cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF ESTRADIOL ON THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF FLOCKS OF HENS1

IT is NOW KNOWN that many different species of birds have a more or less definite intra-flock organisation. Apparently this is based on individual recognition and differential behavior. Detailed discussions of some of the problems involved may be found in the literature (1–9). At present we are concerned with an analysis of certain of the physiological and psychological factors which underlie the establishment and maintenance of this socialorder in flocks of White Leghorn hens. The program we are following was outlined by Allee (10); a preliminary report of the present work (11) and a detailed statement of the positive results produced by injections of testosterone propionate has already appeared (12). This last paper should be consulted for many details of procedure including housing and treatment of the birds and general methods of observation and experimentation.
Generalisation benefits of output gating in a model of prefrontal cortex

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a central role in flexible cognitive control, including the suppression of habitual responding in favour of situation-appropriate behaviours that can be quite novel. PFC provides a kind of working memory, maintaining the rules, goals, and/or actions that are to control behaviour in the current context. For flexible control, these PFC representations must be sufficiently componential to support systematic generalisation to novel situations. The anatomical structure of PFC can be seen as implementing a componential 'slot-filler' structure, with different components encoded over isolated pools of neurons. Previous PFC models have highlighted the importance of a dynamic gating mechanism to selectively update individual 'slot' contents. In this article, we present simulation results that suggest that systematic generalisation also requires an 'output gating' mechanism that limits the influence of PFC on more posterior brain areas to reflect a small number of representational components at any one time.
Input modeling for discrete-event simulation

General guidelines for selecting probabilistic input models as part of a discrete-event simulation study are presented. Two short examples illustrating input modeling decisions are also presented, as opposed to a complete treatment of the subject.
Cosmic Radiation Exposure and Cancer Risk Among Flight Crew

Nearly 20 epidemiologic or related studies of cancer incidence and mortality have been published during or since 2000, with several reporting increased risks of female breast cancer among flight attendants and melanoma among both pilots and cabin crew. Occasionally, excesses of other cancers have been observed, but not consistently. Although the real causes of these excess cancer risks are not known, there is concern that they may be related to occupational exposures to ionizing radiation of cosmic origin. It is possible that confounding risk factors may partially or totally explain the observed relationships, but several investigations are beginning to address lack of past adjustment for reproductive factors and sun exposure with improved study designs. With progress in aviation technology, planes will fly longer and at higher altitudes, and presumably the number of flights and passengers will increase. To respond responsibly to the real and perceived risks associated with flying, more extensive data are needed, but special efforts should be considered to ensure new projects can genuinely add to our current knowledge.
Collateral Damage: How the San Diego-Imperial Valley Water Agreement Affects the Mexican Side of the Border

This article contends that local water practices are a fundamental element of border water politics. It asks who makes decisions concerning the distribution of binational water resources, how are these decisions made, and how do they get implemented. The analysis examines the particular case of San Diego-Imperial Valley water transfers within the context of water overallocation and urbanization in the Colorado River basin in Southern California and how this dynamic of transfers will affect the Mexican side of the binational Colorado Delta (Imperial Valley-Mexicali).
D1-dopamine receptor agonists prevent and reverse opiate depression of breathing but not antinociception in the cat

Opioids depress respiration and decrease chest wall compliance. A previous study in this laboratory showed that dopamine-D1 receptor (D1R) agonists restored phrenic nerve activity after arrest by f...
The process capability of multi-cavity pressure control for the injection molding process

Cavity pressure has been recognized as a critical process parameter for the injection molding of high quality thermoplastic parts. This interest has led to the achievement of closed loop cavity pressure control, but only at one point in the mold cavity. A system has been recently described that extends this capability to provide simultaneous control of cavity pressure at multiple locations in the mold through the addition of dynamic valves in the melt delivery system, each of which can be independently controlled to meter flow and pressure to its portion of the mold. This paper describes the ability of the multi-cavity pressure control system to improve process capability and molded part quality. Experimental investigation has shown that the technology enables significant process flexibility to arbitrarily balance flow, move knit-lines, and control multiple part dimensions. In the presence of typical production process disturbances, moreover, closed loop multi-cavity pressure control was shown to increase the process capability index, Cp, from 0.52 for the conventional injection molding process to 1.5. After these capabilities have been discussed, several limitations of the process are described that lead to promising areas of future research.
Plasma Renin Activity Testing to Guide Triple Antirenin System Drug Therapy in a Patient With Difficult-to-Treat Hypertension

Objective: To report a case of difficult-to-treat hypertension ultimately managed with triple antirenin (anti-R) therapy using plasma renin activity (PRA) to guide medication selection. Case Summary: A 66-year-old white man was referred to the cardiology pharmacotherapy clinic for difficult-to-treat hypertension. His initial office blood pressure (BP) was 152/71 mm Hg on diltiazem and chlorthalidone. After a series of medication adjustments based on serial PRA measurements, the patient achieved his target BP with a regimen that included 3 anti-R angiotensin system medications: carvedilol, valsartan, and aliskiren. Discussion: Despite continued progress in the understanding and advances in pharmacological therapy for hypertension, uncontrolled hypertension remains a major problem. The most common strategy to control hypertension is the stepped-care approach with progressive addition of medications to eventually reach BP goal. An alternative approach includes the use of PRA measurements to guide both the ad...
Structure and dynamics of the GABA binding pocket: A narrowing cleft that constricts during activation.

Photo-affinity labeling and mutagenesis studies have identified several amino acids that may contribute to the ligand binding domains of ligand-gated ion channels. These types of studies, however, only generate a one-dimensional, static description of binding site structure. In this study, we used the substituted cysteine accessibility method not only to identify binding pocket residues but also to elicit information about binding site dynamics and structure. Residues surrounding the putative loop C ligand binding domain of the GABAA receptor (β2V199 to β2S209) were individually mutated to cysteine, and the mutant subunits were coexpressed with wild-type α1subunits in Xenopus oocytes. N -biotinylaminoethyl methanethiosulfonate (MTSEA-biotin) reacts with cysteines introduced at positions G203, S204, Y205, P206, R207, and S209. This accessibility pattern is not consistent with either an α-helix or β-strand. Instead, G203–S209 seems to form a water-accessible extended coil, whereas V199–T202 appears to buried in the protein or membrane. Coapplication of either GABA or the competitive antagonist SR-95531 significantly slows MTSEA-biotin modification of cysteines introduced at positions S204, Y205, R207, and S209, demonstrating that these residues line and face into the GABA binding pocket. MTSEA-biotin reaction rates reveal a steep accessibility gradient from G203–S209 and suggests that the binding pocket is a deep narrowing cleft. Pentobarbital activation of the receptor significantly slows MTSEA-biotin modification of cysteines at S204, R207, and S209, suggesting that the binding site may constrict during gating.
INCREASED ACTIVITY OF THE CALCINEURIN–NUCLEAR FACTOR OF ACTIVATED T CELLS PATHWAY IN SQUIRREL MONKEY B-LYMPHOBLASTS IDENTIFIED BY POWERBLOT™

New World primate-derived cell lines were instrumental in identifying the primary factors causing glucocorticoid resistance in these primate species. Their use is expanding because it has been recognized that some of these cell lines exhibit differential sensitivity to retroviral infection. To enhance their utility as cell models, we have further characterized one of these cell lines, squirrel monkey-derived B-lymphoblast (SML) cells, using PowerBlot. PowerBlot is a high-throughput, proteomic screen designed to identify differentially expressed proteins. We compared proteins expressed in SML cells and in a human B-lymphoblast (HL) cell line. We found that, relative to HL cells, SML cells overexpress the calcineurin-activated transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT-1), which exists in a cyclosporine A (CsA)-sensitive dephosphorylated, constitutively active state. We show that there is increased binding of NFAT-1 to deoxyribonucleic acid and greater activity of an NFAT-sensitive human interleukin-2 (IL-2) promoter-luciferase reporter gene in SML compared with activity in HL cells. The increased NFAT activity does not likely result from calcium-dependent activation of calcineurin because cytosolic calcium levels were not different in SML and HL cells. Rather, SML cells express a truncated form of the catalytic subunit of calcineurin that we propose is responsible for the increased activity of the NFAT pathway. Thus, these novel findings first uncovered by a proteomic screen will enhance the value of these New World primate cell lines as "experiments of nature" to gain insight into mechanisms of NFAT activation.
The Effects of Self-Irradiation on the Lattice of 238(80%)PuO2

As a function of self-irradiation, the crystalline lattice of 238(80%)PuO2 is gradually altered. The technique of x-ray line broadening was used to search for changes in the crystallite size and strain in the lattice following an initial annealing treatment. The integral breadth, Fourier coefficient, and variance methods were used to analyze the broadening of the x-ray powder pattern lines. The mechanism of alteration appears to be one of retained strain as no evidence was forthcoming from these techniques to indicate that the material undergoes significant crystallite size change. The strain in the lattice increased from zero at time zero to approximately 0.2% during a 2-year period.
Screening and Management for Pulmonary and Sleep Issues

Declines in the smoking prevalence are smaller for men. Varenicline or a combination of nicotine replacement therapies is an effective smoking cessation option. Lung cancer screening is recommended in individuals between 55 and 80 years of age, who have a 30-pack-year smoking history and either smoke or have quit only within the past 15 years. Despite a declining smoking prevalence, COPD now ranks third among causes of death in the United States. The morbidity and mortality from COPD are worse in women relative to men. A spirometry is necessary for the diagnosis, and treatment options reduce exacerbations. Asthma is more prevalent in male children and female adults. For most age groups under 65, the asthma mortality rates are higher in men. Guidelines recommend a stepwise treatment approach based on a separate assessment of asthma severity and asthma control.
SinoCoreferencer: An End-to-End Chinese Event Coreference Resolver

Compared to entity coreference resolution, there is a relatively small amount of work on event coreference resolution. Much work on event coreference was done for English. In fact, to our knowledge, there are no publicly available results on Chinese event coreference resolution. This paper describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of SinoCoreferencer, an end-to-end state-of-the-art ACE-style Chinese event coreference system. We have made SinoCoreferencer publicly available, in hope to facilitate the development of high-level Chinese natural language applications that can potentially benefit from event coreference information.
National education systems and gender gaps in STEM occupational expectations

This study examines associations between features of national education systems and the gender gap in [science, technology, engineering and mathematics] STEM-related occupational expectations across 49 countries. Using data from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), the study finds no association between uniformity of curricula at the national level (standardization) and the gender gap in STEM occupational expectations; in contrast, the availability of more school types at the secondary level (stratification) is associated with a larger gender gap in STEM occupational expectations. In addition, this positive association between stratified systems and the gender gap in STEM occupational expectations is stronger for top-performers than for low-performers.
Pulmonary artery size as a predictor of outcomes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

IPF patients have heightened propensity for pulmonary hypertension, which portends a worse outcome. Presence of pulmonary hypertension may be reflected in an enlarged pulmonary artery. We investigated pulmonary artery size measured on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) as an outcome predictor in IPF. We retrospectively reviewed all IPF patients evaluated at a tertiary-care centre between 2008 and 2013. Pulmonary artery and ascending aorta diameters were measured from chest HRCT with pulmonary artery:ascending aorta diameter (PA:A) ratio calculations. Outcome analysis defined by either death or lung transplant based on pulmonary artery size and PA:A ratio over 60 months was performed. Independent effects of different variables on overall outcomes were evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model. 98 IPF patients with available HRCT scans had a mean pulmonary artery diameter and PA:A ratio of 32.8 mm and 0.94, respectively. Patients with a PA:A ratio >1 had higher risk of death or transplant compared with a PA:A ratio ≤1 (p 1 was also an independent predictor of outcomes in unadjusted and adjusted outcomes analyses (hazard ratio 3.99, p A PA:A ratio >1 is associated with worse outcomes in patients with IPF. HRCT PA:A ratio measurement may assist in risk stratification and prognostication of IPF patients.
THE SURFACE STRUCTURE OF ALPHA -FE2O3 (001) BY SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY : IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERFACIAL ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS

STM images of hematite (alpha -Fe 2 O 3 ) (001) surfaces taken under a wider variety of conditions than in previous studies are presented. The results strongly suggest that only Fe sites contribute to the tunneling current. Specifically, corrugated unit-cell structures expected of the Fe sublattice are observed under both occupied- and unoccupied-states imaging conditions. A pattern of apparent vacancies was observed under conditions previously attributed to oxygen states; this is most simply interpreted either as Fe vacancies, or Fe sites whose electronic structure has been altered by a (unknown) coordinating anion, but difficult to explain as the oxygen sublattice. For unoccupied states imaging, decreasing the tip-sample distance (increasing the tunneling current) results in an image change from only one site per unit cell to three sites per unit cell. This is also relatively easy to explain using the Fe sublattice, but difficult to explain using the oxygen sublattice. These results are modeled using resonant tunneling theory, which shows that changes in bias voltage, tunneling medium, and tip-sample distance can have the observed effects only if Fe atoms are being imaged. The results have implications for modeling electron transfer across mineral-water interfaces more generally because they provide a framework for understanding site-specific electron transfer kinetic parameters.
Clinical Evaluation of Tinnitus

The clinical evaluation of patients with tinnitus differs based on whether the tinnitus is subjective or objective. Subjective tinnitus is usually associated with a hearing loss, and therefore, the clinical evaluation is focused on an otologic and audiologic evaluation with adjunct imaging/tests as necessary. Objective tinnitus is divided into perception of an abnormal somatosound or abnormal perception of a normal somatosound. The distinction between these categories is usually possible based on a history, physical examination, and audiogram, leading to directed imaging to identify the underlying abnormality.
Particle simulation of crystal growth and settling under variable gravity

A model that describes crystal growth and motion is presented. The model is based on concept of the direct simulation Monte Cailo and molecular dynamics methods and includes spherical crystal particles, nutrients species and a stationary liqljid background. Nutrient particle motion and collisions are modeled using Monte Carlo procedures. Crystals are modeled as particles with a fmite diameter and are allowed to grow after attachment collisions with nutriehts. The momentum equation for crystals includes the action of gravity field and a viscous drag force. Preliminaiy simulations compare effects of gravity on the size distribution of the crystals and examine the settling characteri:;tics of crystals under variable gravity levels. Introduction Crystals grown’ from liquid solutions have important applicatioils. Many of the phenomena associated with crystal growth processes are not well understood due t6 complex microscopic and macroscopic interactions. Microgravity on orbiting spacecraft could isola:e certain fluid dynamical effects, such as convection, a!ld minimize sedimentation. This would force crystals to remain suspended in a nutrient pool and may resufi: in larger crystals as well as minimize the formation of defects. This has been demonstrated in the c’ase of zeolites, a typical case of crystals grown in ’ solutions. Several zeolite experiments have been performed in space and some results have indicated1 an enhancement in size of 30 to 70 percent compared to the best ground-based controls’. Crystalliza’tion experiments are difficult to interpret and cannot ti,e easily used to derive empirical or other laws since many physical parameters are simultaneously involvtd in the process. There is a need to develop our undershanding and quantify the process. This will allow the design of future ground and space crystal growth experi!nents. This study is part of an effort to model the’ macroscopic and microscopic dynamics and growth’ of crystals grown in solutions. This work presents $esults of a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC)-based model of crystals grown in a solution under vafiable gravity conditions. The current model describ& a generic crystal but the goal is to apply to zeolites in close interaction with the large ground and space-basi:d experimental database. In a * Assistant Professor, tilechanical Engineering Department, WPI, 100 Institute Rdad, Worcester, MA 01609.Senior member AIAA. t Graduate Research Assistant, Mechanical Engineering Department, WPI, 100 Institute Rd., Worcester, MA 01609. r Professor, Mechanical Engineering Departmenf WPI, 100 Institute Road. Worcester”. MA 01609. Member AIAA. 4 Professor, Chemical Eilgineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA Copyright
Finding the Tube with Isoconfigurational Averaging

In an entangled polymer melt or solution, the uncrossability of chains effectively restricts a given chain to move within a confining tube. In this work, we find the tube for a simulated melt of topologically equilibrated rings by averaging chain trajectories over a short time interval, combined with “isoconfigurational” averaging over initial velocities for the same starting configuration. This method allows us to nondestructively image the tube and determine its shape, confining potential, and statistical properties. Using this approach, we investigated the effects of a free surface; we find that tube segments within a few tube diameters of the surface have increased tube diameters by about 25%, and strongly tend to lie parallel to the surface.
Generating velocity and angular distribution functions of molecules scattered off of surfaces from measurements of forces exerted on surfaces by incident gases

Velocity and angular distribution functions of the molecules scattered from surfaces are approximated using the Nocilla gas/surface interaction model. The Nocilla model parameters are obtained using the reduced force coefficients for H2, N2, CO, and CO2 incident upon surfaces of SiO2 coated Kapton, Kapton, Z-93 coated Al, and a solar panel array material. The reduced force coefficients are the foundation of a new formalism used to describe momentum accommodation in gas/surface interactions. The reduced force coefficients were determined for the gas/surface interactions described above from measurements of the forces exerted on the surfaces by molecular beams using a specialized torsion balance. (Author)
Targeting p97 to Disrupt Protein Homeostasis in Cancer.

Cancer cells are addicted to numerous non-oncogenic traits that enable them to thrive. Proteotoxic stress is one such non-oncogenic trait that is experienced by all tumor cells, owing to increased genomic abnormalities and the resulting synthesis and accumulation of non-stoichiometric amounts of cellular proteins. This imbalance in the amounts of proteins ultimately culminates in proteotoxic stress. p97, or valosin containing protein (VCP) is an ATP-ase whose function is essential to restore protein homeostasis in the cells. Working in concert with the ubiquitin proteasome system, p97 promotes the retrotranslocation from cellular organelles and/or degradation of misfolded proteins. Consequently, p97 inhibition has emerged as a novel therapeutic target in cancer cells, especially those that have a highly secretory phenotype. This review summarizes our current understanding of the function of p97 in maintaining protein homeostasis and its inhibition with small molecule inhibitors as an emerging strategy to target cancer cells.
The RNA Polymerase III Subunit Polr3b Is Required for the Maintenance of Small Intestinal Crypts in Mice

Background & Aims The continuously self-renewing mammalian intestinal epithelium, with high cellular turnover, depends on adequate protein synthesis for its proliferative capacity. RNA polymerase III activity is related closely to cellular growth and proliferation. Here, we studied the role of Polr3b, a large RNA polymerase III subunit, in the mammalian intestinal epithelium. Methods We derived mice with an intestinal epithelium-specific hypomorphic mutation of the Polr3b gene, using VillinCre-mediated gene ablation. Phenotypic consequences of the Polr3b mutation on the intestinal epithelium in mice were assessed using histologic and molecular methodologies, including genetic lineage tracing. Results The Polr3b mutation severely reduced survival and growth in mice during the first postnatal week, the period when the expansion of the intestinal epithelium, and thus the requirement for protein synthesis, are highest. The neonatal intestinal epithelium of Polr3bloxP/loxP;VillinCre mice was characterized by areas with reduced proliferation, abnormal epithelial architecture, loss of Wnt signaling, and a dramatic increase in apoptotic cells in crypts. Genetic lineage tracing using Polr3bLoxP/LoxP;Rosa26-lox-stop-lox-YFP;VillinCre mice showed that in surviving mutant mice, Polr3b-deficient dying crypts were replaced progressively by Cre-escaper cells that had retained wild-type Polr3b function. In addition, enteroids cultured from Polr3bloxP/loxP;VillinCre mice showed reduced proliferative activity and increased apoptosis. Conclusions We provide evidence for an essential role of the RNA polymerase III subunit Polr3b in orchestrating the maintenance of the intestinal crypt during early postnatal development in mice.
Tissue PO2 in the cat carotid body and related functions.

The mechanism by which chemoreceptors sense changes in arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide remains a mystery (Biscoe1, Butler2, Howe3, Whalen4). In an effort to shed some light on this question we have measured tissue PO2 (TPO2) Polarographieally in the carotid body under a variety of conditions.
Describing function method applied to solution of nonlinear heat conduction equation

Describing functions have traditionally been used to obtain the solutions of systems of ordinary differential equations. The describing function concept has been extended to include the non-linear, distributed parameter solid heat conduction equation. A four-step solution algorithm is presented that may be applicable to many classes of nonlinear partial differential equations. As a specific application of the solution technique, the one-dimensional nonlinear transient heat conduction equation in an annular fuel pin is considered. A computer program was written to calculate one-dimensional transient heat conduction in annular cylindrical geometry. It is found that the quasi-linearization used in the describing function method is as accurate as and faster than true linearization methods.
Path to Impact for Autonomous Field Deployable Chemical Sensors: A Case Study of in Situ Nitrite Sensors.

Natural freshwater systems have been severely affected by excess loading of macronutrients (e.g., nitrogen and phosphorus) from fertilizers, fossil fuels, and human and livestock waste. In the USA, impacts to drinking water quality, biogeochemical cycles, and aquatic ecosystems are estimated to cost US$210 billion annually. Field-deployable nutrient sensors (FDS) offer potential to support research and resource management efforts by acquiring higher resolution data than are currently supported by expensive conventional sampling methods. Following nearly 40 years of research and development, FDS instruments are now starting to penetrate commercial markets. However, instrument uncertainty factors (high cost, reliability, accuracy, and precision) are key drivers impeding the uptake of FDS by the majority of users. Using nitrite sensors as a case study, we review the trends, opportunities, and challenges in producing and implementing FDS from a perspective of innovation and impact. We characterize the user co...
Quadratization: From conductance-based models to caricature models with parabolic nonlinearities

Quadratization of biophysical (conductance-based) models having a parabolic-like voltage nullcline in the subthreshold voltage regime refers to the process by which these models are substituted by “caricature” models having a strictly parabolic voltage nullcline and a linear nullcline for the recovery variable. We refer to the latter as quadratic or parabolic models. The parabolic-like and strictly parabolic voltage nullclines coincide at their extrema (minima or maxima) and are well approximated by each other in vicinities of these extrema whose size depend on the model parameters. Quadratic models are simplified by a change of variables that translates these extrema into the origin of the phase-plane diagram. A further simplification (parameter reduction) can be achieved by nondimensionalizing the quadratic models. This procedure can be extended to three-dimensional models having a parabolic-cylinder-like shaped voltage nullsurface and to models having time-dependent inputs and synaptic currents.
InSitμ@CHESS, a Resource for Studying Structural Materials

High-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXD) experiments, which include real-time measurements of micromechanical material response using in-situ loading and the non-destructive creation of three-dimensional maps of polycrystalline microstructure, are very rapidly replacing traditional macroscopic mechanical tests and forensic metallurgical characterization methods for structural materials. The center for Integrated Simulation and X-ray Interrogation Tools and Training for Micromechanics at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (InSitμ@CHESS) was created to facilitate the use of HEXD experiments on structural materials; more notably, metallic alloys such as steel, titanium, aluminum, and nickel. The Office of Naval Research (ONR) has financially supported InSitμ, specifically enabling enhanced industrial user support. This article describes the experimental considerations associated with using HEXD on structural materials and, through a set of examples, illustrates how InSitμ addresses these considerations.
Surface energy and viscoelasticity influence caramel adhesiveness.

Adhesion is an important textural attribute that directs consumer eating patterns and behaviors and can be a negative attribute during food processing. The objectives of this study were to modify caramel formulation and compare adhesion to different materials to quantify the influence of surface energetics and viscoelasticity on caramel adhesiveness. Mechanical adhesion was viewed in the context of pressure sensitive tack theory, where adhesion is controlled by viscoelasticity of the adhesive material and the surface energy relationship of material and probe. Caramel samples varied in total amount of fat and protein, and mechanical adhesion was measured using a series of materials with total surface energies of 39.7-53.2 mJ/m2 . Adhesiveness decreased as fat and protein content increased, with a significant effect of total surface energy. Viscoelasticity was modeled using creep recovery data fit to a four-element Burger mechanistic model. Burger model parameters representing retarded elasticity correlated strongly with adhesiveness. The results suggest two zones of adhesion based on formulation, one driven by both surface energy relationships-most notably dispersive and total surface energy-and viscoelasticity, and the other driven solely by viscoelasticity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Relationships between mechanical properties and adhesion have been explored but are still not well understood, and could aid in the design of food products with a controlled level of adhesion. The results of this study indicate the importance of considering material surface energy when measuring mechanical adhesion or texture profile analysis. Understanding the relationships between viscoelastic behavior and adhesion can be used to make inferences on perceived texture.
From computational narrative analysis to generation: a preliminary review

In this paper we present a survey of two of the main areas of research within the field of computational narrative, namely narrative analysis and generation. We argue that there is a gap between these two lines of work and propose a taxonomy of the computational models of narrative used within each. We outline potential mappings between computational narrative models with the goal of bridging this gap and alleviating the authorial bottleneck problem occurring when authoring content for computational narrative generation systems. Finally we discuss related work in this direction and report on our work-in-progress towards an end-to-end computational narrative system to bridge the gap.
Perfluorinated alkyl acids and fecundity assessment in striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) at Merritt Island national wildlife refuge

This study investigated wild caught striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) at Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (MINWR) for levels of 15 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) in tandem with individual fecundity measurements (Oocyte sub-stage 2 late, n=42) and oocyte reproductive stages (Stages 1-5, n=128). PFAA measurements were quantified in striped mullet liver (n=128), muscle (n=49), and gonad (n=10). No significant negative impacts of liver PFAA burden on wild-caught, mullet fecundity endpoints were observed in this study; however, changes in PFAA were observed in the liver as mullet progressed through different sub-stages of oocyte development. Of the PFAA with significant changes by sub-stage of oocyte development, the carboxylic acids (perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, and perfluorotridecanoic acid) increased in the liver with increasing sub-stage while the sulfonic acid and its precursor (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanesulfonamide, respectively) decreased in the liver with increasing sub-stage of oocyte development. This is a unique find and suggests PFAA change location of compartmentalization as mullet progress towards spawning. Investigations also revealed higher than expected median muscle and gonad levels of PFOS in striped mullet collected at MINWR (9.01ng/g and 80.2ng/g, respectively).
Complex Pelvic Reconstruction using Patient-Specific Instrumentation and a 3D-Printed Custom Implant following Tumor Resection

Resection of a periacetabular sarcoma is a difficult surgical problem due to the complex bony and soft tissue anatomy. The challenge of pelvic tumor resection lies in achieving clear margins while also reconstructing the defect with a durable construct. Limb salvage surgery involving these types of tumors, as well as other tumors of the pelvis, has made great progress recently due to remarkable technological innovation in the field of computer-assisted surgery and custom implant design. In this study, the authors review the case of a 9-year-old child with an osteosarcoma arising from the proximal femur with local spread into the hip joint and a skip metastasis in the ipsilateral acetabulum. They undertook limb-sparing extra-articular resection of the sarcoma with a reconstruction consisting of a 3D-custom printed pelvic implant and a proximal femur extendible prosthesis. The resection of the pelvis was performed with patient-specific cutting guides, rather than computer-assisted navigation. The resection resulted in a clear margin and the patient has had no evidence of local recurrence. These patient-specific guides closely matched the planned resection in terms of orientation in the pelvis, which allowed for straightforward implantation of the custom prosthesis at the time of surgery. The result has been a durable reconstruction that has produced an excellent functional outcome for this patient.
A Third-Generation Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction Technique: Phantom Study of Image Noise, Spatial Resolution, Lesion Detectability, and Dose Reduction Potential.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to assess image noise, spatial resolution, lesion detectability, and the dose reduction potential of a proprietary third-generation adaptive statistical ite...
Grade 5 children’s drawings for integer addition and subtraction open number sentences

Abstract Three Grade 5 children participated in a microgenetic study embedded in 12-week teaching experiment on integer addition and subtraction. They solved open number sentences in four individual sessions across the 12-weeks and produced drawings. Through the lens of learner-generated drawings and qualitative analysis, these drawings provide perspective into the children’s thinking about integer addition and subtraction. The following categories are described: Single and Double Set of Objects, Number Sequences, Empty Number Lines, Number Lines, Number Sentences, Sign Emphasis, and Answer in Box Only. One student drew sets of objects frequently and the other students drew number lines more. Descriptions of how use of their drawings changed over time are provided. Implications point to a re-examination of integer instructional models and insight into potential learning progressions.
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR VIRAL HEPATITIS

The five different viruses that cause human viral hepatitis, A, B, C, D, and E share the unique property of hepatotropism. Identification of the nucleic acid sequences of each of these viruses, coupled with the application of recombinant DNA technology, has resulted in the rapid development of molecular diagnostic techniques. Currently, molecular hybridization and polymerase chain reaction are the major diagnostic techniques for viral hepatitis. This review discusses the molecular biology of the five hepatitis viruses, the principles of molecular biological techniques, and their current and future diagnostic applications.
Ein heikler Tanz

Im Herbst 1990 wurde ich Doktorand an der Harvard Universitat. Ich musste meine Promotion nachholen, um von einer Gastprofessur zu einer dauerhafteren Stelle ubergehen zu konnen. Joseph Bernstein war bereit, mein offizieller Betreuer zu werden. Mittlerweile hatte ich bereits mehr als genug Stoff fur eine Doktorarbeit, und Arthur Jaffe konnte den Dekan davon uberzeugen, in meinem Fall auf die ubliche Anforderung einer mindestens zweijahrigen Immatrikulation zu verzichten, sodass ich meinen Abschluss in einem Jahr machen konnte. Aus diesem Grund dauerte meine „Herabstufung“ von einem Professor zu einem Doktoranden nicht allzu lange.
Cytochrome P-450 in the activation and inactivation of carcinogens.

The capacity of isolated mouse liver microsomes to alter the mutagenicity for bacteria of the primary carcinogen N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and the secondary one dimethylni-trosamine (DMN) was studied. Microsomal activation of DMN and in-activation of MNNG were decreased by protein- and protein-choline-deficient diets and were increased by pretreatment with microsomal enzyme inducers. The decrease and increase paralleled the content of cytochrome P-450 present in the different microsomal preparations. With human liver microsomes of differing cytochrome P-450 contents similar correlation was obtained, whereas normal rat liver microsomes did not activate or inactivate DMN or MNNG. Oxidative de-methylation of DMN by mouse liver microsomes and the activation of DMN to a mutagen followed similar kinetics. Both reactions were inhibited by carbon monoxide and the inhibition was maximally reversed by monochromatic light at 450 nm. These observations indicate that at least some carcinogens are activated or inactivated by the unspecific cytochrome P-450 dependent enzyme system, suggesting that the extent of this biotransformation may be one factor influencing human carcinogenesis.
Abstract 35: Triple-negative breast cancer cells alter the pulmonary landscape to favor metastasis via exosome-mediated release of NM23

There is strong evidence implicating exosomes, cell-derived nanoscale vesicles, and their protein cargo in facilitating dialogue between primary tumor cells and the premetastatic niche. Identified by our lab as one such protein, secreted nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NM23/NDPK) has been shown to activate endothelial remodeling in support of proangiogenic and prometastatic events. We have previously demonstrated that triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells elaborate exosomes enriched with NDPK transphosphorylase activity and target the lung as a future site of metastasis. Using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we interrogate the functional role of NDPK in exosome-mediated lung remodeling. In cell-based assays, we demonstrate that MDA-MB-231 exosomes stimulate migration of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and enhance monolayer permeability. These effects are reversed following treatment with an inhibitor of NDPK activity or an antagonist to the purinergic P2Y1 receptor. Further, we show that immune-compromised mice receiving intravenous injections of MDA-MB-231 exosomes exhibit enhanced pulmonary vascular leakage, whereas treatment with an inhibitor of NDPK attenuates this effect. Using tandem mass tag labeling and mass spectrometry, we profiled proteomic changes to the lung and identified the purinergic signaling pathway as among those significantly affected by exosome treatment. These results elucidate the functional role of exosomal NDPK in compromising vascular integrity and transforming the pulmonary landscape to support colonization by circulating breast cancer cells. Citation Format: Suzann Duan, Senny Nordmeier, Aidan E. Byrnes, Miles A. Brown, Iain L. Buxton. Triple-negative breast cancer cells alter the pulmonary landscape to favor metastasis via exosome-mediated release of NM23 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 35.
Mechanistic insights into chloride ion detection from the atmospheric-pressure afterglow of an argon inductively coupled plasma

Elemental analysis of chlorine using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is challenging because of poor ion formation efficiency of Cl+ in the argon plasma, and prevalence of isobaric interferences. To improve Cl detection, we have recently developed plasma assisted reaction chemical ionization (PARCI) in which an Ar-ICP is coupled to an atmospheric-pressure afterglow reaction tube, leading to high-sensitivity detection of Cl−. We have shown that introduction of sodium and methanol into the ICP improves Cl− sensitivity in PARCI-MS to levels better than those of conventional ICP-MS/MS. In this report, we probe the chloride ion formation mechanism in the ICP afterglow via examining the impact of the aerosol gas flow rate and torch box exhaust flow rate on Cl− detection. Specifically, we evaluate analyte breakdown in the ICP, sampling of plasma products into the afterglow reaction tube, and ion–neutral reactions in the atmospheric-pressure afterglow as major processes for chloride ion formation in PARCI. We find that aerosol carrier gas flow rates ≤ 2.2 L min−1 result in compound-independent response factors for Cl, indicating sufficient residence time in the plasma for efficient breakdown of analytes. Notably, we show that torch box exhaust flow rate has a drastic impact on Cl− sensitivity. This effect stems from its influence on plasma sampling efficiency and on ion–neutral reactions in the afterglow. Lastly, our results indicate that clusters formed in the afterglow reaction tube play critical roles in Cl− detection. Specifically, [NaClHCO2]− and [NaClNO2]− are identified as key species for Cl− detection from chlorinated compounds introduced into the ICP in conjunction with methanol and sodium. Ab initio calculations indicate thermodynamically favorable reactions for formation of these cluster ions, supporting the importance of cluster formation in the ICP afterglow for high-sensitivity chloride ion detection.
The Social Environmental Context of Resilience Among Substance-Using African American/Black Men Who Have Sex With Men.

Resilience theory has been suggested as a framework for research on HIV prevention among men who have sex with men. Among this population, literature indicates that African American/Black men who h...
2012 Report Student Affiliates of Seventeen (SAS)

The Student Affiliates of Seventeen (SAS) serves as the representative body for the Division 17 (Society of Counseling Psychology; SCP) student affiliates. Our central aims are to ensure that students are informed of current events and to facilitate access to opportunities within SCP and the American Psychological Association. In so doing, we strive to provide tomorrow’s professionals with the tools needed to accomplish their academic and career goals. In this report, updates are provided and future goals are discussed.
A NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR QUANTIFYING MAC IN THE ERA OF TRANSCATHETER MITRAL TECHNIQUES

We present a novel approach characterizing mitral annular calcification(MAC) to determine feasibility of transcatheter mitral valve replacement(TMVR). 28 patients from 1/2017 to 9/2018 underwent 3Mensio CT imaging software analysis to evaluate MAC for TMVR candidacy. Mitral valve variables included
The Child with a Learning Disability in Arithmetic.

V^hildren with learning disabilities in arithmetic are often identified as being unable to learn arithmetic even when tests have indicated there is no reason they cannot do so. Teachers are perplexed regarding the discrepancy between the child's learning capacity and his achievement. Study has indicated that such a disability stems from either a cerebral dysfunction or an emotional disturbance and not from
A Large Pericardial Effusion Culminating in Left Lung Collapse

Pericardial effusion is characterized by excess fluid accumulation in the pericardium. It can be asymptomatic or silent when the effusion is trivial in size or develops slowly. On the other hand, large rapidly developing effusions may present with hemodynamic instability or tamponade. In rare circumstances when a large effusion develops over a period of time, it may cause compression atelectasis of the surrounding bronchi and lung. We describe the case of a 70-year-old female who presented with acute respiratory insufficiency due to left lung collapse secondary to large pericardial effusion. To our knowledge, this is an extremely rare complication of large pericardial effusion.
Peer‐to‐peer connections: Perceptions of a social support app designed for young adults with cancer

Objective Social support is a critical, yet frequently unmet, need among young adults (YAs) with cancer. YAs desire age-appropriate resources to connect with peers. Peer-to-peer mobile apps are promising interventions to provide social support. Peer-to-peer apps will be more effective if development incorporates users' input for whether app designs (look and function) afford meaningful connections. Methods We interviewed 22 YAs to assess perceptions of a peer-to-peer app at a YA cancer convention in April 2017. Results Participants were an average age of 29, mostly female (77%), white (73%), and well educated (68% with 4-year college degree or higher). Most participants expressed interested in using an app to connect with YAs, but preferences varied by prevalence or rarity of one's cancer diagnosis. YAs shared trade-offs for profile anonymity versus profiles with more personal information, requests for filter options to connect for varying support needs, and desires for tailored messaging and chat room features (eg, topic-specific and search capabilities). Conclusion Findings demonstrate the promise of apps to fulfill YA cancer survivors' unmet peer support needs and provide guidance for app optimization. Clinical implications Peer-to-peer support apps should be designed so users can control their identity and customize features for meaningful connections.
Further Results on Model Reference Adaptive Control in the Presence of Actuator and Unmodeled Dynamics

In model reference adaptive control of uncertain dynamical systems, the presence of actuator and unmodeled dynamics are unavoidable. Our previous work focused on an adaptive control architecture for this problem and showed two sufficient stability conditions. In particular, the first condition captured the tradeoff between system uncertainties and actuator dynamics (related to the quadratic stability of a matrix) and the second condition captured the effect of unmodeled dynamics (related to the positive-definiteness of another matrix). This paper now proposes a robustifying term in this adaptive control architecture. Specifically, we show that this term results in an added nonnegative matrix in the second stability condition, where this can allow for a relaxed stability condition. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed robustifying term on a coupled mechanical system.