cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tamoxifen-induced increase in cytosol progestin receptor levels in a case of metastatic endometrial cancer

A patient with endometrial carcinoma metastatic to the groin has had serial cytosol estrogen (ERc) and progestin (PRc) receptor determinations during hormonal therapy. The primary lesion was well differentiated and a left iliac node metastasis had high ERc and borderline PRc levels. PRc levels increased substantially in a subsequently appearing right groin metastasis at three times during the clinical course when the patient was treated with the antiestrogen tamoxifen. The patient had a partial response to the first course of tamoxifen and at one later time briefly had stabilized disease on tamoxifen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate. Tamoxifen with and without progestin should be further evaluated in the treatment of endometrial carcinoma.
W(p,t) reactions. I. Even targets

Data for two-nucleon transfer reactions on even tungsten nuclei are presented. Several systematic features emerge from the data and are discussed in detail. These include the influence of multistep processes on angular distribution shapes. The systematic behavior of excited ${0}^{+}$ strengths is shown to arise from two types of excitation, one associated with a subshell gap at $N=108$, the other being of the pairing isomer type.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{186,184,182,180}\mathrm{W}$($p$,$t$), ${E}_{p}=21$ MeV; measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}({E}_{t},\ensuremath{\Theta})$. $^{180}\mathrm{W}$($t$,$p$); ${E}_{t}=15$ MeV; measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}({E}_{p},\ensuremath{\Theta})$. $^{184,\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}182,\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}180,\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}178}\mathrm{W}$ deduced levels, $L$, $\ensuremath{\pi}$, $J$. Nuclear structure analysis.
Severe depletion in liver glutathione during physical exercise

Summary Physical exercise at submaximal levels in rats results in a progressive depletion of liver glutathione to about 20% of the levels found in sedentary controls which persists for several hours following the cessation of exercise. Skeletal muscle appears to be spared this severe depletion phenomenon. The levels of plasma glutathione show a transient increase at the beginning of the exercise bout followed by a linear decrease with increased running time of the animals. These results may be particularly relevant when attempting to understand the effects of physical exercise on a large number of cellular and organismal functions that are known or suspected to depend critically on the glutathione status of the liver.
Host-guest effects in the interaction of developers with phenolic resins

NMR-spectroscopic evidence is presented for a strong interaction between polyphenolates and various onium ion species (i.e., tetramethylammonium, tetramethylphosphonium and trimethylsulfonium salts). In model compounds, a large decrease in solubility leading to precipitation is observed for a mixed Na/TMA+ complex. The formation of onium/phenolate complexes explains such diverse phenomena as the mutual poisoning of metal-ion free and metal ion containing developers, the behavior of developers containing quaternary ammonium surfactants, the anomalous temperature effects observed for tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) developers, or the dissolution inhibition effect of triarylsulfonium photoacid generators.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Selective adenosine agonists and myocardial perfusion imaging

Selective adenosine receptor agonists have several advantages for use as stress agents in conjunction with myocardial perfusion imaging compared to the non selective agents such as adenosine and dipyridamole. This review will summarize the pre-clinical and clinical data on the selective adenosine agonist stress agents regadenoson (Lexiscan®), binodenoson (CorVue™) and apadenoson (Stedivaze™) that have been studied so far with focus on regadenoson that has the most clinical data published so far. The article will review the adenosine receptor types and properties. It will also review the various attributes of the selective adenosine agonists including their pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, their coronary vasodilatory and hemodynamic effects, their safety and side effects, their interactions with other drugs and their use with myocardial perfusion imaging. The landmark trials of the selective adenosine agonists will be reviewed as well as their use in special patient populations undergoing stress myocardial perfusion imaging.
Advances in the measurement of career development constructs: A 20-year review

Abstract This article reviews and critiques developments in the measurement of career development constructs between 1971 and 1990. Changing trends in conceptualization, instrumentation, and sampling practices are examined across the career development literature as well as within the Journal of Vocational Behavior . Four substantive career development research areas are covered: stage-based and process-oriented models, career decision making, intervention evaluation, and organizational development and career orientation. Reporting practices listed under Methods are then analyzed. The article concludes with suggestions for future measurement directions.
Confluence: enhancing contextual desktop search

We present Confluence, an enhancement to a desktop file search tool called Confluence which extracts conceptual relationships between files by their temporal access patterns in the file system. A limitation of a purely file-based approach is that as file operations are increasingly abstracted by applications, their correlation to a user's activity weakens and thereby reduces the applicability of their temporal patterns. To deal with this problem, we augment the file event stream with a stream of window focus events from the UI layer. We present 3 algorithms that analyze this new stream, extracting the user's task information which informs the existing Confluence algorithms. We present results and conclusions from a preliminary user study on Confluence.
Predicted interplanetary distribution of Lyman-σ intensity and polarization

Techniques to reduce the uncertainties in model calculations of the interplanetary distribution of Lyman-alpha polarization and intensity are identified. In particular, the applications of a scheme for mapping the degree of linear polarization from a spacecraft at various locations in the Solar System is discussed. A sample calculation of the sky distribution of both intensity and polarization is presented, on the basis of a variety of models for neutral hydrogen. It is found that the polarization distribution over the sky is significantly different from the intensity distribution, and that the maximum degree of polarization of the Lyman-alpha line increases with heliocentric distance from the spacecraft from 0 to about 18 percent at a distance of 20 AU. A schematic drawing is provided in order to illustrate the mapping scheme.
Intramolecular effects of radioiodine decay in o-iodophenol, a model for radioiodinated proteins.

As a model for the chemical effects of the decay of radioiodine in iodinated proteins, [$sup 131$I-$sup 14$C]-o-iodophenol has been synthesized and the iodine-131 allowed to decay in aqueous solutions containing various phenolic additives. Reference samples were also studied in which the radioiodine was added as $sup 131$I$sup -$ to [$sup 127$I-$sup 14$C]-o-iodophenol. Similar products were observed from hydrolytic deiodination of the o-iodophenol, radiolysis of the molecule by external radiation, and as a result of decay of organically bound iodine-131. A mechanism is proposed in which decay of the iodine in [$sup 131$I-$sup 14$C]-o-iodophenol leaves a carbonium ion [C$sub 6$H$sub 4$(OH)$sup +$] which in solution reacts to form catechol. It is postulated that the other products formed are oxidation products of catechol. (auth)
Martensitic Transformation in Sn-Rich SnIn Solder Joints

The Sn-rich portion of the Sn-In phase diagram includes three phases: diamond cubic α-Sn, tetragonal β-Sn, and simple hexagonal γ-InSn. Despite their very different symmetries, the three phases have relatively simple crystallographic relations, which are described and illustrated. The γ-phase is stable at high temperature, and transforms to β-phase on cooling. Quenching leads to a martensitic transformation when the In content is below about 13 wt.%. The Ms temperature decreases linearly with In content, lying between ambient temperature and liquid-nitrogen temperature (77 K) for Sn-(9–11)In. The microstructure of the martensitic β-phase consists of single-variant “blocks” with two variants alternating in packets, as in the “dislocated martensite” structure of steel. This microstructure is preferred since it lowers the elastic energy, given the dyadic form of the γ → β transformation strain. A pronounced martensitic transformation is induced by deformation at temperatures slightly above the Ms, particularly in Sn-9In, and the resulting transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) leads to a significant increase in overall ductility of the joint. Deformation-induced martensite is also produced during the creep of Sn-9In just above the Ms (110°C), leading to a low stress exponent (n ≈ 2) for steady-state creep at intermediate stresses with a large strain to failure. This observation is significant scientifically since it is the first case known to us in which significant TRIP has been found in high-temperature creep.
Axial ratio reduced ultra wideband slot spiral on hybrid impedance surfaces

This paper presents a low-profile ultra wideband slot spiral antenna backed by a hybrid impedance surface. A unique aspect of the spiral is its hybrid impedance surface cavity leading to reduced axial ratio over a wide bandwidth. This is an improvement over conventional cavity-backed wideband spirals. Measurements demonstrated that the slot spiral on the proposed hybrid impedance surface achieved a 10:1 bandwidth from 0.6 to 6 GHz with an axial ratio of <4 dB. The cavity depth is only 13 mm, corresponding to 0.03λ600 MHz at its lowest operational frequency. As such, this slot spiral is attractive in enabling low-profile ultra wideband antenna with excellent RF performance for conformal and wearable applications.
Giant Coronary Aneurysms in Heart Transplantation: an Unusual Presentation of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy is a leading cause of death during long-term follow-up of heart transplant recipients. We report 2 cases of cardiac allograft vasculopathy associated with giant coronary aneurysms. To our knowledge, these are the first reported cases of spontaneous giant coronary aneurysms in heart transplant recipients.
Tolerance to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid in NZB-NZW mice.

Immunological tolerance to polyinosinic • polycytidylic acid was induced in NZB/ NZW mice. This is the first experimental induction of tolerance to a nucleic antigen.
Novel roles for chemokines and fibroblasts in interstitial fibrosis

Novel roles for chemokines and fibroblasts in interstitial fibrosis. Background Regardless of its involvement in either wound healing or excessive fibrosis, the interstitial fibroblast can now be considered an important early participant in inflammatory responses. Although it is recognized that certain immune cells and proinflammatory mediators are intricately linked to fibrotic disease, little is presently known about the manner in which these mediators and cells are orchestrated to a fibrotic finale. Experimental studies have shown that interstitial fibroblasts are capable of participating in an inflammatory response by promoting direct fibroblast-to-immune cell communication and/or modulating the release of soluble mediators that are mutually recognized by both types of cells. Methods Primary cultures of murine fibroblasts were recovered from either normal tissue or tissue undergoing a cell-mediated inflammatory response. These stromal cells were assessed for the expression of various cytokines and chemokines indicative of a type 1 or type 2 response. In addition, the fibroblasts were co-cultured with mononuclear cells to assess the cell-to-cell communication. Results Fibroblasts recovered from different cell-mediated inflammatory responses demonstrated a dramatic alteration in their cytokine profile. Fibroblasts recovered from the type 2 immune response produced high levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), as compared to the normal fibroblasts and fibroblasts recovered from the type 1 lesion. Mononuclear cells co-cultured with fibroblasts induced a contact-dependent expression of elevated levels of chemokines, especially the macrophage-derived MIP-1 alpha. Thus, both fibroblasts themselves and fibroblasts co-cultured with immune-inflammatory cells have the ability to participate in the maintenance of an inflammatory response via the expression of chemokines. Conclusions Our laboratory and others have addressed the role of chemotactic cytokines or chemokines in the fibrotic process, and have demonstrated that fibroblasts are capable of modulating the activation of various immune cells that have been implicated in fibrotic disease. In addition, the interstitial fibroblast is capable of regulating its own behavior within the interstitial environment via the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors. Thus, novel strategies aimed at preventing fibrotic disease will likely need to address the early engagement of inflammatory cells by fibroblasts, and possibly modulate the ability of fibroblasts to generate and/or recognize profibrotic signals supplied by chemokines.
Hospital utilization, costs, and mortality for adults with multiple chronic conditions, Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 2009.

Objective Our objective was to provide a national estimate across all payers of the distribution and cost of selected chronic conditions for hospitalized adults in 2009, stratified by demographic characteristics. Analysis We analyzed the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), the largest all-payer inpatient database in the United States. Use, cost, and mortality estimates across payer, age, sex, and race/ethnicity are produced for grouped or multiple chronic conditions (MCC). The 5 most common dyads and triads were determined. Results In 2009, there were approximately 28 million adult discharges from US hospitals other than those related to pregnancy and maternity; 39% had 2 to 3 MCC, and 33% had 4 or more. A higher number of MCC was associated with higher mortality, use of services, and average cost. The percentages of Medicaid, privately insured patients, and ethnic/racial groups with 4 or more MCC were highly sensitive to age. Summary This descriptive analysis of multipayer inpatient data provides a robust national view of the substantial use and costs among adults hospitalized with MCC.
Space-time discounting in climate change adaptation

Discounting is traditionally interpreted as the technique for comparing the values of costs and benefits which occur at different points in time. It endeavors to incorporate how humans trade off values to be received in the future versus value received immediately into economic analysis. Interpreted as such, discounting neglects important spatial influences on how values are compared, thereby hindering cost-benefit analyses of climate change adaptation. In this article, we present new theory on space-time discounting and use it to analyze aspects of how humans adapt to climate change. Three climate change adaptation cases are considered. First, analysis of crop indemnity payments to farmers shows that failure to discount across space and time yields inaccurate evaluations of adaptation projects. Second, adaptation efforts of the Commonwealth of Nations show irregular patterns of international cooperation that suggest spatial discounting of adaptation which are not found in temporal discounting. Third, the nexus between climate change, migration, and conflict shows how various forms of space-time discounting can influence whether climate change and migration will lead to conflict. Collectively, these cases demonstrate the analytical power of the space-time discounting theory and also show how the complexity of climate change adaptation can challenge and strengthen this theory. Finally, this article’s analysis demonstrates that proper discounting must include space as well as time.
The Browser as a Document Composition Engine

Printing has long been a neglected aspect of the Web, and the print function of browsers, when used on documents designed for on-screen consumption, often leads to a poor result. Whereas print CSS goes some way towards optimizing the paper experience, it still does not enable full control over the page layout, which is necessary to obtain a publication-quality print result. Furthermore, its use requires web authors to invest additional resources for a feature that might only be used infrequently. This paper introduces a framework designed to alleviate these issues and improve the print experience on the Web. We describe the technologies that enable us to automatically compose and optimize the layout of a document, and generate a high quality PDF fully within the browser. This functionality can be offered to web publishers in the form of a print button, enabling content to be simultaneously delivered in screen and print formats, and ensuring a publication-quality result that adheres to the publisher's design guidelines.
Does Public Participation Really Matter in Public Lands Management? Some Evidence From a National Forest

This study offers evidence concerning the efficacy of public participation in influencing the policy outcomes of the United States Forest Service, focusing on the decisions of the Siskiyou National Forest over a nine-year period. This study examines participants' experiences with the process and compares outcomes in this forest in relation to the level of participation which accompanied each decision. What was found was that: (1) participants tended to be quite skeptical about Forest Service motives and felt inefficacious regarding their own participation, and (2) decisions featuring increased levels of environmentalist input did seem to nudge policy decisions away from the most anti-environmental, pro-commodity positions, but only to a point, after which increased input seemed to accomplish little.
Visible light-driven aerobic oxidation catalyzed by a diiron(IV) μ-oxo biscorrole complex

Abstract Under visible light irradiation, the diiron(IV) μ-oxo-bis(5,10,15-tripentafluorophenylcorrole) complex catalyzes the aerobic oxidations of hydrocarbons in sequences employing photo-disproportionation reactions. The active oxidant, highly reactive corrole-iron(V)-oxo species, can be detected in real time via laser flash photolysis methods.
Laser Action from a 2,6,8-Position Trisubstituted 1,3,5,7-Tetramethylpyrromethene-BF(2) Complex: Part 3.

Some laser action properties of a new Pyrromethene-BF2 complex, 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-ethyl-2,6-dicyanopyrromethene-BF2 complex are reported. This laser dye exhibits laser action in the green–yellow portion of the spectrum, and its laser action efficiency was ∼350% higher compared with Coumarin 545. Exceptional photostability of the new laser dye was observed when a mixture of 1,4-dioxane:heptane ratio of 1:4 was used as the solvent. Further, it is suggested that dye lasers can be upscaled to high average power output when surface-emitting laser diode arrays are used as pump (excitation) sources.
Incivility and Standing Firm: A Second Layer of Partisan Division

Political observers have detected a noticeable uptick in American political incivility in recent years, culminating with several moderate senators recently citing the rise of hard-core partisanship as the reason for their retirement. Supporting these accusations of unprecedented incivility with empirical evidence can be difficult, as notions of what constitutes appropriate, civil behavior are subjective and can vary across the political context of different eras. Was it more uncivil, for example, for William Jennings Bryan to accuse his political opponents of crucifying other Americans on a cross of gold than it was for a member of Congress to yell “You lie!” at the president in the nation's Capitol? Assessing the incivility of these statements requires determining the effect each had on political opponents' abilities to maintain a functional relationship despite their disagreement over policy outcomes. Nevertheless, many politicians, political observers, and scholars are truly concerned that current levels of incivility are indeed worse, not only damaging the ability to resolve complex public problems, but threatening the long-term stability of America's governing institutions. Largely focusing on changes in institutional structures and elite behavior, scholars identify numerous explanations for this trend.
Derivation of murine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) and assessment of their differentiation toward osteogenic lineage

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have generated hope and excitement because of the potential they possess for generating patient-specific embryonic-like stem cells (ESCs). Although many hurdles remain to be solved before the cells can be applied clinically; studies directed toward understanding factors that control differentiation of the cells toward various cell lineages are prerequisites for their future application. In the present study, we generated murine iPSC and assessed their differentiation toward osteogenic lineage. Murine tail tip fibroblasts were reprogrammed into embryonic-like state by transduction with defined factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc, and klf4) carried in a retroviral vector. The reprogrammed cells expressed ESC markers, gave rise to three germ layers as demonstrated by teratoma formation and immunofluorescence staining. These data confirmed that the reprogrammed cells exhibited ESC-like state. Treatment of iPSCs-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) in the presence of retinoic acid enhanced generation of MSC-like cells. The MSCs-like cells expressed putative makers associated with MSCs; the cells deposited calcium in vitro when cultured in osteogenic medium. Interestingly MSCs-like cells generated from iPSC directed EBs by treatment with retinoic acid and TGF-beta1 deposited more calcium in vitro than cells derived without TGF-beta1 treatment. Taken together, the data demonstrate that iPSC give rise to MSCs-like state and that the cells have potential to differentiate toward osteoblasts. In addition, brief treatment of iPSC-derived EBs with TGF-beta1 may be an approach for directing iPSC toward MSC-like state.
‘Acid rain’, dissolved aluminum and chemical weathering at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire

Abstract Contemporary ‘acid rain’ in the Hubbard Brook ecosystem has induced a series of geochemical responses. Neutralization is accomplished in essentially a 2-step process. Initially, hydrogen ion acidity is neutralized by the dissolution of reactive alumina primarilly found in the soil zone. In the Hubbard Brook area this reactive alumina has solution properties much like natural gibbsite. Aluminum-rich surface waters with a pH of 4.7 5.2 are typical of this neutralization stage. In a second step, both hydrogen ion acidity and aluminum acidity are neutralized by the chemical weathering of primary silicate minerals, i.e. by the alkali and alkaline earths contained in the bedrock and glacial till of the watershed. The chemical weathering reaction is much slower than the alumina dissolution reaction, so that the aluminum acidity stage (pH 4.7 5.2) may persist for substantial periods. Typically, however, in the Hubbard Brook area the aluminum acidity has been neutralized and a pH > 5.2 is obtained before surface waters reach a third-over stream channel. Because of the relatively low pH's throughout the soil zone and in the streamwater, carbonic acid reactions are essentially absent at the present time in the Hubbard Brook system. Water pathlength (or residence time) in the soil zone is the crucial factor in the state of acid rain neutralization, aluminum chemistry and chemical weathering. As measured by the losses of alkali and alkaline earths from the ecosystem, chemical weathering rate in the Hubhard Brook area at the present time is not especially high relative to other areas.
Predictors for the Development of Referral-Warranted Retinopathy of Prematurity in the Telemedicine Approaches to Evaluating Acute-Phase Retinopathy of Prematurity (e-ROP) Study

Importance Detection of treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) involves serial eye examinations. An ROP prediction model using predictive factors could identify high-risk infants and reduce required eye examinations. Objective To determine predictive factors for the development of referral-warranted (RW) ROP. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter observational cohort study included secondary analysis of data from the Telemedicine Approaches to Evaluating Acute-Phase Retinopathy of Prematurity Study. Infants included in the study had a birth weight (BW) of less than 1251 g. Exposures Serial ROP examinations of premature infants who had 2 or more ROP examinations. Main Outcomes and Measures Incidence of RW-ROP (defined as the presence of plus disease, zone I ROP, or ROP stage 3 or greater in either eye) and associations with predictive factors. Results Among 979 infants without RW-ROP at first study-related eye examination (median postmenstrual age, 33 weeks; range, 29-40 weeks) who underwent at least 2 eye examinations, 149 (15.2%) developed RW-ROP. In a multivariate model, significant predictors for RW-ROP were male sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.80; 95% CI, 1.13-2.86 vs female), nonblack race (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.50-5.08 for white vs black race and OR, 4.81; 95% CI, 2.19-10.6 for other vs black race), low BW (OR, 5.16; 95% CI, 1.12-7.20 for ≤500 g vs >1100 g), younger gestational age (OR, 9.79; 95% CI, 3.49-27.5 for ≤24 weeks vs ≥28 weeks), number of quadrants with preplus disease (OR, 7.12; 95% CI, 2.53-20.1 for 1-2 quadrants and OR, 18.4; 95% CI, 4.28-79.4 for 3-4 quadrants vs no preplus disease), stage 2 ROP (OR, 4.13; 95% CI, 2.13-8.00 vs no ROP), the presence of retinal hemorrhage (OR, 4.36; 95% CI, 1.57-12.1 vs absence), the need for respiratory support (OR, 4.99; 95% CI, 1.89-13.2 for the need for controlled mechanical ventilator; OR, 11.0; 95% CI, 2.26-53.8 for the need for high-frequency oscillatory ventilation vs no respiratory support), and slow weight gain (OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.22-4.89 for weight gain ≤12 g/d vs >18 g/d). These characteristics predicted the development of RW-ROP significantly better than BW and gestational age (area under receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.88 vs 0.78; P Conclusions and Relevance When controlling for very low BW and prematurity, the presence of preplus disease, stage 2 ROP, retinal hemorrhage, and the need for ventilation at time of first study-related eye examination were strong independent predictors for RW-ROP. These predictors may help identify infants in need of timely eye examinations.
Computer renormalization-group calculation for the fractionally quantized Hall effect

Results of a computer renormalization-group calculation for electrons in a magnetic field are presented for clusters with up to 16 electrons for the (1/3)-filled case for the first time. The structure factor is computed. We found a ``Bragg-like'' peak at a finite wave vector. The height of this peak increases as the system size is increased. This behavior is different from that of the Laughlin fluid but is much closer to that of a quasisolid.
Vaporization thermodynamics of aluminum carbide

Abstract The vapor pressure of aluminum carbide has been measured over the temperature range 1321 to 1607 K using Knudsen-effusion mass spectrometry. Vaporization occurs incongruently to give Al(g) and graphite as reaction products. The vapor pressure of aluminum above the (Al4C3+C) mixture over the experimental temperature range is ( R J K − mol − ) 1n ( p Pa )= −(3.4470±0.036)× 10 5 ( K T ) + (218.518±2.470) The third-law enthalpy for the reaction: Al4C3(s) = 4Al(g)+3C(s), obtained from the present vapor pressures is ΔHo(298.15 K) = (1493 ± 1) kJ mol−1. The corresponding second-law result is ΔHo(298.15 K) = (1408 ± 14) kJ mol−1. The enthalpy of formation of Al4C3(s) calculated from the present third-law vaporization enthalpy and the enthalpy of formation of Al(g) is ΔHfo(Al4C3, s, 298.15 K) = −(187 ± 34) kJ mol−1.
Effects of external ear canal pressure on the middle-ear muscle reflex threshold.

Twenty normal-hearing individuals served as subjects in an experiment designed to determine the relationships between positive and negative air pressure in the external auditory canal and the intensity required to elicit the acoustic reflex. Pressure was varied from +240 to −240 mm H2O. Changes in the magnitude of acoustic impedance were measured on an acoustic impedance meter and displayed graphically on a Y-T recorder. As air pressure was varied in the canal and the tympanic membrane was displaced from its position of greatest compliance, systematic increases in the intensity required to elicit the reflexes were noted. The magnitude of the differences was smaller than might have been anticipated, not exceeding a mean of 5.1 dB at −240 mm H2O.
Application of measured twinax cable S-parameters for transient circuit simulations

Practical methods of making use of measured twinax cable S-parameters for transient circuit simulations are discussed and compared. Due to extremely long delay of the cable, most available tools fail or give inaccurate simulation results if we use the measured S-Parameters directly. Careful verification is absolutely necessary for any tool. For complex tasks like the worst-case eye diagram with nonlinear I/O devices, we still need more accurate and faster methodologies. This long delay case has been accepted as a very good benchmark for testing S-parameter based SPICE modeling tools and the transient simulation tools implemented with the S-parameter convolution method.
Improved dual-carrier high gain impact ionization engineered avalanche photodiode

Avalanche photodiodes (APDs), which have light detection and amplification combined in a single stage, are crucial for infrared detection. They operate at a relatively high reverse bias to enable avalanche multiplication from impact ionization of electrons and holes. However, avalanche multiplication process can contribute to excess noise, which results from the non-uniformity of ionization of individual carriers. Based on McIntyre's Theory [1], one important key to minimize excess noise is to make impact ionization coefficient ratio, k, zero or infinity, which is pure electron or hole multiplication. Based on previous work [2], multiple novel dual carrier multiplication structures are simulated for the study of gain and excess noise factor. Such structures can achieve much higher gain compared to conventional APDs while minimizing excess noise factor through localization of impact ionization in thin multiplication layers.
Urban African American Adolescents and Adultification

Historically, African American adolescents have experienced higher rates of victimization and disenfranchisement compared to other subgroups in contemporary American society. Several theories exist that attempt to explicate factors that differentiated youth with positive adaptations from those with negative adaptations. Using a sample of African American youth living in urban public housing (N = 238), we contribute to this body of research by assessing whether or not adultification and community cohesion buffer the effects of exposure to deviant peers and neighborhood hazard on depressive symptoms. Results suggest that adultification and perceived community cohesion moderate the effects of delinquent peers and neighborhood risk on depressive symptoms in this vulnerable population of urban youth. Implications for policy, social work practice, and future inquiry are discussed.
Mediating the good life: prostitution and the Japanese Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1880s–1920s

This article examines how the Japanese Woman's Christian Temperance Union, in the name of promoting liberty and rights of women in their relations with men, constructed hierarchies to ascribe value to themselves through moral condemnation. The JWCTU used extramarital sex as a political issue to strengthen the position of the legal wife in the household as opposed to the concubine and prostitute. Their efforts to prohibit Japanese women from going abroad as prostitutes, while understood as an attempt to end a system of slavery that violated the inherent rights of Japanese womanhood, was actually a desire to regulate the behaviour of the poor. The JWCTU based its moral reform agenda on the importance of premarital chastity, strict monogamy and the obligation to work for the good of the nation. Its construction of prostitution as evil represents an important strand in the history of the relationship between prostitution and family as a socio-political issue in modern Japan.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF A COMPETITOR AND HIS CHANCES OF WINNING THE RACE

Before the election, 112 voters rated Nixon and McGovern on a 7-point attraction scale and evaluated the two men's chances of winning. After the election, the same voters were asked to re-rate the ...
A method of shipping large numbers of pink bollworm adults.

One problem that arises when sterile insects are used for insect control is transportation of the sterilized insects from the rearing facilities to the release areas. It was particularly acute in a recent test made in California with sterile pink bollworms, Peclinophora gossypiella (Saunders). The insects were reared and irradiated at Brownsville, Tex., and then shipped as adults from Brownsville for release at Indio and Bakersfield, Calif.
The Wyoming Jurassic fossil Dentalium subquadratum Meek, 1860 is not a scaphopod but a serpulid worm tube

Since 1860, the record of Jurassic scaphopod mollusks has included Dentalium subquadratum from Wyoming. Restudy of F. B. Meek's type material indicates that the small, arcuate, tapered tubes lack definitive scaphopod characters. Instead, they resemble shells built by serpulid worms (Polychaeta) of the genus Hamulus , so D. subquadratum Meek, 1860 is here transferred to Hamulus subquadratus (Meek, 1860). Fieldwork indicates that Meek's syntype slab came from the Redwater Shale Member (Oxfordian) of the Sundance Formation, 14 mi (22.5 km) southwest of Casper, Wyoming.
Production of three crayfish populations in the New River of West Virginia, USA

Annual production of age-1 and age-2 crayfish of three populations in the New River, West Virginia, was quantified and then compared to previously reported harvest of crayfish by a bait fishery. Sampling of crayfish within circular plots and age and growth analyses aided estimation of crayfish production. Orconectes sanbornii sanbornii has a two-year life cycle, and Cambarus sciotensis and Orconectes virilis had three-year life cycles. Production by age-1 and age-2 crayfish (all species) was about 7.0 g live weight m−2 yr−1; almost half of this production was by C. sciotensis. Greater crayfish density and therefore production occurred in riffles than in pools. Annual crayfish harvest by anglers and commercial catchers was equivalent to about 5% of annual crayfish production.
The Power of Image-Makers: Representation and Revenge in Ovid Metamorphoses 6 and Tristia 4

Abstract This essay focuses on the competing representational projects of poet and emperor as represented (or polemically misrepresented) in Ovid9s poetry. I begin by developing two readings of the famous weaving contest of Metamorphoses 6, the first emphasizing Arachne9s will to truth (her exposee of Olympian injustice), the second her will to power (her appropriation of Olympian potency). With these models in mind, I explore the vicissitudes of Ovid9s rivalrous identification with Augustus in the Tristia, ending with some unhappier implications of this identification, and with some reflections on the question of the reality of Ovid9s exile.
Interacciones hipermedia y videojuegos

Este articulo cientifico cubre el estudio de los elementos multimedia interactivos que componen un sistema hipermedia tomando como referencia dos videojuegos Antigrav (EyeToy de Sony) & Sims2 (Electronic Arts). Se describen en categorias detalladas los elementos expresivos interfaciales, las formas narrativas interactivas, las emociones y los valores que integran en un sistema de comunicacion hipermedia. Finalmente se recopilan y describen los expresiones hipermedia mas interactuadas y eficientes para la inmersion comunicativa segun han sido observadas y recogidas en un experimento con veinte adolescentes de distintos origenes culturales mientras experimentaban videojuegos. Esta investigacion sirve como modelo de referencia para la produccion y desarrollo eficientes de sistemas de comunicacion hipermedia ludico educativos: videojuegos, webs, realidad virtual,�
Molecular simulations and experimental studies of solubility and diffusivity for pure and mixed gases of H2, CO2, and Ar absorbed in the ionic liquid 1-n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([hmim][Tf2N]).

Classical molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations are used to calculate the self-diffusivity and solubility of pure and mixed CO2, H2, and Ar gases absorbed in the ionic liquid 1-n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([hmim][Tf2N]). Overall, the computed absorption isotherms, Henry’s law constants, and partial molar enthalpies for pure H2 agree well with the experimental data obtained by Maurer et al. [J. Chem. Eng. Data 2006, 51, 1364] and the experimental values determined in this work. However, the agreement is poor between the simulations and the experimental data by Noble et al. [Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2008, 47, 3453] and Costa Gomes [J. Chem. Eng. Data 2007, 52, 472] at high temperatures. The computed H2 permeability values are in good agreement with the experimental data at 313 K obtained by Luebke et al. [J. Membr. Sci. 2007, 298, 41; ibid, 2008, 322, 28], but about three times larger than the experimental value at 573 K from the same group. Our computed H2 solubilitie...
Donor-specific cellular immunity in rejecting and long-term-surviving class I-disparate rat renal allograft recipients

The effects of pre- and posttransplant immunization on graft survival, infiltrate intensity, and host in situ/systemic cellular immune responsiveness were examined for class I MHC-disparate rat renal allograft recipients. Naive, unsensitized PVG (RT1c) recipients of class I MHC disparate PVG.R1 (RT1.Aa on PVG background) orthotopic kidney transplants displayed long-term (greater than 50 days) survival (LTS) in a majority (41/52) of cases. Pretransplant immunization of recipients with a PVG.R1 skin graft most often resulted in rejection (mean survival greater than 21.3 days) with 8/15 rats surviving less than or equal to 2 weeks and only 3/15 with LTS. Pretransplant immunization with a skin graft from a fully MHC-disparate PVG.1A (RT1a on PVG background) donor resulted in acute rejection (mean = 6.1 days) with 0/8 rats surviving greater than or equal to 2 weeks. Donor-specific class I and II disparate (PVG.1A), and third-party (LEW) skin transplants applied on LTS (greater than 50 days) PVG.R1 kidney graft recipients showed typical 1st- and accelerated 2nd-set skin graft rejection, but had no effect on kidney graft survival. In contrast, 6/7 LTS PVG.R1 kidney graft recipients accepted PVG.R1 skin grafts indefinitely following their transient partial rejection. Histologic analysis of kidney allografts revealed the highest degree of mononuclear cell infiltrates in animals specifically sensitized by PVG.1A skin grafts prior to transplant. Donor class I-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor (pCTL) frequencies, as determined by limiting dilution assays, were increased and equivalent at 1 week posttransplant in kidney allograft cell eluates from nonrejecting naive recipients (1/127-1/2209) and rejecting presensitized animals (1/470-1/7848). LTS animals had decreased intragraft pCTL at greater than 50 days (1/2969-1/61875), as did LTS at greater than 50 days that received PVG.R1, PVG.1A, or LEW skin grafts posttransplant. In all groups, splenocyte pCTL frequencies were significantly lower than the corresponding values within the allograft. By comparison, no significant differences in intragraft or splenic proliferative T lymphocyte (pPTL) precursor frequencies were observed between any groups. These results indicate that unsensitized recipients of class I-disparate renal cells grafts are capable of maintaining graft survival in the early posttransplant period, despite the presence of significant in situ antidonor class I MHC-specific cellular immune responsiveness. These findings also indicate that long-surviving PVG recipients of class I-disparate renal allografts develop specific functional tolerance to donor class I alloantigens, that may be associated with a diminished frequency of anti-class I cytotoxic (but not proliferative) T cell precursors.
Effects of an elementary school program to enhance prosocial behavior on children's cognitive-social problem-solving skills and strategies

Children in three suburban elementary schools participated for 5 consecutive years (kindergarten through fourth grade) in a comprehensive intervention program designed to enhance prosocial development. Children in three similar schools served as a comparison group. Cognitive-social problem-solving skills and strategies were assessed annually using one of two different hypothetical-reflective interview measures: one focusing on situations involving conflicts with a peer, and the other on object acquisition and peer group entry situations. The conflict resolution interview was administered to the children in kindergarten, second, and fourth grades, while the object acquisition and peer group entry interview was administered in first and third grades. Classroom observations indicated that the program was implemented during each of the 5 years. Analyses of the social problem-solving data indicated that program children scored significantly higher on measures of cognitive problem-solving skills (i.e., interpersonal sensitivity, consideration of others' needs, and means-ends thinking), and used resolution strategies which were significantly more prosocial than comparison children. Moreover, the differences between program and comparison children in their approaches to solving hypothetical problem situations generally increased from kindergarten through fourth grade, and were replicated among a second cohort of children at kindergarten and first grade. These findings suggest that a comprehensive intervention program which is embedded within the normal classroom and school environment can be of considerable benefit in enhancing children's social competencies.
Managerial and firm influences on export behavior

Export researchers have generally interpreted small enterprise export behavior as either being exclusively dependent on firm factors or specific characteristics of decision-makers. These approaches are inadequate for explaining what is obvious managerial activity resulting from strategic choices among alternate foreign market expansion paths for the firm. This study empirically examines the interaction of decision maker and firm factors on intended export behaviors among eighty-nine Canadian manufacturing firms and finds that they explain a significant and substantive part of the variance in export entry behavior, but have limited success in accounting for variances in export performance.
Monitored Naltrexone without Counseling for Alcohol Abuse/Dependence in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders

This clinical trial assessed the effects of monitored naltrexone treatment in 19 subjects with schizophrenia spectrum and alcohol use disorders in an eight-week prospective open pilot study. Naltrexone was directly administered to subjects in oral doses of 100 mg on Mondays and Wednesdays, and 150 mg on Fridays. Subjects received reimbursement for attending the three weekly study visits. Subjects continued to receive their usual psychiatric care with no added alcohol counseling provided. Alcohol use was assessed by self-report and biomarkers. Psychosis severity was measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Subjects reported significant reductions in their number of drinks per week, drinks per drinking day, days of drinking to intoxication, and alcohol craving. Subjects also showed significant reductions in Addiction Severity Index (ASI) alcohol composite scores and in PANSS positive, negative and general psychopathology scores.
CHARACTERIZING PULSATING MIXING OF SLURRIES

This paper describes the physical properties for defining the operation of a pulse jet mixing system. Pulse jet mixing systems operate with no moving parts located in the vessel or in the fluid to be mixed. Pulse tubes submerged in the vessel provide a pulsating flow that mixes the fluid due to a controlled combination of applied pressure to expel the fluid from the pulse tube nozzle followed by suction to refill the pulse tube through the same nozzle. For mixing slurries nondimensional parameters to define mixing operation include slurry properties, geometric properties and operational parameters. Primary parameters include jet Reynolds number and Froude number; alternate parameters may include particle Galileo number, particle Reynolds number, settling velocity ratio, and hindered settling velocity ratio. Rating metrics for system performance include just suspended velocity, concentration distribution as a function of elevation, and blend time.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Comparison between overcurrent relay and developed PMU based protection

Power system protection is still one of the primary focus of the utility companies. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is used to measure the data of the transmission line, buses and the equipment's associated with it. The data measured by the PMU's at different locations can be used to make the decisions for faulty and healthy zone in the power system. During fault condition at specific location in the power system, the data measured by PMU will show abrupt increase or decrease in the physical quantities like voltage, current, and phase angles. Based on the PMU values the relays associated with the faulty transmission lines will be triggered which in turn helps to isolate only the faulty portion of the system from the rest of the healthy portion of the power system. This paper will compare two protection schemes: one protection scheme is based solely on the protective relays while the other protection scheme utilizes both the protective relays and the PMUs. Both the protection schemes were tested in real time (using RTDS) on the 3-bus power system for all kinds of line-to-ground faults.