cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An electron spin resonance study of ISE SOI processed structures

Summary form only given. The electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements show the presence of an orientation-dependent resonance near g=2.005. Preliminary ESR measurements indicate quite strongly that the resonance is primarily due to a (rather low) density of P/sub bo/ centers. The P/sub bo/ center is a trivalent silicon defect at a Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface with an unpaired electron in an approximately sp/sup 3/ hybridized orbital pointing out into the oxide. The P/sub b/ centers are interface-state defects with two levels in the silicon band gap. The ESR results must be viewed as preliminary in nature. They do however, indicate that these SOI structures exhibit relatively low defect densities. ESR results obtained in SIMOX (separation by implantation of oxygen) SIMOX and ISE (isolated silicon epitaxy) SOI structures are compared and etchback studies are used to determine whether or not other dangling bond centers may be present in the ISE silicon. >
Gender Differences in Worry During Medical School

Objectives This research examined worry in medical students at various stages of training with reference to worries related to academic and clinical training, finances and relationships with peers. The study focused on gender differences in worries, testing the notion that being married or being in a long-term or cohabitating relationship with a partner would be linked to increased worry among women, but decreased worry among men. Additional goals included examining the relationship between worry and the seeking of counselling, and investigating the disadvantage for medical students associated with living with parents. Methods Data collected serially on class cohorts at one western US medical school yielded 868 responses from medical students, which were analysed using general linear models, generalised linear models and generalised estimation equations. Results Among four types of worry, academic and financial worries were similarly dominant (p < 0.001); financial worries were found to increase over the course of medical training (p < 0.001). Men reported more worry than women (p < 0.001). Gender differences were qualified by marital status (p = 0.007). Being married was linked to higher levels of academic and financial worry among women, whereas for men marriage was linked to lower academic, but higher financial worry (p < 0.001). Living with parents was always associated with a higher level of worry (p < 0.0001). Married male students were more likely to seek counselling than unmarried male students, whereas this pattern was reversed for female students (p = 0.002). Conclusions This study confirms that both academic and financial stress represent the greatest sources of worry in medical students. It also represents the first research to demonstrate higher levels of worry in male than female medical students, which may be evidence of women's increased representation in the medical school population. These data also support the persistence of traditional gender roles in the marriages of medical students; marriage is related to an increased psychological burden in women in comparison with men.
Rapid and Simple Kinetics Screening Assay for Electrophilic Dermal Sensitizers Using Nitrobenzenethiol

The need for alternatives to animal-based skin sensitization testing has spurred research on the use of in vitro, in silico, and in chemico methods. Glutathione and other select peptides have been used to determine the reactivity of electrophilic allergens to nucleophiles, but these methods are inadequate to accurately measure rapid kinetics observed with many chemical sensitizers. A kinetic spectrophotometric assay involving the reactivity of electrophilic sensitizers to nitrobenzenethiol was evaluated. Stopped-flow techniques and conventional UV spectrophotometric measurements enabled the determination of reaction rates with half-lives ranging from 0.4 ms (benzoquinone) to 46.2 s (ethyl acrylate). Rate constants were measured for seven extreme, five strong, seven moderate, and four weak/nonsensitizers. Seventeen out of the 23 tested chemicals were pseudo-first order, and three were second order. In three out of the 23 chemicals, deviations from first and second order were apparent where the chemicals ex...
On the asymptotics of the minimax redundancy arising in a universal coding

Let x/sup n/ denote a sequence built over a finite alphabet A, and let P(x/sup n/;w) be the probability of x/sup n/ generated by the source w. We define a uniquely decodable code /spl phi/(x/sup n/) of length |/spl phi/(x/sup n/)|=-logQ(x/sup n/) where Q(/spl middot/) is an arbitrary probability distribution on A/sup n/. The cumulative redundancy of the encoding x/sup n/ at the output of a source w is defined as p(x/sup n/;/spl phi//sub n/,w):=-logQ(x/sup n/)+logP(x/sup n/). Finally, let us consider a set of sources /spl Omega/, and define the minimax redundancy as p/sub n/(/spl Omega/):=inf/sub /spl phi/n/sup/sub w/spl isin//spl Omega//max/sub xn/spl isin/An/{p(x/sup n/;/spl phi//sub n/,w)}. We study asymptotically /spl rho//sub n/(/spl Omega/) for memoryless sources via analytic methods.
Optimal Control Approach for Turning Process Planning Optimization

This paper considers the optimal process planning of turning operations where the machining time is minimized subject to a variety of equipment and process constraints. A new approach is proposed, in which virtual dynamics are incorporated, the process planning problem is formulated as a time-optimal dynamic system control problem, and optimal control tools are applied. The independent variable is changed from time to the instantaneous machined length to convert the time-optimal control problem to a finite-horizon control problem. Process and equipment constraints are incorporated using penalty terms in the cost function based on an approximation of the constrained variables. A recently developed method, called the Finite-horizon State Dependent Riccati Equation (Finite-SDRE), is used to solve the problem for the single tool turning process. Then, the developed method is extended and applied to parallel turning operations. Simulation studies are conducted to analyze the performance of the method for single-tool and parallel-tool turning operations, and the proposed method is shown to be very effective for solving such process planning problems.
Sequential Dependencies in Driving

The effect of recent experience on current behavior has been studied extensively in simple laboratory tasks. We explore the nature of sequential effects in the more naturalistic setting of automobile driving. Driving is a safety-critical task in which delayed response times may have severe consequences. Using a realistic driving simulator, we find significant sequential effects in pedal-press response times that depend on the history of recent stimuli and responses. Response times are slowed up to 100 ms in particular cases, a delay that has dangerous practical consequences. Further, we observe a significant number of history-related pedal misapplications, which have recently been noted as a cause for concern in the automotive safety community. By anticipating these consequences of sequential context, driver assistance systems could mitigate the effects of performance degradations and thus critically improve driver safety.
Film digitization aliasing artifacts caused by grid line patterns

Sampling a radiographic film containing grid line patterns during digitization may produce aliasing artifacts (Moire pattern). The authors propose a mathematical model based on the laser spot size of the digitizer, the distance and the angle between the grid line and the sampling direction to predict the amplitudes and the frequencies of aliasing artifacts. The predicted results are compared to the experimental results. Effective ways of avoiding or reducing aliasing artifacts without sacrificing too much image quality are proposed. >
Binding Kinetics of Calbindin-D28k Determined by Flash Photolysis of Caged Ca2+

We have used UV flash photolysis of DM-nitrophen in combination with model-based analysis of Oregon Green 488 BAPTA-5N fluorescence transients to study the kinetics of Ca(2+) binding to calbindin-D(28K). The experiments used saturated DM-nitrophen at a [Ca(2+)] of 1.5 microM. Under these conditions, UV laser flashes produced rapid steplike increases in [Ca(2+)] in the absence of calbindin-D(28K), and in its presence the decay of the flash-induced fluorescence was due solely to the Ca(2+) buffering by the protein. We developed a novel method for kinetic parameter derivation and used the synthetic Ca(2+) buffer EGTA to confirm its validity. We provide evidence that calbindin-D(28K) binds Ca(2+) in at least two distinct kinetic patterns, one arising from high-affinity sites that bind Ca(2+) with a k(on) comparable to that of EGTA (i.e., approximately 1 x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1)) and another with lower affinity and an approximately eightfold faster k(on). In view of the inability of conventional approaches to adequately resolve rapid Ca(2+) binding kinetics of Ca(2+) buffers, this method promises to be highly valuable for studying the Ca(2+) binding properties of other biologically important Ca(2+) binding proteins.
Conformational search of peptides and proteins: Monte Carlo minimization with an adaptive bias method applied to the heptapeptide deltorphin

The energy function of a protein consists of a tremendous number of minima. Locating the global energy minimum (GEM) structure, which corresponds approximately to the native structure, is a severe problem in global optimization. Recently we have proposed a conformational search technique based on the Monte Carlo minimization (MCM) method of Li and Scheraga, where trial dihedral angles are not selected at random within the range (180°,180°) (as with MCM) but with biased probabilities depending on the increased structure-energy correlations as the GEM is approached during the search. This method, called the Monte Carlo minimization with an adaptive bias (MCMAB), was applied initially to the pentapeptide Leu-enkephalin. Here we study its properties further by applying it to the larger peptide with bulky side chains, deltorphin (H-Tyr-D-Met-Phe-His-Leu-Met-Asp-NH2). We find that on average the number of energy minimizations required by MCMAB to locate the GEM for the first time is smaller by a factor of approximately three than the number required by MCM—in accord with results obtained for Leu-enkephalin.
Effective velocity of transport in curved wall boundary layers

An alternative to simple gradient diffusion hypothesis for turbulence transport in a boundary layer is the finite velocity of transport hypothesis. The applicability and implications of the latter are examined utilising a simple and direct framework, the large eddy interaction model with eddy-eddy interactions accounting for anisotropic transport, in the case of five variously curved wall boundary-layer flows. The development of the turbulence structure including orientation of large eddies is predicted along the flow. It is also shown that the Large Eddy Interaction Model framework explains the manner in which turbulence relaxes following sudden curvature removal.
Cardiovascular system in larval zebrafish responds to developmental hypoxia in a family specific manner

Background Genetic and environmental variation are both known to influence development. Evolution of a developmental response that is optimized to the environment (adaptive plasticity) requires the existence of genetic variation for that developmental response. In complex traits composed of integrated sets of subsidiary traits, the adaptive process may be slowed by the existence of multiple possible integrated responses. This study tests for family (sibship) specific differences in plastic response to hypoxia in an integrated set of cardiovascular traits in zebrafish.
Multiple-pass water reuse. Low-pressure membranes have definite advantages for the treatment of metal-processing wastewaters and acid mine water

Low-pressure membranes have definite advantages for the treatment of metal-processing wastewaters and acid mine water. The membrane processes are evaluated in terms of obtaining maximum water recovery (greater than 90%), proper ultrafiltrate quality, multiple-pass water reuse, and concentrate recycle. Various multi-salt solutions containing heavy metals (including cyanide complexes), and acid mine waters have been extensively investigated with a bench-scale unit, and a computer simulation model has been used to scale-up from the laboratory data. Water reuse models are presented for multiple passes. 9 references, 12 figures, 3 tables. (JMT)
The future of intravenous iron in nephrology

Management of anaemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients can be difficult and expensive. The recently completed Trial to Reduce Cardiovascular Events with Aranesp Therapy (TREAT), the largest double-blinded trial of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) treatment in CKD to date, provides us with a wealth of new information on the natural history of anaemia in Stage 3 and 4 CKD and the risks and benefits of use of ESAs. This section will discuss some of the TREAT trial results in the context of other recent studies of ESAs and intravenous iron in CKD patients. It will also review applying those results when choosing anaemia goals for an individual, and determining if iron therapy might improve anaemia.
Late onset GM2 gangliosidosis: an α‐locus genetic compound with near normal hexosaminidase activity

A non-Jewish child with late onset GM2 gangliosidosis is described. Tissues from the patient had near normal hexosaminidase A (hex A) activity using 4-methylumbelliferyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside (MU-glcNAc) as substrate, and deficient activity when assayed with the 6-sulphate derivative of MU-glcNAc (MU-glcNAcS) or GM2 in the presence of activator. We present evidence that this patient is a genetic compound for different alpha-subunit mutations. The father's tissues have hex A activity in the heterozygote range when assayed with MU-glcNAcS, but normal activity using MU-glcNAc; the mother's tissues have activities toward both substrates in the heterozygote range. These results emphasize the pitfalls of using only MU-glcNAc for the diagnosis of unusual variants of GM2 gangliosidosis.
An integrated simulation environment for design and analysis of mobile communication systems

A simulation environment for the analysis and design of RF communication systems from the link level down to the nonlinear circuit level was developed. The integrated simulation environment supports block diagram representations, multirate sampling, and an interactive graphical user interface. It permits the incorporation of sophisticated user models of individual blocks, in a mixed time-domain and frequency-domain environment. The simulation of a multichannel mobile communication system is presented. Large-signal nonlinear distortion effects due to the RF receiver front end, such as harmonic distortion, intermodulation distortion, and spurious noise, were obtained using the integrated link-level and circuit-level simulation environment. Results of large-signal effects on adjacent channel interference and signal-to-noise ratio are also presented. >
Dissolution or growth of soluble spherical oscillating bubbles: the effect of surfactants

A new theoretical formulation is developed for the effects of surfactants on mass transport across the dynamic interface of a bubble which undergoes spherically symmetric volume oscillations. Owing to the presence of surfactants, the Henry's law boundary condition is no longer applicable; it is replaced by a flux boundary condition that features an interfacial resistance that depends on the concentration of surfactant molecules on the interface. The driving force is the disequilibrium partitioning of the gas between free and dissolved states across the interface. As in the clean surface problem analysed recently (Fyrillas & Szeri 1994), the transport problem is split into two parts: the smooth problem and the oscillatory problem. The smooth problem is treated using the method of multiple scales. An asymptotic solution to the oscillatory problem, valid in the limit of large Peclet number, is developed using the method of matched asymptotic expansions. By requiring that the outer limit of the inner approximation match zero, the splitting into smooth and oscillatory problems is determined unambiguously in successive powers of [weierp ]−1/2, where [weierp ] is the Peclet number. To leading order, the clean surface solution is recovered. Continuing to higher order it is shown that the concentration field depends on RI[weierp ]−1/2, where RI is the (dimensionless) interfacial resistance associated with the presence of surfactants. Although the influence of surfactants appears at higher order in the small parameter, surfactants are shown to have a very significant effect on bubble growth rates owing to the fact that the magnitude of RI is approximately the same as the magnitude of [weierp ]1/2 at conditions of practical interest. Hence the higher-order ‘corrections’ happen numerically to be of the same magnitude as the leading-order, clean surface problem. This is the fundamental reason for major increases in the bubble growth rates associated with the addition of surfactants. This is in contrast to the case of a still, surfactant-covered bubble, in which the first-order correction to the growth rate is of order RI[weierp ]−1 and presents a [weierp ]−1/2 correction. Finally, although existing experimental results have shown only enhancement of bubble growth in the presence of a surfactant the present theory suggests that it is possible for a surfactant, characterized by weak dependence of interfacial resistance on surface concentration, to inhibit rather than enhance the growth of bubbles by rectified diffusion.
Comprehensive Pediatric Management of Failure to Thrive: An Interdisciplinary Approach

The variety of medical, nutritional and psychosocial causes of FTT necessitate a comprehensive approach to the evaluation of this problem. The utilization of a multidisciplinary team allows each professional to contribute his or her area of expertise to the maximum. This model of care equates FTT with a puzzle, for which each team member obtains one piece. This chapter describes the evaluation process, management strategies, and results of a pediatric clinic established for the assessment of children with FTT.
Exhaust chemistry of low-NOx, low-PM diesel combustion

The exhaust chemistry of combustion regimes characterized by simultaneous low-NOx and low-PM emissions were investigated on a Mercedes 1.7-L diesel engine. Two approaches for entering low-NOx low-PM regimes were explored using a California specification low aromatic certification diesel fuel. Detailed characterizations of gas-phase hydrocarbons, particulate soluble organics, and aldehydes are presented for both approaches. Results indicate significant formation of partially oxygenated hydrocarbons and fuel reformation products during periods of low-NOx, low-PM combustion.
On degree-based topological descriptors of strong product graphs

Topological descriptors are numerical parameters of a graph that characterize its topology and are usually graph invariant. In a QSAR/QSPR study, physicochemical properties and topological indices ...
Abstract A50: Black raspberry treatment in FAP patients shows re‐expression of methylation‐silenced genes

In a clinical trial, we found that freeze‐dried black raspberry (BRB) powder reduced the number of rectal polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The present study was undertaken to determine if the berries influenced the growth and apoptosis of cells in rectal polyps. In addition, because the p16 tumor suppressor gene is inactivated by methylation in greater than 60 percent of colon tumors, we examined the levels of both p16 and of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression in normal and polyp specimens. DNMT1 has been shown to be overly expressed in cultured human colon cancer cell lines and this correlated with silencing of the p16 gene. Polyps and normal tissues were obtained from FAP patients before and after 36 weeks of berry treatment. Immunohistochemical staining for Ki‐67 and c‐MYC showed that cell proliferation was significantly reduced by berry treatment in both normal rectum and in rectal polyps. TUNEL staining for apoptosis was observed to increase significantly in both normal rectum and in rectal polyps. There was a significant decrease in DNMT1 expression and an increase in p16 expression in berry‐treated normal and polyp specimens. These results suggest that nine months of black raspberry treatment resulted in reduced cell proliferation, increased apoptosis and p16 gene expression and decreased DNMT1 expression in both normal and polyp specimens taken from FAP patients. The p16/DNMT1 data suggest that black raspberries may act as a demethylating agent and should be further evaluated for their effects on the methylation status of other candidate tumor suppressor genes in colonic polyps and tumors. This research was supported by NCI grant CA103180 and USDA grant 38903‐03560. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A50.
Dietary-Induced Secretion of Sex Pheromone and Development of Sexual Behavior in the Stahle Fly12

When stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), were fed daily meals of citrated bovine blood or a glucose-saline mixture (Gatorade™), only the blood-fed flies produced cuticular hydrocarbons which are the female sex pheromone. Furthermore, only the blood diet induced sexual behavior. Male blood-fed flies displayed copulatory behavior when paired with female blood-fed flies, whereas male Gatorade flies were unresponsive to pheromone stimulation. Female Gatorade flies treated with sex pheromone extract were also attractive to male blood-fed flies, but were unreceptive to insemination despite male copulatory activity.
Pseudoameloblastomatous Changes in the Wall of a Radicular Cyst

A periapical soft-tissue lesion from a maxillary bicuspid root tip was studied histologically. The initial impression was plexiform ameloblastoma. Subsequent review of the radiographic appearance of the lesion and tissue sections from deeper within the paraffin block revealed a cystic structure. The cyst was lined by squamous epithelium, and a marked chronic inflammatory infiltrate was found in the wall. There were foci of hyperplastic squamous epithelium originating from the cyst lining and proliferating into the wall. A descriptive diagnosis for this variant of a radicular cyst is presented.
Indigenous education and the development of indigenous community leaders

The community context of education, affiliation, and affection influenced the development of American Indian leaders. In this essay, the role affection for family, community affiliation, and tribal...
Analysis Method on Designing Crank-rocker Mechanism According to the Best Transmission Angle

In order to design crank-rocker mechanism more accurately and fleetly,by utilizing the principle of designing the crank-rocker mechanism in virtue of assistant circle,this paper mathematically calculates and analyses the length of each pole of a crank-rocker mechanism,and also the relationship of several particular geometric positions when it moving,as a result,the conditions of obtaining the best transmission angle on a crank-rocker mechanism which has quick-return characteristics are given,as well as a set of analytic expressions.Basing on these material conditions,choosing different calculational formulas and adopting the method of direct calculation or computer aided design,the mechanical disposal of a crank-rocker mechanism which has the best transmission angle and quick-return characteristics could be confirmed as well as the structural sizes of each pole.
Directly-deposited blocking filters for high-performance silicon x-ray detectors

Silicon X-ray detectors often require blocking filters to mitigate noise and out-of-band signal from UV and visible backgrounds. Such filters must be thin to minimize X-ray absorption, so direct deposition of filter material on the detector entrance surface is an attractive approach to fabrication of robust filters. On the other hand, the soft (E OD 6) care must be taken to prevent light from entering the sides and mounting surfaces of the detector. Our methods have been used to deposit filters on the detectors of the REXIS instrument scheduled to fly on OSIRIS-ReX later this year.
Sizing up the Lipid Pathway in a TMEM16 Phospholipid Scramblase

Phospholipid scramblases collapse the plasma membrane lipid asymmetry, externalizing phosphatidylserine to trigger blood coagulation and mark apoptotic cells. Recently, members of the TMEM16 family were shown to function as Ca2+-dependent phospholipid scramblases as well as ion channels in cells and in reconstituted systems. The recent crystal structure of nhTMEM16 identified a hydrophilic groove, ∼11 A wide, exposed to the hydrophobic core of the membrane as the putative lipid pathway. It was proposed that lipid scrambling occurs via phospholipid headgroup-groove interactions. To test this mechanism and to gain insights into the properties of the lipid pathway we investigated whether there is a headgroup size cut-off. We generated NBD-labelled phospholipids with PEG molecules of increasing size (PEG1000-5000) attached to the headgroup and monitored scrambling by afTMEM16. We found that increasing the headgroup size up to PEG2000 (diameter ∼40 A) does not alter scrambling in high Ca2+, and even lipids conjugated to PEG5000 (diameter ∼50 A) are scrambled albeit less well. This suggests that the cut off is considerably larger than the width of the cavity. In the absence of Ca2+ TMEM16 scramblases show substantial activity. We found that the selectivity of the apo state differs from that of the bound state as they have different headgroup size selectivity: lipids conjugated with PEG2000 are poorly scrambled and PEG5000 is completely excluded. This is consistent with the idea that the activity in the apo state reflects an incomplete closure of the lipid pathway, which is narrower than in the Ca2+ bound state by ∼10 A. Taken together these results suggest that interactions between the groove and the lipid headgroup do not play a key role in scrambling or, alternatively, that in a membrane environment the cavity could be substantially wider than in the structure.
Competitive Current Modes for Tunable Ni-Sn Electrodeposition and Their Lithiation/Delithiation Properties

Li-ion battery (LIB) anodes with graded composition have the potential to relax interfacial stress and better accommodate the internal stress buildup within the anode during battery operation. A one-dimensional numerical model was developed, where the balance between two competitive current modes (electrokinetic reaction-limited current and diffusion-limited current) defines the deposit composition. The model indicated that the composition of a binary alloy deposit can be varied with overpotential, by decreasing the relative concentration of the more noble element in the plating bath. Indeed, when Ni-Sn alloy was electrodeposited from a Ni2+:Sn2+=50:1 bath, the fraction of Sn in the deposit decreased, from 0.47 to 0.13, with increasing current density. Under this plating condition, Ni-Sn deposits were prepared with uniform, discretized and gradient changes in the deposition current density. Cyclic voltammetry of these samples demonstrated both reversible and irreversible reactions with Li-ion, offering a promising premise for LIB application.
The Christian College and the Meaning of Academic Freedom

Academic freedom is an important and contested subject in academia today. Across the secular educational landscape, speech codes have been enacted to prohibit expression that is considered hate spe...
Platelets in Storage: Altered S-Nitrosothiol Metabolism and Decreased Responsiveness May Be Related.

Abstract Under normal physiologic conditions, platelets circulate in an inactivated state and require only minimal stimulation ensuring their immediate availability for hemostasis. Previous research has shown that during platelet pheresis and storage, platelets undergo early activation resulting in expression of the surface activation marker CD62, release of α granule contents, and a decrease in inducible activation. In addition to regulating vascular tone, nitric oxide (NO) groups in plasma may provide tonic inhibition to circulating platelets thereby preventing the inappropriate adhesion and aggregation seen in stored platelets. S-Nitrosothiols (RSNOs) may serve as a reservoir for nitric oxide (NO) in the normal circulation. We hypothesize that platelets are prematurely activated during the process of apheresis in part due to the lack of RSNOs in the microenvironment during collection and storage. Furthermore, RSNO metabolism by stored platelets is changed by the process of apheresis itself. To test this hypothesis, we monitored the activation status of platelets using CD62 flow cytometry and quantified intracellular NO content and uptake using the fluorescence probe diaminodifluorofluorescein diacetate (DAF-FM DA). Both measurements were made on freshly isolated platelets (Fl-Plts) and on apheresis platelets (A-Plts). In addition, we employed these techniques to evaluate the responsiveness of Fl-Plts and A-Plts to agonists [thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP), ADP, and collagen] and to NO-donating molecules after varying storage times. In preliminary studies we have found that Fl-Plts bind RSNOs and demonstrate steroselectivity in their degree of uptake. Fl-Plts incubated with L-RSNOs produce over 2-fold the fluorescence compared to Fl-Plts incubated with D-RSNOs. A-Plts lose this stereoselectivity in RSNO uptake following the collection and storage process. We have also found that A-Plts have up to a 10-fold increase in uptake of nitric oxide from RSNOs compared to Fl-Plts. This significant increase and loss of stereoselectivity in RSNO uptake in A-Plts correlates with the loss of inducible activation over storage time. These data suggest RSNO metabolism in platelets is fundamentally altered during apheresis, collection, and storage and provides a novel target with therapeutic potential for further investigation into the loss of platelet function during storage.
Stimulus familiarization and length of the anticipation interval in paired-associate learning

The performance of Ss learning a paired-associate list of low m dissyllables was compared following 0 or 60 trials of familiarization training with the stimulus units of this list. All Ss articulated these units during familiarization training. During paired-associate learning, half the Ss were required not to articulate the stimulus unit and half were required to articulate it during the 4 sec. anticipation period. Stimulus familiarization did not affect the paired-associate performance of either the articulating or nonarticulating Ss. This result contrasts with those obtained in a previous study with a 2 sec. anticipation interval where the performance of articulating Ss was facilitated and that of nonarticulating Ss inhibited by familiarization.
Palladium-Catalyzed Carbocyclizations of Unactivated Alkyl Bromides with Alkenes Involving Auto-Tandem Catalysis

The development of a general catalytic system for the palladium-catalyzed carbocyclization of unactivated alkyl bromides with alkenes is described. This approach uses a commercially available bisphosphine ligand and avoids the use of carbon monoxide atmosphere present in prior studies involving alkyl iodides. Detailed mechanistic studies of the transformation are performed, which are consistent with auto-tandem catalysis involving atom-transfer radical cyclization followed by catalytic dehydrohalogenation. These studies also suggest that reactions involving alkyl iodides may proceed through a metal-initiated, rather than metal-catalyzed, radical chain process.
Topologically Guided, Automated Construction of Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Evaluation for Energy-Related Applications

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for a range of energy and environmental applications. Here we describe in detail a computational algorithm and code to generate MOFs based on edge-transitive topological nets for subsequent evaluation via molecular simulation. This algorithm has been previously used by us to construct and evaluate 13 512 MOFs of 41 different topologies for cryo-adsorbed hydrogen storage. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations are used here to evaluate the 13 512 structures for the storage of gaseous fuels such as hydrogen and methane and nondistillative separation of xenon/krypton mixtures at various operating conditions. MOF performance for both gaseous fuel storage and xenon/krypton separation is influenced by topology. Simulation data suggest that gaseous fuel storage performance is topology-dependent due to MOF properties such as void fraction and surface area combining differently in different topologies, whereas xenon/krypton separation performance is topology...
Hop Constrained Network Design Problem with Partial Survivability

This paper studies the hop constrained network design problem with partial survivability, namely, given an undirected network, a set of point-to-point demands (commodities), and transmission link costs, identify two node disjoint paths for each demand (commodity) to minimize the total costs subject to the constraints that each demand is routed and traverses at most a specified number of links (or hops) on both the paths.
Postoperative Pain After Single-Site Versus Multiport Hysterectomy.

Background and objectives With advances in laparoscopic surgery, the goal of surgeons and patients is to minimize pain to allow for faster recovery and return to normal daily activities. One of these advances is single-site surgery. In this study, we compared postoperative pain in laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) to that in traditional multiple-incision hysterectomy. Methods Seventy patients were selected for this prospective cohort study, with 35 undergoing multiple-incision and 35 undergoing LESS hysterectomy. All patients were included who were undergoing hysterectomy with the primary surgeon. All multiport hysterectomies were performed laparoscopically. Six patients underwent LESS hysterectomy and 29 underwent robotic single-site surgery (rLESS). Patients recorded pain levels for 3 weeks after surgery on a variety of measures, including overall and incisional pain. Linear mixed effects models for repeated measures were used for all multivariate analyses, with an unstructured covariance matrix accounting for correlation between time points. Results Overall, across all time points, there was an average reduction in pain by 1.26 (SD 0.69) points in the single-site group (P = .06). Days 3 and 14 had a marginally significant reduction in pain (P = .06 and 0.058, respectively). On days 4 and 7 there was a significant reduction in overall pain (P = .04 and .04, respectively). Conclusion Based on the results, it is likely that single-site hysterectomy leads to less postoperative pain and achieves a lower pain score faster than multiport surgery. A randomized control trial is necessary to confirm these results before accepting them in clinical practice.
Polyphosphate nucleosides of purine analogues.

(Received for publication, November 17, 1958) To test the hypothesis that carcinostatic purine and pyrimi- dine analogues exert their effects at the nucleotide level, we have undertaken the preparation and study of nucleotides, including coenzymes, which contain analogues in place of the natural bases. An earlier communication from this laboratory (1) de- scribed the enzymatic synthesis and isolation of 5’-nucleotides of a number of purine analogues. The present report is con- cerned with the preparation of the polyphosphate nucleosides. This has been accomplished chemically by use of the carbodi- imide procedure (2) and enzymatically with enzymes from beef liver and pork kidney. Most of the studies described below employ the unnatural nucleotide, 8azaguanosine 5’-phosphate.
Numerical Benchmarks for Very High-Temperature Reactors Based on the CNPS Critical Experiments

An evaluation of the Compact Nuclear Power Source (CNPS) experiments conducted at Los Alamos National Laboratory in the 1980s has been done using information available in the open literature. The MCNP4C Monte Carlo results for critical test configurations are in good agreement with the experimental values; the k{sub eff} values are generally within 0.5% of the experimental values. The calculated total and differential rod worths and material worths were also found generally close to experimental values. These good results motivated the utilization of the experimental test data for the specification of two- and three-dimensional numerical benchmark cases that could be used for the verification and validation of core physics codes developed for Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) analysis, particularly the deterministic lattice and whole-core physics codes. To define the benchmark cases, the irregular arrangement of channels in the actual CNPS core was simplified to a regular Cartesian geometry arrangement in the benchmark cases, while preserving the important neutronics characteristics of the CNPS. The results of deterministic calculations using the HELIOS/DIF3D code package were compared to MCNP4C results to show the usefulness of the numerical benchmark cases.
Analyzing the Hippocampal Place Cell Phenomenon by Modeling the Central Visual Pathway

Many simulations have examined the mechanisms by which the hippocampus processes spatial information and relates that information to determine place orientation. There are currently numerous models that explain how different aspects of place determination is processed and that elucidate specific mechanisms. These studies are crucial in explaining place phenomenon since they shed light on the basic (lower) level of processing and organization that is fundamental to the understanding of more complex (higher) levels, namely the hippocampal activity in response to the location or place of the animal. Recently, a simple artificial neural network model has been developed by Sharp (1991)which effectively reproduces place cell activity. However, this model and others developed by Zipser (1985), O’Keefe (1990), McNaughton (1989) all share a common feature, namely they are very broad and nonspecific models of hippocampal activity. The present model not only shares the general, or large scale feature of these previous models, but in addition, incorporates the specific individual cell activity that is unique in all regions of the model. The simulation is written in GENESIS, a graphically oriented general purpose numerical simulator that allows modeling of realistic neuronal networks and biologically based models.
The Surgical Management Of Intra-Abdominal Inflammatory Conditions During Pregnancy

The timely diagnosis and treatment of intra-abdominal conditions during pregnancy can challenge the surgical consultant. Familiarity with the anatomic and physiologic changes present in normal pregnancy is essential, as is the knowledge of relative risk by trimester. The general surgeon will be called upon to diagnose and treat appendicitis, biliary tract disease (including pancreatitis), and liver disease. Knowledge of how these conditions become manifest is essential. The surgical consultant should be aware that virtually all complications that occur in the management of these conditions are caused by delay in the detection of the disease process.
Somatotopic organization of afferent axons in peripheral nerves

1. Physiological mapping by recording with small electrodes in the fourth root of the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) sixth abdominal ganglion demonstrates a somatotopic segregation of afferent axons associated with mechanoreceptors on the dorsal telson surface. 2. Degeneration of axons resulting from local lesions in the periphery yields patterns of axon distribution in the fourth root that approximately agree with the physiological results. 3. Physiological studies of the fifth root of the sixth ganglion demonstrate a similar segregation of fibers associated with the more caudal and more medial mechanoreceptors on the dorsal telson surface. 4. The caudal limit of the fourth root receptive field is variable; it can include receptors that normally are innervated by the most lateral fibers in the fifth root, those closest to the fourth root. Thus the fiber distributions are contiguous, and the mechanism governing their connection with appropriate interneurons is independent of the root in which they travel to reach the ganglion.
Conjunctures of the “New” World Literature and Migration Studies: Cosmopolitanism, Religion, and Diasporic Sisters of Scheherazade

The essay explores the overlapping discourses in the fields of the “new” world literature and the “new” migration studies, with a focus on their related discourses of circulation and cosmopolitanism . It examines the transnational circulation of writers in addition to texts in twenty-first century world literature with specific discussions of the cosmopolitan treatment of religion in the work of selected diasporic Muslim women writers, featuring Elif Shafak’s The Bastard of Istanbul and Mohja Kahf’s E-Mails from Scheherazad and The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf . The essay considers the importance for diasporic Muslim women writers of Scheherazade as a learned woman and clever storyteller who saves the realm through words, not violence. Confronting Islamophobia and Orientalist fantasies of Muslim women, these authors locate traditions of cosmopolitanism and religious tolerance within their own heritage, not as an exclusive property of the West.
Active disturbance rejection control: some recent experimental and industrial case studies

This paper presents a summary of some recent experimental and industrial case studies of active disturbance rejection control (ADRC). ADRC is a novel disturbance estimation and rejection concept, leading to a new technology with a distinct advantage where, unlike most existing methods, disturbances, internal and external, are actively estimated and rejected. Applications of the new approach in solving industry-wide bench mark problems have led to a slew of innovative solutions. The scope of the applications shown in this paper includes motion control, robotic-enhanced limb rehabilitation trainings, fuel cell systems, and the two-mass-spring benchmark problem. Recent production line validation results obtained are also included.
Illuminating the genome-wide activity of genome editors for safe and effective therapeutics.

Genome editing holds remarkable promise to transform human medicine as new therapies that can directly address the genetic causes of disease. However, concerns remain about possible undesired biological consequences of genome editors, particularly the introduction of unintended ‘off-target’ mutations. Here, we discuss both important considerations for therapeutic genome editing and our understanding of the functional impact of undesired off-target mutations. An important challenge for the future will be the development of new approaches for predicting and defining the probable function of unintended genome-editing mutations, which will inspire confidence in the next generation of promising genome-editing therapies.
Addressing Pain With Inpatient Integrative Medicine at a Large Children's Hospital.

Background. Pediatric integrative medicine (IM) includes the use of therapies not considered mainstream to help alleviate symptoms such as pain and anxiety. These therapies can be provided in the i...
PEG-Anthracene Hydrogels as an On-Demand Stiffening Matrix To Study Mechanobiology.

There is a growing interest in materials that can dynamically change their properties in the presence of cells to study mechanobiology. Herein, we exploit the 365 nm light mediated [4+4] photodimerization of anthracene groups to develop cytocompatible PEG-based hydrogels with tailorable initial moduli that can be further stiffened. A hydrogel formulation that can stiffen from 10 to 50 kPa, corresponding to the stiffness of a healthy and fibrotic heart, respectively, was prepared. This system was used to monitor the stiffness-dependent localization of NFAT, a downstream target of intracellular calcium signaling using a reporter in live cardiac fibroblasts (CFbs). NFAT translocates to the nucleus of CFbs on stiffening hydrogels within 6 h, whereas it remains cytoplasmic when the CFbs are cultured on either 10 or 50 kPa static hydrogels. This finding demonstrates how dynamic changes in the mechanical properties of a material can reveal the kinetics of mechanoresponsive cell signaling pathways that may otherwise be missed in cells cultured on static substrates.
Getting Coverage Right for 500 Million Indians

Getting Coverage Right for 500 Million Indians India’s health reform, Ayushman Bharat (“long life for India”), has two pillars: health insurance covering up to $7,000 of care per year for the poore...
Protective neuroendocrine effects of environmental enrichment and voluntary exercise against social isolation: evidence for mediation by limbic structures.

Previous research indicates that loneliness and social isolation may contribute to behavioral disorders and neurobiological dysfunction. Environmental enrichment (EE), including both cognitive and ...
Solubility model of metal complex in ionic liquids from first principle calculations

A predictive model based on first principles calculations has been proposed to study the solid–liquid equilibria comprising of metal complexes and ionic liquids. The model is based on first principle COSMO calculation followed by post statistical thermodynamical treatment of self-consistent properties of solute and solvent molecules. The metal complex and ionic liquid have been treated as a simple binary mixture. The ionic liquid has been treated here as a single intact molecule. The experimentally observed dual-solute relationship between the ionic liquid and redox active species in presence of a third organic solvent has been established using our model in this work. Within the model, the dual-solute relationship appeared as a simple Gibbs–Duhem relationship between these two species at ambient condition. The dual-solute relationship between the metal complex (V(acac)3, Cr(acac)3 and Mn(acac)3) and ionic liquid ([Tea][BF4]) has been validated by calculating the Gibbs–Duhem relationship, xsolute vs. xsolvent(IL) and 1/γsolute vs. xsolvent(IL) plots. The present model has been applied to a set of ionic liquids, metal complexes and organic solvent (acetonitrile) for which experimental study has been done. The solvation mechanism of the metal complexes in those ionic liquids was obtained using the model. According to our findings, the ionic liquid containing imidazolium cation and [NTf2]− anion is appeared as a suitable solvent for the non-aqueous redox flow cell. We have compared our results with the already reported experimental results where they were available for the non-aqueous solvents.