cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Engagement and Clinical Improvement Among Older Adult Primary Care Patients Using a Mobile Intervention for Depression and Anxiety: Case Studies.

Background: Technology-based mental health interventions are an increasingly attractive option for expanding access to mental health services within the primary care system. Older adults are among the groups that could potentially benefit from the growing ubiquity of technology-based mental health interventions; however, older adults are perceived to be averse to using technology and have reported barriers to use. Objective: The aim of this paper is to present a case study of 3 participants from a clinical trial evaluating IntelliCare, an evidence-based mobile intervention for depression and anxiety, among adults recruited from primary care clinics. Our report of these 3 participants, who were aged 60 years or older, focuses on their engagement with the IntelliCare service (ie, app use, coach communication) and clinical changes in depression or anxiety symptoms over the intervention period. Methods: The 3 case study participants were offered IntelliCare with coaching for 8 weeks. The intervention consisted of 5 treatment intervention apps that support a variety of psychological skills, a Hub app that contained psychoeducational content and administered weekly assessments, and coaching for encouragement, accountability, and technical assistance as needed. The 3 case study participants were selected to reflect the overall demographics of participants within the trial and because their interactions with IntelliCare provided a good illustration of varied experiences regarding engagement with the intervention. Results: The 3 participants’ unique experiences with the intervention are described. Despite potential barriers and experiencing some technical glitches, the participants showed proficient ability to use the apps, high levels of participation through frequent app use and coach interaction, and decreased depression and anxiety scores. At the end of the 8-week intervention, each of these 3 participants expressed great enthusiasm for the benefit of this program through feedback to their coach, and they each identified a number of ways they had seen improvements in themselves. Conclusions: These 3 cases provide examples of older individuals who engaged with and benefitted from the IntelliCare service. Although the results from these 3 cases may not generalize to others, they provide an important, informed perspective of the experiences that can contribute to our understanding of how older adults use and overcome barriers to mental health technologies. The findings also contribute toward the ultimate goal of ensuring that the IntelliCare intervention is appropriate for individuals of all ages.
Chapter 29 – Visualizing Cantor cheese construction

Publisher Summary This chapter introduces the Cantor cheese––an artistically interesting analog of the Cantor set described by Mandelbrot. A related object, the solenoid, is also explored. Computer programs are given for Cantor cheese and solenoid construction. The solenoid is a topological construction that arises from, and is related to, the Cantor set. It is one of the principal examples of a strange attractor in dynamical systems theory. Instead, some formulas are developed that help elucidate its self-similar structure, and allow computer graphical generation of images––which are pleasing in their simplicity and grace–– yet sufficiently complex to intrigue the eye.
Multiparticipant Rehabilitation in Skilled Nursing Facilities: An Observational Comparison Study.

Abstract Objectives Post-acute care reform creates an impetus for skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) to reevaluate care delivery to promote value. One method to contain costs is to deliver rehabilitation with multiple individuals and 1 therapist. Our preliminary investigation proposed to identify clinical prescribing patterns for multiparticipant therapy and evaluate the impact on functional change. Design The study design was observational with prospective data collection. Setting and Participants Data were collected on 458 individuals admitted to 1 SNF. Measures Therapists administered the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and gait speed at admission and discharge. Unadjusted binomial logistic regression models analyzed the odds ratio for receiving multiparticipant therapy. Linear regression models analyzed the impact of multiparticipant therapy on functional outcomes. Results The odds of receiving multiparticipant therapy were greater with private pay or managed care compared with Medicare A [odds ratio (OR) 2.542; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.631–3.960 and OR 2.182; 95% CI 1.812–2.629] or a Medicare priority diagnosis (OR 1.333; 95% CI 1.176–1.511). The odds of not receiving multiparticipant therapy were greater with pain that affects activity and sleep (OR 0.836; 95% CI 0.710–0.984; OR 0.809; 95% CI 0.662–0.989). The amount of multiparticipant therapy sessions did not affect adjusted functional change in the SPPB or gait speed (P > .195). Irrespective of care delivery mode, individuals demonstrated levels of function predictive of adverse events at discharge. Conclusions and Implications Payer source, diagnosis, and presence of significant pain may play a role in selection for multiparticipant therapy, with no differences in functional outcomes related to rehabilitation delivery. Importantly, individuals discharge from the SNF at alarmingly low levels of function, prompting the need to assess SNF rehabilitation and transition to the community, regardless of care delivery mode. Further research will inform an evidence-based decision guide regarding different modes and quality of SNF rehabilitation care delivery.
Bringing Beneficiaries More Centrally into Nonprofit Education and Research

This paper makes the case for bringing beneficiaries more centrally into nonprofit research and education. First, the paper provides a historical overview of how scholars in three fields came to re...
Abstract TP14: Endovascular Thrombectomy May Improve Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke and Pre-Morbid Stroke Disability

Background: Whether Endovascular Thrombectomy (EVT) may improve clinical outcomes in patientswith Pre-Stroke disability as compared to medical management only (MM) is unknown. Methods: A retrospect...
Evaluating Staffing Levels in Milk Lab Using Discrete Event Simulation

This study uses discrete event simulation (DES) to evaluate various staffing levels at a milk lab in an academic medical center. The studied milk lab operates 10 hours a day and 7 days a week and processes on average 45 orders from a 64-bed Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). We categorized the orders into simple and complex orders. The ranges for percentages of simple and complex orders were obtained by reviewing the historical data of orders at the milk lab. A DES model was then built to evaluate the number of required technicians at the milk lab by varying the number of orders as well as the percentage of complex orders. The performance measures studied in our simulation model were the makespan and utilization of the milk lab technicians. Based on the results, three technicians is a reasonable level of staffing conditional on timely start of the orders.
Synchrotron radiation with radiation reaction

A rigorous discussion is presented of the classical motion of a relativistic electron in a magnetic field and the resulting electromagnetic radiation when radiation reaction is important. In particular, for an electron injected with initial energy gamma(0), a systematic perturbative solution to the Lorentz-Dirac equation of motion is developed for field strengths satisfying gamma(0) B much less than 6 x 10 to the 15th G. A particularly accurate solution to the electron orbital motion in this regime is found and it is demonstrated how lowest-order corrections can be calculated. It is shown that the total energy-loss rate corresponds to what would be found using the exact Larmor power formula without including radiation reaction. Provided that the particle energy and field strength satisfy the same contraint, it is explicitly demonstrated that the intuitive prescription for calculating the time-integrated radiation spectrum described above is correct.
BN Powder Synthesis at Low Temperatures

Preparation de poudre ultrafine de BN par reactions chimiques a basse temperature: reactions de NaBH 4 avec NH 4 Cl dans un solvant organique, de NH 3 avec BCl 3 et de NH 4 Cl avec BCl 3 . On obtient des composes precurseurs dont la decomposition carbothermique donne des poudres de BN amorphes
Reappraisal of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Idiopathic Outflow Tract Arrhythmias

CMR in Idiopathic RVOT Arrhythmias Introduction Because of prognostic and therapeutic implications, the distinction between idiopathic right ventricular (RV) outflow tract (iRVOT) and arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is clinically important. Over the last 2 decades multiple reports have identified RV abnormalities using CMR in patients with idiopathic VT, suggesting a link between these arrhythmias and ARVC. The purpose of this study was to assess for structural abnormalities in patients with iRVOT tachycardia using contemporary cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. Methods and Results CMR was performed in 46 patients with iRVOT tachycardia and 16 normal controls, with quantitative evaluation of RV and left ventricular volumes and function, as well as assessment of myocardial fat and scar. iRVOT patients were similar to controls with respect to RV end-diastolic volumes (81 ± 19 mL/m2 vs. 79 ± 18 mL/m2, P = 0.77) and RV ejection fraction (57 ± 8% vs. 59 ± 7%, P = 0.31). The prevalence of RV chamber dilation, defined using ARVC major task force criteria, was uncommon among iRVOT patients (9%) and controls (7%; P = 1.0). Regional RV wall motion abnormalities were present in 2 iRVOT patients who had concomitant RV dilation or dysfunction. CMR tissue characterization demonstrated absence of both myocardial scar and fat infiltration in all patients and controls. Conclusions In patients with the clinical diagnosis of iRVOT tachycardia, CMR reveals RV structure, function, and myocardial tissue characteristics similar to normal controls. These findings suggest that the vast majority of patients with RVOT arrhythmias have a primary electrical disorder that is not a forme-fruste of ARVC.
Rapid Temperature Predictions in Data Centers using Multi-Parameter Proper Orthogonal Decomposition

A proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)-based multi-parameter, reduced-order modeling framework that rapidly predicts air temperatures in an air-cooled data center is developed. The modeling parameters are heat load and time. The framework is applied on initial temperature snapshots acquired near a server simulator rack by measurements at discrete time instants and selected rack heat loads. To estimate the accuracy of the modeling framework, the predicted temperature data are compared with corresponding experimental observations. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated to be effective and efficient for full-factorial parametric temperature characterization.
Efficacy of intraoperative enteroscopy in diagnosis and prevention of recurrent, occult gastrointestinal bleeding

The role and effectiveness of intraoperative enteroscopy in the evaluation of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding of obscure origin is not clearly defined. Our aim was to determine if intraoperative enteroscopy is effective in identifying a source, which would lead to therapy and prevent recurrent gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Forty-four patients (median age: 64 years) underwent intraoperative enteroscopy. Median number of preoperative blood transfusions, duration of bleeding (months), and prior hospitalizations for GI hemorrhage were 19, 15, and 2, respectively. Many patients had risk factors associated with bleeding. All had undergone an extensive preoperative evaluation. Intraoperative enteroscopy was completely negative in 13 (30%). A site-specific source was seen in the small bowel in 31 patients (70%); 27 patients had lesions amenable to segmental resection with or without other means of definitive management. Only 6 of 31 patients (19%) had lesions that were actively bleeding. Twenty-three (52%) patients have had recurrent bleeding requiring transfusion (median follow-up: 21 months). Although intraoperative enteroscopy identified specific mucosal abnormalities in 70% of patients, the therapeutic efficacy in preventing recurrent hemorrhage was only 41%. Intraoperative enteroscopy is an effective tool in selected patients with occult GI bleeding and correctly identifies a treatable source and prevents recurrent bleeding in 41% of patients.
Genetic Gain in Yield Potential of Upland Cotton under Varying Plant Densities

Genetic gain studies have been used to evaluate the historical improvement of different traits, to provide insights into magnitudes of gain possible in future cultivars, and to defend the role of genetics during periods of stagnant or decreasing yield trends. This study was conducted over a 2-yr period and included nine current or obsolete cotton (Gossyplum hirsutum L.) cultivars grown in five plant densities to evaluate genetic gain with varying levels of interplant competition. The rates of genetic gain for lint yield were highest in the commercial, 1 by 0.3 m, and 1 by 1 m plant spacing treatments with slopes of 8.7, 8.2, and 7.1 kg ha -1 yr 1 , respectively. Slopes were reduced in the 2 by 2 m and 3 by 3 m spacing treatments with gains of 3.6 and 1.5 kg ha -1 yr 1 , respectively, implying that for lint yield, genetic gains have been made for tolerance to interplant competition and not only yield potential per se.
Phospholipid and phospholipid fatty acid composition of mixed murine spinal cord neuronal cultures

The phospholipid and phospholipid fatty acid compositions of mixed murine spinal cord neuronal cultures are reported. The phospholipid composition was primarily comprised of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (44.8%) and choline glycerophospholipids (43.5%). Plasmalogens made up 29.1% of the ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (13.0% of the total phospholipids) and 4.5% of the choline glycerophospholipids (1.9% of the total phospholipids). Other phospholipids ranged from 2.9% for sphingomyelin to 1.0% for phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. The fatty acid compositions of the ethanolamine glycerophospholipids, choline glycerophospholipids, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol were also determined. The choline glycerophospholipids were the most saturated and contained the smallest amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The ethanolamine glycerophospholipids were the most unsaturated and contained the highest amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The phospholipids contained minimal amounts of 20:3 n-9 (Mead acid) and are not considered polyunsaturated fatty acid deficient. Thus, for the mixed neuronal spinal cord cultures, the phospholipid fatty acid compositions were not polyunsaturated fatty acid deficient and contained a large amount of polyenoic fatty acids of both the n-3 and n-6 series.
Large‐scale production of monoclonal antibodies in suspension culture

Monoclonal antibodies are being manufactured for clinical trials in suspension culture at the 1300-L scale. Suspension culture offers some advantages relative to high-density mammalian cell culture methods; in particular, the ability to closely monitor the behavior of cells in a homogeneous environment. Computer control and on-line mass spectrography of exit gases provide instantaneous information about the culture metabolic activity. Air sparging and agitation by marine impeller provide aeration sufficient to maintain a constant dissolved oxygen tension at cell concentrations up to 5.0 x 10(6) cells/mL without causing apparent cell damage.
Experimental studies of human bladder cancer: heterotransplantation to the hamster cheek pouch.

SUMMARY An experimental testing method was devised to study in vivo the chemo–responsiveness of human bladder tumours growing as xenografts in the hamster cheek pouch. These tumours maintained their human specificity. Some parallels were observed between the response of these tumours to 5–Fluorouracil and Mitomycin–C and clinical observations of the effectiveness of these drugs in treating patients with bladder cancer.
Damping composite materials by machine augmentation

The energy dissipation performance of machine augmented composite materials is investigated. Machine augmented composites are simple machines in a matrix. Fluid-filled tubes are used as machines; the tube cross-sectional geometry induces fluid flow when deformed. This flow dissipates mechanical energy and provides the composite material with attractive damping properties. Time accurate, three-dimensional finite element models are used to predict the performance of these damping materials with zero pressure at the ends of the tubes. Particular attention is given to dimensionless parameters that govern the energy dissipation efficiency of a machine-augmented lamina. An important dimensionless parameter is the ratio of solid elastic moduli to the product of the driving frequency and the fluid dynamic viscosity. For the geometry, the material properties, and the loading type considered the highest single-cycle efficiency predicted by these models is approximately 0.8 out of a maximum of 1.0.
Process safety aspects in water-gas-shift (WGS) membrane reactors used for pure hydrogen production

Abstract The syngas produced by coal gasification processes can be utilized in Pd-based water-gas-shift membrane reactors for the production of pure H 2 . Pd/alloy composite membrane reactors exhibit comparative advantages over traditional packed bed reactors such as simultaneous reaction/separation in one compact unit and increased reaction yields. Furthermore, the development of comprehensive process intensification strategies could further enhance membrane reactor performance resulting in a substantially smaller and functional, inherently safer, environmentally friendlier and more energy efficient process. A systematic non-isothermal modeling framework under both steady state and dynamic/transient conditions for a catalytic high temperature water-gas shift reaction in a Pd-based membrane reactor has been developed to characterize the dynamic behavior of the process system at various operating conditions from a process safety standpoint. In particular, various reaction conditions as well as key process variables such as feed temperature and flow rate, catalyst loading, driving force for H 2 permeation are considered as they are critically related to various safety aspects in the operation of a Pd-based membrane reactor. Within the proposed framework, process parameters and operating conditions which may induce hazards and compromise process safety are identified, analyzed and characterized. Finally, the proposed approach is evaluated through detailed simulation studies in an illustrative case study involving a real Pd-based membrane reactor used for pure hydrogen production and separation that exhibits complex behavior over a wide operating regime.
Ecologically Unequal Exchange and the Resource Consumption/Environmental Degradation Paradox: A Panel Study of Less-Developed Countries, 1970-2000

Ecologically unequal exchange theory posits that the vertical flow of exports is a structural mechanism allowing for more-developed countries to partially externalize their consumption-based environmental impacts to lesser-developed countries. It is argued that these structural relationships contribute to environmental degradation in the latter while directly suppressing resource consumption opportunities for domestic populations, often well below globally sustainable thresholds. To assess the validity of the propositions, the authors conduct fixed effects and random effects panel regression analyses of the effects of the vertical flow of primary sector exports on deforestation and a refined per capita footprint measure for two samples of less-developed countries, 1970—2000. Results support the stated arguments of ecologically unequal exchange theory and point to the need for more rigorous comparative analyses to increase our collective understanding of the environmental and human well-being consequences ...
Identity of RW-47 and venoterpine and determination of their absolute configuration

RW-47 und Venoterpin sind identisch. Die absolute Konfiguration ist durch ORD-CD, Vergleiche mitl-(−)-actinidin ableitbar.
Seasonal Trends in Epibenthic Fish Assemblages in the Near-shore Waters of the Western Yellow Sea, Qingdao, People's Republic of China

Seasonal trends in epibenthic fish assemblages in the near-shore waters of Shandong Province, People's Republic of China, were characterized by 82 tows using a 4·9 m otter trawl at three 16 km−2sites sampled semi-monthly from March through November 1993. Fish assemblages were composed of 15 families and 27 species. Two families, each with six representative species, dominated the catch; Sciaenidae and Gobiidae. All individuals of the commercially important white croakerArgyrosomus argentatus(Houttuyn) were young of the year (YOY), with a maximum standard length (SL) of 18·0 cm (mean=5·0±3·2 cm). Mean fish abundance and biomass were estimated at 29·3 individuals ha−1and 189·1 g ha−1, respectively. Highest abundance, lowest diversity and lowest evenness occurred in September (771 individuals ha−1; diversity, H′=1·22; evenness, J′=0·34; species richness, S=12), whereas highest biomass, diversity and species richness were recorded in July (4760 g ha−1; H′=2·61; S=14). Lowest abundance was found in May (110 individuals ha−1), and lowest species richness and mean biomass in March (S=11; 626 4 g ha−1). Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric analysis of variance showed significant differences among sites for monthly mean abundance, biomass and taxa per tow. Consistently higher values in abundance and biomass were found at one of three sites (North site), perhaps due to differences in sediment type and composition or influences from nearby Jiaozhou Bay.
Prophylactic Antibiotics in Common Dog Bite Wounds: A Controlled Study

A double-blind prospective study of 98 patients was carried out, but 57 (58%) returned for follow-up and form the basis of this report. Wound irrigation and debridement were found to be important in reducing infection. Hand wounds were most likely to become infected; face and scalp wounds were at low risk. Puncture wounds became infected more often than did lacerations. Suturing wounds did not increase the likelihood of infection except on the hand, where the data were equivocal. Prophylactic penicillin decreased the incidence of infection in high-risk wounds; there was no difference in low-risk wounds. Cultures of wounds showed many different organisms but were of no predictive value. Pasteurella multocida was found very rarely. Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 10% of all infections, a finding which makes use of a penicillinase-resistant penicillin logical.
Effect of topical formaldehyde on canine bladder

Abstract Ten per cent formaldehyde was instilled into the bladders of 13 mongrel dogs. Nine of the 13 dogs had detectable amounts of formaldehyde in their serum thirty minutes later. In 1 dog spontaneous gangrene and perforation of the bladder developed, and 3 others died of related causes within three weeks. Histologic examination of the bladder was abnormal in all but 2 dogs. The chronic effects of topical formaldehyde appeared to be dystrophic calcification within the bladder wall.
Domain-wall memory buffer for low-energy NoCs

Networks-on-chip (NoCs) have become a leading energy consumer in modern multi-core processors, with a considerable portion of this energy originating from the large number of virtual channel (FIFO) buffers. While emerging memories have been considered for many architectural components such as caches, the asymmetric access properties and relatively small size of network-FIFOs compared to the required peripheral circuitry has led to few such replacements proposed for NoCs. In this paper, we propose control schemes that leverage the “shift-register” nature of spintronic domain-wall memory (DWM) to replace conventional memory buffers for the NoC. Our results indicate that the best shift-based scheme utilizes a dual-nanowire approach to ensure that reads and writes can be more effectively aligned with access ports for simultaneous access in the same cycle. Our approach provides a 2.93X speedup over a DWM buffer using a traditional FIFO memory control scheme with a 1.16X savings in energy. Compared to a SRAM-FIFO it exhibits an 8% message latency degradation versus a 56% energy reduction. The resulting approach achieves a 53% reduction in energy delay product compared to SRAM and a 42% reduction in energy delay product versus STT-MRAM.
High-performance liquid chromatography detection of sulfide in tissues from sulfide-treated mice

The biological and forensic use of ion-interaction reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of hydrogen sulfide-derived methylene blue is evaluated by measuring the sulfide content in tissues from sulfide-treated mice. Various preparative conditions were examined. The determinations of background levels of sulfide from brain, liver and kidney were compared to sulfide levels from mice exposed to 60 micrograms g-1 sodium hydrosulfide. At the time of death, significant increases above background sulfide levels were measured for all three biological tissues. To evaluate its forensic potential, we used this sulfide detection methodology to evaluate comparatively the sulfide levels from fresh and frozen samples of brain, liver and kidney. The stability of sulfide levels obtained from frozen brain makes this tissue the most reliable tissue for forensic evaluation. Samples of brain, liver and kidney obtained within 24 h of death by sulfide intoxication had demonstrable elevations in sulfide concentration.
Understanding the kinetics of coal electrolysis at intermediate temperatures

Abstract The kinetics of coal electrolysis was studied on a bench continuous coal electrolytic cell setup at intermediate temperatures by applying galvanostatic polarization techniques. The results showed that coal oxidation takes place during the contact of the coal particles with the electrode and it is directly related to electrode composition and the presence of Fe(III) ions in the slurry solution. Coal electro-oxidation by Fe(III) is the limiting step in the oxidation of a 0.02 g mL −1 coal slurry containing 100 mM Fe(II)/Fe(III) at high currents (100 mA) at 108 °C with a 65 mL min −1 flow rate. The study suggests that the films that grow at the surface of the coal particles limit the coal conversion. A mechanism is proposed to describe the coal oxidation process.
Composite Matrix Cooling Scheme for Small Gas Turbine Combustors

The design, manufacture, and testing of a compliant metal/ceramic (CMC) wall cooling concept-implementing combustor for small gas turbine engines has been undertaken by a joint U.S. Army/NASA technology development program. CMC in principle promises greater wall cooling effectiveness than conventional designs and materials, thereby facilitating a substantial reduction in combustor cooling air requirements and furnishing greater airflow for the control of burner outlet temperature patterns as well as improving thermodynamic efficiency and reducing pollutant emissions and smoke levels. Rig test results have confirmed the projected benefits of the CMC concept at combustor outlet temperatures of the order of 2460 F, at which approximately 80 percent less cooling air than conventionally required was being employed by the CMC combustor.
Neotectonics and fluvial geomorphology of the Northern Sinai Peninsula

Abstract Large anticlinal ridges of Jurassic-Tertiary limestone in the northern Sinai Peninsula are part of the Syrian Arc Fold Belt, parts of which have been active intermittently from Late Cretaceous through the present. Recent uplift of the Syrian Arc Fold Belt is supported by quantitative indices of active tectonics including low values of mountain front sinuosity and, by recent seismicity, extending southwest past Cairo into the Fayoum Depression. The northern Sinai Desert has a climate similar to that of the adjacent part of the eastern Sahara. Sand sheets and dune fields cover its northwestern part, which is a depression extending from the Suez Canal to Wadi El-Arish. Numerous dry channels of palaeorivers and streams lead into this depression, where several temporary palaeolakes and flood overbank deposits have been identified. Some of the temporary pluvial palaeolakes developed behind natural dams formed by folds of the Syrian Arc, whereas others filled deeply-eroded fault traces. Migration of sand dunes may have blocked some channels, but the location of the dunes seems to be controlled by Recent uplift of parts of the fold belt, with the dunes residing in synclinal depressions and adjacent to fault scarps. The palaeolakes are correlated more with structures than with active dune fields. Wadi El-Arish abandoned a channel west of its present-day course, perhaps because of recent growth and uplift of the Gebel Halal Fold. This abandonment was synchronous with down-cutting of a gorge through Gebel Halal, which follows conjugate faults formed during uplift of an anticline. The presence of standing water during wetter climates in the past is supported by silt deposits and archaeological evidence of previous human habitation. The newly identified lake margin and fluvial sediments could be important targets for studying early-modern human and Neanderthal activities. In the eastern Sahara, cycles of pluvial periods that date back 320,000 years appear to correspond to interglacial stages. These indicate major global climate changes resulting in alternation of wet and dry climate episodes, which interplayed with local tectonic uplift to dramatically change the physiography of the northern Sinai.
LAND-USE COMPETITION ON A GEOMORPHIC SURFACE: THE MANGO IN SOUTHERN FLORIDA

From its ancestral home in Indo-Burma, the mango was spread into the Western Hemisphere by the Portuguese and Spanish during the period of exploration and discovery. It was brought into Florida over a century ago and, through intermittent periods of wax and wane, mango production has become concentrated on the crestal portions of a Pleistocene limestone surface in southeastern Dade County. The Pleistocene surface, however, is also highly valued for residential development, and the mango groves are gradually being converted to urban land use. Although the groves are being displaced, many trees are retained in the urban setting and continue to produce fruit for the commercial market.
Treatment Desires and Symptomatology Among Substance-Abusing Homeless Mothers: What I Want Versus What I Need

The current study sought to identify information that may inform treatment providers regarding services for, and engagement of, substance-abusing homeless mothers. Shelter-recruited, substance-abusing homeless mothers' desires for treatment in several commonly reported problem areas including substance use, parenting, depressive symptoms/mood, physical health, and childhood abuse history were assessed. The correspondence between mother's desire for treatment and self-reported problem severity was also examined. The majority of mothers reported at least some desire (versus no desire at all) for assistance with substance use, depressive symptoms/mood, and parenting. A series of independent-sample t tests and chi-square tests showed that mothers indicating any treatment desire in the areas of substance use, depressive symptoms/mood, health problems, and sexual abuse also reported higher levels of severity in the corresponding problem areas. The findings imply that psychosocial treatment should be available to all homeless mothers entering the shelter system, especially given that problem severity appears to be a fair indicator of interest in treatment.
Synchronization of limit cycle oscillations in diffusively-coupled systems

We present analytical and numerical conditions to verify whether limit cycle oscillations synchronize in diffusively coupled systems. We consider both compartmental ODE models, where each compartment represents a spatial domain of components interconnected through diffusion terms with like components in different compartments, and reaction-diffusion PDEs with Neumann boundary conditions. In both the discrete and continuous spatial domains, we assume the uncoupled dynamics are determined by a nonlinear system which admits an asymptotically stable limit cycle. The main contribution of the paper is a method to certify when the stable oscillatory trajectories of a diffusively coupled system are robust to diffusion, and to highlight cases where diffusion in fact leads to loss of spatial synchrony. We illustrate our results with a relaxation oscillator example.
Far Infrared Spectra of Magnetic Materials

The far infrared spectral region (~ 10–100 cm−1) corresponds to kT for T = 15–150°K or βH for H = 105–106 oe. Materials with characteristic temperatures or fields of these orders of magnitude may have interesting far infrared spectra. We have studied far infrared resonance spectra in antiferromagnetic and in ferromagnetic rare-earth iron garnets.
PROFITABLE AND SUSTAINABLE SOIL TEST-BASED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Soil testing determines nutrient, lime, gypsum or S, leaching requirements for crops, and potential elemental toxicity to crops and/or their consumers. The majority of farmers do not use soil testing or use higher or lower than economic optimum nutrient rates. Shortcomings of the current soil testing methodology are inability to predict yields, large soil test spacial and temporal variability, inability to reflect dynamics of field parameters that affect nutrient availability, lack of accurate tests for nutrient mineralization, and lack of accurate nutrient response functions. In situ chlorophyll and quick sap tests; or remote sensing with variable rate technology (VRT) can overcome some of soil testing problems. Nutrient uptake efficiencies are low due to the lack of well-funded research efforts on breeding crops with better root systems and nutrient uptake efficiencies. Skogley's diffusion-dependent resin test, with a long equilibrium time, should be used as a standard to evaluate other soil tests, inst...
Electronic packaging of the IBM System z196 enterprise-class server processor cage

In this paper, we describe the first- and second-level system packaging structure of the IBM zEnterprise® 196 (z196) enterprise-class server. The design point required a more than 50% overall increase in system performance (in millions of instructions per second) in comparison to its predecessor. This resulted in a new system design that includes, among other things, increased input/output bandwidth, more processors with higher frequencies, and increased current demand of more than 2,000 A for the six processor chips and two cache chips per multichip module. To achieve these targets, we implemented several new packaging technologies. The z196 enterprise-class server uses a new differential memory interface between the processor chips and custom-designed server memory modules. The electrical power delivery system design follows a substantially new approach using Vicor Factor Power® blocks, which results in higher packaging integration density and minimized package electrical losses. The power noise decoupling strategy was changed because of the availability of deep-trench technology on the new processor chip generation.
Determining the Structural Topology of KCNE1 in a Lipid Bilayer using Electron Paramagentic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy

KCNE1 (also known as MinK) is a membrane-bound protein with a single transmembrane section consisting of 129 amino acids with a molecular weight of 15.7 kD. The main function of KCNE1 is to modulate the activity of the KCNQ1 voltage-gated potassium ion channel in the human heart. This potassium modulation is critical for repolarization in the heart, specifically in the left ventricle. Mutations in the KCNE1 gene can result in genetic disorders such as long QT syndrome, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), as well as deafness. However, most current KCNE1 studies are from a functional standpoint, which leaves the structural and dynamic information of the protein unknown. EPR spectroscopy is a very powerful structural biology tool that can be used to determine the structural topology of membrane proteins with respect to its membrane environment. In this study, we use the EPR power saturation and EPR membrane alignment techniques coupled with site-directed spin-labeling (SDSL) to study the structural topology of KCNE1 with respect to the lipid bilayer.
Proposal for a National Policy Assessment and Action Program

This article is concerned with four major propositions: 1) The next major thrust in long‐range planning will come in the public sector, and is a thrust long overdue. 2) Over the past two decades we have significantly improved corporate planning in the private sector. We still have much to learn, but compared with the early efforts we are now high on the learning curve. 3) The fundamental lessons we have learned in the private sector in doing comprehensive long‐range planning are applicable to the introduction, development, and success of aggregate integrated long‐range planning in the public sector. 4) It is imperative that a dialogue begin immediately between practitioners of long‐range planning in the private sector and those in the public sector who are directly involved in the development of this process. Both groups have much to learn from each other, but it is particularly important that those in the public sector be exposed to the first‐hand experience of those in the private sector.
Intakes of Fruits, Vegetables, Vitamins A, C, and E, and Carotenoids and Risk of Renal Cell Cancer

Background: Fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants have been proposed to reduce the risk of renal cell cancer. However, few prospective studies have examined the intakes of fruits, vegetables, and antioxidant vitamins in relation to the risk of renal cell cancer. Methods: We prospectively examined the associations between the intakes of fruits, vegetables, vitamins A, C, and E, and carotenoids and risk of renal cell cancer in women and men. We followed 88,759 women in the Nurses' Health Study from 1980 to 2000, and 47,828 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study from 1986 to 2000. We assessed dietary intake every 2 to 4 years using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate study-specific multivariate relative risks (RR), which were pooled using a random effects model. Results: A total of 248 (132 women and 116 men) incident renal cell cancer cases were ascertained during 2,316,525 person-years of follow-up. The consumption of fruits and vegetables was associated with a decreased risk of renal cell cancer in men (multivariate RR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.25-0.81, for ≥6 servings of fruit and vegetable intake/d versus <3 servings/d; P test for trend = 0.02), but not in women (multivariate RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.66-2.07, for the same contrast; P test for trend = 0.25; P test for between-studies heterogeneity = 0.02). Intakes of vitamins A and C from food and carotenoids were inversely associated with the risk of renal cell cancer in men only, but we cannot exclude the possibility that this was due to other factors in fruit and vegetables. No clear association was observed for vitamin E in women or men. Conclusions: Fruit and vegetable consumption may reduce the risk of renal cell cancer in men. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;12(24):2445–52)
Dynamics of One-pass Germinal Center Models: Implications for Affinity Maturation

During an immune response, the affinity of antibodies that react with the antigen that triggered the response increases with time, a phenomenon known as affinity maturation. The molecular basis of affinity maturation has been partially elucidated. It involves the somatic mutation of immunoglobulin V-region genes within antigen-stimulated germinal center B cells and the subsequent selection of high affinity variants. This mutation and selection process is extremely efficient and produces large numbers of high affinity variants. Studies of the architecture of germinal centers suggested that B cells divide in the dark zone of the germinal center, then migrate to the light zone, where they undergo selection based on their interaction with antigen-loaded follicular dendritic cells, after which they exit the germinal center through the mantle zone. Kepler and Perelson questioned this architecturally driven view of the germinal center reaction. They, as well as others, argued that the large number of point mutations observed in germinal center B cell V-region genes, frequently 5 to 10 and sometimes higher, would most likely render cells incapable of binding the antigen, if no selection step was interposed between rounds of mutations. To clarify this issue, we address the question of whether a mechanism in which mutants are generated and then selected in one pass, with no post-selection amplification, can account for the observed efficiency of affinity maturation. We analyse a set of one-pass models of the germinal center reaction, with decaying antigen, and mutation occurring at transcription or at replication. We show that under all the scenarios, the proportion of high affinity cells in the output of a germinal center varies logarithmically with their selection probability. For biologically realistic parameters, the efficiency of this process is in clear disagreement with the experimental data. Furthermore, we discuss a set of, possibly counterintuitive, more general features of one-pass selection models that follow from our analysis. We believe that these results may also provide useful intuitions in other cases where a population is subjected to selection mediated by a selective force that decays over time.
LCL filter design for grid-connected inverters by analytical estimation of PWM ripple voltage

LCL filter is becoming an attractive choice over conventional L filters for grid-connected voltage source inverters (VSI) due to smaller inductor size and better attenuation of the ripple components in the grid current. The modulation of the VSI generates switched voltages which results in distorted currents. In this paper, a simple closed form analytical expression is derived for the higher order switching components present in the inverter voltage. This is used in a systematic design procedure to design the LCL filter components for allowable grid current harmonics. A passive damping resistor is designed ensuring minimum power loss. The design is validated by simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and experiments on a laboratory prototype.
B̃ ← X̃ Vibronic Spectra and B̃-State Fluorescence Lifetimes of Methylvinoxy Isomers

Jet-cooled laser-induced fluorescence spectra of the B ← X electronic transition of 1-methylvinoxy and of a cis/trans mixture of 2-methylvinoxy are presented. We observe some 50 vibronic bands in the spectrum of 1-methylvinoxy. The complexity is due to a change in the preferred methyl rotor orientation on electronic excitation. The B-state barrier to internal rotation is approximately 750 cm-1. The B-state fluorescence lifetimes decrease from about 130 ns near the origin to 26 ns for internal energy of 2700 cm-1. We observe some 22 vibronic bands in the spectrum of the cis/trans mixture of 2-methylvinoxy. The B-state fluorescence lifetimes decrease gradually from about 190 ns near the origin to 140 ns for internal energy of 1170 cm-1 and then very sharply at higher energy. The new spectra serve as fingerprints for identification of specific methylvinoxy isomers as products of chemical reactions of O(3P) with alkenes, as recently observed by Bersohn and co-workers.
Opiate-serotonin synergism stimulating luteinizing hormone release in estrogen-progesterone-primed ovariectomized rats: mediation by serotonin2 receptors.

A tonic inhibition of LH release by endogenous opiate systems is apparent after administration of opiate antagonists to ovariectomized estrogen-progesterone-primed rats. In the presence of a serotonin agonist, morphine has been found to stimulate LH release in ovariectomized animals. Thus, in the present study the individual effects as well as interactions of the opiate and serotonin (5HT) systems have been examined using morphine and quipazine, respectively, as agonists and ketanserin (5HT2) and methysergide (5HT1 and 5HT2) as antagonists. Rats ovariectomized 2–4 weeks beforehand were primed with estradiol benzoate (15 μg; day 0) and progesterone (5 mg; day 2). Serial blood samples were collected from unrestrained rats via a jugular cannula inserted 3 days before, and plasma LH was measured by RIA. Neither morphine (4 mg sulfate) nor quipazine (2 mg/ kg) administered iv at 1200 h significantly elevated plasma LH at 1210, 1220, or 1230 h compared to levels at 1200 h, although plasma LH concentrations at t...
Understanding indirect requests: an investigation of children's comprehension of pragmatic meanings.

Two experiments examined four-, five-, and six-year-old children’s understanding of indirect requests. The experimental tasks required the children to judge the appropriateness of a listener’s response to indirect requests involving an affirmative syntactic construction (Can you shut the door?), requests containing a negative element (Can’t you answer the phone?), and requests for the state of affairs mentioned in the predicate to be changed (Must you play the piano?). Even the youngest age group exhibited an understanding of the first two types of indirect requests. However, only the six year olds showed any understanding of requests for a change in the state of affairs mentioned in the predicate. Possible factors responsible for children’s difficulty with these requests are discussed.
Preservation of a functionally intact neuronal network after global ischemia

Although conventional histological techniques demonstrated preservation by drug treatment of neuronal perikarya in the hippocampal CA1 region in animals subjected to short periods of transient ischemia, uncertainty exists regarding whether the anatomical connections with these neurons are intact and functional. The hippocampal theta rhythm is dependent upon intact connections to the CA1 pyramidal neurons and is a useful predictor of functional hippocampal integrity. Hippocampal theta was quantitated by power spectral analysis in rats subjected to 30 min of 4-vessel occlusion (4-VO) and treatment with the neuroprotective antioxidant, LY231617. The 4-VO destroyed CA1 neurons and reduced the amount of theta, however, LY231617 protected CA1 neurons histologically and totally preserved the hippocampal theta rhythm. We conclude that histological preservation is indicative of functional integrity.
The 80387 And Its Applications

While compatible with the 80287, the 80387 works four to six times faster, making it a good bet for use in engineering workstations and real- time, embedded systems.
Optimum allocation strategies for sampling benthos in the New York Bight

Abstract Sampling plans based on historical data available from the Marine Ecosystems Analysis (MESA) New York Bight Project are described and illustrated. These plans are efficient in the sense that they provide the requisite levels of precision for the minimum expenditure of time and effort. Sampling for a single variable (selected trace elements) is optimized directly. Sampling for several variables simultaneously in a two-stage scheme can also be optimized. The optimization procedure is explained and illustrated in detail and the results for a realistic case are given. Relatively few replicates (approximately five) are shown to be required to test reasonably defined hypothesis concerning differences in trace elements between two stations. It is also shown that an optimum two-stage sampling plan for Cerianthus americanus involved relatively few replicates within a station (3) and a fairly small number of stations (7) in order to satisfy derived variance and cost constraints for the New York Bight with an acceptable level of confidence (90%) for 50% differences in abundance of transformed mean values. Sample sizes for six other species were also determined and a compromising allocation is discussed.