cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonadjustable exchange-correlation model for electron scattering from closed-shell atoms and molecules

A nonadjustable-model potential is proposed for electron scattering that includes both electron exchange and correlation effects in a hybridization of local electron-gas theory and the long-range polarization. The model potential energy function consists of the sum of the energy-dependent electron-gas exchange potential (Hara version) and the energy-independent electron-gas correlation potential smoothly joined onto the long-range polarization interaction. Illustrative calculations of elastic scattering phase shifts and cross sections are described for the rare-gas atoms, where reasonable agreement with accurate calculations suggests usefulness of the model for more complex systems.
Survival and growth of bivalve larvae under heavy-metal stress

In a study of the toxicity of mercury, silver, copper, nickel, and zinc to larvae of the American oyster Crassostrea virginica and hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria, the concentrations at which 5% (LC5), 50% (LC50), and 95% (LC95) of the larvae died were determined, as well as growth at the LC5 and LC50 values. The order of toxicity for oyster larvae was Hg>Ag>Cu>Ni, and for clam larvae Hg>Cu>Ag>Zn>Ni. Growth of larvae of both species, with the exception of clam larvae in nickel-treated water, was not reduced at the LC5 values, but was markedly reduced at the LC50 values.
The Syntax of Deuteronomy 13:2-3 and the Conventions of Ancient Near Eastern Prophecy

As is the case with many ancient Near Eastern texts, biblical texts oftentimes betray a complex compositional history. In the case of Deuteronomy 13:2-3, philologically-driven analyses have concluded that the grammatical awkwardness of these verses results from an interpolation. This article attempts to test such analyses through recourse to historical evidence of ancient Near Eastern religious practice. It argues that positing an interpolation in these verses is unnecessary philologically. Moreover, the hypothetical Urtext that results when the purported interpolation is removed defies the conventions of both biblical and non-biblical ancient Near Eastern prophetic practice.
Patterns of cell and fiber distribution in the neocortex of the reeler mutant mouse

In the neocortex of the reeler mutant mouse, there is inversion in the normal relative positions of polymorphic and pyramidal cells and of large with respect to medium-sized and small pyramidal cells. Granule cells are concentrated at a near-normal mid-cortical level in the mutant. As in the normal animal, and despite cell malposition in reeler, the principal tangential fiber system lies in the zone of polymorphic cells. Large fiber fascicles, known from experimental studies to be principally thalamo-cortical afferents, enter the tangential fiber system in the polymorphic cell zone of both reeler and normal neocortex. In the mutant these fascicles must traverse the full width of the cortex to reach this fiber system in its superficial location. In both normal and mutant animals single fibers, again principally thalamo-cortical afferents, pass from the principal tangertial fiber system to ramify in a fiber feltwork in the zone of granule cells. In the mutant these descend whereas in the normal animal they ascend. Also, as in the normal mouse, single fibers pass radially between all levels of the mutant cortex and the central white matter. Regional variations in the character, the pattern of distribution and the relative prominence of homologous cell and fiber elements are closely parallel in reeler and normal. This suggests that cell differentiation and the tangenital organization of reeler neocortex are normal despite cell malposition in the mutant.
Creep in Interlaminar Shear of a Nextel™720/aluminosilicate Composite at 1100°C in Air and in Steam

Creep in interlaminar shear of an oxide–oxide ceramic composite was evaluated at 1100°C in air and in steam. Composite consists of a porous aluminosilicate matrix reinforced with mullite/alumina (Nextel™720) fibers, has no interface between fibers and matrix, and relies on the porous matrix for flaw tolerance. The interlaminar shear strength was 7.6 MPa. Creep behavior was examined for shear stresses of 2–6 MPa. Creep run-out of 100 h was not achieved. Larger creep strains and higher creep strain rates were produced in steam. However, steam had a beneficial effect on creep lifetimes. Composite microstructure, damage, and failure mechanisms were investigated.
Introduction: Operationalizing Global Governance

In past symposia sponsored by the Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, participants have worked to identify various developments grouped under the rubric of globalization, examining the increasing interconnectedness across borders in technology, politics, culture, and markets of all kinds. They have analyzed the ways in which these forces have disrupted traditional boundaries between domestic and international and spurred the involvement of a range of actors on the global stage, from supranational institutions to corporations to non-governmental organizations. Through a focus on discrete topics, including administrative law, labor, intellectual property, and even baseball, this work has helped scholars theorize the shift from government to governance. The Journal’s founders, however, in setting out its long range goals, turned their attention not only to the theoretical but also to the immediate. In the introduction to the Journal’s first issue, Fred Aman spoke of the need to develop new international and global institutions, and, at the same time, to focus on the specific domestic legal reforms required to respond to global developments in economic and political life. The goal of this conference, the fourteenth annual symposium of the Journal, is to apply what we have learned about global governance to that project. How does governance really work on the ground as we seek to solve global problems? Conference participants sought to conceptualize global governance not as a theory but as a pat-
Preseptal cellulitis and orbital wall destruction secondary to nasal cocaine abuse

Purpose To report preseptal cellulitis and orbital bone destruction as ocular manifestations of nasal cocaine abuse. Method Case report. We examined a 40-year-old male nasal cocaine abuser with diabetes mellitus and with signs of preseptal cellulitis. Computed tomographic imaging of the cranium was performed, and a nasal cavity biopsy specimen was obtained. Results Computed tomographic findings showed extensive cartilaginous and bony destruction involving the nasal septum and medial wall of the left orbit, and the nasal biopsy specimen disclosed inflammatory exudate with neutrophils. Conclusions Nasal cocaine abuse induces mucoperichondrial ischemia and may be associated with cartilaginous and bony destruction as well as preseptal cellulitis.
A reconfigurable antenna using tuning element for LTE applications

This article is intended to suggest a mobile-embedded antenna with tunable capacitance and the validity of the proposed solution was proved through design, fabrication, and measurement. The aforementioned antenna is applicable to long term evolution (LTE), including band 5, band 8, band 13, and band 17 that are in use today. The 4G mobile services' antennas need to ensure the extension of bandwidth in order to include LTE bands as well as other different services. Low-band characteristics, however, are difficult to achieve mainly because of lack of space for antennas in terminals. The problem may be solved by using a SP4T switch of RFMD, which is to generate the operation frequency of low-band tunable. The optimized parameters were able to fabrication and measure antennas. Hence, antennas come to meet with operation frequency and performance for low bands; also, the performance of the fabricated antenna that has been measured with the optimized parameters has been compared and analyze. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:556–559, 2015
The Mondragon co‐operative complex: an application of Kantian ethics to social economics

Remarks that Immanuel Kant’s categorical imperative, admonishing us not to treat others as mere means, can be seen to pave the way for an ethics of worker ownership, where the staff decides and assumes the role of residual claimant. Could large corporations convert worker ownership and still prosper and grow? It is in trying to answer this type of question that scholars all over the world have been interested in the development of what is generally regarded as the world’s most famous and most successful worker co‐operative: the Mondragon Co‐operative Complex. After reviewing some of the major reorganizations at Mondragon, summarizes the co‐operative’s economic performance up to 1995. Assesses the prospects of maintaining economic democracy while competing with large transnational corporations which have access to low‐cost labour in the Third World.
Exploiting osmosis for blood cell sorting.

Blood is a valuable tissue containing cellular populations rich in information regarding the immediate immune and inflammatory status of the body. Blood leukocytes or white blood cells (WBCs) provide an ideal sample to monitor systemic changes and understand molecular signaling mechanisms in disease processes. Blood samples need to be processed to deplete contaminating erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs) and sorted into different WBC sub-populations prior to analysis. This is typically accomplished using immuno-affinity protocols which result in undesirable activation. An alternative is size based sorting which by itself is unsuitable for WBCs sorting due to size overlap between different sub-populations. To overcome this limitation, we investigated the possibility of using controlled osmotic exposure to deplete and/or create a differential size increase between WBC populations. Using a new microfluidic cell docking platform, the response of RBCs and WBCs to deionized (DI) water was evaluated. Time lapse microscopy confirms depletion of RBCs within 15 s and creation of > 3 μm size difference between lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes. A flow through microfluidic device was also used to expose different WBCs to DI water for 30, 60 and 90 s to quantify cell loss and activation. Results confirm preservation of ∼ 100% of monocytes, granulocytes and loss of ∼ 30% of lymphocytes (mostly CD3+/CD4+) with minimal activation. These results indicate feasibility of this approach for monocyte, granulocyte and lymphocyte (sub-populations) isolation based on size.
Improved Utilization of Pond Carrying Capacity by Increasing Initial Stocking Rates and Subsequent Stock Division1

Fingerling channel catfish Ictaturus punctarus were stocked into eight 0.04-ha ponds at 12,500 fishlha (treatment 1) and 50,000 fish/ha (treatment 2) with four ponds per treatment. At the end of of phase I (59 d) 50% of the fish were removed from each of the ponds in treatment 2 and divided equally into two ponds, forming treatment 3 (eight ponds at a density of 12,500 fish/ha). The remaining fish in treatment 2 (25,000 fish/ha) were maintained in the original ponds until the end of phase II (36 d). At this time, the fish were removed and equally divided at a density of 12,500 fish/ha into separate ponds. These ponds were continued to be denoted as treatment 2. All fish were grown for a total of 188 d. Production characteristics between treatments were compared at phases and at the end of the 188 d. There was no significant difference in feed conversion ratios due to treatment. The individual weights of the fish were higher in treatment I, but the difference occurred only in phase I. Size variabilities in treatments 2 and 3 were also higher than in treatment 1, which may cause a decrease in the percentage of marketable fish. Although there were some adverse effects due to the initial high stocking densities, overall pond production was higher in treatments 2 and 3. Treatment 2 had a daily net production of 49.9 ± 3.43 kg/ha and treatment 3 had 44.6 ± 3.81 kg/ha per d, compared to treatment 1 with only 32.4 ± 1.06 kg/ha per d (mean ± SD).
Design Conditions for the Orientation and Attitude of a Robot Tool Carried by a 3-R Spherical Wrist

Caracteristiques d'attitude et d'orientation d'un outil de robot monte sur un poignet spherique a trois articulations de rotation
LIGA tunable spectral filter performance

Using LIGA techniques, a transmissive diffraction grating device in permalloy with variable, and controllable, grating period has been designed and fabricated for use as a tunable infrared spectral filer. Typical device parameters exhibit parameters exhibit periods approximately 8-30 microns, permalloy grating lines approximately 3 microns wide by 10- 50 microns high. In Ell polarization, the device acts as low pass spectral filter with cutoff wavelength determined by the variable grating period. Recent developments in fabrication of the gratin structure and actuator are reviewed briefly. Emphasis is given to results of recent performance modeling both for thinner and shorter grating walls suitable for shorter wavelength applications and to demonstrate the effects of an incident spherical wave.
Low Temperature Growth Mechanisms for Rheed Oscillations

Low temperature (T<150 K) RHEED oscillations during the growth of ultra thin films suggest the presence of substantial adatom mobility. In most systems thermal diffusion can not account for the observed oscillations, and the origin of the oscillations is an open question. Experiments on Ag/Si(111) at 150 K demonstrate the absence of thermal diffusion due to the observed scaling in the RHEED intensity for different flux rates. We have performed molecular dynamics simulations to understand the mechanisms of RHEED oscillations at low temperature. Classical two- and three-body Si potentials were used together with an adatom mass that is 3.84 times the Si mass to account for the Ag/Si mass ratio. Results indicate that the landing site for the adatom is very important to predict whether a particular adatom will display lateral motion or not A fraction of the adatoms incident near a maximum of the potential energy surface display significant lateral motion. The substrate stiffness for Ag/Si results in an energy transfer process which is much slower than that in fcc/fcc systems.
How a Cerebral Hemorrhage Altered My Art

“How a Cerebral Hemorrhage Altered My Art” examines how a massive stroke affected my art practice. The paralysis that ensued forced me to switch hands and become a left-handed painter. It was postulated by several neuroscientists that the “interpreter” in my brain was severely damaged during my CVA. This has had a profoundly liberating effect on my work. Whereas my pre-stroke period had the tendency to be over-intellectualized and forced, my post-stroke art is less self-conscious, more urgent and expressive. The primary subject matter of both periods is the brain. In my practice as an artist, my stroke is a challenge and an opportunity rather than a loss.
Comment on reactive hyperplasia of bone.

Abstract Some lesions similar to those reported by Jacobsson and associates in the foregoing article are described.
Human Phenol Sulfotransferase STP2 Gene: Molecular Cloning, Structural Characterization, and Chromosomal Localization

Sulfonation is an important pathway in the biotransformation of many drugs, xenobiotics, neurotransmitters, and steroid hormones. The thermostable (TS) form of phenol sulfotransferase (PST) preferentially catalyzes the sulfonation of {open_quotes}simple{close_quotes} planar phenols, and levels of activity of TS PST in human tissues are controlled by inheritance. Two different human liver TS PST cDNAs have been cloned that encode proteins with amino acid sequences that are 96% identical. We have determined the structure and chromosomal localization of the gene for one of these two cDNAs, STP2, as a step toward understanding molecular genetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of this enzyme activity in humans. STP2 spans approximately 5.1 kb and contains nine exons that range in length from 74 to 347 bp. The locations of most STP2 exon-intron splice junctions are identical to those of a gene for the thermolabile form of PST in humans, STM; a rat PST gene; a human estrogen ST (EST) gene, STE; and a guinea pig EST gene. The two initial STP2 exons, IA and IB, were identified by performing 5{prime}-rapid amplification of cDNA ends with human liver cDNA as template. Exons IA and IB are noncoding and represent two different human liver TS PST cDNAmore » 5{prime}untranslated region sequences. The two apparent 5{prime}-ons IA and IB, contain no canonical TATA boxes, but do contain CCAAT elements. STP2 was localized to human chromosome 16 by performing the PCR with DNA from NIGMS human/rodent somatic cell hybrids as template. Structural characterization of STP2 will make it possible to begin to study molecular genetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of TS PST activity in human tissues. 63 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.« less
Hydrogen bonded liquid crystalline heterodimers incorporating alkoxystilbazoles and alkoxy-4-pyridones

The preparation and characterisation of a series of hydrogen bonded liquid crystalline dimers containing benzoic acid, alkanoic acid and phenol donors and alkoxy-stilbazole or alkoxy-4-pyridone hydrogen bond acceptors are reported. These heterodimers possess strong intermolecular donor–acceptor hydrogen bonding. The heterodimers, as well some of the individual components used in their preparation, possess liquid crystalline phases.
The location of chronotropic cardioinhibitory vagal motoneurons in the medulla of the rabbit

Vagal preganglionic motoneurons originating in nucleus ambiguus (NA) and dorsal vagal nucleus (DVN) were identified via retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). DVN and NA were then explored for cardiovascular responsive sites using microstimulation. Stimulation within DVN from slightly caudal to obex to 3.00 mm rostral to obex produced a primary bradycardia (n = 15, X = -123 bpm). Stimulation within NA from slightly rostral to obex to 1.5 mm caudal to obex produced a similar primary bradycardia (n = 15, X = -127 bpm). Extracellular recordings were made from 7 cells in DVN and 10 cells in NA in regions producing maximal bradycardia to electrical stimulation. These cells were antidromically activated by cervical vagus nerve (VN) stimulation, increased their firing rates to systemic injection of phenylephrine (PE), revealed an expiratory rhythm, showed an increase in firing rate coinciding with spontaneous and elicited decreases in heart rate, had conduction velocities in the A-delta and B-fiber range, and produced bradycardia upon stimulation through the recording electrode with thresholds as low as 4 microA. The data indicate that in rabbits, chronotropic cardioinhibitory vagal motoneurons are discretely localized on the lateral, caudal portions of DVN and NA between 0.5 mm caudal and 1.5 mm rostral to obex.
Loss of Connectedness During an Elementary Teacher Training Program1

AbstractIn this study, the impact of gestalt awareness training was evaluated as a component in a one-year preservice teacher training program. An unanticipated finding emerged when both experimental and control groups displayed a statistically significant decrease in "connectedness" (a general attitude of trust and positive affiliation with others). This major finding from the psychological scale (19) was subjected to a detailed statistical analysis, and was supplemented by intensive clinical interviews. Major alternative statistical and substantive hypoth eses were explored utilizing the expanded data base, and possible implications for teacher training programs were considered.
Large-Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Three-Dimensional Ductile Failure

We have performed massively parallel 3D molecular dynamics simulations with up to 35 million atoms to investigate ductile failure, obtaining mechanistic information at the atomistic level inaccessible to experiment. We observe dislocation loops emitted from the crack front{emdash}the first time this has been seen in computer simulations. The sequence of dislocation emission events, essential for establishing an intrinsic ductility criterion, strongly depends on the crystallographic orientation of the crack front and differs strikingly from anything previously conjectured. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Environmental Degradation of the Interface in Graphite/Epoxy Single Filament Composites Measured using Raman Spectroscopy: Effect of Hydrothermal and Thermal Exposure at 100°C

Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor the interfacial behavior in graphite/epoxy single filament composites. The effect of thermal and hydrothermal exposure at 100°C on the interfacial properties was also monitored. Hydrothermal exposure caused a 50% reduction in the ability of the interface to withstand shear stresses. It was found that the degradation is due to failure of the interfacial bonds, and that the interfacial bonds fail due to radial tensile stresses created at the interface resulting from matrix swelling upon water absorption.
Mechanical behavior of powder metallurgy steel—Experimental investigation and artificial neural network-based prediction model

Mechanical properties of high-density powder metallurgy (PM) steels have been evaluated using standard tests, and a theoretical model using the artificial neural network (ANN) has been developed. Various heat treatments were carried out to study their influence on mechanical properties, viz. endurance limit (EL), yield strength (YS), and hardness, and also on the carbon content in PM steel. The material containing 0.47% C that was quenched and tempered at 503 K (QT 503 K) showed the optimum combination of yield strength/ultimate tensile strength (YS/UTS) and EL. The ANN-based model showed excellent agreement with experimental results. Prediction models based on the ANN are demonstrated for YS as well as for the EL as a function of heat treatment (ranging from QT 400 K to QT 900 K) and percent carbon (%C) (between 0.1 and 0.5). This would help the materials engineer suitably design the heat-treatment schedule to obtain the desired/best combination of fatigue and strength properties.
Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Education through Simulation (PAGES): Development and Evaluation of a Simulation Curriculum

Abstract Study Objective Develop a Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology (PAG) curriculum, appropriate pelvic model for teaching examination skills, and an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) for evaluation. Compare OSCE performance between residents with clinical training in PAG vs those that completed the curriculum vs those without either experience. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ob/Gyn) residency program in an urban academic center. Participants Senior Ob/Gyn residents. Interventions A simulation-based teaching curriculum was created to teach PAG skills. A pediatric mannequin with anatomic pre-pubertal genitalia was developed for teaching and assessment of skills. Main Outcome Measures Performance on a PAG-based OSCE as assessed by 2 observers using a 40 point checklist. Results 17 residents participated in the OSCE; 5 completed the curriculum, 6 completed a clinical rotation, and 6 were controls. The teaching curriculum group had the highest median composite OSCE score (75.0%) compared to the clinical group (73.1%) and control group (55.3%). There was no statistical difference between the scores of the teaching and clinical groups, but the teaching group scored statistically higher than controls ( P = .0331). Scores for each OSCE component were compared. The teaching and clinical groups outperformed controls on assessment and procedures. There was no difference in scores on history taking or physical examination. Conclusion An interactive teaching curriculum incorporating simulation and a realistic pediatric pelvic model can be used to teach PAG clinical skills. Using an OSCE to evaluate skills shows that residents completing the curriculum perform as well as those with clinical experience and better than controls.
Modeling Mechanical Behavior of Materials Processed by Accumulative Roll Bonding

Nanostructured materials are a relatively new class of materials that exhibit high strength and toughness, thus improving performance and capabilities of products, with potential applications to automotive, aerospace and defense industries. Among the severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods currently used for achieving nanoscale structure of a material, accumulative roll bonding (ARB) is the most favorable method to produce grain refinement for continuous production of metallic sheets at a bulk scale. ARB is a deformation technique where metallic sheets are repeatedly prepared, stacked and rolled together, usually to a reduction of 50% in thickness.The main objective of this paper is to create a model that relates the process parameters and number of ARB cycles to the mechanical properties of the resultant material. The model established in this study can be a useful tool in designing the process and establishing the number of cycles needed in order to achieve the desired properties. Accumulative roll bonding experiments of various materials are analyzed and the resultant materials strength, at the corresponding ARB cycles, is modeled with good agreement.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Neuroelectric and behavioral indices of interference control during acute cycling

Abstract Objective This study examined the effects of in-task, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on neuroelectric and behavioral indices of interference control, one component of executive control. Methods Forty-one participants completed a V ˙ O 2 max test to determine maximal heart rate (HR). On a separate day, event-related brain potentials and task performance were measured during the counterbalanced conditions of upright cycling at 60% of maximal HR and rest while performing congruent and incongruent trials of a flanker task. Results Exercise resulted in reduced response accuracy for incongruent trials relative to rest; an effect not found for congruent trials. Decreased N1 amplitude was observed during exercise at parietal sites and globally for N2. Exercise also resulted in increased amplitude for the P2 at frontal and central sites, and for the P3 at frontal and lateral sites. Further, longer N2 and P3 latencies were observed during exercise relative to rest. Conclusion These findings suggest that the need to allocate attentional resources toward the large-scale bodily movements inherent in exercise may relate to inefficiency of neural resource allocation, resulting in decreased interference control. Significance These data indicate general and selective exercise-induced decrements in cognitive processing while performing acute aerobic exercise.
Relationship of the Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator and Chronic Resynchronization Therapy: The Perfect Marriage?

Background: The two major modes of death in the patient with a reduced ejection fraction (EF) are death due to heart failure and death due to lethal arrhythmia, essentially the two sides of the same coin. Over the last 20 years, two therapies—cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)—have been developed and tested in clinical trials. They are now, in conjunction with appropriate medical therapy, the mainstays of therapy for these two commonly encountered clinical problems. Method and Results: Both of these therapies were conceived and patented by two Baltimore cardiologists, Michel Mirowski and Morton Mower (Table I). The path to everyday acceptance of both therapies was remarkably similar. The concept and early success of both devices was accomplished but the proof of concept depended on a series of carefully designed randomized clinical trials that showed that both the CRT and ICD devices saved lives in the low EF population, especially when used together. These trials overcame substantial skepticism on behalf of elements of the cardiology and electrophysiology establishment. Table 1. Mirowski/Mower Legacy of Pivotal Therapies ICD CRT ICD = implantable cardioverter defibrillator; MADIT = Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial; COMPANION = Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing and Defibrillation in Heart Failure; SCD-HeFT = Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial; AVID = Antiarrhythmics versus Implantable Defibrillator; CIDS = Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study. Concept 1970 Mid 1970s Patent 1971 1990 First implant 1981 1991 FDA/CMS approval 1984 2004 Pivotal trials MADIT I & II COMPANION SCD-HeFT CARE-HF AVID CIDS Conclusion: We are now at a crossroads in the further extension of either therapy. The majority of the indications for either device alone or in combination are established. In the next few years, assuming the continued commitment on the part of regulatory agencies to fully embrace evidence-based medicine, we will see indications extended but only by the careful clinical trials that became the bedrock of their initial acceptance.
Porous microcracked ceramics under compression: Micromechanical model of non-linear behavior

Abstract Stress–strain curves for porous microcracked ceramics (such as aluminum titanate) under compression exhibit non-linearity, hysteresis, and a sharp increase in stiffness when changing from loading to unloading. A micromechanical model is developed that expresses these features in terms of porosity and crack density. The mentioned features are linked, in a quantitative way, to closures and frictional sliding of microcracks. The model also allows one to extract information on crack densities from stress–strain curves, which provides insight into the evolution of open, closed and sliding cracks. The model is approximate due to uncertainty factors, but its predictions are generally in agreement with the data and the information conveyed by SEM images.
Effect of vagal stimulation on the sinus venosus of the frog's heart.

THE effect of vagal stimulation or applied acetylcholine on electrically driven heart auricle fibres has been studied with intracellular electrodes by several workers1. The purpose of the present experiments was to gain some information about the events during vagal inhibition in spontaneously active pacemaker fibres.
Ion-implantation damage and annealing effects in (InGa)AsGaAs strained-layer semiconductor systems

Abstract We have examined the response of both strained-layer superlattices (SLSs) and single-strained quantum well (SSQW) structures to ion damage and thermal annealing. Both systems exhibit preferential damage accumulation in the (InGa)As layers as a result of ion bombardment at moderate ion fluences: compositional intermixing is observed in the superlattice layers at significantly greater ion fluences. In the absence of compositional intermixing, implantation-induced defects are found mainly in the ternary alloy layers, even after annealing.
Effect of differentiating agents on nucleolar organizer region activity in human melanoma cells

A human cell line established from a metastatic melanoma had both multiple numerical and structural chromosome aberrations including one to two copies of a submetacentric marker chromosome with an insertion of an active nucleolar organizer region (NOR). Treatment of this cell line with retinoic acid (RA) induced morphologic differentiation and reduced the cellular saturation density concomitant with a significant decrease in Ag-NOR activity. RA-treated cells grown in the absence of this differentiating agent, however, displayed a return to normal Ag-NOR activity, indicating the effect of this chemical on ribosomal genes is reversible.
Bicuspid aortic valves and thoracic aortic aneurysms in patients with intracranial aneurysms

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of bicuspid aortic valves (BAVs) and thoracic ascending aortic aneurysms (TAAs) in a retrospective cohort of patients treated for intracranial aneurysms (IAs). Methods: Patients treated for IA at our institution between 2002 and 2011 were identified and their clinical records reviewed. Those without an echocardiogram of sufficient quality to assess the aortic valve were excluded. The prevalence of BAVs and TAAs in this remaining cohort was determined based on echocardiography reports, medical records, and cross-sectional chest imaging. Results: Of 1,047 patients, 317 had adequate echocardiography for assessment of BAV. Of these, 82 also had cross-sectional chest imaging. Of the 317 patients, 2 had BAV and 15 had TAA. The prevalence of BAVs (0.6%, 95% confidence interval 0.2%–2.2%) was similar to population prevalence estimates for this condition; however, the prevalence of TAAs (4.7%, 95% confidence interval 2.9%–7.6%) was larger than expected in a normal age- and sex-matched population. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate an association between IA and TAA, but not independently for BAV.
Flexure modes in carbon nanotubes

Phonons are calculated for single wall carbon nanotubes. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors are presented for armchair and zig-zag tubes. The model contains just three adjustable spring constants: two for first and second nearest neighbor directed bonds, and a third for radial bond-bending interactions. There are four low frequency modes at long wavelength: a longitudinal acoustical, a torsional mode, and two flexure modes.
A Semiparametric Binary Regression Model Involving Monotonicity Constraints

. We study a binary regression model using the complementary log–log link, where the response variable Δ is the indicator of an event of interest (for example, the incidence of cancer, or the detection of a tumour) and the set of covariates can be partitioned as (X, Z) where Z (real valued) is the primary covariate and X (vector valued) denotes a set of control variables. The conditional probability of the event of interest is assumed to be monotonic in Z, for every fixed X. A finite-dimensional (regression) parameter β describes the effect of X. We show that the baseline conditional probability function (corresponding to X = 0) can be estimated by isotonic regression procedures and develop an asymptotically pivotal likelihood-ratio-based method for constructing (asymptotic) confidence sets for the regression function. We also show how likelihood-ratio-based confidence intervals for the regression parameter can be constructed using the chi-square distribution. An interesting connection to the Cox proportional hazards model under current status censoring emerges. We present simulation results to illustrate the theory and apply our results to a data set involving lung tumour incidence in mice.
Disruption of 3-Phosphoinositide-dependent Kinase 1 (PDK1) Signaling by the Anti-tumorigenic and Anti-proliferative AgentN-α-tosyl-l-phenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone

Abstract The anti-tumorigenic and anti-proliferative effects ofN-α-tosyl-l-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) have been known for more than three decades. Yet little is known about the discrete cellular targets of TPCK controlling these effects. Previous work from our laboratory showed TPCK, like the immunosuppressant rapamycin, to be a potent inhibitor of the 70-kilodalton ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), which mediates events involved in cell growth and proliferation. We show here that rapamycin and TPCK display distinct inhibitory mechanisms on S6K1 as a rapamycin-resistant form of S6K1 was TPCK-sensitive. Additionally, we show that TPCK inhibited the activation of the related kinase and proto-oncogene Akt. Upstream regulators of S6K1 and Akt include phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-K) and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1). Whereas TPCK had no effect on either mitogen-regulated PI 3-K activity or total cellular PDK1 activity, TPCK prevented phosphorylation of the PDK1 regulatory sites in S6K1 and Akt. Furthermore, whereas both PDK1 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) are required for full activation of the 90-kilodalton ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK), TPCK inhibited RSK activation without inhibiting MAPK activation. Consistent with the capacity of RSK and Akt to mediate a cell survival signal, in part through phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic protein BAD, TPCK reduced BAD phosphorylation and led to cell death in interleukin-3-dependent 32D cells. Finally, in agreement with results seen in embryonic stem cells lacking PDK1, protein kinase A activation was not inhibited by TPCK showing TPCK specificity for mitogen-regulated PDK1 signaling. TPCK inhibition of PDK1 signaling thus disables central kinase cascades governing diverse cellular processes including proliferation and survival and provides an explanation for its striking biological effects.
Downward Diffusion Flame Spread and Extinction in Variable Gravitational Fields - Lunar and Martian Simulations

This paper describes experimental observations of downward, opposed-flow flame spreading made under partial-gravity conditions aboard NASA research aircraft. Flame spreading and flammability limit behavior of a thin cellulosic fuel tested at normal pressure in oxygen/nitrogen mixtures of 21 percent oxygen, by volume, and below are described over effective acceleration levels ranging from 0.05 to 0.6 times normal earth gravity. Downward burning flammability and flame spread rates are shown to be enhanced by reductions in gravitational acceleration. These data have fire safety implications for the planning of lunar and Martian outposts.
The Sovereignty of Nature? Environmental Protection in a Postmodern Age

Recent postmodern international relations (IR) scholarship threatens to undermine global environmental protection efforts. Global environmental protection is fundamentally about conserving and preserving nature. It involves safeguarding the quality of the earth's air, water, soil, and other species. Postmodern critics have shown, however, that "nature" is not simply a given, physical object but a social construction-an entity that assumes meaning within various cultural contexts and is fundamentally unknowable outside of human categories of understanding. This criticism raises significant challenges for global environmental politics. How can societies protect the nonhuman world if the very identity of that enterprise is cast into doubt? How can states cooperate to protect nature if the meaning of the term is socially and historically contingent? This article argues that postmodern criticisms of "nature" do not undermine global environmental protection efforts-as many IR scholars suggest-but rather provide their own guidelines for practice. Postmodernists value the so-called "other"; they aim to give voice to the poor, oppressed, and otherwise disadvantaged in an attempt to limit hegemonic tendencies of the powerful. The article calls on postmodernist IR scholars to take their own concerns seriously and stand up for the paradigmatic "other," the nonhuman world in all its abundance and diversity. It calls on postmodern IR scholars to extend their concern for the "other" to the realm of plants, animals, landscapes, and so forth, and work to protect the radical "otherness" of the so-called natural world. The article, in other words, uses postmodern criticism against itself to ground commitment to global environmental protection.
VOICE RECORDING MODULE FOR PACS

ABSTRACT This paper describes the integration of a voice recording module in our existing PACS system at the UCLA Department of Radiology. This module consists of a personnal computer, speech signal digitizer, and a hard disk withappropriate amount of memory storage to handle a given number of reports. The system has the ability to record and storespoken reports in digitized form and play back an existing dictated report. Moreover, the voice module can be activatedlocally from its own keyboard or by receiving appropriate commands from two remote mini-computers which are used asreview and diagnostic display workstations respectively. 1. INTRODUCTION The development of PACS1 modules at the UCLADepartment of Radiological Sciences has proved of greatvalue in reducing the burden of storage, transmission andaccess to patient image files. The present design of PACShas the capacity to acquire, store and transmit soft copy images originating from different imaging systems (including Computed Radiography, Magnetic Resonance,and Ultra Sound). An important part of a complete patientconsultation is the accompanying radiological diagnostic
Moisture Loss Kinetics of Apple During Convective Hot Air and Isothermal Drying

Effective moisture diffusivity of cylindrical apple samples (0.7 and 1.4 cm diameter) was determined under convective hot air drying (40, 50, 60, and 70° C and 1.5 and 3 m/s air velocity). The effective moisture diffusivities obtained were in the range of reported values and were found to be temperature dependent according to the Arrhenius relationship. However, the prediction of moisture loss obtained from Fick's diffusion model failed to follow experimental drying curves. Temperature profiles during convective hot air drying showed temperature gradients. This lack of isothermal conditions may lead to inaccurate predictions of moisture loss. Therefore, a combined microwave-convective hot air apparatus, capable of providing isothermal drying conditions, was used to quantify the drying kinetics. Differences in effective diffusivities determined from convective (9.6–18.5 3 10210 m2/s) and isothermal (20.3–37.6 3 10210 m2/s) drying experiments were shown. Using effective diffusivities obtained under isotherm...
A histochemical study of the esterases of the rat heart

The histochemistry of esterases was studied in the rat heart, using various methods of tissue preparation and a large number of substrates, inhibitors and activators. Non-specific esterase and cholinesterase was demonstrated in the fibers of the atrioventricular conduction system, in atrial and ventricular muscle fibers, in cardiac neurons and in some of the nerve fibers of the heart. The highest concentration of both types of enzymes was found in the conduction system and in the neural elements. Pericytes and macrophages showed only non-specific esterase activity. Two broad types of non-specific esterase activity, cytoplasmic and lysosomal, were distinguished in the pericytes, macrophages and cardiac muscle fibers by the use of selective inhibitors and activators. The cytoplasmic activity is due to the presence of B and C esterases and was better demonstrated with esters of a-naphthol than with naphthol AS derivatives or indigogenic esters. The esterase activity of lysosomes appears to be due to a group of fluoride- and organophosphate-resistant enzymes, some of which are probably cathepsins.
The Perceived Work Ethic of K-12 Teachers by Generational Status: Generation X vs. Baby Boom Generation

This was an investigation of the work ethic of K-12 educators from Generation X and Baby Boomer generations. Teachers of the baby boom generation were born between 1946 and 1964, and many are beginning to retire. There is an impending teacher shortage due to the large numbers of this group retiring or leaving the profession. School administrators and public school human resource specialists are beginning to focus on strategies to replace this experienced workforce. Administrators need to know if this group has different work ethic than later groups of teachers. In this study, Generation X teachers scored higher on the subscales of Easy Going, Dependable, and Committed. While Baby Boomers and Generation X teacher about the same on Dependable, Baby Boomers are more "engaged". Though these differences in the subscales were not significant, The overall MANOVA for the comparison of work ethic as measured by the Occupational Work Ethic Inventory was significant at the p<.05 level. Many older teachers complain about the newer younger generation of teachers and their so-called "lack of a work ethic". Unfortunately, there were not enough data to study teachers from the latest, millennial generation however, this study points to data that indicate there is more to this difference in perception that originally thought that could affect hiring and training of new generations of teachers.
EQUITY ISSUES AND TOBIN'S Q: NEW EVIDENCE REGARDING ALTERNATIVE INFORMATION RELEASE HYPOTHESES

Announcements of seasoned equity offerings are associated with a statistically significant negative market reaction. This finding is consistent with both the cash flow signaling and the free cash flow hypotheses. We test these hypotheses by examining whether revisions in analyst earnings forecasts and abnormal stock returns associated with equity offering announcements are related to the issuing firm's q-ratio. We find an inverse relation between revisions in analysts' earnings forecasts and q-ratios, and no relation between announcement-period abnormal returns and q-ratios. These findings provide direct evidence of the cash flow signaling hypothesis and, at best, indirect evidence of the free cash flow hypothesis.
Rural stratification, rural to urban migration, and urban inequality: Evidence from Iran

Abstract Recent findings on India have pointed to the importance of the rural caste structure to rural-urban migration and the creation of (partially) segmented urban labor markets. By considering cross-sectional evidence from Iran and by viewing differential access to land, instead of castes, as the determinant of the migrants' background, the implication of this view for the impact of migration on urban inequality is examined. It is found that where migrants are from a landless group urban inequality increases and where they are from a landed group it declines, ceteris paribus . Urban inequality is measured by the construction of an urban housing shares index from the census data.
Importance of Molar Ratios in Selenium-Dependent Protection Against Methylmercury Toxicity

The influence of dietary selenium (Se) on mercury (Hg) toxicity was studied in weanling male Long Evans rats. Rats were fed AIN-93G-based low-Se torula yeast diets or diets augmented with sodium selenite to attain adequate- or rich-Se levels (0.1, 1.0 or 15 μmol/kg, respectively) These diets were prepared with no added methylmercury (MeHg) or with moderate- or high-MeHg (0.2, 10 or 60 μmol/kg, respectively). Health and weights were monitored weekly. By the end of the 9-week study, MeHg toxicity had impaired growth of rats fed high-MeHg, low-Se diets by approximately 24% (p<0.05) compared to the controls. Growth of rats fed high-MeHg, adequate-Se diets was impaired by approximately 8% (p<0.05) relative to their control group, but rats fed high-MeHg, rich-Se diets did not show any growth impairment. Low-MeHg exposure did not affect rat growth at any dietary Se level. Concentrations of Hg in hair and blood reflected dietary MeHg exposure, but Hg toxicity was more directly related to the Hg to Se ratios. Results support the hypothesis that Hg-dependent sequestration of Se is a primary mechanism of Hg toxicity. Therefore, Hg to Se molar ratios provide a more reliable and comprehensive criteria for evaluating risks associated with MeHg exposure.