cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modular bimetallic complexes with a sulfonamido-based ligand

A series of bimetallic complexes prepared with the ligands N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine (TMEDA) and N,N′,N′′-[2,2′,2′′-nitrilotris(ethane-2,1-diyl)]tris(2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonamido) ([MST]3−) is described. Four diiron compounds of the formulation (TMEDA)FeII(X)-(μ-OH)-FeIIIMST were prepared, in which the X− ligands are the anions OTf−, Br−, SCN−, or N3−. Additionally, two heterobimetallic compounds of the formulation (TMEDA)MII(OTf)-(μ-OH)-FeIIIMST (MII = CoII or NiII) were synthesized. All these compounds have similar spectroscopic and structural properties. The diiron compounds exhibit perpendicular-mode electron paramagnetic resonance spectra consistent with S = 1/2 spin ground states, which is expected for high-spin FeII and FeIII centres that are antiferromagnetically coupled. The heterobimetallic (TMEDA)NiII(OTf)-(μ-OH)-FeIIIMST complex had a spin state of S = 3/2 that also resulted from antiferromagnetic coupling between the high-spin NiII and FeIII centres. The modularity of this system is further demonstrated by the substitution of the TMEDA ligand with ethylenediamine (en); for this species two equivalents of en coordinate to the FeII centre to form [(en)2FeII-(μ-OH)-FeIIIMST]OTf. These results demonstrate that a modular bimetallic system has been developed in which the key components can be modified.
A Modular Cable-Driven Surgical Robot with a Safe Joint Design

A modular surgical robot design is presented in this paper. The focus is on making the robot more flexible and reconfigurable, while ensuring human-safe robot interactions. The cable-driven robot has modular link and joint designs, enabling a variety of serial configurations. The joint design includes a biasing spring which inherently creates a maximum load threshold while also reducing the number of actuating cables by half. Safety of this joint mechanism is ensured by a ratchet-based locking mechanism. Design and analysis of this robot are presented.
Influence of Irrigation and Wetting Agent on Fungicide Residues in Creeping Bentgrass

Fungicides (azoxystrobin, propiconazole, pyraclostrobin, and thiophanate-methyl) were applied to field plots of creeping bentgrass established on a sand-based root zone substrate and maintained at ...
Effectiveness of a brief adjunctive yoga intervention for short-term mood and psychiatric symptom change during partial hospitalization.

Objective Evidence concerning the effectiveness of yoga in partial hospital programs is limited. Yet, partial hospitals provide treatment at a critical juncture by bridging inpatient and outpatient care. The present study tested the effectiveness of a single-session group yoga intervention for short-term mood and psychiatric symptom change in participants attending a 1- to 2-week partial hospital program. Method Participants included 104 partial hospital patients who participated in the single-session yoga intervention and completed a measure of positive/negative affect before and after the group. Participants, as well as partial hospital patients who did not attend the yoga intervention (n = 438), completed measures of depression and anxiety symptoms at admission and discharge from the program. At discharge, they also rated their perceived improvement and the overall quality of the care they received. Results Participants who attended the yoga intervention experienced significant improvements in positive and negative affect during the group. They did not show greater improvements in symptoms of anxiety or depression over the course of treatment compared to individuals who did not attend the group. Yoga intervention participants nonetheless gave higher ratings to the quality of the care they received. Conclusions and implications for practice Findings demonstrated that attending a single yoga session during partial hospitalization was associated with short-term mood benefits, and with enhanced overall perceptions of treatment. Further research is needed to determine the conditions under which participation in yoga during partial hospitalization could contribute to symptom change in this context. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis

Alcohol-induced liver disease is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and remains the second most common cause of cirrhosis in the United States. Heavy alcohol use, which is defined by more than three drinks per day for men and more than two drinks per day for women for over 5 years, can lead to a broad range of chronic liver diseases, including steatosis (60–100% of patients), steatohepatitis and fibrosis (20–40% of patients), and eventually cirrhosis (10–20% of patients) and hepatocellular carcinoma (3–10%). Acute alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a clinical diagnosis that is based on the development of jaundice and hepatocellular injury that occurs in 35–40% of patients with heavy alcohol use and has been associated with 20–50% mortality in untreated patients. In this chapter, we describe a case of a patient presenting with severe AH. We discuss diagnosis, prognosis, treatment options, and outcomes.
SEE and TID Testing of Components for the Near Infrared Airglow Camera (NIRAC)

We performed SEE and TID testing on select electronic parts used for the upcoming Near Infrared Airglow Camera (NIRAC) mission to the International Space Station.
Accurate Fault Location Method and Verification Test Analysis of High-Voltage Cable Hybrid Lines

With the wide application of high-voltage cable-overhead hybrid line, it is difficult to determine the fault zone and accurately locate the fault point based on the line fault location method with uniform parameters. For this reason, this paper proposes a two-terminal fault exact positioning method based on wavelet theory. The power frequency transient signals of fault currents in the head and the end of high-voltage cable are collected to determine the polarity of the fault to locate the fault section. The fault current can be accurately located by collecting the double-ended traveling wave signal of the fault current. A 110 kV high voltage cable state simulation test platform was constructed to carry out fault simulation tests within and outside the high voltage cable line to verify the actual effect of the fault location method. The experimental verification shows that the two-terminal fault exact positioning method based on wavelet theory can accurately determine whether the fault point is located interval or outside the interval of high-voltage cable line, and achieve the precise positioning of fault points in the high-voltage cable interval. This method will effectively reduce the time of fault finding, and is of great significance for fast recovery of power supply.
Association between emotional eating, energy-dense foods and overeating in Latinos

Abstract Background Latinos experience disparities in obesity. Although causes of obesity are multifactorial, overeating is a major contributor. Emotional eating (EE) is associated with obesity and with intake of energy-dense foods. However, the relationship between EE and overeating, and the mediating role of energy-dense foods on this relationship, has not been studied. Objective This study examined the association between EE and overeating among Latinos and the potential mediating role of energy-dense food consumption on this relationship. Methods This study had a cross-sectional design. Participants were recruited from a community health center. EE was assessed with the Three Factor Eating Behavior Questionnaire R18-V2. Overeating was calculated from the Mifflin-St Jeor equation. Energy-dense food intake was assessed with a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Mediation was tested with bootstrapping. Results Participants (n = 200) were 53.5% female and 78% were overweight or obese. Approximately 60% of the sample reported EE and 45.5% engaged in overeating. Percentage of calories from energy-dense foods was 23%. EE was significantly associated with overeating (OR total effect = 1.23; 95%CI = 1.03, 1.45) and this relationship was partly mediated by intake of energy-dense foods (OR indirect effect = 1.06; 95%CI = 1.02, 1.15; mediated proportion = 31.5%). Conclusion In this Latino sample, EE was positively associated with overeating and intake of energy-dense foods partially mediated this association. Examination of longitudinal associations between EE, energy-dense foods, overeating and obesity is warranted. Understanding these associations may provide information to develop effective interventions to prevent and manage obesity among Latinos.
Development of spectral indices for identifying glyphosate-resistant weeds

Abstract Glyphosate as the most common and widely-used herbicide in agricultural crops has resulted in the explosion of resistant weeds around the world. An early detection of resistant weeds before observing the visible symptoms of glyphosate application in weeds can contribute to the crop protection in precision agriculture. This paper aims at developing and evaluating spectral weed indices (SWIs) to identify glyphosate-resistant weeds 72 h after herbicide application. A greenhouse experiment was conducted on three common weed species, namely, kochia (Kochia scoparia), ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) and waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis), including resistant and susceptible types to collect canopy spectral reflectance after glyphosate spraying. To generate SWI, the best weighted combination of single wavelength and a normalized wavelength difference in the range of 450–920 nm was established. Relief-F algorithm selected the most discriminative feature wavelengths, and two band normalized differences to differentiate weeds with higher degree of resistance, and changes in the hyperspectral signature caused by glyphosate application. The performance of optimized SWIs on resistant weeds identification was assessed by employing machine learning Random Forest (RF) method. The RF classification model achieved a classification accuracy of 96%, 100% and 97% in detecting resistant kochia, ragweed and waterhemp, respectively. A comparison between introduced SWIs in this study and previously published hyperspectral vegetation indices (VIs) indicated that the SWIs provided better agreement with real data in glyphosate-resistant weeds identification.
Are campus police ‘real’ police? Students’ perceptions of campus versus municipal police:

Campus police (CP) actively enforce across US universities. Yet the public questions whether they are ‘real’ police, like municipal police (MP). Research finds students perceive CP and MP different...
Abstract 1831: Mistletoe lectin induces apoptosis in MYC-driven cancers through post-translational downregulation of c-MYC protein

c-Myc is part of the Myc family proteins associated with cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Dysregulated c-Myc expression is associated with tumorigenesis, and cancers with c-Myc overexpression are often associated with poor prognosis, partly due to difficulty in targeting c-Myc. Mistletoe lectin (ML), derived from the European mistletoe plant, has shown variable efficacy in cancer patients. One case series following 12 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) showed 2 patients with g 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1831.
PROSPECT – A precision reactor oscillation and spectrum experiment

PROSPECT is a reactor antineutrino experiment whose primary goals are to search for short-baseline neutrino oscillations and perform a precise measurement of the 235U reactor antineutrino energy sp...
Unintended Consequences: How Antidiscrimination Litigation Increases Group Bias in Employer-Defendants

In recent years, employees have turned with increasing frequency to the courts to redress alleged violations of their civil rights in the workplace, often bringing suits under laws such as Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Indeed, employment discrimination claims consistently consume a substantial (and rising) portion of the federal court docket. In the four-plus decades since the passage of Title VII, however, the nature of workplace bias itself has changed, becoming more difficult to detect in many cases. Some employers, often with the help of counsel, have learned to finesse their workplace actions to avoid the appearance of bias. Other employers may not even realize the extent to which bias and stereotype unconsciously affect their behavior. This Article looks at one aspect of the intersection between this heightened litigiousness among employees and this evolution in the nature of bias, questioning whether there is some relationship between these two phenomena. Specifically, this Article argues that the proliferation in discrimination litigation might be exacerbating the biases that employers have toward members of a protected class. It asserts that employers frequently leave the antagonistic, emotional, and expensive process of discrimination litigation not only having increased negative views of the plaintiff who initiated the litigation, but also having an enhanced bias against other employees who happen to share the plaintiff’s protected characteristic(s). This Article examines evidence that this “litigation-induced group bias” exists, and discusses potential doctrinal and practice-oriented solutions to this problem, including the role that creative problem-solving, therapeutic jurisprudence, and alternative dispute resolution might play in avoiding this unfortunate and unintended side-effect of discrimination litigation.
Redesigning staff recruitment for the 21st century: a case study from the University of Chicago Library

The University of Chicago Library acquisitions department experienced a significant amount of clerical and supervisory staff turnover between 2016 and 2019. Viewing this period of change as an opportunity to recruit a highly skilled and diverse staff poised to sustain the department for the future. We knew that we had to think differently about what skills we needed and what skills would be transferable from industries outside the library or academe into the library. This paper provides an outline of the potential benefits of non-library industry hiring by looking at current departmental needs and anticipating future industry developments and changes through hiring, and why considering applicants new to the Library may address each of those challenges, why and how to reframe job descriptions and interviews to focus on transferable and soft skills, in the absence of relevant library experience, and looks at needed training and development to acclimate new hires into library work.
Low grade, indolent lymphomas of the head and neck: Comparative toxicity of standard versus very low dose radiation therapy

National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend radiation therapy (RT) for localized indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas (iNHL). Many referring physicians avoid RT to the head and neck (HN) due to fears of toxicity. Very low-dose radiation (4 Gy) for select patients produces sustained local control and recently gained popularity. We compared early and late toxicities of standard 24-30 Gy to 4 Gy in patients with HN iNHL. We retrospectively analyzed 266 consecutive patients with HN iNHL receiving RT from 1994 to 2017. Patient characteristics, outcomes, and toxicities were collected from medical records. Early (≤2 months post-RT) and late (>2 months post-RT) toxicities were graded per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4. Grades 1-2 were defined as "low-grade" and 3-4 "high-grade." Toxicity incidence was compared between 4 and >4 Gy, grouped by treated site (orbit, nonorbital head, neck, skin) and early versus late. Median follow-up was 23 months (2-145) and 68 months (2-256) for 4Gy and >4 Gy cohorts, respectively. Median dose for the >4 Gy cohort was 30 Gy (10.5-54 Gy). Early and late toxicity incidences were lower in the 4 Gy cohort compared to >4 Gy across all RT-sites: early toxicity, orbit, 42% versus 96%; nonorbital head, 24% versus 96%; neck, 22% versus 94%; skin, 31% versus 87%; late toxicity, orbit, 20% versus 71%; nonorbital head, 6% versus 66%; neck, 6% versus 57%; skin, 0% versus 46% (4 Gy vs. >4 Gy, respectively). Toxicities among both cohorts were largely low-grade. High-grade early and late toxicities did not occur in the 4 Gy cohort. There was 1 high-grade early toxicity (Grade 3 dry mouth) and 17 high-grade late toxicities (Grade 3 cataracts) in the >4 Gy cohort. RT to HN for iNHL is associated with minimal short- and long-term toxicity and excellent local control among 4 Gy and >4 Gy treatments. In this setting, "toxicity" concerns should not deter oncologists from potentially curative RT. In select patients where toxicity remains a concern, very low dose 4 Gy could be considered.
A Brief History of Requester-Pays and Other Incentive Systems to Supplement Judicial Management of Discovery

The paper begins with a brief history of civil discovery and argues that the development of the Xerox machine in 1959 led to the problem of overuse (or abuse) of discovery. Next it criticizes the Supreme court decision in Oppenheimer Fund, Inc. v. Sanders, 437 U.S. 340 (1978), for not providing specific guidance for when judges should allocate costs of complying with discovery requests to requesters rather than producers. It then reviews six significant contributions to the law and economics of civil discovery by Elliott, Setear and Easterbrook, Cooter and Rubinfeld, Redish and McNamara, and Robert Bone. The paper argues that the rules for civil discovery should create incentives to produce a socially efficient level of discovery, such that the parties have enough discovery to reach a just result in settlement or at trial but without so much discovery that its costs become an impediment to reaching a just result in settlement or at trial. It furthers suggests that the costs of discovery are a joint product of activity by both the requesters and the producers of information, and therefore that the allocation of costs is better done retrospectively when it is clearer whether the information was actually needed to produce a fair result.
Evidence of the Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of Oncology Financial Navigation: A Scoping Review.

One in three cancer patients reports financial hardship. Cancer-related financial hardship is associated with diminished quality of life, treatment nonadherence, and early mortality. Over 80% of NCI-designated cancer centers provide some form of oncology financial navigation (OFN). Although interest in OFN has grown, there is little scientific evidence to guide care delivery. We conducted a scoping review to assess the evidence of OFN9s feasibility and preliminary efficacy and determine its core components/functions. Papers were included that (i) evaluated a clinical intervention to reduce financial hardship in patients with cancer or caregivers by facilitating access to resources, (ii) were conducted in the United States, and (iii) were published since 2000. Of 681 titles, 66 met criteria for full-text review, and six met full inclusion/exclusion criteria. The FN literature consists of descriptive studies and pilot trials focused on feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy. The studies showed that OFN implementation and evaluation are feasible; however, efficacy was difficult to evaluate because the studies were limited by small sample sizes (attributed to low patient participation). Most studies were conducted in urban, academic medical centers—which are less likely to be used by the poor and patients of color, who have the highest risk of financial hardship. The studies did not attempt to address the issue of underlying poverty at the individual and community level and whether OFN could be effectively adapted for these care environments. Future OFN programs must be tested with underserved and racially diverse patient populations, and evaluation efforts should aim to understand patient-reported barriers to participation.
Why and How to Demonstrate the Value of Rehabilitation Services.

Abstract The health care delivery landscape in the United States is changing as payment models consider both costs and health outcomes, which are key components of value in health care. Without evidence about the effectiveness and costs of rehabilitation interventions, it is difficult to judge the value of rehabilitation interventions. Understanding the short- and long-term costs associated with implementing a rehabilitation intervention and the intervention's cost-effectiveness compared with other alternatives is critical to supporting decision-making by policymakers, health care administrators, and other decision makers. This article describes the policy context for considering the costs and outcomes of postacute care and rehabilitation interventions, introduces methods for assessing the value of rehabilitation interventions, and summarizes the challenges and opportunities associated with applying value measurement to rehabilitation services. Assessing the value of rehabilitation interventions is critical as we continue to identify, implement, and sustain evidence-based interventions that promote the health and function of people with disabilities.
A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Barriers Associated With Non-Attendance at a Urology Telehealth Clinic in a Safety-Net Hospital.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the factors associated with non-attendance at a urology telehealth clinic in a large urban safety-net hospital after institutional-mandated transition to telehealth due to COVID-19. Methods We identified all encounters scheduled for telehealth after March 17, 2020 and in the subsequent 8 weeks. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with attendance. Results In total there were 322 telehealth encounters, 228 (70.8%) of which were attended and 94 (29.2%) that were not attended. Racial/ethnic minorities accounted for 175 (77.0%) of attended and 73 (76.7%) of non-attended encounters. On multivariable regression, single/divorced/widowed (odds ratio [OR] 2.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-4.43), current substance use disorder (OR 5.33, 95% CI 2.04-13.98), and being scheduled for a new patient appointment (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.04-3.13) were associated with higher odds of not attending a telehealth encounter. Race/ethnicity, primary language, and country of birth were not associated with odds of attendance. Conclusion Our findings identify several social factors (social support, substance use) associated with non-attendance at outpatient telehealth urology encounters at an urban safety-net hospital during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. These barriers may have a greater impact specifically within a safety-net healthcare system and will inform equitable provision of urology telehealth programs in the future Funding Goldberg-Benioff Endowed Professorship in Cancer Biology. The sponsors had no involvement with this study.
Local Sound Speed Estimation for Pulse-Echo Ultrasound in Layered Media

Our previous methodology in local sound speed estimation utilized time delays measured by the cross-correlation of delayed full synthetic aperture channel data to estimate the average speed of sound. However, focal distortions in this methodology lead to biased estimates of the average speed of sound, which, in turn, leads to biased estimates of the local speed of sound. Here, we demonstrate the bias in the previous methodology and introduce a coherence-based average sound speed estimator that eliminates this bias and is computationally much cheaper in practice. Because this coherence-based approach estimates the average sound speed in the medium over an equally-spaced grid in depth rather than time, we derive a refined model that relates the local and average speeds of sound as a function of depth in layered media. A fast, closed-form inversion of this model yields highly accurate local sound speed estimates. The root mean-square (RMS) error of local sound speed reconstruction in simulations of two-layer media is 4.6, and 2.5 m/s at 4 and 8 MHz, respectively. This work examines the impact of frequency, f-number, aberration, and reverberation on sound speed estimation. Phantom and in-vivo experiments in rats further validate the coherence-based sound speed estimator.
FX Swap Valuation As a Cost of Filling Dollar Funding Gap: A Hierarchical and Dealer-Centric Perspective

This paper constructs a model of the FX swap valuation, the cost of synthetic dollar borrowing, based on the dealers’ behavior and the hierarchy of international finance. In this model, three fundamentals- market-making costs (measured by dealers’ bid-ask spreads), dollar funding liquidity risk (measured by CIP deviation), and the FX swap market liquidity (measured by the dealers’ competition)- derive the valuation of FX swap. The goal is to understand the financial instability spillovers between FX swaps and offshore US-Dollar funding markets through the “dealers” channel. FX dealers are vital institutions that connect different national monetary jurisdictions in the international monetary system. For currencies where FX turnover is low, market makers are central banks. On the other hand, those dealers are primarily private banks for currencies with the highest FX turnover, such as the US dollar. Nevertheless, studying the “dollar funding gap” through the lens of FX swap dealers is a feature that often gets overlooked in International Political Economy scholarship.
Social Reinforcement of Children's Behavior

Publisher Summary Adult approval is one of the most commonly used means of effecting behavioral change in children. From the period of mid-infancy the responses of parents and other significant adults form the referent, which the child utilizes in ascertaining whether his behavior is permissible, satisfactory, or commendable. As adult approval is more frequently expressed by a nod, smile, or “that's fine,” than in the presentation of tangible reinforcement, the social aspects of adult approval constitute the most common source of reinforcement for most children. Despite its importance, child psychologists have been relatively late in beginning a systematic investigation of the variables, which decrease or enhance the effectiveness of social reinforcement in modifying children's behavior. This chapter organizes the available data and points out some of the more significant questions that still await answers. Many variables, singly and in interaction, determine whether supportive comments from an adult will be greatly or only modestly effective.
Nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 Infections in the United States

During the past two decades, strains of nontoxigenic (NT) Vibrio cholerae O1 have been isolated in several countries, including Bangladesh, Guam, Brazil, Peru, Japan, England, and the United States. This chapter summarizes the available epidemiologic, microbiologic, and clinical information on NT V. cholerae O1 isolates from humans in the United States received by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) between 1977 and 1991. NT V. cholerae of O group 1 is biochemically and serologically indistinguishable from toxigenic V. cholerae O1, the cause of epidemic cholera, but does not produce cholera toxin (CT). The elevated levels of cyclic AMP in the mucosal cells of the small bowel cause a cascade that ultimately results in hypersecretion of chloride and bicarbonate into the intestinal lumen and hence a net osmotic efflux of water. NT V. cholerae O1 isolates were associated with a broad spectrum of illnesses. Symptoms recorded in medical records and epidemiologic reporting forms showed that 6 (43%) of 14 patients were hospitalized but that none died. Public health practitioners should regard NT V. cholerae O1 as a potential human pathogen but not as a pathogen with the same lethality and epidemic potential as toxigenic V. cholerae O1.
Knowledge Application and Transfer for Complex Tasks in Ill-Structured Domains: Implications for Instruction and Testing in Biomedicine

Educational transfer occurs when knowledge, acquired in a specific context or for one purpose, is used in a different context or for a different purpose. There are the obvious cases of transfer, for example, the transfer of knowledge learned in a school classroom to the running of a business. However, many less obvious instances of transfer involve the productive utilization (application) of knowledge in doing substantial cognitive tasks, since these tasks are not likely to duplicate exactly the conditions under which the pertinent knowledge was acquired (cf. Voss 1978). In complex professional domains such as medicine, two kinds of failures of transfer and knowledge application have often been identified. One involves the demonstration of erratic clinical competence from one instance of knowledge application to another. That is, practitioners may handle certain clinical cases quite well while performing poorly on others (e.g., Barrows et al. 1978; Elstein et al. 1978). The second is the difficulty that individuals appear to have in applying conceptual knowledge from pertinent basic sciences to clinical problem solving tasks (e.g., Lesgold et al. 1988; Myers et al. 1990; Patel et al. 1989; Patel et al. 1991 ).
High Precision Thermal Neutron Detectors

Two-dimensional position sensitive detectors are indispensable in neutron diffraction experiments for determination of molecular and crystal structures in biology, solid-state physics and polymer chemistry. Some performance characteristics of these detectors are elementary and obvious, such as the position resolution, number of resolution elements, neutron detection efficiency, counting rate and sensitivity to gamma-ray background. High performance detectors are distinguished by more subtle characteristics such as the stability of the response (efficiency) versus position, stability of the recorded neutron positions, dynamic range, blooming or halo effects. While relatively few of them are needed around the world, these high performance devices are sophisticated and fairly complex; their development requires very specialized efforts. In this context, we describe here a program of detector development, based on {sup 3}He filled proportional chambers, which has been underway for some years at Brookhaven. Fundamental approaches and practical considerations are outlined that have resulted in a series of high performance detectors with the best known position resolution, position stability, uniformity of reliability over time of this type.
Cytokine expression increases in nonmyocytes from rats with postinfarction heart failure

Growing evidence suggests that cardiac nonmyocyte cells may play an important regulatory role in the response to myocardial overload and injury via altered expression of paracrine products, such as...
Relative Metal Abundance Patterns in Two Damped Lyman—Alpha Systems

We derive absolute and relative metal abundances for two damped Lyα systems using high resolution, high S/N observations. The results have important implications for understanding the chemical evolution history of galaxies.
Biomarker-driven diagnosis of diffuse gliomas

The diffuse gliomas are primary central nervous system tumors that arise most frequently in the cerebral hemispheres of adults. They are currently classified as astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas or oligoastrocytomas and range in grade from II to IV. Glioblastoma (GBM), grade IV, is the highest grade and most common form. The diagnosis of diffuse gliomas has historically been based primarily on histopathologic features, yet these tumors have a wide range of biological behaviors that are only partially explained by morphology. Biomarkers have now become an established component of the neuropathologic diagnosis of gliomas, since molecular alterations aid in classification, prognostication and prediction of therapeutic response. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are frequent in grades II and III infiltrating gliomas of adults, as well as secondary GBMs, and are a major discriminate of biologic class. IDH mutant infiltrating astrocytomas (grades II and III), as well as secondary GBMs, are characterized by TP53 and ATRX mutations. Oligodendrogliomas are also IDH mutant, but instead are characterized by 1p/19q co-deletion and mutations of CIC, FUBP1, Notch1 and the TERT promoter. Primary GBMs typically lack IDH mutations and demonstrate EGFR, PTEN, TP53, PDGFRA, NF1 and CDKN2A/B alterations and TERT promoter mutations. Pediatric gliomas differ in their spectrum of disease from those in adults; high grade gliomas occurring in children frequently have mutations in H3F3A, ATRX and DAXX, but not IDH. Circumscribed, low grade gliomas, such as pilocytic astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and ganglioglioma, need to be distinguished from diffuse gliomas in the pediatric population. These gliomas often harbor mutations or activating gene rearrangements in BRAF.
Using the fuzzy object model for geographical information systems

Geographical information systems (GISs) are being used in many new ways besides traditional cartography. Object-oriented technology provides both complex modeling capabilities for domain knowledge and distributed computing for interoperability between multiple GIS. An object data model for GIS, however, by itself is incomplete since geographical information often may be vague and imprecise. The integration of the two technologies of fuzzy set theory and the object data model into the fuzzy object model can serve as a knowledge representation tool for meeting the evolving needs of GISs. This paper describes the fuzzy object model using GIS examples and examines various semantics of uncertainty within the supertype/subtype hierarchy and alternatives for defining a fuzzy inheritance scheme for GIS objects.
Temporal data mining approaches for sustainable chiller management in data centers

Practically every large IT organization hosts data centers---a mix of computing elements, storage systems, networking, power, and cooling infrastructure---operated either in-house or outsourced to major vendors. A significant element of modern data centers is their cooling infrastructure, whose efficient and sustainable operation is a key ingredient to the “always-on” capability of data centers. We describe the design and implementation of CAMAS (Chiller Advisory and MAnagement System), a temporal data mining solution to mine and manage chiller installations. CAMAS embodies a set of algorithms for processing multivariate time-series data and characterizes sustainability measures of the patterns mined. We demonstrate three key ingredients of CAMAS---motif mining, association analysis, and dynamic Bayesian network inference---that help bridge the gap between low-level, raw, sensor streams, and the high-level operating regions and features needed for an operator to efficiently manage the data center. The effectiveness of CAMAS is demonstrated by its application to a real-life production data center managed by HP.
Two theorems for the group velocity in dispersive media

Two theorems on the group velocity are presented in this paper. First a simple proof is given that for any dispersive dielectric, there must be a frequency at which the group velocity of an electromagnetic pulse becomes abnormal, i.e., greater than the vacuum speed of light, infinite, or negative. Second, at the frequency at which the attenuation (or gain) is a maximum, the group velocity must be abnormal (or normal). This second theorem is more widely applicable, e.g., to propagation in waveguides or through multilayer dielectrics. To illustrate these theorems we discuss dispersion in a medium with two resonance lines, one absorption and the other gain. We find that the group velocity is abnormal within the absorption line and in a transparent region outside the gain line.
Body wave extraction and tomography at Long Beach, California, with ambient-noise interferometry

We retrieve P diving waves by applying seismic interferometry to ambient-noise records observed at Long Beach, California, and invert travel times of these waves to estimate 3-D P wave velocity structure. The ambient noise is recorded by a 2-D dense and large network, which has about 2500 receivers with 100 m spacing. Compared to surface wave extraction, body wave extraction is a much greater challenge because ambient noise is typically dominated by surface wave energy. For each individual receiver pair, the cross-correlation function obtained from ambient-noise data does not show clear body waves. Although we can reconstruct body waves when we stack correlation functions over all receiver pairs, we need to extract body waves at each receiver pair separately for imaging spatial heterogeneity of subsurface structure. Therefore, we employ two filters after correlation to seek body waves between individual receiver pairs. The first filter is a selection filter based on the similarity between each correlation function and the stacked function. After selecting traces containing stronger body waves, we retain about two million correlation functions (35% of all correlation functions) and successfully preserve most of body wave energy in the retained traces. The second filter is a noise suppression filter to enhance coherent energy (body waves here) and suppress incoherent noise in each trace. After applying these filters, we can reconstruct clear body waves from each virtual source. As an application of using extracted body waves, we estimate 3-D P wave velocities from these waves with travel time tomography. This study is the first body wave tomography result obtained from only ambient noise recorded at the ground surface. The velocity structure estimated from body waves has higher resolution than estimated from surface waves.
Effects of single and multiple dose LSD on endogenous levels of brain tyrosine and catecholamines

The effects on brain catecholamines of seven daily doses of d-LSD 520 mug/kg injected i.p. to Sprague-Dawley rats on a tolerance dosage schedule (L X 7) were compared with the effects of a single dose of LSD (L X 1) 520 mug/kg or 1040 mug/kg, over a 90 min time course. Compared to saline controls, after a single dose of 520 mug/kg LSD, there was a significant decrease in brain norepinephrine at 30 to 60 min, a rise in dopamine at 60 min, and a small rise in brain tyrosine at early time points followed by significant decline from control levels after 60 min. The effects of a single dose of 1040 mug/kg LSD were similar to the 520 mug/kg dose but were greater in both magnitude and duration of the brain catecholamine changes. After a tolerance dosage schedule there were significant changes in the response of brain catecholamines to 520 mug/kg LSD. The rise in brain dopamine at 60 min was abolished, brain tyrosine was uniformly below both saline and L times 1 animals, and brain norepinephrine returned to control levels slightly faster.
Cystic Fibrosis: When Should High-resolution Computed Tomography of the Chest Be Obtained?

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is a specific technique for chest imaging that uses thin computed tomography (CT) slices and special computer processing to produce extremely detailed images of the lung parenchyma. HRCT is capable of producing anatomic information similar to that obtained from pathologic examination of lung sections.1 The ability of HRCT to extremely detailed evaluation of the lungs in cystic fibrosis has long been recognized. Initially there was no compelling reason for this evaluation because it rarely changed treatment decisions. With the advent of new therapies, both in use and under development, and with gene therapy raising the possibility of cure, there is now a great need for detailed evaluation of the lungs as an outcome measure for …
The oyxgen and hydrogen isotope geochemistry of ocean sediments and shales

Abstract Oxygen and hydrogen isotope analyses were made on the carbonate-free fractions of twenty-seven ocean core samples from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. δO18 values ranged from +11.5 to +28.5 permil, and δD values ranged from −5.5 to −8.7 per cent relative to SMOW. On the basis of chemical analyses the cores were divided into two groups, those with Fe + Mn between 7 and 15 wt. % and those with Fe + Mn between 2 and 5 wt. %. On the basis of mineralogic analyses by Goldberg and Griffin (1963, 1967) and isotopic and chemical analyses, the ferromanganese-rich samples appear to have a large authigenic component while the ferromanganese-poor samples appear to be primarily detrital. The oxygen isotopic compositions of the clay minerals in the detrital group of samples reflect the provenance and mode of origin of these minerals. There is no evidence for oxygen isotopic exchange, and inconclusive evidence for hydrogen isotopic exchange between these samples and sea water, even though some have been dated by the ionium-thorium method as being as old as 250,000 years (Goldberg and Griffin, 1963). The range of published δO18 values of shales, supplemented by two new analyses, is similar to that of the ocean core samples of detrital origin. Therefore, as far as the isotopic record is concerned it is impossible to distinguish between marine and non-marine shales. Material balance calculations suggest that the effect of weathering and sedimentary processes has been to deplete the hydrosphere of O18 by about 3 permil and to enrich the hydrosphere in deuterium by about 0.03 per cent during the earth's history.
Globalisation and Literary History

Last week I was at a meeting of Latin American scholars who were debating a joint project provisionally titled, ‘ Between Power and Knowledge. Towards a History of Intellectual Elites ’ . It soon became clear that all of the terms of the title including ‘ between ’ were to be contested. Such radical revisionism also haunts Latin American literary studies as we attempt to rethink national and regional cultures in what is now regarded as a post-national moment, one in which there has been a rejection of linear historical narrative, a questioning of the very term ‘ Latin American ’ as a self-explanatory framework and of literature as an evolving series of well defi ned genres and movements, evaluated according to not always very clear aesthetic criteria and with regard for linguistic virtuosity. The national and continental imaginaries, deployed in Neruda ’ s Canto General , in Gabriela Mistral ’ s Canto a Chile , in Lopez Velarde ’ s Suave Patria , and explored, re-evaluated and condemned in countless novels, are diluted or dissipated as Latin American writers now situate their narratives in Siberia, Germany, Africa, London, Paris or a myriad of other places or abandon the nation ’ s capital for its margins and provinces. When I began teaching in the early sixties, it was quite common for people to ask what was ‘ my ’ country, taking it for granted that one specialised in a national culture. Jose Donoso remarked on the fact that it was uncommon in 1960 to hear laymen speak of the contemporary Spanish American novel: ‘there were Uruguayan, or Ecuadorian, Mexican or Venezuelan novels ’ ( Donoso, 1977: 10 ). Yet many writers, most prominently Borges, had already repudiated the idea of a purely national tradition. Cortazar (1969) boasted of the mental ubiquity afforded him because of living and writing in Paris, and Donoso (1977: 19) enthusiastically supported the ‘ disfi guring contamination of foreign languages and literatures ’ . But this did not mean that they did not situate their writing within the nation, although their view was often oblique. There was an abundance of terms – dependency, underdevelopment, Third World, periphery – to which thinking about the nation was yoked ( Escobar, 1995 ), and there was anxiety over anachronism, over the time warp, over the need to attain parity, or, as Octavio Paz put it (e.g. Paz, 1967 ), to inhabit a time when Latin Americans would be in synchrony with the rest of the world, a synchrony which the novelists felt themselves to have attained. The boom was a coming of age, an entry into adulthood, and a refusal to be identifi ed with the rural or with anachronistic narratives such as the ‘ novela de la tierra ’ .
Chromatic number of distance graphs generated by the sets {2,3,x,y}

Let D be a set of positive integers. The distance graph generated by D has all integers ℤ as the vertex set; two vertices are adjacent whenever their absolute difference falls in D. We completely determine the chromatic number for the distance graphs generated by the sets D={2,3,x,y} for all values x and y. The methods we use include the density of sequences with missing differences and the parameter involved in the so called “lonely runner conjecture”. Previous results on this problem include: For x and y being prime numbers, this problem was completely solved by Voigt and Walther (Discrete Appl. Math. 51:197–209, 1994); and other results for special integers of x and y were obtained by Kemnitz and Kolberg (Discrete Math. 191:113–123, 1998) and by Voigt and Walther (Discrete Math. 97:395–397, 1991).
Embodying Sacred History: Performing Creationism for Believers

By coupling the physical form of a traditional natural history museum with a radical community-based agenda, the Creation Museum seeks to empower a group that perceives itself as disenfranchised. This venue's material and spatial performance aligns creationism with rigorous scientific investigation, offering creationist visitors a feeling of stability and certainty.
Gender Stereotypes Are Alive, Well, and Busy Producing Workplace Discrimination

Acriticalexaminationofresearchontherelationshipbetweenstereotypingandworkplace discrimination must meet three requirements.Thefirstrequirementisanunderstanding of the theory that guides this research. The second requirement is anunbiased review of relevant research. The third requirement is comprehension of the ways thatdifferenttypesofresearchareinformative about behavior in organizations. Landy (2008) meets none of these requirements. He misstates the consensual social scientific theory about the relation between stereotyping and discrimination, presents onlya selective portion of the relevant research, and misconstrues the basis for generalizing researchfindingstoorganizations.Asaresult, Landy misrepresents the evidence for stereotype-based workplace discrimination. For brevity, we consider only sex discrimination. Also, consistent with Landy’s emphasis, we address the consequences of stereotypes that describe women and men as opposed to stereotypes that prescribe normatively acceptable behavior for them and thus sanction behavior deviating from gender norms (see Eagly & Karau, 2002; Heilman, 2001).
Population Growth Potential of the Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius L.: A Life Table Analysis

Experimental life tables were constructed and analyzed for three strains of the common bed bug: a pyrethroid-susceptible laboratory strain (HS), a highly resistant field strain (RR), and a field strain with a declining level of resistance (KR). Egg to adult survival in the RR strain was 94% compared with 79% and 69% in the HS and KR strains, respectively. The RR strain also developed significantly faster from egg to adult (~35 days) than the other two strains (~40 days). Analysis of a survivorship and fecundity life table for the RR strain produced the following results. The average life expectancy for a newly laid egg was ~143 days, and that of a newly molted adult was ~127 days. Females produced an average of 0.64 daughter eggs/day with the highest weekly production during the fifth week of adult life. Analysis of daily reproductive parity showed that females produced 1-3 and 4-6 eggs on 79 and 21% of the days, respectively, when egg laying occurred. The net reproductive rate (R₀) of the RR strain was ~35, which represents a 35-fold increase in the population per generation (~92 days). The intrinsic rate of increase, r, was 0.054 indicating that the population multiplies 1.1 times/female/day (λ) and doubles in size every 13 days. The stable age distribution (cx) was dominated by nymphs (54%), followed by eggs (34%) and adults (12%). Reproductive values (vx) for the strain increased from egg to the adult stage.