cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Talking, walking, riding and driving: The mobilities of older adults

Abstract Through interviews with residents of an urban retirement community and users of a senior centre in an inner city neighbourhood this research uses the new mobilities paradigm to examine the relationships that exist between movement, non-movement, communicative travel and place-bound and place-creating social relations for older individuals. Our results show that these relationships can be conceptualized as forming non-linear multi-directional, locally-contingent mobility ‘systems’. Two such systems were identified: the first centred on the communal area within the retirement community and the second focused on the senior centre. The types of non-movement, movement and communicative travel that form each of these mobility chains, the number and variety of spaces connected and consequently the form and nature of the social relations created exhibit both similarities and differences. The mobility systems created by residents of the retirement community connect and flow through more spaces, involve a greater variety of movement and non-movement and are more varied than the senior centre users’ mobility chains. For both populations the place-bound and place-creating social relations that result from and generate movement, non-movement and communicative travel occur as individuals carry out daily errands and routines. For the users of the senior centre, interaction/participation by definition is the result of routine and repeated planned presence at the senior centre. Once at the centre, contact and participation predominately result from engaging in pre-arranged organised activities. For retirement community residents interaction occurs as a result of within-community movement, extensive travel outside the community and periods spent at home alone.
Biliary excretion of technetium‐99m‐sestamibi in wild‐type dogs and in dogs with intrinsic (ABCB1‐1Δ mutation) and extrinsic (ketoconazole treated) P‐glycoprotein deficiency

P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the product of ABCB1 gene, is thought to play a role in the biliary excretion of a variety of drugs, but specific studies in dogs have not been performed. Because a number of endogenous (ABCB1 polymorphisms) and exogenous (pharmacological P-gp inhibition) factors can interfere with normal P-gp function, a better understanding of P-gp's role in biliary drug excretion is crucial in preventing adverse drug reactions and drug-drug interactions in dogs. The objectives of this study were to compare biliary excretion of technetium-99m-sestamibi ((99m)Tc-MIBI), a radio-labelled P-gp substrate, in wild-type dogs (ABCB1 wild/wild), and dogs with intrinsic and extrinsic deficiencies in P-gp function. Dogs with intrinsic P-gp deficiency included ABCB1 mut/mut dogs, and dogs with presumed intermediate P-gp phenotype (ABCB1 mut/wild). Dogs with extrinsic P-gp deficiency were considered to be ABCB1 wild/wild dogs treated with the P-gp inhibitor ketoconazole (5 mg/kg PO q12h x 9 doses). Results from this study indicate that ABCB1 mut/mut dogs have significantly decreased biliary excretion of (99m)Tc-MIBI compared with ABCB1 wild/wild dogs. Treatment with ketoconazole significantly decreased biliary excretion of (99m)Tc-MIBI in ABCB1 wild/wild dogs. P-gp appears to play an important role in the biliary excretion of (99m)Tc-MIBI in dogs. It is likely that concurrent administration of a P-gp inhibitor such as ketoconazole will decrease P-gp-mediated biliary excretion of other substrate drugs as well.
Development of functional units within trigeminal ganglia correlates with increased expression of proteins involved in neuron-glia interactions.

Cell bodies of trigeminal nerves, which are located in the trigeminal ganglion, are completely surrounded by satellite glial cells and together form a functional unit that regulates neuronal excitability. The goals of this study were to investigate the cellular organization of the rat trigeminal ganglia during postnatal development and correlate those findings with expression of proteins implicated in neuron–glia interactions. During postnatal development there was an increase in the volume of the neuronal cell body, which correlated with a steady increase in the number of glial cells associated with an individual neuron from an average of 2.16 at birth to 7.35 on day 56 in young adults. Interestingly, while the levels of the inwardly rectifying K+ channel Kir4.1 were barely detectable during the first week, its expression in satellite glial cells increased by day 9 and correlated with initial formation of functional units. Similarly, expression of the vesicle docking protein SNAP-25 and neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide was readily detected beginning on day 9 and remained elevated throughout postnatal development. Based on our findings, we propose that the expression of proteins involved in facilitating neuron–glia interactions temporally correlates with the formation of mature functional units during postnatal development of trigeminal ganglion.
Geologic evolution of the Xolapa Complex, southern Mexico: Evidence from U-Pb zircon geochronology

The Xolapa Complex of southern Mexico is composed of mid-crustal arc-related gneisses of poorly resolved ages, intruded by undeformed Cenozoic calc-alkaline plutons. Twelve undeformed and deformed tonalitic/ granodioritic samples from three transects across the Sierra Madre del Sur (Acapulco, Puerto Escondido, and Puerto Angel) were chosen for U-Pb zircon analysis. The measurements were performed on single crystals of zircons, using a multiple-collector laserablation inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer (MC-LA-ICP-MS). About 20–30 crystals were measured from each sample. Three gneisses and migmatites from the eastern transect (Puerto Angel), located 30–42 km from the coast yielded Grenvilleaged zircons (970–1280 Ma), suggesting that the samples represent Oaxacan basement, not deformed Xolapa Complex. The central transect (Puerto Escondido) yielded Oligocene ages (25–32 Ma) on undeformed plutons as well as mid-Mesozoic and Permian ages on gneisses. Most samples along the Puerto Escondido transect contain inherited ca. 1.1 Ga xenocrystals of zircons. The western transect (Acapulco) yielded Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous ages (160–136 Ma) on gneisses, and Paleocene (55 Ma) and Oligocene (34 Ma) ages on undeformed plutons, with no inherited Grenville ages. The older ages and xenocrystic zircons in arc-related Xolapa Complex mirror the crustal ages found in neighboring terranes (Mixteca and Oaxaca) to the north of the Xolapa Complex, suggesting an autochthonous origin of Xolapa with respect to its neighboring northbounding terranes. The new data and previously published ages for Xolapa suggest that metamorphism and migmatization of the deformed arc rocks took place prior to the Cenozoic. Eocene and Oligocene plutons representing renewed arc-related magmatism in the area are common throughout Xolapa, and probably represent the more deeply exposed continuation of the Sierra Madre Occidental arc to the northwest. The available U-Pb data argue against the previously proposed eastward migration of magmatism between Acapulco and Puerto Angel during the Oligocene.
Thermochemical Processing of Biomass

Torrefaction can be defined as “a thermochemical process in an inert or limited oxygen environment where biomass is slowly heated to within a specified temperature range and retained there for a stipulated time such that it results in near complete degradation of its hemicellulose content while maximizing mass and energy yield of solid product”. Biomass torrefaction is considered as a pre-treatment technology. Torrefaction can significantly reduce the energy requirement for grinding biomass. The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) and the immersion tests are two tests commonly used to measure the hydrophobicity of torrefied biomass. Pyrolysis is a thermal decomposition of organic materials in the absence of oxygen, producing a solid residue rich in carbon, condensable volatiles (bio-oil) and non-condensable gases (producer gas). The design and optimization of biomass pyrolysis reactors requires analytical description of the process. Simplifications have led to the development of lumped models containing conceptual or pseudo-reactions for modeling pyrolysis. Available models can be arranged into three main groups: one step models, model with competing reactions and models with secondary reactions. Gasification is a partial combustion process that converts carbonaceous materials like biomass into useful gaseous fuels with a useable heating value or chemical feedstock. Combustion of biomass proceeds in various forms: evaporation combustion, decomposition combustion, surface combustion and smoldering combustion.
Multimedia imaging detectors operating on gas-solid-state ionization principles

The engineering design of a novel imaging detector, operating on gaseous solid-state ionization principles for slot-scan imaging radiation in two dimensions, is presented. The detector has two basic functional components: a noble gas filled detector volume operating on gas microstrip principles and a solid-state detector volume. An experimental arrangement has been established, where incident X-rays spend part of their energy in a xenon gas detector volume, and the other part through interactions with the solid-state detector volume, producing charge pairs in both cases. An applied electric field imparts a constant drift velocity to these charges, driving them toward their respective signal collectors. The detected signal and noise contributions were measured and related to the X-ray tube setting parameters within the diagnostic energy range at 1 and 2 atm (atmospheres) of xenon. Preliminary experimental results indicate that the test detector exhibits a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and linear response. The research imaging detector system allows one to investigate methods to improve the detection and imaging performance parameters as part of the development of a slot scanned dual-energy digital radiographic system.
Two Species of Odontozona (Decapoda: Stenopodidea) from the Eastern Pacific

ABSTRACT Two species of stenopodid shrimp of the genus Odontozona are here recognized from the eastern Pacific. Odontozona rubra, new species, a red shrimp from the Gulf of California, is described. A broken specimen, probably O. spongicola (Alcock and Anderson), has been collected off Santa Catalina Island, California.
Brief paper: H2 norm of linear time-periodic systems: A perturbation analysis

We consider a class of linear time-periodic systems in which the dynamical generator A(t) represents the sum of a stable time-invariant operator A"0 and a small-amplitude zero-mean T-periodic operator @eA"p(t). We employ a perturbation analysis to develop a computationally efficient method for determination of the H"2 norm. Up to second order in the perturbation parameter @e we show that: (a) the H"2 norm can be obtained from a conveniently coupled system of Lyapunov and Sylvester equations that are of the same dimension as A"0; (b) there is no coupling between different harmonics of A"p(t) in the expression for the H"2 norm. These two properties do not hold for arbitrary values of @e, and their derivation would not be possible if we tried to determine the H"2 norm directly without resorting to perturbation analysis. Our method is well suited for identification of the values of period T that lead to the largest increase/reduction of the H"2 norm. Two examples are provided to motivate the developments and illustrate the procedure.
Behavioral Stage of Change and Dialysis Decision-Making

Background and objectives Behavioral stage of change (SoC) algorithms classify patients’ readiness for medical treatment decision-making. In the precontemplation stage, patients have no intention to take action within 6 months. In the contemplation stage, action is intended within 6 months. In the preparation stage, patients intend to take action within 30 days. In the action stage, the change has been made. This study examines the influence of SoC on dialysis modality decision-making. Design, setting, participants, & measurements SoC and relevant covariates were measured, and associations with dialysis decision-making were determined. In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 patients on dialysis to elicit experiences. Qualitative interview data informed the survey design. Surveys were administered to adults with CKD (eGFR≤25 ml/min/1.73 m2) from August, 2012 to June, 2013. Multivariable logistic regression modeled dialysis decision-making with predictors: SoC, provider connection, and dialysis knowledge score. Results Fifty-five patients completed the survey (71% women, 39% white, and 59% black), and median annual income was $17,500. In total, 65% of patients were in the precontemplation/contemplation (thinking) and 35% of patients were in the preparation/maintenance (acting) SoC; 62% of patients had made dialysis modality decisions. Doctors explaining modality options, higher dialysis knowledge scores, and fewer lifestyle barriers were associated with acting versus thinking SoC (all P Conclusions Dialysis decision-making was associated with SoC, dialysis knowledge, and physicians discussing treatment options. Future studies determining ways to assist patients with CKD in making satisfying modality decisions are warranted.
Built-in test sequence generation for synchronous sequential circuits based on loading and expansion of test subsequences

We describe an on-chip test generation scheme for synchronous sequential circuits that allows at-speed testing of such circuits. The proposed scheme is based on loading of (short) input sequences into an on-chip memory, and expansion of these sequences on-chip into test sequences. Complete coverage of modeled faults is achieved by basing the selection of the loaded sequences on a deterministic test sequence T/sub 0/, and ensuring that every fault detected by To is detected by the expanded version of at least one loaded sequence. Experimental results presented for benchmark circuits show that the length of the sequence that needs to be stored at any time is on the average 10% of the length of T/sub 0/, and that the total length of all the loaded sequences is on the average 46% of the length of T/sub 0/.
Contrasting effects of an invasive crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) on two temperate stream communities

Summary 1. The effects of omnivorous exotic species on native communities are often difficult to predict because of the broad diets and behavioural flexibility of the omnivore, and the diverse abiotic and biotic characteristics of invaded systems. We investigated experimentally the effects of a gradient of density of the introduced, omnivorous red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae) on two stream communities in southern California, U.S.A. 2. The Ventura River is a clear, flowing stream with a cobble substratum, with abundant algae but low densities of large invertebrates, small herbivores and snails. The Santa Ynez River at the time of the study consisted of a series of drying pools underlain by sand, with abundant charophytes, large predatory invertebrates and herbivores, including snails. 3. In the Ventura River, periphyton biomass and inorganic sediment decreased with increasing crayfish abundance, but in the Santa Ynez River, periphyton and sediment were unrelated to crayfish densities. 4. In the Ventura River, the biomass and density of all benthic invertebrates combined, chironomids, micropredators, the meiofauna (chydorid cladocerans, copepods and ostracods), and specific predatory and herbivorous taxa, as well as taxon richness, were negatively related to crayfish density. In the Santa Ynez River, the biomass and average body size of benthic invertebrates, predatory invertebrates, herbivores and chironomids, but not total invertebrate density or taxon richness, were negatively related to crayfish density. 5. Fewer large predatory invertebrates and snails (Physella gyrina) in both streams, and baetid mayflies in the Ventura River, were visible at night in channels where crayfish were abundant. Snails responded to crayfish by moving above the water line in the Santa Ynez River, but not in the Ventura River. 6. We suggest that the same omnivore had different effects on these neighbouring streams because of crayfish predation on large invertebrates in the Santa Ynez River and the scarcity of such prey in the Ventura River, leading to increased crayfish grazing on periphyton, and reductions in periphyton-associated invertebrates, in the Ventura River.
WHOLE-BODY DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR AND CONTROL OF HUMAN-LIKE ROBOTS

With the increasing complexity of humanoid mechanisms and their desired capabilities, there is a pressing need for a generalized framework where a desired whole-body motion behavior can be easily specified and controlled. Our hypothesis is that human motion results from simultaneously performing multiple objectives in a hierarchical manner, and we have analogously developed a prioritized, multiple-task control framework. The operational space formulation10 provides dynamic models at the task level and structures for decoupled task and posture control.13 This formulation allows for posture objectives to be controlled without dynamically interfering with the operational task. Achieving higher performance of posture objectives requires precise models of their dynamic behaviors. In this paper we complete the picture of task descriptions and whole-body dynamic control by establishing models of the dynamic behavior of secondary task objectives within the posture space. Using these models, we present a whole-body control framework that decouples the interaction between the task and postural objectives and compensates for the dynamics in their respective spaces.
The Structure and Transport of the Gulf Stream at 73°W

Abstract Between September 1980 and May 1983, 16 sections of temperature and velocity were obtained with the Pegasus instrument along a transect crossing the Gulf Stream at 73°W. The mean temperature and velocity fields of the upper 2000 meters were calculated. The transport above 2000 meters calculated from the sections had a mean of 87.8 (± 17.3) × 106 m3 s−1. A comparison with mass flux measurements obtained by previous investigators at Cape Fear indicated that the addition to the transport of the Stream in the region was uniform with depth above 800 meters. The mean inflow measured at the Pegasus line was found to be uniform above 800 meters and to decrese substantially below this depth. The increase in transport at the line estimated from the mean cross-stream velocity field was 15.4 (± 5.8) × 106 m3 s−1 per 100 km downstream distance. The temporal fluctuation of the Pegasus transport measurements was consistent with an annual cycle with a maximum in April. The mean eddy kinetic energy at the surface...
Enhancement of radiation effects in vitro by the estrogen metabolite 2- methoxyestradiol

Abstract Amorino, G. P., Freeman, M. L. and Choy, H. Enhancement of Radiation Effects In Vitro by the Estrogen Metabolite 2-Methoxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME) is an endogenous estradiol metabolite that disrupts microtubule function, suppresses murine tumors, and inhibits angiogenesis. Since some microtubule inhibitors have been shown to alter radiosensitivity, we have evaluated 2-ME as a radiation enhancer in vitro. H460 human lung cancer cells were plated, treated with 2-ME for 24 h, and irradiated; then colony-forming ability was assessed. The radiation dose enhancement ratios (DERs) using this protocol were 1.3, 1.8 and 2.1 for 1, 1.5 and 2 μM 2-ME, respectively. Using a single-cell plating protocol, the respective DERs were 1.2, 1.5 and 1.8. The parent compound of 2-ME, β-estradiol, did not enhance radiation effects at equally cytotoxic doses. Isobologram analysis showed that 1 μM 2-ME was additive with radiation, but that 1.5 and 2 μM were synergistic. Cell cycle analysis showed a dose-depen...
Tall Building Response to Earthquake Excitations

Under external excitations, a multistory building structure responds in both translation and torsion. The two types of motion are normally coupled, except for the unusual case where the elastic center and the mass center are coincidental in every story of the building, and they lie along a straight line for different stories of the building. The importance of this coupling effect is explored in the present paper using a transfer matrix formulation. An eight-story building with a moderate degree of eccentricity is used as a numerical example.
Cholinergic control of smooth muscle peristalsis in the cat esophagus

The aim of this study was to examine in detail the effects of selective cholinergic and other pharmacological antagonists on primary and secondary peristalsis in the smooth muscle of the cat esophagus in order to fully characterize the cholinergic contribution to peristalsis in this species. Primary and secondary peristalsis in the smooth muscle part of the feline esophagus was completely abolished by atropine, 4-dephenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP) (a selective M2 muscarinic antagonist), hexamethonium, and high doses of nicotine. Pirenzepine (a selective M1 muscarinic antagonist), propranolol, and phentolamine were without effect, as were naloxone, methysergide, and pyrilamine. From these findings we conclude that primary and secondary peristalsis in feline esophageal smooth muscle involves nicotinic ganglionic neurotransmission as well as postganglionic release of acetylcholine that acts directly on muscarinic receptors located on the smooth muscle. Peristalsis in esophageal striated muscle does not involve either synaptic transmission or muscarinic receptors.
Urine Trouble: Alterations in Brain Function Associated with Bladder Pain.

Purpose: Chronic bladder pain is a debilitating condition often accompanied by alterations in affective and autonomic function. Many symptoms associated with chronic bladder pain are mediated by the central nervous system. In this review data from preclinical animal models and human neuroimaging studies were analyzed and a theoretical supraspinal bladder pain network was generated.Materials and Methods: We comprehensively reviewed the literature using PubMed® and Google Scholar™. Relevant reviews and original research articles, and the cited references were summarized and then organized on a neuroanatomical basis.Results: The brain loci the most predominant in the bladder pain literature are the thalamus, parabrachial nucleus, cerebral cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray and rostral ventromedial medulla. This review highlights each of these regions, discussing the molecular and physiological changes that occur in each in the context of bladder pain.Conclusions: A complex network of brain l...
On the Theory of Radiation From an Annular Slot in a Compressible Plasma

Radiation from a circular-slot antenna in a warm plasma is treated as a boundary-value problem. The slot is excited symmetrically by a coaxial waveguide which has an infinite flange. The waveguide aperture and the flange are separated from the plasma by a dielectric coating. An exact formulation is given for the fields produced in the plasma region in terms of the aperture field at the open end of the waveguide. An asymptotic evaluation of the integrals shows that, in addition to space wave radiation, a surface wave is excited by virtue of the finite temperature of the plasma. Also, waveguide-type modes in the dielectric layer are excited and they are attenuated even in the absence of ohmic or collision losses. Finally, a variational formula is obtained for the terminal admittance of the coaxial line.
Role of Silicate and Aluminate Ions in the Reaction of Sodium Hydroxide With Reservoir Minerals

La dissolution du quartz, de deux feldsparths, de deux micas et de trois argiles est etudiee a 24 et 70 o C (75 et 158 o F) dans des solutions de soude representatives de celles utilisees pour recuperer le petrole acide des roches magasins. La cinetique des reactions est modelisee et verifiee experimentalement dans le champ Kern River
The Safety and Feasibility of Robotic-Assisted Lymph Node Staging in Early-Stage Ovarian Cancer

Objectives The purpose of this study was to report on the safety and feasibility of robotic-assisted systematic lymph node staging in the management of early-stage ovarian cancer. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the charts of presumed early-stage (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages I and II) ovarian cancer patients who underwent robotic-assisted surgery that incorporated a systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy from January 2009 until December 2013. Patient demographics, operative characteristics, pathology, lymph node counts, surgical complications, and hospital stay were evaluated. Results A total of 26 early-stage ovarian cancer patients were identified. The mean operating time was 2.90 hours, and the estimated blood loss was 63 mL; there were no intraoperative complications although 1 patient’s surgery was significantly prolonged due to pelvic adhesions. The mean number of pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes removed was 14.6 (2.3% incidence of pelvic lymph node metastases) and 5.8 (3.3% incidence of para-aortic lymph node metastases), respectively. The patients’ mean duration of hospital stay was 18.4 hours, and 2 patients were readmitted for either a postoperative wound infection or vaginal dehiscence. Conclusions The results from this study suggest that robotic-assisted surgical staging in the management of presumed early-stage ovarian cancer is both feasible and associated with a minimal patient complication rate. We encountered a low incidence of lymph node metastases, and the readmission rate was favorable. Nevertheless, because the prevalence of lymph node metastases can approach 20% in select patients, physicians should consider a systematic lymph node resection to confer an optimal clinical assessment.
Sub-diffuse structured light imaging provides macroscopic maps of microscopic tissue structure(Conference Presentation)

The onset and progression of cancer introduces changes to the intra-cellular ultrastructural components and to the morphology of the extracellular matrix. While previous work has shown that localized scatter imaging is sensitive to pathology-induced differences in these aspects of tissue microstructure, wide adaptation this knowledge for surgical guidance is limited by two factors. First, the time required to image with confocal-level localization of the remission signal can be substantial. Second, localized (i.e. sub-diffuse) scatter remission intensity is influenced interchangeably by parameters that define scattering frequency and anisotropy. This similarity relationship must be carefully considered in order to obtain unique estimates of biomarkers that define either the scatter density or features that describe the distribution (e.g. shape, size, and orientation) of scatterers. This study presents a novel approach that uses structured light imaging to address both of these limitations. Monte Carlo data were used to model the reflectance intensity over a wide range of spatial frequencies, reduced scattering coefficients, absorption coefficients, and a metric of the scattering phase function that directly maps to the fractal dimension of scatter sizes. The approach is validated in tissue-simulating phantoms constructed with user-tuned scattering phase functions. The validation analysis shows that the phase function can be described in the presence of different scatter densities or background absorptions. Preliminary data from clinical tissue specimens show quantitative images of both the scatter density and the tissue fractal dimension for various tissue types and pathologies. These data represent a novel wide-field quantitative approach to mapping microscopic structural biomarkers that cannot be obtained with standard diffuse imaging. Implications for the use of this approach to assess surgical margins will be discussed.
Posterior Urethral Valves in Adults: A Report of 2 Cases

AbstractHerein we review 2 cases of posterior urethral valves in adults. Significant secondary bladder neck obstruction occurred in both cases and required transurethral incision before the bladder outlet obstruction was relieved. The management is described of the secondary upper tract changes that occurred.
Effect of [(CH2NH)4,5]secretin on pancreatic exocrine secretion in guinea pigs and rats.

[psi 4,5]Secretin was shown to be a secretin receptor antagonist that inhibits secretin-stimulated increase in adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in isolated pancreatic acini of the guinea pig. T...
Postoperative adhesion formation in a rabbit model: monopolar electrosurgery versus ultrasonic scalpel.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To determine if surgery using ultrasonic energy for dissection results in less adhesion formation than monopolar electrosurgical energy in the late (8 weeks) postoperative period. METHODS Injuries were induced in rabbits by using ultrasonic energy on one uterine horn and the adjacent pelvic sidewall and using monopolar energy on the opposite side. Eight weeks postoperatively, the rabbits underwent autopsy and clinical and pathologic scoring of adhesions was performed by blinded investigators. RESULTS There was no significant difference in clinical adhesion scores between the two modalities. The mean clinical score for monopolar cautery was 1.00 versus 0.88 for the Harmonic device (Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Cincinnati, Ohio) (P = .71). Furthermore, there was no significant difference found in the pathologic adhesion scores between the ultrasonic scalpel and monopolar energy. The mean pathologic score for monopolar electrosurgery was 4.35 versus 3.65 for the Harmonic scalpel (P = .30). CONCLUSION Neither monopolar electrosurgery nor ultrasonic dissection is superior in the prevention of adhesion formation in the late postoperative period.
AIDS and women.

A number of recent critiques have described the detrimental effects of male-centered approaches to medicine, which have resulted in exclusion of female subjects in drug trials and understudy of diseases of women. AIDS represents a prime example of a disease in which a male-centered approach has placed women at a disadvantage for diagnosis, treatment, and care. A CDC Case Definition that does not include gynecologic conditions related to AIDS, research emphasizing women as vectors of transmission to fetus or male partner, and failure to include large numbers of women in AZT and other drug trials are examples of the results of approaches that do not focus on AIDS in women. Including a female-centered perspective in AIDS research will reveal information to help complete the AIDS picture for women, men, and children.
Advantages and Limitations of Open Source Software for Library Management System Functions: The Experience of Libraries in India

ABSTRACTThe explosion of availability of information on the Internet requires that libraries evolve into value-added information providers, rather than mere curators of collections. Modern libraries need to stay relevant to a diverse, technologically savvy patron base and to facilitate and add value to the research community, while facing significant resource constraints. To face these challenges, libraries need to embrace digital technologies and library management systems (LMS) in order to work smart and achieve more with less. While LMS systems have been around for decades, libraries can explore the new frontier by embracing open source solutions, like open source software (OSS) library systems, which are free to acquire. They need to collaborate with computer experts and become technologically savvy to harness the full power of OSS solutions to meet the specific needs of the library and patron base. This article provides an overview of the availability, benefits, and drawbacks of various LMS systems a...
Residential mobility affects self-concept, group support, and happiness of individuals and communities.

Evidence across several studies leads to the conclusion that having moved and living in an unstable community are associated with some of psychology’s most central variables: happiness, self-concept, and altruism. We review evidence that mobile communities and mobile people have more individualistic self-concepts, identify with groups more conditionally, and support the local community less. People who moved as children have lower satisfaction with life—unless they are extraverted. We also show that extraverted US states are happier when they are mobile, and introverted states are happier when they are stable. We explain how mobility can have two different effects depending on whether we are talking about how many times people have moved (individual mobility) or what percent of the local population has moved (community mobility). Furthermore, regional and national differences in mobility help explain important regional and cultural psychological differences.
Airway Management in the ICU

The approach to interventional airway management must be consistent and disciplined. This chapter will describe one method to assess the airway and potentially predict which ones could be difficult and require additional interventions to secure and protect. In addition, assessments for difficult bag mask ventilation, laryngoscopy, extraglottic devices, and surgical interventions will be discussed.
A piezoelectric based vibration energy harvester fabricated using screen printing technique

A d3i mode piezoelectric based vibration energy harvester (PVEH) has been successfully fabricated using screen printing technique for wireless micro sensor network applications. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), as a piezoelectric layer, was screen printed onto a glass substrate. The cured screen printed PVDF film was peeled off from the glass substrate and polarized by applying 10 kV across its layer. The polarized PVDF layer was sandwiched between two Metglas conductive electrodes, to form a d31 mode unimorph cantilever beam structure. The fabricated PVEH device was mechanically excited at its first resonance frequency (54 Hz) using base shaking experiments. The experimental results demonstrated that the developed energy harvester generated a maximum DC voltage of 1.35 V across a 10 Mfi load and a peak power output of 0.28 μW was delivered to a 1 MΩ resistive load at 0.53 V DC for a sinusoidal vibration of 15 g. The corresponding power density of the device was calculated to be 11.67 μW/cm3.
Educational Leaders and Partnerships: A Critical Examination of the GLOBE Model for Higher Education Contexts in the Asia Pacific Region

Leading a new partnership in an unconscious, unstructured, or random manner restricts possible success and subsequent benefits. A guiding question drives this theoretical framework: how can higher education leaders partner in effective ways with local organizations in the Asia Pacific region while at the same time, honoring local cultural considerations? The GLOBE studies will be used as a framework to better understand higher education leaders’ interests and practices in community partnership creation. Perhaps productive and effective models of community partnerships with IHEs can be found in the country clusters that emphasize team-oriented and participative leadership as opposed to the other behaviors such as charismatic, humane oriented, autonomous, or self-protective. An important strength of the GLOBE studies and subsequent data allows educational leaders from a variety of countries to better understand and to collaborate with diverse constituents. A localized and common understanding should beget a cycle of more impactful community-based partnerships.
From classroom Arduinos to missions on Mars: Making STEM education accessible and effective through remotely operated robotics

Computer programming skills are a critical necessity for today's students, but maintaining student interest in programming and engineering courses is challenging unless the theory is accompanied by engaging, hands-on applications. Additionally, many schools, especially those in underprivileged areas, lack the resources and personnel to develop or implement such applications. The Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute (SIPI), through the support of a NASA grant, has developed an integrated teaching program where students from middle school through the college levels can learn programming and robotic design from the most basic introductory level to advanced embedded computing, hardware and webpage design at little or no cost to the participating schools and with minimum burden to the teachers. The centerpiece of the program is the indoor “Mars Yard” which is a SIPI facility that allows remote operation of robots in an indoor environment to simulate remote space missions. Beginning with simple Arduino-based robot kits, students in the middle and high school levels are introduced to programming and robotics using an easy to follow curriculum. As they advance, students can remotely access the Mars Yard and perform pre-determined missions on real or simulated rovers. At the advanced high-school and college level, the students proceed to design, build, program and test their own robots and sensors and develop custom missions. The educational platform described in this paper is being implemented at SIPI and affiliated local high schools with tremendous results.
Misconceptions, Misinformation, and the Logic of Identity-Protective Cognition

This paper supplies a compact synthesis of the empirical literature on misconceptions of and misinformation about decision-relevant science. The incidence and impact of misconceptions and misperceptions, the article argues, are highly conditional on identity protective cognition. Identity protective cognition refers to the tendency of culturally diverse individuals to selectively credit and dismiss evidence in patterns that reflect the beliefs that predominate in their group. On issues that provoke identity-protective cognition, the members of the public most adept at avoiding misconceptions of science are nevertheless the most culturally polarized. Individuals are also more likely to accept misinformation and resist the correction of it when that misinformation is identity-affirming rather than identity-threatening. Effectively counteracting these dynamics, the paper argues, requires more than simply supplying citizens with correct information. It demands in addition the protection of the science communication environment from toxic social meanings that fuse competing understandings of fact with diverse citizens’ cultural identities.
Genetic Modification of Lignin in Hybrid Poplar (Populus alba × Populus tremula) Does Not Substantially Alter Plant Defense or Arthropod Communities

Lignin impedes access to cellulose during biofuel production and pulping but trees can be genetically modified to improve processing efficiency. Modification of lignin may have nontarget effects on mechanical and chemical resistance and subsequent arthropod community responses with respect to pest susceptibility and arthropod biodiversity. We quantified foliar mechanical and chemical resistance traits in lignin-modified and wild-type (WT) poplar (Populus alba × Populus tremula) grown in a plantation and censused arthropods present on these trees to determine total abundance, as well as species richness, diversity and community composition. Our results indicate that mechanical resistance was not affected by lignin modification and only one genetic construct resulted in a (modest) change in chemical resistance. Arthropod abundance and community composition were consistent across modified and WT trees, but transgenics produced using one construct exhibited higher species richness and diversity relative to the WT. Our findings indicate that modification of lignin in poplar does not negatively affect herbivore resistance traits or arthropod community response, and may even result in a source of increased genetic diversity in trees and arthropod communities.
An overture to overeating: The cross-modal effects of acoustic pitch on food preferences and serving behavior

Abstract Billions of dollars are spent annually with the aim of enticing consumers to purchase food. Yet despite the prevalence of such advertising, little is known about how the actual sensation of this advertising media affects consumer behavior, including consequential choices regarding food. This paper explores the effect of acoustic pitch in food advertising, demonstrating in two studies, including a field study in a live retail environment, how the perception of pitch in advertising can impact food desirability and decisions regarding serving size. In study 1, a field study, pitch affects actual serving sizes and purchase behavior in a live, self-serve retail setting, with low pitch leading to larger serving sizes. Study 2 demonstrates how low pitch increases desire for a food product among hungry consumers, and that this effect is mediated by perceptions of size and how filling consumers believe the product will be. We discuss these results in the context of cross-modal correspondence and mental imagery.
Evaluating Recharge and Dynamics of Flow in the Lower Virgin River Basin, USA: Interpretation of Hydrochemical and Stable Isotopic Data

Because of the complex geologic setting of the Basin and Range province, groundwater flow systems of the Intermountain basins of the southwestern United States are complex and remain poorly understood. Understanding these flow systems is important for water budgeting on a regional and local scale, and development of robust numerical groundwater models for sustainable water use and protection of water-dependent ecosystems. Although for decades hydrochemistry and isotopes have been used to characterize and trace subsurface water and surface water, effectively interpreting these data are still challenging, which can be attributed to existing subjective grouping of these data and the lack of methodological framework for analyzing and interpreting the data. In this dissertation, new analytic approaches to analyze hydrochemical and stable isotopic data are described and used to trace the sources and movement of groundwater, and better quantify Virgin River interactions with groundwater in the lower Virgin River Basin in Nevada, Arizona, and Utah. In the new approach, data analytical techniques and data interpretations are combined in a sequential and mutually supportive way to test the hypotheses of potential interbasin groundwater flow, and Virgin River interaction with groundwater in the lower Virgin River Basin. To achieve these goals of the dissertation, three studies were conducted. The objective of the first study was to optimize the multivariate statistical grouping of hydrochemical data of groundwater. The results indicated that repeated stable cluster solutions (robust hydrochemical facies) are obtained when cluster analysis is combined with Discriminant Function Analysis and agreement measures to group hydrochemical data. Also, this integrative approach allows for a quantification of the effect of analytical errors, outliers, and data transformation on the clustering of hydrochemical data. Using this approach, an optimal number of six robust hydrochemical facies were delineated for groundwater in the lower Virgin Valley. The results indicate that inappropriate data transformation can significantly impact the delineation of robust hydrochemical facies (Cramer's V The objective of the second study was to precisely define the sources of groundwater and Virgin River interactions with groundwater in the lower Virgin River Basin through a new approach for analyzing hydrochemical data of groundwater and surface water that allows for the precise definition of sources and discharge end-members, and overlay of interpretations. The methodology developed in the first objective above was used to delineate 6 robust hydrochemical facies for all waters in the basin. Subsequently, hydrochemical end-members were identified using the Schoeller diagram and discriminant functions plot. Flowpaths were tested, based on geographic coherence and patterns of the characteristic facies. Additionally, the PHREEQC inverse modeling code…
Intensity judgments of vibrations in the X axis, Z axis, and X-plus-Z axes.

Seated subjects matched their perceptions of the intensity of X-axis, Z-axis, or X-plus-Z vibrations, by adjusting the intensity of a sinusoidal, 5 Hz, Y-axis response vibration. Stimuli were sinusoidal at 3.2, 5, and 8 Hz. For each frequency there were six vibration conditions (X axis alone, Z axis alone, or both axes together with 0 degree, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, or 270 degrees phase angles between them) each presented at each of two acceleration levels (0.15 and 0.25 G.R.M.S.). Results showed that Y-axis response accelerations for the dual-axis stimuli were greater than those for either one of their X-axis or Z-axis components. This occurred for both acceleration levels and for all three frequencies. However, the pattern of results indicated that response acceleration varied significantly as a function of the combination of phase angle and frequency. This is in contrast to results from a previous experiment, involving Y-plus-Z axis stimuli, which showed that the effects of phase angle were minimal at all three frequencies. Apparently phase angle, in combination with frequency, plays a significant role for X-plus-Z vibrations, but not for Y-plus-Z vibrations.
The fundus of the eye.

Even in healthy eyes, the appearance of the fundus is subject to great variation owing to individual differences in amount and distribution of pigments. How much melanin and hemoglobin are present in an area or a structure determines the coloration of that part of the fundus and the visibility of the underlying structures.
Spiritual Development and Cultural Context in the Lives of Women Adult Educators for Social Change

This paper reports the results of a qualitative research study where the purpose was to examine the spiritual development of a multicultural group of women adult educators who are teaching for social justice and are motivated to do so because of their spiritual commitments. Findings reveal 4 themes of spiritual development. It may be described as a spiral process of moving beyond and re-membering spiritual values and symbols of the culture of origin, it includes a deepening awareness and honoring of the Lifeforce, it facilitates authentic identity development, and it requires social action.
Regenerative Medicine of the Respiratory Tract

Abstract The lung's primary function is to exchange gases to provide oxygen to the circulating blood and remove carbon dioxide from it. Maintenance of this function relies on a highly adaptive vascular system and specialized epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract along a proximodistal axis. Coordinated cell differentiation along this axis during lung development provides an important road map for regenerative medicine. Throughout adult life, endogenous stem and progenitor cell populations maintain an inherent regenerative potential to secure homeostasis of the respiratory tract after injury. Novel methods have been developed for airway and lung tissue engineering, at least conceptually enabling in vivo and ex vivo repair. Among those, the use of biological scaffolds to support recellularization and regeneration has further advanced the goal of personalized, patient-specific therapeutics for the lung.