cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Describing the Use of Animals in Animal-Assisted Intervention Research

Currently, there has been growing attention to animal welfare in animal-assisted interventions (AAI). However, there is a lack of scrutiny regarding what steps to take to ensure animal wellbeing during AAI research. The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) reviews, monitors, and approves all research involving animal subjects in order to ensure an animal's ethical and humane treatment. However, AAI publications rarely report IACUC approval. The purpose of this critical review was to determine the frequency of IACUC approval and to report the descriptions of animal use in AAI research publications. In the 139 articles reviewed, 14 (10%) studies reported attaining IACUC approval; 4/139 (3%) reported an adverse outcome on at least one animal used in the study. The publications inconsistently reported the training or certification and veterinary care of the animals. Lacking IACUC approval in AAI studies indicates that the field underutilizes this method of monitoring animal health and welfare. The IACUC should assess, approve, and monitor research protocols involving animals prior to conducting every study to safeguard AAI animal welfare.
Comparing Measures of Physician Market Concentration Using Tax Identification Numbers Versus Independent Negotiating Units

Analysts interested in physician market concentration often have access to tax identification numbers (TINs), but not the number of truly independent negotiating units (NUs). Health plans do know t...
The Excitatory, the Inhibitory, and the Modulatory: Mapping Chemical Neurotransmission in the Brain.

In this issue of Neuron, Deng et al. (2019) report the generation of a new set of tools to manipulate the entire set of neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, neuropeptides, and their receptors—the “chemoconnectome”—in Drosophila.
Adoptive T-Cell Therapy for Solid Malignancies.

The use of immunotherapies for solid and hematologic malignancies has demonstrated durable antitumor effects. Use of checkpoint inhibitors allows for immunologic reactivation of the adaptive immune system against tumor-specific neoantigens and effective rejection. Recent developments in adoptive transfer of T cells has shown effective immune rejection of solid malignancies and durable regression. Adoptive cell transfer involves extraction of in vivo T lymphocytes, selection for or introduction of tumor reactive cells, in vitro expansion, and delivery of the T-cell product back to the patient. This article discusses the different approaches, challenges, and further directions of adoptive T-cell transfer in solid malignancies.
Final Outcomes Report: Rochester Institute of Technology: Advance RIT

The Rochester Institute of Technology ADVANCE Institutional Transformation grant seeks to improve conditions for women STEM faculty with a particular emphasis on women of color and women who are deaf and hard of hearing. Utilizing the theoretical foundation of Social Networking Behaviors, they have organized their initiatives in areas consistent with their theory. The first area, Structural, will include the analysis, modification, and clarification of policy and practice such that there is policy alignment and awareness throughout the system. The second area, Human Resources, will include professional development strategies, targeted mentoring, including mentoring specifically designed to address the unique concerns of women who are members of underrepresented groups (e.g., women of color, women who are deaf and hard or hearing), and work/life balance initiatives. The third area, Political/Strategic, will include purposeful methods to engage campus leaders in the process of institutional transformation including integration of proposed initiatives into existing campus structures and selective data-driven outreach to leader groups. The final area, Symbolic, will include broad within campus dissemination of the activities and outcomes of the initiatives as well as deliberate, high-level, and public endorsements of the ADVANCE initiatives and goals. Evaluation is thoughtfully intertwined throughout the programming allowing a robust test of the usefulness of this approach to institutional transformation. Their initiatives are also firmly rooted in their understanding of their particular institutional context which was revealed, in part, through the use of NSF ADVANCE Catalyst funds. All indications suggest that the institution is poised for the kinds of transformations sought through this grant including; strong letters of support from the administration, specific intentions to address gender equity in their most recent strategic plan, and clear integration of proposal initiatives into the existing university structures. The strength of the PI team, rigor of their social science project and well-conceived evaluation plan make the broad dissemination of their results highly probable increasing the broader impacts of the grant.
Paired Spectroscopic and Crystallographic Studies of Proteases.

The active sites of subtilisin and trypsin have been studied by paired IR spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic studies. The active site serines of the proteases were reacted with 4-cyanobenzenesulfonyl fluoride (CBSF), an inhibitor that contains a nitrile vibrational reporter. The nitrile stretch vibration of the water-soluble inhibitor model, potassium 4-cyanobenzenesulfonate (KCBSO), and the inhibitor were calibrated by IR solvent studies in H2O/DMSO and the frequency-temperature line-slope (FTLS) method in H2O and THF. The inhibitor complexes were examined by FTLS and the slopes of the best fit lines for subtilisin-CBS and trypsin-CBS in aqueous buffer were both measured to be -3.5×10-2 cm-1/°C. These slopes were intermediate in value between that of KCBSO in aqueous buffer and CBSF in THF, which suggests that the active-site nitriles in both proteases are mostly solvated. The X-ray crystal structures of the subtilisin-CBS and trypsin-CBS complexes were solved at 1.27 and 1.32 A, respectively. The inhibitor was modelled in two conformations in subtilisin-CBS and in one conformation in the trypsin-CBS. The crystallographic data support the FTLS data that the active-site nitrile groups are mostly solvated and participate in hydrogen bonds with water molecules. The combination of IR spectroscopy utilizing vibrational reporters paired with X-ray crystallography provides a powerful approach to studying protein structure.
Additional complexity in the Raman spectra of U3O8

Abstract Uranium oxides are readily amenable to investigation using Raman spectroscopy, and this technique is frequently used as a chemical analysis tool. We show, in triuranium octoxide (U3O8), the presence of previously unreported Raman peaks located below 100 cm−1. By maximum intensity, the strongest peak in U3O8 appears at 54 cm−1 and is resolution limited, making this mode an ideal candidate for chemically identifying U3O8 using Raman spectroscopy. Detailed peak analysis indicates that the main spectral feature between 300 and 500 cm−1 is more accurately described by a septet than a triplet. Two samples of differing oxygen content show only minor differences in bulk crystal structure, but subtle changes in lattice dynamics are suggestive of defect scattering in analogy to UO2+x.
Employer provided health benefits among cancer survivors in the United States.

155Background: Nearly 40% of cancer survivors are of working age in the U.S. Access to high quality diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship care requires both health insurance coverage and sick leav...
The Apple Watch can detect atrial fibrillation: so what now?

The Apple Heart Study demonstrates that the Apple Watch can detect atrial fibrillation inferred from the smartwatch heart-rate sensor with a high positive predictive value. However, we must now contend with many clinically relevant unknowns that were not addressed by the study, such as the ramifications of a false-positive result.
American myths of linguistic assimilation: A sociolinguistic rebuttal

This study examines the behavior of 331 Spanish speakers, 269 immigrants to the United States and sixty-two native-born individuals, through questionnaires and sociolinguistic interviews. Results show that increased US life experience correlates with expanded use of English in both private and public domains of life. Additionally, greater use of English co-exists with maintenance of fine-grained patterns of structured linguistic variation in Spanish, such that US-born speakers demonstrate remarkable similarity to the immigrant generation in their usage of three variables: (i) subject pronoun presence vs. absence, (ii) grammatical subject position, and (iii) syllable-final /s/. The co-occurence of increased use of English, on one hand, and intergenerational structural continuity in variable linguistic behavior in Spanish, on the other, challenges two misconceptions about Spanish in the United States: that (a) Spanish-speaking immigrants and their US-born children are unwilling or unable to learn English, and (b) regular use of English entails attrition and/or failed acquisition of Spanish. Neither of these views finds empirical support in our data. (Spanish in the United States, comparative variationist linguistics, subject personal pronouns, grammatical subject position, syllable final /s/, bilingualism)
The Enacted Writing Curriculum

This chapter focuses on the official writing curriculum at Mutituni and Nyika primary schools. The writing practices in both schools were very similar apart from copying words off board. This was very common at Mutituni primary school because of the shortage of literacy materials. The common writing practices in both settings included responding to grammar questions from the textbooks, filling blanks, dictation of words from the teacher, and handwriting. Learning to write in both contexts was a construction of a product, hence mechanical in nature. In addition, in both schools, the writing activities were often embedded in reading lessons. This chapter also discusses how talk is crucial as children learn to write. It gives them agency in their learning.
Tire/road noise separation: tread pattern noise and road texture noise

Abstract Tire/road noise is caused by the interaction between the tire and the road surface. Both tread pattern and road texture excite the tire, causing vibration and air displacement. Close proximity (CPX) method is used to measure the near-field tire/road noise. An optical sensor (tachometer) is also installed to record the once-per-revolution signal of the tire, which is used to perform the order tracking analysis in order to break down the tire noise into the tread pattern and nontread pattern noise components (the latter mainly from pavement excitation). This technique can also be expanded to lab drum test applications where the noise can be separated into tread pattern noise, roadwheel (drum) noise, and turbulence noise components.
Moment-Based Ensemble Control

Controlling a large population, in the limit, a continuum, of structurally identical dynamical systems with parametric variations is a pervasive task in diverse applications in science and engineering. However, the severely underactuated nature and the inability to avail comprehensive state feedback information of such ensemble systems raise significant challenges in analysis and design of ensemble systems. In this paper, we propose a moment-based ensemble control framework, which incorporates and expands the method of moments in probability theory to control theory. In particular, we establish an equivalence between ensemble systems and their moment systems in terms of control and their controllability properties by extending the Hausdorff moment problem from the perspectives of differential geometry and dynamical systems. The developments enable the design of moment-feedback control laws for closing the loop in ensemble systems using the aggregated type of measurements. The feasibility of this closed-loop control design procedure is validated both mathematically and numerically.
The Effect of Ranolazine on Glycemic Control: a Narrative Review to Define the Target Population

Ranolazine is an anti-anginal medication that reduces the sodium-dependent calcium overload via the inhibition of the late sodium current. After its approval for the treatment of chronic angina in 2006 in the USA, ranolazine has been reported to have several pleiotropic effects on various cardiac conditions, such as atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias, diastolic and microvascular dysfunction, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Recently, several studies reported some promising results on the potential benefits of ranolazine on glycemic control. Though the mechanism of the antihyperglycemic effect is still unknown, ranolazine may exert the effect through β cell preservation, inhibition of glucose secretion, and enhancement of insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. Given the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes, it will be useful if one medication can simultaneously improve chronic angina and diabetes. Therefore, ranolazine could be a favored choice among other anti-anginal agents for patients with comorbidity of chronic angina and diabetes mellitus. In this review, we summarize the available data from clinical studies and provide valuable insight into defining the target population for the antihyperglycemic effect of ranolazine.
A hint on the localization of the buckling deformation at vanishing curvature points on thin elliptic shells

The general theory of slender structure buckling by Grabovsky and Truskinovsky [\textit{Cont. Mech. Thermodyn.,} 19(3-4):211-243, 2007], (later extended in [\textit{Journal of Nonlinear Science.,} Vol. 26, Iss. 1, pp. 83--119, 2016] by Grabovsky and the author), predicts that the critical buckling load of a thin shell under dead loading is closely related to the Korn's constant (in Korn's first inequality) of the shell under the Dirichlet boundary conditions resulting from the loading program. It is known that under zero Dirichlet boundary conditions on the thin part of the boundary of positive, negative, and zero (one principal curvature vanishing, and one apart from zero) Gaussian curvature shells, the optimal Korn constant in Korn's first inequality scales like the thickness to the power of $-1, -4/3,$ and $-3/2$ respectively. In this work we analyse the scaling of the optimal constant in Korn's first inequality for elliptic shells that contain a finite number of points where both principal curvatures vanish. We prove that the presence of at least one such point on the shell leads to the scaling drop from the thickness to the power of $-1$ to the thickness to the power of $-3/2.$ To our best knowledge, this is the first result in the direction for constant-sign curvature shells, that do not contain a developable region. A somewhat heuristic argument then leads to the conclusion, that the buckling deformation of such shells under deal loading, should be localized at the vanishing curvature points.
Thoughts on African Swine Fever Vaccines.

African swine fever (ASF) is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease of domestic swine with mortality rates approaching 100%. Devastating ASF outbreaks and continuing epidemics starting in the Caucasus region and now in the Russian Federation, Europe, China, and other parts of Southeast Asia (2007 to date) highlight its significance. ASF strain Georgia-07 and its derivatives are now endemic in extensive regions of Europe and Asia and are “out of Africa” forever, a situation that poses a grave if not an existential threat to the swine industry worldwide. While our current concern is Georgia-07, other emerging ASFV strains will threaten for the indefinite future. Economic analysis indicates that an ASF outbreak in the U.S. would result in approximately $15 billion USD in losses, assuming the disease is rapidly controlled and the U.S. is able to reenter export markets within two years. ASF’s potential to spread and become endemic in new regions, its rapid and efficient transmission among pigs, and the relative stability of the causative agent ASF virus (ASFV) in the environment all provide significant challenges for disease control. Effective and robust methods, including vaccines for ASF response and recovery, are needed immediately.
Informationists and Nurse Educators Partner to Integrate a Virtual Dissection Table into a Nursing Curriculum

Informationists and nurse educators launched a pilot program that integrates a Sectra Virtual Dissection Table into a Critical Care Nurse Residency Program (CCNRP) curriculum. CCNRP is a mandatory education program for novice, critical care registered nurses at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center (UCMC). After nurses complete the seven-week course, they take a post-course survey. This survey measures satisfaction with the virtual dissection table and resident perception of anatomical knowledge gained. In total, 106 nurses have utilized and evaluated the Sectra Table. This paper will discuss Sectra Table education within the CCNRP and lessons learned from the post-course survey.
Editorial Comment: FDG PET/CT Has the Edge Over Whole-Body MRI in the Evaluation of Multiple Myeloma Treatment Response, For Now

This Editorial Comment discusses the following AJR article: Comparative Performance of Whole Body MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT in Evaluation of Response to Treatment of Multiple Myeloma: Meta-analysis an...
A Class of Dynamic Demand Systems

This paper derives closed-form solutions for the total consumption-expenditure function (i.e., aggregate consumption function), the savings function and the demand functions from a nonstationary intertemporal utility-maximization problem under uncertainty for a class of demand systems, including the linear expenditure system (LES) from the Klein-Rubin-Samuelson (KRS) utility function, the generalized linear expenditure systems (GLES) from the CES and S-branch-tree utility functions, the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) from the PIGLOG class of preferences, and the indirect addilog demand system (IADS). We do so by following Hicks’ and Tinmer’s method of maximizing a discounted utility function subject to expected constraints rather than the more fashionable method of maximizing an expected discounted utility function subject to stochastic constraints. Furthermore, the preferences are allowed to vary with the time period. Theoretical analyses for these systems are also given in this paper.
Life on the Ship of Neurath: Mathematics in the Philosophy of Mathematics

Some central philosophical issues concern the use of mathematics in putatively non-mathematical endeavors. One such endeavor, of course, is philosophy, and the philosophy of mathematics is a key instance of that. The present article provides an idiosyncratic survey of the use of mathematical results to provide support or counter-support to various philosophical programs concerning the foundations of mathematics.
Formation and metabolism of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in human platelets

1. myo-[3H]Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3], when added to lysed platelets, was rapidly converted into [3H]inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4,5)P4], which was in turn converted into [3H]inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4)P3]. This result demonstrates that platelets have the same metabolic pathways for interconversion of inositol polyphosphates that are found in other cells. 2. Labelling of platelets with [32P]Pi, followed by h.p.l.c., was used to measure thrombin-induced changes in the three inositol polyphosphates. Interfering compounds were removed by a combination of enzymic and non-enzymic techniques. 3. Ins(1,4,5)P3 was formed rapidly, and reached a maximum at about 4 s. It was also rapidly degraded, and was no longer detectable after 30-60 s. 4. Formation of Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 was almost as rapid as that of Ins(1,4,5)P3, and it remained detectable for a longer time. 5. Ins(1,3,4)P3 was formed after an initial lag, and this isomer reached its maximum, which was 10-fold higher than that of Ins(1,4,5)P3, at 30 s. 6. Comparison of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration as measured with fura-2 indicates that agents other than Ins(1,4,5)P3 are responsible for the sustained maintenance of a high concentration of intracellular Ca2+. It is proposed that either Ins(1,3,4)P3 or Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 may also be Ca2+-mobilizing agents.
The Use of Standards and Prices for Protection of the Environment

In the Pigouvian tradition, economists have frequently proposed the adoption of a system of unit taxes (or subsidies) to control externalities, where the tax on a particular activity is equal to the marginal social damage it generates. In practice, however, such an approach has rarely proved feasible because of our inability to measure marginal social damage.
Poetry Therapy: Toward a Research Agenda for the 1990s.

Poetry therapy goes beyond the use of poems and poetry writing in therapy. It has a pluralistic base that has evolved through the exploration and evaluation of the therapeutic aspects of the language arts in various helping and educational capacities. The purview of poetry therapy includes bibliotherapy, narrative and metaphor. Poetry therapy has been considered an ancillary technique, method of practice, therapeutic entity and philosophy of practice. Moreover, the National Association for Poetry Therapy has standards and procedures in place for “Certified Poetry Therapist” and “Registered Poetry Therapist.” Due to the advancement of the field of poetry therapy and the diversity of the use of poetry therapy, increased attention toward the establishment of a solid research base is a priority. In an effort to contribute to the development of a poetry therapy practice research model, the following areas will be examined: (a) research paradigms, (b) specificity and replication, (c) poetry selection, (d) studies in practice research, (e) professional issues and (f) the identification of directions for future research.
Adaptive visualization of research communities

Adaptive visualization approaches attempt to tune the content and the topology of information visualization to various user characteristics. While adapting visualization to user cognitive traits, goals, or knowledge has been relatively well explored, some other user characteristics have received no attention. This paper presents a methodology to adapt a traditional cluster-based visualization of communities to user individual model of community organization. This class of user-adapted visualization is not only achievable, but expected due to real world situation where users cannot be segmented into heterogeneous communities since many users have affinity to more than one group. An interactive clustering and visualization approach presented in the paper allows the user communicate their personal mental models of overlapping communities to the clustering algorithm itself and obtain a community visualization image that more realistically fits their prospects.
Crossing Caste Boundaries in the Modern Indian Marriage Market

Though caste remains a major social cleavage and a source of social exclusion in India, three factors now rise against it: a diversifying middle class, urbanization, and a demographic youth bulge. While conventional wisdom suggests that Indians marry within their own caste, we find that in the urban, middle-class marriage market, which increasingly includes members of lower castes, openness to intercaste marriage is substantial and varies within and across groups. Why are some more open to intercaste marriage? Drawing on a semi-experimental study of 1070 marriage market participants belonging to both Scheduled and upper castes, we argue that interest in intercaste marriage is rooted in a desire for upward mobility and governed by the principle of exchange. Those who can benefit from an exchange and who have high class or caste status to offer are more likely to express an interest in intermarriage. Among Scheduled Caste individuals, interest in intermarriage increases with income, while among upper caste individuals the opposite is true. We also find that the Scheduled Caste groups in our study are more interested in intermarriage than the upper caste ones. Increasing openness to intermarriage – particularly when upper castes are willing to marry lower (backward and Scheduled) castes – is a sign of social inclusion in urban India.
Wages, transfers and the variation of team performance in the English Premier League

The study of sport in the economy presents a rich arena for the application of sharply focused microeconomics, macroeconomics and econometrics to both team and individual outcomes. This unique book offers a survey of recent research that follows the tradition of empirical and theoretical analysis of sport economics and econometrics.
Erythropoietin and Erythropoiesis

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the evidence for the existence of a humoral stimulator of erythropoiesis and discusses the methods for demonstrating erythropoietin. The current understanding of hemopoiesis is only to a small degree as a result of observations and investigations involving man. To a much larger degree, experiments in rodents and tissue culture have permitted the construction of theories and hypotheses of the central role of erythropoietin in erythropoiesis. It is clear that plasma and urine of many anemic patients and urinary concentrates of normal man contain a material that is capable of stimulating red cell production in rodents. Extracts of the selected benign and malignant lesions of patients with plethora also contain a material with erythropoietic stimulating properties. Androgens, known for over a decade to be capable of producing plethora, have recently been shown to increase the urinary excretion by man of material, which exerts an erythropoietic stimulating effect in rodents. Plasma from patients with erythrogenesis imperfecta and red cell aplasia associated with thymona are rich in erythropoietin. In some instances of acquired red cell aplasia, an antierythropoietin antibody appears to be instrumental in the production of the anemic state, even though plasma from such patients is rich in erythropoietin.
Asymptotic Properties of the Number of Matching Coalescent Histories for Caterpillar-Like Families of Species Trees

Coalescent histories provide lists of species tree branches on which gene tree coalescences can take place, and their enumerative properties assist in understanding the computational complexity of calculations central in the study of gene trees and species trees. Here, we solve an enumerative problem left open by Rosenberg ( IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics 10: 1253-1262, 2013) concerning the number of coalescent histories for gene trees and species trees with a matching labeled topology that belongs to a generic caterpillar-like family. By bringing a generating function approach to the study of coalescent histories, we prove that for any caterpillar-like family with seed tree $t$ , the sequence $(h_n)_{n\ge 0}$ describing the number of matching coalescent histories of the $n$ th tree of the family grows asymptotically as a constant multiple of the Catalan numbers. Thus, $h_n \sim \beta _t c_n$ , where the asymptotic constant $\beta _t > 0$ depends on the shape of the seed tree $t$ . The result extends a claim demonstrated only for seed trees with at most eight taxa to arbitrary seed trees, expanding the set of cases for which detailed enumerative properties of coalescent histories can be determined. We introduce a procedure that computes from $t$ the constant $\beta _t$ as well as the algebraic expression for the generating function of the sequence $(h_n)_{n\ge 0}$ .
Pharmaceuticals, Hormones, and Other Organic Wastewater Contaminants in U.S. Streams

A recent study by the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) shows that a broad range of chemicals found in residential, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters commonly occurs in mixtures at low concentrations downstream from areas of intense urbanization and animal production. The chemicals include human and veterinary drugs (including antibiotics), natural and synthetic hormones, detergent metabolites, plasticizers, insecticides, and fire retardants. One or more of these chemicals were found in 80 percent of the streams sampled. Half of the streams contained 7 or more of these chemicals, and about one-third of the streams contained 10 or more of these chemicals. This study is the first national-scale examination of these organic wastewater contaminants in streams and supports the USGS mission to assess the quantity and quality of the Nation's water resources. A more complete analysis of these and other emerging water-quality issues is ongoing. Keywords: pharmaceuticals; hormones; other wastewater contaminants; steroids; nonprescription drugs; veterinary pharmaceuticals
A Family of Two-Variable Derivative Polynomials for Tangent and Secant

In this paper we introduce a family of two-variable derivative polynomials for tangent and secant. Generating functions for the coefficients of this family of polynomials are studied. In particular, we establish a connection between these generating functions and Eulerian polynomials.
Public Area Surveillance and Police Work: the impact of CCTV on police behaviour and autonomy

Drawing on a recent study of the impact of closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras on policing practices in a large English police force, this paper considers whether the presence of surveillance cameras affects the working attitudes and behaviour of individual police officers. In particular, this paper asks whether CCTV makes the police more accountable or more cautious in the exercise of their discretion in public spaces. Although noting that in certain circumstances CCTV may inadvertently help to reduce incidences of police misconduct, this paper concludes by arguing that more needs to be done to prevent the police from interfering with the operation of CCTV and gaining unauthorised access to potentially incriminating video evidence.
Mechanisms of fatigue damage in boron/aluminum composites

Fatigue damage mechanisms have been investigated using a series of tension fatigue tests on several laminates of boron/aluminum (6061-0). This study focuses on four aspects of the fatigue response. First, in laminates with 0-deg fibers on the outside, an analysis that identifies "shakedown" conditions is shown to predict the stress amplitude below which no fatigue damage accumulates. Second, a simple fatigue damage accumulation model which relates matrix fatigue cracking and the overall laminate properties is described. A model for the saturation damage stage development is presented. Third, data illustrate that identical laminates, tested in directions 90-deg apart (such that one layup has 90-deg outer plies and the other 0-deg), have different fatigue behaviors due to the stacking sequence. The 90-deg plies on the surface develop cracks earlier than predicted by shakedown. An attempt is made to explain this stacking sequence effect. Finally, variable load history effects on the fatigue damage response are investigated by simple tests. These tests reveal that for a given stress ratio the specimen seeks the saturation damage state for the largest stress range to which it is subjected. It also was found that little damage is generated by shifting a given stress range down, whereas significant damage may be created by shifting it upward.
A Housing Price Model with Endogenous Externality Location: A Study of Mobile Home Parks

This research explores the impact of mobile home parks on the value of single-family homes. This is the first study that empirically analyzes the effect of mobile home parks on property values. The empirical methodology used attempts to address the potential identification problem that exists within this study; it is possible that mobile home parks are located in areas of relatively lower land values or next to other land uses that impact property values. To address this identification problem, mobile home park locations are treated as endogenous within the model and the mobile home parks are identified as being located in residential or non-residential areas. The results suggest a negative effect on the selling price of single-family dwellings in close proximity to mobile home parks located in residential areas.
Learning CP-net Preferences Online from User Queries

We present an online, heuristic algorithm for learning Conditional Preference networks CP-nets from user queries. This is the first efficient and resolute CP-net learning algorithm: if a preference order can be represented as a CP-net, our algorithm learns a CP-net in time n p , where p is a bound on the number of parents a node may have. The learned CP-net is guaranteed to be consistent with the original CP-net on all queries from the learning process. We tested the algorithm on randomly generated CP-nets; the learned CP-nets agree with the originals on a high percent of non-training preference comparisons.
PMOG: The projected mixture of Gaussians model with application to blind source separation

We extend the mixtures of Gaussians (MOG) model to the projected mixture of Gaussians (PMOG) model. In the PMOG model, we assume that q dimensional input data points z"i are projected by a q dimensional vector w into 1-D variables u"i. The projected variables u"i are assumed to follow a 1-D MOG model. In the PMOG model, we maximize the likelihood of observing u"i to find both the model parameters for the 1-D MOG as well as the projection vector w. First, we derive an EM algorithm for estimating the PMOG model. Next, we show how the PMOG model can be applied to the problem of blind source separation (BSS). In contrast to conventional BSS where an objective function based on an approximation to differential entropy is minimized, PMOG based BSS simply minimizes the differential entropy of projected sources by fitting a flexible MOG model in the projected 1-D space while simultaneously optimizing the projection vector w. The advantage of PMOG over conventional BSS algorithms is the more flexible fitting of non-Gaussian source densities without assuming near-Gaussianity (as in conventional BSS) and still retaining computational feasibility.
A Simulation Analysis of the Relationship between Retail Sales and Shopping Center Rents

This article examines the variation in rents per square foot among regional shopping centers in the United States in response to variation in retail sales per square foot. The analysis breaks new g...
Cell contacts in the mouse mammary gland: I. Normal gland in postnatal development and the secretory cycle.

The nature and distribution of cell contacts have been examined in thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas of mammary gland samples from female C3H/Crgl mice at stages from birth through pregnancy, lactation, and postweaning involution. Epithelial cells of major mammary ducts at all stages examined are linked at their luminal borders by junctional complexes consisting of tight junctions, variable intermediate junctions, occasional small gap junctions, and one or more series of desmosomes. Scattered desmosomes and gap junctions link ductal epithelial and myoepithelial cells in all combinations; hemidesmosomes attach myoepithelial cells to the basal lamina. Freeze-fracture replicas confirm the erratic distribution of gap junctions and reveal a loose, irregular network of ridges comprising the continuous tight-junctional belts. Alveoli develop early in gestation and initially resemble ducts. Later, as alveoli and small ducts become actively secretory, they lose all desmosomes and most intermediate junctions, whereas tight and gap junctions persist, The tight-junctional network becomes compact and orderly, its undulating ridges oriented predominantly parallel to the luminal surface. It is suggested that these changes in junctional morphology, occurring in secretory cells around parturition, may" be related to the greatly enhanced rate of movement of milk precursors and products tbrough the lactating epithelium, or to the profound and recurrent changes in shape of secretory cells that occur in relation to myoepithelial cell contraction, or to both.
A distribuição de renda nas pesquisas domiciliares brasileiras: harmonização e comparação entre Censos, PNADs e POFs

The aim of this paper is to document and explain the differences in income distribution in three Brazilian household surveys: the Demographic Census, the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD - Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios) and the Family Budgets Survey (POF - Pesquisa de Orcamentos Familiares). The main hypothesis is that it is possible to achieve great convergence of results in the aforementioned surveys with ex post harmonization procedures that minimize, as far as possible, discrepancies in sampling design, in concepts, and in data collection and treatment. The results confirm, to a large extent, this hypothesis: in general, harmonization approximates the three surveys and significantly reduces the major discrepancies between income distributions, in particular concerning Census vs. PNAD comparisons. Although, in some cases, differences persist in the levels of income, inequality and poverty, their tendencies over time become remarkably similar in the three surveys. Finally, it is observed that the remaining discrepancies follow a pattern: even after harmonization, income distribution in PNADs tends to be a little more egalitarian than in Censuses and in POFs, that is, the poorest families have higher incomes and the richest families have lower incomes. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-30982015000000009
The Value-Added Tax Reform Puzzle

This explores the impact of a tax reform in some provinces of China which eliminated the value-added tax on some investment goods. While the goal of the experiment was to encourage upgrading of technology, the results suggest that there was no evident increase overall in fixed investment, and employment fell significantly in the treated provinces and sectors. The reform reduced the total number of employees for all types of firms. For domestic firms, it reduced employment by almost 8 percent. The results are robust to a variety of approaches, and suggest that the primary impact of the policy has been to induce labor-saving growth. This experiment has since been extended to the rest of China.
Swift BAT Instrument Thermal Control System Recovery after Spacecraft Safehold in August 2007

The Swift mission Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) Detector Array thermal control system includes two propylene loop heat pipes (LHPs), eight ammonia constant conductance heat pipes (CCHPs), a radiator that has AZ-Tek's AZW-LA-II low alpha white paint, and precision heater controllers that have adjustable set points in flight. The Power Converter Box (PCB) and Image Processor Electronics (IPE) boxes (a primary and a redundant) of the BAT have Z93P white paint radiators. Swift was successfully launched into orbit on November 20, 2004. The spacecraft (S/C) was placed into a safehold mode on August 10, 2007 after an anomaly on inertial reference unit (IRU) #3. It was returned to inertial pointing on August 16 and instrument power up followed. This paper presents a thermal assessment of the BAT instrument thermal control system (TCS) shut down and recovery as a result of the S/C safehold mode. The recovery required starting up the LHPs manually.
Adaptive statistical sampling methods for decentralized estimation and detection of localized phenomena

The design and deployment of sensor networks (SNET) for decision making pose fundamental challenges due to energy constraints and uncertain environments. In this paper we focus on one such problem where minimization of communication costs due to information exchange is required subject to end to end information quality constraints. Specifically, we develop solutions for detection of distributed events, sources, or abnormalities that are localized, i.e., only a small number of sensors in the vicinity of the phenomena are in the field of observation. This problem complements the standard decentralized detection problem, where noisy information about a global event is measured by the entire network. The global phenomena by itself can be one of several different discrete possibilities and researchers have investigated several architectures within this context. Our objective in this paper is to characterize the fundamental tradeoffs between global performance (false alarms and miss rate) and communication cost. We develop a framework to minimize the communication cost subject to worst-case misclassification constraints by making use of the false discovery rate (FDR) concept along with an optimal local measure transformation at each sensor node. The preliminary results show that the FDR concept applied in a sensor network context leads to significant reduction in the communication cost of the system.
Bundles of C^*-correspondences over directed graphs and a theorem of Ionescu

We give a short proof of a recent theorem of Ionescu which shows that the Cuntz-Pimsner C*-algebra of a certain correspondence associated to a Mauldin-Williams graph is isomorphic to the graph algebra.
Special tight closure

We study the notion of special tight closure of an ideal and show that it can be used as a tool for tight closure computations.
General Auction-Theoretic Strategies for Distributed Partner Selection in Cooperative Wireless Networks

It is unrealistic to assume that all nodes in an ad hoc wireless network would be willing to participate in cooperative communication, especially if their desired Quality-of-Service (QoS) is achievable via direct transmission. An incentive-based auction mechanism is presented to induce cooperative behavior in wireless networks with emphasis on users with asymmetrical channel fading conditions. A single-object second-price auction is studied for cooperative partner selection in single-carrier networks. In addition, a multiple-object bundled auction is analyzed for the selection of multiple simultaneous partners in a cooperative orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) setting. For both cases, we characterize equilibrium outage probability performance, seller revenue, and feedback bounds. The auction-based partner selection allows winning bidders to achieve their desired QoS while compensating the seller who assists them. At the local level sellers aim for revenue maximization, while connections are drawn to min-max fairness at the network level. The proposed strategies for partner selection in self-configuring cooperative wireless networks are shown to be robust under conditions of uncertainty in the number of users requesting cooperation, as well as minimal topology and channel link information available to individual users.
A Simple Two-Module Problem to Exemplify Building-Block Assembly Under Crossover

Theoretically and empirically it is clear that a genetic algorithm with crossover will outperform a genetic algorithm without crossover in some fitness landscapes, and vice versa in other landscapes. Despite an extensive literature on the subject, and recent proofs of a principled distinction in the abilities of crossover and non-crossover algorithms for a particular theoretical landscape, building general intuitions about when and why crossover performs well when it does is a different matter. In particular, the proposal that crossover might enable the assembly of good building-blocks has been difficult to verify despite many attempts at idealized building-block landscapes. Here we show the first example of a two-module problem that shows a principled advantage for crossover. This allows us to understand building-block assembly under crossover quite straightforwardly and build intuition about more general landscape classes favoring crossover or disfavoring it.
Theoretical Study of Internal Rotation in Perfluorobutadiene

Abstract Semiempirical and ab initio molecular orbital methods, including full geometry optimizations, are used to study the rotational profile about the central CC bond of perfluorobutadiene. The MNDO method yields a rather flat potential with a minimum of 109°, corresponding to a nearly perpendicular arrangement of the two CC bonds. The potential calculated by both PRDDO and ab initio with a minimal STO-3G basis set contains two minima. One of these is a nonplanar cisoid type structure corresponding to the experimentally observed conformation. Slightly lower in energy is a planar structure with the two double bonds trans to one another.
Local Food Impacts on Health and Nutrition

Prevalence of local foods is believed to answer several food issues one of which is health and nutrition. This study focused on the on the availability of local foods to consumers and see its relationship with two specific diet-related diseases namely, obesity and diabetes. Other variables were included in the analysis to provide additional evidence to previous findings. Factors considered are divided into 5 groups namely diet-, local food-, environment-, education- and gender-related factors. Diet- and environment-related variables provide the most perceptive findings while local food variables provided significant however weak evidence of positive impacts to health and nutrition.
Which Peers Matter? The Relative Impacts of Collaborators, Colleagues, and Competitors

Abstract Many economists believe knowledge production generates positive spillovers among knowledge producers. The available evidence, however, is mixed. We argue that spillovers can exist along three dimensions: idea, geographic, and collaboration space. To isolate the key channel through which knowledge spills over, we use a unique data set to examine the impact of a large post-1992 exodus of Soviet mathematicians on the output of the nonemigres. Although the data reveal strong competitive effects in idea space, there is evidence of knowledge spillovers in collaboration space, when high-quality researchers directly engage with other researchers in the joint production of new knowledge.
Practical forensic analysis in advanced access content system

In this paper we focus on the use of a traitor tracing scheme for distribution models that are one-to-many. It can be a networked broadcast system; It can be based on prerecorded or recordable physical media. In this type of system, it is infeasible to mark each copy differently for each receipt. Instead, the system broadcasts limited variations at certain points, and a recipient device has the cryptographic keys that allow it to decrypt only one of the variations at each point. Over time, when unauthorized copies of the protected content are observed, a traitor tracing scheme allows the detection of the devices that have participated in the construction of the pirated copies. The authors have been involved in what we believe is the first large-scale deployment of the tracing traitors approach in a content protection standard for the new generation of high-definition DVD optical discs. Along the way, we have had to solve both practical and theoretical problems that had not been apparent in the literature to date. In this paper we will mainly present this state of practice of the traitor tracing technology and show some of our experience in bringing this important technology to practice.