cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Massive osteolysis (phantom bone, disappearing bone). Report of a case with mandibular involvement.

Abstract A rare case of spontaneous osteolysis is reported. The mandible was the only bone seriously affected, although numerous bones were involved. This case is of particular interest because of the extensive information obtained during investigation of the disease over a 7-year period. The natural course of the disease during this interval showed little change, except for the progressive resorption of the mandible. Attempts to detect metabolic abnormalities and to influence the course of the disease by systemic therapy were unsuccessful. Similarly, numerous biopsies of the involved bones failed to show appreciable change from normal. Conventional, conservative treatment of several pathologic fractures resulted in eventual healing of all but two fractures.
Cutting to the Chase

We describe a new algorithm for solving linear integer programming problems. The algorithm performs a DPLL style search for a feasible assignment, while using a novel cut procedure to guide the search away from the conflicting states.
A closed eye contact lens model of corneal inflammation. Part 2: Inhibition of cytochrome P450 arachidonic acid metabolism alleviates inflammatory sequelae.

PURPOSE The authors have previously shown a marked increase in corneal epithelial arachidonic acid metabolism to 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) and 12-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (12-HETrE) in a model of closed eye-contact lens wear. Their formation was predominantly cytochrome P450-dependent and significantly correlated with inflammatory score and corneal thickness. In the current study, the authors used stannous chloride to inhibit the epithelial cytochrome P450-dependent synthesis of 12-HETE and 12-HETrE to assess the role of these eicosanoids as mediators of the inflammatory response to contact lens wear in the closed eye. METHODS Hydrogel contact lenses were soaked in stannous chloride (100 micrograms/ml) or vehicle and fitted to the rabbit eye in stacked fashion (two lenses/eye), followed by a silk suture tarsorrhaphy of approximately 90%. Eyes were analyzed over a 7-day period for inflammatory responses through slit lamp biomicroscopy, subjective inflammatory scoring, ultrasonic pachymetry, and corneal epithelial [1-14C]-arachidonic acid metabolism. RESULTS Closed eye-hydrogel contact lens wear resulted in a progressive anterior surface inflammatory response. Coinciding with these events was a time-dependent increase in corneal thickness and 12-HETE and 12-HETrE production rates by corneal epithelial homogenates. Treatment of the lenses with stannous chloride (100 micrograms/ml) significantly attenuated by day 7 the inflammatory score (56% decrease), corneal thickness (17% decrease), and 12-HETE and 12-HETrE synthesis (77% and 71% decrease, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study further substantiates the involvement of cytochrome P450, through the synthesis of 12-HETE and 12-HETrE, in the inflammatory response associated with hydrogel contact lens wear in the closed eye. Thus, inhibition of cytochrome P450, with subsequent decreases in 12-HETE and 12-HETrE, may attenuate the pathophysiologic response to contact lens wear in the closed eye.
The Social Ecology of Speculation: Community Organization and Non-occupancy Investment in the U.S. Housing Bubble:

The housing boom of the mid-2000s saw the widespread popularization of non-occupant housing investment as an entrepreneurial activity within U.S. capitalism. In 2005, approximately one sixth of all...
Development of a Deep-Learning-Based Method for Breast Ultrasound Image Segmentation

Breast cancer is one of the deadliest cancers that cause women death globally. Ultrasound imaging is one of the commonly used diagnostic tools for detection and classification of breast abnormalities. In the past decades, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have been developed to improve the accuracy of diagnosis made by radiologists. In particular, automatic breast ultrasound (BUS) image segmentation is a critical step for cancer diagnosis using CAD. However, accurate tumor segmentation is still a challenge as a result of various ultrasound artifacts. This paper developed a novel segmentation framework based on deep learning architecture u-net, for breast ultrasound imaging. U-net is a convolutional neural network architecture designed for biology image segmentation with limited training data. It was originally proposed for neuronal structure segmentation in microscopy images. In our work, we modified and improved the method for BUS image segmentation. On a database of 221 BUS images, we first applied pre-processing techniques including contrast enhancement and speckle reduction to improve the image quality. Then the u-net model was trained and tested through two-fold cross-validation. In order to increase the size of training set, data augmentation strategies including rotation and elastic deformation were applied. Finally, a post-processing step that removed noisy region(s) from the segmentation result finalized the whole method. The area error metrics, dice coefficient, and similarity rate were calculated to evaluate the performance on the testing sets. We compared our method with another two fully automatic segmentation methods on the same dataset. Our method outperformed the other two significantly with the dice coefficient = 0.825 and similarity rate = 0.698. Experiment results showed that the modified u-net method is more robust and accurate in breast tumor segmentation for ultrasound images.
Gene Duplication Associated with Increased Fluconazole Tolerance in Candida auris cells of Advanced Generational Age.

Candida auris is an emerging multi-drug resistant yeast that causes systemic infections. Here we show that C. auris undergoes replicative aging (RA) that results from asymmetric cell division and causes phenotypic differences between mother and daughter cells similar to other pathogenic yeasts. Importantly, older C. auris cells (10 generations) exhibited higher tolerance to fluconazole (FLC), micafungin, 5- flucytosine and amphotericin B compared to younger (0–3 generation) cells. Increased FLC tolerance was associated with increased Rhodamine 6G (R6G) efflux and therapeutic failure of FLC in a Galleria infection model. The higher efflux in the older cells correlated with overexpression of the efflux pump encoding gene CDR1 (4-fold). In addition, 8-fold upregulation of the azole target encoding gene ERG11 was noted in the older cells. Analysis of genomic DNA from older cells by qPCR indicates that transient gene duplication of CDR1 and ERG11 causes the observed age-dependent enhanced FLC tolerance in C. auris strains. Furthermore, older cells exhibited a thickened cell wall, decreased neutrophil killing (24% vs 50%), increased epithelial cell adhesion (31.6% vs 17.8%) and upregulation of adhesin protein Als5p. Thus, this study demonstrates that transient gene duplication can occur during RA, causing increased FLC tolerance in old C. auris cells.
Nerve conduction studies: Basic concepts

Nerve conduction studies (NCSs) are an essential tool in the evaluation of the peripheral nervous system. The sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) provides information on the sensory nerve axon and its pathway from the distal receptors in the skin to the dorsal root ganglia, while the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) is an assessment of the motor nerve fibers from their origins in the anterior horn cell to their termination along muscle fibers. Various parameters of the SNAP and CMAP waveforms are used to determine the number of functioning nerve fibers and the speed of conduction. Similarly, specific electrodiagnostic patterns involving SNAP and CMAP amplitudes, latencies and other measurements can help discern the underlying nerve pathophysiology as either axon loss or demyelinating in nature. Numerous technical and environmental factors can affect the NCS and should be recognized and corrected if possible. Finally, while basic NCSs are a noninvasive and low-risk procedure, safety issues for patients with implanted electrical devices should be considered.
Effect of a Cognitive Aid on Reducing Sugammadex Use and Associated Costs: A Time Series Analysis.

Background:The authors observed increased pharmaceutical costs after the introduction of sugammadex in our institution. After a request to decrease sugammadex use, the authors implemented a cognitive aid to help choose between reversal agents. The purpose of this study was to determine if sugammadex
Communication Experiences of DATA-Waivered Physicians with Community Pharmacists: A Qualitative Study

Background: Patients engaged in evidence-based opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment can obtain prescriptions for buprenorphine containing products from specially trained physicians that are subsequently dispensed by community pharmacists. Despite the involvement of physicians and community pharmacists in buprenorphine prescribing and dispensing, respectively, our understanding of their interactions in this context is limited. Objective: To qualitatively describe the communication and collaborative experiences between Drug Addiction Treatment Act 2000 (DATA)-waivered physicians and community pharmacists from the perspective of the physician. Methods: Ten key informant interviews were conducted with DATA-waivered physicians practicing in Northeast Tennessee. A semi-structured interview guide was used to explore communication and collaborative experiences between the physicians and community pharmacists. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. A coding frame was developed using concepts from the scientific literature and emerging codes from physician interviews. Interviews were coded using NVivo 11, with the data subsequently organized and evaluated for themes. Results: Four themes were identified: (1) mechanics of communication; (2) role specification and expectations; (3) education and understanding; and (4) climate of clinical practice. Physician-pharmacist communication primarily occurred indirectly through patients or staff and perceived challenges to collaboration included; lack of trust, stigma, and fear of regulatory oversight. Physicians also indicated the two professionals may lack clear roles and responsibilities as well as common expectations for treatment plans. Conclusions: Communication between DATA-waivered physicians and community pharmacists is influenced by multiple factors. Further research is warranted to improve physician-community pharmacist collaboration (PCPC) in the context of OUD pharmacotherapy and addiction treatment.
Two-Dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene/GO Hybrid Membranes for Highly Efficient Osmotic Power Generation.

Osmotic power has emerged as one of the promising candidates for clean and renewable energy. However, the advancement of present osmotic power-harvesting technologies, specifically pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) in this work, is hindered by the unsatisfactory membrane transport properties. Herein, we demonstrate the freestanding transition-metal carbides and graphene oxide hybrid membranes as high-performance PRO membranes. Due to the elimination of internal concentration polarization, the freestanding hybrid membrane can achieve a record-high power density up to approximately 56.4 W m-2 with 2.0 M NaCl as the draw solution and river water (0.017 M) as the feed water at an applied hydraulic pressure difference of 9.66 bar. In addition, the hybrid membranes exhibit enhanced antifouling potential and antibacterial activity. The facile fabrication of the hybrid membranes shed light on a new membrane development platform for the highly anticipated osmotic power-harvesting technologies.
Low-velocity impact response and compression after impact behavior of tubular composite sandwich structures

Abstract This work investigates the dynamic impact response of tubular composite structures with/without honeycomb sandwich core under transverse low-velocity impact (LVI) and compression after impact (CAI) test. Damage mechanisms, such as matrix cracking, delamination and fiber breakage/rupture in face sheets as well as honeycomb crushing and buckling in the core, are characterized by X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) to understand failure processes and their relationship with core material and impactor shape. It is found that sandwich core material helps to absorb impact energy and resist localized damage formation. The benefit of core material includes greater energy absorption capability and higher specific CAI strength. The progressive damage events from damage initiation, failure propagation to final collapse of a tubular composite structure during CAI test are also further discussed.
ACOUSTIC ECHO CANCELLATION USING SUBBAND ADAPTIVE FILTERING

Adaptive filtering has been successfully used in canceling line echos in the telephone network since the 1960’s [179, 443, 387]. In these cases, the adaptive filter is used to model the unknown echo path in a communications channel and then cancel the echo signals from the conversation. An adaptive filter is required because the echo path is not only unknown, but also because it is different for each network path. However, the acoustic echo cancellation problem is not as easily solved with conventional adaptive filtering systems due to the requirements for a much longer adaptive impulse response and for faster convergence since the acoustic echo path is time-varying during the communication transmission. In this chapter, we summarize key results from adaptive filter theory, and discuss the least mean square (LMS) and normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithms used to adjust an adaptive filter. We then examine adaptive filtering in subbands as one method for acoustic echo cancellation. Simulations (using a measured room response with speech signals) demonstrate that the oversampled subband adaptive system provides improved performance for acoustic echo cancellation applications.
Transmission, Distribution, and Storage: Grid Integration, Ch. 20

This chapter discusses the important role of the electric transmission and distribution grid in meeting deep decarbonization goals. The U.S. Deep Decarbonization Pathways Project reports state that meeting the 2050 target of reducing U.S. greenhouse gas emissions 80% below 1990 levels will require almost “fully decarbonizing” U.S. electricity resources and shifting a large share of transportation-related energy needs from petroleum resources to electricity resources. Accomplishing this goal will require a doubling of U.S. electricity generation as well as a significant expansion of the U.S. electric transmission and distribution grid, particularly since onshore renewable energy resources are dispersed widely throughout the country and are often located far from population centers. The reports conclude that the actual monetary cost to build the necessary transmission and distribution infrastructure is modest and will not significantly impact the cost of electricity resources for consumers. But there are legal, political, and socioeconomic barriers to building large amounts of new, interstate transmission infrastructure. These barriers and potential solutions to them are the focus of the chapter.
The Learning Organization Needs No Apology

The demise of the learning organization has seemingly been enacted: Google Trends chronicles the worldwide waning of the search-term “learning organization” from the high of 100 in April 2004 to 10 in June 2018. This precis means to talk down trends in management ideas whose particularized if not proprietary vocabulary largely explains why what is in vogue one day is antiquated the next.
The Geometry of Numbers

1. Geometry and algebra 2. Trigonometry, calculus and analytic geometry 3. Inequalities 4. Integer sums 5. Sequences and series.
The Lawyer-Judge Bias in the American Legal System

1. An ambient bias 2. The theory 3. Constitutional criminal procedure 4. Civil constitutional law 5. A short history of lawyer regulation 6. Current lawyer regulation 7. Torts 8. Evidence and civil procedure 9. The business of law 10. Enron's sole survivors 11. Complexity and the lawyer-judge bias 12. Rays of hope, ramifications and possible solutions.
Microbial biofilm studies of the Environmental Control and Life Support System water recovery test for Space Station Freedom

NASA is developing a water recovery system (WRS) for Space Station Freedom to reclaim human waste water for reuse by astronauts as hygiene or potable water. A water recovery test (WRT) currently in progress investigates the performance of a prototype of the WRS. Analysis of biofilm accumulation, the potential for microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) in the WRT, and studies of iodine disinfection of biofilm are reported. Analysis of WRT components indicated the presence of organic deposits and biofilms in selected tubing. Water samples for the WRT contained acid-producing and sulfate-reducing organisms implicated in corrosion processes. Corrosion of an aluminum alloy was accelerated in the presence of these water samples; however, stainless steel corrosion rates were not accelerated. Biofilm iodine sensitivity tests using an experimental laboratory scale recycled water system containing a microbial check valve (MCV) demonstrated that an iodine concentration of 1 to 2 mg/L was ineffective in eliminating microbial biofilm. For complete disinfection, an initial concentration of 16 mg/L was required, which was gradually reduced by the MCV over 4 to 8 hours to 1 to 2 mg/L. This treatment may be useful in controlling biofilm formation.
Cutting Force-Based Feedback Control Scheme for Surface Finish Improvement in Diamond Turning

The control of diamond turning is usually achieved through a laser-interferometer feedback of slide position. The limitation of this control scheme is that the feedback signal does not account for additional dynamics of the tool post and the material removal process. If the tool post is rigid and the material removal process is relatively static, then such a non-collocated position feedback control scheme may suffice. However, as the accuracy requirement gets tighter and the desired surface contours become more complex, the need for a direct tool-tip sensing becomes inevitable. The physical constraints of the machining process prohibit any reasonable implementation of a tool-tip motion measurement. It is proposed that the measured force normal to the face of the workpiece can be filtered through an appropriate admittance transfer function to result in the estimated depth of cut. This can be compared to the desired depth of cut to generate the adjustment control action in addition to position feedback control. In this work, the design methodology on the admittance modelbased control with a conventional controller is presented. Based on the empirical data of the cutting dynamics, simulation results are shown. In addition, the recursive least-squares algorithm with forgetting factor is proposed to identify the parameters and update the admittance model in real time.
Student Misconduct at Private Colleges and Universities: A Roadmap for "Fundamental Fairness" in Disciplinary Proceedings

When called upon to review the disciplinary procedures of private colleges and universities, courts have struggled to find a legal theory upon which to base their reviews. Much of this struggle can be attributed to the fact that, because the relationship between a student and a university is unique, it is difficult to find an appropriate doctrinal category. This Note analyzes the methods by which courts have reviewed challenges to disciplinary proceedings in private colleges and universities. Specifically, it examines the approaches taken by courts that have reviewed private school disciplinary procedures, paying particular attention to what these courts have recommended to avoid arbitrary decisionmaking and to achieve "basic" or "fundamental" fairness.
First-principle and empirical modelling of the global-scale ionosphere.

The SUNDIAL program offers a unique opportunity to study ionospheric behavior on a global scale. As part of this program, data pertaining to solar, interplanetary, magnetospheric, ionospheric, and thermospheric conditions are collected simultaneously from a large number of satellite and ground-based sites spread around the world. In the coming years, these data should lead to a major improvement in both empirical and first-principle ionospheric models. As a benchmark against which to compare future progress, the present state of empirical and numerical ionospheric modeling is discussed. The discussion covers the capabilities and limitations of the existing models as well as the direction of future modeling efforts.
Counting String/M Vacua

We report on some recent work with M. R. Douglas and B. Shiffman on vacuum statistics for flux compactifications in string/M theory.
Camera calibration correction in Shape from Inconsistent Silhouette

The use of shape from silhouette for reconstruction tasks is plagued by two types of real-world errors: camera calibration error and silhouette segmentation error. When either error is present, we call the problem the Shape from Inconsistent Silhouette (SfIS) problem. In this paper, we show how small camera calibration error can be corrected when using a previously-published SfIS technique to generate a reconstruction, by using an Iterative Closest Point (ICP) approach. We give formulations under two scenarios: the first of which is only external camera calibration parameters rotation and translation need to be corrected for each camera and the second of which is that both internal and external parameters need to be corrected. We formulate the problem as a 2D–3D ICP problem and find approximate solutions using a nonlinear minimization algorithm, the Levenberg-Marquadt method. We demonstrate the ability of our algorithm to create more representative reconstructions of both synthetic and real datasets of thin objects as compared to uncorrected datasets.
Hyperacute Carotid Stent Thrombosis During Emergent Revascularization Treated with Intraarterial Eptifibatide After Systemic Administration of Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator.

A 57-year-old woman with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 26 was found to have an acute left carotid occlusion with tandem left M1 thrombus within 1.5 hours of symptom onset. After no neurologic improvement following standard-dose intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA), emergent neuroendovascular revascularization with carotid stenting and intracranial thrombectomy were performed under conscious sedation. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI)-3 flow restoration and symptom resolution were achieved postprocedure; however, complete carotid stent thrombosis was noted on final angiographic runs (25 minutes later), correlating with neurologic decline. Rapid administration of an intraarterial (IA) bolus dose of eptifibatide resulted in TIMI-3 flow restoration, with neurologic improvement. The patient was discharged three days postrevascularization on dual antiplatelet therapy with an NIHSS score of 1. Intraarterial (IA) eptifibatide can be an effective option for acute stent occlusion during emergent neuroendovascular revascularization after IV rtPA administration. ABBREVIATIONS CLEAR Combined approach to lysis utilizing eptifibatide and RtPA CT computed tomographic Fr French GP glycoprotein IA intraarterial ICA internal carotid artery IV intravenous MCA middle cerebral artery NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale rtPA recombinant tissue plasminogen activator TIMI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction Keywords: carotid stent thrombosis, intraarterial eptifibatide, intravenous recombinant tissue, plasminogen activator INTRODUCTION Carotid stent thrombosis is an uncommon source of profound morbidity and mortality that has been described in the setting of elective carotid stenting for atherosclerotic disease [1–5]. We report a case of hyperacute carotid stent occlusion immediately following emergent revascularization that was treated successfully with intraarterial (IA) eptifibatide in a patient who had received intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) in the setting of acute ischemic stroke.
Cell Cycle Dependency of Sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The study of sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is complicated by the fact that not all cells in the population complete sporulation and that the kinetics of development of those which do are not synchronous. By separating vegetative cells by zonal rotor centrifugation into fractions of increasing cell volume and hence progressive stages of the vegetative cell cycle, it was possible to observe sporulation of more homogeneous, synchronous populations. The capacity of S. cerevisiae to complete sporulation is low for small single cells at the beginning of the cell cycle and is greatest for large budded cells about to divide. The capacity of a cell to complete sporulation thus appears to be directly related to the stage in the vegetative cell cycle from which it was taken. The use of synchronously sporulating cultures made it possible to examine very early decision events leading to the commitment of a cell to sporulation. In addition, differences in the capacity of a mother and daughter cell produced by cell scission were examined.
Multiple Scale Edge Linking

An algorithm for finding a single good path through the set of edge points detected by the gradient of Gaussian operator is discussed. First, an algorithm for finding contours at one scale is presented, then extensions of that algorithm which use multiple scales to produce improved detection of weak edges are presented. Edge points are linked along the gradient maxima ridges using a weighted tree search algorithm. The weights at each point measure noise, curvature, gradient magnitude, and contour length. In the algorithm for multiple scales the search for a contour proceeds as for the single scale, using the largest scale, until a best partial contour at that scale has been found. Then the next finer scale is chosen and the neighborhood around the end points of the contour are examined to determine possible edge points in a direction similar to the end point of the contour. The original algorithm is then followed for each of the points satisfying the above condition, and the best is chosen as an extension to the original edge. A second algorithm uses gradient information obtained at multiple scales in the non-maxima suppression operation. The coarsest scale is used first. Then the edge points are shifted as the non-maxima suppression is applied at finer scales. Both algorithms improve the. detection of edge contours with little increase in noise. The second also reduces the delocalization occurring at larger scales.
Object identification from multi-frequency radar returns

Methods are presented for identifying object classes from a limited number of radar measurements. The radar measurements are the backscattered signal amplitudes at up to twelve harmonically related frequencies in the lower portion of the object's response spectrum. These amplitudes constitute a set of features upon which classification is based.The maximum and average probabilities of misclassification are computed for various classes represented by test samples corrupted by Gaussian noise. Various methods are derived which reduce classification errors.Results are presented which demonstrate that reliable classification can be obtained in the presence of noise.
Mechanism of operation and design considerations for surface acoustic wave device vapour sensors.

Abstract Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices offer many attractive features for application as vapour phase chemical microsensors. This paper describes the characteristics of SAW devices and techniques by which they can be employed as vapour sensors. The perturbation of SAW velocity by polymeric coating films is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Highest sensitivity can be achieved when the device is used as the resonating element in a delay line oscillator circuit. A simple equation has been developed from theoretical considerations which offers reasonably accurate quantitative predictions of SAW device frequency shifts when subjected to a given mass loading. In this mode the SAW device behaves very like conventional bulk-wave quartz crystal microbalances except that the sensitivity can be several orders of magnitude higher and the device size can be several orders of magnitude smaller. Detection of mass changes of a few femtograms by a SAW device having a surface area of 10−4 cm2 is theoretically possible.
Ab initio study of Schottky barriers at metal-nanotube contacts

The type of barrier at a metal/CNT junction is one of the key issues in nanotube electronics. Despite the extensive experimental work done to clarify this issue, there is no consensus in the nano-electronics community. We present here the first ab initio calculation on the Schottky barrier and tunneling barrier height of an idealized metal (Au, Pd, Pt) semiconducting (8,0) nanotube junction. All three metal species form Schottky barriers when contacting small diameter nanotubes. Two most important atomic geometrical factors influencing the Schottky barrier height are identified as the metal species and its surface orientation. Pd is found to have the lowest Schottky barrier. Our simulation results give useful insight into the on going experiments.
Optical PPM detection with sample decision photon counting

A sample-decision photon counting receiver architecture is proposed for use in optical communication systems operating in low-flux conditions such as proposed deep space optical links. The performance of this system using PPM signaling is analyzed and compared to the performance of an ideal photon counter and a slot-energy detection receiver architecture at representative operating points
Mounting large lenses for the MMT's f/5 wide-field corrector: lessons learned

At its f/5 focus, the 6.5 meter converted MMT uses a refractive corrector to produce excellent images over a field of view as large as 1° in diameter. We describe the construction challenges we encountered and the lessons we learned mounting the ~30 inch diameter lenses for this wide-field corrector. The corrector was completed in May 2002, was commissioned in May and June of 2003, and is now in regular use at the MMT for spectroscopic and imaging observations.
Trial of computerized screening for adolescent behavioral concerns.

OBJECTIVE.Injury risk, depressive symptoms, and substance use are the leading causes of adolescent morbidity and death. The goal of this randomized, controlled trial was to determine whether computerized screening with real-time printing of results for pediatricians increased the identification of these adolescent behavioral concerns. METHODS.A total of 878 primary care patients 11 to 20 years of age participated in computerized behavioral screening (the Health eTouch system) in waiting rooms of 9 urban clinics. These clinics all served predominantly low-income patients. The clinics were randomly assigned to have pediatricians receive screening results either just before face-to-face encounters with patients (immediate-results condition) or 2 to 3 business days later (delayed-results condition). RESULTS.Fifty-nine percent of Health eTouch respondents had positive results for 1o f the following behavioral concerns: injury risk behaviors, significant depressive symptoms, or substance use. Sixty-eight percent of youths in the immediate-results condition who screened positive were identified as having a problem by their pediatrician. This was significantly higher than the recognition rate of 52% for youths in the delayed-results condition. CONCLUSION.Immediate provision of an adolescent’s self-report of behavioral concerns to a pediatrician increased recognition of those problems, compared with the delayed provision of results. Pediatrics 2008;121:1099‐1105
Topological Structure of Main Circuit Inverter Based on Soft-Switching Technology and Parameters Adaptive

This paper presents a new topology of main circuit based on soft switching technology of ZVS-PWM. At present, hard switching is applied in most inverters. Because the switching power isnt equal to zero, a great number of losses on the switching are generated when the switching at a high frequency. To solve the fault of hard switching, this paper presents that apply the inverter circuits based on soft switching technology of ZVS-PWM to high frequency APF, which will decrease switching losses and noise greatly. The proposed topology and operation principle of the control method is discussed in detail, finally simulated results verify the effect of research.
Seasonal variation in mitochondrial responses to cadmium and temperature in eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) from different latitudes.

Cadmium (Cd) is an important environmental pollutant that can lead to impairment of cellular functions, energy misbalance and negatively impact survival in estuarine organisms including oysters. Like other marine bivalves, oysters can accumulate high Cd burdens in their tissues and are susceptible to the toxic effects of this metal. Presently, the factors that affect sensitivity to Cd toxicity and its variation in wild oyster populations are poorly understood. We analyzed geographical and seasonal variability of mitochondrial responses to elevated temperatures and Cd stress in eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica from populations adapted to different thermal regimes (subtropical Texas (TX), warm temperate North Carolina (NC) and cold temperate Washington (WA) areas). Seasonality had a strong effect on mitochondrial function in oysters from the two studied southern populations (TX and NC) but not in their northern (WA) counterparts, with decreased mitochondrial abundance and increased rates of mitochondrial proton leak in gill tissues of TX and NC oysters in summer. Compared to WA oysters, oysters from the two southern populations accumulated Cd faster in their tissues, and their mitochondria were more sensitive to Cd inhibition in resting and ADP-stimulated states at 20 and 28 °C. At 12 °C, inter-populational differences in Cd accumulation rates and sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration to Cd were not significant. Within each of the three studied populations, sensitivity of mitochondrial ADP-stimulated respiration to Cd inhibition increased with increasing temperatures (28 > 20 > 12 °C). This indicates that oysters from the two southern sites may be more vulnerable to Cd toxicity due to exposure to high environmental temperatures in summer, elevated rates of Cd accumulation and high intrinsic sensitivity of their mitochondria to Cd. This study suggests that data on sensitivity to pollutants obtained for one population of oysters should be extrapolated to other conspecific populations with caution and that regulatory standards for water pollution based on the studies from one geographical region may not be protective for other areas.
Oseltamivir Resistance: What Does It Mean Clinically?

Public health officials, infectious disease specialists, and the world’s population at large are girding their loins for the next influenza season. The winter months portend outbreaks, if not pandemics, of infections caused by both the seasonal influenza A virus subtype H3N2 and the novel influenza A virus subtype H1N1 or swine-origin virus. The swine-origin virus has never entirely gone away since its emergence last season and has manifested itself as a smoldering pandemic that refuses to die down but which has thankfully also not yet flared up, as the most virulent of influenza pandemics do. Accelerated efforts are under way to produce, test, and distribute vaccines against the “usual suspects”, as well as a vaccine directed at the novel H1N1 variant. However, in the absence of a vaccine, there has been universal reliance on the neuraminidase inhibitors for prophylaxis and treatment of presumed and proven novel H1N1 virus infection. Physicians and occupational health clinics in medical facilities have been faced with a number of conundrums related to the administra-
How the virtual library transforms interlibrary loans ‐ the OhioLINK experience

While the primary reason for a library’s collections is their use as widely and broadly as possible, the issues clustered around interlibrary lending are central to redefining what libraries will be in the twenty‐first century. Discusses interlibrary lending among OhioLINK libraries ‐ a consortium of all libraries located in Ohio‐based colleges and universities. It describes OhioLINK and talks about how both the sharing of books and the sharing of articles are being tackled. It concludes with how some interesting changes in traditional interlibrary loan thinking are changing the way in which libraries are being envisioned generally in Ohio.
Antibody immunotherapy for leukemia

Monoclonal antibodies have become an important modality for cancer therapy. Genetically engineered chimeric and humanized antibodies have demonstrated activity against both overt leukemia and minimal residual disease. High-dose radioimmunotherapy can potentially allow intensification of antileukemic therapy before bone marrow transplantation yet minimize radiation exposure to normal organs. Targeted a particle therapy offers the possibility of selective tumor cell kill while sparing surrounding normal cells. Antibody-drug conjugates and immunotoxins have produced complete remissions in leukemia.
The impact of various patient factors on contact allergy to nickel, cobalt, and chromate

Background Positive patch-test results to nickel, cobalt, and chromate alone and in combinations with one another are well known to occur. Patient factors that may play a role in isolated and concurrent sensitization to these allergens have not been studied in the US population. Objective We sought to determine the prevalence of isolated and concurrent nickel, cobalt, and chromate sensitizations and to investigate the impact of various patient factors on their development. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on patch-test data of 1187 patients evaluated at one US center from January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2004, 208 of whom had a positive reaction to at least one metal. Statistical analyses to evaluate associations of metal contact allergy with patient factors were performed using the χ 2 test and conditional odds ratio. Results All patients who reacted to metal had increased odds of cosensitization to another metal. Patients who reacted to nickel were more likely to be female. Those who reacted to chromate were more likely to be male and to have an occupational cause for their dermatitis. There was a strong trend for patients who reacted to cobalt to be non-Caucasian. All those who reacted to metal had increased odds of a history of atopic eczema. Chromate reactions and isolated cobalt reactions were less likely to have known relevance than other (nonmetal) allergens. Several metal allergy combinations showed a predilection toward specific dermatitis sites, especially the scalp, eyelids, ears, and lips. Limitations The study was a retrospective analysis, exploratory in nature, and had relatively small numbers of patients with particular multiple metal allergy combinations. Conclusion This research confirms the sex predilections toward nickel and chromate allergy and suggests enhanced sensitivity to metals among those with atopic eczema. The results also serve to raise questions regarding occupationally related chromate allergy in men, the relevance of cobalt allergy, exposure patterns resulting in enhanced sensitivity to cobalt in non-Caucasians, and associations between metal allergens and dermatitis site. The answers to these questions require more detailed studies.
Membrane anchoring and release of carboxypeptidase M: Implications for extracellular hydrolysis of peptide hormones

Carboxypeptidase M (CPM) was discovered as a membrane-bound B-type carboxypeptidase which is widely distributed in a variety of tissues and cells. The amino acid sequence of CPM indicated that the C-terminal hydrophobic region might be a signal for membrane attachment via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. This was demonstrated by [3H)ethanolamine labeling of Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells which resulted in labeling of the membrane anchor of CPM as shown by immunoprecipitation, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Trypsin released CPM from the membrane, resulting in removal of the radiolabeled ethanolamine. Carboxypeptidase activity was spontaneously and continuously released from MDCK cells into the medium. The released enzyme is a soluble form of CPM as shown by Triton X-114 partitioning, immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, inhibition studies and its neutral pH optimum. CPM was also found in soluble form in biological fluids such as urine and amniotic fluid where it is the primary enzyme that hydrolyzes epidermal growth factor (EGF), producing des-Arg53-EGF. These data indicate that CPM is involved in peptide metabolism on both the cell surface and in extracellular fluids.
Evaluation of the effect of azapropazone on neutrophil migration in anaesthetized swine using a multichamber blister suction technique.

1. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vivo inhibitory efficacy of azapropazone on neutrophil migration. The effects of azapropazone given at a dose of 100 mg kg-1 i.v. every 2 h on the neutrophil migration into skin inflammation sites (blister fluid) as well as into an autologous serum (+/- chemoattractant) placed above the blister surface (2nd chamber) were determined. 2. Azapropazone treatment schedule maintained blood levels at 70-100 micrograms ml-1 throughout the time course (360 min) of the experiment. 3. Azapropazone significantly inhibited (48 +/- 6%) neutrophil migration into the blister fluid (as evident from the decrease in myeloperoxidase activity). 4. Azapropazone significantly inhibited the neutrophil migration into the autologous serum either with (65 +/- 5%) or (35 +/- 6%) without the chemoattractant, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). The chemoattractant, FMLP, markedly increased neutrophil migration into the autologous serum by approximately 1.5 to 2 times the non-FMLP treated group. Azapropazone was more efficacious in inhibiting the neutrophil migration in the presence of FMLP than in its absence. 5. We conclude that azapropazone is an effective inhibitor of neutrophil migration into topically inflamed sites in anaesthetized swine.
Numerical simulation of detonation initiation in a flame brush : The role of hot spots

Abstract This is the final paper in a series describing numerical simulations of deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) for conditions similar to reflected shock-tube experiments in an acetylene–air mixture (100 Torr, 298 K). In the experiments and calculations, the interaction of a shock wave and an expanding flame front leads to the rapid creation of a turbulent flame brush and, for sufficiently high Mach numbers of the incident shock, to the subsequent transition to a detonation. The two-dimensional reactive Navier-Stokes equations, including the effects of viscosity, thermal conduction, molecular diffusion, and chemical reaction, are solved on a high-resolution adapting mesh. Shock-flame interactions, through the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability, create and maintain a highly turbulent flame brush and are responsible for injecting unburned material into the region of burned material. Hot spots are created by pressure fluctuations and shocks generated in the flame brush. At relatively low Mach numbers, hot spots that transition to detonation are created outside of the flame brush. For higher Mach numbers, such hot spots are created in pockets of unreacted material inside the flame brush. In both cases, the hot spots give rise to detonations by the gradient mechanism, in which a gradient in induction time leads to a supersonic spontaneous wave that later becomes a detonation.
Bivalent Sequential Binding Model of a Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin to Gypsy Moth Aminopeptidase N Receptor

Specificity for target insects of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal Cry toxins is largely determined by toxin affinity for insect midgut receptors. The mode of binding for one such toxin-receptor complex was investigated by extensive toxin mutagenesis, followed by real-time receptor binding analysis using an optical biosensor (BIAcore). Wild-type Cry1Ac, a three-domain, lepidopteran-specific toxin, bound purified gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) aminopeptidase N (APN) biphasically. Site 1 displayed fast association and dissociation kinetics, while site 2 possessed slower kinetics, yet tighter affinity. We empirically determined that two Cry1Ac surface regions are involved in in vivo toxicity and APN binding. Mutations within domain III affected binding rates to APN site 1, whereas mutations in domain II affected binding rates to APN site 2. Furthermore, domain III contact is completely inhibited in the presence of N-acetylgalactosamine, indicating loss of domain III binding eliminates all APN binding. Based upon these observations, the following model is proposed. A cavity in lectin-like domain III initiates docking through recognition of anN-acetylgalactosamine moiety on L. dispar APN. Following primary docking, a higher affinity domain II binding mechanism occurs, which is critical for insecticidal activity.
Informed consent for return of incidental findings in genomic research

Researchers face the dilemma of how to obtain consent for return of incidental findings from genomic research. We surveyed and interviewed investigators and study participants, with the goal of providing suggestions for how to shape the consent process. We performed an online survey of 254 US genetic researchers identified through the NIH RePORTER database, abstracts from the 2011 American Society of Human Genetics meeting, and qualitative semi-structured interviews with 28 genomic researchers and 20 research participants. Most researchers and participants endorsed disclosure of a wide range of information about return of incidental findings, including risks, benefits, impact on family members, data security, and procedures, for return of results in the event of death or incapacity and for recontact. However, most researchers were willing to devote 30 min or less to this process and expressed concerns that disclosed information would overwhelm participants, a concern shared by many participants themselves. There is a disjunction between the views of investigators and participants about the amount of information that should be disclosed and the practical realities of the research setting, including the time available for consent discussions. This strongly suggests the need for innovative approaches to the informed consent process. Genet Med 16 5, 367–373.
Modeling power system operation with intermittent resources

Electricity generating companies and power system operators face the need to minimize total fuel cost and maximize total profit over a given time period. These issues become optimization problems subject to a large number of constraints that must be satisfied simultaneously. The grid updates due to smart-grid technologies, plus the penetration of intermittent resources in electrical grid, introduce additional complexity to the optimization problem. The Renewable Integration Model (RIM) is a computer model of an interconnected power system. It is intended to provide insight and advice on complex power systems management, as well as answers to questions relating to the integration of renewable energy. This paper describes the RIM basic design concept, solution method, and the initial suite of modules that it supports.