cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cemented total knee replacement in patients with osteoarthritis: a five-year follow-up study using a prosthesis allowing both retention and resection of the posterior cruciate ligament

Abstract Two hundred and twenty five osteoarthritic patients underwent primary cemented TKR and were followed prospectively for at least 5 years. Surgeries were stratified into PCL retaining (121 knees) (Group A), and Post Stabilized (84 knees) (Group B). The Genesis prothesis was used in all cases. Mean ROM at five years was 117 ° in Group A and 114 ° in Group B. 72% of Group A and 62% of Group B patients could reciprocate on stairs. Over 95% of the knees in both groups had either no pain or, at worst, barometric discomfort. 96% of Group A and 98% of Group B knees were rated as good or excellent (Knee Society Rating System). Kaplan Meyer survivorship was 97% in Group A and 98% in Group B. There was no statistical difference in any of the parameters measured whether the PCL was retained or sacrificed in these two groups.
Elderly Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes: Higher Risk and Greater Benefit From Antiplatelet Therapy and/or Interventional Therapy

Outcomes in elderly patients with acute coronary syndromes are worse than in younger patients, and disappointingly, some therapies, such as thrombolysis for ST elevation myocardial infarction, appear to have less relative benefit than in younger patients. However, in unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, the elderly appear to derive greater relative and absolute benefit from the newer more potent antithrombotic therapies. With the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, an equivalent relative benefit has been observed, which translated into a greater absolute benefit in older vs. younger patients. Similarly, when comparing clopidogrel plus aspirin to aspirin alone, there was a consistent 20% reduction in cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke in both elderly and younger patients. An emerging area of focus, however, is that of the appropriate dose in the elderly. Because the elderly on average have worse renal function, many drugs will not be cleared as well, and thus higher plasma levels will exist, which can translate into higher bleeding complications. Future studies are evaluating downward dose-adjustment of new therapies in the elderly as a means of improving the efficacy/safety profile. Thus, in unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, elderly patients are at higher risk and appear to derive particular benefit from more aggressive antithrombotic and interventional therapies.
Relationship between locus of control and tolerance of ambiguity.

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the relationship between Rotter's ( 1966) internal-external control dimension and the revised Rydell-Rosen Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale. A relationship appeared likely in that both the I-E scale and revised Rydell-Rosen Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale have been correlated to Rokeach's (1960) construct of dogmatism (Clauser & Hjelle, 1970; MacDonald, 1970). Furthermore Korman ( 197 1 ) , examining the relationship between two Likert-type questionnaires designed by that author and measuring college students' perception of their University setting in terms of ambiguity and degree of self-control in that environment, found some support for a relationship between his measures of ambiguity and locus of control. Thus, the present investigation predicted a relationship between Rotter's I-E scale and the Rydell-Rosen Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale. The I-E and Rydell-Rosen Tolerance of Ambiguity Scales were administered to 44 females and 27 males in a psychology of adolescence class at the State University of New York at Oswego, during a regular class period. The results clearly did not show a relationship between the I-E and RydellRosen Tolerance of Ambiguity Scales. A Pearson product-moment correlation between the two scales of .11 proved to be nonsignificant. Further analysis, the correlation between the scales of those Ss ( N = 2 1 ) whose scores fell on either extreme of the I-E Scale (i.e., 0 to 9 and 18 to 23), also did not reach significance. The very small sample available for the latter analysis may not provide an adequate test. However, in light of the lack of significance in both coefficients, it appears there is no relationship between the two self-report measures and the I-E Scale and Rosen-Rydell Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale may measure two separate dimensions of personality.
Recognizing cross-ecosystem responses to changing temperatures: soil warming impacts pelagic food webs

The energy and materials that move across ecosystem boundaries influence food web structure and key ecosystem functions. Despite the acknowledged importance of such ecological subsidies, surprisingly little information is available regarding the role of environmental temperature in influencing subsidy quality and the response of the recipient ecosystem. We evaluated the impacts of temperature-mediated changes in leaves from deciduous trees, an important subsidy from terrestrial to freshwater ecosystems, on both the producer-based and detritivore-based components of a pelagic pond food web in a field mesocosm experiment. We hypothesized that variation in leaf chemistry driven by increased soil temperature would alter both the quality of leaf subsidies and the pond response. We collected red maple Acer rubrum leaves from heated and ambient temperature plots from the long-term soil warming experiment at the Harvard Experimental Forest and added them to 167-l field mesocosms containing established plankton communities, creating ‘no leaf’, ‘ambient leaf’ and ‘heated leaf’ treatments during autumn 2012. We then monitored physical, chemical, and biological responses to treatments until the mesocosms froze six weeks later. Experimental soil warming altered the chemical composition of deciduous leaves, the physical and chemical environment of the aquatic ecosystems to which leaves were added, and the pelagic pond food webs as measured by community composition. Compared to leaves from ambient-temperature soils, leaves from warmed soils initially resulted in lower water column phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon, reducing bacterial densities. However, the diminished carbon and phosphorus resulting from soil warming also increased light availability that ultimately stimulated cladoceran zooplankton relative to ambient-temperature leaves. Our results suggest that changes in temperature can alter ecological subsidies in unanticipated ways, and suggest that accurately predicting the potential consequences of climate change will require conducting research across ecosystem boundaries.
Spreading codes for wireless spread spectrum communications

Spread spectrum techniques are often utilized when designing wireless communication systems. The success of a spread spectrum system depends greatly upon the spreading codes employed by the transmitters. In this paper, a novel approach to the generation of spreading codes is examined. In particular, spreading codes are generated as the impulse responses of a multirate subband filter bank. A methodology is presented for designing the filter banks such that the resulting spreading codes have properties which are desirable in a multiuser wireless communications environment. Several examples are given for different types of commonly encountered interference sources. Results are then generated which compare the newly developed spreading codes to more traditional spreading techniques.
Strategic Directions of Hotel Industry Expectations

A factor analysis is presented which indicates that among 20 potential strategic issues reated by hotl industry executives three fundamental strategic directions exist. The author summarizes an empiracle study that queried these individuals' beliefs regarding strategic issues they rated at most important.
Metastatic acinic cell carcinoma in a neurofibroma mistaken for carcinosarcoma.

Background. Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is a rare, but well-recognized, entity most commonly involving metastatic carcinoma to a mesenchymal neoplasm. We report a case of acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland metastatic to a neurofibroma. Methods and Results. A 55-year-old man with a history of a high-grade acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid was seen with a mass at the surgical site and metastatic foci in the scalp 10 months postoperatively. The resection specimen revealed a spindle cell lesion with metastatic foci of high-grade adenocarcinoma, initially diagnosed as a carcinosarcoma. The bland morphology and S-100–positive expression of the spindle cell lesion confirmed the diagnosis of neurofibroma. The high-grade features of the carcinomatous foci and their similarity to the primary tumor confirmed the presence of a tumor-to-tumor metastasis. Conclusion. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of acinic cell carcinoma metastatic to a neurofibroma, an important entity in the differential diagnosis of biphasic tumors of the head and neck. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck27: 76–80, 2005
Effects of clomiphene citrate on episodic luteinizing hormone secretion throughout the menstrual cycle

Pituitary luteinizing hormone secretory dynamics (pulse frequency and amplitude) were evaluated in eight normal women administered clomiphene citrate or placebo. After 5 days of treatment clomiphene citrate was found to increase mean luteinizing hormone secretion by increasing the amount of pituitary luteinizing hormone released per pulse. No change in pituitary luteinizing hormone interpulse interval was found in the follicular phase of the cycle, although a faster pulse frequency in the luteal phase was found after clomiphene citrate when compared with placebo. No differences were found in the luteal phase (pulse frequency, amplitude, and mean luteinizing hormone level) after clomiphene citrate versus placebo in the volunteers. These data suggest that the principal mechanism of action of clomiphene citrate is an increase in the concentration of hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone into the hypothalamic-pituitary portal circulation, with a resultant increase in pituitary luteinizing hormone secretion.
A Miniaturized Parallelepipedal Cavity Resonator

A parallelepipedal resonator with metallic walls and partially filled with double-negative (DNG) metamaterial is considered. It is shown that for a specific geometry of the filling, fields may exist inside the cavity at all frequencies within the band over which the filling material behaves as postulated, independently of the ratios between the cavity dimensions and the wavelength. This means that miniaturized resonators can be built.
Detection of people and animals using non-imaging sensors

Non-imaging sensors offer low power and long lasting solutions for perimeter, border crossing, and forward operating base protection. In this paper, we study the utility of acoustic, seismic, and ultrasonic transducers for detection and identification of people and animals. Various algorithms will be developed for them, which are computationally less intensive and amenable to implement on sensor network. We identify the physics-based phenomenology associated with the targets and the features selected for classification are based on the phenomenology. We fuse the results from various sensor modalities to achieve higher probability of correct classification.
Threat Perception Across the Life Span Evidence for Multiple Converging Pathways

Snakes and spiders are the objects of two of the most common fears and phobias throughout the world. In the lab, researchers have documented two interesting phenomena in adult humans and nonhuman primates: A propensity for the rapid association of snakes and spiders with fear, and a propensity for the rapid detection of these threatening stimuli. Here, we describe these perceptual biases for threat and highlight new work supporting their existence in infants and young children.
Martin Van Buren: Law, Politics, and the Shaping of Republican Ideology

In 1828, Martin Van Buren discontinued his profession as a lawyer to become a full-time politician, yet his formative years as an attorney provided the critical ideological basis for his presidency. Mushkat and Rayback offer the first historical investigation of the nature, scope, and significance of Van Buren's legal practice as they trace the development of his republican ideology. Rather than a static set of immutable values and imperatives, Van Buren's ideology was a malleable body of thought. Dynamic and evolving, it exemplified the complexities of republicanism itself. As a teenager, Van Buren absorbed Jefforson and Madison's eighteenth-century classical republicanism. Later, the principles of classical republicanism provided guides during his first years as a practicing lawyer. As his legal and political careers developed, Van Buren adapted his ideas to new conditions, accepting key components of liberal republicanism. Van Buren's rise to prominence mirrors the relevance of law to politics. As a New York attorney, Van Buren worked with legal issues in the nation's most important state during the early nineteenth century. His key contributions were Americanization of the common law and modernization of contract law. His experience also helped shape his perspectives on such matters as the allocation and use of power, judicial activism and legislative supremacy, and property and gender rights. Consulting a wide range of original legal sources not previously used by historians, Mushkat and Rayback offer a fresh and intriguing biographical approach to an American president that challenges traditional perceptions and adds new insight into Van Buren's place in American political and legal history.
Model-based auxiliary input control: development and experimental analysis

A form of model-based control for robotic manipulators is proposed and experimentally evaluated. Algorithm development was motivated by experimental evaluation of an improved Lyapunov-based model reference adaptive control (LB-MRAC) technique. Those evaluations exposed the limitations of a decentralized LB-MRAC approach and the performance improvement potential of auxiliary inputs. Model-based auxiliary input control (MBAIC) is formed by augmenting the fixed-gain PD feedback loop of a normal model-based algorithm with the auxiliary input of the LB-MRAC. Feedback gain adaptation is not necessary. The tracking performance of several forms of LB-MRAC and MBAIC was evaluated over the standard PUMA test suite. Without feedforward compensation LB-MRAC tracking accuracy is inferior to that of a fixed-gain model-based controller. Addition of an auxiliary input significantly enhances model-based controller tracking accuracy and eliminates the large endpoint error previously associated with operation in uncertain payload configurations. >
A Monomeric Membrane Peptide that Lives in Three Worlds: In Solution, Attached to, and Inserted across Lipid Bilayers

The membrane peptide pH (low) insertion peptide (pHLIP) lives in three worlds, being soluble in aqueous solution at pH 7.4, binding to the surface of lipid bilayers, and inserting as a transbilayer helix at low pH. With low pH driving the process, pHLIP can translocate cargo molecules attached to its C-terminus via a disulfide and release them in the cytoplasm of a cell. Here we examine a key aspect of the mechanism, showing that pHLIP is monomeric in each of its three major states: soluble in water near neutral pH (state I), bound to the surface of a membrane near neutral pH (state II), and inserted across the membrane as an α-helix at low pH (state III). The peptide does not induce fusion or membrane leakage. The unique properties of pHLIP made it attractive for the biophysical investigation of membrane protein folding in vitro and for the development of a novel class of delivery peptides for the transport of therapeutic and diagnostic agents to acidic tissue sites associated with various pathological processes in vivo.
Vascular compression in glossopharyngeal neuralgia: demonstration by high-resolution MRI at 3 tesla

We report a case of glossopharyngeal neuralgia with vascular compression. High-resolution MRI at 3 tesla demonstrated the posterior inferior cerebellar artery to be closely related to the rootlets of the left glossopharyngeal nerve in a patient who suffered attacks of burning sensation in the left side of the throat. The MRI findings were confirmed at curative surgery.
Foucault's Critique of Political Reason: Individualization and Totalization*

This paper tries to sketch the continuity between the topics of government and subjectification and that of discipline and bodies in Foucault’s work by assessing the pervasiveness and the importance of the two poles of what Foucault himself, in a Kantian fashion, called a critique of political reason: individualization and totalization. In the first place, I will sketch the mode of functioning of “government” with reference to the pastorate invented by the Christian Church, showing that the theme of government and of its historical origins appears for the first time when Foucault talks about the disciplinary powers of nor malization of 19 th -century psychiatry. In the second place, I will approach directly the logic of strategy that makes intelligible the relationships between government and discipline. Finally, these two concepts will be included in what Foucault called the double modern political rationality, and the persistence of this topic, in different forms, in many of his historico-philosophical analyses, and above all as the two sides of what he famously called bio-power. The main claim is that the relationship between the concepts of governmentality (the effect of which is totalization) and discipline (the effect of which is individualization) is neither one of conceptual incompatibility nor one of chronological succession in the development of Foucault’s thought, but rather a relation of interdependence that needs to be pointed out and further articulated in order to understand and pursue a critique of modern political reason.
Effect of Varying Electrolyte Conductivity on the Electrochemical Behavior of Porous Electrodes

Ionic conductivity in the air cathode of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell changes with distance depending on the ionomer loading [J. Electrochem. Soc., 150, A 1440 (2003)]. When the ionic conductivity changes with distance inside a porous electrode, existing models in the literature fail to capture the behavior of porous electrodes. In this paper, we show how existing models in the literature can be modified to take care of varying ionic conductivity. The modified model is shown to be efficient in handling mathematical singularity arising from the distribution of ionic conductivity inside a porous electrode. In addition, the model developed was used to optimize the functionality of ionic conductivity (ionomer loading) to minimize the ohmic drop across a porous electrode. It is shown that depending on the system parameters, there might be an optimum way to distribute the ionomer loading inside the PEM fuel cell cathode.
Effect of hypercarbia on surface proteins of cultured bovine endothelial cells

Hypercarbia is a common complication of respiratory failure, and the technique of “permissive hypercapnia” is used to ventilate individuals with increased peak airway pressures on mechanical ventil...
Bio-Inspired Structural Colors Produced via Self-Assembly of Synthetic Melanin Nanoparticles

Structural colors arising from interactions of light with submicron scale periodic structures have been found in many species across all taxa, serving multiple biological functions including sexual signaling, camouflage, and aposema- tism. Directly inspired by the extensive use of self-assembled melanosomes to produce colors in avian feathers, we set out to synthesize and assemble poly- dopamine-based synthetic melanin nanoparticles in an effort to fabricate colored films. We have quantitatively demonstrated that synthetic melanin nanoparticles have a high refractive index and broad absorption spanning across the UVvisible range, similar to natural melanins. Utilizing a thin-film interference model, we demonstrated the coloration mechanism of deposited films and showed that the unique optical properties of synthetic melanin nanoparticles provide advantages for structural colors over other polymeric nanoparticles (i.e., polystyrene colloidal particles).
Teaching Economics with Less Lecture: Using reading Guides to Cover Content

Although there has been much discussion of active learning to engage and interest students in economics, lecture is still the prominent pedagogical approach in most economics classes. This paper proposes the use of reading guides as an alternate method of delivering content so as to allow more time for active learning. Specifically, it will describe how reading guides are used, discuss the benefits of using them, present useful tips for using reading guides, and lastly present results from student surveys.
Reconsidering 'Crowding Out' of Intrinsic Motivation from Conservation Incentives

A stumbling block to the widespread use of financial incentives for conservation on private lands is the concern that compensation will undermine motivation to act voluntarily and compromise environmental values. This paper argues that this concern has been overstated. First, a substantial number of landowners lack ex ante motivation to engage voluntarily in conservation activities. These landowners are not at risk of decreased motivation or pro-environmental attitudes. Second, conservation activities that carry high behavioral costs are unlikely - with or without incentives - to produce voluntary action. Third, traditional regulatory approaches are often difficult to implement on private lands and regulation may have the same, if not more severe, effects on motivation and attitudes. Last, in those cases where landowners are at risk for impaired motivation, incentive programs can mitigate or even eliminate undermining effects by providing compensation that is proportional to effort and performance and by structuring program administration to emphasize positive feedback and cooperation. This analysis suggests an expanded role for conservation incentive programs on private lands as well as a framework for evaluating the motivational effect of incentives in other environmental contexts.
Novel approaches to pulmonary arterial hypertension drug discovery

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disorder associated with abnormally elevated pulmonary pressures that, if untreated, leads to right heart failure and premature death. The goal of drug development for PAH is to develop effective therapies that halt, or ideally, reverse the obliterative vasculopathy that results in vessel loss and obstruction of blood flow to the lungs.Areas Covered: This review summarizes the current approach to candidate discovery in PAH and discusses the currently available drug discovery methods that should be implemented to prioritize targets and obtain a comprehensive pharmacological profile of promising compounds with well-defined mechanisms.Expert opinion: To improve the successful identification of leading drug candidates, it is necessary that traditional pre-clinical studies are combined with drug screening strategies that maximize the characterization of biological activity and identify relevant off-target effects that could hinder the clinic...
Vici Syndrome with Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Laryngomalacia

Researchers at Baskent University, Adana, and other centers in Turkey report a 3-month-old Turkish girl with Vici syndrome complicated by stridor and laryngomalacia.
Corrective Justice and Property Rights

Suppose the prevailing distribution of property rights is unjust as determined by the relevant conception of distributive justice. You have far more than you should have under that theory and I have far less. Then I defraud you and in doing so reallocate resources so that our holdings ex post more closely approximate what distributive justice requires. Do I have a duty to return the property to you? There are many good reasons for requiring me to return to you what I have taken. One is that while you may have no right in justice to all that you own, it does not follow that I do, or that I have a right to take it. Thus, requiring me to return the property to you is a way of recognizing that I had no right to take it from you in the first place.
A preliminary report on 99mTc-fanolesomab imaging of renal allograft

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the utility of (99m)Tc-fanolesomab (a (99m)Tc-labeled murine monoclonal immunoglobulin M antibody that specifically binds cluster designation 15 antigens on human neutrophillic leukocytes with high sensitivity and specificity) in diagnosing localized infections. METHODS Five patients with renal allografts were imaged using (99m)Tc-fanolesomab to look for a source of infection. Images were obtained between 2 and 4 h after injection of fanolesomab labeled with 15-20 mCi (99m)Tc. Imaging results were correlated with patients' culture results and clinical outcome. RESULTS Two patients showed a significant increase in renal allograft uptake and were found to have allograft pyelonephritis. One patient who developed a severe acute renal failure secondary to humoral rejection (antidonor human leukocyte antigen antibody-mediated rejection with polymorphonuclear capillaritis and glomerulitis) showed uptake similar to the lower lumbar spine. One patient with normal allograft function showed a significantly increased uptake, especially in the pelvis of the allograft, indicating normal excretion of the free (99m)Tc-pertechnetate by the allograft. The fifth patient who had been off immunosuppressive therapy and on maintenance hemodialysis for 4 months showed tracer uptake similar to the lumbar spine, suggestive of chronic allograft rejection. CONCLUSION This preliminary study describes different patterns of (99m)Tc-fanolesomab scan in renal allografts during episodes of kidney infection, rejection, or normal function. It suggests that (99m)Tc-fanolesomab can be used to evaluate renal allograft complications.
Localization From Connectivity: A 1-bit Maximum Likelihood Approach

We consider the problem of determining the location of sensor nodes in a wireless sensor ad hoc network when only connectivity information is available, i.e., one only knows if a pair of nodes is within a fixed radio range (distance) of each other but does not have access to exact or even approximate distance information. We propose a maximum likelihood based reconstruction algorithm to reconstruct the node positions in a $d$ -dimensional Euclidean space. For an $n$ -node network, the constrained maximum likelihood estimation problem is non-convex in both the $d \times n$ node position matrix $X$ and in the Gram matrix $Q_{X}=X^{\top} X$ . We derive an upperbound on the average Frobenius norm of the estimation error in $Q$ , which is of the order of the reciprocal of square root of $n$ for a fixed radio range. We present a set of algorithms for finding the maximum likelihood estimate of $X$ by first embedding $d \times n~X$ into $m \times n~Y$ , factorizing $Q_{Y} = Y^{\top} Y$ , $d \leq m \leq n$ , and then optimizing in $Y$ . We relate local minima in $Y$ to the global minimum of a relaxed convex formulation in $Q_{Y}$ to provide global convergence guarantees, despite the nonconvexity of the negative log-likelihood function in $Y$ . We demonstrate that our algorithm is empirically successful for both uniform and irregular networks, using only a few anchor nodes. Finally, numerical experiments demonstrate improved performance of the proposed algorithm relative to the MDS algorithm and a variant.
Encouraging Consumer Charitable Behavior: The Impact of Charitable Motivations, Gratitude, and Materialism

The United States is one of the most charitable nations, yet comprises some of the most materialistic citizens in the world. Interestingly, little is known about how the consumer trait of materialism, as well as the opposing moral trait of gratitude, influences charitable giving. We address this gap in the literature by theorizing and empirically testing that the effects of these consumer traits on charitable behavior can be explained by diverse motivations. We discuss the theoretical implications, along with implications for charitable organizations, and offer suggestions for future research.
Complex Fetal Care: Twin Anemia Polycythemia Sequence

Twin anemia polycythemia sequence is a rare condition in monochorionic twin pregnancies that has only recently been described. It can occur spontaneously or as a result of fetoscopic laser surgery for twin to twin transfusion syndrome. The size of the placental connections and the flow of blood between tiny anastomoses allow for chronic changes in the hemodynamic states of each fetus. The chronic nature of the pathophysiology leads to reticulocytosis in the donor twin and limits the fluid-level discrepancies between amniotic sacs, which differentiates it from twin to twin transfusion syndrome, which is thought to be an acute process. Several in utero procedures have been described to treat this condition; however, because of the rarity of the condition, data are limited. Postnatal treatment includes packed red blood cell transfusion for the donor twin and partial exchange transfusion for the recipient twin, along with standard medical neonatal care. Long-term outcomes data are limited; however, one study revealed normal neurodevelopment in a small cohort of patients.
Renal Vascular Responses to Dopamine: Haemodynamic and Angiographic Observations in Normal Man

1. The renal vascular response to intravenously administered dopamine was assessed in normal man by selective renal arteriography and xenon washout. Infusion of 3 μg min −1 kg −1 induced renal vasodilatation with an increase in the cortical component of blood flow. Arterial blood pressure was not influenced and a systemic effect was not demonstrable. Lower doses did not induce a renal response. Increasing dosage raised arterial blood pressure and induced subjective symptoms, but did not result in a further increase in renal blood flow. 2. Renal vascular resistance increased with increasing age in the normal subjects. A significant inverse relationship was found between the initial vascular resistance and the renal vasodilator response to dopamine. It thus appears that the vascular effects of increasing age (nephrosclerosis) may limit the dilator response to dopamine. 3. It is concluded that dopamine is an effective renal cortical vasodilator when administered intravenously at doses which are free from other systemic cardiovascular effects. The dose-response relationship must be considered in attempts at reversal of conditions characterized by renal vasoconstriction.
Extramucosal Spaces of the Head and Neck

The extramucosal head and neck consists of several distinct spaces bounded by fascia [1, 2]. Knowing the anatomy of these spaces and their contents helps the radiologist to describe and correctly diagnose pathology. Some neck diseases are incidental findings while others are large enough to present as a palpable mass. Other diseases are not large, but in a location that leads to symptoms of ear pain, ear pressure/fullness, tinnitus, dysphagia, or cranial nerve palsies.
Determination of turbulent thermal diffusivities for flow of liquids in pipes

Eddy thermal diffusivities as a function of radial position and Reynolds number were determined for turbulent flow of water in a tube with a constant wall heat flux. The temperature and velocity profiles were measured, and the eddy thermal diffusivities were calculated by solving the energy balance equation using a semi-numerical technique. Also, the eddy momentum diffusivities were determined so that analogies between heat and momentum transport could be tested. The eddy thermal and momentum diffusivities as a function of radial position were found to reach a maximum value at a position about midway between the center and the wall of the tube The eddy thermal diffusivities were correlated with Reynolds number and radial position. The turbulent Prandtl number was found to vary with radial position from a value less than unity at the center to a value greater than unity at the wall. These results agree with previous mass transfer work and with theoretical models. The space-averaged thermal and momentum diffusivities were found to be roughly linear in Reynolds number. Also, the space-averaged turbulent Prandtl number decreased with increasing Reynolds number approaching the value of unity. The ratio of the average flow velocity and space-averaged thermal diffusivity, expressed inmore » terms of a Peclet number, was found to decrease slightly with Reynolds number. The momentum and thermal position Peclet numbers both varied similarly with position Reynolds number. Both position numbers increased near the wall, increasing faster than values given by correlations which have been previously proposed for eddy momentum diffusivities. A comparison of the thermal and momentum diffusivity results with mass diffusivity results indicates that molecular properties of the fluid have an important influence on the turbulent properties. (auth)« less
Salmonella Arizonae Bacteremia Associated with Septic Arthritis Following Consumption of Rattlesnake Capsules in a Patient with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) on Chronic Steroid Therapy.

Background: Folk medicine plays an important role in some populations in the United States. In particular, the use of rattle snake powder is becoming increasingly popular among the Mexican-American population along the US-Mexico border. Infections associated with the ingestion of this preparation have increasingly been reported in this country. We present a patient who presented with Salmonella Arizonae bacteremia and septic arthritis with underlying ITP on chronic treatment with steroids and surreptitious use of rattle snake powder. Case Report: A 53 year-old Mexican -American male with a past history of ITP on chronic oral prednisone with intact spleen was admitted with fever, chills, and an acute onset of pain, swelling and tenderness of his left knee. On admission to the hospital, his temperature was 101.5 F, blood pressure was 124/68, and pulse 102/min. The physical findings were significant for swelling and tenderness to the left knee with evidence of synovial effusion and restricted range of motion. The white blood cell count was 18,000cu/mm. Culture of the patient’s left knee synovial fluid aspirate grew Salmonella Arizonae , as did his blood cultures. The pathogen was sensitive to 3rd generation cephalosporins and quinolones, and he was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone for 2 weeks with resolution of the bacteremia and improvement of the septic knee. He subsequently underwent a total knee arthroplasty, and follow up 1 year later revealed no evidence of persistent infection. After the pathogen identification, a careful alternative medicine history revealed the consumption of rattle snake powder preparation intended for treatment of his arthritis and ITP. Conclusion: Physicians should be aware of Salmonella Arizonae associated illnesses in both immunocompetent as well as immunosuppressed patients. Because the surge of interest in complementary and alternative medicine, a careful history should be elucidated, especially in immunocompromised patients who present with this syndrome.
Disparities in high school completion among Latinos: The role of the age-at-arrival and immigration status

Abstract In comparing educational outcomes among Latino immigrants and their native-born peers, prior research has largely overlooked the potential roles of age-at-arrival to the United States and immigration status. To address these oversights, this study considers the relationships between age-at-arrival and immigration status (citizen, authorized, and unauthorized) on high school completion among a sample of Latino adults ( N = 932) from the 2001 Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (LA FANS). Results from weighted logistic regression models suggest that, irrespective of age-at-arrival to the United States, having an authorized or unauthorized immigration status is significantly associated with a lower likelihood of high school completion. Moreover, no significant differences were found in high school completion between early and later childhood arrivals once accounting for immigration status and other covariates. This study suggests that immigration status plays an important role in high school completion and should be considered in efforts to improve educational outcomes among Latino immigrants.
Family history, race, and prostate cancer.

225Background: African American (AA) race and family history (FH) of prostate cancer (PCa) increase the incidence and mortality of PCa. The goal of this study was to assess and compare FH in AA and Caucasian (C) men. Methods: During June 2015 through September 2016, 338 men with prostate cancer had FH collected at Tulane Cancer Center (C = 266 and AA = 72). A FH was defined as ≥ 1 1st degree relative with PCa and/or ≥ 2 affected 2nd/3rddegree relatives. Documented clinical factors were age at diagnosis (dx), Gleason score, incidence of radical prostatectomy (RP), and presence of metastases (at any time). Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to identify potential clinical correlates with regard to FH and race. Results: For demographics see table below. On average, men with a FH of PCa (n = 110) had a median age at dx of 59.6 as compared to those without a FH of PCa (n = 151) (median age at dx = 63.0). Overall FH patients (pts) were younger at dx (p = 0.00046). FH had a particularly impactful ...
Higher fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) uptake in tuberculous compared to bacterial spondylodiscitis

Tuberculous spondylodiscitis can be difficult to diagnose because of its nonspecific symptoms and the similarities with non-tubercular forms of spinal infection. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) is increasingly used for the diagnosis and monitoring of tubercular diseases. Retrospective, case-control study comparing tuberculous spondylodiscitis with biopsy-confirmed pyogenic spondylodiscitis in the period 2010–2012. Ten cases of tuberculous spondylodiscitis and 20 controls were included. Compared to pyogenic, tuberculous spondylodiscitis was more frequent in younger patients (P = 0.01) and was more often associated with thoraco-lumbar tract lesions (P = 0.01) and multiple vertebral involvement (P = 0.01). Significantly higher maximum standardized uptake values (SUV) at FDG-PET were displayed by tuberculous spondylodiscitis compared to controls (12.4 vs. 7.3, P = 0.003). SUV levels above 8 showed the highest value of specificity (0.80). Mean SUV reduction of 48% was detected for tuberculous spondylodiscitis at 1-month follow-up. Higher SUV levels at FDG-PET were detected in tuberculous compared with pyogenic spondylodiscitis. PET-CT use appeared useful in the disease follow-up after treatment initiation.
UAS Well Clear Recovery Against Non-Cooperative Intruders Using Vertical Maneuvers

This paper documents a study that drove the development of a mathematical expression in the detect-and-avoid (DAA) minimum operational performance standards (MOPS) for unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). This equation describes the conditions under which vertical maneuver guidance should be provided during recovery of DAA well clear separation with a non-cooperative VFR aircraft. Although the original hypothesis was that vertical maneuvers for DAA well clear recovery should only be offered when sensor vertical rate errors are small, this paper suggests that UAS climb and descent performance should be considered-in addition to sensor errors for vertical position and vertical rate-when determining whether to offer vertical guidance. A fast-time simulation study involving 108,000 encounters between a UAS and a non-cooperative visual-flight-rules aircraft was conducted. Results are presented showing that, when vertical maneuver guidance for DAA well clear recovery was suppressed, the minimum vertical separation increased by roughly 50 feet (or horizontal separation by 500 to 800 feet). However, the percentage of encounters that had a risk of collision when performing vertical well clear recovery maneuvers was reduced as UAS vertical rate performance increased and sensor vertical rate errors decreased. A class of encounter is identified for which vertical-rate error had a large effect on the efficacy of horizontal maneuvers due to the difficulty of making the correct left/right turn decision: crossing conflict with intruder changing altitude. Overall, these results support logic that would allow vertical maneuvers when UAS vertical performance is sufficient to avoid the intruder, based on the intruder's estimated vertical position and vertical rate, as well as the vertical rate error of the UAS' sensor.
Decision Making Influences Tibial Impact Accelerations During Lateral Cutting.

Lower-extremity musculoskeletal injuries are common in sports such as basketball and soccer. Athletes competing in sports of this nature must maneuver in response to the actions of their teammates, opponents, etc. This limits their ability to preplan movements. The purpose of this study was to compare impact accelerations during preplanned versus unplanned lateral cutting. A total of 30 subjects (15 males and 15 females) performed preplanned and unplanned cuts while the authors analyzed impact accelerations using an accelerometer secured to their tibia. For the preplanned condition, subjects were aware of the movement to perform before initiating a trial. For the unplanned condition, subjects initiated their movement and then reacted to the illumination of one of 3 visual stimuli which dictated whether they would cut, land, or land-and-jump. A mixed-model analysis of variance with a between factor of sex (male and female) and a within factor of condition (preplanned and unplanned) was used to analyze the ...
Automatic opioid user detection from Twitter: transductive ensemble built on different meta-graph based similarities over heterogeneous information network

Opioid (e.g., heroin and morphine) addiction has become one of the largest and deadliest epidemics in the United States. To combat such deadly epidemic, in this paper, we propose a novel framework named HinOPU to automatically detect opioid users from Twitter, which will assist in sharpening our understanding toward the behavioral process of opioid addiction and treatment. In HinOPU, to model the users and the posted tweets as well as their rich relationships, we introduce structured heterogeneous information network (HIN) for representation. Afterwards, we use meta-graph based approach to characterize the semantic relatedness over users; we then formulate different similarities over users based on different meta-graphs on HIN. To reduce the cost of acquiring labeled samples for supervised learning, we propose a transductive classification method to build the base classifiers based on different similarities formulated by different meta-graphs. Then, to further improve the detection accuracy, we construct an ensemble to combine different predictions from different base classifiers for opioid user detection. Comprehensive experiments on real sample collections from Twitter are conducted to validate the effectiveness of HinOPU in opioid user detection by comparisons with other alternate methods.
Selenium-Containing Transfer RNAs

Publisher Summary One of the unique features of the amino acid transfer ribonucleic acids is their high content of modified nucleosides. Sulfur containing derivatives of uridine, adenosine, and cytidine are known in bacteria and in eukaryotic organisms. Specific incorporation of selenium into the tRNA of E. coli , Methanococcus vannielii , and mammalian cells in culture has been investigated. Selenium is known to be important in the metabolism of each of the bacterial species in which selenium-containing tRNAs have been found. Clostridium sticklandii , M. vannielii , and E. coli each synthesize a selenium requiring formate dehydrogenase. Glycine reductase from C. Sticklandii and hydrogenase from M. vannielii are also selenoenzymes. The structural similarity of the selenium-containing tRNAs and selenonucleosides to the analogous sulfur-containing molecules raises interesting questions of specificity and biosynthesis. Selenium is readily incorporated into preformed tRNA, and this selenium-accepting capacity of the tRNA does not readily decrease with time. The 5 methylaminomethyl side chain may be either complete or in various stages of completion when selenium modification at the second position occurs. This chapter describes three steps in protein synthesis requiring tRNA: (1) amino acid activation, (2) codon recognition, and (3) peptide bond formation.
Pediatricians’ vaccine attitudes and practices before and after a major measles outbreak:

The objective of this study was to describe how a sample of pediatricians were impacted by and responded to the Disneyland measles outbreak in the United States. We conducted three repeated cross-s...
Mathematical surrealism as an alternative to easy-road fictionalism

Easy-road mathematical fictionalists grant for the sake of argument that quantification over mathematical entities is indispensable to some of our best scientific theories and explanations. Even so they maintain we can accept those theories and explanations, without believing their mathematical components, provided we believe the concrete world is intrinsically as it needs to be for those components to be true. Those I refer to as “mathematical surrealists” by contrast appeal to facts about the intrinsic character of the concrete world, not to explain why our best mathematically imbued scientific theories and explanations are acceptable in spite of having false components, but in order to replace those theories and explanations with parasitic, nominalistically acceptable alternatives. I argue that easy-road fictionalism is viable only if mathematical surrealism is and that the latter constitutes a superior nominalist strategy. Two advantages of mathematical surrealism are that it neither begs the question concerning the explanatory role of mathematics in science nor requires rejecting the cogency of inference to the best explanation.