cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Condoms and Cupcakes: Fostering Autonomy Through Relationships of Care With Women in Prostitution

This article reports on an anti-oppressive approach to working with prostitute women based on findings from a study exploring the perspectives of 17 women who attended a drop-in program run by a nonprofit organization in Baltimore, MD, as well as site observations and interactions with program staff. The organization creates a compassionate space where women may grow as they choose rather than the typical punitive or rescuing strategies employed by courts and social service agencies. We discuss implications of this compassionate approach for radical practice in court-based and social service programs designed for women in prostitution against the backdrop of coercion and autonomy.
Reactor designs for heavy-ion fusion

The Heavy-Ion Fusion Systems Assessment (HIFSA) Project is a study of the prospects for successful pure fusion commercial HIF electric power generation using heavy-ion induction linear accelerator (linac) drivers. Although the project is led by Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), success requires substantial contributions from all members of a large interdisciplinary team representing a unique assemblage of talent from other national laboratories, universities, and industry. The four reactor concepts included in the HIFSA studies - CASCADE, HYLIFE, wetted-wall, and magnetically protected - can be coupled with heavy-ion induction linacs operating over a wide range of pulse repetition rates to permit thorough exploration of the potential advantages of induction linacs as drivers. These concepts incorporate several interesting options, including solid and liquid-metal blankets and first-wall protection concepts, conventional and advanced power generation cycles, etc. No substantive obstacles to adaptation of these laser fusion reactor concepts for HIF have yet been identified. In particular, the reactor/driver interfaces and achievement of the lower cavity atmosphere densities required for HIF and the reactor/driver interfaces do not present significant problems.
C. W. Walldorf, Jr., Just Politics: Human Rights and the Foreign Policy of Great Powers

Foreign policy makers, political scientists and historians have long debated how human rights influence international relations. Conventional wisdom suggests that humanitarian impulses matter littl...
PhilEx Profiling Measurements of Internal Waves and Mixing Processes

Abstract : This project aims to increase our understanding of internal wave processes in straits and archipelagos, including the generation and propagation of internal tides at sills and constrictions, topographic modification of near-inertial motions, and the relative roles of local and remote forcing. These processes influence mixing and momentum transport, and their accurate representation in numerical models is necessary to simulate flow and property distributions in complex regions. An eventual goal is the improvement of such models. OBJECTIVES * To obtain high-resolution measurements of temperature, salinity, and velocity fine structure in the little-studied straits and basins of the Philippine Archipelago for the purposes of characterizing the spatial and temporal variability of internal tides and near-inertial internal waves, as well as other flow-driven mixing processes. * To provide in-situ data for testing of numerical models of tides and circulation through the archipelago. * To demonstrate the capabilities of profiling floats for remote surveying of constricted regions over long periods of time with limited ship access. * To test the ability of EM-APEX floats to perform in a region of low vertical magnetic field strength (the magnetic equator). * To understand the climatology of internal waves in the diurnal, semidiurnal, and inertial bands, including forcing mechanisms, topographic effects, and dependence on mean flow and stratification.
Denitrification by Chromobacterium violaceum

One host (Rana catesbiana)-associated and two free-living mesophilic strains of bacteria with violet pigmentation and biochemical characteristics of Chromobacterium violaceum were isolated from freshwater habitats. Cells of each freshly isolated strain and of strain ATCC 12472 (the neotype strain) grew anaerobically with glucose as the sole carbon and energy source. The major fermentation products of cells grown in Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) supplemented with glucose included acetate, small amounts of propionate, lactate, and pyruvate. The final cell yield and culture growth rate of each strain cultured anaerobically in this medium increased approximately twofold with the addition of 2 mM NaNO3. Final growth yields increased in direct proportion to the quantity of added NaNO3 over the range of 0.5 to 5 mM. Each strain reduced NO3−, producing NO2−, NO, and N2O. NO2− accumulated transiently. With 2 mM NaNO3 in the medium, N2O made up 85 to 98% of the N product recovered with each strain. N-oxides were recovered in the same quantity and distribution whether 0.01 atm (ca. 1 kPa) of C2H2 (added to block N2O reduction) was present or not. Neither N2 production nor gas accumulation was detected during NO3− reduction by growing cells. Cell growth in media containing 0.5 to 5 mM NaNO2 in lieu of NaNO3 was delayed, and although N2O was produced by the end of growth, NO2− -containing media did not support growth to an extent greater than did medium lacking NO3− or NO2−. The data indicate that C. violaceum cells ferment glucose or denitrify, terminating denitrification with the production of N2O, and that NO2− reduction to N2O is not coupled to growth but may serve as a detoxification mechanism. No strain detectably fixed N2 (reduced C2H2).
Does the level of prehospital care influence the outcome of patients with altered levels of consciousness

HYPOTHESIS: Significant differences exist in the outcome of patients with altered level of consciousness (ALOC) cared for by advanced life support (ALS) compared with basic life support (BLS) prehospital providers. METHODS: Patients transported by ambulance to a community teaching hospital during an 11-month period were studied retrospectively. Study patients were those considered not alert by prehospital personnel. Exclusion criteria included; trauma, intoxication, drowning, shock, and cardiac arrest. Data were abstracted from the ambulance reports and hospital records. RESULTS: Two hundred three patients with an ALOC were identified; 113 were transported by ALS providers (56%) and 90 (44%) by BLS providers. Prehospital levels of consciousness, according to the "alert, verbal, painful, unresponsive" scale (ALS vs BLS) were: "verbal" (40% vs 51%), "painful" (23% vs 23%), and "unresponsive" (37% vs 25%). The mean value for some time was 15 +/- 6 minutes for ALS versus 10 +/- 4 minutes for BLS (p < 0.001). On arrival in the emergency department, the LOC of 72 (64%) ALS patients and 58 (64%) BLS patients had improved to "alert." The level of consciousness in one ALS patient worsened. Fifty-two ALS (46%) and 38 (42%) BLS patients were admitted. Principal final diagnoses were seizure (27% ALS vs 38% BLS), hypoglycemia (23% ALS vs 23% BLS), and stroke (22% ALS vs 20% BLS). Remaining diagnoses each constituted less than 7% of total discharge diagnoses. No statistically significant differences in measures of outcome were noted between ALS or BLS patients. Diagnoses of seizure, stroke, and hypoglycemia were studied individually. No differences in admission rate, mortality rate, or disposition were identified. Hypoglycemic patients conveyed by ALS providers had significantly shorter emergency department treatment times than did those transported by BLS providers (160 +/- 62 minutes ALS vs 229 +/- 67 minutes BLS [p < 0.005]). CONCLUSION: Advanced life support levels of care of patients with an ALOC does not significantly change outcome compared with those receiving BLS care with the exception of shorter emergency department treatment times for hypoglycemic patients.
Occult Tuberculosis in the Intensive Care Unit

Mycobacterium (TB) is often a subtle disease. Unrecognized TB may occur in hospitalized patients and contribute to increased patient morbidity and even mortality. To determine the magnitude of this problem in the critical care unit, we retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients with cultures positive for TB who were admitted to the critical care units of the Rhode Island Hospital between 1981 and 1991. Fourteen such patients (mean age, 59; range, 31-84 years) wsere identified from a total of 100 cases of proven TB among all hospitalized patients during this 11-year period. Thirteen of 14 patients had risk factors known to predispose to TB, including alcoholism, malnutrition, and immunosuppression. No patient was known to have TB at the time of ICU admission. The median time from admission to definitive diagnosis or death was 25 days; TB was the primary or contributing cause of death in 9 of 14 patients. Reasons for the marked delay in diagnosis and subsequent high mortality include (1) a low yie...
Book review: Adaptive Reasoning for Real-World Problems by Roy M. Turner (Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, 1994)

In view of the growing popularity of agent-based systems this book is very timely. "Adaptive Reasoning for Real-World Problems" discusses practical approaches to realizing adaptive systems based on current agent concepts. The book discusses, in detail, the nature and types of knowledge that computer-based agents need to access and manage in order to be able to effectively function in a changing operational environment. It identifies the types of knowledge required for adaptive problem solving: procedural, contextual, and strategic, and addresses, in detail, appropriate ways of structuring knowledge for use by the adaptive agent. Procedural knowledge refers to implicit or explicit actions required to achieve a goal. Contextual knowledge is that knowledge which establishes the problem-solving context in which the agent (or reasoner) finds itself and in which it must operate. Strategic knowledge refers to that knowledge which the agent can use to control or modify its problem-solving behaviors. In Turner's system each of these types of knowledge is represented in a schema: "...an explicit, declaratively-represented packet of knowledge representing either a pattern encountered (or expected) in the world or a pattern of action for the reasoner to take. A schema can be either provided to a reasoner by another agent or learned from experience."
Analysis of solar hydrogen production in Algeria: Case of an electrolyzer-concentrating photovoltaic system

Abstract The use of renewable energy and more particularly solar energy in hydrogen production is considered the most viable and the most environment protective. Electricity is required for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen. As photovoltaic modules enable the direct conversion of solar energy into electricity, photovoltaic systems are then the most indicated systems for this task. Algeria is richly endowed with renewable energy resources particularly solar energy. This situation makes Algeria an excellent place for the production of hydrogen using renewable energy. In the present work, particular attention is paid to the production of hydrogen from solar energy. The aim is to evaluate the potential of hydrogen energy production using an electrolyzer-concentrating photovoltaic system for different sites in Algeria. First the perspective of solar energy development, in light of the present energy situation in Algeria is discussed. Taking into consideration the availability of resources, the meteorological and radiation conditions, the advances in PV, tracking and electrolyzer technologies, different parameters are then used to determine the potential of hydrogen production in different sites. The results are reported and discussed. The potential at different locations in Algeria is determined. An inter-comparison between different technologies is carried out. For the system with the Fresnel reflector, the results show that the mean value over the country of the hydrogen production potential per unit cell area is about 0.14 kg H 2 /m 2 day for the least favorable month; while this value is about 0.19 kg H 2 /m 2 day for the most favorable month. For the system with the parabolic trough reflector, these values are about 0.10 kg H 2 /m 2 day for the least favorable month and about 0.17 kg H 2 /m 2 day for the most favorable month. Results show that electrolyzer-concentrating photovoltaic system is more appropriate for large scale production of hydrogen.
Characteristics of electrostatic gas micro-pump with integrated polyimide passive valves

We report on the fabrication and characterization of electrostatic gas micro-pumps integrated with polyimide check valves. Touch-mode capacitance actuation, enabled by a fixed silicon electrode and a metal/polyimide diaphragm, creates the suction and push-out of the ambient gas; the gas flow is rectified by the check valves located at the inlet and outlet of the pump. The fabricated pumps were tested with various actuation voltages at different frequencies and duty cycles; an emphasis was placed on investigating the effect of valve flow conductance on the gas pumping characteristics. The pump with higher valve conductance could increase the operating frequency of the pump and affect the pumping characteristics from a pulsating flow to a continuous flow, leading to a higher gas flow rate. This electrostatic pump has a flow control resolution of 1 µL min−1; it could generate a gas flow up to 106 µL min−1.
Psychiatric evaluation of offenders who commit crimes while experiencing dissociative states

The forensic evaluation of criminal offenders who have experienced dissociative states is highly problematic. The frequency with which these disorders occur, for example, is unknown; an the very techniques which appear sometimes to be necessary to diagnose these entities may, according to some, run the risk of creating them. The author discusses, first, difficulties in diagnosing these disorders and offers suggestions for overcoming them. Legal and ethical enigmas which can arise once these diagnoses are made are next enumerated. Finally, socio-legal implications are considered.
Neural reactivity to visual food stimuli is reduced in some areas of the brain during evening hours compared to morning hours: an fMRI study in women.

The extent that neural responsiveness to visual food stimuli is influenced by time of day is not well examined. Using a crossover design, 15 healthy women were scanned using fMRI while presented with low- and high-energy pictures of food, once in the morning (6:30–8:30 am) and once in the evening (5:00–7:00 pm). Diets were identical on both days of the fMRI scans and were verified using weighed food records. Visual analog scales were used to record subjective perception of hunger and preoccupation with food prior to each fMRI scan. Six areas of the brain showed lower activation in the evening to both high- and low-energy foods, including structures in reward pathways (P < 0.05). Nine brain regions showed significantly higher activation for high-energy foods compared to low-energy foods (P < 0.05). High-energy food stimuli tended to produce greater fMRI responses than low-energy food stimuli in specific areas of the brain, regardless of time of day. However, evening scans showed a lower response to both low- and high-energy food pictures in some areas of the brain. Subjectively, participants reported no difference in hunger by time of day (F = 1.84, P = 0.19), but reported they could eat more (F = 4.83, P = 0.04) and were more preoccupied with thoughts of food (F = 5.51, P = 0.03) in the evening compared to the morning. These data underscore the role that time of day may have on neural responses to food stimuli. These results may also have clinical implications for fMRI measurement in order to prevent a time of day bias.
Factors Influencing the Educational and Vocational Transitions of Black and Latino High School Students

This article discusses individual, structural, and cultural factors that shape the educational and vocational transitions of graduating high school Black and Latino students. Implications of such factors for school counselors who wish to facilitate these adolescents' career development also are presented.
Application of Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters for Streamflow Measurements

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) principally has used Price AA and Price pygmy mechanical current meters for measurement of discharge. New technologies have resulted in the introduction of alternatives to the Price meters. One alternative, the FlowTracker acoustic Doppler velocimeter, was designed by SonTek/YSI to make streamflow measurements in wadeable conditions. The device measures a point velocity and can be used with standard midsection method algorithms to compute streamflow. The USGS collected 55 quality-assurance measurements with the FlowTracker at 43 different USGS streamflow-gaging stations across the United States, with mean depths from 0.05 to 0.67 m , mean velocities from 13 to 60 cm∕s , and discharges from 0.02 to 12.4 m3 ∕s . These measurements were compared with Price mechanical current meter measurements. Analysis of the comparisons shows that the FlowTracker discharges were not statistically different from the Price meter discharges at a 95% confidence level.
Major metabolism and acute toxicity of aldrin, dieldrin, and endrin.

Abstract The photochemical isomerization and the fate of the cyclodiene pesticides—aldrin, dieldrin, and endrin—in mammals, plants, and soils was reviewed. Unfortunately, because of the many deficiencies in our knowledge, a precise statement in regard to the ecological implications of these pesticides in the quantities now employed is not possible at this time.
Occupancy of chromatin organizers in the Epstein-Barr virus genome.

Abstract The human CCCTC-binding factor, CTCF, regulates transcription of the double-stranded DNA genomes of herpesviruses. The architectural complex cohesin and RNA Polymerase II also contribute to this organization. We profiled the occupancy of CTCF, cohesin, and RNA Polymerase II on the episomal genome of the Epstein–Barr virus in a cell culture model of latent infection. CTCF colocalizes with cohesin but not RNA Polymerase II. CTCF and cohesin bind specific sequences throughout the genome that are found not just proximal to the regulatory elements of latent genes, but also near lytic genes. In addition to tracking with known transcripts, RNA Polymerase II appears at two unannotated positions, one of which lies within the latent origin of replication. The widespread occupancy profile of each protein reveals binding near or at a myriad of regulatory elements and suggests context-dependent functions.
The elemental composition of plankton

Abstract Phytoplankton samples, collected in Monterey Bay, California, were analyzed for their Pb, Hg, Cd, Co, Ag, Cr, Ti, V, Mn, Ni, Cu, Fe, Zn, AI, Mo, Ba, Sr, K, Ca, Mg, Na and SiO2 content. The results of these analyses were categorized on a chemical basis and the sample data were placed in three groups: Group I, Ti not detected; Group II, Ti detected; and Group III, Sr concentrators present. Levels of most elements were higher in Groups II and III for a variety of reasons that are discussed in the text. The siliceous frustules, remaining after organic-matter digestion, were also analyzed for the elements listed above. Significant amounts of Al, Ti, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were found. Zooplankton and microplankton samples, collected in Monterey Bay, California; off the coast of Oregon; and on a transect between Hawaii and Monterey, were also analyzed for the elements listed above (except Si). In general, element levels in the inshore and offshore zoo-plankton were similar; however, the microplankton samples, in which strontium was highly concentrated, were almost always higher in Pb, Hg, Cu, Fe and Zn.
Cyanogen bromide-activated coupling: DNA catalytic chromatography purification of EcoRI endonuclease.

A method to purify enzymes utilizing their specific biological affinity and catalytic specificity is described. For this chromatographic technique, an enzyme binds immobilized substrate coupled to a column in the absence of a cofactor required for catalysis but permissive for substrate binding. After washing, the missing cofactor is added to the column mobile phase, and the enzyme converts substrate into product and elutes from the column. A single-step purification of EcoRI endonuclease using a sequence-specific DNA column (containing the GAATTC motif coupled to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B) binds EcoRI in the absence of Mg2+ and elutes when Mg2+ is applied in a highly purified state. Although the method described is specific for EcoRI, it can be readily modified for the purification of DNA polymerases and other enzymes. Furthermore, many of the same materials are also used for transcription factor purification. This protocol can be completed within 4–6 d.
Developing Urban School Leaders: Building on Solutions 15 Years after the Los Angeles Riots

The 15th Anniversary of the Los Angeles riots serves as an impetus to continue efforts in addressing how institutionalized theories, norms, and practices in schools and society lead to social, political, economic, and educational inequalities. The challenges of school inequalities continue to be chronic and remain unresolved through traditional practices, scholarship, theory, and professional training of school leaders. The intersection between urban school leadership and diversity is examined through critically reviewing hurdles that school leaders encounter, such as low socioeconomics, low representation of leaders of color, violence, and academic underachievement. We argue that urban school leaders can change school conditions by facilitating the development of proficient and culturally-competent teachers and administrators, and creating a positive school climate. Two existing frameworks were used to guide the researchers in the development of the Leadership in Diversity Continuum Model (LDCM) that can...
Trends in elderly patients' office visits for the treatment of depression according to physician specialty: 1985-1999.

Changes from 1985 to 1999 in diagnosis of depression and prescription of antidepressant medications during visits by elderly patients to primary care physicians, psychiatrists, and other specialists were examined. Using nationally representative surveys of office-based practices, estimates of the proportion of office visits by elderly patients during which a physician diagnosed depression or prescribed an antidepressant medication were obtained. Between 1985 and 1993–1994, a significant increase in the rate of depression diagnosis was seen, but no change was observed between 1993–1994 and 1998–1999. Rates of prescribing of antidepressants more than doubled between 1985 and 1998–1999. The majority of depression visits and visits where an antidepressant was prescribed were to primary care physicians in all time periods examined. Primary care depression treatment initiatives should place greater emphasis on elderly patients.
The Structure and Electrical Properties of Au Contacts to GaAs

The structure and electrical properties of Au contacts to GaAs have been studied by analytical and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with electrical characterization and photoemission spectroscopy (PES). The contacts were prepared by in-situ deposition of Au onto ultra-high vacuum cleaved n-GaAs (110) surfaces. The effects of annealing on the electrical, morphological and chemical properties of the Au:GaAs contacts were studied. It was shown that the formation of Schottky contacts is correlated with the change in stoichiometry of the GaAs substrate near the Au/GaAs interface. The change to Ohmic behavior for the samples annealed above Au-Ga eutectic was explained by leakage currents at the periphery of the devices. TEM micrographs of the structures revealed the existence of elongated Au crystallites on the GaAs surface at the periphery of the contacts. These leakage currents were eliminated by removing the current path at the periphery using a mesa-etch.
Writing instruction or destruction: Lessons to be learned from fourth-grade teachers' perspectives on teaching writing

The purpose of this study was to examine fourth-grade teachers’ self-assessments of their perceptions about writing development and writing instruction. The authors surveyed fourth-grade teachers within one large school district in the Southeastern United States. Utilizing quantitative and qualitative methodologies, they analyzed the teachers’ self-assessments of their instructional practices with regard to writing. They found that the teachers revealed a wide range of statements about writing instruction with fluctuating perspectives about how writing develops. In addition, there was evidence that the state curriculum and the writing test dictated the teachers’instructional practice. As a result, many teachers revealed discrepancies between their perspectives about writing development and their instructional practices. The authors suggest there are lessons to be learned for all teacher educators from this scenario.
The clinical significance of medial arterial calcification in end-stage renal disease in women

Medial arterial calcification is common in advanced kidney disease but its impact on cardiovascular disease is uncertain because imaging techniques used to date cannot reliably distinguish it from atherosclerotic calcification. We have previously shown that breast arterial calcification (BAC) is exclusively medial and is a marker of generalized medial calcification in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Therefore, the presence of BAC on mammograms in 202 women with ESRD (mean duration 4.1 years) was correlated with cardiovascular events to determine the clinical significance of medial arterial calcification. BAC was found in 58% of the study participants and was significantly associated with age, diabetes, and ESRD duration. Both coronary artery (27 vs. 15%) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD; 19 vs. 4%) were more likely in patients with BAC but only the latter persisted after accounting for other factors (odds ratio 4.6; 95% confidence interval 1.2–15). In 142 women without clinical events before mammography, BAC was associated with a greater incidence of new PAD events (13 vs. 3%) but not coronary artery disease events (11 vs. 11%). Thus, BAC is strongly and independently associated with PAD in women with ESRD and may be predictive of clinical events. This suggests that medial arterial calcification is a clinically significant lesion that may contribute to the accelerated PAD in ESRD.
Selective hydrogenation of acetylene in the presence of ethylene on zeolite-supported bimetallic catalysts

Novel catalysts were synthesized by supporting Pd-based bimetallic catalysts on Na+-exchanged β-zeolites to achieve higher selectivity for the hydrogenation of acetylene in the presence of ethylene at room temperature. Batch reactor studies carried out using infrared spectroscopy show that Pd–Ag bimetallic catalysts have higher selectivity for acetylene hydrogenation in the presence of ethylene than either Pd or Ag monometallic catalysts. Kinetic modeling of the reaction data reveals significant differences in the hydrogenation rate constants and adsorption equilibrium constants. The influence of the Na+-β-zeolite support is compared with traditional γ-Al2O3-supported catalysts. The Na+-β-zeolite-supported catalysts exhibit higher selectivity than their γ-Al2O3 counterparts. Overall, zeolite-supported Pd–Ag bimetallic catalyst was found to have the highest selectivity of the catalysts studied.
Weight loss during chronic, cervical vagus nerve stimulation in depressed patients with obesity: an observation

Fourteen patients were treated over 2 years with cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for adjunctive therapy of severe, treatment-resistant depression. Here, we report the serendipitous observation that this treatment was associated with highly significant, gradual weight loss despite the patients’ report of not dieting or exercising. The weight loss was proportional to the initial BMI, that is, the more severe the obesity, the greater the weight loss. Weight loss did not correlate with changes in mood symptoms. The vagus nerve carries visceral information to and from the brain; modulation of its activity may alter eating behavior. Chronic cervical VNS may merit controlled study for the treatment of severe obesity.
Putative mechanism of hemorrhage-induced leukocyte hyporesponsiveness: induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3.

Background: After hemorrhagic shock, macrophages are less responsive to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regarding cytokine production and receptor expression. However, mechanisms responsible for this are poorly understood. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins have been found to play a prominent role in LPS tolerance and cytokine desensitization in macrophages. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether hemorrhagic shock induced SOCS expression. Methods: Male C3H/HeN mice were subjected to hemorrhage or sham hemorrhage. Twenty-four hours after each procedure, tissues were harvested, the cells were processed for protein, and SOCS expression was examined. Results: Our data show that SOCS-1 expression does not change after hemorrhage, but SOCS-3 is up-regulated in a tissue and cell population (e.g., macrophage)-specific manner. Conclusion: These data suggest that cytokines or other inflammatory mediators present during the first 24 hours after the induction of shock have the ability to induce tolerance to LPS or cytokines and suppress the function of immune cells by up-regulating SOCS-3.
Tool life in cold forging – an example of design improvement to increase service life

Abstract The production cost for cold forgings depends significantly on the tool life. This paper summarizes an investigation of different alternatives to improve the life of a tungsten carbide insert used in a cold forming operation performed on an automatic cold header. These alternatives were as follows: (a) double tapered insert, (b) split insert design, and (c) change of insert material. Although, the techniques were applied to a specific case, they might he applicable to other cold forging tooling. To improve the life of the insert, the metal flow and stress analysis of the carbide insert was conducted using the commercial FEM software DEFORM .
Preferences of adolescent girls regarding adjunctive pelvic examination techniques

Abstract The responses of 50 adolescent girls to several techniques designed to augment the pelvic examination were recorded. The results suggest that young women possess a wide spectrum of opinions regarding methods employed during the gynecological evaluation. Suggestions for attending to these individual preferences are presented.
p53 tumor suppressor oncogene expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx

Background. Although abnormalities of the p53 tumor suppressor oncogene system are being detected in many human cancers, the frequency and prognostic significance of such events in squamous cell cancer of the head and neck remain unknown. Methods. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on archival tumor tissue taken from 43 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx. Statistical analyses examining potential associations between p53 oncoprotein accumulation and various clinicopathologic parameters (including survival) were conducted. Results. Sixteen (37%) tumors demonstrated strong specific staining for p53. Patients whose tumors stained strongly for p53 were significantly younger, presented at a more advanced clinical disease stage, and tended to have increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (P = 0.056). There was no correlation between p53 expression and the incidence of multiple primary cancers, tumor grade, DNA ploidy, or percent of S-phase. Median survival times were 11.6 months and 18.0 months for the p53-positive and p53-negative groups (NS). A Cox regression analysis confirmed the lack of significance of p53 in overall survival. Conclusions. These data suggest that although abnormalities of the p53 oncoprotein are common in this cancer, this finding is of little clinical significance.
Feminist Attitudes and Support for Gender Equality: Opinion Change in Women and Men, 1974–1998

This article examines attitudes related to feminism and gender equality by evaluating the trends in, and determinants of women and men's attitudes from 1974 to 1998. Past accounts suggest two clusters of explanations based on interests and exposure. Using these, we examine opinions on abortion, sexual behavior, public sphere gender roles, and family responsibilities. We find that attitudes have continued to liberalize and converge with the exception of abortion attitudes. The determinants of feminist opinion vary across domains, but have been largely stable. While not identical, the predictors of men and women's opinions are similar The results suggest the need for more attention to the mechanisms underlying the production of feminist opinions and theoretical integration of both interests and exposure in a dynamic process.
Luminescence study on determination of the hydration number of Cm(III)

A luminescence study of Cm(III) has shown a linear correlation between the decay constant kobs (the reciprocal of the excited-state lifetime) and the number of water molecules nH2o in the first coordination sphere of complexes. From measurements of kobs of Cm3+ in D2OH2O solutions and of Cm(III) doped lanthanum compounds, the following correlation for kobs (ms−1) vs. nH2o was established: nH2o = 0.65kobs − 0.88. This relationship was applied to study of the residual hydration of Cm(III) complexes of polyaminopolycarboxylate ligands. The hydration number of Cm(III) in these complexes is apparently larger than that of Eu(III).
Is There a Role for Surgery in the Management of Giant B‐Cell Right Atrial Lymphoma?

We describe a case of a giant right atrial large B-cell lymphoma treated with initial surgical excision followed by postoperative chemotherapy. The patient had no clinical evidence of recurrence through 87 months after her hospital discharge. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of long-term survival following this method of disease management. The discussion reviews the current status of chemotherapy for cardiac lymphomas and the pros and cons of treatment option algorithms. (J Card Surg 2011;26:166-168)
Phonon-assisted sequential tunneling in biased quantum well structures

Abstract We present a theoretical analysis of electron and hole escape mechanisms from a quantum well (QW) in an external electric field. The influence of carriers and dopant ion charges on the band structure is simulated with a self-consistent Poisson-Schrodinger solver. A new escape mechanism called the phonon-assisted sequential tunneling is proposed as an alternative to direct tunneling and thermionic emission from the QW ground state. Our calculation shows that at high forward biases, POP phonon-assisted sequential tunneling and thermionic emission dominate the electron and hole escape times. At high reverse biases, direct electron tunneling from the QW ground state to the reservoir determines the turn-off time constant, while heavy holes take a longer time to escape than electrons.
Use of a parallel, pipelined, event processor in a massive dimuon experiment

Abstract We have constructed and operated a high-speed parallel pipelined event processor, used to trigger data acquisition in a massive muon pair experiment at Fermilab. The processor is constructed of simple, general-purpose modules designed to operate on 16-bit data words synchronously and in parallel at speeds up to 40 MHz. It uses information from hodoscopes and wire chambers to reconstruct tracks in the bend view of a magnetic spectrometer, calculating an approximation to transverse momentum (pt) for each track and mass for the most massive pair in an event. Its algorithm is designed to find tracks originating in the target and reject tracks originating in the beam dump. Under typical running conditions, the processor rejects over 80% of lower-level triggers, while maintaining efficiency near 90% for massive muon pairs produced in the target.
DOUBLE IMMUNODIFFUSION WITH AGAR-COATED PLASTIC FILM BASE.

Summary Double immunodiffusion with agar-coated plastic film base has been found in our laboratories to be an extremely, versatile system. Not only is it possible to use the plastic for immunodiffusion, but as previously reported it is ideally suited for electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis. The plastic is clear, resists most the solvents used in histochemistry, is easily photographed, copied with Xerox 914, or Proto-Printer, and can be stored in binders or loose-leaf notebooks along with all the important information involving a particular study. The advantage of using a single sheet to carry out multiple micro immuno-precipitin tests is emphasized. Resume Nous avons trouve que les immunodiffusions doubles en gelose d'agar sur des films en plastic sont des systemes extremement agreables et utiles. Non seulement on peut utiliser ces films plastic revetus de gelose d'agar pour l'immunodiffusion, mais, comme il l'a ete demontre precedemment, on peut les utiliser egalement, avec beaucoup d'avantages, pour l'analyse electrophoretique et immunoelectropho-retique. Ces plastics sont clairs, resistent le plus souvent aux solvants utilises en histochimie, peuvent etre photographies facilement, peuvent etre photocopies avec le Xerox 914 ou le Proto-Printer et peuvent etre conserves de telle maniere qu'ils peuvent donner toutes les informations importantes en ce qui concerne une etude particuliere. Les auteurs discutent de l'avantage de l'utilisation d'une seule feuille comportant toute une serie de tests d'immunoprecipitation. Zusammenfassung In unseren Laboratorien hat sich die Doppel-Immunodiffusion auf agarbedeckten Kunststoff-Filmfolien als auserst vielfaltig verwendbare Methode bewahrt. Der Kunststoff kann nicht nur fur die Immunodiffusion verwendet werden; er eignet sich, wie bereits mitgeteilt, ebenso sehr fur die Durchfuhrung von Elektrophoresen und Immunoelektrophoresen. Der Kunststoff ist durchsichtig und widersteht den meisten in der Histochemie gebrauchten Losungsmitteln. Die erhaltenen Bilder konnen leicht photographiert oder mit dem Xerox 914 oder dem Proto-Printer kopiert werden. Auserdem konnen sie zusammen mit alien zugehorigen Daten in Ordnern oder Loseblatt-Notizbuchern aufbewahrt werden. Im weiteren wird auf den Vorteil hingewiesen, das auf einer einzigen Folie zahlreiche Mikro-Immun-prazipitationstests vorgenommen werden konnen.
Quality of Life at the End of Life for Nursing Home Residents: Perceptions of Hospice and Nursing Home Staff Members

This study examined whether the perceptions of nursing staff members about the importance of quality-of-life domains and their perceived ability to influence those domains for residents at the end of life were affected by their institutional affiliation, level of training, or residents' cognitive status. Respondents were 146 Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs) and Registered Nurses (RNs) from nursing homes and hospices. Magnitude estimation scales were used to rate the importance of and perceived ability to influence 11 quality-of-life domains for both cognitively intact and cognitively impaired residents. Overall, respondents' scores indicated a high level of importance of all quality-of-life domains and similarly positive perceptions that they could influence quality-of-life domains for hypothetical nursing home residents. Analysis of variance revealed that respondents reported lower average importance and ability to influence ratings when considering residents with cognitive impairment. Respondents affiliated with hospice agencies also reported lower average importance and ability to influence ratings on some domains, although the high ratings overall limit the clinical significance of these differences. Importance ratings were not affected by the level of education, but CNAs reported higher perceived ability to influence ratings on four domains than did RNs. Future studies should explore whether the domains measured adequately capture the end-of-life experience in nursing homes.
Further evidence for macromolecular nature of human C'1.

C′l activity of human complement has been shown by Lepow et al.1 to require three chromatographically isolated proteins: C′lq, C′lr and C′ls. The C′lq component was identical to the 11S protein, originally described by Muller-Eberhard and Kunkel2 and Taranta et al.3. C′lr was a previously undescribed protein and C′ls the known pro-esterase. Further experiments demonstrated that these sub-components formed a macromolecule in the presence of calcium with a sedimentation coefficient of 18, whereas in sodium ethylenamine tetraacetate (NaEDTA), C′l dissociated into its three sub-components, C′lq, C′lr and C′ls (ref. 4), with sedimentation coefficients of 11S, 7S and 4S, respectively. The macromolecular nature of C′l was obtained by haemolytic data alone, and so the following experiments were designed to demonstrate these differences in sedimentation utilizing an antiserum specific for the 11S protein or C′lq.
Effects of nonionic surfactants on the cell surface hydrophobicity and apparent hamaker constant of a Sphingomonas sp.

Nonionic surfactants of the form CxEy were studied for their ability to alter the cell surface hydrophobicity and apparent Hamaker constants of a Sphingomonas sp. Through contact angle measurements on hydrated and dried bacterial lawns, it was found that the cell surface hydrophobicity changed systematically with both the alkyl (x) and polyoxyethylene (y) chain lengths. While differences in contact angles were observed between hydrated and dried lawns, they could not be attributed to the mere presence or absence of water, suggesting that reorientation of cell surface components may occur during drying. All surfactants examined reduced the hydrophilicity of the bacterial cell surface, with one surfactant (C18E10) making the cells hydrophobic. Effective bacterial Hamaker constants for bacteria interacting across a vacuum (Abb) and water (Abwb) and bacteria interacting in water with quartz sand (Abws) were calculated from the contact angles. It was found that the surfactants have the potential to reduce the ...
Sotalol for refractory arrhythmias in pediatric and young adult patients: Initial efficacy and long-term outcome☆

Abstract Sotalol is an antiarrhythmic medication that has properties of both a β-blocker and a class III agent and has been used safely and effectively to treat arrhythmias of multiple mechanisms in pediatric patients. The purpose of this study was to review our institutional experience with sotalol in 45 patients with refractory arrhythmias and determine their long-term outcome. Patients responded to sotalol with 80% efficacy and a 22% incidence of adverse side effects. The mean sotalol dose was 116 mg/m 2 /day, and the average duration of therapy was 15.2 months. In spite of 80% efficacy, only 22% of patients remained on sotalol long-term. Sotalol was discontinued most commonly for either spontaneous resolution of disease or definitive cure by radiofrequency ablation. Other reasons for discontinuation of effective therapy included adverse side effects and arrhythmia control with either an antitachycardia pacemaker or another medication. One patient died while taking sotalol, but this case was considered a failure of treatment rather than an adverse side effect. Of the patients who still receive therapy, several have complex structural heart disease and require a combination of therapies, including sotalol, for adequate rhythm control.
Myocardial perfusion changes following 1 year of exercise training assessed by thallium-201 circumferential count profiles

The effect of exercise training on myocardial perfusion was assessed using initial and 1-year thallium-201 (Tl-201) exercise studies in 56 patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Subjects had been randomized into a trained group participating in supervised exercise three times per week and a control group. Indices (non-dimensional units) based on computer-analyzed circumferential count profile from nine regions of the heart, assessed in three projections, were used to eliminate observer bias and more accurately quantitate Tl-201 distribution and 4-hour washout. There was serial improvement of the global distribution count profiles in 21 of 27 (77.8%) of the trained and in 9 of 29 (31.0%) of the control subjects (p less than 0.001). The mean interval change in global initial distribution over the year period was 5 +/- 13 (mean +/- SD) in the trained and -6 +/- 14 in the control groups (p less than 0.003). The mean initial distribution of the trained group had improvement in all nine regions (significant in three), while the control group showed mean improvement in only one of nine regions. Additionally, the trained group showed improvement in the mean washout in five of nine regions (significant in three), while no mean regional washout improvement occurred in the control group. Thus, in this group of patients with stable CAD, exercise training resulted in apparently improved cardiac perfusion evidenced by enhance Tl-201 uptake and washout.
Value of Corn Distillers Dried Grains, Soybean Oil Meal, Heated Soybeans, and Soybean Oil Meal Plus Starch for Milk Production

Summary Corn distillers dried grains were compared with different soybean products in concentrate mixtures for milking cows. Solvent extracted soybean oil meal and corn distillers dried grains with solubles were approximately equal in value when they supplied the primary supplemental protein in a concentrate mixture. When heated soybeans, containing all of the fat, were used to furnish an equal amount of protein, cows produced 2.5 lb. more milk daily and the milk was 0.14 percentage unit lower in fat content than with solvent extracted soybean oil meal. The addition of purified starch to the concentrate in an amount to furnish energy equal to the fat in the heated soybeans had no significant effect on milk yield or the fat percentage of the milk.
Adverse incentives in the taxation of foreigners

Abstract Sovereign policymakers will opt for too much of the public good if their tax falls partially on foreigners. They myopically calculate that an increase in public spending is only partially financed by a decrease in home consumption; the rest comes from foreign consumption, which they do not care about. This paper presents an example with seignorage taxes. In a two-country model with cash-in-advance constraints, the inefficiency is characterized by an inflation bias, too much public spending, and large fiscal deficits. Curiously, the countries most able to impose such taxes seem to have abstained from doing so.
Prospects for Peircean Truth

Peircean Truth (PT) is the view that truth is in some sense epistemically constrained, constrained that is by what we would, if we inquired long enough and well enough, eventually come to believe. Contemporary Peirceans offer various different formulations of the view, which can make it difficult, particularly for critics, to see exactly how PT differs from popular alternatives such as correspondence theories or deflationism. This article, therefore, considers four possible formulations of PT, and sets out the different objections and challenges they each face and their relationships with one another. I focus upon the question of what, if anything, PT has to say about the property of truth.