cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Matrix partitioning on a virtual shared memory parallel machine

The general problem considered in the paper is partitioning of a matrix operation between processors of a parallel system in an optimum load-balanced way without potential memory contention. The considered parallel system is defined by several features the main of which is availability of a virtual shared memory divided into segments. If partitioning of a matrix operation causes parallel access to the same memory segment with writing data to the segment by at least one processor, then contention between processors arises which implies performance degradation. To eliminate such situation, a restriction is imposed on a class of possible partitionings, so that no two processors would write data to the same segment. On the resulting class of contention-free partitionings, a load-balanced optimum partitioning is defined as satisfying independent minimax criteria. The main result of the paper is an algorithm for finding the optimum partitioning by means of analytical solution of respective minimax problems. The paper also discusses implementation and performance issues related to the algorithm, on the basis of experience at Kendall Square Research Corporation, where the partitioning algorithm was used for creating high-performance parallel matrix libraries.
On the Design of an Adaptive Simulated Annealing Algorithm

In this paper, we demonstrate the ease in which an adaptive simulated annealing algorithm can be designed. Specifically, we use the adaptive annealing schedule known as the modified Lam schedule to apply simulated annealing to the weighted tardiness scheduling problem with sequence-dependent setups. The modified Lam annealing schedule adjusts the temperature to track the theoretical optimal rate of accepted moves. Employing the modified Lam schedule allows us to avoid the often tedious tuning of the annealing schedule; as the algorithm tunes itself for each instance during problem solving. Our results show that an adaptive simulated annealer can be competitive when compared to highly tuned, hand crafted algorithms. Specifically, we compare our results to a state-of-the- art genetic algorithm for weighted tardiness scheduling with sequence-dependent setups. Our study serves as an illustration of the ease with which a parameter-free simulated annealer can be designed and implemented.
Flow-Induced Structural Vibrations

The problem of flow-induced structural vibration is characterized mainly by interdependence of structural deformation and fluid-dynamic loading. The analytical and physical nature of this problem, designated as fluidelasticity, is examined and exemplified, thereby developing a framework useful in unifying an otherwise heterogeneous group of vibration phenomena. The performance of timely model studies is emphasized.
Characterization of Flow Homogeneity Downstream of a Slotted Orifice Plate in a Two-Phase Flow Using Electrical Resistance Tomography

Abstract Two-phase flows are complex and unpredictable in nature, commonly encountered in a majority of fluid transport systems. The accurate measurement of two-phase flow is critical for a wide range of applications from wet stream to multiphase flows. There are different methods to meter two-phase flow in various industries. One approach is to produce a flow meter that does not require the individual flow components to be separated and measured separately. This goal can be met if a homogenized mixture is produced which can be measured by a standard single phase flow meter. The slotted orifice plate was invented as a flow meter for single phase flows, it is independent upon upstream flow conditions. Slotted orifice plate flow meter's utilization in two-phase flow revealed that it is highly capable of working as a flow conditioner transforming most of the multiphase flow regimes into a fairly uniform mixture. This study measures how the relative homogeneity of an air/water mixture varies downstream of the slotted plate in a horizontal pipe for various upstream conditions including elongated bubble and slug flow regimes using electrical resistance tomography (ERT). According to this study, the optimal location with a maximum homogeneity was determined to be between 1.5 and 2.5 pipe diameters downstream of the slotted orifice plate. This indicates that placing a slotted orifice plate at the obtained distance upstream of another flow meter such as a venturi coupled with a density measuring device like a radiation based densitometer or an electrical impedance device will help in obtaining accurate multiphase flow rate measurement.
Do orthopaedic trauma patients develop higher rates of cardiac complications? An analysis of 56,000 patients.

Less than 5 % of orthopaedic patients develop postoperative cardiac complications; however, there are little data suggesting which orthopaedic patients are at greatest risk. In an era where emerging reimbursement models place an emphasis on quality, reducing complications through perioperative planning will be of paramount importance for orthopaedic surgeons. The purpose of this study was to determine whether orthopaedic trauma patients are at greater risk for postoperative cardiac complications and to reveal which factors are most predictive of these complications. All orthopaedic patients were identified in the 2006–2013 ACS-NSQIP database. Cardiac complications were defined as cardiac arrests or myocardial infarctions within 30 days following surgery. Chi squared analysis determined differences in cardiac complication rates between trauma and non-trauma patients. Bivariate analysis incorporating over 40 patient/surgical characteristics determined significant associations between patient characteristics and cardiac complications. These factors were incorporated into a multivariate regression model to identify predictive risk factors for cardiac complications. The presence of a traumatic injury resulted in greater odds of developing cardiac complications (OR: 1.645, p < 0.001). The cardiac complication rate in the trauma group was 1.3 % compared to 0.3 % in the non-trauma group (p < 0.001). For trauma patients, ventilator use (OR: 27.354, p = 0.004), recent transfusion (OR: 19.780, p = 0.001), and history of coma (OR: 17.922, p = 0.020) were most predictive of cardiac complications. Orthopaedic trauma patients are more likely to develop cardiac complications than non-trauma patients. To reduce cardiac complications, orthopaedic traumatologists should be aware of patient risk factors including ventilator use, blood transfusion, and history of coma.
Synchronization, cross-docking, and decoupling in supply chain networks

At any distribution centre (DC), the decision of whether to synchronise inbound and outbound flows for cross-docking, or to decouple these flows by maintaining inventory, has a significant impact on supply chain performance. Key drivers of this decision, in turn, are the sizes of the discrete lots that comprise the flows. Thus, we formulate an original optimisation model that determines order lot-sizing decisions to minimise, for given constant arc flows, the sum of ordering cost and pipeline inventory cost on arcs and buffer inventory at DCs. The model employs an average throughput as a surrogate to estimate buffer inventory at facilities at which synchronisation is not economical and therefore serves to decouple inbound and outbound flows. Perfect lot-for-lot matching of shipments would impose very restrictive constraints on supply chain operations, but equality of average throughput indicates an innovative, relaxed mode of synchronisation. This mode is practicable for cross-docking by means of bulk-bre...
Thermal management for high power lithium-ion battery by minichannel aluminum tubes

Abstract Lithium-ion batteries are widely used for battery electric (all-electric) vehicles (BEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) due to their high energy and power density. An battery thermal management system (BTMS) is crucial for the performance, lifetime, and safety of lithium-ion batteries. In this paper, a novel design of BTMS based on aluminum minichannel tubes is developed and applied on a single prismatic Li-ion cell under different discharge rates. Parametric studies are conducted to investigate the performance of the BTMS using different flow rates and configurations. With minichannel cooling, the maximum cell temperature at a discharge rate of 1C is less than 27.8 °C, and the temperature difference across the cell is less than 0.80 °C using flow rate at 0.20 L/min, at the expense of 8.69e-6 W pumping power. At higher discharge rates, e.g., 1.5C and 2C, higher flow rates are required to maintain the same temperature rise and temperature difference. The flow rate needed is 0.8 L/min for 1.5C and 2.0 L/min for 2C, while the required pumping power is 4.23e-4 W and 5.27e-3 W, respectively. The uniform temperature distribution (
William Rusher. The Coming Battle For The Media: Curbing the Power of The Media Elite. New York: William Morrow, 1988. 228 pp. $16.95.

(1988). William Rusher. The Coming Battle For The Media. American Journalism: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 259-262.
The Mother Centriole Appendage Protein Cenexin Modulates Lumen Formation through Spindle Orientation

Establishing apical-basal polarity is instrumental in the functional shaping of a solitary lumen within an acinus. By exploiting micropatterned slides, wound healing assays, and three-dimensional culture systems, we identified a mother centriole subdistal appendage protein, cenexin, as a critical player in symmetric lumen expansion through the control of microtubule organization. In this regard, cenexin was required for both centrosome positioning in interphase cells and proper spindle orientation during mitosis. In contrast, the essential mother centriole distal appendage protein CEP164 did not play a role in either process, demonstrating the specificity of subdistal appendages for these events. Importantly, upon closer examination we found that cenexin depletion decreased astral microtubule length, disrupted astral microtubule minus-end organization, and increased levels of the polarity protein NuMA at the cell cortex. Interestingly, spindle misorientation and NuMA mislocalization were reversed by treatment with a low dose of the microtubule-stabilizing agent paclitaxel. Taken together, these results suggest that cenexin modulates microtubule organization and stability to mediate spindle orientation.
Dacryocystoscintigraphy: Diagnosis of Lacrimal Duct Obstruction Using Pinhole Collimator

Radiologic studies of the nasolacrimal system following instillation of various opaque media have been found to be of value in patients with epiphora. However, there are certain disadvantages with these methods. Extravasation of the oily opaque media into the surrounding tissues may subsequently result in the development of pseudopolycystic sacs. The use of too highly concentrated solutions of aqueous contrast substances occasionally results in local irritation. Although improved contrast preparations are now available for studies of the nasolacrimal system, injection directly into the duct is necessary. A local anesthetic is required before the introduction of the contrast material through a dilator or cannula. Recently, scintigraphic study of the nasolacrimal system has been described using a micro pinhole collimator (0.04-in. or 1-mm diameter) ( 1 ). This method was found to be convenient and valuable to evaluate the patency of the nasolacrimal duct. Since the micro pinhole collimator is not readily available, we have used a standard pinhole collimator (5 mm). In this report we describe our technique of performing a dacryocystoscintigram with the standard pinhole collimator in 16 patients referred to our department with complaints of epiphora. The results are discussed briefly, for the clinical and scintigraphic details are to be published elsewhere.
Evaluation of chromogenic media in detection of vancomycin resistant enterococci.

Introduction: Vancomycin resistant Enterococci have become important nosocomial pathogens. So it is necessary to monitor continuously such infections in the hospitals. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 Enterococci isolated from 4489 various clinical samples were speciated and antibiogram was done according to standard laboratory methods. The efficacy of CHROMagarTM VRE (France) and Hicrome VRE (Himedia) in detecting VRE was evaluated using E- test (Himedia). Results: Hicrome VRE and CHROMagarTM VRE showed sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 99% as compared to E-test. Conclusion: In the present study VRE was not isolated. Prudent use of vancomycin and continuous surveillance for VRE will prevent the emergence of vancomycin resistant Enterococci in the locality in future. Identification of VRE by chromogenic media is rapid, easy to perform, cost effective compared to technically demanding, time consuming and costly conventional method.
Improved Laboratory Methods for Rearing the Boll Weevil

A disposable bacteriological capillary tube provided a simple and gentle method of implanting eggs of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, onto artificial diet. The technique is equally adaptable to maintenance of small cultures and to mass-rearing programs. Eggs were collected from cotton squares (flower buds) by chopping the squares in water with a household food chopper. The eggs were removed, surface sterilized, and submerged in sterile water in a sterile petri dish. The egg-water suspension was drawn into a disposable bacteriological capillary tube and ejected onto the scratched surface of larval diet in petri dishes. The Petri dishes containing the eggs and diet were held 14-17 days at 26 for development, after which the adults were removed and held in cartons for feeding and egg production. The moisture content of diet before eggs were implanted was the most important of the conditions investigated in determining the percentage of adults that were obtained.
Lessons Learned in CERES: Integrating Multiple Instruments on Multiple Platforms with Multiple Sources of Data

This paper discussed the complex issues in com bining remote sensing data from a variety of sources into a unified set of data products that can be used in the analysis of climate change. Creation of climate quality data records from remote sensing observations presents special challenges to the scien ce data processing segment of an instrument team. Throughout its history, remote sensing systems have recognized instrument calibration adjustments over time as necessary. Long -term stability over many decades is a unique climate data requirement imposed on remotely sensed data and creates special problems when information technology is rapidly evolving. Over the life of an observational data set, changes in ground processing environments, if not handled correctly, can create unexpected biases in signals and are a special challenge when the hardware, operating systems and processing libraries change on a quarterly basis. Planning for ground processing systems to support climate data records must incorporate requirements for accommodating changes to the t echnology and provide for a means of validating the stability of data products. This planning becomes particularly useful when the observational system lifetime extends through several lifetimes of the ground processing systems, and yet requires the elimi nation of errors created by changing the technologies in science data processing.
Occupational hazards surveillance and analysis of municipal industrial enterprises in Hangzhou

Objective:To understand the occupational hazards and their harmful levels of municipal industrial enterprises in Hangzhou.Methods:To investigate and detect the occupational Hazard Factors in workplaces of the 494 municipal enterprises of Hangzhou City.Results:The major occupational hazards in the working sites are toxic chemicals,dusts and physical factors,and the passing rates of them in monitoring points were 95.30%,80.66% and 68.76%,respectively.Conclusion:The harmful effects done to the workers′ health by the hazards in the workplace are multifaceted,and it should be well considered to manage them.It is important to make the surveillance focused on the key enterprises and main pollution sources.
Quantum Dot Methods for Cellular Neuroimaging

Functionalized quantum dot nanocrystals provide an opportunity for high signal-to-noise ratio-specific labeling of cells with micron-scale spatial resolution, and extend the cellular imaging toolbox available to the cellular neurobiologist. In this chapter, we discuss previous work from our group aimed at optimizing quantum dot labeling protocols specific to neurons and neural glial cells, labeling and imaging of intact neural retinal tissue sections in a rat model of retinal degeneration focused on the formation of the glial scar following focal reactive gliosis, and the characterization and estimation of the number of functionally available antibodies for biological binding conjugated to quantum dots following two popular conjugation schemes.
Prednisone-Treated Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

The immunosuppressant/antiinflammatory effects of prednisone were studied in 33 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (ages 5 to 15 years) at the conclusion of a six month treatment trial at the Department of Neurology, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.
Emerging Roles for Librarians in the Medical School Curriculum and the Impact on Professional Identity

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the impact on professional identity for health sciences librarians participating in the curriculum revision and development process. A qualitative survey, designed to examine the current roles, values, and self-identification of health sciences librarians involved in curricular revision, was conducted. The respondents discussed how they had participated in the planning, implementation, and rollout phases of revised curricula. They identified skills and values essential to successful participation and described the impact of expanded professional relationships on new identities as educators, change agents, and problem solvers. The study may add to the knowledge base of skills and attitudes needed for successful practice in these newly emerging roles.
Depictions of Social Class in Newbery-Winning Fantasies

Children’s literature is a reflection of what society values and what knowledge and beliefs should be passed along to future generations. Books are often considered means of socializing and educating children (Apol, 1998), and this is particularly true for works of fantasy. Gates, Steffel, and Molson (2003) contend “fantasy literature represents our personal need and the universal quest for deeper realities and universal truth” (p. 2), while Tunnell and Jacobs (2008) argue fantasy “clarifies the human condition and captures the essence of our deepest emotions, dreams, hopes, and fears” (p. 121).
Bioethics: The View from Social Science

Since the inception of professional American bioethics, social scientists have been invested in participating in the debates surrounding the definitions and solutions to bioethical problems. The relationship between the social sciences and professional bioethics, however, has been tenuous, given the different disciplinary methods and ideas that undergird both fields. At present, the social sciences contribute to bioethics in two central ways. As outsiders, or as social scientists of bioethics, researchers place the profession of bioethics as their object of empirical study; as insiders, or as social scientists in bioethics, researchers work within the framework of professional bioethics. The former is more critical, often challenging assumptions in professional bioethics, and the latter is more positivistic, supplying empirical data about opinions, values and experiences that help improve existing practices within professional bioethics. Key Concepts In American bioethics, there are four jurisdictions that a variety of professionals engage in: cultural bioethics, research bioethics, health care ethics consultation and public policy bioethics. The profession of bioethics is a group of professionals that have a common set of methods and ideas for posing and solving problems. The social sciences have had a complex relationship with professional bioethics because often social scientists challenge the methods and ideas that form the basis of professional bioethics' authority. It is helpful to think of social sciences of bioethics and social sciences in bioethics to differentiate between the ways in which social scientists engage with the study of bioethics. Social scientists of bioethics empirically study the profession of bioethics, situating its claims to expertise, institutionalisation and practices within the broader cultural and social context. Social scientists in bioethics empirically study questions originally raised or delimited in scope by the profession of bioethics, hoping to improve the decision-making processes or implementation practices within the jurisdictions of bioethics. While social science of bioethics and social science in bioethics have historically existed in tension, it is important that they remain distinct areas of inquiry while moving towards constructive conversations. Keywords: jurisdictions of bioethics; profession of bioethics; social science of bioethics; social science in bioethics; public engagement
Effect of Medicaid Policy Changes on Medication Adherence: Differences by Baseline Adherence.

BACKGROUND: In 2001, the North Carolina (NC) Medicaid program reduced the number of days prescription supply that enrollees could fill from 100 days to 34 days and increased copayments for brand-name medications. Previous work has shown that a change in these policies led to a decrease in medication adherence from 2.9 to 8.0 percentage points in specific populations with chronic conditions. Studies have also shown that days supply limits and copayment increases have heterogeneous effects based on enrollees’ baseline characteristics, including baseline adherence. However, this phenomenon has not been studied in the Medicaid population. We undertook this study to assess the heterogeneous effect of the NC Medicaid policy changes in groups with varying levels of baseline adherence. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether restrictions on days supply had heterogeneous effects in subgroups defined by medication adherence before the policy changes. METHODS: A partial difference-in-difference-in-differences model with fixed...
Well-posedness for some damped elastic systems in Banach spaces

Abstract In this paper we study the well-posedness for some damped elastic systems in a Banach space. To illustrate our abstract results, we study the existence of classical solutions to some elastic systems with viscous and strong dampings.
Calcium, Ammonia, Redox-Active Tyrosine YZ, and Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in the Photosynthetic Oxygen-Evolving Complex

A redox-active tyrosine, YZ (Y161 in the D1 polypeptide), is essential in photosystem II (PSII), which conducts photosynthetic oxygen evolution. On each step of the light-driven oxygen evolving reaction, YZ radical is formed by a chlorophyll cation radical. YZ radical is then reduced by a Mn4CaO5 cluster in a proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) reaction. YZ is hydrogen bonded to His190-D1 and to water molecules in a hydrogen-bonding network, involving calcium. This network is sensitive to disruption with ammonia and to removal and replacement of calcium. Only strontium supports activity. Here, we use electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to define the influence of ammonia treatment, calcium removal, and strontium/barium substitution on YZ radical PCET at two pH values. A defined oxidation state of the metal cluster (S2) was trapped by illumination at 190 K. The net reduction and protonation of YZ radical via PCET were monitored by EPR transients collected after a 532 nm laser flash. At 19...
Beyond Men, Women, or Both: A Comprehensive, LGBTQ-Inclusive, Implicit-Bias-Aware, Standardized-Patient-Based Sexual History Taking Curriculum.

Introduction This standardized-patient-based module prepares medical students to take inclusive, comprehensive sexual histories from patients of all sexual orientations and gender identities. Healt...
The Peace of Nijmegen: De Witt’s Revenge

I hope you will excuse it if, after all the learned papers we have heard these past three days, I do not undertake to add to our fund of knowledge about the Peace of Nijmegen from every conceivable side, as those who have preceded me have done, and done very well. I wish merely to look at the Peace of Nijmegen from the vantage point of the dozen years before the Guerre de Hollande, and see it in what is perhaps a new light.
Radiologists and Social Media: Do Not Forget About Facebook.

Abstract Purpose Facebook (Facebook, Inc, Menlo Park, California, USA) is the most popular social networking platform worldwide. Facebook groups are virtual communities of people who share a common interest. Breast Imaging Radiologists is a Facebook group for radiologists with an interest in breast imaging. The purpose of this study was to analyze the membership and activity of the Breast Imaging Radiologists Facebook group (BIRFG) for 2 years since its inception. Methods Using both the Grytics (www.grytics.com) and Sociograph (www.sociograph.io) analytic engines, the activity of the BIRFG was analyzed retrospectively from its inception on February 11, 2015, through February 12, 2017. Activity data were exported for further qualitative and quantitative analysis using Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, Washington, USA). Member demographic data were obtained by querying public Facebook profiles, US News Doctor Finder (US News & World Report, Washington, DC, USA), Doximity (Doximity, San Francisco, California, USA), and Google (Google Inc, Mountain View, California, USA). Results Membership grew from 1 to 774 over the study period, and 84% of the members were female. There were 493 posts, 3,253 comments, and 1,732 reactions; 92% of posts received either comments or reactions. Each post received an average of 6.6 comments, and 55% of members were active over the study period. There was an increase in all measures of activity from year 1 to year 2. Conclusions Our findings indicate that radiologists find value in using Facebook groups as a forum to network and exchange information about breast imaging. This may be generalizable to other radiology subspecialties. Given the popularity and accessibility of Facebook for personal use, it may prove a more comfortable social medium for radiologists to interact professionally.
Controlling for Selection Bias: The Role of Firm Size in Gains from Acquisitions

It is well documented that large firms are more likely than small firms to execute acquisitions while the announcement day returns are lower than acquisitions by small firms. Our paper explores a new explanation for this result: acquisitions announced by large firms are anticipated by the market and the announcement changes little while announcements by small firms of presumably value increasing acquisitions are unanticipated and the market reacts positively. To support this explanation, we employ a Heckman selection model that accounts for the endogeneous selection of firms into the most advantageous acquisitions and the market’s expectation about the propensity for a firm to pursue acquisitions. Using two novel instruments to correct for the potential bias in the common least-squared regressions that consistently show a negative relationship between firm size and announcement day returns, we find that the negative impact of firm size on acquisition returns becomes insignificant (and often positive). ∗We especially thank Yashar Heydari, William O’Brien, Mihai Ion, and Tia McDonald for their helpful discussions and valuable suggestions on this or an earlier draft. All errors are our own. †Ohio University, Department of Economics, Address: Athens, OH 45701, United States, Email austinj@ohio.edu ‡Kent State University, College of Business Administration, Address: P.O. Box 5190, Kent, OH 44242, United States, Email: jharri97@kent.edu.
Transblepharo-Preseptal Modified Orbitozygomatic Approach for the Treatment of Ruptured Proximal Anterior Circulation Aneurysms.

Background Minimally invasive skull base approaches, including the cosmetically optimal transblepharo-preseptal modified orbitozygomatic (TBMOZ) technique, have been described to treat proximal anterior circulation aneurysms. The use of minimally invasive techniques for previously ruptured aneurysms is rare because of perceived technical challenges in controlling intraoperative ruptures. Herein, we determine the utility of the minimally invasive TBMOZ approach for the treatment of ruptured proximal anterior circulation aneurysms. Methods A retrospective analysis of an institutional review board–approved, prospective database was performed to identify patients with ruptured anterior circulation aneurysms treated with a TBMOZ approach. Patient demographics, aneurysm characteristics, temporary clip time, intra-operative ruptures, and neurologic outcomes were recorded. Results Fifteen patients (9 females, 6 males; average age, 53.6 ± 12.2 years) underwent a TBMOZ craniotomy following subarachnoid hemorrhage for clipping of 17 aneurysms (12 anterior communicating, 3 posterior communicating, and 2 carotid terminus). Four of 15 patients (26.6%) experienced intraoperative rupture, which was easily controlled in all patients and did not affect clinical outcomes. All patients had complete aneurysm ablation confirmed on postoperative cerebrovascular imaging. Good neurologic outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Score [GOS] of 5) were achieved in 73.3% (n = 11) of patients at time of hospital discharge; the remaining patients had a GOS of 3–4. No patients experienced frontalis muscle weakness or facial nerve injuries, and all patients had acceptable cosmetic outcomes. One patient (6.6%) experienced a surgery-related complication: postoperative versus vasospasm-induced perforator infarcts. Conclusions The TBMOZ approach provides a minimally invasive option for the safe treatment of previously ruptured proximal anterior circulation aneurysms.
Metastasiertes Nierenzellkarzinom: zytoreduktive Nephrektomie obsolet?

Patienten mit metastasiertem Nierenzellkarzinom und intermediarem oder hohem Risiko mussen nicht operiert werden, wenn sie eine Sunitinib-Monotherapie erhalten. Diese Daten der CARMENA-Studie haben es sogar bis in die Plenary-Session der ASCO-Jahrestagung geschafft. Aber auch zu Urothel- und kastrationsresistentem Prostatakarzinom gab es einiges Neues.
The Importance of Resiliency in Daily Living

Life is by its nature a changing, and therefore stressful, phenomenon. One source of stress is the ongoing developmental process that starts with birth, and continues until death. The other source of stress is megatrends imposed by circumstances beyond our control, especially in our changing times. Together, these ongoing stresses need to be turned to advantage by what we learn in dealing with, rather than denying and avoiding them. Fully engaging in this resilient process is facilitated by personality hardiness.
Neuromuscular Transmission Disorders: Electrodiagnostic Tests

The repetitive nerve stimulation test is the most commonly used technique for studying neuromuscular transmission disorders because of its relative simplicity and rapid results. The classic pattern in myasthenia gravis (MG) is normal compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and decremental response at low-rate stimulation (LRS), being observed in 75% of cases. The classic pattern in Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is low CMAP amplitude, decremental response at LRS, and incremental response at high-rate stimulation, being observed in 100% of cases. The single-fiber electromyography is abnormal in 88–100% of MG cases and in 100% of LEMS and botulism cases.
Disturbance, Stress and Resilience

In Wonderful Life (1989), Stephen Jay Gould played a metaphorical game he called “replaying life’s tape.” In the game, you rewind the history of life on Earth to some point in the past, and then “let the tape run again and see if the repetition looks at all like the original.” He was writing about the evolution of various forms of life on Earth, not about the assembly of ecological communities, but the same game may be played with ecosystems. Rewind the tape a short time, perhaps a few million years, and press play. When the tape has returned to the present – assuming humans are still present – would we still be trying to preserve the oak savannas south of Lake Erie? Would we be managing ecosystems in eastern Kansas to favor big bluestem and Indian grass and to discourage woody species? And (though I would like to believe that the channelization of the Kissimmee would not happen in any other reality), would we still by trying to restore a mean annual dry season density of long-legged wading birds on the Kissimmee floodplain to greater than 30.6 birds/km2?
Health Care Utilization and Unmet Need Among Youth With Special Health Care Needs.

Abstract Purpose To examine unmet health needs and health care utilization among youth with special health care needs (YSHCN). Methods We analyzed data among youth aged 12–17 years using the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health. We conducted descriptive analyses comparing YSHCN with non-YSHCN, and bivariate and multivariable analyses examining associations between dependent and independent measures. Six dependent variables represented unmet needs and utilization. Adjusted analyses controlled for sociodemographic and health measures. Results A total of 5,862 individuals were identified as YSHCN, and nearly 70% had three or more comorbid conditions. Over 90% used medical care, preventive care, or dental care in the past 12 months, while 8% reported having unmet health needs (compared with 2.8% of non-YSHCN). Using a typology of qualifying criteria for special health care needs, we found that YSHCN with increasing complexity of needs were more likely to report unmet health needs, use of mental health care services, and emergency department use, compared with YSHCN using medication only to manage their conditions. All YSHCN living in households below 400% federal poverty level were less likely to utilize nearly all types of health care examined, with the exception of mental health care use, compared with those at or above 400% federal poverty level. Conclusions Differences in complexity of needs, race/ethnicity, and poverty status highlight existing gaps in health care utilization and persistent unmet health needs among YSHCN. Efforts should focus on strengthening coordinated systems of care that optimally meet the needs of YSHCN so they may thrive in their families and communities.
Removal of calcific band keratopathy without ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in eyes with limited visual potential

Purpose Treatment of calcific band keratopathy (CBK) is commonly performed with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), but EDTA has become more difficult to obtain. This paper describes a technique for treating CBK using a diamond-dusted burr without EDTA in eyes with limited visual potential. Patients and methods In this paper, we provide detailed instructions on how to perform the surgical technique for treating CBK, along with a surgical video. We performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients with clinically significant CBK who underwent this procedure from December 2012 to July 2015. Results Seven eyes of six patients were included for analysis. Preoperatively, all patients suffered from ocular discomfort. All eyes had poor preoperative visual acuity due to non-corneal ocular disease. The most common causes of CBK in this series were retinopathy of prematurity (three eyes) and chronic uveitis (two eyes). Postoperatively, all patients reported partial or complete relief of discomfort. The length of follow-up ranged from 15 days to 31 months. Two eyes experienced recurrence of CBK. This occurred at 4 and 28 months after treatment. Conclusion The diamond-dusted burr can easily and effectively remove the corneal epithelium and underlying calcium deposits. Therefore, it may be used to effectively treat discomfort from CBK.
Education Policy "in" Leadership Practice: "Accountability Talk" in Schools.

Over the last few decades, high-stakes accountability has become commonplace in education policy both in the United States and internationally. In this paper, we consider the role of school leaders...
The older adult with preexisting neurocognitive disorder.

Purpose of reviewWith the ageing population, there is an increasing number of patients with a neurocognitive disorder (NCD) who undergo surgical procedures. The aim of this review is to highlight the epidemiology of preoperative NCD.Recent findingsNew guidelines have defined NCD into mild NCD and ma
NOTCH signaling is activated in and contributes to resistance in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells.

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States. The androgen receptor (AR) antagonist enzalutamide is a Food and Drug Administration–approved drug for treatment of patients with late-stage prostate cancer and is currently under clinical study for early-stage prostate cancer treatment. After a short positive response period, tumors will develop drug resistance. In this study using RNA-Seq and bioinformatics analyses, we observed that NOTCH signaling is a deregulated pathway in enzalutamide-resistant cells. NOTCH2 and c-MYC gene expression positively correlated with AR expression in samples from patient with hormone refractory disease in which AR expression levels correspond to those typically observed in enzalutamide resistance. Cleaved NOTCH1, HES1 (Hes family BHLH transcription factor 1), and c-MYC protein expression levels are elevated in two enzalutamide-resistant cell lines, MR49F and C4-2R, indicating NOTCH signaling activation. Moreover, inhibition of the overexpressed ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10 (ADAM10) in the resistant cells induces an exclusive reduction in cleaved NOTCH1 expression. Furthermore, exposure of enzalutamide-resistant cells to both PF-03084014 and enzalutamide increased cell death, decreased colony formation ability, and resensitized cells to enzalutamide. Knockdown of NOTCH1 in C4-2R increased enzalutamide sensitivity by decreasing cell proliferation and increasing cleaved PARP expression. In a 22RV1 xenograft model, PF-03084014 and enzalutamide decreased tumor growth through reducing cell proliferation and increasing apoptosis. These results indicate that NOTCH1 signaling may contribute to enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer, and inhibition of NOTCH signaling can resensitize resistant cells to enzalutamide.
“A fucking Jane Austen novel”: an alternative popular culture legacy

To speak of Jane Austen in popular culture conjures up a related sequence of products: BBC mini-series; Paltrow-, Hathaway- or Knightley-helmed adaptations; themed memorabilia that includes zombie ...
Crafting a Subjective Experience of a Rehabilitative Facility: An Autoethnographic Account:

Using an autoethnographic method, this article explores the discourses, lines of force, and narratives that constitute the kind of human being it is possible to become in a rehabilitative skilled n...
Fundamental limits to attractive and repulsive Casimir-Polder forces

We derive upper and lower bounds on the Casimir-Polder force between an anisotropic dipolar body and a macroscopic body, separated by vacuum, via algebraic properties of Maxwell's equations. These bounds require only a coarse characterization of the system---the material composition of the macroscopic object, the polarizability of the dipole, and any convenient partition between the two objects---to encompass all structuring possibilities. We find that the attractive Casimir-Polder force between a polarizable dipole and a uniform planar semi-infinite bulk medium always comes within 10% of the lower bound, implying that nanostructuring is of limited use for increasing attraction. In contrast, the possibility of repulsion is observed even for isotropic dipoles, and is routinely found to be several orders of magnitude larger than any known design, including recently predicted geometries involving conductors with sharp edges. These results may have ramifications for the design of surfaces to trap, suspend, or adsorb ultracold gases.
Scalable and controlled creation of nanoholes in graphene by microwave-assisted chemical etching for improved electrochemical properties

Abstract Nanoholes on the basal plane of graphene can provide abundant mass transport channels and chemically active sites for enhancing the electrochemical performance. However, current thermal chemical etching processes to manufacture these nanoholes commonly suffer from insufficient process efficiency, scalability and controllability, due to the conventional bulk heating strategy lacks capability to promote the etching reactions. To address this issue, a novel process is developed using microwave irradiation to promote and control the chemical etching of graphene. In this process, the microwave can induce a selective heating of graphene in the liquid solution and then facilitate the etching reactions occurring on the graphene-etchant interface. Applying this strategy, a remarkable reduction of processing time from hour-scale to minute-scale compared to the conventional approaches have been achieved with the control of the population and area percentage of nanoholes on the graphene basal plane. Density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the formation of nanoholes originated from the cyclic etchant oxidation process occurring at the edge-sites atoms around pretreated vacancies on graphene basal plane. The obtained holey graphene oxide sheets exhibit excellent capacitive performance and electrochemical catalytic activity due to the improvements in the accessible surface area, ion diffusion, and heterogeneous charge transfer.
Hypothalamic Astrocyte Development and Physiology for Neuroprogesterone Induction of the Luteinizing Hormone Surge

Neural circuits in female rats sequentially exposed to estradiol and progesterone underlie so-called estrogen positive feedback that induce the surge release of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) leading to ovulation and luteinization of the corpus hemorrhagicum. It is now well-established that gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons express neither the reproductively critical estrogen receptor-α (ERα) nor classical progesterone receptor (PGR). Estradiol from developing ovarian follicles acts on ERα-expressing kisspeptin neurons in the rostral periventricular region of the third ventricle (RP3V) to induce PGR expression, and kisspeptin release. Circulating estradiol levels that induce positive feedback also induce neuroprogesterone (neuroP) synthesis in hypothalamic astrocytes. This local neuroP acts on kisspeptin neurons that express PGR to augment kisspeptin expression and release needed to stimulate GnRH release, triggering the LH surge. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that neuroP signaling in kisspeptin neurons occurs through membrane PGR activation of Src family kinase (Src). This signaling cascade has been also implicated in PGR signaling in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, suggesting that Src may be a common mode of membrane PGR signaling. Sexual maturation requires that signaling between neuroP synthesizing astrocytes, kisspeptin and GnRH neurons be established. Prior to puberty, estradiol does not facilitate the synthesis of neuroP in hypothalamic astrocytes. During pubertal development, levels of membrane ERα increase in astrocytes coincident with an increase of PKA phosphorylation needed for neuroP synthesis. Currently, it is not clear whether these developmental changes occur in existing astrocytes or are due to a new population of astrocytes born during puberty. However, strong evidence suggests that it is the former. Blocking new cell addition during puberty attenuates the LH surge. Together these results demonstrate the importance of pubertal maturation involving hypothalamic astrocytes, estradiol-induced neuroP synthesis and membrane-initiated progesterone signaling for the CNS control of ovulation and reproduction.
Time, space, and the calendar in early Chinese mythology

Chinese mythology was grounded in the temporal and spatial rhythms of the agricultural year. In time, these actions were solidified in the form of a calendar. Early Chinese festivals grew directly out of those calendrical rhythms, and produced China’s first mythical themes. Myth is a living story, told and retold in a continual process. The eventual recording of those myths removed them from those festivals and created an altered kind of story. The Chinese mythological tradition itself focuses far more directly upon stories of culture heroes building a shared society and polity than the origins of the universe. The eventual “origin” tale in China emerged more than a millennium after the first myths, and was far removed from the stories generated by rural farmers in their agricultural festivals.
Accountants' Value Preferences and Moral Reasoning

This paper examines the relationship between accountants' personal values and their moral reasoning. In particular, we hypothesize that there is an inverse relationship between accountants' "Conformity" values and moral reasoning. This investigation is important because the literature suggests that accountants' conformity with rule-based standards may be one reason for their relatively lower scores on instruments that measure moral reasoning. We administered the Rokeach Values Survey (Rokeach 1973) and the Defining Issues Test (Rest 1979) to164 graduating accounting students enrolled in capstone courses at two universities in the Northeastern United States. As entrants to the accounting profession these subjects bring their values and moral reasoning to bear on their judgments and decisions in the workplace. We collected data at the beginning and the end of the semester to determine the test-retest reliability of our measurements. We find a highly significant inverse relationship between "Conformity" values and moral reasoning. We also find that graduating accounting students do not prefer Conformity above other personal values such as Self-actualization and Idealism for which we also find positive relationships with moral reasoning. Implications for instruction and research are discussed.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Analysis: Expert Systems and Neural Networks

Artificial intelligence (or AI) is a branch of computer science that has as one of its objectives the development of methodologies that will lead to programs “that exhibit the characteristics we associate with intelligence in human behavior—understanding language, learning, reasoning, solving problems, and so on” (Barr and Feigenbaum 1981). In this chapter, we focus on two areas of artificial intelligence that have shown great promise in microelectronic manufacturing diagnosis: expert systems and neural networks.