cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Relationship between US Dollar-Euro Exchange Rate and Short-Term Market Rates Policy

In this study the relationship between change in US Dollar-Euro exchange rate and short-term market rates (Federal Funds Rate, Three-Month Treasury Bill and Three-Month LIBOR) is examined. The study finds that there is a strong relationship among the US Dollar-Euro exchange rates, federal funds rate and the three-month Treasury Bill. The results of the analysis also show that the three-month LIBOR appears to have minimal impact on the volatility of US dollar-Euro exchange rate change. The result is significant as the Federal Reserve Bank plays a critical role in the global financial arena. Influencing the short-term market rates impact the foreign exchange rate value between the USD and the Euro.
Comparison of Vole Movements Assessed by Live Trapping and Radiotracking

Etude comparative des resultats obtenus par deux techniques differentes pour etudier l'espace occupe par des individus. Les deux techniques sont la capture et la radio-telemetrie. Cette etude se fait sur Microtus ochrogaster
Oxidase testing from Kligler's iron agar and triple sugar iron agar slants

Many members of the familyVibrionaceae have been implicated as causative agents of diarrhea. Most of these organisms are non-lactose fermenters, and all are oxidase-positive. If the oxidase test could be reliably performed on growth from the surface of Kligler's iron agar and/or triple sugar iron agar slants, it would aid in the screening of potential stool pathogens. Forty-six isolates from the generaAeromonas, Plesiomonas, andVibrio were inoculated onto Kligler's iron agar and triple sugar iron agar slants, incubated overnight, and tested for oxidase activity. All 46 isolates produced alkaline over acid, with or without gas, Kligler's iron agar slants and were oxidase-positive. On triple sugar iron agar slants, 13 isolates produced these same patterns, and all were oxidase-positive. Acid over acid, with gas, triple sugar iron agar slants were produced by 18 isolates, and all were oxidase-positive. Acid over acid, without gas, triple sugar iron agar slants were produced by 15 isolates, and all were oxidase-negative. These negative oxidase tests were due to low pH. Oxidase tests performed from the surface of Kligler's iron agar and triple sugar iron agar slants used to screen stool isolates were reliable, provided the slants were acid over acid with gas, or alkaline over acid with or without gas. Kligler's iron agar is recommended with this procedure, since most potential stool pathogens of both theEnterobacteriaceae and theVibrionaceae will produce an alkaline over acid, with or without gas, slant, and false negative oxidase tests will be minimized.
Frameworks for organising design performance metrics

Computational tools for aiding design-by-analogy have focused on function-flow and keyword-based retrieval of analogues. Because of the critical role of performance and benchmarking in design, the need for performance metrics-driven analogy retrieval is currently unmet. Towards meeting this need, a study has been done to investigate and propose a combined framework for organising the myriad of technical performance metrics used in engineering design (e.g. efficiency, cost, weight, etc.). Such organisational frameworks are needed for the implementation of a computational tool which can retrieve relevant analogies using performance metrics. The study, which takes a deductive approach, defines a hierarchical taxonomy of performance metrics akin to the Functional Basis vocabulary of function and flow terms. To support this approach, an empirical study was conducted to verify the identification of criticality with use in analogy designs.
Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of 55 Patients with Corneal Pregnancy

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and the treatment of cornual pregnancy.Methods: The clinical data of 55 cases of cornual pregnancy hospitalized from January 2007 to December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.Results: The results of B type ultrasonography before operation were: 31 cases of corneal pregnancy,21 cases of ectopic pregnancy,1 case of incomplete abortion and 1 case of intrauterine pregnancy.The rate of misdiagnosis was 41.82%.There were 17 cases of suction curettage,while 38 cases had laproscopic operation or laprotomy operation.Conclusions: Although the incidence of corneal pregnancy is low,this disease was prone to be misdiagnosed.Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment is important.
R-Cepia1er as a New Tool to Directly Measure [Ca] in the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum of Ventricular Myocytes

In cardiomyocytes, [Ca] within the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) determines, in part, the amplitude of SR Ca release which, in turn, governs myocardial contraction. Therefore, it is critical to understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate [Ca]SR handling. Until recently, the best tool available to directly measure [Ca]SR was a low affinity Ca indicator (Fluo-5N). However this dye presents several difficulties, including species-limitation (it does not work in small rodents), dye extrusion, and non-specific cellular localization. Recently a new genetically encoded family of Ca indicators has been generated, named calcium-measuring organelle-entrapped protein indicators (CEPIA). Here we tested the red emitting fluorescence Ca indicator targeted to the SR, R-CEPIA1er, as a tool to directly measure [Ca]SR dynamics in ventricular myocytes. Infection of rabbit and rat myocytes with an adenovirus expressing the R-CEPIA1er gene, displayed prominent localization of the indicator in the SR and nuclear envelope. Calibration of R-CEPIA1er in rabbit myocytes resulted in a Kd of 617 microM, suggesting that this sensor is sensitive in the whole physiological range of [Ca]SR. [Ca]SR dynamics measured with R-CEPIA1er were tested in rabbit myocytes and compared to Fluo5-N signal. We found that the time course of the [Ca]SR depletion and fractional [Ca]SR release (FR) induced by an action potential was similar between R-CEPIA1er and Fluo-5N. R-CEPIA1er fluorescence did not decline during experiments, indicating lack of dye extrusion or photobleaching. Furthermore, this Ca sensor allowed us to reliably measure [Ca]SR dynamics in rat myocytes. Measurements of [Ca]SR with R-CEPIA1er can be combined with [Ca]cyt indicators (e.g. Fluo-4) to obtain detailed information regarding Ca homeostasis in cardiac myocytes. Moreover, R-CEPIA1er is an optimal tool that can be used to study [Ca]SR handling in commonly used transgenic animals (such as mice and rats).
Iodinated phospholipids and the in vitro iodination of proteins of dog thyroid gland

Slices of dog thyroid gland were incubated with liposomes consisting of (125)I-labelled phosphatidylcholine (the iodine was covalently linked to unsaturated fatty acyl chains). The (125)I label of (125)I-labelled liposomes was incorporated into thyroid protein and/or thyroglobulin at a higher rate than was the (131)I label of either Na(131)I or (131)I(2). The iodine was shown to be protein-bound by the co-migration of the labelled iodine with protein under conditions where free iodine, iodide and lipid-bound iodine were removed from protein. The uptake of iodine from the iodinated phospholipid was probably due to phospholipid exchange between the iodinated liposomes and the thyroid cell membrane, since (a) (14)C-labelled phospholipid was metabolized to (14)CO(2) and (b) many lipids in the tissue slice became (14)C-labelled. A very strong inhibition of iodide ;uptake' from Na(131)I, caused by thiosulphate, produced only a minor inhibition of the incorporation of (125)I from (125)I-labelled liposomes into thyroid protein and/or thyroglobulin. This implies that free iodide may not necessarily be formed from the iodinated phospholipids before their entrance or utilization in the cell. Synthetic polytyrosine polypeptide suspensions showed some iodination by (131)I-labelled liposomes. In tissues with low tyrosine contents, such as liver and kidney, only a trace uptake was observed. Salivary gland showed some uptake. Endoplasmic reticulum of thyroid gland showed a higher iodine uptake than that of the corresponding plasma membranes. These experiments, together with the demonstration of the diet-dependent presence of iodinated phospholipids in dog thyroid, leads us to suggest that iodination of the membrane phospholipids of thyroid cells may be directly or indirectly involved at some stage in the synthesis of thyroglobulin, or exists as a scavenger mechanism, to re-utilize and/or recover released iodine from unstable compounds inside the thyroid cell.
A New Method to Stabilize C-Kit Expression in Reparative Cardiac Mesenchymal Cells

Cell therapy improves cardiac function. Few cells have been investigated more extensively or consistently shown to be more effective than c-kit sorted cells; however, c-kit expression is easily lost during passage. Here, our primary goal was to develop an improved method to isolate c-kitpos cells and maintain c-kit expression after passaging. Cardiac mesenchymal cells (CMCs) from wild-type mice were selected by polystyrene adherence properties. CMCs adhering within the first hours are referred to as rapidly adherent (RA); CMCs adhering subsequently are dubbed slowly adherent (SA). Both RA and SA CMCs were c-kit sorted. SA CMCs maintained significantly higher c-kit expression than RA cells; SA CMCs also had higher expression endothelial markers. We subsequently tested the relative efficacy of SA versus RA CMCs in the setting of post-infarct adoptive transfer. Two days after coronary occlusion, vehicle, RA CMCs, or SA CMCs were delivered percutaneously with echocardiographic guidance. SA CMCs, but not RA CMCs, significantly improved cardiac function compared to vehicle treatment. Although the mechanism remains to be elucidated, the more pronounced endothelial phenotype of the SA CMCs coupled with the finding of increased vascular density suggest a potential pro-vasculogenic action. This new method of isolating CMCs better preserves c-kit expression during passage. SA CMCs, but not RA CMCs, were effective in reducing cardiac dysfunction. Although c-kit expression was maintained, it is unclear whether maintenance of c-kit expression per se was responsible for improved function, or whether the differential adherence property itself confers a reparative phenotype independently of c-kit.
Adult acute myeloid leukemia with trisomy 11 as the sole abnormality is characterized by the presence of five distinct gene mutations: MLL -PTD, DNMT3A , U2AF1 , FLT3 -ITD and IDH2

Adult acute myeloid leukemia with trisomy 11 as the sole abnormality is characterized by the presence of five distinct gene mutations: MLL -PTD, DNMT3A , U2AF1 , FLT3 -ITD and IDH2
The Economic Organization of the Household: The Analysis of Consumer Demand

INTRODUCTION This chapter deals with the analysis of consumer demand. The model of the household developed in Chapter 2 is used to examine the effects of several types of changes in the economic environment on the household's demand for a good. The discussion is suggestive rather than exhaustive, with the possibilities for analysis and application being very large. Beginning with an analysis of income effects, the chapter progresses to a discussion of price effects and then to analyses of several applications depicting several different price schemes with which consumers are commonly faced. Finally, the effects of preferences on demand are discussed. The discussion is couched in terms of hypothetical experiments. The model of the household is observed in equilibrium given an initial set of conditions (e.g., income, prices, and preferences). Then a change in one of these conditions (e.g., income) is introduced and the model altered to include the change. The model's new equilibrium is found and compared with the initial equilibrium. The comparison of the prechange and postchange equilibria leads to conclusions about how the change affected the equilibrium combinations of goods demanded by the modeled household. The conclusions become hypotheses as to how typical households' demands for the good in question would change given a change in the factor (e.g., income, price) being analyzed. Finally, the findings from a few empirical economic studies are reported to give the flavor of the actual demand behavior of households in response to the changes in the conditions discussed.
[Masywne krwawienie z jelita małego: nowa opcja terapeutyczna z lokalizacją microcoil i laparoskopową resekcją].

Masywne krwawienie z przewodu pokarmowego prezentuje kompleksowy problem diagnostyczny i terapeutyczny. Dokladna identyfikacja miejsca krwawienia jest skomplikowana i chirurgiczna resekcja miejsca krwawienia jest trudne. Angiografii uzywanej do lokalizacji i embolizacji miejscu krwawienia w krązeniu krezkowym brakuje skuteczności ze wzgledu na skomplikowaną siec zespolenia naczyn krwionośnych zaopatrujących jelito cienkie. Przedoperacyjnie umieszczenie microcoil dla fluoroskopowo kierowanej laparoskopowej resekcji jelita cienkiego zostalo wykorzystane w przypadku 58-letniej kobiety leczonej chemioterapią z uzyciem idarubicyny i cytarabiny. Pacjentka miala krwawienie z przewodu pokarmowego, ktore nie reagowalo na leczenie zachowawcze i wymagalo masywnych transfuzji produktow krwi.
Neural network models for selecting hand shapes.

Publisher Summary The simple task of grasping objects has been studied to understand and duplicate the versatility of the human hand. The language of opposition space and virtual fingers provides a high-level language for describing such plans. Different hand postures offer different capabilities, and the selection of a posture is an important computation performed by the central nervous system. In order to model this selection, the five networks presented in this chapter offer examples of a neural style of processing. All involve computations performed through the interactions of a large number of simple processing elements, or units that had an activation state and were connected together through synapses in some pattern of connectivity. Units either excited or inhibited each other, and synaptic connections were represented by weight matrices. The use of neural models allows one to explore the implementation of planning processes, while incorporating experimental results from behavioral, anatomical, and neurophysiological studies. It is shown that the activation of the units in the middle layer demonstrates an internal representation for an opposition.
Chemosensory Modulation Of Visual And Auditory Event-related Potentials

Clinical researchers have, for some time, attempted to record olfactory evoked potentials from scalp electrodes. Such measurements would be especially useful for the objective determination of olfactory and trigeminal nerve integrity. These efforts have resulted in major advances, but the process remains problematic. An alternative approach which uses traditional visual and auditory ERPs modulated by odor stimuli is discussed.
The Twin Cell for a New Dynamic Storage Approach in Three 18K FET RAM Chips

The twin cell - a double-ended dynamic two-device FET memory cell - is the basic element for a really symmetrical sense system. This new approach has successfully been used in three different byte wide 18K RAM chips.
Quantitation of aquaporin-2 abundance in microdissected collecting ducts: Axial distribution and control by AVP

Aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) is the arginine vasopressin-regulated water channel of the renal collecting ducts. Using an improved version of a fluorescence-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Y. Maeda, B. L. Smith, P. Agre, and M. A. Knepper. J. Clin. Invest. 95: 422-428, 1995), we quantified AQP-2 protein abundance in microdissected renal collecting ducts from normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats. Standard curves were linear in the range of 0-200 fmol/well and were highly reproducible from day to day (lower limit of detection 2.3 fmol; coefficient of variation 6-9%). In SD rats thirsted for 24 h, the measured quantities of AQP-2 were as follows (x 10(9) molecules/mm): cortical collecting ducts (CCD), 4.3 +/- 0.5; outer medullary collecting ducts (OMCD), 10.1 +/- 1.7; initial one-third of inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD-1), 9.2 +/- 1.1; middle one-third of the IMCD (IMCD-2), 7.5 +/- 0.8; terminal one-third of the IMCD (IMCD-3), 3.3 +/- 0.6; n = 7-12. In IMCD-2 this corresponds to 11.8 +/- 1.3 x 10(6) AQP-2 molecules per cell. Thus AQP-2 is extremely abundant in collecting duct cells. AQP-2 levels were decreased in untreated Brattleboro rats relative to the parent strain Long-Evans (LE) by 68% in IMCD-2 and 44% in CCD. Following vasopressin infusion by osmotic minipumps, AQP-2 levels in IMCD-2 of Brattleboro rats rose gradually, reaching levels equivalent to those seen in LE rats after 5 days. A similar rise was seen in the CCD, indicating that the vasopressin-induced increase was not dependent on a large increase in the interstitial tonicity. Thus a rise in circulating vasopressin concentration increases the level of AQP-2 protein expression in collecting ducts, presumably via a direct action of vasopressin.
Development of a Bio-Inspired Dual Catalytic System for Alkane Dehydrogenation

The alkene is a central functional group in organic synthesis. While myriad reliable methods exist to access this moiety from other functionalities, acceptorless dehydrogenation, or the direct synthesis of alkenes from alkanes with hydrogen gas as the sole byproduct, remains a challenging, albeit highly desirable, transformation. This essay provides an account of our recent efforts toward accessing this difficult reaction class, with particular attention paid to the diverse precedents that informed our explorations. This report highlights the benefits of maintaining a broad range of interests, and we hope that it illustrates the vast connectivity between chemical disciplines.
Emergency department patient acceptance of opt-in, universal, rapid HIV screening.

Objectives.We assessed emergency department (ED) patient acceptance of opt-in, rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening and identified demographic characteristics and HIV testing-history factors associated with acceptance of screening.Methods.A random sample of 18- to 55-year-old ED patients was offered rapid HIV screening. Patient acceptance or decline of screening and the reasons for acceptance or decline were analyzed with multivariable regression models. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for the logistic regression models.Results.Of the 2,099 participants, 39.3% accepted HIV screening. In a multinomial regression model, participants who were never married/not partnered, did not have private health insurance, and had 12 or fewer years of education were more likely to be screened due to concern about a possible HIV exposure. In a multivariable logistic regression model, the odds of accepting screening were greater among those who were younger than 40 years ol...
Particle Counting by Confocal Microscopy: Increasing the Dynamic Range via Multiple-Slits Fluorescence Detection

Fast clinical diagnostics and the early-stage identification of bloodstream infections require culture-free real-time detection of pathogens at low concentrations, ranging from 105 down to a few particles per milliliter of blood. Without a priori knowledge of target concentration, the possibility of accessing the five-orders-of-magnitude clinically relevant concentration range using only one data-acquisition run is desirable. We demonstrate here that such a high dynamic range is achievable with a portable, low-cost, horizontal-geometry confocal microscope.
Rest in Peace, Rule 505

After 37 years, the Securities and Exchange Commission has repealed the Rule 505 exemption from registration, effective May 22, 2017. This essay reviews the evolution of Rule 505 over its lifetime; examines Rule 505’s role within Regulation D and analyzes why that role eventually became obsolete; and argues that Rule 505 leaves behind a legacy that should continue to inform policy discussions about exemptions from registration. Copyright 2017 by Thomson Reuters. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of Thomson Reuters/West from Securities Regulation Law Journal.
Cognitive—Behavioral Treatment of Postconcussion Syndrome

Postconcussion Syndrome (PCS) is a disorder that occurs following about 75% to 80% of all mild head injuries (Alves, Colohan, O’Leary, Rimel, & Jane, 1986; Rimel, Girodani, Barth, Boll, & Jane, 1981). Whereas severe head injury generally produces neuropsychological deficits in memory and intellectual function, mild concussion can result in more subtle disruptions in daily functioning in the months following head trauma. This consistent cluster of postconcussive symptoms includes difficulty with attention and concentration, disturbances in memory, headache, vertigo, anxiety, depression, fatigue, irritability, blurred vision, and sensitivity to light (Mittenberg, DiGiulio, Perrin, & Bass, 1992; World Health Organization, 1978). Given that nearly 325,000 head injuries that annually occur in the United States are classified as mild (Levin, Eisenberg, & Benton, 1989), design of effective treatment for PCS appears warranted.
Leadership Strengths and the Future of Pharmacy

To the Editor: In the May 2017 issue of the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Dr. Ferreri and colleagues published an insightful article entitled “Academic Pharmacy: Where is Our Influence?”[1][1] Evaluation of our skills as a profession to more effectively develop a strategy for
Comparison of different oleogels in processed cheese products formulation

This study investigates the potential usage of unsaturated vegetable oil oleogel to replace solid milk fat in processed cheese products (PCPs). Soybean oil was gelled using rice bran wax (RBW) or sunflower wax (SW) at two different concentrations and used to produce PCPs with final concentrations of 0.5% or 1% wax. An ungelled oil PCP and a commercial milk fat processed cheese (CC) were produced for comparison. Upon compositional analysis, moisture and fat content were similar between oleogel PCPs (OPCP) and the CC sample; however, lower saturated fat content was observed in the OPCPs. Samples’ microscopy analysis revealed that the incorporation of oleogels reduced oil agglomeration observed in the ungelled PCPs, which confirms the presence of a higher oil holding capacity in the OPCPs. Rheological and thermomechanical analysis demonstrated comparable hardness, storage modulus and meltability values between the OPCPs and the control samples. This study provides insight into the potential applications for oleogels in the replacement milk fat in processed cheese products with desirable properties.
Sysman: a virtual file system for managing clusters

Sysman is a system management infrastructure for clusters and data centers similar to the /proc file system. It provides a familiar yet powerful interface for the management of servers, storage systems, and other devices. In the Sysman virtual file system each managed entity (e.g., power on/off button of a server, CPU utilization of a server, a LUN on a storage device), is represented by a file. Reading from Sysman files obtains active information from devices being managed by Sysman. Writing to Sysman files initiates tasks such as turning on/off server blades, discovering new devices, and changing the boot order of a blade. The combination of the file access semantics and existing UNIX utilities such as grep and find that operate on multiple files allow the creation of very short but powerful system management procedures for large clusters. Sysman is an extensible framework and has a simple interface through which new system management procedures can be easily added. We show that by using a few lines of Linux commands system management operations can be issued to more than 2000 servers in one second and the results can be collected at a rate of more than seven servers per second. We have been using Sysman (and its earlier implementations) in a cluster of Intel and PowerPC blade servers containing hundreds of blades with various software configurations.
Stem Cells and Aging

With age, the ability to maintain organ homeostasis and cellular regenerative capacity diminishes. The stem cell theory of aging posits that this decline in homeostasis occurs as a result of functional depletion of the adult stem cell pool by death, injury, senescence, cell cycle arrest, or differentiation. The functionality of the adult stem cell pool depends upon conserved molecular pathways, which ensure the optimal balance between self-renewal, quiescence, and differentiation. In this chapter, we focus on molecular events that converge on a final common path through the tumor suppressor p53 and its downstream target, the cell cycle inhibitor p21Cip1/Waf1 (p21). Both intrinsic, nuclear defects such as unrepaired DNA damage or laminopathies that disturb the integrity of the nuclear membrane and chromatin, and extrinsic defects in the stem cell milieu that are transmitted to the stem cell by receptor-mediated signaling cascades, can activate p53 and turn on p21 transcription in stem cells. The increased load of p21 inhibits the regenerative potential of stem cells, limiting cell turnover, maintenance of tissue function, and, ultimately, life span.
The Research Laboratory: Silicon Valley’s Knowledge Ecosystem

Silicon Valley is an ideal research laboratory for studying super-flexibility. Living on the cutting edge of technology and innovation, nothing stays stable for long. Competitive landscapes habitually transform, almost overnight. New start-ups keep the incumbents on their toes. Multi-cultural entrepreneurs bring in diverse recipes from all over the world. Knowledge workers change jobs and move between assignments. New players create novel solutions; and today’s successful “stars” habitually become tomorrow’s “black holes”.
Properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wee1 and its differential regulation of p34CDC28 in response to G1 and G2 cyclins.

Abstract Wee1 is a protein kinase that negatively regulates p34cdc2 kinase activity. We have identified a Saccharomyces cerevisiae wee1 homolog encoded by the SWE1 gene. SWE1 overexpression arrests cells in G2 with short spindles whereas deletion of SWE1 did not alter the cell cycle but did eliminate the G2 delay observed in mih1- mutants. Swe1 immunoprecipitates were capable of tyrosine phosphorylating and inactivating p34CDC28 complexed with Clb2, a G2-type cyclin, but not p34CDC28 complexed with Cln2, a G1-type cyclin, consistent with the inability of Swe1 overexpression to inhibit the G1/S transition. These results suggest that specific cyclin subunits target p34CDC28 for distinct regulatory controls which may be important for ensuring proper p34CDC28 function during the cell cycle.
Role of Surface Chemistry on Nanoparticle Dispersion and Vanadium Ion Crossover in Nafion Nanocomposite Membranes.

While the introduction of nanoparticles into Nafion membranes has proven to be a viable method to tune the ion selectivity in energy storage technologies such as the vanadium redox flow battery, there still remains a limited understanding of the fundamental mechanism by which the nanoparticles selectively restrict ion crossover. Herein, the surface chemistry and loading of SiO2 nanoparticles (SiNPs) were systematically varied to elucidate the relationship between nanoparticle dispersion (or dispersion state) and vanadium ion permeability in Nafion nanocomposite membranes. Specifically, nanoparticle surface functionalization was altered to achieve both attractive (amine-functionalized) and repulsive (unfunctionalized and sulfonic acid-functionalized) electrostatic interactions between the SiNPs and the ionic groups of Nafion. At a nanoparticle loading of 5 wt %, membranes containing unfunctionalized and amine-functionalized SiNPs demonstrated ∼25% reduction in vanadium ion permeability as compared to unmod...
Guidance for decisions using the Vector Autoregressive Spatio-Temporal (VAST) package in stock, ecosystem, habitat and climate assessments

Abstract Fisheries scientists provide stock, ecosystem, habitat, and climate assessments to support interdisplinary fisheries management in the US and worldwide. These assessment activities have evolved different models, using different review standards, and are communicated using different vocabulary. Recent research shows that spatio-temporal models can estimate population density for multiple locations, times, and species, and that this is a “common currency” for addressing core goals in stock, ecosystem, habitat, and climate assessments. I therefore review the history and “design principles” for one spatio-temporal modelling package, the Vector Autoregressive Spatio-Temporal (VAST) package. I then provide guidance on fifteen major decisions that must be made by users of VAST, including: whether to use a univariate or multivariate model; when to include spatial and/or spatio-temporal variation; how many factors to use within a multivariate model; whether to include density or catchability covariates; and when to include a temporal correlation on model components. I finally demonstrate these decisions using three case studies. The first develops indices of abundance, distribution shift, and range expansion for arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) in the Eastern Bering Sea, showing the range expansion for this species. The second involves “species ordination” of eight groundfishes in the Gulf of Alaska bottom trawl survey, which highlights the different spatial distribution of flathead sole (Hippoglossoides elassodon) relative to sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) and dover sole (Microstomus pacificus). The third involves a short-term forecast of the proportion of coastwide abundance for five groundfishes within three spatial strata in the US West Coast groundfish bottom trawl survey, and predicts large interannual variability (and high uncertainty) in the distribution of lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus). I conclude by recommending further research exploring the benefits and limitations of a “common currency” approach to stock, ecosystem, habitat, and climate assessments, and discuss extending this approach to optimal survey design and economic assessments.
Mechanisms for the metabolic success of bariatric surgery.

To date, bariatric surgery remains the most effective strategy for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. However, given the enormity of the obesity epidemic, and sometimes variable results, it is not a feasible strategy for the treatment of all obese patients. A simple PubMed search for 'bariatric surgery' reveals over 28 000 papers that have been published since the 1940s when the first bariatric surgeries were performed. However, there is still an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms for the weight loss and metabolic success of surgery. An understanding of the mechanisms is important because it may lead to greater understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity and thus surgery-alternative strategies for the treatment of all obese patients. In this review, the potential mechanisms that underlie the success of surgery are discussed, with a focus on the potential endocrine, neural and other circulatory factors (eg, bile acids) that have been proposed to play a role.
Henry Boernstein, Radical, and The Mysteries of St. Louis as a Political Novel

German-American author Henry Boernstein’s highly charged novel, The Mysteries of St. Louis, was serialized in the leading German-language newspaper Anzeiger des Westens in 1851. Boernstein’s text, a classic melodrama about immigration following the model of the then-popular city mysteries, sought to achieve an alliance of the popular and the political elite, an alliance that would yield not simply a “New Germany,” the utopian community sought by the Giessen Emigration Society on the Western frontier. Through his novel, Boernstein created instead a formula for a viable and enduring German identity that embraced political activism within the framework of the new United States, which was soon to experience Civil War.
Precancerous Lesions of the Cervix

The main malignancies involving the cervix include squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, the latter with various subtypes. Human papilloma virus (HPV) plays a critical role in the development of both squamous and glandular lesions, at least with respect to the usual type of adenocarcinoma, whereas other variants have less association and a few, including gastric type adenocarcinoma and mesonephric carcinoma, are known to be HPV-independent.
Small-pixel x-ray hybrid CMOS detectors: a candidate for the high-definition x-ray imager on Lynx

The High Definition X-ray Imager (HDXI) is one of three planned instruments for the next generation Lynx mission concept and would provide fine spatial resolution X-ray imaging and moderate spectral resolution over a wide field-of-view. The instrument is baselined to rapidly read out large silicon focal plane arrays consisting of small pixels. We present the most recent results from small-pixel X-ray hybrid CMOS detectors that are designed to meet these needs. These devices implement crosstalk-eliminating capacitive transimpedance amplifiers as well the ability to perform in-pixel correlated double sampling, and have achieved noise and spectral resolution approaching the notional requirements of Lynx-HDXI. Read noise as low as 5.4 e- (RMS) has been measured, along with energy resolution (FWHM) as good as 158 eV at 5.9 keV, 78 eV at 0.52 keV, and 71 eV at 0.28 keV.
Oxidized Dextran as a Macromolecular Crosslinker Stabilizes the Zein/Caseinate Nanocomplex for the Potential Oral Delivery of Curcumin

In this study, we prepared complex nanoparticles from a combination of two proteins and one polysaccharide for the encapsulation and delivery of lipophilic bioactive compounds. Two proteins, zein and sodium caseinate (NaCas), provided a hydrophobic core for the encapsulation of a lipophilic compound (curcumin), while a polysaccharide dialdehyde, oxidized dextran, served as the coating material and macromolecular crosslinker to create covalent linkage with two proteins for stabilization purposes. The heating time and crosslinker concentration were optimized to achieve the desirable colloidal stability in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Our results suggested that heating time played a more important role than the concentration of oxidized dextran. The optimized complex nanoparticles had a particle size of around 150 nm with a PDI 90% at 10% loading. A rather slow kinetic release profile of curcumin from complex nanoparticles was observed under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The complex nanoparticles prepared from zein, NaCas, and oxidized dextran hold promising potential for the oral delivery of lipophilic bioactive compounds.
Tools for coverage testing: necessary but not sufficient

Testing is recognized as a fundamental part of Software Development. Tools for unit testing and coverage testing are becoming widely used; they are necessary, but not sufficient, to demonstrate that a piece of software works correctly. While various forms of path coverage are reported by coverage tools, a tester cannot rely only on this. Two simple functions are used to illustrate this with JUnit and Clover. These examples should be useful in a classroom setting when discussing software testing techniques.
Disruptive Incumbents: Platform Competition in an Age of Machine Learning

Recent advances in machine learning have reinforced the competitive position of leading online platforms. This Essay identifies two important sources of platform rivalry and proposes ways to maximize their competitive potential under existing antitrust law. A nascent competitor is a threatening new entrant that, in time, might become a full-fledged platform rival. A platform’s acquisition of a nascent competitor should be prohibited as an unlawful acquisition or maintenance of monopoly. A disruptive incumbent is an established firm — often another platform — that introduces fresh competition in an adjacent market. Antitrust enforcers should take a more cautious approach, on the margin, when evaluating actions taken by a disruptive incumbent to compete with an entrenched platform.
High-Frequency Transformer Design for LLC Resonant Converter with High Insulation Capability

Due to high efficiency and simple structure, LLC resonant converter is a promising topology for developing solid-state transformers. The heart of an LLC converter is the high frequency transformer that provides necessary insulation and step-up/down between primary and secondary sides. In addition, the efficiency of the transformer is a critical factor as it processes the entire power. This becomes even more challenging when circuit switching frequency is raised for shrinking passive component sizes, as skin effect and other non-ideal effects start to kick in. In solid-state transformer applications, size, efficiency and insulation have stringent specifications and meeting all requirements at once is not a simple task. Therefore, this paper presents multiple perspectives in terms of transformer design in an LLC converter and demonstrates with a 3-kW transformer capable of more than 15 kV insulation. Testing results show peak converter efficiency of 98.9% with transformer power density of 480 W/in3.
The Performance of Emotion Classifiers for Children With Parent-Reported Autism: Quantitative Feasibility Study

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction, and restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests. The incidence of ASD has increased in recent years; it is now estimated that approximately 1 in 40 children in the United States are affected. Due in part to increasing prevalence, access to treatment has become constrained. Hope lies in mobile solutions that provide therapy through artificial intelligence (AI) approaches, including facial and emotion detection AI models developed by mainstream cloud providers, available directly to consumers. However, these solutions may not be sufficiently trained for use in pediatric populations. Objective: Emotion classifiers available off-the-shelf to the general public through Microsoft, Amazon, Google, and Sighthound are well-suited to the pediatric population, and could be used for developing mobile therapies targeting aspects of social communication and interaction, perhaps accelerating innovation in this space. This study aimed to test these classifiers directly with image data from children with parent-reported ASD recruited through crowdsourcing. Methods: We used a mobile game called Guess What? that challenges a child to act out a series of prompts displayed on the screen of the smartphone held on the forehead of his or her care provider. The game is intended to be a fun and engaging way for the child and parent to interact socially, for example, the parent attempting to guess what emotion the child is acting out (eg, surprised, scared, or disgusted). During a 90-second game session, as many as 50 prompts are shown while the child acts, and the video records the actions and expressions of the child. Due in part to the fun nature of the game, it is a viable way to remotely engage pediatric populations, including the autism population through crowdsourcing. We recruited 21 children with ASD to play the game and gathered 2602 emotive frames following their game sessions. These data were used to evaluate the accuracy and performance of four state-of-the-art facial emotion classifiers to develop an understanding of the feasibility of these platforms for pediatric research. Results: All classifiers performed poorly for every evaluated emotion except happy. None of the classifiers correctly labeled over 60.18% (1566/2602) of the evaluated frames. Moreover, none of the classifiers correctly identified more than 11% (6/51) of the angry frames and 14% (10/69) of the disgust frames. Conclusions: The findings suggest that commercial emotion classifiers may be insufficiently trained for use in digital approaches to autism treatment and treatment tracking. Secure, privacy-preserving methods to increase labeled training data are needed to boost the models’ performance before they can be used in AI-enabled approaches to social therapy of the kind that is common in autism treatments.
Stroke Risk Following Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy.

Background and Purpose:Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as stress cardiomyopathy, is an increasingly recognized cause of left ventricular dysfunction. Previously considered a benign disease, Ta...
Subtractive patterning: High-resolution electrohydrodynamic jet printing with solvents

Advancements in 3D printing have initiated a paradigm in device fabrication. Electrohydrodynamic jet (e-jet) printing is a high-resolution 3D printing method that enables customizable patterning of thin-film structures, while reducing fabrication complexity and achieving high-resolution patterns with a wide variety of materials. However, to date, e-jet printing has focused on additive material deposition, rather than patterning through material subtraction. This work proposes displacement-based e-jet printing using solvent inks for subtractive patterning of polymer thin films, with microscale resolution in the x–y plane and nanoscale control in the z (dissolving) direction. The behavior of displacement-based e-jet printing is characterized using atomic force microscopy, and two methodologies are developed for controlling the linewidth and displaced depth. An example of area-selective thin film deposition on displacement-based e-jet patterns is provided to demonstrate the applicability of this patterning technique for printable microscale devices.
Chromatin regulatory genes differentially interact in networks to facilitate distinct GAL1 activity and noise profiles

Controlling chromatin state constitutes a major regulatory step in gene expression regulation across eukaryotes. While global cellular features or processes are naturally impacted by chromatin state alterations, little is known about how chromatin regulatory genes interact in networks to dictate downstream phenotypes. Using the activity of the canonical galactose network in yeast as a model, here, we measured the impact of the disruption of key chromatin regulatory genes on downstream gene expression, genetic noise and fitness. Using Trichostatin A and nicotinamide, we characterized how drug-based modulation of global histone deacetylase activity affected these phenotypes. Performing epistasis analysis, we discovered phenotype-specific genetic interaction networks of chromatin regulators. Our work provides comprehensive insights into how the galactose network activity is affected by protein interaction networks formed by chromatin regulators.
Expanded use of tranexamic acid is safe and decreases transfusion rates in patients with geriatric hip fractures.

Objectives To determine the effect of a standardized tranexamic acid (TXA) protocol on red blood cell transfusions and adverse events in fragility hip fracture patients. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Academic Tertiary Care Center. Patients/participants Series of 209 patients with fragility hip fractures treated operatively from April 1, 2019 to September 30, 2019. Intervention Eligible patients received 4 intravenous doses of TXA. Some patients missed doses and only received between 1 and 3 doses of TXA: Ineligible patients received no TXA. Patients with medical conditions precluding the use of TXA were deemed ineligible: allergy to TXA; creatinine clearance 48 hours prior to presentation. Main outcome measures Red blood cell transfusion; major adverse vascular events; minor drug related adverse events. Results Patients who received all 4 doses of TXA (n = 70) had a significantly lower transfusion rate compared to those who did not receive any TXA (7.1% vs 28.1%, P = .003). There were no significant differences in the number of major or minor adverse events between the 2 groups. Conclusions The use of a standardized TXA protocol of 4 doses significantly decreases transfusion rates in eligible patients undergoing operative intervention for fragility hip fracture without an increase in major or minor adverse events. These findings are even more pronounced in patients with decreased preoperative hemoglobin.Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level III.
The Impact of Internationalization on the Diversification–Performance Relationship

Abstract Most strategic management researchers defend related diversification as yielding superior performance vis-a-vis unrelated strategies. However, empirical results on this subject have sometimes been inconsistent with this position, prompting a search for moderating conditions. Based on a theory of international impediments to synergy formation, we attempted to replicate Bettis and Hall's (1982) findings using a sample of predominantly domestic Fortune 500 firms. We divided these firms into two groups—product-related ( n = 23) and unrelated ( n = 47) corporations—and assessed group differences in performance (5-year average return on assets (ROA) spanning 1985–1989) and risk (the standard deviation of ROA over the same time frame). Parallel to Bettis and Hall, we found that differences in ROA were significant (F[1,69] = 4.99, p Bettis and Hall's (1982) study, we tested a more inclusive model across a sample of firms, including multinationals. This expanded diversification–performance model was based on a sample including multinational firms from the Fortune 500, separating these again into product-related ( n = 78) and unrelated ( n = 83) concerns. After including control variables (firm size, debt, and global relatedness/unrelatedness) as covariates in the model, we used a multivariate analysis of variance (MANCOVA) test to look for differences in accounting (ROA and return on sales (ROS)) and market (market-to-book value) returns, and accounting (standard deviation of ROA and ROS) and market (systematic, unsystematic, and total) risk. In this test, group differences were not significant (multivariate F[8,146] = 1.654, ns), although size and debt emerged as significant covariates. Taken together, these findings support the international impediments theory, showing that although domestic product-related firms may outperform unrelated diversifiers, these differences do not seem to generalize to multinationals. Despite recent criticisms, our findings suggest that the relatedness synergy framework may yet apply, although only for domestic firms. We recognize the limitations of our study; however, the conclusions of this research are more important than ever, because American firms are internationalizing their operations at an increasing rate.