power. The obtained Walden's figure of merits is 98 fJ/conv-step.
A handbook for corporate information professionals: Katharine Schopflin, London, UK: Facet Publishing, 2015, 184 pp., $125.00, ISBN 978-1856049689

The purpose of this section of the Journal of Business & Finance Librarianship (JBFL) is to review academic books related to subject areas within business. Although there is a major focus upon refe...
Interdependence of roles, role rotation, and sense of community in an online course

AbstractMore and more educational institutions are moving towards online distance learning. Although asynchronous online learning overcomes the constraints of time, place and pace, online distance learners feel isolated due to the lack of real-time communications. One possible solution for overcoming this sense of isolation is regulating student online behavior by assigning specific roles and protocols for participation to learners in order to stimulate online learning activities. This qualitative study explored the use of such a technique in a fully online class in order to find out how the interdependence of roles and role rotation support a sense of community among learners. Data was collected through observations, discussion archives, surveys, and interviews. The results indicate that interdependent roles and role rotation provide students diverse learning experiences and interdependence in different ways. Students’ tendency to depend on their classmates and to participate is enhanced when using the s...
Harvest management based on leaf stage of a tetraploid vs. a diploid cultivar of annual ryegrass

Leaf stage-dependent defoliation is linked to the plant's physiological status and may be a more suitable criterion than time-based intervals for harvesting forage grasses, but no reports of research with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. var. westerwoldicum) were found. To address this, a 2-year field study was carried out at Raymond, MS, on a Loring silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Typic Fragiudalfs). Forage production, morphological characteristics and nutritive value responses to defoliation based on leaf stage (2, 3 and 4 leaves per tiller) and two residual stubble heights (RSH; 5 and 10 cm) of a tetraploid (“Maximus”) vs. a diploid (“Marshall”) cultivar of annual ryegrass were quantified. Forage harvested, in 2011, increased linearly as leaf stage increased from 7.3 to 8.8 Mg/ha, but during 2012 was least (7.0 Mg/ha) at 3-leaf stage and similar at the other two leaf stages (7.6 Mg/ha). Tiller density was less for Maximus (1,191 tillers/m2) than for Marshall (1,383 tillers/m2). Leaf blade proportion decreased with increasing leaf stage and was greater by 9% for Maximus than for Marshall. Generally, forage nutritive value became less desirable with increasing leaf stage. There was a dichotomy in forage harvested and nutritive value responses, but maximum forage productivity was achieved when annual ryegrass was defoliated at the 4-leaf stage interval.
Deaf Families’ Unique Experiences and Obstacles

This article focuses on deaf children of deaf parents who grew up using American Sign Language (ASL) in deaf culture. Deaf children of deaf parents described their unique experiences of struggling with obstacles, including quality of education, low expectations from professionals, unwanted sympathy, mental health therapists' lack of cultural competency, and not being asked for valuable perspectives or advice. The advice from deaf children of deaf parents is included in the article. By bringing greater attention to this population, mental health, school, and other professionals can increase their awareness of deaf families' unique needs in their work environment.
MAKING TEMPORAL SEARCH MORE CENTRAL IN SPATIAL DATAINFRASTRUCTURES

Abstract. A temporally enabled Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) is a framework of geospatial data, metadata, users, and tools intended to provide an efficient and flexible way to use spatial information which includes the historical dimension. One of the key software components of an SDI is the catalogue service which is needed to discover, query, and manage the metadata. A search engine is a software system capable of supporting fast and reliable search, which may use any means necessary to get users to the resources they need quickly and efficiently. These techniques may include features such as full text search, natural language processing, weighted results, temporal search based on enrichment, visualization of patterns in distributions of results in time and space using temporal and spatial faceting, and many others. In this paper we will focus on the temporal aspects of search which include temporal enrichment using a time miner - a software engine able to search for date components within a larger block of text, the storage of time ranges in the search engine, handling historical dates, and the use of temporal histograms in the user interface to display the temporal distribution of search results.
Intersections of gender and sexual minority status: Co-occurring bullying victimization among adolescents

Abstract The present study refined existing bullying literature by examining differences in risk of three types of bullying victimization (offline only, cyberbullying only, and co-occurring victimization) for four different gender-sexual minority status groups using data generated from high-school aged adolescents in the United States. We used data from two years (2011 and 2013) of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBS) to obtain a final sample of 91,588 individual cases for evaluation with multinomial regression. Generally, results suggest that adolescents who are outside a normal body weight and those belonging to a sexual minority face increased risks of offline and co-occurring victimization. Results also revealed that observed differences in risk of victimization are often significantly different across gender-sexual minority status groups leading to disparities in risk for male and female adolescents depending on whether they identify as a sexual minority.
An Architecture Profile for Human–System Integration

Current architectural frameworks have adequate semantics to represent the hardware and software elements of a system. However, they are deficient when it comes to representing and integrating humans with the rest of the system. Current system engineering practices address human considerations as an afterthought. With advances in methods for human–system integration, there is an opportunity to extend current architecture modeling semantics to include humans and human–system integration semantics. To better integrate humans in and with systems, traditional systems engineering semantics need to be extended with human behavior representation models. In order to implement human considerations within complex system representations, this paper presents a Human–System Integration Profile, which was specifically created to represent human aspects as a lens within the overall system architecture. The Human–System Integration Profile is expected to be one of many tools that will be needed to fully integrate human considerations with system architectures and perform human–system trade-offs.
Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: AUA/ASTRO/SUO Guideline. Part I: Risk Stratification, Shared Decision Making, and Care Options

Purpose: This guideline is structured to provide a clinical framework stratified by cancer severity to facilitate care decisions and guide the specifics of implementing the selected management opti...
The Gut Microbiome and Multiple Sclerosis

The microbiome can be defined as the sum of the microbial and host's genome. Recent information regarding this complex organ suggests that in animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS), the composition of the gut microbiome can be altered, giving rise to both the effector and regulatory phases of central nervous system (CNS) demyelination. Experimental findings during the past decade in animal models of MS have provided clear evidence for the significant role of gut microbes in both the effector and regulatory phase of this condition. There is mounting evidence in preliminary human studies suggesting that a dysbiotic MS gut microbiome could affect disease progression. We propose considering the gut microbiome as a key organ for the regulation of tolerance mechanisms and speculate that the gut microbiome is the major environmental risk factor for CNS demyelinating disease. Accordingly, we hypothesize that intervention of the gut microbiome could result in safer novel therapeutic strategies to treat MS.
Microfluidic Device for Aptamer-Based Cancer Cell Capture and Genetic Mutation Detection.

We present a microfluidic device for specifically capturing cancer cells and isolating their genomic DNA (gDNA) for specific amplification and sequence analysis. To capture cancer cells within the device, nucleic acid aptamers that specifically bind to cancer cells were immobilized within a channel containing micropillars designed to increase capture efficiency. The captured cells were lysed in situ, and their gDNA was isolated by physical entanglement within a second smaller-dimensioned micropillar array. This type of isolation allows the gDNA to be retained and purified within the channel and enables amplification and analysis to be performed on the gDNA without the loss of the original template. We developed a technique for selectively amplifying genes from whole gDNA using multiple displacement amplification. The amplified gene samples were sequenced, and the resulting sequence information was compared against the known wild-type gene to identify any mutations. We have tested cervical and ovarian canc...
New York City: Struggles over the narrative of the Solidarity Economy

Abstract The solidarity economy in North America has received growing attention at multiple scales in the past ten years. As worker cooperatives in New York City enjoy newfound municipal support, narrative struggles emerge between actors within the solidarity economy space. The solidarity economy may be theorized as capitalism’s feminized ‘other’: malleable, unfixed, local, and difficult to quantify. This feminization extends to both its workforce, a majority of whom are women, and the labor it produces, primarily domestic work. It is for these reasons that solidarity economy work is often overlooked as a political economy capable of structural transformation, and the discomfort with its breadth has lead movement leaders to uphold and advocate for more ‘formal’ models like cooperatives and deploy ‘poverty alleviation’ and entrepreneurship narratives to stabilize the fluid field. I argue that this project blanches the radical edges of a movement, minimizing not only those whose labor accounts for the majority of solidarity economy work, but ignoring the transformative potential of sites where such work happens. Based on a series of qualitative interviews with solidarity economy practitioners, this paper argues that the dominant narrative of solidarity economy work in New York City ignores where most of this work occurs and by whom, erasing and undermining those efforts. Counter-narratives emerge in those ‘forgotten’ spaces and thus transform them into sites of radical, anti-capitalist organizing. In so doing, this paper poses a question for geographers about how movements may continue to challenge our assumptions about space.
Metric-induced Morphogenesis and Non-Euclidean Elasticity: Scaling Laws and Thin Film Models

The purpose of this paper is to report on recent developments concerning the analysis and the rigorous derivation of thin film models for structures exhibiting residual stress at free equilibria. This phenomenon has been observed in different contexts: growing leaves, torn plastic sheets and specifically engineered polymer gels. The study of wavy patterns in these contexts suggest that the sheet endeavors to reach a non-attainable equilibrium and hence assumes a non-zero stress rest configuration.
The Role of Family Context in Early Adulthood: Where We’ve Been and Where We’re Going

Public and scholarly interest in early adulthood has increased over the past decade, spurred by the dramatic social and developmental changes young people experience during this period and the consequences of their missteps. The family context – both the family of origin and family of procreation – has emerged as key settings shaping young adults’ success in navigating this period of the life course. While prior research has illuminated relationships between various family contexts and young adult outcomes, the chapters in this volume move the field forward in considering the dynamic interplay between family context, early adult development, and a range of outcomes. In this chapter, we synthesize four emergent themes from this volume: the role of family in pathways to adulthood, cumulative advantage and disadvantage in early adulthood, individual differences in young people’s skills and capacities for negotiating early adulthood, and the role of institutions in shaping early adulthood. We conclude by delineating the remaining gaps in the literature and by offering suggestions for how the field should move forward.
AUTOMATION IN SURVEYING AND MAPPING: PRESENT AND FUTURE

Patterns of present-day automation in photogrammetry are examined in seven broad categories: stereoplotter-computer interface; automatic image correlation; offline orthophoto systems; automated image processing; digital terrain data for engineering; ancillary photogrammetric operations; and nondigital automation. Future objectives of surveying and mapping: land data records computerized in a universal coordinate system; a new unified World datum ellipsoid; widespread use of image maps and thematic maps; a central bank of digitized cartographic information. Predicted components of a future surveying and mapping system are: position determination by use of Earth satellites; position and elevation determination by use of an inertial package in a moving vehicle; imaging systems using multispectral scanners and solid-state sensors; automated production of orthophotos, contours, and digital terrain data; automated map-finishing operations; and powerful computer techniques for complex computations and data handling.
Carotenoids and Immune Function

β-Carotene and certain other carotenoids are now known to exert multiple protective effects on functions of the cellular immune system. Carotenoids diminish the immunosuppressive effects of UV light, provide resistance against neoplastic development, and reduce the immunosuppressive effects of aging. Aims of this review are to examine how current knowledge of the immunoprotective properties of carotenoids was acquired, to identify gaps in our understanding of this subject, and to propose areas for future research.
Construction Markets and Contracts

The rig construction industry began in the U.S. in the early 1950s and spread to Europe and Asia in the mid-1970s as offshore exploration increased. At its peak in 1983, 11 U.S. shipyards were engaged in rig construction. Shifts in exploration activity and the general decline in the competitiveness of the U.S. shipbuilding industry led to the entry of new market players, and today, Asia dominates all sectors of the newbuild industry. Since 2000, Asian shipyards have constructed 70 % of all jackups delivered in the world, and almost all semisubmersibles and drillships. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the demand factors and players in rig construction with an emphasis on jackups. We conclude with a brief review of the primary features of construction contracts.
An h-p Method with Quasiuniform Mesh for Integral Equations on Polygons

We present the h-p version of the boundary element method when the Dirichlet and Neumann problems are solved over a polygon using integral equation techniques. Asymptotic rates of convergence are given for quasiuniform meshes.
Synthesis, Deformation, and Statistics of 3D Objects via M-Reps

The m-rep, a representation of the interior of one or more objects, from which boundaries can be synthesized, is described in detail. An m-rep consists of sheets of medial atoms; both sampled and parametrized representations of these sheets are described. Means of forming objects made from a main sheet (figure) and attached protrusion or indentation subfigures are described, as are multiscale hierarchies of object complexes, objects, figures, atoms, and voxels. The object-relative coordinate system provided by m-reps is presented. To allow the estimation of probabilities on populations of m-reps, the m-rep can be understood as an element in a feature space that takes the mathematical form of a symmetric space. Doing this provides the ability to estimate probabilities by a generalization of principal component analysis to these curved spaces.
Highway Eco-Driving of an Electric Vehicle Based on Minimum Principle

The digital map in the on-board navigation system on passenger vehicles nowadays gives controllers access to detailed information of a planned route. Connected automated vehicles equipped with high computing power, are able to process data and leverage high control freedom available through automation. This paper proposes a fast optimization algorithm for eco- driving of electric vehicles in highway cruising scenarios. The algorithm is based on optimal control theory and takes into account road grades as well as state constraints imposed by speed limits and safe headway to the preceding car. Using Autonomie, the proposed algorithm is evaluated by simulating two example scenarios. The first result demonstrates an energy saving potential of 4.4%.
The pressure dependence of viscosity for 2,2,4 trimethylhexane to 1 GPa along the 20 °C isotherm

Abstract A fundamental requirement for film generation in elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) is that the viscosity of the liquid increase strongly with increase in pressure. The pressure dependence of viscosity influences both the thickness of the film separating the machine elements and the friction force which opposes their relative motion. Oddly, accurate descriptions of the piezoviscous effect were not employed in the study of EHL until about ten years ago. Advances in understanding film formation and friction are now proceeding quickly and the demand from industry for this information is growing. Molecular dynamics simulations have the promise of generating pressure-viscosity data for liquids which have not yet been synthesized but only if the accuracy of the method can be validated.
Studies of reproducibility of the tonographic determination of facility.

A TONOCGRAPHIC METHOD FOR EVALUATION OF FACILITY OF OUTFLOWN' WAS described by Grant more than 35 years ago."2 Almost simultaneously, a similar method was described by Moses and Bruno3 which allowed evaluation of the pressure-related outflow. Both techniques are based on the work of Friedenwald' relating intraocular pressure (IOP), intraocular volume, and indentation of the cornea. Tonography, which for a time was widely used, provides a noninvasive measure of the resistance to outflow of aqueous humor from the eye. It has been used in physiologic studies and in studies to determine the effects of medications and surgery on aqueous dynamics. In addition, ophthalmologists have used tonographic measurements to guide patient care; but in recent years this has become less popular. When measurements are used clinically or in research studies to clarify the effect of an intervention a basic requirement is that the results have little variation, or predictable variation, when repeated in the absence of the intervention. There is information in the literature concerning the reproducibility of tonographic measurements on individual eyes5-8; but, in general, these reports lack analyses of the reproducibility of group mean data. The purpose of the present study has been to evaluate, in two groups of undiseased eyes, the variation of tonographic facility for individual eyes and for group mean values when measurements are repeated in the absence of interventions.
Interference Mitigation Through User Association and Receiver Field of View Optimization in a Multi-User Indoor Hybrid RF/VLC Illuminance-Constrained Network

In this paper we address interference mitigation through user association and receiver field of view (FOV) optimization in a multi-user indoor optical wireless communication (OWC) scenario. We explore several dynamic FOV receiver solutions including steerable (SDFOV) and non-steerable (DFOV) to optimize performance for multiple devices experiencing orientation dynamics. We compare their performance to a baseline fixed FOV receiver (FFOV). Through modeling and simulation we find that SDFOV receivers outperform DFOV by up to 2.6x and FFOV by up to 5.6x in terms of average minimum throughput gain using our test scenario. Similarly, DFOV receivers can achieve up to 2.2x gain over FFOV receivers. For multi-user environments, we compare the performance of coordinated versus distributed system control. Results show that in the worst case, the distributed greedy system performs on average 46%, 16%, and 57% below the coordinated system for SDFOV, DFOV, and FFOV, respectively at a reduced computational complexity compared to the centralized system. We also note that the performance gap in each system diminishes with increasing transmitter Lambertian order. This analysis is done under different room coverage achieved through optimizing the transmitted power to jointly maximize the minimum received power and the standard illuminance range probability at the working plane. Next, we show the impact of self- and random-human blockage at different Lambertian orders on the minimum and average user throughput values. Lastly, we show the gains from employing the hybrid RF/VLC network compared to a VLC-only mode for two different strategies: (1) minimum-throughput-enhancing and (2) sum-throughput-enhancing.
Cardiac Work in Patients After Heart Transplant: A Novel Index to assess the Left Ventricular Function

Background: Traditional parameters for assessment of left ventricle (LV) systolic function include ejection fraction and shortening fraction. However, these parameters do not take into consideration the role of afterload on the LV systolic function. Cardiac work, a parameter which combines afterload and LV cardiac output to assess cardiac pumping ability, is defined as the product of cardiac output and mean arterial pressure (MAP). In adults with chronic heart failure, low resting cardiac work has been associated with adverse outcomes, including mortality. However, …
Estimating historical probabilities of natural and unnatural processes

This paper presents a technique for estimating the influences of channel bias on phonological typology. The technique, based on statistical bootstrapping, enables the estimation of historical probability, the probability that a synchronic alternation arises based on two diachronic factors: the number of sound changes required for an alternation to arise and their respective probabilities. I estimate historical probabilities of six attested and unattested alternations targeting the feature [voice], compare historical probabilities of these alternations, perform inferential statistics on the comparison and, to evaluate the performance of the channel bias approach, compare outputs of the diachronic model against the independently observed synchronic typology. The technique also identifies mismatches between the typological predictions of the analytic bias and channel bias approaches. By comparing these mismatches with the observed typology, this paper attempts to quantitatively evaluate the distinct contributions of the two influences on typology in a set of alternations targeting the feature [voice].
Comparison of Efficacy of Oral and Intravenous Iron Replacement Therapy in Children with Systolic Heart Failure and Iron Deficiency

Purpose Iron deficiency (ID) is associated with increased risk of ventricular assist device implantation, transplant, or death in children with systolic heart failure (HF). Oral iron replacement is standard therapy for ID. However retrospective studies in children with HF estimate its efficacy at ∼50%. There are no data comparing the efficacy of oral and intravenous (IV) iron therapy in children with systolic HF. Methods In July 2019, we instituted a screening and treatment protocol for ID in children with systolic HF. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who were screened with this protocol between 07/2019 and 10/2020. ID was defined as the presence of ≥2 of the following 4 criteria on serum iron testing: iron 300 ng/mL, transferrin saturation Results Forty patients with systolic HF (21 male, median age 4.5 years, 28 cardiomyopathy and 12 congenital heart disease) met inclusion criteria. Nine received oral iron while 31 received IV iron. Post-therapy iron studies were available for 6/9 of the oral iron cohort and 28/31 of the IV iron cohort. The oral and IV iron cohorts were similar in terms of demographics, etiology or chronicity of HF, renal dysfunction, and mechanical ventilation. Pre-treatment serum BNP was higher in the IV iron cohort (median 1092 vs 55, p = 0.028) compared to the oral iron cohort. At 3 months, iron therapy was effective in 50% (3/6) of the oral iron cohort, compared to 86% (24/28) of those on IV iron (p = 0.086). By 6 months, ID was effectively treated in 50% (3/6) of patients on oral iron, compared to 89% (25/28) of patients on IV iron (p = 0.053). Demographics, etiology or chronicity of HF, BNP, renal dysfunction, and mechanical ventilation were not associated with efficacy of iron therapy at 3 or 6 months. Conclusion IV iron tended to be more effective than oral iron in treating ID in children with systolic HF, despite the IV iron cohort having higher BNP levels and being presumably sicker. This is the first pediatric data on the topic, although statistical significance was limited by small sample size. Larger studies are needed to guide effective therapy for ID in children with systolic HF.
Editorial Comment: Shift in Rectal Cancer Treatment Strategies.

This Editorial Comment discusses the following AJR article: MRI Staging in an Evolving Management Paradigm for Rectal Cancer, From the AJR Special Series on Cancer Staging.
Build a better bootstrap and the RAWR shall beat a random path to your door: phylogenetic support estimation revisited

MOTIVATION The standard bootstrap method is used throughout science and engineering to perform general-purpose non-parametric resampling and re-estimation. Among the most widely cited and widely used such applications is the phylogenetic bootstrap method, which Felsenstein proposed in 1985 as a means to place statistical confidence intervals on an estimated phylogeny (or estimate 'phylogenetic support'). A key simplifying assumption of the bootstrap method is that input data are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). However, the i.i.d. assumption is an over-simplification for biomolecular sequence analysis, as Felsenstein noted. RESULTS In this study, we introduce a new sequence-aware non-parametric resampling technique, which we refer to as RAWR ('RAndom Walk Resampling'). RAWR consists of random walks that synthesize and extend the standard bootstrap method and the 'mirrored inputs' idea of Landan and Graur. We apply RAWR to the task of phylogenetic support estimation. RAWR's performance is compared to the state-of-the-art using synthetic and empirical data that span a range of dataset sizes and evolutionary divergence. We show that RAWR support estimates offer comparable or typically superior type I and type II error compared to phylogenetic bootstrap support. We also conduct a re-analysis of large-scale genomic sequence data from a recent study of Darwin's finches. Our findings clarify phylogenetic uncertainty in a charismatic clade that serves as an important model for complex adaptive evolution. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Data and software are publicly available under open-source software and open data licenses at: https://gitlab.msu.edu/liulab/RAWR-study-datasets-and-scripts.
Zero-Trust Principles for Legacy Components

In this paper we briefly outline as set of rules for integration of legacy devices into a modern industrial control system. These rules are fairly simple, and are mostly derived from “Zero Trust” principles. These rules aim to be pragmatic, and cost-effectiveness trumps completeness.
Adenovirus viremia after in vivo T-cell depleted allo-transplant in adults: low lymphocyte counts are associated with uncontrolled viremia and fatal outcomes.

The incidence of adenovirus viremia and the role of screening in preventing adenovirus disease in adult transplant recipients are not well defined. Between January 2017 and May 2020, 262 allogeneic transplants were performed using in vivo T-cell depletion. Adenovirus viremia was found in 59 patients for a cumulative incidence of 10% by one hundred days and 23% (95% CI 20-26%) by one year. There was a higher incidence of viremia associated with cord blood transplant (p = .04). No other patient, donor or transplant characteristics were identified that predicted for viremia. In 47 patients (80%), viremia remained well below 200,000 copies/mL and resolved. Twelve patients developed high level viremia. Treatment with antivirals and in some cases adoptive cell therapy, was often ineffective and only two survived. Low lymphocyte count at initial detection of adenovirus viremia was the best predictor of uncontrolled disease.
Distinctives of High Producers of Minority Science and Engineering Doctoral Starts

Demographic shifts in recent years have resulted in a smaller proportion of white males in the American population. Historically, we have depended on these individuals to comprise almost all of the science and engineering doctorates for our workforce. America must now develop S&E talent more fully among minority groups and women. Colleges and universities have moved ahead admirably in bringing these individuals into S&E programs and preparing them for doctoral study. Predictably, some have had greater success than others. The present study was completed under a National Science Foundation grant. It sought to identify the more successful institutions and to identify the elements of their success in an effort to effect a sharing of know-how. The National Research Council was asked to rank-order institutions according to their rates of success in sending Indian, Hispanic and black students on to graduate study in science and engineering. Site visits and interviews were made at ten of the top institutions. Using George Kuh's rubric for involving institutions, site visitors identified valuable threads among the practices for talent development among the populations under study.
A community-wide perspective of secular trends in the therapeutic management of patients with acute myocardial infarction. The Worcester Heart Attack Study.

As part of an ongoing community-wide study of time trends in the incidence and case-fatality rates of patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (MI) in 16 Worcester, Mass., metropolitan hospitals during the calendar years 1975, 1978, 1981, and 1984, changes over time in the therapeutic management of 3,263 patients with validated acute MI were examined. Beta-blocker and nitrate therapy use increased consistently and dramatically. Use of antiplatelet agents was inconsistent, while use of digoxin remained stable. Use of antiarrhythmic medications other than lidocaine decreased consistently while lidocaine use increased between 1975 and 1978 and then leveled off to being used in appproximately 45% of hospitalized patients with acute MI in 1981 and 1984. A variety of demographic (e.g. age, sex, teaching hospital) and clinical characteristics (e.g. MI order, MI type, MI location, peak CPK findings, occurrence of acute clinical complications) were also associated with the use of these therapies. The results of this community-wide study suggest changes over time in the therapeutic management of patients hospitalized with acute MI and of various patient demographic and clinical factors associated with the use of these agents.