cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Energy minimization with guaranteed quality of service

Quality of service (QoS) is one of the key features for new Internet-based multimedia and other applications. meanwhile, energy remains as a big concern for systems that perform such applications. we address the isssue of combining system design concerns and QoS requirements to design systems that can deliver QoS quarantees. In this paper, we discuss how to satisfy QoS requirements and minimize the system's energy consumption. Specifically, we consider the following problem: Given a set of applications each specifying its required amount of computation and service time, how we allocate CPU time and determine the voltage profile on a variable voltage system, such that all the applications' requirements are satisfied and the system's total energy consumption is minimized. We optimally solve several basic cases and propse a dynamic programming procedure for the general case. Simulation shows that the new approach saves 38.75% energy over the system shut-down technique.
The Influence of Bottom Topography on the Stability of Jets in a Baroclinic Fluid.

Abstract The stability of a two-layer model is analyzed using a numerical method taking into account the effect of bottom topography. A jet in geostropic equilibrium exists in the upper layer and baroclinic instability may occur. It is found if the bottom topography has a large amplitude relative to the total depth, that it has a destabilizing rather than a stabilizing influence. Applying the model to the Gulf Stream, it is found that the most unstable disturbances, corresponding to the basic flow upstream from Cape Hatteras, are markedly different in wavelength and period from those corresponding to the basic flow downstream from Hatteras. The baroclinic disturbances in the model are consistent with the limited observational evidence on momentum transfer by Gulf Stream eddies.
Neurosurgery clinical registry data collection utilizing Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside and electronic health records at the University of Rochester

In a population health-driven health care system, data collection through the use of clinical registries is becoming imperative to continue to drive effective and efficient patient care. Clinical registries rely on a department’s ability to collect high-quality and accurate data. Currently, however, data are collected manually with a high risk for error. The University of Rochester’s Department of Neurosurgery in conjunction with the university’s Clinical and Translational Science Institute has implemented the integrated use of the Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) informatics framework with the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) databases.
Influence of caffeine on metabolic and cardiovascular functions during sustained light intensity cycling and at rest.

This study assessed the influence of caffeine on metabolic and cardiovascular functions during sustained, light intensity cycling and at rest. Eight healthy, recreationally active adults participated in four randomly assigned, double-blind experimental trials of 60 min upright seated cycle exercise (30% VO2 max) or equivalent rest with caffeine (5 mg.kg-1) or placebo consumed 60 min prior to data collection. Gas exchange was measured by open-circuit spirometry indirect calorimetry. Global blood flow was evaluated by thoracic impedance cardiography and arterial blood pressure by auscultation. A repeated measures ANOVA indicated that pretrial caffeine increased oxygen uptake and energy expenditure rate (p < 0.05) but did not change respiratory exchange ratio. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure were elevated following caffeine intake (p < 0.05). Cardiac output, heart rate, stroke volume, and systemic vascular resistance were not significantly different between caffeine and placebo sessions. For each of the metabolic and hemodynamic variables examined, the effects of caffeine were similar during constant-load, light intensity cycling and at rest. These data illustrate that caffeine's mild thermogenic influence can be mediated without a major shift in substrate oxidation mixture. Caffeine at this dosage level alters cardiovascular dynamics by augmenting arterial blood pressure.
When Nationals of Democracies Support Dictators: Legality of the Two Percent and the YPFDJ

Eritrea has become more than an African version of North Korea. The former Eritrean People’s Liberation Front (EPLF), since 1994 renamed the People’s Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ), has become a liberty-denier. However, the PFDJ, the sole and ruling party in the de facto one party repressive state since its independence in May 1991, rules with a significant political and financial support from Eritrea’s Diaspora in western democracies even when it is becoming clear that the unaccountable regime is using the support to severely oppress its people and destabilize the entire Horn of African in collaboration with some militant organizations. As a result, since December 2009 the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has imposed sanctions and recently its sanction Monitoring Group has recommended that national governments should examine domestic legislation to determine whether the collection of funds by party agents or community “wardens” of the PFDJ’s regime in their territories is in fact legal. This paper looks at the legality of the financial and political support the PFDJ’s regime gets from Eritrea’s Diaspora who are refugees/asylees in or naturalized citizens of western democracies largely as a result of claimed persecutions by the very regime they support. Part II elaborately introduces the whole situation as the context is important for the issues at stake. Part III discuses the financial and political support the PFDJ’s regime gets with a specific focus on the extent of the support and who and why the supporters are supporting. Part IV looks at the legality of the support in different areas of law, both national and international, that include UNSC Resolution 1907, financing of terrorism, refugee/asylum law, and the law that governs toleration of intolerable activities and organizations. The focus is on the position of the United States of America (US) and Germany. The selection is justified not only by the size of Eritreans in the US but also by the fact that both countries represent two extremes when it comes to tolerating anti-democracy political forces. Conclusions are in Part V.
Utility of EEG measures of brain function in patients with acute stroke.

EEG has been used to study acute stroke for decades; however, because of several limitations EEG-based measures rarely inform clinical decision-making in this setting. Recent advances in EEG hardwa...
VLSI circuits for bidirectional interface to peripheral and visceral nerves

This paper presents an architecture for sensing nerve signals and delivering functional electrical stimulation to peripheral and visceral nerves. The design is based on the very large scale integration (VLSI) technology and amenable to interface to microelectrodes and building a fully implantable system. The proposed stimulator was tested on the vagus nerve and is under further evaluation and testing of various visceral nerves and their functional effects on the innervated organs.
Abstract 1957: Loss of TGFβ1 alters host-microbial interactions, predisposing the colonic epithelium to inflammation

Introduction: The TGFB pathway is mutated in up to 30% of human colon cancers. Genetically Engineered Mouse Models (GEMs) with deficient TGFβ signaling model several characteristics of IBD associated human colon cancers. Introduction of Helicobacter sp. into the Tgfb1 −/− Rag2 −/− mouse model is necessary for the development of inflammatory lesions which progress to adenoma and carcinoma. The exact role of TGFβ1 and bacterial-associated inflammation has yet to be elucidated and offers a potential target for the prevention of colon cancer. Methods: To determine the function of TGFβ1 on colonic bacterial composition we used GEM models, Tgfb1 −/− Rag2 −/− and Tgfb1 +/+ Rag2 −/− . The cecal microflora of 10 Tgfb1 −/− Rag2 −/− and 10 Tgfb1 +/+ Rag2 −/− mice were isolated and serially diluted onto brucella (BRU), bacteroides bile esculin (BBE), and laked kanomycin-vancomycin (LKV) media under anaerobic conditions. Colony forming units (CFUs) were enumerated. Individual colony types were then streaked onto trypitcase soy agar with 5% sheep blood and grown anaerobically and aerobically. The bacteria were then gram-stained and biotyped utilizing a Dade Berhing MicroScan instrument. To further examine the bacterial composition we designed primers specific to the 16s rRNA subunit of different Bacteroides species, and using the Roche LightCycler preformed quantitative Real Time-PCR (qRT-PCR) on fecal DNA. Results: The Dade Berhing Instrument showed that Tgfb1 −/− Rag2 −/− mice had a 4 fold increase in bacterial load and a 28 fold increase in Bacteroides species when compared with Tgfb1 +/+ Rag2 −/− mice. The qRT-PCR results showed an increase in Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides distasonis and a significant decrease in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in the Tgfb1 −/− Rag2 −/− mice. These data suggest that loss of TGFβ1 alters the colonic microflora. Previous studies illustrated the importance of bacterial nutrient sources on bacterial composition. To examine if TGFβ1 is altering nutrient availability in the colon a previous micro-array was analyzed for candidate genes associated with glycoprotein metabolism. This showed changes in fucose metabolizing enzymes with the loss of TGFβ1. Conclusion: These findings suggest that TGFβ1 plays a role in bacterial load maintenance, possibly by altering available nutrient sources and when disrupted, can cause abnormalities in pathobionts (commensal bacterial with pathogenic potential) which could then lead to increased inflammation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1957.
Rational chemotherapy for aging.

Why do people age? When physicians can answer that question in biochemical and biophysical terms, perhaps they can rationally treat the devastations of aging. One biochemical event does occur in brain and liver.Polyribosomes, RNA-rich cell organelles, degenerate with age. Several drugs, first diphenylhydantoin, then pemoline, and now NP-113, seem to oppose this degeneration, NP-113 most intensely. NP-113 also exerts significant antiviral effects.
Operating for varicose veins.

This four man discussion covers the whats, the whens and the haws of varicose vein surgery. For example, what type of patient should have an operation? When should the operation be done? How does one best approach the problem diagnostically and surgically?
SynCardia Portable Freedom Driver: A Single-Center Experience With 11 Patients.

OBJECTIVE The portable Freedom Drive (SynCardia Inc, Tucson, AZ USA) for total artificial heart (TAH-t) support was approved for an investigational device exemption study in March 2010. We review our center's experience with the portable driver. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of patients who underwent TAH-t implantation and transfer to portable driver from September 2008 to June 2012, with follow-up through December 2012. RESULTS A total of 30 patients underwent TAH-t implantation during this time period, with 11 patients successfully transferred to the Freedom Driver. Transfer to Freedom Driver after TAH-t implant was a median of 46 days (range, 225-86 days). Ninety-one percent (10) of 11 patients transferred to Freedom Driver were bridged to transplantation. One patient died on support. Five (45.5%) of 11 patients were discharged home and 5 (45.5%) remained in-patient on the portable driver before transplantation. Four patients (80%) successfully discharged home required at least 1 hospital readmission (range, 1-5 admissions per patient). Six patients (55%) transferred to the portable driver required a return to a main driver console. Two patients were temporarily maintained on the main driver then returned to the Freedom Driver for bridge to transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Patients with TAH-t can be considered for transfer to the portable Freedom Driver while awaiting transplantation. Issues that complicated this patient population included inadequate social support, hemodynamic instability, and concurrent morbidities. The potential benefits of the portable driver are currently undergoing assessment. These may include increased mobility and improved quality of life, opportunity for discharge home, and decreased overall medical costs.
Seeing the whole picture

When Dennis Gabor was assigned the task of improving electron microscopy shortly after the second world war, the Hungarian emigre to the UK found that electron lenses were really pretty bad. So he did what any creative genius would have done: invent the lensless imaging technique that became known as holography. Our eyes and brain use both the intensity and direction of light to inform us about a scene; recording just the intensity, as in ordinary photography, does not allow a full reconstruction. One solution is to use a lens to project the ray directions onto a spatial map. Gabor's novel alternative was to encode the directional information as a phase difference relative to a reference beam, and to record this information in a hologram (after the Greek holos for whole). The full 3D image can then be recovered by illuminating the hologram with the reference beam.
Lexical Prosody as an Aspect of Oral Reading Fluency.

The purpose of the study was to determine whether the lexical compounding, suffixation, and part of speech aspects of lexical prosody rendered while reading text aloud are predictive of children’s developing oral reading fluency and reading comprehension skills. Ninety-four third grade children were recorded while reading aloud a grade-level passage targeting lexical prosody contrasts related to suffixation, compounding, and part of speech. Children also completed assessments on reading fluency, word reading efficiency, and reading comprehension skills. Prosodic measurements of pitch and amplitude for each syllable of the targeted words, and spoken head word length in ms for targeted compound words, were carried out. Spectrographic analyses indicated that children generally displayed appropriate prosody for each lexical prosody contrast examined. The extent to which children made these prosodic distinctions between syllables was related to their reading fluency and comprehension skills. The study finds that, in the oral reading of connected texts, children’s use of lexical prosody is an aspect of general reading prosody that is predictive of reading fluency.
Trigonometric Identities à la Hermite

(2010). Trigonometric Identities a la Hermite. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 117, No. 4, pp. 311-327.
Characterization of a Zika Virus Isolate from Colombia.

Background Zika virus (Flavivirus genus) is the first mosquito-borne virus known to cause high rates of microcephaly and abortion in humans. Typically, Zika virus causes a self-limiting, systemic illness; however, the current outbreak of Zika virus in the Americas has been associated with increased rates of fetal malformations and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Very few Zika virus isolates have been described in the literature, and live viruses are needed to perform studies of pathogenesis and to develop vaccines and treatments. Methodology/Clinical findings We isolated Zika virus, strain FLR, directly from the serum of an individual infected in Barranquilla, Colombia (December, 2015). Here, we describe the patient’s clinical course and characterize strain FLR by its growth characteristics in mosquito and mammalian cells and its partial resistance to UV-inactivation. The full genome sequence of FLR was also analyzed (including the 3’ un-translated region), to determine its probable geographic origin, and to pinpoint structural differences from other Zika virus strains. Conclusions/Significance We anticipate that the study of this low passage, clinical isolate of Zika virus, which is available for worldwide distribution, will help uncover the mechanisms of viral replication and host immune responses contributing to the varied and sometimes severe clinical presentations seen during the current epidemic in the Americas.
The pyrometallurgy of enargite: A literature update

Abstract Although several hydrometallurgical treatment options for dirty copper sulfide concentrates have been developed in recent years, these processes have not been implemented by industry. Attention has therefore shifted to pyroprocessing such concentrates in order to provide clean feed for the well-established sulfide smelting process. In this paper, recent publications on pyrometallurgical processing of enargite and gold concentrates have been reviewed, which indicate that little has been added to already existing knowledge of the thermal behavior of enargite. The arsenic fix-roast approach using Na 2 CO 3 and Ca(OH) 2 to capture the arsenic during roasting does not seem to be a practical approach due to insufficient capture and also the complexity of the subsequent phase separations. A more pragmatic approach would be further development of neutral/reductive roast of enargite concentrates in order to produce clean feed for the existing smelters and to convert arsenic into its sulfides which are more stable and compact than its oxides. Potentially high temperatures (> 650 °C) required for effective arsenic removal from enargite concentrates has represented a significant barrier for the development of roasting equipment. This calls for further development of pyroprocessing strategies through a better understanding of the thermodynamics of the Cu-As-S-(O) system. The results of recent research indicate that the mysterious role of pyrite, always present in enargite concentrates in thermal transformation of enargite, has been largely underestimated and not well understood. This necessitates a thorough understanding of the even more complicated Cu-Fe-As-S-(O) system.
Variability in Standard Outcomes of Posterior Lumbar Fusion Determined by National Databases.

Objective National databases are used with increasing frequency in spine surgery literature to evaluate patient outcomes. The differences between individual databases in relationship to outcomes of lumbar fusion are not known. We evaluated the variability in standard outcomes of posterior lumbar fusion between the University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) database and the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Methods NIS and UHC databases were queried for all posterior lumbar fusions ( International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 81.07) performed in 2012. Patient demographics, comorbidities (including obesity), length of stay (LOS), in-hospital mortality, and complications such as urinary tract infection, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, durotomy, and surgical site infection were collected using specific International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Results Analysis included 21,470 patients from the NIS database and 14,898 patients from the UHC database. Demographic data were not significantly different between databases. Obesity was more prevalent in UHC ( P = 0.001). Mean LOS was 3.8 days in NIS and 4.55 in UHC ( P Conclusions NIS and UHC databases had similar demographic patient populations undergoing posterior lumbar fusion. However, the UHC database reported significantly higher complication rate and longer LOS. This difference may reflect academic institutions treating higher-risk patients; however, a definitive reason for the variability between databases is unknown. The inability to precisely determine the basis of the variability between databases highlights the limitations of using administrative databases for spinal outcome analysis.
TBAS: Enhancing Wi-Fi Authentication by Actively Eliciting Channel State Information

In this paper, we propose Time Bounded Anti- Spoofing (TBAS), a novel spoof detection method for W-Fi networks. TBAS is based on the simple idea of comparing the channel states embedded in packets received within a short interval and discarding the packets if the channel state change is above a reasonable level for the interval. We leverage the packet transmission policies in Wi-Fi to actively elicit packets for the channel state check without modifying the Wi-Fi protocol, such as sending a dummy data packet which will automatically elicit an acknowledgement packet. Comparing to the existing methods that wait passively for the packets from the packet sender for the channel state information, TBAS has the full control of time to collect the channel state, such that it can use stricter rules to classify the packets and achieve higher security. We solve key problems in TBAS, including a Channel State Check (CSC) procedure which determines if two packets are from the same sender, as well as a simple protocol wrapped around CSC to reduce the overhead. We implement TBAS on the Sora software defined ratio and our trace-driven emulations show that TBAS can achieve desirable False Positive and False Negative ratios with very low overhead.
Towards a θ 13 measurement

Reactor-based antineutrino experiments hold the promise of providing an unambiguous determination of the neutrino mixing angle θ 13. At present, Daya Bay, Double Chooz and RENO are such experiments being set up for this purpose. In this paper, the status and prospects of these three initiatives are presented.
Strongly coupled plasmas obey the fluctuation theorem for entropy production

Particles in strongly coupled plasmas behave collectively as in liquids, with additional long-range collisions. Experimental evidence is provided that fluctuation theorems obeyed by liquid are also valid for strongly coupled dusty plasmas. Fluctuation theorems1,2,3,4 describe nonequilibrium stochastic behaviour in small systems. Whilst experiments have shown that fluctuation theorems are obeyed by single particles in liquids5 and several other physical systems6,7,8,9,10, it has not been shown if that is the case in strongly coupled plasmas. Plasmas are said to be strongly coupled when interparticle potential energies are large compared to kinetic energies. Charged particles in such plasmas can behave collectively like liquids11,12, but with essential differences, such as long-range collisions13. It remains unexplored whether, despite these differences, the stochastic behaviour of strongly coupled plasmas will obey fluctuation theorems. Here we demonstrate experimentally that a strongly coupled dusty plasma obeys the fluctuation theorem of Evans, Cohen, and Morriss (ECM)14, which was developed for a simple liquid in a nonequilibrium steady state. This fluctuation theorem describes the entropy production arising from collisions in a steady laminar shear flow.
Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis and Hydronephrosis: Is there an Association?

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a common condition requiring surgical intervention during the first few weeks of life. The incidence of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis ranges from 0.13 to 0.4% of live births in the United States, Britain and Scandinavia. Associated anomalies have been described in 6 to 33% of the cases in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract and heart. An association of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis with urinary tract anomalies has not been previously documented. A review of 422 patients with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis revealed urinary tract anomalies in 6 (10 renal units), including 4 renal units with vesicoureteral reflux and 9 with hydronephrosis. This incidence of 1.4% is greater than the 0.2% incidence expected in the general population. This 7-fold increase in urinary tract anomalies in patients with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis suggests an association between the two and warrants further investigation. Serious consideration should be given to obtaining renal ultrasound examinations in patients with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
Semantic computing and cognitive computing/informatics

Semantic Computing (SC) addresses the derivation, description, integration, and use of semantics (“meaning”, “context”, “intention”) for all types of resource including data, document, tool, device, process and people. A broader definition of Semantic Computing includes the computing technologies (e.g., artificial intelligence, natural language, software engineering, data and knowledge engineering, computer systems, signal processing, etc.), and their interactions, that may be used to extract or process computational content. This connection between content and the user is made via Semantic Analysis, which analyzes content with the goal of converting it to machine processable descriptions (semantics); Semantic Integration, which integrates content and semantics from multiple sources; Semantic Applications, which utilize content and descriptions to solve problems; and Semantic Interface, which interprets users' intentions expressed in natural language or other communicative forms. The reverse connection converts the intentions of users to create content via analysis and synthesis techniques. This talk introduces Semantic Computing based on its broader and narrower definitions, its relationship with Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Computing and Informatics, and other branches of Computer Science. It also discusses several case studies showing how it can be used to solve more complex problems.
Fully integrated lithium niobate electro-optic modulator based on asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer etched in LNOI platform

An asymmetric Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator is fabricated through etching in 500nm thin film of Y-cut Lithium Niobate. A half wave voltage length product of 16.8Vcm and modulation efficiency of 9.4×10−3V−1 were measured for this device which is very close to what we expect from theory.
Operations of a microgrid with renewable energy integration and line switching

With the development of new technologies and their integration to the conventional power grid, the smart grid with the capacity of satisfying power demand by large amount of renewable energy is emerging. Microgrid, a small-scale power system with clearly defined electrical boundaries and ability of self-supply, especially by distributed renewable energy, plays a big role in this process. In this paper, we study the operations of a microgrid with solar photovoltaic generators, energy storage system, and power exchanges with main power grid. More specifically, a mixed integer programming model is formulated for decision-making, such as scheduling of generators within the microgrid, islanding operations through line switching and power trades between microgrid and the main grid, charging and discharging operations of storage system, and also line switching within the microgrid, by robust optimization for capturing the uncertainties of solar power generation. To solve the robust optimization formulation, we formulate our model in order to apply the column-and-constraint generation algorithm, and perform numerical experiments on several test cases to validate the proposed model and algorithm.
Chiroptical Spectroscopy, Emission Theory

Circularly polarised emission spectroscopy, otherwise known as circularly polarised luminescence, detects the partial circular polarisation of light emitted from excited chiral molecules and is therefore complementary to circular dichroism spectroscopy. It provides a means of probing both the structure and behaviour of excited states of chiral molecules and of their processes of excitation. Moreover, in certain cases, even racemic mixtures of enantiomeric molecules can be studied by preferentially exciting a particular enatiomer with incident circularly polarised light.
Hearts and Minds and Laws: Legal Compliance and Diplomatic Persuasion

This Essay, written for the South Texas Law Review’s Ethics Symposium, considers the role of international legal argument in the war on terror and, in particular, in the attempts to justify the use of military force. It focuses on the relationship of credible legal arguments to legitimacy and reputation. Part I looks at challenges posed by the evolution of military conflict and how this affects diplomacy. In particular, I argue that a reputation for honoring one’s treaty commitments and for legality, more generally, is an important part of fostering cooperation and undercutting the support of our adversaries. Moreover, in “fourth generation conflicts” such as this, a sense of “moral cohesion” is especially important. This is aided by a sense of the legality of one’s actions. Part II focuses on how the Bush Administration oscillated between a hostility to international law and attempts to rewrite the rules of international law concerning the use of force. While the United States was able to foster a new understanding of international law that legitimized the invasion of Afghanistan, the invasion of Iraq was another matter. Regarding Iraq, the Bush Administration made arguments that undercut the very foundations of the law of the use of force. It acted in a way that maximized short-term flexibility but damaged the reputation and efficacy of the United States (at least into the medium-term) and may have weakened some of the foundational principles of international law. Finally, Part III considers some of the effects of these legal policies on U.S. foreign policy beyond Iraq by considering the interplay or power, responsibility, and reputation.
Lipschitzian Stability in Optimization: The Role of Nonsmooth Analysis

The motivations of nonsmooth analysis are discussed. Applications are given to the sensitivity of optimal values, the interpretation of Lagrange multipliers, and the stability of constraint systems under perturbation.
Language, Print Media, and Medicalization of Sleep Disorders

An explanation of the role sociologists believe the media have played in the medicalization of sleep disorders over the last 25 years. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Inducible down-regulation of MHC class I results in natural killer cell tolerance

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that are thought to kill cells that down-regulate MHC class I (MHC-I) through "missing-self" recognition. NK cells from B2m-/- mice that lack surface MHC-I, however, are not autoreactive as predicted by the missing-self hypothesis. As a result, it is unclear if MHC-I down-regulation in vivo induces NK cell reactivity or tolerance to missing-self. Here, we generated a floxed B2m mouse to acutely down-regulate MHC-I in vivo in a host that normally expresses MHC-I. Global down-regulation of MHC-I induced NK cell hyporesponsiveness and tolerance to missing-self without overt missing-self reactivity. In contrast, down-regulation of MHC-I on a small fraction of hematopoietic cells triggered missing-self reactivity. Surprisingly, down-regulation of MHC-I only on CD4+ T cells predominately induced tolerance to missing-self without resetting NK cell responsiveness. In this setting, inflammation triggered substantial missing-self reactivity. These results show that MHC-I down-regulation can induce either NK cell tolerance or killing in vivo and that inflammation promotes missing-self reactivity.
Virtual high-throughput screens identifying hPK-M2 inhibitors: Exploration of model extrapolation.

Abstract Glycolysis with PK-M2 occurs typically in anaerobic conditions and atypically in aerobic conditions, which is known as the Warburg effect. The Warburg effect is found in many oncogenic situations and is believed to provide energy and biomass for oncogenesis to persist. The work presented targets human PK-M2 (hPK-M2) in a virtual high-throughput screen to identify new inhibitors and leads for further study. In the initial screen, one of the 12 candidates selected for experimental validation showed biological activity (hit-rate = 8.13%). In the second screen with retrained models, six of 11 candidates selected for experimental validation showed biological activity (hit-rate: 54.5%). Additionally, four different scaffolds were identified for further analysis when examining the tested candidates and compounds in the training data. Finally, extrapolation was necessary to identify a sufficient number of candidates to test in the second screen. Examination of the results suggested stepwise extrapolation to maximize efficiency.
Abstract P008: Pulse Pressure Following a Brief Patient Rest Period: Age and Gender Variations

Background: Increased pulse pressure (PP) is an independent determinant of cardiovascular disease. The effect of rest period on office-based systolic blood pressure has been previously reported, bu...
An exploratory study on microaggressions in medical school: What are they and why should we care?

Microaggressions and their impact have been documented in minority college students; however, little is known about the experience of medical students. This study reports the prevalence and understanding of microaggressions among medical students at the University of Florida College of Medicine (UFCOM), while gaining insights into experiences of medical students dealing with microaggressions. A nine-question survey was sent out to all medical students at the UFCOM in the spring of 2017 to understand their experiences with microaggressions. The authors used simple statistics and chi-test to analyze the demographic data and an inductive thematic qualitative analysis was performed on the open-ended responses to study medical students’ understanding of the term, experiences, and impact of microaggressions. The response rate was 64% (n = 351/545). Fifty-four percent reported experiencing microaggressions, of those the majority were female students (73% compared with 51% among male students, p = 0.0003); for female students from minority backgrounds this was 68% and for white female students 76% (p = 0.2606). Microaggressions are more common in the second year of medical school (30%), followed by the third year (23%). Most students were able to recognize and identify microaggressions, but some denied the concept existed, attributing concerns about microaggressions to a culture promoting oversensitivity and political correctness. Students described microaggressions related to sexism; religion; skin colour; and ethnicity. Students described indifference, emotional reactions and denial of the event as coping mechanisms. Microaggressions are prevalent on a day-to-day basis among medical students with female students from a minority background as well as white female students experiencing more microaggressions. Further research is needed to explore interventions to counter microaggressions in order to ensure a healthy learning environment.
Predicting dysfunctional age-related task activations from resting-state network alterations

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is linked to changes in fMRI task activations and fMRI resting-state functional connectivity (restFC), which can emerge early in the timecourse of illness. Study of these fMRI correlates of unhealthy aging has been conducted in largely separate subfields. Taking inspiration from neural network simulations, we propose a unifying mechanism wherein restFC network alterations associated with Alzheimer’s disease disrupt the ability for activations to flow between brain regions, leading to aberrant task activations. We apply this activity flow modeling framework in a large sample of clinically unimpaired older adults, which was segregated into healthy (low-risk) and at-risk subgroups based on established imaging (positron emission tomography amyloid) and genetic (apolipoprotein) risk factors for AD. We identified healthy task activations in individuals at low risk for AD, and then by estimating activity flow using at-risk AD restFC data we were able to predict the altered at-risk AD task activations. Thus, modeling the flow of healthy activations over at-risk AD connectivity effectively transformed the healthy aged activations into unhealthy aged activations. These results provide evidence that activity flow over altered intrinsic functional connections may act as a mechanism underlying Alzheimer’s-related dysfunction, even in very early stages of the illness. Beyond these mechanistic insights linking restFC with cognitive task activations, this approach has potential clinical utility as it enables prediction of task activations and associated cognitive dysfunction in individuals without requiring them to perform in-scanner cognitive tasks. Significance Statement Developing analytic approaches that can reliably predict features of Alzheimer’s disease is a major goal for cognitive and clinical neuroscience, with particular emphasis on identifying such diagnostic features early in the timeline of disease. We demonstrate the utility of an activity flow modeling approach, which predicts fMRI cognitive task activations in subjects identified as at-risk for Alzheimer’s disease. The approach makes activation predictions by transforming a healthy aged activation template via the at-risk subjects’ individual pattern of fMRI resting-state functional connectivity (restFC). The observed prediction accuracy supports activity flow as a mechanism linking age-related alterations in restFC and task activations, thereby providing a theoretical basis for incorporating restFC into imaging biomarker and personalized medicine interventions.
Folk Psychology’s Critique

The purpose of this chapter is to present an important argument against the cogency of behavior analysis-indeed, against behavioral psychology in general. Among philosophers, at least, this argument has had great influence. If there is a consensus among philosophers about the inherent limitations of the behavioral approach to psychology, this argument is largely responsible for it. Historically, this argument emerged as a response to an argument on behalf of behavioral psychology. Thus, we shall introduce the argument against behavioral psychology by first examining an argument for it.
Robustness and efficiency insights from a mechanical coupling metric for ankle-actuated biped robots

This paper presents results pertaining to the coupling between the actuated and unactuated degrees of freedom for biped robots. It is focused on revealing the qualitative relationship between a mechanical coupling metric and gait characteristics for an ankle-actuated biped robot. By considering robot models with varying masses, leg lengths and positions of the center of mass of the legs, it validates the universality of prior results based on a single robot model. The development of a method for designing ankle-actuated biped gaits is given in detail, and numerical computation is utilized to find the initial conditions needed to generate the ankle-actuated candidate gait regions. The correlation between the coupling metric and the maximum magnitude of disturbance that can be rejected is significant, regardless of the robot parameters. It indicates that robust gaits tend to have small coupling under zero disturbance so that the “reserve” coupling may be utilized to reject the disturbance. Furthermore, for the same walking speed, gaits with smaller cost of transport under zero disturbances have smaller coupling and therefore should be more robust, which highlights the value of gait optimization for biped walking. The coupling metric for hip actuation is also briefly discussed as a contrast.
The Quadrupole Moment Ratio of I 129 and I 127 from Pure Quadrupole Spectra

The pure quadrupole spectra for ${\mathrm{I}}^{129}$ and ${\mathrm{I}}^{127}$ have been observed in Sn${\mathrm{I}}_{4}$ at 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and at 20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The nuclear quadrupole moment ratio has been determined to be $\frac{Q({\mathrm{I}}^{129})}{Q({\mathrm{I}}^{127})}=0.701213\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.000015$.
Intimacy in Assessment

The personal and interpersonal character of most therapies has long been acknowledged. It is understood that in one manner or another the therapist participates in the ways clients change their lives. Intimacy, albeit of a specialized sort, is assumed, and its positive and problematic aspects are addressed in professional training and literature. In contrast, psychological assessment has been more closely grounded in the tradition of laboratory science, the goal being to obtain objective knowledge about a subject’s characteristics. Standardization—of materials, instructions, scoring, and interpretation—is meant to control potential variance in findings that would be due either to assessor characteristics or to transactions between assessor and subject. Professional training in assessment therefore emphasizes standardized procedures. For example, rapport is addressed not as an interpersonal relationship, but as a condition that results in optimal test output. Although test findings may be regarded as presenting a penetrating, and in this sense intimate, portrait, intimacy as a relationship is not often associated with assessment.
Analysis and strategy discussion on epidemic situation of infectious diseases at school in Dongcheng District, Beijing

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of infectious diseases at the schools of Dongcheng district,and explore the scientific methods for investigation and management of infectious diseases at school.Methods Through the descriptive study,we analyzed the implementation of reports and control measures for 10 cases of infectious diseases in Dongcheng district from September 2013 to January 2014,summarized the epidemiological and etiology characteristics of infectious disease at school,analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the current epidemic surveillance methods and control measures.Results Among the 10 cases,five of them were caused by adenovirus,the average attack rate was 34.1％,the range of attack rates were between 21.3％ and 53.1％ ; four of them were infected with influenza virus,the average attack rate was 19.4％,the range of attack rates ranged 8.3％-53.5％ ; one was norovirus,the attack rate was 16.48％.Conclusions Respirovirus and enterovirus are the main pathogen of infectious diseases at school of Dongcheng district during the autumn and winter period.The large-scale schools which have more students,especially primary schools are key point in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Key words: School; Infectious diseases; Strategy
Deimplementation of the Choosing Wisely Recommendations for Low-Value Breast Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Importance Overtreatment of early-stage breast cancer results in increased morbidity and cost without improving survival. Major surgical organizations participating in the Choosing Wisely campaign identified 4 breast cancer operations as low value: (1) axillary lymph node dissection for limited nodal disease in patients receiving lumpectomy and radiation, (2) re-excision for close but negative lumpectomy margins for invasive cancer, (3) contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in patients at average risk with unilateral cancer, and (4) sentinel lymph node biopsy in women 70 years or older with hormone receptor–positive cancer. Objective To evaluate the extent to which these procedures have been deimplemented, determine the implications of decreased use, and recognize possible barriers and facilitators to deimplementation. Evidence Review A systematic review of published literature on use trends in breast surgery was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The Ovid, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane databases were searched for original research with relevance to the Choosing Wisely recommendations of interest. Eligible studies were examined for data about use, and any patient-level, clinician-level, or system-level factors associated with use. Findings Concordant with recommendations, national rates of axillary lymph node dissection for patients with limited nodal disease have decreased by approximately 50% (from 44% in 2011 to 30% to 34% in 2012 and 25% to 28% in 2013), and national rates of lumpectomy margin re-excision have decreased by nearly 40% (from 16% to 34% before to 14% to 18% after publication of a consensus statement). Conversely, national rates of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy continue to rise each year, accounting for up to 30% of all mastectomies for breast cancer (range in all mastectomy cases: 2010-2012, 28%-30%; 1998, Conclusions and Relevance This review demonstrates variable deimplementation of 4 low-value surgical procedures in patients with breast cancer. Addressing specific patient-level, clinician-level, and system-level barriers to deimplementation is necessary to encourage shared decision-making and reduce overtreatment.
Spatiotemporal force and motion in collective cell migration

Cells move in collective groups in biological processes such as wound healing, morphogenesis, and cancer metastasis. How active cell forces produce the motion in collective cell migration is still unclear. Many theoretical models have been introduced to elucidate the relationship between the cell’s active forces and different observations about the collective motion such as collective swirls, oscillations, and rearrangements. Though many models share the common feature of balancing forces in the cell layer, the specific relationships between force and motion vary among the different models, which can lead to different conclusions. Simultaneous experimental measurements of force and motion can aid in testing assumptions and predictions of the theoretical models. Here, we provide time-lapse images of cells in 1 mm circular islands, which are used to compute cell velocities, cell-substrate tractions, and monolayer stresses. Additional data are included from experiments that perturbed cell number density and actomyosin contractility. We expect this data set to be useful to researchers interested in force and motion in collective cell migration. Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12378218