cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Advancing the Educational Training of Dental Educators: Review of a Model Program

Very few dental educators have formal pedagogical training, and the availability of degree-granting programs for dental educators is very limited. A joint D.D.S.-M.A. program for predoctoral students and a Ph.D. program for faculty members have been established at Columbia University's College of Dental Medicine in conjunction with the Graduate School of Education, Teachers College. Six students have completed the joint degree program, five are currently enrolled, and an additional three have taken courses at Teachers College without pursuing a degree. One faculty member has completed the Ph.D. program, and one is enrolled. This article describes the details of both programs and discusses preliminary outcomes. The model described here may serve as an example for other dental schools that may choose to implement degree programs in education for dental educators.
The cardiorenal connection: new insights toward choice of revascularization.

The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) varies widely after coronary revascularization, likely because of the incorporation of studies spanning 3 decades, different definitions used to define AKI, and variation in the use of volume expansion and iso-osmolar contrast media protocols. Recent
Behavior, growth, survival, and plant injury by Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) on transgenic Bt cottons

Six cotton lines were evaluated for resistance to tobacco budwonn, Heliothis virescens (F.), in two glasshouse experiments. The cotton lines were four transgenic somaclones carrying the δ-endotoxin gene ( Bt ) from Bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki and a marker gene (NPTII), and two control lines without the Bt gene (one transgenic control carrying only the NPTII gene, an antibiotic resistance marker gene, and one nontransgenic control). In a behavior experiment, the lines were evaluated for their influence on feeding, resting, locomotion, and spin-down (i.e., leaving the plant on a silken thread) behaviors of third-ins tar H. virescens . The percentage of time larvae were observed in spin-down behavior was significantly greater on one somaclone carrying the Bt gene than for the nontransgenic ‘Coker 312’ control. No significant differences were observed in percentage of time larvae spent feeding or resting, or in the occurrence of larvae on flower bud, leaf, or stem-petiole on the six lines. However, more larvae were found in the terminals of one somaclone carrying the Bt /NPTII genes than for the ‘Coker 312’ control. In a second experiment, neonates were confined on the six cotton lines for 10 d to compare larval growth, survival, and plant injury. Larval weight (fresh) and injury to small bolls were reduced on one somaclone carrying the Bt gene compared with the nontransgenic control. However, flower bud injury was not different among the six lines. These data suggest that the transgenic Bt lines were not expressing the δ-endotoxin at levels sufficient to have a relatively large influence on larval behavior, growth, survival, or plant damag.
Formation of core-shell silver-ethane clusters in He droplets.

Here, we have studied the utility of large He droplets of 105–107 atoms for the growth of composite clusters consisting of an Ag core and a shell of ethane molecules. The clusters have been assembled by doping He droplets with up to 103 Ag atoms and ethane molecules in two sequential pickup cells and studied via infrared spectroscopy in the C–H stretch region of the ethane molecules. We found that the ν7 band of ethane molecules at the interface with the Ag atoms has a low frequency shift of approximately 15 cm–1 with respect to that of more distant ethane molecules away from the interface. The intensity ratio of the two bands was used for evaluation of the Ag core and ethane shell cluster structure. We found that the number of surface ethane molecules is in good agreement with a model that assumes a dense, core–shell structure for clusters containing less than about 100 atoms. However, large Ag clusters consisting of about 3000 atoms have a factor of about 5 larger surface area than that predicted by the...
Ligand-localized triplet-state photophysics in a platinum(II) terpyridyl perylenediimideacetylide.

The synthesis, electrochemistry, and photophysical behavior of a Pt(II) terpyridyl perylenediimide (PDI) acetylide (1) charge-transfer complex is reported. The title compound exhibits strong (e ≈ 5 × 104 M–1cm–1) low-energy PDI acetylide-based π–π* absorption bands in the visible range extending to 600 nm, producing highly quenched singlet fluorescence (Φ = 0.014 ± 0.001, τ = 109 ps) with respect to a nonmetalated PDI model chromophore. Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy revealed the presence of a long excited-state lifetime (372 ns in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran) with transient features consistent with the PDI–acetylide triplet state, ascertained by direct comparison to a model Pt(II) PDI–acetylide complex lacking low-energy charge-transfer transitions. For the first time, time-resolved step–scan FT-IR spectroscopy was used to characterize the triplet excited state of the PDI–acetylide sensitized in the title compound and its associated model complex. The observed red shifts (∼30–50 cm–1) in the C═...
Relativism and Foundationalism: Some Distinctions and Strategies

Various issues are characteristically associated with discussions about relativism. The first concerns defining relativism?which is not an easy mat ter, since there seems to be no clear and well established usage to which one might appeal. Some stipulation is required, though this need not be ar bitrary. One may proceed by distinguishing relativism from its putative con trast: absolutism, although defining this latter notion is as difficult as defin ing the former. Absolutism, however, at least, holds that the truth or the truth value of a proposition is not tied to the contingent (historical) condi tions of the assertion of truth or truth value. Relativism denies this, holding that some truths or truth values are tied to such contingent conditions. What the nature of this "tie" is, and for what sorts of cases it might obtain, depends upon more precise formulations. Still, relativism is a theory of logic rather than epistemology, though in particular discussions a clear-cut distinction is not easily drawn. Nelson Goodman, for example, claims to be a "radical relativist with restraints," and his arguments derive from an unwillingness to carry the (for him) dispensable burden of a non-nominalist epistemology. Since no "world" independent of our symbol systems is ac cessible, it cannot function in our cognitive judgements. So, "truth," for Goodman, turns out to be a feature of the internal relations within symbol systems, a feature explicable after the epistemic limits have been drawn. But one could argue that the burden of carrying a "heavier" epistemology might be worth the effort?not by insisting that an inquiry-independent world is, after all, accessible, but rather along different lines that concern regulative or pretensial considerations. For example, in answer to the general question, "What does the sort of inquiry I am engaged in pretend to do?", a scientific realist might say, "I, as a scientist, pretend to explain the 'external' world (never mind the epistemic difficulties)." Questions of pretense arise for all cultural practices, such as art, religion, science, history, philosophy, and so on, as well as for any accounting of them. So, in discussions of relativism we need to be mindful of these distinguishable areas of concern: the logical, the epistemological, and the pretensial. The main thrust of the present treatment concerns the first two, and it asks, What is the status of the logical thesis of relativism and its negate, and how does that relate to the epistemological thesis of foundationalism and its negate?
The construction of the mechanism for combination of university journal editorial dept. and editing institute

To promote the editing subject construction and theoretical innovation, based on the theory of "six bifurcation, six unbalance, two difficulties and three hot", this paper expounds the necessity and urgentness of editing science. On the theoretical basis of three national guided programmatic documents which are related with conducting the university journals well, in view of the useful attempt taken by the editorial department of "Journal of Henan University" to establish editology research office to carry on editology study, focusing on practical requirements of the editology study, according to editology study to continue to expand its history has powerful forum foundation, good elasticity working space, relatively quiet and comfortable working environment, this paper demonstrated the feasibility of editology research office on the university journal editorial mechanism. "Because of the editorial office of academic organizations, should be is the compilation and scientific research in college, within the scope of colleges and universities, to establish a set of editing research, responsibility mechanism and the research mechanism.
A dynamic programming method based on graph theory for restoration of distribution system with DGs

A strategy based on intentional islanding for using DGs in the distribution network restoration service in the context of smart distribution network is presented and the restoration procedure of distribution network with DGs is also enunciated.Through comparison and research of existing distribution system islanding algorithms,the objective,principle and algorithm of intentional islanding are studied in detail based on the closed-loop design and open-loop operation characteristics of complex distribution network.An algorithm based on minimum spanning tree and dynamic programming method is proposed,which can adapt to complex distribution network with the structure containing rings and ensure the restoration of important loads to the maximum extent.Using this method,it can ensure stable operation of islanding and quick synchronization with the upper power grid.The data structure,parameter setting and mathematical representations of the algorithm are introduced.Case analysis on typical islanding confirms the feasibility of this method.
Authenticity and Asymmetry

Points have we all of us within our souls Where all stand single Wordsworth The concept of hermeneutic conditions, the lens through which I have been reading the analytic of Dasein in Being and Time , is a concept not of causal or logical conditions of intelligibility, but of the constitutive conditions of the interpretability of entities as such. To say that hermeneutic conditions are constitutive, rather than merely causal or logical, is to say that we always already have some understanding of them, however inarticulate or prethematic, just in virtue of understanding what and that entities are . The interpretability of entities is therefore tied essentially to their being , which is to say the conditions of their intelligibility as entities . Fundamental ontology, at once guiding and guided by the question concerning the meaning of being, thus has to do with the conditions of Dasein's explicit understanding of entities as such. Moreover, the “explicitness” of understanding in interpretation, as Heidegger conceives it, lies not just in its presence before the mind, but in its expression in communicative practice broadly construed. I have argued that communication, also broadly construed, is a condition of expression, as contrasted with the mere purposiveness of practical activity. Discourse, which is to say the entire expressive-communicative dimension of Dasein's disclosedness, thus constitutes a hermeneutic condition – indeed, the hermeneutic condition par excellence.
The Market Revolution in America: Heartless Markets, Heartless Men

Much of what people experienced with the rise of capitalist market relations derived from the depersonalization of transactions – from the rise of heartless markets and heartless men. In the pre-modern world, who you were had everything to do with how you were treated in public places: whether you received credit, merited trust, deserved poor relief, or belonged in a circle of “friendship.” It was a hallmark of modern capitalist relations that transactions among individuals became routinized, institutionalized, and depersonalized, so that one could do business with strangers at a distance as readily as at home. In ways never intended (and largely unimagined at the time), the story of “marvelous improvements,” discussed previously, radically transformed the social relations that early Americans once had assumed to be natural, desirable, and perhaps even immutable. The same developments that sustained enthusiastic narratives of prosperity and progress turned up in counternarratives of loss, frustration, and dislocation. Individuals seized opportunities for gain and advancement that embroiled them forever in market relations that undermined their places of comfort in earlier networks of family, community, and friendship. The maddening ambivalence of the experience of the market revolution in antebellum America lies not just in the existence of counternarratives but their coexistence with the narratives of progress, often running side by side, like unnatural harmonies, in the lives of individuals who could not reconcile their contradictions.
Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Radioembolization Versus Chemoembolization: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) has emerged as a newer regional therapy to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study is to compare clinical outcomes of both the techniques. Online search for studies comparing TARE to TACE from 2005 to present was performed. Primary outcome was overall survival rate for up to 4 years. Secondary outcomes included post-treatment complications and treatment response. Quality of included studies was evaluated by STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology criteria. Relative risk (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from pooled data. The search strategy yielded 172 studies, five met selection criteria and included 553 patients with unresectable HCC, 284 underwent TACE and 269 underwent TARE. Median ages were 63 and 64 years for TACE and TARE, respectively. Meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference in survival for up to 4 years between the two groups (HR = 1.06; 95 % CI 0.81–1.46, p = 0.567). TACE required at least one day of hospital stay compared to TARE which was mostly an outpatient procedure. TACE had more post-treatment pain than TARE (RR = 0.51, 95 % CI 0.36–0.72, p < 0.01), but less subjective fatigue (RR = 1.68, 95 % CI 1.08–2.62, p < 0.01). There was no difference between the two groups in the incidence of post-treatment nausea, vomiting, fever, or other complications. In addition, there was no difference in partial or complete response rates between the two groups. TARE appears to be a safe alternative treatment to TACE with comparable complication profile and survival rates. Larger prospective randomized trials, focusing on patient-reported outcomes and cost–benefit analysis are required to consolidate these results.
A review on synthesis of alkoxymethyl furfural, a biofuel candidate

Abstract Recently extensive efforts have been made to obtain drop-in fuel or fuel additives from renewable and sustainable resources. Alkoxymethyl furfurals synthesized from etherification reactions of aliphatic alcohols and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) have been proposed as a diesel fuel additive and precursor of the drop-in fuel. Among the alkoxymethyl furfurals, 5-(methoxymethyl)furfural (MMF) and especially 5-(ethoxymethyl)furfural (EMF) have received much attention due to their superior prosperities including high energy density, low toxicity, high stability, and proper flow properties. Different acid catalysts have been tested for cost-effective production of EMF and MMF. Besides, broad ranges of feedstock from untreated lignocellulosic biomass and algae to carbohydrates and HMF have been used and their performances have been investigated. Production technologies for these fuel compounds and upgrading some of these compounds have been surveyed in many review papers. Therefore, making a concise overview on the production methodologies of all the relevant furan based fuel compounds, including long chain hydrocarbon alkanes from furfurals such as EMF and MMF is worthy of investigation. The current review summarizes the available technologies to help with further improvements and advancements of the production technologies of EMF and MMF. A special emphasis is placed on the state-of-the-art catalytic processes for EMF and MMF synthesis. Based on the review, the future direction is suggested.
Structure of the nasal region of non-mammalian cynodonts and mammaliaforms: Speculations on the evolution of mammalian endothermy

ABSTRACTNasal regions of the non-mammalian cynodonts Massetognathus, Probainognathus, and Elliotherium were reconstructed from micro-computed tomography scans and compared with scans and published accounts of more derived forms, including Brasilitherium, Morganucodon, Haldanodon, and extant mammals. The basic structure of the modern mammalian nose, already present in non-mammalian cynodonts of the Early Triassic, underwent little modification during the Triassic. A respiratory chamber opened into a nasopharyngeal passage through an enlarged primary choana bordered posteriorly by a transverse lamina that formed the floor to a more posterior olfactory chamber. Cartilaginous respiratory turbinals initially provided a surface for evaporative cooling during periods of increased activity in the exceptionally high ambient temperatures of the Triassic. A similar mechanism for heat loss is present in extant crocodilians, squamates, and mammals. In the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic non-mammaliaform cynodonts (El...
A constrained adaptive scan order approach to transform coefficient entropy coding

Transform coefficient coding is a key module in modern video compression systems. Typically, a block of the quantized coefficients are processed in a pre-defined zig-zag order, starting from DC and sweeping through low frequency positions to high frequency ones. Correlation between magnitudes of adjacent coefficients is exploited via context based probability models to improve compression efficiency. Such scheme is premised on the assumption that spatial transforms compact energy towards lower frequency coefficients, and the scan pattern that follows a descending order of the likelihood of coefficients being non-zero provides more accurate probability modeling. However, a pre-defined zig-zag pattern that is agnostic to signal statistics may not be optimal. This work proposes an adaptive approach to generate scan pattern dynamically. Unlike prior attempts that directly sort a 2-D array of coefficient positions according to the appearance frequency of non-zero levels only, the proposed scheme employs a topological sort that also fully accounts for the spatial constraints due to the context dependency in entropy coding. A streamlined framework is designed for processing both intra and inter prediction residuals. This generic approach is experimentally shown to provide consistent coding performance gains across a wide range of test settings.
Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) Based Monitoring of Smart Manufacturing Systems.

The vision of Smart Manufacturing Systems (SMS) includes collaborative robots that can adapt to a range of scenarios. This vision requires a classification of multiple system behaviors, or sequences of movement, that can achieve the same high-level tasks. Likewise, this vision presents unique challenges regarding the management of environmental variables in concert with discrete, logic-based programming. Overcoming these challenges requires targeted performance and health monitoring of both the logical controller and the physical components of the robotic system. Prognostics and health management (PHM) defines a field of techniques and methods that enable condition-monitoring, diagnostics, and prognostics of physical elements, functional processes, overall systems, etc. PHM is warranted in this effort given that the controller is vulnerable to program changes, which propagate in unexpected ways, logical runtime exceptions, sensor failure, and even bit rot. The physical component’s health is affected by the wear and tear experienced by machines constantly in motion. The controller’s source of faults is inherently discrete, while the latter occurs in a manner that builds up continuously over time. Such a disconnect poses unique challenges for PHM. This paper presents a robotic monitoring system that captures and resolves this disconnect. This effort leverages supervisory robotic control and model checking with linear temporal logic (LTL), presenting them as a novel monitoring system for PHM. This methodology has been demonstrated in a MATLAB-based simulator for an industry inspired use-case in the context of PHM. Future work will use the methodology to develop adaptive, intelligent con- trol strategies to evenly distribute wear on the joints of the robotic arms, maximizing the life of the system.
Cerebral Palsy and Chronic Pain: A Descriptive Study of Children and Adolescents

The experiences of chronic pain among children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) were examined in this survey-based study. Perspectives of both the individual and the parent were solicited in a preliminary sample of 20 youths with CP, ages 6-to-17 years from a metropolitan area. Selected participants completed in-person, structured interviews that focused on quality of life with attention to pain experiences. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively. Seventy percent of participants (n = 14) experienced recurrent chronic pain of moderate intensity on a daily or weekly basis. Greater than half of those participants (n = 9) reported that pain presented a problem for them and especially interfered with self-care and with sleep. Pain appears to be a problem for many youths with CP, and may create additional interference with routine activities of daily living and participation. Further exploration regarding pain experiences and the nature of pain interference is warranted in order to address develo...
Gridiron Nights, Comedy Clubs, and after Dinner Speaking: Prescriptions from Real World Analogues.

By examining two real world analogues and their applicability to after dinner speaking, this essay concludes that the rules for after dinner speaking should be reformulated to encourage students, c...
Capitalizing on the molybdenum disulfide/graphene synergy to produce mechanical enhanced flame retardant ethylene-vinyl acetate composites with low aluminum hydroxide loading

Abstract We have engineered a flame retardant ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) composite which has the similar mechanical properties as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and therefore may prove to be an alternative material for cable sheathing. Four composites were studied, EVA with aluminum hydroxide (ATH), EVA with ATH and molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), EVA with ATH and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), and EVA with all three components. Tensile testing showed nearly identical results for the EVA/ATH and EVA/ATH/MoS 2 compounds, while the EVA/ATH/GNPs compound had higher mechanical properties. The compound containing all three components showed further enhanced mechanical properties, indicating that a synergy was established. This was further confirmed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) where GNPs were seen to increase the dispersion of the MoS 2 and ATH components within the polymer matrix. Cone calorimetry test clearly showed a large decrease in heat release rate when GNPs were added, which was further enhanced by adding GNPs and MoS 2 together. Application of the UL-94 test showed that only the compound containing 36 wt% of ATH and 2 wt% each of MoS 2 and GNPs can achieve the UL-94 V0 rating.
Developing and characterizing MR/CT-visible materials used in QA phantoms for MRgRT systems.

Purpose Synthetic tissue equivalent (STE) materials currently used to simulate tumor and surrounding tissues for IROC-Houston's anthropomorphic head and thorax QA phantoms cannot be visualized using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The purpose of this study was to characterize dual MR/CT-visible STE materials that can be used in an end-to-end QA phantom for MR-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) modalities. Methods Over 80 materials' MR, CT, and dosimetric STE properties were investigated for use in MRgRT QA phantoms. The materials tested included homogeneous and heterogeneous materials to simulate soft tissue/tumor and lung tissues. Materials were scanned on a Siemens' Magnetom Espree 1.5 T using four sequences, which showed the materials visual contrast between T1- and T2-weighted images. Each material's Hounsfield number and electron density data was collected using a GE's CT Lightspeed Simulator. Dosimetric properties were examined by constructing a 10 × 10 × 20 cm3 phantom of the selected STE materials that was divided into three sections: anterior, middle, and posterior. Anterior and posterior pieces were composed of polystyrene, whereas the middle section was substituted with the selected STE materials. EBT3 film was inserted into the phantom's midline and was irradiated using an Elekta's Versa 6 MV beam with a prescription of 6 Gy at 1.5 cm and varying field size of: 10 × 10 cm2 , 6 × 6 cm2 , and 3 × 3 cm2 . Measured film PDD curves were compared to planning system calculations and conventional STE materials' percent depth dose (PDD) curves. Results The majority of the tested materials showed comparable CT attenuation properties to their respective organ site; however, most of the tested materials were not visible on either T1- or T2-weighted MR images. Silicone, hydrocarbon, synthetic gelatin, and liquid PVC plastic-based materials showed good MR image contrast. In-house lung equivalent materials made with either silicone- or hydrocarbon-based materials had HUs ranging from: -978 to -117 and -667 to -593, respectively. Synthetic gelatin and PVC plastic-based materials resembled soft tissue/tumor equivalent materials and had HUs of: -175 to -170 and -29 to 32, respectively. PDD curves of the selected MR/CT-visible materials were comparable to IROC-Houston's conventional phantom STE materials. The smallest field size showed the largest disagreements, where the average discrepancies between calculated and measured PDD curves were 1.8% and 5.9% for homogeneous and heterogeneous testing materials, respectively. Conclusions Gelatin, liquid plastic, and hydrocarbon-based materials were determined as alternative STE substitutes for MRgRT QA phantoms.
‘I don’t masturbate, I fight!’: the Spectre of Kita Ikki in Suzuki Seijun's Kenka Ereji (Fighting Elegy, 1966)

This paper reconsiders the genre filmmaker Suzuki Seijun's relationship to the political moment of 1968 through a reading of his 1966 film Fighting Elegy. This reading is informed by critical disco...
The semantics of Farsi be: applying the principled polysemy model

Recent research in cognitive linguistics has shown that a good deal of systematicity is involved in semantic of prepositions, once the many meanings of a single preposition are treated as motivated categories. The aim of this research is to apply a cognitive linguistics analysis for the semantics of a preposition in Farsi. The study takes Tyler and Evans' [1] approach to polysemy as a means for developing the semantic network of Farsi preposition be with the central meaning similar to English to. For this purpose a large amount of corpus data were analyzed and the semantics of the preposition were studied. The results of the analysis showed that Tyler & Evanss' Principled polysemy model can be successfully applied to the Farsi preposition be. The analysis sheds light on the semantics of this preposition and highlights the potential ability of this model for the systematic account of prepositions in languages other than English.
Mysterious ILC2 tissue adaptation

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) that produce the cytokine IL-5 are found in lung, gut, fat and skin tissues. New findings indicate that ILC2s in different tissues selectively express distinct functional cytokine receptors for cell activation in response to the local environment.
A New Traveling Wave Representation for Propagation of Energy Transients in Power Lines from a Quantum Perspective

In this paper we present a generic dual traveling wave representation of energy transients in power lines from a quantum perspective. Although the dual-wave representation is also derived based on re-investigation of the Maxwells equations, it is constructed based on a quantum interpretation instead of the classic one. Interpretation from the quantum perspective allows us to develop a new wave representation for modeling the propagation of energy transients from the well-known Telegrapher-Equations-based traveling wave models. The differences are: 1) the new representation is a dual-wave representation comparing to the single traveling wave representation currently used, 2) the new representation separates the movement of dipoles of solid matter from the electric conduction current which is a statistically aggregated state of movements of dipoles, 3) the new representation carries additional information about the change of electric field on energy movement which is missing in the existing one, 4) the new representation could not only be as effective as the existing traveling wave method, it may be more inclusive with a broader applicability for essential power system protection and smart relay problems that haven’t been well addressed.
Unprovoked Versus Provoked Venous Thromboembolism in Pediatric Patients: Comparison of Characteristics and Outcomes

Background: The incidence of Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is increasing in the pediatric population which has led to a significant impact on morbidity, mortality and health care costs. The majority of VTE episodes diagnosed in children are considered provoked events secondary to an identifiable risk factor. In contrast, truly unprovoked VTE events are rare in children and there is limited data describing clinical course and outcomes in this population. The aim of this study is to highlight important differences in characteristics and outcomes of unprovoked VTE compared to provoked VTE in pediatric patients. Method: We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained institutional thrombosis database. We identified all patients with an objectively confirmed VTE at our institution over a 5-year period from 2011 to 2016. Patients were managed according to standardized institutional protocols based on published guidelines. We compared patients with unprovoked VTE to those with provoked VTE with regards to demographics, prevalence of high risk thrombophilia (defined as inherited deficiency of antithrombin, protein C, or protein S, or antiphospholipid antibody syndrome), frequency of extensive VTE (defined as completely occlusive thrombosis involving >1 venous segment), frequency of pulmonary embolism (PE), frequency of recurrent VTE and frequency of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) assessed using the Manco-Johnson instrument in evaluable patients with history of VTE involving extremity veins, inferior vena cava, and/or superior vena cava. Data was compared using the Mann-Whitney U test or Fisher exact test as appropriate. Two-tailed p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: See Table 1 for a summary of the results. A total of 313 patients developed 336 VTE events at our institution during the study period. Of 336 VTE events, 24 (7%) were unprovoked events affecting 19 patients. Patients with unprovoked VTE were significantly older compared to patients with provoked VTE while gender distribution was similar between the 2 groups. The prevalence of high risk thrombophilia was significantly higher in patients with unprovoked VTE. Similarly, the frequencies of extensive VTE, PE and recurrent VTE were significantly higher in patients with unprovoked VTE. The frequency of physically and functionally significant PTS was not significantly different between the two groups. However, the frequency of PTS of any severity was significantly higher in patients with unprovoked VTE. Conclusion: Our study indicates that pediatric patients with unprovoked VTE represent a distinct patient population that appears to be at high risk for poor outcomes. Multicenter, prospective studies are needed to confirm our results and for developing optimal evidence-based risk stratified treatment approaches. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
But Who Will Take Care of the Children? Childcare, Women, and Devalued Labor.

This paper considers the salaries, status, and working conditions of childcare employees. A survey of all childcare center workers in one community, and interviews with others from around the country, suggest that wages in this field are low and fringe benefits are rare. Workers' frustrations with compensation and lack of opportunity for advancement are balanced by their strong satisfaction gained from working with young children and their parents. But today's high demand for additional providers, together with new career options for women, has produced a teacher shortage that threatens the well-being of young children. Women's pay inequity, the devaluation of young children, and the privatization of the family are explored as social, economic, and cultural factors which contribute to the problem. Alternative solutions are considered, including government subsidies for childcare wages and fees; fee increases for high-income parents ; unionization ; comparable worth efforts; and worker-parent-employercommunity advocacy Here are some occupations that have higher wages than childcare workers:
Sickle cells and sickle trait in thrombosis

The blood cells form a beautiful and elegant system. For a century, hematologists have comfortably understood that each type of blood cell has its own independent function in immunity, hemostasis, or oxygen transport, but in this issue of Blood, Faes and colleagues show that nature is far more efficient than that. Faes and colleagues confirm the findings of others that venous fibrin clots entrap red cells. This phenomenon is especially prominent in clots involving sickle erythrocytes (see figure), consistent with the increased rate of venous thromboembolism observed in patients with sickle cell disease. They show that fibrin interacts with phosphatidylserine exposed on the senescent sickle red cell membrane. The entrapped sickle red cells make the attached fibrin more resistant to fibrinolysis by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), exacerbating the prothrombotic effect. This is an unexpected way that sickle red cells modulate the clotting mechanism.
Pediatric-Adapted Liking Survey (PALS): A Diet and Activity Screener in Pediatric Care.

Clinical settings need rapid yet useful methods to screen for diet and activity behaviors for brief interventions and to guide obesity prevention efforts. In an urban pediatric emergency department, these behaviors were screened in children and parents with the 33-item Pediatric-Adapted Liking Survey (PALS) to assess the reliability and validity of a Healthy Behavior Index (HBI) generated from the PALS responses. The PALS was completed by 925 children (average age = 11 ± 4 years, 55% publicly insured, 37% overweight/obese by Body Mass Index Percentile, BMI-P) and 925 parents. Child–parent dyads differed most in liking of vegetables, sweets, sweet drinks, and screen time. Across the sample, child and parent HBIs were variable, normally distributed with adequate internal reliability and construct validity, revealing two dimensions (less healthy—sweet drinks, sweets, sedentary behaviors; healthy—vegetables, fruits, proteins). The HBI showed criterion validity, detecting healthier indexes in parents vs. children, females vs. males, privately- vs. publicly-health insured, and residence in higher- vs. lower-income communities. Parent’s HBI explained some variability in child BMI percentile. Greater liking of sweets/carbohydrates partially mediated the association between low family income and higher BMI percentile. These findings support the utility of PALS as a dietary behavior and activity screener for children and their parents in a clinical setting.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis With Brain Abscess in a 3-Year-Old Immunocompetent Child: A Case Report

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a monophasic immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating condition that predominately affects the white matter of the brain and spinal cord. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), lesions are usually diffuse, poorly demarcated, and demonstrate regions of high signal on T2 with surrounding edema. On the other hand, intracranial abscesses are uncommon, serious and life-threatening infections. On MRI, restricted water diffusion, in ring-enhancing lesions, is typical of brain abscesses. We report a challenging case of a 3-year-old boy presenting with fever, severe headache, somnolence and neck stiffness. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed high white blood cell count and the brain MRI showed two lesions evoking abscesses with multiple areas of vasogenic edema. Six days later and due to the persistence of the somnolence with a gait disturbance despite antibiotic therapy, a follow-up MRI showed a better delineation of the vasogenic edema that now evokes ADEM lesions with regression of the two lesions evoking abscesses. Diagnostic considerations were brainstem abscesses or ADEM or an association between them. However, no association between these two entities has been reported in the literature. Because first MRI lesions were typical of abscesses, the diagnosis of an association between brain abscesses and ADEM was retained. The patient was treated with high doses of steroids that drastically and promptly improved his condition and the antibiotic therapy was continued for 4 weeks despite the absence of bacterial growth on CSF culture. In conclusion, we report here a first case of an association between brain abscesses and ADEM in a child with a good evolution after treatment. The differential diagnosis could be atypical MRI images of ADEM that resembled abscesses. Int J Clin Pediatr. 2019;8(2):41-44 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/ijcp339
Unconfirmed Sightings Of An ‘Ordinary Language’ Theory Of Language

It is unfortunate that Francis Y. Lin, in ‘Chomsky on the “ordinary language” view of language’ pays little attention to his own remark, ‘Chomsky’s criticisms make us realize that we should not be content with general and vague formulations of convention, ability, and so on. We must make such notions precise and provide details’ Lin speaks so imprecisely and provides so few details of notions on which he relies heavily, such as ‘general learning mechanism’ and ‘sentence frame’, that readers must employ large amounts of guesswork to place even a halfway specific interpretation on his proposals and claims.
Integrating Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion into a Simulation Program

Abstract Background To promote patient-centered care, nursing education must broadly address diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI). Method Needs assessment data were collected from faculty and students via online surveys and focus groups. Results Students rated simulations as moderately effective in addressing DEI. Focus group themes included increased visibility, sensitive/accurate representation, addressing DEI through instructional methods, and organizational accountability. Conclusion(s) Strategic actions were developed to integrate DEI throughout the simulation program: using a cultural humility framework, partnership with diverse communities, instructional strategies, and organizational accountability. This exemplar provides practical steps for those who also aim to broadly integrate DEI into a simulation program.
Comparing Video Modeling to Teacher-Led Modeling for Algebra Instruction with Students with Learning Disabilities

Students with a mathematics learning disability face many challenges learning algebraic curricula. To support this population, targeted supplementary instruction beyond what is provided by a classr...
Biogeography & environmental conditions shape bacteriophage-bacteria networks across the human microbiome

Viruses and bacteria are critical components of the human microbiome and play important roles in health and disease. Most previous work has relied on studying bacteria and viruses independently, thereby reducing them to two separate communities. Such approaches are unable to capture how these microbial communities interact, such as through processes that maintain community robustness or allow phage-host populations to co-evolve. We implemented a network-based analytical approach to describe phage-bacteria network diversity throughout the human body. We built these community networks using a machine learning algorithm to predict which phages could infect which bacteria in a given microbiome. Our algorithm was applied to paired viral and bacterial metagenomic sequence sets from three previously published human cohorts. We organized the predicted interactions into networks that allowed us to evaluate phage-bacteria connectedness across the human body. We observed evidence that gut and skin network structures were person-specific and not conserved among cohabitating family members. High-fat diets appeared to be associated with less connected networks. Network structure differed between skin sites, with those exposed to the external environment being less connected and likely more susceptible to network degradation by microbial extinction events. This study quantified and contrasted the diversity of virome-microbiome networks across the human body and illustrated how environmental factors may influence phage-bacteria interactive dynamics. This work provides a baseline for future studies to better understand system perturbations, such as disease states, through ecological networks.
Digital Humanities for Librarians

Emma Annette Wilson provides an essential and timely resource for academic librarians across ranks and specializations in Digital Humanities for Librarians. As digital humanities programs have beco...
Longitudinal change in fine motor skills after brain radiotherapy and in vivo imaging biomarkers associated with decline.

Background We explored fine motor skills (FMS) before and after brain radiotherapy (RT), analyzing associations between longitudinal FMS and imaging biomarkers of cortical and white matter (WM) integrity in motor regions of interest (ROIs). Methods On a prospective trial, 52 primary brain tumor patients receiving fractionated brain RT underwent volumetric brain MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and FMS assessments (Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Trail Making Test Motor Speed [DKEFS-MS], Grooved Pegboard Dominant Hands [PDH], and Grooved Pegboard Nondominant Hands [PNDH]) at baseline and 3-, 6-, and 12-month post-RT. Motor ROIs autosegmented included: sensorimotor cortices and superficial WM, corticospinal tracts, cerebellar cortices and WM, and basal ganglia. Volume (cc) was measured in all ROIs at each timepoint. Diffusion biomarkers (FA [fractional anisotropy] and MD [mean diffusivity]) were additionally measured in WM ROIs. Linear mixed-effects models assessed biomarkers as predictors of FMS scores. P values were corrected for multiple comparisons. Results Higher RT dose was associated with right paracentral cortical thinning (β = -2.42 Gy/(month × mm), P = .03) and higher right precentral WM MD (β = 0.69 Gy/(month × µm2/ms), P = .04). Higher left (β = 38.7 points/(month × µm2/ms), P = .004) and right (β = 42.4 points/(month × µm2/ms), P = .01) cerebellar WM MD, left precentral cortical atrophy (β = -8.67 points/(month × mm), P = .02), and reduced right cerebral peduncle FA (β = -0.50 points/month, P = .01) were associated with worse DKEFS-MS performance. Left precentral cortex thinning was associated with worse PDH scores (β = -17.3 points/(month × mm), P = .02). Left (β = -0.87 points/(month × cm3), P = .001) and right (β = -0.64 points/(month × cm3), P = .02) cerebellar cortex, left pons (β = -19.8 points/(month × cm3), P = .02), and right pallidum (β = -10.8 points/(month × cm3), P = .02) atrophy and reduced right internal capsule FA (β = -1.02 points/month, P = .03) were associated with worse PNDH performance. Conclusions Biomarkers of microstructural injury in motor-associated brain regions were associated with worse FMS. Dose avoidance in these areas may preserve FMS.
Role of a Focused Ambulatory Pain Physician

As surgeries in Ambulatory Surgery Centers continue to rise, increasingly complex procedures are performed, requiring greater expertise among anesthesiologists practicing at these centers. With uncontrolled pain and nausea being the two most important factors accounting for delayed discharge from the PostAnesthesia Care Unit, it is incumbent upon these centers to address these issues to remain viable as cost-effective providers of quality care. Untreated postoperative pain has been shown to adversely affect morbidity and mortality, delay early mobilization, and lead to chronic pain states requiring long-term opioid therapy with its attendant risks of dependence, addiction, and even death from opioid use disorder. There is ample evidence that multimodal pain treatment strategies can effectively treat pain reducing the dependence on opioids and improve patient satisfaction and outcomes while keeping cost down. An Ambulatory Pain Physician well-versed in these techniques can coordinate care throughout the perioperative phase optimizing patient care.
SLAP Tear Diagnosis and Management

SLAP tears are commonly encountered and recognized source of dysfunction in the shoulder. In recent years there has been an increase in the number of surgeries performed to treat these injuries. SLAP tears can also be found in conjunction with other shoulder pathology, and it is important to distinguish whether these tears contribute to shoulder dysfunction or represent an incidental finding. Likewise, it is important to account for patient-specific factors including sports, demands of the patient, age, and activity when offering treatment options to patients. Because of this, clinicians must have a thorough understanding of anatomy, pathogenesis, clinical evaluation, imaging, treatment options, and outcomes associated with SLAP tears.
You Are What You Assess: The Case for Emphasizing Chemistry on Chemistry Assessments.

What we emphasize and reward on assessments signals to students what matters to us. Accordingly, a great deal of scholarship in chemistry education has focused on defining the sorts of performances worth assessing. Here, we unpack observations we made while analyzing what “success” meant across three large-enrollment general chemistry environments. We observed that students enrolled in two of the three environments could succeed without ever connecting atomic/molecular behavior to how and why phenomena happen. These environments, we argue, were not really “chemistry classes” but rather opportunities for students to gain proficiency with a jumble of skills and factual recall. However, one of the three environments dedicated 14–57% of points on exams to items with the potential to engage students in using core ideas (e.g., energy, bonding interactions) to predict, explain, or model observable events. This course, we argue, is more aligned with the intellectual work of the chemical sciences than the other two. If our courses assess solely (or largely) decontextualized skills and factual recall we risk (1) gating access to STEM careers on the basis of facility with skills most students will never use outside the classroom and (2) never allowing students to experience the tremendous predictive and explanatory power of atomic/molecular models. We implore the community to reflect on whether “what counts” in the courses we teach aligns with the performances we actually value.