cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temporal dynamics of pituitary prolactin depletion and release in three strains of rats.

Previous reports have shown that pituitary prolactin is rapidly transformed to a less soluble, but much more releasable, form prior to release from the lactotroph. One manifestation of this transformation is that pituitary prolactin depletion is significantly greater than concurrent release both in vivo and in vitro. The objective of this study was to compare the magnitude and temporal dynamics of depletion and release from pituitaries of ovariectomized estrogen-treated rats of three different strains in vitro to assess the effect of strain on the transformation process. Mature ovariectomized Wistar-Furth (WF), Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Long-Evans (LE) rats (7-10/group) were killed by decapitation 7 days after a single s.c. injection of 100 micrograms of polyestradiol phosphate. The anterior pituitaries were quickly removed and cut into quarters which were incubated for up to 4 hrs in the absence of dopamine or other prolactin secretagogues. Representative fragments from each strain were not incubated but were snap frozen to measure pre-incubation content. Fragments from each strain were removed from incubation at 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min for prolactin content measurement. Medium was collected at 30 min intervals and replaced with fresh medium. The experiments were repeated twice. Prolactin in medium and pituitary homogenates was measured by radioimmunoassays using NIAMDD-RP-1 as standard. In all three stains release of prolactin was approximately 30-50% of the prolactin depleted from the pituitary in 4 hrs. Strains varied in the magnitude of this difference and the time course over which it occurred. WF and SD rats showed significantly greater depletion and release of prolactin than did LE rats when the data were expressed as micrograms prolactin/mg pituitary. When the data were expressed as a percentage of prolactin available for release, the differences in depletion between strains disappeared and the LE rats released a significantly greater percentage of the prolactin available for release than did the other two strains. We conclude that pituitary prolactin undergoes a process of transformation prior to release which causes it to disappear from the pituitary but not appear in culture medium. We further conclude that the magnitude and temporal dynamics of this process are not equivalent across all strains of rats.
Rheumatologic manifestations of histoplasmosis in the recent Indianapolis epidemic.

Rheumatologic manifestations were noted in 24 (6.3%) of 381 patients with symptomatic histoplasmosis who were seen during a recent epidemic in Indianapolis. Typically, these patients had rapidly additive, rather than migratory, arthritis or arthralgia, which was symmetric in 50%. Ten patients had oligo- or monarticular disease. Knees, ankles, wrists, and small joints of the hand were the most common sites affected. Eleven patients had erythema nodosum. The rheumatologic manifestations were usually mild and, in all but 2 patients, resolved without treatment or with a brief course of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. The joint disease in patients with erythema nodosum was essentially the same as that seen in patients who did not develop skin lesions. However, those without erythema nodosum more frequently exhibited systemic features, e.g., chills, fever, anemia, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates. Rheumatologic complaints led 16 of the patients in this series (67%) to seek medical attention, and in 3 patients they constituted the sole presenting complaint.
Feedback to maintain injection locking of Nd:YAG lasers

It has been previously shown that stable, narrowband operation of Nd :YAG lasers can be achieved by injection seeding, provided the detuning between the slave and injection lasers is sufficiently small. We have found a new simple method of monitoring this detuning which can be used to maintain stable operation for hours at a time.
Tracking geosynchronous satellites by very-long-baseline interferometry

Four approaches to radio interferometric tracking of geosynchronous satellites are analyzed and compared. Quasar-based differential very-long-baseline interferometry (AVLBI), which requires a very sensitive receiver, can achieve meter-level position accuracy with a two-baseline system. Satellite-based AVLBI gives somewhat lower accuracy with a compact, inexpensive receiver. Nondifferential VLBI, using less precise media and clock calibrations obtained by observing the satellites of the Global Positioning System (GPS), still gives 5-10 m position accuracy with two baselines. For a sufficiently inclined orbit, all interferometric approaches can yield six-component satellite state, with position at these accuracies, from a single baseline.
Graphical aid for planetary gear train design

Abstract A graphical overlay method is presented which can be used in the design of simple planetary gear trains when it is desired to establish gear sizes to produce given speed ratios. The technique can be used to establish both specific gear sizes and ratios as well as permissible size and ratio ranges.
Posterior fossa metastases: risk of leptomeningeal disease when treated with stereotactic radiosurgery compared to surgery.

Introduction: Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) represents a diffuse form of central nervous system metastatic disease that is often associated with poor quality of life and prognosis. Our objective was to compare the incidence of LMD in patients with posterior fossa metastases (PFM) following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) versus surgical resection.
Hot Cores in W49N and the Timescale for Hot Core Evolution

We present subarcsecond resolution observations of the star-forming region W49N made with the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association array at 1.4 mm wavelength in the continuum and CH3CN J = 12-11 lines. The continuum image, at a resolution of 018 (2000 AU), shows many of the previously identified ultracompact H II regions and at least one new source whose steep spectrum to short wavelengths indicates dust emission. This compact dust concentration also shows the strongest CH3CN emission in the region. Additional peaks of CH3CN emission likely mark hot cores produced by other deeply embedded young massive stars that may be precursors to O-type stars like those that power the ultracompact H II regions. The number ratio of hot cores to ultracompact H II regions found in W49N provides a measure of the relative timescales of these early evolutionary phases. Although the samples are small, the source counts suggest that the hot core lifetime is most likely shorter than, but comparable to, the ultracompact H II region lifetime.
The phonetic effect in preschool children: The influence of overt rehearsal and verbal instructions

Abstract Preschoolers' serial matching of picture lists composed of either phonetically similar or unrelated items was compared under three types of conditions. The lower retention of phonetic lists had been used as an index of verbal mediation by Conrad (1971, 1972) who found that preschoolers did not show differential retention, and hence no verbal encoding, even when they were required to label overtly. This result was replicated and also obtained in a condition which emphasized the verbal aspects of the task. However, a significant phonetic effect and higher overall retention resulted from a condition which required overt, cumulative rehearsal. Alternative interpretations of the influence of rehearsal on the phonetic effect were offered.
Vagal afferent innervation of the lower esophageal sphincter

To supply a fuller morphological characterization of the vagal afferents innervating the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), specifically to label vagal terminals in the tissues forming the LES in the gastroesophageal junction, the present experiment employed injections of dextran biotin into the nodose ganglia of rats. Four types of vagal afferents innervated the LES. Clasp and sling muscle fibers were directly and prominently innervated by intramuscular arrays (IMAs). Individual IMA terminals subtended about 16° of arc of the esophageal circumference, and, collectively, the terminal fields were distributed within the muscle ring to establish a 360° annulus of mechanoreceptors in the sphincter wall. 3D morphometry of the terminals established that, compared to sling muscle IMAs, clasp muscle IMAs had more extensive arbors and larger receptive fields. In addition, at the cardia, local myenteric ganglia between smooth muscle sheets and striated muscle bundles were innervated by intraganglionic laminar endings (IGLEs), in a pattern similar to the innervation of the myenteric plexus throughout the stomach and esophagus. Finally, as previously described, the principle bundle of sling muscle fibers that links LES sphincter tissue to the antropyloric region of the lesser curvature was innervated by exceptionally long IMAs as well as by unique web ending specializations at the distal attachment of the bundle. Overall, the specialized varieties of densely distributed vagal afferents innervating the LES underscore the conclusion that these sensory projections are critically involved in generating LES reflexes and may be promising targets for managing esophageal dysfunctions.
CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR EXPRESSION AND REGULATION BY EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM IN THE ATT-20 PITUITARY CELL LINE

A 120 kDa, G protein-coupled calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) was recently identified and cloned from bovine parathyroid and rat kidney. We report here that a similar calcium-sensing receptor is also present in rat and mouse pituitary as well as in the mouse pituitary cell line, AtT-20. Fragments (383-bp) of the extracellular domain of the calcium-sensing receptor from the AtT-20 cells and mouse pituitary were amplified by RT-PCR, sequenced, and found to be identical. By Northern blot analysis, AtT-20 cells expressed a major CaR mRNA transcript of 7.5 kb and three minor transcripts of 9.5, 4.0, and 1.5 kb. Except for the 9.5-kb species, these CaR transcripts were also found to be present in mouse kidney, where the 7.5-kb transcript was again the predominant form. The presence of the CaR protein in AtT-20 cells was documented directly by fluorescence immunocytochemistry using an antibody directed against the extracellular domain of the CaR. Exposure of AtT-20 cells to increasing extracellular calcium concent...
Interactions between fluorescent labeled phosphatidyl serine and cations

Abstract Phosphatidyl serine (PS) was reacted with dimethylaminoanpthalenesulfonyl (DNS) chloride to produce a fluorescent phospholipid derivative (DNS-PS). By comparison of the emission maximum of the fluorochrome in solvents of varying dielectric constants and in aqueous suspension it was concluded that the DNS moiety of sonicated DNS-PS micells was within the glycerol region of the lipid. Addition of CaCl 2 to aqueous suspensions of DNS-PS micells caused a shift in the emission maximum from 524 nm to 490 nm, a two-fold increase in the relative fluorescence and an increase in the polarization of fluorescence and finally aggregation. MgCl 2 produced similar but smaller changes in the fluorescence parameters. In the presence of calcium the thermal transition of the fatty acid tail region could be monitored as an increases in the fluorescence intensity of the DNS group. Without calcium an almost linear decrease in relative fluorescence was observed. These data suggested that calcium caused the fluorochrome to be shifted from the glycerol region of the lipid structure into the fatty acid tail region. These observations indicate how the conformation of a biological membrane might be altered by the interaction between acidic phospholipids and calcium.
An Experiment in senior staff working alongside student consultants

This past Spring, Syracuse University Academic Computing Services (SUACS) had all staff members spend time working with our users at the AID Desk. The staff has progressed from a initial reluctance to an enthusiastic environment with enhanced communications, new ideas, and new learning experiences.The paper discusses the beginnings of our experiment, the reactions of the participants, and some of the resulting ideas.
American Icons: Transatlantic Perspectives on Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century American Art

American painters and graphic artists of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries sought inspiration for their work in the uniquely American experience of history and nature. The result was a transformation of the conventional Old World visual language into an indigenous and populist New World syntax. The twelve essays in this volume explore the development of a frontier mythology, a democratic style depicting common people and objects, and an American artistic consciousness and identity. Conceived and written from the perspectives of both cultural and art historians, American Icons initiates an interdisciplinary discussion on the complex relationships between American and European art. Contributors are Herbert Beck, Werner Busch, Martin Christadler, Nicolai Cikovsky, Jr., Francoise Forster-Hahn, Ursula Frohne, Barbara Gaehtgens, Thomas W. Gaehtgens, Barbara Groseclose, Olaf Hansen, William Hauptman, Heinz Ickstadt, Barbara Novak, and Kathleen Pyne."
Model flames in the Boussinesq limit: Rising bubbles

Using the Boussinesq buoyancy approximation, we study a bubble of reaction products rising in the reactant fluid under the influence of gravity. Reaction on the surface of the bubble (the flame) results in an increase of the volume of the bubble. We consider fluids with low Prandtl and high Froude numbers (heat diffusion dominates over viscous dissipation, and burning dominates over gravitational effects). We show that, under these conditions, all initially small bubbles follow the same growth pattern, regardless of the flame speed, the reaction type, the gravity, the viscosity, the initial size, and, to some extent, the initial shape of the bubble. In the initial stage of this similarity solution a bubble grows radially in an essentially motionless fluid until it reaches some critical size, which is determined by the laminar flame speed, the gravitational acceleration, and the Atwood number. Once the bubble reaches the critical size, convection becomes significant and the bubble evolves into a more compl...
A technique to account for the misalignment of pyranometers installed on aircraft

Abstract Misalignment of pyranometers used for airborne measurements can lead to serious errors in the determination of downwelling radiation flux. The magnitude of these errors depends strongly on the elevation angle of the sun. This note presents an iterative numerical procedure for determining the angles of misalignment of upward-facing pyranometers. Deviations in pitch and roll of the instrument with respect to the aircraft's inertial navigation system (INS) must be added to the pitch and roll angles measured by the INS before the radiometric data are corrected for the attitude of the aircraft. For successful determination of the two angles of deviation, a calibration flight must be performed in which the aircraft flies in at least three directions at the same altitude under clear skies and above any haze.
Automatic generation of global phase equilibrium diagrams for binary systems from equations of state

Abstract An automated and reliable procedure for systematic generation of global phase equilibrium diagrams (GPED) for binary systems is proposed. The approach utilizes equation of state, incorporates solid phase and is successful in generation of type VI phase diagram. The procedure enables automatic generation of GPED which incorporates calculations of all important landmarks such as critical endpoints (CEP), quadruple point (QP, if any), critical azeotropic points (CAP), azeotropic endpoints (AEP), pure azeotropic points (PAP), critical line, liquid–liquid–vapor line (L1L2V, if any), solid–liquid–liquid line (SL1L2, if any), solid–liquid–vapor line (SLV) and azeotropic line. The proposed strategy is completely general in that it does not require any knowledge about the type of phase diagram and can be applied to any pressure explicit equation of state model. The overall methodology include predictor-corrector method for line tracing, homotopy continuation for critical point calculations and phase stability test, automatic differentiation to calculate derivatives and trust region dogleg approach to compute thermodynamic landmark such as critical endpoints and quadruple points.
Part identification and group technology: A new approach

Abstract Part numbering, as it was practiced in the precomputer age, is showing major weaknesses for current information processing requirements. Manufacturing information systems are extensively involved with processing parts and part information in computer systems ranging from computer-aided design to computer-aided manufacture and computer-aided inspection. The hierarchically significant part numbering (HSPN) approach is a novel one that has shown improvement in efficiency for data processing, especially in the case of bill of material processing. Group technology applications have explored the use of several different part numbering schemes, and have discovered monocodes to be particularly useful. The HSPN approach introduced here shows considerable value for group technology applications.
Acidic pH triggers LCMV membrane fusion activity and conformational change in the glycoprotein spike.

Abstract Membrane fusion activity of the glycoprotein (GP) complex of LCMV was determined using the R18 fluorescent dequenching assay. Utilization of an endosomal entry route by LCMV and acidic activation of the membrane fusion activity were indicated by the inhibition of LCMV infection at an early stage by the lysosomal weak base chloroquine and the ionophore monensin. When LCMV was mixed with R18-labeled liposomes with a lipid composition mimicking that of the endosome, dequenching occurred only at acidic pH (⩽6.0). The measured dequenching was inhibited by protease treatment of the LCMV, indicative of protein-mediated membrane fusion. The initial rate of fusion was measured at pH values between 5.3 and 7.0 and was found to decrease rapidly and linearly between pH 5.3 (O.177%/sec) and pH 6.0 (0.027%/sec). Binding and fusion of R18-labeled LCMV with BHK cells were also examined. No difference was found between R18-labeled and unlabeled LCMV in binding to or infection of BHK cells. Dequenching was observed in labeled LCMV endocytosed by BHK cells. With BHK cells neither LCMV fusion with the plasma membrane nor LCMV-induced cell-cell fusion was observed, even under acidic conditions, and examination of the sequence of LCMV GP did not reveal a likely candidate sequence for a "fusion peptide." The binding of conformationally dependent monoclonal antibodies to GP was measured at neutral and acidic pH in order to seek evidence of pH-dependent conformational change in GP. Dissociation of the GP-1 from the complex was measured by sucrose gradients run on purified virus. These experiments revealed that after exposure to acid pH the LCMV glycoprotein spike complex underwent irreversable conformational change in which GP-1 was dissociated from the virion, conformational epitopes on GP-1 were lost, and sequestered epitopes on GP-2 became exposed. Further, LCMV infectivity was irreversibly inactivated by exposure to acidic pH (
Experimental induction of malignant catarrhal fever in pigs with ovine herpesvirus 2 by intranasal nebulization.

Abstract Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), a frequently fatal herpesviral disease primarily of ruminant species, has been sporadically reported in pigs. All cases of naturally occurring porcine MCF reported to date have been linked to ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2), a gammaherpesvirus in the genus Macavirus carried by sheep. Experimental induction of MCF by aerosolization of the virus in nasal secretions collected from infected sheep has been successful in bison, cattle and rabbits. The goals of this study were to determine the susceptibility of pigs to MCF following experimental intranasal inoculation of OvHV-2, and to characterize the disease. Twelve pigs in four groups were nebulized with 105, 106, 107, or 108 DNA copies of OvHV-2 from sheep nasal secretions. Three control pigs were nebulized with nasal secretions from uninfected sheep. Three additional pigs were inoculated intravenously with 107 DNA copies of OvHV-2 to evaluate this route of infection with cell-free virus. Seven of twelve intranasally challenged pigs became infected with OvHV-2. Five of these seven, all in higher dose groups, developed MCF. Lesions resembled those reported in natural cases of porcine MCF. The most striking and consistent histological lesions were in trachea, lung, kidney and brain. These comprised mucopurulent tracheitis, interstitial pneumonia, necrotizing arteritis–periarteritis, and nonpurulent meningoencephalitis. No infection was established in the intravenously challenged or control groups. The study showed that MCF can be experimentally induced in pigs by aerosol challenge using sheep nasal secretions containing OvHV-2. Domestic pigs are a natural clinically susceptible host for sheep-associated MCF. They represent a useful, cost-effective model for MCF research.
Emotional change associated with oral contraceptives in female psychiatric patients

Abstract The occurrence of psychosis in six women associated with their use of combined or sequential hormone oral contraceptive agents, five of whom had a previous psychiatric history, suggested the possibility that there was increased risk in oral contraceptive hormone use in psychiatric patients. This report concerns the data gathered from an interview study on 130 nonpsychiatric patients and 64 women who had undergone psychiatric care. Psychiatric patients more often reported change related to drug use. Depression, irritability, and lethargy occurred most often in both groups, and, while psychiatric patients reported more of these symptoms, the differences did not reach statistical significance. Psychiatric patients were significantly different with regard to feeling increased well-being, increased sexual desire, and capacity for orgasm as well as increased sensitivity to stopping drugs to permit the menses. While these changes would seem to reflect a beneficial effect on psychiatric patients, they seldom occurred without more undersiable symptoms. Psychiatric patients were different from both groups of nonpsychiatric patients with regard to reported irregularity of menses, anxiety during the menses, disability at the menses, and infrequency of sexual intercourse. The nonpsychiatric symptomatic group was significantly different from the asymptomatic control group on ratings of disability at the menses, lessened frequency of sexual intercourse, infrequent orgasm, and menstrual symptoms relieved by drug use. On the latter two factors, the psychiatric patients were also different from the asymptomatic group. The symptomatic nonpsychiatric group, therefore, seemed to fall intermediate in position between the asymptomatic group and the psychiatric group, suggesting the possibility that drug use had enhanced the expression of latent neurotic traits. The interaction of the drug induced pseudopregnant endocrine state with personality factors reported here seems very similar to that associated with pregnancy, where changes in catecholamine metabolism have recently been demonstrated. Similar clinical experiences have been reported with antihypertensive agents where psychologically predisposed individuals have suffered serious depressive illness with drug use. Our data suggest that further investigation of the effect of natural and synthetic hormonal substances on biogenic amine metabolism may be fruitful in assisting the understanding these reactions.
Surgical alternatives to penetrating keratoplasty II: endothelial keratoplasty

Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) became the standard of care for optical and tectonic rehabilitation of corneal blindness and visual impairment in the second half of the twentieth century. Posterior corneal disorders or endotheliopathies are the reason for one-third to one-half of all corneal transplants today in the US. Any procedure that replaces the endothelium ideally should accomplish the following results: (1) a smooth surface topography without significant change in astigmatism, (2) a highly predictable corneal power, (3) a healthy donor endothelium that resolves all edema, (4) a tectonically stable globe, safe from injury and infection, and (5) an optically pure cornea. Although PK consistently can achieve results 3 and 5 above, the other goals of stable topography, predictable corneal power and tectonic stability, have remained elusive despite our best efforts at ingenious suturing and trephination techniques. Endothelial keratoplasty (EK) is a new surgical procedure designed to replace diseased corneal endothelium with healthy donor endothelium through either a lamellar corneal flap approach or through limbal scleral incision, leaving the surface of the recipient cornea untouched by surface corneal sutures. This manuscript evaluates the impact and future of EK in ophthalmology.
Encapsulated sulfates: insight to binding propensities

Two crystal structures of sulfate inclusion complexes in an aza- and amido-cryptand represent the first examples of encapsulated sulfate in synthetic cryptand receptors and indicate penta- and octa-coordination, respectively.
A follow-up study of the commission on chronic illness morbidity survey in baltimore —IV. Factors influencing mortality from stroke and arteriosclerotic heart disease (1954–1967)☆

Abstract The Commission on Chronic Illness Survey population has been followed from 1954 to 1967. Previous reports have described subsequent mortality in relation to demographic characteristics and population mobility to 1962. A recent study compared the survivorship of screenees and non-screenees. The present study extends the mortality follow-up to 1966–1967. Only 3.9 per cent of the population was lost to follow-up. Men had substantially higher all cause and arteriosclerotic heart disease mortality than women and blacks had higher all cause and stroke mortality than whites. A history of hypertension, heart disease, or diabetes was associated with a substantially increased risk of all cause, stroke and arteriosclerotic heart disease deaths. Individuals with abnormal screening tests also had a markedly increased mortality. A study of the married couples in the sample failed to reveal any evidence of spouse aggregation of either all cause or specific cause mortality.
Microionization chamber air-kerma calibration coefficients as a function of photon energy for x-ray spectra in the range of 20-250 kVp relative to 60Co.

Purpose: To investigate the applicability of a wide range of microionization chambers for reference dosimetry measurements in low- and medium-energy x-ray beams. Methods: Measurements were performed with six cylindrical microchamber models, as well as one scanning chamber and two Farmer-type chambers for comparison purposes. Air-kerma calibration coefficients were determined at the University of Wisconsin Accredited Dosimetry Calibration Laboratory for each chamber for a range of low- and medium-energy x-ray beams (20–250 kVp), with effective energies ranging from 11.5 keV to 145 keV, and a60Co beam. A low-Z proof-of-concept microchamber was developed and calibrated with and without a high-Z silver epoxy on the collecting electrode. Results: All chambers composed of low-Z materials (Z ≤ 13), including the Farmer-type chambers, the scanning chamber, and the PTW TN31014 and the proof-of-concept microchambers, exhibited air-kerma calibration coefficients with little dependence on the quality of the beam. These chambers typically exhibited variations in calibration coefficients of less than 3% with the beam quality, for medium energy beams. However, variations in air-kerma calibration coefficients of greater than 50% were measured over the range of medium-energy x-ray beams for each of the microchambers containing high-Z collecting electrodes (Z > 13). For these high-Z chambers, which include the Exradin A14SL and A16 chambers, the PTW TN31006 chamber, the IBA CC01 chamber, and the proof-of-concept chamber containing silver, the average variation in air-kerma calibration coefficients between any two calibration beams was nearly 25% over the entire range of beam qualities investigated. Conclusions: Due to the strong energy dependence observed with microchambers containing high-Z components, these chambers may not be suitable dosimeters for kilovoltage x-ray applications, as they do not meet the TG-61 requirements. It is recommended that only microchambers containing low-Z materials (Z ≤ 13) be considered for air-kerma calibrations for reference dosimetry in low- and medium-energy x-ray beams.
Tillage and Management Alternatives for Returning Conservation Reserve Program Land to Crops

Accumulated vegetative residue was a concern when Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) land returned to grain crop production. This study was conducted to determine the effect of residue management, tillage, and crop choice on grain yield in the first year of cropping on CRP land that was predominately smooth brome (Bromis inermis Leyss). Three residue management practices (undisturbed, shred, and remove), three tillage systems [moldboard plow, disk, and no till], and three crops {corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]} were used in a factorial arrangement of a 3-yr field experiment conducted in Nebraska on fine-silty, mixed, mesic Udic Haplustoll; fine-silty, mixed (calcareous), mesic Typic Ustorthent; and fine-silty, mixed, mesic Cumolic Halustoll soils. Residue management was not significant for corn (P > F = 0.16), sorghum (P > F = 0.113), and soybean (P > F = 0.491) although there were significant residue x tillage interactions. Tillage system was not significant (P > F = 0.125) for soybean yields, but plowing significantly (P > F = 0.0001) increased both corn and sorghum yields. Mean corn yields were 13% less for the no-till system than for the moldboard plow system. However, no-till corn yield differences were not significant (P > F = 0.255) when plant population (a possible measure of planter performance) and percent green rating (a measure of weed control) were included as covariates. Our recommendation for the first year of grain crop production on smooth brome CRP land is to shred the residue and plant soybean in a no-till system.
Improved efficiency in 2DFT magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient echo imaging: Application to abdominal imaging

The incorporation of the phase offset multi planar (POMP) technique into breathheld magnetization-prepared gradient echo imaging is discussed as a means for improving imaging efficiency without sacrificing resolution, contrast, or SNR improvement. The phase encoding order necessary to preserve the centric approach is described. When combined with interleaving, the POMP technique enables four 256 x 256 images to be acquired in a 12-s breathhold, doubling the efficiency of the original technique. This scan efficiency is compared with that of other T1-weighted 2DFT methods.
Antibiosis in Soybean Breeding Lines for the Management of Corn Earworm for Sustainable Soybean Production

ABSTRACT Corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea Boddie), is one of the major insect pests of soybean in many soybean growing areas. A study was conducted during three soybean growing seasons to evaluate the antibiosis type of resistance in soybean breeding lines which were grown in replicated field trials. A plant introduction, ‘PI 229358’, with a known antibiosis type of resistance against corn earworm was included as a resistant check and four commercial varieties including Hutcheson, Stalwart, Charleston and Croton also were included in the experiments for comparison. The results of antibiosis tests showed that some breeding lines such as ‘E3582019’ and ‘D6874003’ provided level of antibiosis to corn ear-worm comparable to that found in the commercial variety Stalwart. Also, ‘M3583009’ and ‘D358B3010’ provided antibiosis to corn earworm which was similar to a commercial variety, Stalwart. However, none of the breeding lines provided the resistance which was similar to ‘PI 229358’. The intermediate antibiosis fo...
Resistive Behavior in the Singlet-Ground-State System La 1-x Pr x Sn 3

It is shown that the resistive behavior of Pr${\mathrm{Sn}}_{3}$, namely a local maximum followed by a rather abrupt drop at low temperatures, is not solely due to the presence of magnetic ordering. This result is established by the resistive behavior of ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Pr}}_{x}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{3}$ where the salient resistive features persist even to values of $x$ for which ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$ has been depressed to zero. An explanation in terms of inelastic scattering from crystalline-electric-field-split ion levels is presented.
Etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of nonepileptic seizures.

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (NES) can be classified into five categories. This review focuses on NES associated with emotional conflict, by far the most common and important group. Etiology is speculative, but the background histories of these patients are often similar. The presence of a trauma history, depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and the use of dissociation plus cognitive dysfunction possibly point to an organic etiology. The presentation of NES in children and adults is discussed, along with the differential diagnosis. The diagnostic differential is lengthy, with epileptic seizures of frontal lobe origin presenting a unique challenge. Diagnostic procedures are reviewed with an emphasis on the utility of hypnosis with seizure induction. Presenting the diagnosis to the patient, the role of the neurologist, and the role of the mental health consultant are reviewed. Issues in the doctorpatient relationship are also addressed, as well as the overall prognosis.
Comparative effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on blood pressure and the kidney.

Abstract Many clinicians are uncomfortable about using angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (AT1-blockers) to treat patients with renal disease because of concerns about increasing serum creatinine levels. However, the benefits of these medications, particularly their efficacy in slowing the progression of renal disease, outweigh such concerns. ACE inhibitors are effective in patients with type 1 diabetes and renal disease, as well as in those with nondiabetic renal disease and proteinuria >0.5 g/d. AT1-blockers slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Although these classes of medications should not be used in patients with severe renal insufficiency (e.g., glomerular filtration rate
Validation of interactive voice response system administration of the Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire.

Background: The Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ) is a written, self-administered instrument measuring quality of life in IBD. We assessed the validity of an interactive voice response system (IVRS) as a new mode of administering the SIBDQ. Methods: An IVRS was designed using prerecorded questions to collect data via touchtone telephone. Subjects with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) were randomized into 2 groups with different orders of administration: written, self-administered followed by IVRS (S-I) or IVRS followed by written, self-administered (I-S). Half of the S-I group was also randomized to receive a second IVRS. Sixty-four subjects were studied: 30 in S-I, 34 in I-S. Results: The mean SIBDQ scores were not different between written and IVRS modes (P = 0.26) with r = 0.93. IVRS scores were lower in active than inactive CD (36.1 ± 9.6 versus 54.7 ± 8.6, P < 0.001) and lower in active than inactive UC (40.8 ± 9.6 versus 59.8 ± 10.0, P < 0.001). Mean scores correlated highly with disease activity indices, and were not different between first and second IVRS administrations (P = 0.85) with r = 0.92. IVRS had excellent internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.90). Conclusions: IVRS administration of the SIBDQ yields results similar to written self-administration, with excellent procedural validity, test–retest reliability, and internal consistency. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009)
FUNCTIONING METASTASIS OF THYROID CARCINOMA IN THE SELLA TURCICA.

A patient with thyroid carcinoma treated by thyroidectomy developed a destructive metastasis in the sella turcica 6 yr later. Demonstrable roentgenographically and by radioisotope scanning, the metastasis had produced cranial nerve dysfunction without obvious clinical evidence of panhypopituitarism. Although temporary improvement followed treatment with external roentgen therapy, ablation of the metastasis occurred only after the administration of 100 me of 131I.
An Alternative Chemical Route for the Synthesis and Thermal Stability of Chemically Enriched Hydroxyapatite

Hydroxyapatite (HAp: Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) was synthesized by aqueous precipitation using CaCl2 and Na3PO4 with NaOH added to ensure completion of the reaction at room temperature. The HAp powder prepared using stoichiometric amounts of NaOH was stable even at 1200°C, but the HAp prepared with sub-stoichiometric amounts of NaOH resulted in its transformation into β-tricalcium phosphate at 600°C. The reaction pH, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared analyses and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy were used to characterize the phase purity, thermal stability, morphology, and chemical composition of the synthesized HAp powder.
The Effects of Ability, Perceptions of Ability, and Task Characteristics on Proximal and Distal Performance Outcomes Over Time

This article investigates relationships among ability, self-efficacy, and self-esteem for proximal and aggregated distal learning performance outcomes in multiple time periods in two samples. The article's purpose is to extend relationships suggested by primarily experimental research to situations slightly closer to today's work environment. One contribution is an integration of several theoretically based bodies of research into a nomological network of learning performance over time. Integrated into the network are trait/state-like individual differences, consistent/inconsistent task characteristics, proximal and distal goals, and multitasking, influencing learning performance over time. Another contribution is the examination of these relationships in two samples involved in different task characteristic patterns over time. In addition to ability and self-efficacy, self-esteem predicts distal learning performance outcomes, only negatively. Relationships among ability, self-efficacy, and performance va...
Improved influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in rheumatology patients taking immunosuppressants using an electronic health record best practice alert.

Objective To examine whether an electronic health record (EHR) best practice alert (BPA), a clinical reminder to help guideline adherence, improved vaccination rates in rheumatology patients receiving immunosuppressants. Guidelines recommend yearly influenza and pneumococcal vaccination with revaccination for patients age >65 years who are taking immunosuppressive medications. Methods A vaccination BPA was developed based on immunosuppressant treatment, age, and prior vaccinations. At site 1, a hospital-based academic practice, physicians ordered vaccinations. At site 2, a community-based practice, physicians signed orders placed by nurses. Demographics, vaccination rates, and documentation (vaccination or no administration) were obtained. Chi-square and Fisher's exact test analysis compared vaccination and documentation rates for October 1 through December 31, 2006 (preBPA), and October 1 through December 31, 2007 (postBPA). Breslow-Day statistics tested the odds ratio of improvement across the years between the sites. Results PostBPA influenza vaccination rates significantly increased (47% to 65%; P < 0.001), with significant improvement at both sites. PostBPA pneumococcal vaccination rates likewise significantly increased (19% to 41%; P < 0.001). PostBPA documentation rates for influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations also increased significantly. Site 2 (nurse-driven) had significantly higher preBPA vaccination rates for influenza (69% versus 43%; P < 0.001) than pneumococcal (47% versus 15%; P < 0.001). Conclusion The use of a BPA significantly increased influenza and pneumococcal vaccination and documentation rates in rheumatology patients taking immunosuppressants. A nurse-driven process offered higher efficacy. An EHR programmed to alert providers is an effective tool for improving quality of care for patients receiving immunosuppressants.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS AND DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION

It is widely recognized that prioritizing health care resources by their relative cost-effectiveness can result in lower priority for the treatment of disabled persons than otherwise similar non-disabled persons. I distinguish six different ways in which this discrimination against the disabled can occur. I then spell out and evaluate the following moral objections to this discrimination, most of which capture an aspect of its unethical character: it implies that disabled persons' lives are of lesser value than those of non-disabled persons; it constitutes “double jeopardy” or violates Frances Kamm's non-linkage principle; it conflicts with equality of opportunity; it conflicts with fairness, which requires ignoring (some/most) differential impacts of treatment; it wrongly gives lower priority to disabled persons for equally effective treatment; it conflicts with giving all persons an equal chance to reach their full potential; and, it is in conflict with giving priority to the worse off.
A Combinatorial Semaphorin Code Instructs the Initial Steps of Sensory Circuit Assembly in the Drosophila CNS

Longitudinal axon fascicles within the Drosophila embryonic CNS provide connections between body segments and are required for coordinated neural signaling along the anterior-posterior axis. We show here that establishment of select CNS longitudinal tracts and formation of precise mechanosensory afferent innervation to the same CNS region are coordinately regulated by the secreted semaphorins Sema-2a and Sema-2b. Both Sema-2a and Sema-2b utilize the same neuronal receptor, plexin B (PlexB), but serve distinct guidance functions. Localized Sema-2b attraction promotes the initial assembly of a subset of CNS longitudinal projections and subsequent targeting of chordotonal sensory afferent axons to these same longitudinal connectives, whereas broader Sema-2a repulsion serves to prevent aberrant innervation. In the absence of Sema-2b or PlexB, chordotonal afferent connectivity within the CNS is severely disrupted, resulting in specific larval behavioral deficits. These results reveal that distinct semaphorin-mediated guidance functions converge at PlexB and are critical for functional neural circuit assembly.
The Sulfur Amino Acid Requirement of the Chick from 4 to 8 Weeks of Age as Affected by Temperature

Abstract ALMQUIST (1952) reviewed the literature concerning the methionine requirement of the young chick and concluded that the requirement was approximately 0.45 percent of the diet and that the total sulfur amino acid requirement was approximately 0.8 percent of the diet. Briggs et al. (1942), Grau and Kamei (1950), and Jukes and Stokstad (1951) suggested that the sulfur amino acid requirement was nearer 0.9 percent of the diet, whereas, McGinnis and Evans (1947), Milligan et al. (1951) and West et al. (1951) reported sulfur amino acid requirements of 0.71, 0.72 and 0.74 percent, respectively. Nelson et al. (1960) stated that the quantitative requirement for sulfur amino acids was approximately 3.51 percent of the protein. Baldini and Rosenberg (1955) found that the methionine requirement, expressed as a percentage of the diet, increased as the energy level of the diet increased. Rosenberg and Baldini (1957) further stated, as did Almquist (1952) further stated, …
The growth of magnetic fields prior to galaxy formation

Hydromagnetic dynamo theory is applied to the problem of magnetic field amplification in the epoch after recombination but prior to galaxy formation. Large-scale density fluctuations acquire angular momentum from tidal torques exerted by neighboring fluctuations, and small-scale subfluctuations possess helicity due to the Coriolis forces associated with the rotation of the large-scale host fluctuations. Cosmic expansion and the interaction of matter with the ambient radiation field are taken into account. Despite many uncertainties, it is concluded that significant dynamo amplification may have occurred.
Evaluation of Delivered Dose Distributions and Metrics: A New Patient-specific QA Protocol

Lung1 Metric cGy or % % Ave Dose Diff g < 1 1 < g < 1.5 1.5 < g < 2 Metric cGy or % % Diff % Ave Dose Diff g < 1 1 < g < 1.5 1.5 < g < 2 Metric cGy or % % Diff % Ave Dose Diff g < 1 1 < g < 1.5 1.5 < g < 2
Helium II Film Transport. II. The Role of Surface Finish

The effect of surface finish has been studied by comparing transport rates measured on four metal beakers (aluminum, nickel, stainless steel, and nickel-silver), before and after they had been "superfinished." Deliberately roughened surfaces were employed in similar control experiments on glass. Measured values of beaker microfinish are reported for comparison with flow rates. The data obtained with these specimens, as well as with a nickel beaker whose inner wall was broached to provide, in effect, a capillary covered surface, are consistent with the hypothesis that transport rates adjust to the prevailing microscopic perimeter and do not require the added hypothesis of anomalous flow in surface cracks. A scheme for estimating the difference between macro- and micro-perimeter is proposed, and the flow data are found to be consistent with its predictions. These include the result that a large increase in surface roughness may not imply a very large change in the microscopic perimeter "seen by the film."
Altered expression of zinc transporters-4 and -6 in mild cognitive impairment, early and late Alzheimer’s disease brain

Accumulating evidence suggests that a disruption of zinc (Zn) homeostasis may play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Although several Zn transporter proteins responsible for the regulation of Zn balance are present in the brain, there has been little study of these proteins in Alzheimer's disease. To determine if alterations of Zn transporter proteins exist, levels of Zn transporter-4, which functions to remove Zn from the cytoplasm to endosomal/lysosomal compartments, and Zn transporter-6, which allocates cytoplasmic Zn to the trans-Golgi network, were measured in the hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus, superior and middle temporal gyrus, and cerebellum of subjects with mild cognitive impairment, early Alzheimer's disease, late stage Alzheimer's disease, and age-matched controls using Western blot analysis and protein specific antibodies. Our results show that Zn transporter-4 and Zn transporter-6 are significantly (P<0.05) increased in hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus of early Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease subjects. Zn transporter-6 is also increased (P<0.1) in the superior and middle temporal gyrus of Alzheimer's disease brain.