cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increased intracellular calcium alters myelin gene expression in the N20.1 oligodendroglial cell line.

Regulation of intracellular Ca2+ (Cai) plays a central role in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. We previously reported that immature oligodendroglia (OLs) are less susceptible than mature OLs to cell death following increases in Cai (Benjamins and Nedelkoska [1995] Neurochem. Res. 21:471–479). The N20.1 murine OL cell line provides a model of an intermediate stage of OL maturation in which to study responses to Cai increases with regard to viability, as well as the expression of mRNAs for myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein (PLP), DM-20, SCIP, and the immediate early genes ZIF268, c-fos, and c-jun. Cells were treated with the calcium ionophore A23187 or thapsigargin for 1, 3, and 18 hr. A23187 at 1.0 μM had no significant effect on cell detachment or death, whereas thapsigargin at 1.0 μM slightly increased both. With both agents, SCIP, MBP, and PLP mRNA levels were unaffected by 3 hr, but markedly reduced after 18 hours. DM-20 mRNA levels remained unchanged at both time points. With both agents, ZIF268, c-fos, and c-jun mRNA levels were unaffected after 1 hr; c-jun mRNA levels showed a significant increase after 3 hr of thapsigargin treatment. Thus, in N20.1 cells, increased calcium affects the IEG c-jun first, SCIP is coordinately decreased with MBP and PLP mRNAs at a later time point, and DM-20 message is under different regulation than PLP. J. Neurosci. Res. 57:633–642. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Attitudes toward outdoor recreation development: an application of social exchange theory.

A research project was undertaken within a multi‐county region in southeastern Ohio to ascertain the attitudes of local residents toward future outdoor recreation development within the area. A systematic random sample of 1493 respondents was drawn from a five‐county region to test a theoretical perspective developed from selected components of social exchange theory. The findings demonstrated that the respondents held very favorable attitudes toward outdoor recreation development. Multivariate analysis of the data revealed that the theoretical model was basically supported. The findings are discussed from both applied and theoretical perspectives.
A study of the spanwise structure of coherent eddies in the viscous wall region

Simultaneous measurements of the longitudinal and spanwise components s x and s z of the fluctuating velocity gradient at the wall of a pipe and the fluctuating velocity u and w at various distances from the wall have been analysed in order to provide information on the origin of flow-oriented wall eddies. Special conditional-averaging techniques, which use multiprobe measurements, are developed to capture the wall structures as they evolve in both space and time. It is found that wall eddies of wavelength λ + ≈ 100, detected from measured patterns of s z ( z ), are closely related to spanwise variations of the velocity at y + = 20 and 40. Analysis of measurements from probes arranged in the direction of the mean flow supports the notion that the wall structures result from the propagation of spanwise disturbances of the velocity at some distance from the wall, both downstream and towards the wall. A flow model, different from vortex models hypothesized by previous investigators, is proposed to account for the relation of flow phenomena in the viscous wall region to the low-speed wall streaks.
Mechanistic studies on reactivities of organometallic macrocyclic complexes of chromium and cobalt

Reaction pathways leading to the formation and cleavage of a transition metal-carbon bond at various oxidation states of the metal occupy a central position in understanding many enzymatic reactions and designing catalysts. The report is divided into six parts that (1) focus on the homolysis vs heterolysis of a C-Cr(III) bond, (2) describes a unique chain reaction and a S{sub E}2 reaction I{sub 2} and RCrL{sup 2+}, (3) concerns the oxidation of organochromium(III) complexes by dihalide and pseudo-dihalide radical anions generated by pulse radiolysis, (4) concentrates on the oxidation mechanism of RCr(H{sub 2}O){sup 2+} and the fate of RCr(H{sub 2}O){sup 3+} as well as the corresponding reduction potentials, (5) extends study of organocobalt complexes with attention to reduction induced cleavages of a transition metal-carbon bond, and (6) describes the crystallization of ((CH{sub 3}){sub 4}N)(Co(dmgBF{sub 2}){sub 2}py) and reports its molecular structure as determined by x-ray diffraction. 182 refs., 25 figs., 16 tabs. (BM)
Impact of contrast agent type (ionic versus nonionic) used for coronary angiography on angiographic, electrocardiographic, and clinical outcomes following thrombolytic administration in acute myocardial infarction.

The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between contrast agent type (ionic vs. nonionic) and angiographic, electrocardiographic, and clinical outcomes after thrombolytic administration. Ionic or nonionic contrast agents were selected in a nonrandomized fashion for 90-min angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) following thrombolytic administration in the TIMI 14 trial [tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or reteplase (rPA) vs. low-dose lytic + abciximab]. There was no relationship between contrast agent type and overall patency, rate of TIMI grade 3 flow, or corrected TIMI frame counts (CTFCs) in open culprit arteries and in post-PCI patency rates or post-PCI CTFCs. In patients treated with ionic contrast, ejection fractions at 90 min were slightly but significantly lower (56.2 ± 16.5, n = 122, vs. 59.8 ± 14.4, n = 322; P = 0.02), chest pain duration was longer (2.8 ± 4.1 hr, n = 255, vs. 1.7 ± 3.6, n = 550; P = 0.0003), and complete ST segment resolution was less frequent (41.5% vs. 50.8%; P = 0.04). While there was no difference in epicardial blood flow, ionic contrast agent use was associated with poorer ST segment resolution, longer chest pain duration, and poorer ejection fractions, perhaps as a result of microvascular dysfunction. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:6–11. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A framework for computer performance evaluation using benchmark sets

Benchmarking is a widely used approach to measure computer performance. Current use of benchmarks only provides running times to describe the performance of a tested system. Glancing through these execution times provides little or no information about system strengths and weaknesses. A novel benchmarking methodology is proposed to identify key performance parameters; the methodology is based on measuring performance vectors. A performance vector is a vector of ratings that represents delivered performance of primitive operations of a system. In order to measure performance vectors, a geometric model is proposed which defines system behavior using the concepts of support points, context lattice, and operating points. In addition to the performance vector, other metrics derivable from the geometric model include the variation in system performance and the compliance of benchmarks. Using this methodology, the performance vectors of the Sun SuperSPARC (desktop workstation) and the Cray C90 (vector supercomputer) are evaluated using the SPEC benchmarks and the Perfect Club, respectively. The proposed methodology respects several practical constraints and issues in benchmarking. The instrumentation required is minimal. The benchmarks used are realistic (not synthetic) in order to reflect the delivered (not peak) performance. Finally, operations in the performance vector are not measured individually since there may be significant interplay in their executions.
Daytime water detection based on sky reflections

Robust water detection is a critical perception requirement for unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) autonomous navigation. This is particularly true in wide-open areas where water can collect in naturally occurring terrain depressions during periods of heavy precipitation and form large water bodies. One of the properties of water useful for detecting it is that its surface acts as a horizontal mirror at large incidence angles. Water bodies can be indirectly detected by detecting reflections of the sky below the horizon in color imagery. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has implemented a water detector based on sky reflections that geometrically locates the pixel in the sky that is reflecting on a candidate water pixel on the ground and predicts if the ground pixel is water based on color similarity and local terrain features. This software detects water bodies in wide-open areas on cross-country terrain at mid- to far-range using imagery acquired from a forward-looking stereo pair of color cameras mounted on a terrestrial UGV. In three test sequences approaching a pond under a clear, overcast, and cloudy sky, the true positive detection rate was 100% when the UGV was beyond 7 meters of the water's leading edge and the largest false positive detection rate was 0.58%. The sky reflection based water detector has been integrated on an experimental unmanned vehicle and field tested at Ft. Indiantown Gap, PA, USA.
Reliability levels for fault-tolerant linear processing using real number error correction

Fault-tolerant linear processing systems using real number codes, as in algorithm-based fault tolerance methodologies, can be extended to include error correction for correcting intermittent errors in the processed output data. The reliability function for a protected system containing correction is considered under simple but realistic assumptions on the arrival of failures in both the normal processing and corrector subassemblies. An error-correcting procedure employing a real, convolutional code is described briefly, and a system diagram of a corrector subsystem containing self-checking comparators for detecting its internal failures is presented. Failures are modelled as arriving according to Poisson processes in both parts of the fault-tolerant system. Formulas for the reliability of the protected system are given and an efficient lower bound is developed. This bound depends only on broad details such as relative areas used in a VLSI design of the processing and corrector parts. Computational methods employing computer algebra packages are discussed, and some typical reliability curves for two configurations demonstrate the dramatic improvement which error correction introduces.
Quantum-like effects in network-on-chip buffers behavior

This paper proposes a paradigm shift in modeling and optimization of NoCs by identifying quantum-like effects in buffers behavior. The key idea of our proposed approach involves identifying a virtual random growing network (VRGN) which describes the NoC buffers evolution as a function of the packet injection rate.
Fast spatial ancestry via flexible allele frequency surfaces

Motivation: Unique modeling and computational challenges arise in locating the geographic origin of individuals based on their genetic backgrounds. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) vary widely in informativeness, allele frequencies change non-linearly with geography and reliable localization requires evidence to be integrated across a multitude of SNPs. These problems become even more acute for individuals of mixed ancestry. It is hardly surprising that matching genetic models to computational constraints has limited the development of methods for estimating geographic origins. We attack these related problems by borrowing ideas from image processing and optimization theory. Our proposed model divides the region of interest into pixels and operates SNP by SNP. We estimate allele frequencies across the landscape by maximizing a product of binomial likelihoods penalized by nearest neighbor interactions. Penalization smooths allele frequency estimates and promotes estimation at pixels with no data. Maximization is accomplished by a minorize–maximize (MM) algorithm. Once allele frequency surfaces are available, one can apply Bayes’ rule to compute the posterior probability that each pixel is the pixel of origin of a given person. Placement of admixed individuals on the landscape is more complicated and requires estimation of the fractional contribution of each pixel to a person’s genome. This estimation problem also succumbs to a penalized MM algorithm. Results: We applied the model to the Population Reference Sample (POPRES) data. The model gives better localization for both unmixed and admixed individuals than existing methods despite using just a small fraction of the available SNPs. Computing times are comparable with the best competing software. Availability and implementation: Software will be freely available as the OriGen package in R. Contact: ude.wu@jalonar or ude.alcu@egnalk Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Changes in Combat Casualty Care

There have been many positive changes in combat casualty care since Desert Storm. The Air Force has made a major change and significant improvement in combat casualty care, which is aided by the United States Army and Navy. The current care is second to none, including rehabilitation. This improvement in care and outcomes is due to the dedication of the doctors, nurses, corpsmen, pilots, and the incredible support services that make it happen.
Design Optimization of a Series Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle for Real-World Driving Conditions

This paper proposes a framework to perform design optimization of a series PHEV and investigates the impact of using real-world driving inputs on final design. Real-World driving is characterized from a database of naturalistic driving generated in Field Operational Tests. The procedure utilizes Markov chains to generate synthetic drive cycles representative of real-world driving. Subsequently, PHEV optimization is performed in two steps. First the optimal battery and motor sizes to most efficiently achieve a desired All Electric Range (AER) are determined. A synthetic cycle representative of driving over a given range is used for function evaluations. Then, the optimal engine size is obtained by considering fuel economy in the charge sustaining (CS) mode. The higher power/energy demands of real-world cycles lead to PHEV designs with substantially larger batteries and engines than those developed using repetitions of the federal urban cycle (UDDS). This is a finding of high relevance for forecasting technology diffusion, consumer acceptance, and impact of PHEVs on power grid. These differences increase progressively with desired AER due to increasing energy/mile usage of real world driving with distance.
Physician Use of Brand Versus Generic Drug Names in 1993–1994 and 2003–2004

Background:Physicians often refer to drugs by their brand names, which can result in brand name drugs being dispensed even when bioequivalent generic alternatives are available. As a result, use of brand-name terminology may result in increased drug costs.Objective:To evaluate how often physicians use brand and generic names of drugs, how the use of terminology changes over time, and factors associated with this change.Methods:This was a serial cross-sectional study using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey in 1993/1994 and 2003/2004. Over the 4 study years, data were collected on 376,383 subjects. Using forms completed by physicians that described medication regimens, we determined the proportion of drug names that were recorded using brand vs nonproprietary (ie, generic) terminology.Results:In 1993/1994, the 25 most commonly mentioned drugs were referred to by their brand names a median of 89% of the time. Over the ensuing decade...
What Follow-Up Studies Say About Postschool Life for Young Men and Women with Learning Disabilities A Critical Look at the Literature

Follow-up studies examining the outcomes for children and youth with learning disabilities who attended special education have appeared in the literature for decades. As American society becomes more technologically advanced and competitive, postsecondary school opportunities and subsequent employment choices that are meaningful and provide a livable wage teeter out of the reach of young people with learning disabilities. Follow-up study investigators seek to understand how to better prepare youth to meet these challenges by studying their long-term outcomes. The authors review data from 13 frequently referenced follow-up studies regarding postschool outcomes, postsecondary education, and employment, with attention to gender differences, for youth with learning disabilities who were served by and graduated from special education programs nationwide. They take a critical look at contradictions in the findings and discuss five methodological issues that seem to influence the conduct and interpretation of fo...
Timber Marking Costs in Spruce-Fir: Experience on the Penobscot Experimental Forest

In the application of partial harvests, time needs to be allocated to marking trees to be cut. On the Penobscot Experimental Forest located in Maine, eight major experimental treatments have been applied to northern conifer stands for more than 40 yr. Data recorded at the time of marking were used to estimate the time required to mark trees for harvest. A simple linear regression equation is presented that estimates labor hours per acre marked from data on volume marked per acre. North J. Appl. For. 19(1):22-24.
Utility of food-specific IgE concentrations in predicting symptomatic food allergy ☆ ☆☆

Abstract Background: The double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge is considered the gold standard for diagnosing food allergy. However, in a retrospective analysis of children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis and food allergy, discrete food-specific IgE concentrations were established that could predict clinical reactivity to egg, milk, peanut, and fish with greater than 95% certainty. Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the utility of these 95% predictive decision points in a prospective evaluation of food allergy. Methods: Sera from 100 consecutive children and adolescents referred for evaluation of food allergy were analyzed for specific IgE antibodies to egg, milk, peanut, soy, wheat, and fish by using the Pharmacia CAP System FEIA. Food-specific IgE values were compared with history and the results of skin prick tests and food challenges to determine the efficacy of previously established 95% predictive decision points in identifying patients with increased probability of reacting during a specific food challenge. Results: One hundred children (62% male; median age, 3.8 years; range, 0.4-14.3 years) were evaluated for food allergy. The diagnosis of food allergy was established by means of history or oral food challenge. On the basis of the previously established 95% predictive decision points for egg, milk, peanut, and fish allergy, greater than 95% of food allergies diagnosed in this prospective study were correctly identified by quantifying serum food-specific IgE concentrations. Conclusion: In a prospective study of children and adolescents referred for evaluation of food allergy, previously established 95% predictive decision points of food-specific IgE antibody concentrations for 4 major food allergens were effective in predicting clinical reactivity. Quantification of food-specific IgE is a useful test for diagnosing symptomatic allergy to egg, milk, peanut, and fish in the pediatric population and could eliminate the need to perform double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges in a significant number of children. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;107:891-6.)
Students' studying and approaches to learning in introductory biology.

This exploratory study was conducted in an introductory biology course to determine 1) how students used the large lecture environment to create their own learning tasks during studying and 2) whether meaningful learning resulted from the students' efforts. Academic task research from the K–12 education literature and student approaches to learning research from the postsecondary education literature provided the theoretical framework for the mixed methods study. The subject topic was cell division. Findings showed that students 1) valued lectures to develop what they believed to be their own understanding of the topic; 2) deliberately created and engaged in learning tasks for themselves only in preparation for the unit exam; 3) used course resources, cognitive operations, and study strategies that were compatible with surface and strategic, rather than deep, approaches to learning; 4) successfully demonstrated competence in answering familiar test questions aligned with their surface and strategic approaches to studying and learning; and 5) demonstrated limited meaningful understanding of the significance of cell division processes. Implications for introductory biology education are discussed.
Hamiltonian structure and statistically relevant conserved quantities for the truncated Burgers‐Hopf equation

In dynamical systems with intrinsic chaos, many degrees of freedom, and many conserved quantities, a fundamental issue is the statistical relevance of suitable subsets of these conserved quantities in appropriate regimes. The Galerkin truncation of the Burgers-Hopf equation has been introduced recently as a prototype model with solutions exhibiting intrinsic stochasticity and a wide range of correlation scaling behavior that can be predicted successfully by simple scaling arguments. Here it is established that the truncated Burgers-Hopf model is a Hamiltonian system with Hamiltonian given by the integral of the third power. This additional conserved quantity, beyond the energy, has been ignored in previous statistical mechanics studies of this equation. Thus, the question arises of the statistical significance of the Hamiltonian beyond that of the energy. First, an appropriate statistical theory is developed that includes both the energy and Hamiltonian. Then a convergent Monte Carlo algorithm is developed for computing equilibrium statistical distributions. The probability distribution of the Hamiltonian on a microcanonical energy surface is studied through the Monte-Carlo algorithm and leads to the concept of statistically relevant and irrelevant values for the Hamiltonian. Empirical numerical estimates and simple analysis are combined to demonstrate that the statistically relevant values of the Hamiltonian have vanishingly small measure as the number of degrees of freedom increases with fixed mean energy. The predictions of the theory for relevant and irrelevant values for the Hamiltonian are confirmed through systematic numerical simulations. For statistically relevant values of the Hamiltonian, these simulations show a surprising spectral tilt rather than equipartition of energy. This spectral tilt is predicted and confirmed independently by Monte Carlo simulations based on equilibrium statistical mechanics together with a heuristic formula for the tilt. On the other hand, the theoretically predicted correlation scaling law is satisfied both for statistically relevant and irrelevant values of the Hamiltonian with excellent accuracy. The results established here for the Burgers-Hopf model are a prototype for similar issues with significant practical importance in much more complex geophysical applications. Several interesting mathematical problems suggested by this study are mentioned in the final section. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of N3− species on selective acetylene hydrogenation over Pd/SAC catalysts

Abstract Selective hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene is very important for removing a trace amount of acetylene from ethylene. Tuning catalyst acidity is critical for hydrogenation reaction to prevent oligomerization. In this work, NaN3 was introduced to Pd catalyst serving as Lewis base sites. NaN3-Pd/SAC catalysts with different N3− loadings (0–15 wt.%) were prepared by impregnation method and analyzed with BET, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), Fourier-transferred Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, CO pulse chemisorption, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of hydrogen and acetylene. The results showed NaN3 covered some Pd species and increased the reduction temperatures of catalysts. Also NaN3 addition decreased the catalyst surface areas due to blocking some pores on the support. N3− on the catalysts lowered hydrogen adsorption capacity but showed superior adsorption capability for acetylene, the selectivity and conversion of the acetylene hydrogenation was negatively affected by N3− species under the current operation conditions. The amount of the adsorbed hydrogen and the types of acetylene adsorption played important roles for the hydrogenation reaction. This work provides insights on how to prepare an effective catalyst for removing acetylene impurity from ethylene.
Environmental Influences and Intrinsic Dynamics in Adaptive Behavior

Attempts to understand the neural mechanisms underlying animal behavior and attempts to build robots with the versatility and robustness of animals share a great many conceptual challenges. At some level, the challenges faced by all agents operating in the real world exhibit important similarities. This suggests that the biologist seeking to understand the neural mechanisms of animal behavior and the roboticist interested in the construction and control of versatile and robust autonomous robots might have much to learn from one another (Beer et al. 993). Such interactions can take many different forms, from detailed models that attempt to replicate the data on specific neuroethological systems, to abstract models that explore more general issues, to the construction of biologically-based autonomous robots (Maes 1990; Meyer & Wilson 1991; Meyer et al. 1993).
Regulation of Lawyers

This article was written for the second edition of the International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. It begins with a “Definitions” section that notes several reasons why it can be difficult to discuss the topic of the “regulation of lawyers.” First, there is no agreed-upon definition of the term “lawyer.” In jurisdictions that have a unified legal profession, the meaning of the term may be clear, but in jurisdictions that do not have a unified legal profession, one must specify exactly who it is that the term “lawyer” refers to. (See, e.g. solicitors and barristers in England or jurisdictions that do not permit in-house counsel to be licensed “lawyers.”) The “Definitions” section also notes that misunderstandings can occur if one does not realize that there are significant differences among countries with respect to the activities “reserved” to lawyers (called “unauthorized practice of law” in some jurisdictions or the “lawyer’s monopoly”). This issue of reserved activities is necessarily intertwined with the topic of “regulation of lawyers.” The “Definitions” section continues by noting significant differences around the world with respect to the sources and types of lawyer regulation. Thus when one is preparing to research “regulation of lawyers” in another country, one must be prepared to look at regulatory sources that may differ from the sources used in one’s home country. The “Definitions” section also observes that when speaking of “regulation of lawyers,” one must specify the time period of regulation to which one refers and whether one intends to refer to all three stages of lawyer regulation, including the beginning or entry stage (admission), the middle stage of conduct regulation, and the end stage of lawyer discipline. The “Definitions” section concludes by noting the fact that recently, some jurisdictions view themselves as regulating the broader category of “legal services” rather than “lawyers” and thus, for certain jurisdictions, the title of this encyclopedia entry may be incomplete.Following this preliminary discussion, this article discusses the current state of knowledge about lawyer regulation. At the time this article was written, there was no centralized source that identified lawyer regulators in different jurisdictions or the content of that regulation. Thus, this article identified resources that can be useful when researching lawyer regulation. An important source that was published after submission of this article is the IBA’s Global Regulation and Trade in Legal Services Report, http://ssrn.com/abstract=2530064. The article continues with sections on: Sources and Methods of Lawyer Regulation; Changes in Focus and Emphasis over Time; Current and Emerging Directions in Theory and Research; Methodological Problems; and Links to Databases. It concludes with an extensive bibliography. The text includes embedded hotlinks to the sources cited.
The role of patient-provider interactions: Using an accounts framework to explain hospital discharges against medical advice.

The phenomenon of leaving the hospital against medical advice (AMA) despite being quite common and associated with significant deleterious health outcomes remains inadequately understood and addressed. Researchers have identified certain patient characteristics as predictors of AMA discharges, but the patients' reasons for these events have not been comprehensively explored. Moreover, because the medical authority model dominates this research area, providers' experiences of AMA discharges remain unstudied. We examined the AMA discharge from a patient-centered perspective by analyzing the content of notes providers generate to record such events. We analyzed providers' notes for all inpatients with a primary HIV diagnosis (N = 33) that, in 2012, left an urban hospital AMA. Applying the Scott and Lyman accounts framework, we identified that the notes constituted records of providers' and patients' excuses and justifications for failing to meet the expectations of a provider offering patient-centered care and a compliant patient receiving care. Alongside the patients' reasons for leaving AMA, the notes also revealed the providers' reasons for honoring or discrediting the patients' accounts. The style of the accounts and the professional status of the notes' authors enabled us to contextualize the production and sharing of AMA notes in the hospital hierarchy. Conceptualizing AMA notes as dyadic accounts elicited specific factors that challenge the patient-provider relationship, and generated insights on how to strengthen it, and thus decrease the rates of AMA discharges and their associated health effects.
Investigation on Culex pipiens pallens resistance to insecticides in Jiangsu

Objective To investigate Clulex pipiens pallens resistance to four insecticides in Jiangsu province. Methods Distinguishing dosage method. Results Culex pipiens pallens developed over moderate resistance to DDVP in the countries of Zhenjiang,Suzhou and Lianyungang.24 h mortality of three countries were 62.5%,51.7% and 4.7% respectively.It had over moderate resistance to deltamethrin in the cities and 24 h mortality were 76.4%,24.2% and 68.6% respectively.The resistance to cypermethrin was below moderate in both suburb and urban areas.The 24 h mortality of Zhenjiang were 96.4%,94.0%,and 100%,72.9% for Suzhou,79.2%,52.3% for Lianyungang. Conclusion After some insecticides were used to control mosquitoes for a long time in Zhenjiang, Suzhou, and Liangyungang, Culex pipiens pallens had developed obvious resistance to the insecticides. Insecticides should be changed for controlling mosquitoes in these areas.
Multimodality peak lctal vital signs during video-EEG monitoring

Abstract Purpose To assess and compare peak, multimodal ictal vital signs (iVS) during epileptic seizures (ES) and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). Methods Between 4/1/2010 and 4/1/2011, 183 adults had video-EEG monitoring, with 96 consecutive patients meeting inclusion criteria. Heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ), and blood pressure (BP) were obtained at baseline and during an ictus. The motor semiology of each ES and PNES was also assessed. Student t -test, Fischer's Test, Wilcoxon Test ( p = Results The 46 patients with ES and 50 patients with PNES had similar baseline VS. Generalized tonic-clonic ES had the highest absolute iVS. ES yielded a higher absolute ictal HR ( p =0.0004) and lower SaO 2 nadir ( p =0.003) than PNES. Systolic and diastolic BP did not differ between groups ( p =NS). The upper ranges of iS-BP attained a maximum value of 195/135mm Hg in ES and 208/128mmHg in PNES. For ES, the change in ictal HR was inversely correlated with a reduction in ictal SaO 2 (CC= -0.4; p =0.003). In PNES, ictal HR correlated with systolic BP (CC=0.6; p = 2 . Conclusion The inverse relationship between ictal HR and ictal SaO 2 in ES suggests a neurobiological difference, and the concept of intrinsic cardio-respiratory dysfunction in patients with epilepsy. The significantly raised peak elevations in ictal HR and ictal systolic BP during PNES demonstrates the potential for serious adverse outcomes if attacks are prolonged.
WALD-Kernel: A method for learning sequential detectors

We consider the problem of training a binary sequential classifier under an error rate constraint. It is well known that for known densities, accumulating the likelihood ratio statistics is time optimal under a fixed error rate constraint. For the case of unknown densities, we formulate the learning for sequential detection problem as a constrained density ratio estimation problem. Specifically, we show that the problem can be posed as a convex optimization problem using a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) representation for the log-density ratio function. The proposed binary sequential classifier is tested on a synthetic data set and four real world data sets, together with previous approaches for density ratio estimation. Our empirical results show that the classifier trained through the proposed technique achieves smaller average sampling cost than previous classifiers proposed in the literature for the same error rate.
Improving Smartphone Users' Affect and Wellbeing with Personalized Positive Psychology Interventions

We developed a smartphone application that detects users' affect and provides personalized positive psychology interventions in order to enhance users' psychological wellbeing. Users' emotional states were measured by analyzing facial expressions and the sentiment of SMS messages. A virtual character in the application prompted users to verbally journal about their day by providing three positive psychology interventions. The system used a Markov Decision Process (MDP) model and a State-Action-Reward-State-Action (SARSA) algorithm to learn users' preferences about the positive psychology interventions. Nine participants were recruited for an experimental study to test the application. They used it daily for three weeks. The interactive journaling activity increased participants' arousal and valence levels immediately following each interaction, and we saw a trend toward improved self-acceptance levels over the three week period. The interaction duration increased significantly throughout the study as well. The qualitative analysis on journal entries showed that the application users explored and reflected on various aspects of themselves by looking at daily events, and found novel appreciation for and meanings in their daily routine.
Chapter 16 – Pediatric Lung Disease

Pulmonary pediatric disease is an area that many adult pulmonologists are not well exposed to. There have been recent advances in the classification of these disorders and many patients with pediatric disease are surviving into adulthood.
Adaptation as Reciprocal Dynamic

My interest in human adaptation follows from my efforts to understand neurodiversity. This topic has occupied my attention informally for nearly 30 years and has become, within the last decade, a focus of inquiry for me across a series of autobiographical, theoretical, and empirical papers. I was forced to take on this topic during the youth of my daughter, who began exhibiting unusual behaviors early in life, ultimately being diagnosed with a number of what are known as mental illnesses and neurodivergent conditions: Asperger’s syndrome, Tourette’s syndrome, severe chronic anxiety, depression, oppositional defiance disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, as they are known in the diagnostic community. The charming manner in which she would, as a child, arrange her dolls and other belongings in well-ordered patterns in various rooms of our house eventually manifested itself in other ways that began to get our attention. Ultimately, it led us to consult with medical, psychotherapeutic, and psychological interventionists who provided various combinations of pharmaceuticals and interactive therapies designed to temper her extreme tendencies, which at times could be alarming and destructive.
Evaluation of [ 18 F]-ATRi as PET tracer for in vivo imaging of ATR in mouse models of brain cancer.

Abstract Rationale Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) threonine serine kinase is one of the key elements in orchestrating the DNA damage response (DDR). As such, inhibition of ATR can amplify the effects of chemo- and radiation-therapy, and several ATR inhibitors (ATRi) have already undergone clinical testing in cancer. For more accurate patient selection, monitoring and staging, real-time in vivo imaging of ATR could be invaluable; the development of appropriate imaging agents has remained a major challenge. Methods 3-amino- N -(4-[ 18 F]phenyl)-6-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide ([ 18 F]-ATRi), a close analogue of Ve-821, (a clinical ATRi candidate), was readily accomplished similarly to already established synthetic procedures. Structurally, 18 F was introduced at the 4-position of the aromatic ring of Ve-821 for generating a labeled ATR inhibitor. In vitro experiments were conducted in U251 MG glioblastoma cell lines and ex vivo biodistribution were performed in subcutaneous U251 MG xenograft bearing athymic nude mice following microPET imaging. Results [ 18 F]-ATRi has a similar pharmacokinetic profile to that of Ve-821. Using an U251 MG glioblastoma mouse model, we evaluated the in vivo binding efficiency of [ 18 F]-ATRi. Blood and tumor showed a statistically significant difference between mice injected with only the probe or following blocking experiment with Ve-821 (1.48±0.40%ID/g vs. 0.46±0.12%ID/g in tumor and 1.85±0.47%ID/g vs. 0.84±0.3%ID/g in blood respectively). Conclusions [ 18 F]-ATRi represents the first 18 F positron emission tomography (PET) ATR imaging agent, and is designed on a low nanomolar and clinically relevant ATR inhibitor.
Outcomes of Partnered Individuals Undergoing Bariatric Surgery Together: A Single Institution Case Series

There exists marked variation in weight loss among the 200,000 annual bariatric patients, and many of these patients struggle with weight regain. Several studies have suggested that positive social support may significantly impact bariatric surgery outcomes, leading to more excess weight loss and maintenance of this weight loss through appropriate lifestyle changes. We sought to understand this by assessing clinical and behavioral outcomes among married couples whereby both spouses underwent bariatric surgery at our institution. In our case series, we found evidence that married couples meet or exceed postoperative weight loss milestones at 12, 18, and 24 months and did not show signs of weight regain as a group at 18 or 24 months. Among partners who underwent the same clinical pathway at our single institution, women tended to lose more weight than men at 12 months. Additionally, while there was significant variation in postoperative follow-up among patients, we found that partners within couples typically exhibited the same behavior with respect to postoperative visits when they had their surgeries within a year of each other. This case series suggests that partnered patients undergoing bariatric surgery can meet or exceed weight loss outcomes and may practice similar follow-up adherence.
Lymph Node Dissection for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Lymph node dissection is commonly required as either initial or salvage treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer. This chapter reviews the lymphatic anatomy of the neck and the frequency of nodal involvement in differentiated thyroid cancer and reviews the indications for lymphadenectomy, including the controversial utility of prophylactic nodal dissections. The chapter provides extensive details regarding the technical aspects of both central and lateral compartment lymph node dissections.
Cervicomental "turkey gobbler": a new source for full-thickness grafts.

A LARGE NUMBER of sources for full-thickness grafts have been described. The concepts of adapting liposuction techniques from cosmetic surgery to reconstructive surgery, especially with flap reconstructions, have been well documented by this author and others in many forums over many years.1–7 However, obtaining the excess skin of the lower neck in those patients with “turkey gobbler” deformities utilizing liposuction aspiration and dissection techniques has not been previously documented. This same approach might at times be valuable in very obese necks with excessively redundant skin as well.
A familiar Friend: The Impacts of the Master's Thesis over Four Formative Career Phases.

ABSTRACTOver the course of my career, I have experienced the thesis in different ways. This reflection paper will relay my encounters with what I am calling “thesis-objects” (to borrow a concept from object relations). I encountered the thesis-objects at different phases of my professional development: when I was a student, a supervisor for Smith MSW students, a PhD applicant, and chair of the Alumni Thesis Award Committee. My relationship with each thesis-object has refined me and granted me new perspective and personal growth. When I was a student, the thesis was a coach helping me develop tools to answer important questions. When I was a supervisor, the thesis was a bridge-builder, strengthening my relationships with supervisees. Then, when I was a PhD applicant, the thesis was a door-opener, providing me means to access PhD opportunities. Now that I am a chair, the thesis is a teacher opening my eyes to new intellectual terrain and pressing social problems.
Electroconvulsive Therapy: Indications, Use, and Adverse Effects

In this chapter, we discuss indications, pre-electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) evaluations, concurrent use of ECT and psychotropic medications, right unilateral ultra-brief pulse wave ECT, methods of ECT administration, adverse reactions, methods of management for those who fail to respond to the index ECT treatment, continuation of ECT, and maintenance of ECT. The primary focus is for those psychiatrists who refer their patients to an ECT specialist. A brief summary for the newly emerging right unilateral ultra-brief pulse wave ECT has been incorporated.
Mosquito larval habitat model: a complete climate-driven approach

In biological modeling, accurate modeling of the life cycle of an organism needs to account for the complexity of the organism, as well as the interactions between the organism and its environment. Mosquitoes are an organism commonly modeled as a vector for disease transmission. A wide range of habitats, depending on species and location, make mosquitoes an interesting and challenging organism to model. In this paper, we focus on modeling the mosquito larval habitat, which directly determines the amount of adult mosquitoes available to transmit disease. We developed a model intended to represent all of the possible climate-driven larval habitats available throughout the world. We explore various water storage equations for use within our model, then use a particular combination of a subset of these equations in our approach. Our study results include qualitative and quantitative comparisons. They show that our new model is capable of modeling natural, real-world habitats.
Direct extraction of spatial correlation functions from limited x-ray tomography data for microstructural quantification

Abstract Accurately quantifying the microstructure of a heterogeneous material is crucial to establishing quantitative structure-property relations for material optimization and design. There is a preponderance of previous work focused on structural quantification based on 2D images and reconstructed 3D volumes obtained via different imaging techniques. Here, we introduce novel procedures that allow one to extract key structural information in the form of spatial correlation functions from limited x-ray tomography data. In the case where only a very small number of x-ray tomographic radiographs (projections) are available, we derive a formalism based on the Fourier slice theorem to compute angularly averaged correlation functions directly from the radiographs. When a larger number of projections are available, we develop a procedure to extract full vector-based correlation functions. The key component of this procedure is the computation of a “probability map,” which provides the probability of an arbitrary point in the material system belonging to a specific phase, via inverse superposition of the scaled attenuation intensities available in the tomography projections. The correlation functions of interest are then computed based on their corresponding probability interpretations from the probability map. The utilities of both of our procedures are demonstrated by obtaining lower-order correlation functions (including both the standard two-point correlation functions and non-standard surface functions) for a tin-clay composite material from both parallel-beam (synchrotron) and cone-beam (lab-scale) x-ray tomography projection data sets. Our procedure directly transforms the key morphological information contained in limited x-ray tomography projections to a more efficient, understandable, and usable form.
Symbolic Exits from Trauma? War Crimes Tribunals, Sexual Violence and Juridical Performances of Healing

My paper critically engages the ad hoc tribunals of Yugoslavia and Rwandaâs adjudication of sexual violence, using Shoshana Felmanâs account of âhistoric trialsâ as a point of departure. Felman claims that post-atrocity trials can function as new paradigms of justice that go far beyond meting out punishment; they also perform what she characterizes as âsymbolic exit[s] from the injuries of traumatic history.â(1) By way of close readings of trial judgments, I consider the ways in which gender and trauma are figured in particular landmark cases. I argue that, rather than providing a stage upon which catharsis can be attained by collective and individual victims, the trails can at times occassion their own forms of symbolic gendered violence. (1). Felman, Shoshana. The Juridical Unconscious, New York: Routledge, 2002.
Davener's dermatosis.

An 11-year-old boy presented with slowly enlarging hyperpigmented patches on the lower back since the age of 5 years old. Family history was unremarkable. Further history revealed that he was constantly rubbing his back against the back of chairs since he was younger. On examination, he had a thin build, with three circular hyperpigmented brownish patches over the lower back in the midline above the …
Migrating Banda/Bandera Sonoras: Musical Affiliation and Performances of Passing in Indocumentados…el otro merengue

Este articulo analiza como Indocumentados…el otro merengue, obra teatral de Jose Luis Ramos Escobar, capta las tensiones que caracterizan a los actos migratorios caribenos y las consiguientes articulaciones identitarias. Ambientada en Nueva York, la obra explora los sentimientos de (no) pertenencia y las diferencias socio-culturales entre puertorriquenos y dominicanos expresados mediante el lenguaje, el racismo y los gustos musicales. El protagonista capta esta complejidad cuando compra los documentos de un puertorriqueno fallecido y deja de ser un dominicano indocumentado, Para examinar estas transformaciones, se utilizaran conceptos teoricos provenientes de los estudios performativos, queer y musicales.