cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nuclear shell structure at particle drip lines

The shell structure of exotic nuclei near proton and neutron drip lines is discussed in terms of the self-consistent mean-field theory. It is demonstrated that when approaching the neutron drip line, the neutron density becomes very diffused and the single-particle spectrum shows similarities to that of the harmonic oscillator with spin-orbit term. Interaction between bound orbitals and continuum is shown to result in quenching of shell effects in light and medium systems.
Refactoring Tools: Fitness for Purpose

Refactoring is the process of changing software's structure while preserving its external behavior. Refactoring tools can improve the speed and accuracy with which developers create and maintain software-but only if they are used. In practice, tools are not used as much as they could be; this seems to be because sometimes they do not align with the refactoring tactic preferred by most programmers, a tactic the authors call "floss refactoring." They propose five principles that characterize successful floss-refactoring tools - principles that can help programmers to choose the most appropriate refactoring tools and also help toolsmiths to design tools that fit the programmer's purpose.
Estrogen Receptor Genotypes Influence Hot Flash Prevalence and Composite Score Before and After Tamoxifen Therapy

Purpose Hot flashes are common and frequently lead to drug discontinuation among women prescribed tamoxifen. We determined whether genetic polymorphisms in estrogen receptors (ESRs) α and β (ESR1 and ESR2, respectively) are associated with tamoxifen-induced hot flashes. Patients and Methods We determined ESR1 PvuII and XbaI and ESR2-02 genotypes in 297 women who were initiating tamoxifen. One-week hot flash diaries were collected to calculate a hot flash score (frequency × severity) before and 1, 4, 8, and 12 months after starting tamoxifen. Results Approximately 80% of 297 participants reported hot flashes before or during the first year of tamoxifen. After 4 months of tamoxifen, premenopausal women who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy had a four-fold increase in hot flash score (from 5.9 to 23.6; P = .003) compared with a 1.17-fold increase (from 19.6 to 23; P = .34) in those who received chemotherapy. In premenopausal women, increased number of ESR1 PvuII and XbaI CG alleles was associated with hi...
Recovery High Schools: A Descriptive Study of School Programs and Students

High schools specifically designed for students recover- ing from a substance use disorder (substance abuse or dependence) have been emerging as a continuing care resource since 1987. This study of
“Seamless Autonomy”: Removing autonomy level stratifications

The dispatching of robots into mission critical environments is becoming more and more commonplace as hardware evolves to a level of ruggedness demanded in these scenarios. Despite the advances in hardware platforms, novel control strategies to support effective human-robot interaction languish behind. Researchers at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and Washington University in St. Louis have been working to bridge the gap between current robotic hardware readiness and its lack of efficient system usability. In 2007 the INL successfully deployed commercial off the shelf (COTS) robots targeted to Military and Hazmat Team usage outfitted with an intelligence payload in a series of chemical, biological, radiologic, nuclear, explosive (CBRNE) detection exercises using domain area experts from the US Navy Explosive Ordinance Disposal Command and the US Armys Chemical School at Ft. Leonard Wood, Missouri. This paper examines the primitive behaviors that comprise the intelligent navigation payload used in the exercises. It also discusses Seamless Autonomy, a robot control strategy that blends the users knowledge of the task requirement with the robotpsilas interpretation of the local environment, providing a more appropriate task allocation between human and robot. Seamless autonomy simplifies the userpsilas interaction with the system by removing the need for the user to understand the individual behaviors or when they should be used. Instead the user is enabled to think in terms of the task goals.
Estrogen in the Fetus

Estradiol and other estrogens are important modulators of fetal and maternal physiology in pregnancy. Much is known about the biosynthesis of estrogens in fetus and mother, and much is known about the role that estrogen plays in labor and delivery. However, much less is known about the regulation of estrogen biosynthesis throughout the latter half of gestation, and the role that estrogen plays in homeostatic and neuroendocrine control in the fetus. This review focuses on the biosynthesis and actions of estrogen in the fetal circulation, the role that it plays in the development of the fetus in the latter half of gestation, and the role that is played by the estrogen milieu in the control of the timing of birth. Estrogen circulates in fetal blood in both unconjugated and conjugated molecular forms, with the conjugated steroids far more abundant than the unconjugated steroids. This review therefore also addresses the biological significance of the variety of molecular forms of estrogen circulating in fetal and maternal blood.
Modeling the Influence of Taphonomic Destruction, Reworking, and Burial on Time-Averaging in Fossil Accumulations

Abstract A mathematical/computer model was constructed to explore the effects of changes in rates of taphonomic loss, sediment reworking, and burial on time-averaging in fossil deposits. Using a Monte Carlo algorithm, the main controlling variables were thickness of the taphonomically active zone (TAZ; the interval where shells are likely to be destroyed), depth of final burial (DFB; below which shells can no longer be reworked into the TAZ), and burial rate. Output included both the decay trajectory of shells above the DFB as well as the frequency distribution of post-mortem shell ages at final burial (entry into the fossil record). Output was justified ergodically as equivalent to time-averaging in a deposit. The model helps to illuminate several important concepts for time-averaging. For example, it clarifies that DFB and TAZ need not be coincident. In fact, the mechanism of shell sequestering (allowing shells to remain in a safe zone between the TAZ and DFB) as a means of shell survival for 100s or 10...
Studies on Antibody to Bradykinin

A number of investigators have reported the production of antibody to bradykinin in rabbits (1–5). These workers conjugated bradykinin with proteins or synthetic polypeptides since bradykinin by itself is nonimmunogenic. In our laboratory we have found that human LMW kininogen I, which is thought to contain the kinin moiety at the carboxyl terminus, is able to compete with bradykinin for its antibody. Further, immunization of one sheep with this kininogen elicited high-affinity antibody to bradykinin as well as precipitating antibodies to the remainder of the kininogen molecule. Attempts to repeat this result in another strain of sheep, the original strain being no longer obtainable, were unsuccessful. This prompted us to explore other, more promising immunogens. The brady-kinin-ovalbumin conjugate, first described by Talamo and coworkers (4), appears to be the best.
Pharmacologic Activities¬ of 3’-Hydroxypterostilbene: Cytotoxic, Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Adipogenic, Anti-Inflammatory, Histone Deacetylase and Sirtuin 1 Inhibitory Activity

Purpose : Delineate the selected pharmacodynamics of a naturally occurring stilbene 3’-Hydroxypterostilbene. Objective: Characterize for the first time the pharmacodynamics bioactivity in several in-vitro assays with relevant roles in heart disease, inflammation, cancer, and diabetes etiology and pathophysiology. Methods : 3’-Hydroxypterostilbene was studied in in-vitro assays to identify possible bioactivity. Results: 3’-Hydroxypterostilbene demonstrated anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, anti-adipogenic, histone deacetylase, and sirtuin-1 inhibitory activity. Conclusions: The importance of understanding individual stilbene pharmacologic activities were delineated. Small changes in chemical structure of stilbene compounds result in significant pharmacodynamic differences. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW . Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Pilot-Scale Continuous Production of LY2886721: Amide Formation and Reactive Crystallization

The design, development, and implementation of a pilot-scale continuous Schotten–Baumann amide bond formation and reactive crystallization to afford LY2886721 is described. The material met all API quality attributes and was comparable to material produced by a defined batch process. The scalability of the reaction and crystallization processes was confirmed during the development process. The pilot-scale equipment set was contained in a walk-in fume hood and operated at a production rate of 3 kg/day in a 72 h continuous run. Significant technical and business drivers for running the process in continuous flow mode were proposed and examined during development. The continuous process provided for lab hood commercialization and provided for minimal material at risk in the process. The demonstration also confirmed the risk inherent to operation of a tubular reactor under supersaturated conditions, and fouling occurred in the plug flow reactor. Fouling also occurred in the crystallizer. Recognizing these def...
Physiological Properties of Auditory Neurons

In this chapter we discuss the physiological characteristics of the brainstem auditory nuclei with regard to three major challenges bats face: 1) The determination of target characteristics from the temporal and spectral properties of echoes; 2) the evaluation of target range coded by the temporal interval between an emitted pulse and echo; and 3) the localization of a sound in space as computed from interaural intensity disparities.
Attrition of memory CD8 T cells during sepsis requires LFA-1

CD8 T cell loss and dysfunction have been implicated in the increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections during the later immunosuppressive phase of sepsis, but CD8 T cell activation and attrition in early sepsis remain incompletely understood. With the use of a CLP model, we assessed CD8 T cell activation at 5 consecutive time points and found that activation after sepsis results in a distinct phenotype (CD69+CD25intCD62LHI) independent of cognate antigen recognition and TCR engagement and likely through bystander-mediated cytokine effects. Additionally, we observed that sepsis concurrently results in the preferential depletion of a subset of memory-phenotype CD8 T cells that remain "unactivated" (i.e., fail to up-regulate activation markers) by apoptosis. Unactivated CD44HI OT-I cells were spared from sepsis-induced attrition, as were memory-phenotype CD8 T cells of mice treated with anti-LFA-1 mAb, 1 h after CLP. Perhaps most importantly, we demonstrate that attrition of memory phenotype cells may have a pathologic significance, as elevated IL-6 levels were associated with decreased numbers of memory-phenotype CD8 T cells in septic mice, and preservation of this subset after administration of anti-LFA-1 mAb conferred improved survival at 7 d. Taken together, these data identify potentially modifiable responses of memory-phenotype CD8 T cells in early sepsis and may be particularly important in the application of immunomodulatory therapies in sepsis.
Analysis of the prevalence and its influencing factors of diffuse goiter in Zhejiang

Objective To evaluate the status of diffuse goiter of population in Zhejiang Province and to analyze the relevant influencing factors.Methods A total of 18 188 subjects were recruited in the cross sectional survey,by multistage stratified cluster random sampling method.B ultrasound measurement were carried among the subjects to detect the thyroid volume,and the basic information and life styles were interviewed by questionnaires.Then,we analyzed the distribution and its influencing factors of diffuse goiter.Results The ratio of diffuse goiter among the surveyed population was 2.2％ (403/18 188),the difference showed statistical significance (x2 =267.11,P ＜ 0.05).The ratio among the group aged 6-7 years old and 8-10 years old was comparatively high,separately 10.3％ (27/262) and 9.8％ (51/519).The ratio among women (2.9％,305/10 470) was higher than it among men (1.3％,97/7672) (x2 =55.55,P ＜ 0.05).The residents from inland areas had the highest prevalence (3.2％,138/4374),followed by residents from sub-coastal areas (2.0％,131/6411),coastal areas minimum (1.8％,138/4374) (x2 =24.31,P ＜ 0.05).The content of water iodine and salt iodine among people with symptoms of goiter had statistical difference with it among ordinary population (water iodine:x2 =4.95,P =0.026 ; salt iodine:x2 =11.03,P ＜ 0.01).The median (quartile) of water iodine in ordinary population was 2.41 (1.96-6.15) μg/L and among people with symptoms of goiter was 1.88 (1.49-5.15) μg/L.The median (quartile) of salt iodine in ordinary population was 30.18 (24.69-32.65) mg/kg and among people with symptoms of goiter was 29.1 (24.70-31.95) mg/kg.The influential factors of goiter were as follows:the family income,the education degree,the job and profession status,the diet character,the habitual sea food consumption,the alcohol intake status (x2 were separately 8.08,37.85,98.78,68.69,10.91,12.21,26.94,P ＜ 0.05).Multi-factor analysis showed the results as follows:female (OR =0.27 95％ CI:0.18-0.39),school students (OR =8.05,95％ CI:3.87-16.73),vegetarian (OR =1.60,95％ CI:1.15-2.22) took a higher risk of getting pathogenic goiter; while the group of those who had university degree or above (OR =0.84,95％ CI:0.73-0.97),ate sea food frequently (OR =0.62,95％ CI:0.44-0.88) took a lower risk.Conclusions The ratio of diffuse goiter in the group aged among 6-7 years old and 8-10 years old was comparatively high.The ratio was influenced by many factors. Key words: Iodine; Water iodine; Salt iodine ; Diffuse goiter
Economic Regionalism Critical Evaluation and Future Prospects

The main conclusion suggested by this study is that both the structure — that is the regional distribution, commodity composition and balancing of payments — and the modus operandi of international trade have been radically altered in the last thirty years.
The South Atlantic and Antarctica

Only a few major powers have involved themselves militarily in the South Atlantic to any significant degree and the demilitarised regime for Antarctica has ensured that none of them has established an unambiguous military presence there. Of the several dozen developing states which ring the South Atlantic, only two are at all seriously involved there in naval matters and none of the others currently aspire to such an involvement (see Table 2.5). Argentina and Brazil stand out among Third-World states. Chile, which has naturally tended to look more to the Pacific than to the Atlantic, has been drawn into the affairs of the South Atlantic through the Beagle Channel dispute and through its presence in Antarctica. Argentina, Brazil and Chile maintain the most powerful navies in the area, respectively ranking 6 and 5. Venezuela, which has a rank 4 navy, is the next most powerful navy but only has a peripheral involvement in the South Atlantic.
Laboratory Experiments in Sociology

Laboratory experiments in sociology have become increasingly oriented to testing, refining, and extending theories and testing their applications. The increasing number of theoretically oriented experiments has led to an increasing number of experimentally oriented theoretical research programs and, with them, to an increasing number of standardized experimental settings capable of comparing and contrasting conditions between experiments with the same confidence as within experiments. The increase in the number of theoretical research programs has led to more theory growth; to growth, of both theory and research, that is more cumulative; and to a greater impact of experiments on the application of theory. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of the challenge of generalizing from experiments.
The Gerontocracy and Youth: Pierrette

“The Gerontocracy and Youth” opens with Pierrette’s implicit promise of a joyous tale of young love, as Balzac exploits mock heroic in a desolate account of the abuse of the nation’s young by the elderly. Youth was everywhere frustrated, for avenues to positions where they might work the changes desperately needed by society had been closed. Pierrette was invited to join her aunt and uncle in the hope of receiving an inheritance. Instead, she is beaten, intimidated, and, indeed, killed, leaving a disconsolate young man and triumphant elders, thus emphasizing the tragedy of an unrestrained gerontocracy committed to their own welfare.
Self-Assembly of Catenanes from Lasso Peptides

Lasso peptides exist naturally in a threaded state as [1]rotaxanes, and we reasoned that lasso peptides cleaved in their loop region could serve as building blocks for catenanes. Mutagenesis of the lasso peptide microcin J25 (MccJ25) with two cysteine residues followed by cleavage of the peptide with trypsin led to a [2]rotaxane structure that self-assembled into a [3]catenane and [4]catenanes at room temperature in aqueous solution. The [3]catenane represents the smallest ring size of a catenane composed solely of polypeptide segments. The NMR structure of the [3]catenane was determined, suggesting that burial of hydrophobic residues may be a driving force for assembly of the catenane structure.
Machine learning for entity coreference resolution: a retrospective look at two decades of research

Though extensively investigated since the 1960s, entity coreference resolution, a core task in natural language understanding, is far from being solved. Nevertheless, significant progress has been made on learning-based coreference research since its inception two decades ago. This paper provides an overview of the major milestones made in learning-based coreference research and discusses a hard entity coreference task, the Winograd Schema Challenge, which has recently received a lot of attention in the AI community.
Biotunable Nanoplasmonic Filter on Few-Layer MoS2 for Rapid and Highly Sensitive Cytokine Optoelectronic Immunosensing.

Monitoring of the time-varying immune status of a diseased host often requires rapid and sensitive detection of cytokines. Metallic nanoparticle-based localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensors hold promise to meet this clinical need by permitting label-free detection of target biomolecules. These biosensors, however, continue to suffer from relatively low sensitivity as compared to conventional immunoassay methods that involve labeling processes. Their response speeds also need to be further improved to enable rapid cytokine quantification for critical care in a timely manner. In this paper, we report an immunobiosensing device integrating a biotunable nanoplasmonic optical filter and a highly sensitive few-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) photoconductive component, which can serve as a generic device platform to meet the need of rapid cytokine detection with high sensitivity. The nanoplasmonic filter consists of anticytokine antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles on a SiO2 thin layer that is...
Absorption and elimination profile of isoproterenol II. Parenteral, oral, and rectal administration to unanesthetized dogs

The tachycardia in unanesthetized dogs after parenteral, oral, and rectal administration of isoproterenol in solution has been monitored. Disappearance of heart rate activity after intravenous administration appears to be first order and ranges in half-life from 0.9 to 1.4 min. Comparison of areas under curves indicate the total response after oral administration is proportionately greater as the dose is decreased or given in divided doses. Rectal administration is more efficient than oral dosage. A method for calculating apparent absorption rate constants for drugs having rapid elimination rates relative to slow absorption rates is described and applied to isoproterenol.
Oral Health Inequities: An AJPH Supplement to Help Close the Gap

The article presents an introduction to a section of articles which focus on oral health inequities in the U.S., including the need for a uniform and inclusive data collection method in order to accurately document and monitor oral health inequities, and the impact of workforce and access to care on oral health care.
Collisional model of the drag force of granular impact

A dense, dry granular target can cause a free-falling intruding object to come to an abrupt stop as its momentum is lost to the grains. An empirical force law describes this process, characterizing the stopping force as the sum of depth-dependent friction and velocity-dependent inertial drag. However, a complete interpretation of the stopping force, incorporating grain-scale interactions during impact, remains unresolved. Here, the momentum transfer is proposed to occur through sporadic, normal collisions with clusters of high force-carrying grains at the intruder’s surface. To test this model in impact experiments, we determine the forces acting on an intruder decelerating through a dense granular medium using high-speed imaging of its trajectory. We vary the geometry of the impacting object to infer intruder-grain interactions. As a result, we connect the inertial drag to the effect of intruder shape based on the proposed collisional model. These impact studies serve as an approach to understand dynamic force transmission in granular media.
A Neurophysiological Rationale for the Use of the Relaxation Response: Neurological Desensitization

Since the original applications of behavioral technologies to the treatment of disease, it has been observed that the elicitation of what Benson (1975) has called the “relaxation response” has proved useful in the treatment of a wide variety of psychiatric and stress-related somatic diseases (Benson; Caudill, Schnable, Zuttermeister, Benson, & Friedman, 1991; Chen et al., 2009; Domar, Seidel, & Benson, 1990; Dunford & Thompson, 2010; Forbes, et al., 2008; Hellman, 1990; Kutz, Borysenko, & Benson, 1985; Lavey & Taylor, 1985; Mackereth, Booth, Hillier, & Caress, 2009; Manzoni, Pagnini, Castelnuovo, & Molinari, 2008; Moturi & Avis, 2010; Rausch, Gramilin, & Auerbach, 2006; Shapiro & Giber, 1978). The relaxation response is perhaps best understood as a psychophysiological state of hypoarousal engendered by a multitude of diverse technologies (e.g., meditation, neuromuscular relaxation, hypnosis). Research into the relaxation response as a therapeutic mechanism and its clinical proliferation have been hampered, however, by a lack of conceptual clarity regarding its therapeutic foundations and/or its mechanisms of action. This chapter will explore the physiological and psychological foundations of the relaxation response to set the stage for discussions in subsequent chapters of specific therapeutic technologies (e.g., meditation, neuromuscular relaxation) used to elicit the relaxation response for the treatment of stress-related diseases.
Gaming the Reading Experience: Book-related Social Spaces for Young Children

Sammenlignet med boger for voksne, gar det langsommere med at flytte fra print til digitale platforme nar det gaelder boger og andet med kulturelt indhold for born. Forskning indenfor bogindustrien viser dog, at det nu begynder at ga hurtigere (Howell & Henry, Nielsen Book, 2014). Born og unge far flere og flere muligheder for at deltage i nye online tiltag, som vedrorer boger og litteratur. Fordi der i USA er love der siger, at born skal vaere 13 ar for at deltage i online sites, f.eks. the Child Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), fokuserer de fleste amerikanske literatursites pa unge, som er 13 ar eller aeldre. Som noget nyt er der for nylig blevet dannet to nye amerikanske bogsites (eller literatursites), hvor brugerinvolveringen er rettet mod yngre born: KidzVuz og Biblionasium. Disse sites kraever tilladelse fra enten foraeldre eller laerere, og pa den made overholder de loven. Dette muliggor yngre borns deltagelse, samtidig med at ejerne af websites’ene kan udnytte"bornearbejdet" omkring bogerne. Bornenes involvering pa sites’ene fungerer som peer-to-peer marketing, og isaer KidzVuz introducerer born for forskellige varemaerker. Her kan born fra 7-12 lave videoer, finde venner, og melde sig ind i fanklubber, samt skrive boganmendelser og anmeldelser for andre medier og andet der interesserer dem, som for eksempel tv og film, spil, kaeledyr og konkurrencer. Der bruges gamification pa sitet, hvilket betyder at, bornene ligesom i computerspil belonnes med badges for det arbejde, de udforer. Branding pa sitet er et fokus som giver "en unik og malrettet mulighed for at eksponere born for varemaerker via peer-to-peer marketing gennem deres egne bekendskaber" (Kidzvuz, 2014). Biblionasium er et site hvor born mellem 6 og 13 ar kan skrive anmendelser. Sitet samler data omkring hvad bornene laeser og sender feedback til kontoejerne, altsa enten foraeldrene eller laereren. Sitet har stor fokus pa undervisning, og haevder at vaere "dedikeret til born og deres laesning." Sitet bruger laesbarhedsindex i forhold til "The Lexile Framework" til at vudere bornenes laeseniveau. Begge sites forsoger at fa born til at deltage i laesning via sociale medier, men i det koncept ligger en harfin balance mellem kommercialisering og altruisme, isaer fordi disse sites fokuserer pa unge under 13 ar. Denne artikel undersoger hvordan born og unge i hojere og hojere grad bruges til at arbejde med online litteratur pa mader som er involverende, sjove - og lige pa kanten af loven. Europaeisk lovgivning omkring unges deltagelse pa online sites vil blive brugt til sammenligning.
Severely Constraining Dark-Matter Interpretations of the 21-cm Anomaly

The EDGES Collaboration has recently reported the detection of a stronger-than-expected absorption feature in the global 21-cm spectrum, centered at a frequency corresponding to a redshift of z≃17. This observation has been interpreted as evidence that the gas was cooled during this era as a result of scattering with dark matter. In this Letter, we explore this possibility, applying constraints from the cosmic microwave background, light element abundances, Supernova 1987A, and a variety of laboratory experiments. After taking these constraints into account, we find that the vast majority of the parameter space capable of generating the observed 21-cm signal is ruled out. The only viable models are those in which a small fraction, ∼0.3%-2%, of the dark matter consists of particles with a mass of ∼10-80 MeV and which couple to the photon through a small electric charge, roughly 10^{-6}-10^{-4} as large as the electron charge. Furthermore, in order to avoid being overproduced in the early Universe, such models must be supplemented with an additional depletion mechanism, such as annihilations through a L_{μ}-L_{τ} gauge boson or annihilations to a pair of rapidly decaying hidden sector scalars.
Results on the Chebyshev method in banach spaces

In this paper, under standard Newton-Kantorovich conditions, we establish the Kantorovich-type convergence theorem for Chebyshev method in Banach spaces.
The Automation of Mail Processing

It is clear that integrated automation will eventually replace mechanization as the core technology used to process mail. Those responsible promise that postal automation will reduce or eliminate the disadvantages of letter sorting machines (LSMs) and pave the way for much more rapid and efficient processing of mail and improved mail service. Postal officials believe that 30 years is enough time to learn the limits to how fast and accurately human beings can press keys on LSMs. Operator resistance and high training costs are additional problems that postal managers hope to solve with automation technology that is supposed to eliminate the need for most LSMs and LSM operators.
A Platform to Record Patient Events During Physiological Monitoring With Wearable Sensors: Proof-of-Concept Study.

Background Patient journals have been used as valuable resources in clinical studies. However, the full potential value of such journals can be undermined by inefficiencies and ambiguities associated with handwritten patient reports. The increasing number of mobile phones and mobile-based health care approaches presents an opportunity to improve communications from patients to clinicians and clinical researchers through the use of digital patient journals. Objective The objective of this project was to develop a smartphone-based platform that would enable patients to record events and symptoms on the same timeline as clinical data collected by wearable sensors. Methods This platform consists of two major components: a smartphone for patients to record their journals and wireless sensors for clinical data collection. The clinical data and patient records are then exported to a clinical researcher interface, and the data and journal are processed and combined into a single time-series graph for analysis. This paper gives a block diagram of the platform's principal components and compares its features to those of other methods but does not explicitly discuss the process of design or development of the system. Results As a proof of concept, body temperature data were obtained in a 4-hour span from a 22-year-old male, during which the subject simultaneously recorded relevant activities and events using the iPhone platform. After export to a clinical researcher's desktop, the digital records and temperature data were processed and fused into a single time-series graph. The events were filtered based on specific keywords to facilitate data analysis. Conclusions We have developed a user-friendly patient journal platform, based on widely available smartphone technology, that gives clinicians and researchers a simple method to track and analyze patient activities and record the activities on a shared timeline with clinical data from wearable devices.
A Distributed Demand Response Algorithm and its Application to Campus Microgrid

This paper proposed a distributed demand response (DR) strategy for shaving peak load in a campus microgrid. It has been an open issue to address the DR problem in a network of multiple types of buildings, like a campus, where each building is concerned about its own end-users. A decentralized DR model is developed to realize peak load shaving under the incentive of minimizing the affected population caused by the load interruption. It is solved by an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) based DR algorithm considering the complementarity of building consumption patterns. The simulating system based on the consumption data of the University of Connecticut co-generation plant is built to validate the effectiveness of the proposed DR control. It decreases the peak-to-average consumption ratio and lowers the overall dissatisfaction level at end-user side.
Rotationally induced luminescence of nanoclusters immersed in superfluid helium

We studied the influence of rotation speed of a beaker containing superfluid helium (He II) on the intensity of luminescence of collections of nanoclusters immersed in He II. We observed an increase in the α-group emission of nitrogen atoms (2D→4S transition) in nanoclusters which correlated with the increasing of rotational speed of the beaker. Increasing luminescence was also observed by increasing the concentration of molecular nitrogen in the nitrogen-helium gas mixtures used for the formation of the molecular nitrogen nanoclusters. We suggest that this effect is caused by the change of the density of quantum vortices in He II initiated by variation of rotational speed of the beaker. When the density of the vortices is increased, the probability for the nanoclusters to become trapped in the vortex cores is also increased. The collisions in the vortex cores of trapped nanoclusters with nitrogen atoms stabilized mostly on the surfaces of the nanoclusters initiate the recombination of nitrogen atoms resu...
Incidence and predictors of dyspnea on exertion in a prospective cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective To investigate the incidence and predictors of dyspnea on exertion among subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods We investigated dyspnea on exertion using a prospective cohort, the Brigham RA Sequential Study (BRASS). Clinically significant dyspnea on exertion was defined as a score of ≥3 (unable to ambulate without breathlessness or worse) on the validated Medical Research Council (MRC) scale (range 0-5). We analyzed subjects with MRC score <3 at BRASS baseline and ≥1 year of follow-up. The MRC scale was administered annually. We determined the incidence rate (IR) of dyspnea on exertion. We used Cox regression to estimate the HR for dyspnea on exertion occurring one year after potential predictors were assessed. Results We analyzed 829 subjects with RA and no clinically significant dyspnea on exertion during mean follow-up of 3.0 years (SD 1.9). At baseline, mean age was 55.7 years (SD 13.6), 82.4% were female, and median RA duration was 8 years. During follow-up, 112 subjects (13.5%) developed incident dyspnea on exertion during 2,476 person-years of follow-up (IR 45.2 per 1000 person-years). Independent predictors of incident dyspnea on exertion were: older age (HR 1.03 per year, 95%CI 1.01-1.04), female sex (HR 2.22, 95%CI 1.14-4.29), mild dyspnea (HR 2.62, 95%CI 1.60-4.28), and worsened MDHAQ (HR 2.36 per unit, 95%CI 1.54-3.60). Methotrexate use, RA disease activity, and seropositivity were not associated with incident dyspnea on exertion. Conclusion Dyspnea on exertion occurred commonly in patients with RA. Older women with impaired physical function were especially vulnerable to developing dyspnea on exertion.
Project Control, Coordination, and Performance in Complex Information Systems Outsourcing

Information systems outsourcing has not only become prevalent but also involves an increasingly wide range of activities beyond the traditional programming, testing, documentation, and localization...
The Use of Visible Security Measures in Public Schools: A Review to Summarize Current Literature and Guide Future Research

Concerns over school violence, particularly deadly school violence, have prompted demands for greater attention to student safety and school security. One response has been an increased use of visible security in public schools in all locations and grade levels. Relatively little, though, is known about the effectiveness of these measures to reduce crime and violence as well as their possible unintended consequences. This article provides a review of the literature concerning trends in the use of visible school security as well as the effect of these measures on specific outcomes including crime, student fear and exclusionary discipline. This review aims to facilitate future research and policy by identifying what is known, what gaps exist and what should be considered in developing a future research agenda to inform policy.
Prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with stalking victimization among college students

Objective: This study’s purpose was to examine the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with stalking victimization among a diverse sample of college students. Participants: Data were...
Development of highly efficient NEG pumping system for EBIS

Ultrahigh vacuum inside the ion trap volume is crucial for stable and reliable operation of an Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS). We have developed and tested a compact linear pumping system based on the ZAO Non-Evaporable Getter (NEG) module with high pumping speed and enhanced sorption capacity for all active gases. Due to its minimal transverse dimensions, the system can be mounted adjacent to the ion trap inside a superconducting solenoid bore and will provide a pumping speed of the order of 1000 l/s for all active gases in that area. An externally supplied current (100 A DC) is used to heat the ZAO NEG up to 650 °C for more than 1 h, which is required for pump activation and/or reactivation cycles. The pumping system is being developed for use in the Extended EBIS Upgrade which is presently in progress at BNL. The design of the system and results of multiple tests are presented and discussed.
Synchrophasor-Based Condition Monitoring of Instrument Transformers Using Clustering Approach

During the life span of an instrument transformers (IT), non-catastrophic and typically undetected problems may degrades the overall performance of the instrumentation system. Synchrophasor provides high resolution synchronized data compared to the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. In the proposed non-intrusive method, time-series Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) data are processed using three step approach for real time condition monitoring of IT at the control center. Bad data are filtered or flagged using MLE based ensemble method before applying density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) to detect clusters, changing over time within each time window. In the third step, a decision logic diagram is developed using additional data and system information to categorize the observed anomalies into different types of malfunction, failure, event or degradation. The proposed method has been validated using IEEE test system modeled in the Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) interfaced with industrial hardware PMU device. Detecting equipment failures at an early stage will result in improved system reliability and reduced maintenance cost. Several test cases demonstrate superiority of the proposed method for detecting incipient failures in the IT, and provides early warning mechanism for preventing full blown faults resulting in major impact on the power grid.
Using GPS-data to determine optimum electric vehicle ranges: A Michigan case study

Abstract Fuel-switching personal transportation from gasoline to electricity offers many advantages, including lower noise, zero local air pollution, and petroleum-independence. But alleviations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are more nuanced, due to many factors, including the car’s battery range. We use GPS-based trip data to determine use type-specific, GHG-optimized ranges. The dataset comprises 412 cars and 384,869 individual trips in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. We use previously developed algorithms to determine driver types, such as using the car to commute or not. Calibrating an existing life cycle GHG model to a forecast, low-carbon grid for Ann Arbor, we find that the optimum range varies not only with the drive train architecture (plugin-hybrid versus battery-only) and charging technology (fast versus slow) but also with the driver type. Across the 108 scenarios we investigated, the range that yields lowest GHG varies from 65 km (55+ year old drivers, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid) to 158 km (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only). The optimum GHG reduction that electric cars offer – here conservatively measured versus gasoline-only hybrid cars – is fairly stable, between 29% (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only) and 46% (commuters, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid). The electrification of total distances is between 66% and 86%. However, if cars do not have the optimum range, these metrics drop substantially. We conclude that matching the range to drivers’ typical trip distances, charging technology, and drivetrain is a crucial pre-requisite for electric vehicles to achieve their highest potential to reduce GHG emissions in personal transportation.
Marijuana for medical use: Implications for health care providers

Abstract While the Health Care Provider's (HCP) first duty is to care for patients, their secondary duty is to care for self. However, when the health care provider becomes the patient, accepting treatment with marijuana may create uncertainty. Health care providers who would benefit from marijuana for relief from chronic pain, depression, or anxiety may do so with the threat of legal action and the possible loss of license and career. By reviewing the legal landscape of marijuana for medical use by HCPs, an action plan can be developed to bridge the gap between federal/state regulations and policies.
The neural circuit model in psychiatry pays off

Noninvasive brain stimulation in depressed patients can be used to target different neural circuits, improving different symptoms.
A coupled multipoint stress–multipoint flux mixed finite element method for the Biot system of poroelasticity

Abstract We present a mixed finite element method for a five-field formulation of the Biot system of poroelasticity that reduces to a cell-centered pressure–displacement system on simplicial and quadrilateral grids. A mixed stress–displacement–rotation formulation for elasticity with weak stress symmetry is coupled with a mixed velocity–pressure Darcy formulation. The spatial discretization is based on combining the multipoint stress mixed finite element (MSMFE) method for elasticity and the multipoint flux mixed finite element (MFMFE) method for Darcy flow. It uses the lowest order Brezzi–Douglas–Marini mixed finite element spaces for the poroelastic stress and Darcy velocity, piecewise constant displacement and pressure, and continuous piecewise linear or bilinear rotation. A vertex quadrature rule is applied to the velocity, stress, and stress–rotation bilinear forms, which block-diagonalizes the corresponding matrices and allows for local velocity, stress, and rotation elimination. This leads to a cell-centered positive-definite system for pressure and displacement at each time step. We perform error analysis for the semidiscrete and fully discrete formulations, establishing first order convergence for all variables in their natural norms. The numerical tests confirm the theoretical convergence rates and illustrate the locking-free property of the method.
Evidence for Nest-Site Fidelity but Not Natal Homing in Bog Turtles (Glyptemys muhlenbergii)

To mitigate habitat loss and increase the reproductive success of threatened Bog Turtles (Glyptemys muhlenbergii), managers often improve or restore open-canopy nesting habitats within or adjacent to occupied habitat. Restoring nesting habitat, however, does not guarantee that Bog Turtles will use these restored habitats; inertial mechanisms such as nest-site fidelity and natal homing may prevent female Bog Turtles from discovering and using restored habitats for many years or even generations. The objective of this study was to improve understanding of the role behavioral inertia may play in female Bog Turtle nest-site selection. From 2008 to 2012, at nine fens in New York and Massachusetts, we compared the average distance between previous and subsequent nests with null distributions assuming no nest-site fidelity. We also assessed whether pairwise genetic relatedness of nesting females was positively associated with geographic distance between nests. We found evidence for strong but incomplete fidelity to nesting-habitat patches within a wetland, likely driven by behavioral inertia. Individuals nesting closer together were not more closely related, and first-degree female relatives did not consistently nest within the same nesting-habitat patch, suggesting that Bog Turtles do not exhibit natal homing. Our results suggest that Bog Turtle populations may be slow to respond to newly restored nesting areas because of behavior inertia. However, testing this hypothesis will require long-term monitoring of habitat-restoration efforts coupled with further investigations of Bog Turtle nest-site selection.
Very Large Array OH Zeeman Observations of the Star-forming Region S88B

We present observations of the Zeeman effect in OH thermal absorption main lines at 1665 and 1667?MHz taken with the Very Large Array toward the star-forming region S88B. The OH absorption profiles toward this source are complicated, and contain several blended components toward a number of positions. Almost all of the OH absorbing gas is located in the eastern parts of S88B, toward the compact continuum source S88B-2 and the eastern parts of the extended continuum source S88B-1. The ratio of 1665/1667?MHz OH line intensities indicates the gas is likely highly clumped, in agreement with other molecular emission line observations in the literature. S88-B appears to present a similar geometry to the well-known star-forming region M17, in that there is an edge-on eastward progression from ionized to molecular gas. The detected magnetic fields appear to mirror this eastward transition; we detected line-of-sight magnetic fields ranging from 90 to 400 ?G, with the lowest values of the field to the southwest of the S88B-1 continuum peak, and the highest values to its northeast. We used the detected fields to assess the importance of the magnetic field in S88B by a number of methods; we calculated the ratio of thermal to magnetic pressures, we calculated the critical field necessary to completely support the cloud against self-gravity and compared it to the observed field, and we calculated the ratio of mass to magnetic flux in terms of the critical value of this parameter. All these methods indicated that the magnetic field in S88B is dynamically significant, and should provide an important source of support against gravity. Moreover, the magnetic energy density is in approximate equipartition with the turbulent energy density, again pointing to the importance of the magnetic field in this region.
Mothers’ Out-of-Sequence Postsecondary Education and Their Health and Health Behaviors:

Ample research suggests that the links between higher education and heath are robust and growing in strength. This research, however, tends to assume education was completed prior to assuming other adult roles. Importantly, the life course framework raises the question of whether "out-of-sequence" college completion conveys similar health returns. I investigate this question among a population for whom out-of-sequence schooling has grown more common: lower-educated mothers. This focus is also important given the growing education gap in women's health and the links between maternal and child health. Data come from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 4,898). Analyses involve random intercept and fixed effects models and diverse health measures. Findings suggest that postsecondary education does not improve mother's health, except for reduced smoking among mothers with high school degrees or less that earned bachelor's degrees. These findings inform health policy debates and theories linking education to health.
Multivariate Hawkes process model of market participants behavior in the high frequency world

We propose a multivariate Hawkes process to model the interaction between the non-high frequency traders (NHFTs) behavior (Buy and sell) and high frequency traders (HFTs) behavior (Buy and sell). W...
Disproportionate Use in Minor Trauma Is Driving Emergency Department Cervical Spine Imaging: An Injury Severity Score-Based Analysis.

Abstract Purpose Clinical practice guidelines intended to reduce unnecessary cervical spine imaging have yielded mixed results. We aimed to assess evolving emergency department (ED) cervical spine imaging utilization in patients with trauma by injury severity. Methods Using 2009 to 2018 IBM MarketScan Commercial Databases, we identified ED trauma encounters, associated cervical spine imaging, and related diagnosis codes. We classified encounters by injury severity (minor, intermediate, major) using an International Classification of Disease code-derived Injury Severity Score algorithm and studied evolving imaging utilization using multivariable Poisson regression models. Results Of all 11,346,684 ED visits for trauma, 7,753,914 (68.3%), 3,524,250 (31.1%), and 68,520 (0.6%) involved minor, intermediate, and major injuries, respectively. Overall cervical spine imaging increased 5.7% annually (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.057, P Conclusions Recent increases in cervical spine imaging in commercially insured patients with trauma seen in the ED have been largely related to increases in CT for patients with only minor injuries, in whom imaging utilization has been historically low. Further study is necessary to assess appropriateness, implications on costs and population radiation dose, and factors influencing ordering decision making.