cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dependence of the critical cooling rate for lithium-silicate glass on nucleating agents

The critical cooling rate, Rc, for glass formation of a glass containing 40 mol pct Li2O and 60 mol pct SiO2, doped with small amounts of Pt, Au, P2O5, and TiO2 nucleating agents, has been measured. Rc increases with increasing Pt and Au additions, but Pt has a larger effect than Au. Additions of P2O5 tend to decrease Rc, whereas TiO2 has practically no effect on Rc. The devitrified glass nucleated with Pt contains only crystalline Li2O-SiO2, but all the other devitrified glasses, including the undoped glass, contain both Li2O-SiO2 and Li2O-2SiO2. Analysis shows that Rc increases as the concentration of the Li2O-SiO2 phase in the devitrified glass increases.
Phosphorus cycling and partitioning in an oligotrophic Everglades wetland ecosystem: a radioisotope tracing study

SUMMARY 1. Our goal was to quantify short-term phosphorus (P) partitioning and identify the ecosystem components important to P cycling in wetland ecosystems. To do this, we added P radiotracer to oligotrophic, P-limited Everglades marshes. 32 PO4 was added to the water column in six 1-m 2 enclosed mesocosms located in long-hydroperiod marshes of Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park. Ecosystem components were then repeatedly sampled over 18 days. 2. Water column particulates (>0.45 lm) incorporated radiotracer within the first minute after dosing and stored 95–99% of total water column 32 P activity throughout the study. Soluble (<0.45 lm) 32 P in the water column, in contrast, was always <5% of the 32 Pi n surface water. Periphyton, both floating and attached to emergent macrophytes, had the highest specific activity of 32 P (Bq g ) 13 1 P) among the different ecosystem components. Fish and aquatic macroinvertebrates also had high affinity for P, whereas emergent macrophytes, soil and flocculent detrital organic matter (floc) had the lowest specific activities of radiotracer. 3. Within the calcareous, floating periphyton mats, 81% of the initial 32 P uptake was associated with Ca, but most of this 32 P entered and remained within the organic pool (Ca-associated ¼ 14% of total) after 1 day. In the floc layer, 32 P rapidly entered the microbial pool and the labile fraction was negligible for most of the study. 4. Budgeting of the radiotracer indicated that 32 P moved from particulates in the water column to periphyton and floc and then to the floc and soil over the course of the 18 days incubations. Floc (35% of total) and soil (27%) dominated 32 P storage after 18 days, with floating periphyton (12%) and surface water (10%) holding smaller proportions of total ecosystem 32 P. 5. To summarise, oligotrophic Everglades marshes exhibited rapid uptake and retention of labile 32 P. Components dominated by microbes appear to control short-term P cycling in
An effective and simple procedure to isolate abundant quantities of biologically active chemopreventive Lunasin Protease Inhibitor Concentrate (LPIC) from soybean

Abstract Lunasin is a 5-kDa soybean bioactive peptide with demonstrated anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, purification methods have been developed to obtain gram quantities of lunasin. However, these methods are cumbersome, time consuming and cost-prohibitive. To overcome these constrains we have developed a novel method which involves extraction of soybean flour with 30% ethanol followed by preferential precipitation of lunasin and protease inhibitors by calcium. The calcium precipitated protein fraction, which we termed as Lunasin Protease Inhibitor Concentrate (LPIC), contains three abundant proteins with molecular weights of 21, 14 and 5 kDa. This simple procedure yields 3.2 g of LPIC from 100 g of soybean flour and the entire isolation procedure can be completed in less than 2 h. Treatment of THP-1 human monocyte cell lines with LPIC resulted in suppression of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokine expression, demonstrating that the LPIC isolated by our simple procedure is biologically active.
Comparing communication in concurrent processor operating systems

I have developed a simple program which exercises communication in concurrent processor operating systems. It allows comparison of both the programming model used in the operating system and the efficiency of its implementation. I have run this program with both loosely synchronous and multi-tasking operating systems on the Caltech/JPL Mark II Hypercube and the BBN Butterfly.
Preparation of co-intercalated LixKyTiS2

Abstract Co-intercalated Li x K y TiS 2 with x between 0 and 2.0, and y between 0 and 0.24, has been synthesized using n -butyllithium ( n -BuLi) and lithium naphthalide (Li-naph) reagents. The lithium content, x , depends upon the lithium activity of the reagent and the Ti/S ratio (stoichiometry) of the initial TiS 2 . With the Li-naph reagent, x values as high as 2.0 have been obtained. However, when x exceeds 1.6, titanium metal is observed in the sample. When the n -BuLi reagent is used, the maximum x value is 0.78 in Li x K y TiS 2 . At low potassium concentrations ( y x K y TiS 2 . At greater potassium concentrations, incomplete intercalation of potassium is observed and a finite concentration of potassium in the reagent is necessary to equilibrate the intercalated solid with the reagent solution. The lithium activity in co-intercalated Li x K y TiS 2 is higher than that in the mono-intercalated Li x TiS 2 at similar values of x , presumably due to increased repulsive interactions between the intercalants.
Conformational energetics of 1,3‐dichloropropane as predicted by several calculations methods

Two semiempirical methods (MNDO and AM1), a molecular mechanics technique (MM2) and two ab initio approaches (6–31G* full optimization and 3–21G/6–31G*) were used to calculate the ordering of and energy difference between conformers in 1,3-dichloropropane. The semiempirical methods did not order the conformers properly or predict correct energy differences. Both ab initio methods ordered the conformers and predicted energy differences correctly, with the 6–31G* full optimization performing slightly better. The MM2 results were presented for calculations involving a force field with no hydrogens and a full force field of all atoms. The full force field properly ordered the conformers but did not correctly predict the energy differences. The nonhydrogen field ordered the conformers based on the Cl…Cl nonbonded distance. The data show that conformer stability is not a simple matter of maximizing the Cl…Cl nonbonded distance, but is also related to some other stabilizing interaction(s).
A Fully Implantable Pacemaker for the Mouse: From Battery to Wireless Power

Animal models have become a popular platform for the investigation of the molecular and systemic mechanisms of pathological cardiovascular physiology. Chronic pacing studies with implantable pacemakers in large animals have led to useful models of heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Unfortunately, molecular and genetic studies in these large animal models are often prohibitively expensive or not available. Conversely, the mouse is an excellent species for studying molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular disease through genetic engineering. However, the large size of available pacemakers does not lend itself to chronic pacing in mice. Here, we present the design for a novel, fully implantable wireless-powered pacemaker for mice capable of long-term (>30 days) pacing. This design is compared to a traditional battery-powered pacemaker to demonstrate critical advantages achieved through wireless inductive power transfer and control. Battery-powered and wireless-powered pacemakers were fabricated from standard electronic components in our laboratory. Mice (n = 24) were implanted with endocardial, battery-powered devices (n = 14) and epicardial, wireless-powered devices (n = 10). Wireless-powered devices were associated with reduced implant mortality and more reliable device function compared to battery-powered devices. Eight of 14 (57.1%) mice implanted with battery-powered pacemakers died following device implantation compared to 1 of 10 (10%) mice implanted with wireless-powered pacemakers. Moreover, device function was achieved for 30 days with the wireless-powered device compared to 6 days with the battery-powered device. The wireless-powered pacemaker system presented herein will allow electrophysiology studies in numerous genetically engineered mouse models as well as rapid pacing-induced heart failure and atrial arrhythmia in mice.
Use of in vitro topoisomerase II assays for studying quinolone antibacterial agents.

Several quinolones and antitumor compounds were tested as inhibitors of purified calf thymus topoisomerase II in unknotting, catenation, radiolabeled DNA cleavage, and quantitative nonradiolabeled cleavage assays. The antitumor agents VP-16 (demethylepipodophyllotoxin ethylio-beta-D-glucoside) and ellipticine demonstrated drug-enhanced topoisomerase II DNA cleavage (the concentration of drug that induced 50% of the maximal DNA cleavage in the test system [CC50]) at levels of less than or equal to 5 micrograms/ml. Nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, and oxolinic acid did not induce significant topoisomerase II DNA cleavage, whereas ciprofloxacin did induce some cleavage above background levels. CP-67,015, a new 6,8-difluoro-7-pyridyl 4-quinolone which possesses potent antibacterial activity, inhibited bacterial DNA gyrase at 0.125 micrograms/ml in a nonradioactive DNA cleavage assay. Unlike other quinolones characterized to date, CP-67,015 was shown to strongly enhance topoisomerase II-induced radiolabeled DNA cleavage with a CC50 of 33 micrograms/ml and demonstrated cleavage in a nonradiolabeled DNA cleavage assay with a CC50 of 73 micrograms/ml. The topoisomerase II-mediated cleavage of DNA by CP-67,015 is consistent with its reported clastogenic effect on DNA in cell culture and its positive mutagenic response in mouse lymphoma cells. In vitro topoisomerase II catalytic and cleavage assays are useful for gaining preliminary information concerning the possible interaction(s) of some quinolones with eucaryotic topoisomerase II which may relate directly to their safety (mutagenicity, clastogenicity, or both) in human and veterinary medicinal usage. Images
Attenuated Escherichia coli strains expressing the colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) and a detoxified heat-labile enterotoxin (LThK63) enhance clearance of ETEC from the lungs of mice and protect mice from intestinal ETEC colonization and LT-induced fluid accumulation

Although enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections are important causes of infantile and traveler's diarrhea there is no licensed vaccine available for those at-risk. Our goal is to develop a safe, live attenuated ETEC vaccine. We used an attenuated E. coli strain (O157:H7, Δ-intimin, Stx1-neg, Stx2-neg) as a vector (ZCR533) to prepare two vaccine strains, one strain expressing colonization factor antigen I (ZCR533-CFA/I) and one strain expressing CFA/I and a detoxified heat-labile enterotoxin (ZCR533-CFA/I+LThK63) to deliver ETEC antigens to mucosal sites in BALB/c mice. Following intranasal and intragastric immunization with the vaccine strains, serum IgG and IgA antibodies were measured to the CFA/I antigen, however, only serum IgG antibodies were detected to the heat-labile enterotoxin. Intranasal administration of the vaccine strains induced respiratory and intestinal antibody responses to the CFA/I and LT antigens, while intragastric administration induced only intestinal antibody responses with no respiratory antibodies detected to the CFA/I and LT antigens. Mice immunized intranasally with the vaccine strains showed enhanced clearance of wild-type (wt) ETEC bacteria from the lungs. Mice immunized intranasally and intragastrically with the vaccine strains were protected from intestinal colonization following oral challenge with ETEC wt bacteria. Mice immunized intragastrically with the ZCR533-CFA/I+LThK63 vaccine strain had less fluid accumulate in their intestine following challenge with ETEC wt bacteria or with purified LT as compared to the sham mice indicating that the immunized mice were protected from LT-induced intestinal fluid accumulation. Thus, mice intragastrically immunized with the ZCR533-CFA/I+LThK63 vaccine strain were able to effectively neutralize the activity of the LT enterotoxin. However, no difference in intestinal fluid accumulation was detected in the mice immunized intranasally with the vaccine strain as compared to the sham mice as the immunized mice induced insufficient intestinal anti-LT antibody to neutralize the activity of the enterotoxin. These results show that our ETEC vaccine induced serum and mucosal antibody responses to CFA/I and LT after mucosal administration which then acted to protect the immunized mice against lung and intestinal colonization, as well as, intestinal fluid accumulation.
Schwinger-boson calculation for a frustrated antiferromagnet

The application of the Schwinger-boson transformation to quantum Heisenberg magnets is briefly reviewed, beginning with the derivation of a rotationally invariant mean-field theory. The inclusion of Gaussian fluctuations is discussed in some detail for a general (non-Bravais) lattice, extending available results for simple lattices. Numerical results are presented for the ground-state energy of the Shastry-Sutherland model, and possible future refinements of the method are outlined.
Applications of generating functions to polymerization kinetics. 3. General procedure illustrated for propagation with monomer conversion

The derivation of the product distribution function for the catalytic polymerization mechanism involving propagation with monomer conversion is used to illustrate the general procedure for obtaining the exact discrete distribution arising from a polymerization mechanism. The coupled differential equations arising from the polymerization mechanism are integrated using a generating function substitution. Due to the stepwise growth of polymer chains, this approach is generally applicable to problems in polymerization kinetics. The integrated rate law for the mechanism under consideration is similar to the Poisson distribution, except for a time dependent parameter which suppresses chain growth as time passes. This distribution function has a limiting value as time approaches infinity determined by the ratio of initial monomer and catalyst. The number-average and weight-average degrees of polymerization are also derived using an elementary technique involving generating functions. Catalytic polymerizations frequently give rise to chemical kinetics problems which are difficult to solve due to difficulty in integrating the coupled rate equations. The procedures outlined in this paper permit these problems to be overcome in many cases.
Parental consent for bone marrow transplantation in the case of genetic disorders.

purpose.To describe the responses of mothers and fathers who were offered bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for their children with genetic disorders design.Qualitative setting.Private hospital rooms/offices participants.Six mothers and 4 fathers of children with genetic disorders results.The basic social-psychological problem confronting the parents was the conflicting alternatives of life versus death for their children. It was certain that these children would die from their genetic disorders but without having to endure the pain and suffering of a BMT. The BMT would be difficult, possibly resulting in death, but with a chance of survival. conclusions.Parents believed that BMT was the only chance of survival for their children, leaving them no choice except to pursue the BMT treatment
Optical and structural characterization of nanostructured Y2O3:Tb

Nanophosphors correspond to nanostructured, inorganic, insulating solid materials that emit light under particle or electromagnetic excitation. Although extensive investigation of the optical properties of nanostructured semiconductors is underway, nanophosphors remain largely unexplored. Nanophosphor Tb-doped Y 2 O 3 was obtained by the solution combustion technique with Tb concentrations up to 5 at.%. Structural characterization, assessed by transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction, show the existence of nanoparticles with a cubic crystallographic structure and sizes in the 30 to 70 nm range. As a result of the combustion process, the nanoparticles agglomerate into large micron-sized entities. Photoluminescence emission and excitation spectra obtained at room temperature show distinct differences in the optical behavior of the bulk and nanomaterial. Specifically, the excitation spectra of the nanophosphors are systematically blue-shifted relative to bulk spectra. The photoluminescence emission spectra, which originates from 5 D 4 → 7 F J transitions comprising several sharp lines in the visible spectrum, also exhibit contrasting behavior upon Tb incorporation; the 5 D 4 → 7 F 5,6 intensity ratio decreases with increasing Tb content in the bulk but is constant in the nanophosphor. Finally, the maximum in the quenching curve of the nanostructured material occurs at 1.5 at %, which is three times higher than for the bulk material.
Measures of cocaine-seeking behavior using a multiple schedule of food and drug self-administration in rats

Animal models of human drug abuse measuring (i) cocaine-seeking behavior maintained by primary or secondary reinforcers, (ii) the time to extinction of cocaine-seeking behavior, and (iii) following extinction, reinstatement of operant responding resulting in presentation of a cocaine-associated stimulus were developed in rats. Animals were trained to respond on a multiple schedule of food and intravenous cocaine reinforcement during which either food or cocaine paired with auditory or visual stimuli were available during four alternating 30-min schedule components. At the beginning of each experimental session, a 10-min component (stimulus component) was introduced during which the stimuli associated with the primary reinforcers were made available response-contingently. Subsequent non-contingent presentation of food or cocaine at the beginning of the stimulus component produced a significant increase in lever-pressing resulting in presentation of the respective reinforcer-associated stimulus. Removal of cocaine and the associated stimulus during all schedule components led to extinction of drug-seeking behavior within six days. Lever-pressing resulting in presentation of the drug-associated stimulus was subsequently reinstated by non-contingent delivery of cocaine, but not by non-contingent presentation of the stimulus alone. These results suggest that different aspects of cocaine-seeking behavior, such as operant responding resulting in presentation of a cocaine-associated external stimulus, time to extinction in the absence of primary reinforcement, and reinstatement of responding following extinction can be measured in the rat. These tests may provide useful tools for the assessment of potential treatment drugs for human cocaine abuse.
Faithful after break-up: suppression of chromosomal translocations.

Chromosome integrity in response to chemically or radiation-induced chromosome breaks and the perturbation of ongoing replication forks relies on multiple DNA repair mechanisms. However, repair of these lesions may lead to unwanted chromosome rearrangement if not properly executed or regulated. As these types of chromosomal alterations threaten the cell’s and the organism’s very own survival, multiple systems are developed to avoid or at least limit break-induced chromosomal rearrangements. In this review, we highlight cellular strategies for repressing DNA break-induced chromosomal translocations in multiple model systems including yeast, mouse, and human. These pathways select proper homologous templates or broken DNA ends for the faithful repair of DNA breaks to avoid undesirable chromosomal translocations.
The Effect of Blade Discretization on Resonant Turbine Blade Response

The two methods currently used in industry to calculate blade resonant responses, the energy method and the transmissibility method, are discussed relative to accuracy and facility. Although identical in form for the ideal case, the methods differ in accuracy for practical cases depending on discretization, i.e., model lumped mass breakup fineness. For clarity, the equations for these two methods are derived for a Timoshenko beam and solved numerically for a beam with varying discretization. The results show resonant stress differences up to 30% for higher modes using limited but equal discretization, proving the practical superiority of the energy method over the transmissibility method by example as well as by theory.Copyright © 1983 by ASME
The viscosity of concentrated polymer solutions containing low molecular weight solvents

The zero shear rate viscosities of polystyrene/ethylbenzene solutions having polymer weight fractions ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 have been measured using a novel sealed rheometer cell over a temperature range of 50 to 200°C. The concentration and temperature dependence of the solution viscosity has been found to be well described by the relation η0 = K caMw3.4ζ(c, T) where the monomeric friction coefficient ζ is determined by the free volume of the solution. Following the procedure of Berry, the free volume parameters, αf(c)/γ and T∞ (c), and the fractional free volume, f(c,T)/γ, have been determined. After using these parameters to account for the concentration dependence of the friction coefficient, the concentration exponent a has been evaluated and found to be in reasonable agreement with the value of 3.4 obtained by Berry and Fox for other polymer/solvent systems. A comparison of the relative conributions made by the friction coefficient and the term c3.4 to the overall concentration dependence of the viscosity of these highly concentrated solutions shows the friction coefficient to be the dominant factor
Resonant transfer and excitation in a crystal channel

Abstract We have derived a transition amplitude for resonant transfer and excitation (RTE) in a crystal channel. Here we present results of a comparison with the recent observations of Belkacem et al. of titanium ions channeled in a thin gold crystal [A. Belkacem et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 64 (1990) 380]. We introduce a 1D tight-binding model of the gold lattice to represent the crystal's periodicity and to connect with an electron's momentum profile in atomic gold. We find, with approximation, that the RTE cross section is proportional to the Compton profile of atomic gold times a crystal-structure factor. Our results are analogous to multislit interference of light with diffraction. Because of the narrowness of the 6s and 5d Compton profiles in gold, Belkacem et al. observed the principal maximum with a very narrow width determined by the crystal's Fermi energy. Unlike the observations however, we predict no shift in the RTE peak other than about 6 eV from the crystal's work function.
An analytical and numerical study of fiber microbuckling

Abstract In this paper a new analytical model which accounts for both shear and normal interfacial stresses as a function of fiber volume fraction and microbuckling wavelength is developed to analyze the compressive behavior of unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRP). In this model the relationships between the compressive strength, interfacial stresses, microbuckling wavelength and fiber volume fraction are studied. Contrary to the commonly accepted idea of the occurence of an extension mode of microbuckling, it is found that the shear mode is always the preferred buckling mode rather than extension, except for the case of very low fiber volume fraction composites in which case the fibers perform individually as in a single fiber case with no interaction in between them. In addition to the analytical study, a finite element analysis is carried out to investigate the in-plane microbuckling behavior of unidirectional composites. The results of the finite element analysis are found to be in close agreement with the results of the analytical model.
Dislocation substructures in doped sapphire (α-Al2O3) deformed by basal slip

Abstract The dislocation substructures in sapphire (α-Al2O3) doped with isovalent (Cr3+ and Ti3+) and aliovalent (Ti4+ and Mg2+) solutes and deformed by basal slip at 1500–1520°C have been studied by transmission electron microscopy. The dislocation substructures in the Cr3+- and Ti3+-doped sapphire are similar to those in undoped sapphire; however, the aliovalent solutes (and their associated charge-compensating defects) cause changes in the dislocation substructures, particularly in the density and distribution of small dislocation loops produced by breakup of dislocation dipoles. Very few loops are present in Mg2+-doped sapphire, while prominent strings of loops are present in Ti4+-doped sapphire, although only at small strains. These and additional changes in the dislocation substructures are attributed to an increase in the bulk diffusion kinetics on doping with Mg2+ and a decrease in the bulk diffusion kinetics on doping with Ti4+.
Studies on the structure of an ornithine-containing lipid from Rhodospirillum rubrum.

Abstract An ornithine containing lipid found in extracts of both heterotrophically and autotrophically grown Rhodospirillum rubrum cells was found to yield fatty acids, hydroxyfatty acids and ornithine on acid hydrolysis. It is proposed that the lipid consists of one residue of fatty acid esterifying the hydroxyl group of a hydroxyfatty acid, which in turn forms an amide bond with the α-amino group of an ornithine residue. Heterotrophically grown cells yield a second ornithine containing lipid in addition to the one described previously. The two lipids seem to be quite dissimilar in structure.
Time- and frequency-domain descriptions of spatially averaged one-way diffraction for an unfocused piston transducer

Time-domain and frequency-domain expressions describing spatially averaged effects of one-way diffraction in the case of an unfocused piston transmitter and finite receiver are of theoretical and practical interest. Here, a time-domain description based on the arccos diffraction formulation and a frequency-domain description based on the Lommel diffraction formulation are derived. Numerical results obtained from the two descriptions are then compared. It is shown that the two descriptions show satisfactory agreement for finite receivers of practical interest. Two mathematical lemmas are also provided.
Efficient block designs for comparing test treatments to a control when the errors are correlated

Abstract This paper is concerned with the problem of comparing test treatments to a control in incomplete blocks when the errors in each block follow a stationary, first order autoregressive correlation structure. General optimality theorems are presented as well as A-optimality and construction results for two new families of designs: CNBTIB design when the blocks are circular and ANBIB designs when the blocks are rectangular.
Force and Moment Measurements of Supercavitating Hydrofoils of Finite Span With Comparison to Theory

Measurements were made of lift drag, and moment coefficients, and cavity length for aspect ratio 3 and 5 supercavitating hydrofoils of ellipitical planform. These measurements are compared with theoretical predictions obtained from matching asymptotic expansions for large aspect ratio. Good agreement was obtained for lift and drag coefficients for angles of attack from 10 degrees to 15 degrees and for a wide range of cavity lengths. Theoretical moment coefficients were too large indicating the need for lifting surface corrections.
Role of Au in the Growth and Nanoscale Optical Properties of ZnO Nanowires

Metallic nanoparticles play a crucial role in nanowire growth and have profound consequences on nanowire morphology and their physical properties. Here, we investigate the evolving role of the Au nanoparticle during ZnO nanowire growth and its effects on nanoscale photoemission of the nanowires. We observe the transition from Au-assisted to non-assisted growth mechanisms during a single nanowire growth, with significant changes in growth rates during these two regimes. This transition occurs through the reduction of oxygen partial pressure, which modifies the ZnO facet stability and increases Au diffusion. Nanoscale quenching of ZnO cathodoluminescence occurs near the Au nanoparticle due to excited electron diffusion to the nanoparticle. Thus, the Au nanoparticle is critically linked to the nanowire growth mechanism and corresponding growth rate through the energy of its interface with the ZnO nanowire, and its presence modifies nanowire optical properties on the nanoscale.
Donor Benefit Is the Key to Justified Living Organ Donation

Spurred by a severe shortage of cadaveric organs, there has been a marked growth in living organ donation over the past several years. This has stimulated renewed interest in the ethics of this practice. The major concern has always been the possibility that a physician may seriously harm one person while trying to improve the well-being of another. As Carl Elliott points out, this puts the donor's physician in a difficult predicament: when evaluating a person who volunteers to donate an organ, “a doctor is in the position of deciding not simply whether a subject's choice is reasonable … but whether he [the doctor] is morally justified in helping the subject accomplish it.”1 This question has become even more difficult since the introduction of living donor operations that are more risky than living kidney donation (e.g., adult-to-adult liver donation) and the suggestion that volunteers at added risk may sometimes be acceptable.2 So, how can we decide when the risk is too much?
Human multiple organ-reactive monoclonal autoantibody recognizes growth hormone and a 35,000-molecular weight protein.

Abstract By fusing peripheral leukocytes from a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes with mouse myeloma cells, a heterohybridoma was isolated that, for over one year, has secreted a human monoclonal autoantibody, designated MOR-h1 (multiple organ-reactive human 1). This antibody reacts with antigens in several endocrine organs including the pituitary, thyroid, stomach, and pancreas. By double immunofluorescence, MOR-h1 was found to react specifically with growth hormone (GH)-containing cells in the anterior pituitary and, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, MOR-h1 was shown to react with both natural and biosynthetic GH. Absorption experiments revealed that GH could remove the capacity of MOR-h1 to react not only with cells in the anterior pituitary, but also with cells in the thyroid, stomach, and pancreas. The demonstration with hyperimmune serum that these organs do not contain GH indicated that MOR-h1 was reacting with a different molecule(s) in these organs. By passing extracts of pituitary, thyroid, and stomach through an MOR-h1 affinity column and analyzing the eluted antigens by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a 35,000-mol wt polypeptide was isolated from each of these organs. In addition, a 21,500-mol wt polypeptide with an electrophoretic mobility identical to purified human GH was isolated from the pituitary, but not the other organs. It is concluded that MOR-h1 reacts with a 35,000-mol wt polypeptide present in the pituitary, thyroid, and stomach and that this antibody also recognizes a determinant on GH.
Olefin Insertion and Subsequent β-X Elimination from a Pentacoordinate Tantalum Complex. A Density Functional Theory Study

Olefin insertion and metal−alkyl β-X elimination reaction coordinates are followed with density functional theory for a series of X-substituted olefins, where X may be a halide (F, Cl, Br), an ether (OH, OCH3), hydrogen, or a methyl group, acting on a tantalum dihydride, Ta(H)2(OH)3. Close comparison is made to the related experimental Ta(H)2(OSitBu3)3 system. Olefin adducts prior to insertion have not been located using several conformational search techniques. Insertion takes place by two primary modes acting in the equatorial plane: endo, between the two hydrides, and exo, to the side of the hydrides. The exo insertion mode is favored by the charge polarized vinyl halides and ethers, and endo insertion is preferred by ethylene and propylene. The kinetic and thermodynamic data obtained by Strazisar and Wolczanski concurs with the activation barriers and reaction enthalpies calculated for both insertion and elimination. β-X elimination is shown to preclude approximate chain propagation (olefin insertion...
Assessment of trace elements in canned fishes (mackerel, tuna, salmon, sardines and herrings) marketed in Georgia and Alabama (United States of America)

Abstract The concentrations of mercury and 13 other trace metals in 104 canned fish samples purchased within the states of Georgia and Alabama (United States of America) were determined using the direct mercury analyzer (DMA) and the inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The ranges obtained for the elements analyzed in mg/kg (wet weight) are as follows: Hg (0.02–0.74), Ag (0.0–0.20), As (0.0–1.72), Cd (0.0–0.05), Cr (0.0–0.30), Fe (0.01–88.4), Pb (0.0–0.03), Mn (0.01–2.55), Ni (0.0–0.78), Co (0.0–0.10), Cu (0.01–5.33), Sn (0.04–28.7), V (0.0–0.31) and Zn (0.14–97.8). Three tuna samples had Hg level above the European dietary limit of 0.5 mg Hg/kg. The mean Hg concentrations in the tuna (285 μg/kg) and sardine (107 μg/kg) brands were higher than the averages posted by the pink salmon (36.1 μg/kg), red salmon (32.8 μg/kg) and mackerel (36.4 μg/kg) brands. Two tuna samples and a sardine sample exceeded the Australian permissible limit of 1 μg/g inorganic arsenic (wet weight). Two samples (brand 15: herring) had zinc levels exceeding the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommended limit of 40 mg/kg and two pink salmons also exceeded the Brazilian regulatory limit of 0.1 mg Cr/kg. One tuna sample had a cadmium level slightly exceeding the Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants draft guideline of 0.50 mg Cd/kg. However, the concentrations of lead, cadmium and copper were below the corresponding MAFF guidelines of 2.0, 1.0 and 30 mg/kg, respectively. Also, based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) health criteria for carcinogens, there are no health risks with respect to Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn concentrations in canned fishes analyzed. The result of the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) conducted on the data suggested that significant variations ( P 0.05 ) existed in the concentrations of Hg, As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Sn, V, and Zn across the various fish species and canned fish brands analyzed. The estimated weekly intakes of Hg, As, Cd, Pb, Sn, Fe, Cu and Zn for a 60 kg adult consuming 350 g of fish/week were below the respective provisional tolerable weekly intakes (PTWI) in μg/kg body weight for: Hg: 5; As: 15; Cd: 7; Pb: 25; Sn: 14000; Fe: 5600; Cu: 3500; and Zn: 7000.
Religion and Polity in Theravada Buddhism: Continuity and Change in a Great Tradition. A Review Article

Buddhism, unlike Hinduism, has been significantly fortunate as far as scholarship is concerned. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries there was a burgeoning of textual studies-translations, philosophical expositions of Buddhism, and historical studies by western scholars, perhaps more than any other great tradition outside of Christianity. These studies in turn stimulated in indigenous elites a sense of pride in their own religion and spurred indigenous exegeses and analyses of Buddhism with a modern scholarly orientation. However, sociological studies of Buddhism as an operative religion were almost totally neglected until the appearance of Max Weber's classic study on the Religion of India (translated, 1958). But Weber's input was not felt till the early sixties when anthropologists, largely influenced by Redfield's work, went into the field and produced studies in the sociology of Buddhism. Since then we have had outstanding studies in Theravada Buddhism as an operative religion for Sri Lanka, Burma and Thailand (but not Laos or Cambodia). For reasons I find
Measuring depression levels in HIV-infected patients as part of routine clinical care using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).

Abstract Little is known about the psychometric properties of depression instruments among persons infected with HIV. We analyzed data from a large sample of patients in usual care in two US cities (n=1467) using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) from the PRIME-MD. The PHQ-9 had curvilinear scaling properties and varying levels of measurement precision along the continuum of depression measured by the instrument. In our cohort, the scale showed a prominent floor effect and a distribution of scores across depression severity levels. Three items had differential item functioning (DIF) with respect to race (African-American vs. white); two had DIF with respect to sex; and one had DIF with respect to age. There was minimal individual-level DIF impact. Twenty percent of the difference in mean depression levels between African-Americans and whites was due to DIF. While standard scores for the PHQ-9 may be appropriate for use with individual HIV-infected patients in cross-sectional settings, the...
Classification of two-dimensional conformal supergravity theories with finite-dimensional algebras.

We present a list of all the finite supersymmetric extensions of thetwo-dimensional (2D) conformal algebra SO(2,2), which could lead to 2D superconformal gravity theories. The on-shell matter multiplets of the algebrasallowing canonical spin-0 and -1/2 matter are constructed. Usingthese multiplets the Weyl and Yang-Mills anomalies are calculated. There aremany new models. One new model is free of both Yang-Mills and Weyl anomalies,SU(1,1)/times/SU(2/vert bar/1,1), but only the algebrasSU(1,1)/sup 2/, OSP(1/vert bar/2)/sup 2/,OSP(2/vert bar/2)/sup 2/, SU(1,1)/times/OSP(1/vert bar/2),OSP(1/vert bar/2)/times/OSP(2/vert bar/2), andSU(1,1)/times/OSP(2/vert bar/2) lead to models free of all anomalies. Thesemodels correspond to the known string models.
Abstract 3159: ZAR2 transcriptionally represses the ATPase ATP6V0A4 to negatively regulate invasiveness of breast cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA ZAR2 is a recently characterized RNA-dependent transcriptional repressor protein that is implicated in the cell cycle-dependent regulation of BRCA2 gene expression. We have shown previously that ZAR2 mRNA is transcribed from the overlapping bi-directional promoter of the BRCA2 gene, binds to the overlapping promoter and prevents the expression of BRCA2 through chromatin remodeling. ZAR2 level is significantly low in the invasive breast cancer cells and tissues as compared to the non-invasive cells. Knockdown of ZAR2 in the non-invasive breast cancer cells increased the in vitro invasiveness of these cells whereas forced expression of ZAR2 in the invasive breast cancer cells prevented their invasiveness. To understand the possible mechanism of ZAR2-mediated regulation of invasiveness of the breast cancer cells we studied differential gene expression in the ZAR2 knocked down non-invasive breast cancer cells by RNA-seq analysis. One of the genes that are significantly elevated in the ZAR2 knocked down cells is the invasion determining enzyme ATP6V0A4. ATP6V0A4 is transcribed from an overlapping bi-directional promoter along with its partner TMEM213 in the breast cancer cells. We found that both ATP6V0A4 and TMEM213 levels are increased in the ZAR2 knocked down cells whereas cells with forced expression of ZAR2 have a significant decrease in the levels of these proteins. ZAR2 cell cycle dependently binds to the ATP6V0A4/TMEM213 gene promoter to repress the activity of this bi-directional promoter. This study thus reports a new pathway for the regulation of the invasiveness of breast cancer cells. Supported in part by DOD grants BC990678 and BC050641 to GC and NIH grant 1U54RR026140 to SM. Citation Format: Smita Misra, Gautam Chaudhuri. ZAR2 transcriptionally represses the ATPase ATP6V0A4 to negatively regulate invasiveness of breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3159. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3159
Self-Monitoring and Competence as Determinants of Sex Differences in Social Interaction

Abstract Male and female college students who had high or low task competence and high or low self-monitoring scores participated in two tasks; one male-oriented and one female-oriented. During the male-oriented task, high-competent males and low-competent females talked the most. During the female-oriented task, high-competent females and low-competent males talked the most. High self-monitors talked the most on the male-oriented task. On the female-oriented task, self-monitoring was not predictive of verbal activity.
Rate of Change in Aortic Valve Area During a Cardiac Cycle Can Predict the Rate of Hemodynamic Progression of Aortic Stenosis

Background—The ability to predict the rate of hemodynamic progression in an individual patient with valvular aortic stenosis has been elusive. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether the rate of change in aortic valve area (AVA) measured during the ejection phase of a cardiac cycle predicts the rate of hemodynamic progression in patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis. Methods and Results—In 84 adults with initially asymptomatic aortic stenosis and a baseline AVA of ≥0.9 cm2, annual echocardiographic data were obtained prospectively (mean follow-up 2.8±1.3 years). With the initial echocardiogram, the ratio of AVA measured at mid-acceleration and mid-deceleration to the AVA at peak velocity was calculated. The primary outcome variable was the annual rate of change in AVA (rate of progression), with rate of progression classified as rapid (a reduction in AVA of ≥0.2 cm2/y) or slow (<0.2 cm2/y). Rapid progression was significantly associated with an AVA ratio of ≥1.25 (P=0.004, risk ratio...
The origin and diffusion of shocks to regional interest rates in the United States, 1880–2002

Abstract This paper is about the behavior of regional interest rates in the United States from 1880 to 2002. The main concern is with the shocks to regional rates. Where did they originate? How did they diffuse? How did the pattern change over time? We show that in the late nineteenth century the main source of shocks to rates on the periphery were shocks originating on the periphery itself. This pattern continued through World War I and the Great Depression. After World War II, however, the importance of disturbances on the periphery diminished and shocks to rates in the Eastern financial centers became the main source of fluctuations in all regions.
The structure of AAVrh32.33, a novel gene delivery vector.

The Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are being developed as gene delivery vectors for therapeutic clinical applications. However, the host antibody immune response directed against their capsid, prevalent in ∼40-70% of the general population, depending on serotype, negatively impacts efficacy. AAVrh32.33, a novel vector developed from rhesus macaques isolates, has significantly lower seroprevalence in human populations compared to AAV2 and AAV8, which are both in clinical use. To better understand the capsid determinants of this differential immune response to AAVrh32.33, its structure was determined by X-ray crystallography to 3.5 A resolution. The capsid viral protein (VP) structure conserves the eight-stranded β-barrel core and αA helix reported for other parvoviruses and the distinct capsid surface topology of the AAVs: a depression at the icosahedral twofold axis, three protrusions surrounding the threefold axis, and a depression surround a cylindrical channel at the fivefold axis. A comparison to AAV2, AAV4, and AAV8, to which AAVrh32.33 shares ∼61%, ∼81%, and ∼63% identity, respectively, identified differences in previously defined AAV VP structurally variable regions (VR-1 to VR-IX) which function as receptor attachment, transduction efficiency, and/or antigenic determinants. This structure thus provides a 3D platform for capsid engineering in ongoing efforts to develop AAVrh32.33, as well as other AAV serotypes, for tissue targeted gene-therapy applications with vectors that can evade pre-existing antibody responses against the capsid. These features are required for full clinical realization of the promising AAV gene delivery system.
Solitary reticulohistiocytoma in pregnancy: Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of a case with unusual immunophenotype

A case of a solitary reticulohistiocytoma during pregnancy is reported. The tumor arose on the right thigh of a 31-year-old woman during the 2nd month of gestation. Physical examination 6 months later revealed a 9 x 6 mm yellowish white papule. A biopsy showed a dermal proliferation of spindle to polygonal cells embedded in fibrous tissue with admixed neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes. Immunohistochemistry was positive for S-100, factor XIIIa, HLA-DR, KP-1, vimentin, and neuron-specific enolase. Ultrastructurally, the cells showed abundant lipid, lysozomes, and endoplasmic reticulum. No Birbeck granules could be identified. The results suggest an aberrant immunophenotype intermediate between indeterminate cells and dermal dendritic cells. The relationship of these lineages to reticulohistiocytoma and other dermal proliferative disorders is reviewed.
Estimating Cn2 Over Snow And Sea Ice From Meteorological Quantities

Because turbulent fluctuations in the atmospheric refractive index (n) at wavelength x are related to turbulent fluctuations in the temperature (t) and humidity (q) by n = A(x,P,T,9)t + B(x,P,T,Q)q, it is possible to estimate the refractive index structure parameter C in the atmospheric surface layer from meteorological quantities. I describe two such estimation procedures, one based on the velocity, temperature, and humidity scales u*' t*, and q*, and a second based on the routine meteorological quantities U,, T -Th, and %-Q,. Subscript h here denotes the wind speed (U,), temperature (TO, and humidity (Qh) at rVference height h; subscript s indicates the sUrface value. I tabulate the coefficients A and B as functions of λ, the atmospheric pressure (I)), and the ambient temperature (T) and humidity (Q) in four wavelength regions--visible (including near-infrared), an infrared window, near-millimeter, and radio. A sensitivity analysis of the two estimation procedures demonstrates that the accuracy of the Cn2 estimate is a strong function of the Bowen ratio (Bo), the ratio of sensible to latent heat flux at the surface. At two Bo values within the interval [-10,10], one dependent on λ and the other on enyironmental conditions, the uncertainty in the Cn2 estimate becomes infinite. I focus on C values over snow and sea ice, and my examples are for these surfaces, but the estimation procedures presented can be applied to any geophysical surface that is horizontally homogeneous.