cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Contact Difference of Potential Between Barium and Magnesium

With the purpose of subjecting the electronic method of contact potential measurement to a thorough test for consistency with independent photoelectric work function determinations, the Volta potential Ba-Mg has been measured for some 30 pairs of surfaces and the results compared with recent careful photoelectric studies of these metals. Each surface was prepared by fractionally distilling the metal in a gettered vacuum and revaporizing a middle fraction to form a thick film on glass at room temperature. Each film was measured a few seconds after deposition and tubes of two different designs used to minimize the possibility of errors originating in tube geometry. The majority of the observed Volta potentials fell within the range of values predicted by the photoelectric data, 1.08-1.16 v, and no values below this range were found. The magnesium films were largely responsible for variations in the Volta potential and a few gave potential settings sufficiently low (work functions sufficiently high) to raise the observed Volta potentials to a maximum of 1.26 v. Since all probable contaminations should lower the work function the maximum value is regarded as the most reliable. Assuming a work function of 2.52 ev for Ba this gives 3.78 ev for the work function of Mg. Observations on the optical reflection of the magnesium surfaces suggest, however, that a work function of 3.65\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 ev may be characteristic of mirror-like surfaces of the metal; 3.78 ev of macrocrystalline (matte) surfaces.
Comparative Membrane Channel Size and Activity of Botulinum Neurotoxins A and E

In an effort to compare the molecular basis of differential toxic activity of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) and BoNT/E, we have analyzed their membrane channel activity by measuring calcein release from liposomes. Both BoNT/A and /E showed a same level of membrane channel activity that was specifically blocked by IgG specific to the neurotoxins. With the use of fluorescein-labeled dextran, we determined that the size of the channel is at least 24.2 A which is appropriate for the translocation of a protein of 50 kDa (the light chain of BoNT). These findings would suggest that the difference in the toxicity level of the two BoNT serotypes might reflect differences in either endopeptidase activity or their binding to receptor(s).
Measurement of vertical distribution of isoprene in surface seawater, its chemical fate, and its emission from several phytoplankton monocultures

Abstract Concurrent measurements of isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) in seawater together with atmospheric concentrations in the Gulf Stream off the Florida coast were made. Florida Straits surface water concentrations of isoprene varied between 9.8 and 50.8 pmol 1 −1 . Surface water isoprene concentrations showed a positive correlation with measured chlorophyll fluorescence, consistent with the biogenic origin of this non-methane hydrocarbon. Depth profiles showed a maximum in isoprene concentration similar to that of biological productivity as indicated by chlorophyll fluorescence. Daytime atmospheric mixing ratios of isoprene were never above 11 parts-per-trillion (pptv) and eight of eleven samples taken were below the ~ 5 pptv detection limit. Using an estimated value of the Henry's law constant ( K H ~ 3.1) a supersaturation of surface seawater of 2 to 3 orders of magnitude is estimated. Laboratory grown monocultures of several common phytoplankton species showed production of isoprene. Processes controlling the isoprene concentration in the photic zone of the ocean and the marine boundary layer are discussed. A calculation using a simple time dependent photochemical box model confirmed that isoprene is rapidly consumed by its reaction with the OH radical in the marine atmosphere.
Processing Effects in Plasma Forming of Sheet Metal

Abstract A non-transferred arc plasma torch has been used as a controllable heat source to produce internal stress in sheet metals, causing plastic deformation without the necessity of hard tooling. This method has the potential to reduce development cost and lead time for forming sheet metal prototype parts. Experimental work using a robotic system has been performed on 0.8mm thick sheets of Type 304 stainless steel and of low carbon (mild) steel. The effects of various process parameters on the obtained shape changes and on the resulting material microstructures has been studied. Data is presented for the development of simple linear bends in the two materials as a function of the process parameters which directly affect the rate of heat input.
Comparison of toxicity and mutagenicity of methylnitrosourea, methylnitronitrosoguanidine and ICR-191 among human lymphoblast lines

Abstract The toxic and mutagenic effects of the alkylating agents methylnitrosourea (MNU) and methylnitronitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and of the frameshift mutagen, ICR-191 were compared among 3 human diploid lymphoblast lines, MIT-2, WI-L2 and GM 130. The MIT-2 and WI-L2 lines were both sensitive to the toxic and mutagenic effects of all 3 agents tested. The WI-L2 line was more sensitive to the toxic effects of MNU and MNNG than the MIT-2 line, while it was somewhat less sensitive to the mutagenic effects of these alkylating agents. The GM 130 line was strikingly resistant to both the toxic and mutagenic effects of the alkylating agents. The order of sensitivity to the toxic effect of ICR-191 was MIT-2 > WI-L2 > GM 130, while the order of sensitivity to the mutagenic effects of this frameshift mutagen was GM 130 > MIT-2 > WI-L2. These results point to the importance of accounting possible variations in mutability among individuals when extrapolating from any single mutagenicity assay for human risk assessment.
A minimax algorithm better than alpha-beta? Yes and No

This paper contains a probabilistic analysis of the performance of the game-searching SSS^* algorithm which has been shown to be superior to @a-@b. Necessary and sufficient conditions for node expansion are established, and an expression for the average number of nodes expanded is derived. The branching factor of SSS^* is shown to coincide with that of @a-@b, thus rendering the two algorithms asymptotically equivalent. Numerical comparison of the expected complexities of the two algorithms is finally carried out over a wide spectrum of search depths and branching degrees. The latter shows that the savings in the number of positions evaluated by SSS^* relative to that of @a-@b is rather limited and is not enough to offset the increase in other computational resources.
Oxidant mechanisms in response to ambient air particles

The toxic effects of air pollution are widely documented. In recent years, however, there has been an increasing interest in the study of the health effects of particulate matter (PM), a previously unexplored constituent of urban air pollution. Exposure to increased levels of PM of respirable size is strongly and consistently associated with increased cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. Conversely, improved air quality appears to correlate with decreased mortality. Particulate matter is a mixture of inorganic and organic components that vary in size, origin, and composition. The mechanisms of PM health effects are still poorly understood. However, studies in cellular and animal models suggest a variety of possible mechanisms including direct effects of particle components on the intracellular sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS), indirect effects due to pro-inflammatory mediators released from PM-stimulated macrophages, and neural stimulation after particle deposition in the lungs. The involvement of ROS in each one of these possible pathways is discussed.
A Comparison of Two Group Interventions for Adolescent Aggression: High Process Versus Low Process

Objective: This study compared two group treatments for aggressive behavior in adjudicated male adolescents: a cognitive-behavioral program (low process) and a program integrating group interaction with cognitive-behavioral training (high process). Method: The court-ordered adolescents were divided into two age groups, younger and older, and randomly assigned to one of the two treatment conditions for 10 weekly 2-hour sessions. Data were collected at pretest, posttest, and 9-month follow-up. Dependent variables included recidivism, behavior ratings, parent-teen conflict, anger control, social problem-solving, and social skills. The analysis was ANOVA on the ranks of adjusted gain scores. Results: High process was more effective for the older boys, and low process was more effective for the younger boys on conduct disorder and parent-adolescent conflict. Conclusions: The older boys appeared more cognitively and socially able to take advantage of the self-determined, interactive format, whereas the younger ...
CLINICAL FEATURES, LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS, AND SURVIVAL IN OCULAR RETICULUM CELL SARCOMA

The authors report 32 cases of histologically proven ocular reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS). Follow-up data are available for all patients. Twenty-six patients (81%) have died and the mean survival time was 20 months from the time of diagnosis of RCS. Diagnosis of ocular involvement was made by vitreous biopsy in 56% of cases, enucleation in 13%, and postmortem examination in 31%. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 60 years. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement was present in 56% of patients, visceral involvement in 16%, and both CNS and visceral involvement in 6%. Isolated ocular disease occurred in 22% of patients. Results of head computed tomography (CT) and cerebrospinal fluid examination more often disclosed evidence of RCS than did body CT or nuclear medicine scans. Responses to treatment were variable, but prognosis for survival is poor.
Understanding the Yelp review filter: An exploratory study

Reviews on Yelp.com can be an important factor in driving customers to a business. However, many business owners have expressed concern with Yelp’s review filtering system, which was created to flag low–quality or fake reviews. This study performs a content analysis of a subset of Yelp restaurant and religious organization reviews, visible and filtered, exploring signals from the reviews or the reviewers that might explain the filtering process. The study finds that factors intrinsic to the review itself are not related to filtering, but factors related to the reviewer are strong predictors. The Yelp system is much more likely to filter reviews from occasional, isolated reviewers than from prolific, socially connected reviewers.
Pharmacological and behavioral characterization of the 5-HT2A receptor in C57BL/6N mice

Rationale The serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor is implicated in numerous psychiatric disorders, making it an important, clinically relevant target. Despite the availability of transgenic mouse lines, the native mouse 5-HT2A receptor is not well-characterized.
"It's still a white world out there": the interplay of culture and economics in international television trade

Drawing on interviews with more than thirty international television executives from around the world, this article provides a case study of how distribution and acquisition practices in international television trade extract profit from television culture. While previous research in international television has tended to ignore or to oversimplify the importance of the distribution industry, this article demonstrates how studying distribution gives us insights into the contents and directions of transborder television flows that other methods and research foci miss. Specifically, the article explores how economic and cultural forces intersect to shape the global flow of African American situation comedies. As the television industry continues to globalize, cultural differences such as race will prove pivotal in attracting multinational viewers, and this article calls for more research into how such differences are commodified by the international distribution industry.
Floral Biology and Breeding System of the Crenulate Leadplant, Amorpha herbacea var. crenulata, an Endangered South Florida Pine Rockland Endemic

ABSTRACT: The federally endangered crenulate leadplant, Amorpha herbacea Walter var. crenulata (Rydb.) Isely, is an endemic shrub of the globally imperiled pine rocklands of southern Florida. Crenulate leadplant is near extinction in the wild due to heavy habitat loss, fire suppression, altered hydrology, and invasion by non-native species. This study examined the floral biology and breeding system of the leadplant and factors that may help explain its decline and provide direction for conservation. Protogynous flowers and a high pollen/ovule ratio suggest a reproductive strategy of outcrossing, while a binucleate pollen grain indicates possible gametophytic self-incompatibility. Hand pollinations show that while the leadplant is capable of some self-fertilization, it is significantly more successful in setting fruit when cross-pollinated, and produces a greater percentage of seed when outcrossed. This predominantly self-incompatible species may, therefore, suffer decreased reproductive fitness in its few...
Four new course competencies for majors

Abstract The number of students majoring in public relations has grown much faster over the past decade than has the number of full-time faculty trained in the study and practice of public relations. Of equal concern has been a steadily developing body of research knowledge in public relations together with an increasing array of professional skills required of entry-level practitioners. To cope with current conditions, the Undergraduate/Journalism integrative team proposes four new required core competencies for all public relations majors to master. Carried further the Integrative Team urges that these competencies be taught by faculty with specific training and professional experience in public relations.
Distinctive Properties or the Purified Na‐Ca Exchanger from Rod Outer Segments

The Na-Ca exchanger of rod outer segments plays an important role in the regulation of Ca levels in photoreceptor cells. While this transporter shares functional properties with other Na-Ca exchangers, it has several unique features. The purified ROS exchanger migrates as a single band at 220 kDa in SDS-polyacrylamide gels, indicating that the unit size of its polypeptide is larger than other known Na-Ca exchangers (and most transporters). A specific antiserum to the ROS exchanger does not bind to the Na-Ca exchangers found in sarcolemmal vesicles or brain synaptic plasma membranes. Similarly, polyclonal antiserum specific for the cardiac exchanger does not react with ROS or brain proteins. The ROS exchanger requires K for transport activity. By incorporating the purified exchanger into proteoliposomes and measuring the sequestration of K, the actual transport of K is demonstrated. A stoichiometry of 4Na:1Ca,1K for the exchanger of ROS has been measured.
Planning for Bellak's third revolution.

Traditional planning models which aim for comprehensiveness are examined and found to be misleading. Comprehensive planning is limited by the planner's knowledge and information sources, the influence of value premises, and the multiplicity of decision centers. Citizen participation is viewed as a further limitation upon rationality in the decision-making process. But citizen participation is also suggested as a means for adjudicating value conflicts and also as a purposeful method for overcoming the “politics” of community decision-making.
The Relations between Science and Ethics

To the interesting discussion aroused by Dr. C. H. Waddington in NATURE1 may be added comments reflecting United States opinion on the matter.
Applications of the coherent state representation in the theory of magnetism: II. Helical spin configurations

Abstract In a previous paper, the coherent state representation of spin wave states was used to derive the low temperature expansion for the free energy of the Heisenberg model of a ferromagnet. In this paper, the same formalism is applied to anisotropic systems which are usually described semiclassically. The coherent state parameters are shown to be ideally suited for describing certain of the resulting helical spin configurations. The coherent state approach emphasizes the analogy of these states to superfluid boson systems. A model spin Hamiltonian appropriate to Erbium is chosen and discussed in this light. In particular, the transition in a transverse magnetic field from the ground state cone configuration to a fan configuration, the stability and possible metastability of these states and the fluctuations about them are investigated. Numerical estimates show at least qualitative agreement with experiment.
Pulmonary contusion in a collegiate diver: a case report

Introduction Pulmonary contusions typically occur after high-energy trauma and have rarely been reported as occurring during participation in sports. This is the first reported case of a pulmonary contusion occurring in a sport other than football.
The reaction intermediate spectrum: a new type of experiment in tandem mass spectrometry

A new scan is described which responds to ions that are intermediates in the dissociation of a mass-selected parent ion (mp) to give a mass-selected daughter ion (md). The scan gives a simple mass v. abundance output for ions which satisfy this condition. It is implemented here on a BEQQ hybrid mass spectrometer using, in sequence, collision-induced dissociation occurring at high energy in the first reaction region, and low-energy collisional activation in the collision quadrupole. The experiment provides information on reaction sequences not available from single scans of other types. In the several cases examined, it is demonstrated that, among many conceivable fragmentation routes connecting a parent ion with a particular fragment ion, only a few are significant. Examination of reaction intermediate spectra also appears to be a fruitful new approach to mechanistic questions, as illustrated by consideration of the behavior of several isomeric octanones. These new spectra also have analytical value: they show good signal-to-noise ratios and allow ready distinction between isobaric and isomeric ions. A comparison of the reaction intermediate spectrum with a daughter spectrum obtained by the B/E linked-scanning technique reveals the contributions of artifact peaks which result from poor parent ion mass resolution in the latter. Reaction intermediate spectra combine information from the daughter spectra of mp and the parent spectra of md and, as a specified portion of this data domain, have unique characteristics.
Regressed subungual melanoma simulating cellular blue nevus: managed with sentinel lymph node biopsy.

BACKGROUND Subungual melanoma, a not uncommon presentation of cutaneous melanoma in Asian populations, is easily overlooked as benign and thus is improperly treated. OBJECTIVE To present two cases with clinical suspicion of subungual melanoma. Skin biopsies failed to demonstrate the diagnostic features of malignacy. METHODS Lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsies were performed to determine regional lymph node status. RESULTS Both hematoxylin-eosin and HMB45 staining revealed melanoma cells in the SLN of the patient. The second patient's SLN was negative for malignant cells, but her excised primary lesion showed extensive regressed melanoma. CONCLUSION Regression phenomena are not uncommon for subungual melanoma. An extention biopsy techniques are useful for determining nodal basin status in regressed subungal melanoma.
Pattern Recognition by Cluster Accumulation

When objects in images are small or blurred enough, geometric features are inadequate for reliable pattern recognition. We introduce the Pattern Recognition by Cluster Accumulation (PRCA) method to show that pattern recognition performance can be improved in this situation by using radiometric features for object detection. In addition, PRCA uses clustering to provide feature selection and dimensionality reduction. It uses accumulation to provide robustness against translation, rotation, cluster shape distortion, and inappropriate splitting or merging of clusters. We find that PRCA performs faster than normalized cross correlation and faster than mutual information methods. 1
Selectivity of ligand binding to opioid receptors in brain membranes from the rat, monkey and guinea pig

Conditions for the equilibrium binding to opioid receptor of [3H[sufentanil (μ selective), [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (δ selective), and [3H]U69,593 (κ selective) were established in membranes from rat brain cerebrum, monkey cortex, or guinea pig cerebellum. The selectivity index of various opioid alkaloids and peptides in binding to the μ, δ, or κ opioid receptors was expressed as the ratio of their EC50 values in displacing two selective radiolabeled ligands: [3H]sufentanil/[3H](D-Pen2, D-Pen5)enkephalin (selectivity: μ/δ), [3H]sufentanil/[3H]U69,593 (selectivity: μ/κ), or [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin/[3H]U69,593 (selectivity: δ/κ). High resolution in binding selectivity was observed: in rat brain the μ/δ selectivity for Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-(Me)Phe-Gly-ol and sufentanil were 0.02 and 0.03, whereas for [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin and ICI 174,864 they were 1200 and 998. Compared to μ opiates, the specific binding of δ and κ agonists was less sensitive to sodium. The results describe a routinely applicable methodological approach for the assessment of selective ligand binding to the μ, δ and κ opioid receptors in rodent and monkey brain membranes.
Application of electronic structure and transition state theory: Reaction of hydrogen with silicon radicals

The reaction of molecular hydrogen with silicon radicals is investigated through direct dynamics calculations. Previous studies of this reaction with E′ centers vary in their description of the reaction thermodynamics and kinetics. A survey of methods is conducted to illuminate the best method for describing these properties. This is achieved via a similar reaction with a silyl radical, in which both the forward and reverse directions are considered, discussed in terms of theory, basis, and the importance of tunneling corrections. The methods studied include Hartree–Fock (SCF), two density functionals (B3LYP and MPW1K), Moller–Plesset second-order perturbation (MP2), and coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) with a variety of all electron basis sets ranging from 6-31G to aug-cc-pVTZ. Two methods are identified as good candidates: a density functional theory (DFT) method (MPW1K) and a dual-level method including MP2, and CCSD theories. These methods yield rate constants that agree within one order of magnitude of experiment and activation energies within 1 kcal/mol over the 293–683 K temperature range. The B3LYP and SCF methods do not perform as well and are discounted early. Basis sets that perform well are found to include diffuse and polarizing functions on all atoms, including hydrogen. These include the 6-31++G** and aug-cc-pVDZ basis sets. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
The child benefit theory

(1965). The child benefit theory. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 4, Our Religious Heritage and the Schools, pp. 18-22.
Passive Transfer of Autoantibodies From a Patient With Mutilating Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita Induces Specific Alterations in the Skin of Neonatal Mice

Background: Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita is a sub-epidermal bullous disease characterized by IgG autoantibodies directed against type VII collagen in anchoring fibrils. These autoantibodies are believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of sub—lamina densa blister formation in this disease. Observations: We describe a patient with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita who has developed mutilating acral involvement with early syndactyly and extensive scarring lesions of the scalp. The patient's serum contains IgG autoantibodies that bind the dermal side of 1-mol/L sodium chloride—separated human skin (at a titer up to 5120), as determined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, and type VII collagen, as determined by immunoblot. The severity of this patient's disease and the height of his immune response to type VII collagen prompted us to assess the pathogenicity of his autoantibodies in a murine model. Purified IgG from our patient (or that from a healthy volunteer who served as a control) was administered subcutaneously to BALB/c mice (10 mg/g of body weight) on 2 consecutive days. Light microscopy of normal-appearing skin showed pronounced dermal edema and a dense granulocyte-rich infiltrate in the superficial dermis. Deposits of human IgG, murine C3, and the membrane attack complex of complement were found in the epidermal basement membrane of all experimental mice. Immunogold electron microscopy demonstrated that deposits of human IgG in an experimental subject were localized to anchoring fibrils. Serum samples from mice receiving IgG antibodies from our patient had high titers of circulating antibodies directed against the dermal side of 1-mol/L sodium chloride—separated human skin (titer, 640 to 1280). Light, immunofluorescence, and immunogold electron microscopic studies did not detect such specific alterations in any control mice. Conclusions: Acquired autoimmunity to type VII collagen in patients with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita may result in a clinical phenotype closely resembling that observed in patients with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Passive transfer of purified IgG autoantibodies from a patient with severe epidermolysis bullosa acquisita to BALB/c mice produces histologic and immunopathologic alterations consistent with those seen in patients with this disease. (Arch Dermatol. 1995;131:590-595)
LAPT at ten

Abstract This article attempts to summarize and evaluate the first nine volumes of Library Acquisitions: Practice and Theory. Three stages of its development are noted: first, a period of eclectic subject matter and unevenness in selection, second, a period emphasizing a more structured social-scientific approach and, most recently, an outlook which stresses practical and generalizable aspects of common problems. This latter approach seems to be the most appropriate and effective, though possible drawbacks are noted.
Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy after laparoscopic gastric bypass.

Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) was first reported in 1994. LPD has not been widely accepted [1], with only 146 cases reported as of 2008, owing to the technical difficulty in performing the procedure [2]. However, LPD can be done safely and with acceptable complication rates [2–4]. This is the first case reported of a patient who had undergone laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), with the procedure subsequently converted LPD.
ARE THE SHIA RISING

to shield the kingdom’s Sunnibrethren against any Shia-supportedexpulsion should Iraq split up. Even thoughNawaf Obaid was dismissed shortlyafterwards, presumably for his boldness,his words reflected the king’s use of theterm “Shia crescent” renewed during thevisit of Vice President Cheney last Novem-ber. Previously, Jordan’s King Abdullah andEgypt’s President Mubarak had pointed inthe same direction. Moreover, “Iran’snuclear ambitions”
Intermolecular potential for Ar-HBr (ν1 = 1) studied by high resolution near infrared spectroscopy

Abstract The fundamental ν1, combinations ν1 + 2ν20, ν1 + ν21, ν1 + ν3, ν1 + 2ν20 + ν3, hot band ν1 + 2ν20 − 2ν20, and difference band ν1 − 2ν20 have been rovibrationally for both 79Br and 81Br isotopomers in Ar-HBr. The bands involving 2ν20 directly sample the second minimum of the intermolecular potential surface of the complex, corresponding to the isomeric structure Ar-BrH. Nuclear quadrupole structure has also been partially resolved in the Q branch transitions of the ν1 + ν21 band. In addition, a strong Coriolis perturbation between the ν1 + ν21e and ν1 + ν3 states was investigated. A model potential surface for Ar-HBr (HBr ν1 = 1) was derived and compared with the H4 intermolecular potential for Ar-HBr (HBr ν1 = 0).
Systemic Implementation Strategies to Improve Hypertension: The Kaiser Permanente Southern California Experience

The past decade has seen hypertension improving in the United States where control is approximately 50%. Kaiser Permanente has mirrored and exceeded these national advances in control. Integrated models of care such as Kaiser Permanente and the Veterans Administration health systems have demonstrated the greatest hypertension outcomes. We detail the story of Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) to illustrate the success that can be achieved with an integrated health system model that uses implementation, dissemination, and performance feedback approaches to chronic disease care. KPSC, with a large ethnically diverse population of more than 3.6 million, has used a stepwise approach to achieve control rates greater than 85% in those recognized with hypertension. This was accomplished through systemic implementations of specific strategies: (1) capturing hypertensive members into a hypertension registry; (2) standardization of blood pressure measurements; (3) drafting and disseminating an internal treatment algorithm that is evidence-based and is advocating of combination therapy; and (4) a multidisciplinary approach using medical assistants, nurses, and pharmacists as key stakeholders. The infrastructure, support, and involvement across all levels of the health system with rapid and continuous performance feedback have been pivotal in ensuring the follow-through and maintenance of these strategies. The KPSC hypertension program is continually evolving in these areas. With these high control rates and established infrastructure, they are positioned to take on different innovations and study models. Such potential projects are drafting strategies on resistant hypertension or addressing the concerns about overtreatment of hypertension.
EXHAUSTION PHENOMENON IN THYROID PRODUCED BY PITUITARY TREATMENT: HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF RABBIT’S THYROID UNDER VARYING DEGREES OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY THERAPY

In the course of a series of experiments on the relationship of the anterior pituitary body to the thyroid gland, we observed that the degree of hyperplasia obtained by prolonged treatment of rabbits with crude extracts of anterior lobe tissue did not parallel the dosage or the duration of treatment. We were struck by the appearance of the thyroid glands of animals which had received rather large doses of pituitary materials over a period of more than seven days. They showed involutional and atrophic changes which were totally unexpected since it was assumed on a priori grounds that they would show increments of hyperplasia with the increased dosages and duration of the injection periods. Fifty rabbits of the blue bevern and Flemish giant strains were used. They ranged from 14 to 20 weeks of age. It was early evident that strain, alone, had no great influence upon the normal histology of the rabbit’s thyroid. The first experiments in the series were made using saline emulsions of freshly obtained anterior...
Oxidation of Iron-nitrosyl-hemoglobin by Dehydroascorbic Acid Releases Nitric Oxide to Form Nitrite in Human Erythrocytes†

The reaction of deoxyhemoglobin with nitric oxide (NO) or nitrite ions (NO2−) produces iron-nitrosyl-hemoglobin (HbNO) in contrast to the reaction with oxyhemoglobin, which produces methemoglobin and nitrate (NO3−). HbNO has not been associated with the known bioactivities of NO. We hypothesized that HbNO in erythrocytes could be an important source of bioactive NO/nitrite if its oxidation was coupled to the ascorbic acid (ASC) cycle. Studied by absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, DHA oxidized HbNO to methemoglobin and liberated NO from HbNO as determined by chemiluminescence. Both DHA and ascorbate free radical (AFR), the intermediate between ASC and DHA, enhanced NO oxidation to nitrite, but not nitrate; nor did either oxidize nitrite to nitrate. DHA increased the basal levels of nitrite in erythrocytes, while the reactions of nitrite with hemoglobin are slow. In erythrocytes loaded with HbNO, HbNO disappeared after DHA addition, and the AFR signal was detected by EPR. We ...
Editorial: Joe Jorner Hands Reins To Paul Yoder

A very important part of Optical Engineering is the Book Reviews section, in which reviews of usually two or three current books dealing with the general subject of optical engineering are published in each issue. From July 1981 until January 1986, Dr. Joseph L. Horner of Rome Air Development Center, Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts, served as the Editor lof the SPIE Reports portion of Optical Engineering, which contains the Book Reviews section. Since January 1986, when the edito rial organization of the journal was changed, he has continued to serve as Book Reviews Editor. Joe has done a superb job in this volunteer position but has now decided to step down so that he can pursue other activities in SPIE; however, he has agreed to continue his duties as Book Reviews Editor until the reviews he has in progress have been published. On behalf of the officers, governors, and members of the Society, I would like to take this opportunity to express our appreciation to him for a job well done. Thanks, Joe, and best wishes.
Violence as a Public Health Risk

Violence is a public health problem that affects people of all ages. In 2007, violence was one of the top 10 leading causes of death in the United States for people from birth to age 64 years. Viol...
Extracellular fluid proteins of goldfish brain: evidence for the presence of proteases and esterases.

: Preparations of enriched fractions of extracellular fluid (ECF) proteins from goldfish brain were found to contain protease(s) and esterase(s). The N-substituted furanacryloyl (FA) peptides FA-Phe-Gly-Gly and FA-Phe-OMe were used as model substrates for determining protease and esterase activity, respectively, in a spectro-photometric assay. Studies of the profile of substrate specificity and identification of the types of compounds that were effective as inhibitors showed that these ECF enzymes have some distinctive properties. GSH, but not GSSG, and EDTA inhibited the protease(s) without influencing the esterase(s), whereas l-1-tosylamide-2-phenylethylchloromethyl ketone blocked both protease and esterase activites of ECF. Most of the protease and esterase properties of ECF could be bound to concanav-alin A-Sepharose affinity chromatographic columns in association with ependymin—a brain extracellular protein. These observations indicate that ECF may contain a metalloprotease(s) and raise the possibility that the ependymins might be a substrate for these ECF enzymes.
Pulsed low-dose chemotherapy schedule suppresses circulating angiogenic factor bFGF during thoracic radiotherapy

Materials and Methods: The right hemithorax of female Fisher-344 rats were irradiated with single dose of 28 Gy. Amifostine (150 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally 30 minutes prior to radiation. Pulmonary function was measured by monitoring the changes in the breathing frequency every two weeks for 6 months by using a respiration monitoring system. Post radiation monthly plasma TGFlevels were determined by immunoabsorbant ELISA assays. After six months animal were euthanized and lung tissue was processed for histopathology and measurement of hydroxyproline (HP) content. Immunohistochemical studies were performed to determine changes in macrophages and TGFprotein expression.
Stimulus facilitation of delayed-reward performance as a function of the cue’s spatial position

Rats were given 30 shock escape trials with a 3-sec delay of shock offset. A light cue presented during the delay facilitated performance significantly more when the light was located over the lever as opposed to being located on the opposite wall. It was concluded that orientation, in part, plays a significant role in determining the extent to which cues facilitate delayed-reward performance.
Engineering Occupational Choice, 1950–1965

Summary This study has attempted to explain how the flow of engineers into the profession responded to market forces during the 1950–1965 period. The conventional explanation consists of two steps. The difference between the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded, at prevailing salaries, causes salary variation. Then, relative salary variations are supposed to cause supply variations. But in the case of the engineering labor market, while supplies vaned considerably, relative salaries did not. Consideration of the behavior of individuals has led us to believe that the second step of the conventional theory may be unnecessary. In a pervasively employment-conscious culture, variations in the availability of jobs seem to be a principal determinant af supply. This finding is actually quite consistent with economic theory which postulates supply as a function of expected earnings. It does suggest, however, that some consideration be given to changing the traditional emphasis from variations in earnings to variations in expectations.
Differences among Preferred Methods for Furthering Aging Education in Ohio.

Workers serving Ohio's aging population will require increased levels of gerontological education. Using data from 55 Ohio counties, this project investigated the educational needs and reasons for seeking education from professionals in aging. Respondents reported interest in attaining aging related education. Preferred delivery methods included web based and interactive satellite instruction. Continuing education credit was preferred over college credit even though a high percentage indicated a desire for an additional degree (69.8%). Despite over 30 years of Ohio's universities providing aging related education, 58.6% of respondents have no formal aging related training, and 11.7% have only a single course in aging. Gerontological topics that most interested participants in an area for further understanding were Alzheimer's/dementia, medication, and mental health issues.
Dynamic instability of composite-material drive shaft subject to fluctuating torque and/or rotational speed

This study is concerned with the detailed analysis of the dynamic insta- bility of composite-material drive shafts subject to fluctuating torque and/or rotational speed by using various thin shell ...
Centralized cataloging and processing for public library consortia

A consortium of small public libraries share an OPAC, an interlibrary loan system, and maintain reciprocal borrowing among its patrons. A study was conducted for this consortium to investigate whether or not it would benefit from centralized processing. Raw data show that the consortium should be able to save money with a centralized processing unit. However, there are other factors involved that may influence the implementation of such a process. This article reports the findings and outcome of that study.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection : does it increase susceptibility to adverse drug reactions ?

With the emergence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in the early 1980s, an ever-increasing number of drugs are being used to treat this complex disease. A recent survey reported that outpatients with a diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were receiving an average of 5.6 prescription medications (Greenblatt et al. 1991). Our recent study of a large cohort of inpatients with HIV disease at San Francisco General Hospital revealed the average patient to be receiving 9 drugs during hospitalisation (Harb et al. 1993). Antiretroviral therapy and therapy or prophylaxis for a number of AIDSrelated conditions is lifelong once the CD4 lymphocyte count declines, so the magnitude and extent of drug exposure in these patients is substantial. Numerous case reports and retrospective studies of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to a wide spectrum of drugs have been reported in HIVinfected patients over the past decade (Battegay et al. 1989: Briceland & Bailie 1991; Colebunders et al. 1987; Gordin et al. 1984; Kovacs et al. 1984; Lachaal & Venuto 1989; Mitsuyasu et al. 1983; Molina et al. 1991; Ong & Mandai 1989; Small et al. 1991 ; Wurtz et al. 1989). Most of these studies have found the rates of ADRs among AIDS patients to be much higher than the rates of ADRs among historical controls with no HIV infection. Clinical trials of new antiretroviral dru,gs and drugs to treat AIDS-related opportunistic infections have reported high incidence rates of ADRs among HIVinfected patients (Medina et al. 1990; Richman et al. 1987; Sattler et al. 1988; Wharton et al. 1986). A recent review of the haematological adverse effects of AIDS drugs have found that drug-induced myelosuppression often limits optimum treatment of these patients (Pluda et al. 1991). One of the major goals in new drug development for infectious and neoplastic complications of HIV disease has been to discover less toxic regimens with acceptable efficacy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the current state of knowledge regarding ADRs to commonly used drugs in HIV disease compared with ADRs in the pre-HIV era. We also evaluate current hypotheses regarding the mechanisms of pathogenesis of ADRs in HIV disease.
The Development of Identity. A Critical Analysis from the Perspective of the Self as Subject

Abstract In this paper an argument is presented, suggesting that the concept of identity articulated by Erikson and reflected in ordinary pretheoretical understanding includes, as a central feature, a special experience of self, namely, the experience of a unified psychological "essence," from which superficial characteristics of the person are differentiated. However, as is shown through a close analysis of various identity measures, this subjective experiential aspect is typically neglected in identity research, including the many studies that were guided by the identity status paradigm. A new approach is then presented, aimed at recapturing the subjective meaning of identity, by viewing identity as a modality of the self as subject and as characterized by specific experiences of agency, unity, otherness, and individuality. In an effort to empirically ground this approach, a typology of identity experience, derived from Loevinger′s ego development stages, is described. Several studies are then reviewed, that confirm the viability of this typology and illustrate the advantages of studying identity from the perspective of the self as subject.
X-ray study of in-plane epitaxy of YBa2Cu3Ox thin films.

Detailed x-ray scattering measurements in three dimensions are reported for thin YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub /ital x// films on (001) SrTiO/sub 3/ and KTaO/sub 3/ substrates. The films, produced by coevaporation followed by a postdeposition anneal, consist of domains epitaxially oriented with either the /ital a/ axis or the /ital c/ axis aligned with the substrate normal. The in-plane epitaxy of grains with the /ital c/ axis parallel to the normal shows an alignment of the directions of the film and the substrate, rather than of the directions as is generally presumed. We associate this alignment with a strain relaxation during the high-temperature tetragonal-to-orthorhombic phase transition.
Modeling and Regression Analysis of Semiochemical Dose–Response Curves of Insect Antennal Reception and Behavior

Dose-response curves of the effects of semioche- micals on neurophysiology and behavior are reported in many articles in insect chemical ecology. Most curves are shown in figures representing points connected by straight lines, in which the x-axis has order of magnitude increases in dosage vs. responses on the y-axis. The lack of regression curves indicates that the nature of the dose-response relationship is not well understood. Thus, a computer model was developed tosimulateafluxofvariousnumbersofpheromonemolecules (10 3 to 5×10 6 ) passing by 10 4 receptors distributed among 10 6 positions along an insect antenna. Each receptor was depolarized by at least one strike by a molecule, and subse- quent strikeshad noadditionaleffect.Thesimulationsshowed that with an increase in pheromone release rate, the antennal response would increase in a convex fashion and not in a logarithmic relation as suggested previously. Non-linear re- gression showed that a family of kinetic formation functions fit the simulated data nearly perfectly (R 2 >0.999). This is reasonable because olfactory receptors have proteins that bind to the pheromone molecule and are expected to exhibit en- zyme kinetics. Over 90 dose-response relationships reported in the literature of electroantennographic and behavioral bio- assays in the laboratory and field were analyzed by the loga- rithmic and kinetic formation functions. This analysis showed that in 95 % of the cases, the kinetic functions explained the relationships better than the logarithmic (mean of about 20 % better). The kinetic curves become sigmoid when graphed on a log scale on the x-axis. Dose-catch relationships in the field are similar todose-EAR(effectiveattractionradius,inwhicha spherical radius indicates the trapping effect of a lure) and the circular EARc in two dimensions used in mass trapping models. The use of kinetic formation functions for dose- response curves of attractants, and kinetic decay curves for inhibitors, will allow more accurate predictions of insect catch in monitoring and control programs.
Manufacturing Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for the Sulzer Hexis Stationary System

Concomitantly to its main objective of cost reduction per electrical kilowatt of stationary fuel cell stacks, Sulzer Hexis Ltd. (Switzerland) is developing the first commercial cogeneration solid oxide fuel cell system (SOFC) available on the market. This will be possible by fine technology optimization combined with using mass-production compatible equipment. After several years of R&D in ceramic processing techniques, Sulzer Hexis is now able to manufacture solid oxide fuel cells with competitive production costs. Moreover, these costs will be further reduced thanks to scale effect given by large production volumes. The tight collaboration with both raw material and equipment suppliers has enabled Sulzer Hexis to significantly improve both the cell performance and productivity.
Aging Adults Learning New Avocations: Potential Increases in Activity among Educated Baby-Boomers.

The potential benefits, drawbacks, and preferences of activity (both physical and nonphysical) among Baby-Boomers were the foci of this study. This study included 56 survey participants and 5 interviewees. Descriptive statistics illustrated a preference towards low impact physical activity and cognitively enriching nonphysical activities. Time management was the most frequently perceived barrier to learning or acquiring new activities. Pleasure was the most predominant reason given for wanting to learn/acquire new activities. Themes that emerged from interviews included an awareness of multiple benefits to active living and an acknowledgement of the probable increase in the risk of injury associated with physical activity.