cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The heavy-section steel technology pressurized-thermal-shock experiment, PTSE-1

Abstract A pressurized-thermal-shock (PTS) facility was developed in the Heavy-Section Steel Technology Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for performing experiments that challenge predictions of analytical methods applicable to full-scale reactor pressure vessels under combined loading. The first experiment (PTSE-1) was designed to address three principal issues: (1) warm-prestressing phenomena; (2) crack propagation from brittle to ductile regions; and (3) transient crack stabilization in ductile regions. The paper presents a description of the PTS facility at ORNL and a review of the objectives and results of the first test. Also included are elastodynamic finite-element analyses of the two crack run-arrest events that occurred in the second and third phases of the test. Finally, some conclusions and recommendations are presented based on the outcome of the first experiment.
THE SELECTIVE TRANSPORT OF MATERNAL PLASMA. PROTEINS ACROSS THE MAMMARY GLAND

Colostrum and milk are relatively rich in antibodies, frequently in higher titers than are present in the maternal circulation. To study the selectivity and the mechanisms of protein transport across the mammary gland, purified proteins were labeled with 131I, and injected intravenously into non-lactating mice and into lactating mice after parturition. All animals including the sucklings were assayed at intervals for total body radioactivity. The transmammary transfer rate of a given protein was measured as the difference in the disappearance rates for that protein between lactating and non-lactating mice, and confirmed by the uptake of labeled protein via milk by the sucklings. Of the proteins studied, human IgA with and without attached secretory piece, human IgG and bovine IgG were most actively transported. Mouse IgG and human transferrin were also transferred into milk, but to a lesser degree than human IgG. There was little transmammary passage of human albumin or human IgG light chains. The data indicate that the selectivity of the mammary gland in its permeability to maternal plasma proteins is quite different from that exhibited by the placenta. In addition, although some investigators attribute transport properties to the “secretory piece” found attached to IgA in various secretions including milk, this is not supported by the present data, since IgA without secretory piece traversed the mammary gland as readily as did IgA with secretory piece.
Immunologic function during adjuvant BCG immunotherapy for malignant melanoma: Induction of anergy

Serial tests of immunological function were performed on 28 patients participating in a randomized controlled clinical trial of adjuvant Tice-stain BCG immunotherapy administered by tine technique for malignant melanoma. Cryopreserved lymphocyte samples obtained prior to study entry and at 3 and 6 months there-after were tested by mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), cell-mediated lympholysis (CML), antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (K cell), and natural killing (NK cell) assays, the last two assays being performed with the Chang cell line. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin tests to recall antigens were performed at the same intervals. At entry to the study in vitro lymphocyte reactivity of patients was similar to that of normal controls, and most (75%) of the patients reacted to at least one recall antigen. Serial lymphocyte reactivity measured by the in vitro tests was not different in the BCG and control groups, but BCG treatment was associated with a marked, statistically significant (P<0.01) reduction in DTH skin test reactivity. BCG therapy was not shown to delay recurrence of the disease.
Sparsely sampled Fourier ptychography

Fourier ptychography (FP) is an imaging technique that applies angular diversity functions for high-resolution complex image recovery. The FP recovery routine switches between two working domains: the spectral and spatial domains. In this paper, we investigate the spectral-spatial data redundancy requirement of the FP recovery process. We report a sparsely sampled FP scheme by exploring the sampling interplay between these two domains. We demonstrate the use of the reported scheme for bypassing the high-dynamic-range combination step in the original FP recovery routine. As such, it is able to shorten the acquisition time of the FP platform by ~50%. As a special case of the sparsely sample FP, we also discuss a sub-sampled scheme and demonstrate its application in solving the pixel aliasing problem plagued in the original FP algorithm. We validate the reported schemes with both simulations and experiments. This paper provides insights for the development of the FP approach.
NMR evidence for an acetylcholine ATP complex.

Abstract The interaction of acetylcholine with ATP was studied using proton NMR. T 1 measurements indicate the formation of a complex with a probable composition of four (4) acetylcholine molecules for each ATP molecule.
Transient inhibition of rubidium-86 transport in Ehrlich ascites-tumor cells by glucose

Abstract 1. 1. The deviations from steady-state accumulation of 86Rb+ in Ehrlich ascites-tumor cells were followed. This technique provides a sensitive measure of changes in the rate of active ion transport. 2. 2. The addition of glucose caused a reversible inhibition of pumping of 86Rb+, which could be correlated to a simultaneous drop in the ATP content of the cells. 3. 3. In experiments with cell fractional volumes above 12%, little or no effect of glucose on the ATP concentration of the cells could be demonstrated. In these instances, an immediate stimulation of the transport was seen instead of a transient inhibition. The difference between the two groups of experiments was ascribed to the possible partial anoxia in the dense cell suspensions. 4. 4. The steady-state levels of 86Rb+ accumulation compared to the simultaneous intracellular concentrations of ATP after glucose addition supports the hypothesis of at least two intracellular compartments of ATP. 5. 5. From experiments with addition of oligomycin it was concluded that the ion transport can proceed by glycolysis even when oxidative rephosphorylation of ATP is inhibited. No direct coupling between the transport and oxidative phosphorylation was demonstrated. 6. 6. Oligomycin is shown to have a slight inhibitory effect on the influx of 86Rb+ into human erythrocytes. The effect is similar to the inhibition of active K+ transport in erythrocytes as reported by other investigators.
Vocal warm-up practices and perceptions in vocalists: a pilot survey.

Summary Objectives Investigated in a pilot study the type, duration, and frequency of vocal warm-up regimens in the singing community using a survey. Methods One hundred seventeen participants completed an online survey. Participants included voice students from undergraduate, masters, and doctoral music programs and professional singers. Results Fifty-four percent of participants reported always using vocal warm-up before singing. Twenty-two percent of the participants used vocal cool down. The most preferred warm-up duration was of 5–10 minutes in duration. Despite using vocal warm-up, 26% of the participants reported experiencing voice problems. Females tended to use vocal warm-up more frequently than males. Females also tended to use longer warm-up sessions than males. Education of the participants did not appear to have any noticeable effect on the vocal warm-up practices. The most commonly used singing warm-up exercises were ascending/descending five-note scales, ascending/descending octave scales, legato arpeggios, and glissandi.
First flow-thru analysis in ecosystem studies

Abstract We conduct a first flow-thru analysis of carbon transfer for a small hypothetical ecosystem. Material transfers are derived in an iterative non-duplicative manner such that all the material in the network is accounted for. This non-cyclic procedure is based on exhaustive search and data management rather than matrix manipulation. In addition to evaluating direct and indirect effects, the roles of each entity as entry, mediator, and receptor of carbon are quantified.
Neutron scattering study of the structural phase transition in NbO2

Neutron scattering from a single crystal of NbO2 shows the existence of a second order phase transformation at Tc = 808 ± 2°C, which coincides with the change from semiconducting to metallic coductivity. Critical scattering is observed above Tc due to a soft mode in the high temperature rutile phase with wave vector qp = (14, 14, 12). Below Tc the soft mode distortions appear in the static structure with amplitude ηp(T). Superlattice reflections are observed to be of two types with intensity proportional to ηp(T)2 or ηp(T)4 depending upon the relation of the superlattice wave vector to that of the distortion, qp.
The Impact of Component Pricing of Soybeans and Milk: Comment

ponent pricing of these commodities are small (p. 454). The application to soybeans appears well conceived and the results reasonable (see also Updaw). The use of the same model to analyze the effects of component pricing of milk, however, contains a significant perceptual error which biases the estimated equilibrium effects toward zero. The purpose of this comment is to identify this error and its effect on conclusions about the economic
The cathode design problem in electrochemical machining

Prior procedures for cathode (tool) design in electrochemical machining have been plagued by limited applicability, inaccuracy, and nonconvergence. We develop and test a new approach to this problem which overcomes these difficulties by employing a finite element method within an optimization formulation. A least-squares minimization of the deviation of the simulated anode (workpiece) shape from that desired is performed, yielding a set of parameters in a predefined representation which uniquely define an optimal cathode shape. Cathode shapes are designed to produce a variety of anode shapes, even anode profiles with nearly discontinuous slope have been obtained.
Effects of neonatal stunting on the development of rats: early and late effects of neonatal cortisone on physical growth and skeletal maturation.

Effects of Neonatal Stunting on the Development of Rats: Early and Late Effects of Neonatal Cortisone on Physical Growth and Skeletal Maturation
Determination of Uranium in Seventeen CRPG Rock Reference Samples by Independent Nuclear Methods

Instrumental epithermal neutron activation analysis and delayed neutron assay have both been used to measure uranium in CRPG reference samples. Excellent agreement between the methods was achieved. Results are compared with data from other laboratories.
New perspectives in the assessment of cardiac chamber dimensions during development and adulthood.

Abstract The use of body surface area to assess the normalcy of cardiac dimensions has several limitations. To determine whether cardiac dimensions can be assessed by other indexes of body size and growth, this study evaluated the relations between cardiac dimensions assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography and age, height, weight and body surface area. The study group included 268 normal persons aged 6 days to 76 years of age. The dimensions examined included the aortic anulus, left atrium and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, each measured in the parasternal long-axis plane, and left ventricular length measured from the apical two-chamber view. The analysis confirmed that the heart and great vessels grow in unison and at a predictable rate after birth, reaching 50% of their adult dimensions at birth, 75% by 5 years and 90% by 12 years. Although each cardiac dimension related linearly with height (aortic anulus, r = 0.96; left atium, r = 0.91; left ventricular diameter, r = 0.94; left ventricular length, r = 0.93), the relations among age, weight and body surface area were best expressed by quadratic equations. Multiple regression confirmed that after adjustment for height, other indexes including age, gender, weight and body surface area had no independent effect on the prediction of each dimension. Therefore, because height is a nonderived variable that relates linearly with cardiac dimensions independent of age, it offers a simple yet accurate means of assessing the normalcy of cardiac dimensions in children and adults.
Ethnic Resources Utilization of Korean Immigrant Entrepreneurs in the Chicago Minority Area.

A high proportion of Korean immigrants are currently engaged in self-employed small business in the United States. In light of their business proliferation, this study has empirically investigated ...
The effects of corrugation and wing planform on the aerodynamic force production of sweeping model insect wings

The effects of corrugation and wing planform (shape and aspect ratio) on the aerodynamic force production of model insect wings in sweeping (rotating after an initial start) motion at Reynolds number 200 and 3500 at angle of attack 40° are investigated, using the method of computational fluid dynamics. A representative wing corrugation is considered. Wing-shape and aspect ratio (AR) of ten representative insect wings are considered; they are the wings of fruit fly, cranefly, dronefly, hoverfly, ladybird, bumblebee, honeybee, lacewing (forewing), hawkmoth and dragonfly (forewing), respectively (AR of these wings varies greatly, from 2.84 to 5.45). The following facts are shown. (1) The corrugated and flat-plate wings produce approximately the same aerodynamic forces. This is because for a sweeping wing at large angle of attack, the length scale of the corrugation is much smaller than the size of the separated flow region or the size of the leading edge vortex (LEV). (2) The variation in wing shape can have considerable effects on the aerodynamic force; but it has only minor effects on the force coefficients when the velocity at r 2 (the radius of the second moment of wing area) is used as the reference velocity; i.e. the force coefficients are almost unaffected by the variation in wing shape. (3) The effects of AR are remarkably small: when AR increases from 2.8 to 5.5, the force coefficients vary only slightly; flowfield results show that when AR is relatively large, the part of the LEV on the outer part of the wings sheds during the sweeping motion. As AR is increased, on one hand, the force coefficients will be increased due to the reduction of 3-dimensional flow effects; on the other hand, they will be decreased due to the shedding of part of the LEV; these two effects approximately cancel each other, resulting in only minor change of the force coefficients.
A novel method for determining equilibrium constants. CTP:phosphorylcholine cytidyltransferase

Abstract A novel method for the determination of equilibrium constants for reversible reactions is described. The method is based on the measurement of initial velocities of isotope transfer for a given substrate-product pair of both the forward and reverse reactions as a function of the mass action of reactants. The reciprocal values of these initial velocities are plotted against the mass action ratios of reactants. The observed K eq is the abscissa of the intersection point of these reciprocal plots, i.e. the mass action ratio at which the initial velocities of isotope transfer for both the forward and reverse reaction are identical, that is, when isotope exchange is occurring. In this manner, an observed K eq of 0.2 was obtained from CTP:phosphorylcholine cytidyltransferase (CTP:cholinephosphate cytidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.15) at 37°C and pH 7.5 under physiological conditions 1.0 mM free Mg2+ and 0.15 M salt concentration. A comparison of this value with the in vivo mass action of reactants calculated from published data indicates that this reaction is rate-limiting in the rat liver (Infante, J.P. (1977) Biochem. J. 167, 847–849).
Effect of chelating agents on plasmodium formation by the true slime mould, Didymium nigripes.

SPORES of Didymium nigripes, a true slime mould, germinate to liberate myxamœbae which multiply by binary fission. After a period of exponential growth, the uninucleate myxamœbae fuse to form macroscopic, multinucleate veins of rhythmically flowing protoplasm called plasmodia. Following an indefinite period of growth, the plasmodia differentiate into spore-containing fruiting bodies. Kerr and Sussman1 grew D. nigripes in monoxenic culture with Aerobacter aerogenes on a dilute glucose–peptone–yeast extract agar medium buffered with phosphate at pH 6.2 (hereafter called GPY/5). All stages of the life-cycle were regularly reproduced in less than 7 days. When 0.25 per cent (w/v) brucine was added to the GPY/5, plasmodia did not appear. Instead, the myxamœbae remained indefinitely as such and could be sub-cultured as amœbae The myxamœbae quickly formed plasmodia when harvested from the GPY/5-brucine plates and washed by differential centrifugation.
Patterns of variation in the ontogeny of primate body size dimorphism

Abstract This study investigates variability in the ontogeny of sexual dimorphism in body weight in anthropoid primates. Specifically, the hypothesis that the ontogenetic bases of dimorphism vary in primates is tested with a large comparative sample. This sample allows both specification of the range of variability in patterns of dimorphic growth and careful examination of some correlates of ontogenetic variability. The analysis is based on body weight growth in 45 species of captive primates. Growth curves are estimated for each sex in each species using a non-parametric regression technique (locally weighted least squares regression). These regressions facilitate estimation of the degree of differences in age at body weight maturation, the proportion of total adult dimorphism arising from sex differences in rate of growth, and the proportion of total dimorphism attributable to sex differences in duration of growth. Primates show great diversity in how adult weight dimorphism develops. Although males tend to reach adult weight later than females, cases in which rate differences are exclusively responsible for body weight dimorphism are observed. More generally, sex differences in both rate and duration of growth occur together to produce dimorphism, but these differences may occur independently. Relationships between these processes and size appear complex, as do relations between these processes and dimorphism. These results suggest that primates have evolved a number of developmental pathways that lead to similar levels of adult dimorphism. It is expected that male patterns of growth respond primarily to sexual selection, but that female patterns of growth respond to natural selection.
Left ventricular non‐compaction on MRI in a patient with 22q11.2 distal deletion

We report on a 22-year-old male carrying a presumptive clinical diagnosis of Dubowitz-like phenotype who has been followed-up by cardiology for bicuspid aortic valve with ascending aorta and aortic root dilatation. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) confirmed these findings, along with an incidental finding of left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC). Genetic workup revealed the diagnosis of 22q11.2 distal deletion encompassing the BCR gene. This is the first time LVNC has been reported in a patient with 22q11.2 distal deletion. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Beyond numeracy in preschool: Adding patterns to the equation

Abstract Patterns are a pervasive and important, but understudied, component of early mathematics knowledge. In a series of three studies, we explored (a) growth in children's pattern knowledge over the pre-K year (N = 65), (b) the frequency of pattern activities reported by parents (n = 20) and teachers (n = 5) relative to other mathematical activities, and (c) changes in 4-year-old children's pattern knowledge after brief experience generating or receiving explanations on patterns (N = 124). Together, these studies illustrate the types of experiences preschool children are receiving with patterns and how their pattern knowledge changes over time and in response to explanation. Young children are able to succeed on a more sophisticated pattern activity than they are frequently encouraged to do at home or at school.
Somatically mutated member of the human VλVIII gene family encodes anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) activity

Abstract A highly conserved small family of human V λ genes was identified by DNA homology to a V λ gene isolated from a patient with demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, and which encodes an autoantibody with anti-MAG activity. Comparison of the genes indicates that the patient V λ gene was derived from one of the germline genes. Together with published analyses of other anti-MAG IgM antibodies, which also appear to be mutated in comparison to known germline V genes, these results suggest that development of these pathogenic antibodies may reflect an antigen-driven, T cell-dependent process.
Evidence for Developmentally Programmed Transdifferentiation in Mouse Esophageal Muscle

Transdifferentiation is a relatively rare phenomenon in which cells of one differentiated type and function switch to a second discrete identity. In vertebrate embryos, smooth muscle and skeletal muscle are distinct tissues that arise from separate compartments of the mesoderm. The musculature of the mouse esophagus was found to undergo a conversion from smooth muscle in the fetus to skeletal muscle during early postnatal development. The switch from smooth to skeletal muscle features the transitory appearance of individual cells expressing a mixed phenotype, which suggests that this conversion is a result of programmed transdifferentiation.
Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx.

Abstract Expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been demonstrated in normal and malignant squamous epithelia. Its presence has been suggested to be important in the pathophysiology and prognosis of epithelial cancers. Archival tumour specimens from 57 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx were studied using OM-11-951, a new murine anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody which recognizes the receptor on deparaffinized tissue. By visual inspection, 28 (49%) tumours were EGFR negative; 29 (51%) tumours were EGFR positive. While patients whose tumours were EGFR positive were younger, there was no significant correlation with other clinical or pathological variables (including grade and stage). Patients whose tumours were EGFR negative had a median survival of 21 (95% CI 4.3–37.7) months compared with a median survival of 17 (95% CI 11.4–22) months for patients whose tumours were EGFR positive. The difference was not statistically significant. A multiple regression analysis did not demonstrate EGFR status to be important in predicting survival. These data cast doubt on the prognostic significance of EGFR expression in this neoplasm.
Time-resolved polarized photoluminescence spectroscopy of confined donors in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum wells

Abstract We report on the recombination dynamics of band edge photoluminescence (PL) in GaAs/Al x Ga 1-x As multiple quantum wells which have been selectively doped with Si donors at a variety of positions across the well. We observe PL lines associated with the ground state n = 1 light and heavy hole exciton transitions, as well as several bound exciton states and a donor-to-continuum transition which occur below the dominant heavy hole excitons. The recombination lifetime of the donor-to-continuum (Si(c)→VB) transition is significantly longer than that measured for the excitonic transitions. The Si(c)→VB transition is 20 times longer than the lifetime of the hhX. This result clearly suggests that this line is not an exciton-related transition and may be consistent with what is expected for a localized donor-to-continuum transition. Measurements of the lifetime as a function of temperature and a measure of the recombination dynamics as a function of magnetic field support this conclusion.
Tributyltin is a potent inducer of the heat shock response in human diploid fibroblasts.

Submicromolar concentrations of tributyltin (TBT), a commercially used organotin compound, were found to induce the expression of several stress proteins, most notably HSP89 and HSP70, in IMR-90 human diploid fibroblats in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This induction can be demonstrated by quantitation of 1) synthesis of the heat shock proteins (HSPs), 2) relative abundance of mRNA of hsp70, and 3) transient expression of a human hsp70 promoter driven reporter gene. TBT also increased the abundance of mRNA of heme oxygenase, whereas heat shock was without effect. Analysis of protein binding to a consensus heat shock element (HSE)by electrophoretic mobility shift assay suggests that the induction of the heat shock response by TBT was attributable to activation of the heat shock transcription factor (HSTF). © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Paper Chromatographic Study of Diffusible Auxin.

It is difficult to relate extractable auxin directly to the growth of plant tissues. The diffusible auxin, on the other hand, can be correlated with the growth in younger stem tissues (2, 6). The chemical nature of this important substance is poorly characterized. Using paper chromatography Raadts and Soding (5) identified part of the diffusible auxin from the Avena coleoptile tip as IAA and reported the presence of another diffusible auxin (Wanderung auxin). By paper chromatography Shibaoka and Yamaki (9) could not find the Wanderung auxin. They found only IAA. The diffusible auxin from sunflower leaf (8) and Coleus stem tip (7) has been reported to be IAA also by paper chromatography. The present study was undertaken to examine the nature of diffusible auxin in etiolated and green plants, and to determine the effect of light on the diffusible auxin.
Agonists at μ-Opioid Receptors Spin the Wheels to Keep the Action Going

A study in this issue of Molecular Pharmacology on agonist-induced internalization of μ-opioid receptors during long-term opiate drug exposure is discussed. The study demonstrates the critical role of re-cycling of reactivated μ receptors back to the plasma membrane for the maintenance of agonist signaling during long-term opiate exposure.
Intrusion-resilient, DDoS-resistant and agent-assisted network security system

DoS/DDoS attack is a prevalent problem to an authentication server, which is used to guard firewalls, virtual private networks and wired/wireless networks. The sticking point of this problem is the computation needed to distinguish the legitimate users and attackers. In this paper, a new intrusion-resilient network security system is proposed to defend against DoS/DDoS attack. We implement this authentication scheme in Java and run the simulation using OPNET.
In vivo and in vitro methylation of lysine residues of Euglena gracilis histone H1.

We have earlier identified and purified two protein-lysine N-methyltransferases (Protein methylase III) fromEuglena gracilis [J. Biol. Chem.,260, 7114 (1985)]. The enzymes were highly specific toward histone H1 (lysine-rich), and the enzymatic products were identified as e-N-mono-, di- and trimethyllysines. These earlier studies, however, were carried out with rat liver histone H1 as thein vitro substrate. Presently, histone H1 has been purified fromEuglena gracilis through Bio-Rex 70 and Bio-Gel P-100 column chromatography. TheEuglena histone H1 showed a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and behaved like other histone H1 of higher animals, whereas it had a much higherR f value than the other histones H1 in acid/urea gel electrophoresis. When theEuglena histone H1 was [methyl-3H]-labeledin vitro by a homologous enzyme (one of the twoEuglena protein methylase III) and analyzed on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, three distinctive subtypes of histone H1 were shown to be radiolabeled, whereas five subtypes of rat liver histone H1 were found to be labeled. Finally, by the combined use of a strong cation exchange and reversed-phase Resolve C18 columns on HPLC, we demonstrated thatEuglena histone H1 contains approximately 9 mol% of e-N-methyllysines (1.40, 1.66, and 5.62 mol% for e-N-mono-, di- and trimethyllysines, respectively). This is the first demonstration of the natural occurrence of e-N-methyllysines in histone H1.
ASSOCIATION OF DIVALENT IONS WITH PROTEINS OF THE YEAST PLASMA MEMBRANE

The plasma membrane of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis was isolated by lysis of protoplasts and purified by ultracentrifugation in a discontinuous sucrose gradient. Extraction of the purified membranes with buffer in the absence of Mg2+ released 80% of the membrane protein as macromolecular complexes. Solubilization of the membranes in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) caused the majority of the membrane protein to be dissociated from the membrane phospholipid, but after gel filtration some material appeared consistently as an SDS-stable lipo-protein, which aggregated to visible particles if the solubilizing detergent was removed, was not associated with Mg2+-ATPase. Calcium appeared to be involved in the linkage of membrane phospholipid to protein while the reaction of magnesium was at the protein-protein level. Calcium had high affinity of binding to the membrane proteins compared to magnesium ions. Potassium was loosely associated with all membrane proteins. On separation of the membranes by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 19 polypeptides were distinguished, with molecular weights from 185,000 to 14,000. At least 2 polypeptides with molecular weights of 17,000 and 14,000 were involved in the binding of divalent ions by the membrane.
Motion vector search window prediction in memory-constrained systems

The problem of accurate motion vector (MV) prediction with a small search window size for memory-constrained systems is studied in this work. The spatial and temporal correlations of MVs are first investigated. Then, two effective search window prediction algorithms are developed to determine the location, size, shape of a search window for each macroblock. The trade-off between the search window size/shape and distortion is analyzed. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed algorithms is demonstrated by experimental results.
Localization of cytochrome P-450 4A isoforms along the rat nephron

The expression of P-450 4A isoforms responsible for the formation of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) was examined using the reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction in various ...
Waveform iterative methods for parallel solution of initial value problems

The traditional approach for computing the solution to large systems of ordinary differential or differential-algebraic equations typically includes discretization in time with an implicit integration formula. The primary opportunity for parallelization is therefore limited to the linear system solution that is performed at each timestep. Waveform techniques, on the other hand, decompose the problem at the equation level and solve for different components of the system independently, using previous iterates from other processors as inputs. This approach is particularly well-suited for message-passing computing environments, especially those with high communication latency because synchronization and communication take place infrequently and communication consists of large packets of information. We present an MPI-based implementation of a waveform relaxation-based semiconductor device simulation program and provide experimental results using this program to solve the time dependent semiconductor drift-diffusion equations on a cluster of workstations. >
Operative management of a posterior semicircular canal dehiscence.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the operative management of posterior canal dehiscence. Methods: A transmastoid approach to and plugging of the posterior canal was performed for posterior semicircular canal dehiscence (PSCD). Results: Postoperatively, the patient exhibited improvement in conductive hearing loss and vestibular symptoms. Conclusions: PSCD can cause symptoms identical to that of superior semicircular canal dehiscence. Successful PSCD plugging can be performed without visualization of the actual area of dehiscence.
Methylation-Independent Aerotaxis Mediated by the Escherichia coli Aer Protein

Aer is a membrane-associated protein that mediates aerotactic responses in Escherichia coli. Its C-terminal half closely resembles the signaling domains of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), which undergo reversible methylation at specific glutamic acid residues to adapt their signaling outputs to homogeneous chemical environments. MCP-mediated behaviors are dependent on two specific enzymes, CheR (methyltransferase) and CheB (methylesterase). The Aer signaling domain contains unorthodox methylation sites that do not conform to the consensus motif for CheR or CheB substrates, suggesting that Aer, unlike conventional MCPs, might be a methylation-independent transducer. Several lines of evidence supported this possibility. (i) The Aer protein was not detectably modified by either CheR or CheB. (ii) Amino acid replacements at the putative Aer methylation sites generally had no deleterious effect on Aer function. (iii) Aer promoted aerotactic migrations on semisolid media in strains that lacked all four of the E. coli MCPs. CheR and CheB function had no influence on the rate of aerotactic movements in those strains. Thus, Aer senses and signals efficiently in the absence of deamidation or methylation, methylation changes, methylation enzymes, and methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins. We also found that chimeric transducers containing the PAS-HAMP sensing domain of Aer joined to the signaling domain and methylation sites of Tar, an orthodox MCP, exhibited both methylation-dependent and methylation-independent aerotactic behavior. The hybrid Aear transducers demonstrate that methylation independence does not emanate from the Aer signaling domain but rather may be due to transience of the cellular redox changes that are thought to trigger Aer-mediated behavioral responses.
Ordering an engagement ring.

In this issue of Molecular Cell , Tomko et al. (2010) establish that the six distinct ATPase subunits of the eukaryotic proteasome form a heterohexameric ring and resolve how the subunits are arranged within the ring.
Novel multi-band broadband planar wire antennas for wireless communication handheld terminals

A novel type of multi-band broadband antennas is developed for wireless handheld terminals. The broadband performance is achieved by introducing a small gap in a wire loop, whereas the multi-band operation is implemented by simultaneously exciting one or more additional antenna elements. The dual-band operation is obtained by employing a combination of a loop and a monopole while the triple-band antenna consists of a loop, a monopole, and an inverted-L antenna. It is found that the VSWR/spl les/2 bandwidths are 31% in band 1 and 55% in band 2 for the dual-band antenna, and 31% in band 1, 55% in band 2 and 38% in band 3 for the triple-band antenna. The bandwidths of the dual-band antennas can cover the frequency bands of all existing cellular mobile communication systems around the world, including AMPS/PCS in America, GSM/DCS in Europe, and PDC/PHS in Japan, the emerging 3G systems, and the 2.4 GHz WLAN systems, while the bandwidth of the triple-band antenna additionally covers the 5 GHz ISM bands for WLAN applications.
Sampling based sensor-network deployment

In this paper, we consider the problem of placing networked sensors in a way that guarantees coverage and connectivity. We focus on sampling based deployment and present algorithms that guarantee coverage and connectivity with a small number of sensors. We consider two different scenarios based on the flexibility of deployment. If deployment has to be accomplished in one step, like airborne deployment, then the main question becomes how many sensors are needed. If deployment can be implemented in multiple steps, then awareness of coverage and connectivity can be updated. For this case, we present incremental deployment algorithms, which consider the current placement to adjust the sampling domain. The algorithms are simple, easy to implement, and require a small number of sensors. We believe the concepts and algorithms presented in this paper provide a unifying framework for existing and future deployment algorithms, which consider many practical issues not considered in the present work.
Late Revision or Correction of Facial Trauma-Related Soft-Tissue Deformities

Surgical approaches used in accessing the facial skeleton for fracture repair are often the same as or similar to those used for cosmetic enhancement of the face. Rarely does facial trauma result in injuries that do not in some way affect the facial soft-tissue envelope either directly or as sequelae of the surgical repair. Knowledge of both skeletal and facial soft-tissue anatomy is paramount to successful clinical outcomes. Facial soft-tissue deformities can arise that require specific evaluation and management for correction. This article focuses on revision and correction of these soft-tissue-related injuries secondary to facial trauma.
Measurement of bio-impedance with a smart needle to confirm percutaneous kidney access

Purpose: The traditional method of percutaneous renal access requires freehand needle placement guided by C-arm fluoroscopy, ultrasonography, or computerized tomography. This approach provides limited objective means for verifying successful access. We developed an impedance based percutaneous Smart Needle system and successfully used it to confirm collecting system access in ex vivo porcine kidneys.Materials and Methods: The Smart Needle consists of a modified 18 gauge percutaneous access needle with the inner stylet electrically insulated from the outer sheath. Impedance is measured between the exposed stylet tip and sheath using Model 4275 LCR meter (Hewlett-Packard, Sunnyvale, California). An ex vivo porcine kidney was distended by continuous gravity infusion of 100 cm. water saline from a catheter passed through the parenchyma into the collecting system. The Smart Needle was gradually inserted into the kidney to measure depth precisely using a robotic needle placement system, while impedance was meas...
Are patients willing to participate in surveys

Nonadherence to medication virtually affects every branch of medicine (1). Nonadherence is a major contributor to patient morbidity and, consequently, preventable healthcare expense (2). Increasing...
Experimental evaluation of steel slit panel–frames for seismic resistance

The steel slit panel–frame is a new system for seismic resistance of buildings. The steel slit panels are bolted to beams which are simply connected to the columns. The steel slit panels are steel plates with rows of vertical slits forming a series of flexural members within the plate. The steel slit panels are designed to resist the entire lateral load and provide all the stiffness and energy dissipation in the system. The steel slit panel–frame system was studied via an experimental program, divided into two series of testing. The first series studied the fundamental characteristics of the steel slit panels, while the second series studied the behavior of the steel slit panels within the frame (i.e., behavior of the steel slit panel–frames). A concise introduction to the system is presented first, followed by the findings from the experimental study.
Inventory routing with continuous moves

The typical inventory routing problem deals with the repeated distribution of a single product from a single facility with an unlimited supply to a set of customers that can all be reached with out-and-back trips. Unfortunately, this is not always the reality. We introduce the inventory routing problem with continuous moves to study two important real-life complexities: limited product availabilities at facilities and customers that cannot be served using out-and-back tours. We need to design delivery tours spanning several days, covering huge geographic areas, and involving product pickups at different facilities. We develop an innovative randomized greedy algorithm, which includes linear programming based postprocessing technology, and we demonstrate its effectiveness in an extensive computational study.
An empirical examination of the stage theory of grief.

ContextThe stage theory of grief remains a widely accepted model of bereavement adjustment still taught in medical schools, espoused by physicians, and applied in diverse contexts. Nevertheless, the stage theory of grief has previously not been tested empirically.ObjectiveTo examine the relative magnitudes and patterns of change over time postloss of 5 grief indicators for consistency with the stage theory of grief.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsLongitudinal cohort study (Yale Bereavement Study) of 233 bereaved individuals living in Connecticut, with data collected between January 2000 and January 2003.Main Outcome MeasuresFive rater-administered items assessing disbelief, yearning, anger, depression, and acceptance of the death from 1 to 24 months postloss.ResultsCounter to stage theory, disbelief was not the initial, dominant grief indicator. Acceptance was the most frequently endorsed item and yearning was the dominant negative grief indicator from 1 to 24 months postloss. In models that take into account the rise and fall of psychological responses, once rescaled, disbelief decreased from an initial high at 1 month postloss, yearning peaked at 4 months postloss, anger peaked at 5 months postloss, and depression peaked at 6 months postloss. Acceptance increased throughout the study observation period. The 5 grief indicators achieved their respective maximum values in the sequence (disbelief, yearning, anger, depression, and acceptance) predicted by the stage theory of grief.ConclusionsIdentification of the normal stages of grief following a death from natural causes enhances understanding of how the average person cognitively and emotionally processes the loss of a family member. Given that the negative grief indicators all peak within approximately 6 months postloss, those who score high on these indicators beyond 6 months postloss might benefit from further evaluation.
An Unusual Case of the Nonketotic Hyperglycemic Syndrome During Childhood

The nonketotic hyperglycemic syndrome is rare during childhood and may occur as the initial manifestation of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or during an episode of gastroenteritis. In this article, we report an unusual case of this syndrome in a female infant who had atypically severe hyperglycemia in association with gastroenteritis. In addition, we provide a review of the literature and summarize the pathophysiologic mechanisms of the nonketotic hyperglycemic syndrome.
Dopamine’s Actions in Primate Prefrontal Cortex: Challenges for Treating Cognitive Disorders

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) elaborates and differentiates in primates, and there is a corresponding elaboration in cortical dopamine (DA). DA cells that fire to both aversive and rewarding stimuli likely project to the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC), signaling a salient event. Since 1979, we have known that DA has an essential influence on dlPFC working memory functions. DA has differing effects via D1 (D1R) versus D2 receptor (D2R) families. D1R are concentrated on dendritic spines, and D1/5R stimulation produces an inverted U-shaped dose response on visuospatial working memory performance and Delay cell firing, the neurons that generate representations of visual space. Optimal levels of D1R stimulation gate out “noise,” whereas higher levels, e.g., during stress, suppress Delay cell firing. These effects likely involve hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel opening, activation of GABA interneurons, and reduced glutamate release. Dysregulation of D1R has been related to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, and there is a need for new, lower-affinity D1R agonists that may better mimic endogenous DA to enhance mental representations and improve cognition. In contrast to D1R, D2R are primarily localized on layer V pyramidal cell dendrites, and D2/3R stimulation speeds and magnifies the firing of Response cells, including Response Feedback cells. Altered firing of Feedback neurons may relate to positive symptoms in schizophrenia. Emerging research suggests that DA may have similar effects in the ventrolateral PFC and frontal eye fields. Research on the orbital PFC in monkeys is just beginning and could be a key area for future discoveries.
Periplus Maris Erythraei 60

The Periplus Maris Erythraeiis a handbook written by an anonymous author in the second half of the first century A.D., for the use of merchants from Roman Egypt who traded with east Africa, Arabia, and India.1 In it the author devotes a good deal of space to the trade with India's west coast. He notes that there were two main commercial centres: one was Barygaza on the northwestern coast (44.15.4–7), and the other the twin ports of Muziris and Nelkynda on the southwestern (53.17.27–8), the area he calls Limyrike, more or less the equivalent of the Malabar coast. He spells out in detail what Barygaza imported and exported(49.16.20–31)and then does the same for Limyrike(56.18.16–28).
Transport theory for light propagation in biological tissue.

We study light propagation in biological tissue using the radiative transport equation. The Green’s function is the fundamental solution to the radiative transport equation from which all other solutions can be computed. We compute the Green’s function as an expansion in plane-wave modes. We calculate these plane-wave modes numerically using the discrete-ordinate method. When scattering is sharply peaked, calculating the plane-wave modes for the transport equation is difficult. For that case we replace it with the Fokker–Planck equation since the latter gives a good approximation to the transport equation and requires less work to solve. We calculate the plane-wave modes for the Fokker–Planck equation numerically using a finite-difference approximation. The method of computing the Green’s function for it is the same as for the transport equation. We demonstrate the use of the Green’s function for the transport and Fokker–Planck equations by computing the point-spread function in a half-space composed of a uniform scattering and absorbing medium.
Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation alters the 6-mo change in fat oxidation during sleep.

Background Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a family of positional and geometric isomers with 2 conjugated double bonds formed from linoleic acid and linolenic acid. CLA has a wide range of biological effects, including body fat reduction. Objective The aim of our study was to determine CLA's effects on energy expenditure, macronutrient utilization, and dietary fat oxidation in overweight adults after 6 mo of supplementation. Design We recruited 23 subjects from our main CLA efficacy study who were receiving either 4 g/d of 78% active CLA isomers (3.2 g/d: 39.2% cis-9,trans-11 and 38.5% trans-10,cis-12) or 4 g/d of safflower oil. Energy expenditure and substrate utilization were measured before and after 6 mo of CLA supplementation by using whole-room indirect calorimetry. Dietary fat oxidation was measured by using stable isotope-labeled oleate and palmitate. Results Our substudy detected a difference in the change in fat utilization between the CLA (4 +/- 8 g) and placebo (-7 +/- 11 g) groups during sleep after 6 mo of supplementation. In addition, the percentage of energy from protein was reduced during sleep in the CLA group (CLA: -3.3 +/- 2.6%; placebo: 0.3 +/- 5.7%). We also detected a difference in the change in energy expenditure during sleep (CLA: 0 +/- 38 kcal; placebo: -43 +/- 90 kcal). We did not detect a change in labeled dietary fat oxidation after 6 mo of CLA supplementation given with a breakfast meal. Conclusion Mixed isomer CLA supplementation, but not placebo, positively altered fat oxidation and energy expenditure during sleep.