cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Support Among Women for the Issues of the Women's Movement

Using both data from a national and community sample, this paper explores support among women for issues relevant to the women's rights movement, and the extent to which the issues of the movement ...
Succinic Acid Dehydrogenase Activity of Walker Rat Carcinoma 256 When Utilizing Riboflavin Homologs

SummaryWhen biologically equivalent amounts of riboflavin, 7-ethyl-8-methyl-flavin and 7-methyl-8-ethyl-flavin are being utilized by rats bearing Walker carcinoma 256, 7-ethyl-8-methyl-flavin is accumulated by the tumor in higher concentration than are the other two flavins. The SDH activity for the tumors utilizing 7-ethyl-8-methyl-flavin is reduced to approximately 20% of the value for the animals utilizing riboflavin, whether expressed in absolute units or in units per unit of tissue flavin. The tumor utilizes any one of the flavins for SDH activity more efficiently than the liver utilizes them for this enzyme.
CpG-1826 immunotherapy potentiates chemotherapeutic and anti-tumor immune responses to metronomic cyclophosphamide in a preclinical glioma model

Cyclophosphamide administered on an intermittent metronomic schedule induces strong immune-dependent regression in several glioma models. Here we investigate whether this immunogenic chemotherapy can be potentiated by combination with the immune stimulatory TLR9 agonist CpG-1826. CpG-1826 treatment of GL261 gliomas implanted in immune competent mice induced tumor growth delay associated with increased tumor recruitment of macrophages and B cells. Anti-tumor responses varied between individuals, with CpG-1826 inducing robust tumor growth delay in ~50% of treated mice. Both high and low CpG-1826-responsive mice showed striking improvements when CpG-1826 was combined with cyclophosphamide treatment. Tumor-associated macrophages, B cells, dendritic cells, and cytotoxic T cells were increased, T regulatory cells were not induced, and long-term GL261 glioma regression with immune memory was achieved when CpG-1826 was combined with either single cyclophosphamide dosing (90 mg/kg) or metronomic cyclophosphamide treatment (two cycles at 45 mg/kg, spaced 12-days apart). B16F10 melanoma, a low immunogenic tumor model, also showed enhanced immune and anti-tumor responses to cyclophosphamide/CpG-1826 chemoimmunotherapy, but unlike GL261 tumors, did not regress. TLR9-based immunotherapy can thus be effectively combined with immunogenic cyclophosphamide treatment to enhance immune-based anti-tumor responses, even in poorly immunogenic cancer models.
Powdered Metals in North Central Pennsylvania

Powdered metallurgy manufacturing processes form green metal parts from particulate powders which, then, are sintered to produce complex, near-shape parts with high dimensional controls, low scrap, and desirable metallurgical properties. Pennsylvania, especially the North Central WIA, has captured the dominant share of the U.S powdered metallurgy manufacturing. Threats to the powdered metallurgy manufacturing industry in the North Central WIA include global competition and the possibility that the industry might begin reaching a growth ceiling associated with maturing industries.Opportunities exist for the powdered metallurgy manufacturing industry in the North Central WIA to yield cost and flexibility advantage relative to more traditional metal forming industries. Additional opportunities are available for improving the impact of the powdered metallurgy manufacturing industry on employment and earnings in the North Central WIA through substitution of local supply for imports and through increasing the competitiveness of manufacturing industry is subject to global competitive pressures. Porter's Five Forces Analysis provides a framework for benchmarking the global competitive position of the powdered metallurgy manufacturing industry. The five forces underlying Porter's model include: threat of new entrants; threat of substitute products; bargaining power of customers; bargaining power of suppliers, and competitive rivalry within an industry. The Penn State WED Initiative is designing a study of the global competitive position of the powdered metal part manufacturing industry around Porter's framework as an aid to strategic planning for the stability and growth of the industry.
The National Institutes of Health StrokeNet: A User's Guide.

See related article, p 304. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) established the National Institutes of Health (NIH) StrokeNet to facilitate the rapid initiation and efficient implementation of small and large multisite exploratory and confirmatory clinical trials focused on promising interventions for stroke prevention, treatment, and recovery, as well as validation studies of biomarkers or outcome measures. The network is open to execute high-effect trial ideas that can come from any corner of the wide stroke community. This network, which was initiated in the Fall of 2013, currently involves 288 hospitals across the United States and is designed to serve as the infrastructure and pipeline for new potential treatments for patients with stroke and those at risk of stroke. NIH StrokeNet also provides a tremendous educational platform for stroke physicians and other healthcare professionals, particularly those individuals in training and focused on an academic career. To maximize the effect of NIH StrokeNet, it is important for the larger stroke community to know its structure and the process and timeline by which stroke trials are developed and implemented. For more detailed information on the NIH StrokeNet, its ongoing trials, and educational webinars, one can visit the website https://www.nihstrokenet.org/. The NIH StrokeNet is a cooperative research program supported by the NINDS. The main components include the National Coordinating Center (NCC) at the University of Cincinnati, the National Data Management Center (NDMC) at the Medical University of South Carolina, and 25 academic regional coordinating centers (RCCs) across the United States. The NCC is responsible for the network infrastructure, initiation of collaborative relationships, facilitation of the design, oversight, and management of network studies. Operationally, the NCC is the home for a Central Institutional Review Board (IRB) for NIH StrokeNet. Each participating network hospital signs a reliance agreement with the …
Detecting changes in myocardial perfusion

Existing and new algorithms were evaluated for their efficacy in detecting and quantifying serial changes in myocardial perfusion from SPECT. Measures generated from standard perfusion quantification methods, i.e., summed stress score (SSS) and stress total severity score (STSS), and new methods using t-scores were investigated for their usefulness in finding perfusion changes. We generated 36 simulations with various perfusion defect sizes and severities using the NURBs-based CArdiac Torso (NCAT) phantom. We compared the methods’ abilities to detect perfusion differences within a given defect size, or lesion mass changes within a given defect severity. For a 10% change in defect severity, SSS and STSS changes averaged 0.07±0.1 and 0.17±0.1, respectively. The STSS and SSS values correlated with the true change of mass as y=8.4x − 1.33, r=0.97, and y= 0.44x + 0.23, r=0.86., respectively. Regional t-scores detected all 10% perfusion changes and most 5% perfusion changes. Measured changes in defect masses correlated with true mass changes as y=0.55x-0.25g, r=0.93. Even in this limited study, it is evident that currently available techniques, such as SSS and STSS are not sufficient for detecting small changes in perfusion severity and size. New methods, such as t-scores, are needed.
Modeling immune response and its effect on infectious disease outbreak dynamics

In recent epidemiological models, immunity is incorporated as a simplified value that determines the capacity of an individual to become infected or to transmit the disease. Moreover, the quality of the immune response determines the chances of infection and the length of time an individual is capable to infect others. We present a model that incorporates individuals’ immune responses to, further, examine the role of the collective immune response of individuals in a population during an infectious outbreak. We constructed a contagion model that incorporates the collective immune response of individuals represented by the superposition of individual immune responses (PIR). Multiple probability distributions are used to represent the immunocompetence of different age groups, thereby modeling the concept of Population Immune Response (PIR). Multiple experiments were conducted in which the population is divided in different age groups for which each group has a unique immune response quality and thus a different length for its immune periods. Finally, we explored the effects of implementing different vaccination strategies in the population. The experiments displayed important variations in the outbreak dynamics as a consequence of incorporating PIR in homogeneous and mixed populations. The experiments showed that individuals with weak immune responses and those who are immune to the pathogen play a significant role in shaping the outbreak dynamics. Finally, after implementing different vaccination strategies, the results suggest that if vaccination resources are limited, the vaccination should be targeted towards individuals that spread the disease for a longer period of time. Our results suggest that it is essential for the public health establishment to increase their understanding of the characteristics of regional demographics that could impact the quality of the immune response of the individuals. The results indicate that it is necessary to further investigate mitigation strategies to limit the capacity to transmit the disease by individuals that spread the pathogen for extended periods of time. Ultimately, this study suggests that it is crucial for public health researchers to identify appropriate targeted vaccination regimes and to explore the link between PIR and outbreak dynamics to improve the monitoring and mitigating efforts of ongoing and future epidemics.
Observation-based training for neuroprosthetic control of grasping by amputees

Current brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) allow upper limb amputees to position robotic arms with a high degree of accuracy, but lack the ability to control hand pre-shaping for grasping different objects. We have previously shown that low frequency (0.1-1 Hz) time domain cortical activity recorded at the scalp via electroencephalography (EEG) encodes information about grasp pre-shaping. To transfer this technology to clinical populations such as amputees, the challenge lies in constructing BMI models in the absence of overt training hand movements. Here we show that it is possible to train BMI models using observed grasping movements performed by a robotic hand attached to amputees' residual limb. Three transradial amputees controlled the grasping motion of an attached robotic hand via their EEG, following the action-observation training phase. Over multiple sessions, subjects successfully grasped the presented object (a bottle or a credit card) in 53±16 % of trials, demonstrating the validity of the BMI models. Importantly, the validation of the BMI model was through closed-loop performance, which demonstrates generalization of the model to unseen data. These results suggest `mirror neuron system' properties captured by delta band EEG that allows neural representation for action observation to be used for action control in an EEG-based BMI system.
Indirect-detection single-photon-counting x-ray detector for breast tomosynthesis

X-ray mammography is a crucial screening tool for early identification of breast cancer. However, the overlap of anatomical features present in projection images often complicates the task of correctly identifying suspicious masses. As a result, there has been increasing interest in acquisition of volumetric information through digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) which, compared to mammography, offers the advantage of depth information. Since DBT requires acquisition of many projection images, it is desirable that the noise in each projection image be dominated by the statistical noise of the incident x-ray quanta and not by the additive noise of the imaging system (referred to as quantum-limited imaging) and that the cumulative dose be as low as possible (e.g., no more than for a mammogram). Unfortunately, the electronic noise (~2000 electrons) present in current DBT systems based on active matrix, flat-panel imagers (AMFPIs) is still relatively high compared with modest x-ray gain of the a-Se and CsI:Tl x-ray converters often used. To overcome the modest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) limitations of current DBT systems, we have developed a large-area x-ray imaging detector with the combination of an extremely low noise (~20 electrons) active-pixel CMOS and a specially designed high resolution scintillator. The high sensitivity and low noise of such system provides better SNR by at least an order of magnitude than current state-of-art AMFPI systems and enables x-ray indirect-detection single photon counting (SPC) at mammographic energies with the potential of dose reduction.
A Study of the Reproductive Compatibility of Several Strains of Trichogramma in Southern California

Stock cultures of Trichogramma were obtained from parasitized eggs of Heliothis zea (Boddie) collected from tomato and sweet corn; Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) eggs from tomato, cabbage, lettuce, and potato; Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) eggs from tomato; and eggs of Manduca sp. from tomato plants in southern California. The reproductive compatibility of these various strains of Trichogramma was checked by a series of cross-breeding studies. The results show that the F1 progeny of the various crosses were interfertile, indicating that the parental strains were the same species. When cross-breeding studies between Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (from Pieris rapae (L.) eggs from France) and the Trichogramma strain from H. zea eggs from tomato (reference strain) were attempted, F1 progeny were not obtained, indicating that the two were different species.
Study on the physical fatigue alleviating function of wolf-berry capsules in animals

Objective The study was undertaken to investigate the anti-fatigue effect of wolf-berry capsules Methods Mice were randomly assigned to control group,Low dose,middle dose and high dose experimental groups according to their weights Wolf-berry capsules prepared with plant oil were orally administered to mice in experimental groups at doses of 0 1、0 2、 0 6 g/(kg·bw) The control rats were given same volume of plant oil After 30 days,the effect on pergormance of the forced swimming test,on blood biochemical parameters related to fatigue,blood urea nitrogen(BUN),lactic acid,and liver glycogen content were investigated Results 0 2 g/(kg·bw)dose could significantly prolonged swimming time,reduced BUN level and accelerate lactic acid clearance after mice swimming The liver glycogen storage did not show any significant change Conclusion Wolf-berry capsules could alleviate physical fatigue in mice
Simple linear regression

In this chapter we introduce the statistical technique of regression analysis. This form of statistical study is more complex than the treatment given here would suggest: excluded are multiple and non-linear regression. Indeed, many second-year statistical courses will cover regression analysis only. As presented here, however, regression techniques will be found to be applicable to many research situations in the social sciences. Regression analysis is applied to numerical data, usually continuous, although discontinuous data are also amenable to regression. The design of the analysis presents a departure from what we have covered in previous chapters: instead of comparing two or more samples, regression focuses on the relation between two variables. Moreover, there is a stated interest in explaining the behavior of the dependent variable according to the independent variable (in multiple regression, there are several independent variables). As you recall, the dependent or response variable (usually referred to as Y ) is the one whose behavior we wish to understand and predict. The independent or predictor variable (usually referred to as X ) is the one we use to understand and explain the behavior of the Y . The researcher manipulates or controls the independent variable, in order to observe the response of the dependent one. Thus, the main distinction between the X and Y is that the former can be controlled, or at least measured without error, by the researcher. The latter is free to vary, and is simply recorded (not manipulated).
Exploring Visible and Invisible Differences and Similarities in Couple Therapy

ABSTRACTInterracial couples continue to grow in numbers, though there has been little research aimed to understand the experiences and unique challenges of this population. Among these challenges are stressors associated with the interplay between cultural differences and similarities. In this paper, we present an intervention called the visible invisible grid, that can be used to help interracial and intercultural couples discuss their invisible and visible differences and similarities. To illustrate the intervention, a case example is provided along with contraindications and clinical implications.
CloudRadar: A Real-Time Side-Channel Attack Detection System in Clouds

We present CloudRadar, a system to detect, and hence mitigate, cache-based side-channel attacks in multi-tenant cloud systems. CloudRadar operates by correlating two events: first, it exploits signature-based detection to identify when the protected virtual machine (VM) executes a cryptographic application; at the same time, it uses anomaly-based detection techniques to monitor the co-located VMs to identify abnormal cache behaviors that are typical during cache-based side-channel attacks. We show that correlation in the occurrence of these two events offer strong evidence of side-channel attacks. Compared to other work on side-channel defenses, CloudRadar has the following advantages: first, CloudRadar focuses on the root causes of cache-based side-channel attacks and hence is hard to evade using metamorphic attack code, while maintaining a low false positive rate. Second, CloudRadar is designed as a lightweight patch to existing cloud systems, which does not require new hardware support, or any hypervisor, operating system, application modifications. Third, CloudRadar provides real-time protection and can detect side-channel attacks within the order of milliseconds. We demonstrate a prototype implementation of CloudRadar in the OpenStack cloud framework. Our evaluation suggests CloudRadar achieves negligible performance overhead with high detection accuracy.
John Dicks’s Cheap Reprint Series, 1850s–1890s: Reading Advertisements

John Thomas Dicks, though relatively disregarded by modern critics, arguably was the most successful of a new breed of young, savvy, and enterprising nineteenth-century British publishers who successfully catered for the emerging mass market. He is mainly known to most Victorian scholars, if he is known at all, as the business partner of G.W.M. Reynolds and publisher of Reynolds’s mammoth 12-volume best seller, The Mysteries of London and The Mysteries of the Court of London (1844–55), the popular journal Reynolds’ Miscellany (begun in 1846 and merged with Bow Bells, a major source of popular fiction, in 1869), and the radical working-class weekly Reynolds Weekly Newspaper (started in 1850).1 But in his own time, Dicks was known as much or even more for another series of publishing ventures that bore his own name, that is, Dicks’s reprint series, in which he shrewdly combined individual texts—mainly drama and novels—into special numbered and titled series (which encouraged buyers or readers to obtain more of individual entries in the series). These series were aggressively advertised in all of Dicks’s publications, a phenomenon that I argue had an impact on what his readers came to think was ‘Literature’.
Taxonomy of southern California Erebidae and Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) with descriptions of twenty one new species

Twenty-two new taxa of owlet moths (families Erebidae and Noctuidae) are described along with three status changes from subspecies to species, eleven new synonymies, and twenty-one new combinations. Of the new taxa, one is a new tribe, Annaphilini Mustelin, n. tribe, and twenty-one are new species from southern California: Drasteria convergens Mustelin, n.sp., Tarachidia nigra Mustelin, n.sp., Oncocnemis duplex Troubridge and Mustelin, n.sp., O. helena Mustelin, n.sp., O. sala Mustelin, n.sp., O. kelsoensis Robertson and Mustelin, n.sp., Annaphila scurlockorum Sala and Mustelin, n.sp., Cryphia flavipuncta Mustelin, n.sp., Protoperigea umbricata Mustelin, n.sp., P. subterminata Mustelin, n.sp., P. parvulata Mustelin, n.sp., P. calientensis Mustelin, n.sp., Aseptis fanatica Mustelin, n.sp., Aseptis torreyana Mustelin, n.sp., Apamea robertsoni Mikkola and Mustelin, n.sp., A. digitula Mustelin and Mikkola, n.sp., Photedes sofiae Mustelin, n.sp., Mammifrontia sarae Mustelin, n.sp., Lasionycta sala Troubridge and Mustelin, n.sp., Trichocerapoda harbisoni Mustelin, n.sp., and T. oceanis Robertson and Mustelin, n.sp. The relationship of these new species to their closest relatives is discussed. The following new combinations are proposed to maintain consistency in generic concepts between the European and North American faunas: Agrochola decipiens (Grote, 1881), n. comb., Anarta chartaria (Grote, 1873), n. comb., Anarta trifolii (Hufnagel, 1766), n. comb., Anarta mutata (Dod, 1913), n. comb., Anarta fulgora (Barnes & McDunnough, 1918), n. comb., Anarta castrae (Barnes & McDunnough, 1912), n. comb., Anarta hamata (McDunnough, 1930), n. comb., Anarta oregonica (Grote, 1881), n. comb., Anarta montanica (McDunnough, 1930), n. comb., Anarta columbica (McDunnough, 1930), n. comb., Anarta alta (Barnes & Benjamin, 1924), n. comb., Anarta subalbida (Barnes & Benjamin, 1924), n. comb., Anarta obesula (Smith, 1904), n. comb., Anarta farnhami (Grote, 1873), n. comb., Anarta crotchi (Grote, 1880), n. comb., Anarta oaklandiae (McDunnough, 1937), n. comb., Anarta projecta (McDunnough, 1938), n. comb., Anarta edwardsii (Smith, 1888), n. comb., Anarta florida (Smith, 1900), n. comb., Anarta antica (Smith, 1891), n. comb., and Anarta decepta (Grote, 1883), n. comb.
Resolving the Errors-in-Variables Bias in Risk Premium Estimation

The Fama-Macbeth (1973) rolling-B method is widely used for estimating risk premiums, but its inherent errors-in-variables bias remains an unresolved problem, particularly when using individual assets or macroeconomic factors. We propose a solution with a particular instrumental variable, B calculated from alternate observations. The resulting estimators are unbiased. In simulations, we compare this new approach with several existing methods. The new approach corrects the bias even when the sample period is limited. Moreover, our proposed standard errors are unbiased, and lead to correct rejection size in finite samples.
FE-ELM: A New Friend Recommendation Model with Extreme Learning Machine

Friend recommendation is one of the most popular services in location-based social network (LBSN) platforms, which recommends interested or familiar people to users. Except for the original social property and textual property in social networks, LBSN specially owns the spatial-temporal property. However, none of the existing methods fully utilized all the three properties (i.e., just one or two), which may lead to the low recommendation accuracy. Moreover, these existing methods are usually inefficient. In this paper, we propose a new friend recommendation model to solve the above shortcomings of the existing methods, called feature extraction-extreme learning machine (FE-ELM), where friend recommendation is regarded as a binary classification problem. Classification is an important task in cognitive computation community. First, we use new strategies in our FE-ELM model to extract the spatial-temporal feature, social feature, and textual feature. These features make full use of all above properties of LBSN and ensure the recommendation accuracy. Second, our FE-ELM model also takes advantage of the extreme learning machine (ELM) classifier. ELM has fast learning speed and ensures the recommendation efficiency. Extensive experiments verify the accuracy and efficiency of FE-ELM model.
Going the Distance: Trust Work for Citizen Participation

Trust is a vital component of citizen participation-whether citizens decide to engage in opportunities for participation in local government can hinge entirely on the existence of trust between citizens and public officials. Understanding the role of trust in this space is vital for HCI and the growing area of Digital Civics which works to improve or create new modes of citizen participation. Currently, however, trust is understudied from the perspectives of public officials. This gap creates a critical blind spot as technical interventions may be mismatched to the ways trust is put into action by public officials working to support citizen participation. We begin to address this gap by presenting a broad qualitative study of how public officials in a large US city operationalize trust in citizen participation. We found trust is enacted through ongoing practices that man-age distance in relationships between public officials and city residents.
Comparison of running and cycling economy in runners, cyclists, and triathletes

Exercise economy is one of the main physiological factors determining performance in endurance sports. Running economy (RE) can be improved with running-specific training, while the improvement of cycling economy (CE) with cycling-specific training is controversial. We investigated whether exercise economy reflects sport-specific skills/adaptations or is determined by overall physiological factors. We compared RE and CE in 10 runners, 9 cyclists and 9 triathletes for running at 12 km/h and cycling at 200 W. Gross rates of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were collected and used to calculate gross metabolic rate in watts for both running and cycling. Runners had better RE than cyclists (917 ± 107 W vs. 1111 ± 159 W) (p < 0.01). Triathletes had intermediate RE values (1004 ± 98 W) not different from runners or cyclists. CE was not different (p = 0.20) between the three groups (runners: 945 ± 60 W; cyclists: 982 ± 44 W; triathletes: 979 ± 54 W). RE can be enhanced with running-specific training, but CE is independent of cycling-specific training.
Preparing rehabilitation healthcare providers in the 21st century: Implementation of interprofessional education through an academic-clinical site partnership

Objective Health profession education programs often struggle with barriers to implementing interprofesssional educational (IPE) initiatives, limiting early and consistent exposure of students to core IPE competencies. Few published reports are available to guide the implementation of IPE programs into practice. This article describes a successful and evolving partnership between an independent university and a tertiary care hospital. The IPE goals of this partnership were to expose students to roles of other disciplines in the complex hospital environment and integrate acute care exposure throughout the Doctor of Physical Therapy and Master of Science in Occupational Therapy curricula. Results Faculty and students, patients and families, and occupational and physical therapy clinicians participated in a series of learning activities in an acute care setting involving interprofessional teams of students. Activities included observations of OT and PT clinicians providing standard patient care, practice conducting team patient interviews, and interactive treatment planning sessions conducted live via videoconferencing technology between a patient's hospital room and an academic classroom on the university campus. The activities generally were designed to improve student preparedness for working as part of an interprofessional team in an acute care setting. Conclusions Student and clinician feedback support the early development of student IPE competencies, including the appreciation and understanding of professional roles in the team approach to patient care and the development of effective communication skills. The partnership between the academic institution and tertiary care hospital is an effective vehicle to deliver and sustain IPE educational initiatives in the acute care setting. Current and planned IPE curriculum integration are discussed along with a preliminary analysis of IPE outcomes.
Analysis of large-amplitude conformational transition dynamics in proteins at the single-molecule level

By monitoring the processes of individual, immobilized molecules in real time, it is possible to capture transient and stochastic events that cannot be detected using conventional ensemble-averaged methods. Such rare events on the molecular level are believed to have significant consequences in biological functions. The single-molecule approach therefore offers promising new routes to uncovering the physical and chemical transformations underlying cellular responses. Dynamics and distribution are two unique pieces of information provided by time-dependent single-molecule spectroscopy. However, to extract these pieces of information from the noisy single-molecule time series in an unbiased way is very challenging because single-molecule signals are qualitatively different from ensemble-averaged experiments. With an overarching goal of formulating a predictive understanding of protein molecular machines, this chapter outlines a framework that affords a quantitative and objective analysis of single-molecule signals, with an emphasis on Forster-type energy transfer. Both computer simulations and experimental results are used to illustrate the ideas and practical protocols.
The Phonetic and Phonological Effects of Obsolescence in Northern Paiute

Structural changes in a language are considered nearly inevitable consequences of language death (Campbell & Muntzel 1989; Wolfram 2002). The literature on sound change in endangered languages has focused on whether the changes are internally or externally motivated and, therefore, the difference between categorical sound shifts and gradient phonetic effects has been overlooked. This paper discusses sound change in Northern Paiute through two experiments that investigate the difference between categorical changes in the phonological inventory and subphonemic variation within a category. The paper argues that sound change in obsolescing languages may take one of two predictable paths: substitution or approximation/expansion of phonological categories in the moribund language.
Chapter 10 Growth of Grain Contacts in Halite by Solution-transfer: Implications for Diagenesis, Lithification, and Strength Recovery

Abstract Lithification of a sediment to form a rock may involve cementation, diagenetic reactions, or compaction under load. In these experiments, convex halite lenses were pressed against fiat halite plates at 50° C in a specially designed microscope stage. A saturated brine surrounded the samples, which were observed during the experiment in transmitted and reflected light. No time-dependent convergence was observed between the two crystals, even at mean normal stresses of up to 14 M Pa at the contact. In all experiments, however, the contact (or neck) between the two crystals grew with time as material dissolved from the surrounding lens surfaces, diffused through the pore fluid, and precipitated at the neck. Neck growth rates did not appear to correlate with the applied load, but did systematically increase as the misorientation between the two crystals decreased. Our analysis of the shapes of fluid inclusions formed along the grain boundary within the neck suggests that the grain boundary energy is about 1.8 times greater than the fluid-solid interfacial energy. Neck growth appears to be driven by the reduction of interfacial energy rather than by mechanical loads. Assuming that the interfacial energy is isotropic, and incorporating some geometric simplifications, two models of neck growth were formulated. The rate-controlling steps in the models were either precipitation or diffusion in the pore fluid. The data fit either model equally well. Both models predict that neck growth rate will be rapid at first but will decrease with time, as was observed. Neck growth will lead to an increase in real area of contact between grains in a granular aggregate even without the introduction of supersaturated solutions and may be important in the induration of sediments and the strengthening of fault gouge.
Derivation of Flight-by-Flight Spectra for Fighter Aircraft

The importance of predicting the durability and damage tolerance capability of aircraft structures has underscored the need to derive a realistic flight-by-flight stress spectrum. This stress spectrum is generated from ananalysis of the projected usage (mission profiles), combined with load factor exceedance curves that are obtained either from MIL-A-8866B or recorded data. The mission profiles are defined by the using command (the organization which flies the aircraft) and contain such information as mission length, number of times flown per aircraft lifetime, fuel load, weapons configuration, and a breakdown of the mission by segment, for example, takeoff, climb, cruise, descent, etc. This paper describes two different approaches for obtaining load factor exceedance curves: (1) MIL-A-8866B and (2) data recorded from a different aircraft flying a similar mission. In the first example, the spectrum is derived for a ground-attack fighter that is in the design phase (that is, has never flown) and in the second case, the spectrum is derived for an aircraft that has already been built but is being used in a new mission (flight demonstration squadron). In this second case, a large amount of recorded load factor exceedance data exists from a different aircraft flying the same mission. Using either exceedance curve approach, these data are combined with the mission profile data to develop a stress-exceedance curve for each mission. The stress-exceedance information then is input to a computer program, along with some additional data such as the number of times a given mission is flown. The computer program first generates a random mission ordering and then randomly orders the stresses within each mission. The final result is a random flight-by-flight stress spectra suitable for use in performing damage tolerance and durability analyses and tests.
Analysis of Stepping Stone Attacks in Dynamic Vulnerability Graphs

Vulnerability graphs have been employed as an effective tool for analyzing exploitability and impact of chain of exploits in networked environments. The attack graphs are created by a chain of "stepping stones" from the attacker origin to the desired target. The stepping stones not only provide the intermediate steps to reach the target, but also make it difficulty to identify the attacker's true location. In this paper, we model and analyze stepping stones in dynamic vulnerability graphs. Most analysis based on attack graph assume that the graph edges and weights remain constant during the attacker's attempt to propagate through the network. We propose a biased min- consensus technique for dynamic graphs with switching topology as a distributed technique to determine the attach paths with more probable stepping-stones in dynamic vulnerability graphs. We use min-plus algebra to determine necessary and sufficient convergence conditions. A necessary condition for convergence to the shortest path in the switching topology case is provided.
Music Rights Unveiled: A Filmmaker’s Guide to Music Rights and Licensing

Music Rights Unveiled is a practical, user-friendly guide to music licensing for audiovisual media productions. It includes a succinct explanation of copyright law and the history of music licensin...
Uncertainty quantification and propagation in CALPHAD modeling

Design is about making decisions bounded by a quantifiable degree of certainty. In the context of alloy design, Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) provides the framework whereby performance requirements are ultimately transformed into alloy/processing specifications through the combination of (complex) computational models connecting process-structure-property-performance relationships and experiments. Most ICME approaches consider the models used as deterministic and thus do not provide the means to make alloy design decisions with proper confidence measures. At the root of ICME lie CALPHAD models that describe the thermodynamics and phase stability of phases under specific thermodynamic boundary conditions. To date, the vast majority of efforts within the CALPHAD community have been deterministic in that thermodynamic models and the resulting thermodynamic properties and phase diagram features do not explicitly account for the uncertainties inherent in the model formulation or in the experimental/computational data used. In this contribution, we provide an overview of the state of the field. We review major efforts thus far and we then provide a (brief) tutorial on basic concepts of uncertainty quantification and propagation (UQ/UP) in CALPHAD. We discuss the major features of frequentist and Bayesian interpretations of uncertainty and proceed with a discussion of recent case studies in which UQ has been used to parameterize models for the thermodynamic properties of phases. We follow our discussion by presenting frameworks and demonstrating the propagation of uncertainty in thermodynamic properties and phase diagram predictions and briefly discuss how we can use Bayesian frameworks for rigorous model selection as well as for model fusion. We close our contribution by providing context for what has been done and what remains to be accomplished in order to fully embrace the management of uncertainty in CALPHAD modeling, a foundational element of ICME.
A Clinical Challenge Overcome by His Bundle Pacing.

Abstract We highlight a diagnostic challenge in a patient with dyspnea on exertion due to radiation therapy–induced severe first-degree atrioventricular block and how permanent His bundle pacing wa...
Distinct resting state functional connectivity abnormalities in hoarding disorder and major depressive disorder.

Abstract Emerging research suggests that hoarding disorder (HD) is associated with abnormal hemodynamic activity in frontal brain regions. Prior studies have not examined intrinsic network connectivity in HD during unstructured “resting state” fMRI. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether previously observed HD abnormalities might be better explained by the presence of other disorders frequently comorbid with HD, such as major depressive disorder (MDD). The current study compared resting state functional connectivity in HD-only patients (n = 17), MDD-only patients (n = 8), patients with co-occurring HD and MDD (n = 10), and healthy control participants (n = 18). Using independent component analysis, we found that HD-only patients exhibited lower functional connectivity in a “task positive” cognitive control network, compared to the other three groups. The HD group also had greater connectivity in regions of the “task negative” default mode network than did the other groups. Findings suggest that HD is associated with a unique neurobiological profile, and are discussed in terms of recent neurological and neuropsychological findings and models in HD and related disorders.
Design and use of redox-recyclable organometallic extractants for the cationic radionuclides 137Cs+ and 90Sr2+ from waste solutions

Two new redox-active organometallic extractants for the redox-recyclable extraction and recovery (R[sup 2]ER) of the cationic radionuclides [sup 137]Cs[sup +] and [sup 90]Sr[sup 2+] from aqueous waste simulants, Na[Fe([eta][sup 5]-C[sub 5]H[sub 5])([eta][sup 5]-(3)-1,2-C[sub 2]B[sub 9]H[sub 9](n-C[sub 12]H[sub 25])[sub 2])] (Na[sup +]I[sup [minus]]) and Na[Fe([eta][sup 5]-C[sub 5]H[sub 5])([eta][sup 5]-(3)-1,2-C[sub 2]O[sub 9]H[sub 7](n-C[sub 12]H[sub 25])[sub 2]-9,12-Br[sub 2])] (Na[sup +] II[sup [minus]]), were synthesized and investigated. When diluted with toluene or xylenes, they extracted Cs[sup +] from aqueous waste simulants such as (1) 1 mol L[sup [minus]1] NaOH + 1 mol L[sup [minus]1] NaNO[sub 3], (2) 1 mol L[sup [minus]1] HNO[sub 3], and/or (3) 1 mol L[sup [minus]1] NaCl, with D(Cs) values that ranged from 5 to 20; the corresponding D(Sr) values were [le] 0.04. The addition of poly(ethylene glycol) as a co-diluent increased D(Sr) values to as high as 33 but decreased D(Cs) values by a factor of 2--10, depending on conditions. When separated from the raffinate and exposed to air, the extractant-containing organic phase released > 88% of its radioactivity in the form of a solid precipitate of minimal volume. When a small amount of water was present during this procedure, the extractant-containing organic phase released [ge] 99% of its radioactivitymore » to the new aqueous phase. When an oxidized dilute extractant was rereduced and used for a second R[sup 2]ER cycle, the D(Cs) value was unchanged.« less
Graceful labeling of triangular extension of complete bipartite graph

For positive integers m , n , K m , n represents the complete bipartite graph. We name the graph G = K m , n ⊙ K 2 as triangular extension of complete bipartite graph K m , n , since there is a triangle hanging from every vertex of K m , n . In this paper we show that G is graceful when m = n = 2l , for any integer l .
Recommending personalized search terms for assisting exploratory website search

When visiting a website, the main task is to search for relevant information available on the site. The search is typically conducted using search terms. Choosing the right search terms is crucial to a successful search, but is often difficult, especially for exploratory searches. In this paper, we propose a recommender system called mySearchCLUE that recommends personalized search terms within a website search engine via collaborative filtering of similar visitors. The proposed recommender system helps website visitors explore and find better personalized search terms compared with no recommendations, and thus can be used to aid the personalized lookup and/or exploratory search process.
The Quantitative Growth of School Psychology Programs in the United States.

(1985). The Quantitative Growth of School Psychology Programs in the United States. School Psychology Review: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 121-124.
Is the Risk of Sea Level Rise Capitalized in Residential Real Estate

Using a comprehensive database of coastal home sales merged with data on elevation relative to local tides, we compare prices for houses based on their inundation threshold under projections of sea level rise. The analysis separates the sensitivity of housing to rising seas from other confounding characteristics by exploiting cross-sectional differences in relative sea level rise due to vertical land motion. This provides variation in the expected time to inundation for properties of similar elevation and distance from the coast. In a variety of specifications and test settings, we find precisely estimated null results suggesting limited price effects.
Transient mydriasis in toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis.

Abstract Purpose To report a case of transient anisocoria and mydriasis in a 14 year old boy with toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis. Observation The patient presented with panuveitis and mydriasis which persisted for 18 days and spontaneously resolved. Conclusions and importance Mydriasis is a rare potential neurological manifestation of toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis. Clinicians should be aware of this rare cause of anisocoria.
A clinically validated human capillary blood transcriptome test for global systems biology studies.

To prevent and treat chronic diseases, including cancer, a global application of systems biology is needed. We report here a whole blood transcriptome test that needs only 50 μl of capillary (finge...
Gaussian Process Regression for Aggregate Baseline Load Forecasting

Demand response (DR) is one of the most effective ways to maintain the reliability and improve the flexibility of power systems. Accurate forecasts of baseline loads are essential for DR programs. In the era of big data, machine learning-based approaches present a unique opportunity for baseline load forecasting. Thus, this paper presents a machine learning-based approach using a relatively less explored algorithm, Gaussian process regression (GPR), to forecast aggregate baseline loads. As such, a dataset was generated using a set of EnergyPlus simulations. Using the generated dataset, a GPR-based forecasting model was developed. In addition, support vector regression (SVR)-, artificial neural network (ANN)-, and averaging-based models were developed as baseline models for comparison. These models were compared in terms of accuracy, simplicity, and integrity. The prediction performance of the models showed that the GPR-based model is more accurate and reliable than the others. Such high performance shows the potential of the GPR in baseline load forecasting. GPR, therefore, can be used for DR applications.
The Prosecutor as Regulatory Agency

The simple account of America’s system of separated powers has legislators responsible for making laws, the executive branch (and prosecutors within it) charged with enforcing the laws, and judges with the power to adjudicate any disputes by declaring what the law commands. Two aspects of our modern government that have disrupted this paradigm - judicial and agency policymaking - have become scholarly obsessions. But there is another, equally strong challenge to the traditional separation-of-powers framework that has received far less attention: prosecutors who regulate. The constitutionally limited role of the prosecutor is to enforce the policies laid down in laws enacted by the legislature. Whether this was ever true, it is certainly not the case today that prosecutors are merely enforcing pre-established rules. Armed with expansive criminal codes and broadly worded statutes, plus the ability to threaten harsh and mandatory sentences, prosecutors have so much leverage in negotiations with defendants that they have, for all practical purposes, taken on the roles of adjudicator and legislator as well. But prosecutorial regulatory power has gone further than the incidental power to regulate that comes with enforcement discretion. In the area of corporate crime in particular, prosecutors have gone beyond law interpretation and the pursuit of punishment for what they believe to be past violations of existing criminal laws. In this context, prosecutorial goals are sometimes more grand, with prosecutors seeking to reform the way companies do business going forward. They have increasingly reached agreements with companies that allow the companies to avoid indictments so long as they meet the prosecutors’ regulatory terms. The agreements go by different names. In the federal system, they consist of non-prosecution agreements (NPAs) and deferred prosecution agreements (DPAs). In some states, they are known as settlement agreements. When the agreements require companies simply to obey the law or pay for prior bad acts, they are not particularly noteworthy from a separation of powers perspective because they are incidental to executive power. But in many of these agreements, prosecutors impose affirmative obligations on companies to change personnel, revamp their business practices, and adopt new models of corporate governance. These dictates are often sweeping and some prosecutors have imposed them on industries, not just isolated companies. These prosecutorial commands have been imposed without legislative guidance, much less relatively clear rules or intelligible principles. Judges and regulatory agencies have been closely scrutinized to determine whether they have the accountability, institutional competence, and procedural reliability to regulate. This Chapter considers prosecutor-imposed regulations using the same metrics.