cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fill a Gab(1) in Cardiac Hypertrophy Signaling: Search a Missing Link Between gp130 and ERK5 in Hypertrophic Remodeling in Heart

Cardiac hypertrophy represents one of the most central issues in heart failure, involving many aspects of changes in cardiac myocyte from cellular morphology to gene expression and contractile function.1,2 Although the process is at the beginning compensatory in response to hemodynamic load or myocardial injury, cardiac hypertrophy is often followed by pathological remodeling in myocardium and a transition to overt heart failure.3 A large number of extracellular ligands, their cognate receptors and corresponding intracellular signal transduction pathways have been implicated in the hypertrophic process from both in vitro and in vivo studies.4–13 Among them, cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) was discovered as a potent activator of cardiac hypertrophy14 that shares extensive sequence and functional similarities with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) as members of interleukin-6 (IL-6)–related cytokine family.15 LIF/CT-1 bind to gp130/LIF cytokine receptor β heterodimer and activate downstream signaling pathways, including members of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases such as extracellular signal–regulated kinases (ERK1/2), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt.15,16 Studies have demonstrated that both LIF and CT-1 promote myocyte hypertrophy, survival, and a unique pattern of embryonic/fetal gene induction.17–22 LIF and CT-1 expression and gp130 signaling also correlated with mechanical stress in myocytes in culture23 and human and experimental models of heart failure.24–30 More significantly, targeted inactivation of gp130 in ventricular myocytes via Cre-loxP–mediated tissue-specific knockout resulted in rapid chamber dilation and a significant increase in myocyte apoptosis upon pressure overload.31 All these findings underscore the potential function of gp130 signaling in …
Explanation-based learning: a survey of programs and perspectives

Explanation-based learning (EBL) is a technique by which an intelligent system can learn by observing examples. EBL systems are characterized by the ability to create justified generalizations from single training instances. They are also distinguished by their reliance on background knowledge of the domain under study. Although EBL is usually viewed as a method for performing generalization, it can be viewed in other ways as well. In particular, EBL can be seen as a method that performs four different learning tasks: generalization, chunking, operationalization, and analogy.This paper provides a general introduction to the field of explanation-based learning. Considerable emphasis is placed on showing how EBL combines the four learning tasks mentioned above. The paper begins with a presentation of an intuitive example of the EBL technique. Subsequently EBL is placed in its historical context and the relation between EBL and other areas of machine learning is described. The major part of this paper is a survey of selected EBL programs, which have been chosen to show how EBL manifests each of the four learning tasks. Attempts to formalize the EBL technique are also briefly discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion of the limitations of EBL and the major open questions in the field.
Moderated Social Media Support Groups for Patients

An increasing number of Internet users look to social media websites for support and encouragement when faced with a health situation. With numerous social media websites available, finding reliable social media-driven support groups to recommend can pose difficulty to librarians and patrons. This article reviews several moderated online social media support groups that can potentially help consumers seeking support. Since there are many groups for many different diseases, criteria were established before selecting them. This list aids librarians in their quest of finding these resources for consumers and will also provide consumers with satisfactory online social media support groups.
Menge: A Modular Framework for Simulating Crowd Movement

We present Menge, a cross-platform, extensible, modular framework for simulating pedestrian movement in a crowd. Menge's architecture is inspired by an implicit decomposition of the problem of simulating crowds into component subproblems. These subproblems can typically be solved in many ways; different combinations of subproblem solutions yield crowd simulators with likewise varying properties. Menge creates abstractions for those subproblems and provides a plug-in architecture so that a novel simulator can be dynamically configured by connecting built-in and bespoke implementations of solutions to the various subproblems. Use of this type of framework could facilitate crowd simulation research, evaluation, and applications by reducing the cost of entering the domain, facilitating collaboration, and making comparisons between algorithms simpler. We show how the Menge framework is compatible with many prior models and algorithms used in crowd simulation and illustrate its flexibility via a varied set of scenarios and applications.
An Appraisal of a 10-Year Effort to Prevent the Westward Spread of the Boll Weevil

Each year since 1964 a boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, population suppression program has been conducted along the juncture of the Texas High and Rolling Plains. The suppression effort is designed to prevent the westward spread of the insect into the more than 2 million acres of High Plains cotton, and possibly into New Mexico. This program represents the largest coordinated program ever undertaken to combat a cotton pest. It also serves as an excellent example of cooperation among state and federal agencies and producers. The present paper presents an appraisal of the effectiveness of the suppression effort after 10 years of operation.
Metadata-driven General Editing System for Relational Data Mode

Against heavy workload、high cost and high coupling degree produced by the data editing in the management information system of traditional model,a set of metadata-driven framework for data model editing is proposed.Based on meta-data model described the application database,the framework could dynamically associate relations among tables to achieve data conversion between user interface and data tables.In addition,it could call some components,such as treeview,according to meta-data information.Practice in Daqing Oilfield prove that data editing tools based on the framework will be able to lower the workload,save the cost and reduce coupling degree.
Management of tracheobronchial lesions with the Nd-YAG laser.

Neodymium-YAG laser resection is now a well-accepted and successful treatment modality for the palliation of otherwise inoperable tumors causing symptoms of dyspnea, cough, or hemoptysis. It may provide curative therapy for benign tumors and strictures. There is a learning curve associated with the technique, but numerous “hands-on” courses are now available for acquiring the initial expertise.
Neuropeptide Y, resilience, and PTSD therapeutics

Resilience to traumatic stress is a complex psychobiological process that protects individuals from developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other untoward consequences of exposure to extreme stress, including depression. Progress in translational research points toward the neuropeptide Y (NPY) system - among others - as a key mediator of stress response and as a potential therapeutic focus for PTSD. Substantial preclinical evidence supports the role of NPY in the modulation of stress response and in the regulation of anxiety in animal models. Clinical studies testing the safety and efficacy of modulating the NPY system in humans, however, have lagged behind. In the current article, we review the evidence base for targeting the NPY system as a therapeutic approach in PTSD, and consider impediments and potential solutions to therapeutic development.
Repair after nephron ablation reveals limitations of neonatal neonephrogenesis

The neonatal mouse kidney retains nephron progenitor cells in a nephrogenic zone for 3 days after birth. We evaluated whether de novo nephrogenesis can be induced postnatally beyond 3 days. Given the long-term implications of nephron number for kidney health, it would be useful to enhance nephrogenesis in the neonate. We induced nephron reduction by cryoinjury with or without contralateral nephrectomy during the neonatal period or after 1 week of age. There was no detectable compensatory de novo nephrogenesis, as determined by glomerular counting and lineage tracing. Contralateral nephrectomy resulted in additional adaptive healing, with little or no fibrosis, but did not also stimulate de novo nephrogenesis. In contrast, injury initiated at 1 week of age led to healing with fibrosis. Thus, despite the presence of progenitor cells and ongoing nephron maturation in the newborn mouse kidney, de novo nephrogenesis is not inducible by acute nephron reduction. This indicates that additional nephron progenitors cannot be recruited after birth despite partial renal ablation providing a reparative stimulus and suggests that nephron number in the mouse is predetermined at birth.
Microscopic diffusion of pure and mixed methane and carbon dioxide in ZIF-11 by high field diffusion NMR

Abstract Multinuclear pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR was used to study the self-diffusion of carbon dioxide and methane as equimolar mixtures and pure gases inside ZIF-11 crystals. Diffusion measurements were performed under conditions where the length scales of displacements were comparable with or smaller than the mean size of ZIF-11 crystals. It was found for both carbon dioxide and methane that the intracrystalline diffusivity decreases with an increasing diffusion time. Quantitative analysis of these time dependencies using a previously reported model explained the dependencies by the reflections of gas molecules from the external crystal surface. This analysis also allowed the intracrystalline gas diffusivities that are not perturbed by the influence of the external crystal surface to be determined. The ratio of such true intracrystalline diffusivities for CO 2 and CH 4 is found to be greater in the mixed sorbate sample than in the single-sorbate samples when the total gas concentration in each sample was the same within experimental error.
Low-frequency, low-intensity ultrasound as a potential novel treatment for type 2 diabetes

The objective of this study was to explore the safety and efficacy of a potential new treatment method that utilizes a non-invasive application of ultrasound energy to induce exocytosis of insulin from pancreatic beta cells. We employed carbon-fiber amperometry and finite-element modeling in our studies.
Abstract TP259: Surrogate MRI Signatures for Contrast Enhanced Imaging That Predict Acute Blood-brain Barrier Damage in Ischemia-reperfusion

Background and Purpose: Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) is used to measure blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage after stroke, but is contra-indicated in patients with compromised kidney function. Thus, there is a need for non-contrast MRI techniques that portend BBB damage. We examined the relationships between CE-MRI and non-contrast MRI measures to test whether the latter serve as surrogate biomarkers of BBB damage in acute stroke. Methods: Male Wistar rats (∼300 g; N=22) were subjected to focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion using a middle cerebral artery suture occlusion model. They were imaged in a 7 Tesla Bruker MRI system. The parameters measured were: cerebral blood flow (CBF), T 2 , T 1 and T 1 -under-off resonance-saturation (T 1sat ). All data except CBF were expressed as ipsilateral-to-contralateral ratios (I-C). Post-reperfusion BBB damage was measured by CE-MRI via blood-to-brain forward volumetric transfer constant (K trans ) maps. CBF, T 2 , T 1 and T 1sat were compared to K trans from the same region of interest (ROI). Scatterplots with Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were used to compare the data and significances inferred at p Results: Preoptic area (PoA) and striatum (Str) were found ischemic in nearly all rats, with neocortical areas lesser affected. During occlusion, CBF in PoA and Str were 26±15 and 42±18 ml/100g/min (20-25% of contralateral side), respectively. After reperfusion, CBF was 78±27 and 99±50 ml/100g/min in PoA and Str, respectively. Contrast enhancement or BBB damage was observed in the PoA in all 22 rats and in 17 in Str. The I-C values of T 2 , T 1 and T 1sat elevated between occlusion and reperfusion periods and were associated with increased K trans values ( p =0.05). The extent of CBF reduction during occlusion was significant and correlated inversely with increased K trans (r=-0.5; p =0.03), but this relationship was lost after reperfusion (r=0.3; p =0.3). Conclusions: The data suggest that reduction in CBF during occlusion and post-reperfusion elevation of T 2 , T 1 , and T 1sat (i.e. vasogenic edema) are reliable predictors of impending BBB damage in acute stroke. With further confirmation, non-contrast based MRI evaluation of the BBB in acute stroke may be utilized in cases where CE-MRI is not possible.
StimVision Software: Examples and Applications in Subcallosal Cingulate Deep Brain Stimulation for Depression

Objective Create a software tool to facilitate tractography-based deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode targeting within the patient-specific stereotactic coordinate system used in the operating room. Approach: StimVision was developed with Visualization Toolkit libraries and integrates four major components: 1) medical image visualization, 2) tractography visualization, 3) DBS electrode positioning, and 4) DBS activation volume calculation with tractography intersection. Results Initial applications of StimVision are focused on the study of subcallosal cingulate (SCC) DBS for the treatment of depression. Retrospective modeling results on SCC DBS have suggested that direct stimulation of a specific collection of tractographic pathways are necessary for therapeutic benefit; thereby creating a tractography-based DBS surgical targeting hypotheses. StimVision is the tool we created to facilitate prospective clinical evaluation of that hypothesis. Significance Retrospective tractography-based analyses are common in DBS research; however, intraoperative software tools for interactive selection of a tractography-based DBS target are not readily available. StimVision provides an academic research tool to assist clinical implementation of new DBS targeting strategies and postoperative evaluation of targeting outcome.
Vein Wrapping for Recurrent Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Recurrence of symptoms of compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel is usually secondary to cicatrix surrounding the nerve. Treatment of recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome remains a challenging problem, and many solutions have been tried with variable success. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that the autologous vein graft wrapping can prevent adhesion around the nerve, improve the gliding of the median nerve during wrist motion, and promote the functional recovery of the nerve. Autologous vein wrapping is an effective technique for patients with recalcitrant carpal tunnel syndrome, multiple operations, and excessive scarring of the median nerve.
Genomics in Toxicology

Toxicology leverages several scientific disciplines to understand how chemical and physical agents impact living organisms. The advent of genomic technologies has advanced toxicology in several areas including the discovery of genes that modify susceptibility to environmental exposures, helping to better explain why two people with similar exposures can have dramatically different health outcomes. Other areas include improving the efficiency of prioritizing chemicals for toxicity testing for regulatory standard setting and providing novel insights into mechanisms of toxicity. This article will discuss key components of genomics and expand on its applications in toxicology.
The Analysis of Bivariate Data

The paired observation approach to the two-sample problem discussed in Chapter 12 assumes that either the data become available in natural pairs or that it is possible to arrange test subjects in pairs in such way that the two test subjects in a pair can be expected to perform very similarly. When pairing test subjects, a practical question arises: how successful has the matching process been? Have we succeeded in matching high performers with high performers and low performers with low performers?
Metabolic reprogramming by hydrogen sulfide

Toxic at high levels, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) modulates a range of physiological processes. Enzymes that synthesize H2S are remarkably promiscuous and allosteric regulation controls their reaction specificity. Sulfide is cleared via a mitochondrial oxidation pathway, which generates reactive sulfur intermediates, and couples to the electron transfer chain. Our studies on sulfide homeostasis in colon, which is routinely exposed to high H2S concentrations originating from gut microbiota, will be discussed along with metabolic changes correlated with the persulfide proteome in colon cancer.
Motion of Charged and Conducting Fluids—the Eulerian Model

It would seem an obvious thought to use a transmission line comprising a coiled-up wire inside a hollow conductor. (I must emphasize that I did not then think of the helix by itself. “Obviously” there had to be a shield, an outer conductor. This shows just how wrong one can be.) Anyway, these difficulties afforded me an incentive to compute the impedance and to make some estimate of what the phase velocity would be. It looked as if it were not impossible to make a circuit with a wave velocity much smaller than that of light.
Terrain and a Tale of Two Nations

Jedidiah Hotchkiss, a 19-year-old native of New York state, arrived in Staunton, Virginia, near the southern end of the Shenandoah Valley, in 1847. There he married and settled into life in his adopted state, teaching and continuing his own education by studying geology, surveying, and engineering. His remarkable mapping skills soon emerged when he began to draw topographic maps depicting the local countryside over which he roamed. Once the war commenced, he cast his lot with the Confederacy, and in 1862 received appointment to the staff of General Thomas J. Jackson (after the First Battle of Manassas, known as “Stonewall”) as Chief Topographical Engineer. The general immediately called Hotchkiss to his quarters and ordered him to “Make me a map of the Valley…showing all the points of offence and defence” [194]. Jackson found his new chart maker’s creations indispensable to his operations, particularly during the Shenandoah Valley Campaign that stamped him as a truly gifted military commander (Fig. 3.1).
The Evaluation of Particulates Deposited in Flowing Non-Isothermal Sodium Systems

Recent experimental evidence suggests that the corrosion and deposition processes in a flowing non-isothermal sodium system are interdependent, and each exerts considerable influence over the extent and characteristics of the other. Therefore, a performance analysis of non-isothermal sodium systems must consider these processes as complementary and equal in significance to the overall system behavior. This report will focus on the factors which influence the composition and structure of particulates (deposits) and the location and rate at which they are deposited.
Growth of two-dimensional WS2 thin films by pulsed laser deposition technique

Abstract Tungsten disulfide (WS2) is a promising material for potential applications in next-generation 2D-electronics. However, for such applications large-area films will be required. Fabrication techniques involving exfoliation give films of high crystal quality but suffer from the problem of extremely small size of the films which makes it very challenging to realize real devices for industrial applications. In this study, we are reporting the growth of large area two-dimensional ( 2 D) films of WS2 using pulsed laser deposition technique. A polycrystalline WS2 target was ablated using a pulsed KrF excimer laser (wavelength: 248 nm; pulse width: 25 ns). The ablated material was deposited over a c-axis aligned single crystal sapphire substrate maintained at 500 °C in an ambient vacuum of 10−5 Torr. Thickness of the resulting films was controlled by controlling the number of incident laser pulses. Detailed characterization of the films was carried out using several state-of-the-art techniques including atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Relationship between the number of monolayers in the WS2 films and the spacing between the A1g(Γ) and E2g1 (Γ) Raman peaks (Δf) was determined. Effect of post annealing on the optical properties of the films was also investigated.
Effect of Operating Strategies on the Longevity of Lithium-ion Battery Energy Storage Systems

Batteries are increasingly becoming a more viable form of grid-level energy storage as time progresses. Among the different types of batteries present, Li-ion batteries have particularly gained widespread popularity due to their high energy density, high efficiency and decreasing costs. This paper presents a detailed study on maximizing the monetary benefits from a Li-ion Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) for a number of applications, considering the BESS degradation process. The BESS is assumed to be participating in the energy market and is also being applied to supply critical loads when outage events occur to improve the resilience and reliability of the power system. Different operating strategies are tested and the results can be summarized into several suggestions on how to optimally operate the battery while performing energy arbitrage, enhancing system resilience and reliability, and also inhibiting the degradation of the battery.
Enduring phenotype of episodic status migrainosus in a prospectively identified patient

Episodic status migrainosus is a previously described migraine variant where the exclusive phenotype is that of relapsing status migrainosus. The majority of cases have been reported based on retro...
Helmut Schmidt, Euromissiles, and the Peace Movement

On February 1, 2019, President Donald Trump withdrew the United States from a landmark Cold War treaty: the agreement between Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev to ban intermediate-range nuclear missiles from Europe. One day after Trump's announcement, Vladimir Putin announced that Russia would also withdraw from the treaty. Allegations of Russian violations in recent years have thus led to actions that threaten to return Europe to some of the most frightening days of the Cold War.
Sisters of Faith, Stewards of History: Preserving Women Religious Archives:

The archives of women religious provide opportunities for the exploration of untapped resources that challenge researchers to consider religious communities in broad social and cultural contexts an...
Puffery or Law: Reflections on the Florida School Finance Decision

The Supreme Court of the United States has recognized that “education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments,” and has stressed “the importance of education in maintaining our basic institutions.…” Yet, when confronting a claim that state legislatures had violated the National Constitution by refusing to fund local schools equally, the Court found education was not a federal fundamental right. Similarly, every State Constitution requires the State Legislature to establish a public school system and the State Legislatures have enacted a variety of statutes in an attempt to meet the state constitutional obligations. Nevertheless, virtually every State has seen a school finance suit—a claim the state legislature has violated the State Constitution by failing to fund the public schools in an equitable or adequate manner. In some States, such as Kentucky and Texas, these efforts have resulted in significant finance reform, but in other States, the result has been a genuine constitutional crisis where the legislature has refused to comply with the judicial mandates. The recent Florida school finance decision represents a different approach. Although the People of Florida amended their State Constitution to add language, which seemingly imposed the highest possible duty on the State Legislature, the Supreme Court of Florida determined that these words were “puffery” rather than law. Because the words were puffery rather than a substantive limitation on constitutional actors, the Court found the claims to be non-justiciable.
Culture inside: Scale, intimacy, and chronotopic stance in situated narratives

This article focuses on what we define as scalar intimacy in the stories people tell about their embodied experience as sociohistorical beings. Our analysis, based on ethnographic studies in Northern Italy (Perrino) and Beijing, China (Pritzker), examines the ways in which speech participants draw upon various discursive strategies to ‘zoom in’ and ‘pan out’ of both time and space, placing themselves and their activities in relation to various people, ideologies, and practices. Scalar intimacy, we argue, provides a novel framework for understanding the multiple ways in which people use language to scale their embodied experience in relation to culturally situated ideas and forms. Scalar intimacy thus extends the study of scales and fractal recursivity in linguistic anthropology and sociolinguistics. It also contributes to scholarship focusing on how culturally situated meanings are reproduced and challenged over time through specific interactions. (China, chronotope, identity, intimacy, narrative, Northern Italy, scales)*
The landscape of disinformation on health crisis communication during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine: hybrid warfare tactics, fake media news and review of evidence

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the world in ways not seen since the 1918-1920 Spanish Flu. Disinformation campaigns targeting health crisis communication during this pandemic seek to cripple the medical response to the novel coronavirus and instrumentalize the pandemic for political purposes. Propaganda from Russia and other factions is increasingly infiltrating public and social media in Ukraine. Still, scientific literature has only a limited amount of evidence of hybrid attacks and disinformation campaigns focusing on COVID-19 in Ukraine. We conducted a review to retrospectively examine reports of disinformation surrounding health crisis communication in Ukraine during the COVID-19 response. Based on the themes that emerged in the literature, our recommendations are twofold: 1) increase transparency with verified health crisis messaging and, 2) address the leadership gap in reliable regional information about COVID-19 resources and support in Ukraine.
Comparative gene expression in cells competent in or lacking DNA-PKcs kinase activity following etoposide exposure reveal differences in gene expression associated with histone modifications, inflammation, cell cycle regulation, Wnt signaling, and differentiation.

Maintenance of the genome is essential for cell survival, and impairment of the DNA damage response is associated with multiple pathologies including cancer and neurological abnormalities. DNA-PKcs is a DNA repair protein and a core component of the classical nonhomologous end-joining pathway, but it may have roles in modulating gene expression and thus, the overall cellular response to DNA damage. Using cells producing either wild-type (WT) or kinase-inactive (KR) DNA-PKcs, we assessed global alterations in gene expression in the absence or presence of DNA damage. We evaluated differential gene expression in untreated cells and observed differences in genes associated with cellular adhesion, cell cycle regulation, and inflammation-related pathways. Following exposure to etoposide, we compared how KR versus WT cells responded transcriptionally to DNA damage. Downregulation of pathways involved in biosynthesis were observed in both genotypes, but upregulated biological pathways were divergent, again with KR cells manifesting a more robust inflammatory response compared to WT cells. To determine what major transcriptional regulators are controlling the differences in gene expression noted, we used pathway analysis and found that many master regulators of histone modifications, proinflammatory pathways, cell cycle regulation, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and cellular development and differentiation were impacted by DNA-PKcs status. Overall, our results indicate that DNA-PKcs, in a kinase-dependent fashion, decreases proinflammatory signaling following genotoxic insult. As multiple DNA-PK kinase inhibitors are in clinical trial as cancer therapeutics utilized in combination with DNA damaging agents, understanding the transcriptional response when DNA-PKcs cannot phosphorylate downstream targets will inform the overall patient response to combined treatment.
You ask and do not receive, because you ask wrongly:

Investigative interviewing can be thought of as the interaction between two clusters of factors: questions and techniques. Analyses of question types and interview techniques are often treated disc...
Direct 3D printing of transparent magnesium aluminate spinel ceramics

Transparent spinel ceramics were additively manufactured by laser direct deposition, a blown powder additive manufacturing (AM) process. With a laser melt-growth process, the need for powder binders and postprocessing procedures was eliminated. Transparent spinel ceramic samples were directly fabricated from micrometer-size magnesium aluminate spinel powders. The optical transparency of the printed spinel samples was mainly affected by residual porosity and cracking. Among other processing conditions, powder flow rate and laser power showed the most significant effects. An obvious transition from opaqueness to transparency was observed after reducing the powder flow rate below 0.1 g/min. The optical transmittance, morphology, and phase composition of the printed spinel samples were systematically investigated. Microstructural aspects including porosity, cracking, and grain size were also characterized. A maximum optical transmittance of 82% was obtained at a wavelength of 632.8 nm, which was nearly comparable to that of their traditionally sintered counterparts. As the laser power increased, residual porosity steadily decreased, with a minimum porosity of 0.2% achieved. Meanwhile, the total crack length obviously increased, while a relatively smaller variation of the average crack length was observed. The measured mechanical properties, including hardness and fracture toughness, were found to be nearly comparable to those of their sintered counterparts. These well demonstrated the potential of the proposed laser AM method in the direct fabrication of transparent ceramics.
Comparison of Appropriateness and Cost of Echocardiograms Ordered by Pediatric Cardiologists and Primary Care Providers for Syncope

Background: Appropriate use criteria (AUC) address indications for an initial outpatient pediatric transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), including the common indication of syncope. In many labs, these studies can be ordered by a pediatric cardiologist or primary care provider (PCP). TTEs ordered by PCPs have been shown to have lower rates of appropriateness in prior studies, but no study has compared pediatric cardiologists and PCPs in appropriateness and cost effectiveness for TTEs ordered for syncope. Methods: Patients with TTE ordered by a …
Reality check: How adolescents use TikTok as a digital backchanneling medium to speak back against institutional discourses of school(ing)

This article centers on how TikTok’s adolescent users “speak back” to discourses of school(ing) in the US. Through a discussion of four viral, school-related trends that have proliferated on TikTok over the past two years, the author calls attention to the ways school(ing), as a largescale, democratic project and socially constructed phenomenon, is being shaped by young people, for young people on a digital platform that backchannels a largely resistant attitude toward the institutional framing of school(ing) upheld by many adult educators today. The hope is that educators might engage these moments of rupture and feelings of dissonance in considerate ways that do not combat or cheapen the experiences of the young people in classrooms but instead open up opportunities for understanding and dialogue.
The Modern Character of Mental Health Stigma: A 30-Year Examination of Popular Film

Popular film contains an abundance of information pertaining to identity and stigma attributions popularly linked with those experiencing mental health concerns. However, this domain remains under-...
Pro70 Hydroxylation of Actin Impairs Cell Motility Through Binding with VHL and Blocking His73 Methylation

Protein hydroxylation is a post translational modification happens on various amino acids, which is catalyzed by the oxoglutarate and oxygen dependent dioxygenases. The best characterized hydroxylated protein is the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), which is degraded by VHL/elongin C/elongin B/cullin 2/RBX1 (VCB/CR) E3 complex under normal oxygen conditions. Hypoxia or inhibitors (including FG4592 and MK8617) of PHDs stabilize HIF1a and regulate its downstream targets. Prolyl hydroxylase, including PHD2 and PHD3 has been reported in regulating actin polymerization and cell motility. Here, we found MK8617 regulated cell motility in Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) dependent manner. Through the protein hydroxylation proteome experiment upon MK8617 treatment, we identified Pro70 in actin could be hydroxylated and near to His73, which has been reported be methylated and stabilize actin polymerization. Through the biochemical assay, we found that hydroxylated actin (Pro70) binds to VHL and decrease the His73 methylation through blocking the interaction of actin with SETD3, the His73 methyltransferase, and further regulated actin polymerization and cell motility. In summary, our study revealed that hypoxia and deficiencies in the VHL, in a HIF independent and prolyl hydroxylation dependent manner, regulate actin polymerization and cell motility.
You’ve lost that trusting feeling: Diminishing trust in the news media in rural versus urban US communities

In this study, we use Social Identity Theory to examine whether political ideology, where people live, and time correlate with trust in news media in the US. Moreover, we examine whether the correl...
Algebraic Systems Theory and DNA Structure

A new class of algebraic systems, group homatons, is defined, and both an invertibility condition and an inverse construction are given. An application of this work is the group homaton representation and inversion of the Calladine-Dickerson model, which relates the base pair sequence of DNA to its three-dimensional structure.
Update from Animal Science Teaching Section

Fall 2011 enrollment in the Department of Animal Science and Iowa State University were at record highs, and the College of Agriculture and Life Science (CALS) surpassed 3,500—an increase of nearly 300 students in one year. Placement of graduates for CALS and the department remained at about 97 percent within six months of graduation. Approximately 170 companies and organizations attended the October, 2011 CALS career fair, another all-time high. A very high percentage of organizations at the career fair also were looking for interns. A second career fair will be held in February based upon demand from companies and organizations. The fund-raising program for the multi-purpose animal pavilion continues to make progress, surpassing the halfway mark in dollars pledged. The department hopes to finish the fund drive during early 2012.
Isoflurane preconditioning increases endothelial cell tolerance to in-vitro simulated ischaemia.

Objectives Isoflurane preconditioning has been shown to protect endothelial cells against lipopolysaccharide and cytokine induced injury. This study was designed to determine whether isoflurane preconditioning increased endothelial cell tolerance to ischaemia. Methods Bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells were exposed or not exposed to various concentrations of isoflurane for 1 h. After a 30-min isoflurane-free period, cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 3 h and reoxygenation for 1 h. Lactate dehydrogenase release from cells was used to measure cell injury. In some experiments, various protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors and ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP channel) inhibitors were present from 30 min before isoflurane treatment to the end of isoflurane treatment. Key findings Isoflurane preconditioning dose-dependently decreased the OGD induced lactate dehydrogenase release. This protection was inhibited by 2 µM chelerythrine, a general PKC inhibitor, or 10 µM Go6976, an inhibitor for the conventional PKCs. This protection was also inhibited by 0.3 µM glybenclamide, a general KATP channel inhibitor, and 500 µM 5-hydroxydecanoate, a mitochondrial KATP channel blocker. In addition, pretreatment with 100 µM diazoxide, a KATP channel activator, for 1 h also reduced OGD induced endothelial cell injury. This diazoxide induced protection was inhibited by chelerythrine. Conclusions The results suggest that isoflurane preconditioning induces endothelial protection against in-vitro simulated ischemia. This protection may be mediated at least in part by conventional PKCs and mitochondrial KATP channels. The results also indicate that PKCs may be downstream of KATP channels in causing endothelial protection.
Fallacies in Reasoning: Part 2

A plea for the relevance of the topic of fallacies is that for me, and I hope for you, a discussion of errors and argumentation is in fact helpful for successful management of any radiological enterprise be it direction of a department or simply interaction between one radiologist and a colleague who may be a fellow radiologist, a referring physician or an administrator. The opportunity to engage in dialog is inevitable and commonplace even if some radiologists prefer the security of physical isolation. Making your position known is important for your business and I daresay your self-respect. So join with me in a recitation of a few mistaken notions your associates might make but you should not.
Discrete-Event Simulation in Performance Evaluation

Simulation is a computational paradigm used to enable a computer program to emulate the behavior of certain types of physical models. Simulation and computation go hand-in-hand to the earliest days of digital computers. A principle war-time motivation for developing digital computers in the 1940’s was to make possible the simulation of fired projectiles, to aid in the publication of aiming tables on U.S. Navy vessels. Simulations like these are now called continuous simulations, because the essential state of the model changes continuously in time, e.g., the position, direction, and velocity of a projectile. Time-dependent differential equations are used to describe the rules for model state-evolution, and the simulation is essentially the numerical solution of those equations. Numerical solution means that time is discretized, the rules for state evolution are similarly discretized in time, and the entire state of the model is computed at each discretized time as a function of the model state at the previous time-step and the state-evolution rules.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Epidemiology and Etiology

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), also known as acute lymphocytic leukemia, is a malignant neoplasm of the lymphocyte precursor cells, or lymphoblasts, that occurs annually in nearly 4000 people in the US [51]. Leukemic lymphoblasts have exaggerated and uncontrolled growth, fail to mount a normal immune response, and cause a drop in production of normal bone marrow cells that leads to a deficiency of circulating red cells (anemia), platelets (thrombocytopenia), and white cells other than lymphocytes (especially neutrophils, or neutropenia) [146]. Both T-cell and B-cell precursors can give rise to ALL; B-cell ALL represents about 88% of all cases.
Femtosecond measurements of surface-state-electron dynamics on nanostructured Ni surfaces

Summary form only given. We will describe our fs, two-photon photoemission measurements of electron lifetimes and dispersion curves on regular arrays of /spl sim/16 /spl Aring/ wide Ni steps, decorated with monolayer stripes of Ag. The experiments have measured the lifetimes and dispersive properties of the occupied surface and normally unoccupied image electron states. For the first time, we observed band-folding of an induced surface state with a controllable bandwidth.
FOKKER-PLANCK DESCRIPTION OF PARTICLE CHARGING IN IONIZED GASES

We present a Fokker-Planck description of the charging of particles weakly in ionized gases and of the charge fluctuations arising from the statistical nature of this process. Charge fluctuations constitute a Markov process and in the limit of linear charging currents or large particles this process is also Gaussian. The time scale of fluctuations is inversely proportional to the particle size and ion concentration and for small particles it is significantly larger than the particle diffusion time. In this regime Brownian diffusion becomes a mechanism by which charge fluctuations are transported into different regions of the plasma. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Particle spectrum in model field theories from semiclassical solutions of the field equations

Bound-state spectra (of mesons or of solitons-antisolitons) are studied for the sine-Gordon and quartic-coupling nonlinear boson models in one-plus-one dimensions using methods developed previously by the authors for the example of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. In addition to reproducing the spectra first derived by Dashen, Hasslacher, and Neveu (DHN) up to the order of the first quantum correction, we have also calculated (in the semiclassical approximation) all bound-state form factors as well as the matrix elements of the field between any bound state and any continuum state for the scattering of a meson on a bound state. For the sine-Gordon theory the results have been obtained in two ways: first, by an algorithm, derived in due course, for transcribing an exact classical solution into a quantum operator; second, by a systematic expansion about the weak-coupling limit which requires the techniques used previously for the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Only this latter technique is available for the quartic model, but its (more complicated) application here leads to an explanation of why in leading order the same form of bound-state spectra are obtained for the two models. Compared to the work of DHN, aside from methodology, the main new results are the matrixmore » elements of the field operators, but we also present a complete quantum interpretation of all their classical calculations as well as an explanation of why our methods are equivalent. (AIP)« less
Changing Public Organizations: Four Approaches

Abstract Organizational change is a comprehensive and interrelated process involving planning, goal setting, training and developing employees and stakeholders, obtaining sufficient resources, selecting intervention strategies, and monitoring and communicating outcomes. In the public sector frequent political agenda changes, legislative rather than market-driven goals, and insufficient allocations of financial and human resources often hinder change. This article describes four models that public organizations have used both successfully and not to introduce and carry out change: a. means-end models, that use root cause analysis, selection of the “best” intervention, and implement long-term, comprehensive change, such as strategic planning, Total Quality Management, and process re-engineering; b. incremental models, that make minor changes in existing systems to achieve limited, tangible and quick results; c. pluralistic models, that cultivate multiple stakeholder input, resources, and commitment to resol...
ADDITIONAL MECHANISMS FOR THE ORIGIN OF BUBBLES IN ANIMALS DECOMPRESSED TO SIMULATED ALTITUDES.

1. A heavy ingestion of frothy emulsified fat by rats and bullfrogs does not increase susceptibility to bubble formation when the animals are decompressed 2 to 72 hours later. This indicates that gaseous films (bubble nuclei) initially present do not pass across the intestinal wall with the digested fat, and also that high fat content per se in the lymph and blood does not increase susceptibility to bubble formation. 2. Liquid caprylic acid injected into veins of bullfrogs crystallizes when the frogs are cooled. The crystallization causes bubbles to form without muscular activity on subsequent decompression. Cooling normal bullfrogs to 1–2°C. fails, however, to crystallize any substances occurring naturally in the animals that might act in a similar manner. 3. When bullfrogs are cooled (e.g. to –5° to –10°C.) until ice forms in the blood vessels, and are then warmed and decompressed, bubbles form in the absence of exercise. Crystallization of water in the body thus forms nuclei or even small bubbles that persist. If only one foot is frozen, bubbles originate in the frozen foot. In some cases visible bubbles were observed in thawed feet at sea level (i.e. without decompression). When frog's blood is partly frozen in test tubes or in tied off sections of veins, bubbles will appear on decompression in the absence of mechanical agitation. The practical relation of this phenomenon to flight at high altitude should not be overlooked. 4. Fracturing a leg bone (tibia or femur) in a frog induces bubble formation on subsequent decompression. Bubble nuclei, which persist for ½ to 1 hour, are probably formed as a result of the intense mechanical disturbance when the bone snaps. Fracturing of bone is considerably more effective than crushing muscles for producing bubbles in frogs.
Detection of surface and buried mines with an UHF airborne SAR

ABSTRACT A small minefield was deployed in the desert near Yuma Arizona in June 1993. Radar data of this minefield was collected by ground based and airborne radar sensors. The mine field consists of M-20 metal and M-80 plastic anti-armor mines and Valmara-69 anti-personnel mines. The mines were deployed on the surface and buried at three different depths. Images and analysis of the minefield, which are derived from data collected by the SRI FOLPEN II synthetic aperture radar, are presented here. The minefield was imaged over three bands form 100 to 500 MHz and at various depression angles with this radar sensor. The image analysis is compared to the modeling results of surface and buried mine like objects. We also show the results of a new Radio Frequency Interference (RH) rejection algorithm and the imagequality improvement we achieved. 1 . INTRODUCTION A ground penetration experiment was conducted in June of 1993 near Yuma Arizona[1]. In this experiment, a large number of targets of various shapes and sizes were both buried and placed on thesurface. Among these objects were tactical targets like mines and 5-ton trucks, and canonical targets like
Least-Volume Optimization of Finned Heat Sinks for Burn-in Air-Cooling Solutions

With the development and increasing use of high-density components with their high power dissipation needs, electronic packages have required the investigation of innovative techniques for the efficient dissipation of heat. One prevalent method is the use of forced convection heat spreaders, called heat sinks, which are also widely used in Burn-In (BI) ovens. There are some contradictions remaining in recent research on modeling and Nusselt number correlations of heat sinks in forced air convection. This paper begins by reviewing past research for different finned heat sink geometries with and without bypass flow over the heat sinks. A new method called Least Volume Optimization is then proposed to analyze the thermal performance of finned heat sinks for BI air-cooling solutions. The analysis shows that the volumetric heat dissipation of a parallel plate fin heat sink is higher than that of a pin fin heat sink, based on an optimal fin geometry.Copyright © 2003 by ASME