cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rare somatic cells from human breast tissue exhibit extensive lineage plasticity.

We identified cell surface markers associated with repression of p16INK4a/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A(CDKN2A), a critical determinant in the acquisition of a plastic state. These cell surface markers allowed direct isolation of rare cells from healthy human breast tissue that exhibit extensive lineage plasticity. This subpopulation is poised to transcribe plasticity markers, OCT3/4, SOX2, and NANOG, at levels similar to those measured in human embryonic stem cells and to acquire a plastic state sensitive to environmental programming. In vitro, in vivo, and teratoma assays demonstrated that either a directly sorted (uncultured) or a single-cell (clonogenic) cell population from primary tissue can differentiate into functional derivatives of each germ layer, ectodermal, endodermal, and mesodermal. In contrast to other cells that express OCT3/4, SOX2, and NANOG, these human endogenous plastic somatic cells are mortal, express low telomerase activity, expand for an extensive but finite number of population doublings, and maintain a diploid karyotype before arresting in G1.
Progress in targeting cell envelope biogenesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Most of the newly discovered compounds showing promise for the treatment of TB, notably multidrug-resistant TB, inhibit aspects of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell envelope metabolism. This review reflects on the evolution of the knowledge that many of the front-line and emerging products inhibit aspects of cell envelope metabolism and in the process are bactericidal not only against actively replicating M. tuberculosis, but contrary to earlier impressions, are effective against latent forms of the disease. While mycolic acid and arabinogalactan synthesis are still primary targets of existing and new drugs, peptidoglycan synthesis, transport mechanisms and the synthesis of the decaprenyl-phosphate carrier lipid all show considerable promise as targets for new products, older drugs and new combinations. The advantages of whole cell- versus target-based screening in the perpetual search for new targets and products to counter multidrug-resistant TB are discussed.
Fabrication and Characterization of Patterned Single-Crystal Silicon Nanolines

This letter demonstrates a method for fabricating single-crystal Si nanolines, with rectangular cross sections and nearly atomically flat sidewalls. The high quality of these nanolines leads to superb mechanical properties, with the strain to fracture measured by nanoindentation tests exceeding 8.5% for lines of 74 nm width. A large displacement burst before fracture was observed, which is attributed to a buckling mechanism. Numerical simulations show that the critical load for buckling depends on the friction at the contact surface.
Automatic sanitization of social network data to prevent inference attacks

As the privacy concerns related to information release in social networks become a more mainstream concern, data owners will need to utilize a variety of privacy-preserving methods of examining this data. Here, we propose a method of data generalization that applies to social networks and present some initial findings for the utility/privacy tradeoff required for its use.
Hexaarylbiimidazoles as visible light thiol-ene photoinitiators.

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study is to determine if hexaarylbiimidazoles (HABIs) are efficient, visible light-active photoinitiators for thiol–ene systems. We hypothesize that, owing to the reactivity of lophyl radicals with thiols and the necessarily high concentration of thiol in thiol–ene formulations, HABIs will effectively initiate thiol–ene polymerization upon visible light irradiation. Methods UV–vis absorption spectra of photoinitiator solutions were obtained using UV–vis spectroscopy, while EPR spectroscopy was used to confirm radical species generation upon HABI photolysis. Functional group conversions during photopolymerization were monitored using FTIR spectroscopy, and thermomechanical properties were determined using dynamic mechanical analysis. Results The HABI derivatives investigated exhibit less absorptivity than camphorquinone at 469 nm; however, they afford increased sensitivity at this wavelength when compared with bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphineoxide. Photolysis of the investigated HABIs affords lophyl radicals. Affixing hydroxyhexyl functional groups to the HABI core significantly improved solubility. Thiol–ene resins formulated with HABI photoinitiators polymerized rapidly upon irradiation with 469 nm. The glass transition temperatures of the thiol–ene resin formulated with a bis(hydroxyhexyl)-functionalized HABI and photopolymerized at room and body temperature were 49.5 ± 0.5 °C and 52.2 ± 0.1 °C, respectively. Significance Although thiol–enes show promise as continuous phases for composite dental restorative materials, they show poor reactivity with the conventional camphorquinone/tertiary amine photoinitiation system. Conversely, despite their relatively low visible light absorptivity, HABI photoinitiators afford rapid thiol–ene photopolymerization rates. Moreover, minor structural modifications suggest pathways for improved HABI solubility and visible light absorption.
Biosynthesis and secretion of fibronectin in human melanoma cells

The biosynthesis and secretion of cellular fibronectin from human melanoma cells have been investigated by pluse-chase/immunoprecipitation analysis. Melanoma cells synthesize endolglycosidase H (Endo H)-sensitive glycoprotein precursors of fibronectin glycoproteins which chase to an Endo H-resistant monomer with an apparent Mr of 240,000 (240 K). This molecule, which has a significantly higher molecular weight than normal plasma or cellular fibronectin, is rapidly secreted by melanoma cells, resulting in the secretion of 80% of newly synthesized fibronectin in 120 min, following a 10-min biosynthetic pulse. This active secretory process can be inhibited by brief exposure of melanoma cells to sodium monensin (10−7 M), which also results in a modified fibronectin of lower apparent Mr. Monosaccharide-incorporation studies of melanoma fibronectin reveal that monensin significantly inhibits galactose and fucose incorporation into this glycoprotein, correlating with reported effects of monensin on Golgi apparatus functions. These studies indicate that this tumor-associated and biosynthetically altered cellular fibronectin is a rapidly secreted major N-linked glycoprotein of metastatic human melanoma cells.
Quantitative chiral analysis of phthaloylglutamic acid and related analogs by a single ratio kinetic method using electrospray ionization and matrix‐assisted laser desorption techniques

A rapid method for quantitative chiral analysis of phthaloylglutamic acid and its dimethyl ester by Cook's kinetic method is demonstrated using electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption techniques. Transition-metal-bound complex ions containing the chiral phthaloylglutamic acid and its dimethyl ester are generated by ESI mass spectrometry and subjected to collision-induced dissociation. The ratio of the two competitive dissociation rates is related to the enantiomeric composition of the drug mixture. A seven-point calibration curve, derived from the kinetic method, allowed rapid quantitation of the enantiomeric excess of drug mixtures. In this paper, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) coupled with the linear ion trap (LIT) technique is evaluated for its applicability as a complementary technique to ESI for chiral discrimination and quantitation.
Box-to-box disk mirroring using Ethernet

Failover between file server boxes requires data mirroring between them if they don't share access to the disk drives, which is typical for low-end and mid-range network attached storage servers. Most of designs for such data mirroring is done using existing network connections and on top of IP or TCP. The paper presents a design using an additional dedicated Ethernet interface and working directly on top of the data link layer. The proposed scheme will have the advantage of better performance including low overhead during normal operations and fast re-synchronization during recovery.
James Baldwin: Voyages in Search of Love

From the time of his early adolescence until his death, traveling was one of, if not the, driving force of James Baldwin’s life. He traveled to escape, he travelled to discover, and he traveled because traveling was a way of knowing himself, of realizing his vocation.
A Method for Overlapping Two DIC Views by Using a Two-Tone Speckle Pattern

Because both the accuracy and spatial resolution of digital image correlation (DIC) are directly related to the field-of-view and the number of pixels, it is sometimes advantageous to have a tight view for high resolution measurements and a wide view for overall object deformation. This approach will be demonstrated using a high-speed measurement of the deformation and strain of a riveted thin plate with an explosive loading. Overall plate deformation was provided by a wide-view stereo system, while a tight view of a section of the rivets was imaged with a second stereo pair to measure the strain around the rivet holes. The challenge is creating a speckle pattern which will work with both systems without creating holes in the overall measurement data. This was accomplished by creating a black/white course pattern for the wide view and a black/grey/white fine pattern for the tight view. The grey speckles were sized such that they are not resolved by the wide view and therefore do not compromise the full-field measurement. Details of the process and example results will be presented.
Gestaltung und Optimierung von Unternehmensnetzwerken — Supply Chain Management in der Automobilindustrie

Die Schwerpunkte fur Absatz und Beschaffung bildeten fur die internationale Automobilindustrie bisher vor Allem Europa, Nordamerika und Japan. Die Markte in Sudamerika sind traditionell auch von groser Bedeutung, aber hier gab es immer wieder, ausgelost durch wirtschaftliche bzw. wahrungsbedingte Probleme, grose Schwankungen in den Volumen. Aktuell kristallisieren sich jetzt neue Vermarktungsbzw. Beschaffungsmarkte heraus, hier sind vor Allem China, ASEAN, Indien und Russland zu nennen. Diese Entwicklungen stellen das Supply Chain Management vor neue Herausforderungen.
Vermont's Social Hybrid Pioneers: Early Observation and Questions to Ponder

On April 30, 2008, Vermont recognized a new business entity form, the Low Profit Liability Company, also known as the L3C. An L3C is a for-profit organization, designed to retain the flexibility of a limited liability company (LLC), but with a primary motivation to achieve a charitable goal. It is also designed to facilitate social investing from private foundations through program related investments (PRIs). In the two plus years since Vermont adopted the L3C, six other states and two tribal nations have recognized this new social hybrid. During that time, 101 social entrepreneurs also registered their L3Cs with Vermont’s Secretary of State. This article examines the experiences of those early adopters of the L3C business form. Through surveys, phone conversations, and examinations of web sites, I explored the reasons these entrepreneurs chose the L3C over alternatives such as a traditional LLC or a Section 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization. I found a group of entrepreneurs who embraced the unofficial slogan of the L3C, “the for profit with a nonprofit soul.” The flexibility and simplicity of the L3C form also appealed to them. The possibility of attracting PRIs intrigued some, but certainly not all, of these entrepreneurs, and it was not the prime motivator for any of them. Given a choice between creating a traditional LLC or a Section 501(c)(3) tax exempt organization, every person interviewed would choose the LLC. These findings suggest that the motivations of the early L3C entrepreneurs in adopting this business form do not match the expectations of those who created the L3C. For a variety of reasons discussed in the article, this result is not surprising, and it may change over time. Nevertheless, these findings can inform legislators and others who are following the development of the L3C, and they raise broader questions for policy makers in the nonprofit and for-profit business arenas.
Rate Rules, Branching Ratios, and Pressure Dependence of the HO2 + Olefin Addition Channels

In this work, we present high-pressure rate rules and branching ratios for the addition of HO2 to olefins through the concerted addition channel to form an alkyl peroxy radical (HO2 + olefin → RO2) and through the radical addition channel to form a β-hydroperoxy alkyl radical (HO2 + olefin → β-QOOH). These rate rules were developed by calculating rate constants for a series of addition reactions involving olefins with varying degrees of branching. The individual rate expressions were determined from electronic structure calculations performed at the CBS-QB3 level of theory combined with TST calculations. The calculated rate constants were found to be in good agreement with those reported in the literature. Next, we calculated apparent pressure- and temperature-dependent rate constants for HO2 addition to the terminal site of 1-butene using an energy-grained master equation (ME) approach and QRRK calculations with a modified strong collision (MSC) approximation. The two methods gave similar results for bot...
The Office Affair: Myth and Reality for Heterosexual and Lesbian Women Workers

In the last few years, there has been increased interest in “office affairs.” Although traditionally workplace sexual relationships were the subject of gossip, but little serious attention, they ar...
Social desirability and the measurement of psychological well-being in elderly persons.

The discriminant validity of two commonly used measures of life satisfaction was investigated. The Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale, the Life Satisfaction Index-B, and two theoretically unrelated self-report measures were completed by 60 alumni of West Virginia University, aged 66 to 86 years. Convergent validity of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale and the Life Satisfaction Index-B was established (r = .64, p less than .0001), but both also correlated significantly with a measure of social desirability (r = .70 and .58, respectively, p less than .0001). The need for more basic work on measurement of life satisfaction in elderly persons was discussed.
The Agreement of Poly-5,5'-(4,4'-Dinonyl-2,2'Bithiazole) Spectral Signatures to those of Corresponding Oligomers

Study of the electronic spectra of conjugated oligomers can provide a useful approach to obtain an analysis of the often complicated spectra of their corresponding polymers. One advantage of studying oligomers is that there is often a well defined conformational morphology and one may eliminate or reduce the spectral consequences of a distribution of conjugation lengths. In the present work, electronic spectra of some oligomers of poly-5,5'-(4,4'-dinonyl-2,2'bithiazole) were studied, both in solution and in the solid state, and the results compared with spectra of the polymer. For solution data, the plot of molar extinction coefficient vs. the number of double bonds is found to be linear, as is the Kuhn plot. This is consistent with quantum-chemical molecular modeling calculations, and closely resembles the behavior of other conjugated oligomers, such as polythiophenes and polyenes. However, the solid state spectra exhibit a large red shift in both absorption and emission. These and other results suggest the presence of strong intermolecular interactions in the solid state that significantly modify the magnitude of the homo-lumo gap of the oligothiazoles and their polymers. By comparing oligothiazoles in solution to thin film results, polymer behavior is explored.
13 A MITOCHONDRIA-TARGETED DNA REPAIR ENZYME, HOGG-1, PREVENTS OXIDANT-INDUCED A549 CELL APOPTOSIS BY PRESERVING MITOCHONDRIAL ACONITASE.

Oxidant-induced alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) apoptosis is implicated in mediating lung injury, fibrosis, and malignant transformation by mechanisms that are not fully established. We previously reported that oxidative stress (eg, amosite asbestos or H2O2) induces mitochondria-regulated AEC apoptosis and that overexpression of a mitochondria-targeted DNA repair enzyme, human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase 1 (mt-hOgg-1), is protective. In this study, we explore the mechanism underlying the protective effects of mt-hOgg-1 (kind gift of Dr. M. Gillespie). We find that the protective effects are not due to redox activity of mt-hOgg-1 since, compared with empty vector controls, mt-hOgg-1 overexpressing A549 cells did not alter asbestos-induced ROS production as assessed by either DCF fluorescence or an adenovirally expressed redox sensor (ro-GFP) targeted to the mitochondria. As expected, mt-hOgg-1 enhanced DNA repair assessed by an 8-oxoG incision assay (1.7 ± 0.2-fold vs control; p Funding: VA Merit Award (DK), NIH-HL67835-01 (GRSB).
Growth and Enrichment Characteristics of Co-rich Crusts in the Western Pacific

Detailed researches on the growth and enrichment characteristics of Co-rich crusts from the Magellan seamounts in the Western Pacific have been approached in the paper. The studies show that the crusts have been growing since the Paleogene, and that the growth rate varies from 1.5 to 12.3 mm/Ma, showing a difference of almost one order of magnitude between them. The mean growth rate is 3.81 mm/Ma. There are Remarkable differences in the geochemical behaviors of ore-forming elements during the growth. The environmental change around the O/M boundary, which probably corresponds to abrupt changes in the structure, color and luster in profile, hints an important message on the growth age. The temporal evolution of ore-forming elements is mainly controlled by a combined effect of the properties of seawater chemistry and the actions of various geological agents. The minerogenetic and non-minerogenetic processes are closely related and affect each other during the growth. A striking liner relationship between the partition coefficients of Co-rich crusts and pelagic clays is found, illustrating their similar mechanism of element enrichment. Besides, the paper also discusses the relations between the element's mean retention time, the electron binding energies of cations and their hydrolysis in seawater as well as the enrichment of Co-rich crusts.
Patient stratification and its predictive value for cardiac events.

In the GUSTO IIb trial, the combined rate of death and non-fatal myocardial infarction for patients with unstable coronary syndromes was nearly 10% despite therapy with aspirin, heparin or hirudin, beta-blockers, nitrates and, in selective patients, calcium channel blockers. Thus, therapy of such patients can be improved. Follow-up and therapy can be optimized if patients can be stratified by risk according to characteristics on admission. In the GUSTO IIb trial, age, low systolic and diastolic blood pressure and high heart rate were important determining factors of outcome in both ST- and non-ST elevation patients. In the TIMI IIIB study, rest pain within the first 48 h in patients with unstable angina or post-myocardial infarction was associated with a higher incidence of cardiac events. In addition, mortality was influenced by the number of leads with ST changes and the extent of ST deflection. Additional data from GUSTO IIa showed that elevated troponin-T levels were associated with a higher incidence of mortality. A similar relationship was shown with troponin-I in the TIMI study. The FRISC trial demonstrated that patients with elevated troponin-T levels treated with a low-molecular-weight heparin had comparable death/ myocardial infarction rates to patients without elevated troponin-T levels.
Length variables in sentence imitation.

The present study was designed to determine which of three indices of sentence length most effectively predicted pre-schooler's correct sentence imitations : total number of words; number of content words only; or the density of content words within a sentence. Twenty-four pre-school children, mean age 3.11 years, were asked to imitate 32 sentences which varied in total number of words, number of content words, and lexical density. Analysis of the childrens' correct responses, using verbatim imitation criteria, revealed that the ordering of sentences obtained was one not predicted by any of the three length indices. Re-examination of the sentences suggested that the number of morphemes (the number of meaningful units), rather than the number of orthographically defined words, might be the appropriate counting index. A significant Spearman rank order correlation (r = + 0.67, 30 d.f., p <0.01) was found between morpheme length and sentence difficulty. It was concluded that morpheme length rather than word l...
Acting out and the narrative function : reconsidering Peter Blos's concept of the second individuation process

The role and meaning of narratives in psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy has begun to be explored over the past few years. Little, if any, of this material has been related to adolescent psychotherapy and it is the purpose of this paper to make some preliminary inquiries into how narratives might operate in this sphere. To explore this hypothesis, Peter Blos's ideas on adolescent acting out are related to a theory of narrative developed by the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur. Blos conceives of adolescent acting out as a part of attempts by adolescents to develop a coherent identity in what he refers to as a second individuation process. A link is proposed between adolescent acting out and Ricoeur's notion of narrative as the structure that undergirds the process of identity formation.
Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence and Reduction in Inmates Prescribed Antipsychotic Medications

The principal aim of this study was to establish whether a metabolic monitoring program implemented for second-generation antipsychotic medications (SGAs) was associated with any reduction in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adult inmates treated with antipsychotic medications in the New Jersey Department of Corrections. The average prevalence of metabolic syndrome in those prescribed SGAs decreased from 17.9% during the years before metabolic monitoring to 14.3% during the years of monitoring. The number of patients prescribed antipsychotic medication decreased a net 35% over 9 years of the study. We conclude that metabolic monitoring was one of the several administrative interventions over the study period that reduced the unnecessary exposure of inmates to the risks of antipsychotic medications.
Multidimensional perfectionism and locus of control: Adaptive vs. maladaptive perfectionism.

Abstract To investigate the relationship between perfectionism and locus of control, the researchers administered measures of multidimensional perfectionism and locus of control to two hundred and sixty-two undergraduate students. The researchers found that adaptive perfectionists and maladaptive perfectionists had significantly higher internal locus of control scores than non-perfectionists and that maladaptive perfectionists had significantly higher external locus of control-powerful others than both adaptive perfectionists and non-perfectionists.
Fabrication and simulation of semi-transparent and flexible PMMA/ATO conductive nanocomposites obtained by compression molding at different temperatures and pressures

This paper investigated the effect of temperature and pressure on the microstructure and electrical behavior of compression molded and mechanically blended polymer composites. Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and antimony tin oxide (ATO) were used as the matrix and conductive filler respectively and the composition was varied from 0 to 1.75 ATO vol %. Mixtures of the two precursor materials were compression molded at temperatures ranging from 150 to 190 °C and pressures ranging from 12 to 50 MPa. It was found that a segregated network microstructure was formed in all cases but that the distribution of the conductive ATO fillers varied as a function of the compression molding temperature and pressure used. The thickness of the specimens, determined by the amount of precursor materials and pressure used during compression molding, was also found to affect the resulting microstructure and concomitant properties. The electrical conductivity of these polymer matrix composites can be increased by up to 2 order...
The divisor class group of splittable Zariski surfaces

Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 0 and g ∈ k[x,y]. Let Xg ⊂ Ak3 be a normal variety defined by the equation zp = g(x,y). If g is a product of n linear factors in k[x,y], not necessarily homogeneous, where n equals the degree of g, we say that Xg is splittable. In this paper, we calculate the group of Weil divisors of a splittable Xg for a generic g when the characteristic of k equals 2. In the process, we describe a general approach to studying class groups of splittable Xg that we believe should yield results when p > 2.
Multidimensional laser cooling of broad- and narrow-line 0 ↔ 1 dipole transitions

We present a detailed study of laser cooling of neutral atoms with an electric-dipole transition between a ${J}_{g}=0$ ground state and a ${J}_{e}=1$ excited state, for both broad- and narrow-line transitions. We focus on the novel effects arising from the multidimensional nature of the laser configuration and point out under which conditions these features can be observed in practice. Our analysis also shows that qualitative differences in multidimensional laser cooling properties exist between the broad- and the narrow-line transitions.
Gutenberg's Europe: The Book and the Invention of Western Modernity

By Frederic BarbierCambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2017, 312 pp.Most journalism scholars have basic knowledge about Johannes Gutenberg and his invention of the printing press. After all, his fifteenth...
Integrating Sustainable Design into Architectural Education

Integrating Sustainable Design Into Architectural Education Victor W. Olgyay, AIA University of Hawaii at Manoa The ecological health of our environment is profoundly affected by the design of our built environment. This paper describes recent experiments teaching sustainability within the architectural curriculum at the School of Architecture, University of Hawaii at Manoa (UH SoA). Examples show environmental issues integrated into both initial and advanced design studios. Like environmental issues, architectural education is by nature interdisciplinary. Architectural design studios require the combination of information from many disciplines, including history, materials, structures, engineering, meteorology, social sciences and others. This wealth of information is both an asset and a liability. Since there are few boundaries as to what is considered relevant design information, it is easy to add additional material. However, there is often too much content for students to consider meaningfully. In the beginning design studios, sustainable design was taught by focusing on a tangible project, in this case collaboration with Maui Community College on the design of and construction of an eco-village. To solve this relatively small architectural program, students also had to learn the technology of environmental systems. Information on sustainability was pursued theoretically in the advanced studio by investigating the morphology of environmental forces. This approach required students to combine information from previous experiences (both architectural and non-architectural) with topical investigations. This resulted in original research as well as examples of advanced application of environmental technologies to building form. These studios have successfully brought the issues of environmental sustainability from the periphery of architecture education to become a standard element in the palate of design concerns. Normalizing issues of sustainable design encourages students graduating from schools of architecture to contribute to an ethic of environmental responsibility. Victor W. Olgyay, Associate Professor, AIA,
Psoas/iliacus muscle invasion from mucinous appendiceal neoplasm. Radiologic appearance and outcome of treatment in 3 patients.

Abstract Background Mucinous appendiceal neoplasms have a pattern of metastases that is different from the other gastrointestinal cancers. The first site for cancer dissemination is the peritoneal space surrounding the primary tumor and this is followed by increasingly extensive peritoneal spread. Invasion of the psoas and iliacus muscle is an unusual phenomenon. Method From a prospective database of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms treated by cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and perioperative hyperthermic chemotherapy (HIPEC), patients with psoas muscle invasion were reviewed. Their clinical features and treatments were tabulated. Results Three patients with ages 33, 60, and 63 were identified. Two patients had disease progression into the psoas muscle 33 and 95 months after CRS plus HIPEC. One had dissecting mucinous tumor into psoas, iliacus and quadratus lumborum muscle at the time of diagnosis of the appendiceal mucinous neoplasm. All three survived at least five years from their initial treatment. Conclusion Despite the fact that mucinous tumor invasion was outside the peritoneal cavity, long term benefit from psoas muscle resection with a mucinous appendiceal neoplasm is possible and resection possibly with HIPEC should be considered.
Philosophical Education in the Platonic Corpus

Education is broached in many ways in Plato’s corpus. This chapter discusses (a) the educators among the characters of the dialogues, (b) the dialogues in which education is a central theme, and (c) how Plato casts philosophy as fundamentally an educational enterprise.
Being of one substance

An attempt is made to provide a consistent, independently motivated metaphysics of the Trinity by invoking an ontology of substances, attributes, and modes in the spirit of Descartes and Spinoza. The Trinity comprises one substance, triply attributed, where distinctions among attributes are ‘of reasoned reason’ only, but ‘founded’ in the nature of the substance.
Gender Inequality in Families

Gender inequality permeates society at all levels and in the context of most social institutions. One institution in which gender inequality remains resistant to change is the family. Over time, various theories have examined the causes of gender inequality generally, including biology, sex roles, and “doing gender,” each of which has also been applied to gender inequality in the family. Critiques of these approaches include their over-determinism, inability to grapple with gender inequality at macro social levels, and failure to theorize about change. The gender as structure approach looks at gender across multiple levels of social reality simultaneously. This dynamic, multi-faceted theoretical approach can be used to address gender inequality in families to the extent that we are able to take advantage of its complexity. After looking at, and critiquing, various historical approaches to gender inequality, this chapter notes that the gender as structure approach is best suited to examine gender inequality in families today, which are themselves characterized by dynamic fluidity and complexity, and to offer potential avenues for altering that inequality.
Fatal heatstroke in a young woman with previously undiagnosed Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Heatstroke represents the most severe form of the heat-related illnesses. Potentially fatal, heatstroke most often affects the elderly, obese, or chronically ill. Thyroid disease, which may interfere with the normal regulation of body temperature, has not previously been reported in cases of heatstroke. A fatal case is reported in a young woman discovered unconscious in a sauna who was found to have preexisting Hashimoto's thyroiditis on subsequent autopsy. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism in heatstroke rests on clinical information and morphologic observations. This case underscores the importance of evaluating the thyroid in unusual cases of heatstroke.
EEG Monitoring Of Carotid Endarterectomy: Report Of 100 Cases

(1981). EEG Monitoring Of Carotid Endarterectomy: Report Of 100 Cases. American Journal of EEG Technology: Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 115-120.
Public Attitudes Toward Nanotechnology

Data from 3909 respondents to an Internet survey questionnaire provide the first insights into public perceptions of nanotechnology. Quantitative analysis of statistics about agreement and disagreement with two statements, one positive and the other negative, reveals high levels of enthusiasm for the potential benefits of nanotechnology and little concern about possible dangers. The respondents mentally connect nanotechnology with the space program, nuclear power, and cloning research, but rate it more favorably. In contrast, they do not associate nanotechnology with pseudoscience, despite its imaginative exploitation by science fiction writers. Qualitative analysis of written comments from 598 respondents indicates that many ideas about the value of nanotechnology have entered popular culture, and it provides material for an additional 108 questionnaire items that can be used in future surveys on the topic. The findings of this exploratory study can serve as benchmarks against which to compare results of future research on the evolving status of nanotechnology in society.
Plant and stand response to early season insect- induced stress in a model system

Responses of soybean plants and stands to simulated s&edcorn maggot, Delia platura (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), injury were evaluated in field studies from 1983 to 1986 in Iowa. Two aspects of injury, stand reduction and plumule destruction, were considered. Higher crop growth rates (CGRs) and leaf area indexes (LAIs) were associated with higher plant densities. Differences between responses of uninjured and plumuleinjured plants to stand density were noted. Examinations of competition between uninjured and plumule-injured plants indicated that uninjured plants were competitively superior to injured plants. Competitive interactions were influenced by plant density. Phenological delay associated with plumule injury contributed to height differences between uninjured and injured plants, which, in turn, lead to substantial differences in development between injured and uninjured plants. Consequently, unequal competition between uninjured and injured plants was identified as a major consequence of plumule injury.
A simple model for complex networks with arbitrary degree distribution and clustering

We present a stochastic model for networks with arbitrary degree distributions and average clustering coefficient. Many descriptions of networks are based solely on their computed degree distribution and clustering coefficient.We propose a statistical model based on these characterizations. This model generalizes models based solely on the degree distribution and is within the curved exponential family class. We present alternative parameterizations of the model. Each parameterization of the model is interpretable and tunable. We present a simple Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to generate networks with the specified characteristics. We provide an algorithm based on MCMC to infer the network properties from network data and develop statistical inference for the model. The model is generalizable to include mixing based on attributes and other complex social structure. An application is made to modeling a protein to protein interaction network.
Newman's Vision of a University: Then and Now.

Catholic universities face many challenges today. Increasing secularization, faculty salaries, external funding, Catholic identity, academic freedom, and institutional autonomy are among the most prominent. This essay examines the contributions of John Henry Newman to Catholic higher education and argues for their relevance today.
Two-Stage Revision of Total Hip Arthroplasty for Infection Is Associated with a High Rate of Dislocation.

BACKGROUND Two-stage exchange is the most common form of treatment of chronic infection following total hip arthroplasty (THA). We examined the prevalence of, and risk factors associated with, hip instability following 2-stage exchange as well as the fate of reimplanted hip prostheses that dislocated. METHODS Data on 515 2-stage exchange THAs performed between 2000 and 2014 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. Risk factors for instability as well as postoperative reoperations and revisions were analyzed. The impact of dislocation on these outcomes was evaluated as well. The mean age at the time of reimplantation was 65 years, and the mean duration of follow-up was 5 years (range, 2 to 15 years). RESULTS Dislocation occurred in 52 hips following reimplantation (cumulative probability = 8.9% at 1 year). There was a higher risk of instability in women (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.8, p = 0.038) and in those who had a history of dislocation prior to the 2-stage revision (HR = 5.1, p < 0.001). Younger age, body mass index, number of previous operations, spacer type, surgical approach, use of a constrained liner, femoral head diameter, and persistent or recurrent infection were not found to be significant risk factors. Patients with an absent or ununited greater trochanter or abductor deficiency also had a higher rate of dislocation (HR = 30, p < 0.001), as did patients who underwent reimplantation with a megaprosthesis (HR = 6.0, p < 0.001). The risk of additional reoperations (HR = 121, p < 0.001) and revision surgery (HR = 13, p < 0.001) was significantly higher in patients who experienced a dislocation after the 2-stage exchange. CONCLUSIONS Dislocation after 2-stage exchange THA continues to be a major concern, with the 1-year cumulative probability found to be 9% in the present study. Female sex, a history of dislocation, an absent or ununited greater trochanter or abductor deficiency, and reimplantation with a megaprosthesis were identified as risk factors for dislocation. There is a remarkable 121-fold increase in the rate of reoperations and a 13-fold increase in the rate of revisions in hips that dislocated after 2-stage exchange THA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Thinking Outside of Functional Fixedness with the Aide of Mental Fatigue

This research explored the relationship between mental fatigue and creativity by testing the creative potential of 25 Keene State College students, half of which were subjected to mental fatigue. L...
The STEP Standards in Semantic Web — A Way to Integrate the Product Development Chain

Nowadays, the production enterprise may become a network of independent companies which share experiences, knowledge and capacities. However, to transform this network into a competitive advantage requires that information be exchanged efficiently. As project and component production are elaborated increasingly by a network of suppliers and as the process becomes faster to answer consumers’ demands, the integration problem extends beyond the limits of the system and company. A new approach to this problem is the Semantic Web, an emerging area of research that purposes to guarantee interaction among information systems, to permit a variety of complex applications through the characteristics of semantic descriptions of web resources (data and services).
Near-zero-index materials for photonics

The discovery, design and development of materials are critically linked to advances in many areas of research, and optics is no exception. Recently, the spectral region in which the index of refraction of a material approaches zero has become a topic of interest owing to fascinating phenomena, such as static light, enhanced nonlinearities, light tunnelling and emission tailoring. As a result, such near-zero-index (NZI) materials bridge materials development and optical research. Here, we review recent advances in various classes of NZI platforms, with particular focus on homogeneous materials, including metals, semi-metals, doped semiconductors, phononic and interband materials, discussing the novel optical phenomena that they can produce. We also overview the developments in a key area for NZI materials, nonlinear optics, and survey some of the future goals in the field, such as the development of tailorable NZI materials in the visible range and the improvement of the theoretical description of the nonlinear enhancements in these materials. Materials with a near-zero optical refractive index have stimulated much interest, as they can be used to investigate fundamental light–matter interactions. This Review surveys the wide range of near-zero-index homogeneous materials that have been explored and highlights the key experimental advancements they have enabled.
A Scalable Graph Analytics Framework for Programming with Big Data in R (pbdR)

Many disciplines such as biology, economics, engineering, physics, and the social sciences represent their data as graphs to capture patterns, trends, and associations. There are are many commercially available graph libraries in different programming languages to analyze these complex graphs. But there is no distributed graph library package in R – the popular statistical programming language to analyze graphs that bigger than a single machine’s memory. Many domain experts prefer R over the numerous other alternatives. Towards this, we present a distributed graph analytics framework for R called programming with big graph using R (pBGR.) Our proposed framework leverages the Programming with Big Data in R (pbdR) ecosystem that provides scalable R packages for distributed computing in data science. We present an early prototype implementation of this framework using the distributed-memory parallel graph library CombBLAS and evaluate the framework’s performance on leadership class computing platforms. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework is capable of performing large-scale parallel graph mining through the easyto-use R language. This enhanced graph processing capability coupled with other statistical tools already available in R, should be valuable to many domain experts.
Association of Primary Care Team Composition and Clinician Burnout in a Primary Care Practice Network

Abstract Objective To determine the relationship of the emotional exhaustion domain of burnout with care team composition in a Midwestern primary care practice network. Participants and Methods We studied 420 family medicine clinicians (253 physicians and 167 nurse practitioners/physician assistants [NP/PAs]) within a large integrated health system throughout 59 Midwestern communities. The observational cross-sectional study utilized a single-question clinician self-assessment of the emotional exhaustion domain of burnout on a scale of 0 (never) to 6 (daily) conducted between March 1 and April 2, 2018, and administrative data collected between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2017. We used a multivariable linear mixed model for data analysis, adjusted for clinical- and team-level factors, including clinician sex, panel size and complexity, clinician type (physician or NP/PA), clinician full-time equivalent (FTE), total care team panel size, and number of clinicians on the care team. Results Among 217 survey respondents (51.7%), the median frequency of the emotional exhaustion domain of burnout was once per week. Adjusted analyses revealed that a greater proportion of physician FTE on the care team was associated with a lower emotional exhaustion domain of burnout among individual clinicians (P=.05). Female clinicians had a higher emotional exhaustion domain of burnout than male clinicians (P=.05). None of the other variables in the model were associated with emotional exhaustion. Conclusion Primary care teams containing both physicians and NP/PAs had lower levels of emotional exhaustion with increasing proportion of physician FTE. More work is needed to explore what other variables may be associated with burnout in primary care team-based practices.
Conclusion: Bursting the Bubble – Brazil’s Failure in Africa

For the African origins of its population and its alliance with South Africa through BRICS, Brazil was expected to foster political and social renaissance in southern Africa. Instead, since the end of the presidency of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva (2003–2010), Brazil has abandoned any attempt to influence the Lusophone arena, let alone the continent as a whole. In exploring the reasons why Brazil failed in Africa, the conclusion discusses the different themes examined in the book and provides an original overview of the politics of narcotics trade in the South Atlantic.
Auditor Response to Negative Media Coverage of Client Environmental, Social, and Governance Practices

SYNOPSIS We use new data to examine auditor response to negative media coverage of client environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices. This coverage can be indicative of an increased risk...
Biomarkers and Surrogate End points in Multiple Sclerosis Trials: Regulatory Issues.

SUMMARY Evoked potentials have assisted in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis for years, but the potential to demonstrate pathophysiologic change has prompted a reconsideration of their potential role as outcome measures in clinical trials of multiple sclerosis. The use of any surrogate end point or biomarker in clinical trials requires a thorough understanding of that end point's performance characteristics and utility in a particular setting. This article explores regulatory issues regarding the use of biomarkers and surrogate end points in clinical trials of multiple sclerosis with particular emphasis on challenges faced by evoked potential studies.
The snob effect of red wine : estimating consumer bias in experimental blind wine tastings

Rising wine production in the United States has led to increased product availability in terms of price and grape varieties used to make the wines. This paper examines the potential biases that con...
The Kerr Principle , State Action, and Legal Rights

A Baltimore library refused to admit Louise Kerr to a training program because she was black. Not that it had anything against blacks, but its patrons did. When Kerr launched a civil suit against the library alleging a violation of equal protection of the laws, the courts credited the library's claim that it had no racist purpose, but Kerr still prevailed - even though the case occurred before Title VII and Brown v. Board of Education. Here a neutral and generally applicable rule ("serve the patrons"), when coupled with particular facts about private parties (the white patrons dislike blacks), yielded an unconstitutional outcome. Jumping off from an analysis of that case, Professor Herzog shows that that structure recurs across a wide range of puzzling cases in constitutional law, some well-known, some not. Not only may the state not respond to some facts about private parties, sometimes it must actively combat them. So the structure raises questions about state action and legal rights. Herzog uses the structure to show that, despite conventional wisdom, state action is about responsibility, not causation. He then turns to legal rights and shows that neither purpose nor effects tests can explain the turns the law takes in these cases; instead, Herzog develops a new conception, that of the overextended rule.