cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recovery of olfactory behavior. II. Neonatal olfactory bulb transplants enhance the rate of behavioral recovery

Previous experiments in this laboratory have shown that transplants of a fetal olfactory bulb into a neonatal rat are viable and that they establish connections with the olfactory peduncle and olfactory cortex. The focus of this experiment was to investigate the anatomical correlates of any behavioral recovery seen in rats that had one olfactory bulb removed along with an immediate transplant of a fetal olfactory bulb. Anatomical details, such as transplant organization and olfactory nerve repenetration patterns were analyzed using a variety of histological and immunohistochemical techniques. The rats in this experiment showed behavioral recovery of olfactory ability. The recovery rates observed in these animals were compared to two other groups of rats that this laboratory has shown to be behaviorally competent: normal rats and rats with neonatal ablations of the olfactory bulb but no transplant. Although the animals with transplants did not recover to completely normal levels of olfactory ability, they did start behavioral testing in a more behaviorally competent condition than rats with simple neonatal lesions. Anatomical analysis revealed that the transplanted olfactory bulb was heavily penetrated by incoming olfactory nerve fibers but olfactory nerve penetration was not limited to the transplanted olfactory bulb. The extra-bulbar host regions that were penetrated included the orbital frontal cortex and three olfaction-related areas; olfactory cortex, olfactory peduncle and the subependymal cell layer. The olfactory nerve penetration patterns observed beyond the transplant were essentially the same as those observed in rats with only neonatal lesions of the olfactory bulb. Thus, multiple pathways may have contributed to the recovery observed in the rats with olfactory bulb transplants.
Consequences of Long-Term Cyclic Indentation on Initially Intact Cartilage

It has long been suggested that articular cartilage is susceptible to damage by repetitive mechanical loading (1–4); however, the exact mechanisms via which the damage is induced is not yet well-understood. As a step towards deeper understanding of damage, this work sought to address two main goals: (i) to investigate the consequences of subjecting initially intact cartilage to repeated long-term small-amplitude indentation loading that does not induce any observable damage over a short term; and (ii) to establish a 1-D nonlinear rheological model to capture the indentation response of the tissue in its “undamaged” and “damaged” states. Our objective is to use a simple model to provide a framework to interpret the changes in the macroscopic mechanical response in terms of alterations in its constituents properties.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
STRUCTURAL CONDITIONS AND RACIAL HOMICIDE PATTERNS: A LOOK AT THE MULTIPLE DISADVANTAGES IN URBAN AREAS*

This research examines the differential effects of structural conditions on race-specific victim and offender homicide rates in large US. cities in 1990. While structural theories of race relations and criminological explanations are reviewed, particular attention is given to those structural theories that highlight racial competition, economic and labor market opportunity, and racial segregation as essential for an examination of racially disaggregated homicide offending. The effects of these and other structural conditions are estimated for four racially distinct homicide offending models-black intraracial, white intraracial, black interracial, and white interracial homicides. The results suggest that the structural conditions that lead to race-specific victim and offender homicide rates differ significantly among the four models. Economic deprivation and local opportunity structures are found to influence significantly the rates of intraracial homicide offending, while racial inequality contributes solely to black interracial homicide rates. In addition, our findings indicate that blacks and whites face different economic and social realities related to economic deprivation and social isolation. The differential impact of these structural conditions and other labor market factors are discussed. Criminologists long have studied the question of what differences exist between blacks and whites in their involvement in homicide. Recently, researchers have provided some answers to this question when examining separate black and white homicide offending models (Harer and Steffensmeier, 1992: Messner and Golden, 1992; Messner and Sampson, 1991; Parker and McCall, 1997; Peterson and Krivo, 1993; Sampson, 1985; Shihadeh and Flynn, 1996). Key to these studies is the finding that some *For their informative and insightful suggestions we thank Kenneth C. Land, Donald Tomaskovic-Devey, and Gary D. Hill. The authors would also like to acknowledge the anonymous reviewers and editor of Criminology, who provided valuable comments to this research endeavor.
Unclogging the bogus pipeline: A critical reanalysis of the Cherry, Byrne, and Mitchell study

Abstract The assignment of subjects to conditions on the basis of social desirability scores could not have been done in the manner described by Cherry, Byrne, and Mitchell ( Journal of Research in Personality , 1976 , 10 , 69–75). Even if subject assignment procedures were not challenged the data do not support the authors' conclusions. Additional statistical analyses were carried out to test the hypotheses of the original study. It is concluded that either the demand cue manipulation was not successful or else paper-and-pencil and bogus pipeline measurement procedures are equally reliable measurement devices for the attitude similarity effect.
Protonation of (μ-H)3Ru3(μ3-CR)(CO)9. Evidence for the formation of an agostic metalhydrogencarbon bond

Abstract Protonation of (μ-H)3M3(μ3-CR)(CO)9 (M = Ru, R = Et or M = Os, R = Me) by dissolution in HSO3CF3 yields H3M3(HCR)(CO)9+, containing a MHC bridge. The products were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Decompositions of other protonated methylidyne clusters from CH3R and a variety of metal-containing products.
Analytical Nonlinear Propagation of Uncertainty in the Two-Body Problem

One topic of recent interest in the field of space situational awareness is the accurate and consistent representation of an observed object’s uncertainty under nonlinear dynamics. This paper presents amethod of analytical nonlinear propagation of uncertainty under two-bodydynamics. In particular, the probability density function over state space and itsmean and covariancematrix are expressed analytically for all time via a special solution of the Fokker-Planck equations for deterministic Hamiltonian systems. The state transition tensor concept is used to express the solution flow of the dynamics. Some numerical examples, where a second-order state transition tensor is found to sufficiently capture the nonlinear effects, are also discussed.
Prognostic implications of patterns of failure for gastrointestinal leiomyosarcomas.

One hundred ninety-one patients with gastrointestinal leiomyosarcomas were analyzed to determine the prevalence in patterns of failure and the factors predicting those at higher risk of relapse at specific sites. Of 100 assessable patients who died of disease, 89% were found to have peritoneal tumor, 78% had liver metastases, and 32% had extraabdominal metastases. Of 132 patients (69%) with initial complete resection of the primary tumor, only 10% (n = 13) remained free of disease as of the last follow-up. The median interval to recurrence was 18 months; 60% of all recurrences occurred within 2 years after surgery. Half of these patients (n = 61) had metastases (predominantly in the liver) as the initial recurrence. Factors significantly associated with improved survival after relapse were initial disease-free interval of 18 months or more, recurrences either isolated to the peritoneal cavity or within the liver, or complete resection of peritoneal recurrences or liver metastases. In contrast, those patients with recurrences at multiple sites or unresectable disease had significantly shorter survival times. The presence of extraabdominal metastases also heralded an equally poor outcome. In conclusion, a multi-modality approach is necessary to improve outcome from this disease because the liver and peritoneal cavity represent predominant sites of failure. Complete resection of isolated peritoneal or hepatic metastases improves survival and should be attempted when feasible. Cancer 1992; 69:1334-1341.
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Cytokine, THANK, aTNF Homologue That ActivatesApoptosis, Nuclear Factor-κB, and c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase *

Abstract By using the amino acid sequence motif of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), we searched the expressed sequence tag data base and identified a novel full-length cDNA encoding 285 amino acid residues and named it THANK. THANK is a type II transmembrane protein with 15–20% overall amino acid sequence homology to TNF, LT-α, FasL, and LIGHT, all members of the TNF family. The mRNA for THANK was expressed at high levels by peripheral blood leukocytes, lymph node, spleen, and thymus and at low levels by small intestine, pancreas, placenta, and lungs. THANK was also prominently expressed in hematopoietic cell lines. The recombinant purified protein expressed in the baculovirus system had an approximate molecular size 20 kDa with amino-terminal sequence of AVQGP. Treatment of human myeloid U937 cells with purified THANK activated nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) consisting of p50 and p65. Activation was time- and dose-dependent, beginning with as little as a 1 pm amount of the cytokines and as early as 15 min. Under the same conditions, THANK also activated c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) in U937 cells. THANK also strongly suppressed the growth of tumor cell lines and activated caspase-3. Although THANK had all the activities and potency of TNF, it did not bind to the TNF receptors. Thus our results indicate that THANK is a novel cytokine that belongs to the TNF family and activates apoptosis, NF-κB, and JNK through a distinct receptor.
Liberalism, Religion And Integrity

It is a commonplace that liberalism and religious belief conflict. Liberalism, its proponents and critics maintain, requires the privatization of religious belief, since liberals often argue that citizens of faith must repress their fundamental commitments when participating in public life. Critics of liberalism complain that privatization is objectionable because it requires citizens of faith to violate their integrity. The liberal political tradition has always sought to carve out social space for individuals to live by their own lights. If liberalism requires citizens to violate their integrity, liberals have cause for concern. I seek to rebut this integrity objection to liberalism. I focus on the dominant form of philosophical liberalism: public reason liberalism. I argue that the integrity objection undermines the mainstream conception of public reason liberalism, but not public reason liberalism itself. The paper opens by outlining the structure of public reason liberalism and the integrity objectio...
Evolutionary Genomics of Lactic Acid Bacteria

The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) might be the most numerous group of bacteria linked to humans. They are naturally associated with mucosal surfaces, particularly the gastrointestinal tract, and are also indigenous to food-related habitats, including plant (fruits, vegetables, and cereal grains), wine
Marriage in Whose America? What the Suffocation Model Misses

In the target article, Finkel, Hui, Carswell, and Larson suggest that Americans today are turning to their marriages to fulfill their needs for esteem and self-actualization much more than in the p...
Adaptations of Glucose and Long-Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism in Liver of Dairy Cows during the Periparturient Period

Tremendous metabolic and endocrine adjustments must be made as dairy cows move from late gestation to early lactation. Requirements for glucose and metabolizable energy increase two- to threefold from 21 d before to 21 d after parturition. The liver must adapt quickly to provide the increased glucose needed to support high milk production, and to process the flood of nonesterified fatty acids taken up from extensive mobilization of adipose triglycerides. While the end results of these adaptations are well known, much less is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning hepatic adaptation to lactation. Increases in metabolic activity per gram of liver tissue, not just increased liver mass, are responsible for increased metabolism. Compared with activities present at 21 d before parturition, the capacity of liver tissue isolated at 1 d postpartum to convert alanine (an important glucogenic amino acid) to glucose increases more on a percentage basis than does gluconeogenic capacity from propionate. Likewise, hepatic abundance of mRNA for pyruvate carboxylase increases around calving, whereas mRNA for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase does not. These changes in gluconeogenic enzymes suggest that amino acids from body and feed protein may be critically important sources of glucose for peripartal cows. Hepatic tissue from cows 1 d postpartum has greater rates of palmitate esterification, total and peroxisomal beta-oxidation of palmitate, and activity of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase than hepatic tissue from the same cows 21 d prepartum. Prepartal nutrition has been shown to modulate some of these metabolic adaptations in the liver. Effects of hormones and cytokines that mediate adaptive responses to environmental and infectious stressors (or the lack of “cow comfort”) have not been investigated. Techniques of modern biochemistry promise to further our understanding of the mechanisms of metabolic adaptation during the peripartal period, and to quantify the effects of nutrition and environment during pre- and postpartum periods on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism.
Peculiar distribution of the Diego factor among the Warrau.

THE Warrau are a tribe of South American Indians occupying the Orinoco delta and the adjacent swampy regions of the coast of British Guiana. They have been living in this region since prehistoric times. Being a group of about 9,000 people with a culture fundamentally marginal, they belong to the earliest inhabitants as yet traceable in South America1.
Correlation between general factors for personality and cognitive skills in the National Merit twin sample

Abstract General factors of personality (based on the California Psychological Inventory) and cognitive skill (the National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test selection score) were correlated .284 in a sample of 490 monozygotic and 317 dizygotic twin pairs. The correlation was partitioned into genetic, and shared and unshared environmental sources: approximately 39%, 50% and 11%, respectively. The results offered some support to a theory that such a correlation may reflect evolutionary trends, although questions remained about the role of nonadditive genetic variance and the nature of the selection involved.
Combined functional task practice and dynamic high intensity resistance training promotes recovery of upper-extremity motor function in post-stroke hemiparesis: a case study.

Background and purpose Weakness is a significant impairment in persons with post-stroke hemiparesis, yet traditional clinical perspectives caution against strengthening in neurological populations. Significant correlations between weakness and functional movement have been demonstrated, however, a clear relationship between increased strength and functional improvement has been elusive. This case study describes a combined program of dynamic, high-intensity resistance training and functional task practice for the upper-extremity in adult hemiparesis. Case description The patient was a 65-year-old, right hand dominant woman who presented to the Neural Control of Movement Laboratory at the Palo Alto VA Rehabilitation Research and Development Center 16 weeks following clipping of an unruptured aneurysm with consequent dense right hemiparesis. She received 7 weeks of acute rehabilitation according to CARF guidelines (ie, at least 3 hours of two or more disciplines, 6 days per week). Her baseline research evaluation revealed significant upperextremity deficits at the ICF body structure/function level including: weakness, shoulder pain, mild resistance to passive movement, and need for moderate to maximal assistance in many activities of daily living including bathing and dressing. The Stroke Impact Scale score reporting her perspective indicated she had recovered from her stroke only 50%. The hybrid resistance training-functional task practice intervention, detailed in this report, was delivered 3 times per week for 6 weeks with each session lasting 75:00. Outcomes The subject revealed marked improvements in isometric and dynamic force production in 5 key upper-extremity actions: elbow flexion, elbow extension, shoulder flexion, shoulder abduction, and shoulder external rotation. Strength gains were accompanied by increased EMG activation immediately postintervention and by a combination of increased activation and apparent hypertrophic effects at 6 month follow up. Marked improvements were noted in all clinical and functional measures and in an elbow trajectorytracking task which served as a surrogate measure of motor control. Discussion Improvements in strength and positive outcome effects at the physiological, clinical, and functional levels were observed in this subject following the experimental hybrid upper-extremity rehabilitation intervention described. Importantly, no deleterious effects were observed including exacerbation of spasticity or musculoskeletal compromise. Observations of improved EMG activation in this case study suggest that improvements in motor activation underlie these strength gains and can likely be attributed to working at a high intensity level.
Coded aperture x-ray scatter tomography

We present a system for X-ray tomography using a coded aperture. A fan beam illuminates a 2D cross-section of an object and our coded aperture system produces a tomographic image from each static snapshot; as such, we can reconstruct either a static object scanned in 3D or an x-ray video of a non-static object.
Damage resistance of single lap adhesive composite joints by transverse ice impact

Abstract This paper focuses specifically on the high velocity transverse impact of composite joints by hailstones. Impact tests with ice spheres onto composite lap joint specimens were conducted to determine the failure threshold energy describing damage initiation, and to investigate the modes of damage. The damage areas imaged by ultrasonic scanning were quantitatively measured and the specimens were also sectioned and observed with optical microscopy to determine the exact location of damage. The damage area versus impact kinetic energy was found to increase dramatically for impacts beyond the failure threshold. Delamination of the composite originated at the bond overlap termination facing away from the impact side. The damage usually occurred at specific ply locations and a transition of the delamination to other ply locations was also observed. Numerical simulation of the impact was conducted and the results show that the plies where delaminations were observed to occur have the highest peel and shear stresses.
On the evolution of laminar vortex rings

Using Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) and Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV), the physical properties of laminar vortex rings are investigated in the Reynolds-number range 830 ≤ Re ≤ 1650. The measured initial circulations of the vortex rings are found to agree well with corrected versions of the vorticity-flux (slug-flow) model proposed by Didden and Pullin. The DPIV and LDA data show excellent agreement regarding local velocities and vortex-ring circulations. The DPIV data depict the distribution of the vorticity and circulation in the core regions, where the resulting vorticity distributions are found to be self-similar Gaussian profiles. The propagation velocity of the vortex rings is well approximated by an analytical model of Saffman for large core sizes. In the asymptotic limit t → ∞, the trajectories are in excellent agreement with the exact Stokes-dipole solution of Cantwell and Rott.
An endoscopic approach to biliary complications following orthotopic liver transplantation.

: Biliary complications following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In this report, we reviewed our endoscopic experience of managing post OLT biliary complications in 79 patients over a 12-year period. Methods: OLT (n = 423) recipients between 10/86 and 12/98 were obtained from the transplant registry at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. OLT recipient who underwent at least one endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) were identified through a radiology database. Indications, findings and interventions performed were noted for each ERC report. Outpatient and inpatients medical records were reviewed for outcome and complications. Results: Seventy-nine (79/423, 18.7%) patients had at least one ERC for suspected biliary complication. Sixty-four (15.1%) patients had at least one or more biliary complications. The mean follow-up for patients with abnormal ERC was 33.9 months. Nineteen patients had bile leaks; 10 of these patients had leak at the exit site of the T-tube and five patients had at the anastomosis. Biliary stenting with or without endoscopic sphincterotomy led to resolution of bile leak in 16 patients. Three patients failed endoscopic therapy: one underwent surgery and two had percutaneous drainage. Twenty-five patients presented with biliary strictures. Nineteen strictures were at the anastomotic or just proximal to the anastomosis, one at the hilum (ischemic in nature) and three were at the distal, recipient common bile duct; one had strictures at the anastomosis as well as the distal recipient bile duct and another had diffuse intrahepatic strictures. Seventeen patients in the stricture group improved with endoscopic intervention. One patient was re-transplanted (diffuse intrahepatic strictures), but no patient underwent percutaneous drainage. Conclusions: ERC is safe and effective in the diagnosis and management of biliary complications following liver transplantation with choledochocholedochal anastomosis and obviates the need for surgical or percutaneous transhepatic approaches in majority of cases.
Radioactivity in the Ogallala and Dockum Aquifers, northwest Texas, USA

This study investigated distributions of alpha and beta activity in the Ogallala and Dockum Aquifers of northwest Texas, USA. The survey included 319 samples from the Ogallala Aquifer and 48 samples from the Dockum Aquifer. The Ogallala Aquifer produced slightly higher median alpha (7.2 versus 6.1 pCi/L) and beta (7.7 versus 7.0 pCi/L) levels. However, a higher percentage of samples from the Dockum Aquifer exceeded drinking water standards, and the maximum alpha observation from that aquifer was 197 pCi/L, more than 13 times the 15-pCi/L standard. Approximately 4.4% of alpha observations from the Ogallala Aquifer and 16.7% of observations from the Dockum Aquifer exceeded the standard. Fewer observations, 0% from the Ogallala Aquifer and 6.3% from the Dockum Aquifer, exceeded the 50-pCi/L level of concern for beta activity. There were significant positive correlations between alpha and beta activity in each aquifer. However, there were no significant correlations between radioactivity and well depth, other than a weak inverse correlation between beta activity and well depth in the Ogallala Aquifer. Uranium deposits in sandstone and shale of the Dockum Aquifer, and in calcrete and silcrete of the Ogallala Aquifer, and overlying lacustrine sediments, likely influence radioactivity patterns observed in this study.
The Stroop phenomenon and its use in the stlldy of perceptual, cognitive, and response processes

The present review summarizes empirical findings and theoretical views related to the Stroop color-word test. Lyperimental findings were emphasized in contrast to the results of correlational studies, and the bulk of the material was produced since the 1966 review of Jensen and Rohwer. One purpose of the review was to illustrate use of the Stroop paradigm as a too! for the stud)' of other psychological processes. The incompleteness, and in some cases the mappropnateness, of existing explanatisons of the Stroop phenomenon also were discussed. nt]mis|The author is grateful to E. C. Dalrymple-Alford. George S. Harker, and Anne Treisman for their comments on an earlier draft of the paper.
The dimension of the kernel in finite and infinite intersections of starshaped sets

We establish the following Helly-type result for infinite families of starshaped sets in $$ \mathbb{R}^2: $$ Define the function f on {1, 2} by f(1) = 4, f(2) = 3. Let $$ \epsilon $$ be a fixed positive number, and let $$ \mathcal K $$ be a uniformly bounded family of compact sets in the plane. For k = 1, 2, if every f(k) (not necessarily distinct) members of $$ \mathcal K $$ intersect in a starshaped set whose kernel contains a k-dimensional neighborhood of radius $$ \epsilon $$ , then $$ \cap\{K : K \, \textrm{in} \, \mathcal K\} $$ is a starshaped set whose kernel is at least k-dimensional. The number f(k) is best in each case. In addition, we present a few results concerning the dimension of the kernel in an intersection of starshaped sets in $$ \mathbb{R}^{d}, d \geq 2. $$ Some of these involve finite families of sets, while others involve infinite families and make use of the Hausdorff metric.
Evidence for a radical mechanism of halogenation of monochlorodimedone catalyzed by chloroperoxidase

Abstract A radical species of monochlorodimedone has been characterized by its high reactivity with molecular O2. Horseradish peroxidase greatly accelerated O2 uptake by acidic solutions of this substrate; the enzymatic reaction required exogenous H2O2 only with freshly prepared substrate solutions, and the total substrate oxidized was equal to the sum of H2O2 added and O2 consumed. However, with excess Br− and horseradish peroxidase, or high Br− or Cl− and chloroperoxidase, a 1:1 stoichiometry between H2O2 and the substrate was observed. In the absence of halide, the stoichiometry of the chloroperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of monochlorodimedone changed to two molecules of the organic donor per H2O2. Moreover, in the absence of halide, at substrate:H2O2 ratios greater than 2.0, chloroperoxidase catalyzed significant O2 uptake; this enzyme-dependent autoxidation of monochlorodimedone also occurred in the presence of Cl− or Br−, when H2O2 was limiting. These data, and recent evidence from this laboratory for free hypohalous acid as the first product of chloroperoxidase-catalyzed halide oxidation [ B. W. Griffin (1983) , Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 116, 873–879], strongly support a mixed enzymatic/nonenzymatic radical chain process as the mechanism for halogenation of monochlorodimedone by chloroperoxidase. Both horseradish peroxidase and chloroperoxidase can catalyze either bromination or oxidation of this substrate, depending on the experimental conditions. Implications of these results for the mechanism of HOCl formation catalyzed by chloroperoxidase are considered.
Intrauterine air embolism associated with a rectovaginal fistula in a pregnant woman.

Background Previous case reports have reported maternal and fetal mortality in pregnancies complicated by air emboli induced by various mechanisms. Case A 33-year-old multiparous woman with a known rectovaginal fistula presented with symptoms of placental abruption. She subsequently was found to have a large intrauterine air embolus. The patient was treated successfully to term by continuously draining the vaginal air with a Malecot catheter. Conclusion We describe a rare case of an intrauterine air embolism during pregnancy caused by a rectovaginal fistula. Prompt recognition of air within the uterine myometrium and subchorionic space during ultrasonography led to the diagnosis and successful treatment of a potentially fatal complication by using an intravaginal Malecot catheter to release the trapped air.
Surface and interface effects in the growth of giant magnetoresistance spin valves for ultrahigh-density data-storage applications

Abstract The current generation of hard-disk drives use giant magnetoresistance (GMR) spin valves as the read-head because the GMR effect is currently the most sensitive way to detect magnetic fields at submicron length scales and data rates of ≈10 8 Hz. At present, hard-disk capacities are doubling approximately every year. To maintain this growth rate, GMR values will have to double approximately every two years. To achieve such GMR values, major progress will have to be made in controlling surface and interface effects in the growth of GMR spin valves.
Deep subwavelength surface modes in metal–dielectric metamaterials

We present what we believe to be the first study of deep subwavelength surface modes in binary metal–dielectric metamaterials. By employing anomalous coupling in binary periodicity, peculiar properties of band structure and eigenmode symmetry are obtained. We show that strongly confined plasmonic Tamm-like and Shockley-like surface modes can be formed at the termination of the array. We clarify the character of each surface mode and analyze its unique symmetry with the corresponding band structure.
Charles Burnett's To Sleep With Anger: An Anthropological Perspective

Dans son film To Sleep With Anger, Charles Burnett explore le concept universel de la lutte entre tradition et modernite. Ce qui rend ce film particulierement interessant, c'est qu'il decline ce concept dans les termes de la culture afro-americaine, un point de vue peu courant dans la production cinematographique americaine. L'A. explore les elements de culture afro-americaine reveles dans le film, que Burnett utilise afin d'exprimer la lutte entre la tradition du Sud rural et les pratiques modernes du present urbain, et afin de decrire une reconciliation des deux. L'analyse des expressions culturelles du film montre notamment que les differents traits culturels mis en scene peuvent etre explique par l'une des trois plus importantes theories anthropologiques sur les racines de la culture afro-americaine : la rupture totale avec l'Afrique ; le maintien de traits culturels visibles ; le maintien de principes culturels plus fondamentaux.
On timing properties of LYSO-based calorimeters

We present test beam studies and results on the timing performance and characterization of the time resolution of Lutetium–Yttrium Orthosilicate (LYSO)-based calorimeters. We demonstrate that a time resolution of 30 ps is achievable for a particular design. Furthermore, we discuss precision timing calorimetry as a tool for the mitigation of physics object performance degradation effects due to the large number of simultaneous interactions in the high luminosity environment foreseen at the Large Hadron Collider.
The Case For Mobile Missiles

The logic of nuclear deterrence suggests that the most important criteria for strategic force structuring are enhanced survivability potential and retaliation reliability. This paper argues that (1) the survivability potential of land-based ICBMs may be enhanced through deployment of mobile missiles, specifically the single-warhead Midgetman missile on hard mobile launchers; (2) deployment of Midgetman will increase crisis and arms race stability and should be assessed within this context, not on the narrow criterion of cost-effectiveness; and (3) the pace of technological innovations in weapons technology suggests that (given tactical warning) the Midgetman mobile missile is superior to the rail garrison MX, providing for both enhanced survivability and retaliatory reliability.
The sorption of water by nylons

The sorption isotherms of annealed films of nylons 66 and 610 at 23°C. are well described by the Flory-Huggins equation at all humidities. The partial specific volume of water varies from 0.46 cc./g. at 0% R.H. to more than 1.0 cc./g. at 100% R.H. The experimental partial molar heats of sorption are in good agreement with values calculated from the theory, provided allowance is made for the changes in volume on mixing.
Long-term functional results for the surgical management of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome.

Objective: To document long-term functional outcomes in patients treated for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS). Methods: Records of all patients undergoing treatment for NTOS at our center were reviewed. Patient demographics and co-morbidities were recorded. End-points included symptomatic relief, peri-operative adjunctive procedures, functional outcome and employment continuity. Results: From 1988-2008, 26 patients were operated upon for NTOS. Hallmarks of the diagnosis in operated patients included symptom duration less than 1 year and a positive Roos test. Patients receiving disability and those with cervical spine pathology or carpal tunnel syndrome were not considered for surgery. Mean patient age was 39.2 years (range 14-60 years) with a mean follow-up of 104.4 months. Eleven patients (42.3%) engaged in pre-operative physical therapy programs. 7 of 9 patients (26.9%) received adjunctive peri-procedural scalene block with temporary symptom relief. All patients underwent thoracic outlet decom...
Measurements and modeling of Reynolds stress and turbulence production in a swirl-supported, direct-injection diesel engine

Measured and numerically predicted components of the mean rate-of-strain tensor 〈Sij〉 and the Reynolds stress 〈u′ru′θ〉 are examined and compared to elucidate the source and scrutinize the modeling of late-cycle turbulence production in swirl-supported, direct-injection diesel engines. The experiments are performed with combustion in the engine inhibited, to eliminate the complicating influence of heat release on turbulence generation and to reduce the problem to one more closely approximating constant-density turbulence. Both the measurements and the calculations indicate that the primary influence of the mean flow swirl on turbulence production is confined to two separate periods: (1) shortly after the end of injection and (2) in the late-cycle period, when large positive levels of 〈u′r,u′θ〉 are observed. Formation of the positive Reynolds stress coincides with the development of a negative radial gradient in mean angular momentum, indicating an unstable mean flow field. At this time, the measured velocity fluctuations show a large increase, approximately doubling in magnitude compared to fluctuations measured without fuel injection. Predicted velocity fluctuations, obtained via k-e turbulence modeling, show a similar late-cycle increase, although the magnitude of the increase is not quantitatively captured. To evaluate its applicability during the period in which the unstable, negative radial gradient in angular momentum is present, the isotropic eddy viscosity hypothesis is examined. The Reynolds stress estimated from the measured 〈Srθ〉 using the eddy viscosity hypothesis is found to mimic the measured stress with reasonable accuracy, and the measured and calculated r-θ plane turbulence production terms are shown to have excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement. The quantitative agreement, however, appears largely providential, as the measured and predicted values of 〈Srθ〉 differ by a factor of 2. This discrepancy is compensated for by the underpredicted turbulent kinetic energy and seemingly high values of the dissipation.
Mechanisms of single-stranded phosphorothioate modified antisense oligonucleotide accumulation in hepatocytes

Single-stranded antisense oligonucleotides (SSOs) are used to modulate the expression of genes in animal models and are being investigated as potential therapeutics. To better understand why synthetic SSOs accumulate in the same intracellular location as the target RNA, we have isolated a novel mouse hepatocellular SV40 large T-antigen carcinoma cell line, MHT that maintains the ability to efficiently take up SSOs over several years in culture. Sequence-specific antisense effects are demonstrated at low nanomolar concentrations. SSO accumulation into cells is both time and concentration dependent. At least two distinct cellular pathways are responsible for SSO accumulation in cells: a non-productive pathway resulting in accumulation in lysosomes, and a functional uptake pathway in which the SSO gains access to the targeted RNA. We demonstrate that functional uptake, as defined by a sequence-specific reduction in target mRNA, is inhibited by brefeldin A and chloroquine. Functional uptake is blocked by siRNA inhibitors of the adaptor protein AP2M1, but not by clathrin or caveolin. Furthermore, we document that treatment of mice with an AP2M1 siRNA blocks functional uptake into liver tissue. Functional uptake of SSO appears to be mediated by a novel clathrin- and caveolin-independent endocytotic process.
Multi-location wideband synthetic aperture imaging for urban sensing applications ☆

The presence of significant multipath propagation and heavy clutter in indoor environments imposes severe limitations on imaging through walls, rendering through-the-wall radar imaging a difficult and complex proposition. It is highly desirable to properly interpret the radar images and determine the contents of the indoor scene with a high level of confidence. Data collected from multiple vantage points around a structure can be used to improve imaging visibility into the indoor scene, which, in turn, enhances indoor target detection and localization. In this paper, we consider multi-location radar imaging. Image fusion techniques for combining synthetic aperture radar images acquired from multiple locations along two sides of an enclosed structure are presented. Supporting results, based on real-data collected in a semi-controlled laboratory environment, are provided which demonstrate the improved performance of the multiple location scheme compared to operation from a single vantage point.
Electronic Health Record-Based Patient Identification and Individualized Mailed Outreach for Primary Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Cluster Randomized Trial

BACKGROUND Many individuals at higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) do not receive recommended treatments. Prior interventions using personalized risk information to promote prevention did not test clinic-wide effectiveness.
Noncanonical Roles of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels

The Hodgkin-Huxley formulation, at its 60th anniversary, remains a bastion of neuroscience. Sodium channels Nav1.1-Nav1.3 and Nav1.6-Nav1.9 support electrogenesis in neurons and are often considered "neuronal," whereas Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 drive electrogenesis in skeletal and cardiac muscle. These channels are, however, expressed in cell types that are not considered electrically excitable. Here, we discuss sodium channel expression in diverse nonexcitable cell types, including astrocytes, NG2 cells, microglia, macrophages, and cancer cells, and review evidence of noncanonical roles, including regulation of effector functions such as phagocytosis, motility, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity, and metastatic activity. Armed with powerful techniques for monitoring channel activity and for real-time assessment of [Na(+)]i and [Ca(2+)]i, neuroscientists are poised to expand the understanding of noncanonical roles of sodium channels in healthy and diseased tissues.
Central adaptation to chronic administration of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in rats

Abstract Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a cytokine, has been shown to induce a number of central and neuroendocrine effects. Prolonged treatment with IL-1β is associated with adaptive responses in feeding, body temperature and hormone profiles. The purpose of the present study was to see if these effects are accompanied by changes in hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) and to compare it with the acute effects of IL-1β. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were treated (i.p.) with 5 μg of IL-1β once (acute) or daily for 5 consequent days (chronic). The control animals received an injection of the vehicle for IL-1β (0.1% PBS–BSA). Body weight, food intake, and rectal temperature were monitored daily. At the end of treatment, the animals were sacrificed, and specific areas of the hypothalamus were microdissected and analyzed for NE concentrations. Corticosterone levels were measured in the serum. Both acute and chronic IL-1β treatment produced significant changes in a number of parameters. However, there were marked differences between the two treatment regimens. While acute treatment with IL-1β increased NE concentrations in both the paraventricular nucleus and the median eminence (ME), chronic treatment increased NE concentrations only in the ME. A corresponding increase in serum corticosterone levels was observed with acute IL treatment. Chronic treatment with IL-1β decreased body weight, and produced an initial decrease in food intake which returned to control levels by the fourth day of treatment. Chronic IL treatment also produced an initial increase in body temperature that returned to control levels by day 4. These results indicate that the effects of IL-1β on central and neuroendocrine functions are dependent on the duration of the treatment and that the adaptive responses observed in feeding and body temperature after chronic IL treatment are accompanied by similar responses in brain NE.
Nucleation Control of Size and Dispersity in Aggregative Nanoparticle Growth. A Study of the Coarsening Kinetics of Thiolate-Capped Gold Nanocrystals

The thermal coarsening (180 °C) of decanethiolate-capped Au nanocrystals is studied at various tetraoctylammonium bromide concentrations. The coarsening kinetics are determined by measuring nanocrystal size distributions (CSDs) as a function of time. The results are shown to be consistent with aggregative nucleation and growth. For each kinetic trial, the time dependence of the aggregative nucleation rate is extracted from the early time CSDs and fitted by a Gaussian profile. The height of the profile is the maximum nucleation rate, Γmax, and the 2σ width is the time window for nucleation, Δtn. These nucleation parameters are shown to control the final mean size and size distribution of the coarsened nanocrystals. The coarsening kinetics are influenced by tetraoctylammonium bromide concentration because the nanocrystals are partially electrostatically stabilized.
Troglitazone amplifies counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in nondiabetic subjects.

As insulin sensitizers, thiazolidinediones could affect the hormonal counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia via the modulatory effect of insulin on counterregulation. In addition, recent studies suggest that thiazolidinediones may influence key steps in glucose sensing and glucoregulatory hormone secretion. We therefore evaluated the effects of a short course of troglitazone on counterregulatory hormones in response to mild hypoglycemia in eight lean nondiabetic subjects. Subjects received either troglitazone (400 mg/day) or placebo for 7 days before stepped hypoglycemia clamp studies (5.0, 4.4, 3.9, and 3.3 mmol/L target plasma glucose steps, 50 min each). The glycemic thresholds for secretion of epinephrine (3.77 ± 0.05 mmol/L) and glucagon (3.83 ± 0.11 mmol/L) were reset to a higher plasma glucose concentration after troglitazone [4.05 ± 0.05 mmol/L (P = 0.003) and 4.10 ± 0.05 mmol/L (P = 0.03), respectively]. In addition, the magnitude of the rise in epinephrine and glucagon concentrations was hig...
Intractable headache: aseptic meningitis and sphenoidal sinusitis

Sphenoid sinusitis, an uncommon cause of headache, is associated with significant morbidity. A 30-year-old man presented with a progressive intractable headache and aseptic meningitis. Failure to recognize sphenoid disease on brain CT delayed diagnosis; treatment with IV antibiotics resolved the disorder.
Thymidine kinase: the future in breast cancer prognosis

Abstract The ability to precisely describe tumour aggressiveness in human breast cancer is inadequate. Current prognostic indicators, although useful, cannot accurately predict tumour behavior. As a result, multivariate analyses are required to obtain any significant value from a wide rangeastic indicators. Prognostic indications are generally determined from the primary tumour, but real prognostic value is dependent upon the activity of potentially metastatic lesions. We present in this paper evidence for the use of thymidine kinase, an enzyme indicative of cellular proliferation, as a tumour marker with individual prognostic value. It has been previously established that thymidine kinase levels in both tumours and sera of patients with breast cancer have been shown in clinical studies to be positively correlated with tumour stage. The monitoring of serial serum samples has also proven to be of prognostic value in predicting response to therapy. Measurements of thymidine kinase levels in primary tumours have demonstrated utility as a predictor of tumour recurrence. We propose that the development of a more accurate method of measuring thymidine kinase activity may aid significantly in the management of breast cancer, while eliminating the current detection problems of radio-labeling assay systems. This can be done by the inclusion of an immunologically based detection system.
Cartobibliographic instruction : Another path in the library instruction program

This paper encourages the inclusion of cartobibliographic instruction as another path in the library instruction program. Cartographic resources including maps, globes, charts, gazetteers, and atlases are too often overlooked in such programs. Bibliographic access to, and problems associated with the use of cartographic sources, and general geographical concepts are discussed. This paper also highlights the abundance of these sources across the curriculum with special emphasis on the humanities, social sciences, and health sciences.
Learning of a single alternation concept under conditions of cortical spreading depression in rats

Abstract Sixteen rats were trained on a light-dark cued single alternation active avoidance task. Eight animals were trained under conditions of cortical spreading depression (CSD) and eight as operated controls. All animals reached criterion but animals trained CSD required significanlty more trials. Animals trained CSD showed fewer correct alternations on the first 10 trials of the last testing day but were indistinguishable in performance on the following 30 trials. However CSD animals showed continuing performance deficits in active avoidance. When operated controls were tested under conditions of CSD they had significantly greater performance deficits than CSD trained animals tested without elicitation of CSD. The results seem to reflect motoric and general metabolic effects of CSD rather than cognitive deficits or simple stimulus change effects.
Videos in clinical medicine. Umbilical vascular catheterization.

Placement of umbilical catheters is an important skill for the treatment of critically ill neonates. Catheters can provide vascular access for resuscitation, monitoring, fluid administration, blood...