cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Telemetry Bed Usage for Patients with Low-risk Chest Pain: Review of the Literature for the Clinician

Abstract Background Telemetry monitoring in patients with low-risk chest pain is highly utilized, despite the lack of quality data to support its use. Study Objectives To review the medical literature on the utility of telemetry monitoring in patients with low-risk chest pain and to offer evidence-based recommendations to emergency physicians. Methods A PubMed literature search was performed and limited to human studies written in English language articles with keywords of “telemetry” and “chest pain.” Studies identified then underwent a structured review from which results could be evaluated. Results There were 114 paper abstracts on telemetry monitoring screened; 30 articles were considered relevant. Twelve appropriate articles were rigorously reviewed and recommendations given. Conclusions Insufficient data exist to support telemetry use in low-risk chest pain patients. Telemetry monitoring is unlikely to benefit low-risk chest pain patients with a normal/nondiagnostic electrocardiogram, a normal first set of cardiac enzymes, and none of the following: hypotension, rales above the bases, or pain worse than baseline angina.
Comparative genomics of transport proteins in developmental bacteria: Myxococcus xanthus and Streptomyces coelicolor

Two of the largest fully sequenced prokaryotic genomes are those of the actinobacterium, Streptomyces coelicolor (Sco), and the δ-proteobacterium, Myxococcus xanthus (Mxa), both differentiating, sporulating, antibiotic producing, soil microbes. Although the genomes of Sco and Mxa are the same size (~9 Mbp), Sco has 10% more genes that are on average 10% smaller than those in Mxa. Surprisingly, Sco has 93% more identifiable transport proteins than Mxa. This is because Sco has amplified several specific types of its transport protein genes, while Mxa has done so to a much lesser extent. Amplification is substrate- and family-specific. For example, Sco but not Mxa has amplified its voltage-gated ion channels but not its aquaporins and mechano-sensitive channels. Sco but not Mxa has also amplified drug efflux pumps of the DHA2 Family of the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) (49 versus 6), amino acid transporters of the APC Family (17 versus 2), ABC-type sugar transport proteins (85 versus 6), and organic anion transporters of several families. Sco has not amplified most other types of transporters. Mxa has selectively amplified one family of macrolid exporters relative to Sco (16 versus 1), consistent with the observation that Mxa makes more macrolids than does Sco. Except for electron transport carriers, there is a poor correlation between the types of transporters found in these two organisms, suggesting that their solutions to differentiative and metabolic needs evolved independently. A number of unexpected and surprising observations are presented, and predictions are made regarding the physiological functions of recognizable transporters as well as the existence of yet to be discovered transport systems in these two important model organisms and their relatives. The results provide insight into the evolutionary processes by which two dissimilar prokaryotes evolved complexity, particularly through selective chromosomal gene amplification.
Fermi-Thomas Model with Correlations

The Fermi-Thomas-Dirac equation is modified to include correlations between electrons. An application is made to the equation of state. No numerical work with the modified equation is reported.
The claim for limiting marine research: Compliance with international environmental standards

Abstract The concept of the “common heritage of mankind”; necessarily requires that there must be environmental protection of that common heritage, and indeed, of all ocean areas. A sine qua non of protecting and conserving the ocean is freedom of marine research. The history of the negotiations at the Third U.N. Conference on the Law of the Sea indicates that there were compromises which accommodated the concerns of both the developed and the developing countries. Unfortunately, a “consent regime”; monitored by coastal states was eventually incorporated into the Convention on the Law of the Sea. Even so, it is important to build a record of support for maximizing the freedom of marine scientific research.
Propionic acidemia: Analysis of mutant propionyl‐CoA carboxylase enzymes expressed in Escherichia coli

Deficiency of propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) results in propionic acidemia, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by ketoacidosis sufficiently severe to cause neonatal death. PCC is involved in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, odd-chain fatty acids, and cholesterol. The enzyme is a biotin-dependent mitochondrial protein composed of two heterologous subunits arranged into an 800-kDa α6 β6 dodecameric structure. Approximately 60 mutations have been reported in the nuclear genes PCCA and PCCB that encode the two PCC subunits. The vast majority of these mutations have not been examined at the protein level. We present an initial characterization of 13 mutations located in exons 1, 3–7, and 12–14 of PCCB. After expression in E. coli, these recombinant mutant enzymes were analyzed for stability, biotinylation, α–β subunit interaction, and activity. Our results show a functional dichotomy in these PCCB mutations with some mutants (R44P, S106R, G131R, G198D, V205D, I408del, and M442T) capable of varying degrees of assembly but forming catalytically inactive PCC proteins. Other PCCB mutants (R165W, E168K, D178H, P228L, and R410W) that are PCC deficient in patient-derived fibroblasts, were found to be capable of expressing wild-type level PCC activity when assembled in our chaperone-assisted E. coli expression system. This result indicates that these mutations exert their pathogenic effect due to an inability to assemble correctly in patients’ cells. This initial screen has identified a range of mutant PCC proteins that are sufficiently stable to be purified and subsequently used for structure–function analysis to further elucidate the complex relationship between genotype and phenotype in propionic acidemia. Hum Mutat 19:629–640, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
XAL Application Programming Structure

XAL is an application programming framework used at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) project in Oak Ridge. It is written in Java, and provides users with a hierarchal view of the accelerator. Features include database configuration of the accelerator structure, an online envelope model that is configurable from design or live machine values, an application framework for quickstart GUI development, a scripting interface for algorithm development, and a common toolkit for shared resources. To date, about 25 applications have been written, many of which are used extensively in the SNS beam commissioning activities. The XAL framework and example applications will be discussed.
The Role of Nursing Education in Preparing Students for Rural Practice

This paper discusses research on the role of nursing education in preparing students for rural practice. The purpose of the research was to learn how education programs respond to unique features of rural nursing. Results from a two-phase nationwide survey of 275 baccalaureate nursing programs are presented. The first phase identified programs offering a rural track, the second phase was a follow-up survey to the deans and faculty of rural-oriented programs. These findings indicate educators recognize that rural nursing differs from urban nursing because of cultural and demographic features, as well as technical and economic characteristics. Most educators believe their role should include developing student interest in rural practice. Recommendations from the findings are presented.
Linear Systems with Output Constraints: The Theory and Application of Maximal Output Admissible Sets

An initial state of an unforced linear system is output admissible with respect to a constraint set Y if the resulting output function satisfies the pointwise-in-time condition Y(t) ? Y,t ± 0. The set of all such initial states is the maximal output admissible set, O ? . The properties of O ? and its characterization are investigated. In the discrete-time case it is generally possible to represent O ? , or a close approximation of it, by a finite number of functional inequalities. Practical algorithms for generating the functions are described. O ? has important applications in the analysis and design of closed loop systems with state and control constraints. An example is given. The discrete-time results are used to obtain an alternative implementation of the error governor control scheme proposed by Kapasouris, Athans and Stein [6]. It works as well as their implementation, but reduces the computational load on the controller. by several orders of magnitude.
The microfossil record of early land plants: advances in understanding of early terrestrialization, 1970-1984

The plant spore record indicates two major phases of adaptive radiation of land plants before the Devonian; these can be interpreted to correspond to different reproductive, vegetative, and ecophysiological strategies of these early terrestrial plants. The first major adaptive radiation by plants onto land occurred in the mid Ordovician. These early plants are represented by abundant obligate spore tetrads; this assemblage persists from the mid Ordovician to about the mid-late Early Silurian. The fossil spore records indicate that these primary producers were widespread by the end of the Ordovician and the beginning of the Silurian. The close similarity of the fossil tetrads with obligate spore tetrads produced by some hepatics and mosses suggests a non-vascular vegetative grade of organization for plants of this interval. The second major adaptive radiation begins with the replacement of the monotonous spore tetrad assemblage by single trilete spores in the mid-late Early Silurian. These trilete spores find morphological counterpart with spores produced by vascular cryptogams; they suggest a vegetative grade of organization at the vascular level for plants of this interval. The initially smooth-walled trilete spores of this radiation are followed by diverse assemblages of trilete spores with variously ornamented spore coat patterns and varied laesurae morphologies by the mid-Late Silurian. The interval from the mid Ordovician to the mid-late Early Silurian is hypothesized on the basis of the abundant and widespread spore records to be one of rapid colonization by founder populations with limited genetic diversity and with life-history strategies that included an ecophysiological tolerance to desiccation and a short vegetative life cycle. The interval from the mid-late Early Silurian to the Pridoli largely coincides with the appearance of vascular plant megafossils. It is hypothesized on the basis of the spore assemblages to be one of major establishment of large populations of genetically diverse plants exploiting a broad spectrum of ecological sites that have escaped representation in the meagre megafossil record.
SYMPTOM SEVERITY AND LIFETIME AND PROSPECTIVE HEALTH SERVICE USE AMONG MILITARY VETERANS EVALUATED FOR PTSD

We used structural equation modeling with 174 treatment-seeking military trauma survivors evaluated for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at a VA Medical Center PTSD clinic to examine relationships among lifetime mental health service use, PTSD symptom severity and medical problems (from selfreport), as well as prospective (1-year) mental health and medical care use visit counts extracted from medical records. We discovered an adequate statistical fit to a hypothesized model of previous and prospective health service use, and current PTSD severity and health-related problems. Previous inpatient mental health treatment was significantly related to PTSD severity and prospective outpatient mental health use. However, PTSD severity was unrelated to prospective use of mental health or medical services. Health problems were related to prospective medical service use. Clinical and administrative implications in predicting health care use among trauma survivors are discussed. Depression and Anxiety 24:178–184, 2007. & 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Sex-Specific Parental Behaviors and Attitudes as Predictors of Alcohol Use and Alcohol-Related Consequences Among Ninth Grade Students

This study examined maternal and paternal influences on adolescent alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences in a sample of ninth grade students (N = 205). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated maternal monitoring and maternal disapproval of teen drinking were significant predictors of teen alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences for males and females. Examination of interaction effects revealed sex differences between paternal variables and teen drinking behavior. Specifically, maternal monitoring was associated with female alcohol use, whereas paternal monitoring was associated with male alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences. In addition, father–daughter general communication was associated with alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences. Implications for sex-specific parent-based counseling interventions are discussed.
On Karcher’s Twisted Saddle Towers

Progress is usually judged by its achievements, and this also applies to mathematics. Therefore, the simplicity of a new idea is frequently well hidden under technical ballast which is necessary to press new results out of the idea.
Giucagon in Prevention and Abolition of Ouabain-Induced Ventricular Tachycardia in Normokalemic and Hypokalemic Dogs

A recent study suggested that glucagon has antiarrhythmic properties in addition to its positive inotropic effect. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of glucagon in preventing and converting ouabain-induced ventricular tachycardia (VT) in normokalemic and hypokalemic dogs. Paired studies were made in ten normokalemic dogs and in eight dogs rendered hypokalemic by diet and hydrochlorothiazide. All dogs were pretreated with glucagon, and the amount of ouabain required to produce VT was measured. Each dog served as its own control in a second study in which normal saline was substituted for glucagon. When VT was produced during the control study, the response to a bolus injection of glucagon was evaluated. (1) Pretreatment with glucagon delayed the appearance of VT in hypokalemic dogs but not in normokalemic dogs. (2) Glucagon, by bolus injection, converted VT to sinus rhythm in 78% of the normokalemic dogs and in 100% of the hypokalemic dogs. (3) The mechanisms by which glucagon exerts its antiarrhythmic effect are not clearly defined.
The J-machine network

The structure and implementation of J-Machine network, a 3-D mesh using wormhole routing and virtual channels to provide two network priorities, is described. Each network channel is 9-b wide and operates at 32 MHz. Each J-Machine node contains network routers that guide messages between the six bidirectional channels incident on each node, and a network interface that handles messages originating or terminating at the node. The router is fully synchronous, uses absolute addressing, and performs dimension-order routing. A novel pad design permits the bidirectional channels to reverse direction each cycle without danger of conduction overlap. The J-machine network provides low latency communication fabric for up to 64 k Message Driven Processor nodes. >
An analysis of the in-plane acceleration sensitivity of contoured quartz resonators rigidly supported along the edges

The in-plane acceleration sensitivity of contoured AT- and SC-cut quartz crystal resonators with the same support configuration is performed. The extensional biasing deformation field is determined by means of the variational approximation procedure using the variational principle in which all conditions appear as natural conditions. The resulting extensional biasing state is used in the existing perturbation equation along with the mode shapes of the contoured resonators to calculate the in-plane acceleration sensitivities. Results are presented as a function of the planar aspect ratio and orientation of the rectangle. >
Influence of Prolapsed Mitral Leaflets on Aortic Blood Velocity

chocardiographicl and left ventriculographic2 data have clearly established that the auscultatory syndrome comprised of midsystolic click and late systolic murmur is based on mitral valve prolapse. During the past decade attention has been directed toward the influence of mitral valve prolapse on the external carotid pulse tracing and left ventricular apexcardi~gram.~-~ We report here aortic
A Satire: The Phenomenology of the Confirmed Thinker, or “Catch-22 in a T-Group”

In this article the author presents a satirical study that attempts to display the irony of experiential learning groups. The author notes that these groups place great value on feelings, self-esteem and empathy and therefore can create pain and reduce the self-esteem of certain individuals through a lack of empathy. He bases his paper on pervious research that had examined the effects that learning groups on the psyche of various individuals, focusing on the difficulties that are encountered by individuals who favor thinking over feeling.
PRC skewness determines synchronization properties of pulse coupled circuits with delay

Long range synchrony occurs by locking to a common input or via reciprocal coupling [1]. It is an open question as to how stable synchronization properties of neural circuits are sustained over long distances. We analyze two reciprocally coupled oscillatory neurons with conduction delays. We use Phase Resetting Curves (PRCs) generated under the assumption of pulsatile coupling to predict what phase-locked solutions will be exhibited in the neuronal circuit with delays. We test our predictions in circuits of two model neurons as well as in hybrid circuits constructed with two entorhinal cortex stellate cells (or two pyramidal cells) coupled via the dynamic clamp. Both Type I and Type II PRCs exhibit a peak advance in response to an excitation. If this peak is skew left by our convention (see Fig. ​Fig.1A),1A), then synchrony and anti-phase emerge as generic solutions for identical neurons, and persist approximately for nonidentical neurons. However, experimentally, a leader/follower solution was observed instead, in which one of the time lags between the firing of the two neurons is approximately equal to the delay. The peak of the advances in the biological neurons was skew right. The parameters of the model were adjusted to produce a right skew and a leader/follower solution emerged (see Fig ​Fig1C).1C). The leader follower mode becomes generic as the PRC at late phases approached the causal limit in which an input immediately evokes a spike, with a continuum of solutions observed in between (Fig ​(Fig1B).1B). We theoretically derive conditions on the existence and stability of the leader/follower solution. Future work will focus on obtaining these conditions in terms of the skewness of the PRC. Figure 1 Right skewed PRC gives rise to leader-follower locking mode. A1, A2). Time lags indicate the time from spiking of one neuron to that of the other neuron and vice-versa. Only anti-phase and synchronous modes were observed with original Wang-Buzsaki (WB) ...
Motivational Media and Academic Success

Motivating students to do well in courses that fail to interest them can be challenging. The current study was designed to assess the potential impact of priming motivational media on academic performance. Students in six sections of introductory psychology courses (n = 128) completed a quiz after watching a 4 minute inspirational video (experimental group, n = 63), or without watching the video (control group, n = 65). The video selected showed scenes of individuals pushing their limits in all aspects of life and a commentary of a motivational commencement speech by Arnold Schwarzenegger given to college graduates. After completing the quiz participants were given a survey with questions pertaining to their motivation, positive and negative emotions, demographics, and their reactions to the video. Students who were primed by the video reported greater academic motivation and planned to study more for the next quiz than students who did not watch the video. Females reported lower GPA and lower positive emotions in the experimental condition. While there was not an overall effect of the video on quiz scores, male students who watched the video performed 10% better on the quiz than males in the control condition. Implications of these findings suggest that motivational information may be beneficial in inspiring academic performance in certain circumstances.
African American college students excelling in the sciences: College and postcollege outcomes in the Meyerhoff Scholars Program

This paper describes and assesses the effectiveness of the Meyerhoff Scholars Program at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC). The Program is designed to increase the number of underrepresented minorities who pursue graduate and professional degrees in science and engineering. Until 1996 the program admitted African American students exclusively, and the current study focuses only on students from that group. The Meyerhoff students have achieved higher grade point averages, graduated in science and engineering at higher rates, and gained admittance to graduate schools at higher rates than multiple current and historical comparison samples. Student survey and interview data revealed that a number of program components were viewed as being especially important contributors to students' academic success: Program Community, Study Groups, Summer Bridge Program, Financial Support, Program Staff, and Research Internships and Mentors.fl 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 37: 629 - 654, 2000 In a world increasingly driven by technology, living the American Dream requires more advanced education than ever. Literacy and skills in science and technology are becoming increasingly important; in fact, our economy's future appears tied, at least in part, to the strength of a technology-based workforce. More than three decades ago, the United States Government made a commitment to help African Americans achieve educational parity with the White majority. Although the commitment remains intact, the goal remains unattained (National Task Force on Minority High Achievement, 1999). In 1986, only 1.1% of American citizens receiving doctorates in science, engineering, and mathematics (SEM) were African Americans, even though African Americans represent 12% of the United States population. In 1992, the percentage receiving SEM doctorates was 1.2%, and by 1995 it had increased to only 2.0% (NSF, 1996a, 1996b), despite the fact that proportionately higher numbers of African Americans aspire initially to science graduate degrees than do Caucasians (Elliott, Strenta, Adair, Matier, & Scott, 1995).
Measurement of calcium dissociation rates from troponin C in rigor skeletal myofibrils.

Ca2+ dissociation from the regulatory domain of troponin C may influence the rate of striated muscle relaxation. However, Ca2+ dissociation from troponin C has not been measured within the geometric and stoichiometric constraints of the muscle fiber. Here we report the rates of Ca2+ dissociation from the N-terminal regulatory and C-terminal structural domains of fluorescent troponin C constructs reconstituted into rabbit rigor psoas myofibrils using stopped-flow technology. Chicken skeletal troponin C fluorescently labeled at Cys 101, troponin C-IAEDANS, reported Ca2+ dissociation exclusively from the structural domain of troponin C at ~ 0.37, 0.06 and 0.07/s in isolation, in the presence of troponin I and in myofibrils at 15oC, respectively. Ca2+ dissociation from the regulatory domain was observed utilizing fluorescently labeled troponin C containing the T54C and C101S mutations. Troponin reported Ca2+ dissociation exclusively from the regulatory domain of troponin C at >1000, 8.8 and 15/s in isolation, in the presence of troponin I and in myofibrils at 15oC, respectively. Interestingly, troponin reported a biphasic fluorescence change upon Ca2+ dissociation from the N and C-terminal domains of troponin C with rates that were similar to those reported by troponin and troponin C-IAEDANS at all levels of the troponin C systems. Furthermore, the rate of Ca2+ dissociation from troponin C in the myofibrils was similar to the rate of Ca2+ dissociation measured from the troponin C-troponin I complexes. Since the rate of Ca2+ dissociation from the regulatory domain of TnC in myofibrils is similar to the rate of skeletal muscle relaxation, Ca2+ dissociation from troponin C may influence relaxation.
Micro-hardware implementation of a pattern recognition algorithm on a neuron-based multiprocessor system in a real-time environment

The authors present an experimental study on a system which implements a pattern recognition algorithm (W.C. Lin, K.S. Fu, 1965, 1966) with a set of artificial neuron elements emulated on a multi-microprocessor hardware system. The algorithm is believed to be good for parallel processing utilizing the concept of information content, or entropy. The system used for the implementation study consists of four commercially available iSBC 286/12 single board microcomputers. They are configured to operate in parallel within the environment of the real-time operating system iRMX286. Thus, it is a multi-microprocessor and multitasking real-time processing hardware system. It is shown that the system with four microprocessors is 3.8 times faster than a single processor in operation speed with a recognition rate of 95%. Since the algorithm is a regionalism process in the feature space, the number of regions, and thus the number of microprocessors operating in parallel, can be increased to satisfy specific real-time requirements. >
Seasonal Variation in Volatile Compound Profiles of Preen Gland Secretions of the Dark-eyed Junco ( Junco hyemalis )

Quantitative stir bar sorptive extraction methodology, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and element-specific atomic emission detection (AED) were utilized to analyze seasonal changes in volatile components of preen oil secretions in Junco hyemalis. Juncos were held in long days to simulate breeding conditions, or short days to simulate nonbreeding conditions. Linear alcohols (C10–C18) were the major volatile compounds found in preen oil, and in both sexes their levels were higher when birds were housed on long as opposed to short days. Methylketones were found at lower levels, but were enhanced in both sexes during long days. Levels of 2-tridecanone, 2-tetradecanone, and 2-pentadecanone were also greater on long days, but only in males. Among carboxylic acids (C12, C14, and C16), linear but not branched acids showed some differences between the breeding and nonbreeding conditions, although the individual variation for acidic compounds was large. Qualitatively, more sulfur-containing compounds were found in males than females during the breeding season. Functionally, the large increase in linear alcohols in male and female preen oil during the breeding season may be an indication of altered lipid biosynthesis, which might signal reproductive readiness. Linear alcohols might also facilitate junco odor blending with plant volatiles in the habitat to distract mammalian predators. Some of the volatile compounds from preen oil, including linear alcohols, were also found on the wing feather surface, along with additional compounds that could have been of either metabolic or environmental origin.
Exploring the Safety and Therapeutic Effects of Deep Pressure Stimulation Using a Weighted Blanket

This paper presents the results of a concurrent, nested, mixed methods exploratory study on the safety and effectiveness of the use of a 30 lb weighted blanket with a convenience sample of 32 adult...
A software fault tree approach to requirements analysis of an intrusion detection system

The use of software fault trees for requirements identification and analysis in an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is described.
Sperm quality and ascorbic acid concentration in rainbow trout semen are affected by dietary vitamin C: an across-season study.

High concentrations of ascorbic acid occur in scurvy-prone, teleost fish seminal plasma. We quantified seasonal relationships between 1) dietary level of vitamin C and level of seminal plasma ascorbic acid, and 2) seminal plasma ascorbic acid concentration and sperm quality, in rainbow trout (Oncorhyncbus mykiss). We maintained six groups of 2-yr-old rainbow trout on diets supplemented with 0, 30, 110, 220, 440, and 870 ppm ascorbyl monophosphate beginning in May 1992. Sperm were produced during the end of October 1992 through April 1993; we collected milt 13 times from 3-8 fish per treatment. We quantified ascorbic acid concentration in seminal plasma, and sperm concentration, motility, and weight. Seminal plasma ascorbic acid concentrations were affected directly by the ascorbyl monophosphate level in the diet. Seminal plasma ascorbic acid concentrations also were affected by season. Ascorbic acid deficiency did not influence semen quality (sperm concentration and motility) at the beginning of the spawning season. However, sperm concentration and motility in a group fed an ascorbic acid-free diet declined during the period of study. Ascorbic acid deficiency reduced both sperm concentration and motility, and thus fertility, of rainbow trout. These results indicate that vitamin C is important for male fish reproduction; the dietary requirement for seminal plasma ascorbic acid saturation exceeds that for optimum growth.
Influence of optimization constraints in uneven parallel bar dismount swing simulations

Forward dynamics simulations of a dismount preparation swing on the uneven parallel bars were optimized to investigate the sensitivity of dismount revolution potential to the maximum bar force before slipping, and to low-bar avoidance. All optimization constraints were classified as 1-anatomical/physiological; limiting maximum hand force on the high bar before slipping, joint ranges of motion and maximum torques, muscle activation/deactivation timing and 2-geometric; avoiding low-bar contact, and requiring minimum landing distance. The gymnast model included torso/head, arm and two leg segments connected by a planar rotating, compliant shoulder and frictionless ball-and-socket hip joints. Maximum shoulder and hip torques were measured as functions of joint angle and angular velocity. Motions were driven by scaling maximum torques by a joint torque activation function of time which approximated the average activation of all muscles crossing the joint causing extension/flexion, or adduction/abduction. Ten joint torque activation values, and bar release times were optimized to maximize dismount revolutions using the downhill simplex method. Low-bar avoidance and maximum bar-force constraints are necessary because they reduce dismount revolution potential. Compared with the no low-bar performance, optimally avoiding the low bar by piking and straddling (abducting) the hips reduces dismount revolutions by 1.8%. Using previously reported experimentally measured peak uneven bar-force values of 3.6 and 4.0 body weight (BW) as optimization constraints, 1.40 and 1.55 revolutions with the body extended and arms overhead were possible, respectively. The bar-force constraint is not active if larger than 6.9 BW, and instead performances are limited only by maximum shoulder and hip torques. Bar forces accelerate the mass center (CM) when performing muscular work to flex/extend the joints, and increase gymnast mechanical energy. Therefore, the bar-force constraint inherently limits performance by limiting the ability to do work and reducing system energy at bar release.
Viable opto-electronic HPC interconnect fabrics

We address the problem of how to exploit optics for ultrascale High Performance Computing interconnect fabrics. We show that for high port counts these fabrics require multistage topologies regardless of whether electronic or optical switch components are used. Also, per stage electronic buffers remain indispensable for maintaining throughput, lossless-ness and packet sequence. Although the notion of true all-optical packet switching is not yet viable, we show that appropriate use of optical switching technology offers power and scaling advantages that can be leveraged economically, and propose a hybrid opto-electronic HPC interconnect fabric architecture that combines the strength of electronics in processing and storing information with the strength of optics in switching and transporting high bandwidths. Using Semiconductor Optical Amplifier technology, we are building a prototype demonstrator switch that we believe solves all the technical challenges. Having reached this threshold now enables commercialization of this technology, which we are currently pursuing.
Enhancing the Pathologist’s Role at Hospital Tumor Boards

Recommendations are proposed to enhance the role of the pathologist in the hospital-based tumor conference (tumor board). The modifications focus on two components integral to the conference: the presentation of salient pathologic features of each tumor selected for discussion within the time constraints allotted, and the pathologist's role as a principal institutional educator with respect to neoplastic processes. Opportunities to utilize conference presentations as a resource in other educational settings are also considered.
Operation of the high brightness LINAC for the Advanced Free-Electron Laser Initiative at Los Alamos

Free-electron lasers and high-energy physics accelerators have increased the demand for very high-brightness beam sources. This paper describes the design of an accelerator which has produce beams of 2.1 /spl pi/ mm-mrad at 1 nC and emittances of 3.7 and 6.5 /spl pi/ mm-mrad for 2 and 3 nC, respectively. The accelerator has been operated between 10 and 18 MeV. The beam emittance growth in the accelerator is minimized by using a photoinjector electron source integrated into the design of the linac, a focusing solenoid to correct the emittance growth caused by space charge, and a special design of the coupling slots between accelerator cavities to minimize quadrupole effects. >
Survival Outcomes Improved in Contemporary Cohort of Patients With Pelvic or Abdominal Recurrence After Treatment for Stage I/II Endometrial Carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES Pelvic and abdominal recurrences in stage I/II endometrial carcinoma are associated with poor outcomes, yet prognostic factors for survival after recurrence are not well described. Herein, we identify patients with pelvic or abdominal recurrence after surgery for stage I/II endometrial carcinoma and describe symptoms at presentation, prognostic factors, and salvage treatment toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective cohort of 20 consecutively treated patients with recurrence after treatment for stage I/II endometrial carcinoma followed by our Institution's Radiation Oncology Department from 1998 to 2015. RESULTS The median time to pelvic or abdominal recurrence was 18.1 months (range, 4.2 to 59.6 mo), with 50% of recurrences at extranodal locations. Two-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 44% and 2-year overall survival (OS) was 82%. Salvage treatments varied widely, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) (7), surgery and RT (3), and surgery, chemotherapy, and RT (3). On univariate analysis of PFS, symptoms at recurrence (P=0.04) and extranodal recurrences (P<0.01) were found to be statistically significant negative prognosticators for PFS. On univariate analysis of OS, increasing age at recurrence and presence of symptoms were found to have a trend toward statistically significant association with negative OS outcomes (P=0.08 and P=0.10, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that long-term survival for pelvic or abdominal recurrences is possible with curative salvage therapy. The presence of symptoms is a negative prognostic factor in treatment outcome, and imaging may be effective for diagnosis in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Larger studies need to be performed to confirm these findings.
The Effects of Coil Insert Length on Mixing Enhancement of A Round Jet

Results of experimental investigations of the effects of distortion caused by coil inserts on a turbulent jet from a round tube are presented. The coils had constant pitch spacing and wire diameter, but different axial lengths. The ratio of the pitch spacing to the tube inside, p/D, was 1.2 and the ratio of the coils wire diameter to the tube inside diameter, d/D, was 0.06. The ratios of the coil length to the tube inside diameter, L/D, were 22.5, 11.26, 5.64, and 2.82. The experiments were carried out at six axial locations of X/D = 0.1, 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 and various radial locations. Results show that the coil inserts enhance the mixing process between the jet and the surrounding air. For X/D > 5, the highest mixing is obtained with the coil with L/D = 2.82. It is conjectured that the enhanced mixing is due to generation of the stream wise vortices by the coil insert.
The Influence of Civilization on the Insect Fauna of Forests

Man is a peculiar animal and most inconsistent. He thinks that he is fundamentally superior and sets himself apart from other animals, then he proceeds to respond to stimuli just as the others do. Regardless of his supposedly superior mental equipment, he acts as the need of the moment dictates, with almost no thought of consequences. As an individual he plans for the future welfare of himself and family, but so do the beaver, the carpenter ant, and the mudwasp. He has learned that it is to his advantage to band together with others of his kind for companionship, mutual protection, or aggression, but so have the sheep, the bison, the ant, and the hornet. He ruthlessly destroys that which he will need in order to satisfy his immediate whim, and thoughtlessly wastes that which he never can replace. So do other animals when the opportunity offers. He compliments himself upon his superior mental prowess, and still as a group he has never been able to order himself in a really intelligent manner. Occasionally some individual or small grotip of individuals have whipped the rest into line and forced them to act in a logical way, but such efforts have been relatively short lived.
The Randomized Registry Trial — The Next Disruptive Technology in Clinical Research?

The registry-based randomized trial may make less expensive, more efficient clinical studies possible. But before the new study design can be widely used, questions about the quality of the underlying data sets must be addressed.
The Signaling Power of Consent: An Analysis of Belligerent Cooperation and Peacekeeping Missions in Civil Conflict

Why do peacekeeping missions succeed or fail? Prior work has focused primarily on the behavior of the organization supplying the mission, the mandate and resources devoted to the mission and the characteristics of the conflict into which the mission is being sent. Missing from these analyses is an analysis of how the belligerents help shape the peacekeeping mission that ultimately arrives in country and what those efforts mean for the mission's outcome. Peacekeeping missions almost always go to a conflict with at least one party's consent. Thus scholars have worked from the assumption that consent is a signal of long-term peaceful intentions, rarely considering the strategic behavior belligerents exhibit in their interactions with peacekeeping institutions. This paper demonstrates that the mixed record of peacekeeping is evidence that presence or absence of consent is not a powerful enough indicator of intentions to settle. Next, the paper offers an alternative source of information about belligerents’ commitment to peace. Drawing from formal theories of war termination, I hypothesize that the nature of the belligerents’ peacekeeping “offer” is more informative than the presence or absence of consent. Starting from the perspective that consent serves as a mechanism for bargaining leverage, I argue that what belligerents try to negotiate with respect to the peacekeeping mission may serve as a clue to their true interest in committing to lasting peace. I expect belligerents who try to negotiate weaker peacekeeping to be more likely to violate ceasefires and/or attack missions, with important consequences for the effectiveness of the mission. I demonstrate these dynamics with empirical tests on new data that capture the terms of consent for peacekeeping missions sent to civil wars. The data include UN missions, regional organization missions and peacekeeping operations conducted by single states. Preliminary results suggest that missions operating under limitations set by the belligerents are more likely to experience renewed violence. Further tests also suggest that the predictive value of any signal is strongest for predicting behavior in the short term following a mission, while longer-term measures of mission success are subsumed by other factors. I discuss the ramifications of these results for the overall effectiveness of peacekeeping missions.
Cardiac Structure and Function in Children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Treated with Zidovudine

Abstract Background. Abnormalities of cardiac structure and function are common in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is unclear, however, whether these abnormalities are attributable to the disease itself, associated infections, or possible cardiotoxic effects of the most commonly used treatment, zidovudine. Methods. We performed echocardiography in 24 children with symptomatic HIV infection immediately before they started zidovudine therapy and a mean of 1.32 years after therapy began. Sixteen of these children were also studied a mean of 1.26 years before starting zidovudine treatment. Comparison groups included 27 age-matched children with symptomatic HIV infection who had not received zidovudine and 191 normal children. Results. As compared with the normal children, the children treated with zidovudine had progressive left ventricular dilatation and an increase in ventricular-wall stress at end-systole (a measure of ventricular afterload); dilatation and stress were sig...
DP-Internal Modal Particles : A Case Study of German JA

In this paper, I investigate the DP‐internal occurrence of the German modal particle ja. I first demonstrate what kind of attributive configurations seem to prefer the presence of the particle ja inside the DP domain. In this context, I focus on the occurrence of particles within simple‐adjective configurations and examine the roles of restrictive and so‐called extreme content. I demonstrate that the DP‐internal occurrence of modal particles cannot be analyzed analogous to the occurrence of modal particles in other attributive constructions such as certain types of relative clauses. Given this demonstration, I sketch a fine‐grained syntactic representation of DP‐internal particles, and I point out parallels to the functional makeup of CPs
Paper as Passion: Niklas Luhmann and His Card Index

This chapter contains sections titled: Prologue, The Scholar Machine, Partnership Agreement, The Secret of the System
Revisiting the Gender Gap in Political Knowledge

Gender-based differences in political knowledge are pervasive in the United States and abroad. Previous research on the source of these differences has focused on resource differentials or instrumentation, with scholars arguing either that the gender gap is real and intractable, or that it is an artifact of the way the concept is measured. Our study differs from past work by showing that (1) male–female differences in political knowledge persist even when knowledge is measured with recommended practices, but that (2) knowledge gaps can be ameliorated. Across laboratory, survey, and natural experiments, we document how exposure to information diminishes gender-based differences in political knowledge. The provision of facts reduces—and often eliminates—the gender gap in political knowledge on questions covering a range of topics.
A meta-analysis of correlations between depression and first person singular pronoun use.

Abstract Depression is a burden. We discuss how theories, identification, assessment, and treatment of depression are at least partially tied to the correlation between first person singular pronoun use and individual differences in depression. We conducted a meta-analysis (k = 21, N = 3758) of these correlations, including numerous unpublished correlations from the file drawer. Our fixed effects analysis revealed a small correlation (r = 0.13, 95% CI = [0.10–0.16]) by modern standards. The correlation was not moderated by gender, nor by whether the effect had been published. These results more firmly establish first person singular pronoun use as a linguistic marker of depression—a marker that appears to be useful across demographic lines.
Quantitative Brightness Analysis of Protein Oligomerization in the Nuclear Envelope

Brightness analysis of fluorescence fluctuation experiments has been used to successfully measure the oligomeric state of proteins at the plasma membrane, in the nucleoplasm, and in the cytoplasm of living cells. Here we extend brightness analysis to the nuclear envelope (NE), a double membrane barrier separating the cytoplasm from the nucleoplasm. Results obtained by applying conventional brightness analysis to fluorescently tagged proteins within the NE exhibited an unusual concentration dependence. Similarly, the autocorrelation function of the fluorescence fluctuations exhibited unexpected changes with protein concentration. These observations motivated the application of mean-segmented Q analysis, which identified the existence of a fluctuation process distinct from molecular diffusion in the NE. We propose that small changes in the separation of the inner and outer nuclear membrane are responsible for the additional fluctuation process, as suggested by results obtained for luminal and nuclear membrane-associated EGFP-tagged proteins. Finally, we applied these insights to study the oligomerization of the luminal domains of two nuclear membrane proteins, nesprin-2 and SUN2, which interact transluminally to form a nuclear envelope-spanning linker molecular bridge known as the linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex.
Critical Adult Education Theory: Traditions and Influence

The notion of what constitutes critical adult education theory and practice is strongly contested, partly because the word ‘critical’ is open to so many interpretations. In this chapter, I begin by reviewing two major traditions of critical analysis that have framed much adult educational theorising. The first of these is Marxism and the attempt of the Frankfurt school of critical social theory to modernise Marx’s ideas for in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The second is the critical pedagogy tradition that draws especially strongly on the work of Paulo Freire I then examine the way that specific critically inclined streams of theorising such as transformative learning, feminist theory, queer theory, Africentrism and critical race theory have influenced theorising in adult education. The key to all these theoretical efforts is a desire for a theory to assist in the dismantling of structures of power by critiquing the ideologies that keep these structures in place.
Somatic Mutations in Overgrowth Syndromes

Human overgrowth syndromes are varied in their presentation and severity among patients. The etiology of these syndromes has long been associated with genetic phenomena associated with increased paternal or maternal age. Next generation genomic methods have expedited discovery of non-heritable mutations that cause overgrowth syndromes. Many of these somatic, tissue-specific mutations activate cancer-associated cell signaling pathways, leading to aberrant cell growth. Interestingly, although the different disorders have widely varied presentations—heretofore considered distinct syndromes—the genetic etiologies converge on similar mechanisms, which raises questions as to the proper classification and nomenclature of the different diagnoses. This chapter reviews multiple overgrowth syndromes and provides an in-depth explanation of the genetic mechanisms causing their varied presentations.