cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Just Be …… Cause

It may be extraordinarily difficult to unequivocally demonstrate a causal relationship. Presenting clear evidence of causality will be of particular importance for the researcher when it becomes necessary to convince others of a relationship that will be the basis for decision-making and social policy issues.
Nuclear Receptor · Estrogen Complexes of Rat Uteri:

Estrogen sensitive tissues contain macromolecules called receptors, R, that bind estrogen, E, in a stereospecific manner. This binding interaction is generally considered to be a prerequisite for estrogen-induced responses (1,2,3). The formation of the receptor estrogen complex, R·E, occurs in the cytoplasm of estrogen sensitive cells, and this complex is translocated to the nucleus where it is probably bound to acceptor sites on the chromatin (1,2, 4). The interaction of R·E with acceptor sites in the nucleus is considered to be important in the stimulation of RNA synthesis which ultimately results in estrogen-induced responses (4–8). Most of these conclusions have arisen from experiments with uterine tissue in vitro or under cell free conditions. Little is known about the relationship between the receptor·estradiol interaction and estrogen-induced responses in vivo. The purpose of the following experiments is to describe the relationships between the receptor estrogen interaction and estrogenic responses under physiologic circumstances.
A Case of giant cell myocarditis and malignant thymoma: A postmortem diagnosis by needle biopsy

This paper reports a case of fulminant giant cell myocarditis arising in association with a malignant thymoma causing death in a 46-year-old woman. Although the diagnosis was suspected in life, postmortem examination was required for confirmation of giant cell myocarditis. Consent was obtained only for percutaneous needle biopsy of the heart. In order to respect the family's wishes and harvest sufficient diagnostic myocardium, a simple needle-based biopsy technique was devised. A bone marrow trephine needle was attached to a 20 ml syringe and, with suction, multiple passes were used to fill 15 tissue cassettes. The cores were placed immediately in formalin and B5 fixatives. High-quality tissue preservation was obtained without crush artefact. Immunohistochemical studies of the biopsy tissue confirmed that the giant cells were of macrophage derivation.
Group Q Streptococci I. Ecology, Serology, Physiology, and Relationship to Established Enterococci

The group Q streptococci possess unique serological and physiological characteristics which differentiate them from established enterococci. The group Q antigen was not demonstrable in all strains; however, all possessed the group D antigen. All group Q strains were physiologically similar regardless of whether or not they possessed the group Q antigen. These strains differed from the established enterococcal species, as they neither hydrolyzed arginine nor initiated growth in 1.0% methylene blue-milk. They also differed radically in the fermentation of various carbohydrates, especially the polyhydric sugar alcohols. The results indicate that the group Q streptococci constitute a unique taxonomic entity; the species designation Streptococcus avium sp. n. is suggested, owing to their characteristic occurrence in chicken fecal specimens.
Interaction of light pulses with matter: II. A single absorber exposed to a multi-photon pulse

The dynamics of an absorber interacting with light pulses generated by a particular superposition of muti-photon states has been examined. The probability amplitude BI(t) of the fluorescent intermediate state is obtained as a convolution of the pulse-envelope φ ˜ ( t ) with the “decay” amplitude C ˜ s s ( t ) of the intermediate state. However, the explicit expressions for φ ˜ ( t ) and C ˜ s s ( t ) are somewhat more complex than those found for single-photon pulses. For step-function pulses the results go over to those obtained earlier by Mower and Schurr, and exhibit an interesting range of behavior, especially at high intensities. At low intensities the results agree with those found for one-photon pulses, except for near-resonant pulses with about the same relaxation time as that of the molecular excited state. In that case a subtantial difference is found.
Female Song Tradition and the Akan of Ghana: The Creative Process in Nnwonkoro

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Kwasi Ampene Year: 2005 Pages: 258 Publisher: Ashgate Publishing ISBN: 978-0-7546-3147-7 (hard cover). Prices: $99.95 USD(hard cover).
Safe computing on campus and at home

Headlines about computer security breaches occur almost daily. The popular press, the web, and software documentation, include a vast array of remedies for safeguarding one's personal computer from such attacks. For many, keeping up with computer security is overwhelming. This tutorial covers an extensive but concise range of strategies for securing your office and home computers. You can use them yourself, teach them to your students and share them with your colleagues.
Mid‐Infrared Transmission Microspectroscopy

The sections in this article are Introduction History Instrumentation Objectives Apertures or Field Stops System Layout and Magnification Detectors Automation Performance Evaluation Applications and Sampling Modes Transmission Microspectroscopy Reflection Measurements Quantitative Measurements New and Future Directions
Effects of streptozotocin‐induced diabetes on bladder and erectile (dys)function in the same rat in vivo

OBJECTIVE To establish the methods, feasibility and utility of evaluating the impact of diabetes on bladder and erectile function in the same rat, as more than half of diabetic patients have bladder dysfunction, and half of diabetic men have erectile dysfunction, but the severity of coincident disease has not been rigorously assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS In all, 16 F-344 rats had diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ), and were divided into insulin-treated (five) and untreated (11), and compared with age-matched controls (10), all assessed in parallel. All STZ rats were diabetic for 8–11 weeks. Cystometric studies were conducted on all rats, with cavernosometric studies conducted on a subset of rats. RESULTS There were insulin-reversible increases in the following cystometric variables; bladder weight, bladder capacity, micturition volume, residual volume, micturition pressure and spontaneous activity (P < 0.05, in all, one-way analysis of variance, anova). Cavernosometry showed a diabetes-related, insulin-reversible decline in the cavernosal nerve-stimulated intracavernosal pressure (ICP) response at all levels of current stimulation (P < 0.05, in all one-way anova). Plotting erectile capacity (i.e. ICP) against bladder capacity showed no correlation between the extent of the decline in erectile capacity and the magnitude of the increase in bladder capacity. CONCLUSIONS These studies extend previous work to indicate that the extent of diabetes-related bladder and erectile dysfunction can vary in the same rat. As such, these findings highlight the importance of evaluating the impact of diabetes on multiple organ systems in the lower urinary tract. Future studies using this model system should lead to a better understanding of the initiation, development, progression and coincidence of these common diabetic complications.
Dilemmas in Breast Disease

Dr. Schnitt provides us this month with his insights on the issue of surgical margins in conservation therapy for breast cancer, as the second of a three-part series we are devoting to this topic.
Recovering the lost art of researching the history of rhetoric

(1999). Recovering the lost art of researching the history of rhetoric. Rhetoric Society Quarterly: Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 7-20.
Water and salt permeability of gastric vesicles

Volume-dependent changes in light scatter have been shown to be a linear function of the osmotic gradient imposed upon gastric vesicles purified from hog gastric mucosa. Observation of the light scattered 90° to incident, using the Durrum stop flow system D-110, indicates that the vesicles exposed to hypertonic medium undergo rapid shrinkage due to water loss from the vesicle interior. The rate constant for this water movement is 1.1±0.09 sec−1 (n=10) and is linearly dependent on temperature between 16 and 36°C. The activation energy of 13.93±0.60 kcal mole−1 (n=3), calculated from an Arrhenius plot, is inconsistent with water movement facilitated by a large-pore aqueous channel. A slower reswell phase, dependent on solute entry into the intravesicular space, follows the water-dependent shrink phase. KCl entry, studied because of the intravesicular requirement for active K+/H+ transport, exhibits two entry stages. The faster, described by a single exponential imposed upon a constantly sloping background, has a rate constant of 7.75±0.48×10−3 sec−1 (n=15). The slower phase, which typically accounts for 90% of the reswell process, demonstrates a rate constant of 1.94±0.23×10−4 sec−1 (n=15). In the presence of valinomycin or nigericin, two fast rate constants and one slow rate constant of swelling are observed. The rate constant of the faster reswell phase is increased from 7.75±0.48×10−3 sec−1 (n=15) to 15.74±3.7×10−3 sec−1 (n=5) and 17.23±3.4×10−3 (n=3) by the addition of nigericin (1 μg ml−1) and valinomycin (4.5 μm), respectively. The second part of the faster reswell phase is approximately that seen in the control population. Transport-dependent volume changes of significant magnitude can be demonstrated following the addition of ATP to vesicles equilibrated with 150mm KCl. The volume change is a function of HCl leak rate and is abolished by ionophores which eliminate the transport-dependent pH gradient. So 4 −- substitution, which eliminates the overshoot phenomena observed in KCl medium, also eliminates the shrinkage resulting from ATP addition.
Calcium-dependent control of volume regulation in renal proximal tubule cells: I. Swelling-Activated Ca2+ entry and release

The mechanism of Ca2+-dependent control of hypotonic cell volume regulation was investigated in the isolated, nonperfused renal proximal straight tubule. When proximal tubules were exposed to hypotonic solution with 1 mM Ca2+, cells swelled rapidly and then underwent regulatory volume decrease (RVD). This treatment resulted in an increase in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) by a mechanism that had two phases: the first was a transient increase from baseline (136 nM) to a peak (413 nM) that occurred in the first 15–20 sec, but was followed by a rapid decay toward the pre-swelling levels. The second phase was characterized by a sustained elevation of [Ca2+]i above the baseline (269 nM), which was maintained over several minutes. The dependence of these two phases on extracellular Ca2+ was determined. Reduction of bath [Ca2+] to 10 or 1 μM partially diminished the transient phase, but abolished the sustained phase completely, such that [Ca2+]i fell below the base-line levels during RVD. It was concluded that the transient increase resulted predominantly from swelling-activated release of intracellular Ca2+ stores and that the sustained phase was due to swelling-activated Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane. Ca2+ entry probably also contributed to the transient increase in [Ca2+]i. The time dependence of swelling-activated Ca2+ entry was also investigated, since it was previously shown that RVD was characterized by a “calcium window” period (<60 sec). during which extracellular Ca2+ was required. Outside of this time period, RVD would inactivate and could not be reactivated by subsequent addition of Ca2+. It was found that the Ca2+ permeability did not inactivate over several minutes, indicating that the temporal dependence of RVD on extracellular Ca2+ is not due to the transient activation of a Ca2+ entry pathway.
Modulation of PGC-1 Coactivator Pathways in Brown Fat Differentiation through LRP130

The PGC-1 coactivators are important regulators of oxidative metabolism. We previously demonstrated that LRP130 is a binding partner of PGC-1α, required for hepatic gluconeogenesis. LRP130 is the gene mutated in Leigh syndrome French Canadian variant, a rare neurodegenerative disease. The importance of LRP130 in other, non-hepatocyte biology remains obscure. To better understand PGC-1 coactivator function in brown fat development, we explored the metabolic role of LRP130 in brown adipocyte differentiation. We show that LRP130 is preferentially enriched in brown fat compared with white, and induced in a PGC-1-dependent manner during differentiation. Despite intact PGC-1 coactivator expression, brown fat cells deficient for LRP130 exhibit attenuated expression of several genes characteristic of brown fat, including uncoupling protein 1. Oxygen consumption studies support a specific defect in proton leak due to attenuated uncoupling protein 1 expression. Notably, brown fat cell development common to both PGC-1 coactivators is governed by LRP130. Conversely, the cAMP response controlled by PGC-1α is not regulated by LRP130. These data implicate LRP130 in brown fat cell development and differentiation.
Particle size correlations in brownian agglomeration. Closure hypotheses for product density equations

Abstract In a previous paper the authors have demonstrated inaccuracies in the population balance equation, as applied to agglomerating particulate systems, which arise due to an inherent assumption regarding the statistical independence of particle pairs. When this assumption is removed, an intractable hierarchy of product density equations results. In this paper a closure hypothesis for the product density equations is proposed, evaluated against alternatives, and used in an approximate solution to the product density equations. The closure hypothesis is shown to improve significantly upon the population balance equation which is itself the result of the simplest closure.
The possible use of plant viral DNAs in genetic manipulation in plants

Cauliflower mosaic virus DNA is one of the most promising candidates as a vector DNA in genetic manipulation in plants. The present state of knowledge of the DNA is reviewed and its potential in genetic manipulation is discussed.
INHIBITION OF CALCIUM INDEPENDENT PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 PREVENTS INFLAMMATORY MEDIATOR PRODUCTION IN PULMONARY MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM

Inhalation of allergens can result in mast cell degranulation and release of granule contents, including tryptase, in the lung. Injury to human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-L) can also result in activation of the coagulation cascade and thrombin generation. We hypothesize that these proteases activate calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2), in HMVEC-L, leading to the production of membrane phospholipids-derived inflammatory mediators. Both thrombin and tryptase stimulation of HMVEC-L increased iPLA2 activity that was inhibited by pretreatment with the iPLA2 selective inhibitor bromoenol lactone (BEL). Arachidonic acid and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) release were also increased in tryptase and thrombin stimulated cells and inhibited by BEL pretreatment. Pretreating the endothelial cells with AACOCF3 a cytosolic PLA2 inhibitor did not inhibit tryptase or thrombin induced arachidonic acid and PGI2 release. In addition thrombin and tryptase also increased HMVEC-L platelet activating factor (PAF) production that significantly contributes to the recruitment and initial adherence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to the endothelium. Tryptase or thrombin stimulated increase in PMN adherence to the endothelium was inhibited by pretreatment of HMVEC-L with BEL or pretreatment of PMN with CV3988, a PAF receptor specific antagonist. Collectively, these data support our hypothesis that iPLA2 activity is responsible for membrane phospholipid hydrolysis in response to tryptase or thrombin stimulation in HMVEC-L. Therefore selective inhibition of iPLA2 may be a pharmacological target to inhibit the early inflammation in pulmonary vasculature that occurs as a consequence of mast cell degranulation or acute lung injury.
Ablation of prostate tissue at higher power density

This report will elaborate on the results of higher power density lesions. Right angle fibers at 80 to 95 watts power were used in near contact or contact, and all cases were monitored on transrectal ultrasound and performed on video. Six month postoperative results on forty-nine evaluable patients revealed changes in AUA symptom scores from a mean of 21.7 to 8.6, peak flow rates improving from a mean of 8.3 to 19.9 mL/second and mean flow rates improving from 4.1 to 10.2 mL/second. These results compare favorably to those of a standard TURP. Complications and adverse events were negligible.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Anomalous isotope effect in low and high Tc superconductors: the contribution of the electronic structure

Abstract Some of the low and high T c superconductors exhibit an anomalous isotope effect, where the exponent ( α ) for the isotope effect is much smaller than 1/2. We present computational results of the electronic structure of selected superconductors. The characteristically narrow electron bands of the materials suggest that the rapid variation of their density of states around the Fermi level, within the range of phonon energy, can have a noticeable effect on the total coupling matrix elements. Such effect may explain the anomalous isotope effect on T c in these materials.
Efficient and Fair Bandwidth Allocation in Multichannel Cognitive Radio Networks

Cognitive radio (CR) improves spectrum efficiency by allowing secondary users (SUs) to dynamically exploit the idle spectrum owned by primary users (PUs). This paper studies optimal bandwidth allocation of SUs for throughput efficiency. Consider the following tradeoff: an SU increases its instantaneous throughput by accessing more spectrum, but channel access/switching overhead, contention among multiple SUs, and dynamic PU activity create higher liability for larger bandwidths. So how much is too much? In this paper, we study the optimal bandwidth allocation for multiple SUs. Our approach is twofold. We first study the optimal bandwidth an SU should use to maximize the per-SU throughput in the long term. The optimal bandwidth is derived in the context of dynamic PU activity, where we consider both independent and correlated PU channel scenarios while accounting for the effects of channel switching overhead. We further consider the case of suboptimal spectrum use by SUs in the short term due to PU activity dynamics. We propose an efficient channel reconfiguration (CREC) scheme to improve SUs' performance. We use real PU channel activity traces in the simulations to validate our results. The work sheds light on the design of spectrum sharing protocols in cognitive radio networks.
Differences in the Molecular Species of CA125 Across the Phases of the Menstrual Cycle

Background:CA125, a tumor-associated antigen, is primarily used to monitor epithelial ovarian cancer. There is evidence that different species of CA125 exist; however, it is not known if any of these species are present in healthy women during the menstrual cycle and if they are associated with serum concentrations of CA125. The purpose of this study was to determine if the molecular species of CA125 differ across the three phases of the menstrual cycle in healthy women.Methods:Healthy, Caucasian women between the ages of 18 and 39 were enrolled using strict criteria to exclude factors known to contribute to CA125 fluctuations. Menstrual cycle regularity was determined using calendars maintained by participants for 3 months. After cycle regularity was established, blood was drawn at three time points for Western blot analysis.Results:Western blot analysis yielded 17 distinct profiles (i.e., patterns of species) of CA125, with 80% of the sample exhibiting 5 common profiles. No differences in demographic ch...
Proton and Chlorine Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Antiferromagnetic Mn Cl 2 ·4 H 2 O

The magnetic structure of the antiferromagnetic phase of Mn${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}4${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O has been examined using proton and chlorine NMR. By combining observations on the symmetry and number of proton internal magnetic fields with x-ray and neutron-diffraction data, one is led to three possible magnetic structures. However, only one of these ($\frac{P{2}_{1}}{{a}^{\ensuremath{'}}}$) predicts fields at the proton sites whose orientation and magnitude is in reasonable agreement with the experimentally observed fields. The chlorine resonance data corroborate the proton-resonance results and provide information on the transferred hyperfine interaction.
Lightgrid—an agile distributed computing architecture for Geant4

Abstract A light weight grid based computing architecture has been developed to accelerate Geant4 computations on a variety of network architectures. This new software is called LightGrid. LightGrid has a variety of features designed to overcome current limitations on other grid based computing platforms, more specifically, smaller network architectures. By focusing on smaller, local grids, LightGrid is able to simplify the grid computing process with minimal changes to existing Geant4 code. LightGrid allows for integration between Geant4 and MySQL, which both increases flexibility in the grid as well as provides a faster, reliable, and more portable method for accessing results than traditional data storage systems. This unique method of data acquisition allows for more fault tolerant runs as well as instant results from simulations as they occur. The performance increases brought along by using LightGrid allow simulation times to be decreased linearly. LightGrid also allows for pseudo-parallelization with minimal Geant4 code changes.
A string theory for time dependent complex systems and its application to automatic decomposition

We introduce a string or world line formalism that provides a general description of time dependent complex systems. We show that it can be applied to mapping general problems onto both sequential and parallel computers. In principle it unifies the concepts of an optimizing compiler with that of parallel decomposition. We show that it reproduces and smoothly interpolates both our original load balancing methods for loosely synchronous problems and optimal communication and combining algorithms such as index and fold. We evaluate two explicit implementations, the neural_router and neural_accumulator, which use an optimizing neural network.
Gauge invariance in Chern-Simons theory on a torus.

In the Chern-Simons gauge theory on a manifold ${T}^{2}$\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${R}^{1}$ (two-torus\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}time) the unitary operators, which induce large gauge transformations shifting the nonintegrable phases of the two dinstinct Wilson-line integrals on the torus by multiples of 2\ensuremath{\pi}, do not commute with each other unless the coefficient of the Chern-Simons term is quantized. In U(1) theory this condition gives the statistics phase \ensuremath{\theta}=\ensuremath{\pi}/n (n an integer). The condition coincides with the one previously derived on a manifold ${S}^{3}$ (three-sphere) for SU(N\ensuremath{\ge}3) theory but differs by a factor 2 for SU(2) theory. The requirement of the ${Z}_{N}$ invariance in pure SU(N) gauge theory imposes a stronger constraint.
Dynamic category structure in spatial memory

This study examines bias (constant error) in spatial memory in an effort to determine whether this bias is defined by a dynamic egocentric reference frame that moves with the observer or by an environmentally fixed reference frame. Participants learned the locations of six target objects around them in a room, were blindfolded, and then rotated themselves to face particular response headings. From each response heading, participants used a pointer to indicate the remembered azimuthal locations of the objects. Analyses of the angular pointing errors showed a previously observed pattern of bias. More importantly, it appeared that this pattern of bias was defined relative to and moved with the observer—that is, was egocentric and dynamic. These results were interpreted in the framework of a modified category adjustment model as suggesting the existence of dynamic categorical (nonmetric) spatial codes.
Abstract 4078: Novel 3D co-cultural model for epithelial-stromal cells interaction in prostate cancer.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Paracrine function is a major mechanism of cell-cell communication within tissue microenvironment in both normal development and disease. In vitro cell culture models simulating tissue or tumor microenvironment are necessary tools to delineate epithelial stromal interactions including paracrine function. Yet an ideal 3-dimensional (3D) tumor model specifically studying paracrine function is currently lacking. In order to fill this void we developed a novel 3D co-culture model, using double layered alginate hydrogel microspheres to incorporate prostate cancer epithelial and stromal cells. The cells remained confined and viable within their respective spheres for over 30 days. As a proof of principle regarding paracrine function of the model, we measured shedded component of E-cadherin (sE-cad) in the conditioned media, a major membrane bound cell adhesive molecule that is highly dysregulated in cancers including prostate. In addition to demonstrating that sE-cad can be reliably quantified in the conditioned media, the time course experiments also proved that the amount of sE-cad is influenced by epithelial stromal interaction. In conclusion, the study establishes a novel 3D in vitro co-culture model that can be used to study cell-cell paracrine interaction. Citation Format: Xiaolan Fang, Sittadjody Sivanandane, Kenneth Gyabaah, K.C. Balaji. Novel 3D co-cultural model for epithelial-stromal cells interaction in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4078. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4078
The role of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B/1D receptors on the modulation of acute fluoxetine-induced changes in extracellular 5-ht : the mechanism of action of (±)pindolol

Some clinical evidence has suggested that (+/-)pindolol can be effective at producing a shortened time to onset of antidepressant activity when co-administered with a serotonin specific reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). This effect has been attributed to the antagonist effects of pindolol at the 5-HT(1A) receptor. In the present study, we compared the pharmacology of (+/-)pindolol, WAY-100635 (a 5-HT(1A) antagonist), GR127935 (a 5-HT(1B/1D) antagonist), and isamoltane (a 5-HT(1B) antagonist), when given acutely in combination with fluoxetine, using in vivo microdialysis in the frontal cortex of the freely moving rat. We have determined that the acute fluoxetine-induced increases in extracellular 5-HT can be augmented by (+/-)pindolol, WAY100635, GR127935 and isamoltane with maximum increases of 216+/-32%, 235+/-49%, 240+/-18% and 171+/-47% of preinjection control levels, respectively. Combination of both 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1B/1D) autoreceptor antagonists with fluoxetine produced additive increases in extracellular 5-HT (i.e. WAY100635+GR127935+fluoxetine and WAY100635+isamoltane+fluoxetine produced a four- and five-fold potentiation, respectively), suggesting that this strategy may be useful in further augmenting the action of a SSRI in the treatment of depression. In addition, by comparing the combined administration of (+/-)pindolol with either WAY100635, GR127935 or isamoltane, we have determined that (+/-)pindolol produces much of its acute potentiation of fluoxetine-induced increases in extracellular 5-HT via its action at the 5-HT(1B/D) receptor in addition to any activity it has at the presynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptor.
Do gender differences in mental health contribute to gender differences in physical health

Previous research has demonstrated that women and men tend to have different types of mental and physical health problems. Using data from the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) of 2001-2003, we consider whether the female excess in internalizing disorders contributes to the female excess in chronic debilitating conditions and whether the male excess in externalizing disorders contributes to the male excess in life threatening conditions. We find that women have significantly higher odds of meeting the DSM-IV criteria for one or more lifetime internalizing disorders and significantly lower odds of meeting the DSM-IV criteria for one or more lifetime externalizing disorders. We also find that women have higher odds of reporting four of the ten chronic debilitating conditions examined, including arthritis, frequent or severe headaches, seasonal allergies, and gallbladder removal, and lower odds of reporting three of the six life threatening conditions examined, including stroke, heart disease, and high blood pressure. We conclude that the female excess in internalizing disorders partially mediates, or explains, the female excess in arthritis, headaches, and gallbladder removal, while the male excess in externalizing disorders partially accounts for the male excess in heart disease and high blood pressure.
Two BALB/c anti-arsonate idiotype families: two heavy chain variable regions (Vh) shared with anti-DNP antibodies are used by one family while a Vh similar to anti-GAT antibodies is used by the other

Abstract Amino terminal amino acid sequences were obtained for both the heavy (H) and light (L) chains of seven BALB/c anti-arsonate (Ar) monoclonal antibodies representing the 5AF6 and 3C6 idiotype (id) families described in this strain. 5AF6 family H chains showed strong homology to the germ-line gene sequence for the A strain 36–60 family. However, four to five identical H chain sequence differences for two of these antibodies (5AF6 and 95B5), as well as two previously reported related sequences (92D5, 94B10), suggested they were encoded by a different V h . The 36–60 family V h genes have been shown to be identical to the V h gene of the anti-DNP binding myeloma M460 [Dzierzak et al., J. Immun. 136, 1864–1870 (1986)]. H chains amino acid sequences derived from an id-460 + anti-DNP hybridoma and a germ-line gene differing from the 30–60-like V h sequence [Dzierzak et al., J. Immun. 136 , 1864–1870 (1986)] were found to be virtually identical to the 95B5 and 5AF6 V h sequences. This suggests that the same two related H chains making up two subsets of the 5AF6 anti-Ar id family are also both used in two subsets of the id-460 anti-DNP response. 5AF6 family L chains were highly homologous to the other V k 2 L chains of the 36–60 family. 3C6 family H chains can be placed in the V h 1 group, are unrelated to the described anti-Ar H chain families, and have been placed in a new anti-Ar V h family, Ars-E. The 3C6 H is similar, however, to a V h used by a BALB/c anti-GAT idiotype family of antibodies. 3C6 L chains were of the murine kappa chain group, V k 8, and most resembled an L chain from an A strain monoclonal anti-Ar having no defined idiotype.
From Pigeons to Crystals: The Development of Radio Communication in U.S. Army Tanks in World War II

(2005). From Pigeons to Crystals: The Development of Radio Communication in U.S. Army Tanks in World War II. The Historian: Vol. 67, No. 4, pp. 664-677.
Weighted quadrature formulas and approximation by zonal function networks on the sphere

Let q ≥ 1 be an integer, Sq be the unit sphere embedded in the Euclidean space Rq+1. A zonal function (ZF) network with an activation function φ : [-1, 1] → R and n neurons is a function on Sq of the form x ↦ Σk=1n akφ(x.ξk), where ak's are real numbers, ξk's are points on Sq. We consider the activation functions φ for which the coefficients {φ(l)} in the appropriate ultraspherical polynomial expansion decay as a power of (l + 1)-1. We construct ZF networks to approximate functions in the Sobolev classes on the unit sphere embedded in a Euclidean space, yielding an optimal order of decay for the degree of approximation in terms of n, compared with the nonlinear n-widths of these classes. Our networks do not require training in the traditional sense. Instead, the network approximating a function is given explicitly as the value of a linear operator at that function. In the case of uniform approximation, our construction utilizes values of the target function at scattered sites. The approximation bounds are used to obtain error bounds on a very general class of quadrature formulas that are exact for the integration of high degree polynomials with respect to a weighted integral. The bounds are better than those expected from a straightforward application of the Sobolev embeddings.
Scattering of long coastal-trapped waves due to bottom irregularities

Abstract The topographic scattering of long coastal-trapped waves is considered to see whether or not stratification tends to weaken scattering. Numerical examples show that this is not the case in general. Rather, susceptibility to scattering depends upon the particular example: in some cases it weakens with stratification, and in other it strengthens.
“Racism Still Exists”: A Public Health Intervention Using Racism “Countermarketing” Outdoor Advertising in a Black Neighborhood

The negative health effects of racism have been well documented, but how to intervene to redress these effects has been little studied. This study reports on RISE (Racism Still Exists), a high-risk, high-reward public health intervention that used outdoor advertising to disseminate a “countermarketing” campaign in New York City (NYC). Over 6 months, the campaign advertised stark facts about the persistence of racism in the USA. A probability sample of N = 144 participants from two predominantly Black NYC neighborhoods completed measures of health status, health behaviors, and social attitudes. Three months postintervention, statistically significant declines in psychological distress were seen among study participants who were exposed to the campaign compared to those who were not. There were no changes in other hypothesized outcomes. The campaign also generated significant public discourse, particularly in social media. The results suggest that racism countermarketing campaigns may have promise as a community-based intervention to address health inequalities.
Farm residence and lymphohematopoietic cancers in the Iowa Women's Health Study.

Abstract Background Cancer incidence in male farmers has been studied extensively; however, less is known about risk among women residing on farms or in agricultural areas, who may be exposed to pesticides by their proximity to crop fields. We extended a previous follow-up of the Iowa Women׳s Health Study cohort to examine farm residence and the incidence of lymphohematopoietic cancers. Further, we investigated crop acreage within 750 m of residences, which has been associated with higher herbicide levels in Iowa homes. Methods We analyzed data for a cohort of 37,099 Iowa women aged 55–69 years who reported their residence location (farm, rural (not a farm), town size based on population) at enrollment in 1986. We identified incident lymphohematopoietic cancers (1986–2009) by linkage with the Iowa Cancer Registry. Using a geographic information system, we geocoded addresses and calculated acreage of pasture and row crops within 750 m of homes using the 1992 National Land Cover Database. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in multivariate analyses of cancer risk in relation to both residence location and crop acreage. Results As found in an earlier analysis of residence location, risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was higher among women living on farms (HR=2.23, 95%CI: 1.25–3.99) or rural areas (but not on a farm) (HR=1.95, 95%CI: 0.89–4.29) compared with women living in towns of >10,000 population. We observed no association between farm or rural residence and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL; overall or for major subtypes) or multiple myeloma. In analyses of crop acreage, we observed no association between pasture or row crop acreage within 750 m of homes and risk of leukemia overall or for the AML subtype. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) risk was nonsignificantly elevated among women with pasture acreage within 750 m of their home (HRs for increasing tertiles=1.8, 1.8 and 1.5) and with row crop acreage within 750 m (HRs for increasing tertiles of acreage=1.4, 1.5 and 1.6) compared to women with no pasture or row crop acreage, respectively. Conclusions Iowa women living on a farm or in a rural area were at increased risk of developing AML, which was not related to crop acreage near the home. Living near pasture or row crops may confer an increased risk of CLL/SLL regardless of residence location. Further investigation of specific farm-related exposures and these cancers among women living on farms and in agricultural areas is warranted.
Efficient removal of boundary-divergence errors in time-splitting

A normal mode analysis is presented and numerical tests are performed to assess the effectiveness of a new time-splitting algorithm proposed recently in Karniadakiset al. (1990) for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. This new algorithm employs high-order explicit pressure boundary conditions and mixed explicit/implicit stiffly stable time-integration schemes, which can lead to arbitrarily high-order accuracy in time. In the current article we investigate both the time accuracy of the new scheme as well as the corresponding reduction in boundary-divergence errors for two model flow problems involving solid boundaries. The main finding is that time discretization errors, induced by the nondivergent splitting mode, scale with the order of the accuracy of the integration rule employed if a proper rotational form of the pressure boundary condition is used; otherwise a first-order accuracy in time similar to the classical splitting methods is achieved. In the former case the corresponding errors in divergence can be completely eliminated, while in the latter case they scale asO(vΔt)1/2.
Empire and Attachment: A Transnational Tale

This paper re‐examines the conceptual ground of Irish nationalism during the Romantic period, tracking the doubled impacts of French political and literary culture on those writers who cultivated an image of their work – and of themselves – as both popular and politically engaged. Here, the author argues that the moderate but impassioned nationalism of Sydney Owenson's novel The Wild Irish Girl is grounded in the fundamental principles of political liberalism as it emerged in France during the post‐Revolutionary era. Like Owenson's other writings, The Wild Irish Girl reads political liberalism as mediated by a culture of sentiment that construes public problems as matters of personal import, elevating private interests to the status of political claims. This confusion of public and private life emerges as an enduring strategy of liberal cosmopolitanism, one which fixes national affiliation as a purely cultural practice whose claims ought to be taken up and relinquished with equal and spontaneous ease.
Intoxicated speech detection: A fusion framework with speaker-normalized hierarchical functionals and GMM supervectors

Segmental and suprasegmental speech signal modulations offer information about paralinguistic content such as affect, age and gender, pathology, and speaker state. Speaker state encompasses medium-term, temporary physiological phenomena influenced by internal or external bio-chemical actions (e.g., sleepiness, alcohol intoxication). Perceptual and computational research indicates that detecting speaker state from speech is a challenging task. In this paper, we present a system constructed with multiple representations of prosodic and spectral features that provided the best result at the Intoxication Subchallenge of Interspeech 2011 on the Alcohol Language Corpus. We discuss the details of each classifier and show that fusion improves performance. We additionally address the question of how best to construct a speaker state detection system in terms of robust and practical marginalization of associated variability such as through modeling speakers, utterance type, gender, and utterance length. As is the case in human perception, speaker normalization provides significant improvements to our system. We show that a held-out set of baseline (sober) data can be used to achieve comparable gains to other speaker normalization techniques. Our fused frame-level statistic-functional systems, fused GMM systems, and final combined system achieve unweighted average recalls (UARs) of 69.7%, 65.1%, and 68.8%, respectively, on the test set. More consistent numbers compared to development set results occur with matched-prompt training, where the UARs are 70.4%, 66.2%, and 71.4%, respectively. The combined system improves over the Challenge baseline by 5.5% absolute (8.4% relative), also improving upon our previously best result.
Identity and configuration of conjugated fatty acids in certain seed oils

Punicic acid was found in the seed oils ofCayaponia grandifolia, Trichosanthes cordata andT. cucumerina. α-Eleostearic acid was found inMomordica cochinchinensis, M. cochinchinesis varietymixta andM. cymbalaria. The identity of the conjugated triene acid ofAleurites trisperma, Garcia nutans andCyclandrophora laurina was confirmed as α-eleostearic acid (cis, trans, trans configuration). The configuration of kamlolenic acid was proved to becis-9,trans-11,trans-13. The oils ofAleurites remyi andLicania platypus did not contain any conjugated acid.
Production of allo-anti-Ena by an individual whose red blood cells carry some Ena antigen.

We recently described6 an individual whose red blood cells appear to carry a hybrid MNSs sialoglycoprotein (SGP). The MN-derived portion of that SGP carries at least two determinants defined by some examples of antibodies that have been called anti-Ena. However, the red blood cells lack a different determinant that is defined by other examples of anti-Ena. This individual has now formed an anti-Ena antibody that reacts with the portion of Ena that her red blood cells lack, but not with the Ena determinants that have been shown7 to be carried on MN SGP. It is not yet clear whether the portion of Ena that her red blood cells lack and that her antibody defines is MN SGP-borne. The findings in this case provide further support for our conclusions6,7,9 that the terms “Ena” and “anti-Ena,” as previously used, describe heterogeneous groups of antigens and antibodies.
A method to aid in the determination of the sampling size of AGCM ensemble simulations

Historically, the high computational expense of performing lengthy climate simulations has limited the number of possible realizations. Here, we exploit the computational advantage of a recently developed parallel atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) to determine the number of realizations required to calculate the model's statistics to a specified degree of certainty. Using standard statistical analysis techniques, this minimum ensemble size is found to be highly dependent on which output field is under examination. A strong dependence on location, season and averaging is also revealed.
Predicate-calculus-based logics for modeling and solving search problems

The answer-set programming (ASP) paradigm is a way of using logic to solve search problems. Given a search problem, to solve it one designs a logic theory so that models of this theory represent problem solutions. To compute a solution to the problem, one computes a model of the theory. Several answer-set programming formalisms have been developed on the basis of logic programming with the semantics of answer sets. In this article we show that predicate logic also gives rise to effective implementations of the ASP paradigm, similar in spirit to logic programming with the answer-set semantics and with a similar scope of applicability. Specifically, we propose two logics based on predicate calculus as formalisms for encoding search problems. We show that the expressive power of these logics is given by the class NPMV. We demonstrate their use in programming and discuss computational approaches to model finding. To address this latter issue, we follow a two-pronged approach. On the one hand, we show that the problem can be reduced to that of computing models of propositional theories and, more generally, of collections of pseudo-Boolean constraints. Consequently, programs (solvers) developed in the areas of propositional and pseudo-Boolean satisfiability can be used to compute models of theories in our logics. On the other hand, we develop native solvers designed specifically to exploit features of our formalisms. We present experimental results demonstrating the computational effectiveness of the overall approach.
Some Nineteenth Century Chemistry Teaching Aids

Although nineteenth century chemistry was largely descriptive in content, students struggled with some of the same abstract concepts that trouble their modern counterparts. Invisible atoms, formulas, and chemical combinations have always been difficult topics for the beginner. We would expect the modern teacher to illustrate these ideas with models and charts, but what was used in those early classrooms? This paper describes four chemistry teaching aids marketed in the United States in the mid-1800s.
Chromatographic separation of chromatin subunits.

Summary Calf thymus nuclei were partially digested with staphylococcal nuclease and the resulting chromatin particles separated by gel permeation chromatography. Individual column fractions were characterized by sedimentation velocity and circular dichroism. DNA isolated from these chromatin fractions was electrophoresed. The resulting data have enabled us to correlate the series of DNA molecules produced by in situ nuclease digestion (1) with nuclease resistant nucleoprotein particles from whole chromatin (2).
Irreversible Enzyme Inhibitors LXXI: Candidate Active-Site-Directed Irreversible Inhibitors of Dihydrofolic Reductase V. Derivatives of 6-Phenylpyrimidine

A series of 2-amino-5-anilinopropyl-6-phenyl-4-pyrimidinols bearing p -chloroacetyl (V a ), p-(4-chloro-3-butanon-1-yl) (V b ), -(4-chloro-1-buten-3-one-1-yl) (V c ), and p -bromoacetamidoethyl (IV d ) groups on the anilino moiety were synthesized as candidate active-site-directed irreversible inhibitors of dihydrofolic reductase. Only V b inactivated dihydrofolic reductase when they were incubated together at 37°; the half-life was about 60 min. when sufficient V b was utilized to convert 45 per cent of the enzyme to a reversible complex. That this inactivation by V b proceeded through a reversible enzyme-inhibitor complex and not by a random bimolecular mechanism was indicated by the lack of inactivation of dihydrofolic reductase by chloroacetone at 2.5 times the concentration of V b . The failure of IV d and V e to inactivate the enzyme at a concentration sufficient to convert 50–60 per cent of the enzyme to the respective reversible complexes indicated that the alkylating function of IV d and V e could not bridge to a nucleophilic site on the enzyme within the enzyme-inhibitor complex.
High fetal estrogen concentrations: correlation with increased adult sexual activity and decreased aggression in male mice

In the house mouse (Mus musculus), fetuses may develop in utero next to siblings of the same or opposite sex. The amniotic fluid of the female fetuses contains higher concentrations of estradiol than that of male fetuses. Male fetuses that developed in utero between female fetuses had higher concentrations of estradiol in their amniotic fluid than males that were located between other male fetuses during intrauterine development. They were also more sexually active as adults, less aggressive, and had smaller seminal vesicles than males that had developed between other male fetuses in utero. These findings raise the possibility that during fetal life circulating estrogens may interact with circulating androgens both in regulating the development of sex differences between males and females and in producing variation in phenotype among males and among females.