cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A GPU-accelerated adaptive kernel density estimation approach for efficient point pattern analysis on spatial big data

ABSTRACTKernel density estimation (KDE) is a classic approach for spatial point pattern analysis. In many applications, KDE with spatially adaptive bandwidths (adaptive KDE) is preferred over KDE with an invariant bandwidth (fixed KDE). However, bandwidths determination for adaptive KDE is extremely computationally intensive, particularly for point pattern analysis tasks of large problem sizes. This computational challenge impedes the application of adaptive KDE to analyze large point data sets, which are common in this big data era. This article presents a graphics processing units (GPUs)-accelerated adaptive KDE algorithm for efficient spatial point pattern analysis on spatial big data. First, optimizations were designed to reduce the algorithmic complexity of the bandwidth determination algorithm for adaptive KDE. The massively parallel computing resources on GPU were then exploited to further speed up the optimized algorithm. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed optimizations effectivel...
Examining the Privacy of Login Credentials Using Web-Based Single Sign-on - Are We Giving Up Security and Privacy for Convenience?

There is a drastic increase in the amount of individuals that have access to the World Wide Web in order to complete daily tasks. Many of these tasks include keeping up with friends by using social media, checking bank account statements, and transferring files to colleagues all over the world. This ubiquitous tool has virtually revolutionized our entire daily life activities, as we know it. With the introduction of mobile smartphones and other digital advancements, a number of debates have been raised regarding security and privacy issues. A number of which have seamlessly stemmed from the trade-offs between privacy and convenience. With the boom of web services and social media, Web-based Single Sign-on (SSO) schemes are being deployed and used by individuals all over the world. This raises concerns that could potentially allow users to give up on their privacy and security personal credentials for convenience. This paper will take a look into the popular Web-based SSO system security posture. A survey was conducted in order to examine the usage and understanding of individuals utilizing these convenient and precarious schemes. The use of this study will ultimately aid in answering the underlying question: are we as a society slowly giving up security and privacy for convenience?
The Edwards Accelerator Laboratory at Ohio University

Abstract The Edwards Accelerator Laboratory at Ohio University is the hub for a vibrant program in low energy nuclear physics. Research performed with the lab's 4.5MV tandem accelerator spans a variety of topics, including nuclear astrophysics, nuclear structure, nuclear energy, homeland security, and materials science. The Edwards Lab hosts a variety of capabilities, including unique features such as the beam swinger with neutron time-of-flight tunnel and the integrated condensed matter physics facility, enabling experiments to be performed with low-to-medium mass stable ion beams using charged-particle, gamma, and neutron spectroscopy. This article provides an overview of the current and near-future research program in low energy nuclear physics at Ohio University, including a brief discussion of the present and planned technical capabilities.
A NEW APPROACH TO CALCULATING THE NUCLEAR FORCE

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a new approach to calculate the nuclear force. The idea is to calculate the wave function for one of the two nucleons off shell, the other nucleon being on shell. That wave function is of interest because it contributes to the nucleon pole contributions to backward p-d scattering and to the electro- and photo-disintegration of the deuteron. Furthermore, the particular amplitude is ideal for treating the impulse approximation in which one particle is the spectator and remains close to its mass shell. The potentials calculated from model contain velocity operators and L·S terms. The velocity dependent terms are eliminated using the effective mass transformation and the resulting potentials are adjusted.
Ciliary and flagellar motility and the nexin-dynein regulatory complex

Abstract Nexin was first identified in electron microscope images of axonemes as a linker that repeats every 96 nm between adjacent outer doublet microtubules. The nexin links are thought to be protease-sensitive structures that limit microtubule sliding during the ciliary beat cycle. The dynein regulatory complex (DRC) was first described in genetic screens for suppressor mutations that restore motility to paralyzed radial spoke (RS) or central pair (CP) mutants. The DRC is thought to identify intermediates in the signaling pathway between the CP, RS, and dynein arms. Cryo-electron tomography of drc mutant axonemes revealed that the DRC is located within the nexin link, in close proximity to RS2 and a calmodulin spoke complex, and also serves as an adaptor that stabilizes the assembly of several inner arm dyneins. Recent studies have identified at least 11 DRC subunits and several other N-DRC-associated proteins. The implications of these findings for future studies of ciliary motility are discussed.
The Perceptual Computer: the Past, Up to the Present, and Into the Future

This article is an overview of the perceptual computer (Per-C) and summarizes developments about it for three time frames: the past (prior to 2010), up to the present (2010–2016), and into the future (2017–). It explains what the Per-C is and locates it in the Venn diagram of computing with words (CWW) in both its Intermediate CWW and Advanced CWW sectors. For the first two time frames, the article focuses on what has been done for the three component blocks of the Per-C, namely its encoder, CWW engine, and decoder. For the third time frame it focuses on what needs to be done for those three component blocks. It also gives brief summaries of published applications for the Per-C for the first two time frames. Readers who are interested in potential research topics will be most interested in the time frame (2017–).
Ultraviolet-induced pyrimidine dimers in Tetrahymena pyriformis: II. In vivo photoreactivation

Abstract The disappearance of thymine-containing pyrimidine dimers in the DNA of ultraviolet-irradiated Tetrahymena pyriformis has been observed after exposure to visible and near-ultraviolet light. Loss of dimers could be obtained with monochromatic light from 3341 A to 4358 A with a maximum rate at 3650 A. The rate of disappearance of pyrimidine dimers was found to be temperature dependent. These studies indicate that the disappearance of pyrimidine dimers is due to monomerization by an enzymic process similar to that reported for other biological systems. However, doses of photoreactivating light that monomerize a small fraction of the dimers greatly reduce the ultraviolet-induced delay in cell division, suggesting that this reduction may not be a consequence of pyrimidine-dimer monomerization.
Finding the Minimal Change in a Given Tree

It is a common task in biology to determine the genealogy of species, populations, people, or genes and estimate the condition of the ancestral forms. That is often done for molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. There are many procedures. I address here only the parsimony procedures which ask, “ How can I account for the descent of these various sequences from a common ancestor with the fewest number of changes?” The general problem being addressed is as follows. One has a set of s sequences, each sequence being a linear string of letters from some alphabet. In molecular biology the sequences are either proteins, of which there are 20 letters (amino acids), or nucleic acids, of which there are 4 letters (nucleotides). We assume that the sequences have been aligned by some method so that they are all of the same length, t. It is assumed that these s sequences arose from a common ancestral sequence by a branching process that is properly described as a strictly bifurcating tree, that is, as a graph in which there is one and only one path connecting any two nodes on the tree. The tree has s tips (exterior nodes of degree one), one for each of the s sequences and s — 2 interior nodes of degree three, plus one node of degree two, called the root, that is the ultimate ancestor, the node at which the branching process began. The edges connecting two adjacent nodes are called branches. The task is to discover for any given tree topology, the minimum amount of change, and its nature, on each branch.
Potassium and sodium current noise from squid axon membranes

Current noise under voltage clamp has been measured from the giant axon of Loligo vulgaris. Relatively large areas (up to 0.4 cm2) were used for these measurements, under standard space clamped conditions. Current noise spectral densities were studied in the range of 0 to 20 C, -100 to -40 mV and in normal, tetrodotoxin, and tetraethylammonium ion solutions. Three components of current noise were found, l/f-noise, and a K and a Na component.—DeFelice, L. J., E. Wanke And F. Conti. Potassium and sodium current noise from squid axon membranes. Federation Proc. 34: 1338–1342, 1975.
N -Particle Systems

Newton’s first and second laws really refer only to particles, for they make no reference to properties like size, elasticity, and internal angular momentum. The objects described by these laws have only mass and position. The properties of extended objects must be included in the theory by a process of summation or integration. In physics generally there are two situations of special interest: where the bodies are few in number, say up to 4 or 5, and where there are about 1023 of them. The situations are very different, starting with the kind of question one wishes to ask — macroscopic quantities like pressure, temperature and density have no counterparts in a few-body system. If one is thinking about a rigid solid one must decide what rigidity means; if the solid is elastic there are assumptions to be made concerning the nature of its elasticity. In Sect. 4.6 an elementary calculation in hydrodynamics will require four assumptions in addition to the assumption that a small element of the fluid obeys Newton’s second law. Except for Sects. 4.5 and 4.6 this chapter will be concerned with the simplest cases, in which the N particles can be considered one at a time, each one obeying Newton’s laws. Rigid and elastic bodies will be discussed in Chaps. 8 and 9.
Association of R6K plasmid replicative intermediates with the folded chromosome of Escherichiacoli

Abstract When Escherichia coli strain CSH50(R6K) is lysed so as to preserve the folded chromosome structure approximately 9 of the 11 R6K molecules maintained per chromosomal equivalent cosediment with the host nucleoid on a neutral sucrose gradient; the remaining 2 plasmids sediment at their normal rate. When cells are briefly labeled with [3H]thymidine, the majority of plasmid replicative intermediates and nascent mature plasmids are found in the plasmid subpopulation that cosediments with host folded chromosomes. This finding suggests that plasmid replication occurs in a restricted cellular locus, perhaps even while in association with its host's folded chromosome.
Campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni. A cause of diarrhea in a patient with a continent ileostomy.

This report describes a patient with a continent ileostomy who hadCampylobacter fetus subspjejuni diarrhea. This is the first documentation of the organism in a patient with an ileal reservoir who was experiencing diarrhea.
Development of anti-icing airfield pavement using surface-embedded heat wire

Snow and ice pose a significant risk for aircraft ground operation safety. Ploughing and chemical treatment are used for snow removal, but yield long-term detrimental impacts to the airfield infras...
Protocol for a systematic review of randomized trials of knee arthroplasty decision aids and shared decision-making approaches.

Shared decision-making is an approach to making treatment-based decisions that rely on the patient encounter and clear discussions between the patient and the healthcare provider. Patients with arthritis of the knee frequently seek care, and depending on arthritis severity and impact on daily life, joint arthroplasty may be considered as a treatment option. We will conduct a systematic review of shared decision-making trials in knee arthroplasty to determine the types of shared decision-making approaches used and their impact on care received. Our systematic review will describe and critically appraise shared decision approaches used in randomized trials of patients undergoing knee arthroplasty, the types of outcomes reported, and the impact of these approaches on the patients’ care. We will use the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library, from inception through December 2018. Additionally, we will assess ongoing research by querying experts and searching trial registries. This study will characterize shared decision-making (SDM) approaches in knee arthroplasty randomized clinical trials and will summarize their effects of SDM on clinical and patient-reported outcomes. We anticipate this review will bring to light knowledge gaps and inform further research into the design and use of shared decision-making approaches in lower extremity arthroplasty. PROSPERO CRD42019123586
Rhodium(II)-catalyzed decomposition of vinyldiazomethanes in the presence of 1,2-dihydropyridines: Synthesis of the 6-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane nucleus

Abstract A series of functionalized 6-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonadienes was synthesized via rhodium(II)-catalyzed decomposition of vinyldiazomethanes in the presence of substituted dihydropyridines. The regioselectivity of the reaction was shown to be highly dependent on the steric bulk of the catalyst as well as the structure of the vinyldiazomethane. Each regioisomer was elaborated into higher homologs of ferruginine ( 1, 2 ).
A real-time machine learning-based disruption predictor in DIII-D

A disruption prediction algorithm, named DPRF (Disruption Prediction using Random Forests), has run in real-time in the DIII-D plasma control system (PCS) over more than 900 discharges. DPRF naturally provides a probability mapping associated to its predictions, i.e. the disruptivity signal, now incorporated in the DIII-D PCS. This paper discusses disruption prediction accomplishments in terms of shot-by-shot performances, by simulating alarms on each discharge as in the PCS framework. Depending on the optimised performance metric chosen to evaluate DPRF, we find that almost all disruptive discharges are detected in average with few hundred of milliseconds of warning time, but this comes at a high cost of false alarms produced. Performances are not satisfying ITER requirements, where the success rate has to be higher than 95%, but this is not completely unexpected. DPRF is trained on many years of major disruptions occurring during the flattop phase of the plasma current on DIII-D, but without any differentiation by cause. Furthermore, we find that DPRF is affected by a relatively high fraction of false alarms occurring during the first 500 milliseconds from the flattop onset. This subtle effect, more evident on the discharges where DPRF ran in real-time, can be marginalized by taking specific precautions on the validity range of the predictions, and performances do improve. Even if presently burdened by some limitations, DPRF provides an incredible and novel advantage. Thanks to the feature contribution analysis (e.g., the identification of which signals contributed to triggering an alarm), it is possible to interpret and explain DPRF predictions. It is the first time that such interpretability features is exploited by a disruption predictor: by uncovering the disruption events' causes, a better understanding of disruption dynamics is achieved, and a clear path toward the design of disruption avoidance strategies can be provided.
Recognition of histone H3 methylation states by the PHD1 domain of histone demethylase KDM5A

PHD reader domains are chromatin binding modules often responsible for the recruitment of large protein complexes that contain histone modifying enzymes, chromatin remodelers and DNA repair machinery. A majority of PHD domains recognize N-terminal residues of histone H3 and are sensitive to the methylation state of Lys4 in histone H3 (H3K4). Histone demethylase KDM5A, an epigenetic eraser enzyme that contains three PHD domains, is often overexpressed in various cancers and its demethylation activity is allosterically enhanced when its PHD1 domain is bound to the H3 tail. The allosteric regulatory function of PHD1 expands roles of reader domains, suggesting unique features of this chromatin interacting module. Our previous studies determined the H3 binding site of PHD1, although it remains unclear how the H3 tail interacts with the N-terminal residues of PHD1 and how PHD1 discriminates against H3 tails with varying degrees of H3K4 methylation. Here we have determined the solution structure of apo and H3 bound PHD1. We observe conformational changes occurring in PHD1 in order to accommodate H3, which interestingly binds in a helical conformation. We also observe differential interactions of binding residues with differently methylated H3K4 peptides (me0, me1, me2 or me3), providing a rational for this PHD1 domain9s preference for lower methylation states of H3K4. We further assessed the contributions of various H3 interacting residues in the PHD1 domain to the binding of H3 peptides. The structural information of the H3 binding site could provide useful information to aid development of allosteric small molecule modulators of KDM5A.
Tracking seasonal activity of the western blacklegged tick across California

Understanding seasonal patterns of activity, or phenology, of vector species is fundamental to determining seasonality of disease risk and epidemics of vector‐borne disease. Spatiotemporal variation in abiotic conditions can influence variation in phenological patterns and life history events, which can dramatically influence the ecological role and human impact of a species. For arthropod vectors of human diseases such as ticks, these phenological patterns determine human exposure risk, yet how abiotic conditions interact to determine suitable conditions for host‐seeking of vector species is difficult to disentangle. Here, we use MaxEnt to model spatial patterns and differences in host‐seeking phenology of the western blacklegged tick (Ixodes pacificus) in California using spatially and temporally refined adult tick occurrence data and similarly refined climate and environmental data. We empirically validate the model using phenological data from field studies conducted at sites across California's latitudinal gradient. We find adult tick host‐seeking activity varies substantially throughout the year, as well as across the large latitudinal gradient in the state. Suitable conditions for host‐seeking are found earlier in fall and later in the spring in northern than in southern California. These seasonal patterns are primarily associated with monthly precipitation, minimum winter temperature, and winter precipitation, with maximum monthly temperature possibly playing a more prominent role in limiting host‐seeking activity earlier in the spring in southern than northern California. Synthesis and applications. Modelling the seasonal activity of the western blacklegged tick, we find both a longer window for host‐feeding and more protracted risk of human exposure to this vector species in northern than southern California. We further identify key environmental factors associated with these patterns, including precipitation and temperature that are otherwise challenging to elucidate in field and laboratory studies over large spatial scales. Moreover, we illustrate how species distribution models, in combination with temporally refined species occurrence and environmental data, can be used to investigate environmental factors predictive of geographic variation in seasonality or phenology of vector species. This produces not only novel ecological insight, but key information for public health practitioners in managing vector‐borne disease transmission and targeting public outreach and interventions.
Stravinsky's "Great Passacaglia": Recurring Elements in the Concerto for Piano and Wind Instruments

Stravinsky's ‘Great Passacaglia’ marks the first full-length analytic study devoted to the Concerto for Piano and Wind Instruments, an important neoclassic piece composed by one of the most influential composers of the twentieth century. Donald Traut examines the complex significance of this piece for Stravinsky and his contemporaries. For the composer, the Concerto was both a major artistic accomplishment in his burgeoning neoclassic style and a vehicle for financial gain as a touring soloist, an endeavor that took him throughout Europe and was instrumental in bringing him to America for the first time. For many of Stravinsky's critics it came to represent all that was wrong with his new style, while for others it pointed the way forward through the past, taking on an important role in the Bach revival of the 1920s. By combining sketch studies, musicological context, and straightforward analyses of all three movements, the book paints a comprehensive picture of the piece's creation, impact, and structure that will be of interest not only to musicologists and music theorists, but to pianists, conductors, and concert-goers as well.Donald Traut is associate professor of music theory at the University of Arizona.
Priapism from Recreational Intracavernosal Injections in a High-Risk Metropolitan Community.

Abstract Introduction Recreational use of intracavernosal injections (ICIs) is a high-risk behavior that involves sharing of these agents by men without physician regulation. Aim To characterize the etiologies and outcomes of priapism at a Los Angeles metropolitan medical center to better understand patterns of usage of recreational ICIs and the public health implications of such practices. Methods With institutional review board approval, we retrospectively reviewed all cases of priapism presenting to the emergency room of a Los Angeles tertiary medical center from 2010 to 2018. We compared outcomes between patients who presented with priapism after recreational ICI and patients who presented with other etiologies. Main Outcome Measure We describe patient characteristics, etiologies, and treatments of priapism at our institution. Results We identified 169 priapism encounters by 143 unique patients. Recreational ICIs accounted for 82 of the 169 priapism encounters (49%). Patients who used recreational injections were younger than those who presented with other etiologies (43.5 years vs 47.5 years; P = .048) and had delayed presentations (median, 12 hours vs 8 hours; P Clinical Implications Our study adds to the relatively sparse literature on priapism outcomes. We identify and describe a high-risk population that uses recreational intracavernosal injections. Strengths & Limitations To our knowledge, this is the largest series of priapism encounters. However, the data are retrospective from a single institution, and there is a lack of long-term follow up. Conclusion A large proportion of priapism visits at our institution were attributed to recreational use of ICIs. This is a high-risk patient population that may not be aware of the risks of recreational ICIs and the consequences of priapism. Further effort should be made to increase public and physician awareness of this harmful practice. Zhao H, Berdahl C, Bresee C, et al. Priapism from Recreational Intracavernosal Injections in a High-Risk Metropolitan Community. J Sex Med 2019;16:1650–1654.
Wave propagation in reconfigurable magneto-elastic kagome lattice structures

The paper discusses the wave propagation characteristics of two-dimensional magneto-elastic kagome lattices. Mechanical instabilities caused by magnetic interactions are exploited in combination with particle contact to bring about changes in the topology and stiffness of the lattices. The analysis uses a lumped mass system of particles, which interact through axial and torsional elastic forces as well as magnetic forces. The propagation of in-plane waves is predicted by applying Bloch theorem to lattice unit cells with linearized interactions. Elastic wave dispersion in these lattices before and after topological changes is compared, and large differences are highlighted.
A Directed Route to Colloidal Nanoparticle Synthesis of the Copper Selenophosphate Cu3PSe4

The first colloidal nanoparticle synthesis of the copper selenophosphate Cu3 PSe4 , a promising new material for photovoltaics, is reported. Because the formation of binary copper selenide impurities seemed to form more readily, two approaches were developed to install phosphorus bonds directly: 1) the synthesis of molecular P4 Se3 and subsequent reaction with a copper precursor, (P-Se)+Cu, and 2) the synthesis of copper phosphide, Cu3 P, nanoparticles and subsequent reaction with a selenium precursor, (Cu-P)+Se. The isolation and purification of Cu3 P nanoparticles and subsequent selenization yielded phase-pure Cu3 PSe4 . Solvent effects and Se precursor reactivities were elucidated and were key to understanding the final reaction conditions.
Pharmacy Personnel's Involvement in Transitions of Care of Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Systematic Review.

Objective:Do pharmacy personnel- (ie, pharmacist or pharmacy technician) driven interventions at transitions of care into or out of the intensive care unit (ICU) improve medication safety measures ...
Modeling, Characterizing, and Testing a Simple, Smooth Negative-Stiffness Device to Achieve Apparent Weakening

AbstractApparent weakening is the softening of a structure’s apparent stiffness by adding negative stiffness to the overall system, which has the benefit of reducing the peak accelerations and base...
Measuring public preferences between health and social care funding options

Abstract Background and objectives Additional funding will be needed to meet the growing demand for health and social care in the UK. What is the most acceptable way to raise it? Options range from taxation to mandatory insurance, voluntary insurance and user charges. We sought to analyse the preferences of the UK general public. Methods An online quantitative survey embedded within a DCE was undertaken with a representative sample of 2,756 members of the public in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, recruited from a survey panel. The DCE was designed on the basis of detailed background research including focus groups and cognitive interviews. The survey also collected information on respondents', age, health state, experience of health and social care, income, employment status and education; and tested respondents’ knowledge and awareness of National Health Service (NHS) and social care funding levels and sources. From the DCE data we developed models to understand the influence that differences in attributes had on the propensity to choose funding mechanisms. Results From the scaled MNL model results, all sections of the public – across age groups, income groups, employment status, health status and countries of the UK – would like additional funding for adult social care to be raised in the same way as additional NHS funding. Specifically, the public prefer a collective rather than individualistic approach to raising additional funds; and preferably a progressive system. All age groups prefer that contributions should not differ by age per se. Raising additional funds should for preference be by a public, not a private, organisation. There is support for earmarking the funds raised to only be used for health care or social care. Preferences are very similar across the four UK countries, once age and socioeconomic characteristics are controlled for. Conclusions This research provides novel evidence to help policy makers understand the relative public acceptability of different options for raising additional funds for health and adult social care in the UK. We find uniformity of preferences across the UK countries and across sub-groups of the population.
Temperature Measurement at Well-Child Visits in the United States.

Objective To determine the frequency and predictors of temperature measurement at well-child visits in the US and report rates of interventions associated with visits at which temperature is measured and fever is detected. Study design In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed 22 518 sampled well-child visits from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey between 2003 and 2015. We estimated the frequency of temperature measurement and performed multivariable regression to identify patient, provider/clinic, and seasonal factors associated with the practice. We described rates of interventions (complete blood count, radiograph, urinalysis, antibiotic prescription, and emergency department/hospital referral) by measurement and fever (temperature ≥100.4 °F, ≥38.0 °C) status. Results Temperature was measured in 48.5% (95% CI 45.6-51.4) of well-child visits. Measurement was more common during visits by nonpediatric providers (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.6-2.5; reference: pediatricians), in Hispanic (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6-2.3) and Black (aOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2-1.9; reference: non-Hispanic White) patients, and in patients with government (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.7-2.4; reference: private) insurance. Interventions were more commonly pursued when temperature was measured (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6) and fever was detected (aOR 3.8, 95% CI 1.5-9.4). Conclusions Temperature was measured in nearly one-half of all well-child visits. Interventions were more common when temperature was measured and fever was detected. The value of routine temperature measurement during well-child visits warrants further evaluation.
The Myth of Richard Kahn and the Multiplier: Keynes, Not Kahn, Created the Multiplier Concept in 1921 in His a Treatise on Probability and Taught Kahn How to Write His June, 1931 Economic Journal Paper

The myth that R. Kahn taught J M Keynes the multiplier,so that without Kahn’s contribution,there would have been no possibility of Keynes having written the General Theory in 1936,like the myth that there is no IS-LM mathematical model in the General Theory , can be traced to deliberate canards made by Joan Robinson repeatedly in her life time. Keynes exposed Robinson as an intellectual fraud in late 1936 in correspondence with her in the months of September through November when he discovered that she did not have the slightest idea about his liquidity preference theory of the rate of interest, which is impossible to analyze in (r,Y) space except with an IS-LM model. The economics profession has incorporated these myths into the official history of economic thought and macroeconomic history, as can easily be seen by visiting Investopedia or Wikipedia. These myths go hand in glove with other myths about Keynes, such as the myth that an 18 year old Frank Ramsey showed up in Cambridge and convinced Keynes that his logical theory of probability ,based directly on the work of the greatest mathematical logician in history, George Boole, was full of errors and mistakes that then led Keynes to renounce his theory and accept some version of Ramsey’s approach. One can see how these myths end up taking on a life of themselves when one realizes that the myth of Adam Smith’s theory of the Invisible Hand of the market is universally taught in all principles courses to lower division undergraduates in all economics courses, even though Smith himself completely rejected any such theory in both the Theory of Moral Sentiments and the Wealth of Nations.
ConDA: Continual Unsupervised Domain Adaptation.

Domain Adaptation (DA) techniques are important for overcoming the domain shift between the source domain used for training and the target domain where testing takes place. However, current DA methods assume that the entire target domain is available during adaptation, which may not hold in practice. This paper considers a more realistic scenario, where target data become available in smaller batches and adaptation on the entire target domain is not feasible. In our work, we introduce a new, data-constrained DA paradigm where unlabeled target samples are received in batches and adaptation is performed continually. We propose a novel source-free method for continual unsupervised domain adaptation that utilizes a buffer for selective replay of previously seen samples. In our continual DA framework, we selectively mix samples from incoming batches with data stored in a buffer using buffer management strategies and use the combination to incrementally update our model. We evaluate the classification performance of the continual DA approach with state-of-the-art DA methods based on the entire target domain. Our results on three popular DA datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms many existing state-of-the-art DA methods with access to the entire target domain during adaptation.
Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence for Surgical Decision Making.

Background: The use of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in medical research continues to grow as the amount and availability of clinical data expands. These techniques allow complex interpretation of data and capture non-linear relations not immediately apparent by classic statistical techniques. Methods: This review of the ML/AI literature provides a brief overview for practicing surgeons and clinicians of the current and future roles these methods will have within surgical infection research. Results: A conceptual overview of the techniques is provided along with concrete examples in the surgical infections literature. Further examples of ML/AI techniques in clinical decision support as well as therapy discovery with model-based deep reinforcement learning are illustrated. Conclusions: Artificial intelligence and ML are important and increasingly utilized techniques within the expanding body of surgical infection research. This article provides a minimal baseline literacy in ML/AI to be able to view such projects in an appropriately critical fashion.
Rapid analysis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) isotopologues in stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM) using direct infusion nanoelectrospray ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry (DI-nESI-UHR-FTMS).

Abstract S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) are important metabolites in the one-carbon cycle that modulates cellular methylation required for proliferation and epigenetic regulation. Their concentrations, synthesis, and turnover are difficult to determine conveniently and reliably. We have developed such a method by coupling a simple and rapid purification scheme that efficiently captures both compounds, with high sensitivity, sample throughput direct infusion nanoelectrospray ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry (DI-nESI-UHR-FTMS). This method is compatible with Stable Isotope-Resolved Metabolomic (SIRM) analysis of numerous other metabolites. The limits of detection for both SAM and SAH were
Textured LTCC substrates for printed antenna miniaturization and bandwidth improvement

The use of textured low temperature cofiring ceramics (LTCC) substrates for printed antennas is presented. An aperture fed patch antenna resonating at 1.56 GHz is developed and analyzed. This antenna has a volume reduction by a factor of 10 as compared to patches on traditional dielectrics. Moreover, measurements of the gain and return loss show that miniaturization has remarkably little effect on the gain value and bandwidth.
Metabolism of Dibutyryl Cyclic Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate during Its Regulation of Lipolysis and Glucose Oxidation in Isolated Rat Epididymal Adipocytes

Abstract The metabolism of N6,O2'-(2',3'-3H)-dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (3H-DBcAMP) was studied in isolated rat epididymal adipocytes. 3H-Butyric acid, isolated from incubation mixtures after stimulation by 3H-DBcAMP of lipolysis or after stimulation or inhibition of glucose oxidation by 3H-DBcAMP, represented less than 4% hydrolysis of the butyryl groups of DBcAMP during up to 2 hours of incubation; this hydrolysis appeared to be nonenzymatic in nature. Of the butyric acid produced, less than 10% was lost by oxidation to CO2 and by volatilization. Only two nucleotides were found following incubation of 3H-DBcAMP, with or without adipocytes, for up to 2 hours—the original 3H-DBcAMP and a radioactive compound with the chromatographic mobility of N6-monobutyryl cyclic AMP (MBcAMP). The molar ratio of 3H-MBcAMP to 3H-DBcAMP in the isolated material, although greater than that of the substrate prior to incubation, was not significantly different in incubations with or without adipocytes. 3H-MBcAMP, although similar to 3H-DBcAMP in lipolytic potency, could not, in the amounts (4 to 8%) present as contaminant in preparations of 3H-DBcAMP, be responsible for the effects ascribed to 3H-DBcAMP. It is concluded that, under the experimental conditions used, DBcAMP exerted several regulatory effects on the metabolism of adipocytes without the necessity for prior removal of one or both butyryl groups from the nucleotide. This implies that free 6-amino and 2'-hydroxyl groups of cyclic AMP are not required for its biological activities in this tissue.
Optimum scanning protocol for FDG-PET evaluation of pulmonary malignancy

UNLABELLED FDG-PET can differentiate benign from malignant focal pulmonary opacities. We performed dynamic FDG-PET studies to determine the optimum time for emission data acquisition. METHODS Patients with focal pulmonary abnormalities demonstrated by biopsy to be malignant (n = 10) or benign (n = 4) were evaluated with dynamic FDG-PET. Dynamic PET data were acquired as sequential 5-min images for 2.5 hr. Radioactivity concentration measurements of the focal abnormality, a similar area in the opposite lung, and both lungs in the field of view were made throughout the period of acquisition. Standardized uptake ratios (SUR) of the lesions were calculated. SUR data and lesion-to-background ratios were plotted. The time that the SUR provided the maximum separation between benign and malignant masses after FDG administration was determined. RESULTS The SUR values provided the greatest separation between benign and malignant abnormalities beginning at 50 min and no advantage was identified in imaging later. Achievement of a 4:1 lesion-to-background ratio occurred by 50 min in malignant lesions. CONCLUSION The acquisition of the emission data used in the evaluation of pulmonary malignancy should begin approximately 50 min after FDG administration.
Right ventricle-pulmonary circulation dysfunction: a review of energy-based approach

Patients with repaired or palliated right heart congenital heart disease (CHD) are often left with residual lesions that progress and can result in significant morbidity. However, right ventricular-pulmonary arterial evaluation and the timing of reintvervention is still subjective. Currently, it relies on symptomology, or RV imaging-based metrics from echocardiography or MR derived parameters including right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction (EF), end-systolic pressure (ESP), and end-diastolic volume (EDV). However, the RV is coupled to the pulmonary vasculature, and they are not typically evaluated together. For example, the dysfunctional right ventricular-pulmonary circulation (RV-PC) adversely affects the RV myocardial performance resulting in decreased efficiency. Therefore, comprehensive hemodynamic assessment should incorporate changes in RV-PC and energy efficiency for CHD patients.
Absence of Reverse Anomeric Effect in Glycosylimidazoles

The so-called reverse anomeric effect is the preference of cationic substituents for the equatorial position on a pyranose ring, but it is not consistent with theories of molecular structure. To reinvestigate this, we have measured the N-protonation-induced shifts of the anomeric equilibrium in N-(glycopyranosyl)imidazoles and their tetra-O-acetyl derivatives 1−3 with high precision through an NMR titration method that is applicable to a mixture of α and β anomers. We find a ΔΔG°β→α that is almost always negative, corresponding to a greater preference for the axial position of a protonated imidazolyl group than of an unprotonated group. This preference counters a small steric effect, arising from hindrance to ionic solvation, that has been measured independently in N-(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl)imidazoles 4. These results are exactly opposite to what is expected from the reverse anomeric effect. We conclude that there is no firm evidence for this effect.
Effects of advanced age and dementia on restoration of competence to stand trial

Elderly defendants (age 65+) and defendants with dementia adjudicated incompetent to stand trial and hospitalized for restoration to competence (RTC) often present unique challenges to clinicians charged with their restoration. In this study, we attempted to better identify predictors of successful RTC by building upon previous research correlating increased age with decreased likelihood of RTC. We identified elderly non-demented defendants (n=31) and defendants diagnosed with dementia (n=47) from a state database of 1380 individuals hospitalized for competence restoration from 1988-2004. Using regression analysis and correcting for demographic variables and common admission psychiatric diagnoses, we studied the relationship of age at hospital admission and dementia diagnosis on the likelihood of successful RTC. Both advanced age and dementia diagnosis were associated with decreased RTC. After correcting for dementia diagnosis, increased age retained its negative correlation with restoration success. Both elderly non-demented defendants and defendants diagnosed with dementia were significantly less likely to be restored to competence than all other RTC admissions (n=1302). However, a substantial percentage of both demented and elderly non-demented defendants were successfully restored to competence, potentially justifying restoration attempts for both of these groups of defendants.
Heat Transfer in Gas-Solids Drag-Reducing Flow

Mesure des coefficients de transfert de chaleur dans des suspensions air-verre, argon-verre et argon-aluminium dans des tubes horizontaux et verticaux. Le verre et particules de 26,1 et 36,0 μ est en suspension dans du gaz de nombre de Reynolds variant de 11000 a 21000 avec des rapports de charge entre 0 et 2,5
Conditions affecting the timing of convertible bond sales

Abstract Convertible bonds represent an important financing source for corporations. Yet on a month-to-month basis there has been a great fluctuation in the number of convertible bond offerings. In this paper a model is developed that attempts to identify economic and financial market conditions existing when corporations issue convertible bonds.
Failure of successful renal transplant to produce appropriate levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.

Introduction Bone metabolism disturbances following renal transplantation (RT) are complex and multifactorial in origin. Abnormalities in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in RT patients under treatment at our Bone Center prompted this retrospective study.
Expression of μ-opioid receptor mRNA in the medial preoptic area of juvenile rats

Abstract Previous studies indicate that the latency to initiate parental behavior in both male and female rats increases with age; weanling (21 days old) rats display parental behavior 0–2 days after exposure to newborn pups, while older juveniles (30 days old) require 5–6 days of pup exposure before they express the behavior. Furthermore, activation of μ-opioid receptors inhibits parental behavior in juvenile and adult rats. We hypothesized that the age-related increase in behavioral latency could be modulated by the induction of μ-receptor expression in the medial preoptic area (MPOA), a region in which μ-receptors regulate parental behavior. In situ hybridization histochemistry was used to measure μ-receptor mRNA expression in the MPOA of male and female Sprague–Dawley rats that were 21, 24, 27, 30, or 33 days old. Using autoradiographic film analysis, we observed that neurons within part of the MPOA expressed very dense μ-receptor mRNA. Comparison of mRNA distribution with histological boundaries indicated that neurons within the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN), excluding the central part, exhibited the highest density of μ-receptor mRNA within the MPOA. High densities of μ-receptor mRNA extended dorsolaterally and caudally from the MPN toward the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. MPN μ-receptor mRNA expression was not altered with age and no sex difference was observed. The dense presence of μ-receptor mRNA in the MPN suggests that ample substrate exists on which μ-receptor ligands could modulate the latency to begin parental behavior in juvenile rats, but such behavioral expression apparently is not mediated by a change in μ-receptor mRNA production.
CA8-03: Evaluating Primary Care Renewal in Oregon’s Safety Net Clinics: Preliminary Quantitative Findings from CareOregon’s Adult Medicaid Population

Background/AimsThe patient-centered medical home (PCMH) holds great promise for improving care delivery. Primary Care Renewal (PCR) is an initiative, launched in early 2007, to transform Oregon safety-net clinics to the PCMH model of care. It is sponsored by CareOregon (CO), a Medicaid/Medicare managed care organization. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a quantitative assessment to identify utilization and cost metrics relevant to PCR practices and to evaluate PCR’s degree of success in improving these metrics.MethodsThe study population includes CO adult Medicaid enrollees assigned to 17 PCMH clinics (n=11,639) and 280 usual care clinics (n=64,686) over two time periods:18-month pre- implementation period (1/1/2006-6/30/2007) and33-month post-implementation period (1/1/2008-9/30/2010).A six-month break (7/1/2007-12/31/2007) was included as the PCR rollout period. Outcome measures include:hospital days, ED visits, and primary care visits per 1,000 members per year andper member per month (PMPM) medical costs (paid by CO).Utilization and cost information were obtained via claims data. Segmented regression models were used to compare post and pre-implementation periods for each outcome measure. Models were stratified by:adult population (entire population) andExpanded Diagnosis Clusters (EDCs, proxy measure for disease burden).Interactions of level change (post vs. pre-implementation) and clinic type (PCMH vs. non- PCMH) were assessed using segmented regression analysis.ResultsWe found a significant interaction of level change (post vs. pre-implementation) by clinic type for inpatient utilization (beta coefficient = −2.09, p-value = p < .001). Inpatient utilization was significantly lower immediately following implementation than just prior to the implementation. The level change by clinic type interactions were not significant for primary care visits, ED visits and PMPM medical costs. Stratification by EDC for each outcome measure will be completed by the start of the HMORN conference.DiscussionPreliminary results suggest PCMH was successful in reducing inpatient utilization after implementation, but no differences were found in other utilization metrics or medical costs. Study results were limited because no clinical quality information was available for analysis. Future research should analyze changes in clinical quality metrics (e.g. HbA1c value) after PCMH interventions are implemented.
Airborne laser radar for mapping two-dimensional contours of aerosol concentration

An improved version of a compact dye laser radar system with real-time data analysis capability has been developed for aircraft installation. The system is designed for use in mapping two-dimensional contours of aerosol backscattering coefficients both above and below the aircraft. The laser radar is part of a larger system which has been developed to characterize the optical properties of aerosols as well as their spatial and temporal variability.