cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using the world wide web to facilitate the editing and publishing of a textbook for faculty professional development.

Objective: The purpose of this report is to describe the editing and publication of a textbook to increase the opportunity for faculty to contribute textbook chapters, using the internet WWW to facilitate the editing process. Methodology: An outline of 22 sections containing 214 chapters, was developed. Each section was assigned to an editor. Editors recruited authors for each of their section chapters. Chapters were submitted to the editors, then a chief editor completed the editing for the chapter Results: Chapters that were completed early, were posted on the WWW which permitted additional review by the authors facilitating communication with the editors. The additional lead time on the WWW permitted indexing and identification by internet search engines (e.g., Google), so that by the time the textbook was completed, most major search engines had already identified the on-line textbook. Page/type-setting was streamlined by the electronic transfer of the equivalent on-line chapter files to the publisher. 41 chapters were contributed by 18 senior faculty 51 chapters were contributed by 29 assistant professors, 46 chapters were contributed by 23 non-faculty community physicians, 38 chapters were contributed by 27 residents, and 40 chapters were contributed by 37 medical students. Conclusion: A textbook project such as this provides faculty with the opportunity to contribute to the medical literature enhancing their professional development. The WWW provides a new forum for publishing a textbook. It also provides anew communication option between editors and authors to better coordinate the content and editorial style of the chapters.
A comparison of engagement strategies for encouraging outdoor walking.

Background:This study investigated the effectiveness of enhanced cognitive awareness as a means of encouraging outdoor walking. An intervention using engagement-based strategies was compared with a more traditional walking intervention focused on developing and committing to a personalized walking schedule. Methods:117 adults were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments—Standard Care (schedule setting, commitment) or Engagement (awareness plans)—and asked to take at least 3, 30 minute outdoor walks each week for 2 weeks. During the study period, self-report and objective measures were used to collect data on walking behavior. Results:Individuals in both treatment conditions reported significant increases (P < .05) in walking behavior. Participants in both treatments failed to sustain these increases at a follow-up measure 4 weeks later. However, the Engagement condition was particularly effective for those individuals who had less prior experience maintaining a walking routine. Conclusion:Overall, the find...
Monads on My Mind

Daniel Garber (Princeton University, USA), in Monads on my Mind shows that monads were very much on Leibniz’s mind in the late 1690s. In these crucial years between about 1695 and 1700, Leibniz was beginning to work out the details of the monadology, what monads are, and how they are to function as the ultimate building-blocks of his metaphysics. In this essay, Daniel Garber looks carefully at the development of the argument in those years, as Leibniz’s view was undergoing what has to be regarded as a major shift. He begins by reviewing what he takes to be Leibniz’s position in what he has called his middle years, the years between the late 1670s and the mid-1690s, before monads, when Leibniz’s view of the world was grounded in corporeal substances. He then traces at least one of the paths by which monads came into Leibniz’s world during those important years of transition.
Hypothalamic function in amenorrheic runners

We have examined temperature regulation in eight amenorrheic runners and gonadotropin response to an opioid antagonist in seven amenorrheic runners, 18 to 29years of age, running 20 to 70 miles a week. Following equilibration, oral temperature was measured continuously, first in a cold room at 39°F and then in a sauna at 172°F in eight amenorrheic runners, in eight eumenorrheic runners, and in eight control subjects in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Studies were terminated if a subject's temperature fell below 94°F or rose above 102°F, and all studies were conducted in the afternoon. The rates of temperature change, calculated from total net temperature change divided by elapsed time in the test chamber, were not significantly different among the three groups of women. Seven other amenorrheic runners failed to have any significant changes in luteinizing hormone or follicle-stimulating hormone levels in response to the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone administered as an intravenous infusion at 1.6mg/hour for 4hours. If opioids inhibit gonadotropin secretion in exercise-associated amenorrhea, an increase in gonadotropins in response to naloxone would have been anticipated. Although it is possible that the dose of naloxone selected was inappropriate and that temperature responses under other conditions might differ from those of normal women, these data suggest that endogenous opiates do not play a direct role in the amenorrhea associated with exercise and that temperature regulatory centers in the hypothalamus are intact in this disorder, compared with other causes of amenorrhea such as anorexia nervosa. Further studies of hypothalamic function are warranted to test these possibilities.
Endpoint Assessment for Critical Limb Ischemia for Cellular Therapy

Clinical development of cellular therapies for CLI requires the use of patient-focused trial endpoints that define the benefit of the therapies under study. These endpoints may include amputation, AFS, wound healing, pain scores, QOL scores, and surrogate endpoints such as ABI or TcPO2. In early phase studies safety endpoints are primary, while composite endpoints and surrogates are important to determine signal of benefit in trials with limited power. To date Phase-III clinical trials have been held to a primary outcome of amputation or AFS in patients who are not candidates for revascularization leading to difficulty in enrolling patients to complete these studies. It is possible that the development of clinically meaningful composite endpoints or well validated surrogate endpoints will influence clinical trial design and improve our ability to demonstrate the potential clinical benefit of therapies for CLI patients.
Cell-Derived Microparticles (C-MP) Are Elevated in Splenectomized Patients and Depressed in Those with Hypersplenism, Suggesting Spleen as Scavenger of C-MP.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Cell-derived microparticles (C-MP) are microvesicles released during activation and apoptosis from platelets (PMP), leukocytes (LMP), endothelial cells (EMP) and red cells (RMP). They commonly express phosphatidylserine (PS) judged by binding annexin V (AnV) and carry markers of parent cells. C-MP are involved in thrombosis, inflammation and angiogenesis. Little is known how C-MP are cleared from circulation. To test that the spleen might be involved, we investigated C-MP profiles in patients who underwent splenectomy for various causes (group A), those with hypersplenism (group B), and healthy controls with spleen (group C). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Group A (Gr A) consisted of 44 patients (18 M and 26 F, mean age 57.2 yr) with splenectomy; group B (Gr B) consisted of 25 patients (12 M and 13 F, mean age 61.6 yr) with hypersplenism. Gr A had 25 ITP, 7 myeloproliferative disorders, 4 lymphoma, 3 hemolytic anemias, 4 trauma related splenectomy, 1 unknown reason. Group B had 19 chronic hepatitis C, 2 alcoholic, 2 idiopathic and 1 autoimmune hepatitis, 1 portal vein thrombosis. Group C (Gr C) were healthy controls with spleen (n=109). Flow cytometry was used to assay C-MP. PMP were identified by CD41+, LMP by CD45+, EMP by CD31+/CD41−, and RMP by glycophorin+. Profile of C-MP and blood counts were compared among the 3 groups. RESULTS: Table 1 summarizes C-MP data among the 3 groups. Gr A and B were well matched for ages and sex. Mean values of WBC and Hgb were normal in all groups while the platelet count was low in Gr B. Mean values of LMP, EMP and RMP were significantly higher in Gr A compared to Gr B and C, but PMP were not. All species of C-MP (PMP, LMP, EMP, RMP) in Gr B were significantly lower than Gr C (healthy control) and were markedly depressed compared to Gr A (see Table 1). Correlation analysis revealed that PMP correlated with platelet count (p DISCUSSION/COMCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that spleen sequesters and/or clears C-MP of all types (PMP, LMP, EMP, RMP). C-MP express PS (bind AnV), which is known to promote clearance from circulation. Splenectomy is known to be associated with thrombosis but its mechanism in not well elucidated. Elevated C-MP in splenectomized patients may contribute to their increased risk of thrombosis. Table 1 . Gr A (Splntomy) Gr B (Hyperspln) Gr C (Control) p value (A-C) p value (B-C) Patient no. 44 25 109 PMP 13858 7073 15992 n. s. LMP 2043 1180 1385 EMP 857 238 436 RMP 2964 926 1138
Three SHRM Books for 2012 (Other HRM Resources)

SHRM’s 2012 HR Trend Book The Power of “Stay Interviews” for Engagement and Retention (by Richard Finnegan)Paperback: 123 pp. Business-Focused HR: 11 Processes to Drive Results (by Dr. Scott Mondore, Dr. Shane Douthitt, and Dr. Marisa Carson) Paperback: 200 pp.
The Possibilities of Longitudinal Research: Lessons From a Teacher and a Researcher

AbstractIn this article, the author first presents an analysis based on field notes from when she was a first-grade teacher, with particular focus on one student, Christy. She then offers a longitudinal account of Christy from the author's current position as a university researcher. She argues that these two analyses reveal the power of longitudinal research to extend the ways we make sense of schooling, especially for children from communities that have been historically underserved.
Ecological differences influence the thermal sensitivity of swimming performance in two co-occurring mysid shrimp species with climate change implications.

Abstract Temperature strongly affects performance in ectotherms. As ocean warming continues, performance of marine species will be impacted. Many studies have focused on how warming will impact physiology, life history, and behavior, but few studies have investigated how ecological and behavioral traits of organisms will affect their response to changing thermal environments. Here, we assessed the thermal tolerances and thermal sensitivity of swimming performance of two sympatric mysid shrimp species of the Northwest Atlantic. Neomysis americana and Heteromysis formosa overlap in habitat and many aspects of their ecological niche, but only N. americana exhibits vertical migration. In temperate coastal ecosystems, temperature stratification of the water column exposes vertical migrators to a wider range of temperatures on a daily basis. We found that N. americana had a significantly lower critical thermal minimum (CTmin) and critical thermal maximum (CTmax). However, both mysid species had a buffer of at least 4 °C between their CTmax and the 100-year projection for mean summer water temperatures of 28 °C. Swimming performance of the vertically migrating species was more sensitive to temperature variation, and this species exhibited faster burst swimming speeds. The generalist performance curve of H. formosa and specialist curve of N. americana are consistent with predictions based on the exposure of each species to temperature variation such that higher within-generation variability promotes specialization. However, these species violate the assumption of the specialist-generalist tradeoff in that the area under their performance curves is not constant. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating species-specific responses to temperature based on the ecology and behavior of organisms into climate change prediction models.
In Vitro Hematopoietic Lineage Interconversion from Human Bone Marrow Stem and Progenitor Cells.

The cell surface antigen, CD133, marks a fraction of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and has been successfully used to study their differential biology. To evaluate the differentiating capacity of stem/progenitor cells, we cultivated purified normal human bone marrow CD133 selected cells for 2 weeks with erythropoietin (EPO) or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to induce erythroid or myeloid differentiation, respectively. After the second week of cultivation, we reversed the seeding environment of the two populations by placing EPO treated cells into a G-CSF environment and G-CSF treated cells into an EPO environment for an additional 2-week culture. The cells produced in the culture were phenotypically defined by morphology and flow cytometry, and genotypically by RNA and proteomic analyses. Three-color flow cytometry was used for identifying CD133+ progenitors, CD36+ erythroid and CD13+ myeloid cells, as shown in Table 1. The morphology of the cultured cells, assessed by Wright-Giemsa staining, is consistent with the conversion of cellular specific markers. Rapid analysis of gene expression demonstrated co-expression of 76% of 266 genes analyzed among the erythroid and myeloid lineages. Furthermore, proteomic analysis exhibited the sharing of 33% of 9518 expressed protein spots assayed in the two populations after the first 2-week culture, and 32% after 2 weeks of the switch culture. Our data clearly demonstrate that the committed erythroid and myeloid precursors are able to change their fate and can switch into the opposite cell type by a conversion pathway under a specifically defined condition. We termed this switch as interconversion, considering conversion of hematopoietic cells to non-hematopoietic cells. Furthermore, the observations presented in this study show that cytokines used can improve the conversion. We are developing a mathematical model describing the kinetics of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell transitions into specific lineages, along with the conversion of committed cells based on multiple potential energy wells corresponding to different cell states and cytokines. Table 1. Expression of cell surface markers after 4-week culture
Error estimates for time discretizations of Cahn–Hilliard and Allen–Cahn phase-field models for two-phase incompressible flows

We carry out rigorous error analysis for some energy stable time discretization schemes developed in Shen and Yang (SIAM J Sci Comput 32(3):1159–1179, 2010) for a Cahn–Hilliard phase-field model and in Shen and Yang (Chin Ann Math Ser B 31(5):743–758, 2010) for an Allen–Cahn phase-field model.
Border Adjustments and the Conservation of Tax Planning

This article is based on Schizer’s keynote address at the 17th annual NYU-KPMG Tax Symposium on March 10. In this article, Schizer argues that U.S. corporate and shareholder taxes need to be reformed, and the corporate rate should be much lower. In reforming this dysfunctional regime, according to Schizer, Congress should keep both of these taxes as a form of built-in redundancy; if one tax is avoided, the other can still be collected. More generally, Congress should be wary of Utopian solutions. Tax reform is more likely to change tax planning than to eliminate it entirely, Schizer concludes. For instance, although border adjustments would foreclose some strategies, they would encourage others.
The Effect of Assortment Pricing on Choice and Satisfaction: The Moderating Role of Consumer Characteristics:

Although consumer research has extensively examined the effect of product assortment on consumption choices, relatively little has been done on assortment pricing. To bridge that gap, we demonstrat...
Hermite scatterers in an ultraviolet sky

Abstract The scattering from spherical inhomogeneities has been a major historical topic in acoustics, optics, and electromagnetics and the phenomenon shapes our perception of the world including the blue sky. The long wavelength limit of “Rayleigh scattering” is characterized by intensity proportional to k 4 (or λ − 4 ) where k is the wavenumber and λ is the wavelength. With the advance of nanotechnology, it is possible to produce scatterers that are inhomogeneous with material properties that are functions of radius r, such as concentric shells. We demonstrate that with proper choice of material properties linked to the Hermite polynomials in r, scatterers can have long wavelength scattering behavior of higher powers: k 8 , k 16 , and higher. These “Hermite scatterers” could be useful in providing unique signatures (or colors) to regions where they are present. If suspended in air under white light, the back-scattered spectrum would be shifted from blue towards violet and then ultraviolet as the higher order Hermite scatterers were illuminated.
Impact of Sea Surface Temperature Forcing on Weeks 3 and 4 Forecast Skill in the NCEP Global Ensemble Forecasting System

AbstractThe Global Ensemble Forecasting System (GEFS) is being extended from 16 to 35 days to cover the subseasonal period, bridging weather and seasonal forecasts. In this study, the impact of SST forcing on the extended-range land-only global 2-m temperature, continental United States (CONUS) accumulated precipitation, and MJO skill are explored with version 11 of the GEFS (GEFSv11) under various SST forcing configurations. The configurations consist of 1) the operational GEFS 90-day e-folding time of the observed real-time global SST (RTG-SST) anomaly relaxed to climatology, 2) an optimal AMIP configuration using the observed daily RTG-SST analysis, 3) a two-tier approach using the CFSv2-predicted daily SST, and 4) a two-tier approach using bias-corrected CFSv2-predicted SST, updated every 24 h. The experimental period covers the fall of 2013 and the winter of 2013/14. The results indicate that there are small differences in the ranked probability skill scores (RPSSs) between the various SST forcing ex...
A Training on: Continuous Manufacturing (Direct Compaction) of Solid Dose Pharmaceutical Products

As the pharmaceutical industry increasingly adopts continuous manufacturing technology, significant attention must be paid to process analytical technology (PAT), process integration, and process control. Published information is no substitute for hands-on comprehensive training, which is critical to implementing and operating continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing systems effectively and efficiently. In this article, an intensive hands-on training course has been developed and implemented at the Engineering Research Center for Structured Organic Particulate Systems (C-SOPS) based on 15 years of experience and several implemented systems. Here, we brought the details of the four integral components in a continuous direct compression manufacturing process: (1) unit operations, (2) PAT, (3) modeling and process controls, and (4) material characterization. Each section built-in classroom lectures with a brief overview on the theoretical aspects of each topic, followed by a hands-on session covering the classroom theory. The training program is described here in sufficient detail to enable creation of similar programs at other institutions.
Video Editing: Postproduction

Post-production is the time when filmmakers transition efforts from collecting video clips, photographs, and music to editing them into a complete film. While it is exciting to piece everything together to build the story that you envision, cobbling together good films takes intension, time and effort. Lots of beginning filmmakers will tell you that they know in their gut what they would like their film to accomplish, but manifesting the vision takes dedication. This chapter shares tried-and-true techniques to transition your amassed music and video clips into a cohesive and gripping film. Potent storytelling begins with uniting your media as directed by your storyboard. Then step into massaging the media together with refined edits. If a storyboard is an editor’s right hand, transitions between scenes, sound and color filters, volume levels, and titling are their left. The subtleties in polished editing are what give films tone and pacing . For this, we all must take a deep breath and a giant step into the techniques of film editing.
Adverse Events Reported to the Food and Drug Administration From 2004 to 2016 for Cosmetics and Personal Care Products Marketed to Newborns and Infants

Background/objectives Despite their ubiquitous use and several recent health controversies involving cosmetics and personal care products for children, the Food and Drug Administration has little oversight of these products and relies on consumer-submitted adverse event reports. We assessed the recently released Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition's Adverse Event Reporting System database for adverse event reports submitted to the Food and Drug Administration for baby personal care products and to determine whether useful insights can be derived. Methods We extracted the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition's Adverse Event Reporting System data file from 2004 to 2016 and examined the subset classified according to the Food and Drug Administration-designated product class as a baby product. Events were manually categorized into product type and symptom type to assess for trends. Results Only 166 total adverse events were reported to the Food and Drug Administration for baby products from 2004 to 2016. The majority of reports indicated rash or other skin reaction; 46% of reported events led to a health care visit. Conclusion Pediatric dermatologists should consider submitting cosmetics and personal care product adverse event reports and encouraging consumers to do so likewise in situations in which a product adversely affects a child's health.
Distance protection under extreme conditions

The phenomenon this paper looks at is power swings, voltage collapse, series compensation and the effect of shunt active VAR compensation. Power swing blocking although a well established technique in its own right; is hampered by traditional detection methods which can be compromised when the system topology changes. Voltage collapse (insufficient VARS) and its effect on distance protection is not a subject which has had wide spread discussion. Fast and slow VAR compensation devices like SVC's and STATCOM bring in new challenges to this traditional art. Series compensation is also being considered on relatively short lines in order to export more power through existing corridors and has implications on distance reach as well as directionality. (5 pages)
Retinoids in clinical cancer therapy.

Retinoids constitute a class of naturally occurring and synthetic compounds that are structurally related to vitamin A. The chemical structure of retinoids consists of a cyclic end group (trimethylcyclohexenyl ring) and a dimethyl substituted tetraene chain, ending in a polar hydroxyl, aldehyde, or carboxyl group. Naturally occurring retinoids include vitamin A (all-trans retinol) and its oxidative metabolites: retinaldehyde, all-trans-retinoic acid (tRA), and 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cRA). Four additional naturally occurring retinoids have been newly discovered in the past 5 years: 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cRA) [1,2], 3,4-didehydroretinoic acid [3], 14-hydroxy retro-retinol [4], and more recently, 9-cis, 13-cis-retinoic acid [5,6]. The potential for the existence of 11-cis and 15-cis-retinoic acid is very high [7]. Retinoic acid isomers are generated by changes in the position and chemical nature of the double bonds in the tetraene chain (Figure 1). The clinical use of retinoids in oncology has been dominated by tRA, 13-cRA, and more recently 9-cRA, which are the focus of this discussion. Esters of all-trans retinol (vitamin A), particularly retinol palmitate, have also been used as cancer chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents [8–10] but will not be discussed in this presentation.
Decay of the Neutron-Rich Isotope {sup 171}Ho and the Identification of {sup 169}Dy

Neutron-rich rare-earth isotopes were produced in multinucleon transfer reactions between $^{170}\mathrm{Er}$ ions and $^{\mathrm{nat}}\mathrm{W}$ targets. On-line mass separation was used together with \ensuremath{\beta}- and \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray spectroscopy in these studies. At mass A=169, the heaviest known dysprosium isotope, 39(8) s${,}^{169}$Dy, was identified. It was observed to ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\beta}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ decay to the ground state of $^{169}\mathrm{Ho}$ or through a level at 1578 keV. In the A=171 mass chain, a partial decay scheme for 55(3)-s $^{171}\mathrm{Ho}$ was determined.
Processing and Substrate Effects on YBaCuO Thin Films Formed by Rapid Thermal Annealing of Cu/BaO/Y2O3 Layered Structures

YBaCuO superconducting thin films have been formed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of Cu/BaO/Y2O3 layered structures. The films were deposited on various substrates (including MgO, Al2O3 and Si) by electron-beam evaporation. The film properties strongly depend on the annealing conditions as well as the substrate used. We found that with 950 – 990 °C anneal for 30 – 90 seconds, the layers intermixed completely and a YBa2Cu3Ox. polycrystalline film was produced. The best film was obtained on MgO with Tc above 84 K and Jc of 4x103 A/cm2 at 77 K. However, using the same RTA conditions, films on Si showed semiconducting behavior caused by silicon diffusion into the film as indicated by Auger depth profiling. In general, we found that using the RTA process, the film has less film-substrate interaction in comparison with furnace annealing due to a short anneal time. Using the RTA processing with the incorporation of a metal barrier layer, superconductivity of the film on Si was observed. Compared with other techniques, the RTA processing of layered structures provides a simple and rapid method for fabrication of high Tc superconducting thin films.
Developing Physician-Scientists

Aspiring physician-scientists face many potential obstacles. While the National Institutes of Health and private foundations must continue to invest in physician-scientist workforce development, much of the responsibility for attracting and developing future physician-scientists falls to leaders of academic medical centers. This Viewpoint provides some thoughts on how we do that.
Self-reassurance and self-efficacy for controlling upsetting thoughts predict depression, anxiety, and perceived stress in help-seeking female family caregivers.

Objectives Providing care for an older family member is a common experience for women and has been linked with increased depression, anxiety, and stress for some caregivers. This study aimed to investigate the role of self-reassurance and self-efficacy for controlling upsetting thoughts in mitigating the negative effects of caregiving stressors on mental health. Design Measures were collected during a pre-intervention assessment for a larger study in the U.S.A. evaluating online interventions for intergenerational caregivers. Hierarchical linear regressions were used to examine the contribution of self-reassurance and self-efficacy for controlling upsetting thoughts on mental health outcomes, after controlling for caregiving-related contextual variables and stressors. Setting Participants completed online questionnaires on a computer or tablet at their convenience. Participants Participants were 150 help-seeking adult women providing health-care assistance to older relatives living in the community. Measurements Measures were completed for the mental health outcomes of depression, anxiety, and stress. Measures also included contextual factors of caregiving and demographics. Cognitive impairment, caregiver assistance, role overload, percentage of care provided, family conflict, self-reassurance, and self-efficacy for controlling upsetting thoughts were also measured. Results Regression models revealed that both self-reassurance and self-efficacy for controlling upsetting thoughts predicted depression, anxiety, and perceived stress after controlling for caregiving contextual factors and stressors. Conclusions The results indicate that self-reassurance and self-efficacy for controlling upsetting thoughts are effective resources linked to mental health outcomes. Although results were obtained with cross-sectional data, these findings suggest the potential of targeting these resources in transdiagnostic interventions for family caregivers.
Hors-Texte: A Prototype to Support Scholarly Discussion Groups

This paper presents a design and prototype for a collaborative tool aimed at facilitating scholarly discussion and reading groups. Organized yet informal reading and discussion groups are crucial resources for many scholars in interdisciplinary fields, yet such groups are difficult to start and maintain, very difficult to learn about and join, and only rarely involve participants from multiple institutions. Simply put, greater visibility into who's reading what and a way participate in these conversations would keep interdisciplinary scholars more connected with each other and with the various fields they follow. Perhaps even more importantly, a system which could collect this information could eventually offer a view into an otherwise part of the intellectual graph not visible via citation analysis or altmetrics, providing a platform for future research. Informal academic discussion groups are poorly studied, and though this paper relies on personal experience rather than qualitative research, it represents a first step in better understanding and serving these communities.
Consonant types and tone in Siamese

Abstract: This paper presents the results of an acoustical investigation of the effects of various consonant types on the tone of a following vowel in Siamese. In general, it is found that after voiceless obstruents, the fundamental frequency contour is relatively high and falling in transition to the following vowel; after voiced obstruents, the fundamental frequency contour is relatively low and rising (− falling). It is also found that the initial fundamental frequency value after the release of a voiceless unaspirated stop is higher than for a homorganic voiceless aspirated stop. For the voiceless aspirated stops, “plain” and “breathy” allophones are found that exhibit different effects on the tone of the following vowel. Implications for theories of pitch production and diachronic tonal development are discussed.
A Spectral Approach to Model-Based Noninvasive Intracranial Pressure Estimation

Background: Intracranial pressure (ICP) normally ranges from 5 to 15 mmHg. Elevation in ICP is an important clinical indicator of neurological injury, and ICP is therefore monitored routinely in several neurological conditions to guide diagnosis and treatment decisions. Current measurement modalities for ICP monitoring are highly invasive, largely limiting the measurement to critically ill patients. An accurate noninvasive method to estimate ICP would dramatically expand the pool of patients that could benefit from this cranial vital sign. Methods: This article presents a spectral approach to model-based ICP estimation from arterial blood pressure (ABP) and cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) measurements. The model captures the relationship between the ABP, CBFV, and ICP waveforms and utilizes a second-order model of the cerebral vasculature to estimate ICP. Results: The estimation approach was validated on two separate clinical datasets, one recorded from thirteen pediatric patients with a total duration of around seven hours, and the other recorded from five adult patients, one hour and 48 minutes in total duration. The algorithm was shown to have an accuracy (mean error) of 0.4 mmHg and $-$ 1.5 mmHg, and a precision (standard deviation of the error) of 5.1 mmHg and 4.3 mmHg, in estimating mean ICP (range of 1.3 mmHg to 24.8 mmHg) on the pediatric and adult data, respectively. These results are comparable to previous results and within the clinically relevant range. Additionally, the accuracy and precision in estimating the pulse pressure of ICP on a beat-by-beat basis were found to be 1.3 mmHg and 2.9 mmHg respectively. Conclusion: These contributions take a step towards realizing the goal of implementing a real-time noninvasive ICP estimation modality in a clinical setting, to enable accurate clinical-decision making while overcoming the drawbacks of the invasive ICP modalities.
Real-space quasi-relativistic quantum chemistry

Abstract We present for the first time real-space, arbitrarily-accurate representations of the operators required for up to second-order Douglas-Kroll-Hess (DKH), a model for constructing quasi-relativistic electronic Hamiltonians. The approach can be extended to other operator-based quasi-relativistic models. The representations are in the form of sums of Gaussian functions with positive coefficients and thus enable efficient and numerically-accurate formulations using conventional Gaussian basis sets or other bases such as multiwavelets. The operators are demonstrated with application to hydrogen-like systems using the relativistic-kinematic and first-order DKH Hamiltonians.
Applied Machine Learning in Agro-Manufacturing Occupational Incidents

Abstract Commercial grain elevators are hazardous agro-manufacturing work environments where workers are prone to serious and life-threatening injuries. The aim of this study is to give insight into safety risks in grain handling facilities through information processing of workers’ compensation data on agro-manufacturing occupational incidents within commercial grain elevators in the Midwest region of the United States between 2008 and 2016. The severity of occupational incidents is determined by total dollar amount incurred on medical, indemnity, and other expenses in workers’ compensation claims. The most important factors that affect the cost escalation of occupational incidents are extracted using bootstrap partitioning method, and are applied as input for constructing two machine learning models: random forests decision trees, and naive Bayes. Both models show high accuracy (87.64% and 92.78% respectively) in predicting that a future claim is classified as either low or medium, severity. The models contribute to identifying high injury risk groups, and prevalent incident causes, allowing a more research-based focused intervention effort in grain handling workplaces. In addition, the results are applicable in forecasting cost severity of future claims, and identifying factors that contribute to the escalation of claims costs.
LiveDI: An Anti-theft Model Based on Driving Behavior

Anti-theft problem has been challenging since it mainly depends on the existence of external devices to defend from thefts. Recently, driver behavior analysis using supervised learning has been investigated with the goal to detect burglary by identifying drivers. In this paper, we propose a data-driven technique, LiveDI, which uses driving behavior removing the use of external devices in order to identify drivers. The built model utilizes Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN) to learn long-short term patterns of the driving behaviors from drivers. Additionally, we improve the training time by utilizing the Segmented Feature Generation (SFG) algorithm to reduce the state space where the driving behaviors are split with a time window for analysis. Extensive experiments are conducted which show the impact of parameters on our technique and verify that our proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art baseline methods.
Influenza Causes MLKL-Driven Cardiac Proteome Remodeling During Convalescence.

Rationale: Patients with and without cardiovascular diseases have been shown to be at risk of influenza-mediated cardiac complications. Recent clinical reports support the notion of a direct link b...
A Proposed Mechanism for the Initial Myosin Binding Event on the Cardiac Thin Filament: A Metadynamics Study

The movement of tropomyosin over filamentous actin regulates the cross-bridge cycle of the thick with thin filament of cardiac muscle by blocking and revealing myosin binding sites. Tropomyosin exists in three, distinct equilibrium states with one state blocking myosin-actin interactions (blocked position) and the remaining two allowing for weak (closed position) and strong myosin binding (open position). However, experimental information illuminating how myosin binds to the thin filament and influences tropomyosin's transition across the actin surface is lacking. Using metadynamics, we mimic the effect of a single myosin head binding by determining the work required to pull small segments of tropomyosin toward the open position in several distinct regions of the thin filament. We find differences in required work due to the influence of cardiac troponin T lead to preferential binding sites and determine the mechanism of further myosin head recruitment.
Left Ventricular remodeling after Mitral Valve repair and Papillary Muscle Approximation.

BACKGROUND Mitral valve repair with papillary muscle approximation (MVr-PMA) for severe secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) decreases MR recurrence compared with MVr alone. This study assessed the effects of MVr-PMA on left ventricular (LV) remodeling and shape, systolic function and strain mechanics. METHODS Forty-eight patients who underwent MVr-PMA for severe secondary MR and had follow-up echocardiograms available for review were identified. Student's t-test, linear regression modeling, and receiver-operating characteristic curves were used in the statistical analyses. RESULTS Median follow-up time was 14.9 months. MVr-PMA was associated with significant LV reverse remodeling with a smaller LV end-diastolic diameter, systolic sphericity index, and interpapillary muscle distance at follow-up. Nine patients (18.8%) experienced ≥ moderate recurrent MR. When compared recurrent MR patients at follow-up, those with durable MVr-PMA had a greater LV ejection fraction (32.8 vs 22.0%, p=0.03), a smaller end-diastolic diameter (59.6 vs 67.3 mm, p=0.03), systolic sphericity index (0.35 vs 0.47, p=0.03), and endsystolic interpapillary muscle distance (16.3 vs 21.1 mm, p=0.03). A durable MVr-PMA also resulted in stable global longitudinal strain when compared with pre-operative values, while the recurrent MR group experienced a further decline (no recurrent MR: -8.4 vs -7.5%; recurrent MR: -8.2 vs -5.4%; p<0.05). A pre-operative LV end-diastolic diameter ≥ 64 mm was a discriminative predictor of MR recurrence (sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 51%, AUC = 0.756, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS A durable MVr-PMA confers improved LV geometry and function, and stable LV mechanics. The extent of baseline LV remodeling identifies patients at risk for recurrent MR.
Debunking the Non-Delegation Doctrine for State Regulation of Federal Elections

May a state legislature confer its power to regulate the “Times, Places, and Manner” of federal elections upon state executive officers? As the Supreme Court contemplates adopting a literalist reading of the Elections Clause, this Essay argues that legislative delegations under the Elections Clause are indeed constitutional. Drawing on an original survey of elections statutes in the thirteen original colonies, I argue that Elections Clause delegations were a pervasive part of early American practice. Local officials played a critical role in determining the locations and timing of elections, and in some cases also determined how elections unfolded. This legacy suggests that legislatures enjoy unfettered power to delegate their Elections Clause power today.
Performance Study of Zigbee Networks in an Apartment-Based Indoor Environment.

The Internet of Things (IoT) networks using Zigbee are very popular in smart homes. However, Zigbee networks are vulnerable to the interference of Wi-Fi networks because they share the same 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) radio frequency band. Studies have shown that weaker Zigbee signals might be significantly interfered by stronger Wi-Fi signals. This type of interference may cause severe problems when these types of networks coexist in an indoor environment such as in a smart home. In this paper, the performance of a Zigbee network with and without the presence of Wi-Fi interference traffic has been evaluated in an apartment-based indoor environment mimicking a smart home. The experimental results were obtained and analyzed in terms of packet drop rate (PDR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), and throughput under various operating channels, distances between Zigbee and Wi-Fi devices, transmission intervals of Zigbee packets, transmit power of Zigbee transmitter, and Zigbee packet lengths.
Every Picture Tells a Story: Historic Images, Tipi Camps, and Archaeology

les cercles de pierres ou les ronds de tipi sont les preuves archeologiques les plus communes des plaines americaines du nord et ils continuent a defier les interpretations archeologiques. C'est pourquoi les photographies de camps, prises entre 1850 et 1950, l'art parietal, les objets peints et le folklore historique sont utiles pour definr les modeles d'implantation, la morphologie structurelle et les variables culturelles dans les camps de tipi
Neural nitric oxide mediates Edinger-Westphal nucleus evoked increase in choroidal blood flow in the pigeon.

Purpose. Nitric oxide (NO) has been identified as a putative neurotransmitter in choroidal perivascular nerve fibers originating parasympathetically. Although constitutively produced NO has been implicated in the regulation of the choroidal circulation, the specific role of neurally derived NO in choroidal vasodilation has not been determined. This study examined the role of neurally derived NO in the control of the choroidal blood flow (ChBF) in vivo. Methods. Resting ChBF and an increase in ChBF elicited by electrical stimulation of the nucleus of Edinger-Westphal (EW) were measured transclerally by laser Doppler flowmetry in anesthetized pigeons before and after administration of a selective inhibitor of neural NO synthase, 7-Nitroindazole (7NI; 50 mg/kg given intraperitoneally); a nonselective NO synthase inhibitor, N g -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 30 mg/kg given intravenously); L-arginine (300 mg/kg given intravenously) followed by 7NI (50 mg/kg given intraperitoneally); or vehicle. Results. The 7NI and L-NAME, but not the vehicle, attenuated the EW-evoked response (maximally by 78% and 83%, respectively), and this effect lasted for at least 1 hour. Pretreatment with L-arginine abolished this effect of 7NI. Resting ChBF was reduced and systemic blood pressure was increased after L-NAME administration, but both were unchanged after 7NI or vehicle were administered. Conclusions. Neurally derived NO is responsible for a major component of the ChBF increase caused by EW stimulation in pigeons. This represents the first demonstration in vivo that neuronally produced NO is an important factor in the control of ChBF by the parasympathetic nervous system. In particular, neuronally produced NO appears to play a role in rapid upregulation of ChBF in the pigeon, whereas endothelially produced NO plays a major role in control of resting ChBF. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996; 37:666-672.
A Study of Reasons for Non-Payment of Child Support by Non-Custodial Parents

L'A. etudie les differents types de mesure en matiere d'aide sociale en faveur des enfants, mises en place aux Etats-Unis entre 1935 et 1988, notamment en ce qui concerne les pensions alimentaires, la recherche de paternite. Il presente un certain nombre de donnees collectees en 1994 concernant 150 parents originaires de l'Illinois et qui ont ete juges pour non-paiement de la pension alimentaire pour leurs enfants dont on leur a retire la garde. Il s'efforce de comprendre les raisons de ce non-paiement
Ribonuclease H from K562 human erythroleukemia cells. Purification, characterization, and substrate specificity.

The major ribonuclease H from K562 human erythroleukemia cells has been purified more than 4,000-fold. This RNase H, now termed RNase H1, is an endoribonuclease whose products contain 5'-phosphoryl and 3'-hydroxyl termini. The enzyme has a native molecular weight of 89,000 based on its sedimentation and diffusion coefficients. Human RNase H1 has an absolute requirement for a divalent cation. Maximal activity is obtained with either 10 mM Mg2+, 5 mM Co2+, or 0.5 mM Mn2+. The pH optimum is between 8.0 and 8.5 in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+. The isoelectric point is 6.4. RNase H1 lacks double-stranded and single-stranded RNase and DNase activities, and it will not hydrolyze the DNA moiety of an RNA.DNA heteroduplex. Unlike the Escherichia coli enzyme, which requires a heteroduplex that contains at least four consecutive ribonucleotides for activity, human RNase H1 can hydrolyze a DNA.RNA.DNA/DNA heteroduplex that contains a single ribonucleotide. Cleavage occurs at the 5' phosphodiester of this residue. This substrate specificity suggests that human RNase H1 could play a role in ribonucleotide excision from genomic DNA during replication.
Designing Reputation Mechanisms for Efficient Trade

A seller in an online marketplace with an effective reputation mechanism should expect that dishonest behavior results in higher payments now, while honest behavior results in higher reputation – and thus higher payments – in the future. We study two widely used classes of reputation mechanisms. First, we show that weighting all past ratings equally gives sellers an incentive to falsely advertise. This result supports eBay's recent decision to base the Positive Feedback percentage on the past 12 months of feedback, rather than the entire lifetime of the seller. We then study reputation mechanisms that weight recent ratings more heavily. We characterize conditions under which it is optimal for the seller to advertise truthfully, and relate seller truthfulness to returns to reputation. If there is no reputation premium for a low value item, we show the following dichotomy: under increasing returns to reputation the optimal strategy of a sufficiently patient and sufficiently high quality seller is to always advertise honestly, while under decreasing returns to reputation the seller will not always be honest. Finally, we suggest approaches for designing a reputation mechanism that maximizes the range of parameters for which it is optimal for the seller to be truthful. We show that mechanisms that use information from a larger number of past transactions tend to provide incentives for patient sellers to be more truthful, but for higher quality sellers to be less truthful.
Feedback control of a polymer producing glow discharge plasma

Glow discharges are produced in a conventional parallel-plate device using either propylene or argon. The propylene discharge differs from the argon discharge in that polymers are continuously deposited at the plasma boundaries. Discharges with plasma densities of approximately 10/sup 9/ cm/sup -3/, T/sub e/ approximately=3 eV are produced at neutral pressures of approximately 300 mtorr at RF frequencies of approximately 100 kHz. The device consists of two parallel plates (diameter=7.5 cm, separation approximately 5 cm). Langmuir probe current-voltage (I-V) characteristics are monitored with a heated mesh probe. A PC monitors the I-V characteristic every 30 s and adjusts the gain of the glow discharge RF amplifier to maintain a desired I-V characteristic as wall conditions, etc. change. >
A practical mechanism for network utility maximization for unicast flows on the internet

In this paper we consider the scenario of unicast service on the Internet where a network operator wishes to allocate rates among strategic users in a way that maximizes overall user satisfaction while respecting capacity constraints on every link in the network. In particular, we construct two mechanisms that fully implement social welfare maximizing allocation in Nash equilibria (NE) for the above scenario when agents' utilities are their private information. The emphasis of this work is on full implementation, which means that all NE of the induced game result in the optimal allocation of the centralized allocation problem, and thus no extraneous/ unwanted equilibria are created, as is the case in general mechanism design. The constructed mechanisms are amenable to learning, an essential requirement when using NE as a solution concept. This is achieved by ensuring that they result in feasible allocations on and off equilibrium and are budget balanced.