cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Volcanoes, Fluids, and Life at Mid-Ocean Ridge Spreading Centers

▪ Abstract The recent recognition of a potentially vast, unexplored hot microbial biosphere associated with active volcanism along the global mid-ocean ridge network has fundamentally shifted concepts of how planets and life coevolve. Many processes intrinsic to the dynamics of the spreading center volcanic system provide partial or complete nutritional fluxes that support diverse microbial communities that thrive under extreme conditions on and beneath the seafloor. Mantle melting, volcanism, and fluid-rock reactions transport volatiles from the asthenosphere to the hydrosphere. Volcanic heat and exothermic reactions drive circulation of nutrient-rich fluids from which chemosynthetic organisms gain metabolic energy. In turn, many of these organisms symbiotically support macrofaunal communities that populate the vents. Long-term seafloor observatories will allow exploration of linkages between volcanism and this newly discovered biosphere. Such approaches may provide essential new information about our ow...
Age/Experience and Gender as Factors in Ethical Development of Hospitality Managers and Students

Moral development theorists posit that demographic variables—age, experience and gender—account for differences in ethical responses. In this comparative study of hospitality managers and students, the business ethics and social responsibility responses are examined relative to the influence of age/experience and gender as factors in moral and ethical development.
Issues in Education: Last Stand for Teacher Education

There are not enough Indians in the world to defeat the Seventh Cavalry. —General George Armstrong Custer in 1876, prior to his defeat at Little Big Horn. In the provocative book The Innovative Uni...
Picosecond GaAs monolithic optoelectronic sampling circuit

An optoelectronic sampling circuit has been fabricated for direct measurement of picosecond optical waveforms. The monolithic device incorporates a GaAs Schottky photodetector and a high-speed sampling circuit gated by a nonlinear transmission line strobe pulse generator. Excited by a 850-nm mode-locked dye laser, a 5.6-ps FWHM impulse response is measured; the authors estimate a deconvolved impulse response of approximately 4.5 ps FWHM. >
Mowing rights-of-way affects carbohydrate reserves and tiller development

Intensive mowing has contributed to the loss of some climax grasses in Texas highway rights-of-way. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different mowing heights and frequencies on total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) concentration and tiller density in short and mid-grasses grown along highway rights-of-way. Shortgrasses were represented by blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K) Lag ex Steud.], and mid-grasses were represented by silver bluestem [Bothriochloa saccharoides (Sw.) Rydb], both of which are indigenous species. During 1999 and 2000, grasses were either non-mowed (control) or subjected to mowing heights of 5 and 10 cm, and 5 mowing frequencies (monthly, bi-monthly, tri-monthly, 1-time-only at the beginning or end of the growing season). Plants of both species mowed less frequently at either stubble height had higher TNC concentrations than plants subjected to more frequent mowing. Mowing produced fewer (P < 0.05) tillers after 2 consecutive mowing seasons than after 1 mowing season in silver bluestem. Silver bluestem tiller growth was more susceptible to frequent mowing than blue grama. Mowing during periods of rapid inflorescence development reduced tiller density in both species after 2 mowing seasons. Mowing height and frequency guidelines are proposed to maintain roadside grasses in their most productive state through planning mowing practices around the target plant's natural growth habit and it's ability to respond to defoliation.
Regulation of Ca2+ handling by phosphorylation status in mouse fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibers

The effects of phosphorylation status on Ca2+release and Ca2+ removal were studied in fast-twitch flexor digitorum brevis and slow-twitch soleus skeletal muscle fibers enzymatically isolated from w...
Better late than never: a welcome publication of tardy clinical trial results.

This issue of JACC: Heart Failure includes a report of results from the REVIVE (Randomized EValuation of Intravenous leVosimendan Efficacy) trials of the calcium sensitizer levosimendan in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) [(1)][1], more than 7 years after these trials were
Electroporation of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides: A novel technique for ex vivo bone marrow purging

Recent data suggest that tumor cells contaminating reinfused bone marrow may contribute to relapse in patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation. Purging strategies that are able to remove these contaminating tumor cells need to be developed. This study describes how electroporation (EP) can be used to improve intracellular delivery of synthetic antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), thereby enhancing their ability to suppress a target protein. Antisense ODNs that were introduced into cells by EP led to immediate suppression of targeted c-myc protein; this was associated with rapid cell death in the diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, U937; Burkitt's lymphoma, ST486; breast carcinoma, MCF-7; and Ewing's sarcoma, CHP-100, cell lines. Electroporation was found to have little or no detrimental effect on cells responsible for murine hematopoietic long-term reconstitution as determined from in vivo competitive repopulation studies. Using human c-myc-directed antisense ODNs as a model for the application of this approach to bone marrow purging, selective killing of human lymphoma U937 cells relative to normal human bone marrow cells was shown in cell mixing studies. In vivo studies were performed in which a survival advantage was shown for athymic mice that were inoculated with antisense-treated U937 cells as opposed to control cells. These studies suggest that EP of bone marrow may be of use in enhancing intracellular delivery of a variety of molecular/pharmaceutical agents. Taken together, these data suggest that the use of electroporation to enhance delivery of antisense ODNs is a promising new approach towards ex vivo bone marrow purging.
Sex differences and risk behaviors among indoor tanners

Objective The objectives were to examine (1) sex differences in factors associated with indoor tanning, and (2) the relationship between cancer risk perception and skin cancer screening among indoor tanners.
On the Dimension of Algebraic-Geometric Trace Codes

We study trace codes induced from codes defined by an algebraic curve X. We determine conditions on X which admit a formula for the dimension of such a trace code. Central to our work are several dimension reducing methods for the underlying functions spaces associated to X.
All that glitters (in the lab) may not be gold (in the field)

AI-ED community has hewed to rigorous evaluation of software tutors and their features. Most of these evaluations were done in-ovo or in-vivo. Can the results of these evaluations be replicated in in-natura evaluations? In our experience, the evidence for such replication has been mixed. We propose that the features of tutors that are found to be effective in-ovo/in-vivo might need motivational supports to also be effective in-natura. We speculate that some features may not transfer to in-natura use even with supports. Recognition of these issues might bridge the gap between AI-ED community and educational community at large.
Lettuce to Reduce Greenhouse Gases: A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Conventional and Community Agriculture

One of the most frequently touted benefits of community gardens and the local food movement is the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through local low input production. Commercially grown foods, grown as monocultures on large acreage typically require large inputs of fertilizers, water and pesticides along with long transport distances and refrigerated storage to reach consumers. What impact can we have when labor, water, and nutrients are supplied locally? To evaluate this, we used life cycle assessment to compare the greenhouse gas emissions of supplying lettuce to customers in Seattle with either conventionally grown lettuce from central California or with lettuce grown in a community garden (Figs. 1 and 2).
Efficient inference for parameters of unobservable periodic autoregressive time series

ABSTRACTThis paper considers estimating the model coefficients when the observed periodic autoregressive time series is contaminated by a trend. The proposed Yule–Walker estimators are obtained by a two-step procedure. In the first step, the trend is estimated by a weighted local polynomial, and the residuals are obtained by subtracting the trend estimates from the observations; in the second step, the model coefficients are estimated by the well-known Yule–Walker method via the residuals. It is shown that under certain conditions such Yule–Walker estimators are oracally efficient, i.e., they are asymptotically equivalent to those obtained from periodic autoregressive time series without a trend. An easy-to-use implementation procedure is provided. The performance of the estimators is illustrated by simulation studies and real data analysis. In particular, the simulation studies show that the proposed estimator outperforms that obtained from the residuals when the trend is estimated by kernel smoothing wi...
Critical Functions for Notch Dimerization In T Cell Transformation.

Abstract 3647 Notch1 encodes an essential transmembrane receptor that is frequently mutated in T-ALL. Notch signaling regulates cell fate decisions, proliferation, survival and metabolism by activating transcription; yet the mechanism by which Notch selectively activates different transcriptional targets is poorly understood. After ligand-induced proteolysis, the intracellular part of Notch (ICN) generates signals by entering the nucleus and forming a transcriptional activation complex with the transcription factor CSL and the co-activator Mastermind (MAML). This complex can bind DNA as a monomer [1-3], however it can also dimerize on sites in which a pair of head-to-head CSL binding sites is properly spaced (so-called paired sites) [4, 5]. Whether Notch dimerization is physiologically important is unknown. Using T cell development and transformation as models, we now report that dimeric Notch transcriptional complexes are required for leukemic transformation but dispensable for T cell fate specification from a multipotential precursor. The varying requirements for Notch dimerization within the T cell lineage result from the differential sensitivity of specific Notch target genes. One particularly important dimerization-dependent target of Notch, required for both T cell maturation and leukemogenesis, is the proto-oncogene c-Myc , whereas other well-characterized target genes, such as Hey1 , show no dimerization-dependence. These findings identify functionally important differences in the responsiveness among Notch target genes attributable to the formation of higher-order complexes. Our data suggest that it may be possible to develop a new class of Notch inhibitors, which selectively block outcomes that are dependent on Notch dimerization (e.g., leukemogenesis). References: 1. Nam, Y., et al., J Biol Chem, 2003. 278 : 21232. 2. Nam, Y., et al., Cell, 2006. 124 : 973. 3. Wilson, J.J. and R.A. Kovall, Cell, 2006. 124 : 985. 4. Bailey, A.M. and J.W. Posakony, Genes Dev, 1995. 9 : 2609. 5. Nam, Y., et al., Proc Natl Acad of Sci USA, 2007. 104 : 2103. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Liver Track Embolization After Islet Cell Transplant: Comparison of Two Techniques

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of microfibrillar collagen paste with those of gelatin sponge for liver track embolization after islet cell transplants. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In a single-institution, retrospective study, 37 patients underwent 66 islet cell transplants from January 2005 through October 2015. Transplants were performed with 6-French transhepatic access, systemic anticoagulation, pretransplant and posttransplant portal venous pressure measurement, and image-guided liver track embolization with gelatin sponge (2005–2011) or microfibrillar collagen paste (2012–2015). The findings on 20 patients (two men, 18 women; mean age, 48 years) who underwent 35 gelatin sponge embolizations were compared with the findings on 13 patients (six men, seven women; mean age, 48 years) who underwent 22 microfibrillar collagen paste embolizations (four patients, nine procedures without embolization excluded). Medical record review was used to compare laboratory test re...
Multiview Hilbert transformation in full-ring transducer array-based photoacoustic computed tomography.

Based on the photoacoustic (PA) effect, PA tomography directly measures specific optical absorption, i.e., absorbed optical energy per unit volume. We recently developed a full-ring ultrasonic transducer array-based photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) system for small-animal whole-body imaging. The system has a full-view detection angle and high in-plane resolution (∼100 μm). However, due to the bandpass frequency response of the piezoelectric transducer elements and the limited elevational detection coverage of the full-ring transducer array, the reconstructed images present bipolar (i.e., both positive and negative) pixel values, which cause ambiguities in image interpretation for physicians and biologists. We propose a multiview Hilbert transformation method to recover the unipolar initial pressure for full-ring PACT. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was first validated by numerical simulations and then demonstrated with ex vivo mouse brain structural imaging and in vivo mouse whole-body imaging.
Request aggregation, caching, and forwarding strategies for improving large climate data distribution with NDN: a case study

Scientific domains such as Climate Science, High Energy Particle Physics (HEP) and others, routinely generate and manage petabytes of data, projected to rise into exabytes [26]. The sheer volume and long life of the data stress IP networking and traditional content distribution networks mechanisms. Thus, each scientific domain typically designs, develops, implements, deploys and maintains its own data management and distribution system, often duplicating functionality. Supporting various incarnations of similar software is wasteful, prone to bugs, and results in an ecosystem of one-off solutions. In this paper, we present the first trace-driven study that investigates NDN in the context of a scientific application domain. Our contribution is threefold. First, we analyze a three-year climate data server log and characterize data access patterns to expose important variables such as cache size. Second, using an approximated topology derived from the log, we replay log requests in real-time over an NDN simulator to evaluate how NDN improves traffic flows through aggregation and caching. Finally, we implement a simple, nearest-replica NDN forwarding strategy and evaluate how NDN can improve scientific content delivery.
Redundancy elimination might be overrated: A quantitative study on wireless traffic

With significant increases in mobile device traffic slated for the foreseeable future, numerous technologies must be embraced to satisfy such demand. Notably, one of the more intriguing approaches has been blending on-device caching and device-to-device (D2D) communications. While various past research has pointed to potentially significant gains (30%+) via redundancy elimination (RE), some skepticism has emerged to whether or not such gains are truly harnessable in practice. The premise of this paper is to explore whether or not significant potential for RE exists and whether the rise of encryption might blunt said efforts. Critically, we find that absent significant synchronized interests of mobile users, the actual redundancy falls well short of the values from the literature. In our paper, we investigate the roots for said shortcomings by exploring RE savings with regards to cache characteristics and to what extent client and domain diversity contributes to the savings.
DIR — A semantic information resource for healthcare datasets

It is important for data scientists to have a good understanding of the availability of relevant datasets as well as the content, structure, and existing analyses of these datasets. While a number of efforts are underway to integrate the large amount and variety of datasets, there is a lack of information resources that focus on specific learning needs of some targeted audiences. To address this gap, we have been developing a semantic Dataset Information Resource (DIR) framework to specifically address the challenges of entry-level data scientists in learning to identify, understand, and analyze major datasets with an initial focus on healthcare. The DIR does not contain actual data from the datasets but aims to provide comprehensive knowledge about the datasets and their analyses. The framework leverages Semantic Web technologies and the W3C Dataset Description Standard for knowledge integration and representation and includes natural language processing (NLP)-based methods to enable knowledge extraction and question answering. The prototype DIR implementation includes four major components—dataset metadata and related knowledge, search modules, question answering for frequently-asked questions, and blogs. And the DIR currently includes information on three commonly-used large and complex healthcare datasets: HCUP, MarketScan, and MIMIC. Initial usage evaluation based on health informatics students is encouraging. Further development is underway.
Environmental Activism of Teacher-Scholars in the Neoliberal University

This article takes a case study approach to examine social justice-oriented environmental activism of faculty in the context of neoliberalism. As an evolving trend, university corporatization place...
Social Learning Theory and Family Psychopathology

The foundation of social learning lies in diverse fields: social psychology (Ho-mans, 1961; Thibaut and Kelley, 1959); psychiatry (Sullivan, 1965); and experimental psychology (Skinner, 1957). The superstructure of a cogent theory, however, can be attributed to Bandura (e.g., Bandura, 1969, 1977; Bandura & Walters, 1963). His theoretical work, derived from modeling and aggression studies, was primarily concerned with normal behavior. The challenge of developing social learning as a framework for understanding psychopathology was left to researchers such as Patterson (1969; Patterson & Reid, 1973), Weiss (Weiss, Hops, & Patterson, 1973), and Wahler (1980; Wahler, House, & Stambaugh, 1976), among others. These psychologists built on a methodological groundwork laid by operant behaviorists, including Azrin, Stuart, Goldiamond, Krasner, Ullman, and others who had been applying learning principles to “problems in living.” The result was a stimulation of interest in applied research with troubled families in the 1960s and 1970s that was to have a profound impact on the treatment of both childhood disorders and marital dysfunction.
2436. Use of Piperacillin/Tazobactam vs. Cefepime or Carbapenem for Infections Due to Serratia, Citrobacter, or Enterobacter

Background AmpC β-lactamases are an inducible type of resistance not readily detected by rapid diagnostics. Carbapenems and cefepime are considered the standard of care antibiotics for organisms likely to harbor the AmpC gene. However, data on the efficacy of piperacillin–tazobactam are lacking. The objective of this study was to compare clinical outcomes between piperacillin–tazobactam (PTZ) vs. cefepime (FEP) or a carbapenem (CAR) for pneumonia or bacteremia caused by Serratia, Citrobacter, or Enterobacter species.
Ultrasonic Evaluation of Interphasial Properties in Adhesive Joints

The mechanical properties of adhesive joints depend on: 1) the bulk (cohesive) properties of the adhesive such as type of adhesive, degree of cure, porosity, et cetera and 2) the interphasial properties of the bond between the adhesive and the adherends. While several techniques have been developed for nondestructive evaluation of cohesive properties of the adhesive, the assessment of interphase properties is more complicated. It has been previously proposed [1] that an ultrasonic wave that produces shear stresses on the interphase is sensitive to its properties. This may be achieved by utilization of interface waves [1,2] or guided waves in the bonded plates [3,4,5]. Another possibility is the use of obliquely incident ultrasonic waves for interphase evaluation, analyzing signals in time or frequency domains [6,7,8].
Plant Diseases Detection and Classification using Machine Learning Models

In the agricultural sector, identification of plant diseases is extremely crucial as they hamper robustness and health of the plant which play a vital role in agricultural productivity. These problems are common in plants, if proper prevention methods are not taken it might seriously affect the cultivation. The current method of detecting disease is done by an expert's opinion and physical analysis, which is time-consuming and costly in the real world. Hence, computer-based detection has become a necessity. This paper comprises of an overview of image segmentation using K-means clustering and HSV dependent classification for recognizing infected part of the leaf and feature extraction using GLCM. The efficiency of the proposed methodology is able to detect and classify the plant diseases successfully with an accuracy of 98% when processed by Random Forest classifier.
An Efficient High Voltage Gain Using Two-Stage Cascaded Interleaved Boost Converter for Solar PV System with MPPT Technique

This paper presents a design and simulation of a two-stage cascaded Interleaved Boost Converter (CIBC) for solar applications controlled by using maximum power point tracking method. The proposed two-stage CIBCs consist of two Interleaved Boost Converters IBC connected in series is to extract the maximum power from PV system and to provide a high voltage output with less ripple voltage. The modeling of PV and power converters are studied by simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Results show that the proposed system design has high energy conversion efficiency.
Chapter 19 – Paint weathering tests

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on a variety of exposure methods and test protocols that have been developed to anticipate the long-term weathering behavior of coatings. Objects are painted to protect them from the environment or to lengthen their lifetime. Coatings have long been recognized as protective prescriptions for items as diverse as airplanes, automobiles, bridges, houses, and machinery. The chapter reveals that coatings begin to degrade when placed outside. Their degradation is because of the effect of various environmental pressures placed upon the coating. The weathering process is dominated by the effects of electromagnetic radiation, heat, water, and atmospheric pollutants. Each of these factors is briefly described. The chapter discusses a standard method of testing the long-term weatherability of coatings known as “outdoor exposure.” It also discusses artificially accelerated weathering tests, whose goal is to reproduce the important environmental conditions that exist in a given location outdoors in a well controlled device, while at the same time accelerating the degradation process. It deals with test cycles and post-exposure testing.
Effects of systemic endocannabinoid manipulation on social and exploratory behavior in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster).

Anandamide is an endocannabinoid that contributes to certain aspects of social behavior, like play and reward, by binding to cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1). Most interesting is the recent discovery that anandamide may be mobilized by oxytocin receptor activation under certain contexts, particularly in the nucleus accumbens. Given the established role of oxytocin and the nucleus accumbens in the neurobiology of pair-bonding, we investigated whether systemic administration of brain-permeable modulators of the endocannabinoid system could alter preferential partner contact in both male and female prairie voles. Specifically, we tested whether intraperitoneal administration of the neutral CB1 antagonist AM4113 (4.0–16.0 mg/kg) or the anandamide hydrolysis inhibitor URB597 (5.0–20.0 mg/kg) could prevent or facilitate partner preference formation, respectively. To further investigate the specificity of effects on partner preference, we repeated our URB597 dosing regimen on an additional group of females and tested their anxiety-related behavior in both an elevated-plus maze and a light/dark test. AM4113 administration had no effect on partner preference. But while URB597 also had no effect on partner preference, low-dose females did increase absolute preferential contact with either the partner or the stranger; individual females spent significant contact time with either the partner or the stranger. None of our outcome measures in either anxiety test showed significant effects of treatment. Our results reveal that experimentally increasing anandamide levels in female prairie voles can increase social contact with both a familiar and novel male via unknown mechanisms that are likely separate from anxiety reduction.
A Review of Conceptions of Secondary Mathematics in Integrated STEM Education: Returning Voice to the Silent M

This chapter examines how research focused on integrated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education conceptualizes mathematics. It responds to the concern that integrated STEM education research often treats mathematics as a tool for scientific investigation rather than viewing integrated STEM education as a site for conceptual mathematical learning. A review of literature in secondary-level STEM teaching and learning published from 2013 to 2018 in 19 international science, technology, engineering, and/or mathematics-focused journals identified 32 articles that focused on mathematically rich approaches. Analysis tracked the mathematical topics, proficiencies, and practices present in each article. Cross-cutting themes in mathematically rich integrated STEM studies include communication, task authenticity, the centrality of inquiry, and the importance of informal learning spaces. The chapter closes with priorities for further international research on mathematically-accountable STEM integration.
Spatial analysis of gut microbiome reveals a distinct ecological niche associated with the mucus layer

Mucus-associated bacterial communities are critical for determining disease pathology and promoting colonization resistance. Yet the key ecological properties of mucus resident communities remain p...
The Picky Eater's Recovery Book: Overcoming Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

Are you a picky eater? Do you worry that food will make you vomit or choke? Do you find eating to be a chore? If yes, this book is for you! Your struggles could be caused by Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID); a disorder characterized by eating a limited variety or volume of food. You may have been told that you eat like a child, but ARFID affects people right across the lifespan, and this book is the first specifically written to support adults. Join Drs. Jennifer Thomas, Kendra Becker, and Kamryn Eddy - three ARFID experts at Harvard Medical School - to learn how to beat your ARFID at home and unlock a healthier relationship with food. Real-life examples show that you are not alone, while practical tips, quizzes, worksheets, and structured activities, take you step-by-step through the latest evidence-based treatment techniques to support your recovery.
LET's CONNECT Community Mentorship Program for Adolescents with Peer Social Problems: A Randomized Intervention Trial.

This study examined the effectiveness of LET's CONNECT (LC), a community mentorship program based on the positive youth development model. Participants were 218 youth (66.5% girls), ages 12 to 15, who reported peer victimization, bullying perpetration, and/or low social connectedness. These youth were randomized to LC or the control group (community resource information). The LC program linked youth to community mentors who connected with youth and facilitated their involvement in social growth activities across a 16-month period. Outcomes were assessed at 6 and 16 months with self-report measures of social and community connectedness, thwarted belongingness, depression, self-esteem, and suicidal ideation and behavior. In intent-to-treat analyses, LC was associated with modest positive effects for social connectedness, self-esteem, and depression. It had no effects on suicidal ideation or behavior. Results suggest that LC has the potential to positively impact the developmental trajectories of youth dealing with the interpersonal challenges of victimization, bullying perpetration, or low social connectedness. LC implementation challenges and directions for further research are also discussed.
Measuring care coordination by social workers in a foster care medical home.

A social worker coordinated medical care for children in foster care in a foster care medical home (FCMH) and tracked care coordination (CC) activities using a modified Care Coordination Measuremen...
Exosome-mediated delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 for targeting of oncogenic KrasG12D in pancreatic cancer.

CRISPR/Cas9 is a promising technology for gene editing. To date, intracellular delivery vehicles for CRISPR/Cas9 are limited by issues of immunogenicity, restricted packaging capacity, and low tolerance. Here, we report an alternative, nonviral delivery system for CRISPR/Cas9 based on engineered exosomes. We show that non-autologous exosomes can encapsulate CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid DNA via commonly available transfection reagents and can be delivered to recipient cancer cells to induce targeted gene deletion. As a proof-of-principle, we demonstrate that exosomes loaded with CRISPR/Cas9 can target the mutant KrasG12D oncogenic allele in pancreatic cancer cells to suppress proliferation and inhibit tumor growth in syngeneic subcutaneous and orthotopic models of pancreatic cancer. Exosomes may thus be a promising delivery platform for CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing for targeted therapies.
Using Machine Learning–Based Approaches for the Detection and Classification of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Misinformation: Infodemiology Study of Reddit Discussions

Background: The rapid growth of social media as an information channel has made it possible to quickly spread inaccurate or false vaccine information, thus creating obstacles for vaccine promotion. Objective: The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate an intelligent automated protocol for identifying and classifying human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine misinformation on social media using machine learning (ML)–based methods. Methods: Reddit posts (from 2007 to 2017, N=28,121) that contained keywords related to HPV vaccination were compiled. A random subset (2200/28,121, 7.82%) was manually labeled for misinformation and served as the gold standard corpus for evaluation. A total of 5 ML-based algorithms, including a support vector machine, logistic regression, extremely randomized trees, a convolutional neural network, and a recurrent neural network designed to identify vaccine misinformation, were evaluated for identification performance. Topic modeling was applied to identify the major categories associated with HPV vaccine misinformation. Results: A convolutional neural network model achieved the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.7943. Of the 28,121 Reddit posts, 7207 (25.63%) were classified as vaccine misinformation, with discussions about general safety issues identified as the leading type of misinformed posts (2666/7207, 36.99%). Conclusions: ML-based approaches are effective in the identification and classification of HPV vaccine misinformation on Reddit and may be generalizable to other social media platforms. ML-based methods may provide the capacity and utility to meet the challenge involved in intelligent automated monitoring and classification of public health misinformation on social media platforms. The timely identification of vaccine misinformation on the internet is the first step in misinformation correction and vaccine promotion. Trial Registration:
Ray: A Man Fearful of Panic Attacks

Ray is a 27-year-old single white man. He sought mental health services due to panic attacks and increasing concern that they would reoccur. This is despite the fact that he has had only four attacks in all, each occurring in the past six months. “The attacks are horrible, but now I am even more worried that they will come back.” He has only had panic attacks in his apartment. He notes no precipitant or sensations that might warn of an oncoming attack. “It’s such a mystery—they just come on me—this just makes it harder.” During the attacks he sweats and trembles; he says he feels “like there’s electricity running through me.” He feels faint, but only once felt that he was choking. “Only one time did I fear I was going to die… I couldn’t really catch my breath. It was the worst. That’s why I’m here today.” He denies any numbness during or after the attacks, any chest pains, or any fears he is going crazy. “It just takes me over.”
Financial simulation model for the computer business

This paper describes a model used for financial simulation of computer systems, their component cabinets, and the Univac Data Processing Division of Sperry Rand Corporation. The analyses derived from the model are part of the company's short-range (2-year period) and long-range (6-year period) planning procedures. This model, which runs on UNIVAC® 1108 computer, provides the means through which both short- and long-range effects of certain types of decisions can be traced in greater detail and speed than by previous procedures. The model has been utilized for long-range revenue forecasting, for measuring effects of alternative marketing programs, and for estimating manpower requirements.
Hispanic parents’ experiences of the process of caring for a child undergoing routine surgery: A focus on pain and pain management

Purpose The purpose was to understand the processes Hispanic parents undergo in managing postoperative care of children after routine surgical procedures. Design and Methods Sixty parents of children undergoing outpatient surgery were interviewed. Data were analyzed using grounded theory methodology. Results Parents experienced five subprocesses that comprised the overall process of caring for a child after routine surgery: (a) becoming informed; (b) preparing; (c) seeking reassurance; (d) communicating with one's child; and (e) making pain management decisions. Practice Implications Addressing cultural factors related to pain management in underserved families may instill greater confidence in managing pain.
Paleogene deepwater mass composition of the tropical Pacific and implications for thermohaline circulation in a greenhouse world

[1] The Pacific Ocean likely exerted the greatest marine influence on climate during the greenhouse interval of the Paleogene. The first step toward assessing the role of Pacific deepwater circulation in global heat transport is a comprehensive reconstruction of deepwater mass composition and circulation patterns. We present new deepwater mass Nd isotope data from ODP Leg 199 Sites 1215, 1217, 1219, and 1221 to augment the existing coverage provided by ferromanganese crust and fossil fish debris data. The new data corroborate the notion that the Pacific Ocean operated in a bimodal pattern with deepwater sources in both the Southern Ocean and North Pacific for much of the early to middle Paleogene. In addition, the data indicate that there was little to no influence of Atlantic waters on the deepwater composition of the tropical Pacific. The available deepwater Nd isotope data provide refined constraints on the geographic and depth range of influence of both a Southern Ocean and North Pacific deepwater mass. From ∼65 to ∼45 Ma, the deep tropical Pacific was the mixing location of deep waters sourced from the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific. The Southern Ocean deepwater mass extended from ∼1800 m to abyssal depths. Until 53.6 Ma it circulated northward in the western Pacific at least as far as the paleolocation of Fe-Mn Crust CLD01 (∼5°N paleolatitude) and in the eastern portion of the Pacific as far as Site 1215 (∼10°N paleolatitude). A North Pacific deepwater mass extended from at least ∼2400 m to 2900 m water depth from ∼65 to 54 Ma, south to Shatsky Rise (paleolatitude ∼10–15°N), and possibly as far as Site 1215, 700 km to the south of Shatsky Rise Sites 1209 and 1211.
Distinct, genome-wide, gene-specific selectivity patterns of four glucocorticoid receptor coregulators

Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones that bind to and activate the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which then positively or negatively regulates transcription of many genes that govern multiple important physiological pathways such as inflammation and metabolism of glucose, fat and bone. The remodeling of chromatin and regulated assembly or disassembly of active transcription complexes by GR and other DNA-binding transcription factors is mediated and modulated by several hundred transcriptional coregulator proteins. Previous studies focusing on single coregulators demonstrated that each coregulator is required for regulation of only a subset of all the genes regulated by a steroid hormone. We hypothesized that the gene-specific patterns of coregulators may correspond to specific physiological pathways such that different coregulators modulate the pathway-specificity of hormone action, thereby providing a mechanism for fine tuning of the hormone response. We tested this by direct comparison of multiple coregulators, using siRNA to deplete the products of four steroid hormone receptor coregulator genes (CCAR1, CCAR2, CALCOCO1 and ZNF282). Global analysis of glucocorticoid-regulated gene expression after siRNA mediated depletion of coregulators confirmed that each coregulator acted in a selective and gene-specific manner and demonstrated both positive and negative effects on glucocorticoid-regulated expression of different genes. We identified several classes of hormone-regulated genes based on the effects of coregulator depletion. Each coregulator supported hormonal regulation of some genes and opposed hormonal regulation of other genes (coregulator-modulated genes), blocked hormonal regulation of a second class of genes (coregulator-blocked genes), and had no effect on hormonal regulation of a third gene class (coregulator-independent genes). In spite of previously demonstrated physical and functional interactions among these four coregulators, the majority of the several hundred modulated and blocked genes for each of the four coregulators tested were unique to that coregulator. Finally, pathway analysis on coregulator-modulated genes supported the hypothesis that individual coregulators may regulate only a subset of the many physiological pathways controlled by glucocorticoids. We conclude that gene-specific actions of coregulators correspond to specific physiological pathways, suggesting that coregulators provide a potential mechanism for physiological fine tuning in vivo and may thus represent attractive targets for therapeutic intervention.
The effects ofL-DOPA on dorsal horn cell responses to innocuous skin stimulation

Abstract The effects of l -DOPA on responses of dorsal horn cells to innocuous mechanical skin stimulation were studied. Following intravenous administration of l -DOPA (10–40 mg/kg) to cats with intact spinal cords, dorsal horn cells, which could be activated by only innocuous or innocuous and noxious stimuli, demonstrated increased responses manifested by an increase in the average number of spikes per stimulus, increased receptive field size and occasional changes in adequate stimuli. When cats with acute cord transections were studied, l -DOPA increased the responses of cells located in lamina 4 and those cells which responded only to innocuous stimuli; cells which responded to noxious stimuli and those located in other laminae had depressed responses following l -DOPA administration. The inhibitory effects of l -DOPA were in part abolished, in spinal cats, by pretreatment with parachlorophenylalanine, a serotonin depletor. Studies of dorsal cells in chronic spinal cats indicated that the effects of l -DOPA were largely dependent on functioning terminals of descending suprasegmental pathways. The conclusion was reached that descending noradrenergic pathways, indirectly, cause an increase in transmission from cutaneous afferents to dorsal horn cells and that some of the inhibitory effects of l -DOPA described by others are m manifestation of l -DOPA interactions with inhibitory serotonergic systems
STATE TRADING AND THE QUESTION OF DISCRIMINATION: THE YUGOSLAV CASE

This paper determines the terms of trade between Yugoslavia and members of COMECON between 1966–1968 and Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union between 1957–1969. The results, based on prices prevailing in Yugoslavia's trade with Western Europe, show that Yugoslavia consistently paid lower prices and received higher prices in Bloc trade. The measured price deviations are then used to test two hypotheses, both related to the effect of dependence on measures of discrimination. The results indicated that as Yugoslavia became more integrated into Western markets (less dependent on COMECON trade), her discriminatory power increased.
A reciprocal backcross monosomic analysis of the scab resistant spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar, ‘Frontana’

Fusarium head blight (FHB) reduces grain yield of spring wheat and results in deoxynivalenol (DON) production. The resistant spring wheat ‘Frontana’ could be used to diversify and pyramid resistance. A backcross reciprocal monosomic analysis was conducted to identify ‘Frontana’ chromosomes with resistance. Disomic lines, one set containing critical chromosomes from ‘Frontana’ and the other containing chromosomes from susceptible ‘Chris’, were spray-inoculated and evaluated in separate greenhouse studies (GH-1 and GH-2). Measurements were disease severity at 7 and 14 days, visually diseased kernels, kernels/g and DON content. In GH-2, reciprocal chromosome lines 5B for visually diseased kernels, lines 7B for kernels/g, and lines 4B and 6A for DON content were significantly different. Lines with ‘Frontana’ chromosomes 3A, 6A and 4D reduced visually diseased kernels, kernels/g and DON content in both studies, while ‘Frontana’ chromosomes 2A, 2B, 4B and 7B increased susceptibility, as indicated by an increase in these same measurements in both studies. Genes carried on ‘Frontana’ chromosomes 3A, 6A and 4D could be useful for diversifying and pyramiding sources of FHB resistance.
Unionization and the Pattern of Nonunion Wages: Evidence for the UK

This paper presents the first examination of the effect of unionisation on the distribution of nonunion wages in the UK. We test a hypothesis that has received considerable attention in the US: that the threat of unionisation leads nonunion firms to increase the earnings of their lowest paid workers, so compressing their internal wage distribution. In aggregate we find little support for this hypothesis in the UK and suggest that the supportive evidence from the US may be a function of the absence of suitable linked employer‐employee data.
Parental Self-Efficacy and Joining a Savings Program for Children’s Education:

Objectives: Using baseline survey data, the study examined self-efficacy of 381 lower-income parents who had opportunities to build financial assets for their children by opening college savings accounts in a human service agency. Methods: Of the study sample, 62% of the parents decided to open accounts while 38% did not. Structural equation modeling for multiple group models was performed. Results: There were few demographic differences between the groups. The measurement model was invariant across parents who decided or did not decide to open accounts, fitting the data for both account openers and nonopeners, χ2(450, n = 381) = 804.60, p < .001, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .070(.063—.073), Non-Normed Fit Index [NNFI] = 0.93, Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.93). Conclusions: Results lend some support to institutional perspective on saving. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Rebuilding lives and identities: The role of place in recovery among persons with complex needs

Abstract Photo-elicitation interviews (PEIs) were conducted to explore the role of place in recovery – specifically, narrative identity reconstruction – among persons with complex needs. PEIs with 17 formerly homeless adults with co-occurring disorders in New York City produced 243 photos. Content analysis of photos revealed three categories – apartment, neighborhood and people. Two narrative themes – having my own and civic identity – were mapped onto the apartment and neighborhood categories, respectively. Three additional cross-categorical narrative themes were identified: (re)negotiating relationships and boundaries, moving beyond old identities and future possibilities. Housing was central across themes. Understanding of recovery is enhanced when viewed through participant-controlled visual methods.
Plasma Potassium Concentration and Content Changes After Banana Ingestion in Exercised Men

Context: Individuals prone to exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMCs) are instructed to eat bananas because of their high potassium (K+) concentration and carbohydrate content and the perception that K+ imbalances and fatigue contribute to the genesis of EAMCs. No data exist about the effect of bananas on plasma K+ concentration ([K+]p) or plasma glucose concentration ([glucose]p) after exercise in the heat. Objective: To determine whether ingesting 0, 1, or 2 servings of bananas after 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise in the heat alters [K+]p or [glucose]p and whether changes in [K+]p result from hypotonic fluid effluxes or K+ ion changes. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Nine euhydrated men (age = 27 ± 4 years, height = 180.3 ± 8.4 cm, mass = 84.9 ± 26.1 kg, urine specific gravity ≤ 1.006) without EAMCs volunteered. Intervention(s): On 3 separate days, participants completed 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous cycling (temperature = 36.4°C ± 1.1°C,...
Use of Iron Cookware

A survey on the use of iron cooking utensils was conducted of 366 persons at an area fair and a national convention. Seventy-nine percent of the subjects owned iron utensils and 72 percent of the subjects used them. A skillet was the most frequently owned iron utensil. Foods most often cooked in iron utensils were meat and eggs. More subjects indicated no change than indicated less or more use of iron cookware during the past five to 10 years. One-half of the subjects owned a microwave oven; most of the microwave owners had not changed their use of iron cookware since acquiring a microwave oven. Most variables con cerning the use of iron cookware did not differ significantly (p < 0.05) between the fair and convention samples. In conclusion, most people own and use iron cookware, and use of iron cookware has changed little in recent years.