cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative supply chain performance: Measuring cross‐cultural effects. The example of the Bratislava regional automotive manufacturing cluster

This paper examines how performance in a supply network is biased through cultural difference. Based on a benchmark study for the Bratislava automotive cluster, the review covers the specific situation of a cross border setting where top performers (high-class original equipment manufacturers, “OEMs,” like VW, Peugeot, Porsche, Kia) in a dual economy environment interact with suppliers from a highly developed country and with local logistics service enterprises. The main findings were derived from a benchmarking questionnaire and were corroborated in subsequent interviews, and they can very well be generalized: specific knowledge required for interactions between buyers and sellers cannot be built and utilized effectively if acceptance, adaptation and integration are obstructed by cultural differences. The biggest threats to fully exploiting the opportunities of cross-border supply chains, are lack of trust and of ability or willingness to cooperate and insufficient power of decision-making; lack of application skills ranks second. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dependence on γ-aminobutyric acid of pyrethroid and 4′-chlorodiazepam modulation of the binding of t-[35S] butylbicyclophosphorothionate in piscine brain

Binding sites for t-[35S]butylbicyclophosphorothionate ([35S]TBPS) were detected in well-washed membranes from the brain of trout; γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acted as an uncompetitive inhibitor of the binding of [35S]TBPS, decreasing both the number of binding sites and the affinity of TBPS. Inhibition of the binding of [35S]TBPS by deltamethrin, a Type II pyrethroid, was modulated by GABA; both the affinity and the efficacy of this insecticide increased with incremental concentrations of GABA. Deltamethrin also enhanced the potency of GABA as an inhibitor of the binding of [35S]TBPS. The interaction of 4′-chlorodiazepam (Ro5-4864) with [35S]TBPS was dependent on GABA: in the absence of GABA, Ro5-4864 inhibited up to 40% of the binding: in the presence of 10 μM GABA, Ro5-4864 enhanced binding to a maximum value of 170% of control. However, the same absolute amount of binding was observed with both of these effects at micromolar concentrations of Ro5-4864. Also, Ro5-4864 caused a rtghtward shift in GABA dose-response curves, increasing the IC50 value for GABA more than 6 fold. These results indicate the reciprocal allosteric interactions between a binding site for pyrethroids, a binding site for Ro5-4864, the GABA recognition moiety and the binding site for TBPS in the brain of trout. The similarity of these findings to previous results in preparations of rodent brain highlight the conservation of the modulation of GABAA receptor function during the evolution of vertebrates.
The application of previewing: Preventive caregiver-infant psychoeducational groups—Part II

This paper proposes a model for caregiver-infant preventive group therapy designed to enhance perceptual skills in the area of development and self-awareness. The model provides for ten sessions involving a group of caregivers with relatively comparable interactional abilities. The initial session is devoted to ascertaining each caregiver's perception of her infant's development and to formulating a diagnostic profile. Subsequently, caregivers are instructed in various representational techniques that serve to enhance awareness of their own perceptions and of diverse infant manifestations. Using these representational skills, the group is then introduced to the techniques of previewing. Previewing refers to interactional sequences during which the caregiver relies upon her perceptions and predictions of imminent development to gradually acquaint the infant with specific maturational changes. Final sessions explore termination issues in terms of the dual forces of separation and intimacy that are encompassed by the developmental processes. This model can benefit highly adaptive caregivers, as well as those whose interaction with their infants is less than optimal.
The internally located telomeric sequences in the germ-line chromosomes of tetrahymena are at the ends of transposon-like elements

Abstract The germ-line micronuclear genome of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila contains ∼10 2 chromosome-internal blocks of tandemly repeated C 4 A 2 sequences (mic C 4 A 2 ). This repeated sequence is the telomeric sequence in the somatic macronucleus. Each of six cloned micC 4 A 2 was found to be adjacent to a conserved 30 bp sequence, which we propose is the terminal inverted repeat of a family of DNA elements (the Tel-1 family). This 30 bp sequence contains a site for the infrequently cutting restriction enzyme Bst XI, which allows full-length Tel-1 elements to be cut out of the micronuclear genome. BAL 31 exonuclease digestion of Bst XI-cut micronuclear DNA showed the majority of micC 4 A 2 blocks to be associated with the ends of the Tel-1 family. We propose that Tel-1 elements are transposable and suggest a novel mechanism to account for the origin of micC 4 A 2 , in which telomeric repeats are added to the ends of free linear forms of the transposable elements prior to reintegration.
Does Marriage Boost Men’s Wages?: Identification of Treatment Effects in Fixed Effects Regression Models for Panel Data

Social scientists have generated a large and inconclusive literature on the effect(s) of marriage on men’s wages. Researchers have hypothesized that the wage premium enjoyed by married men may reflect both a tendency for more productive men to marry and an effect of marriage on productivity. To sort out these explanations, researchers have used fixed effects regression models for panel data to adjust for selection on unobserved time-invariant confounders, interpreting coefficients for the time-varying marriage variables as effects. However, they did not define these effects or give conditions under which the regression coefficients would warrant a causal interpretation. Consequently, they failed to appropriately adjust for important time-varying confounders and misinterpreted their results. Regression models for panel data with unobserved time-invariant confounders are also widely used in many other policy-relevant contexts and the same problems arise there. This article draws on recent statistical work o...
Medical Family Therapy: Opportunity for Workforce Development in Healthcare

Health care in the United States is failing; the system as we know it is in ﬁnancial ruins (e.g.,Himmelstein et al. 2009; World Health Organization 2000). As the prevalence of chronicillness and health disparities continues to increase, many healthcare systems maintain thatthey are operating through a fragmented model of care that is inefﬁcient, expensive, and ripewith opportunities for over-treatment, under-treatment, and misdiagnosis (Dixon andSamarth 2009; Institute of Medicine 2001). Systems that function in ‘‘disciplinary silos’’result in medical contexts that are void of psychosocial assessments and indicated treat-ments when patients are faced with symptoms that are perceived solely through a physicalhealth lens. The same occurs in mental health venues wherein medical conditions, pro-viders, and prescriptions are not considered when gathering information about a family’shistory, setting clinical goals, or planning treatment. A potential resolution to these chal-lenges was put into motion in March 2010 when the Patient Protection and Affordable CareAct (PPACA) was signed into law, providing an opportunity to redesign healthcare delivery.Given that approximately 70 % of patients who are seen in primary care have a psy-chosocial issue (Follette and Cummings 1967; Fries et al. 1993; Gatchel and Oordt 2003;
Partially confined multiple jet mixing

Results of hot-wire measurements in an incompressible partially confined jet issuing from an array of rectangular nozzles, equally spaced with their small dimensions aligned are presented. The quantities measured include mean velocity and the Reynolds stress in the two central planes of the jet at stations covering up to 115 widths (small dimension of a nozzle) downstream of the nozzle exit. For downstream distances greater than 60 widths, the flowfield is observed to be nearly homogenous and the turbulence appears to be quite similar to that of a grid generated turbulence.
A 1V 10b 30MSPS Switched-RC Pipelined ADC

A 10b 30MS/s pipelined ADC using fully-differential switched-RC multiplying digital-to-analog converter (MDAC) is presented. It utilizes a resistive loop to reset the feedback capacitor in the MDAC without using the floating switch. The measured differential and integral nonlinearities of the prototype IC fabricated in a 0.13mum CMOS process are less than 0.54 LSB and 1.75 LSB respectively. The prototype ADC achieves 51.6dB SNARED and 65.9dB SFDR with IV supply while consuming 17mW power.
Development and Applications of Five New Water Quality Indices

Two indices, P1 and I, employing ranked data and following the beta distribution, are described. These indices, which are true statistical measures of water quality, can be used with any set of parameters. Further, these indices correlate highly with biological and subjective-engineering assessments of water quality. Three indices, employing raw data and based on the chi-square distribution, are described. Two of these, B1 and B2, do not have sufficient discrimination to serve as general measures of water quality, although they have use in specific circumstances. The index C has been found to be a measure of excessive variability (at a station), and can be used to quantitatively compare the (data) variability among stations. The five indices described here are evaluated against a set of operational criteria which a mathematically sound index should meet.
Dependence of Glycine CH2 Stretching Frequencies on Conformation, Ionization State, and Hydrogen Bonding

We experimentally and theoretically examined the conformation, pH, and temperature dependence of the CH2 stretching frequencies of glycine (gly) in solution and in the crystalline state. To separate the effects of the amine and carboxyl groups on the CH2 stretching frequencies we examined the Raman spectra of 2,2,2-d3-ethylamine (CD3-CH2-NH2) and 3,3,3-d3-propionic acid (CD3-CH2-COOH) in D2O. The symmetric (nusCH2) and asymmetric (nuasCH2) stretching frequencies show a significant dependence on gly conformation. We quantified the relation between the frequency splitting (Delta = nuasCH2-nusCH2) and the xi angle which determines the gly conformational geometry. This relation allows us to determine the conformation of gly directly from the Raman spectral frequencies. We observe a large dependence of the nusCH2 and nuasCH2 frequencies on the ionization state of the amine group, which we demonstrate theoretically results from a negative hyperconjugation between the nitrogen lone pair and the C-H antibonding orbitals. The magnitude of this effect is maximized for C-H bonds trans to the nitrogen lone pair. In contrast, a small dependence of the CH2 stretching frequencies on the carboxyl group ionization state arises from delocalization of electron density from carboxyl oxygen to C-H bonding orbitals. According to our experimental observations and theoretical calculations the temperature dependence of the nusCH2 and nuasCH2 of gly is due to the change in the hydrogen-bonding strength of the amine/carboxyl groups to water.
Nitrogen fixation and release of fixed nitrogen by Trichodesmium spp. in the Gulf of Mexico

During a 3-yr study in the Gulf of Mexico, we measured dinitrogen (N 2 ) fixation and nitrogen (N) release by Trichodesmium and compared these rates with water column N demand and the estimated N necessary to support blooms of Karenia brevis, a toxic dinoflagellate that severely affects the West Florida shelf. Net and gross N 2 fixation rates were compared in simultaneous incubations using 15 N 2 uptake and acetylene reduction, respectively. The difference between net and gross N 2 fixation is assumed to be an approximation of the rate of N release. Results demonstrate that Trichodesmium in the Gulf of Mexico are fixing N 2 at high rates and that an average of 52% of this recently fixed N 2 is rapidly released. Calculations suggest that observed densities of Trichodesmium can provide enough N to support moderately sized K. brevis blooms. Based on other studies where 15 N 2 and acetylene reduction were compared directly, it appears that N release from Trichodesmium is common but varies in magnitude among environments. In addition, carbon (C) and N-based doubling times for Trichodesmium vary among studies and environments. Comparing gross N 2 fixation and C fixation directly, C-based doubling times exceeded N-based doubling times, which suggests an imbalance in elemental turnover or a failure to fully quantify Trichodesmium N use.
A highly efficient dinuclear Cu(II) chemosensor for colorimetric and fluorescent detection of cyanide in water

A novel dinuclear copper chemosensor selectively binds cyanide over a wide range of inorganic anions, enabling it to detect cyanide in water at up to 0.02 ppm, which is 10 times lower than the EPA standard for drinking water.
Finding Common Ground Between New Urbanism and Landscape Urbanism

The urban design movements of New Urbanism and Landscape Urbanism are widely regarded as fundamentally opposed, but this paper argues that while their differences are indeed substantial, they possess key similarities that are overlooked. Both movements focus primarily on the context of suburban sprawl, which they regard as the crucial challenge for contemporary urban design. Furthermore, they share an interest in the role of regulations, codes and infrastructures in shaping urbanism, and view such factors as design tools to be actively used. The potential exists for fruitful collaboration and synthesis between the two sides, if they are able to perceive this common ground.
Deadlock control with Ada95

The Ada programming language is unique in its high-level concurrency facilities, supported by a secure and powerful set of programming constructs. Ada 95 now has additional capabilities, specifically the protected type construct.Although the Ada rendezvous is prone to deadlock, a careful discipline can ensure that this type of dead state does not occur. Restricting task communication assists in preventing deadlock, yet such restrictions may be too limiting and/or too inefficient for an application. Indeed, several researchers have suggested that deadlock should not be prevented, but monitored and corrected during testing and/or run time.This paper takes the position that deadlock should be prevented by following specific guidelines in the use of the rendezvous. We define deadlock, show how it can occur with Ada tasks, and outline mechanisms that are appropriate for its control.
Stress-related mental disorders in childhood cancer survivors.

Background This report evaluated the association between surviving pediatric cancer and receiving a diagnosis of a stress-related mental disorder (SRMD) (i.e., post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), acute stress disorder, or adjustment disorders). Procedure The dataset comprised a cohort of Medicaid eligible children, ages birth to 15 years during baseline years 1996–2001 and followed at least 1 year until age 19 years or the end of 2003. Childhood cancer survivors (N = 390) identified from the SC Central Cancer Registry were frequency matched within age groups at each baseline year to children with no history of malignancy (N = 1,329). Survival curves and cumulative incidence of SRMD were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pediatric cancer survival and selected covariates. Results The 8-year incidence of SRMD was 18.6% (95% CI: 12.47, 24.8) among childhood cancer survivors and 7.3% (5.0, 9.6) among children with no history of malignancy, HR = 3.22 (2.17, 4.76). Significant covariates for this group included race, sex, and previous mental disorder, adjusted HR = 3.00 (2.02, 4.45). Significant predictors among the childhood cancer survivors included cancer type, age group, treatment, and previous mental disorder. Conclusions Given the potential benefit of interventions for those with prior psychopathology, that children are less likely to verbalize emotional problems, and the detrimental implications of undiagnosed mental disorders, the health evaluations of childhood cancer patients and the follow-up visits for the survivors should incorporate assessment for mental disorders, especially SRMD. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:98–103. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CIRCUMSCRIBED DILATION OF AN ARTERY IMMEDIATELY DISTAL TO A PARTIALLY OCCLUDING BAND, AND ITS BEARING ON THE DILATION OF THE SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY OBSERVED IN CERTAIN CASES OF CERVICAL RIB

1. A partially occluded artery may dilate distal to the site of constriction. 2. The dilation is circumscribed. 3. When the constriction has been either slight in amount or complete, dilation has not been observed. 4. The dilation was greatest when the lumen of the artery (the aorta) was reduced to one-third or perhaps one-fourth of its original size (Figs. 8 and 11). 5. Dilation or aneurysm of the subclavian artery has been observed twenty-seven or more times in cases of cervical rib. 6. The dilation of the subclavian is circumscribed, is distal to the point of constriction, and strikingly resembles the dilation which we have produced experimentally. 7. The genesis of the experimental dilation and of the subclavian dilation occurring with cervical rib is probably the same. 8. When the lumen of the aorta is considerably constricted the systolic pressure may be permanently so lowered and the diastolic pressure so increased that the pulse pressure is greatly diminished. 9. The experimentally produced dilations and the aneurysms of the subclavian artery in cases of cervical rib are probably not due to vasomotor paralysis, trauma, or sudden variations in blood pressure. 10. The abnormal, whirlpool-like play of the blood in the relatively dead pocket just below the site of the constriction, and the lowered pulse pressure may be the chief factors concerned in the production of the dilations. 11. Intimal surfaces brought, however gently, in contact by bands or ligatures do not, in our experience, unite by first intention, for the force necessary to occlude the artery is sufficient to cause necrosis of the arterial wall. 12. Bands, rolled ever so tightly, do not rupture the intima. 13. The death of the arterial wall having been brought about by the pressure of the band, a gradual substitution of the necrotic tissue takes place, the new vessels penetrating it from both ends. It is, I believe, in this manner that an artery becomes occluded, and it is thus that a fibrous cord forms within the constricting band.
Outlink estimation for pagerank computation under missing data

The enormity and rapid growth of the web-graph forces quantities such as its pagerank tobe computed under missing information consisting of outlinks of pages that have not yet been crawled. This paper examines the role played by the size and distribution of this missing data in determining the accuracy of the computed pagerank, focusing on questions such as (i) the accuracy of pageranks under missing information, (ii) the size at which a crawl process may be aborted while still ensuring reasonable accuracy of pageranks, and (iii) algorithms to estimate pageranks under such missing information. Thefirst couple of questions are addressed on the basis of certain simple bounds relating the expected distance between the true and computed pageranks and the size of the missing data. The third question is explored by devising algorithms to predict the pageranks when full information is not available. A key feature of the "dangling link estimation" and "clustered link estimation" algorithms proposed is that, they do not need to run the pagerank iteration afresh once the outlinks have been estimated.
Technique for transjugular placement of an umbrella filter in a left inferior vena cava

Transjugular placement of a Mobin-Uddin umbrella fillter in an anomalous left inferior vena cava to prevent recurrent pulmonary embolization may present technical difficulties. Preforming a slight curve in the applicator wire a short distance from its tip allowed catheterization and proper position of a fillter in two cases.
An ankyrin-based mechanism for functional organization of dystrophin and dystroglycan.

Summary β-dystroglycan (DG) and the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) are localized at costameres and neuromuscular junctions in the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle. We present evidence for an ankyrin-based mechanism for sarcolemmal localization of dystrophin and β-DG. Dystrophin binds ankyrin-B and ankyrin-G, while β-DG binds ankyrin-G. Dystrophin and β-DG require ankyrin-G for retention at costameres but not delivery to the sarcolemma. Dystrophin and β-DG remain intracellular in ankyrin-B-depleted muscle, where β-DG accumulates in a juxta-TGN compartment. The neuromuscular junction requires ankyrin-B for localization of dystrophin/utrophin and β-DG and for maintenance of its postnatal morphology. A Becker muscular dystrophy mutation reduces ankyrin binding and impairs sarcolemmal localization of dystrophin-Dp71. Ankyrin-B also binds to dynactin-4, a dynactin subunit. Dynactin-4 and a subset of microtubules disappear from sarcolemmal sites in ankyrin-B-depleted muscle. Ankyrin-B thus is an adaptor required for sarcolemmal localization of dystrophin, as well as dynactin-4.
Reduced information feedback on a selection concept learning task

A procedure to reduce information feedback on selection concept learning problems with nonfixed solutions is described. It has an advantage over similar procedures since it requires no electronic equipment. Female college students solved four concept problems under reduced or standard feedback conditions. The results showed more card choices to solution with reduced feedback and no differences on the other measures. Questionnaire data revealed no significant differences between feedback conditions in perceptions of the task.
Distributed quiescence detection in multiagent negotiation

In a distributed multiagent negotiation involving multiple issues, it is often desirable to finalize deals only when all related issues are resolved. However, detecting that a multiagent negotiation has reached a globally quiescent state can be a nontrivial task in a distributed, asynchronous system. We present a quiescence detection protocol based on the Dijkstra-Scholten algorithm for distributed termination detection (D.W. Dijkstra and C.S. Scholten, 1980). The protocol operates as a layer on top of an underlying mediated negotiation protocol. If agents conform to the detection protocol, the detection process terminates iff the negotiation is quiescent. We discuss agent incentives to deviate from the protocol, and describe extensions that enforce adherence with respect to the most significant potential deviations.
Index of Refraction and Verdet Constant of Atomic Helium

The index of refraction and Verdet constant of atomic helium are calculated with the Pade approximant method from the first two oscillator strengths and the numerical values of α+(ν) which are connected with the dynamic polarizability α(ν) through the relation α(ν) = α+(ν) + α+(−ν). The results are compared with the experimental as well as the theoretical and semiempirical values.
Identification of prolactin cells in a mammosomatotropic tumor by the unlabeled-antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method.

SummaryTo our knowledge, this is the first report on the immunocytochemical identification of prolactin-producing cells in the MtTW15 mammosomatotropic tumor variant. Cells staining positively for prolactin were characterized by extreme heterogenity of size, shape, and nuclear morphology. Only about 10% of the cells of tumor nodules were stained positively for prolactin. Roller cultures of MtTW15 tumor cells were not readily established; however, immunocytochemical staining revealed prolactin positive cells of diverse shapes in cultured cells as well.The authors express their gratitude to the NIAMDD for the rabbit anti-rat prolactin antiserum and to Ms. Karen Jensen and Virginia Lee for valuable technical assistance.
The Importance of Drug Self-Administration Studies in the Analysis of Abuse Liability

The author discusses the rationale and procedures involved in analyzing research subjects'self-administration of drugs of abuse. The discussion is limited to data obtained on abuse of caffeine, nicotine, anabolic steroids, and designer drugs. The studies were not chosen to represent an exhaustive discussion of the issues, but to illustrate the importance of obtaining experimental data from both human and non-human subjects to better understand factors related to human drug abuse.
Sing Us a Song, Piano Woman: Female Fans and the Music of Tori Amos Adrienne Trier‐Bieniek. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2013.

Sing Us a Song, Piano Woman: Female Fans and the Music of Tori Amos Adrienne Trier-Bieniek. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2013.Adrienne Trier-Bieniek's Sing Us a Song, Piano Woman: Female Fans and the Music of Tori Amos offers a visionary glimpse into the myriad of ways that Amos's recorded music and live performances positively impact her fans. The book blends primary and secondary sources in order to "jump start a conversation about women, music, and fandom" (13). The "Introduction" of the text outlines Tori Amos's career, provides an explanation of research methods, and offers insight into each of the book's six chapters. Throughout the text, feminist theorists (including Judith Butler and Laura Mulvey) provide context alongside Trier-Bieniek's analysis of first-person female fan interviews. Rather than examining popular musicians who promote style over substance (e.g., Britney Spears), the focus of this study surrounds the complex ways in which Tori Amos and her ethos impact the ways in which fans relate to, discuss, and deconstruct her music.The book chronicles six chapters, the first of which being '"Cock Rock' and 'Teenybop.'" Here, Trier-Bieniek establishes the role of gender in the music industry through a historical lens and presents connective links between various female singer-songwriters. Especially relevant is the section where Tori Amos sites Joni Mitchell and Kate Bush as early influences on her personal craft. Additionally, female fans expound via first-person interview content on how their "connection" to "music is gendered" (26). The book delves into the issues surrounding contemporary music and feminism in the next section.Chapter 2, "Challenging the Pop Culture Portrait of Female Fans," focuses specifically on music history with respect to specific female artists and feminism. Andocentric paradigms are contrasted with the ways in which Amos gives voice to women's concerns within her lyrics. Trier-Bieniek posits, "Tori's fans recognize that by situating women at the center of her songs (as well as drawing on her own experience as a woman in a male-dominated field), she goes against previous studies of culture that have focused on and used men as representatives for both genders' musical preferences" (42). After accepting that music production fights against patriarchy and noting how the aims of feminism can be expressed through music, the text turns its attention to the social roles of Amos's female fans.Chapter 3, "Musical Healing," examines the ways in which female fans respond to Tori Amos's opus as a means for self-reflection and internal growth. …
Attitude Influencers in C2C E-Commerce: Buying and Selling

C2C e-commerce is a growing area for interactions, and ultimately, transactions. However, very little is known about buyers and sellers in these transactions. This study examines the risk and trust of buyers and sellers by developing two attitudinal models — attitude towards purchasing (for buyers) and attitude towards selling (for sellers). Collecting 248 survey responses from undergraduate students, the results indicate that both trust of the seller and risk of the seller influence the buyer's attitude towards purchasing, but the model changes for seller's attitude towards selling, trust and attitude are combined into one variable and risk is not found to be an influence. A discussion of the implications of these findings is provided along with conclusions.
Distributed Real-Time Non-Linear Receding Horizon Control Methodology for Multi-Agent Consensus Problems

This work investigates the consensus problem for multi-agent nonlinear systems through the real-time nonlinear receding horizon control methodology. A scheme is developed to reach the consensus for nonlinear multi-agent systems under fixed directed/undirected graph(s) without any linearization technique. The problem of consensus is converted into an optimization problem and is directly solved by the backwards sweep Riccati method to generate the control protocol which is a non-iterative algorithm. Stability analysis is conducted to provide convergence guarantees. An extension to the leader-following consensus problem of nonlinear systems is presented. Several examples are provided to validate the effectiveness of the presented scheme.
H3K4 tri-methylation breadth at transcription start sites impacts the transcriptome of systemic lupus erythematosus

The autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has a modified epigenome with modified tri-methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) at specific loci across the genome. H3K4me3 is a canonical chromatin mark of active transcription. Recent studies have suggested that H3K4me3 breadth has an important regulatory role in cell identity. This project examined H3K4me3 breadth at transcription start sites (TSS) in primary monocytes and its association with differential gene transcription in SLE. Integrative analysis was applied to chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data generated from primary monocytes as well as genomic data available in public repositories. Four distinctive H3K4me3 patterns of ChIP-seq peaks were identified at 8399 TSSs. Narrow peaks were highly enriched with genes related to housekeeping functions. The broader peaks with extended H3K4me3 immediately upstream and/or downstream of TSS were associated with immune response genes. Many TSSs had downstream H3K4me3 extended to ~650 bp, where the transition of H3K4me3 to H3K36me3, a transcriptional elongation mark, is often found. The H3K4me3 pattern was strongly associated with transcription in SLE. Genes with narrow peaks were less likely (OR = 0.14, p = 2 × 10−4) while genes with extended downstream H3K4me3 were more likely (OR = 2.37, p = 1 × 10−11) to be overexpressed in SLE. Of the genes significantly overexpressed in SLE, 78.8 % had increased downstream H3K4me3 while only 47.1 % had increased upstream H3K4me3. Gene transcription sensitively and consistently responded to H3K4me3 change downstream of TSSs. Every 1 % increase of H3K4me3 in this region leads to ~1.5 % average increase of transcription. We identified the immediate TSS downstream nucleosome as a crucial regulator responsible for transcription changes in SLE. This study applied a unique method to study the effect of H3K4me3 breadth on diseases and revealed new insights about epigenetic modifications in SLE, which could lead to novel treatments.
IRS Says Foreign Tax Not Compulsory, But Taxpayers Need Not Agree

In a recent chief counsel advice, the IRS concluded that, under the noncompulsory payment regulation, a taxpayer's otherwise-allowable U.S. foreign tax credit must be reduced to the extent that the taxpayer could have reduced its U.K. corporation tax by increasing its liability for a noncreditable U.K. tax. The author concludes that neither the plain language of the noncompulsory payment regulation nor the underlying policies of the regulation support the result reached by the IRS. Thus, the author concludes that, while not free from doubt, the result reached in the chief counsel advice appears erroneous.
Computing randomized security strategies in networked domains

Traditionally, security decisions have been made without explicitly accounting for adaptive, intelligent attackers. Recent game theoretic security models have explicitly included attacker response in computing randomized security policies. Techniques to date, however, generally fail to explicitly account for interdependence between the targets to be secured, which is of vital importance in a variety of domains, including cyber, supply chain, and critical infrastructure security. We introduce a novel framework for computing optimal randomized security policies in networked domains which extends previous approaches in two ways. First, we extend previous linear programming techniques for Stackelberg security games to incorporate benefits and costs of arbitrary security configurations on individual assets. Second, we offer a principled model of failure cascades that allows us to capture both the direct and indirect value of assets. Finally, we use our framework to analyze four models, two based on random graph generation models, a simple model of interdependence between critical infrastructure and key resource sectors, and a model of the Fedwire interbank payment network.
The hunting industry: Exploring the marriage of consumerism, sport hunting, and commercial entertainment

This article makes a case for the inclusion of sport hunting in studies of consumer culture. This argument is advanced through an analysis of “the hunting industry” in North America. The hunting industry comprises a vast commercial network, exemplified by specialty retailers and advertiser-supported media involved in the marketing of hunting-related merchandise. The analysis contrasts environmental and cultural conservation, on the one hand, with consumerism and commercial media, on the other. These themes are situated historically and theoretically and then examined empirically by focusing on cable television channels devoted to hunting and on Cabela’s, an international retail chain that sells branded hunting and fishing equipment and sponsors media productions. Based on consideration of these venues, including a description of Cabela’s stores, which are renowned for their size and spectacular attractions, it is argued that a commercial industry built around hunting manifests contradictions between conse...
Modified immunoassays for polyether toxins: implications of biological matrixes, metabolic states, and epitope recognition.

Polyether marine toxins are responsible for the seafood intoxication phenomena known as neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (due to brevetoxins), ciguatera (due to ciguatoxin), and diarrheic shellfish poisoning (due to okadaic acid). Using traditional techniques of hapten (pure toxin) conjugation to protein to create complete antigen, animal immunization and antibody isolation, and specific antibody subpopulation purification, discriminating antibodies have been isolated that detect brevetoxins and ciguatoxin, but not okadaic acid, in a dose-dependent fashion. Using microorganic chemistry and purified toxins, a unique set of tools has been created for the study of polyether ladder toxin accumulation; depuration; and specific site localization in tissues, food sources, and clinical samples. Developed test protocols can detect toxin in dinoflagellate cells, in extracts from food sources, in seawater and culture media, and in human serum samples. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay protocols developed for eventual collaborative testing have been successful in limited applications within the laboratory (correlation coefficient of 0.92 excluding 2 outliers), and alternative formats are being developed to optimize the basic test for use in research laboratories, regulatory laboratories, and field inspections
Rethinking the unconscious: the unacknowledged contribution of Edward Sapir to Claude Lévi-Strauss and Jacques Lacan.

Sapir defined the human unconscious as a mechanism (based on phonemes learned during language acquisition) which imposes linguistic forms upon out-of-awareness 'psychic content' or 'elements of experience', rather than as a repository of repressed impulses or ideas striving for expression. In contemporary terms this activity may be regarded as unconscious information processing prequisite to experiential residues becoming available to conscious attention. It also imposes (as in 'projecting') the observer's cultural forms, modified by developmental experience, upon communications from others. This view antedates Levi-Strauss' unconscious which 'transforms' elements of the past 'into language' and Lacan's unconscious structured 'like a language'. The clinical psychoanalytic study of out-of-awareness mental processes, understood as a dialectic shaped by the discrepancy in power between analyst and patient, illuminates the unstable relationship between the words or signifiers selected by the patient from the infinite lexicon of available, usually socially shared, verbal or non-verbal language (his plane of expression) and his varied preconscious collections of signifieds, including cultural as well as personal developmental knowledge (his plane of content).
Dust Mite–Induced Perennial Allergic Rhinitis in Pediatric Patients and Sublingual Immunotherapy

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common illness in children and can impair their quality of life. Furthermore, many children remain symptomatic despite maximizing systemic antihistamine and topical therapies. It is at this clinical juncture that immunotherapy may be considered. The efficacy and safety associated with both subcutaneous (SCIT) and sublingual (SLIT) approaches are reviewed and positioned as treatment options for pediatric patients, with specific focus on current literature as it relates to SLIT in children, including those with perennial allergic rhinitis. Although there is more extensive experience with SLIT treatment in Europe, grass and ragweed tablet forms of SLIT are approved in the US. Approaches to the care of pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis are presented.
The Underlying Principles of the US Tax System

This chapter covers the core principles that govern the US tax system—tax neutrality, tax equity, tax simplicity, fairness, and administrability—as well as their inefficiencies. New ideas and proposals are also discussed.
Rare Malignancies of the Kidney: Evaluation and Management

Up to twenty percent of renal masses suspicious for renal cell carcinoma in adults are not RCC upon final pathology. While many of these tumors are benign, those that are malignant tend to be aggressive and lethal. Rare malignancies can often be diagnosed with renal biopsy. Many of these malignancies require additional or alternative oncologic therapies and close collaboration with medical and/or radiation oncologists. This chapter reviews the pathologic, diagnostic, therapeutic, including surgical and non-surgical approaches, and prognostic considerations pertaining to these uncommon renal malignancies. Covered are renal sarcoma, renal lymphoma, metastatic disease, carcinoid adult Wilms’ tumor, primitive neuroendocrine tumor, and small cell carcinoma.
Low-Frequency Seismic Surface Waves in the Upper Mississippi Embayment

Low-frequency seismic surface waves lasting about 6 minutes were recorded at Memphis following the magnitude 4.6 Risco, Missouri earthquake of May 4, 1991. The motion following S included a very long, sinusoidal train of Love waves with periods of 3 to 5 seconds and weaker groups of Rayleigh waves of periods between 2 and 7 seconds arriving early and late. The unusual Risco surface waves travel a source-receiver path internal to the upper Mississippi embayment, a shallow basin containing soft, young sediments overlying rigid carbonate rocks. In contrast to the strong Risco surface waves, the magnitude 4.8 Cape Girardeau, Missouri earthquake of September 26, 1990, which occurred near the edge of the basin, produced relatively weak surface waves at Memphis. The Risco and Cape Girardeau earthquakes are the largest regional earthquakes ever recorded on long-period and broad-band seismographs within the embayment. They show that (1) the sedimentary basin has a profound effect on low-frequency seismic surface waves; (2) the velocity dispersion of a Love wave mode and two Rayleigh wave modes between periods of 2 and 7 sec is well explained by the layering of low-velocity embayment sediments overlying the high-velocity Knox dolomite; (3) because of their strong dispersion, the characteristic basin surface waves can shake the entire embayment for several minutes following any large intra-basin earthquake; (4) excitation of this characteristic basin disturbance seems to be inefficient for strong earthquakes marginal or external to the basin. Lacking direct measurements of shear velocity in the young embayment clastic section, we find that a simple non-linear relationship between shear velocity and logged compressional velocity makes the sediment physical properties compatible with the observed surface wave dispersion.
Lymphotoxin-beta (LT-β) spielt eine entscheidende Rolle in T-Zell vermittelter Tumorregression

Lymphotoxin-beta (LT-s) spielt eine entscheidende Rolle in T-Zell vermittelter Tumorregression: Durch adoptiven Transfer tumorspezifischer T-Lymphozyten aus Tumorvakzin-drainierenden Lymphknoten (TVDLN) kann eine komplette Remission solider Tumoren induziert werden. Die tumorspezifische Freisetzung von Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), einem Typ-1-Zytokin, wird mit der therapeutischen Effektivitat adoptiv transferierter T-Lymphozyten in Verbindung gebracht. Vor kurzem wurde LT-s als weiteres Typ-1-Zytokin identifiziert, welches von aktivierten T-Lymphoyzten exprimiert wird. Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Einflus von IFN-γ und LT-s bei der T-Zell vermittelten Tumorregression anhand des etablierten murinen Melanom Modells B16BL6-D5 (D5) zu untersuchen. Wildtyp (wt) und IFN-γ-Knock-out-(GKO)Mause wurden mit D5-G6, einem stabilen, mGM-CSF transfizierten D5-Subklon s.c. geimpft, um therapeutische T-Zellen aus den TVDLN zu generieren. Die TVDLN wurden zwei Tage mit Anti-CD3 aktiviert, drei Tage mit IL-2 stimuliert und anschliesend adoptiv in wt- oder GKO-Mause mit etablierten pulmonalen D5-Mikrometastasen transferiert. Neutralisierendes mLT-sFc-Fusionsprotein oder Kontrollig wurde vor dem adoptiven T-Zell-Transfer sowie in den folgenden drei Tagen i.v. appliziert, um von den wt- und GKO-TVDLN-Zellen sezerniertes LT-s in vivo zu neutralisieren. Die tumorspezifische Zytokinsekretion wurde in vitro durch ELISA bestimmt. D5-Tumorzellen exprimierten den LT-s-Rezeptor. Sowohl wt- als auch GKO-Effektor-T-Lymphoyzten exprimierten LT-s. Effektor-T-Zellen aus TVDLN von wt- und GKO-Mausen induzierten eine signifikante Tumorremission (p < 0,05), verlangerten signifikant das Uberleben der behandelten Tiere (p < 0,05) und induzierten eine lang anhaltende Immunitat gegen D5 (p < 0,05). Durch in vivo Neutralisation von LT-s wurde die therapeutische Effektivitat der adoptiv transferierten GKO-, jedoch nicht der wt-T-Lymphozyten aufgehoben (p < 0,05).
Factors That Affect Microbial Growth in Food

Food microbiologists need a knowledge of the factors that influence microbial growth. Desirable growth conditions are needed for enumeration, fermentations, or the production of single-cell protein. Undesirable conditions are used for food preservation.
Umbilical Cord Hepcidin Concentrations Are Positively Associated with the Variance in Iron Status among Multiple Birth Neonates

Background Hepcidin is a systemic regulator of iron homeostasis. Little is known about the relative role of maternal compared with cord hepcidin on neonatal iron homeostasis. Objective This study was undertaken to evaluate inter- and intrauterine variance in neonatal iron status, vitamin B-12, folate, and inflammatory markers in a cohort of twins (n = 50), triplets (n = 14), and quadruplets (n = 1) born to 65 women. Methods Umbilical cord blood was obtained from 144 neonates born at 34.8 ± 2.7 wk of gestation with a mean birth weight of 2236 ± 551 g (means ± SDs). Cord hemoglobin and cord serum measures of ferritin (SF), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), hepcidin, erythropoietin (EPO), iron, vitamin B-12, folate, interleukin 6, and C-reactive protein were evaluated. Results Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analyses were used to examine inter- and intrauterine variance in neonatal iron indicators. A greater variability in cord hepcidin (ICC = 0.39) was found between siblings. Cord hepcidin had the greatest association with cord iron indicators because cord hepcidin alone captured 63.8%, 48.4%, 44.4%, and 31.3% of the intrauterine variance in cord hemoglobin, SF, sTfR, and EPO, respectively, whereas maternal hepcidin had no effect on cord iron indicators. Significantly greater differences in cord SF (P = 0.03), sTfR (P = 0.03), hepcidin (P = 0.0003), and EPO (P = 0.03) were found between di- and trichorionic siblings than between monochorionic siblings. In contrast, cord folate (ICC = 0.79) and vitamin B-12 (ICC = 0.74) exhibited a greater variability between unrelated neonates. Conclusions In summary, fetally derived hepcidin might have more control on intrauterine variance in iron indicators than maternal hepcidin and appears to be capable of regulating fetal iron status independently of maternal hepcidin. The use of a multiple-birth model provides a unique way to identify factors that may contribute to placental nutrient transport and iron stores at birth.
The Role of Legal Writing Faculty in an Integrated Curriculum: Reporter's Notes on

This article examines the role that members of the Legal Research and Writing (LRW) faculty should have in an integrated curriculum. Specifically, this article discusses the need for LRW faculty to broaden their pedagogical horizons by teaching more doctrine and theory, and the need of law schools to recognize the value of LRW-related expertise. Teaching advanced legal writing courses and courses outside the LRW curriculum exposes the faculty to new thinking regarding theory and doctrine. By expanding their teaching areas, LRW faculty may also be able to overcome the "us versus them" mentality that has often characterized their real and perceived relationships to colleagues who teach primarily doctrine and theory. Furthermore, members of the LRW faculty are experts in the pedagogy of legal analysis, research and writing and law schools need to give the LRW faculty a corresponding amount of authority regarding the planning and teaching of courses within an integrated curriculum.
Models-3/CMAQ Applications which Illustrate Capability and Functionality

The Models-3/CMAQ developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is a third generation multiscale, multi-pollutant air quality modeling system within a highlevel, object-oriented computer framework (Models-3). It has been available to the scientific community since July 1998 with annual releases since that date. The system was designed to be flexible and modular. The science has been documented (USEPA, 1999a) and a user guide prepared for the framework (USEPA, 1999b). Current users of Models-3/CMAQ have tried various options in their applications, some of which will be shared at the First Annual Models3 Workshop to be held in June 2000 (http://www.epa.gov/asmdnerl/models3).
Node-Centric Hybrid Routing for Wireless Internetworking

Multihop packet radio networks (or ad-hoc networks) consist of wireless routers that interconnect attached hosts without the need of any pre-established communication infrastructure. These networks play an important role in relief scenarios, battlefields and conference scenarios, where there is no base infrastructure.
The effect of the Las Vegas Strip on hotel prices: a hedonic approach.

The authors investigate the effect of location on the nightly hotel room rates charged in Las Vegas. Using a hedonic estimation approach, the authors control for room amenities and hotel and time c...