cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Process for Setting Research Priorities: A Case Study from the State Networks of Colorado Ambulatory Practices and Partners (SNOCAP) Consortium

Purpose: It is important to share processes that practice-based research networks (PBRNs) can implement with PBRN members and partners to determine research topics of priority. Engaging partners at a preproject phase and continuing engagement throughout a project can help address topics of great need and increase meaningfulness at a local level. Methods: The State Networks of Colorado Ambulatory Practices and Partners (SNOCAP) practice-based research network has a 20-year history of research topic prioritization. Annually, PBRN members and partners come together to set new priorities for SNOCAP to put focus on in the coming years. Methods from these Colorado PBRNs are shared as a framework for other PBRN networks, community and patient partners, and stakeholders to use. Results: Engaging PBRN members and researchers in a bidirectional manner in preproject prioritization helps address current needs and gaps in care and identifies topics that are meaningful and important statewide. SNOCAP shares various approaches and lessons learned, provides guidance to PBRNs wanting to establish priorities, and helps guide groups that want to engage, or engage more deeply with, network members. Priority setting methods, a sample agenda, and resulting SNOCAP projects from the past 5 years of prioritization are shared. Conclusions: Inquiry on a regular basis is an important step in practice- or community-based research. Getting to the local level to determine and fully address priority needs is not only “the right thing to do,” rather, it is essential in true bidirectional work.
Ensuring Marijuana Reform Is Effective Criminal Justice Reform

In less than a decade, marijuana legalization has gone from unthinkable to seemingly unstoppable. This essay — written for a special issue on improving Arizona’s criminal justice system — discusses how Arizona should best advance marijuana legalization so that it can significantly improve Arizona’s criminal justice system. Now that Arizona has legalized marijuana via ballot initiative, we do not wade too deeply into the arguments for and against legalization or the criminal justice impact inherent in the repeal of prohibition (such as reductions in marijuana arrests and sentences). Instead, we focus on steps that Arizona policymakers and advocates who are interested in improving the criminal justice system can take to ensure that legalization best advances this goal. First, we set the stage in Part I with a brief history of marijuana prohibition, its role in criminal enforcement today, and the movement to enact state legalization laws. In Part II, we turn our attention to Arizona, beginning with a description of marijuana reform efforts in Arizona and key facets of the Smart and Safe Arizona Act. We then provide recommendations for policymakers and other concerned parties about how to ensure modern marijuana reforms in Arizona (and elsewhere) can and should help build a reform infrastructure that could not only ensure record relief to redress past marijuana convictions but also address broader criminal justice issues that historically intersect with marijuana prohibition.
Ready to Meet God? Faithfulness and the Death of a Loved One.

Religiosity often predicts better adjustment after the death of a loved one, but findings vary. One source of variability could be the perceived faithfulness of the deceased. In study 1, more relig...
Multivariate returns to scale production frontiers

In this study, we develop multivariate returns to scale (MRTS) and illustrate the advantages of MRTS over the existing standard returns to scale (RTS) such as: constant RTS (CRS), variable RTS (VRS...
Forest Service Research on Structural Use of Wood

Current and recent research on structural use of wood at the Forest Products Laboratory of the Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, is reviewed briefly. Subjects covered include glued laminated, wood-plywood, and structural sandwich construction prestressing of wood beams, distribution of loads to bridge stringers, and fire and adhesives research.
Organic Certification and the Rationalization of Alternative Food and Agriculture: Sustainable Shrimp Farming in Indonesia

Alternative forms of food and agriculture have emerged in response to problems associated with industrialized food and agriculture. They consist of a variety of forms, including fair trade, organic agriculture, local markets, community-supported agriculture, and urban gardens. While the forms of alternative food and agriculture diverge, they generally share a common vision of sustainable, just, and ethical agriculture and safe and healthy food. Recently, alternative agrifood initiatives have proliferated and alternative forms of food and agriculture have become a significant component of the global agrifood system.
PLANCK Sorption Cooler Initial Compressor Element Performance

PLANCK is an ESA-led mission to map the cosmic microwave background using bolometric and heterodyne instruments; both instruments require cooling, one to ∼20K, the other to 0.1K. JPL is developing a sorption-based hydrogen cooler to provide 18–20 K cooling to the two instruments. The system mass and power limitations require tradeoffs in thermal design.
Automating Crowdsourcing Tasks in an Industrial Environment

Crowdsourcing based applications are starting to gain traction in industrial environments. Crowdsourcing research has proven that it is possible to get good quality labels at the fraction of the cost and time. However, implementing such applications at large scale requires new infrastructure. In this demo we present a system that allows the automation of crowdsourcing tasks for information retrieval experiments.
Bile formation and secretion.

Bile is a unique and vital aqueous secretion of the liver that is formed by the hepatocyte and modified down stream by absorptive and secretory properties of the bile duct epithelium. Approximately 5% of bile consists of organic and inorganic solutes of considerable complexity. The bile-secretory unit consists of a canalicular network which is formed by the apical membrane of adjacent hepatocytes and sealed by tight junctions. The bile canaliculi (∼1 μm in diameter) conduct the flow of bile countercurrent to the direction of portal blood flow and connect with the canal of Hering and bile ducts which progressively increase in diameter and complexity prior to the entry of bile into the gallbladder, common bile duct, and intestine. Canalicular bile secretion is determined by both bile salt-dependent and independent transport systems which are localized at the apical membrane of the hepatocyte and largely consist of a series of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transport proteins that function as export pumps for bile salts and other organic solutes. These transporters create osmotic gradients within the bile canalicular lumen that provide the driving force for movement of fluid into the lumen via aquaporins. Species vary with respect to the relative amounts of bile salt-dependent and independent canalicular flow and cholangiocyte secretion which is highly regulated by hormones, second messengers, and signal transduction pathways. Most determinants of bile secretion are now characterized at the molecular level in animal models and in man. Genetic mutations serve to illuminate many of their functions.
Neonatal infections caused by group B streptococci.

Abstract There is an apparent increase in the incidence of neonatal sepsis due to Group B streptococci. Eight infants have been admitted to the Children's Mercy Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit since January 1971, none prior to that time. Six cases occurred in the immediate newborn period; all infants died in spite of antibiotic therapy. The maternal vaginal flora revealed positive cultures for the organism in 7 of 8 cases. An increased awareness of the problem coupled with surveillance cultures of the vaginal flora are indicated to prevent the sepsis and manage the newborn infant effectively.
Causal Inference from Complex Longitudinal Data

The subject-specific data from a longitudinal study consist of a string of numbers. These numbers represent a series of empirical measurements. Calculations are performed on these strings of numbers and causal inferences are drawn. For example, an investigator might conclude that the analysis provides strong evidence for “a direct effect of AZT on the survival of AIDS patients controlling for the intermediate variable - therapy with aerosolized pentamidine.” The nature of the relationship between the sentence expressing these causal conclusions and the computer calculations performed on the strings of numbers has been obscure. Since the computer algorithms are well-defined mathematical objects, it is important to provide formal mathematical definitions for the English sentences expressing the investigator’s causal inferences.
Polar Lipids of Chromatium Strain D Grown at Different Light Intensities

The total amount and the composition of polar lipids of the photosynthetic bacterium Chromatium strain D grown in high (7,500 ft/c) and low (100 ft/c) incident white light were measured. Cells grown with low incident light as compared with cells grown in high incident light contained approximately 3.5 times more chlorophyll and contained significantly more internal membranes (chromatophores) as determined by electron microscopy. Nevertheless, there was approximately 40% more phospholipid in cells grown at 7,500 ft/c than in cells grown with 100 ft/c; the phospholipid composition of the cells was similar under both conditions of growth. These observations lead us to suggest that the organization and perhaps localization of the phospholipids in Chromatium may be dependent on the light intensity supplied during growth.
Effects of Bone Block Position and Orientation within the Tibial Tunnel for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Reconstructions: A Cyclic Loading Study of Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Allografts

BackgroundPosterior laxity occurring after posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a tibial tunnel could be related to thinning and permanent elongation of the graft as it is cyclically loaded in vivo.HypothesisThe orientation and position of the bone block within the tibial tunnel will have a significant effect on thinning and elongation of the graft after cyclic loading.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsIn test series 1 (27 fresh-frozen graft pairs), all bone blocks were positioned flush with the posterior opening of the tibial tunnel; 1 graft was oriented with the bone block facing posteriorly, whereas its pair was tested with the bone block facing anteriorly. In test series 2 (20 graft pairs), all grafts were oriented with the bone block facing posteriorly; 1 graft had the bone block positioned flush with the posterior tunnel opening, whereas its pair was tested with the bone block recessed 1 cm from the posterior opening.ResultsIn series 1, 3 of 27 grafts with posterior bone bloc...
Quantum-number exchanges at extremely high energies

We study systematically the high-energy behavior of backward Compton scattering and pair annihilation in massive quantum electrodynamics. For both of these processes (where a fermion is exchanged), we find, in the complex angular-momentum plane, a fixed cut with a simple pole coming out at a physical value of momentum transfer. These results are used to discuss possible behaviors, at extremely high energies, of hadronic processes with the exchange of quantum numbers.
β-Arrestin-mediated Recruitment of the Src Family Kinase Yes Mediates Endothelin-1-stimulated Glucose Transport

The insulin and the endothelin type A (ETA) receptor both can couple into the heterotrimeric G protein αq/11 (Gαq/11), leading to Gαq/11 tyrosine phosphorylation, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation, and subsequent stimulation of glucose transport. In this study, we assessed the potential role of Src kinase in ET-1 signaling to glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Src kinase inhibitor PP2 blocked ET-1-induced Src kinase activity, Gαq/11 tyrosine phosphorylation, and glucose transport stimulation. To determine which Src family kinase member was involved, we microinjected anti-c-Src, -c-Fyn, or -c-Yes antibody into these cells and found that only anti-c-Yes antibody blocked GLUT4 translocation (70% decreased). Overexpression or microinjection of a dominant negative mutant (K298M) of Src kinase also inhibited ET-1-induced Gαq/11 tyrosine phosphorylation and GLUT4 translocation. In co-immunoprecipitation experiments, we found that β-arrestin 1 associated with the ETA receptor in an agonist-dependent manner and that β-arrestin 1 recruited Src kinase to a molecular complex that included the ETA receptor. Microinjection of β-arrestin 1 antibody inhibited ET-1- but not insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. In conclusion, 1) the Src kinase Yes can induce tyrosine phosphorylation of Gαq/11in response to ET-1 stimulation, and 2) β-arrestin 1 and Src kinase form a molecular complex with the ETA receptor to mediate ET-1 signaling to Gαq/11 with subsequent glucose transport stimulation.
Pathophysiology of Vasopressin in Edematous Disorders

Sodium and water retention is characteristic of edematous disorders including cardiac failure, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome and pregnancy. In recent years the use of a sensitive radioimmunoassay for plasma vasopressin has implicated the role of nonosmotic vasopressin release in the water retention of these edematous disorders. In experimental studies and studies in humans it has been found that the nonosmotic release of vasopressin is consistently associated with activation of the sympathetic nervous and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems. Moreover, the sympathetic nervous system has been shown to be involved in the nonosmotic release of vasopressin (carotid and aortic baroreceptors) and activation of the renin-angiotensin system (renal beta-adrenergic receptors). These findings have led to our proposal that body fluid volume regulation involves the dynamic interaction between cardiac output and peripheral arterial resistance. In this context neither total extracellular fluid (ECF) volume nor blood volume are determinants of renal sodium and water excretion. Rather, renal sodium and water retention is initiated by either a fall in cardiac output (e.g. ECF volume depletion, low-output cardiac failure, pericardial tamponade or hypovolemic nephrotic syndrome) or peripheral arterial vasodilation (e.g. high-output cardiac failure, cirrhosis, pregnancy, sepsis, arteriovenous fistulae and pharmacologic vasodilators). With a decrease in effective arterial blood volume (EABV), initiated by either a fall in cardiac output or peripheral arterial vasodilation, the acute response involves vasoconstriction mediated by angiotensin, sympathetic mediators and vasopressin. The slower response to restoring EABV involves vasopressin-mediated water retention and aldosterone-mediated sodium retention. The renal vasoconstriction which accompanies those states that decrease EABV, by either decreasing cardiac output or causing peripheral arterial vasodilation, limits the distal tubular delivery of sodium and water thus maximizing the water-retaining effect of vasopressin and impairing the normal escape from the sodium-retaining effects of aldosterone. The elevated glomerular filtration rate and filtered sodium load in pregnancy allows increased distal sodium and water delivery in spite of a decrease in EABV, thus limiting edema formation during gestation.
The Importance of Autotroph Distribution to Mussel Growth in a Well-Mixed, Temperate Estuary

In this study, we explored the extent to which secondary production in a well-mixed estuary reflects local differences in biotic and physical characteristics of habitats, or larger-scale, estuary-wide characteristics governed by a freshwater-marine gradient. We addressed the following questions: To what extent do organic components of seston within habitats in an estuary reflect distributions of local autotrophs and to what extent do estuarine consumers such as sessile filter-feeders, respond to small-scale, local differences in habitat characteristics in a wellmixed estuary? We contrasted habitat quality and consumer growth at four sites within Padilla Bay estuary, Washington, representing the major autotrophic sources of organic carbon in Pacific Northwest estuaries (i.e., phytoplankton, eelgrass (Zostera marina), epibenthic and macro-algal species, and marsh macrophytes.) The natural abundances of stable carbon isotopes {ie898-1} were used to resolve origins of organic carbon in diets of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), a representative suspension feeder. To assess consumer responses to habitat, quality, we combined measures of sestonic food quantity and quality and physical parameters with in situ determination of mussel growth. We used measures of food quality {ie898-2} and consumer response (growth of transplanted mussels) to integrate the effects of high variability in estuarine physical and biological characteristics on primary and secondary production. Using ANOVA, we detected significant differences in the concentrations of sestonic food, seston composition as indicated by {ie898-3}, and mussel {ie898-4} values and growth rates among the four representative habitats. That significant differences in {ie898-5} values of mussel tissue corresponded to the significant differences in {ie898-6} values of local autotrophs and seston among habitats suggests that mussels in Padilla Bay rely primarily on local sources of carbon for food. Mussel growth throughout, the estuary was significantly correlated with both sestonic {ie898-7} and salinity. We conclude that differences in local seston composition and mussel growth rates reflect in part the heterogeneous, distribution of benthic primary producer habitats in Padilla Bay, despite its well-mixed nature. In addition, local differences in salinity levels, as opposed to the bay-wide freshwater-marine, gradient, explained a significant proportion of the variance in mussel growth within the bay. Our results counter the prediction that seston quality and consumer production are comparable throughout well-mixed estuaries, and suggest that the paradigm of physically and chemically determined gradients in estuarine secondary production needs to be broadened to include local biotic factors as well.
The nurse in modern pediatrics.

Resume La pediatric telle qu'on la pratique actuellement amene ceux qui l'exercent a s'interesser aux effets de la maladie et de l'hospitalisation sur le developpement physique, social et psychologique de l'enfant. Cette facon d'aborder la question fait surgir des exigences et des circonstances nouvelles en face de l'infirmiere, dans la mesure ou c'est elle qui est la personne qualifiee, susceptible de rester nuit et jour pres de l'enfant. Ses soins—baigner, nourrir et apaiser—sont maternels par nature. Si l'enfant mange, boit, se repose ou dort selon ses besoins, s'il prend les medicaments prescrits, c'est en grande partie grâce a l'aptitude de l'infirmiere a calmer ses peurs et a gagner sa confiance. C'est du domaine de l'infirmiere d'assurer un environnement sans menaces, qui permette a l'enfant de tolerer l'eloignement de la maison et de supporter les nausees, les douleurs ou l'immobilisation imposees par la maladie. Bien que les besoins fondamentaux de l'enfant malade soient les memes a tous les âges, l'importance de ces besoins et la facon dont on peut y satisfaire varient selon l'âge, le sexe, les capacites physiques et le developpement de la personnalite. Pendant la premiere annee de la vie, l'enfant a besoin d'etre traite de facon toujours egale, par la meme personne, pour que s'etablisse en lui une base de confiance. La meilleure facon d'y pervenir est d'admettre a l'hopital la mere avec son enfant malade. Dans ce cas, le role de l'infirmiere est change: au lieu d'etre la seule protectrice de l'enfant elle devient la personne sur laquelle la mere s'appuie pour poursuivre ou affermir ses soins maternels. Les tout petits sont egalement vulnerables a la separation d'avec leur mere pendant cette periode de leur vie ou s'etablit une certaine autonomie. Les enfants de trois, quatre ou cinq ans luttent pour faire face a leur maladie et a leur hospitalisation par le moyen du jeu, qui sert a l'enfant a maitriser les agressions. Toute intervention sur le corps est ressentie comme particulierement menacante a cet âge. L'enfant d'âge scolaire et l'adolescent ont une plus grande capacite pour supporter la maladie et l'hospitalisation, mais ils ont encore besoin de l'assistance d'infirmieres secourables en temps de crises telles que la mise en pratique de techniques nouvelles ou douloureuses ou le recours a la chirurgie. Les besoins de l'enfant pour son developpement se poursuivent malgre la maladie. L'infirmiere en pediatrie de notre temps, qui connaitra bien la question de la croissance et du developpement des enfants, les aidera, quel que soit leur âge, a faire face a l'experience de la maladie.
Desirability responses in the personality research form by a sample of alcoholics.

The Personality Research Form (PRF) was administered to 40 male alcoholics under standard instructions (SI) and instructions to respond desirably (DI). When instructional sets were compared, 13 of the 22 PRF scales were significantly different. It was concluded that faking attempts in the desirable direction though producing statistically significant differences in group means, may not produce differences that actually make a difference in a practical sense.
Relationship between regional spending on vascular care and amputation rate

Importance Although lower extremity revascularization is effective in preventing amputation, the relationship between spending on vascular care and regional amputation rates remains unclear. Objective To test the hypothesis that higher regional spending on vascular care is associated with lower amputation rates for patients with severe peripheral arterial disease. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cohort study of 18 463 US Medicare patients who underwent a major peripheral arterial disease–related amputation during the period between 2003 and 2010. Exposure Price-adjusted Medicare spending on revascularization procedures and related vascular care in the year before lower extremity amputation, across hospital referral regions. Main Outcomes and Measures Correlation coefficient between regional spending on vascular care and regional rates of peripheral arterial disease–related amputation. Results Among patients who ultimately underwent an amputation, 64% were admitted to the hospital in the year prior to the amputation for revascularization, wound-related care, or both; 36% were admitted only for their amputation. The mean cost of inpatient care in the year before amputation, including costs related to the amputation procedure itself, was $22 405, but it varied from $11 077 (Bismarck, North Dakota) to $42 613 (Salinas, California) ( P P P R = 0.38, P R = 0.10, P = .06). The regions that were most aggressive in the use of endovascular interventions were the regions that were most likely to have high spending ( R = 0.42, P = .002) and high amputation rates ( R = 0.40, P = .004). Conclusions and Relevance Regions that spend the most on vascular care perform the most procedures, especially endovascular interventions, in the year before amputation. However, there is little evidence that higher regional spending is associated with lower amputation rates. This suggests an opportunity to limit costs in vascular care without compromising quality.
958 A phase I study of amifostine (AMI) and escalating doses of taxol in patients (PTS) with advanced cancer

Ami proteets marrow and peripheral nervous system toxicity from alkylating agents and platinum analogs. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) from taxol include myelosuppression, neuropathy and myalgia/arthralgia. Preclinical data show Ami protection of taxol toxicity to human bone marrow (BM) without protection of ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo. In an ongoing Phase I trial, 30 min prior to taxol pts received 15 min iv infusion of 910 mg/m 2 amifostine. Following appropriate premeds, taxol 135 360 mg/m 2 as a 3 hr infusion wasto be given to groups of 3 pts to DLT. In addition to routine evaluation, all pts undergo neuro exam & functional neurologie testing including nerve conduction studies & EMG at baseline & every 3 cycles. To date 9 pts with diverse cancers received 26 cycles of 135, 200 & 270 mg/m 2 and a cumulative taxol dose up to 1500 mg/m 2 . Non-DLT transient grade 4 neutropenia was noted in 5 pts without complications, ≥ grade 2 neurotoxicity was not seen in any cycle, ≥ grade 3 myalgia/arthralgia was seen in 1/26 cycles. There has been minimal nausea and no vomiting; no pt had significant hypotension with Ami. Current taxol dose level is 270 mg/m 2 with escalation to 360 mg/m 2 testing Ami cytoprotection of high-dose taxol.
Megasonic cleaning, cavitation, and substrate damage: an atomistic approach

Megasonic cleaning has been a traditional approach for the cleaning of photomasks. Its feasibility as a damage free approach to sub 50 nm particulate removal is under investigation for the cleaning of optical and EUV photomasks. Two major mechanisms are active in a megasonic system, namely, acoustic streaming and acoustic cavitation. Acoustic streaming is instrumental in contaminant removal via application of drag force and rolling of particles, while cavitation may dislodge particles by the release of large energy during cavity implosion or by acting as a secondary source of microstreaming. Often times, the structures (substrates with or without patterns) subjected to megasonic cleaning show evidence of damage. This is one of the impediments in the implementation of megasonic technology for 45 nm and future technology nodes. Prior work suggests that acoustic streaming does not lead to sufficiently strong forces to cause damage to the substrates or patterns. However, current knowledge of the effects of cavitation on cleaning and damage can be described, at best, as speculative. Recent experiments suggest existence of a cavity size and energy distributions in megasonic systems that may be responsible for cleaning and damage. In the current work, we develop a two-dimensional atomistic model to study such multibubble cavitation phenomena. The model consists of a Lennard-Jones liquid which is subjected to sinusoidal pressure changes leading to the formation of cavitation bubbles. The current work reports on the effects of pressure amplitude (megasonic power) and frequency on cavity size distributions in vaporous and gaseous cavitation. The findings of the work highlight the role of multibubble cavitation as cleaning and damage mechanism in megasonic cleaning.
Ovarian steroid production in rats treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone during early pregnancy.

Abstract In the pregnant rat, luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the ovarian production of testosterone (T) which is aromatized to estradiol (E 2 ). E 2 promotes progesterone (P) synthesis by the ovary. To determine if the administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) disrupts pregnancy by suppressing ovarian steroid production, rats were treated on days 7–12 of pregnancy with 25, 50 or 100 μg/day of GnRH or 0.2, 1 or 5 μg/day of a GnRH agonist (GnRH-Ag). The higher two doses of GnRH or GnRH-Ag within 24 h suppressed peripheral levels of plasma P and terminated pregnancy within 48 h. By day 12, P levels in the ovarian vein in rats treated with GnRH or GnRH-Ag in respective doses were 2098 ± 261, 732 ± 437,110 ± 15, and 2575 ± 463,49 ± 9,43 ± 8 compared to 1833 ± 433 ng/ml in controls. Daily treatment of P (4mg) and E 2 (0.5 μg) simultaneously with GnRH-Ag at its maximum dose reversed the abortifacient effect of GnRH-Ag and maintained pregnancy. Peripheral levels of Plasma LH in all groups were higher than controls on days 10 and 12. Ovarian vein levels of T on days 10 or 12 of pregnancy were either not significantly different from controls (at 2703 ± 607 or 3249 ± 690 pg/ml, respectively) or increased dramatically to 9547 ± 1769 on day 10 and to 5985 ± 1426 pg/ml on day 12 in rats treated with 0.2 μg of GnRH-Ag. Similarly, ovarian vein levels of E 2 on days 10 or 12 were either not significantly different from controls (at 2022 ±227 or 2793 ± 184 pg/ml, respectively) or increased dramatically to 2980 ± 58 pg/ml on day 10 in rats treated with 25 μg of GnRH or to 3296 ± 241 on day 10 and to 3420 ± 325 pg/ml on day 12 in rats treated with 0.2 μg of GnRH-Ag. These results indicate that the abortifacient effect of GnRH administration in rats is not due to its effect on the uterus, but to its suppressive effects on ovarian P secretion. There was no evidence to show that a GnRH-induced fall in ovarian secretion of either T or E 2 were involved in this process.
Injury to neurovascular structures with insertion of traction pins around the knee

Objective Identify risk to neurovascular structures around the knee with placement of skeletal traction pins.
Fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes for bacteriochlorophyll c.

— Absorption and emission spectra of bacteriochlorophyll c dissolved in a variety of solvents were measured and fluorescence quantum yields determined from the integrated emission spectra. Values for the emission maxima calculated from the positions and bandwidths of the red absorption band using the Stepanov relationship agreed closely with the experimental values. Fluorescence quantum yields varied between 0.10 in methanol and 0.36 in tetrahydrofuran and in dibutylamine. Fluorescence lifetimes were also determined for bacteriochlorophyll c in four of the solvents, and ranged from 2.7 ns in methanol to 7.6 ns in dimethylsulfoxide.
Dynamic Meniscus Growth at a Scanning Probe Tip in Contact with a Gold Substrate

Environmental scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the dynamic meniscus growth at a cantilever in contact with a substrate. The meniscus was observed to take many minutes to reach an equilibrium state. The observed growth rate is similar to initial patterning rates observed from dip-pen nanolithography and suggest that the meniscus growth may be the rate-limiting step in initial pattering rates.
LEVELS OF DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE AND THE FORMATE-ACTIVATING ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN GUINEA PIG TISSUES BEFORE AND AFTER AMETHOPTERIN ADMINISTRATION.

Abstract Formate-activating enzyme activity and dihydrofolate reductase activity have been measured in the tissues of the guinea pig; the highest levels of these enzyme activities occur in the liver and kidney. After the administration of amethopterin, the liver and kidney retained this drug for at least 14 days, while bone marrow, small intestine, and spleen contained amounts not detectable by bioassay methods (less than 1 × 10−7 μmoles/mg protein in lysates). Dihydrofolate reductase activity in liver, kidney, spleen, bone marrow, and small intestine did not increase after amethopterin administration (5 mg/kg body weight given subcutaneously); however, a two- to four-fold increase was observed in circulating erythrocytes 7 to 21 days after the administration of the drug. Dietary deficiency of folate did not produce significant changes in the dihydrofolate reductase activity of liver, bone marrow, erythrocytes, or leukocytes of guinea pigs. The erythrocytes and leukocytes of various animal species have measurable levels of dihydrofolate reductase activity, except the erythrocytes of the dog and the red and white cells of man.
Texture Retention After Fabric-to-Fabric Abrasion

Changes in appearance brought about by mechanical abrasion may be evaluated with respect to changes in image texture properties, e.g., periodicity. This paper discusses the application of gray-scale image analysis to texture periodicity measurements in fabrics. The techniques described are appropriate for "ordered" textures with relatively well defined features such as the Miratec® class of fabrics. Our samples consist of three sets, a woven twill, a Miratec (nonwoven) twill, and a loosely bonded herringbone hydroentangled nonwoven. In general, our data show that mechanical wear may result in a decrease in texture definition and a tendency toward randomness. The Miratec fabric shows that at the same level of wear, the structure retains its appearance and exhibits no loss of texture.
Design of a Stirling Thermocompressor for a Pneumatically Actuated Ankle-Foot Orthosis

This paper presents the design, modeling, and simulated performance of a prototype Stirling thermocompressor. The thermocompressor is intended to be mounted on the back of a user’s lower leg and convert a hydrocarbon fuel source into 50 W of pneumatic power at 650 kPa to power an ankle foot orthosis. Consisting only of a displacer piston, the Stirling thermocompressor’s displacer piston motion is directly controlled by a brushless DC motor so that the frequency of operation can be tuned to output the maximum power. Simulation indicates that this operating frequency is influenced by the intended reservoir pressure and heat transfer properties of the thermocompressor.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Attentional bias to threat in social phobia: facilitated processing of threat or difficulty disengaging attention from threat?

Abstract There is a growing body of research pointing to the possibility that anxious individuals may have difficulty disengaging their attention from threat-relevant information when this information is task irrelevant (e.g., Amir and Elias, 2002 , Yiend and Mathews, 2001 ). In the current paper, we report a direct test of this hypothesis in individuals with social phobia. Participants performed a variation of the Posner paradigm ( Quart. J. Exp. Psycho. 32 (1980) 3 ). Social threat, neutral, or positive words cued one of two locations on the computer screen. After the cue disappeared, participants had to detect a probe (“∗”) that appeared in one of the two locations. On some trials the cue was valid (i.e., the probe appeared in the same location as the cue). On other trials the cue was invalid (the probe appeared in a different location than the cue). Yet, on other trials, no cue was presented. All participants were slower in detecting probes following invalid cues than probes following valid cues. Furthermore, individuals with social phobia showed significantly longer response latencies when detecting invalidly cued targets than did controls, but only when the probe followed a social threat word. These results suggest that individuals with social phobia may have difficulty disengaging their attention from socially threatening material.
Sexual Absorption of Vaginal Progesterone: A Randomized Control Trial

Objective. To determine if sexual intercourse reduces absorption of vaginal progesterone gel in women and to determine if progesterone is absorbed by the male during intercourse. Study Design. Prospective, randomized, cross over, controlled study of 20 reproductive-aged women and their male sexual partners randomized to receive vaginal progesterone gel (Crinone 8% gel, Actavis Inc., USA) or placebo cream. Serum progesterone for both male and female partners were measured 10 hours after intercourse. One week later, subjects were crossed over to receive the opposite formulation. In the third week, women used progesterone gel at night and abstained from intercourse. Results. Serum progesterone was significantly reduced with vaginal progesterone gel + intercourse compared with vaginal progesterone gel + abstinence (P = 0.0075). Men absorbed significant progesterone during intercourse with a female partner using vaginal progesterone gel compared to placebo (P = 0.0008). Conclusion(s). Vaginal progesterone gel is reduced in women after intercourse which may decrease drug efficacy during luteal phase support. Because men absorb low levels of progesterone during intercourse, exposure could cause adverse effects such as decreased libido. This study is registered under Clinical Trial number NCT01959464.
HYPERRENINEMIC ACUTE RENAL INSUFFICIENCY AND HYPERTENSION IN MINIMAL-LESION NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

A 16-year-old girl with recent onset of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) developed severe hypertension and sustained acute renal insufficiency (ARI) despite minimal lesion histology, treatment with albumin infusions, and absence of renal vein thrombosis. The nephrotic syndrome failed to respond to oral prednisone administration, “pulse” methylprednisoione, and cytotoxic agents. Peak BUN was 128 mg/dl; peak serum creatinine, 5.5 mg/dl. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was 49 ng/ml/hr. Plasma volume was 70% of normal. Elevated PRA was partially suppressed by albumin infusion. Azotemia persisted for 3 months. BUN declined to 18 mg/dl and serum creatinine to 1.8 mg/dl concurrent with tapering of prednisone dosage. We speculate that this oatient had incipient vasomotor nephropathy due to angiotensin-mediated renal vasoconstriction consequent to multiple factors: 1. corticosteroid-induced vascular sensitization to angiotensin (Am. J. Med. 58:216,1975): 2. hypovolemia; and 3. treatment with renin-raising drugs (hydralazine, furosemide). We suggest that patients with INS and ARI may benefit from treatment with an angiotensin-antagonist.
Responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and nitrogen supply of Quercus ilex L. seedlings from a coppice stand growing at a natural CO2 spring.

Des jeunes plants de Quercus ilex L., issus d'une population d'arbres ayant pousse dans une concentration elevee de CO 2 , ont ete exposes a deux concentrations en CO 2 (370 μmol mol -1 ou 520 μmol mol -1 ) en combinaison avec deux fertilisations du sol en azote (20 et 90 μmol mol -1 N total) dans des chambres a ciel ouvert pendant six mois. L'augmentation de concentration en CO 2 stimule la photosynthese et la respiration nocturne des feuilles independamment du traitement en azote. Les augmentations de photosynthese et de la respiration nocturne des feuilles ont ete associees a une reduction moderee de conductance stomatique, ayant pour resultat d'augmenter l'efficience transpiratoire instantanee des feuilles des jeunes plants cultives en CO 2 eleve. L'augmentation de concentration du CO 2 accroit la production de biomasse seulement dans le traitement eleve en azote. Le rapport des racines fines a la masse de feuillage a diminue avec le traitement en azote et a augmente avec l'enrichissement en CO 2 . La surface specifique de feuille (SLA) et les taux de la surface de feuille (LAR) ont diminue de maniere significative pour les feuilles des jeunes plants developpes sous une concentration elevee de CO 2 , independamment du traitement en azote. La concentration en azote des feuilles a diminue de maniere significative dans le traitement eleve en CO 2 , independamment du traitement en azote. En raison des configurations des concentrations d'azote et de carbone, le taux C/N a augmente avec le traitement eleve en CO 2 et diminue avec l'apport d'azote. Dans l'apres-midi, les concentrations en amidon des feuilles n'ont pas augmente de maniere significative avec l'augmentation du CO 2 , comme pour les concentrations en amidon dans le cas du traitement limite en azote du matin. Les concentrations en amidon dans les feuilles, la tige et les racines ont augmente dans le cas du traitement avec une concentration elevee en CO 2 et diminue avec l'apport en azote. Les concentrations en sucre n'ont pas ete affectees sensiblement par les traitements de CO 2 ou de N. Les concentrations phenoliques foliaires totales ont diminue pour les jeunes plants qui ont pousse dans le traitement en O 2 eleve, independamment du traitement en N. Nous concluons que la disponibilite en azote dans le sol jouera un role majeur dans l'etablissement et la croissance de Q. ilex dans un environnement caracterise par un accroissement de la concentration en CO 2 dans l'air.
Sleep in Industrialized Settings in the Northern Hemisphere

Daily time-budget activity reports on more than 30,000 individuals in urban-industrial sites in 11 countries have been published. This is an analysis of the data on sleep patterns. The amount of sl...
Does a light beam of very narrow bandwidth always behave as a monochromatic beam

Abstract We show by analyzing coherence and polarization properties of narrow-band stochastic electromagnetic beams that a light beam of a very narrow bandwidth does not necessarily behave as a monochromatic beam with regards to its coherence and polarization properties. Our analysis also provides a new insight into the relation between the theories of coherence and polarization in the space–time domain and in the space-frequency domain.
Human Rights Violations Among Bhutanese Refugees

WHILE WORKING in Kathmandu between November 1994 and January 1995,I visited the Bhutanese refugee camps in the Jhapa and Morang Districts of eastern Nepal (Figure) at the request of the Physicians for Human Rights. I found a situation there that cries out for a constructive solution. Housed in endless rows of split bamboo huts were 88 000 Nepali-speaking former residents of southern Bhutan. As of August 1995, there were 88 624 refugees in the camps. 1 The population increases about 2% to 3% per year as the result of births in the camps and further migration from Bhutan to unify families. An additional 30000 refugees are scattered throughout northern India. The spectrum of medical problems in the camps is fairly typical of refugee populations, according to Martin et al who performed infectious disease surveillance during 1992 and 1993. 2 These investigators recorded crude mortality rates of 1.15 deaths per 10
Superfast algorithms for Cauchy-like matrix computations and extensions

Abstract An effective algorithm of [M. Morf, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 1974; in: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on ASSP, IEEE Computer Society Press, Silver Spring, MD, 1980, pp. 954–959; R.R. Bitmead and B.D.O. Anderson, Linear Algebra Appl. 34 (1980) 103–116] computes the solution x → =T −1 b → to a strongly nonsingular Toeplitz or Toeplitz-like linear system T x → = b → , a short displacement generator for the inverse T −1 of T , and det T . We extend this algorithm to the similar computations with n×n Cauchy and Cauchy-like matrices. Recursive triangular factorization of such a matrix can be computed by our algorithm at the cost of executing O (nr 2 log 3 n) arithmetic operations, where r is the scaling rank of the input Cauchy-like matrix C (r=1 if C is a Cauchy matrix). Consequently, the same cost bound applies to the computation of the determinant of C , a short scaling generator of C −1 , and the solution to a nonsingular linear system of n equations with such a matrix C . (Our algorithm does not use the reduction to Toeplitz-like computations.) We also relax the assumptions of strong nonsingularity and even nonsingularity of the input not only for the computations in the field of complex or real numbers, but even, where the algorithm runs in an arbitrary field. We achieve this by using randomization, and we also show a certain improvement of the respective algorithm by Kaltofen for Toeplitz-like computations in an arbitrary field. Our subject has close correlation to rational tangential (matrix) interpolation under passivity condition (e.g., to Nevanlinna–Pick tangential interpolation problems) and has further impact on the decoding of algebraic codes.
Calcium uptake and release characteristics of the dense tubules of digitonin-permeabilized human platelets

The kinetics of ATP-driven Ca2+ uptake by the dense tubules were studied in digitonin-permeabilized human blood platelets. Digitonin at 3 micrograms/ml was shown capable of permeabilizing the plasma membrane to lactate dehydrogenase and the cytoplasmic Ca2+ indicator Quin2 without increasing the passive permeability of the dense tubular membrane for Ca2+. Experimentation was carried out with platelets treated with 3 micrograms/ml digitonin reisolated and resuspended in detergent-free medium ('digitonin-permeabilized' platelets). Active Ca2+ accumulation, which occurs over a period of minutes, was monitored by the increase in the fluorescence of chlorotetracycline after the addition of Mg-ATP (37 degrees C). The active uptake is inhibited by 15 microM trifluoperazine. The process is saturable with respect to external [Ca2+], with a Km of 180 +/- 5 nM and a Hill coefficient (n) of 1.40 +/- 0.05. Analysis of the maximal uptake in steady state gave similar results (Km = 160 +/- 5 nM, n = 1.50 +/- 0.05). The rate of uptake at [Ca2+] approximately Km is increased when the digitonin-permeabilized platelets are preincubated with 100 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Actively accumulated Ca2+ is rapidly released (less than 1 min) by addition of D-myo-inositol trisphosphate (IP3). The maximal extent of release is 50%; the EC50 for IP3 is approx. 12 microM. The data are compared with findings for fractionated dense tubular membrane vesicles and for the intact platelet.
Space Vector PWM Method for Five-Phase Two-Level VSI With Minimum Harmonic Injection in the Overmodulation Region

In this paper, a novel solution to the space vector modulation (SVM) of a five-phase voltage-source inverter (VSI) in the overmodulation region is presented. The method is based on an explicit minimization of the harmonic injected to overmodulate a voltage, which is achieved by using all the degrees of freedom provided by the SVM in a five-phase VSI. The performance and feasibility of the method are evaluated through simulations and experiments. Furthermore, the experimental results are compared with those of other methods of overmodulation found in the literature, showing the superior performance of the proposed method in terms of the amplitude of the harmonic injection required to achieve maximum dc-link voltage utilization.
Multiway Analysis of bridge structural types in the National Bridge Inventory (NBI): A tensor decomposition approach

The National Bridge Inventory (NBI) has detailed information on over 600,000 bridges nationwide. The data, which spans a period of more than 20 years can be very useful for analyzing and modeling bridge performance. Previous analysis methods employ a 2-dimensional view of data which may result in the loss of subtle trends and changes in the data. Bridge data is inherently multidimensional and as such there is an added advantage in analyzing it in its natural multidimensional state. This paper focuses on the use of a multiway data analysis approach known as tensor decomposition to analyze the structural deficiency rate with respect to states, bridge structural types and time. The tensor decomposition approach is able to reveal clusters and patterns which are not easily perceptible when using conventional statistical tools.
Psychosocial Aspects of Body Mass and Body Image Among Rural American Indian Adolescents

This study examines the psychosocial risks associated with body weight (BMI) and body image in a southeastern, rural Lumbee American Indian community. A total of 134 adolescents (57% female) were surveyed over 2 years at ages of 13 and 15 years. On average, boys (55%) were more likely to be overweight or obese than were girls (31%). BMI was related to a variety of weight control efforts including onset and frequency of smoking, dieting, and body dissatisfaction. Body dissatisfaction was associated with peer relations, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and somatization in adolescence. Longitudinally, psychological health, peer competence, and ethnic identity were associated with positive body image. In boys, early ethnic identification was associated with the development of later body image. Implications of findings for ethnic- and gender-specific interventions are discussed.