cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reproductive effects of estrogenic and antiestrogenic chemicals on sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus)

Environmental estrogens can activate genes of the reproductive system, such as vitellogenin (VTG), a precursor to egg yolk protein, by activating the estrogen receptor (ER), whereas antiestrogens can inhibit ER activation. Adult lab-reared male sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) were exposed to estrogenic 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) and females to antiestrogenic cadmium (Cd), and the effects on four potential indicators of impaired reproductive function were examined: VTG in F0 male blood as sign of feminization, F0 generation fecundity/fertility, embryonic development/egg hatching/survival rate of F1 generation fry, and F0 gonadal histology. Mean VTG in the control, 11.5, 33.6, and 61.1 μg/L OP male fish were 0, 10.7, 38.7, and 65.6 mg/ml postexposure and 0, 2.5, 19.4, and 30.0 mg/ml postreproduction. A significant inverse relationship between increasing VTG in male blood and reproductive success of mating groups involving these males was shown, with higher OP decreasing percent viable eggs (fertility) by approximately 60%. Histology showed increased testis anomalies and decreased spermatozoa with increasing OP exposure. No effects on F1 embryonic development, egg hatching, or fry survival rate were observed. A significant decline in percent viable egg production involving Cd-exposed females occurred only when mated with OP-exposed males, with no eggs produced by fish exposed to the highest OP and Cd concentration. A three-week field exposure near a wastewater treatment plant outfall showed no elevated VTG in male plasma, but significantly higher total egg production per female per collection day (∼45%) was observed at the site furthest from the outfall.
First-principles calculations of step formation energies and step interactions on TiN(0 0 1)

Abstract We study the formation energies and repulsive interactions of monatomic steps on the TiN(0 0 1) surface, using density functional total-energy calculations. The calculated formation energy of [1 0 0] oriented steps agree well with recently reported experimental values; these steps are shown to have a rumpled structure, with the Ti atoms undergoing larger displacements than the N atoms. For steps that are parallel to [1 1 0], our calculations predict a nitrogen (N) termination, as the corresponding formation energy is several hundred meV/A smaller than that of Ti-terminated steps.
Inadvertent exposure to pornography on the Internet: Implications of peer-to-peer file-sharing networks for child development and families

This essay comprises testimony to the Congressional Committee on Government Reform. The Committee’s concern was the possibility of exposure to pornography when children and teens participate in peer-to-peer filesharing networks, which are extremely popular in these age groups. A review of the relevant literature led to three major conclusions: (1) Pornography and related sexual media can influence sexual violence, sexual attitudes, moral values, and sexual activity of children and youth. (2) Peer-to-peer file-sharing networks are part of an allpervasive sexualized media environment. This total environment, including file-sharing networks, leads to a tremendous amount of inadvertent and unintentional exposure of children and young people to pornography and other adult sexual media. Peer-to-peer networks and the Internet differ from other sexualized media in that young people construct important components of this sexualized environment themselves. (3) A warm and communicative parent–child relationship is the most important nontechnical means that parents can use to deal with the challenges of the sexualized media environment, including peer-to-peer file-sharing networks. In addition, open parent–child channels for communicating about sexual and media experiences, sex education at home or school, and parental participation with children on the Internet are constructive influences. For boys already at risk for antisocial behavior, parents should carefully monitor and severely limit access to pornography on file-sharing networks and elsewhere. D 2004 Published by Elsevier Inc.
Effects of Na+/Ca2+ exchange induced by SR Ca2+ release on action potentials and afterdepolarizations in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.

In cardiac cells, evoked Ca2+ releases or spontaneous Ca2+ waves activate the inward Na+/Ca2+ exchange current (INaCa), which may modulate membrane excitability and arrhythmogenesis. In this study,...
An Early Doctrinal Controversy in the Iranian School of Ismaʿili Thought and Its Implications

Abstract The controversy stemmed from Nasafi’s Ketāb al-Mahsul, wherein he introduced a pre-Fārābian version of Neo-Platonism into Ismaʿili cosmology, adapting it to Shiʿi-Ismaʿili doctrines. It provoked a sharp reaction among the Ismaʿili missionaries of Khorasan. Rāzi, an accomplished theologian and Nasafi’s contemporary, wrote his Ketāb al-Eslāh mending Nasafi’s errors. This led Sejestāni to defend the views of his teacher Nasafi and rebut Rāzi’s arguments in his Ketāb al-Nosra. Kermāni tried to reconcile the debate from a vantage point of post-Fārābian philosophy in his Ketāb al-Riāz. The controversy demonstrates that even a difference of opinion concerning major doctrinal issues was tolerated and resolved by scholarly debate.
Swidden Agriculture and Conservation in Eastern Madagascar: Stakeholder Perspectives and Cultural Belief Systems

This paper describes and discusses several stakeholders' perspe c- tives of agricultural change in eastern Madagascar. The historic and current government-sponsored attempts to facilitate the end of swidden agriculture in eastern Madagascar have largely failed due to particular cultural beliefs held by the rural farmers. The Malagasy government is implementing seve ral agri- cultural and social policies designed to promote biodiversity conservation and increase crop yields to meet the icreased needs of the rising human population. One key aspect of planned agricultural change ignored by the Malagasy government is the impact this change will have on the rural farm- ers' belief system connected with their traditional agriculture , tavy (swidden agriculture as termed and practised by the Malagasy). As the current plan of the Malagasy government stands, only the political, ag ricultural, ecological, and economic problems of the agricultural change are part of policymaking. In addition to perspectives from government-sponsored programmes, eco- nomic and cultural viewpoints from local rice sellers and rural farmers are presented.
Blind Source Separation Techniques for Harmonic Current Source Estimation

Estimation of harmonic sources in power systems is difficult because of modeling issues of the power system parameters in harmonic domain and because of the cost of instrumentation for harmonic measurements. Blind source separation techniques are used to estimate the harmonic current sources without knowledge of network topology and parameters. This contribution provides an overview of the application of a blind source separation technique called independent component analysis to harmonic source estimation
The genetic epidemiology of parental discipline.

Background. Previous studies of parental discipline have identified little influence of heritability on parental control, and some influence of gene–environment correlations, shared environment and child temperament.Method. Using interview data from 2003 female twins from a population-based twin registry and 1472 of their parents, we examined reports of parental discipline from four perspectives: (1) father and mother reporting separately on the type of discipline they provided for their offspring; (2) each twin reporting on the type of discipline they received from their parents; (3) each parent reporting on the discipline provided by their spouse; and, (4) each twin reporting on the discipline they provided for their own offspring. Using factor analysis and univariate structural equation modelling, we examined the structure of parental discipline, and the genetic and environmental influences thereon.Results. The seven discipline items yielded two factors, physical discipline and limit setting, which were moderately positively correlated. Parents perceived discipline as largely a common environmental experience for the twins, whereas the twins indicated that discipline was influenced by unique environmental factors and the genotype of the child. Twins as parents indicated no influence of shared environment on discipline, with the majority of influence accounted for by non- shared environment and parental genotype.Conclusions. Parents recall providing similar discipline to their children, whereas children emphasize the differences in parental discipline. Sources of individual variation in parental discipline vary according to which family member report is examined. In total, parental discipline is partially influenced by the genotype of both the parent and child, and by environmental factors shared by the twins and unique to the individual.
Programming Irrigation for Greater Efficiency

Programming irrigation for greater efficiency implies maximizing water use efficiency. However, though this in itself is an important objective for water deficient areas, the farm manager or owner is more interested in maximizing his net income by optimum use of irrigation water, fertilizers, and other inter-related inputs. Fortunately, if maximum net income is achieved, optimum water use efficiency usually has also been attained. More progress toward greater efficiency can be expected by working toward the goal of greater net income rather than greater water use efficiency, per se.
Action Research in EdD Programs in Educational Leadership.

This exploratory study gathered information about the use of action research within doctor of education programs in educational leadership and explored faculty understanding of and perspectives on action research. Survey data established that action research is used infrequently to meet dissertation requirements. Contributing factors include lack of clarity regarding the nature of action research (AR) and concerns about methodological legitimacy. Because the development of collaborative leadership skills and the pursuit of social justice objectives are inherent to the action research process, these results call for additional discussion regarding this distinctive methodology and its role in the preparation of educational leaders at the doctoral level.
Network deployment of radiation detectors with physics-based detection probability calculations

We describe a model for deploying radiation detectors on a transportation network consisting of two adversaries: a nuclear-material smuggler and an interdictor. The interdictor first installs the detectors. These installations are transparent to the smuggler, and are made under an uncertain threat scenario, which specifies the smuggler’s origin and destination, the nature of the material being smuggled, the manner in which it is shielded, and the mechanism by which the smuggler selects a route. The interdictor’s goal is to minimize the probability the smuggler evades detection. The performance of the detection equipment depends on the material being sensed, geometric attenuation, shielding, cargo and container type, background, time allotted for sensing and a number of other factors. Using a stochastic radiation transport code (MCNPX), we estimate detection probabilities for a specific set of such parameters, and inform the interdiction model with these estimates.
Almost disjoint sets and Martin's axiom

We present a number of results involving almost disjoint sets and Martin's axiom. Included is an example, due to K. Kunen, of a c.c.c. partial order without property K whose product with every c.c.c. partial order is c.c.c.
Trypanosomes Expressing a Mosaic Variant Surface Glycoprotein Coat Escape Early Detection by the Immune System

Host resistance to African trypanosomiasis is partially dependent on an early and strong T-independent B-cell response against the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat expressed by trypanosomes. The repetitive array of surface epitopes displayed by a monotypic surface coat, in which identical VSG molecules are closely packed together in a uniform architectural display, cross-links cognate B-cell receptors and initiates T-independent B-cell activation events. However, this repetitive array of identical VSG epitopes is altered during the process of antigenic variation, when former and nascent VSG proteins are transiently expressed together in a mosaic surface coat. Thus, T-independent B-cell recognition of the trypanosome surface coat may be disrupted by the introduction of heterologous VSG molecules into the coat structure. To address this hypothesis, we transformed Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense LouTat 1 with the 117 VSG gene from Trypanosoma brucei brucei MiTat 1.4 in order to produce VSG double expressers; coexpression of the exogenous 117 gene along with the endogenous LouTat 1 VSG gene resulted in the display of a mosaic VSG coat. Results presented here demonstrate that the host's ability to produce VSG-specific antibodies and activate B cells during early infection with VSG double expressers is compromised relative to that during infection with the parental strain, which displays a monotypic coat. These findings suggest a previously unrecognized mechanism of immune response evasion in which coat-switching trypanosomes fail to directly activate B cells until coat VSG homogeneity is achieved. This process affords an immunological advantage to trypanosomes during the process of antigenic variation.
Lung Cancer: The Nursing Challenge for the Next Millennium.

syndromes can occur with lung cancer. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), Cushing’s syndrome, hypercalcemia, periostial proliferation, and superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) are complications for which nurses must assess and educate patients and families to prevent further sequelae and to help maintain an optimal quality of life. Symptom management is an important component in helping lung cancer patients deal with their illness and treatment. Nurses must assess, educate, and assist patients in coping with psychosocial issues and problem symptoms such as cough, pain, dyspnea, hemopytosis, and wheezing. The major challenge of lung cancer for nurses is in the area of prevention and cessation education. Nurses must be aware of the physiologic, political, and cost issues associated with smoking and lung cancer so that they can become active professional, public, and patient educators in the fight against cancer.
Enhanced sensitivity of an antibody competitive blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using Equine arteritis virus purified by anion-exchange membrane chromatography

In an effort to improve a competitive blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for antibody detection to Equine arteritis virus (EAV), antigen purified by anion-exchange membrane chromatography capsule (AEC) was evaluated. Virus purification by the AEC method was rapid and easily scalable. A comparison was made between virus purified by the AEC method with that obtained by differential centrifugation based on the following: 1) the relative purity and quality of EAV glycoprotein 5 (GP5) containing the epitope defined by monoclonal antibody 17B7, and 2) the relative sensitivity of a commercial antibody cELISA with the only change being the 2 purified antigens. On evaluation by Western blot using GP5-specific monoclonal antibody 17B7, the AEC-purified EAV contained 86% GP5 monomer whereas the differentially centrifuged EAV contained <29% of the monomer. Improvement of analytical sensitivity without sacrifice of analytical specificity was clearly evident when cELISAs prepared with EAV antigen by each purification method were evaluated using 7 sensitivity and specificity check sets. Furthermore, the AEC-purified EAV-based cELISA had 30-40% higher agreement with the virus neutralization (VN) test than the cELISA prepared with differentially centrifuged EAV based on testing 40 borderline EAV-seropositive samples as defined by the VN test. In addition, the AEC-purified cELISA had highly significant (P = 0.001) robustness indicated by intra-laboratory repeatability and interlaboratory reproducibility when evaluated with the sensitivity check sets. Thus, use of AEC-purified EAV in the cELISA should lead to closer harmonization of the cELISA with the World Organization for Animal Health-prescribed VN test.
The presentation functor and the compactified Jacobian

This article continues the development, begun in [2], [4], [3], [5] and [14], of a theory of the compactified Jacobian that is modeled and based on Grothendieck’s theory of the Picard scheme. Here we study the presentation functor, whose function is to bridge the gap between the compactified Jacobian J of a (relative) singular curve C and that J’ of one of its partial normalizations C’. We shall place special emphasis on the case in which each geometric fiber of C has just one singularity more than C’ and it is an ordinary node or cusp.
To salt, or not to salt?

a number of health agencies in the United States and abroad recommend a reduced NaCl intake for the general population (e.g., National Academy of Sciences, United States Surgeon General; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; United States Departments of Agriculture and of Health and Human
Abstract 325: Response Gene to Complement 32 Deficiency Protects Against Hepatic Steatosis by Inhibiting Lipogenesis in Mice

Hepatic steatosis is associated with obesity due to the increased lipogenesis. Previously, we have found that RGC-32 (response gene to complement 32) deficiency prevents the mice from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and insulin resistance. The present study was conducted to determine the role of RGC-32 in the control of hepatic steatosis. We observed that hepatic RGC-32 expression was dramatically induced by HFD challenge. RGC-32 knockout (RGC32-/-) mice were resistant to HFD-induced hepatic steatosis. More importantly, hepatic triglyceride contents of RGC32-/- mice were significantly decreased compared with wild-type (WT) controls on both normal chow and HFD. Mechanistically, RGC-32 deficiency decreased expression of lipogenesis-related genes, sterol regulatory element (SRE) binding protein (SREBP)-1c, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1). Our in vitro study showed that RGC-32 knockdown decreased while RGC-32 overexpression increased SCD1 expression in hepatocytes. Deletion or mutation of SRE in the SCD1 promoter abolished the function of RGC-32. These data demonstrate that RGC-32 contributes to HFD-induced hepatic steatosis by facilitating de novo lipogenesis in a SREBP-1c dependent manner. Therefore, RGC-32 may be a novel drug target in the treatment of hepatic steatosis and its related diseases.
OPEN FRACTURES OF THE TIBIA IN CHILDREN

Forty-one children who had forty-two open fractures of the tibial metaphysis or diaphysis were studied retrospectively. Twelve fractures were Type I; eighteen, Type II; six, Type IIIA; four, Type IIIB; and two, Type IIIC, according to the classification of Gustilo et al. All fractures were irrigated and debrided, and antibiotics were given for a minimum of forty-eight hours after the injury. Twenty fractures were initially treated with external fixation and twenty-two, with immobilization in a plaster cast. Three patients had an early infection of the wound, one of which was associated with osteomyelitis; all were successfully treated. The average time to healing of the fracture was five months (range, two to twenty-one months). The time to union was related to the severity of the soft-tissue injury, the pattern of the fracture, the amount of segmental bone loss, the occurrence of infection, and the use of external fixation. There were six delayed unions. Four patients had an angular malunion of more than 10 degrees, which spontaneously corrected in three. One patient who had a proximal metaphyseal-diaphyseal segmental fracture had a progressive valgus deformity. Four patients who had a severe fracture that was treated with external fixation had more than one centimeter of tibial over-growth. There were no amputations. The incidences of compartment syndrome, vascular injury, infection, and delayed union were similar to those reported for open tibial fractures in adults.
AlphaIIbbeta3 and its antagonism at the new millennium.

Because of its major role in regulating platelet functions and its prominence on the cell surface, integrin aIIbb3 has been the subject of intensive investigations. Such studies have provided substantial insights into its structure-function relationships and have led to the development of anti-thrombotic drugs that target the receptor. Nevertheless, recent findings have indicated that our understanding of the structure and function of aIIbb3 remains inadequate. This article addresses two aspects of still evolving aIIbb3 function: 1) the interface between aIIbb3 and the blood coagulation system, resulting from interaction of prothrombin with the receptor; and 2) the molecular basis for recognition of the RGD and the fibrinogen g-chain peptide ligands by aIIbb3. As illustrated by these two examples, there is still much to be learned about aIIbb3 if we are to fully appreciate its functions and its potential as a therapeutic target.
Urinary plasminogen and chronic glomerulonephritis.

Urinary plasminogen excretion was studied in 40 healthy subjects, 41 padents with various renal diseases, and 11 with diabetes mellitus or essential hypertension without renal involvement. Little, if any, plasminogen was found in urine from normal subjects or padents with diabetes or hypertension without renal involvement. In contrast, patients with various renal diseases tended to have higher urinary plasminogen values. The highest values were found in urine of patients with the nephrotic syndrome or hereditary nephritis. To elucidate the role of focal fibrinolysis in the pathogenesis of chronic glomerulonephritis, plasma and urinary fibrinolytic studies were undertaken in 19 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. The results indicated a positive correlation between urinary plasminogen loss and impairment of renal function, as indicated by decreased creatinine clearance.
Structural Properties of Pdxs/V Multilayer thin Films

The structures of e-beam evaporated Pd/V multilayer thin films have been studied under various film growth conditions. Both the deposition rate and the substrate temperature were varied in an e-beam source UHV deposition system, and the films were subsequently characterized by xray scattering and cross-sectional TEM.
Current challenges in therapy of myelodysplastic syndromes.

The International Prognostic Scoring System (or, more conveniently, the marrow blast percentage) can be used to divide patients with myelodysplasia into those with better (International Prognostic Scoring System low/ intermediate-1, or 10% blasts) prognoses. There is no treatment known to produce responses in the great majority of patients in either group. Hence, most patients should be considered for clinical trials. Exceptions are cases with low serum erythropoietin levels or low marrow cellularity; such cases may benefit from erythropoietin with or without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or antithymocyte globulin, respectively. A wide variety of new agents are in clinical trial. These can be grouped into biologic or targeted, therapies, acute myelogenous leukemia-type chemotherapy, and allogeneic stem cell transplants. In general, competing risk-to-benefit ratios and consideration of natural histories suggest that patients with a better prognosis should receive biologic therapies first, with transplant reserved until failure. In higher-risk patients, particularly those who are relatively young or have a normal karyotype, acute myelogenous leukemia-type chemotherapy or transplant should be considered earlier in the course. The advent of nonmyeloablative (mini) transplant protocols has extended to 70 to 75 years the age at which transplantation can be performed, although the efficacy of such protocols is unknown. Current data do not permit recommendation of specific regimens in patients with a better or worse prognosis; rather, emphasis should be placed on entry into a clinical trial Finally, because other causes of cytopenias are more treatable, the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome should depend on more than the presence of dysplasia, unless the dysplasia is very severe.
Realizm polityczny i ekonomiczny Mirosława Dzielskiego

Political and economic realism of Miroslaw Dzielski Miroslaw Dzielski (1941‑1989), a Polish philosopher and a political activist, in his academic life at the Jagiellonian University (Krakow) he focused on analyses of metaphysical subtleties of Newton’s and Leibniz’s conceptions of space and time but his main interest were the major problems of ethics and political philosophy combined with economics. Influenced by L. von Mises, F. A. von Hayek and M. Friedman and the idea of the undesigned results of human activities, he identified the main problem of his native country Poland and the whole region under a totalitarian control of the USSR in the 1970s and 1980s, as a search for forces, which would stop its civilizational collapse and begin its rebirth. His idea was to destroy the oppressive system in an evolutionary way through the invigoration of natural propensities to improve one’s situation. Members of the Communist nomenklatura were no exception, and their involvement in economic activities backed by the free market legal framework were to open opportunities to all members of society (individual liberty) and to lead to the economic and civilizational progress followed by a political liberal constitution.
THE EFFECT OF MUTAGENESIS ON COMPETITIVE ABILITY IN DROSOPHILA.

Individuals in natural populations are surrounded by other organisms of the same and different species. It is clear that at least some aspects of the ensuing interactions are potentially subject to evolutionary modification, but it is not clear that such changes always occur. The uncertainty of the occurrence of coevolution is a problem particularly in the study of coadaptation of competitor species. Theoretical models of coevolution indicate that selection will tend to favor decreased interactions between competitors (Levins and Culver, 1971; Allen, 1975, 1976; Lawlor and Maynard Smith, 1976). However, knowledge of the direction in which selection may push a quantitative character does not tell us whether change can or will occur. Current genetic variability determines in part the immediate response to selection, but the long
The Stereochemical Course of Intramolecular Michael Reactions

We present a general model for understanding the stereochemical course of intramolecular Michael reactions. We show that the addition of β-ketoester enolates to α,β-unsaturated esters and imides bearing adjacent stereocenters (X, Y = H, Me, OR) leads to high levels of asymmetric induction. Reinforcing and nonreinforcing stereochemical relationships are evaluated from the syn and anti reactant diastereomers. On the basis of synthetic, spectroscopic, and computational studies, we propose that the outcomes of these reactions can be rationalized by a dipole-minimized chair transition-state model.
Diagnosis and Treatment for Vibration of Ultra Supercritical 1 000 MW Steam Turbine Units Supported by Single Bearing

Eight ultra supercritical 1 000 MW steam turbine units supported by single bearing have already been put in operation in Zhejiang province.This kind of units have gradually become dominant in power grid.Its operational safety is directly related to the stability of power grid,and the vibration is among the foremost parameters that affect the safe operation of units.This paper performs the diagnosis and treatment of the common vibration problems of these eight units,analyzes the reasons for unstable vibration and elaborates the problems including the excessive vibration of the running overload valve and exciter reaching critical velocity etc.It can serve as a reference for other units of the same type.
A Short Introduction to Fine Brush Paintings of Human Figures

Traditional fine brush paintings use neat lines to give detailed profile.Early paintings mainly use ink lines,the picture is usually in plain colors and the design is often decorative.From Han to Song Dynasties,innovations and improvement were made and new techniques from the West were introduced.Expressions in lines,color plan,and even in content were greatly enriched.In Yuan and Ming Dynasties,fine brush figure paintings were not the mainstream,and the trend was a return to the ancients,with little or only minor improvements.In modern times fine brush figure paintings,while carrying on the tradition,draw widely from various art styles and schools over the world and is assuming a brand new shape with distinct modern awareness.
Chemical sensor based on microring resonators

The microring resonator was fabricated by using CMOS compatible processes with 1 μm wide waveguides and 400 μm in radius,which has a high Q factor up to 20,000 and a Free spectrum range of 0.5 nm.A measurement scheme was proposed by using the resonator,a single-wavelength light source and an optical power meter,which has higher system sensitivity than the conventional measurement setup by detecting resonance wavelength shifts with an optical spectrometer.Finally,the resonator was applied to detect glucose concentrations with sensitivity as high as 10-4 RIU,which proves its feasible application in liquid sensing areas.
Research of the Surface Milling Machining Technology Based on 3-axis and Parallel Control

It describes the surface machining technology in NC machine tools,provides the possiblity for surface milling machining with 3-axis and parallel control,puts forward some key items based on UG platform.The example shows the detail process and proves this method effective.
Images in vascular ultrasound. Do not overlook the subtle clues.

Address for correspondence: Jeffrey W Olin, Professor of Medicine, Director, Vascular Medicine, Zena and Michael A Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and Marie-Josee and Henry R Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1033, New York, NY 10029, USA. Tel: 1 212 241 9454; Fax: 1 212 241 5107; E-mail: jeffrey.olin@msnyuhealth.org calf veins, many vascular laboratories and radiology departments confine the examination to the femoral popliteal regions.4 A 49-year-old woman underwent a cardiac catheterization and several days later noted right leg swelling and tightness of the thigh while walking. A venous duplex Panel A
Sunshine Bass Fingerling Culture

Year-round production is a top priority of hybrid striped bass producers.Most Morone culturists produce sunshine bass (white bass (♀) X striped bass (♂)) that have very tiny fry and require rotifers as their first food. Almost 100 percent of the fingerlings are produced in ponds where high survival rates depend on fry being stocked at the right time—before rotifer concentrations peak and before copepods appear. Pond culture drawbacks include the inability to monitor growth and survival and seasonal limitations due to weather. Tank culture overcomes these problems and is necessary for year-round production. Little tank fingerling production has occurred because costs are higher than for pond culture. Supplying live food is a major expense. Sunshine bass larvae are stocked at 4 to 5 days post hatch (dph) and are fed enriched cultured rotifers. The rotifers require microalgae. Within a few days the fry are weaned to cultured Artemia nauplii. The culture of the larger palmetto bass and striped bass starts with feeding Artemia nauplii. By about 15 dph, weaning to an artificial diet begins and is completed by 26 dph. Grading at that time reduces cannibalism. Live food culture is risky, and requires time, space, costs and expertise. Recent innovations may alleviate some of these problems. High density (up to 16,000 /ml) rotifer production methods are being developed. These systems require constant feeding, oxygen, pH and ammonia control, suspended particle removal, and proper harvesting. Fatty acid enriched algae pastes can replace cultured algae. Ammonia and pH problems can be controlled with products like Chloram-X® and auto-sensing pH controllers. Water is conserved by utilizing recirculation systems for rotifer and fingerling production. Use of commercially available decapsulated brine shrimp eggs further reduces time and physical risk. Increased demand for fingerlings during the winter and reduced culture costs will increase tank fingerling production.
The Politics of Elocution in The Female American

When the protagonist of The Female American; or, The Adventures of Unca Eliza Winkfield (1767), Unca Eliza Winkfield, plans to proselytize on the island where she has been marooned, she fears the s...
Design Overview of DM Radio Pathfinder Experiment

We introduce DM Radio, a dual search for axion and hidden photon dark matter using a tunable superconducting lumped-element resonator. We discuss the prototype DM Radio Pathfinder experiment, which will probe hidden photons in the 500 peV (100 kHz)–50 neV (10 MHz) mass range. We detail the design of the various components: the LC resonant detector, the resonant frequency tuning procedure, the differential SQUID readout circuit, the shielding, and the cryogenic mounting structure. We present the current status of the pathfinder experiment and illustrate its potential science reach in the context of the larger experimental program.
Assessing the Probability of Bankruptcy

Knowing whether or not a company is financial stable has always been a top concern for analysts and money managers. This paper compares the effectiveness of default prediction using two different types of measures: accounting and market based. Accounting measures have been the most popular even though, according to theory, a market based measure reflects all available information. Theory goes as far to say that accounting measures can add no incremental value to a market based measure. In my research I found that accounting based measures can be effective in their predictive power; the market-based measure (BSM) results were much more difficult to estimate within the limits of this research project.
Mid-wave infrared narrow bandwidth guided mode resonance notch filter.

We have designed, fabricated, and characterized a guided mode resonance notch filter operating in the technologically vital mid-wave infrared (MWIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The filter provides a bandstop at λ≈4.1 μm, with a 12 dB extinction on resonance. In addition, we demonstrate a high transmission background (>80%), less than 6% transmission on resonance, and an ultra-narrow bandwidth transmission notch (10 cm-1). Our filter is optically characterized using angle- and polarization-dependent Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and simulated using rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) with excellent agreement between simulations and our experimental results. Using our RCWA simulations, we are able to identify the optical modes associated with the transmission dips of our filter. The presented structure offers a potential route toward narrow-band laser filters in the MWIR.
Gaps in the Public's Knowledge About Chronic Pain: Representative Sample of Hispanic Residents From 5 States

Abstract Educating the general public about chronic pain and its care is a national health priority. We evaluated knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (KAB) of a 5-state, population-based sample of Hispanic individuals aged 35 to 75 years without chronic pain, representing more than 8.8 million persons. A Web-based survey assessed KAB using an adapted version of the Survey of Pain Attitudes-Brief and self-reported knowledge about chronic pain (nothing, a little, a lot). In unweighted analyses of participants (N = 349), the mean age was 52.0 (±10.6) years, 54% were women, 53% preferred Spanish, and 39% did not graduate from high school. More participants reported knowing nothing about chronic pain (24%) than a lot (12%). In weighted logistic models with knowing nothing as the reference, knowing a lot was associated with greater KAB for chronic pain-related emotions, functioning, and cure (all P P P Perspective In this 5-state representative sample of Hispanic individuals without chronic pain, one-quarter reported knowing nothing about chronic pain and had poorer KAB about multiple aspects of this disease. This study reinforces the need to evaluate and address gaps in the general public's knowledge about chronic pain.
Self-Making Man: A Day of Action, Life, and Language

This book portrays one day in the communicative life of the owner of an auto repair-shop in Texas. He walks, looks, points, shows and explains engines, makes sense by gesture, speaks, manages, makes his life-world, and in the process reproduces social structures and himself as individual. Self-Making Man is the first comprehensive study of a communicating person; it reveals socially shared and personal practices, as well as improvisational actions by which a person inhabits and makes sense of the world with others. After decades of discussion on embodiment, this study is the first to investigate one body in its full range of communicative activities. Grounded in phenomenology and committed to the methodological rigor of context analysis and conversation analysis, Self-Making Man departs radically from contemporary research practice: it shows that, to take embodiment in human interaction seriously, we must conceive of it as individuation and organic, self-sustaining life: as autopoeisis.
Regional variation in the intensity of humpback whale predation on Pacific herring in the Gulf of Alaska

Abstract We modeled the biomass of Pacific herring ( Clupea pallasii ) consumed by humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) to determine if whales are preventing the recovery of some herring populations in the Gulf of Alaska. We estimated consumption, by whales, of two depressed (Lynn Canal, Prince William Sound) and one robust (Sitka Sound) herring populations during fall/winter of 2007–2008 and 2008–2009. Consumption estimates relied on observations of whale abundance, prey selection, and herring energy content along with published data on whale size and metabolic rate. Herring biomass removed by whales was compared with independent estimates of herring abundance to assess the impact of predation on each population. Whales removed a greater proportion of the total biomass of herring available in Lynn Canal and Prince William Sound than in Sitka Sound. Biomass removals were greatest in Prince William Sound where we observed the largest number of whales foraging on herring. The biomass of herring consumed in Prince William Sound approximated the biomass lost to natural mortality over winter as projected by age-structured stock assessments. Though whales also focused their foraging on herring during the fall in Lynn Canal, whales were less abundant resulting in lower estimated consumption rates. Whales were more abundant in Sitka Sound than in Lynn Canal but foraged predominately on euphausiids. Herring abundance was greater in Sitka Sound, further reducing the overall impact on the herring population. These data indicate that the focused predation in Prince William Sound can exert top-down controlling pressure, but whale populations are not a ubiquitous constraint on forage fish productivity in the Gulf of Alaska at this time.
Z-Source circuit breaker utilizing Ultra-Fast Mechanical Switch for high efficiency DC circuit protection

A novel modification to Z-Source DC circuit breakers has been proposed to reduce power consumption from its predecessor significantly. The power thyristor serves as the means of circuit isolation and voltage blocking in the event of a fault in traditional Z-Source DC circuit breakers. However, Z-Source circuit breakers direct full load current through the Thyristor. The resulting voltage difference and current flow yield substantial power consumption, heat generation, and reduced efficiency. Integrating a fast-mechanical switch and associated control, a zero current crossing and circuit isolation is achieved without significant on-state switch losses.
ARTed Talks: Promoting the Voices of a New Generation of Art Teachers

Imagine discussing a complex topic such as the importance of arts to education in eight minutes or less. Now imagine doing that as a preservice educator still learning the field of art education an...
The Significance of the Dalton Adz in Northeast Arkansas

The woodworking adz is a fundamental tool of the Dalton culture in northeast Arkansas and dates between 8000 and 6000B.C. It appears to be as early as the earliest true adzes previously known, thos...
Entre el derecho de los diseños y las patentes: la tecnología ponible

Intellectual Property is one of the most important assets that companies have. Although traditionally it has existed a clear difference between industrial designs and patents, due to the very nature of the design, there was a need to raise various possibilities to safeguard around this technological figure, whose development could lead us to question the current mechanisms of protection. Wearable technology is booming and involves an interaction of two sectors that are still a matter of analysis, discussion and lack of consensus: fashion and technology. We believe that the denaturalization of industrial design could occur in the face of the imminent possibility of acceptance of an omission of the form with a function that, added to the lack of clarity that exists regarding the protection of unregistered designs and the lack of regulations surrounding the design of wearable technology, that would lead us to a forced analysis on the relevance of application of current legal mechanisms in the technological field and the need to have regulations in line with existing technological innovations.
Phage treatment of an aortic graft infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa .

Management of prosthetic vascular graft infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be a significant challenge to clinicians. These infections often do not resolve with antibiotic therapy alone due to antibiotic resistance/tolerance by bacteria, poor ability of antibiotics to permeate/reduce biofilms and/or other factors. Bacteriophage OMKO1 binding to efflux pump proteins in P. aeruginosa was consistent with an evolutionary trade-off: wildtype bacteria were killed by phage whereas evolution of phage-resistance led to increased antibiotic sensitivity. However, phage clinical-use has not been demonstrated. Here, we present a case report detailing therapeutic application of phage OMKO1 to treat a chronic P. aeruginosa infection of an aortic Dacron graft with associated aorto-cutaneous fistula. Following a single application of phage OMKO1 and ceftazidime, the infection appeared to resolve with no signs of recurrence.
Calendar-life versus cycle-life aging of lithium-ion cells with silicon-graphite composite electrodes

Abstract The use of blended silicon-graphite (Si-Gr) negative electrodes increases the energy density of lithium-ion cells over those containing only graphite (Gr) electrodes. However, volume changes in the Si particles that occur during cycling cause deterioration of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the particles resulting in further electrolyte reduction that immobilizes Li+ ions and, therefore, capacity fade. Because the volume changes are not expected to occur during a potentiostatic hold (referred to as calendar-life aging), by comparison of cycle-life and calendar-life aged cells one can expect to assess the role of volume changes in the deterioration of cell performance. To this end, cells with Si-Gr and Gr negative electrodes (and Li1.03(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)0.97O2 containing positive electrodes) were assembled, tested, and compared using cycle-life and calendar-life aging protocols. As expected, the capacity loss of the cycle-life aged cells was higher than that of the calendar-life aged cells. However, the measurable capacity loss for the calendar-life aged cells indicates continued immobilization of Li+ ions. Furthermore, electrolytes extracted from the calendar-life aged cells showed more LiPF6 hydrolysis products than those extracted from the cycle-life aged cells. We discuss possible mechanistic causes for the observed aging behaviors in this article.
Click-On-Diagram Questions: a New Tool to Study Conceptions Using Classroom Response Systems

Geoscience instructors depend upon photos, diagrams, and other visualizations to depict geologic structures and processes that occur over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. This proof-of-concept study tests click-on-diagram (COD) questions, administered using a classroom response system (CRS), as a research tool for identifying spatial misconceptions. First, we propose a categorization of spatial conceptions associated with geoscience concepts. Second, we implemented the COD questions in an undergraduate introductory geology course. Each question was implemented three times: pre-instruction, post-instruction, and at the end of the course to evaluate the stability of students’ conceptual understanding. We classified each instance as (1) a false belief that was easily remediated, (2) a flawed mental model that was not fully transformed, or (3) a robust misconception that persisted despite targeted instruction. Geographic Information System (GIS) software facilitated spatial analysis of students’ answers. The COD data confirmed known misconceptions about Earth’s structure, geologic time, and base level and revealed a novel robust misconception about hot spot formation. Questions with complex spatial attributes were less likely to change following instruction and more likely to be classified as a robust misconception. COD questions provided efficient access to students’ conceptual understanding. CRS-administered COD questions present an opportunity to gather spatial conceptions with large groups of students, immediately, building the knowledge base about students’ misconceptions and providing feedback to guide instruction.
Independent detection of recycled flash memory: Challenges and solutions

Counterfeiting electronic components is a serious problem for the security and reliability of any electronic systems. Use of counterfeit or reused components not only impacts profit but also has a detrimental impact on several critical applications including aerospace, medical, and defense. To worsen the situation the number of counterfeiting components has increased considerably after the introduction of horizontal semiconductor supply chain. In this paper, we will focus on detecting recycled Flash memory, a major target of the counterfeiters because of its presence in the most electronic systems. Failure of the Flash memory in critical applications can have catastrophic effects. Detection of recycled Flash with high confidence i s challenging due to the variability among the different Flash chips caused by process variations. There is very few work on detecting recycled memory chips, and unfortunately, all of them require an extensive database to maintain which is impossible for several electronic systems. In this paper, we propose a new method for detecting fake Flash memory without the need for any prior database. Our method is based on statistical distribution of various Flash timing characteristics such as erase, program and read time on a fresh Flash IC. It has been found that timing characteristics are highly sensitive to memory usage (typically quantified as the program-erase count of a memory block) compared to the process variations. We demonstrate our method by characterizing the block to block timing variation on commercial off the shelf Flash ICs and compared it with the recycled or used one. Our method can identify a recycled IC of minimal usage (∼3.0%) with nearly 100% accuracy without requiring any prior database.