cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of lipid/DNA complexes during the freezing step of the lyophilization process: the particle isolation hypothesis

The instability of nonviral vectors in aqueous suspensions has stimulated an interest in developing lyophilized formulations for use in gene therapy. Previous work has demonstrated a strong correlation between the maintenance of particle size and retention of transfection rates. Our earlier work has shown that aggregation of nonviral vectors typically occurs during the freezing step of the lyophilization process, and that high concentrations of sugars are capable of maintaining particle size. This study extends these observations, and demonstrates that glass formation is not the mechanism by which sugars protect lipid/DNA complexes during freezing. We also show that polymers (e.g., hydroxyethyl starch) are not capable of preventing aggregation despite their ability to form glasses at relatively high subzero temperatures. Instead, our data suggest that it is the separation of individual particles within the unfrozen fraction that prevents aggregation during freezing, i.e., the particle isolation hypothesis. Furthermore, we suggest that the relatively low surface tension of mono- and disaccharides, as compared to starch, allows phase-separated particles to remain dispersed within the unfrozen excipient solution, which preserves particle size and transfection rates during freezing.
Phosphorylation of caspase-9 in the cytosolic fraction of the cerebral cortex of newborn piglets following hypoxia

We have previously shown that hypoxia leads to increased expression and increased activity of caspase-9 in the cerebral cortex of newborn piglets. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of caspase-9 in the initiation of the apoptotic cascade, however, the mechanism of caspase-9 activation is not well understood. Experiments were conducted on newborn piglets 2-3 days of age that were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. Hypoxia was induced by lowering the FiO(2) to 0.05-0.07 x 1h, and was confirmed biochemically by demonstrating decreased levels of ATP and PCr in the hypoxic groups in comparison with the normoxic group. The ATP level was 1.99+/-0.66 in the hypoxic group versus 4.10+/-0.19 in the normoxic group, P<0.05, and the PCr value was 0.68+/-0.14 in the hypoxic group, compared to 2.98+/-0.39 in the normoxic group, P<0.05. The cytosol of the neuronal nuclei from the cerebral cortex was probed with anti-phosphorylated Ser(196) caspase-9 antibody, using Western blot analysis. Protein bands were analyzed using image densitometry. In both the hypoxic and normoxic samples, protein bands were demonstrated just above the 50 kDa marker. Phosphorylated caspase-9 expression in OD x mm(2) was 43.85+/-8.4 in the normoxic group and 67.6+/-9.88 in the hypoxic group, P<0.05. The results of this study demonstrate that caspase-9, a key protein in hypoxia induced apoptosis, is phosphorylated at the Ser(196) site during hypoxia. The results demonstrate that hypoxia results in a post-translational modification of caspase-9 at Ser(196), which may alter the activity of caspase-9 in the hypoxic newborn brain.
Development and evaluation of the mars pathfinder inflatable airbag landing system

Abstract The entry, descent, and landing system of the Mars Pathfinder spacecraft includes a unique subsystem of airbags for impact attenuation. The airbag geometric configuration and associated landing dynamic analysis was performed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratories (Mars pathfinder airbag impact attenuation system, paper AIAA-95-1552; Mars pathfinder impact, paper AIAA-95-1553). ILC Dover performed detailed design and fabrication of subscale and full-scale prototypes and flight airbag systems. This paper presents key steps in the development effort that produced the airbag system, including materials selection, patterning, fabrication issues, component design, and packaging/deployment. These steps outline many elements common to the development of engineered softgoods products for aerospace applications.
Electroactive, Internal Anthraquinonoid Dendritic Cores(1).

The modification of the extended 1 → 3 anthraquinonoid monomer 1 by substitution of the central aliphatic moiety with a more rigid, aromatic moiety has allowed the syntheses of the new branched bui...
Sonicated and passively dispersed hydrogen peroxide in periodontitis.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hydrogen peroxide delivered into periodontal pockets on gingival fluid flow and myeloperoxidase activity in the gingival fluid. Twenty systemically healthy human subjects presenting with moderate to advanced periodontitis were utilized. One side of the maxilla served as the control and the contralateral segment served as the experimental side. Measurements were made 0.5, 24, and 168 hours postoperatively. The experimental side was treated with 0.03 % hydrogen peroxide and the control side received distilled water. Five milliliters of fluid was delivered into the periodontal pockets either by sonication or passive dispersion. The 30 minute results indicated a mean increase in gingival fluid myeloperoxidase of 8.08 units per milliliter (U/ml) for the sonicated hydrogen peroxide, 2.05 U/ml for the passively dispersed hydrogen peroxide, 1.31 U/ml for the sonicated distilled water, and 0.60 U/ml for the passively dispersed distilled water. The values for hydrogen peroxide both sonicated and passively dispersed were significantly greater than baseline readings (p < 0.01), and the sonicated value was significantly larger than the passively dispersed value.
Feeding Value of High Dry Matter Corn Silage for Dairy Cattle

Abstract Two feeding trials using 20 cows each compared high dry matter corn silage (HDMCS) with corn silage of medium dry matter content (MDMCS). A continuous design was employed in Trial I and a double-reversal design in Trial II. The high dry matter corn silage was ground before ensiling and both silages stored in gas-tight units. Significant differences associated with the harvesting of high dry matter corn silage when compared with the medium dry silage include: lower dry matter yields; greater field dry matter losses; higher percentage of ear losses; lower carotene content; lower total acid concentration during fermentation; and a higher pH. Voluntary dry matter consumption, milk production, and body weight gains were greater for cows fed the high dry matter corn silage, but differences were significant only for Trial II. There were no significant differences in per cent milk fat or solids-not-fat between treatments. No consistent difference in chemical composition of the silages between years was found. The digestibility of the dry matter, energy, and protein for the medium and high dry matter silages was 66.9, 66.7, and 54.7; and 64.7, 65.4, and 51.1%, respectively. The silages were nearly equal in feed value; however, the disadvantages suggest that general recommendations for delaying harvest were not warranted.
CoGe1.5Se1.5: Synthesis and characterization

Polycrystalline CoGe1.5Se1.5 was synthesized and characterized. The compound is a member of the class of compounds with the skutterudite crystal structure. Synthesis assuming the above stoichiometry resulted in a n-type semiconductor with composition CoGe1.452Se1.379. The specimen exhibits a large room temperature Seebeck coefficient and resistivity. The electron mobility is very low and the thermal conductivity is lower than that of the binary skutterudite CoSb3. These properties can be attributed to the vacancies in the crystal lattice due to the non-stoichiometric nature of the specimen. The potential for thermoelectric applications of ternary skutterudites is also discussed.
Semi-analytical modeling of microring resonators with distributed Bragg reflectors

A semi-analytical method for fast simulation of microring resonators with distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR-MRR) is presented. Under the low loss condition, the structure exhibits a spectral response similar to that of a sampled-grating distributed Bragg reflector (SGDBR). However, the DBR-MRR can achieve higher reflectivity with significantly fewer gratings due to multiple reflection encounters with the same DBR gratings.
Soil organic matter regulates molybdenum storage and mobility in forests

The trace element molybdenum (Mo) is essential to a suite of nitrogen (N) cycling processes in ecosystems, but there is limited information on its distribution within soils and relationship to plant and bedrock pools. We examined soil, bedrock, and plant Mo variation across 24 forests spanning wide soil pH gradients on both basaltic and sedimentary lithologies in the Oregon Coast Range. We found that the oxidizable organic fraction of surface mineral soil accounted for an average of 33 % of bulk soil Mo across all sites, followed by 1.4 % associated with reducible Fe, Al, and Mn-oxides, and 1.4 % in exchangeable ion form. Exchangeable Mo was greatest at low pH, and its positive correlation with soil carbon (C) suggests organic matter as the source of readily exchangeable Mo. Molybdenum accumulation integrated over soil profiles to 1 m depth (τMoNb) increased with soil C, indicating that soil organic matter regulates long-term Mo retention and loss from soil. Foliar Mo concentrations displayed no relationship with bulk soil Mo, and were not correlated with organic horizon Mo or soil extractable Mo, suggesting active plant regulation of Mo uptake and/or poor fidelity of extractable pools to bioavailability. We estimate from precipitation sampling that atmospheric deposition supplies, on average, over 10 times more Mo annually than does litterfall to soil. In contrast, bedrock lithology had negligible effects on foliar and soil Mo concentrations and on Mo distribution among soil fractions. We conclude that atmospheric inputs may be a significant source of Mo to forest ecosystems, and that strong Mo retention by soil organic matter limits ecosystem Mo loss via dissolution and leaching pathways.
Stimulated Raman scattering seeded by a fibre continuum

A broadband continuum generated in a germanosilicate optical fiber has been used as a coherent seed to initiate stimulated Raman scattering in gases. The technique used is described. The results show a fivefold increase in conversion efficiency and a similar reduction in the requisite pump power.
Photonic band-gap fiber: fiber of the future?

We briefly review the state-of-the art in photonic band-gap fibers. Recent reduction in attenuation to 13 dB/km demonstrates the potential of these hollow-core fibers to provide low-loss and low-nonlinearity for a variety of applications including transmission fiber.
Biomarkers of OH radical damage in vivo.

Mechanisms of formation of o-tyrosine (o-Tyr) and thymine glycol (TG), the two possible markers of OH radical generation in biosystems and in vivo are described. The o-Tyr measurements require invasivc approaches, while TG detection may be accomplished by noninvasive analysis in the urine.
A developmental model for the occupational socioeconomic status of American men

Abstract Prior research suggested that psychological, sociological and economic variables, measuring both differential and developmental dimensions, must be considered for an exhaustive analysis of adult vocational status. From the resulting estimated predictive model, occupational socioeconomic status was examined through 16 selected family, ecological, educational, ethnoreligious, and political predictor variables. The data were obtained from a national sample of 1355 American men. Factor analysis supported the hypothesized existence of an educational-socioeconomic factor and a political identification factor, plus a less discrete religiousity factor. Path analysis confirmed that a respondent's education, adult social class, and father's occupational socioeconomic status were principle predictors of the respondent's occupational socioeconomic status.
Approaches to the Study of Political Development

Interest in the politics of the developing areas has increased steadily since World War II, and scholars have now produced a sizable collection of single-country monographs, several regional studies, and at least one attempt at a global synthesis.1 This literature has tended to stress various conditions as the primary correlates or determinants of political development. This research note offers a taxonomy of five approaches to the study of political development. The taxonomy draws upon both traditional and contemporary sources, and studies of both “developing” and “developed” areas, to derive a framework for ordering the literature on political development produced in the past two decades. The five approaches are (I) “legal-formal,” (2) “economic,” (3) “administrative,” (4) “social system,” and (5) “political culture.”
Metal‐Ceramic Interactions: III, Surface Tension and Wettability of Metal‐Ceramic Systems

The wettability and adherence of metal–ceramic systems were investigated, using a precise sessile–drop method. The surface tension and wettability of silicon, iron, and nickel in contact with various refractory materials were evaluated at elevated temperatures. Measurements were carried out in vacuo, in hydrogen, and in helium. Generally, nonwetting contact angles were observed for iron and nickel with oxides, whereas silicon was found to wet the oxides partially. In all cases the wettability was greater for the metal-graphite and beryllium carbide systems than for the metal-oxide systems. The nature of the atmosphere was found to have a significant effect on the wettability and surface tension of the metal. Wettability results are interpreted on the basis of surface tension and by the consideration of free-energy changes.
THEORY OF PHOTONS IN A FULLY IONIZED GAS. II. PLANCK'S LAW AND THE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT.

A theory of the radiation spectrum in a nonrelativistic fully ionized gas in thermal equilibrium is suggested, based on Planck's law of radiation. From an observation regarding the photon momentum distribution, an exact and simple dispersion relation for transverse electromagnetic waves in the medium is deduced, and a new dielectric "constant" is obtained. An important feature of the theory is the relative ease with which the thermodynamic functions describing the radiation field can be calculated.
Getting the Most Out of Ensemble Selection

We investigate four previously unexplored aspects of ensemble selection, a procedure for building ensembles of classifiers. First we test whether adjusting model predictions to put them on a canonical scale makes the ensembles more effective. Second, we explore the performance of ensemble selection when different amounts of data are available for ensemble hillclimbing. Third, we quantify the benefit of ensemble selection?s ability to optimize to arbitrary metrics. Fourth, we study the performance impact of pruning the number of models available for ensemble selection. Based on our results we present improved ensemble selection methods that double the benefit of the original method.
Tracing and representation of human line drawings

An approach to the representation of arbitrary line drawings is presented. With this approach the system makes a tracing of line drawings similar to the way a human normally does, and incorporates the result of the tracing sequence into the structural representation of the line drawing. Following the sequence of line drawings identified by the tracing, the critical point segmentation method is proposed to extract all the local feature points for representation. To make the representation size and rotation invariant, the authors introduce the critical point normalization method based on orthonormal transformation. Experimental results are shown. >
Resonant MEMS sensors for detection of aqueous heavy metal ions with Sub-ppm resolution

This work presents a new approach for detection of trace amounts of heavy metal ions in water samples using capacitive silicon resonators as ultra-sensitive mass sensors. This approach is based on reduction of metal ions by the silicon in a resonant structure and consequently deposition of a very thin metal layer on the resonator surface changing its resonant frequency. Preliminary measurements demonstrate successful detection of sub-ppm concentrations of copper(II) ions in water. Relatively large frequency shifts (hundreds of ppm) have been measured for resonators exposed to copper concentrations as low as 4 muM (0.26 ppm). This corresponds to a few atomic layers of copper (~5 Aring thick) deposited on the resonator surface.
Intranucleolar localization of human proliferating cell nucleolar antigen p120.

Abstract The human proliferation-associated nucleolar antigen p120 was localized to substructures within HeLa cell nucleoli by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy of cells whose nucleoli were segregated by drug treatment or extracted with nucleases. By indirect immunofluorescence, protein p120 was localized diffusely throughout all interphase nucleoli. However, high resolution immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that protein p120 staining delineated a network of 20–30-nm diameter beaded fibrils distributed throughout the nucleolus. This distribution was unique compared to that of the nucleolar proteins p145, RNA polymerase I, or B23 which were examined simultaneously. Drug-induced segregation of nucleoli by actinomycin D or dichlorobenzimidazole riboside, followed by immunoelectron microscopy, indicated that protein p120 was concentrated at the periphery of the granular region in segregated nucleoli. In situ nuclease digestion of cells with DNase I and/or RNase A did not release p120 from the nucleolus. Instead, p120 immunoreactivity was retained within phase-dense residual nucleoli. These results provide evidence that protein p120 is associated with, and in fact delineates, a network of fibrils which is retained in the nucleolar residue fraction of proliferating cells.
Semantic imitation in social tagging

We present a semantic imitation model of social tagging and exploratory search based on theories of cognitive science. The model assumes that social tags evoke a spontaneous tag-based topic inference process that primes the semantic interpretation of resource contents during exploratory search, and the semantic priming of existing tags in turn influences future tag choices. The model predicts that (1) users who can see tags created by others tend to create tags that are semantically similar to these existing tags, demonstrating the social influence of tag choices; and (2) users who have similar information goals tend to create tags that are semantically similar, but this effect is mediated by the semantic representation and interpretation of social tags. Results from the experiment comparing tagging behavior between a social group (where participants can see tags created by others) and a nominal group (where participants cannot see tags created by others) confirmed these predictions. The current results highlight the critical role of human semantic representations and interpretation processes in the analysis of large-scale social information systems. The model implies that analysis at both the individual and social levels are important for understanding the active, dynamic processes between human knowledge structures and external folksonomies. Implications on how social tagging systems can facilitate exploratory search, interactive information retrievals, knowledge exchange, and other higher-level cognitive and learning activities are discussed.
Use of Recombinant E Protein Domain III-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Differentiation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Serocomplex Flaviviruses from Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses

The serological diagnosis of infection by flaviviruses is complicated by the presence of flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies that produce false-positive results for flavivirus infections, especially in regions where more than one virus is endemic. Current diagnostic reagents for tick-borne flavivirus infection have been found to cross-react with yellow fever- or dengue virus-positive sera. This study utilized recombinant flavivirus E protein domain 3 (rE-D3) as a diagnostic reagent to differentiate between infection by mosquito- and tick-borne flaviviruses. This study found that the use of rE-D3 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based format allowed the differentiation between serum specific for either mosquito- or tick-borne flaviviruses, but not among the members of the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) serocomplex of flaviviruses. Sera derived against several TBE serocomplex rE-D3 were found to cross-react with heterologous rE-D3 within the TBE serocomplex, but not with those from mosquito-borne flaviviruses, in both Western blots and ELISAs. Mouse hyperimmune sera generated against TBE serocomplex viruses were also found to react specifically with TBE serocomplex rE-D3, but not with rE-D3 from mosquito-borne viruses and vice versa. When a similar test using virus-derived antigen was performed, a loss of both specificity and sensitivity was observed. These results indicate that flavivirus rE-D3 would be a useful reagent for the detection of infection by TBE serocomplex flaviviruses, several of which are potential biothreat agents, but would not provide the ability to differentiate among infections by separate members of the serocomplex.
Aligning Business Education with Ancient Chinese and Greek Philosophy: The Andrews University’s Leadership Program

The Leadership Program at Andrews University is a 15-year experiment in graduate leadership education. It allows participants to create their own individualized course of studies to develop and demonstrate competency in specific areas associated with leadership. Undergirded by a philosophy that favors holistic learning by experience, the program embraces the paradoxical unity of theory and practice creating a rich environment for exchange of ideas, cultural values and perspectives, experiences and practices. A central feature of the program is the development and presentation of the 15 competency-based portfolio related to the every-day workplace of the participant. In this paper, dominant values and principles of ancient Chinese and Greek leadership philosophies were identified and compared with the Leadership program’s philosophical underpinnings and structure. The results indicate that the Program strongly reflects Chinese and Greek philosophical values, such as, self-cultivation and transformation through learning, reflection and practice, servant leadership, collectivism and love and inclusive care.
Analysis of 8-oxo-2`-deoxyguanosine on exposure of Human Bronchoalveolar Cells to Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol

B27 Introduction: Benzo[a]pyrene B[a]P is a member of a family of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that are ubiquitous environmental carcinogens. B[a]P is metabolically activated to the proximate carcinogen B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol which is converted to a catechol by Aldo-Keto Reductases (AKRs). The catechol metabolite then undergoes two sequential 1-electron oxidations to give B[a]P-7,8-dione with the concomitant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). B[a]P-7,8-dione is then reduced back to the catechol establishing a futile redox cycle, which continually produces ROS that in turn can cause the formation of 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dGuo) adducts in DNA. >Experimental Procedure: It is difficult to quantify true cellular 8-oxo-dGuo levels due to artifact formation during isolation and hydrolysis of the DNA from the cells and tissue samples by the presence of trace amounts of transition metal ions in the buffers that are used. To avoid this problem a cold guanidine thiocyanate non-phenolic method was used to extract DNA from cells and desferal was used in Chelex-treated buffers to remove transition metal ions. This prevented the artifactual formation of 8-oxo-dGuo from Fenton Chemistry. Immunoaffinity purification was employed in order to remove interfering substances that co-eluted with 8-oxo-dGuo during subsequent chromatography. Stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/multiple reaction monitoring/mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MRM/MS) was used to provide maximal specificity and sensitivity. Human bronchoalveolar cells were treated with B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol and 8-oxo-dGuo present in the DNA was quantified. >Results: The 8-oxo-dGuo levels were increased after B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol treatment compared to untreated cells and DMSO treated cells. The 8-oxo-dGuo levels were increased in dose dependent manner. However, when the cells were pre-treated with the COMT inhibitor, R041-0961, a significant increase in 8-oxo-dGuo levels was observed. The COMT inhibitor alone had no effect on 8-oxo-dGuo formation. B[a]P-7,8-dione formation in the cells indicated that 8-oxo-dGuo was formed by the ROS generated during the two electron oxidation of the B[a]P-7,8-catechol. >Conclusion: These data confirm that the new LC-MS-based method efficiently eliminated artifact formation that occurred during the isolation and hydrolysis of DNA. This made it possible to detect elevated 8-oxo-dGuo levels on exposure of H358 cells to B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol. The formation of B [a]P-7,8-dione in the cells also supports the proposed formation of ROS during the oxidation of the catechol metabolite. The increased level of 8-oxo-dGuo on pretreatment of the COMT inhibitor, suggests that the catechol metabolite is normally detoxified by conversion to a methyl ether derivative. Supported by NIH grants 1R01CA130038 and 5P30ES013508.
Renal and intestinal Pi transport adaptation to low phosphorus diet in uremic rats.

The normal response of the kidney and intestine to a low-phosphorus diet (LPD) is an increased rate of Na(+)-dependent Pi transport by their brush border membranes (BBM). Dietary phosphorus restriction is used to reduce Pi accumulation in chronic renal failure. It is not known, however, if the uremic state alters the adaptive responses to an LPD. The adaptive response of the renal and intestinal BBM vesicles (BBMV) to LPD in acutely uremic (NX) and sham-operated (SH) control rats placed on a normal diet or an LPD was studied. In renal BBMV, the initial Na+ gradient-dependent Pi transport was lower in NX than in SH rats. Na(+)-independent uptake was unchanged. Thyroparathyroidectomy did not reverse the reduced Pi transport in NX rats. Kinetic studies showed a reduction of the apparent Vmax for Pi in BBMV from NX compared with SH rats (738 +/- 69 and 1,078 +/- 90 pmol/5 s.mg for NX and SH rats, respectively; P < 0.05; N = 5) with no change in the apparent Km. In intestinal BBMV, the initial Na+ gradient-dependent Pi transport was not different between SH and NX rats. There was also no difference in Pi transport kinetics between SH and NX rats. The adaptive response to an LPD persisted in renal and intestinal BBMV from NX rats and was comparable to that observed in SH rats: +54% for SH versus +48% for NX rats in kidney BBMV and +70.2% for SH versus +71.8% for NX rats in intestinal BBMV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An Experimental Investigation into the Effect of NO2 and Temperature on the Passive Oxidation and Active Regeneration of Particulate Matter in a Diesel Particulate Filter

The kinetics of particulate matter (PM) oxidation in a catalyzed particulate filter (CPF) under different exhaust temperature and NO2 conditions is presented along with a literature review of the related PM kinetic studies. The study was conducted with a 2013 heavy-duty engine that had NO2 levels significantly higher than engines that met the earlier 2007/2010 EPA standards, and the results show a significant increase in PM oxidation rate that is possible under normal vehicle operating conditions, to diminish the need to actively regenerate the DPF. The detailed procedure for determining the PM oxidized during the experiments is described. Two types of tests were conducted to determine the NO2 assisted as well as the thermal oxidation kinetics. Passive Oxidation (PO) tests were conducted for selected engine conditions that would cover the range of exhaust NO2 concentrations (137 to 1013 ppm tested) and temperatures (299 to 388 °C tested) during regular engine operation. Active regeneration (AR) tests were conducted to determine the thermal oxidation kinetics at exhaust temperatures from 498 to 575 °C which was induced by post fueling. The CPF was first loaded with PM to a target loading, and then the PM was oxidized under specific exhaust temperature and NO2/O2 concentration conditions. The data obtained in this study can also be used to calibrate a CPF model. The activation energies and pre-exponential factors for NO2 assisted and thermal oxidation were developed from the PO and AR data. It was also found that PM reactivity during PM loading was greater than for the passive oxidation tests.
Moral Imagination and the Search for Ethical Decision-Making in Management

This article is the precursor to Werhane’s full development of her theory of moral imagination. In this piece she espouses and develops the view that as managers we often get stuck or routinized in mental models or mindsets that we have adopted almost uncritically. That is to say, such managers may operate in a way that they are oblivious to important consequential information, or they fail to question their judgment or think to ask, “why are we doing this?” as detailed in Dennis Gioia’s (1992) confessional article in which he acknowledges not recognizing ethical issues while in the role of Recall Coordinator at Ford Motor Company. Using Gioia as well as other examples, Werhane argues that each of us can often be preoccupied with a single way of looking at our experiences, as through the lens of an ingrained and routinized mental model, and thus we either totally miss or even misinterpret important data. By the use of moral imagination, she argues, managers are able to work their way out of such ethical mires.
Diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF): histologic and HRCT diagnosis

Neither the pathologist nor the radiologist makes the diagnosis of IPF. It is a clinical diagnosis. Current recommendations are that the diagnosis of IPF follows multidisciplinary discussion (MDD) involving clinicians, radiologists and, if tissue is take, pathologists. According to the 2011 IPF guidelines, the diagnosis of IPF requires the pathologic and/or radiologic pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) on surgical lung biopsy or HRCT respectively. IPF represents UIP of unknown cause. UIP ≠ IPF. There are other causes of UIP including chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, connective tissue diseases, familial pulmonary fibrosis, some drug reactions and miscellaneous rare conditions. Clues to these other causes of UIP can be histologic, radiologic, serologic, or clinical. Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis may have giant cells, granulomas, and central lobular pathologic changes. Connective tissue diseases may have clues in the serology, clinical history, or prominent inflammatory infiltrate and/or numerous germinal centers histologically. Clues to familial fibrosis and drug reactions are often historical. The radiologic features of UIP on HRCT can be summarized as peripheral basal honeycombing with little or no ground glass change; some recent studies suggest that there may be some modification to these criteria and honeycombing may not always be required.
“All Lives Matter”: The Cost of Colorblind Racial Attitudes in Diverse Social Networks

In this study, we examined the effects of colorblind racial attitudes and outgroup prejudice on people’s social network positions within a diverse social setting. Sixty-four racially diverse participants created self-resembling avatars and interacted in groups of diverse peers in the virtual world, Second Life. We conducted a social network analysis based on friendships developed during the group interactions and also examined participants’ physical distances in relation to outgroup members and levels of chat participation. Colorblind racial attitudes, but not outgroup prejudice, were directly related to lower levels of closeness centrality and clustering within the network. In addition, outgroup physical distance, but not chat participation, was found to be a behavioral mechanism that mediated the relationships between: 1) colorblind racial attitudes and closeness centrality; and 2) colorblind racial attitudes and clustering. Findings are discussed in relation to the adverse affects of colorblind racial attitudes on intergroup behavior and the pro-sociality of recognizing race and racism within increasingly diverse settings such as the workplace or educational settings.
Comprehensive Treatment Technology of Chemical Industrial Park Wastewater

Untreated chemical industrial wastewater was a challenge to the environment because it contained many typically toxic, corrosive and degradation- resistant organic pollutants. The comprehensive wastewater treatment technology was expounded from the aspects of determination of effluent water quality classification,pretreatment,toxic factor screening and biochemical treatment. Aimed at the existing problems,the future research direction was prospected.
Cyclic Nucleotides in the Immunopharmacology of Lipopolysaccharide Endotoxins

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are responsible for the characteristic immunopharmacologic activities of the endotoxins of gram-negative bacteria. This chapter will discuss their immunopharmacologic actions including some new observations and the evidence that their actions are mediated in part by cyclic nucleotides. The lipopolysaccharides are to be distinguished, for the purposes of this discussion, from bacterially derived protein toxins, like choleratoxin and E. coli enterotoxins, which have also been implicated as immunomodulators acting via cyclic nucleotide pathways.
Adult Leisure Education for the Independent Use of a Community Recreation Center

The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate a leisure education training program designed to teach the complete and functional use of a community recreation center to two adults with severe mental retardation. Since these individuals resided in a group home in close proximity to the recreation center, this recreation program was deemed socially valid by group home and park board staff. Community recreation center use by nonhandicapped citizens of the neighborhood was utilized in this program as the training standard.Within a multiple baseline design across three recreational activities involving the recreation center, the participants acquired the skills necessary to access and use the recreational facility without the presence of the care provider. Results demonstrated that individuals with severe mental retardation could (a) acquire age-appropriate leisure skills to independently use a neighborhood center; (b) access a neighborhood recreation center in the absence of the residential care pro...
Parent-child agreement of child health-related quality-of-life in maltreated children

This article examines the differences between self-reports and parent-proxy reports of pediatric health-related quality of life among families receiving child welfare services for child physical abuse and neglect. This study assesses child well-being using a pediatric health-related quality of life measure (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory; PedsQL 4.0) with parent-child dyads (N = 129). Child and parent reports are compared for total and domain score on the PedsQL. Child-reported scores are lower than parent-proxy reports on total and all domain scores. For the total score, 57 % of child reports are below the clinical cutoff for poor well-being compared with 19 % of parent proxy reports. Analyses indicate poor agreement between parent and child reports, with this disagreement associated with high parent anger and parental self-report of poor mental health. Fully assessing child health and well-being requires multiple perspectives of child well-being. Gaining information from both the child and the parent provides different but equally useful information.
'Air-raising': An air-fluid level in the right subphrenic region.

Plain chest radiography showed dramatic elevation of the right hemidiaphragm with a large subphrenic air-fl uid level.
Flipping instruction in a fifth grade class: A case of an elementary mathematics specialist

Abstract Flipped instruction, in which information typically conveyed through in-class lectures is delivered remotely through video or text, is being used increasingly by teachers at all levels. However, there is little research documenting how elementary teachers think about, plan for, and use flipped instruction. In this article, we use data from interviews, class observations, and an analysis of instructional videos to describe an elementary mathematics specialists' efforts to incorporate flipped instruction for mathematics in her fifth grade class. We use this case to highlight how a knowledgeable teacher might use flipped instruction to enhance her teaching, and also describe potential challenges.
The Role of Naltrexone in the Treatment of Opioid Dependence

For many years clinicians considered the treatment of opioid dependence with pessimism. But, over the last 15 years, even as the problem of addiction has grown, we have come to know more about the physiological and psychological bases of drug dependence; and we have developed a number of new pharmacologic and psychosocial modalities of treatment. These have met with varying degrees of success and have given physicians and patients alike varying degrees of hope or encouragement.
Echo-planar magnetic resonance angiography.

SUMMARY Practical ultrafast, especially echo-planar, imaging is still in its infancy. All the more so for ultrafast angiography, Nevertheless, a few practical forays into this imaging application have shown promise. Compared to conventional MR angiography, the use of EP imaging can offer net advantages in reduced sensitivity both to motion artifacts from gross patient motion and to signal losses from changing blood flow velocities. Little work has been done to date on obvious application of ultrafast MR angiography (e.g., interleaved phasecontrast methods). The few existing reports on this topic suggest that EP imaging may be useful for much more exotic applications such as the imaging and velocity quantitation of the major coronary arteries.18–20 EP imaging will most likely have its greatest impact on MR angiography in these more exotic areas, tackling imaging problems in the moving structures most difficult to study.
The midlife crisis of the network society

The network society is moving into some sort of middle age, or has at least normalized into the daily set of expectations people have for how they live their lives, not to mention consume news and information. In their adolescence, the technological and temporal affordances that have come with these new digital technologies were supposed to make the world better, or least they could have. There was much we did not foresee, such as the way that this brave new world would turn journalism into distributed content, not only taking away news organizations’ gatekeeping power but also their business model. This is indeed a midlife crisis. The present moment provides a vantage point for stocktaking and the mix of awe, nostalgia, and ruefulness that comes with maturity.
Anonymity and Diversity: A Phenomenology of Self-Formation in Urban Culture

In this paper, I show how phenomenological analysis of unreflective dimensions of our experience has implications for our participation in an increasingly urban and multicultural world. I draw on Merleau-Ponty’s account in Phenomenology of Perception of how bodily capabilities are rooted in unreflective, or “anonymous,” resources furnished by the environment. I apply his analysis to the experience of inhabiting a city, which I argue encourages the development of a perspective inclusive of diversity that offers a means of challenging forms of social and political oppression. I consider how expression, as a further dimension of experience that draws on anonymous resources, plays a critical role in our developing the terms according to which we understand ourselves and the environment we inhabit. I argue that giving voice to diverse experiences is a crucial complement to the challenge to oppressive social and political structures we discover in the anonymous dimensions of urban experience.
Resonant phonon modes in fullerene functionalized graphene lead to large tunability of thermal conductivity without impacting the mechanical properties

We investigate the effects of fullerene functionalization on the thermal transport properties of graphene monolayers via atomistic simulations. Our systematic molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the thermal conductivity of pristine graphene can be lowered by more than an order of magnitude at room temperature (and as much as by ∼93% as compared to the thermal conductivity of pristine graphene) via the introduction of covalently bonded fullerenes on the surface of the graphene sheets. We demonstrate large tunability in the thermal conductivity by the inclusion of covalently bonded fullerene molecules at different periodic inclusions, and we attribute the large reduction in thermal conductivities to a combination of resonant phonon localization effects, leading to band anticrossings and vibrational scattering at the sp3 bonded carbon atoms. The torsional force exerted by the fullerene molecules on the graphene sheets and the number of covalent bonds formed between the two carbon allotropes is shown to significantly affect the heat flow across the hybrid structures, while the size of the fullerene molecules is shown to have a negligible effect on their thermal properties. Moreover, we show that even for a large surface coverage, the mechanical properties of these novel materials are uncompromised. Taken together, our work reveals a unique way to manipulate vibrational thermal transport without the introduction of lattice defects, which could potentially lead to high thermoelectric efficiencies in these materials.
Parsing out the role of dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) on alcohol-related phenotypes: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

Genetics account for moderate variation of individual differences in developing alcohol use disorder (AUD), but it is unclear which genetic variations contribute to AUD risk. One candidate gene investigated due to its association with AUD is the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4), which contains a 48-base pair variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in exon 3 of its coding region. To date, no quantitative synthesis of the published literature on the effects of DRD4 VNTR variation on alcohol-related phenotypes has been conducted. MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycInfo were searched for studies that reported on alcohol craving, alcohol consumption, severity of AUD, and case-control (AUD versus no diagnosis of AUD) studies in DRD4L (seven repeats or more) carriers compared with DRD4S (six repeats or less) homozygotes. Random-effects meta-analysis was used for all analyses. A pooled sample size of 655 to 13,360 of 28 studies were included. Compared with DRD4S homozygotes, DRD4L carriers had increased number of drinking days (SMD: 0.205; 95% CI: 0.008 to 0.402), binge drinking days (SMD: 0.217; 95% CI: 0.0532 to 0.380), and severity of AUD (SMD: 0.143; 95% CI: 0.028 to 0.259). There was no difference between DRD4 VNTR genotypes on drinks per drinking day, largest number of drinks per day/occasion, and case-control analysis. It was not possible to conduct a meta-analysis of the craving data, but a systematic review of this literature found mixed results on DRD4 VNTR genotype effect. The present meta-analysis suggests DRD4 VNTR variation may be a risk factor for problematic alcohol use. Our findings are limited, however, by the absence of ancestry data from studies included in our analysis, precluding our ability to adjust for population stratification. Due to the likelihood of type I error in candidate gene approaches, our work highlights the critical need for studies with larger and more inclusive samples that account for sex and genetic ancestry to fully understand this relationship.
End-to-End Multi-Person Audio/Visual Automatic Speech Recognition

Traditionally, audio-visual automatic speech recognition has been studied under the assumption that the speaking face on the visual signal is the face matching the audio. However, in a more realistic setting, when multiple faces are potentially on screen one needs to decide which face to feed to the A/V ASR system. The present work takes the recent progress of A/V ASR one step further and considers the scenario where multiple people are simultaneously on screen (multi-person A/V ASR). We propose a fully differentiable A/V ASR model that is able to handle multiple face tracks in a video. Instead of relying on two separate models for speaker face selection and audiovisual ASR on a single face track, we introduce an attention layer to the ASR encoder that is able to soft-select the appropriate face video track. Experiments carried out on an A/V system trained on over 30k hours of YouTube videos illustrate that the proposed approach can automatically select the proper face tracks with minor WER degradation compared to an oracle selection of the speaking face while still showing benefits of employing the visual signal instead of the audio alone.
Parent- and Child-Factors in Specific Phobias: The Interplay of Overprotection and Negative Affectivity.

Specific phobias are among the most prevalent anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Although brief and intensive treatments are evidence-based interventions (Davis III et al. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 15, 233–256, 2019), up to one-third of youth do not show significant change in their symptoms following these interventions. Hence, consideration of additional factors influencing treatment response is necessary. Child-factors such as temperament and parent-factors such as parenting behaviors both contribute to the development of specific phobias and their maintenance over time. Specifically, we addressed child temperament (negative affectivity) and parenting behaviors (overprotection) that could uniquely predict clinical outcomes for specific phobias and that might interact to inform goodness-of-fit in the context of these interventions. We also considered whether child- and/or parent-gender shaped the effects of temperament or parenting on clinical outcomes. Participants were 125 treatment-seeking youth (M age = 8.80 years; age range = 6–15 years; 51.5% girls) who met criteria for specific phobia and their mothers and fathers. Mothers’ reports of children’s negative affectivity uniquely predicted poorer specific phobia symptom severity and global clinical adjustment at post-treatment. Interaction effects were supported between parental overprotection and child negative affectivity for post-treatment fearfulness. The direction of these effects differed between fathers and mothers, suggesting that goodness-of-fit is important to consider, and that parent gender may provide additional nuance to considerations of parent-child fit indices.