cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mesoporous Silicate−Surfactant Composites with Hydrophobic Surfaces and Tailored Pore Sizes

Mesoporous silicate−surfactant composites were prepared via washing of as-synthesized silicate−surfactant−expander materials in appropriate solvents. The expander can be generated in situ from the surfactant decomposition under high-temperature conditions, or supplied externally at the stage of the synthesis or postsynthesis hydrothermal treatment. The washing removed the expander as well as a minor part of the surfactant ions present and thus opened the mesopores whose walls were covered by a relatively dense layer of surfactant ions. Depending on the synthesis method for silicate−surfactant−expander composites, both ordered and disordered mesoporous silicate−surfactant composites were obtained with narrow pore size distributions and a wide range of adjustable pore sizes (4−12 nm). Despite the fact that these materials contained 25−35 wt % of surfactant, they exhibited large BET specific surface areas (360−550 m2 g-1) and total pore volumes (from 0.4 to as large as 1.8 cm3 g-1). It is postulated that the...
Evidence for hydrogen motion in annealing of light-induced metastable defects in hydrogenated amorphous silicon

The annealing of light-induced metastable defects, as measured by electron-spin resonance, exhibits a time dependence that is consistent with the kinetics of other metastable effects found in hydrogenated amorphous silicon $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Si}:\mathrm{H}$. The decay kinetics for these light-induced defects is related to the dispersive diffusion of hydrogen in $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Si}:\mathrm{H}$ providing strong support for the hypothesis that hydrogen motion is involved in the defect formation process. Mechanisms involving the motion of other defects motions, such as three- or fivefold coordinated silicon atoms, are found to be unlikely.
Stimulus range and the judgmental unit

Abstract The range of stimulus items describing moral offenses was manipulated in an experiment involving judgments of severity expressed by magnitude production. The results indicate that reference scale unit is related to stimulus range. Three manifestations of the relationship were observed: (1) the dispersion of scale values, over items, for individual judges was inversely related to stimulus range, (2) the dispersion of scale values, over judges, for individual items was inversely related to stimulus range, and (3) differences in mean judgment as a function of stimulus range were shown to be predictable from the observed differences in unit. The implications of these results for adaptation-level, range-frequency, and variable perspective theories are discussed.
The effect of dietary betaine on intestinal and plasma levels of betaine in uninfected and coccidia-infected broiler chicks

Chicks fed betaine supplemented diets and infected with Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima had markedly higher levels of betaine in the duodenum and mid-gut than unsupplemented, infected chicks. Uninfected chicks fed betaine exhibited almost twice the levels of betaine in the gut as infected chicks. Plasma betaine levels were lower in E. maxima-infected chicks than in E. acervulina-or Eimeria tenella-infected chicks. Betaine supplementation reversed the decrease in weight gain in E. maxima- infected chicks but had no effect on the decrease in weight gains in E acervulina- and E. tenella-infected chicks. Coccidia-infected birds on normal diets regularly exhibit increases in plasma NO2+NO3. This increase was abolished in E.tenella-infected birds on betaine supplement. Betaine feeding did not alter this effect in E. acervulina- and E. maxima-infected birds. Results indicate that betaine supplementation has a positive effect on gut betaine levels in birds infected with E. acervulina and E. maxima. In all treatment groups, infection lowered the levels of betaine.
An exploratory examination of the sources of socialisation influencing juvenile perceptions of the police

A growing body of literature on juvenile perceptions of the police has demonstrated that vicarious misconduct is a significant factor in determining negative attitudes toward the police; however, the extant literature has not examined the potential sources of socialisation that may differentially affect these perceptions. The current study focuses on exploring the influence of socialisation factors in examining whether parents, friends, neighbours and media negatively affect juvenile perceptions of the police. A sample of 207 high-school students from a Midwestern city was surveyed on their general and specific perceptions of the police. The results demonstrate support for the influence of friends on perceptions of the police; both general perceptions and the likelihood of having prior negatively rated contacts. Little support for other socialisation sources (ie, parents, neighbours and the media) was found. The implications for future research are discussed.
l- and d-S-nitroso-β,β-dimethylcysteine differentially increase cGMP in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells

Abstract We examined the effects of the l - and d -isomers of S -nitroso- β , β -dimethylcysteine ( l - and d - S -nitrosopenicillamine, 10 −7 –10 −5 M) on the guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) content of cultured porcine aortic smooth muscle cells and the decomposition of these stereoisomers to nitric oxide (NO). l - S -nitrosopenicillamine was a more potent generator of cGMP than d - S -nitrosopenicillamine although both stereoisomers equally decomposed to NO. The 10 −7 M concentration of l - or d - S -nitrosopenicillamine did not generate detectable amounts of NO although 10 −7 M l - S -nitrosopenicillamine but not d - S -nitrosopenicillamine generated significant amounts of cGMP. This study shows that the stereoisomeric configuration of S -nitrosopenicillamine is an important factor in its biological potency. The data suggest that the extracellular or intracellular generation of NO is not the only mechanism by which this S -nitrosothiol generates cGMP in vascular smooth muscle.
Staggered InGaN quantum well diode lasers emitting at 500 nm

Staggered InGaN quantum wells (QWs) are analyzed as gain media for laser diodes to extend the lasing wavelength towards 500 nm. The calculation of band structure is based on a 6-band k•p method taking into account the valence band mixing, strain effect, and spontaneous and piezoelectric polarizations as well as the carrier screening effect. Staggered InGaN QWs with two-layer and three-layer step-function like In-content InGaN QWs structures are investigated to enhance the optical gain for laser diodes emitting in the green regime.
Bouncing-ball pulse generator

A technique is described for the generation of 1.5 kV 200 ps pulses in a 50Ω system. The switching action is controlled by bouncing a hard steel ball between contacts.
Sex differences in assertive achievement patterns

Observations in mathematics and social studies classrooms were made of 40 sixth-grade children of average and high ability to investigate whether males and females differ in assertive achievement behavior. The prediction of less assertive achievement behavior for females than males was supported only among average-ability children. Particularly in social studies, average-ability females participated less in the classroom than average-ability males and either high-ability males or females. Average-ability females' deficit of assertive behavior became more pronounced as the behavior category increased in degree of assertiveness. High-ability females demonstrated a deficit only in the most assertive behavior category.
Gender and Representation: Women in Spanish realist fiction

Applying recent European and Anglo-American feminist scholarship to the problems of gender representation, Charnon-Deutsch challenges the prevailing idea that the 19th-century Spanish novel is woman centered. The author's examination of novels by Valera, Pereda, Alas, and Galdos demonstrates that these works are instead a complex exploration of male identity. Decoding the gender ideology of women's roles, discourse, and representations, Charnon-Deutsch uncovers in the novels multiple configurations of androcentricity as well as voyeuristic tendencies, which she interprets as a means of mastering what is threatening to the male psyche.
Mass spectral fragmentation of 4-oxo-4H-pyrazole 1-oxides and 1,2-dioxides

The characteristic fragmentation pattern in the mass spectra of 4-oxo-4H-pyrazole 1-oxides and 4-oxo-4H-pyrazole 1,2-dioxides involves scission of the ring into two fragments by cleavage of the nitrogen-nitrogen bond and one of the bonds to the carbonyl carbon. Loss of carbon monoxide or oxygen from the molecular ion is not observed.
Electroreflectance and reflectance study of 2H-MoSe2

Abstract We report the first electrolyte electroreflectance (EER) study of 2HMoSe2 in the energy range 0.7 to 6 eV. The reflectivity (R) was also measured in the range of 0.7 to 9.5 eV and the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant were determined using the Kramers-Kronig relations. All the measurements were done at room temperature. Single crystals of 2H-MoSe2 were grown using the direct combination of the elements in a sealed silica tube combined with chemical vapor transport using Br as the transport agent. The EER spectrum exhibits sharp structure in the vicinity of the excitonic transitions A, A′, B and B′ as well as higher lying interband transitions; the transition energies are determined with better accuracy than has been possible to date. A comparison of the R and EER spectra helped identify the various features in the EER spectrum.
The effects of temperature on primary root growth dynamics and lateral root distribution in garden pea (Pisum sativum L., cv. Alaska)

Abstract From 15 to 32°C, inclusive, roots of garden pea seedlings ( Pisum sativum L., cv. “Alaska”) exhibited negative correlations between temperature and several developmental parameters. After germination intact pea primary roots gradually increased their growth (elongation) rate to a maximum, then the growth rate declined until elongation effectively ceased. The kinetics of primary root elongation was biphasic; second-order rate behavior gave way to an exponential decline. The root length at which the maximum growth rate occurred, the magnitude of the maximum rate, and the final root length were inversely correlated to temperature in the range tested. Changes of temperature from 25 to 32°C caused a decrease in the primary root growth rate. Changes of temperature from 32 to 25°C caused an increase in the primary root growth rate. These changes usually involved a 1–2 day time lag and were reversible. Lateral roots were most closely spaced near the cotyledons and became more widely spaced acropetally. Along the 10–12 cm of the primary root proximal to the cotyledons the density of this lateral root distribution was inversely dependent on temperature. Lateral root distribution was also growth rate dependent among seedlings grown at 25°C or less. Periods of exposure (1 or 3 days) to 32°C inhibited the initiation of lateral roots, after a lag period, in plants otherwise maintained at 25°C. The significance of the growth rate kinetic pattern, lateral root distribution, and lag period is discussed.
Counter‐memory, mourning and history in Toni Morrison's beloved

(1995). Counter‐memory, mourning and history in Toni Morrison's beloved. Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory: Vol. 6, Toni Morrison, pp. 121-132.
Progesterone status, parity, body condition, and days postpartum before estrus or ovulation synchronization in suckled beef cattle influence artificial insemination pregnancy outcomes.

Our objective was to assess the effects of progesterone before initiating an estrus- or ovulation- synchronization program in addition to the influence of parity, BCS, and days postpartum on resulting preg- nancy rates per AI. Experimental data were combined from 73 herd-year studies consisting of more than 8,500 suckled beef cows exposed to variants of the CO-Synch program. Blood was harvested from samples collected at 10 and 0 d before the onset of CO-Synch, and progesterone concentrations of the samples were determined. The progesterone environment preceding synchronization was assessed in 3 ways on the basis of progesterone concentrations measured in the 2 defined blood samples. All binomial logistic regression mod- els used procedure GLIMMIX in SAS and included the fixed effects of program duration, inclusion of progesterone via an intravaginal insert, parity, days postpartum at AI, BCS, and appropriate interactions. In addition, model 1 included 3 categories of proges- terone concentrations (low (<1 ng/mL), medium (1.00 to 3.99 ng/mL), and high (≥4.00 ng/mL) concentra- tions) at 10 and 0 d before synchronization and their interaction. Model 2 included 4 categories defining the stage of the estrous cycle (late diestrus, early diestrus, and proestrus-estrus-metestrus) or anestrus, at which cows started the synchronization program. Model 3 defined cows as cycling or noncycling at the onset of the program. Significant effects of progesterone sup- plementation, which hormone was used to initiate the timed AI program, parity, BCS, days postpartum, and progesterone status assessed in 3 ways were consistent in nearly all models. Progesterone status at the onset of synchronization was not important to pregnancy out- comes in multiparous cows, whereas pregnancy rate per AI was suppressed in primiparous cows that began in a low-progesterone environment (proestrus, estrus, metestrus, or anestrus). A significant 3-way interaction of parity, BCS, and days postpartum in 2 models rein- forced the importance of these factors to AI pregnancy outcomes. Ancillary analyses identified the significant effects of cycling status and BCS as well as days post- partum on luteolytic response to PGF 2α . Pregnancy loss of 2.7% to 4.2% was detected to occur between a positive pregnancy diagnosis at 35 d post-AI and later stages of pregnancy. We concluded that progesterone status at the onset of the synchronization program is critical to pregnancy outcomes in primiparous but not multiparous cows.
Setup, sensitivity and application of thin electrolyte layer ATR-FTIR spectroscopy

Abstract A new setup of an attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) method involving a thin electrolyte layer was developed for the in situ investigation of electrode processes. The applicability of the approach was tested in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 by studying the oxidation of adsorbed CO using polycrystalline Pt and Pt particles supported on high surface area carbon black. The sensitivity of this new ATR–FTIR method appears to be better than found for previously reported results obtained using external reflection–absorption FTIR. High sensitivity was obtained by making a very good contact between the electrode surface and the ATR crystal, which was achieved by using a spring, a micrometer and X - and Y -position controllers. This new thin electrolyte layer ATR-FTIR technique was also successfully applied to the in situ study of surface species adsorbed on an IR non-reflecting porous electrode.
Thermodynamic modeling of the Mo–Si–B system

Abstract A thermodynamic description for the Mo–Si–B system has been developed on the basis of the constituent binaries and critically reviewed ternary experimental data. The published thermodynamic descriptions for the Mo–Si and B–Si binaries were directly used and that for the Mo–B binary was modified in the present study. A two-sublattice model, (Mo)0.625(B, Si, Va)0.375, was applied to the T2 phase considering its crystal structure and homogeneity range. This model not only can describe the B substitution with Si along B/Si direction but also can accommodate the temperature dependence of the Mo content in T2. The phase stability, the liquidus projection and the solidification paths were calculated accordingly based on the currently obtained thermodynamic description and compared with the experimental results.
Visualizing timescape issues in a comparative study of the American states

This paper considers a range of time-related issues in the comparative empirical study of the American States and demonstrates how visualizations animated to show change over time can provide infor...
The Virtual Point 1 event display for the ATLAS experiment

We present an event display for the ATLAS Experiment, called Virtual Point 1 (VP1), designed initially for deployment at point 1 of the LHC, the location of the ATLAS detector. The Qt/OpenGL based application provides truthful and interactive 3D representations of both event and non-event data, and now serves a general-purpose role within the experiment. Thus, VP1 is used both online (in the control room itself or remotely via a special live mode) and offline environments to provide fast debugging and understanding of events, detector status and software. In addition to a flexible plugin infrastructure and a high level of configurability, this multi-purpose role is mainly facilitated by embedding the application directly into the ATLAS offline software framework, enabling it to use the native Event Data Model directly, and thus run on any source of ATLAS data, or even directly from within processes such as reconstruction jobs. Finally, VP1 provides high-quality pictures and movies, useful for outreach purposes.
Base stock level determination for high cost low demand critical repairable spares

Abstract The paper presents an (S − 1, S) policy with three modes of replenishment: normal repair orders, emergency repair orders, and the expediting of outstanding orders. A procedure based on simulation is described in order to determine the parameters of the replenishment policy: the base stock level S, the expediting level S , and the expediting threshold T0. The application of this procedure to a category of repairable spares at a paper mill demonstrates the computational feasibility of the solution procedure.
Hydraulic artificial muscles

This article presents hydraulic artificial muscles as a viable alternative to pneumatic artificial muscles. Despite the actuation mechanism being similar to its pneumatic counterpart, hydraulic art...
Imaging ellipsometry for high-spatial-resolution metrology

The polarization change that accompanies diffraction from sub- wavelength features is used as a sensitive measure of the feature shape. This sub-wavelength measurement capability is explored by comparing vector-based diffraction models with experimentally obtained data from a novel imaging ellipsometer. This imaging ellipsometer is able to measure samples with high spatial resolution in a parallel fashion by using a high-numerical-aperture lens. Two-dimensional surface maps can be generated without scanning. Our novel metrology tool could provide a solution to the imminent metrology challenges in semiconductor industry.
MicroRNA-Related Cofilin Abnormality in Alzheimer's Disease

Rod-like structures composed of actin and the actin-binding protein cofilin are found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, the mechanisms underlying formation of these structures and their pathological consequences are still largely unknown. We found that microRNAs 103 and 107 repress translation of cofilin, and that reduced levels of miR-103 or miR-107 are associated with elevated cofilin protein levels and formation of rod-like structures in a transgenic mouse model of AD. These results suggest that microRNAs may play an important role in cytoskeletal pathology in AD.
Molecular recognition and supramolecular self-assembly of a genetically engineered gold binding peptide on Au{111}.

The understanding of biomineralization and realization of biology-inspired materials technologies depends on understanding the nature of the chemical and physical interactions between proteins and biominerals or synthetically made inorganic materials. Recently, combinatorial genetic techniques permit the isolation of peptides recognizing specific inorganic materials that are used as molecular building blocks for novel applications. Little is known about the molecular structure of these peptides and the specific recognition mechanisms onto their counterpart inorganic surfaces. Here, we report high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM), molecular simulation (MS), and geometrical docking studies that detail the formation of an ordered supramolecular self-assembly of a genetically engineered gold binding peptide, 3rGBP1 ([MHGKTQATSGTIQS]3), correlating with the symmetry of the Au{111} surface lattice. Using simulated annealing molecular dynamics (SA/MD) studies based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), we...
Evidence for Multiple Acquisition of Arsenophonus by Whitefly Species (Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae)

Whiteflies contain primary prokaryotic endosymbionts located within specialized host cells. This endosymbiotic association is the result of a single infection of the host followed by vertical transmission of the endosymbiont to the progeny. Whiteflies may also be associated with other bacteria called secondary (S-) endosymbionts. The nucleotide sequence of the 16S-23S ribosomal DNA from S-endosymbionts of 13 whitefly species was determined. A phylogenetic analysis of these sequences indicated their grouping into two major clusters, one consisting of two S-endosymbionts related to previously described T-type endosymbionts. The second cluster contained the 16S-23S rDNA sequence of the type strain of Arsenophonus nasoniae as well as sequences of S-endosymbionts from 11 whitefly species. This Arsenophonus cluster contained four S-endosymbionts with intervening sequences of 70-184 nucleotides in their 23S rDNAs. The phylogenetic tree of the Arsenophonus cluster differed greatly from the phylogenetic tree of the primary endosymbionts. These results suggest that, unlike the primary endosymbiont, Arsenophonus may infect whiteflies multiple times and may also be horizontally transmitted.
The potentiometric titration of aminophylline and aminophylline-phenobarbital mixtures†

The literature is briefly reviewed for methods of determining aminophylline, theophylline, and phenobarbital individually and in combinations with each other. Procedures are presented for potentiometrically titrating phenobarbital, theophylline, and aminophylline; combinations of phenobarbital with either aminophylline or theophylline. Typical titration curves are presented, and the data from several titrations are tabulated. The results obtained by titrating aminophylline potentiometrically are shown to compare favorably with those obtained by the U. S. P. method. The results obtained by potentiometrically titrating mixtures of theophylline and phenobarbital were found to be compatible with the known amounts of these substances present.
Atomic-resolution structure of the cellulose synthase regulator cyclic diguanylic acid.

Cyclic diguanylic acid acts as a regulator for cellulose synthase activity in the bacterium Acetobacter xylinum. We report the x-ray crystal structure of the regulator at atomic resolution. The structure contains two independent molecules that adopt almost identical conformations. The two molecules form self-intercalated units that are stacked on each other. Two different G.G base-pairing modes occur between the stacks. The more stable one has two or possibly three hydrogen bonds between two guanines and is related to the type of hydrogen bonding that is believed to exist between G-rich strands at the ends of chromosomes.
Community Context in the Spread of Voter Support for the Scottish Nationalist Party

C OMMUNITY context has been found to be a relevant factor in the spread of political attitudes and support for political parties in a variety of situtions. The present study examines the impact of community context on the spread of support for the Scottish Nationalist party (SNP) in the four British general elections of the 1970s.1 By-elections, notwithstanding their importance to third parties like the SNP, were excluded since personalities of candidates and factors particular to a given district can be more important in what may be in effect local contests. The effects of the contextual factor are compared with the impacts of a number of socioeconomic variables from data available at the constituency level. This comparison provides an indication of how important contextual influences were in relation to other factors.
Quantitative morphological analysis of striatal cholinergic neurons in perinatal asphyxia

Although the static encephalopathies of childhood are common, little is known of the underlying alterations in the neurochemical anatomy of the brain. Using quantitative morphological techniques, we examined the effect of perinatal hypoxia-ischemia on the number and distribution of cholinergic (ACh) neurons in a unilateral experimental striatal lesion in rats. The striatal pathology simulates status marmoratus, a recognized correlate of human dystonic cerebral palsy. We found that striatal injury results in a mean 22% decrease in the number of ACh neurons at the age of 3 to 4 weeks. The loss of neurons was relatively less than the volume loss, resulting in a mean 16% increase in neuron density. This effect was not uniform throughout the striatum; it was more pronounced caudally, resulting in a mean 52% increase in density in the most caudal striatal plane. These changes in immature rats were also seen in adult rats, indicating that there were lasting alterations in striatal cholinergic morphology. Hypoxic-ischemic injury to the striatum also resulted in a persistent decrease in the mean area of ACh neurons. The increased density of these neurons may imply that they are relatively resistant to hypoxic-ischemic injury. These findings may be relevant to the observation that anticholinergic drugs are among the most effective for treating dystonias, including those observed in static encephalopathies.
Dopamine-induced potentiation of the contractile response to arachidonic acid in guinea-pig aorta.

Abstract 1. 1. In guinea-pig aorta, the potentiating effect of dopamine on the response to arachiodonic acid was examined. 2. 2. The potentiation by dopamine was completely abolished by nordihydroguaiaretic acid, but not by indomethacin, aspirin, corticosterone, haloperidol, SK & F 83566, propranolol, PGI 2 or imidazole. 3. 3. Dopamine did not have any significant effect on the response to PG F2α U-46619, KCl, 5-hydroxytryptamine or histamine.
Strain rate and temperature effects on the selection of primary and secondary slip and twinning systems in HCP Zr

Abstract We investigate the temperature and rate dependence of slip, twinning, and secondary twinning in high-purity hexagonal close packed α-Zr over a wide range of temperatures and strain rates (from 76 K to 673 K and 0.001 s−1 to 4500 s−1). To reliably identify the dominant deformation mechanisms for each condition, we employ electron-backscattered diffraction (EBSD), dislocation theory, multi-scale polycrystal constitutive modeling, and a thermally activated dislocation density evolution based hardening law. We demonstrate with direct comparison with measurement that the constitutive model, with a single set of intrinsic material parameters, can predict the underlying texture evolution, primary and secondary slip and twin activity, and twin volume fraction associated with the different loading orientations and applied temperatures and strain rates. We find that the { 1 0 1 ‾ 2 } 〈 1 0 1 ‾ 1 ‾ 〉 twin is the preferred tension twin, either as a primary or secondary twin depending on the sample orientation, over the broad temperature and strain rate range tested. In contrast, we show that the preferred contraction twin, whether { 1 1 2 ‾ 2 ‾ } 〈 1 1 2 ‾ 3 ‾ 〉 or { 1 0 1 ‾ 1 } 〈 1 0 1 ‾ 2 ‾ 〉 , is sensitive to temperature but insensitive to strain rate and whether it is a primary or secondary twin. Based on the concomitant changes in the dominant slip mode predicted by the model and revealed by the texture development, we rationalize that the temperature-induced transition in contraction twinning is due to the increased predominance of basal 〈a〉 slip at high temperatures (>673 K). Last, our analysis implies that all twin modes studied are rate insensitive and so the strong influence of strain rate and temperature on twinning is due to the rate-sensitivity of slip.
Perceived Parental Rejection, Psychological Maladjustment, and Borderline Personality Disorder

Abstract Most of the diagnostic criteria and characteristics of borderline personality disorder (BPD) appear to be among the known and theoretically expectable correlates of perceived parental rejection, as specified in parental acceptance-rejection theory (PARTheory). Accordingly the present research tested and confirmed two hypotheses. The first was that women diagnosed with BPD tend to perceive significantly more parental, especially paternal, rejection in their childhoods than do nonclinical diagnosed women. The second was that women diagnosed with BPD would score significantly higher than do nonclini-cal women on the specific profile of psychological maladjustment theoretically associated with perceived rejection. The sample included 35 women, 17 of whom were diagnosed with BPD. All participants responded to the mother and father versions of the adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire. Psychological maladjustment of the form, theoretically associated with perceived rejection, was assessed b...
The use of sulphite-containing media in the isolation of Clostridium welchii.

Summary An investigation was made of cultural conditions affecting the blackening of colonies due to sulphite reduction by Clostridium welchii and several other clostridia in the sulphite-polymyxin-sulphadiazine agar of Angelotti et al. (1962). Reducing conditions in the medium were more critical for blackening than for growth, and a simple, modified isolation method for Cl. welchii is described which provides optimal conditions for both processes.
Genetic Analysis of Trichocyst Discharge of the Wild Stocks of Paramecium tetraurelia

SYNOPSIS. Aberrant discharge of trichocysts in response to picric acid occurs in 8 of the 28 wild stocks of Paramecium tetraurelia. There are at least 4 distinguishable phenotypes: nondischarge, stocks 139, 163, 169, and 242; temperature-sensitive nondischarge, stock 126; leaky nondischarge, stock 203; and a clonally unstable phenotype, stocks 146 and 148. From each of these stocks a single recessive gene causing nondischarge has been isolated by backcrosses to stock 51. The original stocks 126, 146, and 148 possess other genes which affect the extracted genes. The copper resistance locus is ∼ 10 centiMorgans from nd169 and nd242, but none of the other nondischarge genes are linked to 6 marker loci. The genes nd169 and nd242 are only 0.5 centiMorgans apart making them the closest known pair of loci in P. tetraurelia. The genes nd126 and nd242 are distinguishable alleles at the same locus and the genes nd146 and nd148 are apparently identical alleles. The large number of loci involved in producing a similar phenotype in different stocks supports the idea that mutation is much more important than gene flow in this highly inbreeding species.
Sex Differences in Panic-Relevant Responding to a 10% Carbon Dioxide-Enriched Air Biological Challenge

The current study examined sex differences in psychological (i.e., self-reported anxiety, panic symptoms, and avoidance) and physiological (i.e., heart rate and skin conductance level) response to, and recovery from, a laboratory biological challenge. Participants were a community-recruited sample of 128 adults (63.3% women; M(age)=23.2 years, SD=8.9) who underwent a 4-min 10% CO(2)-enriched air biological challenge. As predicted, women reported more severe physical panic symptoms and avoidance (i.e., less willingness to participate in another challenge) and demonstrated increased heart rate as compared to men above and beyond the variance accounted for by other theoretically relevant variables (recent panic attack history, neuroticism, and anxiety sensitivity). Additionally, women demonstrated a faster rate of recovery with respect to heart rate compared to men. These results are in line with literature documenting sex-specific differences in panic psychopathology, and results are discussed in the context of possible mechanisms underlying sex differences in panic vulnerability.
A Catastrophic Death Assemblage and Paleoclimatic Implications of Pliocene Seabirds of Florida

A deposit of fossil seabirds from the late Pliocene of Florida includes more than 130 skeletons of an extinct cormorant that is related phylogenetically to Recent species currently restricted to the eastern north Pacific. Evidence suggests the birds died in a single catastrophic event, perhaps a red tide. The fossil cormorant, along with other extinct seabirds and marine mammals, supports molluscan evidence for cold-water upwelling along the Florida Gulf Coast during the Pliocene. A decline in species richness of marine vertebrates throughout the Pliocene of Florida coincides with cessation of upwelling after emergences of the Panamanian Land Bridge.
A model of solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling for due northward IMF

Abstract A solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling model for due northward IMF is proposed. The magnetosphere couples with the solar wind through reconnection nightside of the cusps. Other than the two small regions where reconnection takes place, the magnetosphere is closed. There are three plasma regions in the magnetosphere. The inner core is dominated by corotation. The outer magnetosphere contains two convection cells, and maps to the ionospheric viscous cells and Region I currents. The boundary layer and magnetotail region consists of a pair of flow channels, and maps to the ionospheric reverse cells. The three regions are separated by separatrix surfaces. Energy coupling across the surfaces can be facilitated by non-ideal-MHD processes such as ionospheric coupling, viscous and diffusive interactions, and waves and instabilities, although only the ionospheric coupling is essential to the model. This model is consistent with most established characteristics from observations and MHD computer simulations in both the ionosphere and magnetosphere. There are two specific features that need to be further confirmed from observations. The model expects that the ionospheric NBZ currents and reverse cells are maximized in the region sunward of the pole near the dayside cusps, and that in the tail there is a region which separates the earthward and tailward flows although the field and plasma characteristics are magnetospheric on both sides.
Design, expression, and characterization of a synthetic human cannabinoid receptor and cannabinoid receptor/ G-protein fusion protein†

We report here the synthesis and characterization of two gene constructs designed to facilitate structure/function studies of the human neuronal cannabinoid receptor, CB1. The first gene, which we call shCB1, is a synthetic gene containing unique restriction sites spaced roughly 50-100 bases apart to facilitate rapid mutagenesis and cloning. A nine amino acid epitope tag (from the rhodopsin C-terminus) is also present in the shCB1 C-terminal tail to enable detection and purification using the monoclonal antibody 1D4. We find that that the shCB1 gene can be transiently expressed in COS cells with yield of approximately 10-15 micro g receptor per 15 cm plate and is wild type like in its ability to bind cannabinoid ligands. Our confocal microscopy studies indicate shCB1 targets to the membrane of HEK293 cells and is internalized in response to agonist. To facilitate functional studies, we also made a chimera in which the C-terminus of shCB1 was fused with the N-terminus of a G-protein alpha subunit, Galphai. The shCB1/Galphai chimera shows agonist stimulated GTPgammaS binding, and thus provides a simplified way to measure agonist induced CB1 activation. Taken together, the shCB1 and shCB1/Galphai gene constructs provide useful tools for biochemical and biophysical examinations of CB1 structure, activation and attenuation.
Secure mechanical verification of mutually recursive procedures

The verification of programs that contain mutually recursive procedures is a difficult task, and one which has not been satisfactorily addressed in the literature. Published proof rules have been later discovered to be unsound. Verification condition generator (VCG) tools have been effective in partially automating the verification of programs, but in the past these VCG tools have in general not themselves been proven, so any proof using and depending on these VCGs might not be sound. In this paper, we present a set of proof rules for proving the partial correctness of programs with mutually recursive procedures, together with a VCG that automates the use of the proof rules in program correctness proofs. The soundness of the proof rules and the VCG itself have been mechanically proven within the Higher Order Logic theorem prover, with respect to the underlying structural operational semantics of the programming language. This proof of soundness then forms the core of an implementation of the VCG that significantly eases the verification of individual programs with complete security.
Home-Based Telemedicine: A Survey of Ethical Issues

In the past decade, digital technology, fiber optics, cellular phones, satellite television, home computers, and the Internet have substantially transformed business, education, and leisure practices. These technologies are becoming so integrated into our daily routines that their ubiquity often goes unnoticed. We are, nonetheless, in the midst of a telecommunications revolution, and the healthcare industry is becoming a major player. The burgeoning field of home-based telemedicine is evidence of this.
Use of the neuraminidase inhibitor class of antiviral drugs for treatment of healthy adults with an acute influenza-like illness

Abstract [Pitts SR. Use of the neuraminidase inhibitor class of antiviral drugs for treatment of healthy adults with an acute influenza-like illness. Ann Emerg Med. May 2002;39:552-554.]
Decondensation of the mouse sperm nucleus within the interphase nucleus

Sperm nuclei incorporated into the cytoplasm (ooplasm) of fertilised mouse eggs at the pronuclear stage remain condensed, whereas those injected into male or female pronuclei decondense. Similarly, sperm nuclei injected into germinal vesicles of immature oocytes or the nuclei of 2-cell embryos decondense, while those entering the cytoplasm of these oocytes / embryos do not. These facts seem to suggest that factors necessary for the decondensation of sperm nucleus are present in interphase nuclei and are released into the ooplasm during nuclear envelope breakdown. Nucleoplasmin, which is synthesised in the cytoplasm and accumulated within the nucleus, is likely a major candidate for these factors.
Mass determination of receptor-mediated accumulation of phosphatidate and diglycerides in human neutrophils measured by Coomassie blue staining and densitometry.

Abstract Quantitation of 1,2-diacylglycerol (AAG), 1- O -alkyl-2-acylglycerol (EAG) and phosphatidic acid (PA) was conducted in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) labeled with 1- O -[3H]alkyl-2-acyl-GPC following stimulation with 1 uM fMLP using Coomassie blue staining and densitometry. At 5s AAG and PA increased by 80% and 107%, respectively, over controls. The accumulation of PA, which reached a maximum by 30s, was higher than AAG by 302% at 5s, and 550% at 30s. EAG accumulation was delayed by 15s following stimulation of PMN. These results show that AAG accumulates before EAG and support the role of AAG in cellular activation, perhaps, via the stimulation of protein kinase C (PKC). EAG may serve to counter the effects of AAG or may itself elicit responses. The high concentrations of PA which accumulate early suggest that PA may be generated by the activation of phospholipase D in PMN stimulated with fMLP.
Distributed adaptive robust tracking and model matching control with actuator faults and interconnection failures

In this paper, direct adaptive-state feedback control schemes are developed to solve the robust tracking and model matching control problem for a class of distributed large scale systems with actuator faults, faulty and perturbed interconnection links, and external disturbances. The adaptation laws are proposed to update the controller parameters on-line when all the eventual faults, the upper bounds of perturbations and disturbances are assumed to be unknown. Then a class of distributed state feedback controllers is constructed to automatically compensate the fault, perturbation and disturbance effects based on the information from adaptive schemes. The proposed distributed adaptive tracking controller can ensure that the resulting adaptive closed-loop large-scale system is stable and the tracking error decreases asymptotically to zero in the presence of uncertain faults of actuators and interconnections, perturbations in interconnection channels, and disturbances. The proposed adaptive design technique is finally evaluated in the light of a simulation example.
Post-settlement effects of habitat type and predator size on cannibalism of glaucothoe and juveniles of red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus

Abstract Postlarval (glaucothoe) and juvenile (first crab stage, C1) red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus actively select structurally complex substrata for settlement. Such habitats may provide them with shelter from predation during critical early stages. We tested this hypothesis by placing glaucothoe and juvenile crab in aquaria with or without natural or artificial habitats, and with or without predators (1–3-year-old red king crab) of two different sizes. Predators caused increased mortality of glaucothoe, but predator size, habitat presence and habitat type had no effect on survival. Predators caused significant mortality of C1 crabs in the absence of habitat, and mortality was inversely related to predator size. Density of glaucothoe on habitats was similar with or without predators, but density of C1 crab on habitats was higher than that of glaucothoe, and increased in the presence of large predators. Active selection for complex substrata by settling glaucothoe does not reduce cannibalism, but may pre-position them for improved survival after metamorphosis. In contrast, juvenile crabs modify their behavior to achieve higher densities in refuge habitats, which tends to dampen the effect of predation. These survival strategies may have evolved to compensate for the greater risk of predation in open habitats.
Thermal structure of the Barbados accretionary complex

Finite element modeling of the thermal structure within the Barbados subduction complex is carried out. Kinematics of the sediments inside the complex are computed from a viscous model with inhomogeneous viscosity and the effect of gravity. The model yields an uplift rate compatible with observational data. Advective heat transfer affects the heat flow across the complex. Imbricated thrust faulting further reduces the heat flow across the slope. These mechanisms predict an arcward decrease of heat flow on the lower slope, followed by an increase of heat flow approaching the ridge, little change in heat flow at the forearc basin, and a significant increase of heat flow near the volcanic are, in agreement with the existing observations.
Possible problem with neutron widths from decay-in-flight experiments

Abstract Recently, several papers have reported neutron widths obtained from decay-in-flight experiments. Many of these widths are larger than they are reasonably expected to be. This paper discusses the results and possible reasons for the discrepancies.
Dual Frequency Ring Magnet Power Supply with Flat-Bottom

A power supply is described that furnishes an essentially flat-bottom injection field, followed by a dual frequency cosine field. This results in efficient beam capture during injection and reduces significantly the peak rf power required during acceleration in a rapid-cycling synchrotron.
Solar irradiance variations from photometry of active regions

The Extreme Limb Photometer (ELP) has been used to measure the irradiance fluctuation of the sun due to selected active regions. Forty-five active regions that were completely scanned at various disk positions are included in the analysis. The contribution of these active regions to a global solar irradiance fluctuation has been correlated with photometric sunspot and facular indices (PSI and PFI) using published values of sunspot and calcium plage areas. The measured ELP fluctuations are converted to a global brightness fluctuation, Delta B/B. The sunspot component of Delta B/B correlates with PSI with r = 0.95. The facular component of Delta B/B correlates with PFI with r = 0.72. The expression for PFI is important to the question of energy balance between sunspots and faculae and the results presented here are not incompatible with energy balance between the two phenomena; that is the energy deficit of sunspots may be balanced by the energy excess of faculae.
Membrane-initiated Estrogen Signaling in Hypothalamic Neurons

It is well known that many of the actions of 17beta-estradiol (E2) in the central nervous system are mediated via intracellular receptor/transcription factors that interact with steroid response elements on target genes. However, there is compelling evidence for membrane steroid receptors for estrogen in hypothalamic and other brain neurons. But it is not well understood how estrogen signals via membrane receptors, and how these signals impact not only membrane excitability but also gene transcription in neurons. Indeed, it has been known for sometime that E2 can rapidly alter neuronal activity within seconds, indicating that some cellular effects can occur via membrane delimited events. In addition, E2 can affect second messenger systems including calcium mobilization and a plethora of kinases to alter cell signaling. Therefore, this review will consider our current knowledge of rapid membrane-initiated and intracellular signaling by E2 in the hypothalamus, the nature of receptors involved and how they contribute to homeostatic functions.
Adaptive output-feedback control of planar hybrid step motors using position-only feedback

In this paper, the design of a nonlinear robust adaptive dynamic output-feedback controller for voltage-fed dual-axis linear stepper (Sawyer) motors is addressed using a detailed motor model with electrical dynamics and significant uncertainties and disturbances. The proposed controller utilizes only position measurements in each axis, and achieves practical stabilization of position tracking errors. Velocity and current measurements are not required for feedback. Furthermore, the only electromechanical motor parameter that is required to be known is the time constant of the electrical subsystem. Adaptations are utilized to remove requirement of knowledge of any other electromechanical system parameters. The controller is robust to load torques, friction, cogging forces, and other disturbances satisfying certain bounds. The controller also corrects for the yaw rotation to achieve synchrony of motor and rotor teeth.
Size Effect Hidden in Excessive Dead Load Factor

The paper shows that the excessive value of the dead load factor in the ultimate load requirements of the current structural design code implies a size effect. The size effect implied, however, does not have a rational form; it cannot distinguish among various types of failure in which very different size effects apply. This size effect partly compensates for the absence of the actual size effect, primarily the size effect due to energy release, from the current code specifications. Therefore, it would be dangerous to reduce the dead load factor without simultaneously introducing size effect provisions into the code. The question of a possible reduction in the dead load factor cannot be separated from the question of size effect, and so the fracture experts and reliability experts must collaborate. Further it is shown that a possible size effect is hidden in a reliability-based code due to the fact that the reliability implied in the code increases with the contribution of the dead load effect to the overall gravity load effect. The overreliability ratio defined in this study may be used to quantify the additional size effect that can be hidden in a reliability-based code.