cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microfibrous entrapped small particle adsorbents for high efficiency heterogeneous contacting

Abstract Hexane adsorption breakthrough tests on activated carbon particles (ACP) were used to demonstrate and understand the anomalous high efficiency of novel microstructured heterogeneous contacting systems: Microfibrous Entrapped Sorbents (MFES). MFES consist of small particles (0.05–0.30 mm) of adsorbent entrapped in micron-diameter fibers. They are characterized by small structural dimensions and uniform structures of high voidages. These materials are in the form of flexible sheets about 0.5–2.0 mm thick and can be conveniently stacked to create a required bed height. Experimental breakthrough curves were obtained from packed beds of various particle sizes (0.15–0.84 mm) and bed dilutions (with inerts) and microfibrous entrapped carbon particles (0.18–0.25 mm) of various void fractions (62.5–85%). The performance of the various bed configurations was evaluated based on their breakthrough times and percentage adsorbent utilizations. The rate of adsorption and hence the performance of packed beds improved with a decrease in particle size and also with an increase in bed dilution level. MFES clearly outperformed packed beds of similar particle size. A mathematical model accounting for axial molecular diffusion and intrabed flow maldistribution (or channeling) was used to explain these experimental results. In accordance with literature findings, the negative effect of the axial dispersion due to flow maldistributions on the transport rates in packed beds were evident in low Re regime ( Re
The Influence of DNA Structure on the in Vitro Stimulation of Murine Lymphocytes by Natural and Synthetic Polynucleotide Antigens

Abstract Although DNA is generally considered to be a poor immunogen, recent evidence suggests that DNA from various species differ in their immunological activity and that bacterial DNA can induce the in vitro proliferation of normal murine B cells. To delineate structural features of DNA associated with mitogenic activity, the response of murine lymphocytes to various natural and synthetic polynucleotides was determined. Both ss and dsDNA from two different bacterial strains were equally effective in inducing proliferation. This response was independent of adenosine methylation, since DNA from dam Escherichia coli stimulated proliferation. Among the synthetic polymers tested, only the duplexes poly(dG) - poly(dC), poly(dG·dC) were mitogenic, while polymers containing dA, dT, or dI alone or in combination with dG and dC were inactive. The mitogenic activity of poly(dG·dC) was eliminated, however, upon substitution of rG for dG or 5 medC for dC. The mitogenic activity did not require high molecular weight DNA since active polymers ranged in size from approximately 260 to 800 base pairs. In addition, E coli DNA fragments of 50-300 and 125-600 bases were mitogenic. Together, these data suggest that the mitogenic activity of DNA is dependent on sequence-specific determinants that can be presented by synthetic DNA duplexes as well as bacterial ss and dsDNA.
Drainage - tillage effects on crosby-kokomo soil association in Ohio II. Soil temperature regime and infiltrability

Abstract Effects of subsurface drainage on soil temperature regime and water infiltrability were evaluated for four tillage methods: ridge till, permanent beds, conventional tillage and no-till. Soils of the experimental site near Columbus, Ohio belong to the Crosby-Kokomo Association, and are classified as fine, mixed, mesic, Aeric Ochraqualf and fine, mixed, mesic, Typic Argiaquall, respectively. The mean daily maximum soil temperature, measured in early spring, was highest on top of the undrained ridges. The mean daily maximum soil temperature was significantly higher at a distance 27 m away from the drain than in the vicinity of the drainline. Ridge-tillage and raised beds farther away from the drain had higher maximum temperature than plow-till or no-till methods of seedbed preparation. The minimum soil temperature was not affected by drainage. Infiltrability, measured in terms of accumulative infiltration; infiltration rate; sorptivity and transmissivity was significantly affected by tillage but not by drainage. The least value of these infiltration parameters was observed for the conventional plow-till system.
Durkheim's Cult of the Individual as Civil Religion: its Appropriation by Erving Goffman

The purpose of this article is to provide a systematic analysis of the place of Durkheim's “cult of the individual” in Erving Goffman's sociology.1 I have reviewed the most pertinent aspects of Durkheim's sociology of religion. This article discusses and/or analyzes the development of the cult of the individual primarily within the context of Durkheim's (1951) monograph on suicide; Durkheim's notions of sacred, profane, and ritual; Goffman's two‐pronged intellectual heritage; and Goffman's “Communication Conduct in an Island Community” (1953) with respect to several key Durkheimian concepts. Also discussed are several important secondary analyses—primarily those of Jurgen Habermas and Stanford Lyman—which help to further delineate the conditions of the Durkheim‐Goffman link. The final section applies Goffman's sociology to the case of Evangelicalism and “political civility.”
Dynamical characteristics of an optically injected semiconductor laser

The dependence of the dynamical characteristics of an optically injected semiconductor laser on its intrinsic and operational parameters are studied. The effect of the nonlinear gain is to suppress the instability of the system. The differential gain effect makes the system be easily driven into instability by an externally injected field. Variations in the spontaneous carrier relaxation rate are found to have little effect on the dynamics of the system. The linewidth enhancement factor is observed to strongly affect the dynamical behavior of the system. A large linewidth enhancement factor leads to rich nonlinear dynamics of the system. The influence of the injection current on the dynamics of the system is indirect through the differential gain effect and the nonlinear gain effect. The balance of the competition between these two effects determines the dynamical behavior of the system when the injection current is varied.
Cobble Circles and Standing Stones: Archaeology at the Rivas Site, Costa Rica

Cobble Circles and Standing Stones: Archaeology at the Rivas Site, Costa Rica. Jeffrey Quilter, Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2004. 218 pp.
Dual RNA-seq of parasite and host reveals gene expression dynamics during filarial worm-mosquito interactions.

Background: Parasite biology, by its very nature, cannot be understood without integrating it with that of the host, nor can the host response be adequately explained without considering the activity of the parasite. However, due to experimental limitations, molecular studies of parasite-host systems have been predominantly one-sided investigations focusing on either of the partners involved. Here, we conducted a dual RNA-seq time course analysis of filarial worm parasite and host mosquito to better understand the parasite processes underlying development in and interaction with the host tissue, from the establishment of infection to the development of infective-stage larva. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using the Brugia malayi–Aedes aegypti system, we report parasite gene transcription dynamics, which exhibited a highly ordered developmental program consisting of a series of cyclical and state-transitioning temporal patterns. In addition, we contextualized these parasite data in relation to the concurrent dynamics of the host transcriptome. Comparative analyses using uninfected tissues and different host strains revealed the influence of parasite development on host gene transcription as well as the influence of the host environment on parasite gene transcription. We also critically evaluated the life-cycle transcriptome of B. malayi by comparing developmental stages in the mosquito relative to those in the mammalian host, providing insight into gene expression changes underpinning the mosquito-borne parasitic lifestyle of this heteroxenous parasite. Conclusions/Significance: The data presented herein provide the research community with information to design wet lab experiments and select candidates for future study to more fully dissect the whole set of molecular interactions of both organisms in this mosquito-filarial worm symbiotic relationship. Furthermore, characterization of the transcriptional program over the complete life cycle of the parasite, including stages within the mosquito, could help devise novel targets for control strategies.
A balance between two nuclear localization sequences and a nuclear export sequence governs extradenticle subcellular localization

During animal development, transcription factor activities are modulated by several means, including subcellular localization. The Hox cofactor Extradenticle (Exd) has a dynamic subcellular localization, such that Exd is cytoplasmic by default, but is nuclear when complexed with another homeodomain protein, Homothorax (Hth). These observations raise the question of whether dimerization with Hth simply induces Exd's nuclear localization or, alternatively, if Hth is also necessary for Exd activity. To address this question, we analyzed the nuclear transport signals in Exd, including a divergent nuclear export signal (NES) and two nuclear localization signals (NLSs). We show that, although these signals are weak compared to canonical signals, they balance each other in Exd. We also provide evidence that Exd contains an NLS mask that contributes to its cytoplasmic localization. With these signals characterized, we generated forms of Exd that are nuclear localized in the absence of Hth. Surprisingly, although these Exd forms are functional, they do not phenocopy Hth overexpression. These findings suggest that Hth is required for Exd activity, not simply for inducing its nuclear localization.
The effects of organizational context on quality management: an empirical investigation

While the quality literature abounds with prescriptions for how quality should be managed, no one has proposed an organization-theory explanation for how quality is managed in organizations. This paper proposes a system-structural model of quality management that relates organizational quality context, actual quality management, ideal quality management, and quality performance. The relationships between organizational quality context and actual and ideal quality management are investigated using data collected from 152 managers from 77 business units of 20 manufacturing and service companies. A previously reported instrument is used to measure managers' perceptions of ideal and actual quality management in terms of eight critical factors including product/service design, training, employee relations, and top management leadership. Several measures are used to characterize organizational quality context including company type, company size, degree of competition, and corporate support for quality. The results indicate that organizational quality context influences managers' perceptions of both ideal and actual quality management. This suggests that knowledge of organizational quality context is useful for explaining and predicting quality management practice. Important contextual variables are corporate support for quality, past quality performance, managerial knowledge, and the extent of external quality demands.
Triangulating the extrinsic risk factors for inpatient falls from the fall incident reports and nurse's and patient's perspectives

This study triangulated the extrinsic risk factors for inpatient falls from incident reports and nurse's and patient's perspectives. Similar perspectives were shared on the patient-room-design-associated factors. Patients' concerns focused on their needs not being met in time. Fall prevention should have a priority on addressing patients' needs.
Prosthodontic management of the hydroxylapatite denture patient: A preliminary report

A 4-year study and evaluation of nonresorbable hydroxylapatite to augment different alveolar ridges has been reported. The technique used resulted in improved contour, height, and width of the alveolar ridge. It was found that denture comfort improved with ridge augmentation as this allowed improved stability, support, and preservation of the ridge. Patient satisfaction was correlated to both surgical and prosthodontic success with the use of hydroxylapatite. The state and health of the tissues were found to be improved with the use of hydroxylapatite or hydroxylapatite and bone marrow. The prosthetic and surgical procedures were found to be easier to perform, and they produced more permanent and superior results than those previously experienced with only bone grafts and other alloplasts.
Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth And Characterization Of Lattice Matched And Strained Channel In x Ga 1-X As/In y Al 1-y As Modulation Doped Stuctures On InP

We prepared by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) InGaAs/InAlAs MODFET structures with In compositions of the InGaAs channel ranging from 0.53 (matched) to 0.70 (mismatched). The mismatched InGaAs channel was obtained by grading. The growth temperature for the lattice matched In0.53Ga0.47As layer was fixed at 510°C, while that for the graded InGaAs layer was lowered for the higher In mole fractions. The substrate temperature for the In0.52A10.48As layer varied from 500°C to 550°C, as governed by the device application. The In0.52A10.48As layers grown above 540°C show higher mobilities, little persistent photoconductivity (PPC) effect and lead to better device performance. Layers with a graded InxGa1-xAs channel (x > 0.53) have higher mobilities and carrier concentrations than those with a matched channel (x = 0.53). MODFET devices were fabricated with 1 μm gate lengths. Transconductance improved from 142 to 197 mS/mm on normal structures and from 119 to 170 mS/mm on inverted structures when the In mole fraction of the channel was increased from 53 to 65%.
Beyond a Single Area: Motor Control and Language Within a Neural Architecture Encompassing Broca's Area

In this position paper, we discuss a neural architecture comprising three major cortical systems: the inferior frontal cortex (including Broca's area), the rostral part of the posterior parietal cortex, and the superior temporal cortex. This network of areas is critical to imitation and to language. What are the functional properties of the network that make it possible for imitation and language to co-exist within the same neural architecture? We propose that this network implements cortical forward and inverse modeling for actions and speech sounds of self and others.
Amniotic fluid granulocyte colony stimulating factor levels in chorioamnionitis do not predict neonatal sepsis.

PROBLEM: To assess the usefulness of amniotic fluid (AF) granulocyte colony-stimulating factor levels (G-CSF) in chorioamnionitis (CAM) to predict neonatal sepsis. METHOD OF STUDY: AF samples were obtained from term and preterm patients with (Group I) and without (Group II) CAM and were assayed for G-CSF levels. Patients with other infections were excluded. All AF samples were also tested for gram stain and cultures. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of these parameters for diagnosing neonatal sepsis were assessed. RESULTS: Positive AF cultures were the best predictors of neonatal sepsis in CAM, with a sensitivity of 67% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 80%. Elevated AF G-CSF levels (>1,000 pg/ml) were poor predictors of neonatal sepsis with a sensitivity of 29% and PPV of 39%. CONCLUSION: Even though AF G-CSF levels were markedly elevated in patients with CAM, they were poor predictors of subsequent neonatal sepsis.
Managerial Ethics in Educational Administration: The Rational Choice Approach

"What is referred to as counter-bureaucratic is... a survival mecha nism... a balance weight to... seemingly anti-educational forces. "
Marking Horn Flies with Fluorescent Dyes and Other Materials

Of several techniques tested for marking large numbers (5000–12,500) of Haematobia irritans (L,), the use of 1% solutions of fluorescent dyes sprayed uniformly and rapidly onto chilled flies by a mechanized technique was most satisfactory. In both laboratory and large-screen cage tests, these dyes were retained for more than 2 weeks by nearly all the flies. The most satisfactory colors were Fire Orange® and Are Yellow® followed by Saturn Yellow® and Horizon Blue® because these 4 colors could all be distinguished on the flies. The dyes and technique were used successfully to mark the millions of flies in a horn fly suppression program in Hawaii. Mortality of marked flies did not differ significantly from that of unmarked flies. Fluorescent dusts or pH indicators applied as sprays were not as well retained as the sprayed fluorescent dyes.
Systemic Mast Cell Disease Associated With the Hypereosinophilic Syndrome

Systemic mast cell disease (SMCD) is an uncommon disorder characterized by a proliferation of mast cells involving the bone marrow, spleen, liver, skin, and lymph nodes. Although rare, the association of SMCD and other hematologic disorders is well established. To our knowledge, however, no previously published reports have described SMCD associated with the hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). Herein we describe two patients who had SMCD in association with HES. Both patients had evidence of cardiac eosinophilic involvement, and both responded to systemic therapy. SMCD is often associated with eosinophilia and may be associated with HES more frequently than is commonly appreciated. Because congestive heart failure is a major cause of morbidity in patients with HES, cardiac assessment in patients with eosinophilia and SMCD is important in order to identify those with eosinophilic organ involvement and treat them aggressively.
Frost's STOPPING BY WOODS ON A SNOWY EVENING and OUT, OUT-, and Swift's GULLIVER'S TRAVELS

(2000). Frost's STOPPING BY WOODS ON A SNOWY EVENING and OUT, OUT-, and Swift's GULLIVER'S TRAVELS. The Explicator: Vol. 58, No. 2, pp. 95-97.
Chain dimensions and entanglement spacings in dense macromolecular systems

In this article, we reexamine and extend a relationship proposed earlier between entanglement density and chain dimensions in polymer melts. The power-law equation presented in the earlier work, relating the entanglement molecular weight Me, melt chain density ρ, and the packing length p is tested with additional polymer species. Now included are additional polydienes and their hydrogenated derivatives, the isotactic forms of polypropylene and polystyrene, the essentially syndiotactic form of poly(methyl methacrylate), along with poly(tetrafluoroethylene), poly(vinylmethyl ether), various poly(methacrylates), and polymeric sulfur. We find that within experimental uncertainties, Me/ρ and p are related through an equation (Me/ρ = 218p3) that is insensitive to temperature (25°C ≤ T ≤ 380°C) and which seems to be universal for flexible Gaussian chains in the melt state. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 1023–1033, 1999
Aging and cancer: killing two birds with one worm

Two new studies explore the genetic mechanisms connecting aging and tumor growth in Caenorhabditis elegans. This work should provide a basis to consider ways to prevent and treat age-dependent cancers.
A matched cohort comparison of a criminal justice system's response to child sexual abuse: a profile of perpetrators.

Abstract Objective: This study was undertaken to examine whether alleged child sexual abuse perpetrators are handled differently by the courts than other alleged felony perpetrators. Comparisons were made from the time of prosecutorial case acceptance through prosecution to sentencing, with emphasis on judicial and prosecutorial decision-making and plea-bargaining. Method: Data were retrospectively abstracted on the entire defendant population of cases of sexual abuse of children and adolescents (ages 2–17) over a 5-year period. Using a case-flow analysis, comparisons were made between a child sexual abuse cohort and a cohort of matched felony cases from a single jurisdiction. Results: Three important findings emerged. First, compared to other felons, abuse perpetrators were employed, had been married, were mostly European American, and were older than 30 years of age. Second, in the abuse cohort, as many as 14% had a previous sexual or violent record compared to 2% in the comparison group. Third, similar percentages of perpetrators in both groups were released on their own recognizance, had the charges against them dropped, and were found guilty. As well, no differences between groups were found in the proportion of individuals sentenced to jail, probation, counseling, or work release. Conclusions: Although the treatment of perpetrators of child sexual abuse was similar to the treatment of perpetrators of other felonies, the profile of the child abuse perpetrator was quite different. Knowledge about this profile may impact prosecution or treatment and recidivism rates, to the extent that recidivism is related to characteristics of the abuse perpetrator.
Combination chemotherapy with vincristine and methotrexate for advanced refractory breast cancer.

Eighteen patients with advanced breast cancer refractory to combination chemotherapy with 5-FU, Adriamycin, Cytoxan (FAC) were treated with methotrexate 30 to 40 mg/m2 iv and vincristine 1.5 mg/m2 iv at weekly intervals. Of 17 evaluable patients, 4 (23%) achieved a partial remission with a median duration of remission of 6 months and a median survival of 10 months. In another seven of seventeen patients (41%) the disease remained stable. Toxicity was minimal.
A new dissection technique for approach to right-sided intrahepatic portosystemic shunts: anatomic study and use in three dogs.

Objective— To determine the feasibility of indirect suture passage around the right portal vein for attenuation of right-sided intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (IHPSS). Study Design— Anatomic study of cadavers and prospective evaluation of clinical cases. Animals— Nine canine cadavers (median weight, 20.5 kg) and 6 client-owned dogs suspected of having right-sided IHPSS. Methods— Silicone casts of the caudal vena cava and pre- and intrahepatic portal veins were made in fresh canine cadavers. A suture was passed dorsal to the portal vein above and below its bifurcation and pulled laterally so that it surrounded the right portal vein. The number and size of portal and caudal vena cava branches that interfered with the suture passage were recorded. Intra- and postoperative complications were evaluated in 3 dogs with right-sided IHPSS and 3 dogs suspected of having right-sided IHPSS that had right portal vein dissection and occlusion using this technique. Results— Suture passage and placement around the right portal vein were easily accomplished in all 9 specimens. A 1 mm branch from the dorsal surface of the right portal vein was included in the encircling ligature in 4 specimens. The dissection technique was used successfully in 3 dogs with right-sided IHPSS and 2 other clinical cases. The portal branch to the papillary process of the caudate lobe interfered with suture placement in 1 dog with a central IHPSS. Conclusions— Indirect suture passage for ligation of the right portal vein can be successfully performed in normal dogs and dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts. Clinical Relevance— Hemorrhage, vascular trauma, and surgery time may be reduced using this technique for attenuation of right-sided IHPSS.
What if I can’t? Success expectancies moderate the effects of utility value information on situational interest and performance

Two studies tested how the effects of a utility value manipulation on interest and performance were moderated by expectations for success. College students learned a new technique for mentally solving multiplication problems with instructions containing task utility information or not. In Study 1 (N = 62), the effect of the utility value information was positive for individuals with high success expectancies, but negative for individuals with low success expectancies. Study 2 (N = 148) examined the causal role of success expectancies by manipulating whether participants received an expectancy boost before receiving the utility manipulation. The results showed further support for the importance of success expectancies in moderating the effect of directly-communicated utility value. The results are discussed in relation to other research on utility value, interest, and expectancy–value models of achievement behavior.
Classifying launch/impact events of mortar and artillery rounds utilizing DWT-derived features and feedforward neural networks

Feature extraction methods based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and multiresolution analysis are used to develop a robust classification algorithm that reliably discriminates between launch and impact artillery and/or mortar events via acoustic signals produced during detonation. Distinct characteristics are found within the acoustic signatures since impact events emphasize concussive and shrapnel effects, while launch events are similar to explosions, designed to expel and propel an artillery round from a gun. The ensuing signatures are readily characterized by variations in the corresponding peak pressure and rise time of the waveform, differences in the ratio of positive pressure amplitude to the negative amplitude, variations in the prominent frequencies associated with the blast events and variations in the overall duration of the resulting waveform. Unique attributes can also be identified that depend upon the properties of the gun tube, projectile speed at the muzzle, and the explosive/concussive properties associated with the events. In this work, the discrete wavelet transform is used to extract the time-frequency components characteristic of the aforementioned acoustic signatures at ranges exceeding 2km. The resulting decomposition of the acoustic transient signals is used to produce a separable feature space. Highly reliable classification is achieved with a feedforward neural network classifier trained on a sample space derived from the distribution of wavelet coefficients and higher frequency details found within different levels of the multiresolution decomposition. The neural network developed herein provides a capability to classify events (as either launch (LA) or impact (IM)) with an accuracy that exceeds 88%.
Iodine Sensitivity Of Digital Imaging Systems

One of the most successful applications of digital radiography systems thusfar has been the imaging of vasculature opacified by intravenously administered contrast agents using temporal subtraction. Because the contrast in the arterial structures of interest is small as a consequence of the dilution due to the intravenous injection, it is essential that such imaging systems have high contrast sensitivity. This paper discusses means to assess the contrast sensitivity of imaging systems using iodinated phantoms and temporal subtraction. A difference image is shown demonstrating a 1 mm vessel containing 0.5 mg/cm2 of iodine, i.e. less than 1% radiographic contrast. Initial CDD results are presented. Dependence of CDD analysis on video signal level is demonstrated. The effects of x-ray scatter and image intensifier veiling glare are predicted and measured experimentally. Contrast levels in two digital fluorographic clinical procedures are estimated.
Selective thinning of the perifoveal inner retina as an early sign of hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity.

Selective thinning of the perifoveal inner retina as an early sign of hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity
Safety consideration and economic advantage of a new underground nuclear power plant design

Abstract A conceptual design of an underground nuclear power plant is proposed to make undergrounding of nuclear reactors not only environmentally desirable but also economically feasible. Expedient to the underground environment, this design capitalizes on the pressure-containing and radiation filtering characteristics of the new underground boundary conditions. Design emphasis is on the containment of a catastrophic accident — that of a reactor vessel rupture caused by external means. The H igh C apacity R apid E nergy D issipation U nderground C ontainment (HiC—REDUCE) system which efficiently contains loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCAs) and small break conditions is described. The end product is a radiation-release-proof plant which, in effect, divorces the safety of the public from the safety of the reactor.
Knee joint torque during the swing phase of normal treadmill walking.

Abstract Net torques due to muscular action at the knee joint have been calculated in five normal male subjects during the swing phase of treadmill walking at speeds ranging from 1·5 to 5 mph. Surface electromyograms were also recorded from selected muscle groups in the thigh. The results indicate that in a given subject the variations in peak torque can be explained on the basis of walking speed. The EMG's also show modifications which are speed dependent. From an examination of torques in all five subjects, it is suggested that consideration of the relevant body segment parameter is necessary to account for the between subject variations that are encountered at a given speed of walking. The versatility of the normal knee joint is emphasized in a discussion of the calculated power characteristics and the implications of these findings for prosthetic replacement of the knee are discussed.
Comment on the comment by Amthor et al. on ``Appropriate experimental ecosystem warming methods'' by Aronson and McNulty

Abstract In a recent comment on the paper by Aronson and McNulty (2009) about “Appropriate experimental ecosystem warming methods by ecosystem, objective, and practicality”, Amthor et al. (2010) state that infrared lamps do not warm open-field plots by the mechanism expected with global warming. While this statement is correct, in the aftermath of their comment, confusion exists about how warming with infrared heaters can be related to global warming. This comment illustrates how infrared heating at “constant temperature rise” relates in a quantitative way to anticipated global warming. Amthor et al. (2010) also state that changes in vapor pressure gradient from leaf to atmosphere are an issue with infrared heating, but this problem can be minimized with supplemental irrigations in controlled amounts. Therefore, “constant temperature rise” infrared warming experiments with supplemental irrigations are a viable T-FACE (temperature free-air controlled enhancement) that can be used in combination with CO2-FACE to produce conditions more representative of future open-fields than can be done with chambers with their many known artifacts.
Still Relevant? An Audience Analysis of Public and Government Access Channels

The literature on public, educational, and government (PEG) access channels has focused on production rather than audience analysis, which hinders our understanding whether such channels remain relevant forums for public expression and a source of community information in an increasingly digitized and converging media landscape. To address this gap, this study draws on random sampled survey data in Austin, Texas to analyze the audience of PEG access channels. Findings suggest that public access television remains relevant for underprivileged populations, especially racial minorities and less educated people. Online media do not reduce the importance of cablecasting public access content to local residents. Compared to non-viewers, viewers of public access channels have significantly higher social capital. This research has practical implications because many PEG channels across America have been cut back or shut down due to budget cuts.
Fishing for complements: finding genes by direct selection

Abstract Deriving a saturated gene map of a complex genome is a daunting undertaking. By current methods, finding all the genes in even a single megabase of the human genome is technically difficult. Direct selection is a technique focussed upon the isolation of cDNAs encoded by such large genomic regions and involves hybridization-based selection and PCR methods. It is particularly useful in the positional cloning of loci associated with genetic disease and for rapidly searching large genomic regions for transcriptional units that are normally expressed at low levels. Direct selection can produce up to 100 000-fold enrichment of specific cDNAs, and allows simultaneous searches to be conducted on many complex tissues. The applications of this technique extend to many approaches that involve cDNA cloning, including isolating related genes from complex pools of cDNA
The effect of dilution on necrotic ringspot virus infectivity and the enhancement of infectivity by noninfective virus.

Abstract The infectivity dilution curves of sour cherry necrotic ringspot (NRSV) and prune dwarf (PDV) viruses on local-lesion hosts were significantly steeper than a theoretical one-hit curve. The slope of the curve varied with the host; on Dolichos biflorus each twofold dilution of NRSV resulted in a three- to fourfold decrease in infectivity. On Momordica balsamina twofold dilution resulted in eight- to tenfold decreases in infectivity. Dilution curves of other viruses on these hosts resembled typical one-hit curves. Supplementing dilute NRSV extracts with additional serologically related virus caused disproportionate increases in infectivity, but the serologically unrelated PDV had no effect. A strain of NRSV noninfective to D. biflorus markedly increased infectivity when added to dilute extracts of a strain causing lesions on this host. UV- or heat-inactivated virus also increased infectivity of dilute extracts of active virus, but virus inactivated by formalin or freezing did not. These results suggest that a dose of two or more particles of NRSV at an infection site is necessary to initiate infection and that the dose requirement may be satisfied partly by virus that is unable to infect.
Synthesis and characterization of new segmented copolymers with side chain Liquid crystalline soft segments

Liquid crystalline polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers with cyano−biphenyl mesogens pendant on the soft segment have been synthesized for the first time. These materials offer a unique opportunity to study the interplay between the liquid crystalline ordering of the elastomer and the morphology of the segmented copolymer. We present the synthesis of carbinol end-capped hydromethylsiloxane oligomers, which can be functionalized with mesogen via a hydrosilylation technique. These side chain liquid crystalline (LC) siloxane macromonomers are then converted to segmented polyurethanes using traditional urethane chemistry. Structural analysis and characterization of the resulting polymers is provided, along with a comparison study of the thermal and optical behavior of these urethanes as the spacer length is increased from 3 to 8 methylene units. Polymers with a high degree of decoupling (spacer length = 8) are above the soft segment Tg at room temperature with a stablized smectic phase. Less decoupled polyme...
A survey of science methods courses and instructors in Illinois, Ohio, and Indiana

(1992). A survey of science methods courses and instructors in Illinois, Ohio, and Indiana. Journal of Science Teacher Education: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 33-39.
Phosphorylation of threonine 3 on histone H3 by haspin kinase is required for meiosis I in mouse oocytes

Meiosis I (MI), the division that generates haploids, is prone to errors that lead to aneuploidy in females. Haspin is a kinase that phosphorylates histone H3 on threonine 3, thereby recruiting Aurora kinase B (AURKB) and the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) to kinetochores to regulate mitosis. Haspin and AURKC, an AURKB homolog, are enriched in germ cells, yet their significance in regulating MI is not fully understood. Using inhibitors and overexpression approaches, we show a role for haspin during MI in mouse oocytes. Haspin-perturbed oocytes display abnormalities in chromosome morphology and alignment, improper kinetochore–microtubule attachments at metaphase I and aneuploidy at metaphase II. Unlike in mitosis, kinetochore localization remained intact, whereas the distribution of the CPC along chromosomes was absent. The meiotic defects following haspin inhibition were similar to those observed in oocytes where AURKC was inhibited, suggesting that the correction of microtubule attachments during MI requires AURKC along chromosome arms rather than at kinetochores. Our data implicate haspin as a regulator of the CPC and chromosome segregation during MI, while highlighting important differences in how chromosome segregation is regulated between MI and mitosis.
Targeting Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) adults with low-volume applications of insecticides alone and in combination with sex pheromone.

BACKGROUND: Studies surveyed the toxicity of several insecticides against adult codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and examined the field effectiveness of applying low-volume (12 L ha−1) sprays alone or in combination with a microencapsulated (MEC) sex pheromone formulation. RESULTS: Neonicotinyls, organophosphates and synthetic pyrethroids significantly reduced fecundity at concentrations nearly 100-fold lower than their maximum labeled field rate. Field studies in 2005 demonstrated that six applications of esfenvalerate resulted in > 90% reduction in fruit injury versus the untreated check. The addition of the MEC pheromone formulation did not further improve control. Five sprays of esfenvalerate, phosmet and acetamiprid all significantly reduced levels of fruit injury compared with the untreated control in 2006. Esfenvalerate and acetamiprid mixed with the MEC pheromone significantly reduced fruit injury compared with the MEC-only treatment. Significant increases in pest and decreases in predator mite densities occurred in plots treated with esfenvalerate in both years. Low-volume sprays of phosmet and acetamiprid did not disrupt mites. CONCLUSION: Low-volume insecticide sprays can effectively manage codling moth and are less disruptive of integrated mite management. Developing an effective ‘attract and kill’ technology with this approach will require optimization of the attractant(s) to maximize moth exposure to insecticide residues. Published 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Women's health care issues for medical students: An education proposal

This outline of objectives in women's health care education is intended to provide a model for reviewing medical school curricula by interdisciplinary educators on a national basis to identify core knowledge, skill, and attitudes for medical student education. Review of the core objectives identified for internal medicine, pediatrics, family medicine, and surgery allows us to identify those that are essential to good patient care so they can be reinforced and evaluated at various outcome points. Developing learning objectives that are complementary rather than additive, that clarify important objectives for students, that bring course directors into collaborative communication, and that ultimately improve communication will require an atmosphere of cooperation among disciplines.
Effects of Playing Video Games on Pain Response during a Cold Pressor Task

Two studies assessed whether playing video games would significantly distract participants from painful stimulation via a cold pressor test. In Study 1, participants (8 men, 22 women, M age = 18.5 yr., SD = 1.3) in an action-oriented game condition tolerated pain for a longer time period and reported lower pain intensity ratings than those in a nonaction-oriented game or a nongame control condition. No differences were found on scores of aggressiveness, competitiveness, or prior video game experience, suggesting that these factors play little role. In Study 2, participants (14 men, 13 women, M age = 19.7 yr., SD = 1.3) engaged in six video game conditions (action, fighting, puzzle, sports, arcade, and boxing) and a nongame control condition. Video game play produced an increase in pulse, which was greatest during the action, fighting, sports, and boxing games. Pain tolerance was greatest during the sports and fighting games. Thus, certain games produce greater distraction, which may have implications for the medical field as an adjunct to pain management.
Anti‐Semitism and the American Racial Context: A Historical Inquiry

This essay reacts to the observation that (1) the vast literature on anti-Semitism virtually ignores the United States and that (2) American scholarly writing on the topic of race and racism has little to say about Jews and anti-Semitism. This essay tries to bridge both gaps by arguing, first, that anti-Semitism should not be studied as an ideology or as a social virus but as a marker of specific tensions in the cultures where it becomes a public issue. Second, in the United States, a civic nation rather than a European nation-state, Jews have always been included as citizens, have never challenged a national identity based on democratic political values, and have nevertheless been perceived ambiguously. Third, Race has defined the basic fissures in our social and political history, and groups stigmatized as racially alien have faced systematic discrimination. At the turn of the 20th century, East European Jews were perceived as members of an immigrant proletariat encased – like other immgrants – in a racial ideology and faced discrimination on that critical but largely class-related basis. Fourth, other Jews before and after that era were marginal to America's basic tensions, and different groups of Jews were treated differently according to the various class positions and geographic locations that they often shared with others. Anti-Semitism marked the shifting kaleidoscope of America's endless process of economic growth and social mobility.
Testing for Racial Discrimination in Bail Setting Using Nonparametric Estimation of a Parametric Model

Black defendants are assigned greater bail levels than whites accused of similar offenses. To investigate whether this difference can be explained without taste-based discrimination, we construct a simple model of optimal bail setting. We develop a two-step econometric method that allows us to estimate the model while holding constant defendant heterogeneity that judges can observe, even when we do not. In return for making the behavioral model’s relatively weak parametric assumptions, we are able to allow an arbitrary conditional distribution of such heterogeneity. We estimate the model using publicly available administrative data on felony defendants for five counties in 2000 and 2002. Point estimates suggest discriminatory bail levels in at least one, and possibly two, of these counties, where estimates suggest that judges set bail as if the value of blacks’ lost freedom is less than two-thirds the value of whites’ lost freedom. This result translates into a substantial black-white gap in the value of lost freedom — at least $64 per day.
Structure from motion: a region based approach using affine transformations and moment invariants

A region-based method to solve the structure and motion problem is presented. Region matchings between images are accomplished by using affine invariants. No feature extraction or segmentation is needed in the matching process. Having recovered the region matches, a closed-form solution for the camera motion and the 3-D structures of the regions can be obtained. The advantage of this approach is that it gives complete structure and motion estimation at low computational cost. >
Engineering ethics education: aligning practice and outcomes

Analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of current efforts indicate that engineering programs lack consistent, accurate, and reliable methods of teaching professional ethics and measuring their outcomes. This raises two equally important issues: how we teach ethics and which student outcomes we are assessing. Engineering students are performing poorly on the Ethics part of the Fundamental Engineering exam, so clearly there is a misalignment between teaching practice and outcomes. Engineering ethics instruction is often focused on the instruction of moral judgment and assessing ethical awareness via students' responses to vignettes describing ethical dilemmas. In this study, we propose extending current practice from a focus on teaching moral reasoning to also considering students' ethical awareness and future behavior. We introduce motivational variables that engineering educators should consider when designing ethics curricula. The study findings suggest that these motivational factors may influence students' ethical awareness and predict their ethical behavior.
Global Economic Governance After the Crisis

Abstract: It has become common to insist that contemporary international economic problems require a great increase in the extent of “global governance” of economic affairs. This desire, understandable as it may be, confronts a series of major obstacles. First, the normative case for global governance is more difficult to justify, and more complex, than is usually recognized, and requires consideration of both economic and political-economy principles. Second, in practice, the provision of governance at the supra-national level – that is, of international public goods – depends largely on support from powerful and concentrated interests. Third, this dynamic means that the types of international public goods provided, the way they are provided, and the governance structures erected around them are biased in favor of their strongest supporters, and are therefore likely to be a source of continuing controversy.
The Dust Rose Like Smoke: The Subjugation of the Zulu and the Sioux

"Engrossing." - "Choice". "An intriguing book which opens the doors for all manner of comparative studies, and thereby suggests that the process of interaction between indigenous peoples and imperial interlopers is much the same across the world...an interesting and thought-provoking book." - "Soldiers of the Queen". In 1876, Sioux and Cheyenne warriors annihilated Custer's Seventh Cavalry on the Little Bighorn. Three years later and half a world away, a British force was wiped out by Zulu warriors at Isandhlwana in South Africa. In both cases the total defeat of regular army troops by forces regarded as undisciplined barbarian tribesmen stunned an imperial nation. The similarities between the two frontier encounters have long been noted, but James O. Gump is the first to scrutinize them in a comparative context. "This study issues a challenge to American exceptionalism," he writes. Viewing both episodes as part of a global pattern of intensified conflict in the latter 1800s resulting from Western domination over a vast portion of the globe, he persuasively traces the comparisons in their origins and aftermath. James O. Gump, professor and chair of the Department of History at the University of San Diego, is the author of "The Formation of the Zulu Kingdom in South Africa, 1750-1840".