cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Depth of comprehension and sentence memory

Effects of comprehension depth upon sentence recall are examined. Three language information-processing tasks were performed on semantically heterogeneous sentences. In a within-subjects condition, subjects (a) judged sentence meaningfulness, (b) judged whether a sentence followed from context, (c) invented a sentence to follow a stimulus sentence. Tasks (b) and (c) have previously been shown to induce deeper comprehension than Task (a). Between-subjects conditions were size of recall cue; group versus individual administration; and incidental versus intentional learning. Meaning recall and exact word recall were used to assess sentence memory. Both measures warranted essentially similar conclusions. Most importantly, deeper comprehension leads to better recall; this outcome supports use of memory measures as an estimate of comprehension. Size of cue substantially affects recall; group versus individual administration and incidental versus intentional learning do not.
Acute and long-term hemodynamic effects of oral pirbuterol in patients with chronic severe congestive heart failure: Randomized double-blind trial☆

Abstract In 20 patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF), we studied the effects of the beta-adrenergic agonist pirbuterol compared to placebo in both an acute double-blind randomized trial and after long-term treatment. Acutely, pirbuterol patients (n = 10) demonstrated a significant rise in cardiac index (2.2 ± 0.14 to 3.2 ± 0.32 L/min/m 2 ), stroke index (26 ± 2.6 to 35 ± 2.9 ml/beat/m 2 ), stroke work index (22 ± 2.4 to 30 ± 2.7 gm · m/m 2 ), and ejection fraction (22 ± 4 to 30 ± 5%). These hemodynamic variables did not significantly change in placebo patients (n = 10). After 3 weeks of pirbuterol therapy, 14 patients (70%) were symptomatically improved and were continued on the drug for another 3 weeks; 13 of 14 patients who were symptomatically improved underwent restudy. Compared to pretreatment baseline, there was continued improvement in cardiac index (2.5 ± 0.16 to 3.2 ± 0.24 L/min/m 2 ), stroke index (30 ± 2.5 to 38 ± 2.9 ml/beat/m 2 ), stroke work index (26 ± 2.3 to 35 ± 3.1 gm · m/m 2 ), and ejection fraction (24 ± 1 to 28 ± 4%). Patients more frequently improved were those with nonischemic cardiomyopathy and those with higher initial ejection fractions. These results demonstrate the acute beneficial effects of oral pirbuterol versus placebo in a double-blind randomized trial. Improvement was maintained during long-term therapy in the majority of CHF patients.
HYDRODESULFURIZATION OF THIOPHENE OVER MILDLY DEACTIVATED COAL-LIQUID HYDROTREATMENT CATALYST: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE

The hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of thiophene was carried out over mildly deactivated NiMo/ahimina catalysts used for the hydrotreatment of coal-derived liquids. Arrhenius plots were obtained covering a wide temperature range, 180-54O°C. The observed rate constant is found to level off at the highest temperatures. This phenomenon cannot be explained by further catalyst deactivation, catalyst desulfiding, external mass transfer control, formation of an inert external shell or thermodynamic equilibrium for the HDS of thiophene. A modified two-step reaction mechanism is suggested to explain these results. Step 2 has a higher activation energy and controls the reaction rate at lower temperatures. Step 1 has a low activation energy and controls the rate at the highest temperatures. The proposed mechanism successfully predicts the experimental observations. Increasing deactivation affects the effective diffusivity to a greater extent than it does the intrinsic reaction rate constants.
Impact of engineered zinc oxide nanoparticles on the energy budgets of Mytilus galloprovincialis

Abstract This paper characterizes the sublethal impact of engineered ZnO nanoparticles on the individual performance of the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis within the context of Dynamic Energy Budget theory, thereby allowing an integrated evaluation of the impact of multiple stressors on various endpoints. Data include measurements of the impact of ZnO nanoparticles on body burden, feeding, respiration, shell length, biomass, and mortality of mussels kept in laboratory tanks for over 100 days. ZnO nanoparticles in the environment impair the mussels' feeding rate (EC 50 for the maximum feeding rate is 1.5 mg ZnO nanoparticles L − 1 ). Zn accumulated in tissue increases respiration (EC 50 for the respiration rate is 0.9 mg environmental ZnO nanoparticles L − 1 with the body burden having reached its ultimate level), indicating that maintenance processes are more affected by ZnO nanoparticles than feeding. The feeding regime constrained growth and biomass production to the extent that the impact of ZnO nanoparticles on these processes was undetectable, yet the remaining measurements allowed the estimation of the toxicity parameters. The toxicity representation, combined with the DEB model, allowed the calculation of the effect of the nanoparticles on the expected lifetime production of reproductive matter. EC 50 for the expected lifetime production of reproductive matter is less than 0.25 mg ZnO nanoparticles L − 1 , indicating that that the ecological impact of ZnO nanoparticle exposure is stronger than its impact on individual physiological rates.
On the origin of the folding in the Namurian strata at the Namur Citadelle, Belgium

Abstract A number of the features of folding at the Namur Citadelle, a classical outcrop of Namurian strata, can be interpreted in terms of penecontemporaneous deformation induced by sandstones overlying shales of lighter density. Variscan tectonics has then overprinted already folded rocks.
The effect of postcure time on the fracture properties and nodular morphology of an epoxy resin

The effect of different postcure times on the fracture properties and morphology of an epoxy resin was studied. The fracture energy for crack initiation and arrest was calculated for each sample and plotted as a function of the postcure time. Nodules (25–35 nm in diameter) were observed on all fracture surfaces. Of considerable interest was the alignment of nodules in the direction of crack propagation. Longer postcure times are thought to alter the fracture energy by causing additional crosslinking in the internodular matrix.
A system for developing and evaluating the clinical judgment of dental students.

Abstract A system for evaluating the clinical judgment of dental students in removable prosthodontics was presented. The major points of the system are as follows. 1. Students must decide when the quality of their treatment is worthy of a grade. 2. Three quality-level categories are used. 3. Letters that have no intrinsic meaning are used to designate each quality level. 4. Each item may be evaluated a maximum of four times by the student before remediation is instituted. 5. Each attempt to evaluate the same procedure receives a lower point value. 6. The final grade is determined as a percent of points earned out of a possible maximum. 7. Faculty acceptance of the system is high. 8. The system provides an easy means of feedback to students.
Smoothening of niobium by electropolishing

The effects of various electropolishing (EP) parameters such as duration, applied voltage, working temperature, mechanical prepolishing and acid volume ratio on the EP process, and surface smoothness of high purity niobium (Nb) were systematically investigated using electrochemical technique and optical profilometry. The electropolishing parameters had a significant influence on the smoothness of the Nb by controlling the current density. Prolonged EP duration caused different dissolution rates of grains. Applied voltages above the oxygen evolution potential resulted in severe pitting of the Nb. High working temperature-caused roughening of the Nb surface via different dissolution rates of grains and mechanically ground smooth surfaces were roughened by the formation of valleys on the surfaces. A lower fluoride ion concentration in the acid solution gave rise to a rougher surface of the Nb because the fluoride ions were transport-limited species during the EP process.
Anterior temporal lobectomy with microsurgical resection of mesial structures: Surgical technique and results in 50 consecutive patients with intractable epilepsy

A modified surgical technique of temporal lobectomy is presented. The technique involves a limited removal of the temporal pole, allowing extensive microsurgical resection of the mesiobasal temporal structures posteriorly to the collicular plane of the mesencephalon. The procedure was performed in 50 consecutive patients with complex partial seizures refractory to anticonvulsants therapy. Thirty-five patients were evaluated preoperatively with scalp and sphenoidal electrodes only, whereas the remaining 15 patients underwent additional recording using invasive electrodes. Postoperative follow-up of more than 6 months was available on 47 cases, and more than 1 year on 20 cases (mean follow-up, 12.7 months). Thirty-six patients (72%) became seizure-free, 4 (8%) had 90% or greater reduction in seizure frequency, and 10 (20%) had lesser or no benefit. Of 20 patients followed for more than 1 year, 11 (55%) became seizure-free, 3 (15%) had 90% or greater reduction in seizure frequency, and 6 (30%) had lesser or no benefit. There was no mortality or medical morbidity. Neurologic complications were minimal and typically transient. Memory function showed no significant change postoperatively except for slightly decreased verbal memory following dominant resections. We conclude that this modification of temporal lobectomy is an effective treatment of intractable complex partial seizures in selected patients.
Parent-delivered touchscreen intervention for children with fragile X syndrome

The use of touchscreen applications for the iPad(®) allows children with disabilities to improve their personal autonomy and quality of life. In light of this emerging literature and our clinical experience with toddlers and children with Fragile X syndrome (FXS), a randomized clinical trial pilot study was conducted of whether an interactive iPad(®)-based parent training program was efficacious for both individuals with FXS and autism spectrum disorder aged 2-to-12 compared to wait-listed controls. As a second goal, we assessed the difference between direct person-to-person therapy vs. online therapy sessions through telehealth. In this case series report it is presented preliminary results of four individuals with FXS enrolled in the study and described the innovative experience including qualitative and quantitative data analysis. Furthermore, we provide professionals with specific guidelines about the use of touchscreen devices as in-home learning tools and parent training strategies to actively involve families in educational treatments in conjunction with clinical guidance.
Assessing the effects of marine and hydrokinetic energy development on marine and estuarine resources

The world's oceans and estuaries offer enormous potential to meet the nation's growing demand for energy. The use of marine and hydrokinetic (MHK) devices to harness the power of wave and tidal energy could contribute significantly toward meeting federal- and state-mandated renewable energy goals while supplying a substantial amount of clean energy to coastal communities. Locations along the eastern and western coasts of the United States between 40° and 70° north latitude are ideal for MHK deployment, and recent estimates of wave and current energy resource potential in the US suggest that up to 400 terawatt hours could be generated, representing about 10% of national energy demand. Because energy derived from wave and tidal devices is highly predictable, their inclusion in our energy portfolio could help balance available sources of energy production, including hydroelectric, coal, nuclear, wind, solar, geothermal, and others.
Forced sexual initiation, sexual intimate partner violence and HIV risk in women: a global review of the literature.

Coerced or forced sexual initiation and sexual intimate partner violence (sexual IPV) contribute significantly to a woman’s risk for HIV infection. This review systematically examines global research (n = 21 studies) published since 2000 on the role of coerced/forced sexual initiation and sexual IPV on HIV risk in women. In predominantly low- and middle-income countries, coerced/forced sexual initiation was associated with HIV/STIs, multiple and high-risk sex partners, and no condom use. Most studies using behaviorally specific terms for sexual IPV found strong associations between sexual IPV and HIV risk behaviors. In contrast, studies using less specific definitions often failed to find these significant associations. To develop more comprehensive HIV prevention programs, future efforts should integrate behaviorally specific terms into assessing prevalence of sexual IPV and its association with HIV risk, consider cultural differences, and identify causal pathways between coerced or forced sexual initiation, HIV risk behaviors and HIV/STI infection.
Steroid receptors in exocrine glands: the pancreas and prostate.

Abstract The exocrine pancreas and prostate, though embryologically related, are subject to different control mechanisms, with only the latter gland being profoundly influenced by testicular and/or hypophyseal secretions. However, oestrogen and androgen receptors have been demonstrated in the pancreatic acinar cells (human, rat, guinea pig and baboon), with a high affinity, low capacity receptor for oestradiol (E 2 ) being overshadowed quantitatively by a high capacity oestrogen-binding protein (EBP) primarily associated with the microsomal fraction. Immunologie and chemico-physical studies have pointed to the cellular specificity of the EBP. In the prostate, androgen and oestrogen receptors and their specificity and uniqueness have been established in a number of species (human, baboon, rat). Of particular importance is the relation of plasma TeBG (sex-hormone binding globulin) to these receptors, because of the high affinity of TeBG for the steroids. Studies and interpretations related to these parameters are presented.
The Calculation of Ground-Wave Field Intensity over a Finitely Conducting Spherical Earth

Equations and curves are presented which simplify the calculation of ground-wave field intensity over a finitely conducting spherical earth for transmitting and receiving antennas of arbitrary heights and polarization.
Multiphase Flow Conditioning Using Drag-Reducing Agents

Experimental study has been performed in a 10-cm diameter, 36-m long, multiphase inclinable Plexiglass flow loop. Superficial liquid velocities between 0.5 and 3 m/s and superficial gas velocities between 2 and 10 m/s in 2 degree inclined pipes were examined. A 2.5 cP oil at 25 °C was used and water cut was 50%. The experiments were undertaken at a pressure of 0.13 MPa and a temperature of 25 °C with carbon dioxide as the gas. Influence of DRA on the flow characteristics such as pressure gradient, slug translational velocity, the height of the liquid film, slug frequency and Froude number using Drag Reducing Agents (DRA) has been studied. The DRA concentrations of 10 ppm and 50 ppm were used in this study. The DRA was effective in reducing the pressure gradient at all liquid and gas velocities. At a superficial liquid velocity of 1 m/s and gas velocities of 2 and 6 m/s, the pressure gradient decreased from 544 Pa/m to 377 Pa/m and from 793 Pa/m to 477 Pa/m in 2 degree upward inclination at a concentration of 50-ppm DRA. The corresponding DRA effectiveness was 31% and 40% respectively. Slug translational velocity did not change much with addition of DRA. But the slug frequency and the height of the liquid film decreased with addition of DRA, which led to a decrease in pressure gradient. At a superficial liquid velocity of 0.5 m/s and gas velocities of 2 and 8 m/s, slug frequency was reduced from 21 to 16 slugs/minute and from 18 to 14 slugs/minute in 2-degree upward flow at a DRA concentration of 50 ppm. Froude number increased with addition of DRA. At a superficial liquid velocity of 0.5 m/s and superficial gas velocity of 2 m/s, the Froude number increases from 4.7 to 6.3 when 50 ppm DRA was added.
Angular distributions in the photoelectron spectra of benzene and its monohalogenated derivatives

Abstract The results of measurements of the photoelectron angular distributions of benzene, fluorobenzene, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, and iodobenzene are presented. Trends in the asymmetry parameters β as well as in the band positions and shapes across this series of molecules lead to assignments of all of the π orbitals and some of the σ orbitals associated with the features in the spectra.
Recognition of neuroectodermal tumors by melanoma-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes: evidence for antigen sharing by tumors derived from the neural crest

Melanomas from different patients have been shown to express shared tumor antigens, which can be recognized in the context of the appropriate MHC class I molecules by cytolytic T cells. To determine if T-cell-defined melanoma antigens are expressed on other tumors of neuroectodermal origin, four melanoma-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cultures derived from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were tested for lysis of a panel of 23 HLA-A2+ neuroectodermal tumor cell lines of various histologies, including retinoblastoma (1), neuroblastoma (8), neuroepithelioma (6), astrocytoma (2), neuroglioma (1), and Ewing's sarcoma (5). Low expression of MHC class I and/or ICAM-1 molecules was found on 22 of 23 neuroectodermal tumor lines, and could be enhanced by treatment with interferon gamma (IFN gamma). Following IFN gamma treatment, three Ewing's sarcoma lines were lysed by at least one melanoma TIL culture, and levels of lysis were comparable to melanoma lysis by these TIL. Lysis could be inhibited by monoclonal antibodies directed against MHC class I molecules and against CD3, indicating specific immune recognition of tumor-associated antigens. None of the other neuroectodermal tumors tested were lysed by TIL, but they could be lysed by non-MHC-restricted lymphokine-activated killer cells. This demonstration of immunological cross-reactivity between melanomas and Ewing's sarcomas, two tumors of distinct histological types with a common embryonic origin, has implications for the developmental nature of these CTL-defined tumor antigens. It also raises the possibility that specific antitumor immunotherapies, such as vaccines, may be reactive against more than one form of cancer.
Should environmentalists be organicists

L'A. examine les fonctions de l'holisme et de l'organicisme dans la pensee environnementaliste et tente l'ebauche d'une version de l'holisme scientifiquement fondee et appropriee a ces fonctions
Multicollective I/O: A technique for exploiting inter-file access patterns

The increasing gap between processor cycle times and access times to storage devices makes it necessary to use powerful optimizations. This is especially true for applications in the parallel computing domain that frequently perform large amounts of file I/O. Collective I/O strategy that coordinates the processes to perform I/O on each other's behalf has demonstrated a significant performance improvement. This article proposes a new concept called Multicollective I/O (MCIO) that expands the collective I/O to allow data from multiple files to be requested in a single I/O request, in contrast to allowing only multiple segments for a single file to be specified together. MCIO considers multiple arrays simultaneously by having a more global view of the overall I/O behavior exhibited by parallel applications. This article shows that determining the optimal MCIO access pattern is an NP-complete problem, and proposes two different heuristics for the access pattern detection problem, also called the assignment problem. Both heuristics have been implemented within a runtime library, and tested using a large-scale scientific application. Our results show that MCIO outperforms collective I/O by as much as 87p. Our runtime library-based implementation can be used by application users as well as by optimizing compilers. Based on our results, we recommend that future library designers for I/O-intensive applications include MCIO in their suite of optimizations.
Is it Stalking?: Perceptions of Stalking among College Undergraduates

Perceptions of stalking behavior vary tremendously, yet the factors that influence these perceptions are largely unknown. This article reports on two studies that analyzed individual and situational variables that may influence perceptions of stalking using hypothetical vignettes that varied the gender of the perpetrator and target. The first study varied the nature of the relationship between perpetrator and target while holding constant the stalking behavior. The second study manipulated the degree of seriousness of the stalking behavior according to New York’s stalking law. Gender of the perpetrator strongly influenced several of the safety variables, with male stalkers producing concern for the target’s safety. Determinations of stalking were more likely when the characters had no prior relationship and when the behavior was more serious. Findings suggest that situational variables may influence perceptions of whether behavior constitutes stalking and the assessments of risk or violence potential.
The role of natural killer cells in human disease.

Article synthese sur la fonction des cellules NK au cours de certaines maladies humaines. Leur role dans le developpement de cancers ou de virose et leur activite chez des patients traites par chimiotherapie et radiotherapie ont ete etudies
(p, V, T) of saturated and compressed fluid nitrogen

Abstract The results of (p, V, T) measurements on compressed fluid N2 at amount-of-substance densities from about 11 mol dm−3 to greater than 28 mol dm−1 at pressures to near 35.0 MPa are reported. The motivation for these measurements was to provide single-source self-consistent results for nitrogen, methane, and their mixtures. The results are to be used to formulate, test, and evaluate mathematical models for the prediction of (p, V, T, x) of {(1 − x)N2 + xCH4}. Measurements on pure methane have been reported and measurements on selected gravimetrically prepared mixtures of nitrogen and methane are in progress.
Articles from the 15th ICI Meeting in Milan, Italy.

The First International Congress in Immunology was held in 1971 in Washington, DC, USA. Since that initial gathering of worldwide immunologists, we have evolved considerably as the articles selected from presentations at the 15th ICI and compiled here attest. By 1971, the two main systems involved in adaptive immunity had been described and the two major types of lymphocytes, B cells and T cells, recognized by their surface expression of immunoglobulin molecules and theta antigen had just been described. Years later, I was riding in a bus at an immunology meeting that was headed to the conference banquet. My companion in the seat next to me happened to mention that he was present at the first ICI, and I replied that I was also there. My seatmate then went on to say that everyone that he spoke to at that inaugural meeting felt that the major mysteries in immunology had been uncovered and now we just needed to dot the I’s and cross the T’s. Needless to say that we have all come a long way in the past 42 years, and great strides have been made in delineating the characteristics of the immune system, as exemplified here in this compilation of contributions stemming from the 15th ICI.
Protection by DABCO against inactivation of transforming DNA by near-ultraviolet light: action spectra and implications for involvement of singlet oxygen.

— Diazobicyclo (2.2.2) octane (DABCO) protects the genetic activity of purified transforming Bacillus subtilis DNA against inactivation by near-, but not far-, UV light. The maximum dose-modifying factor is 0.4, at 0.1 M DABCO. Maximal protection is at about 350 nm and no protection occurs below 313 nm. The spectrum for protection is similar to that described for 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide hydrobromide. The relevance of these observations with regard to the role of singlet oxygen in near-UV effects is discussed.
Cellular ionic effects of insulin in normal human erythrocytes: a nuclear magnetic resonance study.

Elevated erythrocyte cytosolic free calcium, and suppressed free magnesium and pH values are associated with the hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance of hypertension, obesity, and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. To determine the role of insulin in this process, we utilized 19F- and 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study the cellular ionic effects of insulin in vitro on normal human erythrocytes. Insulin elevated cytosolic free calcium levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The effect began at 10 μU/ml, peaked at 200 μU/ml, and continued at both the 500 μU/ml and 1000 μU/ml doses. At 200 μU/ml, free calcium levels rose from 24.6±2.5 nmol/l to a peak value at 120 min of 66.4±11 nmol/l (p<0.05 vs basal), levels remaining elevated throughout the incubation (45.7±5.6 nmol/l at 60 min, and 47.9±9.1 nmol/l at 180 min, p<0.05 vs basal, respectively). Similarly, insulin also increased intracellular free magnesium at all time points (basal: 177± 11 μmol/l; 60 min: 209±19 μmol/l; 120 min: 206±22 μmol/l; and 180 min: 202±12 μmol/l; p<0.05 vs basal at all times). No insulin-induced changes in pH were observed. We conclude (i) that insulin in physiological concentrations may participate in regulating divalent cations in the mature human erythrocyte, (ii) that insulin per se cannot account for the previously described cellular ionic lesions of hypertension and diabetes, and (iii) that future clinical studies of cell ion metabolism should be conducted in the fasting state, be controlled for ambient circulating insulin levels, or both.
The prediction of mineral solubilities in natural waters: The Na-K-Mg-Ca-H-Cl-SO4-OH-HCO3-CO3-CO2-H2O system to high ionic strengths at 25°C

The mineral solubility model of Harvie and Weare (1980) is extended to the eight component system, Na-K-Mg-Ca-H-Cl-SO4-OH-HCO3-CO3-CO2-H2O at 25°C to high concentrations. The model is based on the semi-empirical equations of Pitzer (1973) and co-workers for the thermodynamics of aqueous electrolyte solutions. The model is parameterized using many of the available isopiestic, electromotive force, and solubility data available for many of the subsystems. The predictive abilities of the model are demonstrated by comparison to experimental data in systems more complex than those used in parameterization. The essential features of a chemical model for aqueous electrolyte solutions and the relationship between pH and the equilibrium properties of a solution are discussed.
Abstract 4683: Neuropathic pain in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Post-surgery radiotherapy (RT) significantly reduces recurrence of early-stage breast cancer. However, many patients experience side effects from RT, such as neuropathic pain (NP), experienced by one third of patients during RT. Breast cancer survivors report moderate to severe NP symptoms, including hypersensitivity to cold/mechanical stimuli, itching, and numbness, which not only impact patient's functional performance and health-related quality of life, but also may interfere with treatment. Therefore, we evaluated prevalence of pain and neuropathic pain symptom (NPS) in 330 breast cancer patients undergoing RT for changes over time in these pain scales, and to determine the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the RT-induced NP (RINP) at baseline, immediately post-RT, and 1 month after completion of RT. Pain prevalence was assessed using Brief Pain Inventory (0-10) for pain at the worst over the past 4 weeks. NPS index (NPSI, 0-33) was developed using 9 questions from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Cancer and Bowel B39 Quality of Life questionnaire specific for breast cancer patients. Changes in these pain scales over time were assessed using a multivariate mixed model. The study consists of 56 Non-Hispanic Whites, 209 Hispanic Whites, and 66 African Americans. There were significant racial/ethnic differences in BMI (p<0.001) and cancer stage at diagnosis (p=0.018). About 85% of cases received the standard RT (50-50.4 Gy in a 200 cGy fraction) and 83% received boost of 10 Gy to the breast scar. Pain prevalence changed over time (p<0.001): 58% at baseline, 78% at the end of RT, and 71% at 1 month after RT. NPSI also changed over time; 4.9 at baseline, 10.0 at the end of RT, and 6.7 at 1 month after RT. There were significant differences in NPSI by race/ethnicity and BMI. Obese patients have worse NPS at RT completion and 1 month after RT compared to women with BMI<30. Obese patients had a higher prevalence and NPSI at both RT completion (21.7% and 6.9) and follow-up (16.0% and 3.6) while normal, over-weight patients showed less increase in prevalence and NPSI at RT completion (11.8% and 5.3) and recovered to the baseline levels after 1 month of RT. In summary, our data suggest that RT-related NP is associated with race/ethnicity and obesity in breast cancer patients. To improve quality of life, including NP, as an important survivorship issue for cancer patients, our ongoing biomarker studies are warranted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and identify potential targets for intervention. Citation Format: Eunkyung Lee, Cristiane Takita, Jean L. Wright, Wei Zhao, Isildinha Reis, Omar L. Nelson, Jennifer J. Hu. Neuropathic pain in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4683. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4683
Modeling and forecasting municipal solid waste generation in the US energy supply

This paper describes an economic and statistical approach to modeling and forecasting municipal solid waste generation in the US energy supply. It begins with a discussion of the historical developments in the waste to energy industry over the last 25 years. Then a model is developed to provide energy policy makers with an analytical framework for understanding the relationships between the solid waste industry and the waste to energy industry. The model is tested empirically using data at the national level. The model's forecasts are compared with projections made by the US Environmental Protection Agency
Rationality of the Poincaré series for Koszul algebras

Abstract In this paper, we study the rationality of the Poincare series of a finitely generated graded left module over a Koszul connected algebra. In particular, we show the following result: let A be a Koszul connected algebra and A! be its Koszul dual. Suppose that A! is noetherian and having a balanced dualizing complex. If A is either (1) an artinian algebra, (2) a graded quotient algebra of a noetherian AS-regular algebra, or (3) an FBN algebra (e.g., a noetherian PI algebra), then the Poincare series of every finitely generated graded left A-module is a rational function over the complex numbers.
Correlation Coefficient Revisited

Abstract Elementary approaches to prove basic properties of the correlation coefficient are of pedagogical interest. Besides posing another proof, this article gives variations of the proofs already existing in the statistical literature
Compile-time reflection and metaprogramming for Java

Java reflection enables us to write reusable programs that are independent of certain classes. However, when runtime performance is a big concern, we propose to use compile-time reflection for writing metaprograms that generate non-reflective class/type specific code, which has lower runtime cost.We proposed both compile-time reflection and metaprogramming for Java, and extended our previous work on pattern-based traits. Pattern-based traits integrate pattern-based reflection with flexible composition of traits. They are capable of pattern-matching over class members and generating expressive code. We add and formalize pattern-based reflection at the statement-level, which enables a meta program to generate statements. We add reified generics for pattern-based traits, which enables a pattern to iterate over any class when traits are instantiated. We implemented an ORM tool (called PtjORM) using pattern-based traits. PtjORM uses compile-time reflection and our benchmark tests show that it has competitive runtime performance compared to the mainstream Java ORM tools.
Solution structure of the p53 regulatory domain of the p19Arf tumor suppressor protein.

Arf is a tumor suppressor that regulates p53 function and is a frequent target for loss in human cancers. Through two novel mechanisms, Arf inhibits the oncoprotein Hdm2, a negative regulator of p5...
Efficiency of certain methods of estimation for the negative binomial and the Neyman type A distributions

Abstract : A mathematical study is made of the asymptotic efficiency of certain methods of estimation for the negative binomial and the Neyman Type A distributions. The efficiency of the methed report thod of moments for these distributions is found to be high for certain triangular shaped regions in parameter space and in these triangular shaped regions variances of the distributions are close to their respective means. It is concluded that the methods using three statistics are asymptotically more efficient than the ones using only two statistics. An appendix is provided in which the efficiency of the statistical data for the various methods are listed in a group of tables.
Aircraft observations of cold pools under marine stratocumulus

Abstract. Although typically associated with precipitating cumuli, cold pools also form under shallower stratocumulus. This study presents cold-pool observations as sampled by the NSF/NCAR C-130, which made cloud and boundary-layer measurements over the southeast Pacific stratocumulus region at an altitude of approximately 150 m during the VOCALS Regional Experiment. Ninety edges of cold pools are found in the C-130 measurements by identifying step-like changes in the potential temperature. Examination of their mesoscale environment shows that the observed cold pools tend to form under heavier precipitation, thicker clouds, and in cleaner environments. Cold pools are also found to form under clouds with high LWP values over the night of or before sampling. When they form, cold pools often form in clusters or on top of each other, rather than as separate, individual entities. Their sizes range from 2 km to 16 km (middle 50th percentile), where the largest of cold pools are associated with the greatest drops in temperature. Composites of various observed thermodynamic and chemical variables along the cold-pool edges indicate increased humidity, equivalent potential temperature, coarse-mode aerosol, and dimethyl sulfide concentration inside cold pools. The enhancements inside cold pools are consistent with increased static stability that traps fluxes from the ocean surface in the lowest levels of the boundary layer. By using pressure perturbations, the average cold pool is estimated to be approximately 300 m deep. The temperature depression in cold pools also leads to density-driven flows that drive convergence of horizontal winds and measurable, mechanically driven vertical wind velocity at the edges of cold pools.
Parallel Sampling of DP Mixture Models using Sub-Cluster Splits

We present an MCMC sampler for Dirichlet process mixture models that can be parallelized to achieve significant computational gains. We combine a non-ergodic, restricted Gibbs iteration with split/merge proposals in a manner that produces an ergodic Markov chain. Each cluster is augmented with two sub-clusters to construct likely split moves. Unlike some previous parallel samplers, the proposed sampler enforces the correct stationary distribution of the Markov chain without the need for finite approximations. Empirical results illustrate that the new sampler exhibits better convergence properties than current methods.
The neural basis of syntactic deficits in primary progressive aphasia

Patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) vary considerably in terms of which brain regions are impacted, as well as in the extent to which syntactic processing is impaired. Here we review the literature on the neural basis of syntactic deficits in PPA. Structural and functional imaging studies have most consistently associated syntactic deficits with damage to left inferior frontal cortex. Posterior perisylvian regions have been implicated in some studies. Damage to the superior longitudinal fasciculus, including its arcuate component, has been linked with syntactic deficits, even after gray matter atrophy is taken into account. These findings suggest that syntactic processing depends on left frontal and posterior perisylvian regions, as well as intact connectivity between them. In contrast, anterior temporal regions, and the ventral tracts that link frontal and temporal language regions, appear to be less important for syntax, since they are damaged in many PPA patients with spared syntactic processing.
Thioester function is conserved in SpC3, the sea urchin homologue of the complement component C3.

Abstract The amino acid sequence of the thioester site in the α chain of SpC3, the sea urchin homologue of C3, is conserved. This implies a conserved function of covalent bond formation with amine or hydroxyl groups on target molecules. When coelomic fluid (CF) was incubated with 14 C-methylamine, a classic assay for thioester binding function, the α chain became labeled. When CF was treated to induce autolysis, peptide bond cleavage occurred at the thioester site. Autolysis could be blocked or reduced by pre-treating CF with either methylamine or yeast, both of which are known to bind to thioester sites C3 proteins from other organisms. The data suggest that SpC3 can bind to target cell surfaces, constituting indirect evidence that it can covalently bind to pathogen surfaces and function as an opsonin in vivo. This activity may be an important aspect of host defense in the sea urchin.
On-chip 3-D technology independent model for millimeter-wave transmission lines with bend in BiCMOS technologies

In this paper, an equation based process technology independent model of transmission line with bend is discussed. The model is generated based on existed single transmission line model using equations calculating the effective length of the bend discontinuity area. The model is compared with EM simulation; existing bend model generated with curve-fitted method and measured results of fabricated meander line. The meander line is realized with the Back End of Line (BEOL) wiring and the bend is enabled as a library device of a 0.13 mum SiGe BiCMOS process design kit. This bend device has a scalable layout pattern and a schematic symbol, which allows users to choose bend with different dimensions and metal stacks. In addition, the model can be migrated with other process technologies with different metal options. Very good match have been achieved among model, EM simulation and measurements for different process technologies and metal stacks.
Some Mathematical Methods for Modeling the Performance of A Distributed Data Base System

This paper presents some mathematical methods for evaluating the performance of a distributed data base system (DDBS). Performance is measured by the speed and accuracy with which data are transmitted from one location to another. Five techniques are described: the Data Flow Model, a semi-Markov model for determining the spatial and temporal distribution of data that are to be transferred from one location to another; Optimal Sample Size Estimation, a method for determining the amount of data to be collected for input to the Data Flow Model; Confidence Interval Estimation, a method for estimating confidence intervals for the ouputs of the Data Flow Model; Sensitivity Estimation, a method for estimating the sensitivity of DDBS performance to changes in the parameters of the Data Flow Model; and the Aggregation of Stratified Semi-Markov Processes, a method for combining semi-Markov Data Flow Models developed for subsystems (e.g., geographic regions) into a single model that is representative of the entire DDBS.
A Stochastic Program for Interdicting Smuggled Nuclear Material

This paper describes a stochastic network interdiction model for identifying locations for installing detectors sensitive to nuclear material. A nuclear material smuggler selects a path through a transportation network that maximizes the probability of avoiding detection An interdictor installs sensors to minimize that maximum probability. This problem is formulated as a bi-level stochastic mixed-integer program. The program is stochastic because the evader’s origin and destination are unknown at the time the detectors are installed. The model is reformulated as a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer program with recourse and is shown to be strongly NP-Hard. We describe an application of our model to help strengthen the overall capability of preventing the illicit trafficking of nuclear materials.
Frequency conversion of broad-bandwidth laser light

The efficacy of angular spectral dispersion by a grating as a means of improving the frequency conversion efficiency of broad-bandwidth laser light is investigated. It is shown that when the bandwidth arises from phase modulation, the zero-bandwidth conversion efficiency can be recovered in this way if the modulation is sufficiently slow, and that the frequency bandwidth is multiplied by the same factor as the frequency. When the bandwidth is due to amplitude modulation, the method is less effective. The theory is illustrated by calculations of third-harmonic generation in KDP. >
Toward a New Understanding of Virtual Research Collaborations: Complex Adaptive Systems Framework

Virtual research collaborations (VRCs) have become an important method of conducting scientific activity; however, they are often regarded and treated as traditional scientific collaborations. Their success is measured by scholarly productivity and adherence to budget by funding agencies, participating scientists, and scholars. VRCs operate in complex environments interacting with other complex systems. A holistic (or organicist) approach is needed to make sense of this complexity. For that purpose, this study proposes using a new perspective, namely, the complex adaptive systems theory that can provide a better understanding of a VRC’s potential creativity, adaptability, resilience, and probable success. The key concepts of complex systems (diversity, interaction, interdependency, feedback, emergence, and adaptation) utilized in organization studies are used to discuss the behaviors of VRCs, illustrated with real-life examples.
The Ebola outbreak of 2014-2015: From coordinated multilateral action to effective disease containment, vaccine development, and beyond

The Ebola outbreak of 2014-2015 exacted a terrible toll on major countries of West Africa. Latest estimates from the World Health Organization indicate that over 11,000 lives were lost to the deadly virus since the first documented case was officially recorded. However, significant progress in the fight against Ebola was made thanks to a combination of globally-supported containment efforts, dissemination of key information to the public, the use of modern information technology resources to better track the spread of the outbreak, as well as more effective use of active surveillance, targeted travel restrictions, and quarantine procedures. This article will outline the progress made by the global public health community toward containing and eventually extinguishing this latest outbreak of Ebola. Economic consequences of the outbreak will be discussed. The authors will emphasize policies and procedures thought to be effective in containing the outbreak. In addition, we will outline selected episodes that threatened inter-continental spread of the disease. The emerging topic of post-Ebola syndrome will also be presented. Finally, we will touch on some of the diagnostic (e.g., point-of-care [POC] testing) and therapeutic (e.g., new vaccines and pharmaceuticals) developments in the fight against Ebola, and how these developments may help the global public health community fight future epidemics.
Alpine biodiversity and assisted migration: the case of the American pika (Ochotona princeps)

Alpine mammals are predicted to be among the species most threatened by climate change, due to the projected loss and further fragmentation of alpine habitats. As temperature or precipitation regimes change, alpine mammals may also be faced with insurmountable barriers to dispersal. The slow rate or inability to adjust to rapidly shifting environmental conditions may cause isolated alpine species to become locally extirpated, resulting in reduced biodiversity. One proposed method for mitigating the impacts of alpine species loss is assisted migration. This method, which involves translocating a species to an area with more favourable climate and habitat characteristics, has become the subject of debate and controversy in the conservation community. The uncertainty associated with climate change projections, coupled with the thermal sensitivity of many alpine mammals, makes it difficult to a priori assess the efficacy of this technique as a conservation management tool. Here we present the American pika (O...
Management of the Short Ureter in Urinary Tract Reconstruction

AbstractAmong our 56 patients who have undergone urinary tract reconstruction with intact bladders 45 have required some compensation for lost ureteral length. Of these patients 33 had only distal ureteral loss and underwent reconstruction with a combination of a psoas hitch, transureteroure-terostomy and primary reimplantation. Four patients with more extensive ureteral loss underwent a Boari flap procedure, and of the 8 patients with major ureteral loss 6 had small bowel interposition and 2 have had renal autotransplantation to compensate for lost ureteral length. All patients are well with stable renal function at 1 to 7-year followup.
Diacylglycerols and Arachidonic Acid in the Molecular Pathogenesis of Brain Injury

Stimulation or injury promotes an accumulation of free fatty acids (FFA) and diacylglycerols in the central nervous system (Bazan, 1970, 1971; Bazan and Rako-wski, 1970; Bazan et al., 1971; Aveldano and Bazan 1975a, b, 1979; Bazan, 1976). The accumulated lipids are potentially harmful to excitable membranes by mechanisms such as FFA inhibition of membrane-bound enzymes (Rhoads et al., 1983) and lipid peroxidation (Yoshida et al., 1982). The accumulation of FFA following a single electroconvulsive shock (ECS) is transient, returning to normal levels within 5 min after the shock (Bazan and Rakowski, 1970). Similarly, the FFA increase in gerbil brain due to ischemia induced by bilateral carotid occlusion can be reversed to normal levels after reperfusion (Yoshida et al., 1980, Bhakoo et al., 1984). In the case of prolonged ischemia or during bicuculline-induced status epilepticus, the accumulation of FFA and DAG continues to rise and may lead to irreversible brain damage (Aveldano and Bazan, 1975a, b; DeMedio et al., 1980; Shiu et al., 1983; Tang and Sun, 1982, 1985; Rodriguez de Turco et al., 1983). Irreversible damage may occur because of selective degradation of functionally critical lipid classes or molecular species of lipids (e. g. polyphosphoinositides) in synaptic membranes and/or other cell membranes, such as mitochondria (Bazan et al., 1971; Bazan, 1976). In brain, accumulation of DAG and FFA (especially polyunsaturates) as a result of catabolism of polyphosphoinositides, may disturb interneuronal communication by altering levels of secondary messengers (DAG itself and water-soluble inositol polyphosphates) and the activity of protein kinase C. Protein kinase C in brain, which can be activated by polyunsaturated fatty acids (Murakami and Routtenberg, 1985) and unsaturated DAG (Nishizuka et al., 1984a), appears to play a critical role in stimulus-secretion coupling (Kawahara et al., 1980; Wooten and Wrenn, 1984; Putney et al., 1984).