cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The mitochondrial targeting chaperone 14-3-3ε regulates a RIG-I translocon that mediates membrane association and innate antiviral immunity.

RIG-I is a cytosolic pathogen recognition receptor that initiates immune responses against RNA viruses. Upon viral RNA recognition, antiviral signaling requires RIG-I redistribution from the cytosol to membranes where it binds the adaptor protein, MAVS. Here we identify the mitochondrial targeting chaperone protein, 14-3-3e, as a RIG-I-binding partner and essential component of a translocation complex or "translocon" containing RIG-I, 14-3-3e, and the TRIM25 ubiquitin ligase. The RIG-I translocon directs RIG-I redistribution from the cytosol to membranes where it mediates MAVS-dependent innate immune signaling during acute RNA virus infection. 14-3-3e is essential for the stable interaction of RIG-I with TRIM25, which facilitates RIG-I ubiquitination and initiation of innate immunity against hepatitis C virus and other pathogenic RNA viruses. Our results define 14-3-3e as a key component of a RIG-I translocon required for innate antiviral immunity.
Curvature wave-front sensors for electron density characterization in plasmas

In this article we examine the use of a curvature wave-front sensor to accurately measure the Laplacian of the line-integrated electron density formed in laser-produced and Z-pinch plasma experiments. Specifically, we propose designs for single shot curvature wave-front sensors capable of quantitatively determining the electron density present in a high density plasma. Wave optics simulations of the proposed designs are presented and are shown to quantitatively reconstruct the phase of a light beam passing through the simulated plasma. A laboratory demonstration of the single shot curvature wave-front sensor is also presented. For this demonstration, a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator is used to introduce a spatially varying phase, thus simulating a phase profile that could occur when a probe passes through a plasma. The phase change measured by the curvature sensor is then computed and shown to accurately reproduce the phase written to the spatial light modulator. Merits associated with the use of a curvature sensor are also discussed.
The 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene family of enzymes

Abstract It now is apparent that a family of closely related genes encode for 3β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD). Studies on the regulation of these genes are in their infancy, but the regulation appears multifactorial. The various 3βHSD genes are expressed principally in a tissue-specific manner likely involving separate mechanisms of regulation. To date, two human 3βHSD genes and their products have been characterized; type I is expressed in placenta, sebaceous glands, and several other nonendocrine tissues, whereas the type II isoform is the principal 3βHSD of adrenal cortex and gonads.
Techniques for synthesis of analog integrated circuits

The CAD tools that have been developed for automated analog synthesis are reviewed. The synthesis process is described. The major techniques employed by the tools are examined. They are knowledge-based hierarchical design, analytic design, and placement/routing. Critical design issues are identified. It is shown how the technique discussed could be combined in a comprehensive framework supporting design from specification to physical layout. >
Analysis of taste bud innervation based on glycoconjugate and peptide neuronal markers

Primary gustatory neurons and their peripheral and central processes were evaluated histochemically in the geniculate and petrosal cranial nerve ganglia, lingual fungiform taste buds, and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) using (1) the plant lectin Griffonia simplicifolia I-B4, which binds specifically to D-galactose residues and selectively labels primarily nonpeptidecontaining peripheral somatosensory neurons, and (2) calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity (CGRP-IR), which labels most peptidergic somatosensory neurons. Lectin reactivity was expressed by the vast majority of geniculate and petrosal ganglion cells, while CGRP-IR labeled very few cells. Peripherally, gustatory intragemmal axons penetrating fungiform taste buds were labeled only by the lectin and were depleted following chorda tympani transection. However, both lectin-labeled and CGRP-IR subpopulations of somatosensory perigemmal axons surrounding the taste buds were observed and were eliminated by section of the lingual nerve. The differing brainstem projection patterns of lectin-reactive vs. CGRP-IR central axons reflected their distinct ganglionic origins and the differential distributions of lectin reactivity and CGRP-IR among taste buds. Central lectin-reactive terminals were found throughout the entire rostrocaudal extent of the NST, including its rostral lateral “gustatory” zone; the extensive lectin-reactive visceral afferent projection can be presumed to have originated mainly from the large proportion of lectinlabeled neurons in the nodose ganglion. The lectin also prominently and selectively labeled the area postrema. CGRP-IR central terminals, however, was relatively sparse and restricted primarily to the caudal and medial “visceral” divisions of the NST. The results are discussed with respect to the possible functional implications of cell surface glycoconjugate expression by gustatory axons innervating taste bud receptor cells of the tongue.
Integrated fusion environmental and safety systems studies

An integrated environmental and safety (E&S) systems module is being developed at the Berkeley Fusion Environmental and Safety Group with the objectives of providing overall E&S assessment and incorporating E&S characteristics into optimization in fusion reactor design studies. The module includes features such as modularization, quantification of figures-of-merit, and fast calculational schemes because of emphasis on compatibility with systems-level analyses. Initial results indicate the potential for trade-offs and optimizations involving E&S and reactor performance indices in moderately large design windows.
Strange matrix elements in the proton from neutral-current experiments

Abstract Recent results from EMC suggest a nonzero value for 〈p|-ssγμγ5s|p〉; measurements of the pion-nucleon sigma term suggest a large value for 〈 p | s s | p 〉 . In this paper we discuss how elastic neutral-current scattering experiments may be used to extract more information about the “strangeness” of the proton. In particular, one can measure the form factor F2 for 〈 p | s s | p 〉 , as well as the G1 form factor for 〈 p | s γ μ γ 5 s | p 〉 . We also show how nonzero strange matrix elements in the proton can be reconciled with the successes of the nonrelativistic quark model.
Endometriosis of ureter.

Endometriosis, a common gynecologic problem, affects up to 15 per cent of menstruating women.’ The disorder occurs more frequently in nulliparous women or women of low parity than in those of higher parity. Its incidence appears to be increasing with the current trend toward smaller families.2,3 Urinary tract involvement occurs in 1.2 per cent of cases, the bladder, ureter, and kidney being affected in a ratio of 40:5:1.4.5 More than 100 cases of ureteral obstruction secondary to endometriosis have been recorded; however, this number probably is an underestimation because of the silent way in which obstructive uropathy can occur.6 A striking nephrectomy rate-as high as 43 per cent-has been reported;7 thus, compulsive surveillance of premenopausal women with endometriosis is mandatory. We present a case of endometriosis of the ureter that produced severe hydroureteronephrosis necessitating nephroureterectomy. The current literature is reviewed, and treatment recommendations are proposed.
Discovering Shared Services from Cross-Organizational Software Specifications

During a standard software development process, organizations create text-based documents that describe software requirements, design, and implementation. These text-based specifications describe the functionality of future applications as they relate to an existing IT infrastructure. We suggest that these documents also implicitly describe core underlying service-based capabilities of the organization. In this paper, we describe an approach that (when provided with software specifications from multiple organizations) can recommend services shared by the multiple organizations represented. These approaches leverage the syntactic similarity of the specification text and semantic information as inferred from WordNet. Experiments show the effectiveness of this approach when processing real software requirements specifications in operational environments.
Cathinone, cocaine and methamphetamine: similarity of behavioral effects.

Abstract The discriminative stimulus properties of (±)-cathinone were tested by training eight rats to discriminate between the interoceptive cues produced by 0.6 mg/kg (±)-cathinone and saline in a food-reinforced, two lever operant task. Doses of cocaine and methamphethamine were observed to tranfer to the cathinone cue and all three drugs exhibited decreased discriminative performance with decreasing doses. The ED50 for (±)-cathinone, (±)-methamphetamine and cocaine were 0.23, 0.17, and 1.97 mg/kg, respectively, and the three curves were shown to be parallel. These data indicate the possibility of a common mechanism/site of action for these three stimulants, presumably by their actions upon central dopaminergic neurons.
Understanding Chiral Molecular Micellar Separations Using Steady-State Fluorescence Anisotropy, Capillary Electrophoresis, and NMR

Chiral separations employing four diastereomers of poly sodium N-undecanoyl leucylvalinate (p-SULV) as chiral selectors are probed by use of MEKC, steady-state fluorescence anisotropy, and NMR. By ...
Auger Nanoprobe analysis of presolar ferromagnesian silicate grains from primitive CR chondrites QUE 99177 and MET 00426

Abstract We have investigated the presolar grain inventories of two CR chondrites, QUE 99177 and MET 00426, which are less altered than most members of this meteorite group. Both meteorites contain high abundances of O-anomalous presolar grains, with concentrations of 220 ± 40 and 160 ± 30 ppm for QUE 99177 and MET 00426, respectively. The presolar grain inventories are dominated by ferromagnesian silicates with group 1 oxygen isotopic compositions, indicative of origins in low mass red giant or asymptotic giant branch stars. Grains with pyroxene-like compositions are somewhat more common than those with olivine-like compositions, but most grains are non-stoichiometric with compositions intermediate between these two phases, consistent with recent work suggesting that amorphous interstellar silicates have stoichiometries between olivine and pyroxene type silicates. Although structural data are not available, one grain contains only Si and O, and has a stoichiometry consistent with SiO 2 . Our presolar grains are much more Fe-rich than predicted by astronomical observations. Although secondary alteration may play a role in enhancing the Fe contents of presolar grains, it seems unlikely that the large and ubiquitous Fe enrichments observed in the grains from this study can be due only to secondary processing, particularly given the highly primitive nature of these two meteorites. Grain condensation in the stellar outflows where these grains formed likely proceeded under rapidly changing kinetic conditions that may have enhanced the incorporation of Fe into the grains over that expected based on equilibrium condensation theory. Both QUE 99177 and MET 00426 appear to contain unusually low abundances of oxide grains and have higher silicate/oxide ratios than other primitive meteorites analyzed to date. We explore various possibilities for this discrepancy, but note that most scenarios are not likely to result in the preferential destruction of oxides relative to silicates. Thus, the highest silicate/oxide ratios, such as those observed in the CR chondrites, should reflect the true initial proportions of presolar silicate and oxide grains in the parent molecular cloud from which the solar nebula evolved.
A note on rotor-bearing stability

Abstract In a recent paper by the author in this Journal, one of several ideas put forth was an unconventional approach to study rotor-bearing stability. The approach would appear to be considerably more accurate than conventional approaches and overall significantly enhance study of the subject. However, the experiment that was proposed to implement the approach has since been found to contain a fundamental flaw. This short note has been written primarily to point out that flaw and to propose an experiment in which the approach previously presented is correctly implemented.
DNA extraction from a previously recalcitrant plant genus

Numerous DNA extraction methods failed to remove contaminants that interfere with restriction digests ofCuphea DNA. The method described here removes those contaminants and maintains relatively high DNA yields. The primary purification process consists of washing the DNA with phenol while it is complexed with CTAB and dissolved in 1 M NaCl.
A transformation strategy for implementing distributed, multilayer feedforward neural networks: Backpropagation transformation

Most artificial neural networks (ANNs) have a fixed topology during learning, and often suffer from a number of shortcomings as a result. Variations of ANNs that use dynamic topologies have shown ability to overcome many of these problems. This paper introduces location-independent transformations (LITs) as a general strategy for implementing distributed feed forward networks that use dynamic topologies (dynamic ANNs) efficiently in parallel hardware. A LIT creates a set of location-independent nodes, where each node computes its part of the network output independent of other nodes, using local information. This type of transformation allows efficient support for adding and deleting nodes dynamically during learning. In particular, this paper presents a LIT that supports both the standard (static) multilayer backpropagation network, and backpropagation with dynamic extensions. The complexity of both learning and execution algorithms is O(q(Nlog M)) for a single pattern, where q is the number of weight layers in the original network, N the number of nodes in the widest node layer in the original network, and M is the number of nodes in the transformed network (which is linear in the number hidden nodes in the original network). This paper extends previous work with 2-weight-layer backpropagation networks.
An analysis of the significance of performance errors on the Trail Making Test in polysubstance users

The Trail Making Test performance of a group of polysubstance users was evaluated in order to analyze the stability of performance errors between two administrations. Two categories of errors were identified: sequential (Part A) and sequential and/or perseverative (Part B). The general findings revealed statistically significant test-retest effects. The utility of performance errors as indicators of stable CNS dysfunction is discussed in view of these findings.
Do children with Down syndrome have difficulty with argument structure

The language transcripts of seven children with Down syndrome (DS) and seven typically developing children with comparable mean length of utterance (MLU) levels were examined for their use of verb argument structure. The children's production of subject arguments, direct object arguments, and inappropriate use of arguments (anomalies) were compared for each group. When compared across verb category, the results of this study revealed no significant group differences for the omission of subject arguments. However, when arguments for transitive verb productions were compared, the children with DS were more likely to omit subject arguments in comparison to direct object arguments. In addition, the normal control group was more likely to use anomalous argument patterns than the children with DS. These findings suggest that syntactic difficulties that are characteristic of children with DS may delay them in overcoming the optional subject (OS) phenomena (Ingham, 1992). A greater number of anomalous arguments used by the normal children suggests an inadequate knowledge of argument structure at this stage of language development. As a result of this activity, the participant will be able to describe the relationship between syntax and semantics as it applies to the knowledge of verbs in children with Down syndrome.
Women's Perceived Body Image: Relations with Personal Happiness

The present study examined the relationships between body image and happiness in adult women. One hundred and forty-four women, with an average age of 40 years, were surveyed. Within the sample, three age groups were established: college-aged women, middle-aged women, and older women. Each participant completed the Body Esteem Scale (Franzoi & Shields, 1984), the Eating Attitudes Test (Garner & Garfinkel, 1979), and the Life Satisfaction Index A (Neugaten, Havighurst, & Tobin, 1961). Results indicated that happiness significantly and positively correlated with the three components of body esteem: sexual attractiveness, weight concern, and physical condition. There were no significant differences among the types of body satisfaction expressed by women of different ages. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of recognizing body image as a major contributor to overall life happiness in women.
Investigating the Interaction Between Hcf106 Peptides and the Phospholipid Bilayer by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

In plant cells most thylakoid lumen proteins are synthesized in the cytosol as higher molecular weight precursors containing targeting sequences, which are imported into chloroplasts and localized to thylakoid lumen for function. Two thylakoid transport systems direct precursors to the thylakoid lumen. Our lab focuses on one of those transport systems: cpTat (chloroplast Twin arginine translocation) system, which transports fully folded proteins utilizing the trans-thylakoidal proton motive force as its only energy source. The cpTat pathway consists of three membrane-bound subunits, Tha4, Hcf106, and cpTatC. cpTatC and Hcf106 form a receptor complex where the precursor binds to initiate the translocation events, whereas Tha4 is initially found as a separate complex that joins the receptor once the precursor has bound. Hcf106 is predicted to contain a N-terminal transmembrane domain (TMD), followed by an amphipathic helix (APH) and an unstructured C-terminus. However, detailed structural information of Hcf106 remains unknown. In this study, peptides encompassing the Hcf106 TMD or APH domain were incorporated into POPC and POPC/MGDG vesicles and analyzed by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Using 31P NMR we show that Hcf106 TMD/APH interact with the phospholipid headgroups. 2H-NMR revealed the perturbation of the deuterated acyl chain by the peptides. Lastly we used CD spectroscopy to analyze the secondary structure of Hcf106 TMD and APH peptides. The experimental results suggest: (1) Hcf106 TMD and APH peptides interact with both POPC and POPC/MGDG lipids with the lipid composition influencing the peptide-lipid interaction. (2) Hcf106 TMD and APH form alpha helical structures to varying degrees under the same conditions. (3) Hcf106 APH appears to be parallel to the membrane surface with a slight tilt into the hydrophobic region of phospholipids, whereas the TMD peptide appears to be perpendicular to the membrane surface.
Hypertension as a cause of lower than expected death rates from coronary artery disease among blacks.

Coronary risk factors are more prevalent among blacks than whites in the United States. It is therefore paradoxical that age-adjusted death rates for coronary artery disease (CAD) are similar in the two racial groups. The major risk factor for CAD that is more common among blacks than whites is hypertension, which increases the risk of CAD by two- to fourfold, depending on the presence of smoking, hypercholesterolemia, or other factors. Two general hypotheses have been advanced to explain the lower than expected CAD rates among blacks: (1) the presence of some protective factors, such as increased levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL); or (2) selective loss of CAD-prone black individuals due to other causes of mortality. Analysis of age-specific death rates from the vital statistics records strongly suggests that differential survival in the black and white populations, i.e., mortality selection, is the primary explanation of this phenomenon. We sought to test this hypothesis by examining an entirely independent data base. Data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey for the years 1973–1984 were evaluated to determine whether there were age-related differences in case-fatality rates between whites and blacks, and whether a crossover pattern in mortality could be discerned. The results demonstrate that in-hospital case-fatality rates for acute myocardial infarction (MI) were 10% to 70% higher for each of the 10-year age groups for blacks up to age 70 years, at which time a crossover occurred. The median age at which death due to MI occurred in blacks was approximately 5 years earlier than in whites. We conclude that CAD has an earlier onset in blacks and is more severe at any given age under 70 years, and that age-adjusted CAD rates are reduced by the effects of mortality selection on a cohort. The primary cause of non-CAD cardiovascular death among blacks is hypertension. Thus, the relatively increased prevalence of hypertension among blacks is paradoxically the cause of the lower than anticipated CAD death rates.
Trans splicing of nuclear pre-mRNAs

Chez les Nematodes et Trypanosomes, les substrats et facteurs, qui participent a l'epissage trans, des pre-mRNA sont etudies. Les differences qui existent entre ces modeles permettent d'avoir un apercu de l'evolution de la maturation des RNAs des protozoaires aux metazoaires
NATURAL CONVECTION IN A SOUND FIELD GIVING LARGE STREAMING REYNOLDS NUMBERS

Abstract Natural convection around a horizontal circular isothermal cylinder is considered in conjunction with a transverse standing sound field propagated in the vertical or the horizontal direction. The problem is treated within the framework of boundary-layer theory with the formulation including creation or modification of the steady convective motion by the Reynolds stresses associated with the oscillations. Results are presented for a range of parameters expressing boundary layer quantities and oscillation magnitudes for Pr = 0.7 and 2.85. Horizontal oscillations increase heat transfer at the bottom of a cylinder, and vertical oscillations decrease the local heat transfer; when the intensity of vertical oscillations is large enough, a region of reversed flow develops; corresponding effects have been observed in experiments.
Susceptibility of Walkingstick, Orangestriped Oakworm, and Variable Oakleaf Caterpillar, to Bacillus thuringiensis var. alesti

Three insect species attacking oak forests in Missouri (walkingstick, Diapheromera femorata [Say]: orangestriped oakworm, Anisota senatoria [J. E. Smith]; and variable oakleaf caterpillar, Heterocampa manteo [Doubleday]) were susceptible to a commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. alesli . The median lethal concentration (LC50) values (international units × 103/milliliter per gram of insect) for each species were 6150, 2.2, and 8.6, respectively.
Effects of inducer concentration on GAL regulated cloned gene expression in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract The effects of inducer concentration on GAL regulated cloned gene expression have been studied during batch cultivation of recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae . The plasmid employed contains a GAL10-CYC1 hybrid promoter (controlled by the yeast galactose regulatory circuit) regulating transcription of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene for β-galactosidase. The host strain has a reg1 mutation inhibiting catabolite repression, and galactose was used to induce cloned lacZ gene expression in glucose-containing medium. Experimental results indicate that glucose was the preferred carbon source in this reg1 strain; galactose concentration exhibited little change during the exponential growth phase, and decreased only after glucose was nearly depleted. In batch culture, a galactose level of 0.4% (in 0.4% glucose medium) was sufficient to induce synthesis of cloned gene products from the GAL10-CYC1 promoter at a rate approximately proportional to plasmid number (to an average plasmid number of at least 10). The relative inducer level, or galactose/glucose ratio, was also important in determining the extent of cloned gene expression. When the glucose concentration was increased relative to the galactose concentration, β-galactosidase production decreased.
The changing economic benefits of college graduates

Abstract This article examines the relative economic benefits for white male college graduates in 1971 and 1976. It focuses on two factors that may account for some of the observed differences in the economic value of college: different indicators of economic benefits and variations in benefits by college degree and major. The results suggest that the relative economic benefits for white male college graduates changed little in the first half of the 1970s. In both years relative benefits do depend, however, on the area and type of college degree as well as the particular economic measure being considered.
On the many advantages of local-electrode atom probes.

Abstract Local extraction electrodes offer several crucial advantages for operation of atom probes. Because of the proximity of the local extraction electrode to the specimen, the electric field produced at the specimen apex by a given voltage is enhanced and the voltage required for field evaporation is reduced. In a voltage-pulsed atom probe, the absolute magnitude of the energy uncertainty is correspondingly reduced. High mass resolution ( m Δm > 1000 ) may therefore be obtained by accelerating the evaporated ions to a greater total potential after the local extraction electrode. The low extraction voltage may also be pulsed rapidly (100 ps rise time) and at high repetition rates (up to 105 pulses per second) using currently available solid-state pulsers. Furthermore, a local electrode and intermediate electrodes may be used as optical elements to control the image magnification. All of these benefits may be applied to any type of atom probe. Local-electrode atom probes (LEAP) should be especially advantageous for developing three-dimensional atom probes with high mass resolution and a large field of view. A sample has been developed that consists of many microtips formed on a planar sample using ion beam mask etching. Microtip samples are especially suited to LEAP. Analysis of electrically insulating samples may also be possible with microtip samples in a LEAP. This combination of features suggests flexible, high speed, high mass resolution atom probes that can work with either conventional needle-shaped specimens or the new style of planar microtip specimens.
Differential Parental Attachment; Empirical Support for the Self-in-Relation Model:

This study investigated the self-in-relation model of development for men and women. Retrospective and current maternal and paternal attachment scores were assessed for 52 college men and 197 women. Analysis indicated that differential parental attachment occurs as a function of gender. The observed pattern of differences supports the self-in-relation model as applied to women.
Teaching Food System Sustainability in Dietetic Programs: Need, Conceptualization, and Practical Approaches

Contemporary globalized food systems add new dimensions to the conceptualization of “healthy” food. The need to address biophysical, social, and environmental aspects of food systems is internationally recognized. In a survey of 265 dietetics programs, 68% of 145 educators were interested in sustainability education techniques yet felt inadequately prepared. We report on survey results and provide strategies for sustainability education (1) conceptually, as sustainable food system action goals; and (2) pedagogically, as didactic approaches to teaching that promote the sustainability goals, examples of teaching methods, and a selected reference list on sustainable food issues linked with the goals.
The Regression-Analog to Survival Analysis: A Selected Application to Turnover Research

The broad applicability of the regression-analog to survival analysis to the study of time-dependent relationships is described and empirically illustrated. Our presentation extends prior work focu...
The toxin-binding protein of sugarcane, its role in the plant and in disease development.

Abstract The toxin-binding protein of sugarcane susceptible to eyespot disease also possesses raffinose-binding activity. The Km's for binding are: helminthosporoside (toxin) 6.8 × 10-5 M, raffinose 2.5 × 10-5 M, and melibiose 2.6 × 10-5 M. Evidence obtained by administering [14C]raffinose to sugarcane protoplasts suggests that this protein participates in α-galactoside transport. Cells from a resistant clone of sugarcane do not possess an active-binding protein, and likewise, do not actively take up raffinose. Interestingly, the K+, Mg++ ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3.) on the plasma membrane of the susceptible sugarcane is 30% activated by the toxin at 3 mM. In addition, toxin-treated tissue slices show a rapid uptake of 86Rb+-K+ which is in agreement with the toxin activation of the membrane K+, Mg++ ATPase. Since the ATPase does not directly interact with the toxin, the activation effect occurs by means of the toxin-binding protein. Membrane proteins may be influenced by the toxin-binding protein acting by one of several different mechanisms.
Reoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy: a new option for patients with primary or locally recurrent breast carcinoma.

Abstract Background: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a new standard of care for axillary node staging in patients with primary operable breast cancer. An increasing proportion of these patients undergo breast-conserving surgery, and 10% to 15% will develop local relapse requiring reoperation. Although previous breast or axillary surgery is often considered a contraindication to SLN biopsy, few data support this position. We report our experience with SLN biopsy in the reoperative setting. Study Design: We examined the 3,490 consecutive SLN biopsy procedures for breast cancer performed at our institution between September 1996 and July 2001; 32 (1%) of these followed previous axillary surgery: 22 (69%) for breast recurrence after SLN biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND); 7 (22%) after a recent, failed SLN biopsy or inadequate ALND; and 3 (9%) after earlier axillary surgery for an unrelated condition. Results: SLNs were identified in 24 of 32 (75%) cases and were positive in 3 of 24 (13%). Reoperative SLN biopsy was more successful when less than 10 versus 10 or more nodes had been removed previously (87% versus 44%). Both blue dye and isotope identified the SLN in 16 of 24 successful procedures (67%). Additional, nonsentinel nodes (mean, eight nodes) were removed in 17 of 24 patients (71%) and were negative in all cases. At a median followup of 13 months, no axillary recurrences have occurred. Conclusions: Reoperative SLN biopsy after earlier SLN biopsy or ALND is feasible in selected breast cancer patients and is more likely to succeed when fewer than 10 nodes were removed during the earlier procedure. Further study is required to better define the subset of patients in whom reoperative SLN biopsy can replace ALND.
Statistical production of pentaquarks in high-energy nuclear collisions

The production yield of exotic pentaquarks in high-energy nuclear collisions is estimated on the basis of the standard statistical description of the hadronic freeze-out.
Abstract 1440: Pediatric pulmonary microenvironment differs from adults: Implications for pulmonary metastasis

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Background: Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is the second most common bone tumor in children. Still, despite multimodal therapy, lung metastasis are the most common cause of demise. Older age has been found to portend a poorer survival in ES. Here we identify differences in the pulmonary micro-environment comparing pediatric to adult lung tissue. Purpose: To identify molecular differences in the pediatric and adult lung micro-environment. Methods: To evaluate whether adult lungs provide a more permissive metastatic environment compared to pediatric lungs, we measured the migration and invasion of ES cells in a modified Boyden chamber assay. ES TC-71 cells, know to have moderate metastatic potential and ES LM-7 cells which are highly metastatic, were compared normal lung epithelial cells (CRL2300). Lungs from 4 week old adolescent and 9 week old adult nude mice, were morselated and placed in a modified Boyden chamber. To compare expression of metastatic genes in pediatric compared to adult lung, RNA was extracted from 4 week and 9 week nude mouse lung and a focused microarray of 128 genes were evaluated for differential expression. Results: The TC-71 cell line and the CRL2300 cells had equal area of migration to adolescent and adult lung. Whereas, LM-7 had a significantly larger area of cell migration to the adult lung compared to the adolescent lung.(p=0.033) The focused gene expression profile demonstrated significant differential expression of 2 genes, Interleukin 1-beta (IL1-B), and Integrin beta-3 (ItgB3). IL1-B was significantly under-expressed and ItgB3 was significantly over-expressed in adolescent lung tissue compared to adult lung tissue. Conclusions: Highly metastatic ES LM-7 cells have a significantly decreased migration to the adolescent/pediatric lung compared to adult lung tissue. This implies a different microenvironment in adolescent lung which does not have the same affinity for metastatic Ewing's sarcoma cells as the adult lung. Furthermore, differential gene expression of IL1-B and ItgB3 and may contribute to the cause of this difference since ItgB3 regulates cell adhesion, invasion and low doses of IL1-B can cause tumor cell eradication. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1440.
Integrated circuit thermopile as a new type of temperature modulated calorimeter

Abstract Thermopiles, integrated into a thin silicon membrane, are used in some calorimetric applications (e.g. Setaram SETline120 portable thermal analyzer) that utilize temperature ramps of the thermostat to obtain the caloric response. A new calorimetric method is proposed, which uses an integrated circuit thermopile (ICT) in an oscillating mode. A heater integrated into the membrane drives temperature oscillations and the thermopile senses the temperature gradient across the membrane. ac calorimetry and the 3-omega method do not measure total heat losses and have an inherent quasi-adiabatic low frequency limit. On the other hand, the thermopile setup can measure total heat losses that permits one to monitor enthalpy changes in a sample, e.g. during crystallization. Low frequency measurements are limited only by sensor sensitivity. Preliminary results show that the same experimental setup can be used to make dynamic heat capacity measurements over a frequency range from 1 mHz to 100 Hz. At high frequencies (1 Hz and higher), heat capacity of nanogram samples can be measured.
Some theoretical aspects of the solar wind-magnetospheric interaction

Abstract Ideal MHD and plasma kinetic theories have been successful in explaining a number of phenomena occurring in passive plasma regions. However, transport of energy, momentum and mass from the solar wind into the magnetosphere, as well as reconnection and generation of the field-aligned current (J li ), often occur in active plasma regions. In active plasma regions, the dynamic interaction of MHD mesoscale filaments plays a decisive role and transport processes are often controlled by inductive effects, unlike in passive plasmas, where studies of instabilities are often important and transport processes are related to dissipative terms,. The irreversible generation of field-aligned current filaments (δj ll ) during driven reconnection is the primary source of the field-aligned current and provides an important mechanism for the transfer of energy, momentum and mass from the solar wind into the magnetosphere. In this dynamic situation, a plasma should be treated not only as an electrically conductive fluid but also as a collection of macroparticles (Song and Lysak, 1994).
Issues in prenatal cocaine use research: Problems in identifying users and choosing an appropriate comparison group

L'exposition prenatale a la cocaine a ete identifiee dans 11-44 % des accouchements aux Etats-Unis et les chercheurs travaillent a repondre a bien des questions sur les nourrissons exposes a la cocaine. Cependant, les recherches prennent du temps, exigent une planification attentive des etudes ainsi que des interpretations soignees des resultats. Cet article passera en revue les donnees recemment publiees eu egard a l'impact sur les resultats d'etude de deux problemes methodologiques dans la recherche sur l'utilisation de la cocaine: l'identification d'une population d'utilisateurs et de non-utilisateurs et le choix d'un groupe de comparaison approprie. De plus, quelques reflexions seront presentees sur la criminalisation et le sensationnel de l'utilisation prenatale de cocaine et leur effet a la fois sur les chercheurs et les sujets
Utilizing Fused Features to Mine Unknown Clusters in Training Data

In this paper, a previously introduced data mining technique, utilizing the Mean Field Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm (BDRA), is extended for use in finding unknown data clusters in a fused multidimensional feature space. In the BDRA the modeling assumption is that the discrete symbol probabilities of each class are a priori uniformly Dirichlet distributed, and where the primary metric for selecting and discretizing all relevant features is an analytic formula for the probability of error conditioned on the training data. In extending the BDRA for this application, notice that its built- in dimensionality reduction aspects are exploited for isolating and automatically sorting out and mining all points contained in each unknown data cluster. In previous work, this approach was shown to have comparable performance to the classifier that knows all cluster information when mining a single feature containing multiple unknown clusters. Therefore, the primary contribution of the work presented here is to demonstrate that this approach can be extended to cases where the features are fused and contain more than one dimension. To illustrate performance, results are demonstrated using simulated data containing multiple clusters, and where the fused feature space contains relevant classification information.
Tests of quantum gravity and large extra dimensions models using high energy γ-ray observations

Abstract Observations of the multi-TeV spectra of the nearby BL objects Mkn 421 and Mkn 501 exhibit the high energy cutoffs predicted to be the result of intergalactic annihilation interactions, primarily with infrared photons having a flux level as determined by various astronomical observations. After correction for this absorption effect, the derived intrinsic spectra of these multi-TeV sources can be explained within the framework of simple synchrotron self-Compton emission models. Stecker and Glashow have shown that the existence of such annihilations via electron–positron pair production interactions up to an energy of 20 TeV puts strong constraints on Lorentz invariance violation. Such constraints have important implications for quantum gravity models as well as models involving large extra dimensions. We also discuss the implications of observations of high energy γ-rays from the Crab Nebula on constraining quantum gravity models.
Atrazine treatment potentiates excretion of mutagenic urine in 2, 6-dinitrotoluene-treated fischer 344 rats

Atrazine (ATZ), an s-triazine herbicide, is a widespread environmental contaminant. The hepatocar-cinogenic component of technical grade dinitrotoluene, 2, 6-dinitrotoluene (2, 6-DNT, 19.5%), is a byproduct of trinitrotoluene synthesis and is found at production sites. This study explores the effect of ATZ treatment on the bioactivation of the promutagen, 2, 6-DNT. Male Fischer 344 rats (5 weeks old) were administered 50 mg/kg of ATZ by gavage for 5 weeks. At 1, 3, and 5 weeks, both DMSO-control and ATZ-pretreated rats were treated p.o. with 75 mg/kg of 2, 6-DNT and were housed in metabolism cages for urine collection. Sulfatase-and β-glucuronidase-treated, concentrated urine was bioassayed for urinary mutagens in a microsuspension modification of the Salmonella assay with and without metabolic activation. No significant change in mutagen excretion was observed in ATZ-treated rats; however, an elevation in direct-acting urine mutagens from rats receiving ATZ and 2, 6-DNT at weeks 1 (359 ± 68 vs. 621 ± 96 revertants/ml) and 5 (278 ± 46 vs. 667 ± 109 revertants/ml) of treatment was observed. The increase in production of urinary mutagens was accompanied by an elevation in small intestinal nitroreductase activity. Increases in large intestinal nitroreductase and β-glucuronidase were observed after 5 weeks. There was no apparent effect of ATZ following 5 weeks of treatment on the production of 2, 6-DNT-derived hepatic DNA adducts. ATZ treatment modifies intestinal enzymes responsible for promutagen bioactivation, and potentiates the excretion of mutagenic urine in 2, 6-DNT-treated animals. © 1995 Wiley-liss, Inc.1
CEO Salary Increases May be Rational After All: Referents and Contracts in CEO Pay

Studies investigating the relationship between executive compensation and firm performance, firm size, or both have had consistently low explanatory power. The present study uses Forbes data for 19...
Accurate mass measurement: taking full advantage of nature's isotopic complexity

Abstract Most mass analysis relies on “nominal” mass accuracy (i.e., to within 1 Da). However, chemical and biochemical applications are increasingly based on much more accurate mass measurement. Mass spectrometric resolution (defined here as the spacing between resolved peaks) does not increase monotonically with increasing spectrometer resolving power for large molecules. Rather, resolution improves by a series of steps. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) effectively extends the onset of each of these stages to ∼100 times higher mass than for any other mass analyzer. FT-ICR performance increases linearly (mass resolving power, data acquisition speed) or quadratically (dynamic range, upper mass limit, length of time that ions can be held in a Penning trap) with increasing magnetic field. NHMFL operates two 9.4 T FT-ICR instruments, and has just installed the world's highest field magnet (14.5 T) for FT-ICR mass analysis.
Dose- and Age-Dependent Effects of Prolactin (PRL) on Luteinizing Hormone- and PRL-Binding Sites in Rat Ley dig Cell Homogenates

Various doses of ovine PRL (oPRL; NIH-P-S12) were injected into immature (22 days old) and adult (82 days old) Sprague-Dawley rats at 1400 h for 2 days to determine the effects of PRL on hCG- and hPRL-binding sites in Leydig cell homogenates. Since hCG and LH bind to the same receptor site, labeled hCG was used for the assessment of LH-binding sites. From a total of 30–60 immature rats for each treatment group, testes from 6 rats were pooled for homogenization and preparation of 27,000 × g Leydig cell homogenates. From a total of 35 adult rats, testes from single rats were pooled for each 27,000 × g preparation. Binding characteristics for hCG and hPRL were determined for each homogenate pool, viz. 5–10 immature and 5–8 adult pools per treatment group. In immature rats, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 μg oPRL sc/day for 2 days resulted in an increase in hCG-binding sites to 291, 318, 876, 642, and 591 fmol hCG/mg protein compared to 212 fmol hCG/mg protein in saline injected controls. Receptor affinity remained unch...
Rouse Dynamics of Block Copolymers

We present rigorous analysis for the dynamic intrachain correlations of block copolymers within the Rouse model, which uncovers current misunderstandings of the dynamics of unentangled block copolymers in solutions and melts. Analytic predictions are made for the dynamic correlations at large and small distances, respectively, providing a critical test for the theory of Benmouna et al. which ignores memory effects and is based on a “dumbbell” model. At large distances, differences exist with regard to the k and composition dependence of the internal mode relaxation time. At small distances, on the other hand, we find non-Markovian stretched exponential decay, as opposed to their Markovian simple exponential decay, and for the correlation between two dynamically asymmetric blocks, a single mode with an intermediate decay constant, in contrast to the linear combination of the two intrablock correlation decay modes obtained by Benmouna et al. Furthermore, for structurally and dynamically symmetric but compos...
Cellulose bait improves the effectiveness of Metarhizium anisopliae as a microbial control of termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Abstract The efficacy of a new virulent Metarhizium anisopliae strain (SRRC 2558) obtained from Coptotermes formosanus in China was evaluated against the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes and the Formosan subterranean termite, C. formosanus , in the laboratory. This new strain was compared with three other virulent M. anisopliae strains and was found to be highly infectious against termites. It caused 100% mortality to groups of 100 R. flavipes workers in containers with treated vermiculite/sand medium at a concentration of ⩾3 × 10 6 conidia/cm 3 . However, in two-container choice devices, R. flavipes avoided containers treated with M. anisopliae at the concentration of ⩾1.5 × 10 7 conidia/cm 3 . Cellulose powder bait containing M. anisopliae was tested against R. flavipes and C. formosanus . At effective concentration, the bait did not cause apparent repellence to R. flavipes and C. formosanus. Successful control of R. flavipes and C. formosanus groups (1000/group) was achieved at 1.5 × 10 8 and 3 × 10 8 conidia/g, respectively, in choice tests in which termites were provided with treated cellulose bait and untreated wood.
Fast Measurement of Polarization Mode Dispersion via Virtually Imaged Phased-Array Based Spectral Polarimetry

We experimentally demonstrate fast measurement of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) with large range (differential group delay <;90ps) via high speed spectral polarimetry utilizing a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) hyperfine spectra disperser.