cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Malignancy after Orthotopic Heart Transplant: An Analysis of the UNOS Registry

Purpose For patients with end stage heart failure, orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) remains the definitive management. Advances in immunosuppression have led to improved long-term survival. Malignancy is an important cause of long-term morbidity and mortality with a reported rate of occurrence between 20-40% within 10 years of transplant. To date, significant evidence into mechanisms and risk profiles for post OHT malignancy is lacking. The purpose of this study is to identify patient and donor related factors associated with post OHT malignancy. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 51,218 OHT recipients captured in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry. Included in this analysis were adults 18 years and older who received a heart transplant between 1987 and 2019. The patients were categorized by the presence of post OHT malignancy (“yes”, “no”). Baseline characteristics were compared using chi-squared analysis for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables. Logistic regressions were applied to evaluate the association between post OHT malignancy and the risk factors. Results Within the study period (1987-2019), 13,060 OHT recipients (25.5%) developed a malignancy. Denovo solid tumors comprised 82% of all malignancy types. OHT recipients with malignancy were older (56 vs 50.9 years, p= Conclusion In this study, we reported the prevalence of post OHT malignancy as well as recipient and donor factors associated with post OHT malignancy. Further analysis based on malignancy subtype should be performed to aid in risk stratification and surveillance.
Editors’ Notes: Reflections of the Outgoing Editors

In this last entry as the editors of this journal, we begin by commenting on the eight articles in this issue. We then summarize the themes of the research we have published during our editorial te...
Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis EgtD target both substrate binding sites to limit hercynine production

Ergothioneine (EGT) is a low molecular weight histidine betaine essential in all domains of life but only synthesized by selected few organisms. Synthesis of EGT by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is critical for maintaining bioenergetic homeostasis and protecting the bacterium from alkylating agents, oxidative stress, and anti-tubercular drugs. EgtD, an S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase (AdoMet), catalyzes the trimethylation of L-Histidine to initiate EGT biosynthesis and this reaction has been shown to be essential for EGT production in mycobacteria and for long-term infection of murine macrophages by M. tb. In this work, library screening and structure-guided strategies identified multiple classes of M. tb EgtD inhibitors that bind in various regions of the enzyme active site. X-ray crystal structures of EgtD-inhibitor complexes confirm that L-Histidine analogs bind solely to the L-Histidine binding site while drug-like inhibitors, such as TGX-221, and S-Glycyl-H-1152 span both the L-Histidine and AdoMet binding sites. These enzyme-inhibitor complexes provide detailed structural information of compound scaffolds useful for developing more potent inhibitors that could shorten Tuberculosis treatment regimens by weakening important bacterial defenses.
"May it never end": Price wars, networks, and temporality in the "3 Ts" mining trade of the Eastern DR Congo

In this article, I examine some of the ways in which artisanal mining communities in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo experience digital age capitalism. I show how an extractive economy in tantalum, tin, and tungsten (referred to in NGO circles as the "3 Ts") shapes experiences and understandings of space, time, and value. Making use of oral narratives and other ethnographic data, I focus on the interconnections among time and price, as well as the war over price in an extractive economy characterized by great temporal uncertainty and rupture.
"A small and skillful hand" - Female Masculinity and Gender Dynamics in John Rollin Ridge's Joaquin Murieta

Released in the late 19th century as a dime novel, John Rollin Ridge's Joaquin Murieta is a highly unstable text that simultaneously undermines and upholds societal views of identity categories, including gender. While the text primarily focuses on the simultaneously wildly criminal and honorable chivalrous masculinity of the titular character's bandit group, women appear throughout the margins of the texts in ways that complicate any fixed notion of gendered meanings. By applying a queer theoretical approach, focusing on notions off em ale masculinity, the ways in which the women of Joaquin Murieta destabilize cisnormative and patriarchal notions of how women perform gender can, at least, begin to be rendered intelligible.
Human insulin receptor monoclonal antibody undergoes high affinity binding to human brain capillaries in vitro and rapid transcytosis through the blood-brain barrier in vivo in the primate

Purpose. The ability of monoclonal antibodies against the human insulin receptor to undergo transcytosis through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was examined in the present studies.
Pandiagonal and Knut Vik Sudoku Squares

We present systematic methods of constructing pandiagonal sudoku squares of order k*k and Knut Vik sudoku squares of order k*k not divisible by 2 or 3. Pandiagonal magic squares are constructed from these squares. Examples of all these squares are given.
Anti-Fouling Control of Plug-Flow Crystallization via Heating and Cooling Cycle

Abstract Plug-flow crystallization (PFC) is a promising continuous pharmaceutical crystallization process but is prone to fouling due to uncontrolled crystallization on the reactor surface (encrustation). This results in operational issues such as (1) flow blockage, (2) increased thermal resistance, and (3) reduced supersaturation, and in turn leads to limited continuous operation and reduced crystal quality and yield. In this work, we introduce a model-based anti-fouling control (AFC) via spatial and temporal heating and cooling cycle.
A Comprehensive Metabolomic Investigation in Urine of Mice Exposed to Strontium-90.

Internal emitters such as Strontium-90 (90Sr) pose a substantial health risk during and immediately after a nuclear disaster or detonation of an improvised device. The environmental persistency and potency of 90Sr calls for urgent development of high-throughput tests to establish levels of exposure and to help triage potentially exposed individuals who were in the immediate area of the disaster. In response to these concerns, our team focused on developing a robust metabolomic profile for 90Sr exposure in urine using a mouse model. The sensitivity of modern time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) combined with the separation power of ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was used to determine perturbations in the urinary metabolome of mice exposed to 90Sr. The recently developed statistical suite, MetaboLyzer, was used to explore the mass spectrometry data. The results indicated a significant change in the urinary abundances of metabolites pertaining to butanoate metabolism, vitamin B metabolism...
Linking thermodynamic modelling, Lu–Hf geochronology and trace elements in garnet: new P–T–t paths from the Sevier hinterland

Major element, trace element and Lu-Hf geochronological data from amphibolite facies pelitic schist in the Raft River and Albion Mountains of northwest Utah and southern Idaho indicate that garnet grew during increasing pressure, interpreted to be the result of tectonic burial and crustal thickening during Sevier orogenesis. Garnet growth was interrupted by hiatuses interpreted from discontinuities in major element zonation. Pressure-temperature paths were determined from the pre-hiatus portions of the garnet chemical zoning profiles and indicate an increase of ~2 kbar and ~50 °C in the western Raft River Mountains. Garnet Lu-Hf dates of 150 � 1 Ma in the western Raft River Mountains and 138.7 � 0.7 Ma and 132 � 5 Ma in the southern Albion Mountains indicate the timing of garnet growth. Lutetium garnet zoning profiles indicate that the Lu-Hf ages are biased towards the post- hiatus or outer pre-hiatus segments, indicating that the determined ages likely post-date the recorded P-T path history or date the tail end of the paths. Crustal thickening associated with Sevier orogene- sis in the western Raft River Mountains thus began slightly before 150 � 1 Ma, in the Late Jurassic. This study shows that integrating P-T paths determined from garnet growth zoning with Lu-Hf gar- net geochronology and in situ garnet trace element analyses is an effective approach for interpreting and dating deformation events in orogenic belts.
Depressor and tachypneic responses to chemical stimulation of the ventral respiratory group are reduced by ablation of neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing neurons.

Our goal was to investigate whether the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R)-expressing cells of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) regulate respiration and arterial pressure (AP). We examined the consequences of their ablation on the cardiorespiratory responses [phrenic nerve discharge (PND) and AP] caused by injectingdl-homocysteic acid (DLH) into the ventral respiratory group (VRG). In intact rats, DLH produced tachypnea only when injected into the pre-Botzinger complex (pre-BotC). Injections into pre-BotC and rostral VRG (rVRG) caused hypotension, whereas injections into the Botzinger region elevated AP. Selective unilateral ablation of RVLM NK1R-immunoreactive cells (97% loss within the pre-BotC and rVRG without loss of catecholaminergic neurons) was done by injecting saporin (SAP) conjugated with a selective NK1R agonist [Sar9, Met(O2)11]-substance P (SSP). Free SAP produced no lesion. Resting AP was normal in SAP- and SSP-SAP-treated rats, but the PND rate was slightly elevated in SSP-SAP-treated rats. The response of SAP-treated rats to DLH injection into VRG was normal and identical on each side, but tachypnea could not be elicited in the pre-BotC of SSP-SAP-treated rats on the toxin-injected side, and DLH caused a long-lasting apnea on the untreated side. The hypotension produced by DLH injection into pre-BotC and rVRG of SSP-SAP-treated rats was reduced on the lesioned side only. In conclusion, NK1R-expressing cells of the rostral ventrolateral medulla control both respiratory rhythm and blood pressure. However, there is no evidence yet that these two functions are regulated by the same NK1R-expressing neurons.
Global analysis of ZNF217 chromatin occupancy in the breast cancer cell genome reveals an association with ERalpha

The ZNF217 gene, encoding a C2H2 zinc finger protein, is located at 20q13 and found amplified and overexpressed in greater than 20% of breast tumors. Current studies indicate ZNF217 drives tumorigenesis, yet the regulatory mechanisms of ZNF217 are largely unknown. Because ZNF217 associates with chromatin modifying enzymes, we postulate that ZNF217 functions to regulate specific gene signaling networks. Here, we present a large-scale functional genomic analysis of ZNF217, which provides insights into the regulatory role of ZNF217 in MCF7 breast cancer cells. ChIP-seq analysis reveals that the majority of ZNF217 binding sites are located at distal regulatory regions associated with the chromatin marks H3K27ac and H3K4me1. Analysis of ChIP-seq transcription factor binding sites shows clustering of ZNF217 with FOXA1, GATA3 and ERalpha binding sites, supported by the enrichment of corresponding motifs for the ERalpha-associated cis-regulatory sequences. ERalpha expression highly correlates with ZNF217 in lysates from breast tumors (n = 15), and ERalpha co-precipitates ZNF217 and its binding partner CtBP2 from nuclear extracts. Transcriptome profiling following ZNF217 depletion identifies differentially expressed genes co-bound by ZNF217 and ERalpha; gene ontology suggests a role for ZNF217-ERalpha in expression programs associated with ER+ breast cancer studies found in the Molecular Signature Database. Data-mining of expression data from breast cancer patients correlates ZNF217 with reduced overall survival. Our genome-wide ZNF217 data suggests a functional role for ZNF217 at ERalpha target genes. Future studies will investigate whether ZNF217 expression contributes to aberrant ERalpha regulatory events in ER+ breast cancer and hormone resistance.
Length- and defect-dependent fluorescence efficiencies of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes.

Using near-infrared fluorescence videomicroscopy with spectrally selective excitation and imaging, more than 400 individual (10,2) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been studied in unsorted liquid dispersions. For each nanotube, the spatially integrated emission intensity was measured under controlled excitation conditions while its length was found either from direct imaging or from the diffusion coefficient computed by analyzing its Brownian motion trajectory. The studied nanotubes ranged in length from 170 to 5300 nm. For any length, a wide variation in emission intensities was observed. These variations are attributed to differing densities of nanotube imperfections that cause fluorescence quenching. The brightest nanotubes at each length (presumed near-pristine) show total emission nearly proportional to length. This implies a nearly constant fluorescence quantum yield and a constant absorption cross section per carbon atom, validating conventional Beer–Lambert analysis for finding concent...
The effects of fatherhood on the health of men: a review of the literature

Abstract This article reviews wide-ranging literature with professional and theoretical perspectives. The methods included case studies, qualitative interviews, surveys of selected clinic populations, prospective epidemiological studies, and analyses of nationally representative databases. The review is organized by the stage in the paternal lifecycle: pregnancy, labor and delivery, postpartum period, parenthood, and child custody with the following key findings: Pregnancy: recent research reveals that pregnancy induces detectable physiological changes in male partners. Case studies indicate that some fathers-to-be experience a variety of physical symptoms that mimic their partner's health changes, a phenomenon referred to as couvade. But empirical research does not establish the existence of couvade on a wide-scale basis. Labor and delivery: research reveals that the labor and delivery experience is often a difficult time for the father. Substantial percentages of men felt coerced, ill-prepared, ineffect...
Differentiating Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions Based on Images of Endobronchial Ultrasonography

Purpose To attempt to develop a simple method to discriminate between neoplasm and nonneoplasm peripheral pulmonary lesions based on images of endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS). Methods Between June 2004 and June 2005, 151 patients with bronchoscopic peripheral lesions that could not be detected via a conventional bronchoscope underwent EBUS for advanced localization with a 20-MHz miniature radial probe in a tertiary-referral teaching hospital. The image characteristics were applied subsequently to correlate definite histopathologic results in studied patients. Results Based on an initial 20 consecutive patients with a definite diagnosis, four image characteristics were issued: (1) continuous hyperechoic margin outside the lesion, (2) homogeneous, or heterogeneous internal echoes, (3) hyperechoic dots in the lesion, and (4) concentric circles along the echo probe. In the following 131 patients, excluding five cases due to inconsistent typing, 93 patients (73.8%) established a diagnosis later. Most cases involving the image characteristics of homogenous internal echoes and concentric circles had nonneoplasm lesions (18 of 19 cases, 94.7%, and 14 of 16 cases, 87.5%, respectively). The difference shown in these two respects with neoplasm lesions was significant by univariate analysis (p Conclusion EBUS can provide characteristic information to differentiate the nature of a peripheral pulmonary lesion from the image characteristics of concentric circles.
p75 Neurotrophin receptor immunoreactivity in the aged human hypothalamus

Abstract Low-affinity p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75 NTR ) immunoreactivity in the aged human hypothalamus was examined in autopsied material. Numerous p75 NTR -immunoreactive cells were found in the paraventricular and supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei. The suprachiasmatic nucleus was devoid Of p75 NTR -immunostaining. Many p75 NTR -immunoreactive fibers extended laterally and ventrally from the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei into the pituitary stalk and median eminence. Our results suggest that neurotrophins may be present within the human hypothalamo-hypophyseal system.
A novel research approach to enhance research group‐level science data management

This poster will report an alternative approach compared with large-scale collection, technology development, or discipline informatics projects by exploring the enhancement of science data management at the research group level. An academic-year-long project involving both information and technical analysts demonstrated that flexible introduction of IT in the form of a relational database solution presents an opportunity to incorporate data-related practices, behavior, and schemes into a tool. The project team used cognitive work analysis and participatory design research methods to sensitively analyze research practice and then design and introduce a prototype tool. Iterative analysis and design cycles captured and incorporated the complex practices of researchers who struggle with the accumulation of samples and related digital data files from years of research. Design research processes will be analyzed according to project developments and research group reaction to the proposed data management tool design and preliminary attempt at implementation.
Subject to Others: British Women Writers and Colonial Slavery, 1670-1834

The abolitionist writing of white British women over two centuries helped to found a female political vanguard. At the same time, it constructed Africans as others, denied Africa and its people any authentic heterogeneity, and displaced anxieties about its authors' assumed powerlessness and inferiority onto its depictions of slaves. "Subject to Others" charts the emergence of a colonial discourse in this anti-slavery prose and poetry unlocking the customarily unheard and invisible resistances of slaves that resound in every text. Eurocentric constructions of Africans and slaves integral to these women's anti-slavery polemics meant that issues of race, gender, and class equality for freed African-Caribbean slaves did not appear in white British texts after emancipation. Ironically anti-slavery colonial discourse played a signifcant role in generating and consolidating 19th-century British imperialist and "domestic-racist" ideology. This book should be of interest to undergraduates and academics in literature, history, cultural studies and women's studies.
Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment: public health training for primary care.

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to elucidate changes in attitudes, experiences, readiness, and confidence levels of medical residents to perform screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) and factors that moderate these changes.Methods. A cohort of 121 medical residents received an educational intervention. Self-reported experience, readiness, attitude, and confidence toward SBIRT-related skills were measured at baseline and at follow-up. Analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of medical specialization.Results. The intervention significantly increased experience (P < .001), attitude (P < .05), readiness (P < .001), and confidence (P < .001). Residents were more likely to report that their involvement influenced patients’ substance use. However, experience applying SBIRT skills varied by country of birth, specialty, and baseline scores.Conclusions. This study suggested that SBIRT training was an effective educational tool that increased residents’ sense of responsib...
Expression of AAV Rep proteins in SV40-transformed and untransformed cells: reciprocal interaction with host DNA synthesis.

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) inhibits the induction of host DNA synthesis by simian virus 40 (SV40) large-tumour (T) antigen, mediated through AAV-encoded 'Rep' regulatory proteins. Rep proteins are normally synthesized by AAV-infected cells only in the presence of adenovirus. However, we observed a low level of Rep protein expression in SV40 transformed cells even in the absence of helper virus. In an effort to understand the functional interaction between SV40 T antigen and regulators of AAV rep expression, we evaluated Rep protein production by cell lines transformed with various T antigen mutants known to vary in their induction of host DNA synthesis. We observed Rep protein expression proportional to SV40-induced host DNA synthesis, as measured previously for these T antigen mutants in the absence of AAV, suggesting that rep gene expression - although it opposes the oncogenic stimulation of cell cycling by SV40 - may itself be elicited by host DNA synthesis. To test this, we employed two inhibitors of DNA synthesis: hydroxyurea, which acts by depleting deoxyribose nucleotide triphosphate pools, and aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerases alpha and delta. Each inhibitor markedly and significantly reduced Rep protein levels, both in immortal cells transformed by wild-type T antigen and in normal human fibroblasts, confirming the dependence of Rep protein expression on host DNA synthesis.
Oligomerization of Au(CN)2- and Ag(CN)2- Ions in Solution via Ground-State Aurophilic and Argentophilic Bonding

Dicyanoaurate(I) and dicyanoargentate(I) ions undergo significant oligomerization in aqueous and methanolic solutions. The absorption edges of K[Au(CN)2] and K[Ag(CN)2] solutions undergo progressive red shifts with an increase in concentration up to near the saturation limits, whereupon total red shifts of 13.4 × 103 and 11.9 × 103 cm-1 are obtained from the respective maxima of the corresponding lowest energy monomer bands. Two types of deviations from Beer's law are observed: a negative deviation for the monomers' MLCT bands and a positive deviation for the oligomers' bands. Increasing the concentration within a given concentration range leads to red shifts in the oligomers' absorption and/or excitation bands dominant in that range, while further increases in concentration lead to the appearance of new lower energy bands. Electronic structure calculations suggest that this behavior is attributed to metal−metal interactions between neighboring Au(CN)2- or Ag(CN)2- ions. Formation constants of 1.50 ± 0.0...
Behavior of a random hollow sphere metal foam

Abstract The quasistatic uniaxial compression behavior of both single hollow spheres and bulk metal foams comprised of the same hollow spheres is examined experimentally. The spheres are nominally the composition of a 405 stainless steel (Fe–12Cr), with a 2 mm outside diameter and 0.1 mm thick walls, and are sintered together to process the bulk foam. It is shown that to first order the bulk foam stress–strain behavior, Poisson effects, and densification may be understood on the basis of simple experiments performed on single spheres between parallel platens. These hollow sphere foams appear to behave similar to open-cell foams. Finite element modeling of finite compression of a single sphere lends further insight into the deformation process and the role of plastic bending and contact of cell walls during the process of densification.
Localization of Aa-nat mRNA in the rat retina by fluorescence in situ hybridization and laser capture microdissection

Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) is the key regulatory enzyme in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway. Previous investigations have reported that Aa-nat mRNA in rat is only detected in a sub-population of photoreceptor cells that resemble cones in shape and size. In the present study, we investigated Aa-nat expression in the rat retina by using in situ hybridization and laser capture microdissection combined with the reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction technique. Our results demonstrate that, contrary to previous reports, Aa-nat transcripts are present not only in the photoreceptor cells, but also in the inner nuclear layer and in the ganglion cell layer. However, the rhythmic expression of Aa-nat mRNA was observed only in photoreceptor cells.
Excited state, charge transfer, and spin dynamics in DNA hairpin conjugates with perylenediimide hairpin linkers.

A series of short DNA hairpins (nG) using perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDI) as the hairpin linker was synthesized in which the distance between the PDI and a guanine−cytosine (G-C) base pair is systematically varied by changing the number (n − 1) of adenine−thymine (A-T) base pairs between them. Due to the relatively large hydrophobic surface of PDI, the nG hairpins dimerize in buffer solutions. The photophysics and photochemistry of these hairpins were investigated using femtosecond transient absorption and time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopy. Photoexcitation of the self-assembled PDI dimer within each nG hairpin results in subpicosecond formation of its lower exciton state (1*PDI2) followed by formation of an excimer-like state (1*XPDI2) with τ = 10−28 ps. Both of these states are lower in energy than 1*PDI, so that neither can oxidize A, C, and T. Electron transfer from G to 1*PDI2 is faster than formation of 1*XPDI2 only for 1G. Electron transfer from G to 1*XPD...
Decay rates of high-|m| Rydberg states in strong magnetic fields.

We calculate the natural decay rates of Rydberg atoms in strong magnetic fields. We use adiabatic basis sets that exploit the different time scales of the electronic motion parallel and transverse to the magnetic field. For large absolute values of the azimuthal quantum number m, our approach is very efficient and naturally leads to a classification of the decay modes into magnetron, z-bounce, and cyclotron decays. We discuss the dependence of the decay rates on m, and study the enhancement of the decay rates due to thermal radiation.
Nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potential of imidazolidinedione-, oxazolidinedione- and thiazolidinedione-containing analogues of N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) in Fischer 344 rats.

Nephrotoxicity of the agricultural fungicide N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) in rats is believed to involve metabolism on the succinimide ring. To further investigate this hypothesis, we synthesized and tested the following NDPS analogues, which contain other cyclic imide rings and may therefore be metabolized differently than NDPS: 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2,4-oxazolidinedione (DCPO), 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2,4-imidazolidinedione (DCPI), 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione (DCPM) and 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2,4-thiazolidinedione (DCPT). Male Fischer 344 rats were administered DCPO, DCPI, DCPM, DCPT (0.6 or 1.0 mmol/kg, i.p. in corn oil), NDPS (0.6 mmol/kg, i.p. in corn oil) or corn oil (4 ml/kg). As evidenced by diuresis, proteinuria, elevated blood urea nitrogen levels, increased kidney weights and proximal tubular damage, NDPS produced severe nephrotoxicity in the rats. In contrast, DCPO, DCPI, DCPM and DCPT were mild nephrotoxicants. None of the compounds elevated serum alanine transferase activity or liver weights in the rats, however DCPT produced centrilobular necrosis. These experiments confirm that NDPS-induced nephrotoxicity is critically dependent on the presence of the succinimide ring. Furthermore, replacement of the succinimide ring with a thiazolidinedione ring produced a more pronounced effect on the liver than on the kidney. Liver damage has been reported in type II diabetic patients taking troglitazone, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. Since these compounds also contain a thiazolidinedione ring, DCPT may be useful for investigating the role of this structural feature in hepatotoxicity.
Late Medieval France. By Graeme Small

Late Medieval France. By Graeme Small (Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), xx + 242 pp. £55.00 cloth. This excellent book by Graeme Small of the University of Glasgow, part of the European Hi...
Small engine components test facility compressor testing cell at NASA Lewis Research Center

LeRC has designed and constructed a new test facility. This facility, called the Small Engine Components Facility (SECTF) is used to test gas turbines and compressors at conditions similar to actual engine conditions. The SECTF is comprised of a compressor testing cell and a turbine testing cell. Only the compressor testing cell is described. The capability of the facility, the overall facility design, the instrumentation used in the facility, and the data acquisition system are discussed in detail.
Requirement for CD4 T cell help in generating functional CD8 T cell memory

Although primary CD8 responses to acute infections are independent of CD4 help, it is unknown whether a similar situation applies to secondary responses. We show that depletion of CD4 cells during the recall response has minimal effect, whereas depletion during the priming phase leads to reduced responses by memory CD8 cells to reinfection. Memory CD8 cells generated in CD4+/+ mice responded normally when transferred into CD4−/− hosts, whereas memory CD8 cells generated in CD4−/− mice mounted defective recall responses in CD4+/+ adoptive hosts. These results demonstrate a previously undescribed role for CD4 help in the development of functional CD8 memory.
Pyrazofurin-resistant hepatoma cells deficient in adenosine kinase.

Abstract A pyrazofurin-resistant subline of the Morris rat hepatoma 3924 A has been isolated in vitro . These cells, designated subline 3924 A/ 1 P 39-3 , were 100 -fold resistant to pyrazofurin, and showed cross-resistance towards 6 -methylmercaptopurine riboside and 6 -chloropurine riboside, but not towards 6 -azauridine or arabinosyladenine. Measurement of cellular enzyme activities indicated that the level of adenosine kinase in the mutant was decreased to 2% of the value in the parental cell line, but activities of uridine kinase, adenosine deaminase, deoxyadenosine kinase and orotidine 5 ′-monophosphate decarboxylase showed no significant change. Despite the extensive deletion of adenosine kinase, the sensitivity of the mutant to adenosine toxicity was not greatly different from that of the parental 3924 A cell line. Incubation of the cells for 20 hr in presence of 300 μM adenosine caused an increase of 43% in the adenine nucleotide pool of the 1 P 39-3 cells, as compared with an increase of 93% in the parental 3924 A cells. In both lines 300 μM adenosine caused significant depletion in uridine nucleotides and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate pools. Nevertheless, uridine ( 1 mM ) did not reverse the adenosine toxicity in either case. These cells have provided direct evidence that the antipyrimidine agent, pyrazofurin, is activated by adenosine kinase in rat hepatoma cells. The results also show that loss of adenosine kinase does not affect adenosine toxicity in these cells, suggesting that the toxicity may be attributable to free adenosine rather than overproduction of adenine nucleotides.
Impact of a restricted natural language interface on ease of learning and productivity

People process natural language in real time and with very limited short-term memories. This article describes a computational architecture for syntactic performance that also requires fixed finite resources.
Particle/Gas Concentrations and Distributions of PAHs in the Atmosphere of Southern Chesapeake Bay†

Atmospheric PAH concentrations were measured at four sites characterized as rural (Haven Beach), semi-urban (York River), urban (Hampton), and industrialized (Elizabeth River) areas as part of a study to quantify gaseous exchange fluxes across the air−water interface of southern Chesapeake Bay. Aerosol particle-associated PAH concentrations were similar at all sites; however, PAH gas-phase concentra tions in the urban areas were as much as a factor of 50 greater than those at the rural site. Mean total PAH concentrations (∑ 14 PAHs) ranged from 5.31 ng/m3 at the rural site to 71.6 ng/m3 at the urban site. Daily total PAH concentrations ranged from 1.23 to 180 ng/m3. Exponential increases in gaseous PAH concentrations with temperature were observed at the non-rural sites, suggesting volatilization from contaminated surfaces (soils, vegetation, roads) during warmer weather; whereas PAH gas concentrations at the rural Haven Beach site exhibited little seasonal variability. Aerosol particle-associated PAH lev...
Susceptibility of Hyphantria cunea to a granulosis virus isolated from Diacrisia virginica

Abstract The dosage-mortality response of Hyphantria cunea larvae to a granulosis virus isolated from Diacrisia virginica was studied. Serial decimal dilutions of the D. virginica granulosis virus were fed to early second-instar H. cunea larvae. the LD 50 for this virus (7.9 × 10 5 capsules/larva) was significantly greater than the LD 50 calculated for the H. cunea granulosis virus (7.06 × 10 4 capsules/larva) against the same instar of H. cunea . Time mortality studies demonstrated that the LT 50 values for the D. virginica granulosis were four to six times greater than for comparable dosages of H. cunea granulosis virus. Based on the mortality response of assayed H. cunea , it is possible to distinguish between the D. virginica granulosis virus and the H. cunea granulosis virus.
Integration of architectural and cytologic driven image algorithms for prostate adenocarcinoma identification.

Introduction: The advent of digital slides offers new opportunities within the practice of pathology such as the use of image analysis techniques to facilitate computer aided diagnosis (CAD) solutions. Use of CAD holds promise to enable new levels of decision support and allow for additional layers of quality assurance and consistency in rendered diagnoses. However, the development and testing of prostate cancer CAD solutions requires a ground truth map of the cancer to enable the generation of receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. This requires a pathologist to annotate, or paint, each of the malignant glands in prostate cancer with an image editor software - a time consuming and exhaustive process. Recently, two CAD algorithms have been described: probabilistic pairwise Markov models (PPMM) and spatially-invariant vector quantization (SIVQ). Briefly, SIVQ operates as a highly sensitive and specific pattern matching algorithm, making it optimal for the identification of any epithelial morphology, whereas PPMM operates as a highly sensitive detector of malignant perturbations in glandular lumenal architecture. Methods: By recapitulating algorithmically how a pathologist reviews prostate tissue sections, we created an algorithmic cascade of PPMM and SIVQ algorithms as previously described by Doyle el al. [1] where PPMM identifies the glands with abnormal lumenal architecture, and this area is then screened by SIVQ to identify the epithelium. Results: The performance of this algorithm cascade was assessed qualitatively (with the use of heatmaps) and quantitatively (with the use of ROC curves) and demonstrates greater performance in the identification of malignant prostatic epithelium. Conclusion: This ability to semi-autonomously paint nearly all the malignant epithelium of prostate cancer has immediate applications to future prostate cancer CAD development as a validated ground truth generator. In addition, such an approach has potential applications as a pre-screening/quality assurance tool.
Yeast Cdc42 functions at a late step in exocytosis, specifically during polarized growth of the emerging bud

The Rho family GTPase Cdc42 is a key regulator of cell polarity and cytoskeletal organization in eukaryotic cells. In yeast, the role of Cdc42 in polarization of cell growth includes polarization of the actin cytoskeleton, which delivers secretory vesicles to growth sites at the plasma membrane. We now describe a novel temperature-sensitive mutant, cdc42-6, that reveals a role for Cdc42 in docking and fusion of secretory vesicles that is independent of its role in actin polarization. cdc42-6 mutants can polarize actin and deliver secretory vesicles to the bud, but fail to fuse those vesicles with the plasma membrane. This defect is manifested only during the early stages of bud formation when growth is most highly polarized, and appears to reflect a requirement for Cdc42 to maintain maximally active exocytic machinery at sites of high vesicle throughput. Extensive genetic interactions between cdc42-6 and mutations in exocytic components support this hypothesis, and indicate a functional overlap with Rho3, which also regulates both actin organization and exocytosis. Localization data suggest that the defect in cdc42-6 cells is not at the level of the localization of the exocytic apparatus. Rather, we suggest that Cdc42 acts as an allosteric regulator of the vesicle docking and fusion apparatus to provide maximal function at sites of polarized growth.
Aldosterone-induced RNA synthesis in the adrenalectomized rat kidney.

Abstract 1. 1. RNA synthesis induced by a single intravenous dose of aldosterone in rat kidney was characterized by differential thermal phenol extraction, a procedure which partially separates transfer, ribosomal and messenger RNA. 2. 2. Aldosterone stimulates the incorporation of [ 14 C]orotic acid into RNA fractions obtained at all temperatures. 3. 3. Stimulated incorporation was observed at 30 and 60 min after administration of aldosterone. 2–3 h after aldosterone administration, the incorporation of [ 14 C]orotic acid into RNA was again approaching control levels. 4. 4. Gradient density analysis showed consistent aldosterone stimulation in the 28-, 18- and 4-S peaks of RNA. 5. 5. Phenylbutazone, a nonsteroidal antinatriuretic agent, did not appear to stimulate the incorporation of [ 14 C]orotic acid into RNA.
Quantitative Laser-Saturated Fluorescence Measurements of Nitric Oxide in a Heptane Spray Flame

We report spatially resolved laser-saturated fluorescence measurements of NO concentration in a pre-heated, lean-direct injection (LDI) spray flame at atmospheric pressure. The spray is produced by a hollow-cone, pressure-atomized nozzle supplied with liquid heptane. NO is excited via the Q2(26.5) transition of the gamma(0,0) band. Detection is performed in a 2-nm region centered on the gamma(0,1) band. Because of the relatively close spectral spacing between the excitation (226 nm) and detection wavelengths (236 nm), the gamma(0,1) band of NO cannot be isolated from the spectral wings of the Mie scattering signal produced by the spray. To account for the resulting superposition of the fluorescence and scattering signals, a background subtraction method has been developed that utilizes a nearby non-resonant wavelength. Excitation scans have been performed to locate the optimum off-line wavelength. Detection scans have been performed at problematic locations in the flame to determine possible fluorescence interferences from UHCs and PAHs at both the on-line and off-line excitation wavelengths. Quantitative radial NO profiles are presented and analyzed so as to better understand the operation of lean-direct injectors for gas turbine combustors.
Arterial approach as the sole route for cardiac catheterization in infants and children with complex congenital heart disease.

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Multiple modes of catalysis-dependent inhibition and inactivation of aortic lysyl oxidase

Lysyl oxidase purified from bovine aorta can oxidize simple alkyl mono- and diamine substrates yielding the respective aldehyde, H2O2, and ammonia as products. The oxidation of such substrates is limited to approximately 100 catalytic turnovers per enzyme molecule since lysyl oxidase is syncatalytically and irreversibly inactivated in the course of oxidation of these amines. The present study reveals that addition of oxidant scavengers protects significantly against inactivation of lysyl oxidase and that the ammonia product is a reversible competitive inhibitor of amine oxidation. Further, the enzyme becomes covalently labeled by the amine substrate or its enzyme-processed derivative during catalysis. Thus, lysyl oxidase appears subject to multiple modes of catalysis-dependent inhibition or inactivation. Syncatalytic inactivation of lysyl oxidase might represent a means of restricting the activity of this enzyme toward its elastin and collagen substrates in vivo.
A Racially Traumatized Community Seven Years After The Crisis: Notes on The Perils of Being Helped

Communities that have experienced public traumas often must contend with well-intentioned but unhelpful responses from outsiders. How they manage this task conveys a great deal about their particular histories and their current struggles. Three-person psychoanalysis and contemporary psychoanalytic ethnography both acknowledge that misrecognition necessarily inheres in even the most diligent empathic efforts. Work that draws on the contributions of these theories may help communities understand and survive the effects of empathic failure in the wake of trauma. A research trip to Jasper, Texas, site of the racially motivated murder of James Byrd, Jr, is described to illustrate these ideas.
Separation, purification and characterization of three isoenzymes of UDP-glucuronyltransferase from rat liver microsomes

Three isoenzymes of UDP-glucuronyltransferase (UDPGT) have been separated and purified from liver microsomes of untreated female rats or female rats pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene. The UDPGT isoenzymes were purified utilizing Chromatofocusing, column isoelectric focusing, and UDP-hexanolamine Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. UDPGT activities could also be separated during UDP-hexanolamine affinity chromatography by elution with different UDPGA (UDP-glucuronic acid) concentrations. One isoenzyme exhibits a subunit molecular weight of 56,000 and is capable of conjugating p-nitrophenol, 1-naphthol, and 4-methylumbelliferone. This isoenzyme is inducible by 3-methylcholanthrene treatment and requires high UDPGA concentrations for elution from the UDP-hexanolamine affinity column in contrast to the other UDPGT isoenzymes. A second isoenzyme was purified and displayed a subunit molecular weight of 50,000. This isoenzyme was not induced by 3-methylcholanthrene and was active towards testosterone, the 17-OH position of beta-estradiol, p-nitrophenol, and 1-naphthol. A third isoenzyme was also purified and exhibited a subunit molecular weight of 52,000. This isoenzyme conjugated androsterone and etiocholanolone and was not induced by 3-methylcholanthrene treatment. This study reports the purification of two separate and distinct rat liver UDPGT isoenzymes capable of conjugating p-nitrophenol, only one of which is inducible by 3-methylcholanthrene treatment. Also, this is the first report of the purification of a UDPGT isoenzyme active towards the 3-OH position of androgens.
Characterization of a novel diolein-based LPDII vector for gene delivery

LPDII vectors are non-viral vehicles for gene delivery comprised of polycation-condensed plasmid DNA (polyplexes) complexed with anionic pH-sensitive liposomes. Here, we describe a novel LPDII formulation containing polyethylenimine (PEI) polyplexes complexed with anionic pH-sensitive liposomes composed of diolein/cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS) (6:4 mol/mol). The pH-sensitivity of diolein/CHEMS liposomes was evaluated through quantitative fluorescence measurements of calcein release and particle size analysis. The results indicated that diolein/CHEMS liposomes are stable at physiological pH, but undergo rapid aggregation and fluorescence dequenching at pH values < or =5.0. Using a luciferase reporter gene, in vitro transfection of KB oral cancer cells showed that the transfection efficiency of LPDII vectors was superior to other well-characterized polyplexes and lipoplexes. Results further showed that gene delivery using diolein-containing LPDII vectors was dependent on the PEI nitrogen/DNA phosphate (N/P) ratio, the lipid/DNA weight ratio and the cell line being transfected. Replacing PEI with poly-L-lysine as the DNA condensing agent resulted in only a moderate reduction in transfection activity. Moreover, in contrast to LPDII formulations incorporating dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), the transfection efficiency of diolein-based LPDII vectors was sustained in media containing up to 50% fetal bovine serum. Since diolein-based LPDII vectors mediate efficient gene transfer and retain their transfection activity in the presence of serum, diolein may be a promising alternative to DOPE for the construction of non-viral vectors for in vivo gene delivery.
Some psycholinguistic aspects of person perception

Adjective-noun combinations in person perception are analyzed from an integration-theoretical view, with special reference to judgments of likableness, occupational proficiency, and social value. Different theoretical considerations are shown to apply to these three judgment dimensions, but all can be conceptualized in terms of the valuation and integration operations of integration theory. Experimental support for this conceptual analysis is given for likableness and occupational proficiency. Advantages of the integration-theoretical analysis over congruity formulations are pointed out.
The precision of latency measures on real-time computing systems

We derive expressions for the bounds on the precision of response latency measures made using a free-running digital clock and discuss other possible sources of measurement errors. In a multitask, real-time environment, there are three possible sources of large measurement errors: (1) the finite resolution of the digital clock, (2) unscheduled delays in recording the time of occurrence of an event, and (3) the uncertainty of the time of stimulus presentation for stimuli presented on a CRT terminal.