cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The use of uterine packs impregnated with sulfanilamide

1. 1. Various types of uterine packing have been reviewed, either plain or impregnated with some chemical. Likewise, various means of introducing the pack within the uterus have been described. 2. 2. The sole purpose of the uterine pack is to control bleeding in the atonic uterus after other means have been used as oxytocics. 3. 3. Delay in the use of the uterine tamponade very often results in a fatality. 4. 4. The introduction of any foreign object into the uterus increases the incidence of infection. The withdrawal of the uterine pack produces a curettage-like action at the time when the uterine cavity is teeming with bacteria. 5. 5. The purpose of the use of sulfanilamide impregnated gauze packs is prophylactic against infection because of the bacteriostatic action of the drug at the site of contact with tissue. 6. 6. The technique of impregnating the gauze pack with sulfanilamide is described and discussed. 7. 7. The use of a small cotton ball, encased within the meshes of the uterine pack, serves as a very satisfactory means of obtaining both aerobic and anaerobic intrauterine cultures. 8. 8. In our judgment, grasping the anterior and posterior lips of the cervix with ring forceps, thereby bringing the cervix directly into view, and snugly introducing the gauze into the uterine cavity by means of a third ring forceps is the most acceptable manner of packing the uterus. 9. 9. There is a general diminution in the number and kinds of bacteria in general, and of the hemolytic streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus in particular, when sulfanilamide is used to impregnate the intrauterine pack. Clinically, the plain pack, used as an intrauterine tamponade, increases morbidity above that of either the sulfanilamide or iodoform pack. 10. 10. This preliminary series is small, from a bacteriologic standpoint, and a larger number of cases is desirable before definite conclusions are drawn. However, from the fact that sulfanilamide gives a much more sanitary pack, tends to decrease the bacterial flora, inhibits growth of hemolytic streptococci, and is absorbed to a limited degree into the blood stream, it seems advisable to use sulfanilamide packs in preference to either plain or iodoform, when indicated.
A synthetic liquid medium for the development of the tissue form of Coccidiodes immitis at 26 degrees C.

Summary: The efficiency of a synthetic liquid medium on dimorphism of pathogenic fungi causing animal and human systemic mycotic infection was tested. The medium enabled conversion of the tested strains of Blastomyces dermatitidis and Coccidioidomyces immitis into the tissue phase at 26°C. The effect on Histoplasma capsulatum remained negative. The conversion was irreversible in case of B. dermatitidis whereas it proved to be reversible and with no noticeable effect on the pathogenicity of C. immitis. Zusammenfassung: Die Wirkung eines synthetischen flussigen Nahrbodens auf den Dimorphismus von Pilzen, die Systemmykosen bei Tieren und Menschen verursachen, wurde getestet. Das Nahrmedium ermoglichte die Umformung der gepruften Stamme von Coccidioides immitis und Blastomyces dermatitidis in die Hefephase bei 26° C. Sein Einflus auf Histoplasma capsulatum fuhrte zu keiner Umwandlung. Die Umwandlung war bei B. dermatitidis irreversibel, bei C. immitis war sie reversibel und fuhrte zu keiner Pathogenitatsanderung.
Commercial Applications in Digital Communications

Keywords: business and management; communication networks; computer mediated communication; digital media; digital technology; electronic commerce; electronic marketplace; media
Motivational and Self‐Regulated Learning Profiles of Students Taking a Foundational Engineering Course

Background Technical, nonengineering required courses taken at the onset of an engineering degree provide students a foundation for engineering coursework. Students who perform poorly in these foundational courses, even in those tailored to engineering, typically have limited success in engineering. A profile approach may explain why these courses are obstacles for engineering students. This approach examines the interaction among motivation and self-regulation constructs. Purpose (Hypothesis) This project sought to determine what motivational and self-regulated learning profiles engineering students adopt in foundational courses. We hypothesized that engineering students would adopt profiles associated with maladaptive motivational beliefs and self-regulated learning behaviors. The effects of profile adoption on learning and differences associated with student major, minor, and gender were analyzed. Design/Method Five hundred and thirty-eight students, 332 of them engineering majors, were surveyed on motivation and self-regulation variables. Data were analyzed from a learner-centered profile approach using cluster analysis. Results We obtained a five-cluster learning profile solution. Approximately 83% of engineering students enrolled in an engineering-tailored foundational computer science course adopted maladaptive profiles. These students learned less than those who adopted adaptive learning profiles. Profile adoption depended on whether a student was considering a major or minor in computer science or not. Conclusions Findings indicate the motivational and self-regulated learning profiles that engineering students adopt in foundational courses, why they do so, and what profile adoption means for learning. Our findings can guide instructors in providing motivational beliefs and self-regulated learning scaffolds in the classroom.
Multi-I/O and reconfigurable RF/wireless interconnect based on near field capacitive coupling and multiple access techniques

Future ULSI interconnect system demands extremely high data transmission rate, multi-I/O service, reconfigurable and fault-tolerant computing/processing architecture and full compatibility with mainstream silicon CMOS and MCM technologies. In this paper, we present a novel RF/wireless interconnect system that provides a unique solution to those system needs. Unlike the traditional "passive" metal interconnect, the "active" RF/wireless interconnect is based on near-field capacitive coupling, low loss and dispersion-free microwave signal transmission and modern multiple-access algorithms. The proposed RF/wireless interconnect promises ultra-broad bandwidth (up to 100 GHz), simultaneous multi-I/O communications (up to 50/50 I/O sub-channels per shared microwave transmission medium) and reconfigurable network (programmable based on Frequency and/or Code Division Multiple Access). As the first step to prove the feasibility, we have realized a 2/spl times/2 CDMA transceivers based on 0.35 /spl mu/m MOSIS CMOS process, which demonstrates the desired functions of capacitive coupling, guided wave transmission and reconfigurable multiple access.
τεχνη Photons: Evolution of a Course in Data Structures

This paper presents the evolution of a data structures and algorithms course based on a specific computer graphics problem, namely, photon mapping, as the teaching medium. The paper reports development of the course through several iterations and evaluations, dating back 5 years. The course originated as a problem-based graphics course requiring sophomore students to implement Hoppe eti¾?al.'s algorithm for surface reconstruction from unorganized points found in their SIGGRAPH '92 paper of the same title. Although the solution to this problem lends itself well to an exploration of data structures and code modularization, both of which are traditionally taught in early computer science courses, the algorithm's complexity was reflected in students' overwhelmingly negative evaluations. Subsequently, because implementation of the kd-tree was seen as the linchpin data structure, it was again featured in the problem of ray tracing trees consisting of more than 250i¾?000i¾?000 triangles. Eventually, because the tree rendering was thought too specific a problem, the photon mapper was chosen as the semester-long problem considered to be a suitable replacement. This paper details the resultant course description and outline, from its now three semesters of teaching.
Phosphorylation-Dependent Regulation of G-Protein Cycle during Nodule Formation in Soybean

Signaling pathways mediated by heterotrimeric G-protein complexes comprising Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits and their regulatory RGS (Regulator of G-protein Signaling) protein are conserved in all eukaryotes. We have shown that the specific Gβ and Gγ proteins of a soybean (Glycine max) heterotrimeric G-protein complex are involved in regulation of nodulation. We now demonstrate the role of Nod factor receptor 1 (NFR1)-mediated phosphorylation in regulation of the G-protein cycle during nodulation in soybean. We also show that during nodulation, the G-protein cycle is regulated by the activity of RGS proteins. Lower or higher expression of RGS proteins results in fewer or more nodules, respectively. NFR1 interacts with RGS proteins and phosphorylates them. Analysis of phosphorylated RGS protein identifies specific amino acids that, when phosphorylated, result in significantly higher GTPase accelerating activity. These data point to phosphorylation-based regulation of G-protein signaling during nodule development. We propose that active NFR1 receptors phosphorylate and activate RGS proteins, which help maintain the Gα proteins in their inactive, trimeric conformation, resulting in successful nodule development. Alternatively, RGS proteins might also have a direct role in regulating nodulation because overexpression of their phospho-mimic version leads to partial restoration of nodule formation in nod49 mutants.
Underwater delay tolerant routing in action

Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSN) have several applications in aquatic environments ranging from target tracking to environmental monitoring. Harsh nature of underwater environments and different conditions and properties of the medium compared to on-ground environment pose some challenges when it comes to the design of a robust system. One of these challenges is the continuously moving aquatic flows, and at sometimes the autonomously moving nodes, that lead to a continuously varying network topology. When the nodes within the network are sparse, this variation requires special attention when designing a data routing protocol for such networks. Delay tolerant networks (DTN) account for this variation through the allowance of some permissible amounts of delay when transferring the data from a source node to a destination node. In this work, a DTN routing protocol for UWSN is designed. During the design process, the main properties of UWSN were taken into consideration. For example, continuous motion of nodes was dealt with through the use of state tables to keep the one-hop neighbor and hop count information. Additionally, collision avoidance was alleviated through the use of random time intervals between control packet transmissions. The protocol was successfully implemented in Aqua-Net architecture. Lab tests were also conducted successfully using Benthos acoustic modems in the University of Connecticut's UWSN lab. Results demonstrated that data packets can be successfully sent from source to destination with the assistance of auxiliary control packets within permissible delays.
Relations among Personality Characteristics, Environmental Events, Coping Behavior and Adolescents’ Life Satisfaction

This study extended current positive psychological research by examining the mediating role of coping behavior in the relations between environmental and intrapersonal variables as predictors of adolescent global life satisfaction, based on Evans’ (Soc Indic Res 33:47–88, 1994) proposed model. Specifically, we assessed the relations between personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism) and environmental experiences (stressful life events) predicting early adolescents’ global life satisfaction as mediated by approach and avoidance coping behaviors using a sample of 529 students from one middle school in the southeastern United States. The results supported portions of Evans’ model. Statistically significant relations were found for a number of individual pathways between personality and environmental variables (i.e., predictors) and coping variables (i.e., mediators) as well as between approach coping (i.e., one mediator) and life satisfaction (i.e., outcome). Additionally, a small but statistically significant pathway was found between extraversion and life satisfaction when mediated by approach coping. Results suggest that personality, environmental stressors and coping behaviors may play a role in the development of life satisfaction among early adolescents.
Ecoenzymatic Stoichiometry in Relation to Productivity for Freshwater Biofilm and Plankton Communities

The degradation of detrital organic matter and assimilation of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) by heterotrophic microbial communities is mediated by enzymes released into the environment (ecoenzymes). For the attached microbial communities of soils and freshwater sediments, the activities of β-glucosidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, leucine aminopeptidase, and phosphatase show consistent stoichiometric patterns. To determine whether similar constraints apply to planktonic communities, we assembled data from nine studies that include measurements of these enzyme activities along with microbial productivity. By normalizing enzyme activity to productivity, we directly compared the ecoenzymatic stoichiometry of aquatic biofilm and bacterioplankton communities. The relationships between β-glucosidase and α-glucosidase and β-glucosidase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase were statistically indistinguishable for the two community types, while the relationships between β-glucosidase and phosphatase and β-glucosidase and leucine aminopeptidase significantly differed. For β-glucosidase vs. phosphatase, the differences in slope (biofilm 0.65, plankton 1.05) corresponded with differences in the mean elemental C:P ratio of microbial biomass (60 and 106, respectively). For β-glucosidase vs. leucine aminopeptidase, differences in slope (0.80 and 1.02) did not correspond to differences in the mean elemental C:N of biomass (8.6 and 6.6). β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase activity in biofilms was significantly greater than that of plankton, suggesting that aminosaccharides were a relatively more important N source for biofilms, perhaps because fungi are more abundant. The slopes of β-glucosidase vs. (β-N-acetylglucosaminidase + leucine aminopeptidase) regressions (biofilm 1.07, plankton 0.94) corresponded more closely to the estimated difference in mean biomass C:N. Despite major differences in physical structure and trophic organization, biofilm and plankton communities have similar ecoenzymatic stoichiometry in relation to productivity and biomass composition. These relationships can be integrated into the stoichiometric and metabolic theories of ecology and used to analyze community metabolism in relation to resource constraints.
A flow cytometry analysis of batch and continuous culture transient diauxic growth in Hansenula polymorpha

A flow cytometry analysis and in vitro enzyme activity study is carried out on the methylotrophic yeast, Hansenula polymorpha, during both (a) batch growth and (b) continuous cultures subjected to single perturbations in either system dilution rate or influent carbon substrate composition. Flow cytometry of yeasts growing diauxically on a glucose: methanol mixture during exponential growth, exhibit DNA and RNA distributions indicative of the S-synthesis-phase of the cell cycle. Cells at the stationary growth stage exhibit DNA and RNA distributions that indicate one portion of the population in the G0/G1 resting phase and another in the M-mitosis-phase.
New compounds: 3‐[2‐(2‐chloro‐10‐phenothiazinyl)ethyl]‐3‐azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane

The synthesis of 3-[2-(2-chloro-10-pheno-thiazinyl)ethyl] - 3 - azabicyclo[3.2.2]non-ane is reported; the pharmacological evaluation of this agent, an analog of promethazine, has not yet been reported.
Entanglements in inhomogeneous polymeric phases

We examine the concept of entanglements and the associated entanglement lengths in polymer interfaces. Explicitly, we consider the influence of the compositional inhomogeneity and the manner in which it influences the entanglement lengths. We address this issue by adapting the packing model of entanglements proposed by Kavassalis and Noolandi. The effects of the compositional inhomogeneity are incorporated through a combination of Monte Carlo simulations and self-consistent-field theory computations. Our results mainly focus on the inhomogeneous variations of entanglements in the interfacial region of polymer blends. In this context, we elaborate upon the connections between our results and the experimentally measurable macroscopic properties like the slip, rheology, and the toughness of polymer−polymer interfaces.
Actions of pinacidil on membrane currents in canine ventricular myocytes and their modulation by intracellular ATP and cAMP

We studied the effects of pinacidil (3-50 microM) on the membrane currents of canine ventricular myocytes, using the whole-cell variant of the patch-clamp technique, and the modulation of these effects by intracellular environment, using the pipette perfusion technique. The following observations were obtained: (1) pinacidil induced a dose-dependent outward shift in current at voltages positive to -70 mV; (2) the pinacidil-induced current was largely time-independent at voltages positive to -50 mV and displayed an increase in current fluctuations at more positive voltages, resembling the kinetic properties of current through the ATP-regulated K+ channels; (3) elevating the extracellular potassium concentration [( K+]o) caused a positive shift in the voltage where the pinacidil-induced current crossed the voltage axis and increased the slope conductance of this current; (4) the pinacidil-induced current was reduced by Ba2+ (0.5-1.5 mM) and abolished by intracellular Cs+ (125 mM); (5) glibenclamide reversibly reduced or abolished the pinacidil-induced current; (6) the action of pinacidil was decreased by elevating [ATP] in the pipette solution (from 1 to 10 mM); (7) the action of pinacidil was augmented by adding isoproterenol (1 microM) to the superfusate or adding cAMP (0.1 mM) to the pipette solution; (8) elevating temperature augmented, and accelerated the onset of pinacidil's action; (9) pinacidil reversibly decreased the Ca2(+)-independent transient outward current (Ito1) but augmented the Ca2(+)-dependent transient outward current (Ito2). Based on these observations, we reached the following conclusions: (1) the main effect of pinacidil is to increase an outward current through the ATP-regulated K+ channels; (2) pinacidil's action is modulated by an enzymatic reaction.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal margin

Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal margin is a rare disease. Accurate clinical staging with physical exam and imaging is important and determines the treatment. Evidence-based management is challenging because there is a paucity of randomized controlled trials and existing literature seldom distinguishes between anal canal and margin tumors. In this article, we review the anatomy, presentation, classification, and clinical management of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal margin.
Finite element-based injury metrics for pulmonary contusion via concurrent model optimization

This study explores the relationship between impact severity and resulting pulmonary contusion (PC) for four impact conditions using a rat model of the injury. The force–deflection response from a Finite Element (FE) model of the lung was simultaneously matched to experimental data from distinct impacts via a genetic algorithm optimization. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent right-side thoracotomy prior to impact. Insults were applied directly to the lung via an instrumented piston. Five cohorts were tested: a sham group and four groups experiencing lung insults of varying degrees of severity. The values for impact velocity (V) and penetration depth (D) of the cohorts were Group 1, (V = 6.0 m · s−1, D = 5.0 mm), Group 2, (V = 1.5 m · s−1,D = 5.0 mm), Group 3, (V = 6 m · s−1, D = 2.0 mm), and Group 4, (V = 1.5 m · s−1, D = 2.0 mm). CT scans were acquired at 24 h, 48 h, and 1 week post-insult. Contusion volume was determined through segmentation. FE-based injury metrics for PC were determined at 24 h and 1 week post-impact, based on the observed volume of contusion and first principal strain. At 24 h post-impact, the volume of high radiopacity lung (HRL) was greatest for the severe impact group (mean HRL = 9.21 ± 4.89) and was significantly greater than all other cohorts but Group 3. The concurrent optimization matched simulated and observed impact energy within one standard deviation for Group 1 (energy = 3.88 ± 0.883 mJ, observed vs. 4.47 mJ, simulated) and Group 2 (energy = 1.46 ± 0.403 mJ, observed vs. 1.50 mJ, simulated) impacts. Statistically significant relationships between HRL and impact energy are presented. The FEA-based injury metrics at 24 h post-contusion are \({\varepsilon_{\max}\cdot \dot {\varepsilon}_{\max}}\) exceeding 94.5 s−1, emax exceeding 0.284 and \({\dot{\varepsilon}_{\max}}\) exceeding 470 s−1. Thresholds for injury to the lung still present at 1 week post-impact were also determined. They are \({\varepsilon_{\max}\cdot \dot {\varepsilon}_{\max}}\) exceeding 149 s−1, emax exceeding 0.343 and \({\dot{\varepsilon}_{\max}}\) exceeding 573 s−1. A mesh sensitivity study found that thresholds based on strain rate were more sensitive to changes to mesh density than the threshold based on strain only.
Molecular dynamics and nuclear receptor function

The development of live cell and biochemical analysis methods has led to an increase in our understanding of the dynamic regulation of transcription. Live single cell studies using photobleaching techniques indicate that many proteins have a high nuclear mobility. Pioneering work using promoter array systems based on the lac operon or the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter enabled the study of chromatin structure, promoter occupancy and protein–chromatin interaction dynamics in relation to transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-based assays allow an exhaustive analysis of the temporal recruitment of proteins to an endogenous promoter and provide evidence of cyclic protein–protein and protein–promoter interactions. Although reflecting different timescales, both ChIP and live cell studies indicate a highly dynamic control of transcription that until now has gone undetected and unappreciated.
Discrimination and Psychiatric Disorder Among Asian American Immigrants: A National Analysis by Subgroups

Although considerable evidence suggests that discrimination negatively affects mental health for Asian American (AA) immigrants, few studies have disaggregated this heterogeneous community and/or differentiated effects of different forms of discrimination. Using the first nationally representative data on AA immigrants in US, this study examines whether perceived racial discrimination, perceived language discrimination, and vicarious racism experiences increase the risk of psychiatric disorder for different Asian immigrant groups in the past 12 months. Results from group specific logistic regressions show that both perceived racial and language discrimination have strong deleterious effects on mental health only for Filipinos, while Vietnamese and Chinese are more likely to be affected by vicarious racism experiences. No significant association was found between racial discrimination and the mental health outcome for Vietnamese and Chinese. Findings were discussed in the light of inter-racial contact pattern and acculturation status for each group.
Antibody and antigen levels in rats inoculated with moloney sarcomas and viral antigens

Abstract Antibody to p 30 or gp 70 as well as p 30 antigen was measured in the serum of animals immunized with moloney sarcoma cells and then challenged with a tumor. Untreated animals exhibited first undetectable and then increasing levels of antibody throughout a 32-day period. Immunized rats had high levels of antibody prior to and after tumor challenge. Serum levels of p 30 increased sharply during the period when progressive tumor growth usually occurs. During this period, conditions are favorable for the formation of antigen-antibody complexes which may effect tumor growth. The data suggest that other factors also influence the growth ot tumors in rats.
Bidding games for valuation of aesthetic environmental improvements

Abstract An empirical case study of the benefits of abatement of aesthetic environmental damage associated with the Four Corners power plant and Navajo mine using the bidding game technique is presented. Bidding games were carefully designed to avoid the potential problems inherent in that technique. The results indicate the existence of substantial benefits from abatement of this aesthetic environmental damage. Aggregate bid curves, marginal bid curves, and estimates of the income elasticity of bid are presented. The effectiveness of the bidding game technique is discussed.
Cavity-enhanced frequency modulation absorption spectroscopy of the sixth overtone band of nitric oxide

We apply cavity-enhanced frequency modulation absorption spectroscopy (also known as NICE-OHMS) to perform highly sensitive high-resolution spectroscopy of the sixth overtone band of NO near 797 nm. Our spectrometer provides a sensitivity corresponding to a minimum detectable absorption coefficient of 2.5×10 -10 cm -1 Hz -1/2 , which is ~80 times worse than the ideal shot-noise limited sensitivity. Line intensities are measured for the R(7.5), R(9.5), and R(10.5) rovibrational lines in the 2 Π 1/2 - 2 Π 1/2 sub-band. From these line intensities we calculate a total vibrational band intensity of 2.2×10 -6 cm -2 atm -1 (at 296 K) and a vibrational transition dipole moment of 4.1 μDebye. The measured values are estimated to be accurate to within ±25%.
Peer Reviewed: Investigating Humic Acids in Soils

Elucidating the composition of these important but nebulous natural materials poses challenges.
Reproductive ecology of predaceous Heteroptera

Abstract Reproductive ecology entails relating the physiology and behavior of an organism to its environment and the community in which it lives. Terrestrial predatory Heteroptera (including Anthocoridae, Geocoridae, Miridae, Nabidae, Pentatomidae, Phymatidae, and Reduviidae) display a wide range of reproductive ecologies. But in spite of this variability, a review of the literature reveals certain underlying trends that are useful in understanding how generalist predators function within their environments. First, the reproductive ecology of predatory bugs is inherently coupled to the physiology of the female and her eggs. Second, three population parameters are directly tied to reproduction (maturation rates, realized fecundity, and reproductive diapause) have great bearing on the rate of population increase and reproductive success of a predatory bug, but these three parameters fluctuate widely within and among species. The variables that affect these processes include the physiological status of the mother (mating status, age and size, and nutritional status), the abiotic environment in which she and her eggs live (temperature, photoperiod, water availability), and natural enemies that attack eggs and reproductive females. A final trend observed in the literature involves the hierarchy of events that must occur before a female finds a suitable oviposition site. Females all must locate preferred habitats, plants/substrates, and microsites in which to insert or deposit an egg, but they use a variety of tactics and cues in order to accomplish this, depending on their life history traits. Examining the factors that constrain and promote the reproductive potential of predatory Heteroptera will make biological control programs that center on them more reliable and sustainable.
Pharmacological Properties of Two New Antihistaminics of Prolonged Action

A study was made of the pharmacological action of two new antihistaminic compounds of prolonged action. These compounds contain, besides piperazine, three genzylicrins. Both compounds, meclizine (p-chlorbenzhydryl-m-methyl-benzylpiperazine dihydrochloride) and buclizine (1-p-chlorbenzhydryl- 4-p- tertiary-butyl-benzyl piperazine dihydrochloride), show marked protective activity against nebulized histamine and lethal doses of intravenously injected histamine in guinea pigs. The onset of these actions is relatively Slow but the duration of action is much more prolonged. The acute toxicity in mice and chronic toxicity in dogs and rats of both compounds indicate that they are relatively nontoxic.
Quantitative Assessment of Electrostatic Embedding in Density Functional Theory Calculations of Biomolecular Systems

We evaluate the accuracy of density functional theory quantum calculations of biomolecular subsystems using a simple electrostatic embedding scheme. Our scheme is based on dividing the system of interest into a primary and secondary subsystem. A finite difference discretization of the Kohn−Sham equations is used for the primary subsystem, while its electrostatic environment is modeled with a simple one-electron potential. Force-field atomic partial charges are used to generate smeared Gaussian charge densities and to model the secondary subsystem. We illustrate the utility of this approach with calculations of truncated dipeptide chains. We analyze quantitatively the accuracy of this approach by calculating atomic forces and comparing results with full QM calculations. The impact of the choice made in terminating dangling bonds at the frontier of the QM region is also investigated.
Development of spectral markers for the discrimination of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease using Raman spectroscopy

BACKGROUND:Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are 2 distinct forms of IBD that can overlap radiologically, endoscopically, and pathologically. This difficulty complicates surgical options. The development of new technologies providing accurate diagnosis of IBD is needed. Raman spectroscopy is a
Trauma intensive care

Management of the traumatically injured patient in the intensive care unit is a complex and challenging area of general surgery. The problems encountered in the intensive care unit are the source of exciting clinical and basic science research. The future of caring for the severely injured patient suffering from the complications of trauma will undoubtedly further bond the art of clinical medicine to the accomplishments of developing technology and molecular biology.
1187 A CASE OF PARTIAL, FUNCTIONAL GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATASE DEFICIENCY

A 4 month old boy presented with recurrent fever, poor growth, and hepatomegaly. Evaluation revealed elevated uric acid (17 mg/dl), cholesterol (291 mg/dl), triglycerides (634 mg/dl) and serum transaminase (SGOT=469 IU/L). Blood glucose (BG) was low (27 mg/dl) and lactate (L) high (6.5 mM) after a 5 hour fast. Glucagon (0.03 mg/kg) given 2 hours post prandial resulted in little rise in BG (93 to 100 mg/dl), and further elevation of L (2.5 to 4.3 mM). Galactose (1 gm/kg IV) and fructose (1 gm/kg p.o.) also caused little rise in BG and further elevation of L. Liver biopsy revealed 4.5% glycogen content with normal enzyme activities for glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity was normal in an aqueous homogenate (5.5 umol/gm/min), but had a latency of 78% in a sucrose homogenate (normal <10%, suggesting a defect in membrane transport of glucose-6-phosphate. Feeding a glucose-containing formula every 4 hours for the next year resulted in good growth and development, but little reduction in plasma uric acid or triglycerides, and no improvement in plasma L or fasting tolerance. He had intermittent hypernatremia with low urinary osmolality. The suggested defect is a partial deficiency of the transport component for glucose-6-phosphatase located on the microsomal membrane. Complete deficiency results in the clinical picture of von Gierke's disease. The defect in this patient is less severe, but requires attention to avoid hypoglycemia and poor growth.
Electrocardiographic abnormalities induced by thioridazine (Mellaril).

Abstract A case of thioridazine-induced electrocardiographic abnormalities in a 12-year-old boy who ingested a large quantity of the drug is presented. T waves were flattened, broadened, notched, and inverted in the anterior septal precordial leads. The Q-T interval was slightly prolonged while the QRS and S-T segments were unchanged. These changes reverted to normal in approximately four days.
Perceived depth is a necessary factor in apparent motion concomitant with head motion: a reply to Shebilske and Proffitt.

Shebilske and Proffitt (1981) are critical of the conclusion that the perception of motion of physically stationary objects concomitant with the motion of the head is caused by errors in perceived distance. Instead, they prefer an explanation in terms of the direct perception of retinal motion or perhaps in terms of the minimum principle. Their comments are directed at, not only the experiments reported in "The sensing of retinal motion" (Gogel, 1980), but also the series of experiments from our laboratory that have used apparent concomitant motion to measure perceived distance and to distinguish between cognitive and perceptual factors in distance responses. This reply will discuss the evidence for and the logic of implicating depth perception, first as an important and then as a necessary variable in the apparent motion of stationary objects concomitant with the motion of the head. It will be shown that the role of perceived distance in this phenomenon cannot be avoided by dismissing apparent concomitant motion as paradoxical, or as determined by retinal motion alone, nor can it be explained, using the minimum principle, as a derivative of retinal motion. The criticisms of the study by Gogel (1980) with regard to procedure and with regard to its implication for the cue of motion parallax will be shown to be inappropriate. Finally, the application of apparent concomitant motion to the measurement of perceived distance and to the separation of cognitive and perceptual factors will be considered briefly.
DISCRETE INTEGRABLE SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE UNITARY MATRIX MODEL

The orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle associated with the unitary matrix model have various interesting properties, and have been studied in connection with different applications, such as double scaling, Riemann–Hilbert problems and integrable Fredholm operators. In this paper, we study the orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle with the weight function . We use the orthogonality of the polynomials to show that the orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle satisfy the linear problems associated with the discrete PainleveII hierarchy, alternate discrete PainleveII hierarchy and the discrete MKdV hierarchy. Thus the isomonodromy deformation method can be used to study the unitary matrix model. Typically, we focus on the orthogonal polynomials with the weight function exp{s(z+z-1)}. The recursion formula z(pn+vnpn-1)=pn+1+unpn (derived from Szego's equation) for the orthogonal polynomials pn(z,s) is proved to be equivalent to the discrete AKNS-ZS system which is the base equation in the linear problem for the discrete equations. The variable xn=pn(0,s) satisfies the discrete PainleveII equation and the discrete MKdV equation; un, vn satisfy the alternate discrete PainleveII equation; 1/un-1=-xn-1/xn satisfies the PainleveIII equation; and satisfies the PainleveV equation. Also, we discuss the continuum limits of the discrete equations by using the double scaling method. Further, we present a procedure for finding the linear equations for the orthogonal polynomials and the consistency conditions of the linear equations by using the orthogonality of the polynomials.
Abstract B93: Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may decrease cancer‐related mortality in patients with small‐cell lung cancer

Introduction: Small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive type of lung cancer. The overall survival at five years for patients with SCLC is estimated to be five to ten percent. Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) have been reported to decrease the risk of lung cancer. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the association between ACE inhibitors and ARBs and cancerrelated mortality in patients with SCLC. Methods: In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the charts of 360 patients diagnosed with SCLC in our institution between 1995 and 2004. 199 patients with advanced SCLC, deceased at the time of this report, and for whom the cause of death was known, were identified. Within this group, cancer‐related mortality in patients who were on ACE inhibitors and/or ARBs was compared to that of patients not on these medications. Results: Out of 199 patients, 58 (29%) were on ACE inhibitors and/or ARBs, 141 (71%) were not. In ACE inhibitor and/or ARB users, cancer was the cause of death in 34 patients. In patients not on ACE inhibitors and/or ARBs, 103 died from cancer. Patients on ACE inhibitors and/or ARBs had a 14% decrease in cancer‐related mortality compared to patients who were not on these medications (59% versus 73% respectively, P= 0.046). Conclusion: Our data support the fact that ACE inhibitors and ARBs may be associated with a decrease in cancer‐related mortality in patients with SCLC. This could be related to their inhibitory effects on angiogenesis and tumor growth, by blocking angiotensin II and increasing the levels of angiotensin (1–7). However, prospective studies are needed to establish the effect of ACE inhibitors and ARBs on cancer‐related mortality in patients with SCLC. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):B93.
Effect of gamma irradiation and AET on rat blood cholinesterase.

Whole-body gamma irradiation in the rat produced significant whole-blood cholinesterase depression on the tenth day at a dosage level of 75 r. The levels tested when plotted and extrapolared indicated threshold changes in cholinesterase activity would be in the vicinity of 20 to 30 r. AET alone, while producing some mild cholinesterase depression, failed to protect whole-blood cholinesterase activity from the effects of gamma irradiation at the levels of agent and irradiation tested. (auth)
Th17 cells in human disease

Summary: Our understanding of the role of T cells in human disease is undergoing revision as a result of the discovery of T-helper 17 (Th17) cells, a unique CD4+ T-cell subset characterized by production of interleukin-17 (IL-17). IL-17 is a highly inflammatory cytokine with robust effects on stromal cells in many tissues. Recent data in humans and mice suggest that Th17 cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of a diverse group of immune-mediated diseases, including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and asthma. Initial reports also propose a role for Th17 cells in tumorigenesis and transplant rejection. Important differences, as well as many similarities, are emerging when the biology of Th17 cells in the mouse is compared with corresponding phenomena in humans. As our understanding of human Th17 biology grows, the mechanisms underlying many diseases are becoming more apparent, resulting in a new appreciation for both previously known and more recently discovered cytokines, chemokines, and feedback mechanisms. Given the strong association between excessive Th17 activity and human disease, new therapeutic approaches targeting Th17 cells are highly promising, but the potential safety of such treatments may be limited by the role of these cells in normal host defenses against infection.
Some stability theorems for systems of volterra integral equations

Many types of stability have been studied in the theory of ordinary differential equations, Our present purpose is to study perturbed Volterra integral equations (which are a generalization of the initial value problem for ordinary differential equations). As a natural generalization of these concepts for ordinary differential equations, we define stability, uniform stability, and asymptotic stability for integral equations and prove various theorems for linear and perturbed integral equations
Soft tissue sarcoma: advances in understanding and management.

Soft tissue sarcomas are a rare group of neoplasms readily dispersed throughout the body with different histopathologies and different outcomes. The present review summarizes advances made in biology, distribution and natural history, and emphasises predictive models for outcome. Complete resection remains the major factor in providing cure, with limited benefits in the control of the local disease by radiation therapy and only minimal benefit of systemic therapy for metastatic disease. Identification of targeted therapy utilising direct specific molecular targets raises hope that future progress in control, if not cure, is realistic
Abstract 209: Gamma linolenic acid sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to chemotherapy

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC In pancreatic cancer both chemotherapy and radiotherapy have shown deficient results in treating the disease, indicating a fundamental need for more efficient therapies. Most pancreatic cancer patients present with an advanced form of the disease that is incurable by surgery, and will receive palliative treatment in the form of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and symptom control. There are few standard chemotherapeutics for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, although Gemcitabine and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) are the most widely used. In search for specific nutritional, and/or pharmacological agents to target pancreatic cancer cells/tissues we identified a series of nutritional supplements known as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that have an inhibitory effect on cancer cells. However, Gamma-Linolenic-Acid (GLA), a member of the ω-6 family of PUFAs exerts selective cytotoxic effects on pancreatic cancer cells without affecting normal epithelial cells. The goal of our study was to determine whether GLA could sensitize the targeted pancreatic cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents (Gemcitabine or 5-FU). Therefore, pancreatic cancer cells were treated initially with GLA followed by each of the chemotherapeutic agents separately: Our results demonstrated that: 1) GLA induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells (Panc-1 and BxPC3); 2) the combination of GLA and Gemcitabine or GLA and 5-FU: a) promote a synergistic inhibitory effect on the growth of pancreatic cancer cells; b) inhibition of anchorage-independent growth; and 4) inhibition of morphogenesis in 3-D matrigel culture. These results show that GLA increases the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to chemotherapy through a synergistic effect with Gemcitabine or 5-FU, implying that GLA could be used as a supportive drug for the pancreatic cancer patients receiving the current chemotherapeutic regimens. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 209.
Three-Dimensional Scapular Orientation and Muscle Activity at Selected Positions of Humeral Elevation

Abnormal scapular kinematics and associated muscle function presumably contribute to shoulder pain and pathology. An understanding of scapular kinematic and electromyographic profiles in asymptomatic individuals can provide a basis for evaluation of pathology. The purpose of this study was to describe normal three-dimensional scapular orientation and associated muscle activity during humeral elevation. Twenty-five asymptomatic subjects, 19–37 years old, were evaluated. Digitized coordinate data and surface electromyographic signals from the trapezius (upper and lower), levator scapulae, and serratus anterior were collected at static positions of 0, 90, and 140° of humeral elevation in the scapular plane. The scapula demonstrated a pattern of progressive upward rotation, decreased internal rotation, and movement from an anteriorly to a posteriorly tipped position as humeral elevation angle increased. Electromyographic activity of all muscles studied increased with increased humeral elevation angles. Differ...
GENI Meta-Operations Center

NSF's GENI program represents an opportunity to build the kind of programmable, virtualized testbed scientists exploring the future of networking will need to support their research. As with any other scientific instrument, it will be crucial that the GENI infrastructure offer repeatable, consistent results to the researchers using it.The GENI Meta-Operations Center, operated by the Global Research NOC at Indiana University, will develop the software, protocols, and processes needed to ensure the repeatability, consistency, and efficiency of GENI.
Incorporating Technology Acceptance and IS Success Frameworks into a System Dynamics Conceptual Model: A Case Study in the ERP Post-Implementation Environment

Like any IT project, the intricacy of Enterprise Resource Planning ERP implementations brings with it high risks to the organization because of high upfront costs and low success rates. ERP implementations are not simply software installations but a radical integration and transformation of an organization's business practices. System acceptance and perceptions of success weight heavily on non-technical forces such as people, processes, policies, and organizational culture. This study employs system dynamics techniques to elicit perceptions regarding system acceptance and success in an ERP post-implementation case study setting. A conceptual model was developed based on various literature streams and structure validation was conducted with ERP experts via semi-structured interviews. The resulting model includes technology acceptance and information system success model concepts as well as theories from related literature. Interview findings and methodology reflections are also discussed in this paper.
When Henry Mintzberg Writes, People React

This article discusses comments on the book on management education, titled Managers Not MBAs: A Hard Look at the Soft Practice of Managing and Management Development, by Henry Mintzberg. Mintzberg...
The 19S Regulatory Particle of the Proteasome Is Required for Efficient Transcription Elongation by RNA Polymerase II

It is generally thought that the primary or even sole activity of the 19S regulatory particle of the 26S proteasome is to facilitate the degradation of polyubiquitinated proteins by the 20S-core subunit. However, we present evidence that the 19S complex is required for efficient elongation of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in vitro and in vivo. First, yeast strains carrying alleles of SUG1 and SUG2, encoding 19S components, exhibit phenotypes indicative of elongation defects. Second, in vitro transcription is inhibited by antibodies raised against Sug1, or by heat-inactivating temperature-sensitive Sug1 mutants with restoration of elongation by addition of immunopurified 19S complex. Finally, Cdc68, a known elongation factor, coimmunoprecipitates with the 19S complex, indicating a physical interaction. Inhibition of the 20S proteolytic core of the proteasome has no effect on elongation. This work defines a nonproteolytic role for the 19S complex in RNAP II transcription.
On the nonextendability of germs of holomorphic functions

We construct explicit supporting manifolds and local holomorphic peak functions as obstructions to the extendability of holomorphic functions on a class of domains not necessarily pseudoconvex in CN, N >2.