cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interaction of nitrous oxide with ruthenium (100)

Abstract The reactions of nitrous oxide with ruthenium as observed on the Ru(1010) surface occur in two modes. Scission of the ON 2 bond with chemisorption of oxygen and release of molecular nitrogen to the gas phase is one, and breaking of both the ON and NN bonds in ONN with chemisorption of both O and N is the other. Energetic considerations lead to the conclusion that the latter mode is a concerted reaction. Site exclusion by preadsorption of oxygen or carbon monoxide inhibits the reaction, and where sufficient aounts of either of these two adsorbates are present, the activity of the surface can be reduced to zero. N 2 O can produce ruthenium oxide on the surface at sufficiently high temperatures, pressures, and contact times.
A minimax approach to the single-point method of drug dosing

The single-point dose prediction method is based on the observation that for drugs obeying single compartment elimination kinetics there is a nearly constant reciprocal relation between the plasma level at a fixed time following a single loading dose and the dose that is required to maintain the desired steady state plasma level of the drug. This paper describes an improved method for choosing a plasma sampling time and a proportionality constant. It applies to either drugs administered intravenously or to drugs whose rates of absorption from the site of administration are very rapid compared to their rates of elimination from the body. The sampling time and proportionality constant chosen are those that minimize the maximum relative deviation of the maintenance dose estimated by the single-point method from the dose that would be estimated if the individual's true elimination rate constant were known. The paper also supplies a method to determine the maximum error that may be introduced into the estimation of the maintenance dose by using the single-point method.
Kinematic and thermal structures of two surges of flow in the Northern Mozambique Channel Area

Two atmospheric surges near the northern Mozambique Channel were explored by NCAR's Electra aircraft on 17 June 1977 and 3 July 1977 during MONSOON–77 field experiment. The surges were probed from Nairobi eastwards to the coast and then south from 1°S to 8°S along 41°E. Offshore the former day was characterized by deep south-south-easterlies and south-easterlies, squalls, and rain and the latter day by shallow south-south-easterlies overlain by south-westerlies and fair weather cumulus. Vertical structures of u, v, T and q for both days are discussed. Early on the disturbed day southerlies reached their maximum over land at 880 mb on a cross-section approximately along 2°S. By noon diurnal heating reduced the overland winds, resulting in an apparent ocean-ward shift of the jet axis. On the undisturbed day the southerly maximum was over the ocean near the coast. On both days two southerly maxima were found on longitudinal coross-sections along 41°E: an elevated and stronger maximum near the equator; a depressed and weaker one near 8°S. On the disturbed day the equatorial maximum was located in the south-south-easterlies and on the undisturbed day was sandwiched between south-south-easterlies in the low levels and south-south-westerlies at 770 mb. The southern maximum was from south-south-east on both days. During these two periods meridional mass fluxes from two stations, Port Elizabeth and Dar-es-Salaam, were computed. They showed that the latter station lags the former by as much as four days; however, its meridional mass flux is double the former.
GUVI: a hyperspectral imager for geospace

The Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) is an imaging spectrometer on the NASA TIMED spacecraft which was launched on December 7, 2001. This instrument produces a far ultraviolet (FUV) data cube of spatial and spectral information at each step of a scan mirror - that scan mirror covers 140 deg in the cross track direction - a span that includes on limb. GUVI produces simultaneous monochromatic images at five "colors" (121.6 nm, 130.4 nm, 135.6 nm, and in broader bands at 140-150 nm and 165-180 nm) as its field of view is scanned from horizon to horizon. The instrument consists of a scan mirror feeding a parabolic telescope and Rowland circle spectrometer, with a wedge-and-strip detector at the focal plane. We describe the design, and give an overview of the environmental parameters that will be measured. GUVI is a modified version of the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI), which was launched on the DMSP Block 5D3 F16 satellite on October 18, 2003 and is slated to fly on DMSP satellites F17 through F20, as well. We present some results the science analysis of the GUVI data to demonstrate its relevance to the space weather community.
A PHOTOACOUSTIC STUDY OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OCCURRING IN PLANT TISSUE CULTURES ACCOMPANYING DIFFERENTIATION

—Melampodium leucanthum (Torr. and Gray) leaves were disinfested and explanted upon a callus inducing medium. Changes accompanying the process of differentiating into callus were monitored photoacoustically and included decreases in cuticular depth and pigmentation in the mesophyll layer.
Regularization of the inverse problem in electrocardiography: A model study

Abstract An analytic, eccentric-spheres model was used to test the efficacy of different regularization techniques based on the Tikhonov family of regularizers. The model, although simple, retains the relative size and position of the heart within the body and may incorporate all the inhomogeneities of the human torso. The boundary-element method was used to construct a transfer matrix relating the body surface potentials to the epicardial potentials, for the homogeneous form of the model. Different regularization techniques were compared in the presence of surface potential noise and in the presence of errors in estimating the conductivities, the heart size and the heart position. Results indicate that the relative error in the inverse-recovered epicardial potential with regularization does not rise proportionally to the noise level. The relative error (RE) with a 5% Gaussian noise level is 0.17; with 20% it is 0.29. Additionally, the regularized inverse procedure is shown to restore smoothness and accuracy to the inverse-recovered epicardial potentials in the presence of errors in estimating the heart position and heart size, which, using an unregularized inversion, would lead to large-amplitude oscillations in the solution.
Content-based retrieval in peer-to-peer networks using cooperative caching

Devising a uniform paradigm for the representation of multimedia data contents in distributed systems in the presence of heterogeneity, distribution, and semantic gap is a difficult task. When adding technological limitations to this mix, the problem becomes more complex. In this paper, we present a logic-based model for representing the semantics of complex multimedia data objects. The model employs first-order logic to describe the semantic contents of multimedia data, such as visual objects and color/texture features. The aim of this model is to provide general multimedia content representation that can be used in object-oriented information systems. The novelty of this framework comes from (1) its mathematical capability to represent semantic contents, (2) the hierarchical organization and classification of multimedia data objects according to their semantic contents, and (3) the ease of nearest-neighbor searching through synonym links. Finally, the simulation results are presented and analyzed based on various performance metrics.
Hydrogenation of methyl sorbate and soybean esters with polymer-bound metal catalysts

New polymer-bound hydrogenation catalysts were made by complexing PdCl2, RhCl3·3H2O, or NiCl2 with anthranilic acid anchored to chloromethylated polystyrene. The Pd(II) and Ni(II) polymers were reduced to the corresponding Pd(O) and Ni(O) catalysts with NaBH4. In the hydrogenation of methyl sorbate, these polymer catalysts were highly selective for the formation of methyl 2-hexenoate. The diene to monoene selectivity decreased in the order: Pd(II), Pd(O), Rh(I), Ni(II), Ni(O). Kinetic studies support 1,2-reduction of the Δ4 double bond of sorbate as the main path of hydrogenation. In the hydrogenation of soybean esters, the Pd(II) polymer catalysts proved superior because they were more active than the Ni(II) polymers and produced lesstrans unsaturation than the Rh(I) polymers. Hydrogenation with Pd(II) polymers at 50~100 C and 50 to 100 psi H2 decreased the linolenate content below 3% and increasedtrans unsaturation to 10~26%. The linolenate to linoleate selectivity ranged from 1.6 to 3.2. Reaction parameters were analyzed statistically to optimize hydrogenation. Recycling through 2 or 3 hydrogenations of soybean esters was demonstrated with the Pd(II) polymers. In comparison with commercial Pd-on-alumina, the Pd(II) polymers were less active and as selective in the hydrogenation of soybean esters but more selective in the hydrogenation of methyl sorbate.
Timing Control Accuracy in Normal Speakers and Stutterers

This study attempted to assess the abilities of 10 normal speakers, five stutterers in therapy, and five stutterers no longer in therapy, to control the time program of repeated utterances. The spe...
A head-mounted manipulator for chronic single unit recording from the squirrel monkey☆

Abstract A technique is described which permits chronic recording of single unit potentials from squirrel monkeys during conditioning. A screw-driven electrode carrier capable of guiding a microelectrode along any of 8 vertical planes allows penetration of structures located 25 mm below the base of the manipulator.
Nitrification and Denitrification Gene Abundances in Swine Wastewater Anaerobic Lagoons

Although anaerobic lagoons are used globally for livestock waste treatment, their detailed microbial cycling ofN is only beginning to become understood. Within this cycling, nitrification can be performed by organisms that produce the enzyme ammonia monooxygenase. For denitrification, the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide can be catalyzed by two forms of nitrite reductases, and N,O can be reduced by nitrous oxide reductase encoded by the gene nosZ The objectives of this investigation were to (i) quantify the abundance of the amoA, nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes; (ii) evaluate the influence of environmental conditions on their abundances; and (iii) evaluate their abundance relative to denitrification enzyme activity (DEA). Samples were analyzed via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and collected from eight typical, commercial anaerobic, swine wastewater lagoons located in the Carolinas. The four genes assayed in this study were present in all eight lagoons. Their abundances relative to total bacterial populations were 0.04% (amoA), 1.33% (nirS), 5.29% (nirK), and 0.27% (nosZ). When compared with lagoon chemical characteristics, amoA and nirK correlated with several measured variables. Neither nirS nor nosZ correlated with any measured environmental variables. Although no gene measured in this study correlated with actual or potential DEA, nosZ copy numbers did correlate with the disparity between actual and potential DEA. Phylogenetic analysis ofnosZdid not reveal any correlations to DEA rates. As with other investigations, analyses of these genes provide useful insight while revealing the underlying greater complexity of N cycling within swine waste lagoons.
Commentary on Malone: Who Founded Behaviorism?

Malone (The Behavior Analyst, 37, 1–12 2014) argued that the emergence of behaviorism was inevitable with or without Watson’s participation, mainly because protobehavioral ideas and dissatisfaction with classical structuralism were already widespread. However, the first premise is questionable because many of the ideas Malone cited were consistent with structuralism rather than behaviorism, and even if both premises were true they would not make the emergence of behaviorism—or anything else—inevitable. Historical evidence for inevitability is always retrospective and therefore always allows the logical fallacy of “after this, therefore because of this.” In the relevant real world Watson existed, he was a psychologist, he was the first to publish an article that described a “behaviorism,” and he promoted his behaviorism in later works. Stories about what would have happened without Watson’s participation are therefore counterfactual and this lack of historicity makes the stories fictional rather than scientific. In the real world, Watson founded behaviorism.
Plant-based oral tolerance to hemophilia therapy employs a complex immune regulatory response including LAP+CD4+ T cells

Coagulation factor replacement therapy for the X-linked bleeding disorder hemophilia is severely complicated by antibody ("inhibitor") formation. We previously found that oral delivery to hemophilic mice of cholera toxin B subunit-coagulation factor fusion proteins expressed in chloroplasts of transgenic plants suppressed inhibitor formation directed against factors VIII and IX and anaphylaxis against factor IX (FIX). This observation and the relatively high concentration of antigen in the chloroplasts prompted us to evaluate the underlying tolerance mechanisms. The combination of oral delivery of bioencapsulated FIX and intravenous replacement therapy induced a complex, interleukin-10 (IL-10)-dependent, antigen-specific systemic immune suppression of pathogenic antibody formation (immunoglobulin [Ig] 1/inhibitors, IgE) in hemophilia B mice. Tolerance induction was also successful in preimmune mice but required prolonged oral delivery once replacement therapy was resumed. Orally delivered antigen, initially targeted to epithelial cells, was taken up by dendritic cells throughout the small intestine and additionally by F4/80(+) cells in the duodenum. Consistent with the immunomodulatory responses, frequencies of tolerogenic CD103(+) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells were increased. Ultimately, latency-associated peptide expressing CD4(+) regulatory T cells (CD4(+)CD25(-)LAP(+) cells with upregulated IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression) as well as conventional CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells systemically suppressed anti-FIX responses.
The contribution of tissue removal to lumen improvement after directional coronary atherectomy

The contribution of tissue removal to lumen improvement after directional coronary atherectomy remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to validate the intravascular ultrasound measurement of plaque volume and use it to study the contribution of tissue removal to lumen improvement after directional coronary atherectomy. With use of intravascular ultrasound, 12 human coronary vessels were imaged in vitro. With use of computer-assisted planimetry, the external elastic membrane and lumen cross-sectional areas were manually traced and the plaque + media area was calculated at 1 mm axial intervals. Then, plaque + media volume was calculated by Simpson's rule. After imaging, ultrasound measurements of plaque + media volume were compared with histologic measurements. Similarly, volumetric intravascular ultrasound imaging was performed before and after directional atherectomy in 47 patients. In vitro, the mean plaque + media volume measured by intravascular ultrasound was 134.0 ± 94.8 mm3 and compared well with that derived by histology (187.4 ± 128.8 mm3, r = 0.96, p < 0.001). In vivo, the lumen volume increased from 27.2 ± 12.3 to 58.7 ± 30.3 mm3, and the mean plaque + media volume decreased from 122.0 ± 74.0 to 97.5 ± 63.5 mm3. The mean intravascular ultrasound atherectomy index was 76 ± 23%. In 11 of the 47 patients (23.4%), tissue removal alone accounted for lumen improvement. Volumetric intravascular ultrasound image analysis indicates that the mechanism of directional coronary atherectomy primarily is tissue removal. As a result, the contribution of arterial remodeling (expansion and dissection) probably is less important.
CFD analysis of the effect of elbow radius on pressure drop in multiphase flow

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed in four different 90 degree elbows with air-water two-phase flows. The inside diameters of the elbows were 6.35mm and 12.7mm with radius to diameter ratios (r/D) of 1.5 to 3. The pressure drops at two different upstream and downstream locations were investigated using empirical, experimental, and computational methods. The combination of three different air velocities, ranging from 15.24 to 45.72 m/sec, and nine different water velocities, in the range of 0.1-10.0m/s, was used in this study. CFD analysis was performed using the mixture model and a commercial code, FLUENT. The comparison of CFD predictions with experimental data and empirical model outputs showed good agreement.
An Efficient Public-Key-Based Heterogeneous Sensor Network Key Distribution Scheme

Most existing research regarding sensor network security considers homogenous sensor networks. To achieve better security and performance, we adopt a heterogeneous sensor network (HSN) model that consists of physically different types of sensor nodes. In this paper, we present an efficient key distribution scheme for HSNs, which takes advantage of powerful high-end sensor nodes. The scheme establishes a secure communication topology in the network in an efficient and secure manner. We show that the scheme has smaller memory requirements than a popular key distribution scheme and it is more resilient against the node compromise attack.
Consistent trophic patterns among fishes in lagoon and channel habitats of a tropical floodplain river: Evidence from stable isotopes

The relationship between food web dynamics and hydrological connectivity in rivers should be strongly influenced by annual flood pulses that affect primary production dynamics and movement of organic matter and consumer taxa. We sampled basal production sources and fishes from connected lagoons and the main channel of a low-gradient, floodplain river within the Orinoco River Basin in Venezuela. Stable isotope analysis was used to model the contribution of four basal production sources to fishes, and to examine patterns of mean trophic position during the falling-water period of the annual flood cycle. IsoSource, a multi-source mixing model, indicated that proportional contributions from production sources to fish assemblages were similar in lagoons and the main channel. Although distributions differed, the means for trophic positions of fish assemblages as well as individual species were similar between the two habitats. These findings contradict recent food web studies conducted in temperate floodplain rivers that described significant differences in trophic positions of fishes from slackwater and floodplain versus main channel habitats. Low between-habitat trophic variation in this tropical river probably results from an extended annual flood pulse (ca. 5 mo.) that allows mixing of sestonic and allochthonous basal production sources and extensive lateral movements of fishes throughout the riverscape.
Perceptual asymmetry for chimeric faces across the life span.

Perceptual asymmetries for processing chimeric faces were investigated in dextral subjects, ranging in age from 5 years to elderly adults. The task involved deciding which member of a pair of face chimeras presented in free vision looks happier, the one with the smile to the left or its mirror image with the smile to the right (Levy, Heller, Banich, & Burton, 1983a, Brain and Cognition, 2, 404–419). A leftward bias was found for all age groups. However, kindergarteners' mean asymmetry score was lower than that of all other groups combined, most likely due to noise in their data. The direction in which subjects drew circles with their left and right hands was also observed as an index of interhemispheric communication. All groups showed a bias toward drawing the circles in concordant directions except the kindergarteners. The relation between subjects' performance on the circle drawing and facebook tasks is discussed.
Reflections on international marketing: destructive regeneration and multinational firms

Constant in the evolution of the business enterprise has been its relentless search for competitive advantage. What has been phenomenally different about this quest is that it is, increasingly, a global landscape that defines the firm’s opportunities and challenges. The global marketplace has always been dynamic and complex in terms of the changes it brings, but the last two decades have been exceptionally transformational. In terms of opportunities, firms pursuing international customers have never before faced such open markets, rise in discretionary income, and modern tools for accessing global markets. In terms of challenges, intense competition, complexity of managing multiple markets and coordinating marketing strategy, a host of risk elements, and the sheer difficulty of managing geographic, cultural, and political barriers are among the factors which impede the firm’s success in global markets. Often, these changes come in the form of radical, transformative disruptions. This essay draws attention to major disruptions impacting international marketers and provides insights for appropriate firm response.
RHIC commissioning and first results

The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory is the U.S. Department of Energy's flagship research facility for the nuclear physics program. The construction of the collider and a complementary set of detectors were completed as scheduled during 1999. Following the initial verification of functionalities of the collider in the same year, collisions of Au ions were achieved during the subsequent commissioning run in the year 2000, first at the collision energy of 56 GeV per nucleon on June 12 and later at 132 GeV per nucleon. All four detectors, BRAHMS, PHENIX, PHOBOS, and STAR, were also commissioned and collected significant amounts of data during the four-week run period. This report gives an overview of the RHIC facility, its commissioning activities, and the first physics results at the new frontier of nuclear matter research that is opened by RHIC.
Thermally-activated constitutive model including dislocation interactions, aging and recovery for strain path dependence of solid solution strengthened alloys: Application to AA5754-O.

A thermally-activated constitutive model is developed based on dislocation interactions, crystallographic orientations and microstructural evolution to describe the elasto-plastic stress–strain behavior during multi-axial loading. The aim is to contribute to the quantification of complex strain path response in solid solution strengthened alloys. In detail, dislocation/dislocation interactions are incorporated in the model to quantify latent and kinematic hardening phenomena during loading path changes. Dislocation density-based constitutive relations are included to account for dislocation features such as dislocation forests, walls and channels. Moreover, dislocation/solute atom interactions are also considered in order to account for both dynamic and static strain aging as well as static recovery. The model is validated against multiple multi-axial data sets for AA5754-O with changes of loading path and various degrees of pre-strain and time intervals between tests.
A self-organizing network for computing a posteriori conditional class probability

A neural network architecture whose goal is the computation of a posteriori conditional class probabilities for input vectors that belong to one of two input classes is described. The network architecture has been designed to adaptively produce Voronoi tessellation partitions of the input vectors in R/sup n/ based on the Euclidean distance metric, without regard to the actual a priori class probabilities of the input vectors. These prior probabilities are then used by the network to adaptively compute the a posteriori conditional class probability for the two classes for each tessellation partition. The network presented is thus a connectionist model for vector quantization clustering and includes the process of automatic node creation necessary for many unsupervised learning applications. >
Statistical and Corner Modeling of Interconnect Resistance and Capacitance

We describe an innovative and comprehensive interconnect spice model for IBM 65 nm technology. The model links the variability in the model to the variations in BEOL litho, deposition, etch, and polish process steps, which is an industry first. It provides correct Monte Carlo simulation results, offers correct corner modeling capability, and can also generates a set of optimal interconnect corner models instantly without running Monte Carlo simulations, which is another industry first.
Avalanche electron emitter arrays using Si ultra-shallow p-n junctions

Summary form only given. A silicon avalanche electron emitter array was fabricated using ultrashallow p-n junctions biased in the avalanche region. The devices were fabricated on a p/sup -/ epilayer grown on p/sup +/ substrates. The most promising applications include flat panel displays with high current density and brightness; an electron source for scientific instrumentation; and an electron source in microwave applications, which requires a long and thin rectilinear electron beam. >
Revised Distribution of the Alaska Marmot, Marmota Broweri, and Confirmation of Parapatry with Hoary Marmots

The distribution and taxonomic status of the Alaska marmot (Marmota broweri) have been the subject of much debate and confusion since the taxon was 1st described as a subspecies of the hoary marmot (M. caligata). As a result of its early association with M. caligata and a lack of focused effort to determine its range, our current understanding of the distribution of M. broweri is vague at best and completely erroneous at worst. Through a review of all museum specimens and published accounts of this species, field surveys, and the identification of previously unidentified marmot specimens, we have determined that the current distribution of the Alaska marmot includes not only the Brooks Range, but also the Ray Mountains and Kokrines Hills of northern interior Alaska. We report the 1st confirmed records of this species outside of the Brooks Range and a commensurate range extension of 400 km southward. The Yukon River appears to form the current boundary between the parapatric distributions of M. broweri and M. caligata in Alaska, but additional fieldwork will be necessary to confirm that the 2 species are not allopatric.
Nuclear magnetic resonance study of semiconducting vanadium phosphate glass

Abstract Vanadium phosphate glasses containing 60–80 mole per cent V 2 O 5 have been investigated by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). There exist both electric quadrupole and magnetic shift interactions which perturb the 51 V NMR. The quadrupole coupling constant has been extracted from an analysis of the 51 V NMR line shapes, and the results have been employed to determine the concentration of V 4+ and V 5+ ions as a function of glass composition. Also the isotropic and anisotropic Knight shifts have been determined from an analysis of the 51 V NMR and indicate that core polarization is taking place in the V 4+ ions. The empirical equations determined for the V 4+ and V 5+ concentrations, n 4 and n 5 are employed in an attempt to fit the resistivity data on vanadium phosphate glasses at room temperature in the glass-composition region investigated.
Relationships Between Dimensions of Impulsivity and Prospective Memory

Prospective memory refers to the ability to plan and execute future intentions. A burgeoning body of research indicates that a significant proportion of the variability in prospective memory performance can be accounted for by personality traits, with two recent studies revealing that the various dimensions of impulsivity measured by the Barratt Impulsivity Scale-11 (BIS-11) are related to prospective memory failures. The present study was conducted to examine which dimensions of impulsivity indexed by the BIS-11 and UPPS-P relate to prospective memory failures and which dimensions of impulsivity contribute unique variance in the prediction of prospective memory failures. A large sample (N = 662) of students completed the BIS-11, UPPS-P, Prospective Memory Questionnaire and a habitual prospective memory test. Consistent correlations between six of the seven measures of impulsivity and prospective memory failures were found. Regression analyses further revealed that lack of perseverance, emotional urgency and attentional impulsivity were reliable and unique predictors of prospective memory failures. Thus, difficulty remaining focused on tasks (especially long, boring or difficult tasks); lack of forethought, planning and distaste for challenging tasks; and tendencies to behave impulsively under conditions of strong affect relate most strongly to prospective memory failures. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
Nanostructures for Biomolecule Detection and Analysis

Nanofabricated fluidic, optical and mechanical devices can be made by compatible technologies that permit integration into systems for molecular analysis. These systems should provide new tools for sensitive detection and analysis of biomolecules. Our research group has been exploring optical methods for detecting, quantifying and analyzing selected bimolecular species. Optical approaches allow coupling to a range of well-established fluorescent labeling chemistries that provide powerful tools for molecular recognition and observation of molecules of interest in a mixture. This talk will review recent work of my group in the area of biomolecular analysis with nanostructures. Fluidic systems with dimensions approaching molecular scale can be made by a range of modern nanofabrication
The geographical variation in neonatal and post-neonatal mortality in South Africa, 1978-1982.

Early neonatal, neonatal and post-neonatal mortality rates were systematically calculated according to the statistical regions of South Afric.a for the white and coloured populalions over a S-year period. The geographical variation is wide and the statistical significance in these mortality rates for coloured infants in rural areas of the Cape and the Orange Free State are particularly high and call for urgent attention.
Should spikes on post-resection ECoG guide pediatric epilepsy surgery?

Abstract Purpose There is wide variation in clinical practice regarding the role of electrocorticography immediately after resection (post-resection ECoG) for pediatric epilepsy surgery. Results can guide further resection of potentially epileptogenic tissue. We hypothesized that post-resection ECoG spiking represents a biomarker of the epileptogenic zone and predicts seizure outcome in children undergoing epilepsy surgery. Methods We retrospectively identified 124 children with post-resection ECoG performed on the margins of resection. ECoG records were scored in a blinded fashion based on presence of frequent spiking. For patients identified as having additional resection based on clinical post-resection ECoG interpretation, these "second-look" ECoG results were re-reviewed for ongoing discharges or completeness of resection. Frequent spike populations were grouped using a standard scoring system into three ranges: 0.1–0.5Hz, 0.5–1Hz, >1Hz. Seizure outcomes were determined at minimum 12-month followup. Results Of 124 patients who met inclusion criteria, 60 (48%) had an identified spike population on post-resection ECoG. Thirty (50%) of these had further resection based on clinical interpretation. Overall, good outcome (ILAE 1) was seen in 56/124 (45%). Completeness of resection of spiking (absence of spiking on initial post-resection ECoG or resolution of spiking after further resection) showed a trend toward good outcome (OR 2.03, p =0.099). Patients with completeness of resection had good outcome in 41/80 (51%) of cases; patients with continued spikes had good outcome in 15/44 (35%) of cases. Conclusions Post-resection ECoG identifies residual epileptogenic tissue in a significant number of children. Lower frequency or absence of discharges on initial recording showed a trend toward good outcome. Completeness of resection demonstrated on final ECoG recording did not show a significant difference in outcome. This suggests that post-resection discharges represent a prognostic marker rather than a remediable biomarker of the epileptogenic zone in all patients. Resecting residual spike-generating cortex may be beneficial in selected patients, including children with tumors.
Environment, Development, and Ecologically Unequal Exchange

I begin this paper with summaries of environment and development perspectives foundational to contemporary environmental sociology: ecological modernization theory and treadmill of production theory. Descriptions of the perspectives are provided as well as an overview of recent quantitative cross-national analyses that evaluate the propositions of both theories. Next, I provide a summary of ecologically unequal exchange theory. I argue that ecologically unequal exchange theory helps to address key limitations of both the treadmill of production and ecological modernization approaches, most notably their lack of attention paid to how structural and unequal relationships between nations influence environment and development associations. Next, I summarize bodies of empirical work within sociology that employ quantitative measurements and statistical modelling techniques to test the propositions of ecologically unequal exchange theory. I conclude by emphasizing the need for greater integration between ecologically unequal exchange theory, the two environment and development perspectives, and other political economy traditions. I also briefly discuss fruitful avenues for future research.
Variability of the internal tide on the southern Monterey Bay continental shelf and associated bottom boundary layer sediment transport

Abstract A 6-month deployment of instrumentation from April to October 2012 in 90 m water depth near the outer edge of the mid-shelf mud belt in southern Monterey Bay, California, reveals the importance regional upwelling on water column density structure, potentially accounting for the majority of the variability in internal tidal energy flux across the shelf. Observations consisted of time-series measurements of water-column currents, temperature and salinity, and near-bed currents and suspended matter. The internal tide accounted for 15–25% of the water-column current variance and the barotropic tide accounted for up to 35%. The subtidal flow showed remarkably little shear and was dominated by the 7–14 day band, which is associated with relaxations in the dominant equatorward winds typical of coastal California in the spring and summer. Upwelling and relaxation events resulted in strong near-bed flows and accounted for almost half of the current stress on the seafloor (not accounting for wave orbital velocities), and may have driven along-shelf geostrophic flow during steady state conditions. Several elevated suspended particulate matter (SPM) events occurred within 3 m of the bed and were generally associated with higher, long-period surface waves. However, these peaks in SPM did not coincide with the predicted resuspension events from the modeled combined wave–current shear stress, indicating that the observed SPM at our site was most likely resuspended elsewhere and advected along-isobath. Sediment flux was almost equal in magnitude in the alongshore and cross-shore directions. Instances of wave–current shear stress that exceeded the threshold of resuspension for the silty-clays common at these water depths only occurred when near-bed orbital velocities due to long-period surface waves coincided with vigorous near-bed currents associated with the internal tide or upwelling/relaxation events. Thus upwelling/relaxation dynamics are primarily responsible for variability in the internal tide, as well as transport of near-bottom sediment in the mid-self mud belt during the relatively quiescent summer months.
Evaluation of quality indicators (QIs) for colorectal cancer care in a community setting

6585 Background: We compared two existing sets of QIs for colorectal cancer care to evaluate our performance as compared to published data. We also explored reasons for non-adherence to these QIs t...
Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of VEGF-Responsive Endothelial Protein S-Nitrosylation Using Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC) and LC-MS/MS

Adduction of a nitric oxide moiety (NO•) to cysteine(s), termed S-nitrosylation (SNO), is a novel mechanism for NO to regulate protein function directly. However, the endothelial SNO-protein network that is affected by endogenous and exogenous NO is obscure. This study was designed to develop a quantitative proteomics approach using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture for comparing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA)- and NO donor-responsive endothelial nitroso-proteomes. Primary placental endothelial cells were labeled with "light" (L-(12)C6 (14)N4-Arg and L-(12)C6 (14)N2-Lys) or "heavy" (L-(13)C6 (15)N4-Arg and L-(13)C6 (15)N2-Lys) amino acids. The light cells were treated with an NO donor nitrosoglutathione (GSNO, 1 mM) or VEGFA (10 ng/ml) for 30 min, while the heavy cells received vehicle as control. Equal amounts of cellular proteins from the light (GSNO or VEGFA treated) and heavy cells were mixed for labeling SNO-proteins by the biotin switch technique and then trypsin digested. Biotinylated SNO-peptides were purified for identifying SNO-proteins by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Ratios of light to heavy SNO-peptides were calculated for determining the changes of the VEGFA- and GSNO-responsive endothelial nitroso-proteomes. A total of 387 light/heavy pairs of SNO-peptides were identified, corresponding to 213 SNO-proteins that include 125 common and 27 VEGFA- and 61 GSNO-responsive SNO-proteins. The specific SNO-cysteine(s) in each SNO-protein were simultaneously identified. Pathway analysis revealed that SNO-proteins are involved in various endothelial functions, including proliferation, motility, metabolism, and protein synthesis. We collectively conclude that endogenous NO on VEGFA stimulation and exogenous NO from GSNO affect common and different SNO-protein networks, implicating SNO as a critical mechanism for VEGFA stimulation of angiogenesis.
Progress of Precious Metals Recovery from Electronic Waste by Biosorption

Recycling of electronic waste is an urgent demanding not only from the point of resource recycling and environment protection,but also from the huge economic benefits by recovering precious metals from the electronic waste.Biosorption has emerged many advantages,such as a wide variety of raw materials,low-cost,low energy consumption,a high-efficiency and environmentally friend,it become a potential recovery method for precious metals from secondary sources,especially electronic waste.This article describes the type of absorbents and the influencing factors of biosorption.The mainly factors involve in the pH,temperature and compete ions.The progress of research in recovery of precious metals from electronic waste by biosorption is highlighted in the paper.
Role of emerging technology in the era of cost containment

In this era of cost containment, new technologies will play the same role that they did before, improvement in the quality of care. Application of these new technologies in medical practice, however, will be scrutinized much more closely. The previous requirement of proving that a new technology is efficacious and safe will no longer be adequate. Physicians will be required to provide data that reflect the costs and overall effectiveness of the new technology. This article briefly discusses some key concepts of cost-effectiveness analysis.
The Science of Stretching: Mechanical Anisotropy in Titin Ig Domains

I91 and I10 are archetypical Ig domains found in the giant muscle protein titin. Recent advances in magnetic tweezers force spectroscopy combined with HaloTag anchoring chemistry allow us to study I10 and I91 proteins at physiological forces (<10 pN) in recordings lasting several hours. An unperturbed I91 protein abruptly stretched to 6 pN will show stepwise domain unfolding from the native state (10 ± 2 nm) only after several hours. By contrast, quenching the pulling force down to 6 pN on a previously unfolded I91 protein leads to rapid stepwise transitions (10 ± 4 nm) between the collapsed and molten globule states. These transitions end when the molten globule matures into the native state, which occurs without any apparent change in length. Furthermore, although the collapsed to molten globule transition does mechanical work (60 zJ in this case), the molten globule to native transition does not. The I91 protein is known to be mechanically very stable; by contrast, the I10 domain of titin is much weaker. Similar refolding studies with the I10 titin module show far less mechanical anisotropy than I91. Stepwise unfolding at 6 pN occurs on the scale of minutes leading to rapid stepwise transitions between collapsed and molten globule states. From this perspective, unfolding of titin Ig domains at physiological forces is spread out over time scales from seconds to hours. However, once recruited to the unfolded state, Ig domains show very similar collapse to molten globule kinetics. We propose that mechanical stretching of muscle tissues, during actions such as yoga, slowly recruits folded Ig domains to the unfolded state. Once in the unfolded state, the collapse to molten globule transitions can serve as an efficient storage mechanism for elastic energy, of great importance for animal motion.
Animals and Music: Between cultural definitions and sensory evidence

It was once thought that solely humans were capable of complex cognition but research has produced substantial evidence to the contrary. Art and music, however, are largely seen as unique to humans and the evidence seems to be overwhelming, or is it? Art indicates the creation of something novel, not naturally occurring in the environment. To prove its presence or absence in animals is difficult. Moreover, connections between music and language at a neuroscientific as well as a behavioural level are not fully explored to date. Even more problematic is the notion of an aesthetic sense. Music, so it is said, can be mimetic, whereas birdsong is not commonly thought of as being mimetic but as either imitation or mimicry and, in the latter case, as a ‘mindless’ act (parrots parroting). This paper will present a number of examples in which animals show signs of responsiveness to music and even engage in musical activity and this will be discussed from an ethological perspective. A growing body of research now reports that auditory memory and auditory mechanisms in animals are not as simplistic as once thought and evidence suggests, in some cases, the presence of musical abilities in animals.
Changing definitions of long-term follow-up: Should “long term” be even longer?

Abstract There have been amazing changes in outcomes of preterm (PT) infants in the past decades. Whereas early studies reported only survival rates, Dr. Julius Hess published the first outcome study of PT infants in Chicago in 1953. Dr. Lubchenco then published the 10-year follow-up of premature infants born in 1947–1953 and identified a 68% handicap rate. As a result of these early studies, the importance of evaluating NICU graduates both for surveillance and as an outcome of trials was recognized. During the 1970s, there was a gradual expansion in the number of follow-up programs in the United States (US) with an increasing number of follow-up studies published. In the 1980s, the importance of multicenter clinical research networks was recognized and the NICHD Neonatal Research Network (NRN) was initiated in 1986. Follow-up protocols, definitions, and outcomes have evolved over the last 30 years and will be reviewed with a focus on NICHD NRN studies.
The Oxford Handbook of Asian American History. Edited by David Yoo and Eiichiro Azuma.

The Oxford Handbook of Asian American History . Edited by David Yoo and Eiichiro Azuma. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016. xvi + 524 pp. Notes, bibliographies, index. $150; ebook.) Yoo and Azuma have gathered an A-Team of contributors including Asian American history’s pathbreakers, mid-career luminaries, and new voices. Weighing in at a twenty-seven essays, the volume sprawls over topics under the headings like “Migration Flows,” and “Time Passages.” It is perhaps too advanced as a one-stop source for novices seeking an introduction to Asian American history, but it will be useful to scholars in the field, historians in cognate fields, and Asian Americanists of all disciplines. I predict I will return to it often. An introductory essay maps the origins and major directions of the field. Mindful of the political context from which academic Asian American studies emerged (though research about Asians in America predated this time), the editors cite the … Shelley.Lee{at}oberlin.edu
Dietary Fats Remodel Plasma Membrane Lipidome and Physical Properties to Regulate Phase Separation in Biological Membranes

The spatial organization of biological membranes is crucial for their extensive functionality. One example of such organization is the partitioning of mammalian plasma membranes (PMs) into lipid-driven ordered domains termed membrane rafts. While the physicochemical interactions responsible for raft formation are clearly established, the specific properties and biological consequences of these domains remain unclear. In particular, little is known about how the properties of raft domains are regulated, either by endogenous mechanisms or exogenous perturbations. In this context, an intriguing question concerns the effect of dietary fats on the lipid composition, biophysical properties, and ultimate function of membrane domains. Here, we investigate the consequences of the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosohexaenoic acid (DHA) on the biochemical and biophysical properties of the mammalian PM. By detailed lipidomic analysis, we observe that DHA is robustly incorporated into specific PM lipids leading to wholesale remodeling of the lipidome, with saturated lipids and cholesterol up-regulated as a homeoviscous compensatory response to the disordering effect of polyunsaturated lipids. The combined effect of DHA incorporation and compensatory response result in biophysical remodeling of the PM, which we address in membrane model systems ranging from coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to intact PMs isolated from live cells. In all systems, DHA-containing lipids promote liquid-liquid phase separation by disordering non-raft domains and thereby increasing the differences between coexisting raft and non-raft phases. This relationship between interdomain disparity and stability of phase separation holds for a variety of perturbations, including manipulation of cholesterol levels and treatment by exogenous amphiphiles, suggesting it as a general design feature of the organization of biological membranes.
Rational Structure of X(N) over Q and Explicit Galois Action on CM Points

This paper reviews a less known rational structure on the Siegel modular variety X(N) = Γ(N)ℍg over ℚ for integers g, N ≥ 1. The author then describes explicitly how Galois groups act on CM points on this variety. Finally, another proof of the Shimura reciprocity law by using the result and the q-expansion principle is given.