cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P5-07-08: The clinical utility of alternative chromosome 17 probes in equivocal HER2 results

Background Acurrate assessment of HER2 status in patients with breast cancer is critical in selecting patients for targeted therapy. In 2013, the American Society of Clinical Oncology-/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) released new guidelines for HER2 testing in an attempt to more acurately identify all breast cancer patients who are eligible for HER2 targeted therapy; these guidelines included new cutoff points for HER2/CEP17 ratio by in situ hybridization (ISH) or average HER2 copy number/cell and recommended the use of a reflex test with alternative ISH chromosome 17 probe for resolving cases with equivocal HER2 ISH results. We sought to determine the clinical utility of alternative chromosome 17 probes in such equivocal cases. Patients and Methods Our institution9s database of HER2 dual- probe ISH results was searched for cases of invasive breast cancer with a HER2/CEP17 ratio of 4 and Results Of 5489 cases of invasive breast cancer tested by dual-probe ISH for HER2 gene status, 316 (5.7%) cases were found to have equivocal results according to the 2013 ASCO/CAP guidelines. Further analysis of the 30 equivocal consecutive cases using the alternative chromosome 17 probes (SMS/RARA), 17 cases were upgraded from equivocal to positive HER2 status, and 13 cases remained unchanged. Conclusion The use of alternative chromosome 17 probes effectively determines true HER2 status in most equivocal HER2 ISH cases. Equivocal results are common; therefore, we advocate testing for alternative chromosome 17 genes to better categorize equivocal cases under the new ASCO/CAP guidelines. Additional analysis of the remaining equivocal cases and their relation to disease progression is underway and will be presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Sneige N, Gong Y, Multani AS, Ibrahim NK. The clinical utility of alternative chromosome 17 probes in equivocal HER2 results. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-07-08.
The business of staying in business: North Carolina Clubhouse programs

ABSTRACTClubhouse Model Programs in North Carolina are threatened by significant local and state reimbursement mechanisms. The goal of this study was to examine the impact of diminished state resources and administrative changes on the ground, from the perspective of Clubhouse members and staff at two Clubhouses in North Carolina. The lead author conducted participant observation for five weeks at each site engaging in various daily activities with members and staff, conducting conversational interviews, and reviewing program administrative data to corroborate findings. Income lost to decreased Psychosocial Rehabilitation (PSR) rates, decreased billable hours, and an increased delivery of non-reimbursed services represented a significant net cost to the Clubhouses’ operations and finances. The impact of these costs varied between the two organizations largely due to differing policies enacted by their Local Management Entities (LMEs). The costs of forced budgetary changes at the state level created varyin...
Mohr Circle for Stress

The stress ellipsoid is useful for visualizing the orientations and relative magnitudes of the principal stresses at a point, and for clarifying the relationship between stress vectors on individual planes and the stress tensor represented by the orientation and shape of the whole ellipsoid. But the stress ellipsoid is not very convenient for showing the relationship between the orientation of a plane and the magnitudes of the shearing and normal stresses upon it. For this we introduce a new kind of diagram called a Mohr diagram. Mohr diagrams are important because the normal and shear components of stress on a plane play a prominent role in theories of many planar structures, such as faults, joints, and deformation lamellae in crystals.
Questionable Word Choice in Scientific Writing in Orthopedic Surgery.

Background: Given the strong influence of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors on musculoskeletal symptoms andlimitations it’s important that both scientific and lay writing use the most positive, hopeful, and adaptive words andconcepts consistent with medical evidence. The use of words that might reinforce misconceptions about preferencesensitiveconditions (particularly those associated with age) could increase symptoms and limitations and might alsodistract patients from the treatment preferences they would select when informed and at ease.Methods: We reviewed 100 consecutive papers published in 2014 and 2015 in 6 orthopedic surgery scientific journals.We counted the number and proportion of journal articles with questionable use of one or more of the following words:tear, aggressive, required, and fail. For each word, we counted the rate of misuse per journal and the number of specificterms misused per article per journalResults: Eighty percent of all orthopedic scientific articles reviewed had questionable use of at least one term. Tearwas most questionably used with respect to rotator cuff pathology. The words fail and require were the most commonquestionably used terms overall.Conclusion: The use of questionable words and concepts is common in scientific writing in orthopedic surgery. It’sworth considering whether traditional ways or referring to musculoskeletal illness merit rephrasing.
Efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Guérin Strains for Treatment of Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

Purpose: We sought to determine the efficacy of genetically distinct bacillus Calmette-Guerin strains in preventing disease recurrence in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of trials evaluating bacillus Calmette-Guerin strains against all possible comparators (different bacillus Calmette-Guerin strains, chemotherapy and nonbacillus Calmette-Guerin biological therapies) with intravesical chemotherapy as the common comparator. MEDLINE® (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) served as the primary data source, with the search from inception to October 2016 for clinical trials involving patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer receiving bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Primary outcome measure was bladder cancer recurrence, defined as recurrent bladder tumor of any grade or stage. Random effect network meta-analysis provided estimates for outcomes and is presented as odds ratios.Results: Across all possible comparators ...
Arthroscopic Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement in Adolescents Provides Clinically Significant Outcome Improvement.

Purpose To define minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) for adolescents undergoing arthroscopic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) surgery. Methods A prospective institutional hip preservation registry was reviewed to identify hip arthroscopies performed for FAI. Patients with pre-existing hip conditions such as slipped capital femoral epiphysis and Legg-Calve-Perthese were excluded. Included patients were 18 years and younger. The modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), the Hip Outcome Score (HOS), and the international Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-33) were administered as part of the registry. MCID was calculated using a distribution-based method, and SCB was calculated using a physical function anchor question. Receiver operating characteristic analysis with area under the curve (AUC) was used for psychometric analyses. Results Forty-seven adolescents were identified. The majority of patients were female (n = 32, 68.1%) with a mean age of 16.5 (±1.1) years. The MCID (% achieving) for the mHHS, HOS activities of daily living (ADL), HOS Sport, and iHOT-33 was 9.5 (85%), 9.8 (79%), 12.1 (85%), and 10.7 (94%), respectively. Ninety-two percent of adolescents reported some form of improved hip physical ability on the anchor question. The following 1-year absolute outcome scores were significantly representative of an SCB state on the mHHS, HOS ADL, HOS Sport, and mHHS, respectively (AUC): 93.5 (0.79), 98.5 (0.84), 96.9 (0.81), and 85.9 (0.76). Conclusions Adolescents undergoing arthroscopic FAI surgery achieve clinically significant outcome improvement. We found that the vast majority of adolescents achieve MCID on hip-specific patient-reported outcome tools. However, although adolescents readily achieve MCID, a considerable improvement in postoperative outcome score is often needed to perceive a substantial benefit (SCB). The available hip outcome tools may be subject to ceiling effects for measuring clinically significant outcome improvement in adolescents. Level of Evidence Level IV, case series.
Parent-Adolescent Discrepancies in Reports of Parenting and Adolescent Outcomes in Mexican Immigrant Families.

Parents and adolescents often have discrepant views of parenting which pose challenges for researchers regarding how to deal with information from multiple informants. Although recent studies indicate that parent–adolescent discrepancies in reports of parenting can be useful in predicting adolescent outcomes, their findings are mixed regarding whether discrepancies relate to more positive or more negative adolescent outcomes. This study examined the longitudinal implications of parent–adolescent discrepancies in reports of parenting (warmth, monitoring, and reasoning) on adolescent behavioral, psychological, academic, and physical health outcomes among Mexican immigrant families in the United States. Participants were 604 adolescents (54% female, M age.wave1 = 12.41 years) and their parents. Taking a person-centered approach, this study identified distinct patterns of parent–adolescent discrepancies in parenting and their different associations with later adolescent outcomes. Adolescents’ more negative perceptions of parenting relative to parents were associated with more negative adolescent outcomes, whereas adolescents’ more positive perceptions relative to parents related to more positive adolescent outcomes. There were also variations in discrepancy patterns and their associations with adolescent outcomes between mother–adolescent vs. father-adolescent dyads. Findings of the current study highlight individual variations of discrepancies among parent–adolescent dyads and the importance of considering both the magnitude and direction of discrepancies regarding their associations with adolescent well-being.
Nucleolar structure: Yeast rDNA feels the heat.

Condensins are highly conserved protein complexes that regulate chromosome organization, affecting transcription and preparing chromosomes for mitosis.1 Experiments conducted in budding yeast cells...
Breaching and Opening Basement Membrane Barriers: The Anchor Cell Leads the Way

Metastasis is initiated in epithelial-derived tumors when cells at the tumor front breach the epithelial basement membrane (BM). Invasion through BMs is thought to be one of the most rate-limiting steps in cancer progression and thus is a therapeutically attractive target for halting tumor spread. Despite intense interest, it has been challenging to experimentally determine how invasive cells breach and clear BM barriers, which has hindered efforts to block metastasis. Here we discuss how an experimentally tractable developmental invasion event, anchor cell (AC) invasion in the model system C. elegans, is offering powerful new insights into the fundamental mechanisms that invasive cells use to breach BM barriers and how cells at the breach site widen BM gaps through a new mechanism called BM sliding. Finally, we cover studies demonstrating that AC invasion can also be used as a new paradigm to examine how alterations in the tumor microenvironment impinge on cell invasive behavior.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Cardioversion: A Review of Current Evidence.

Objective: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are recommended for the prevention of stroke or systemic embolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban r...
Helical Propensity Affects the Conformational Properties of the Denatured State of Cytochrome c

Abstract Changing the helical propensity of a polypeptide sequence might be expected to affect the conformational properties of the denatured state of a protein. To test this hypothesis, alanines at positions 83 and 87 near the center of helix 3 of cytochrome c ′ from Rhodopseudomonas palustris were mutated to serine to decrease the stability of this helix. A set of 13 single histidine variants in the A83S/A87S background were prepared to permit assessment of the conformational properties of the denatured state using histidine-loop formation in 3 M guanidine hydrochloride. The data are compared with previous histidine-heme loop formation data for wild-type cytochrome c ′. As expected, destabilization of helix 3 decreases the global stabilities of the histidine variants in the A83S/A87S background relative to the wild-type background. Loop stability versus loop size data yields a scaling exponent of 2.1 ± 0.2, similar to the value of 2.3 ± 0.2 obtained for wild-type cytochrome c ′. However, the stabilities of all histidine-heme loops, which contain the helix 3 sequence segment, are increased in the A83S/A87S background compared to the wild-type background. Rate constants for histidine-heme loop breakage are similar for the wild-type and A83S/A87S variants. However, for histidine-heme loops that contain the helix 3 sequence segment, the rate constants for loop formation increase in the A83S/A87S background compared to the wild-type background. Thus, residual helical structure appears to stiffen the polypeptide chain slowing loop formation in the denatured state. The implications of these results for protein folding mechanisms are discussed.
Reconstructing one-dimensional positions of spherical scatterers from overlapping echoes

A new method for identifying the one-dimensional positions of spherical scatterers from overlapping echoes is described. This problem is of interest because various tissues (e.g., solid tumors) can be modeled as an ensemble of discrete scatterers (e.g., tumor cells). Existing quantitative ultrasound methods are successful in estimating the scatterer size by fitting an acoustic scattering model to the backscatter coefficient estimated from the radio-frequency data. However, the scatterer positions cannot be recovered from severely overlapped echoes using such quantitative ultrasound methods alone. In the method proposed herein, the forward scattering problem is formulated based on a sparse discrete scatterer assumption. The forward problem takes into account the effects of attenuation, scattering function, transducer diffraction and system response function, all of which can be estimated or corrected using quantitative ultrasound techniques. The scatterer positions are then recovered by solving the inverse...
Container Memory Allocation Discrepancies: An Investigation on Memory Utilization Gaps for Container-Based Application Deployments

As cloud architectural platforms evolve, understanding how to maximize cost efficiency of application deployments is difficult without the ability to assess cost vs. performance tradeoffs of new technology platforms. With the advent of container-based computing, new opportunities for improving resource utilization efficiency have emerged. Compared to traditional cloud application deployments hosted on dedicated virtual machines (VMs), deployments to container clusters can save significant resources by aggregating application deployments to a shared pool of VMs. However, the degree of savings is often uncertain, and hobbled by excessive container resource allocation reflective of engineers' instincts to treat them as individual VMs. As practitioners are accustomed to performing application deployments to VMs, we are especially interested in understanding if VM resource allocations (e.g. CPU, RAM, disk) are appropriate for container deployments. In this research, we set out to analyze gaps between memory allocation and memory utilization for application deployments to container clusters.
Tube tip and cuff position using different strategies for placement of currently available paediatric tracheal tubes

Abstract Background Tracheal tube tip and cuff positions of different cuffed paediatric tracheal tube brands in the trachea can vary with design. Methods Data from three clinical studies with measured tracheal lengths were pooled in a database including 422 children aged from birth to 16 yr. Dimensional data of seven cuffed paediatric tracheal tube brands (ID 3.0–7.0 mm) were recorded. Positions of tracheal tube tip and upper cuff border were calculated for each of the 422 tracheas using depth mark based tracheal tube placement, placement of the tracheal tube tip at a calculated safety distance above the carina, and mid-tracheal tube placement. Percentage of accidental bronchial intubations and tracheal tube cuff positions in the subglottic or supraglottic region were calculated. Results Depth mark based tracheal tube placement resulted in accidental bronchial intubation of up to 18% of cases and tracheal tube cuffs being placed in the subglottic region in up to 91%. Tracheal tube tip placement at a calculated safety distance resulted in up to 54% of tube cuffs placed too high. Mid-tracheal tube placement led to 100% subglottic or supraglottic tracheal tube cuff positions. Conclusions All studied cuffed paediatric tracheal tubes have major design flaws potentially leading to airway complications. Tracheal tube manufacturers are urgently asked to improve the design of cuffed paediatric tracheal tubes. Alternative strategies for tracheal tube placement can allow safe tracheal tube placement of uncuffed but not of cuffed tracheal tubes.
Wright's stain in rapid diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii.

The conventional Hematology Wright’s stain has been used in touch preparation from open lung biopsies to identify Pneumocystis carinii . A 100% positive correlation has been found using this rapid and readily available technique when compared to the conventional silver stain and permanent histologic sections
Plant (Poison Oak or Ivy) and Other Causes of Contact Dermatitis

Allergic contact dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin characterized by redness and the formation of vesicles; vesicles are similar to blisters. Allergic contact dermatitis occurs after exposure to a wide variety of substances—many of which are also capable of causing nonallergic irritation. This irritant reaction appears following injury to cells as a result of direct contact with the offending substance; the allergic response develops after repeated contacts with a sensitizer, which eventually provokes an immune inflammatory side reaction in the body. In practice, it is often difficult to distinguish allergic from irritant contact dermatitis. Table 20 lists ways in which they differ.
Nanodiffraction of Carbon Nanotubes

The technique of electron nanodiffraction (END), in which diffraction patterns are obtained from regions 1 nm in diameter or smaller, would seem to be an ideal tool for the study of nanotubes and related structures. Electron beams with energies in the range of from 50 to 1000 kV may readily be focused into small probes having diameters of 1 nm or less by means of the same strong electromagnetic lenses that are used for high-resolution electron microscopy. With the high-brightness electron sources of cold-field-emission electron guns, the intensity of the 1 nm diameter electron beams is sufficient to allow nanodiffractiion patterns to be recorded in a small fraction of a second if a suitable detection system is used. Thus a very effective and versatile arrangement is possible for the detailed study of structures on a nanometer scale.
Current and emerging ALS biomarkers: utility and potential in clinical trials.

Introduction: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder which results in progressive muscle weakness as a prominent feature. However, clinical and pathogenic heterogeneity...
Using the Extended Case Method to Expand the Scope of Policy Research: An Examination of the Educational Outcomes of a College Preparation Program for Low-Income, Racially Minoritized Students:

This article describes how the extended case method, a tool of critical qualitative inquiry rooted in ethnography, can be used to inform policy research. Using examples drawn from a yearlong ethnog...
How I manage ibrutinib intolerance and complications in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) therapy has changed dramatically with the introduction of several targeted therapeutics. Ibrutinib was the first approved for use in 2014 and now is used for initial and salvage therapy of CLL patients. With its widespread use in clinical practice, ibrutinib’s common and uncommon adverse events reported less frequently in earlier clinical trials have been experienced more frequently in real-world practice. In particular, atrial fibrillation, bleeding, infections, and arthralgias have been reported. The management of ibrutinib’s adverse events often cannot be generalized but must be individualized to the patient and their long-term risk of additional complications. When ibrutinib was initially developed, there were limited therapeutic alternatives for CLL, which often resulted in treating through the adverse events. At the present time, there are several effective alternative agents available, so transition to an alternative CLL directed therapy may be considered. Given the continued expansion of ibrutinib across many therapeutic areas, investigation of the pathogenesis of adverse events with this agent and also clinical trials examining therapeutic approaches for complications arising during therapy are needed. Herein, we provide strategies we use in real-world CLL clinical practice to address common adverse events associated with ibrutinib.
Concentration Robustness and Its Importance in Biology: Some More Deficiency-Oriented Theorems

This chapter is somewhat different from the surrounding ones, in which the interest is largely in network-structural conditions that confer a degree of stable behavior against composition perturbations within stoichiometric compatibility classes. The interest here is again in a kind of stability—in this case, precise maintenance of a desired concentration of a critical species—but now against composition perturbations, even very large ones, across stoichiometric compatibility classes. This chapter’s placement just after the preceding one results from its close connection to deficiency one theory. The connection will become more transparent in Part III, where we consider the common mathematics underlying both chapters.
Judo for Individuals with Visual Impairments

Many feel that individuals with visual impairments are limited in their ability to participate in many sports including combative sports. However, athletes with visual impairments have competed in combatives including wrestling and Judo for many years, often against sighted opponents. The purpose of this article is to present information on how to create a Judo program for Judo club directors, physical education teachers at schools for the blind, and camps directors who work with children with visual impairments.
How do substitutability and effort asymmetry change resource management in coupled natural-human systems?

Humans require multiple natural resources for their wellbeing and assign different portions of their efforts to secure resources due to their limited time and energy. When one resource is scarce, it may be replaced with a substitute which may fully or partially cover the shortage. However, existing research of coupled natural-human systems (CNHS) usually focuses on a single resource and misses these aspects. To fill the gaps, we question: how would substitutability and effort asymmetry influence system responses, resource management, and sustainability? Building on an existing conceptual framework, we developed a CNHS model with two resources and infrastructures in a centralized governance structure. Model analysis showed that substitutability and effort asymmetry significantly influence policy flexibility, performance, and sustainability of the coupled system, thereby highlighting challenges and offering insights in governing systems with multiple resources.
The CyberAmbassador Training Program

The CyberAmbassador project aims to provide professional skills training for Cyber-Infrastructure (CI) professionals, with the goal of developing "CyberAmbassadors" [16] who are prepared to facilitate and lead multidisciplinary, computationally-intensive research. This NSF funded program (Award Number 1730137) has the following objectives: (1) Develop curriculum that focuses on professional skills (communications, teamwork, leadership) within the context of large scale, multidisciplinary computational research; (2) Pilot, evaluate and revise the curriculum; (3) Develop "Train the Trainers" workshops to broaden the impact of the curriculum and connect with external partners to ensure the longevity of the program beyond the timeframe of the grant. This paper introduces the core curriculum, describes different modes of delivering content that we have piloted, shares preliminary evaluation results from two particularly relevant cases, and offers initial lessons learned.
Effects of Solvent Concentration on the Performance of Ionic-Liquid/Carbon Supercapacitors

We use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effects of solvent concentration on the bulk properties of an ion liquid electrolyte and the electrochemical performance on carbon-based electrodes, including pristine graphene, oxidized graphene, graphene armchair edge, graphene zigzag edge, onion-like carbon, and slit-pore carbon. We find that diluting the electrolyte reduces the number of ion pairs in the bulk and improves ion dynamics. The capacitance of the two-edge electrodes decreases monotonically as the solvent concentration increases, while the capacitance of other nonedge electrodes exhibits nonmonotonic behavior and a capacitance maximum is observed. Further analyses on the electric double layer reveals two competing factors: solvation reduces the charge overscreening effect, but it also causes the dilution of absorbed ion concentration. While the former increases the capacitance in the low dilution regime, the latter decreases the capacitance in the high dilution regime. In addition, the dilution also significantly improves the ion dynamics at the interface. Our simulation results demonstrate that diluting an ionic liquid electrolyte could potentially boost the power density while maintaining or even slightly increasing the energy density with a careful selection of solvent concentrations on a nonedge carbon electrode.
The role of the screw profile on granular structure and mixing efficiency of a high-dose hydrophobic drug formulation during twin screw wet granulation

Abstract This study aimed at systematically investigating the role of distributive comb mixing element (GLC) and neutral dispersive mixing kneading block element (K90) on the structure and physical properties of granules containing high-dose of poorly water-soluble drug. Albendazole was used as the model drug at 50 wt% drug loading. Lactose monohydrate and microcrystalline cellulose were used as diluent, and 3 w/v% hydroxypropyl cellulose aqueous solution was used as binder liquid. It was found that the use of GLC element resulted in formation of granules with higher internal porosity, more homogeneous binder distribution, smaller particle size, superior compaction properties and tabletability while K90 kneading element produced relatively larger and denser granules with less homogeneous binder distribution where binder was mainly concentrated in larger granules. The use of downstream GLC element was shown to result in an approximately 8% and 57% reduction in the D50 for 0.2 and 0.3 liquid-to-solid ratios, demonstrating a significantly higher sensitivity of granule size to screw profile at higher liquid-to-solid ratios. The axial mixing efficiency was assessed by measuring the residence time distribution of the granulation process with screw profiles containing K90 and GLC elements. It was found that granules had longer mean residence time and broader residence time distribution within GLC element due to enhanced backmixing and axial dispersion processes. The continuous “fragmentation-reagglomeration” cycle was proposed to be the main advantage of distributive GLC element in granulation of hydrophobic powders.
Shaping the Next Generation of Lawyers: A Call to the Christian Legal Community

In 2007, the Carnegie Foundation published Educating Lawyers, its influential and comprehensive assessment on how well law schools law schools train our students. One of the most important recommendations made by Carnegie that law schools should provide an apprenticeship in professional identity. Professional identity “draws to the foreground the purposes of the profession and the formation of the identity of lawyers guided by those purposes.” William M. Sullivan, et al., Educating Lawyers: Preparation for the Profession of Law (2007), 14. To Carnegie, an apprenticeship in professional identity means training students both in professional ethics and professionalism, what it called “the wider matters of morality and character.” Id. at 129. This article analyzes Carnegie’s call for an apprenticeship in professional identity and describes how Christian law schools and Christian lawyers are well-suited to answer this call.
figureComposer: A web-based interactive multi-panel bio- infographic designing tool

Summary: We developed the 2nd generation of a feature-rich bioinformatics and systems biology figure design tool that takes high-resolution images in various formats, mainly SVG to produce one multi-panel publication-quality composite figure in both PDF and interactive HTML formats. Availability: The tool and detailed user guide are available at https://baohongz.github.io/canvasDesigner2 while the source code is provided at https://github.com/baohongz/canvasDesigner2. Contact: baohong.zhang@biogen.com, kejie.li@biogen.com Supplementary information: Supplementary materials are available at https://bit.ly/2TeLB5M.
Orthodox Radicals Baptist Identity in the English Revolution: by Matthew C. Bingham, New York, Oxford University Press, 2019, 240 pp., £64, ISBN 978-0-19-091236-9

How do we tell the story of ‘Baptist’ origins in the seventeenth century? What language shall we borrow to describe the emergence of these groups of congregationalists, preaching and practising bel...
Re-Testing Patients for COVID-19 after Symptomatic Recovery: a Work in Progress.

As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic slowly begins to resolve, preparations are being made to re-open businesses and schools across the USA, and individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 will need to return to work with appropriate modifications. Patients and clinicians are currently faced with conflicting information and recommendations about when it is safe for patients who have had COVID-19 to terminate their quarantine and return to work. This article presents the case of a patient trying to return to work after having COVID-19, and then discusses the challenges posed by current clinical guidelines.
Characterization of predictors of ESBL-producing enterobacteriaceae in urine cultures of emergency department patients.

Study objective With increasing prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (ESBLE), more reliable identification of predictors for ESBLE urinary tract infection (UTI) in the emergency department (ED) is needed. Our objective was to evaluate risk factors and their predictive ability for ED patients with ESBLE UTI. Methods This was a retrospective case-control study at an urban academic medical center. Microbiology reports identified adult ED patients with positive urine cultures from 2015-2018. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of UTI with monomicrobial enterobacteriaceae culture growth. Exclusions were cultures with carbapenemase-resistant enterobacteriaceae or urinary colonization. Collected variables included demographics, comorbidities, and recent medical history. Patient disposition, urine culture susceptibilities, presence of ESBLE, empiric antibiotics, and therapy modifications were collected. Patients were stratified based on ESBLE status and analyzed via descriptive statistics. The data were divided into 2 parts: the first used to identify possible predictors of ESBLE UTI and the second used to validate an additive scoring system. Results Of 466 patients, 16.3% had ESBLE urine culture growth and 83.7% did not; 39.5% of ESBLE patients required antibiotic therapy modification, as compared to 6.4% of ESBLE negative patients (odds ratio [OR] 9.5; confidence interval [CI] 8.9-10.1). Independent predictors of ESBLE UTI were IV antibiotics within 1 year (OR 5.4; CI 2.1-12.8), surgery within 90 days (OR 6.4; CI 1.5-27.8), and current refractory UTI (OR 8.5; CI 2.0-36.6). Conclusion Independent predictors of ESBLE UTI in emergency department patients included IV antibiotics within 1 year, surgery within 90 days, and current refractory UTI.
Valuation uncertainty, home and host market uncertainty, and cross-border seasoned equity offerings

Abstract This study examines how market timing can affect host market reaction to cross-border seasoned equity offerings (SEOs), an event generally viewed unfavorably by investors. We assume that firms engage in market timing in response to valuation uncertainty (VU), home market uncertainty (HMU) and/or host market uncertainty (HSU), and that raising capital abroad faces higher scrutiny costs and familiarity bias from host market investors. We conjecture that timing strategies provide signals that vary in strength to host market investors and that dual-timing strategies may strengthen an existing signal. Our hypotheses are tested on a sample of 190 cross-border SEOs that were issued on the U.S. stock market between 1990 and 2017 by firms from 29 countries. Using event study methodology, we find that market timing based on VU is negatively related to host market valuation and that a dual-timing strategy with HMU or HSU generally produces a stronger signal. Our results have practical relevance for stock markets that suffer from high uncertainty; we estimate that a high VU firm with a $1 billion valuation suffers a drop of $31.3 million in market valuation during a high host market uncertainty (high HSU) compared with low host market uncertainty (low HSU).
Electronic structures, charge transfer, and charge order in twisted transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers

Moir\'e superlattices of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) bilayers have been shown to host correlated electronic states, which arise from the interplay of long wavelength moir\'e potential and long-range Coulomb interaction. Here, we theoretically investigate structural relaxation and single-particle electronic structure of twisted TMD homobilayer. From the large-scale density functional theory calculation and continuum model with layer degrees of freedom, we find that the out-of-plane gating field creates a tunable charge transfer gap at the Dirac point between the first and second moir\'e valence bands. We further study the charge orders at the fractional band fillings. In the flat band limit, we find from Monte Carlo simulations a series of charge-ordered insulating states at various fillings $n=\frac{1}{4},\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{2},\frac{2}{3},1$. We predict that gating field induces a phase transition between different electron crystals at fixed filling $n=\frac{1}{2}$ or $\frac{2}{3}$. At half-filling $n=1$, the ground state is a Mott insulator with electronically driven ferroelectricity. This work demonstrates that TMD homobilayer provides a powerful platform for the investigation of tunable charge transfer insulator and charge orders.
Integrating Wildlife Count Models With State-and-Transition Models to Enhance Rangeland Management for Multiple Objectives

Abstract State-and-transition models (STMs) are tools used in rangeland management to describe linear and nonlinear vegetation dynamics as conceptual models. STMs can be improved by including additional ecosystem services, such as wildlife habitat, so that managers can predict how local populations might respond to state changes and to illustrate the tradeoffs in managing for different ecosystem services. Our objective was to incorporate songbird density into an STM developed for sagebrush rangelands in northwest Colorado to guide local management of sagebrush birds. The STM included two shrub-dominated community phases, a native grassland state, and a shrubland and grassland phase within an exotic-dominated state. We surveyed plots for songbirds, collected a suite of vegetation indicators at each plot, and quantified songbird habitat relationships with count-based regression models. We then used the estimated models to predict songbird density based on average vegetation conditions per state or community phase. Moderate or increasing shrub cover were important predictors for shrubland-associated species, and responses to understory components varied by species. In the STM, we predicted higher densities of shrubland-associated bird species in the shrub-dominated phases and higher densities of grassland-associated bird species in the state and phase lacking shrub cover. No single state or phase captured the highest density for all songbirds, illustrating the value of alternative states. Our results also demonstrate the utility of displaying traditional wildlife count models against the range of vegetation conditions associated with each state or phase to understand how wildlife density can vary within states and phases. Our approach can assist land managers to gauge the potential impacts of land-use decisions and natural vegetation variability on wildlife, especially for species of conservation concern.
Extraocular Sebaceous Carcinoma Treated With Mohs Micrographic Surgery-A 24-Year Retrospective Review of Tumor Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes.

Background Extraocular sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is rare, with distinct features from its ocular counterpart. These neoplasms have been associated with Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS). Associated internal malignancies include gastrointestinal and genitourinary. Objective Assess for local recurrence, metastasis, disease-specific death, and additional malignancies in patients with extraocular SC treated with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) at a single referral center. Methods Review of patients with extraocular SC treated with MMS between 1995 and 2019. Follow-up was obtained by chart review. Results Thirty-eight patients with 41 tumors were identified (25, 66% male). During a mean follow-up of 5.9 ± 5 years, one case of metastasis was identified in an incompletely treated case. No recurrence was identified in the remaining 40 tumors. Five of 41 (12%) tumors had aggressive histologic features. Seven of 38 (18%) patients had a diagnosis of MTS or associated risk factors. There was no association between MTS or its risk factors and high-risk tumors. Conclusion There were no incidences of local recurrence, metastasis, or disease-specific death in cases treated completely with MMS. Metastasis and disease-specific death occurred in an incompletely treated case, highlighting the risk associated with aggressive tumors.
Transcutaneous Measurement of Essential Vitamins Using Near-Infrared Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Sensors

Vitamins such as riboflavin and ascorbic acid are frequently utilized in a range of biomedical applications as drug delivery targets, fluidic tracers, and pharmaceutical excipients. Sensing these biochemicals in the human body has the potential to significantly advance medical research and clinical applications. In this work, a nanosensor platform consisting of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with nanoparticle corona phases engineered to allow for the selective molecular recognition of ascorbic acid and riboflavin, is developed. The study provides a methodological framework for the implementation of colloidal SWCNT nanosensors in an intraperitoneal SKH1-E murine model by addressing complications arising from tissue absorption and scattering, mechanical perturbations, as well as sensor diffusion and interactions with the biological environment. Nanosensors are encapsulated in a polyethylene glycol diacrylate hydrogel and a diffusion model is utilized to validate analyte transport and sensor responses to local concentrations at the boundary. Results are found to be reproducible and stable after exposure to 10% mouse serum even after three days of in vivo implantation. A geometrical encoding scheme is used to reference sensor pairs, correcting for in vivo optical and mechanical artifacts, resulting in an order of magnitude improvement of p-value from 0.084 to 0.003 during analyte sensing.
The Citizen Lawyer in the Coming Era: Technology is Changing the Practice of Law, but Legal Education Must Remain Committed to Humanistic Learning

The practice of law is undergoing a period of intensive change that is being driven by recent technological developments. These changes will not only transform the day-to-day practice of law and the economics of the legal services industry, but also will drive changes in the way legal theory is approached and the role of the lawyer in the American democracy. More precisely, while artificial intelligence has been applied to legal research and practice for decades, the development of massive amounts of data in the form of on-line legal research, and inexpensive, extremely powerful centrally located computing (i.e., cloud computing), have radically increased its capabilities, raising the prospects of significant automation in legal services. This is creating the possibility (and reality) of disruptive innovation in many areas of legal practice by creating the means of providing higher quality legal services at reduced cost. While a few papers have considered different aspects of the implications of these technologies for professional ethics, little consideration has yet been given to the broader question of what this new technology means for the evolving role of the lawyer in the American democracy, although a few have sought to consider political theory through algorithmic means (see, e.g., Hope M. Babcock, "Democracy’s Discontent in a Complex World: Can Avalanches, Sandpiles, and Finches Optimize Michael Sandel’s Civic Republican Community?," 85 GEO. L. J. 2085 (1997) (critiquing civic republican political theory using complex systems principles). This paper considers the role of the human lawyer in an era of automated legal services. It seeks to define the limits of legal automation by drawing from philosophical arguments for the limits of empirical and probabilistic methods in the social sciences. It concludes by suggesting that beyond training lawyers to be immediately commercially exploitable, legal education should seek to deepen and refine the lawyer’s ability to experience the uniquely human meaning of law and of living in a democratic polity.
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Type 1 Diabetes on Insulin Pump, with Acute Appendicitis: A Case Report.

Author(s): Thompson, Brian David; Kitchen, Anthony | Abstract: Introduction: Recently, euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis has been an increasing topic of discussionwithin emergency medicine literature. Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis can easily be missed, as anormal point-of-care glucose often mistakenly precludes the work-up of diabetic ketoacidosis.Case Report: A 16-year-old female with a past medical history of type 1 diabetes presented tothe emergency department with altered mental status, vomiting, and abdominal pain. She wasdiagnosed with euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis.Conclusion: Reported cases of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis are most frequently attributedto sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, but other potential causes have been discussed inthe literature. In this patient, a starvation state with continued insulin use in the setting of acuteappendicitis led to her condition.
Scaling patterns of biomass and soil properties: an empirical analysis

We argue that studies at multiple scales must necessarilychange the extent of measurements, not just the spacing, in order toeffectivelycapture information regarding processes at multiple scales. We have implementeda multi-scale sampling scheme using transects of 10 cm, 1m, 10 m, 100 m, and 1 km ateach of four sites along an elevational gradient from dry foothills forest toalpine tundra in the Front Range of Colorado; these four sites form anadditional transect of 22 km. Along each of these transects wetookten equally spaced soil cores and measured variables important in determiningboth microbial and plant community structure: soil water content, organicmattercontent, pH, and total soil biomass. With this sampling scheme we are able totreat scale as an independent variable in our analyses, and our data show thatboth particular sites and particular variables can determine whether estimatesof mean values are scale-dependent or not. A geostatistical analysis using allof our data shows common relationships between scales across ecologicallydiverse sites; biomass shows the most complex pattern of distribution acrossscales, as measured by fractal dimension. Our analyses also reveal theinadequacy of several standard geostatistical models when applied to data frommultiple scales of measurement – we recommend the use of the boundedpowerlaw model in such cases. We hypothesize that because biological communitiesmustrespond simultaneously to multiple variables with differing patterns of spatialvariation, the spatial variation of biological communities will be at least ascomplex as the most complex environmental variable at any given site.
Microscopic and Spectroscopic Methods

The sections in this article are Bright Field Microscopy Dark Field Microscopy Phase Contrast Microscopy Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy Confocal Microscopy Fluorescence Spectroscopy Infrared Spectroscopy Raman Spectroscopy Keywords: microscopy; fluorescence spectroscopy; infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; biological samples
Diagrammatic Monte Carlo and Worm Algorithm Techniques

This chapter reviews basic principles of Diagrammatic Monte Carlo and Worm Algorithm techniques. Diagrammatic Monte Carlo establishes generic rules for unbiased sampling of well defined configuration spaces when the only source of errors is of statistical origin due to finite sampling time, no matter whether configuration parameters involve discrete, as in the Ising model, or continuous, as in Feynman diagrams or lattice path integrals, variables. Worm Algorithms allow one to sample efficiently configuration spaces with complex topology and non-local constraints which cause severe problems for Monte Carlo schemes based on local updates. They achieve this goal by working with the enlarged configuration space which includes configurations violating constraints present in the original formulation.
Fuzzy c-means clustering analysis of the EMG patterns of six major hand grasps

We seek to quantify the electromyographic similarities and differences between six major grasping patterns of the human hand: cylindrical, hook, palmar, lateral, spherical, and tip. Fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM) is a data reduction technique that allows continuous membership, on a [0,1] interval, of data points in the representative clusters. We found no grasp to be completely distinct from any other grasp, and found significant overlap of characteristics between several grasps. This overlap is quantified and discussed.