cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The function and distinctive regulation of the integrin VLA-3 in cell adhesion, spreading, and homotypic cell aggregation

To assess directly the functional role of the integrin VLA-3 (alpha 3 beta 1), we transfected human alpha 3 cDNA into erythroleukemia (K562) cells and rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. The resulting transfectants (KA3 and RA3) expressed alpha 3 beta 1 on the cell surface as confirmed using a panel of nine anti-alpha 3 monoclonal antibodies. Neither of the transfected cells exhibited increased adhesion to the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, laminin, and collagen. However, the KA3 transfectants did bind strongly to the extracellular matrix deposited by epidermal and carcinoma cell lines, allowing the cells to attach and spread. Binding to this cell-deposited ligand, probably containing epiligrin/kalinin, was specific to VLA-3 and could be inhibited by anti-alpha 3 antibodies and by EDTA, but not by RGD peptides. In marked contrast to other integrins (VLA-2 and VLA-4), VLA-3 showed high constitutive activity in K562 cells, but was minimally active in RD cells. Also contrasting with other beta 1 integrins, VLA-3 was minimally stimulated by the anti-beta 1 monoclonal antibody TS/216 under normal conditions. VLA-3-mediated adhesive function was well supported by either Mg2+ or Mn2+, but was almost completely abolished by the presence of 1 mM Ca2+. Surprisingly, this negative Ca2+ effect was completely overcome by the addition of the stimulatory anti-beta 1 monoclonal antibody TS2/16. Together, these results point to markedly distinct regulation for VLA-3 function compared to other beta 1 integrins. Also, all anti-VLA-3 antibodies were able to induce temperature-dependent homotypic cell aggregation of KA3 cells, but not K562 cells. However, this aggregation did not appear to be directly mediated by VLA-3 since it was not inhibited by EDTA. In addition, no enhancement of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion was observed in alpha 3-transfected cells.
Numerical studies of transient opposed-flow flames using adaptive time integration

Numerical simulations of unsteady opposed-flow flames are performed using an adaptive time integration method designed for differential-algebraic systems. The compressibility effect is considered in deriving the system of equations, such that the numerical difficulties associated with a high-index system are alleviated. The numerical method is implemented for systems with detailed chemical mechanisms and transport properties by utilizing the Chemkin software. Two test simulations are performeds hydrogen/air diffusion flames with an oscillatory strain rate and transient ignition of methane against heated air. Both results show that the rapid transient behavior is successfully captured by the numerical method.
Multi-spectral imaging for determining end-point of photothermal damage of tissue

Multi-spectral imaging (MSI) and its analysis methods were investigated to determine end-point of photothermal damage of tissue. MSI revealed denatured porcine tissue after irradiation of laser with irradiance lower than photothermal damage threshold.
Rawls, tolerancia internacional y las modernidades alternativas

Aquest article analitza els problemes de la transicio des d'un modus vivendi fins a una concepcio moral de la tolerancia liberal i la seva extensio a l'ambit internacional en l'obra de John Rawls. Per a aixo partim dels problemes conceptuals implicits en l'experiencia de la Reforma europea com esdeveniment inspirador del liberalisme politic i analitzem el seu desenvolupament i acomodacio a un context globalitzat contemporani. Prestem especial atencio als problemes que es plantegen en les societats liberals pel que fa al compromis amb els moviments de dissidencia transformadors dins de les jerarquies consultives i les demandes de reconeixement tolerant igualitari d'aquestes societats no liberals. Defensem que es possible una lectura alternativa dins d'aquest marc. Aquesta ens permet explorar el potencial d'evolucio reflexiva de la Societat dels Pobles com a utopia realista. Si les societats tradicionals tenen la capacitat de desenvolupar «adaptacions creatives» modernitzadores (modernitats alternatives) es donarien les condicions realistes per a una estructura basica global mes densa, un major nivell de cooperacio internacional i vies d'institucionalitzacio de drets individuals.
Unfinished Business: Racial Junctures in Us History and Their Legacy

This essay traces the 17th century creation of race-based slavery in the North American English colonies, its 18th century entrenchment in the U.S. Constitution and subsequent public policy, the aborted post-Civil War “reconstruction” of the former slave states, followed by the development of Jim Crow, a system as close to chattel slavery as federal policy allowed, and the 20th century commitment to civil rights. History reveals that race relations were fluid in the early colonies, that racial stratification was not predetermined, and that racist policies developed when decision-makers were aware of more egalitarian alternatives. Recent substantive civil rights reforms now appear irreversible, but public policy leaves largely undisturbed the persisting legacy of racial subordination, which defeats our ideal of equal opportunity and presents a radical challenge to people of good will.
SEC Revanchism and the Expansion of Primary Liability Under Section 17(a) and Rule 10b-5

An important issue in many enforcement cases brought by the Securities and Exchange Commission is the scope of primary liability under the two main anti-fraud provisions, Section 17(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 10b-5 of the Exchange Act. In Flannery, which was an administrative enforcement case, a bare majority of SEC Commissioners adopted broad positions on primary liability under Rule 10b-5(a) and (c) and Section 17(a)(1), (2), and (3). The Commission not only advanced expansive legal conclusions, but it also insisted that the courts accept the agency’s legal interpretations as controlling.This article discusses two issues that Flannery raises, both of them related to the role of administrative agencies in the development, enforcement, and adjudication of federal law. First, the article compares the Commission’s interpretations of the parts of Section 17(a) and Rule 10b-5 with the reasoning and analysis of a series of prominent Supreme Court decisions that imposed meaningful boundaries around aspects of primary liability under Rule 10b-5. That comparison shows that much about Flannery is not consistent with, and is antagonistic to, the Supreme Court’s decisions in Central Bank, Stoneridge, and Janus.Second, the article evaluates Flannery’s explicit demand for Chevron deference and concludes that a reviewing court would have doctrinal and precedential grounds for refusing to accept the Flannery positions as controlling. The reasons start with the text of the provision of the Administrative Procedure Act governing judicial review of agency actions and also cover the actual practice of the Supreme Court and courts of appeals when they review a legal conclusion in an agency adjudication. The precedents identify good reasons for not granting Chevron deference to Flannery. Giving controlling effect to the SEC’s decision would allow the agency both to avoid the teachings of leading Supreme Court authorities and to trump the Supreme Court and other federal courts on significant matters of statutory interpretation.
Stability of injectable medications after reconstitution

The stability of injectable medications after reconstitution is presented. The following information about each drug is given in tabular format: drug to be reconstituted and size of package; recommended route(s) of administration; recommended diluent, quantity to be used and resultant concentration; stability after initial dilution; and stability after further dilution; and stability of frozen antibiotics.
Intracardiac M-mode echocardiography for continuous left ventricular monitoring: method and potential application.

Because no accurate and readily applied method exists for continuous recording of left ventricular cavity dimensions and wall motion in man, we designed a catheter-mounted echocardiographic probe. The purpose of this report is to describe the instrumentation, technique, limitations, complications and preliminary observations employing the probe in humans. The echo transducer built into a cardiac catheter allowed positioning in the right heart under fluoroscopy. The echo signals permitted continuous left ventricular cavity measurements at rest and during maneuvers. Our results suggest that intracardiac echo may be able to provide clear definition of motion patterns of the mitral valve and left ventricular walls. The ultrasonic catheter is an instrument that potentially offers a new technique for continuous monitoring of left ventricular size and motion.
Mutant mice reveal the molecular and cellular basis for specific sensory connections to inner ear epithelia and primary nuclei of the brain.

We review the in vivo evidence for afferent fiber guidance to the inner ear sensory epithelia and the central nuclei of termination. Specifically, we highlight our current molecular understanding for the role of hair cells and sensory epithelia in guiding afferents, how disruption of certain signals can alter fiber pathways, even in the presence of normal hair cells, and what role neurotrophins play in fiber guidance of sensory neurons to hair cells. The data suggest that the neurotrophin BDNF is the most important molecule known for inner ear afferent fiber guidance to hair cells in vivo. This suggestion is based on experiments on Ntf3 transgenic mice expressing BDNF under Ntf3 promoter that show deviations of fiber growth in the ear to areas that express BDNF but have no hair cells. However, fiber growth can occur in the absence of BDNF as demonstrated by double mutants for BDNF and Bax. We directly tested the significance of hair cells or sensory epithelia for fiber guidance in mutants that lose hair cells (Pou4f3) or do not form a posterior crista (Fgf10). While these data emphasize the role played by BDNF, normally released from hair cells, there is some limited capacity for directed growth even in the absence of hair cells, BDNF, or sensory epithelia. This directed growth may rely on semaphorins or other matrix proteins because targeted ablation of the sema3 docking site on the sema receptor Npn1 results in targeting errors of fibers even in the presence of hair cells and BDNF. Overall, our data support the notion that targeting of the afferent processes in the ear is molecularly distinct from targeting processes in the central nuclei. This conclusion is derived from data that show no recognizable central projection deviation, even if fibers are massively rerouted in the periphery, as in Ntf3tgBDNF mice in which vestibular fibers project to the cochlea.
Diurnal Lightning Variability over the Maritime Continent: Impact of Low-Level Winds, Cloudiness, and the MJO

AbstractLightning over the Maritime Continent exhibits a pronounced diurnal cycle. Daytime and evening lightning occurs near coastlines and over mountain slopes, driven by sea and valley breezes. Nocturnal and morning thunderstorms are touched off where land breezes or mountain breezes converge or by gravity waves propagating away from regions of vigorous afternoon convection. In this study, the modulation of the diurnal cycle of lightning and precipitation by 850-hPa winds, cloudiness, and the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is investigated using observations from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. The 850-hPa wind speed and area-averaged cloudiness are shown to be negatively correlated with day-to-day lightning frequency over land, and thunderstorm occurrence is suppressed windward of, and enhanced leeward of, mountain ranges. Lightning and environmental conditions are similarly related in the MJO. During break periods, the reg...
Inhibition of thigmostimulated cell differentiation with RGD-peptides in Uromyces germlings

Germlings of the plant pathogenic fungusUromyces appendiculatus sense and respond to topographical signals of various substrata by undergoing a cell differentiation process that culminates in a structure termed an appressorium. In some cell systems, recognition and mediation of extracellular signals is via transmembrane glycoproteins known as integrins that often exhibit specific affinities to the tripeptide sequence Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) found in several extracellular matrix components. Germlings grown on substrata inductive for appressorium formation in the presence of buffered synthetic peptides containing the amino acid sequence RGD, e.g., RGD, RGDS, GRGD, and GRGDGSPK (0.5–2.0 mM), were inhibited from developing appressoria. Two non-RGD peptides (GGGG and RGES) as well as two RGD peptides (GRGDS and RGDSPASSKP) did not inhibit appressorium formation. Germling growth was not significantly affected by any of the peptides. Furthermore, 0.5 μm diameter micropipettes that are normally inductive for appressorium formation when positioned between the germling apex and the substratum did not induce appressorium formation when coated with the RGD peptide. Silanized micropipettes left uncoated or coated with RGES were inductive for appressorium formation. Those observations lead to the hypothesis that an integrin-like protein may be involved in the process of signaling for initiation of appressorium formation inUromyces. An RGDSPC-affinity column was used to isolate proteins fromUromyces germlings with affinity to the RGD sequence. Elution with RGD or EDTA, but not with RGES, yielded at least 12 proteins of which one protein (95 kDa) expressed affinity on immunoblots to two different antibodies of β1-integrin; one to the carboxyl-terminus of a synthetic peptide of integrin from chicken, and the other from the amino terminus of integrin from human placenta.
Why Do Bond and Stock Prices and Trading Volume Change around Credit Rating Announcements

It has been well documented that stock prices, bond prices, and trading volume significantly fluctuate around credit rating announcements. Existing literature suggests three alternative theories to rationalize these phenomena. Yet each competing premise can explain only a piece of the puzzle. This study contests these theories and presents a substitute behavioral approach. Our setting leads to a complete and better explanation of the increased trading volume prerating announcement, the significant price movements post-credit announcements, the larger loss post downgrade for low credit categories versus high credit grades, and the stronger loss post downgrade versus gain post upgrade.
Young donor health and safety: are we doing enough?

In some countries, blood collection is permitted from donors as young as 16 years of age. Young donors represent a unique challenge for blood collection organizations as they must balance their need for these donors against protecting the health and safety of this potentially vulnerable donor population. As young donors have become increasingly important to ensuring the adequacy of the blood supply, donor haemovigilance programmes found that they were disproportionally affected by adverse blood donation reactions. These findings served as the impetus for many blood collection organizations to implement interventions to reduce donor reaction rates in the younger age groups. While blood collectors have made great strides in reducing the rates of immediate adverse reactions of blood donation, less attention has been paid to possible long-term consequences of iron deficiency. With increased reliance on young donors to provide a significant part of the blood supply, it is of the utmost importance that these donors have a good experience when they donate blood and do not suffer any adverse health and safety effects from their altruistic act. Adverse donor reactions and iron deficiency still pose threats to the health and safety of young donors. Continued research is needed in both of these areas to adequately protect young donors.
ETHNIC ATTITUDES AND THE ACQUISITION OF SPANISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE1

A cloze test of Spanish proficiency and a questionnaire dealing with linguistic and general ethnic attitudes were administered to 116 students in their third semester of Spanish at the University of New Mexico. Although the study was relatively unsuccessful in predicting second-language proficiency from attitudinal data, there was sufficient evidence to suggest that a positive orientation toward the local Chicano community was not a prerequisite for the successful acquisition of Spanish. The factorial structure of the linguistic and ethnic attitudes was also examined and comparable clusters of motivational, general attitudinal, and commitment items were obtained for the Anglo and Spanish-background students in the sample.
Switch of rhodopsin expression in terminally differentiated Drosophila sensory neurons

Specificity of sensory neurons requires restricted expression of one sensory receptor gene and the exclusion of all others within a given cell. In the Drosophila retina, functional identity of photoreceptors depends on light-sensitive Rhodopsins (Rhs). The much simpler larval eye (Bolwig organ) is composed of about 12 photoreceptors, eight of which are green-sensitive (Rh6) and four blue-sensitive (Rh5). The larval eye becomes the adult extraretinal 'eyelet' composed of four green-sensitive (Rh6) photoreceptors. Here we show that, during metamorphosis, all Rh6 photoreceptors die, whereas the Rh5 photoreceptors switch fate by turning off Rh5 and then turning on Rh6 expression. This switch occurs without apparent changes in the programme of transcription factors that specify larval photoreceptor subtypes. We also show that the transcription factor Senseless (Sens) mediates the very different cellular behaviours of Rh5 and Rh6 photoreceptors. Sens is restricted to Rh5 photoreceptors and must be excluded from Rh6 photoreceptors to allow them to die at metamorphosis. Finally, we show that Ecdysone receptor (EcR) functions autonomously both for the death of larval Rh6 photoreceptors and for the sensory switch of Rh5 photoreceptors to express Rh6. This fate switch of functioning, terminally differentiated neurons provides a novel, unexpected example of hard-wired sensory plasticity.
A reference tristimulus colorimeter

A reference tristimulus colorimeter has been developed at NIST with a transmission-type silicon trap detector (1) and four temperature-controlled filter packages to realize the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) x(λ), y(λ) and z(λ) color matching functions (2). Instead of lamp standards, high accuracy detector standards are used for the colorimeter calibration. A detector-based calibration procedure is being suggested for tristimulus colorimeters wehre the absolute spectral responsivity of the tristimulus channels is determined. Then, color (spectral) correct and peak (amplitude) normalization are applied to minimize uncertainties caused by the imperfect realizations of the CIE functions. As a result of the corrections, the chromaticity coordinates of stable light sources with different spectral power distributions can be measured with uncertainties less than 0.0005 (k=1).
Characterization of a small apolar anion binding site of human serum albumin.

Abstract Small unbranehed fatty acid anions inhibit the fast reaction between p-nitrophenylacetate and human serum albumin. Plots of reactivity versus fatty acid anion-albumin ratios resemble simple binding isotherms from which corresponding dissociation constants have been calculated. For the homologous fatty acid anions, butyrate through decanoate, dissociation constants decrease from 3.2 × 10−4 to 1 × 10−7 m , respectively, by uniform increments per methylene group according to the relationship −ΔG °(kcal) = 0.804n + 2.30, where n is the number of constituent methylene groups. Small fatty acid anions thus appear to interact primarily with a single, relatively uniform apolar binding site with a capacity sufficient for nine methylene groups. Fatty acid anions larger than decanoate interact significantly with other sites and do not obey the same relationship. The reactivity of diluted human serum with p-nitrophenylacetate was found to be one-third to one-half of that expected for its content of serum albumin, but as in vitro, it could be completely inhibited by small amounts of decanoate.
Influence of Role-Switching on Phonetic Convergence in Conversation

The current study examined phonetic convergence when talkers alternated roles during conversational interaction. The talkers completed a map navigation task in which they alternated instruction Giver and Receiver roles across multiple map pairs. Previous studies found robust effects of the role of a talker on phonetic convergence, and it was hypothesized that role-switching would either reduce the impact of role or elicit alternating patterns of role-induced conversational dominance and accommodation. In contrast to the hypothesis, the initial role assignments induced a pattern of conversational dominance that persisted throughout the interaction in terms of the amount of time spent talking—Original Givers dominated amount of time talking consistently, even when they acted as Receivers. These results indicate that conversational dominance does not necessarily follow nominal role when roles alternate, and that talkers are influenced by initial role assignment when making acoustic–phonetic adjustments in th...
Thyrotropin-Induced Hyperthyroidism. A four years follow up study in a 10 year old girl with goiter

At the age of 6 the girl presented a small goitre without clinical signs of hyperthyroidism but T4 and T3 and also TSH were elevated. She was treated with exogenous thyroid hormones for one year. We observed total suppression of TSH but T4 and T3 levels became even more elevated and signs of hyperthyroidism appeared. During next 3 years without treatment with thyroid hormones T4, T3 and basal TSH were still elevated and the response of TSH to TRH stimulation increased to the hypothyroid range. Acceleration of bone age and Growth velocity confirmed hyperthyroidism.The sise of goitre did'nt change.The HGH after insuline induced hypoglycemia, cortisol,PRL after TRH, LH and FSH after LHRH stimulation were all in normal range. Skull Rtg was normal.
Simulation study of characteristics of statistical estimators of inhibition concentration

Statistical estimators of the concentrations associated with specified levels of reproductive toxicity in the aquatic organism Ceriodaphnia dubia are presented and compared. The first estimator, the ICp or inhibition concentration approach, was based on a nonparametric estimation routine that assumed responses monotonically declined with increasing concentrations. This estimator also assumed that linear interpolation between mean responses associated with consecutive concentration groups was reasonable. The second estimator, the RIp or reproductive inhibition concentration approach, was based on a parametric concentration-response model. This model assumed that the number of young is a Poisson or negative, binomially distributed, random variable, and that the mean number of young could be modeled using an exponential term involving a polynomial in the test concentrations. Confidence intervals for both these estimators were obtained using variants of a bootstrap resampling procedure. The properties of these estimators, namely bias, mean squared error, and coverage probabilities, were compared in a Monte Carlo simulation study. The results from this study suggested that over a broad range of realistic conditions, the confidence intervals associated with the ICp estimator failed to maintain nominal coverage probabilities, whereas the confidence intervals associated with the RIp estimator performed as nominally stated under most conditions. Finally, correct specification of the model concentration-response pattern was observed to be important for estimating inhibition concentrations with small bias and variability.
Genetic variability in deep-sea echinoderms

Abstract The electrophoretic mobility of enzymes in polyacrylamide gels was used a measure of genetic variability in deep-sea echinoderms. Both variable and monomorphic species were found. The levels of polymorphism and heterozygosity were similar to those of species living in shallow-water and terrestrial environments, evidence that these are unrelated to climatic stability. We propose that polymorphism is more probably related to the intensity of selection pressures and a reflection of biological fluctuations. A tendency toward a deficiency of heterozygotes from the number expected in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium suggests that populations of the ophiuroid Ophiomusium lymani may be genetically isolated.
Occupational causes of constrictive bronchiolitis.

Purpose of review New literature from 2009 to 2012 regarding occupational constrictive bronchiolitis challenges textbook descriptions of this disease, formerly thought to be limited to fixed airflow limitation arising in the wake of accidental overexposure to noxious chemicals. Indolent evolution of dyspnea without a recognized hazardous exposure is a more common presentation.
Quality of life in allergic rhinitis.

Objective This review will furnish the reader current information on the importance of quality of life evaluation in patients suffering from allergic rhinitis, the different types of quality of life instruments used, and how they can be used in judging different pharmaceutical therapies. Data sources Computer-assisted MEDLINE searches for articles assessing "quality of life" and "outcomes" in rhinitis. Also MEDLINE searches evaluating health-related quality of life in relationship to different pharmacologic treatments in allergic rhinitis. Study Selections Pertinent abstracts and articles in two broad areas were selected. The first groups were articles in the fields of outcomes, quality of life, allergic rhinitis, and its relationship to health-related quality of life. The second group of articles evaluated different pharmacologic agents' effect on the health-related quality of life of rhinitis patients. Both sets of articles were critically analyzed with important representative studies selected for this review. Results Health-related quality of life of patients with allergic rhinitis is impaired as measured by both generic and specific health-related quality of life instruments. Use of second generation antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, and intranasal ipratropium bromide have been shown to improve the health-related quality of life of sufferers of allergic rhinitis. Conclusions The measuring of health-related quality of life is assuming a primary position in outcomes analysis in the patient with allergic rhinitis. Studies have documented the validity of using generic and specific health-related quality of life instruments in allergic rhinitis. Each type has its own weaknesses and strengths that the user needs to appreciate. Appraising the role of different pharmacologic agents in allergic rhinitis in improving the patient's quality of life is an important part of proving the medication's worth to the health care community.
An experimental aortic valve.

SummaryA method has been described for experimental production of an aortic flutter valve. Evidence of competency of the valve has been obtained in 6 animals by means of direct arterial pressure recordings above and below the valve in association with avulsion of the cardiac aortic valve.
Sensitivity of branch selection in nonequilibrium systems

Abstract A study of the branch selection process for the case of the general cubic in the presence of both additive and multiplicative noise is studied. If the bifurcation parameter passes slowly through the bifurcation point the system shows almost the same sensitivity as a system with no quadratic term.
Effects of habitat, microsite and seed density on recruitment limitation in native scrubland and scrub undergoing restoration

Recruitment influences population and community dynamics by determining the replacement of older individuals, decreasing population expansion and reducing/excluding a species from a community. There is insufficient information on the relative importance of mechanisms affecting seed availability and how interactions between recruitment limitation, other life history stages and environmental variables affect plant demography. Seed availability is pertinent to restoration projects, in which the establishment of native plant populations is a priority. We hypothesize that seed and seedling dynamics are affected by seed production, predation, and microsite characteristics, which may differ among habitats with different human disturbance. We compared seed production, and will evaluate seed predation and seedling establishment of two opportunistic native herb species (Chamaecrista fasciculata, Balduina angustifolia) in disturbed scrub and native rosemary scrub. We predicted that these species would have higher seed production and seedling establishment in the disturbed scrub, and that seed removal may differ in the two areas due to contrasting suites of animal species. We expect seed density to further influence the extent of animal-mediated seed removal and germination success. B. angustifolia was found to produce significantly more seed heads in disturbed scrub than in native scrub, while there was no significant difference in C. fasciculata seed pod production between the habitat types. Preliminary evidence indicated that seedling number increases with seed density. However, lower observed germination probabilities compared to expected estimates (binomial probabilities) in locations with > 7 seeds suggested increasing density dependence with seed density for C. fasciculata. Germination for this species was not significantly different between habitats in our precursory trial. Our work suggests that seed dynamics affect population persistence and should be considered during management of Florida scrub.
Modification of the catalytic properties of sulfated zirconia by addition of metal promoters

We have studied the effects of promoting sulfated zirconia catalysts by addition of transition metals. We have found that the addition of Ni causes an activity enhancement comparable to that caused by the addition of Fe and Mn. The TPD/DRIFTS results show that the catalytic activity does not correlate with either Bronsted or Lewis acidity. The high isomerization activity of these catalysts is explained in terms of a bifunctional mechanism in which the metal promoters are responsible for an enhancement in the surface concentration of olefins rather than an enhanced acidity.
Relaxation and Polarization Effects in Photodetachment of the Negative Iodide Ion

Photodetachment cross sections have been calculated for the $5p,$ $4d,$ and $4p$ subshells of the negative iodide ion, ${\mathrm{I}}^{\ensuremath{-}},$ in the relativistic random-phase approximation (RRPA) and modifications of the RRPA that allow for the inclusion of relaxation and core-polarization effects. Total and partial photodetachment cross sections are compared with experimental measurements to gauge the effectiveness of the various approximations. Branching ratios and photoelectron angular-distribution asymmetry parameters are also presented. Core-polarization effects are found to partially cancel relaxation effects.
Learned helplessness increases 5-hydroxytryptamine1B receptor mRNA levels in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus.

Learned helplessness is a behavioral condition induced by exposure to inescapable stress that models aspects of stress-related disorders including depression and posttraumatic stress disorder, and has been associated with diminished serotonin release in the rat frontal cortex. Our hypothesis was that presynaptic 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B (5-HT 1B ) receptors, which inhibit the synthesis and release of serotonin in nerve terminals, may be increased in learned helplessness. Postsynaptic 5-HT 1B mRNA hybridization levels in the hippocampus or frontal cortex were unchanged following induction of learned helplessness; however, presynaptic 5-HT 1B mRNA hybridization signal in the dorsal raphe nucleus of helpless rats was 25% higher than control values. There was no change in dorsal raphe serotonin transporter mRNA level. The detection of increased 5-HT 1B mRNA levels in the dorsal raphe nucleus suggests an increased capacity to synthesize presynaptic 5-HT 1B receptors and could account for diminished serotonin neurotransmission in learned helplessness.
Maximum zero strings of Bell numbers modulo primes

Abstract For any prime p, the sequence of Bell exponential numbers Bn is shown to have p − 1 consecutive values congruent to zero (mod p), beginning with Bm, where m ≡ 1 − (p p − 1) (p − 1) 2 ( mod (p p − 1) (p − 1) ). This is an improvement over previous results on the maximal strings of zero residues of the Bell numbers. Similar results are obtained for the sequence of generalized Bell numbers An generated by e −(e x − 1) = Σ n = 0 ∞ A n x n n! .
Increased intraventricular pressure without ventriculomegaly in children with shunts: "normal volume" hydrocephalus.

Five patients with shunt-dependent hydrocephalus were observed to have apparently normal ventricular size despite marked increases in ventricular pressure after shunt malfunction. Elastance (dP/dV) was determined in four of these patients by removing increments of cerebrospinal fluid and measuring t
Design Methodology for the Thermal Packaging of Hybrid Electronic-Mechanical Products: A Case Study on the Berkeley Emulation Engine (BEE)

This paper presents a design methodology for the thermal design and packaging of hybrid electronic-mechanical products. In this work, tight integration between ECAD and MCAD was achieved through the use of a web-based tool used in managing the concurrent designs, called the Domain Unified CAD Environment (DUCADE). This work also reduced the amount of time required for thermal simulation by using a web-based Design of Experiment Testbed (DOET) to systematically determine effects of varying system parameters before full-scale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) thermal modeling was performed. The design process began by proper selection of material, manufacturing process and cooling methods, based on electrical and integrated circuit design. DUCADE was then set up to monitor couplings between the various domains. This was followed by computer-aided-design and computer-aided-engineering of the mechanical package. In computer-aided-engineering, DOET was first used to determine variables that had significant effect on the thermal system response. Detailed CFD thermal simulations were then carried out in FLOTHERM only focusing on variables that the DOET determined to have strong effect. Rapid prototypes were fabricated to refine the design before final production. Each step of the cycle was tested and demonstrated through a case study on the design of the Berkeley Emulation Engine (BEE) which involved multi-disciplinary electrical, mechanical, and thermal design.© 2003 ASME
Thermal conductivity of metal-organic framework 5 (MOF-5): Part I. Molecular dynamics simulations

The phonon thermal conductivity of MOF-5, a metal-organic framework crystal with a phenylene bridge, is predicted between temperatures of 200 K and 400 K using molecular dynamics simulations and the Green–Kubo method. The simulations are performed using interatomic potentials obtained using ab initio calculations and experimental results. The predicted thermal conductivity of MOF-5 is low for a crystal, 0.31 W/m K at a temperature of 300 K, and its temperature dependence is very weak. By decomposing the thermal conductivity into components associated with short- and long-range acoustic phonons, and optical phonons, the weak temperature dependence is found to be related to the mean free path of the majority of phonons, which is of the order of lattice parameter (and is essentially temperature independent). To interpret the results, an analytical thermal conductivity relation is derived, which reduces to the Cahill– Pohl and Slack models under appropriate assumptions. The relation contains a critical frequency, which determines the relative contributions of the short- and long-range acoustic phonons. The small long-range acoustic phonon contribution is found to be related to the long and flexible phenylene bridge, and to the mass mismatch between the cages and the bridges. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Human blood dendritic cells from allergic subjects have impaired capacity to produce interferon‐α via toll‐like receptor 9

Summary Background High-affinity IgE receptor (FcɛRI) expression on blood dendritic cells reportedly correlates with serum IgE levels. Our studies demonstrate that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) following FcɛRI stimulation – a mode of activation that simultaneously reduces expression of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Whether or not TLR9 and/or FcɛRI levels and their function on dendritic cells relate to allergic status is unknown. Objective The aim of this study is to compare the innate (TLR9-mediated) immune response of human pDCs to TLR9 and FcɛRIα receptor expression in allergic and non-allergic subjects. Methods Basophil-depleted mononuclear cell fractions containing pDCs were prepared from peripheral blood of allergic and non-allergic subjects. Intracellular TLR9 and surface FcɛRIα expression in blood dendritic cell antigen-2-positive cells were determined by flow cytometry. Activating anti-IgE antibody, anti-FcɛRIα antibody, and TLR9 agonist were used to stimulate cell suspensions, with cytokine levels determined by ELISA. Results No difference in the frequency of pDCs was detected among allergic (n=9) vs. non-allergic (n=11) subjects (P=0.261). While there was also no difference in the baseline expression of TLR9, pDCs from allergic subjects produced sixfold less IFN-α when stimulated with CpG (P=0.002). Conversely, there was higher FcɛRIα expression (P=0.01) on the pDCs of allergic subjects. Conclusions Impaired TLR9-dependent immune responses in human pDCs are associated with allergic status and inversely correlated with FcɛRIα expression. This impaired innate immune response among dendritic cells of allergic subjects may lead to more targeted therapeutic approaches and could provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying conventional and CpG-based immunotherapy.
Finite Element Simulation of Blade Row Viscous Interactions: Vane Vibratory Stress Prediction

DOI: 10.2514/1.17187 A fluid-structure interaction analysis is developed to study wake-generated turbomachine blade row unsteady aerodynamics and to predict the resulting vibratory stress. This is accomplished by incorporating the Baldwin– Lomax turbulence model into TAM-ALE3D, a 3-D multimaterial finite element code employing an arbitrary LagrangianEuleriansolver.ThisviscousTAM-ALE3Dmodelisthenutilizedtosimulate fluid-structureinteractions inthe PurdueTransonicCompressor. First, theviscousanalysis isexperimentally validated bysimulating therotorstator interaction unsteady aerodynamics at the part-speed condition at which detailed experimental data are available. The resonant response of the stator vanes to the unsteady aerodynamic excitation is then predicted by performing a full fluid-structure interaction simulation.
In VitroCulture ofTrichogrammaSpp. on Artificial Diets Containing Yeast Extract and Ultracentrifuged Chicken Egg Yolk but Devoid of Insect Components

Abstract Trichogramma minutumRiley andTrichogramma brassicaeBezdenko (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) were culturedin vitrofrom eggs to adults on artificial diets, which contained no insect components. The diets contained ultracentrifuged chicken egg yolk, milk, Grace's insect medium, and yeast extract. The most important components were the yeast extract and ultracentrifuged chicken egg yolk. Addition of the sediment of ultracentrifuged chicken egg yolk to a diet containing yeast extract enhanced yield of pupae 2.2-fold and of adults 2.7-fold. Based on numbers of first instars and pupae, respectively, the best diet produced 94% pupae and 28% adults ofT. minutum.
An Alternative to the Rayleigh Curve Model for Software Development Effort

A new model of the software development process is presented and used to derive the form of the resource consumption curve of a project over its life cycle. The function obtained differs in detail from the Rayleigh curve previously used in fitting actual project data. The main advantage of the new model is that it relates the rate of progress which can be achieved in developing software to the structure of the system being developed. This leads to a more testable theory, and it also becomes possible to predict how the use of structured programming methods may alter pattems of life cycle resource consumption.
SU‐GG‐I‐178: Numerical Simulations of the SonoKnife's Acoustic Edge

Purpose: A numerical parametric study was performed to characterize the acoustic edge of the SonoKnife applicator for the selection of optimal design parameters for non‐invasive thermal ablation of advanced head and neck tumors and neck malignant nodes. Method and Materials: SonoKnife is a novel thermal therapy concept: a cylindrical ultrasound transducer composed (single element array). This geometry generates a line‐focus (acoustic edge) instead of the typical ellipsoidal focus generated by spherical radiators. Potential advantages of line‐focusing, in contrast to spot‐focusing, are lower peak intensities, which minimize nonlinear propagation and cavitationeffects, and shorter treatment times. Acoustic simulations were performed varying the following parameters: transducer size and f‐number, line‐focus depth, frequency, and SSD. Simulations were generated using the free access software FOCUS (http://www.egr.msu.edu/focus‐ultrasound). Results: Dimensions (FWHM) and depth of the focal volume as a function of design parameters were calculated. Minimum transducer surface area to ensure sufficient energy for ablation (52–60°C for several seconds) was determined for several tumor sizes and locations. Results showed the acoustic edge size decreases and its average intensity increases with increasing frequency and increasing aperture. Simulations also indicated that increasing the radius of curvature increases the size of the acoustic edge and decrease its average intensity. SonoKnife's spatial peak intensities were compared to spherically focused radiators of equivalent radiating area. Conclusions: Simulations showed that thermal ablation with the SonoKnife is feasible and designed parameters must be selected depending on tumor size and location. Peak intensities for equivalent area transducers were lower for Sonoknifes than for spherical radiators. Further characterization will include nonlinear effects and thermal simulations. Finally, FOCUS software was a useful and efficient tool for this initial characterization of the SonoKnife's acoustic edge.
Does growth hormone therapy harmonize distorted morphology and body composition in chronic renal failure

Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy of growth retardation in chronic renal failure (CRF) has become well established. While there are ample data about its effectiveness in restoring longitudinal growth delay, data on complex anthropometry are scarce. Twenty-three children with CRF (6 after renal transplantation) were investigated using 24 different parameters. The analysis revealed disproportionate growth in CRF. While parameters of the trunk and transverse dimension of the head were preserved, the extremities were affected more severely. Bone dimensions of the legs and arms as well as muscle mass were affected the most. RhGH therapy was effective in restoring impaired longitudinal dimensions of the body in CRF. The restoration of growth retardation occurred predominantly in the extremities. This was accompanied by an increase in transversal dimensions, circumferences and soft tissue of the extremities, as well as an increase in bone and muscle volume, indicating harmonization of the total body shape. The dimensions of trunk, forehead diameter and morphological face height remained within the normal range. There was no evidence of acromegaly in children with CRF and rhGH therapy. We conclude that rhGH therapy at a dose of 28 iU/m2/week is effective in restoring previously disproportional body structure and shape in children with CRF.
A Photon Migration Method for Characterizing Fiber Formation in Meat Analogs

Meat analogs produced by high-moisture extrusion of soy proteins are good alternatives to animal meat and have many health benefits. In addition to textural properties, an abundant fibrous structure in such extrudates is a key factor for consumer acceptance. Although several techniques have been developed for quantifying fiber formation in extrudates, their applications for real-time quality control in manufacturing process have been challenging. In this study, we developed a nondestructive imaging technique to quantify fibrous structures in soy protein extrudates. The spatial distribution of light reflectance on sample surface was imaged and a fiber formation index was derived based on the random-walk theory of light transport in anisotropic media. This method has a potential to be used as a nondestructive, real-time quality control tool for products with fibrous structures.
Neonatal Job's Syndrome Featuring a Vesicular Eruption

Abstract: A new born infant who developed a vesicular eruption, clinically indistinguishable from herpetic lesions, eventually developed the classic features of Job's syndrome. The initial areas of involvement included the hands and feet, then the scalp, face, and suprapubic skin. The clear, tense vesicles varied only slightly in size and appeared as isolated, grouped, or confluent lesions on inflamed skin. Many eventually became umbilicated. The more typical eczematous component appeared over the course of the next several months. Although the child initially had an elevated white blood cell count and eosinophilia, his IgE level did not become dramatically elevated until after 1 year of age. Job's syndrome should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis of a vesicular eruption in the newborn.
Answering Copyright Questions at the Reference Desk: A Guide for Academic Librarians

Copyright compliance is a major issue in higher education, and academic librarians are being approached more frequently by students and instructors with questions as to how copyrighted works can be legally used for teaching and research. This article provides a brief orientation to U.S. Copyright Law and introduces print and online resources librarians can refer patrons to in order to make informed decisions regarding the use of copyrighted works.
Synthesis of a Lipid Conjugate of SO3Lea and Its Enhancement on Liposomal Binding to Activated Platelets

3‘-O-Sulfated Lea (SO3Lea) is one of the most potent natural oligosaccharide ligands of selectins. The specific interactions between SO3Lea and E-/P-selectins are critical in the inflammation process. This paper described an efficient synthesis of a lipid conjugate of SO3Lea and its combination with phospholipid and cholesterol to form SO3Lea-coated liposomes by the freeze-thaw and extrusion method. The size (D = 78 nm) and stability of the resultant glycoliposomes were comparable to that of liposomes without the glycoconjugate. It was further observed that the incorporation of SO3Lea into liposomes could significantly enhance their adhesion to activated platelets as a result of the specific binding between SO3Lea on the glycoliposome and the P-selectin on activated platelets. The glycoliposome constructs may be useful for antiinflammation or for targeted delivery of drugs to endothelial cells that express E- and P-selectins.