cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Soil Moisture and Soil Structure for InSAR Phase and Backscatter, as Determined by FDTD Modeling

In this paper, we introduce a finite-difference time-domain simulator that accurately models the interaction of microwaves with realistic soils, specifically from spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). The modeled soils are characterized by surface roughness, correlation length, bulk moisture content, vertical moisture gradient, and small air-filled-void content. Simulation results include both backscatter and interferometric phase, and we are particularly interested in assessing the potential of the latter as a proxy for soil moisture. We find that differences in homogeneous bulk moisture result in only small phase differences ( 30? for HH and > 50? for VV when the soil moisture is varied from 3% to 30% in the uppermost 2 cm of the soil. Phase changes of this magnitude are easily detectable by spaceborne InSAR techniques. While a strong phase response to a change in mean bulk moisture is common to vertical moisture gradient and small air-filled-void cases, their corresponding backscatter responses are very different. A vertical moisture gradient makes the backscatter response dramatically flatter compared with the case of uniform moisture; in contrast, the introduction of air-filled voids barely alters the backscatter. Thus, it may be possible to infer near-surface soil-structure parameters such as vertical gradients or fractions of voids and inhomogeneities from combined SAR phase and backscatter data. Future SAR sensors could be optimized for this purpose. Prior theoretical work based on the assumption of vertically uniform soil-moisture distributions may need to be adjusted, and the lack of a theory that accommodates more complex soil structures may explain why backscatter inversions have yet to result in a viable operational system.
Modeling friction phenomena in flexible multibody dynamics

The dynamic response of flexible systems of arbitrary topology and complexity are now readily modeled using multibody dynamics analysis concepts. In most formulations, the joints connecting the flexible bodies of the system are not modeled per se: only the effect of joints is modeled through a set of kinematic constraints. This paper focuses on the development of methodologies for the analysis of unilateral contact conditions in joints and of the resulting normal and friction forces. This involves a host of phenomena such as: contact kinematics, contact conditions, and the modeling of the normal and tangential contact forces. Furthermore, the high level of nonlinearity associated with a number of these phenomena implies challenging numerical issues. Although friction forces can be readily evaluated using Coulomb friction law, the resulting accuracy is questionable: sticking and slipping can co-exist in different parts of the contact area, a phenomenon known as micro-slip. Numerous models of friction have been developed and presented in the literature; application of the LuGre model will be discussed in this paper.
Coverage Of Newborn And Adult Male Circumcision Varies Among Public And Private US Payers Despite Health Benefits

Studies have shown that male circumcision greatly reduces the risk for heterosexual transmission of HIV, other sexually transmitted infections, infant urinary tract infections, penile cancer, and other adverse health outcomes. Given recent data regarding these health benefits and the cost-effectiveness of newborn male circumcision, national policy makers are developing new recommendations regarding circumcision for newborn, adolescent, and adult males. To investigate the implications, this study assessed insurance coverage and reimbursement for routine newborn and adult male circumcision in private and public health plans in 2009. We found that coverage varies across private and public payers. Private insurance provides far broader coverage than state Medicaid programs for routine newborn male circumcision. Specifically, Medicaid programs in seventeen states do not cover it, even though low-income populations have a higher risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases compared to higher-income group...
DISTANCE‐DEPENDENT FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING OF TRYPTOPHAN BY ACRYLAMIDE

We used GHz frequency-domain fluorometry to investigate the time-dependent intensity decays of N-acetyl-L-trytophanamide (NATA) when collisionally quenched by acrylamide in propylene glycol at 20 degrees C. The intensity decays of NATA became increasingly heterogeneous in the presence of acrylamide. The NATA intensity decays were not consistent with the Collins-Kimball radiation boundary condition (RBC) model for quenching. The steady-state Stern-Volmer plots show significant upward curvature. At low temperature in vitrified propylene glycol (-60%), where translational diffusion cannot occur during the lifetime of the excited state, quenching of NATA by acrylamide was observed. The Smoluchowski and RBC quenching models do not predict any quenching in the absence of translational diffusion. Hence, these frequency-domain and steady-state data indicate a through-space quenching interaction between NATA and acrylamide. The rate for quenching of NATA by acrylamide appears to depend exponentially on the fluorophore-quencher separation distance. Comparison of the time-resolved and steady-state data provides a sensitive method to determine the distance dependence of the fluorophore-quencher interaction. The distance-dependent rate of quenching also explains the upward curvature of the Stern-Volmer plot, which is often observed for quenching by acrylamide. These results suggest that the distance-dependent quenching rates need to be considered in the interpretation of quenching data of proteins by acrylamide.
A SYMBOLIC METHODOLOGY FOR THE STABILITY ANALYSIS OF FLEXIBLE ROTATING SYSTEMS

This paper presents an efficient framework for the stability analysis of flexible rotating systems. The methodology is based on breaking a flexible rotating system into flexible and multi-rigid-body subsystems. The flexible portions are represented using nonlinear beam finite elements based on a mixed variational formulation for the dynamics of moving beams. The multi-rigid-body portions of the system are modeled as a system of interconnected rigid bodies using Kane's methodology. Kane's method helps in selecting a set of generalized speed which lead to compact equations of motion. With a strategy to couple these equations, they are unified into one framework that models the dynamic behavior of the complete system. Floquet analysis is used to study the dynamics of the linearized system. The analysis methodology is applied to a Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine. The paper presents a new methodology for modeling the dynamics of general flexible multibody systems.
The Specificity of Maternal Parenting Behavior and Child Adjustment Difficulties : A Study of Inner-City African American Families

The specificity of the association between 2 parenting behaviors (warmth and supervision) and 2 indicators, aggressive behavior and depressive symptoms, of major child outcomes (externalizing problems and internalizing problems) was examined among 196 inner-city African American mothers and their school age children. Given the growing number of African American families affected by HIV/AIDS and demonstrated compromises in parenting associated with maternal infection, the moderating role of maternal HIV/AIDS was also examined. Findings from longitudinal analyses supported the specificity of maternal warmth but not of maternal supervision. Maternal warmth was a stronger predictor of decreases in child aggressive behavior than of decreases in depressive symptoms. In addition, maternal warmth was a stronger predictor of decreases in aggressive behavior than was maternal supervision. Parenting specificity was not moderated by maternal HIV/AIDS. Clinical implications and future research directions are discussed.
MORPHOLOGIC CHANGES IN PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.

Certain constant gross and microscopic changes seen in pulmonary emphysema have been presented and contrasted with normal structures of the lung. The etiologic bases for these changes are still unknown, but it is apparent that multiple causes are involved.
P67: Robotic bariatric surgery: Outcomes of laparoscopic biliopancreatic diversion and gastric bypass

the adolescent’s self-report (p 0.05). Conclusion: Surgical weight loss using LAGB offered significant early and short term improvement in QOL based on self-report and parental report for morbidly obese adolescent. Despite reported improvement in QOL by both adolescences and parents at followup, significant discrepancies between parent and adolescent QOL scores and perceived improvement existed. PII: S1550-7289(08)00239-6
Influence of Year of Diagnosis, Patient Age, and Sociodemographic Status on Recommending Adjuvant Radiation Treatment for Stage I Testicular Seminoma

Purpose Adjuvant radiation therapy (ART) for stage I seminoma can cause adverse late effects and alternative postorchiectomy management strategies have been developed. This study evaluated ART trends in the United States and the impact of clinical and sociodemographic factors on ART recommendations. Methods Of men diagnosed with stage I seminoma from 1990 through 2004, 3,125 were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess whether there was a significant association between diagnosis year, diagnosis age, race, county education level, region, tumor size, tumor category, and the recommendation for ART. Results There was a significant association (P < .001) between later year of diagnosis and a decrease in ART recommendation. Compared with men diagnosed in 1990 to 1994, men diagnosed in 1995 to 1999, and 2000 to 2004 were less likely to have ART (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.63; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.84; and...
Multitime correlation functions for single molecule kinetics with fluctuating bottlenecks

Stochastic trajectories in single molecule kinetics coupled to several Gaussian Markovian coordinates are analyzed using a generating function obtained by solving the multidimensional Smoluchowski equation. Multitime correlation functions are computed and used to identify direct signatures of non-Poissonian kinetics resulting from coupling to slow coordinates. Effects of various degrees of correlation between collective coordinates with multiple time scales are studied.
Simple, inexpensive technique for high-quality smartphone fundus photography in human and animal eyes

Purpose. We describe in detail a relatively simple technique of fundus photography in human and rabbit eyes using a smartphone, an inexpensive app for the smartphone, and instruments that are readily available in an ophthalmic practice. Methods. Fundus images were captured with a smartphone and a 20D lens with or without a Koeppe lens. By using the coaxial light source of the phone, this system works as an indirect ophthalmoscope that creates a digital image of the fundus. The application whose software allows for independent control of focus, exposure, and light intensity during video filming was used. With this app, we recorded high-definition videos of the fundus and subsequently extracted high-quality, still images from the video clip. Results. The described technique of smartphone fundus photography was able to capture excellent high-quality fundus images in both children under anesthesia and in awake adults. Excellent images were acquired with the 20D lens alone in the clinic, and the addition of the Koeppe lens in the operating room resulted in the best quality images. Successful photodocumentation of rabbit fundus was achieved in control and experimental eyes. Conclusion. The currently described system was able to take consistently high-quality fundus photographs in patients and in animals using readily available instruments that are portable with simple power sources. It is relatively simple to master, is relatively inexpensive, and can take advantage of the expanding mobile-telephone networks for telemedicine.
Climate change effects on the snowmelt hydrology of western North American mountain basins

Several effects of increasing atmospheric CO/sub 2/ content on climate are considered-namely, increasing atmospheric temperature, changing snowmelt equivalent at the beginning of the snowmelt, and changing precipitation during the snowmelt runoff season. The effects that these changes would have on runoff from mountain basins were evaluated by use of the snowmelt runoff model (SRM). The major effect on runoff was caused by increasing temperature. An increase in total seasonal runoff resulted, but the more interesting and significant effect was a redistribution of runoff to the months April and May. Depending on whether snowmelt season precipitation and winter snow accumulation increased or decreased, the temperature effect on the hydrograph was magnified or diminished. The model results indicated a potentially serious problem in western North America where climate changes could widen the gap between water supply and water demand as well as causing existing water storage and distribution systems to be ineffective. >
Stress Echocardiography: A Useful Tool for Children With Aortic Stenosis

The development of echocardiographic ventricular wall motion abnormalities and ST segment changes with exercise may enhance the detection of myocardial ischemia in children with aortic valve stenosis (AS). This study aimed to assess the relationship between the exercise wall motion index (WMIe), ST segment depression (STd), and overall functionality in asymptomatic children with isolated AS. A prospective interpretation of collected stress echocardiographic images was performed. The 98 children who met the inclusion criteria had a mean age of 12.8 years and a male/female ratio of 4/1. Group 1 (mild AS) was composed of 70 children, and group 2 (moderate or severe AS) was composed of 28 children. Abnormal WMIe was seen in 8 patients (5 in group 1 and 3 in group 2), and significant STd was observed in 13 children (3 in group 1 and 10 in group 2). Four (50 %) of the eight patients with abnormal WMIe also had significant STd. Severity of stenosis was associated with STd (odds ratio [OR], 12.0; 95 % CI 3.0–49.0), logistic regression). A significant association also existed between abnormal WMIe and STd (OR, 9.0; 95 % CI 1.9–42.0, logistic regression). Exercise duration was significantly shorter in group 2 (12 ± 4.52 min) than in group 1 (13 ± 5.28 min) (p = 0.02, analysis of covariance). The appearance of wall motion abnormalities and STd during exercise may be helpful in detecting inducible, functionally important myocardial ischemia in asymptomatic children with AS. Stress echocardiography may be a useful adjunct to more traditional exercise testing in risk stratifying asymptomatic children with AS.
Current research and future directions in psychodynamic treatment of ADHD: Is empathy the missing link?

This article reviews the current psychodynamic research on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), proposes a model of treatment that integrates ego psychological and object relations approaches, and raises questions regarding the role of empathy in ADHD. The article concludes with recommendations for future directions in ADHD research and treatment.
PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING RELATIVE FREQUENCIES OF PRODUCTION/ORDER IN MULTISTAGE ASSEMBLY SYSTEMS*

We show that the problems of determination lot sizes in a multistage assembly system for the case of instantaneous production and constant demand for the end item can be reduced to the problems of determining relative frequenceis of production/order for items at each production stage. We further show that such frequencies are independent of the demand levels. Optimal and near-optimal solution procedures for this reduced problem are provided. The near-optimal procedure successively treats each stage of production as a final production stage while simulatenously incorporating decisions made at lower stages into decisions made at higher stages. Experimental results show that the near-optimal procedure results in optimal solutions 75 percent of the time and performs considerably better than representative heuristics available in the literature. Further, its performance is relatively less susceptible to product/structural characteristics of the system.
Generating Numerical Model Grids using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Data

In this paper we focus on the development of a model grid for a numerical approach to study sediment transport processes in Delaware Bay marshes. Marshes feature a high degree of spatial variability on very small spatial scales. Integration of tidal channels with widths of only a few meters is required to provide enough volume for the tidal prism. Consequently, a high resolution numerical grid is necessary to resolve the modeled marsh area. Marshes also have a large geospatial extent, no exact boundaries, and are often difficult to access. Thus, remote sensing technologies such as LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) are a helpful tool to provide data for topography and the location of tidal channels and other structures. For our study area we utilized high resolution LiDAR data (2x2m) for the Blackbird Creek reserve in Delaware, which is located in the western shore of the Delaware Bay. LiDAR measures the highest elevation of existing elements, including ground, structures, and vegetation. Tidal flats are mostly covered by dense vegetation, but the ground elevation is needed for the model set up. We will present an approach that adjusts the existing LiDAR data by subtracting the height of the respective vegetation cover using a season adjusted correction, thus generating a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) that represents only the ground elevation. The DTM will be used to map the respective topography on the model grid. Additionally, the LiDAR data is used to extract the outline of the first, second and third order channels as polygons, which are used to triangulate the model grid appropriately.
Incompleteness of Agency Theory: Dark Matter in the US Corporation

Prepared for a conference in Florence, Italy on “Corporate Governance and Control Systems in the Public Corporation,” this essay offers a current account and critique of corporate governance in the United States. The essay asserts that the control systems undertaken in the name of corporate governance – while numerous and convoluted – have not lived up to their promise. The essay postulates that these control systems are incomplete because they aim primarily at “external” agent conflicts, the focus of modern agency theory. Instead, “internal” agent conflicts – which arise from a lack of personal completeness and integrity – may well represent the “dark matter” that explains more fully the nature of the contemporary corporation.
Understanding Windows 10

Windows 10 was released in July 2015 as a free upgrade for Windows 7 and Windows 8 customers. With any operating system upgrade, there are many steps that need carefully planned and many questions answered in order to reduce problems for the technical staff as well as end users. What does the arrival of Windows 10 mean to your organization? How are you going to plan for a smooth transition to Windows 10? How should your organization approach its implementation? Since Windows 10 is free and distributed to Windows users, how will you support the various users who are prompted to install it -- especially home users and users on campus who are not in active directory? This paper will outline the new features of Windows 10, will discuss its improvements as well as the anticipated issues and challenges that may be faced during a campus wide implementation.
Regulation of Protein Synthesis in Mammalian Systems by the Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor

In mammalian cells, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) plays a major role in regulating protein synthesis. The first step in polypeptide chain initiation is the formation of a ternary (eIF-2 · GTP · Met-tRNA f complex where eIF-2 is eu- karyotic initiation factor (elF) 2. This is followed by the transfer of this complex to a 40 S ribosomal subunit (Wahba and Woodley, 1984; Pain, 1986). In the presence of mRNA, other initiation factors and the 60S ribosomal subunit, an 80S initiation complex is formed, thereby setting the stage for polypeptide chain elongation. Upon formation of the 80S initiation complex, GTP is hydrolyzed and eIF-2 is released as a binary complex of eIF-2·GDP. The binary complex is stable in the presence of Mg2+ and is functionally inactive. Regeneration of the ternary (eIF-2 · GTP · Met-tRNA f complex for a new cycle of initiation requires GEF which catalyzes the exchange of eIF-2-bound GDP for GTP (Dholakia and Wahba, 1989). It is at this point in the elF- 2 cycle that the initiation process is regulated (Fig. 1). Phosphorylation of the α-subu- nit of eIF-2 by either the heme-controlled repressor or the double-stranded RNA induced kinase is associated with the cessation of protein synthesis and is due to the inability of GEF to catalyze the GDP/GTP exchange from eIF-2(α-P) · GDP (Pain, 1986). Our studies demonstrate that GEF activity may also be regulated directly by phosphorylation of one of its subunits and the redox state of the cell (Dholakia et al., 1986; Dholakia and Wahba, 1988).
Structural testing applied to engineering design of re-entering space-vehicle heat shields

The need for structural-testing information to support the engineering design of re-entering spacevehicle heat shields is discussed. Test methods and techniques are described which can supply the designer with: (1) mechanical properties beyond the capability of normal physical testing; (2) substantiation of analysis; and (3) structural verification by proof tests.
Luteinization of the ovaries of immature hypophysectomized parabiotic rats with gonadotrophic hormone preparations.

SummaryThe injection of LH, gonadotrophin prepared from the urine of pregnant women, and unfractionated sheep pituitary extracts into the nonhypophysectomized partner produced luteinization in the ovaries of the hypophysectomized partner of either hypophysectomized-gonadectomized or hypophysectomized-normal parabiotic rats.The results indicate that the failure of the ovaries of the hypophysectomized partner of hypophysectomized-gonadectomized pairs to develop corpora lutea is due to an insufficient secretion of LH following gonadectomy rather than to an unresponsive state of the ovaries of the hypophysectomized animal.
Comparison of Activity of Viruses of St. Louis and Japanese Encephalitis in the Chick Embryo

ConclusionThe Japanese encephalitis virus and the St. Louis encephalitis virus produce the same type of changes in the chorioallantoic membrane and in the brain of the chick embryo. The two viruses multiply in the egg to approximately the same titer as demonstrated by mouse inoculation. Whether these observations imply more than a similarity of action of the two viruses is not clear from data available from this study.
Activated Carbons for High Power Energy Storage: Below the Surface of Non-Faradaic Reactions

The effect of iodine doping on the electrochemical performance of activated carbons for non-aqueous symmetric and asymmetric hybrid supercapacitors was investigated. The incorporation of iodine via high energy mechanical milling techniques significantly modified the physical and electrochemical properties of activated carbon precursors. The increasing amount of iodine into carbons leads to a unique combination of lower surface area coupled with higher volumetric and gravimetric electrochemical capacitance. Iodine modification of the carbon resulted in a 100% increase in volumetric capacitance. This improvement was a result of improved non-faradaic capacitance and the development of faradaic capacity.
Educating Engineering Students on Probabilistic Risk: Effects on the Perception of Ethics, Professional Responsibility, and Personal Agency

To better understand how improved understanding of uncertainty and probability concepts in an engineering systems context would affect undergraduate engineering students’ perceptions of professional responsibility and ethics as well as personal agency (one’s ability to affect the outcome of events), an assessment of these principles was conducted during a related course.A course entitled Engineering Risk Analysis was offered and conducted with a mix of undergraduate Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Petroleum Engineering, Environmental Systems Engineering, and Architectural Engineering students. This course presented and trained students in the use of system analysis techniques from the disciplines of Reliability Engineering, Policy Analysis, and Economics for understanding how uncertain circumstances interact with technological systems to produce failures and disasters.As engineering systems become increasingly complex and command greater quantities of energy, the risk of failures even when very rare, become much more severe. While there have been previous initiatives to increase engineering students’ understanding of statistics, probability, and risk, usually in response to previous disasters, this preliminary study is the first to begin to examine how this kind of knowledge affects engineering student’s perceptions of ethics, responsibility, and their concept of how their own individual decisions affect the potential for the failure of complex systems and the consequences of such failures.Students completed 5 regular survey-based assessments to judge their qualitative and quantitative skills, personal perceptions of the causes of engineering failures, and the professional and ethical responsibilities of engineers. Analysis of the response variance and a linear regression model demonstrated some significant effects after controlling for education, age, and professional work experience.Results indicate that questions related to probabilistic understanding of risk demonstrated the most significant change during the course. Indicators of agreement with strong professional ethics and greater professional responsibility as well as personal agency did not significantly change during the course. More importantly, while personal choices on risk did not appear to reflect one’s view of how engineers actually do or should treat questions of risk professionally, the amount of previous technical work experience showed a small positive association with increased agreement on statements of ethical responsibility towards workers and the public. These findings suggest that future research is needed to assess the types of instruction and personal experience that can best encourage the combination of strong ethical responsibility and personal agency that could empower engineering students to act when they have the opportunity to reduce risk to workers, the public, or the environment.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Abstract B1-20: Gene regulation by transcription factors and microRNAs in ovarian cancer

Conventional methods to analyze genomic data do not make use of the connectivity between different data types, such as transcriptional regulation and gene expression, thereby often failing to identify the cellular processes that are unique to cancer and cancer subtypes. An example of this are the four recently characterized high-grade serous ovarian cancer transcriptomic subtypes – differentiated, immunoreactive, mesenchymal, and proliferative ovarian cancer. These subtypes have not been associated with significant differences in survival, and their discovery has not lead to the identification of subtype-specific therapies. Uncovering the regulatory mechanisms mediating differences in expression between these subtypes may identify new therapeutic interventions, and ultimately help cancer patients. We modeled regulatory networks of the four ovarian cancer subtypes using PANDA, a network inference approach that uses genomic data to search for an optimal network by modeling information flow between regulators and target genes. Because not only transcription factors, but also microRNAs play an important role in gene regulation, we modified the PANDA algorithm to account for the regulatory effects of microRNAs in addition to transcription factors (miR-PANDA, in preparation). We compared the networks defining gene regulation in each subtype using different network comparison metrics. We observed a very striking pattern in out-degree differences that suggests transcription factors and microRNAs play a major role in driving the different subtypes. Using gene set enrichment analysis on in-degree differences of target genes, we identified several cancer-related pathways that are highly targeted in specific subtypes, such as regulation of Notch signaling by microRNAs in the immunoreactive subtype, and regulation of Wnt signaling by transcription factors in the proliferative subtype. These results may point to new therapeutic interventions and advance personalized treatments for ovarian cancer patients. Citation Format: Marieke Lydia Kuijjer, Kimberly Glass, John Quackenbush. Gene regulation by transcription factors and microRNAs in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Computational and Systems Biology of Cancer; Feb 8-11 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 2):Abstract nr B1-20.
Analyzing the Nuclear Complexes of Notch Signaling by Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay

An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) is a sensitive technique for detecting protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions in which complexes are separated by native (non-denaturing) gel electrophoresis. EMSAs can provide evidence for specific binding between components prepared from a wide range of sources, including not only highly purified proteins but also components of crude cellular extracts. EMSA experiments were critical in identifying the minimal protein requirements for assembly of transcriptionally active nuclear Notch complexes as well as the DNA sequence specificity of Notch transcription complexes. Here, we describe a radioactive EMSA protocol for detection of Notch transcription complexes.
California's Gun Violence Restraining Order Law: Duplicating Existing Commitment Laws?

In the aftermath of the Elliot Rodgers’ mass murder in 2014, California created a Gun Violence Restraining Order Law allowing judges to issue temporary emergency restraining orders to take guns away from subjects of these orders and prohibit them from purchasing firearms. What does this new law accomplish that is not duplicative of existing California law? Are there due process problems with it? What does it fail to do to address public safety concerns?
Maximum consistency preferential random walks

Random walk plays a significant role in computer science. The popular PageRank algorithm uses random walk. Personalized random walks force random walk to "personalized views" of the graph according to users' preferences. In this paper, we show the close relations between different preferential random walks and label propagation methods used in semi-supervised learning. We further present a maximum consistency algorithm on these preferential random walk/label propagation methods to ensure maximum consistency from labeled data to unlabeled data. Extensive experimental results on 9 datasets provide performance comparisons of different preferential random walks/label propagation methods. They also indicate that the proposed maximum consistency algorithm clearly improves the classification accuracy over existing methods.
Renal Cancer — Clinical Studies in the U.S.A.

The five year survival for untreated renal cell cancer is approximately 2%. This increases to 30 – 47% following simple nephrectomy whereas the overall five year survival following radical (perifascial) nephrectomy is 57 – 80%. Ten year survivals for renal cell cancer overall are 17 – 27% for simple nephrectomy and 40 – 66% following radical nephrectomy (1–5).
Alpha 1 -adrenergic blockade reduces exercise-induced regional myocardial ischemia in dogs

The effect of selective α1-adrenoceptor blockade on regional myocardial blood flow and contractile function during exercise-induced myocardial ischemia was determined in nine dogs having chronic single vessel coronary stenosis (ameroid constrictor). Treadmill exercise performed after β-adrenoceptor blockade (1.0 mg/kg i.v. propranolol), to block potential prejunctional effects recently recognized with α-blockade, elicited severe regional myocardial ischemia with a steady-state reduction of regional systolic wall thickening of the post-stenotic myocardium from a resting value of 21.8% to 7.0%. Blood flow to the ischemic subendocardium was reduced from 0.76 to 0.36 ml/min/g (microspheres). Prazosin (80 μg/kg i.v.) was administered during continued running, and angiotensin II was simultaneously infused to prevent the decrease in systemic arterial pressure caused by prazosin. During the subsequent steady state, with arterial pressure matched to the pre-prazosin level, regional subendocardial blood flow improved to 0.60 ml/min/g and systolic wall thickening in the post-stenotic region increased modestly to 10.2%. No changes in blood flow to the outer portion of the post-stenotic region or the remote control region were seen, and prazosin caused no effect on regional function in the control area, indicating effective blockade of prejunctional effects of prazosin (demonstrated in pilot studies). The finding that blockade of α1-adrenoceptors resulted in improved ischemic zone subendocardial blood flow and contractile function are consistent with α1-adrenoceptor-mediated reduction of blood flow to the ischemic subendocardium during exercise-induced ischemia in dogs with β-blockade.
Characterization of macrocellular PCS propagation channels in the 1850-1990 MHz band

Wideband propagation measurements for Personal Communication Services (PCS) were taken in the 1850-1990 MHz band in three different outdoor macrocellular (cell radii of 5 km) environments: flat rural, hilly rural, and urban high-rise. The data were analyzed to provide in description of the statistical behavior of the impulse responses in each cell. This analysis included RMS delay spread statistics, multipath power statistics, number of paths and path arrival time statistics, and effects of spatial diversity. The number of paths and path arrival time statistics provide particularly useful information in the design of tapped delay line models of the radio channel for PCS applications. >
You Can't Always Get What You Want: Why Foreign-Imposed Regime Change Seldom Improves Interstate Relations

States frequently employ overt and covert foreign-imposed regime change (FIRC) to pursue their foreign policy interests. Yet there is little scholarship on the question of whether FIRCs improve rel...
Family financial roles assumed by sex trafficking survivors upon community re-entry: Findings from a financial diaries study in the Philippines

ABSTRACTPeople who have been trafficked often face substantial financial challenges upon exiting human trafficking and re-entering the community. This article presents findings from a 6-month financial diaries study with the households of 30 women in Cebu City, Philippines, who were trafficked into sex work. Data from 352 interviews with sex trafficking survivors and their family members were utilized to explore the roles that trafficking survivors played in promoting the economic well-being of their families upon community re-entry, as well as the challenges they faced in fulfilling these roles. Findings revealed that women who were trafficked balanced multiple roles in their families—including that of income earner, household financial manager, and financial providers for the extended family. Survivors’ limited access to employment was a key barrier that impeded their ability to achieve financial stability for themselves, their children, parents, and other family members. The employment status of traffi...
Turbulence Effect on Wall Pressure Fluctuations

Oncoming turbulence plays a prime role in determining the pressure fluctuation on the upwind face of a structure. Along this face a forward stagnation highly turbulent three-dimensional boundary layer, i.e., a forward wake-like flow, develops. The turbulence, which can markedly amplify through the stretching of cross vorticity, includes a vortex flow pattern near the wall. These vortices impart their energy directly to the wall pressure fluctuations. This is substantiated by the observed consistent, remarkably similar variation of wall pressure fluctuations power spectra and turbulence-energy spectra upstream of the windward wall. The transfer of energy is affected by turbulence-turbulence and turbulence-mean shear interaction mechanisms. Wall pressure fluctuations are particularly dependent upon large-scale turbulence characteristic of forward stagnation flow.
New Technologies and Old Professional Development: A Reflection on Emerging Approaches

Applying old rationale, content, and processes from traditional professional development in today’s technology-enhanced teaching and learning environments can be problematic. This paper reviews new forms of professional development that emerge from the digitally connected environments with the intention to inspire reflective thoughts about effective, quality teacher professional development by the key indicators, and characteristics discussed in the literature. The reflection on emerging approaches to professional learning may also inspire a conversation about future pedagogical changes and innovations.
Not a Scarce Natural Resource: Alternatives to Spectrum-Think

Spectrum policy is in a rut, and so is spectrum policy research. To extricate ourselves, we need to dig into the language that underlies the practice. “Spectrum” is a common term used to describe the wireless ecosystem. However, the term has never had a single, clear meaning. We investigate how the terms used in wireless policy have changed over the 20th century by examining U.S. legislative history. Early discussion focused on radio operations rather than spectrum, and spectrum — when used — denoted frequencies rather than a resource that operators used to provide radio services. Subsequently, the word spectrum gained popularity. Today, spectrum is commonly said to be a scarce natural resource. We show that the scarce natural resource analogy — while providing some insight into wireless policy questions — fails to adequately convey the dynamics of radio operation. When viewing spectrum this way, the regulator or operator may fail to see future conflicts, and be blindsided by harms that could have otherwise been prevented. We test our claim that the way wireless policy is framed affects regulatory oversight by examining three case studies: the unexpected interference to public safety in 800 MHz when cellular operation was introduced; the shift from out-of-band emissions to adjacent band interference concerns in the GPS/LightSquared case; and interference with Sirius XM reception due to T-Mobile transmissions in other bands. We conclude that broadening the wireless policy discourse to include radio operation can help regulators craft better rules and anticipate harms that might otherwise be missed.
Chryseobacterium and related genera infections

Chryseobacterium and related genera consist of bacteria previously classified in the genus Flavobacterium . All are gram-negative aerobic nonfermenting bacilli. The genus Flavobacterium, as it is currently defined, contains no pathogenic species. The former flavobacteria-like organisms that are potential human pathogens include those currently classified in the genera Chryseobacterium, Elizabethkingia, Myroides, Empedobacter , and Sphingobacterium . These are rare opportunistic pathogens of low virulence that may occasionally be involved in severe infections. Elizabethkingia meningoseptica , formerly Chryseobacterium meningosepticum, is the most important pathogen, particularly in neonatal meningitis. Infection is typically from an environmental source.
Inguinal and Pelvic Lymphadenectomy (Superficial and Deep Groin Dissection)

Inguinal and pelvic lymphadenectomy (also known as superficial and deep groin dissection) is performed for patients with regional melanoma or carcinoma nodal metastasis to the groin. This chapter lists the indications, essential steps, common technical variations, and complications of the procedure. A detailed template operative dictation note is included.
The Central Limit Theorem

If one observes—via a high-power microscope—an equilibrium suspension or solution of nanometer-to-micron scale particles, one finds that the particles do not remain stationary. Instead, the particles perform an irregular jittering motion. Over long periods of time, this motion allows the particles to translate through large distances. The irregular jittering is named Brownian motion in honor of Robert Brown, an English clergyman who in the nineteenth century was the first to report [1] this motion and describe its properties.
Zur Bedeutung der Fichte in Nordamerika

Von den sieben in Nordamerika einheimischen Arten der GattungPicea besitzenPicea mariana undPicea glauca eine transkontinentale Verbreitung. Das Verbreitungsgebiet vonPicea rubens ist auf den Nordosten des Kontinents beschra.nkt. Gemeinsam mitAbtes balsamea bilden diese drei Arten blischwalder des Tannen-Fichten-Typs, die haupts:ichlich yon der Paplerindustrie genutzt werden. Au~ bes~eren Standorten liegt der durchschnittliche jahrliche Zuwachs zwischen 2,7 und 3,5 Vfm/ha, bet Umwiebszeiten zwischen 50 und 100 Jahren. Je nachPicea-Art werden dabei Brusthohendurchmesser von 30-50 cm bet Hohen yon 20-28 m erreicht. Die Nutzung geschieht sowohl im Plenter- als auch im Kahlseh!agbetrieb. Bei den vier im Westen des Kontinents vorkommendenPicea-Arten sindPicea breweriana undPicea pun-gens wirtschaftlich bedeutungsvoll.Picea sitchensis und vor allemPicea engelmannii dagegen haben aufgrund grosen flachenhaften Vorkommens hohe wirtschaftliche Bedeunmg. Das Verbretungsgebiet belder Arten erstreckt sich yon Kalifornien his nach Alaska, wobeiPicea sitchensis nur in maritimem Klima vorkommt.Picea engelmannii tritt auch auf trockenen Srandorten auf. Beide Arten slnd mlt anderen Baumarten vergesell-schaftet,Picea sitchensis vor allem mitTsuga heterophylla,Picea engelmannii mitAbies lasiocarpa. Die mittlere Oberhohe scbwankt beiPicea sitchensis zwischen 33 und 61 Meter, belPicea engelmannii zwischen 12 und 36,5 Meter. FurPicea sitchensis ist ein periodischer Zuwachs (5 Jahre) von bis zu 20,5 m3/ha bekannt. Der Zuwachs und die Oberhohe nehmen mit hoheren Breitengraden nach A!aska hin im allgemeinen ab. Die Umtriebszei-ten reichen yon 40 bis 100 Jahren, wobei die Bestande hauptsachlich im Schmuschlagverfahren genutzr wer-den. Fur die gesamten Fichtenwaldfl~ichen der USA ergibt slch dne Flache yon 20,5 Mio. ha, was 10,5 % der gesamten Wirtschaftswaldf[?.iche der USA darstellt. Der Vorrat betragt mit nahezu 1,3 Milliarden Vfm rd. 10 % der gesamten Vorrate des Nadelwaides der USA. Aus diesen Zahlen last, sich erkennen, das die Fichtenarten fur die Forstwirtschaft in den USA eine wich-tige Rolle spielen.
Intravenous Fluid Administration

This chapter highlights several considerations in the use of intravenous (IV) fluids in the geriatric patient, specifically sodium and water. It emphasizes that these key elements of routine intravenous fluid orders are also body nutrients, required in limits to avoid the adverse consequences of either excess or deficit. A review of basic sodium and water distribution, regulation, and excretion is provided. The sodium content of various salt-containing fluids and supplements is presented as well as general principles underlying sodium administration. The goal of intravenous fluid administration is to carefully achieve and maintain a euvolemic and isotonic environment within the body as well as to provide for a variety of nutritional and pharmacologic interventions. The selection of an appropriate IV solution is dependent upon the fluid volume and electrolyte status of the individual patient as well as any additional specific therapeutic goals.
P109 Preliminary identification of immune cells in the perfusate of renal allografts undergoing hypothermic machine perfusion

Aim Renal allografts stored with hypothermic machine perfusion (HPM) have improved outcomes compared to static methods. Passenger immune cells from the allograft have been implicated in acute rejection; improved outcomes with HPM may be due to cell removal by the pump. This study aimed to identify passenger immune cells present in the perfusate of HPM-preserved allografts. Once characterized, future strategies to suppress these cells may prevent acute rejection and improve graft survival. Methods All kidneys placed on HPM prior to transplant from May 2016 to August 2017 were eligible. Perfusate fluid was analyzed using flow cytometry for immune cells and information about the donors was collected. Wilcoxon Scores and Spearman Correlation Coefficient were used in statistical analysis. Results Twenty-seven perfusate specimens were analyzed. Selected donor characteristics: 63.6% male, 36.4% female; 63.6% donation after cardiac death; 54.5% pre-procurement transfusion. The mean HPM and cold ischemia times (CIT) were 9.9 h and 13.9 h respectively, and mean KDPI 36%. Flow cytometry showed a heterogeneous mix of immune cell types in the perfusate, similar to blood. CD15+ granulocytes, CD14+ monocytes, and CD8+ T cells were predominant in the perfusate. Dendritic and natural killer (NK) cells in perfusate were more abundant compared to blood. Conclusions Passenger immune cells, specifically dendritic cells have been implicated in acute rejection. This study showed the perfusate of renal allografts contains an array of immune cells, with a significantly higher percentage of dendritic cells and NK cells, as compared to blood. Future studies would show if HPM removal of these immune cells accounts for improved outcomes. ∗Frequencies of Cell Types in Human Peripheral Blood, www.stemcell.com .
JARID2 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor in Myeloid Neoplasms by Repressing Self-Renewal in Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells

Summary How specific genetic lesions contribute to transformation of non-malignant myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) are poorly understood. JARID2 is lost by chromosomal deletions in a proportion of MPN/MDS cases that progress to sAML. In this study, genetic mouse models and patient-derived xenografts demonstrated that JARID2 acts as a tumor suppressor in chronic myeloid disorders. Genetic deletion of Jarid2 either reduced overall survival of animals with MPNs or drove transformation to sAML, depending on the timing and context of co-operating mutations. Mechanistically, JARID2 recruits PRC2 to epigenetically repress self-renewal pathways in hematopoietic progenitor cells. These studies establish JARID2 as a bona fide hematopoietic tumor suppressor and highlight potential therapeutic targets.
A recursive partitioning approach for subgroup identification in brain-behaviour correlation analysis

In neural correlates studies, the goal is to understand the brain–behaviour relationship characterized by correlation between brain activation responses and human behaviour measures. Such correlation depends on subject-related covariates such as age and gender, so it is necessary to identify subgroups within the population that have different brain–behaviour correlations. The subgrouping is made by manual specification in current practice, which is inefficient and may ignore potential covariates whose effects are unknown in the literature. This study proposes a recursive partitioning approach, called correlation tree, for automatic subgroup identification in brain–behaviour correlation analysis. In constructing a correlation tree, the split variable at each node is selected through an unbiased variable selection method based on partial correlation test, and then, the optimal cutpoint of the selected split variable is determined through exhaustive search under an objective function. Three types of meaningful objective functions are considered to meet various practical needs. Results of simulation and application to real data from optical brain imaging demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed approach.