cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Untestable Multi-Cycle Path Delay Faults in Industrial Designs

The need for high-performance pipelined architectures has resulted in the adoption of latch based designs with multiple, interacting clocks. For such designs, time sharing across latches results in signals which propagate across multiple clock cycles along paths with multiple latches. These paths need to be tested for delay failures to ensure reliability of performance. However, many of these multi-cycle paths can be untestable and significant computational effort is wasted in targeting such paths during test generation and fault grading. To save this computational effort, a-priori identification of untestable multicycle paths is desired. We address this issue in our paper through a novel and unique framework: unlike traditional techniques, which focus only on single-cycle path delay faults (for flip-flop based designs with single clock), our framework efficiently identifies untestable multi-cycle path delay faults (Mpdfs) in latch-based designs with multiple clocks. We use a novel graphical representation and sequential implications to identify non-robustly untestable M-pdfs through a three-step methodology. Results for industrial designs demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of our framework.
4.1 The Concept of Biocompatibility

Biocompatibility is a condition met by a biomaterial/device, based on the criteria used to assess the acceptability of the tissue response in relation to the required function of the device. Determinants of the tissue response reside in the intrinsic wound-healing process in the particular tissue or organ into which the biomaterial has been implanted. The response to a biomaterial is, therefore, a characteristic of the host tissue׳s wound-healing process as well as being a characteristic of the biomaterial. The macrophage plays a critical role in the tissue response to implants. It first appears during the inflammatory process induced by the surgical trauma of implantation, and is attracted to the hypoxic environment related to the dead space associated with the presence of the implant. Macrophages and fibroblasts adjacent to an implant form a synovium-like tissue that represents a chronic inflammatory response. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of α-smooth muscle actin-expressing cells capable of contraction, and lubricin, a lubricating glycoprotein, in the tissue around loose implants. These findings may explain the persistence of fibrous scar-like tissue around failing prostheses.
Extensible Network Configuration and Communication Framework

The effort to manage network security systems has increased in complexity over the past years. Network security for a company, university, or government agency can no longer be provided using a single Internet firewall or Intrusion Prevention System (IPS). Today, network administrators must deploy multiple intrusion detection and prevention nodes, traffic shapers, and firewalls in order to effectively protect their network. As the number of devices increases, maintaining a secure environment becomes difficult. This paper presents an infrastructure for control, configuration, and communication between heterogeneous network devices. The approach presented uses a Publish/Subscribe model built on top of a peer-to-peer overlay network in order to distribute information between network intrusion detection and prevention devices.
Utilization of on-site primary care services by HIV-seropositive and seronegative drug users in a methadone maintenance program.

Abstract The feasibility of on-site primary care services and their use by human immunodeficiency virus HIV-seropositive and seronegative injecting drug users within an outpatient methadone maintenance program are examined. A 16-month prospective study was conducted within an ongoing cohort study of HIV infection at a New York City methadone program with on-site primary care services. The study group consisted of 212 seropositive and 264 seronegative drug injectors. A computerized medical encounter data base, with frequencies of primary care visits and with diagnoses for each visit, was linked to the cohort study data base that contained information on patients' demographic characteristics, serologic status, and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts. Eighty-one percent of the drug injectors in the study voluntarily used on-site primary care services in the methadone program. Those who were HIV-seropositive made more frequent visits than those who were seronegative (mean annual visits 8.6 versus 4.1, P < .001), which increased with declining CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts; 79 percent of those who were seropositive with CD4 counts of less than 200 cells per cubic millimeter received on-site zidovudine therapy or prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, or both. Common primary care diagnoses for patients seropositive for HIV included not only conditions specific to the human immunodeficiency virus but also bacterial pneumonia, tuberculosis, genitourinary infections, asthma, dermatologic disease, psychiatric illness, and complications of substance abuse; those who were seronegative were most frequently seen for upper respiratory infection, psychiatric illness, complications of substance abuse, musculoskeletal disease, hypertension, asthma, and diabetes mellitus. Vaginitis and cervicitis,other gynecologic diseases, and pregnancy were frequent primary care diagnoses among both seropositive and seronegative women.
Grafalgo - A Library of Graph Algorithms and Supporting Data Structures (revised)

This report provides an (updated) overview of {\sl Grafalgo}, an open-source library of graph algorithms and the data structures used to implement them. The programs in this library were originally written to support a graduate class in advanced data structures and algorithms at Washington University. Because the code's primary purpose was pedagogical, it was written to be as straightforward as possible, while still being highly efficient. Grafalgo is implemented in C++ and incorporates some features of C++11. The library is available on an open-source basis and may be downloaded from this https URL. Source code documentation is at this http URL\textasciitilde jst/doc/grafalgo. While not designed as production code, the library is suitable for use in larger systems, so long as its limitations are understood. The readability of the code also makes it relatively straightforward to extend it for other purposes.
On the stability of multivariable feedback systems

In this paper, we consider the stability of a multivariable unity feedback system with an r × r rational proper transfer matrix G(s) in the forward path. The analysis is facilitated by introducing an “equivalent” scalar transfer function g(s) which consists of the sum of the determinants of all leading principal minors of G(s). It is shown that the characteristic roots of the multivariable closed loop system consists of two sets, one consisting of the closed loop characteristic roots of the scalar unity feedback system with g(s) in the forward path, and a second set consisting of the subset of open loop characteristic roots which do not appear as poles of g(s). The root locations (RHP or LHP) of the first set of roots can be determined by applying the Nyquist criterion to g(s). This test can be a measurement based test constructed from the individual frequency responses gij(jω) of the entries of G(s). Examples are included for illustration.
Towards safety of transportation systems with a mixture of automated and human-driven vehicles

The fraction of automated vehicles is negligibly small in current ground traffic. Anticipating the development of intelligent vehicle technologies, this fraction is estimated to increase in the coming decades, culminating, if ever, in a fully automated transportation system. Motivated by this we investigate the problem of provable safety for mixed transportation systems featuring both automated vehicles (AVs) as well as human-driven vehicles (HVs). The contribution of our work in [1], briefly summarized here, is in showing how to integrate the two different types of vehicle models safely into a mixed system. We take into account the differences in the capabilities between AVs and HVs in five aspects and design motion planning policies and coordination rules that result in a provably safe system. We also allow AVs to engage in platooning to increase traffic throughput. We prove system-wide safety of the proposed design.
Lotka-Volterra equations: Decomposition, stability, and structure

The major objective of this paper is to propose a new decomposition-aggregation framework for stability analysis of Lotka-Volterra equations employing the concept of vector Liapunov functions. Both the disjoint and the overlapping decompositions are introduced to increase flexibility in constructing Liapunov functions for the overall system. Our second objective is to consider the Lotka-Volterra equations under structural perturbations, and derive conditions under which a positive equilibrium is connectively stable. Both objectives of this paper are directed towards a better understanding of the intricate interplay between stability and complexity in the context of robustness of model ecosystems represented by Lotka-Volterra equations. Only stability of equilibria in models with constant parameters is considered here. Nonequilibrium analysis of models with nonlinear time-varying parameters is the subject of a companion paper.
Formation of a Rigid Amorphous Fraction in Poly(3-(2′-ethyl)hexylthiophene)

Herein, we detail the formation of a rigid amorphous fraction in poly(3-(2′-ethyl)hexylthiophene) (P3EHT) at high relative crystallinity, yielding a more complete picture of the solid-state structure. In the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) heating scans of isothermally crystallized P3EHT a distinct endothermic peak appears slightly above the crystallization temperature. This previously undescribed endothermic feature of P3EHT’s thermal behavior is observed consistently ∼20 °C above the crystallization temperature—shifting to higher temperatures with increasing crystallization temperature—and increases in magnitude with both time and crystallization temperature. Here, we determine the origins of this endothermic peak with DSC and temperature-modulated DSC (TMDSC). TMDSC reveals that the annealing peak observed in the total heat flow (THF)—heat flow equivalent to that of conventional DSC—is a consequence of an enthalpic relaxation observable as an endothermic peak in the nonreversible heat flow (NHF...
INBREEDING AND THE COST OF MEIOSIS: THE EVOLUTION OF SELFING IN POPULATIONS PRACTICING BIPARENTAL INBREEDING

The effect of biparental inbreeding on the conditions governing the evolution of selfing is examined using recursions in mating-type frequencies. Sibmating in combination with random outcrossing influences two key determinants of the adaptive value of selfing: 1) the meiotic cost of biparental reproduction and 2) the level of inbreeding depression due to deleterious mutations. Biparental inbreeding serves to maintain biparental reproduction by increasing relatedness between parents and their biparentally derived offspring and introduces the possibility of an optimal mating system that incorporates both modes of reproduction. Biparental inbreeding serves to promote uniparental reproduction by reducing the relative inbreeding depression suffered by uniparental offspring. The net effect of these two antagonistic trends depends upon the extent to which mu- tational load accounts for differences in the numbers of the two types of offspring. A brief summary of the empirical literature suggests that: 1) biparental inbreeding may occur in populations exhibiting mixed mating systems; 2) while inbreeding depression represents an important factor, it does not account entirely for differences in offspring number between the two modes of reproduction.
On the influence of a bimaterial interface on dynamic stress intensity factors

The method of dynamic Green's function and the integral transforms are applied to investigate the elasto-dynamic stress intensity factor of a crack straddling an interface of a bimaterial composite. The crack which extends to infinity on one side is assumed to extend an arbitrary distancea on the other side of the interface. Anti-plane line loads are suddenly applied at timet=0 on either side of the crack surface at arbitrary distancesl1 andl2 from the interface. The effect of the interface on the dynamic stress field near the crack tip is studied. It is found that the transmitted wave through the interface and reflected wave from the interface serve to increase or decrease the stress field in the vicinity of the crack tip depending on the elastic properties of the two materials.
Resistance of the Citrus Red Mite to Organic Phosphates in California

Under a program in which demeton was used in a California lemon grove to control citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (MeG.), and parathion was used to control California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.) , the citrus red mite developed resistance to demeton applications. Laboratory evaluations showed that mites resistant to demeton were also resistant in varying degrees to 14 other organic phosphates. It required ]5,000 and 80,000 times the concentration of Trithion, and only 8 and II times the concentration of Bio 1240 (Bis 5-(diethoxyphosphinothioyl) mercapto methane) in the spray to deposit sufficient residues to effect 50% and 95% mortalities, respectively, in the resistant strain of mites as compared to the nonresistant. In field tests during 1957 those materials known to be effective in controlling nonresistant citrus red mites were ineffective in groves where resistance had developed through the use of both demeton and parathion.
A microfluidic galvanic cell on a single layer of paper

Abstract Paper microfluidics is used to produce single layer galvanic and hybrid cells to produce energy that could power paper-based analytical sensors. When two aqueous streams are absorbed onto paper to establish co-laminar flow, the streams stay in contact with each other with limited mixing. The interface at which mixing occurs acts as a charge-transfer region, eliminating the need for a salt bridge. We designed a Cu Zn galvanic cell that powers an LED when two are placed in series. We also used more powerful redox couples (formate and silver, formate and permanganate) to produce higher power density (18 and 3.1 mW mg−1 Pd). These power densities are greater than previously reported paper microfluidic fuel cells using formate or methanol. The single layer design is much more simplified than previous reports of multi-layer galvanic cells on paper.
The Soldering Research for 0.5 mm Pitch CSP

With portability and multi-function being pursued in all kinds of electronic products,especially in consumptive products,CSPs (package sizes are 1.2 times as much as theirs bare die sizes) now are being applied in products design.CSPs lead pitches are 0.8 mm,0.75 mm,0.65 mm,0.5 mm.Introduce the research in design and soldering of 0.5 mm CSP,emphasizing on soldering.
Numerical modeling of loading tests on a rammed aggregate pier

A three-dimensional numerical method is used to delicately simulate the installation and in-situ loading tests on a single rammed aggregate pier(RAP) with the initial diameter of 0.76 m and initial length of 5.05 m.An unrammed aggregate pier(UAP) with the same dimensions is also simulated using the numerical method for the purpose of comparison.The computed and measured settlements at the top and bottom of the RAP are in good agreement.The ratio of the UAP to RAP top settlements is 1.8 to 10.7 whereas their bottom settlements are quite small.The bulging along the UAP shaft is much greater than that along the RAP shaft at the same loading.The magnitude of axial forces along the RAP shaft decreases significantly with depth,while for the UAP,the bulging along the shaft becomes greater as the top loading increases to a certain level.The bulging increases shaft friction forces.As a result,the magnitude of axial forces along the shaft decreases significantly with the depth.
Spatial localization and distribution of the TMS-related 'hotspot' of the tibialis anterior muscle representation in the healthy and post-stroke motor cortex.

Abstract Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a type of noninvasive brain stimulation used to study corticomotor excitability of the intact and injured brain. Identification of muscle representations in the motor cortex is typically done using a procedure called ‘hotspotting’, which involves establishing the optimal location on the scalp that evokes a maximum TMS response with minimum stimulator intensity. The purpose of this study was to report the hotspot locations for the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle representation in the motor cortex of healthy and post stroke individuals. A retrospective data analyses from 42 stroke participants and 32 healthy participants was conducted for reporting TMS hotspot locations and their spatial patterns. Single pulse TMS, using a 110 mm double cone coil, was used to identify the motor representation of the TA. The hotspot locations were represented as x and y-distances from the vertex for each participant. The mediolateral extent of the loci from the vertex (x-coordinate) and anteroposterior extent of the loci from the vertex (y-coordinate) was reported for each hemisphere: non-lesioned (XNLes, YNLes), lesioned (XLes, YLes) and healthy (XH, YH). We found that the mean hotspot loci for TA muscle from the vertex were approximately: 1.29 cm lateral and 0.55 cm posterior in the non-lesioned hemisphere, 1.25 cm lateral and 0.5 cm posterior in the lesioned hemisphere and 1.6 cm lateral and 0.8 cm posterior in the healthy brain. There was no significant difference in the x- and y-coordinates between the lesioned and non-lesioned hemispheres. However, the locations of the XNLes (p = 0.01) and XLes (p = 0.004) were significantly different from XH. The YNLes and YLes showed no significant differences from YH loci. Analyses of spatial clustering patterns using the Moran's I index showed a negative autocorrelation in stroke participants (NLes: Moran's I = −0.09, p
Predictive Likelihood Inference with Applications

SUMMARY Conditional and marginal predictive likelihood are defined and used in predicting un- observed or missing data. A distinction is made between predictive and estimative goals of a data analysis. Such methodology and distinctions are illustrated in the context of outlier theory and mixed model ANO VA. The prediction of unobserved or missing data is considered from a likelihood perspective. A general predictive likelihood is proposed for such purposes and contrasted with parametric likelihood. The resulting maximum likelihood predictor is also compared with the limiting imputation from the EM algorithm. The new methodology is illustrated and contrasted with estimative likelihood analysis in the context of outlier theory and mixed model ANO VA. Predictions are proposed that are based on conditional and marginal predictive likelihoods for the unobserved data which are predictive adaptations of the methods developed by Kalbfleisch and Sprott (1970, 1973). These authors were concerned with the elimination of nuisance parameters in order to make inference about another set of structural parameters. Prediction in the frame- work of parametric distributions involves the elimination of all parameters in such a way that inference about the unobserved data is possible. Therefore, in the predictive setting, all para- meters are nuisance parameters and the unobserved data now play a role similar to that of the structural parameters. Various predictive approaches to statistical inference have been advocated, principally by Geisser (1971, 1975), Stone (1974), Aitchison and Dunsmore (1975), and Guttman (1970). A survey is provided by Geisser (1980) and a brief overview in a parametric setting is presented in the next Section. Following this, a conditional likelihood approach is developed and shown to be closely related to the Lauritzen (1974)-Hinkley (1979) likelihood method but specified in a manner allowing for a wider range of applicability. A marginal predictive likelihood procedure is also specified which, when applicable, essentially agrees with the conditional likelihood procedure for the examples considered. For a general account of likelihood-based inference, see Fraser
Patterns of benthic mega-invertebrate habitat associations in the Pacific Northwest continental shelf waters: a reassessment

As human impacts and demands for ocean space increase (fisheries, aquaculture, marine reserves, renewable energy), identification of marine habitats hosting sensitive biological assemblages has become a priority. Epifaunal invertebrates, especially the structure-forming species, are an increasing conservation concern as many traditional (bottom-contact fishing) and novel (marine renewable energy) ocean uses have the potential to displace or otherwise impact these slow-growing organisms. The differences in mega-invertebrate species assemblages between high-relief rocks and low-relief sediments are well documented and likely hold for most marine environments. In anticipation of potential development of marine renewable energy faculties off Oregon and Washington (USA), a survey of the benthic invertebrate assemblages and habitats was conducted on three rocky reefs on the continental shelf of the Pacific Northwest, using video footage collected by remotely operated vehicle, to more finely characterize these assemblage–habitat associations. Benthic assemblages appeared to first group by depth (50–80 vs. 100–120 m), then by relief (consolidated rocks vs. unconsolidated rocks and soft sediments). Consolidated rocks were characterized at each site by a combination of various sponges, gorgonians, sea anemones and echinoderms; unconsolidated rocks were characterized at Grays Bank by sea anemones and burrowing brittle stars, and at Bandon-Arago by sponges and echinoderms; soft sediments were characterized at Grays Bank and Siltcoos Reef by sea whips and burrowing brittle stars, as well as pink shrimps and sea stars at Siltcoos Reef, and at Bandon-Arago by sponges, gorgonians and echinoderms. The results of this study will help classify and map the seafloor in a way that represents benthic habitats reflective of biological species assemblage distributions, rather than solely geological features, and support conservation and management planning.
Efficient modular testing and test resource partitioning for core-based SoCs

Test resource partitioning (TRP) deals with the partitioning and optimisation of test resources to enhance test effectiveness and reduce test cost. This chapter describes the use of TRP for complex ICs and presents recent advancements in test access mechanisms, test scheduling and test data compression. This chapter begins with an introduction to the latest IC design philosophy system-on-a-chip (SoC). Increasing SoC sizes lead to greater test resource require ments for manufacturing test. This growth in test resource requirements motivates the need for efficient TRP techniques during SoC test development.
Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS): Past, current, and future activities

The overall goal of the Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS) community activities reported in this special issue is to enhance understanding of processes and mechanisms driving Arctic Ocean marine and sea ice changes, and the consequences of those changes especially in biogeochemical and ecosystem studies. Major 2013–2015 FAMOS accomplishments to date are: identification of consistent errors across Arctic regional models; approaches to reduce these errors, and recommendations for the most effective coupled sea ice-ocean models for use in fully coupled regional and global climate models. 2013–2015 FAMOS coordinated analyses include many process studies, using models together with observations to investigate: dynamics and mechanisms responsible for drift, deformation and thermodynamics of sea ice; pathways and mechanisms driving variability of the Atlantic, Pacific and river waters in the Arctic Ocean; processes of freshwater accumulation and release in the Beaufort Gyre; the fate of melt water from Greenland; characteristics of ocean eddies; biogeochemistry and ecosystem processes and change, climate variability, and predictability. Future FAMOS collaborations will focus on employing models and conducting observations at high and very high spatial and temporal resolution to investigate the role of subgrid-scale processes in regional Arctic Ocean and coupled ice-ocean and atmosphere-ice-ocean models.
Minimally Invasive Approaches to Achalasia

The incidence of achalasia in children is lower than that observed in adults; however, the contemporary management strategies have been similar. Although dilatation and botulinum toxin injection of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) have been utilized in children, surgical myotomy has resulted in the most reliable definitive therapy for achalasia.
Bacterial phytopathogen infection disrupts belowground plant indirect defense mediated by tritrophic cascade.

Plants can defend themselves against herbivores through activation of defensive pathways and attraction of third-trophic-level predators and parasites. Trophic cascades that mediate interactions in the phytobiome are part of a larger dynamic including the pathogens of the plant itself, which are known to greatly influence plant defenses. As such, we investigated the impact of a phloem-limited bacterial pathogen, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), in cultivated citrus rootstock on a well-studied belowground tritrophic interaction involving the attraction of an entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), Steinernema diaprepesi, to their root-feeding insect hosts, Diaprepes abbreviatus larvae. Using belowground olfactometers, we show how CLas infection interferes with this belowground interaction by similarly inducing the release of a C12 terpene, pregeijerene, and disconnecting the association of the terpene with insect presence. D. abbreviatus larvae that were not feeding but in the presence of a CLas-infected plant were more likely to be infected by EPN than those near uninfected plants. Furthermore, nonfeeding larvae associated with CLas-infected plants were just as likely to be infected by EPN as those near noninfected plants with D. abbreviatus larval damage. Larvae of two weevil species, D. abbreviatus and Pachnaeus litus, were also more attracted to plants with infection than to uninfected plants. D. abbreviatus larvae were most active when exposed to pregeijerene at a concentration of 0.1 μg/μl. We attribute this attraction to CLas-infected plants to the same signal previously thought to be a herbivore-induced plant volatile specifically induced by root-feeding insects, pregeijerene, by assessing volatiles collected from the roots of infected plants and uninfected plants with and without feeding D. abbreviatus. Synthesis. Phytopathogens can influence the structuring of soil communities extending to the third trophic level. Field populations of EPN may be less effective at host-finding using pregeijerene as a cue in citrus grove agroecosystems with high presence of CLas infection.
Establishing Evidence for Internal Structure Using Exploratory Factor Analysis

ABSTRACTExploratory factor analysis (EFA) is a data reduction technique used to condense data into smaller sets of summary variables by identifying underlying factors potentially accounting for patterns of collinearity among said variables. Using an illustrative example, the 5 general steps of EFA are described with best practices for decision making provided.
Chemical Dynamics Simulation of Low Energy N2 Collisions with Graphite

A chemical dynamics simulation was performed to study low energy collisions between N2 and a graphite surface. The simulations were performed as a function of collision energy (6.34 and 14.41 kcal/mol), incident polar angle (20–70°) and random azimuthal angle. The following properties were determined and analyzed for the N2 + graphite collisions: (1) translational and rotational energy distributions of the scattered N2; (2) distribution of the final polar angle for the scattered N2; (3) number of bounces of N2 on the surface before scattering. Direct scattering with only a single bounce is dominant for all incident angles. Scattering with multiple collisions with the surface becomes important for incident angles far from the surface normal. For trajectories that desorb, the parallel component of the N2 incident energy is conserved due to the extremely short residence times of N2 on the surface. For scattering with an incident energy of 6.34 kcal/mol, incident polar angle of 40°, and final polar angle of 5...
Propensity-Matched Analysis of Patients with Mixed Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Liver Transplantation

Mixed hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinomas (HCC-CCAs) are rare tumors with both hepatocellular and biliary differentiation. While liver transplantation (LT) is the gold standard treatment for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it is contraindicated in known HCC-CCA because of concerns of poor prognosis. We sought to compare posttransplant oncologic outcomes for HCC-CCA and a matched cohort of HCC LT recipients. A retrospective, single-center analysis (1984-2015) identified 12 patients with mixed HCC-CCA who were matched 1:3 to patients with HCC on both pretransplant (radiologic diameter and alpha-fetoprotein) and explant (pathologic diameter, grade/differentiation, and vascular invasion) tumor characteristics. Compared with HCC patients matched on pretransplant characteristics (n = 36), HCC-CCA had higher explant tumor grade, more poorly differentiated tumors, but similar T stage and vascular invasion. HCC-CCA recipients trended toward inferior recurrence-free survival at 5 years (28% versus 61%; P = 0.12) and greater recurrence (HCC-CCA: 50%, median time to recurrence 297 days versus HCC: 22%, median time to recurrence 347 days; P = 0.07). However, when matched to a separate HCC cohort with similar explant pathology, HCC-CCA had similar 5-year recurrence-free survival (42% versus 44%; P = 0.45) and posttransplant recurrence (50% versus 27%; P = 0.13). All 6 HCC-CCA recurrences occurred with poorly differentiated tumors (median survival 21.3 months), without a single recurrence in 5 of the 12 HCC-CCA patients with well-moderately differentiated tumors (median survival 60.2 months). Mixed HCC-CCA tumors are more likely poorly differentiated tumors compared with HCC with similar pretransplant characteristics. However, compared with HCC with similar pathologic characteristics, they display similar recurrence-free survival and are not inherently more aggressive tumors. Low-grade, well-moderately differentiated HCC-CCAs have excellent survival with a low risk for post-LT recurrence, and they should not be excluded from LT. Improved pretransplant identification of pathologic characteristics in HCC-CCA may allow for successful utilization of LT in this subset of patients.
Teaching Replays, Teaching Rehearsals, and Re-Visions of Practice: Learning From Colleagues in a Mathematics Teacher Community

Background/ContextResearch shows that teachers’ understandings of students, subject, and teaching influence their classroom practice. Additionally, teachers’ colleagues have a role in shaping indiv...
Some Further Levels of Notional Structure

Previous chapters of this book have presented the notional structure of monologue and dialogue along with the surface structures which encode them, sketched the notional structures of combinations of predications—with a few side-glances at some of the sentence and paragraph structures which encode them, and explored the notional structure of predications. The combinations of predications are like molecules which can range from relatively simple structures to the complexities of polymers and DNA. In turn, predications are like the atoms of discourse—ranging again from very simple to very complex units. But just as atoms have sub-atomic particles, so in discourse there are units, both notional and surface, that range below the predication. Such further units of structure are explored here along with a discussion of performatives.
Analysis of sensory information using neural networks

Feeding and oviposition decisions are made by the insect central nervous system based on neural input from chemoreceptors responding to phytochemical stimuli. There are four or more chemosensory neurons in most gustatory sensilla, and each substance or plant elicits a response from more than one. The mixture of neuronal responses represents a “pattern” that is repeatable when stimulating with the same substance or plant on the same sensillum. Presumably patterns elicited by acceptable substances or plants are different from those of unacceptable ones. In attempting to understand what these input patterns mean to the animal, we have used a cybernetic approach to analyze the information content of the sensory inputs to help us understand the types of information needed for a behavioral decision. The eventual goal is to have the computer find patterns in the data that the insect uses or might use to differentiate between host plants and non-host plants. The specific question we address here is whether neural network algorithms can be “trained” with raw electrophysiological recordings as inputs, and, if so, whether they can then “recognize” similarities in other recordings submitted as “test” data.
The Completeness of IR. Uncountable Sets

We now approach the proof that ℝ is uncountable. Since the set Q of all rational numbers is countable, it is clear that any valid proof of the uncountability of ℝ must use the continuity of ℝ. The classical formulation of this is as follows.
Berwald Spaces and Szabó’s Theorem for Berwald Surfaces

In this chapter, we study Berwald spaces in some detail. Here are several reasons why such spaces are so important. These reasons are elaborated upon as the chapter unfolds.
Noradrenergic depletion causes sex specific alterations in the endocannabinoid system in the Murine prefrontal cortex

Abstract Brain endocannabinoids (eCB), acting primarily via the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1r), are involved in the regulation of many physiological processes, including behavioral responses to stress. A significant neural target of eCB action is the stress-responsive norepinephrine (NE) system, whose dysregulation is implicated in myriad psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Using Western blot analysis, the protein expression levels of a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the eCB 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), diacylglycerol lipase-α (DGL-α), and two eCB degrading enzymes monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) were examined in a mouse model that lacks the NE-synthesizing enzyme, dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH-knockout, KO) and in rats treated with N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine hydrochloride (DSP-4). In the prefrontal cortex (PFC), DGL-α protein expression was significantly increased in male and female DβH-KO mice (P
Novel Inter-omic Analysis Reveals Relationships Between Diverse Gut Microbiota and Host Immune Dysregulation in HLA-B27-Induced Experimental Spondyloarthritis.

Objective To define inflammation-related host-microbe interactions in experimental spondyloarthritis (SpA) using novel inter-omic approaches. Methods The relative frequency of gut microbes was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, and gene expression using RNA-Seq of host tissue. HLA-B27/human β2 -microglobulin-transgenic (HLA-B27-transgenic) and wild-type rats from dark agouti, Lewis, and Fischer backgrounds were used. Inter-omic analyses using Cytoscape were employed to identify relevant relationships. PICRUSt was used to predict microbial functions based on known metagenomic profiles. Results Inter-omic analysis revealed several gut microbes that were strongly associated with dysregulated cytokines driving inflammatory response pathways, such as interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-23, IL-17, IL-1, interferon-γ (IFNγ), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Many microbes were uniquely associated with inflammation in Lewis or Fischer rats, and one was relevant on both backgrounds. Several microbes that were strongly correlated with immune dysregulation were not differentially abundant in HLA-B27-transgenic compared to wild-type controls. A multi-omic network analysis revealed non-overlapping clusters of microbes in Lewis and Fischer rats that were strongly linked to overlapping dysregulated immune/inflammatory genes. Prevotella, Clostridiales, and Blautia were important in Lewis rats, while Akkermansia muciniphila and members of the Lachnospiraceae family dominated in Fischer rats. Inflammation-associated metabolic pathway perturbation (e.g., butanoate, propanoate, lipopolysaccharide, and steroid biosynthesis) was also predicted from both backgrounds. Conclusion Inter-omic and network analysis of gut microbes and the host immune response in experimental SpA provides an unprecedented view of organisms strongly linked to dysregulated IL-23, IL-17, IL-1, IFNγ, and TNF. Functional similarities between these organisms may explain why animals of different genetic backgrounds exhibit common patterns of immune dysregulation, possibly through perturbation of similar metabolic pathways. These results highlight the power of linking analyses of gut microbiota with the host immune response to gain insights into the role of dysbiotic microbes in SpA beyond taxonomic profiling.
A Novel Android Memory Management Policy Focused on Periodic Habits of a User

Responsiveness and energy saving are key issues on the Smartphones due to its limited battery capacity. For gaining of execution delay and energy saving, the Android OS manage the main memory by LRU-based algorithm to maintain some terminated applications which expected to be re-execution soon. However, this LRU-based history does not correspond with the user’s behavior because most applications may be invoked by the user’s periodic habits. In this paper, we propose a novel memory management policy to improve such mismatch. The proposed policy based on user behavior outperforms about 10–30 % compare to the LRU-based policy.
A content analysis-based approach to explore simulation verification and identify its current challenges

Verification is a crucial process to facilitate the identification and removal of errors within simulations. This study explores semantic changes to the concept of simulation verification over the past six decades using a data-supported, automated content analysis approach. We collect and utilize a corpus of 4,047 peer-reviewed Modeling and Simulation (MS (ii) a comparison of the prominence of verification, validation, and Verification and Validation (VV (iii) the positioning of the concepts specifically associated with verification; and (iv) an evaluation of verification’s defining characteristics within each decade. Our analysis reveals unique characterizations of verification in each decade. The insights gathered helped to identify and discuss three categories of verification challenges as avenues of future research, awareness, and understanding for researchers, students, and practitioners. These categories include conveying confidence and maintaining ease of use; techniques’ coverage abilities for handling increasing simulation complexities; and new ways to provide error feedback to model users.
Ag-Gag Free Nation

This Article identifies the threat that agriculture security legislation — or ag-gag laws — pose to unauthorized animal and agribusiness workers. This Article advocates full recognition of First Amendment speech rights to unauthorized workers, especially in the ag-gag context, to counter the threat of coercion. Part I of this Article profiles unauthorized workers in the U.S. animal and agriculture industry. Part II discusses nationwide First Amendment litigation on ag-gag laws and describes how the effects on unauthorized workers has been largely ignored in the ag-gag debate. Part III theorizes how the right that ag-gag laws seek to protect weighs against the First Amendment rights of unauthorized workers.
The rise and fall of the American pedestrian mall

This research provides a historical analysis of the American experiment with pedestrian malls. Specifically, we ask why some pedestrian malls have failed and were reopened to vehicular traffic whil...
A hybrid intelligent model for reservoir production and associated dynamic risks

Abstract This research presents a hybrid model to predict oil production and to provide a dynamic risk profile of the production system. The introduced predictive approach combines a multilayer perceptron (MLP)-artificial neural network (ANN) model with a hybrid connectionist strategy (BN-DBN), which comprises a Bayesian network (BN) model and a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) model. The proposed hybrid methodology (MLP-BN-DBN) is designed to find the correlations between the input and output data to forecast the desired oil production rate. The MLP model captures the variabilities in the fluid and rock properties, model's uncertainties, and the effects of pressure maintenance on the production process. The BN model uses the 3 σ mathematical rule to promptly signal the arrival of any production rate change and captures the pressure maintenance impact using the early warning source indexes. The DBN model provides a dynamic risk profile of the production system using the observed evidence and reservoir production hyperbolic decline concept. The proposed methodology offers the field operators better opportunity to obtain real time estimate of the likelihood of any impending production loss at any time during production operations. The model exhibits a high capability of oil production prediction with the minimum, average, and maximum percentage errors of 0.01%, 6.57%, and 15.28%, respectively. The developed hybrid model serves as a risk monitoring system. The model is cost-effective and eases the computational burden of history matching processes and bridges the gaps in the existing systems for oilfield development dynamic risk forecast and production predictions. Hence, the proposed methodology offers a multipurpose tool for dynamic risk assessment and for proper reservoir production optimization.
GPU-Based Linearization of MIMO Arrays

In this paper, we present a graphics processing unit (GPU)-based implementation for linearizing the power amplifiers (PAs) in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) arrays leading to lower error vector magnitude for the users and lower adjacent channel leakage ratio at the output of each antenna. In wireless transmitters, the nonlinearities of PAs can cause undesired spectral regrowth into the adjacent channels. For single antenna communications, this is corrected by digitally predistorting the transmit signal with the inverse nonlinearities of the power amplifier. However, in 5G and beyond, MIMO systems may have over one-hundred antennas and PAs that need to be linearized. Scaling up digital predistortion so that it can be performed on every transmit chain in large antenna arrays creates a significant computational burden for the base station. The parallel processing structure of GPUs provides a commercially available off-the-shelf solution that can be used to efficiently implement digital predistortion across many PAs in a massive MIMO basestation. Such a software-based solution is particularly attractive in virtual radio access networks or other software-defined radio scenarios. In this paper, we examine how the widely used memory polynomial scales on a GPU as the number of antennas scales up to 128, the number of memory taps scales up to four, and the polynomial degree scales up to nine. We find that a mid-range GPU can support predistortion for a sample rate of 100 MSps for up to thirty-two antennas while using a seventh-order polynomial with two memory taps.
Determination of preferential binder oxidation in HTGR matrix material subjected to high temperature steam

Abstract Graphitic matrix material encapsulates tristructural isotropic (TRISO) coated fuel particles and is a structural component for both pebble and cylindrical fuel compacts in high temperature gas reactor (HTGR) designs. In an off-normal event involving steam exposure, the matrix material is exposed to oxidants, leading to degradation of the fuel compact and subsequent exposure of the TRISO particle fuel to oxidizing species. This study presents microstructural characterization of matrix material after exposure to high temperature (1200°C), 48 kPa steam in which the evolved microstructure demonstrated nonuniform degradation. Subsequent Raman spectroscopy determined the nature of the remaining material post-exposure. The electron microscopy characterization suggests and Raman spectroscopic analysis confirms, under off-normal conditions, the carbonized phenolic resin binder is preferentially oxidized ahead of the graphite flake filler and is responsible for the nonuniform degradation and enhanced depth of attack.
Genome-wide profiling of chromosomal aberrations in renal cell carcinoma using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism arrays

1699 Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the top ten leading causes of cancer death in the United States. Clear cell RCC (ccRCC) accounts for about 80% of all RCC cases. The accumulation of genetic aberrations plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of ccRCC and most other cancers. The identification of genetic aberrations may help understand the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and have implications for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. SNP-CGH is a newly developed powerful tool to detect both copy number variations and LOH events. In this study, we applied Illumina’s 317K high-density SNP-arrays to profile chromosomal aberrations in tumors from 81 histologically confirmed RCC patients. Of the 81 tumors, 73 exhibited chromosome abnormalities. The most common chromosome losses were 3p, with 67 tumors (82.7%) having loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 3p, including 35 ( 43.2%) whole 3p arm loss, 31 (38.3%) large fragment LOH (mostly spanning 3p21-pter), and 1 interstitial LOH (spanning 3p12-14, 3p21-22, and 3p24, but not including VHL gene in 3p25), followed by chromosome losses at 14q (29.6%), 8p21-pter (25.9%), 6q23-25 (24.7%), 1p36 (18.5%), 9q32-qter (16.1%), 10q26 (16.1%), and 9p21-23 (14.8%). The most frequent chromosome gains were at 5q (29 cases, 35.8%), including 9 whole chromosome arm 5q amplification, 19 common amplifications in 5q32-ter, and 1 focal amplification in 5q35.3 with a length 0.65MB. Two other common chromosome gains were at 5p (12.4%) and 8q (11.1%). We then analyzed the association of LOH/amplification events at each chromosome arm with clinicopathological characteristics. LOH at 13q and 9q exhibited significant associations with larger tumor size (rank sum p = 0.025 and 0.047, respectively). Significant associations of LOH at 9p (p = 0.002), 18q (p = 0.002), 17p (p = 0.011), 14q (p = 0.023), 8q (p = 0.033), 4q and 9q (p = 0.041 for both) were observed with higher nuclear grade. The percentage of samples with LOH at 2p at higher stage (18.52%) was significantly more than that at lower stage (3.8%) (p = 0.04). We also observed significantly positive association between tumor stage and LOH at 2p and 14q (p = 0.04 for both). No significant association was detected between amplification and any of the clinicopathological parameters. This is the first study to use high-density SNP-array CGH to profile whole-genome chromosome aberrations in RCC. The identified regions may lead to the discovery of novel genes involved in RCC development and progression. Supported by NCI grant CA098897.
Suicide Prevention Programs Across U.S. Outpatient Mental Health Care Settings: Differences by Facility Ownership

Objective:This study aimed to examine whether facility ownership (public, private nonprofit, private for-profit ownership) was associated with provision of suicide prevention programs.Methods:A ret...