cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neuromuscular Retraining Intervention Programs: Do They Reduce Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Rates in Adolescent Female Athletes?

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify neuromuscular training intervention programs that significantly reduced the incidence of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates in female adolescent athletes. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed was conducted to determine the outcome of ACL neuromuscular retraining programs in a specific population. The inclusion criteria were English language, published from 1994-2013, original clinical trials, all evidence levels, female athletes aged 19 years or younger, and noncontact ACL injury incidence rates determined by athlete-exposures. Results: Of 694 articles identified, 8 met the inclusion criteria. Three training programs significantly reduced noncontact ACL injury incidence rates in female adolescent athletes. These were the Sportsmetrics, Prevent Injury and Enhance Performance, and Knee Injury Prevention programs. The estimated number of athletes who needed to train to prevent 1 ACL injury in these 3 studies ranged from 70 to 98, and the relative risk reduction ranged from 75% to 100%. Five programs did not significantly reduce noncontact ACL injury incidence rates. The ACL injury incidence rates for control subjects were lower in these studies (0.03 to 0.08 per 1,000 athlete-exposures) than in those investigations that had a significant effect (0.21 to 0.49 per 1,000 athlete-exposures). There was wide variability among all programs in the frequency, duration, and timing of training; how training was conducted, supervised, or controlled; the components of the program; how exposure data were calculated; noncontact ACL injury incidence rates in the control groups; and compliance with training. Conclusions: Three ACL intervention programs successfully reduced noncontact ACL injury incidence rates in female adolescent athletes. Pooling of data of all ACL intervention programs is not recommended because of numerous methodologic differences among studies. Level of Evidence: Level II, systematic review of Level I and II studies.
Lymph Node Metastasis From Carcinoma in Situ of the Penis: A Case Report

ABSTRACTLymph node metastasis from carcinoma in situ of the penis is rare. We report a case of carcinoma in situ of the penis that was initially managed with circumcision and topical 5-fluorouracil. Subsequently inguinal and para-aortic lymph node metastasis developed, which was treated successfully with systemic chemotherapy and right inguinal lymph node dissection. The patient is free of disease 7 years after initial diagnosis and 3 years after the diagnosis of nodal metastasis.
Introduction to symposium — Brevetoxins: Chemistry and pharmacology of ‘red tide’ toxins from Ptychodiscus brevis (formerly Gymnodinium breve)

IN THE last few years extraordinary advances have been made in scientific knowledge of the brevetoxins. After decades of effort to purify the toxic constituents of the Gulf of Mexico `red tide', not .only have the major chemical entities been purified, but their unusually complex structures have been elucidated . During recent years considerable information has been gathered on the cellular mechanisms of action in excitable tissues and on the sites of actions of the toxins in producing their effects on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems in intact organisms. The availability of pure brevetoxins has allowed the molecular mechanism of the effect on excitable mechanisms to be defined in some detail . These scientific advances, as well as the need to stimulate interest in using the basic science information in alleviating the economic and health problems caused by the `red tides', were the underlying reasons for gathering this symposium, which appears to be the first devoted solely to the brevetoxins . There are several pertinent reasons to focus attention on these `red tide' toxins of the Gulf of Mexico and Florida coasts . In addition to the fact that much new chemical and pharmacological information has been gathered in the past few years, the brevetoxin `red tides' produce costly and troublesome fish kills, they cause acute human illness from the ingestion of toxin concentrated by filter feeding shellfish and by producing irritating wind-borne aerosols they make the beach areas invaded by this type of `red tide' intolerable for humans and their animal pets . `Red tide' blooms have been associated with fish kills in the Gulf of Mexico for at least 100 years (WALI~R, 1884). The organism responsible for producing these events was described and named Gymnodinium breve by Davis in 1948 (DAVIS, 1948). A few years ago a more detailed electron microscopic study of this toxin-producing, unarmored dinoflagellate led Steidinger in 1979 to a taxonomic reclassification and renaming of
Seek Stability and You Shall Find: US Policy and Secessionist Movements

A Stability-Seeking Power: U.S. Foreign Policy and Secessionist Conflicts. By Jonathan Paquin. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2010. 230 pp., $27.95 paperback (ISBN-13: 978-0-7735-3737-8). In a book that seems long overdue, Jonathan Paquin explores what drives the United States to recognize certain secessionist movements but not others. Traditionally an overlooked or marginalized subject, Paquin seeks to elevate secessionist movements from a subcategory of civil wars or domestic conflicts to that of a unique field of study. Paquin's A Stability-Seeking Power more than provides a starting point for such an endeavor. Paquin defines secessionist movements as political units that seek to become new independent and sovereign entities. He notes they have the potential to be a destabilizing force in international politics. This is what makes them a concern for the global hegemon. Yet, the United States has been selective in both to whom and when it gives diplomatic recognition. For Paquin, the dependent variable of diplomatic recognition is key. He notes that aid or an expressed solidarity is simply not enough, as both can be a form of low-cost support or simply rhetoric. Instead, diplomatic recognition automatically gives a sense of legitimacy to the secessionists because of the political leverage and stature of the United States. Having this blessing may ultimately determine a movement's success or failure. According to Paquin, the problem with the existing literature has been either its overwhelming normative slant, its inability to explain US specific variation, or a lack of …
NEST‐SITE LIMITATION IN COFFEE AGROECOSYSTEMS: ARTIFICIAL NESTS MAINTAIN DIVERSITY OF ARBOREAL ANTS

Nest sites are a limiting resource for arboreal twig-nesting ants, and nest sites may be increasingly limited with habitat modification. One such habitat modification is the conversion of traditional coffee farms, where coffee is cultivated under a dense, diverse shade canopy, to more intensive production systems with reduced canopy cover and lower diversity, height, and density of shade trees. As a result of such management intensification, ant diversity declines. We ask here if: (1) nest sites are a limiting resource for arboreal twig-nesting ants in coffee farms, especially in intensively managed systems and (2) nest-site limitation is a mechanism causing loss of ant diversity with coffee man- agement intensification. During 2000-2003, we investigated occupancy, species richness, and species composition of arboreal twig-nesting ants using natural (hollow coffee twig) and artificial (bamboo stem) nests in farms either with high or low diversity and density of shade trees. In both high- and low-shade sites ants occupied a majority ( .55%) of natural nests and occupied some (.15%) artificial nests, and significantly more artificial nests were occupied in low-shade sites. In both high- and low-shade sites, ant richness was higher in artificial than in natural nests. More species occupied natural nests in low-shade sites, and more species occupied artificial nests in high-shade sites. Furthermore, species composition differed between nest types, with more ant species found more often or only in artificial nests. These results indicate that, although ants are not strongly nest-site limited in coffee agroecosystems, nest limitation increases somewhat with increasing management intensi- fication. Reductions in numbers of nest sites may be a mechanism causing ant diversity loss with coffee management intensification. Interestingly, because relatively fewer species colonized artificial nests in the low-shade site, ants may be recruitment limited in the low-
Education and Grandparenting Roles

This study examines the association between educational attainment and grandparenting attitudes and behaviors. The sample of 884 grandparents comes from tworelated studies of rural families, the Io...
Methods for the Scientific Study of Discrimination and Health: An Ecosocial Approach.

The scientific study of how discrimination harms health requires theoretically grounded methods. At issue is how discrimination, as one form of societal injustice, becomes embodied inequality and is manifested as health inequities. As clarified by ecosocial theory, methods must address the lived realities of discrimination as an exploitative and oppressive societal phenomenon operating at multiple levels and involving myriad pathways across both the life course and historical generations. An integrated embodied research approach hence must consider (1) the structural level-past and present de jure and de facto discrimination; (2) the individual level-issues of domains, nativity, and use of both explicit and implicit discrimination measures; and (3) how current research methods likely underestimate the impact of racism on health.
Alternative Mechanism for Defect Generation in a-Si:H

Recombination-driven mechanisms for defect formation do not account well for several experimental facts, and indeed conflict with some facts. To overcome these problems, an alternative mechanism is proposed in which latent defect centers are converted to metastable defects (dangling bonds) without a recombination event. The transitions are driven simply by electron capture at the center with no energy barrier. A new configuration-coordinate diagram expressing this mechanism includes essential configuration-induced changes in the energies of band edges, and accounts for several other previously problematic observations. This carrier-induced mechanism (CIM) is consistent with defect formation in forward bias and defect inhibition in reverse bias, light-enhanced annealing, as well as the usual light-induced and beam-induced formation. For low orħħωthe process starts by ionization of an existing defect.
Use of ultrashort pulse lasers in medicine

Tissue ablation with ultrashort laser pulses offers several unique advantages. The nonlinear energy deposition is insensitive to tissue type allowing this tool to be used for soft and hard tissue ablation. The localized energy deposition leads to precise ablation depth and minimal collateral damage. Here, the authors discuss the important differences relevant to medical applications, between ultrashort pulse lasers and laser systems now used in medicine. Some specific examples of applications which may ultimately benefit from this new technology are also discussed.
Vapor-liquid equilibrium thermodynamics of N2 + CH4 - Model and Titan applications

A thermodynamic model is presented for vapor-liquid equilibrium in the N2 + CH4 system, which is implicated in calculations of the Titan tropospheric clouds' vapor-liquid equilibrium thermodynamics. This model imposes constraints on the consistency of experimental equilibrium data, and embodies temperature effects by encompassing enthalpy data; it readily calculates the saturation criteria, condensate composition, and latent heat for a given pressure-temperature profile of the Titan atmosphere. The N2 content of condensate is about half of that computed from Raoult's law, and about 30 percent greater than that computed from Henry's law.
On the wall effect correction of the Stokes drag formula for axially symmetric bodies moving inside a cylindrical tube

In dieser Arbeit wird der Einfluss der Wand auf die Bewegung eines rotationssymmetrischen Korpers langs der Achse eines mit zaher Flussigkeit gefullten Rohres betrachtet. Der Widerstand des Korpers wird unter der Voraussetzung berechnet, dass die Dimensionen des Korpers gegenuber dem Radius des Rohres klein sind. Wir finden fur den WiderstandD eines Korpers, der sich mit der GeschwindigkeitU langs der Achse einer zylindrischen Rohre mit dem inneren RadiusR bewegt, woD o der Widerstand des Korpers in einer sonst den ganzen Raum fullenden Flussigkeit, κ eine Konstante etwa gleich 2.203, und μ die Viskositatskonstante ist.
Gene expression profiles of mouse submandibular gland development: FGFR1 regulates branching morphogenesis in vitro through BMP- and FGF-dependent mechanisms

Analyses of gene expression profiles at five different stages of mouse submandibular salivary gland development provide insight into gland organogenesis and identify genes that may be critical at different stages. Genes with similar expression profiles were clustered, and RT-PCR was used to confirm the developmental changes. We focused on fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), as its expression is highest early in gland development. We extended our array results and analyzed the developmental expression patterns of other FGFR and FGF isoforms. The functional significance of FGFR1 was confirmed by submandibular gland organ culture. Antisense oligonucleotides decreased expression of FGFR1 and reduced branching morphogenesis of the glands. Inhibiting FGFR1 signaling with SU5402, a FGFR1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, reduced branching morphogenesis. SU5402 treatment decreased cell proliferation but did not increase apoptosis. Fgfr, Fgf and Bmp gene expression was localized to either the mesenchyme or the epithelium by PCR, and then measured over time by real time PCR after SU5402 treatment. FGFR1 signaling regulates Fgfr1, Fgf1, Fgf3 and Bmp7 expression and indirectly regulates Fgf7, Fgf10 and Bmp4. Exogenous FGFs and BMPs added to glands in culture reveal distinct effects on gland morphology. Glands cultured with SU5402 were then rescued with exogenous BMP7, FGF7 or FGF10. Taken together, our results suggest specific FGFs and BMPs play reciprocal roles in regulating branching morphogenesis and FGFR1 signaling plays a central role by regulating both FGF and BMP expression.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor–Associated Factor 2 Mediates Mitochondrial Autophagy

Background—Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling protects against ischemia/reperfusion–induced cardiomyocyte death, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. TNF-receptor–associated factor 2 (TRAF2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, coordinates cytoprotective signaling downstream of both TNF receptors, via unclear mechanisms. Noting that TRAF2 is recruited to mitochondria, and that autophagic removal of ubiquitin-tagged damaged mitochondria is cytoprotective, we tested the hypothesis that TRAF2 mediates mitochondrial autophagy. Methods and Results—TRAF2 localizes to the mitochondria in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes, and TNF treatment transcriptionally upregulates TRAF2 abundance in the mitochondrial subfraction. TRAF2 colocalizes with ubiquitin, p62 adaptor protein, and mitochondria within LC3-bound autophagosomes; and exogenous TRAF2 enhances autophagic removal of mitochondria. TRAF2 knockdown with adenoviral shRNA transduction induces accumulation of depolarized mitochondria in resting neonatal rat cardiac myocytes, as we...
Multilevel fast multipole calibration of ray models with application to wireless propagation

Ray tracing models are known to yield accurate results if a sufficient number of terms (e.g. diffraction mechanisms) are accounted for in the asymptotic formulation. For wireless applications one desires a ray analysis in which the fewest number of terms are retained, to obtain accurate and computationally efficient results. When retaining a subset of scattering mechanisms in a ray solution, validation is desirable via a rigorous numerical model. In the work presented here the multilevel fast-multipole algorithm is used to validate ray-tracing models for complex environments, including forest-like media.
Responses of Cockroach Antennal Lobe Projection Neurons to Pulsatile Olfactory Stimuli

: Behavioral evidence indicates that insects preferentially orient toward pulses of odorants as they occur downwind from a point source. Our recent results have shown that cockroach olfactory receptor neurons are able to reliably resolve 10-Hz pulses of the general 'green' odorant 1-hexanol, but it is unknown to what extent the central olfactory pathway is able to resolve temporal aspects of a general odor stimulus. In the present study, temporal response characteristics were measured in antennal lobe projection neurons of female American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana in response to series of short odor pulses (2.5-20 Hz). Odor pulses were delivered to olfactory sensilla in a moving airstream controlled by electromagnetic valves and quantified by replacing the odorant with oil smoke and measuring the concentration of smoke passing through a light beam. The responses of projection neurons were recorded with an intracellular microelectrode placed in the projection neuron cell body. A variety of time courses of responses were recorded. Response patterns were consistent among identical stimuli within a neuron and varied among neurons. Some neurons increased spike frequency with stimulus onset while others decreased spike frequency. The latency to the change in spike frequency and the duration of the response also varied among neurons. Regardless of the temporal characteristics of the responses, nearly all projection neurons were able to resolve pulses of 1-hexanol presented at 5 Hz and some could resolve 10-Hz pulses. Thus, responses of antennal lobe projection neurons can reflect fine structures of non-uniform distributions of general odorants in a turbulent odor plume. In addition, the variety of temporal response characteristics to identical stimuli suggests that odor quality is coded by a temporal code expressed across a population of projection neurons.
Sex differences in neuroimmune response to neonatal infection in brain regions important for learning and memory: Implications for developmental disorders

Many developmental and psychiatric disorders exhibit strong sex differences with males being biased towards diagnosis of developmental disorders. Interestingly, many of these disorders have been linked to early-life immune activation. One theory regarding increased male susceptibility involves the activation of immune factors in early life; however factors such as sex and microglia function affecting immune activation are not well understood. Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain and respond to infections with rapid increases in cytokine release. We recently discovered that males have significantly more microglia in the hippocampus and amygdala compared to females on postnatal (P) day 4. Subsequently, we examined proinflammatory cytokine responses to neonatal infection at P4 in males and females 8 and 24 hours following a low dose of Escherichia coli (E.coli). Contrary to our predictions, males and females showed similar neuroimmune responses at P4 in the hippocampus, cerebellum, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex with neonatally infected animals showing exaggerated cytokine levels compared to saline controls ( p ′ s .05); however; in the periphery males showed significantly greater levels of IL-1Beta and TNF-alpha 8 hours following neonatal infection compared to females ( p ′ s .05). We are currently examining microglia response to an ex vivo immune challenge to address whether microglia may be inherently more reactive in a sex-dependent manner outside of cell number or peripheral immune signals.
Thin Film Coatings as Electrodes in Neuroscience

Neural electrodes are essential tools widely used in both basic neuroscience studies and clinical applications to treat various neurodegenerative diseases. In this chapter we explore the common and novel thin film materials used in fabrication of neural electrodes. Discussion will include the physical and chemical properties of thin film coating materials that make them advantageous compared to hard and solid electrodes like silicon etc. To assess the biocompatibility requirements for the neural electrodes, it is important to understand the anatomy of the brain and the neural environment. This chapter will discuss the typical immune response around the implant with coatings and the tests for biocompatibility. How nanotechnology offers huge potential in the fabrication of high performance electrodes with thin film coating are addressed in terms of the current state of the art materials and fabrication technology. At the end, the future trends in research related to thin film coatings will be presented briefly.
Uncertainty and information-seeking patterns: A test of competing hypotheses in the context of health care reform

This article integrates three uncertainty frameworks (i.e., uncertainty reduction, motivation to reduce uncertainty, predicted outcome value) to examine the relationship between uncertainty and information seeking in the context of health care reform. The study consisted of a pretest to assess model variables, tracking of online information seeking (by monitoring website use), and a posttest. Results indicate predicted outcome value theory is the best predictor of information seeking, which is subsequently associated with greater certainty and information recall. The data suggest uncertainty alone is not enough to motivate information seeking; individuals must perceive information to have appreciable value in order to spend time seeking it. Theoretical and practical applications, as well as avenues for future research, are presented.
Activation of Hageman Factor by Lipopolysaccharides of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides vulgatus, and Fusobacterium mortiferum

Preincubation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides vulgatus, and Fusobacterium mortiferum with purified human Hageman factor (HF) followed by addition of purified human prekallikrein resulted in the activation of HF, as measured by the generation of kallikrein using the tripeptide substrate N-alpha-benzoyl-L-proline-L-phenylalanine-L-arginine-4-nitroanilide. Addition of purified HF, which had been preincubated with the LPS, to HF-deficient plasma resulted in the acceleration of the recalcification time. Addition of the LPS to HF-deficient plasma reconstituted with various concentrations of HF also resulted in the acceleration of the recalcification time; the magnitude of the acceleration correlated with the amount of HF used to reconstitute the deficient plasma. These results demonstrate that LPS of selected gram-negative anaerobes activate HF and thereby initiate the intrinsic pathway of coagulation.
Differences in Behavioral Compliance as a Function of Warning Color

A body of literature asserts color's influence on display preference, cognition, behavior, and performance. Although these results have clear implications for the design of consumer product warnings, color has been disproportionately underrepresented in warnings research. The present study examined the effect of color on compliance with printed warnings. Sixty-five undergraduates interacted with a pool water test kit and a two-part adhesive. The warning on each product was factorial for color (i.e., red, green, and black) and was constant for content. Participants indicated a higher likelihood of injury associated with products printed in red than green or black. Behavioral compliance was assessed by indicating if subjects donned protective gloves as directed by the warning. The data indicated that warnings printed in red resulted in a higher proportion of compliant behavior than green and black combined.
Analysis of the Mating System in the Black-Tailed Prairie Dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) by Likelihood of Paternity

Black-tailed prairie dogs ( Cynomys ludovicianus ) live in colonies composed of contiguous but separate groups called coteries. A coterie usually contains one or two adult males, one to six adult females, and several yearlings and juveniles. For 50 of 52 litters produced by 46 females in 1979 and 1980, an electrophoretic analysis of four blood proteins indicated that the litter was fathered by one of the males in the home coterie. For 14 of 18 litters produced in coteries containing more than one adult male, paternity could be unambiguously assigned to one of the resident males. These results indicate that coteries, originally defined as units of social structure, are also units of reproduction.
Longitudinal Relationships Among Perceived Injunctive and Descriptive Norms and Marijuana Use.

Objective:The current study uses longitudinal data to examine the relative influence of perceived descriptive and injunctive norms for proximal and distal referents on marijuana use.Method:Participants were 740 undergraduate students (67% female) who completed web-based surveys at two time points 12 months apart. Time 1 measures included reports of marijuana use, approval, perceived descriptive norms, and perceived injunctive norms for the typical student, close friends, and parents. At Time 2, students reported on their marijuana use.Results:Results of a path analysis suggest that, after we controlled for Time 1 marijuana use, greater perceived friend approval indirectly predicted Time 2 marijuana use as mediated by personal approval. Greater perceived parental approval was both indirectly and directly associated with greater marijuana use at follow-up. Perceived typical-student descriptive norms were neither directly nor indirectly related to Time 2 marijuana use.Conclusions:The findings support the rol...
Risk of pulmonary embolism after a prior negative CT pulmonary angiogram

Abstract Context With increasing utilization of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE), many patients undergo repeat CTs. Objective The aim of this study is to identify the rate of positive subsequent CTPAs after an initial negative CTPA and whether there is a risk-free period after a negative CTPA. Methods We evaluated 318 patients with at least 1 subsequent CTPA after an initial negative CTPA, with 786 total CTPAs. We also evaluated a control group of 200 unselected CTPAs. Results The positive rate in the repeat group was 7% at the first repeat CTPA and 10% per-patient within 1000 days. The positive rate in the control group was 9% ( P = not significant). No risk-free period was seen, with a positive rate of 5% within 2 weeks after a negative CTPA. The number of prior negative CTPAs showed a trend towards decreasing rate of the subsequent CTPA being positive, but this did not meet statistical significance. Discussion There is no risk-free period after an initial negative CTPA, and therefore, patients with clinical suspicion of PE should be rescanned even after a recent negative study. Even patients with multiple negative prior CTPAs have a measurable risk of subsequent PE. Established clinical prediction scoring systems must be used to triage the patients who need CTPAs.
All-Payer Analysis of Heart Failure Hospitalization 30-Day Readmission: Comorbidities Matter.

Abstract Background Thirty-day readmission following heart failure hospitalization impacts hospital performance measures and reimbursement. We investigated readmission characteristics and the magnitude of 30-day hospital readmissions after hospital discharge for heart failure using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases (SID). Methods Adults aged ≥ 40 years hospitalized with a primary discharge diagnosis of heart failure from 2007-2011 were identified in the California, New York, and Florida SIDs. Characteristics of patients with and without 7-, 8 to 30-, and 30-day readmission, and primary readmission diagnoses and risk factors for readmission were examined. Results We identified 547,068 patients with mean age 74.7 years; 50.7% were female, and 65.4% were White. Of 117,123 patients (21.4%) readmitted within 30 days (median 12 days), 69.7% had a non-heart failure primary readmission diagnosis. Patients with 30-day readmissions more frequently had a history of previous admission with heart failure as a secondary diagnosis, fluid and electrolyte disorders, and chronic deficiency anemia. There were no significant clinical differences at baseline between those patients whose first readmission was in the first 7 days after discharge vs in the next 23 days. The most common primary diagnoses for 30-day non-heart failure readmissions were other cardiovascular conditions (14.9%), pulmonary disease (8.5%), and infections (7.7%). Conclusions In this large all-payer cohort, ∼70% of 30-day readmissions were for non-heart failure causes, and the median time to readmission was 12 days. Future interventions to reduce readmissions should focus on common comorbid conditions that contribute to readmission burden.
Reading others comments and public opinion poll results on social media

Applying Social Judgment Theory and the Spiral of Silence, we tested the effects of online comments and public opinion polls on the public's latitude of acceptance of others' online comments, attitude toward a company, and willingness to speak out on Social Media. We conducted two experiments and found that the effects of online comments and public opinion polls interact with individuals' prior attitudes toward a corporation. The latitude of acceptance toward online comments and participants' willingness to speak out online increased as the comments themselves became negative only among people with negative prior attitudes. However, the change was not detected among people with positive prior attitudes. Practical and theoretical implications were further discussed. With NPA, reading two-sided comments increased latitude of acceptance.Those with NPA had a higher latitude of acceptance toward negative comments.Those with NPA were more willing to speak out when others' comments were negative.No differences were found among those with positive prior attitudes (PPA).
Comparison of SHAPE reagents for mapping RNA structures inside living cells

Recent advances in SHAPE technology have converted the classic primer extension method to next-generation sequencing platforms, allowing transcriptome-level analysis of RNA secondary structure. In particular, icSHAPE and SHAPE-MaP, using NAI-N3 and 1M7 reagents, respectively, are methods that claim to measure in vivo structure with high-throughput sequencing. However, these compounds have not been compared on an unbiased, raw-signal level. Here, we directly compare several in vivo SHAPE acylation reagents using the simple primer extension assay. We conclude that while multiple SHAPE technologies are effective at measuring purified RNAs in vitro, acylimidazole reagents NAI and NAI-N3 give markedly greater signals with lower background than 1M7 for in vivo measurement of the RNA structurome.
Au Nègre Joyeux: Everyday Antiblackness Guised as Public Art

Au Negre Joyeux, a large sign that dates from the late eighteenth century, is prominently on display in an area of high tourism in Paris, France. There is no accompanying historical plaque to explain its provenance or significance, and sources about the piece are contradictory as well as suspect. I argue that this sign is not only experienced as everyday anti-blackness but is in fact precisely that: anti-black. Not only does the sign reinforce stigmatizing representations of people racialized as black (thus “b” in lowercase), such visual imagery, guised as public art, also negates any notion of race-blindness in France, past and present.
Towards a Composable Computer System

The recent advancement of technology in both software and hardware enables us to revisit the concept of the composable architecture in the system design. The composable system design provides flexibility to serve a variety of workloads. The system offers a dynamic co-design platform that allows experiments and measurements in a controlled environment. This speeds up the system design and software evolution. It also decouples the lifecycles of components. The design consideration includes adopting available technology with the understanding of application characteristics. With the flexibility, we show the design has the potential to be the infrastructure of both cloud computing and HPC architecture serving a variety of workloads.
Mobility in pictures: a participatory photovoice narrative study exploring powered mobility provision for children and families.

Aim Rehabilitation professionals are increasingly recognizing mobility as a basic human right and endorsing the efficacy of early powered mobility for children with mobility impairments to foster independence, promote socialization with peers and facilitate participation in family and community life. However, the relationship between mobility and technology provision, when considered in the context of lived experiences of children with mobility impairments and their families, is complex and understudied. Perceptions of these experiences from children's own points of view are especially limited, as is the use of participatory research methods in describing these experiences. The purpose of this study was to empower children and families as co-researchers, investigating their experiences and perspectives of powered mobility provision processes and early use of their mobility technology in their own words and images. Methods: Two families in a major Midwest metropolitan area- one who was receiving a powered wheelchair and one who was receiving a modified powered ride-on toy car- participated as co-researchers from 2015-2016, documenting their experiences with a research camera and narrating their photos to describe meaningful or important aspects of their respective powered mobility provision processes and early use of their devices. Results Four themes emerged: (1) Dys/Function of Mobility Technology; (2) Daily Life, Play and Participation; (3) Emerging Self/Advocacy and (4) Complex Family/Industry Interplay. Conclusions: These themes and experiences may inform further innovation in powered mobility practices, generate new hypotheses about the role of technology in shaping disability identity and demonstrate the feasibility and impact of using participatory methods more broadly in rehabilitation research. Implications for Rehabilitation Participatory methods may be a useful and underutilized research tool in describing the impact of powered mobility provision processes on child and family experiences of technology and disability. Empowering children and families as co-researchers is important to move the field of powered mobility technology forward in creating innovative, accessible and socially welcoming devices and processes. It is important to capture the similarities and differences in child and family perceptions and experiences within different models of powered mobility provision, such as traditional powered wheelchair prescription and crowdsourced ride-on toy car modification. Powered mobility provision processes and the perceptions and experiences of children and families move beyond business or medical transactions and may help shape disability identity and pride. A disability studies framework may be useful in analyzing the complexities of technology provision and the nuanced interplay between bodies and technology.
Discovering antibiotics from the global microbiome

Metagenomic sequencing, bioinformatic analysis and heterologous expression of an orphan biosynthetic gene cluster widely found in the environment led to the discovery and structural characterization of a novel group of calcium-dependent antibiotics hidden in plain sight.
Comparison of rayleigh-scatter and sodium resonance lidar temperatures

We present an unprecedented comparison of temperature measurements from the Rayleigh-scatter (RS) and sodium (Na) lidar techniques. The extension of the RS technique into the lower thermosphere that has been achieved by the group at Utah State University (USU), enables simultaneous, common-volume measurements by the two lidar systems hosted in the Atmospheric Lidar Observatory at USU. The two lidars’ nightly averaged temperatures from 80-105 km, based on 19 nights of observations, are explored.
Outflow Tract Obstruction, Congenital

Congenital outflow tract obstruction inhibits the flow of normal menstruation, allows for the collection of blood in the vagina and uterus, and may increase the likelihood of retrograde menstruation. The true incidence is unknown, although it is estimated to be between 0.1 and 3.8%. These conditions may be encountered in a patient during infancy or when a young woman presents with amenorrhea or other menstrual disturbances. These conditions may result in the development of pain, pelvic masses, or secondary endometriosis.
Gastric cycle nucleotide concentration in health and disease. Response to secretagogues and role of circulating gastrin and intragastric acid secretion.

Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP concentrations were measured in suction biopsy specimens of gastric fundic and antral mucosa and in gastric juice in response to maximum stimulation by histamine (0.015 mg per kg per hr), betazole (1.5 mg per kg), and pentagastrin (6 μg per kg) in 14 normogastrinemic healthy subjects, in 46 patients with dyspepsia or peptic ulcer (PU) disease and normal serum gastrin levels, and in 14 patients with hypergastrinemia, including 8 with pernicious anemia (PA), 3 with Zollinger-Ellison (ZE) disease, and 3 with gastric carcinoma. No regional differences were noted in unstimulated gastric antral or fundic cyclic nucleotide content in normal subjects or patients. During secretagogue stimulation no significant changes in cyclic nucleotide concentrations were observed in antral or fundic mucosa of healthy subjects or patients. During basal hourly secretion, cyclic nucleotide concentration and output in gastric juice was relatively constant, suggesting a steady state of secretion. After secretagogue stimulation, the concentrations of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP were reduced by at least 50% and correlated with the increased parietal volume output, suggesting a dilutional effect. There was no significant change in gastric juice cyclic nucleotide output except in PU subjects after betazole stimulation, in whom cyclic AMP production increased almost 2-fold. This change in gastric juice cyclic AMP appeared proportional to a greater parietal volume flow and did not reflect intracellular mucosal events. Similarly, a decreased concentration of cyclic AMP in the basal and stimulated gastric juice of ZE patients and a reduced cyclic AMP output in PA patients also appeared proportional to volume flow. The presence of cyclic AMP in unstimulated gastric juice in PA suggested, in part, a nonparietal origin for cyclic AMP, probably derived from interstitial fluid secretion or transmucosal exudation from plasma. It is concluded that intra- or extracellular gastric cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP concentrations are not modulated by secretagogue stimulation, circulating high gastrin levels, alteration in intraluminal pH, or increasing age. These studies fail to implicate cyclic nucleotides as intracellular mediators of stimulated gastric acid secretion in healthy subjects, PU disease PA, ZE disease or gastric carcinoma.
Random Waypoint Mobility

The stochastic properties of the random waypoint mobility model that has been used widely in analysis and simulation of mobile ad hoc networks are described. The limitations of the RWP and mitigations of those limitations are explained. Many variations of the RWP model are described. We have derived the analytical model of the RWP with arbitrary waypoints and have proved that the random waypoint at the boundary is a special case of this.
High field 3T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (3T MRSI) vs. F-18 FDG PET in the assessment of brain tumor recurrence

960 Objectives: Chemotherapy and stereotactic radiation for treatment of brain tumor recurrence benefit from accurate assessment of tumor grade and viability. Single voxel spectral analysis hamper correlation between PET and MR. We compared 3D MRSI color coded Choline(Ch) maps with PET in 7 patients who previously had therapy and presented with symptoms of tumor recurrence. Methods: MRSI was performed on the GE MAGNETOM Trio to provide 3D maps of Ch over Creatine(Cr) at 3T. Fusion maps provided correlation of Ch change to MR. Patients also underwent F-18 FDG PET. Intensity of FDG uptake was rated 0 (no uptake), 1(low = WM), 2 (moderate), 3 (high=GM), 4 (intense > GM). MRSI signal intensity was presented on a rainbow color scale where blue-green was normal background Ch/Cr, to bright red if Ch/Cr was greatly elevated, and co-registered with FDG PET. Images were rated by 2 observers for abnormal FDG uptake and Ch/Cr ratios. Results were compared with surgical pathology. Results: Two patients(pts) with high grade tumor recurrence showed grade 3 or 4 FDG uptake but only 1 had high Ch/Cr. In 3 pts with low grade viable tumors, FDG uptake was grade 0 or 1 but Ch/Cr was greatly elevated in 2. Two pts with necrosis had FDG uptake grade 0, but Ch/Cr was elevated in 1. Conclusions: 3D co-registered MRSI maps provide complementary information to FDG PET for assessment of tumor recurrence. In low grade tumors, MRSI was more convincingly abnormal in regions of low FDG PET uptake.
What is an author like Borges? Relation between "The Library of Babel" and the theory of Michel Foucault.

Foucault talks about the relation of attribution, where Borges can be attributed everything related with things that he said or written. In this essay I define the actions in the name of an author like Borges, related to the category of the proper name. His name is more than a gesture, is part of his connexion between words and things. As Foucault says, Borges is the author of a novel and he is responsible for more than his own text. Borges use connections, different types of discourse and the author's position in a discursive field. The author's name may be relevant in certain circumstances and I would like to define that kind of circumstances in Borges .
OO Programming Principle: A Game In-Text GuessInt

This chapter starts learning Java with games. Some simple games deal with Strings only. We call them as games in-text. We selected one of such game as our starting point. The game is called GuessInt that is a two persons’ verbal guessing game. One person thinks of an integer between 1 and 100. The other person guesses what the integer would be. From the story of the game to a pseudo code and finally to an implementation, the entire process demonstrates the object-oriented programming principle, discusses several important Java control statements, and touches the try-catch block for exception handling.
Unifying Pathophysiological Explanations for Sports-Related Concussion and Concussion Protocol Management: Literature Review.

Objective:There is a plethora of theories about the pathophysiology behind a sport-related concussion. In this review of the literature, the authors evaluated studies on the pathophysiology of spor...
Distributed Processing for Encoding and Decoding of Binary LDPC codes using MPI

Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes are linear error correcting codes used in communication systems for Forward Error Correction (FEC). But, intensive computation is required for encoding and decoding of LDPC codes, making it difficult for practical usage in general purpose software based signal processing systems. In order to accelerate the encoding and decoding of LDPC codes, distributed processing over multiple multi-core CPUs using Message Passing Interface (MPI) is performed. Implementation is done using Stream Processing and Batch Processing mechanisms and the execution time for both implementations is compared w.r.t variation in number of CPUs and number of cores per CPU. Performance evaluation of distributed processing is shown by variation in execution time w.r.t. increase in number of processors (CPU cores).
Discovering Programmer Intention Behind Written Source Code

The goal of this work is to leverage natural lan-guage processing techniques to assist in the classification andunderstanding of a programmer's intention from inspectingsource code. Our model utilizes well-known machine learningtechniques. We find that we can accurately classify C sourcecode into different classes, distinguishing between benign andmalicious source code with a high degree of accuracy.
Optimization-Driven Scenario Grouping

Scenario decomposition algorithms for stochastic programs compute bounds by dualizing all nonanticipativity constraints and solving individual scenario problems independently. We develop an approac...
Characterization of Induced Susceptibility Effects of Soybean Aphid on Soybean

Soybean aphid (SBA) is one of the major pests of soybean (Glycine max) in the United States of America. The main objective of this research was to characterize interactions between two different biotypes of soybean aphids in susceptible and resistant soybean cultivars. Demographic and transcriptomic responses of susceptible and resistant (Rag1) soybean cultivars to aphid feeding were investigated in soybean plants colonized by aphids (biotype 1) in the presence or absence of inducer population (biotype 2) at day 1 and day 11. Leaves tissues collected at day 1 and day 11 post infestation were used for RNA sequencing, and ten RNA datasets with 266,535,654 sequence reads were analyzed. In the presence of inducer population, we found 746 and 243 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in susceptible and resistant cultivars, respectively at day 1, whereas 981 and 377 DEGs were found in susceptible and resistant cultivars, respectively at day 11. Enrichment analysis showed a response to chitin, lignin catabolic and metabolic process, asparagine metabolic process, response to chemical unique to treatment with no inducer population, whereas, response to reactive oxygen species, photosynthesis, regulation of endopeptidase activity unique to treatment with inducer population. Furthermore, 14 DEGs were observed in Rag QTLs regions, particularly six DEGs in Rag1 containing QTL. The identified DEGs in the experiment in both resistant and susceptible cultivars during the interaction of soybean and SBA are potential candidates for furthering investigation into induced susceptibility.
Flipped Classes: An Opportunity for Low-Stakes Group Problem Solving

We share a flipped class approach to university calculus-based general physics that shows increased learning and high student satisfaction compared to traditional lecture classes.
S-Band Low Earth Orbit Reconfigurable Small Satellite System for Space Environment Sensing

The applications of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have rapidly increased in industry sectors in recent years. In combination with the ever-increasing number of new constellations of communications satellites in Low-Earth Orbit (LEO), the innovative technology presents promising qualities for space industry applications, particularly for radio frequency (RF) systems. This paper presents a S-band telemetry and data backup system for space radiation experiments for LEO to analyze the effects of long-term exposure of materials to the harsh space environment. The design presented in this paper is based on Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components, presenting approximately an average and peak power consumption of 0.8 W, and 1 W, respectively, while transmitting the peak configurable RF output power of 20 dBm. Including an AM radiation shielding, the system can be accommodated in 76 mm × 76 mm × 46 mm. Its modular design makes this system fully configurable, allowing a wide variety of applications. In this work, all the on-board measurements are backed up on an on-board memory card with error correction capabilities, as well as downlinked, enabling the possibility to monitor the total absorbed radiation during the experiment, as well as the communications link impact of the degradation of the on-board RF materials and circuit components. The system can be commanded while in orbit to reconfigure on-board sensor measurements and transceiver parameters.