cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Experience of Injustice Social Psychological and Clinical Perspectives

Despite our universal social need for justice, the presence of injustice is ubiquitous between people, groups, and societies. How the injustice is perceived and interpreted will determine how the individual respondsto it. On a social level, the individual’s perception of the source of injustice may result in attempts to rescue or make restitution to the victim or, alternatively, in attempts to blame the victim. On an internal, emotional level, the experience of oneself or of others as the victims or perpetrators of injustice has emotional sequelae—including, at times, an overall sense of the self as an innocent or responsible victim or harmdoer. These self-perceptions will, in turn, alter the individual’s social behavior toward others who are themselves victims or harmdoers.
A latent‐variable marginal method for multi‐level incomplete binary data

Incomplete multi-level data arise commonly in many clinical trials and observational studies. Because of multi-level variations in this type of data, appropriate data analysis should take these variations into account. A random effects model can allow for the multi-level variations by assuming random effects at each level, but the computation is intensive because high-dimensional integrations are often involved in fitting models. Marginal methods such as the inverse probability weighted generalized estimating equations can involve simple estimation computation, but it is hard to specify the working correlation matrix for multi-level data. In this paper, we introduce a latent variable method to deal with incomplete multi-level data when the missing mechanism is missing at random, which fills the gap between the random effects model and marginal models. Latent variable models are built for both the response and missing data processes to incorporate the variations that arise at each level. Simulation studies demonstrate that this method performs well in various situations. We apply the proposed method to an Alzheimer’s disease study.
A hidden Markov model to identify combinatorial epigenetic regulation patterns for estrogen receptor α target genes

Motivation: Many studies have shown that epigenetic changes, such as altered DNA methylation and histone modifications, are linked to estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive tumors and disease prognoses. Several recent studies have applied high-throughput technologies such as ChIP-seq and MBD-seq to interrogate the altered architectures of ERα regulation in tamoxifen (Tam)-resistant breast cancer cells. However, the details of combinatorial epigenetic regulation of ERα target genes in breast cancers with acquired Tam resistance have not yet been fully examined. Results: We developed a computational approach to identify and analyze epigenetic patterns associated with Tam resistance in the MCF7-T cell line as opposed to the Tam-sensitive MCF7 cell line, with the goal of understanding the underlying mechanisms of epigenetic regulatory influence on resistance to Tam treatment in breast cancer. In this study, we used ChIP-seq of ERα, RNA polymerase II, three histone modifications and MBD-seq data of DNA methylation in MCF7 and MCF7-T cells to train hidden Markov models (HMMs). We applied the Bayesian information criterion to determine that a 20-state HMM was best, which was reduced to a 14-state HMM with a Bayesian information criterion score of 1.21291 × 107. We further identified four classes of biologically meaningful states in this breast cancer cell model system, and a set of ERα combinatorial epigenetic regulated target genes. The correlated gene expression level and gene ontology analyses showed that different gene ontology terms were enriched with Tam-resistant versus sensitive breast cancer cells. Our study illustrates the applicability of HMM-based analysis of genome-wide high-throughput genomic data to study epigenetic influences on E2/ERα regulation in breast cancer. Contact: victor.jin@osumc.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins, MAPKs, and RSK2 Are Involved in the Phosphorylation of STAT3

Phosphorylation at Ser727 is known to be required for complete activation of STAT3 by diverse stimuli including UV irradiation, but the kinase(s) responsible for phosphorylating STAT3 (Ser727) is still not well discerned. In the present study, we observed that activation of ATM is required for a UVA-stimulated increase in Ser727 phosphorylation of STAT3 as well as in activation and phosphorylation of p90 ribosomal protein S6 kinases (RSKs). Moreover, UVA-stimulated activation of upstream kinases, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and ERKs, involved in mediating phosphorylation of RSKs and STAT3 was defective or delayed in ATM-deficient cells. Furthermore, we provide evidence that RSK2-deficient cells were defective for UV-induced Ser727 phosphorylation of STAT3, and the defect was restored after ectopic expression of transfected full-length RSK2.In vitro experiments showed that active RSK2 and JNK1 induce the phosphorylation of STAT3 precipitates from immunoprecipitation but not from glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down. Interestingly, the GST fusion STAT3 proteins mixed together with STAT3 immunoprecipitates can be phosphorylated by JNK. However, the in vitro phosphorylation of STAT3 was reduced by the GST-STAT3β protein, a dominant negative form of STAT3. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the STAT3 phosphorylation at Ser727 is triggered by active RSK2 or JNK1 in the presence of a downstream kinase or a cofactor, and thereby the intracellular phosphorylation process is stimulated through a signaling pathway involving ATM, MAPKs, RSK2, and an as yet unidentified kinase or cofactor. Additionally, RSK2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3 (Ser727) was further determined to be required for basal and UVA-stimulated STAT3 transcriptional activities.
First Report of Turnip mosaic virus in Rhubarb in Alaska

In July 2003, noticeable red lesions were observed on rhubarb leaves (Rheum rhababarum cv. Kerwin) from a plant at the Arctic Plant Germplasm Research and Introduction Project in Palmer, AK. Extracts of leaf tissue tested positive for a potyvirus using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blots with a monoclonal antibody specific to the potyvirus group (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN). During the following growing season (June 2004), obvious chlorotic ringspots developed into red lesions on the same plant and an adjacent plant of the same cultivar. Partially purified particles that were isolated from the infected rhubarb plants were mechanically inoculated to an experimental host range (number of infected plants per total number of plants), resulting in lesions on leaves of Rheum palmatum (1 of 2) and Chenopodium amaranticolor (3 of 5) but none on C. quinoa (0 of 4). The leaves with local lesions from C. amaranticolor were ground in phosphate buffer (1 g of tissue per 10 ml of buffer),...
Preferred-Frame and CP-Violation Tests with Polarized Electrons

We used a torsion pendulum containing {approx_equal}10{sup 23} polarized electrons to search new interactions that couple to electron spin. We limit CP-violating interactions between the pendulum's electrons and unpolarized matter in the Earth or the Sun, test for rotation and boost-dependent preferred-frame effects using the Earth's rotation and velocity with respect to the entire cosmos, and search for exotic velocity-dependent potentials between polarized electrons and unpolarized matter in the Sun and Moon. We find CP-violating parameters |g{sub P}{sup e}g{sub S}{sup N}|/(({Dirac_h}/2{pi})c) 1 AU. We test for preferred-frame interactions of the form V=-{sigma}{sup e}{center_dot}A, V=-B{sigma}{sup e}{center_dot}v/c, or , where v is the velocity of the Earth with respect to the cosmic microwave background restframe and i, j represent the equatorial inertial coordinates X, Y, and Z. We constrain all 3 components of A, obtaining 1{sigma} upper limits |A{sub X,Y}|{<=}1.5x10{sup -22} eV and |A{sub Z}|{<=}4.4x10{sup -21} eV that may be compared to the benchmark value m{sub e}{sup 2}/M{sub Planck}=2x10{sup -17} eV. Interpreting our constraint on A in terms of noncommutative geometry, we obtain an upper bound of (355l{sub GUT}){sup 2} on the minimum observable area, where l{sub GUT}=({Dirac_h}/2{pi})c/(10{sup 16} GeV) is the grandmore » unification length. We find that |B|{<=}1.2x10{sup -19} eV. All 9 components of C are constrained at the 10{sup -17} to 10{sup -18} eV level. We determine 9 linear combinations of parameters of the standard model extension; rotational-noninvariant and boost-noninvariant terms are limited at roughly the 10{sup -31} GeV and 10{sup -27} GeV levels, respectively. Finally, we find that the gravitational mass of an electron spinning toward the galactic center differs by less than about 1 part in 10{sup 21} from an electron spinning in the opposite direction. As a byproduct of this work, the density of polarized electrons in Sm Co{sub 5} was measured to be (4.19{+-}0.19)x10{sup 22} cm{sup -3} at a field of 9.6 kG.« less
Ultrasound-aided Multi-parametric Photoacoustic Microscopy of the Mouse Brain

High-resolution quantitative imaging of cerebral oxygen metabolism in mice is crucial for understanding brain functions and formulating new strategies to treat neurological disorders, but remains a challenge. Here, we report on our newly developed ultrasound-aided multi-parametric photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), which enables simultaneous quantification of the total concentration of hemoglobin (CHb), the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (sO2), and cerebral blood flow (CBF) at the microscopic level and through the intact mouse skull. The three-dimensional skull and vascular anatomies delineated by the dual-contrast (i.e., ultrasonic and photoacoustic) system provide important guidance for dynamically focused contour scan and vessel orientation-dependent correction of CBF, respectively. Moreover, bi-directional raster scan allows determining the direction of blood flow in individual vessels. Capable of imaging all three hemodynamic parameters at the same spatiotemporal scale, our ultrasound-aided PAM fills a critical gap in preclinical neuroimaging and lays the foundation for high-resolution mapping of the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2)-a quantitative index of cerebral oxygen metabolism. This technical innovation is expected to shed new light on the mechanism and treatment of a broad spectrum of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and ischemic stroke.
Processing-Microstructure-Property Relations in Anisotropic Thermal Sprayed Composites

Thermal spray is a significantly advanced but inherently complex deposition process that involves successive impingement of molten droplets on a substrate to form coating with a i°brick-walli± layered structure. The anisotropic microstructure of coatings is very sensitive to processing conditions and has significant influence on the properties. This study aims to understand the processing-microstructure-thermal property correlation of thermally sprayed coatings. Thermal transport properties of three coating systems forming composites with pores (yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) -Air), a second phase (Mo-Mo2C) and a graded material (YSZ-NiCrAlY) are interpreted from the point of view of microstructure and chemical composition. In the case of YSZ-Air composite, results indicate that porosity contribution from 20-35decreases the thermal conductivity by 50-70of the bulk value. For the intrinsic composite of Mo and Mo2C, which coexist as stable phases, thermal conductivity increases significantly with 1.75wtcarbon addition since it reduces formation of MoO2 during processing, but decreases with 3.5wtcarbon addition. This is attributed to larger carbide retention in the latter. For the discrete layered and graded composites of YSZ-NiCrAlY, which are made up of varying fractions of these two constituents, thermal conductivity decreases sharply up to 40wtYSZ and then more gradually with increasing YSZ content. This paper examines these experimental findings by treating the these complex coatings as multiphase composites.
Lesion registration for longitudinal disease tracking in an imaging informatics-based multiple sclerosis eFolder

We have designed and developed a multiple sclerosis eFolder system for patient data storage, image viewing, and automatic lesion quantification results stored in DICOM-SR format. The web-based system aims to be integrated in DICOM-compliant clinical and research environments to aid clinicians in patient treatments and data analysis. The system needs to quantify lesion volumes, identify and register lesion locations to track shifts in volume and quantity of lesions in a longitudinal study. In order to perform lesion registration, we have developed a brain warping and normalizing methodology using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) MATLAB toolkit for brain MRI. Patients’ brain MR images are processed via SPM’s normalization processes, and the brain images are analyzed and warped according to the tissue probability map. Lesion identification and contouring are completed by neuroradiologists, and lesion volume quantification is completed by the eFolder’s CAD program. Lesion comparison results in longitudinal studies show key growth and active regions. The results display successful lesion registration and tracking over a longitudinal study. Lesion change results are graphically represented in the web-based user interface, and users are able to correlate patient progress and changes in the MRI images. The completed lesion and disease tracking tool would enable the eFolder to provide complete patient profiles, improve the efficiency of patient care, and perform comprehensive data analysis through an integrated imaging informatics system.
Effect of Select Organic Compounds on Perchlorate Formation at Boron-doped Diamond Film Anodes

Rates of ClO4– formation from ClO3– oxidation were investigated in batch experiments as a function of organic compounds (p-nitrophenol, p-benzoquinone, p-methoxyphenol, and oxalic acid) and current density using boron-doped diamond film anodes. Excluding organics, ClO4– formation rates ranged from 359 to 687 μmoles m–2 min–1 for current densities of 1—10 mA cm–2. The presence of p-substituted phenols inhibited ClO4– formation rates between 13.0 and 99.6%. Results from a reactive-transport model of the diffuse layer adjacent to the anode surface indicate that competition between organics and ClO3• for OH• within a reaction zone (0.02—0.96 μm) adjacent to the anode controls ClO4– formation. Under kinetic-limited conditions (1.0 mA cm–2), organics reach the anode surface and substrates with higher OH• reaction rates demonstrate greater inhibition of perchlorate formation (IPF). At higher current densities (10 mA cm–2), organic compound oxidation becomes mass transfer-limited and compounds degrade a small dis...
Control of Infectious Synovitis 3. The Efficacy of Chlortetracycline with Relation to Time of Experimental Infection

ABSTRACT INFECTIOUS synovitis as caused by a filterable agent has been satisfactorily controlled in experimentally infected laboratory birds. Studies by Olson et al. (1957), Peterson et al. (1955–56) and Shelton et al. (1957) showed continuous chlortetracycline or oxytetracycline prophylaxis at 200 grams per ton of feed to be effective. Medication was more effective when started prior to or at time of experimental infection than if started slightly later. Wills and Delaplane (1955) using 200 to 500 grams of chlortetracycline per ton of feed reported that withdrawal of the medication resulted in the appearance of typical synovitis signs. Shelton et al. (1957) observed the same effect even when the antibiotic was fed for a longer period of time. Wills and Delaplane (1955) also noted that medication for five days at 200 grams followed by continuous feeding of 50 grams was inadequate in controlling the disease. Complete control was obtained by Shelton . . .
A Case-Control Study Assessing the Impact of Nonventilated Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia on Patient Outcomes

Background Nonventilated hospital-acquired pneumonia (NVHAP) is a serious nosocomial infection that is increasingly attributed to antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Methods This is a retrospective case-control study comparing patients with and those without NVHAP from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, a 1,300-bed urban academic medical center in St. Louis, Missouri. Results One hundred seventy-four consecutive patients with NVHAP were enrolled. A random sample of 696 control patients matched by age, sex, race, and hospital admission date were selected from a total of 5,322 potential matched control subjects. NVHAP was pathogen-negative in 98 cases (56.3%). Respiratory viruses were identified in 42 patients (24.1%), gram-negative bacteria were seen in 25 patients (14.4%), and gram-positive bacteria were identified in 20 patients (11.5%). Individuals in whom NVHAP developed were more likely to die (15.5% vs 1.6%; P P P P Conclusions The occurrence of NVHAP was associated with significant increases in mortality, the use of intensive care and mechanical ventilation, and hospital length of stay. We also found that respiratory viruses were an important cause of NVHAP. These findings suggest that efforts aimed at the successful prevention of NVHAP could improve patient outcomes and reduce health-care costs.
Wetting states of superhydrophobic surfaces made of polygonal pores or posts

In this work, a mathematical framework is developed to describe some of the important intermediate wetting states of a superhydrophobic surface between the two extreme states of Cassie and Wenzel. The superhydrophobic surfaces considered here are comprised of sharp-edged polygonal pores or posts. Two different critical pressures are defined in this work, and used to distinguish pinned, partially pinned, and de-pinned air–water interfaces from one another. This information, in particular, is used to develop predictive expressions for the critical pressure and wetted area of the surfaces. Good agreement is observed between the predictions of our expressions and those obtained from numerical calculations or experiment. The work presented here compares the pressure-dependent performances of the superhydrophobic surfaces having different pore or post designs with one another.
Critical review of gamma spectrometry detection approaches for in-plant surface deposition monitoring

Surface deposition of activated corrosion product on oxide layers of light-water reactor primary system components is the primary source for ex-core radiation fields and personnel radiation exposure. Understanding the deposition mechanism and what factors influence the deposition and release behaviors are crucial for developing effective radiation field reduction measures. One of the available tools to assess the surface deposition is inplant gamma spectrometry, which has been performed for several decades using either sodium iodide (NaI) or high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors. Lately, the much more mobile cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) detectors are increasingly employed by stations because of their ease in use and handling. However, all of these gamma detectors face the same challenges; namely large-geometry samples of inconsistent sample compositions and sometimes gaps in the information necessary to establish proper efficiency calibrations. This paper reviews current measurements and efficiency calibration approaches taken in the industry. The validity of the measurement results and the feasibility of the data's use in understanding source term behavior is examined. Suggestions are made for the development of a more robust deposit characterization and radiation field monitoring program.
Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis as a Presenting Manifestation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is known to involve the gastrointestinal tract, but gallbladder involvement is rare. The authors report the case of a 26-year-old postpartum female who presented with acute right upper quadrant abdominal pain and was diagnosed with acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC). In the presence of concomitant features of nephritis, pericardial effusion, anaemia and positive ANA titre, the diagnosis of SLE was confirmed during hospitalisation. Histopathological analysis of the gall bladder revealed evidence of vasculitis. Although rare, AAC can be the first presentation of patients diagnosed with SLE. Prompt diagnosis and management results in a better patient outcome.
Prolactin After Gonadotropin-Induced Pregnancy * †

Prolactin levels during a gonadotropin-induced pregnancy have not been previously reported. A patient with Forbes-Albright syndrome is described. She received radiation therapy, with cessation of her galactorrhea, but she remained amenorrheic. Three years after irradiation, a pregnancy was successfully induced with human menopausal gonadotropins and human chorionic gonadotropin. Prolactin levels determined prior to gonadotropin therapy, during an insulin hypoglycemia stimulation test, serially during pregnancy, and postpartum during lactation are presented. These levels are compared with the previously reported levels for basal prolactin, response to insulin hypoglycemia, pregnancy, and lactation. Possible etiologies for the abnormal values and responses obtained from investigation of this patient are discussed.
Teaching an Online Sophomore-Level Differential Equations Course with Mathematica Supplements

I have had the experience of developing and teaching a number of sections of online sophomore-level differential equations courses for the past eight years. This article is an attempt to recall my methods, the ideas and philosophies that guided me, give an informal summary of student achievement and course evaluations, and describe my creation and use of interactive Mathematica supplements in the course. Four of the supplements that I created with Mathematica are available in the online appendix to this article.
Multi-disciplinary surgical approach to the management of patients with renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus: 15 year experience and lessons learned

The management of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with venous tumor thrombus (VTT) is challenging. We report our 15 year experience in the management of patients with RCC with VTT utilizing a multidisciplinary team approach, highlighting improved total and specifically Clavien III-V complication rates. We reviewed the records of 146 consecutive patients who underwent radical nephrectomy with venous thrombectomy between 1998 and 2012. Data on patient history, staging, surgical techniques, morbidity, and survival were analyzed. Additionally, complication rates between two surgical eras, 1998–2006 and 2006–2012, were assessed. The study included 146 patients, 97 males (66 %), and a median age of 61 years (range, 24–83). Overall complications rate was 53 %, high grade complications (Clavien III -V) occurred in 10 % of patients. Most importantly, there was a lower incidence of overall and high grade complications (45 % and 8 %, respectively) in the last 6 years compared to the earlier surgeries included in the study (67 % and 13 % respectively) [p = .008 and .03, respectively). 30 day postoperative mortality was 2.7 %. 5 year overall survival (5Y- OS) and 5 year cancer specific survival (5Y- CSS) were 51 % and 40 %, respectively. Metastasis was the only independent predictor factor for CSS (HR 3.8, CI 1.9-7.6 and p < .001) and OS (HR 2.6, CI 1.5-4.7 and p = .001) in all patients. Our data suggest that patients with RCC and VTT can be treated safely utilizing a multidisciplinary team approach leading to a decrease in complication rates.
Thule whaling at Point Barrow, Alaska: The Nuvuk cemetery stable isotope and radiocarbon record

Abstract Coastal erosion on the Point Barrow, AK, spit necessitated salvage excavation of the Nuvuk cemetery. Purified bone collagen extracted from 54 Thule era burials was analyzed for stable carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen (δ 15 N) isotopes values and accelerator radiocarbon dated. The highly enriched nitrogen isotope chemistry of these burials indicates the Nuvuk were apex marine predators with heavy reliance on high trophic level marine taxa, primarily beluga whales and ringed and bearded seal. Bowhead whaling made a less significant contribution to sampled diets despite its social currency. In contrast, carbon isotope values suggest significant terrestrial inputs to Nuvuk diets. Comparative data from Aleutian and eastern Arctic marine foragers further confound what appear to be conflicting results. Yet modern polar bear along the Beaufort Sea shelf show isotopic patterning very similar to that of the Thule at Nuvuk. We suggest that depleted Nuvuk δ 13 C values result primarily from the discharge of riverine, terrigenous carbon into the Beaufort Sea during spring, freshwater runoff. The deposition of large amounts of terrigenous carbon prior to the melting of landfast ice contributes to an isotopically deleted estuarine-like, near-shore food web. A local ΔR correction to marine reservoir effect was used to calibrate AMS radiocarbon dates. Results are supported by paired two-sigma age ranges on burials and associated terrestrial grave materials.
Sexual Harassment: What Forensic Clinical Psychologists Need from Social Scientists

Forensic clinical psychologists who conduct evaluations and present expert testimony in sexual harassment cases must have some familiarity with the scientific literature about sexual harassment. However, these experts frequently discover that the social science research related to sexual harassment provides little in the way of tools or data that are directly applicable to the evaluation of plaintiffs in sexual harassment litigation. This article addresses that issue and offers suggestions to social science researchers that may improve the utility of sexual harassment research in the litigation of sexual harassment cases.
Nearly-efficient tuitions and subsidies in American public higher education☆

Abstract A two-stage setting for determining subsidies and tuitions in a public university context is developed where fixed costs introduce an efficiency-enhancing role for taxpayer-financed appropriations. The optimal subsidy per enrollment is shown to be proportional to students’ maximum net willingness to pay. This result extends a well-known result associated with Ramsey pricing to include endogenous appropriations to public higher education. Realistic restrictions are imposed on the subsidy structure, and scenarios for determining tuitions are addressed and illustrated numerically, using budget data for the University of Iowa and the University of Michigan.
Should patients with congenital heart disease and a systemic ventricular ejection fraction less than 30% undergo prophylactic implantation of an ICD? Implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation guidelines based solely on left ventricular ejection fraction do not apply to adults with congenital heart disease.

A number of important prospective studies have firmly validated the idea that patients at elevated risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD) can have that risk reduced by the use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). Among patients resuscitated from a potentially lethal cardiac event, ICD placement is termed secondary prevention. Primary prevention is the extension of this protective principle to groups of patients who have yet to experience a cardiac arrest, but who by virtue of specific and carefully defined clinical characteristics are determined to be at elevated risk for this event. Response by Silka and Bar-Cohen see p 317 Given the cost of ICD therapy and the number of patients who may meet primary prevention indications, the potential societal cost of this approach to cardiac risk management is high. In the past decade, this has driven a vigorous debate within the fields of heart rhythm management and health care economics as to the optimal ways to delineate patient groups that will most benefit from ICD therapy. The Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II (MADIT-II) study1 was a milestone in the evolution of this debate, providing evidence that a large group of patients—those with ischemic cardiomyopathy—could be rapidly and noninvasively sorted on the basis of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, with those having severe LV dysfunction realizing a clear survival benefit from ICD therapy. In this article, I challenge the proposition that MADIT-II and subsequent studies of the efficacy of ICD therapy in patients with acquired LV dysfunction can be applied to patients with moderate to severe systemic ventricular dysfunction in congenital heart disease (CHD). To make this argument, several topical areas must be considered. These include the current state of clinical knowledge of the natural history of CHD in adolescents and adults, the known rates of sudden death in …
A Generic Version of Recombinant FVIIa Is Similar to the Branded Product (NovoSeven)

Abstract Background: Commercially available recombinant factor VIIa (Novoseven) is widely used in the management of hemophilia patients with inhibitors. Recently several generic versions of recombinant VIIa (rFVIIa) have become available. The generic versions of rFVIIa are claimed to be biosimilar to the barnded Novoseven (Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark). The purpose of this study is to compare the US and European Novoseven products with a generic version of rFVIIa namely, Aryoseven (Aryogen, Tehran, Iran). Methods: Four commercially available random lots of Novoseven were obtained from the US and European sources. Four different batches of Aryoseven were obtained from Aryogen. All individual rFVIIa preparations were diluted to obtain working concentrations of 100, 10, 1 and 0.1 ug/ml. Protein content (Lowry's method), molecular profile using surface enhanced laser desorption ionization (SELDI), gel electrophoretic profile (GEP), factor VII related antigen level (FVII:Ag), factor VII correction studies in depleted plasma and thrombin generation (TG) studies were carried out. In addition, VIIa/tissue factor mediated thrombin generation studies were carried out in various prothrombin complex concentrates such as Beriplex and Prothromplex. Results: The protein content and SELDI mass spectrophotometric profile of all 4 rFVIIa preparations were comparable. There was no differences in the Novoseven obtained from the US and European sources. The GEP of the two groups of agents showed a comparable profile with distinct peaks at 50 KDa and 25 KDa. The FVII related antigen levels were also comparable in the Novoseven and Aryoseven preparations. Supplementation of both the Novoseven and Aryoseven preparations at 10 and 100 ug/ml resulted in a comparable correction of the factor VII deficient plasma as measured by PT(INR). Thrombin generation was comparable in the branded and generic product. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the US and European Aryoseven are comparable. Four batches of Novoseven and 4 individual clinical batches of Aryoseven were found to be comparable. When the US purchased Novoseven preparation was compared with the European Novoseven product, no differences were noted. Thus, the generic Aryoseven is biosimilar to barnded Novoseven and warrant in vivo validation studies. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Molecular Biology and Pooling Design

The study of gene functions requires a high-quality DNA library. A large amount of testing and screening needs to be performed to obtain a high-quality DNA library. Therefore, the efficiency of testing and screening becomes very important. Pooling design is a very helpful tool, which has developed a lot of applications in molecular biology. In this chapter, we introduce recent developments in this research direction.
Inhibition of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) Signaling by Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) or EP4 Receptor Antagonism Expands Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPC) and Enhances Their Mobilization to Peripheral Blood in Mice and Baboons.

Abstract 84 PGE2 is a physiological regulator of HSPC and exhibits both stimulatory and inhibitory activities. We recently reported that PGE2 increases CXCR4 expression and homing of HSPC to bone marrow (Hoggatt et al, Blood 2009). Since PGE2 is produced within the marrow microenvironment, we hypothesized that blocking PGE2 synthesis in vivo via inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COX) by NSAIDs would facilitate HSPC mobilization and serve as an adjunct to current mobilization regimens. Treatment of mice with the NSAID indomethacin b.i.d. along with G-CSF for 4 days resulted in an increase in peripheral blood (PB) CFU-GM over G-CSF alone (1.96±0.19 fold, p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
ATLAS OF MICROMORPHOLOGY OF MINERAL ALTERATION AND WEATHERING.: By Jean E. Delvigne. Canadian Mineralogist, Special Publication No. 3, Ottawa, Ontario, 1998, 494 p. Hardbound $125 ($100 for members of the Mineralogical Association of Canada).

This handsome color atlas of photomicrographs is similar in some ways to color guides of petrography, heavy minerals, soils, and paleosols published in recent years, but it is in some ways unique. Particularly unique is its subject matter in the terra incognita between the traditions of metamorphic-igneous petrography on the one hand and soil micromorphology on the other hand. Although the book opens with photomicrographs of various little-weathered igneous and metamorphic rocks, most of the photomicrographs are of mineral grains more or less obliterated by weathering or hydrothermal alteration. By the end of the book, most of the photomicrographs are of pisolitic and boxwork textures formed in thick lateritic and bauxitic soils and paleosols with near total destruction of original igneous and metamorphic textures. It is thus a book that will surprise both petrologists, who labor to obtain samples without the alterations illustrated, and pedologists, who deal with less strongly developed soils and paleosols of sedimentary parent materials. The unique focus of this book can best …
Control of the AC-AC modular multilevel converter under submodule failure

The family of Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) has become one of the most promising converter topologies for medium/high-voltage applications because of its modularity and scalability. Specifically, the AC-AC MMC is a promising candidate for medium-voltage motor drive applications. As the AC-AC MMC is based on stacking a large number of Submodules (SMs), its operation is vulnerable to SM failure. To improve the reliability/availability of the AC-AC MMC, in this paper, a post-fault strategy is proposed to ensure stable operation and normal power transfer capability of the MMC subsequent to any SM failure. Besides, since proper operation of the AC-AC MMC necessitates that the magnitude of the SM capacitor voltage fluctuations need to be attenuated, SM capacitor voltage fluctuation mitigation strategies are also proposed. Performance and effectiveness of the proposed methods are verified based on simulation studies in the PSCAD/EMTDC software environment.
Payload hardware and experimental protocol development to enable future testing of the effect of space microgravity on the resistance to gentamicin of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and its σ s -deficient mutant

Human immune response is compromised and bacteria can become more antibiotic resistant in space microgravity (MG). We report that under low-shear modeled microgravity (LSMMG), stationary-phase uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) become more resistant to gentamicin (Gm), and that this increase is dependent on the presence of σs (a transcription regulator encoded by the rpoS gene). UPEC causes urinary tract infections (UTIs), reported to afflict astronauts; Gm is a standard treatment, so these findings could impact astronaut health. Because LSMMG findings can differ from MG, we report preparations to examine UPEC's Gm sensitivity during spaceflight using the E. coli Anti-Microbial Satellite (EcAMSat) as a free-flying "nanosatellite" in low Earth orbit. Within EcAMSat's payload, a 48-microwell fluidic card contains and supports study of bacterial cultures at constant temperature; optical absorbance changes in cell suspensions are made at three wavelengths for each microwell and a fluid-delivery system provides growth medium and predefined Gm concentrations. Performance characterization is reported here for spaceflight prototypes of this payload system. Using conventional microtiter plates, we show that Alamar Blue (AB) absorbance changes can assess the Gm effect on E. coli viability, permitting telemetric transfer of the spaceflight data to Earth. Laboratory results using payload prototypes are consistent with wellplate and flask findings of differential sensitivity of UPEC and its ∆rpoS strain to Gm. if σs plays the same role in space MG as in LSMMG and Earth gravity, countermeasures discovered in recent Earth studies (aimed at weakening the UPEC antioxidant defense) to control UPEC infections would prove useful also in space flights. Further, EcAMSat results should clarify inconsistencies from previous space experiments on bacterial antibiotic sensitivity and other issues.
Imagining the World in Bavarian Children’s Books: Place and Other as Engineered by Lothar Meggendorfer

Lothar Meggendorfer (1847–1925), the Bavarian illustrator known primarily for creating children’s books with movable images, explored complexities of race and class through humorous pictures and texts in the age of early German nationalism and high European imperialism. He was heavily involved in publishing illustrated comedic and satirical works, although his humor and scope in reaching both youthful and adult audiences have been overlooked by scholars and collectors rightfully impressed with his works’ mobility. Amanda M. Brian examines his movable and non-movable children’s books, as well as magazine illustrations, to parse out his widely circulated caricatures and portraits of central Europeans and non-Europeans, including Ottomans and Africans. In deploying such stock characters as the professional and the dandy, he both enforced and mocked late nineteenth-century entwined hierarchies of race and class for the ready consumption of children and adults. Via humor, he suggested that human foibles often—but not always—trumped human differences.
A Creative New Start: Wai-lim Yip in China

In 1981 Wai-lim Yip gave a series of pivotal lectures on East-West poetics at Beijing University, which Yue Daiyun, last issue's featured scholar, heralded as “a creative new start” for Chinese poe...
Catalysis of low temperature synthesis of ceramics

The desirability of the synthesis of materials at low temperatures is becoming evident in many major technologies. The principal obstacle is the slow kinetics of both combination and re-ordering to, and within, crystalline arrangements of ions at these low temperatures. This paper reviews several different methods, used by his group over the last 40 years. Results very recently developed in the author's laboratory are described in some detail. The methods for accelerating reactions in oxide materials at temperatures in the range of 0°-500°C include: 1. Utilizing precursors made via solution-sol-gel and, recently, epitaxy via nanocomposite gel routes. 2. Using low melting “fluxes.” 3. (a) Hydrothermal processes. (b) Hydrothermal process with superimposed electric fields. (c) Hydrothermal process with mechanical forces. 4. Mechano-chemical effects including very high uniaxial pressure and shear. 5. Acoustic wave stimulation (sonochemical). 6. Using of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. 7. Hydrothermal process with microwave fields. The results will show that several of these methods can accelerate reactions of the most common oxides by 1-2 orders of magnitude, and will therefore be technologically significant. The basic science behind the processes is still primitive.
Educational and home-environment asthma interventions for children in urban, low-income, minority families.

Objective: This review examined the impact of environmental change and educational interventions targeting young children from minority groups living in urban environments and who were from low-inc...
Teaching environmental policy in an era of polarization and misrepresentation

The current national leadership in the United States poses challenges for anyone teaching in the environmental policy field. Although previous political administrations have been critical of environmental programs, the Trump administration poses new and different kinds of threats, among them a rejection of scientific analysis, selective use of policy data, a disregard for long-term threats like climate change, and a lack of policy and scientific integrity. Teachers of environmental policy should recognize these issues while building the capacities of students for using policy and scientific analysis critically and with integrity.
Towards resilient infrastructure systems for winter weather events: Integrated stochastic economic evaluation of electrically conductive heated airfield pavements

Abstract The impact of ice and snow on transportation infrastructure adds significant expense to the U.S. economy through the cost of snow removal, pavement deterioration, and profit lost due to travel delays, particularly for airport travel. Therefore, alternative snow removal practices are needed to reduce the costs and increase resiliency of communities when faced with harsh snowfall conditions. This study investigates the economic viability of electrically conductive concrete (ECON) heated pavement systems (HPS), based on construction and operational experiences with the first full-scale ECON HPS at a U.S. airport (Des Moines International Airport (DSM)). Monte Carlo simulation-based analysis was also conducted to quantify the most significant variables influencing the overall economic viability of ECON HPS. The results of analysis indicate that benefits of implementing this system would outweigh its costs with more than 70% reliability. The results of sensitivity analysis indicate that number of aircraft operations would strongly affect the benefit-cost ratio (BCR). The simulation was also designed and run for the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport, MN (MSP), which has six times more enplanements than DSM. The simulation results showed a 92% relative likelihood that the BCR ratio of implementing ECON HPS in MSP would be greater than one.
OVERSHOOT IN TR ANSIENr ANI) STEADY-STATE IN GaAs, InP, Ga,t,In.53As, AND InAs BIPOLAR TRANSISrORS

A relatively complete description of the band-structure and scattering of GaAs, InP, Ga.4,InJ& and InAs has been used to analyze, by the Monte-Carlo method, the switching and quiescent-state of bipolar transistors during their turn-on process. Device structures, with designs useful for high current densities, are employed to show the importance of the changes in the overshoot behavior during the switching transient. Since turn-on, such as in an ECL gate, occurs with a decrease in the field in the base-collector space charge region due to bias constraints and Kirk effect, the overshoot of electrons is shown to get smaller and broader. Since overshoot at the metallurgical junction dominates the collector signal-delay, the effect of this is a mitigation of the large improvements predicted by steady-state low bias simulations. The use of a lightly doped base region to increase the length of the overshoot region can be counterproductive for the same reasons. Transistor structures with differing bias points lead to nearly identical maximum velocity reaching the maximum group velocity. Thus, quite similar frequency limits of operation can be achieved from these materials using the appropriate design. Ga.471n.s3As and particularly Ids lead to a significant improvement in speed with smaller logic swings and biases.
Ultraproducts and Łoś’ Theorem

In this chapter, W denotes an infinite set, always used as an index set, on which we fix a non-principal ultrafilter.1 Given any collection of (first-order) structures indexed by W, we can define their ultraproduct. However, in this book, we will be mainly concerned with the construction of an ultraproduct of rings, an ultraring for short, which is then defined as a certain residue ring of their Cartesian product. From this point of view, the construction is purely algebraic, although it is originally a model-theoretic one (we only provide some supplementary background on the model-theoretic perspective). We review some basic properties (deeper theorems will be proved in the later chapters), the most important of which is Łoś Theorem, relating properties of the approximations with their ultraproduct. When applied to algebraically closed fields, we arrive at a result that is pivotal in most of our applications: the Lefschetz Principle (Theorem 2.4.3), allowing us to transfer many properties between positive and zero characteristic.
On Point Sampling Versus Space Sampling for Dimensionality Reduction.

In recent years, random projection has been used as a valuable tool for performing dimensionality reduction of high dimensional data. Starting with the seminal work of Johnson and Lindenstrauss [8], a number of interesting implementations of the random projection techniques have been proposed for dimensionality reduction. These techniques are mostly space symmetric random projections in which random hyperplanes are sampled in order to construct the projection. While these methods can provide effective reductions with worst-case bounds, they are not sensitive to the fact that the underlying data may have much lower implicit dimensionality than the full dimensionality. This may often be the case in many real applications. In this work, we analyze the theoretical effectiveness of point sampled random projections, in which the sampled hyperplanes are defined in terms of points sampled from the data. We show that point sampled random projections can be significantly more effective in most data sets, since the implicit dimensionality is usually significantly lower than the full dimensionality. In pathological cases, where space sampled random projections are better, it is possible to use a mixture of the two methods to design a random projection method with excellent average case behavior, while retaining the worst case behavior of space sampled
Linking tumor mutational load to clinical responses to ipilimumab (IPI) in men with advanced prostate cancer (PCa).

5065Background: Tumor mutational load and neoantigens have been associated with responses to immune checkpoint therapies in patients (pts) with melanoma and lung cancer. We designed a clinical tria...
Intraoperative Ultrasound for Localization and Removal of an Oropharyngeal Wire Grill-Brush Bristle.

Objectives:This paper reports the utilization of intraoperative ultrasound in the removal of an accidentally ingested wire grill-brush bristle from the pharyngeal space of a child.Methods:Standard ...