cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Can Humankind Deliberate on a Global Scale? Alfarabi and the Politics of the Inhabited World

Alfarabi treats the question of global governance more thoroughly than any of his Greek predecessors. The key to understanding his view of the matter lies with his highly selective use of the term “inhabited world” across several works. Citing the inhabited world's enormous size, immeasurable diversity, and frequently inhospitable terrain, Alfarabi rejects the possibility that its entirety will ever be governed politically. Furthermore, Alfarabi omits the term “inhabited world” from his most important accounts of deliberation and legislation. The implication is that in Alfarabi's view no statesman or prophet can ever deliberate about, or legislate for, the whole of the inhabited world. The scope and multiplicity of the political accidents occurring within this vast domain are too great for any deliberator or group of deliberators to adequately grasp. The consequence is that any given political action or piece of legislation concerns at most several nations. Alfarabi's discussion helps to reveal the limited scope of most political decisions today, which often appear to be global but in fact do not involve more than several nations.
Shakespeare and Queer Theory

This essay reviews Shakesqueer: A Queer Companion to the Complete Works of Shakespeare, edited by Madhavi Menon. While discussing many of the book’s impressive contributions to queer Shakespeare studies, the essay argues against casting Shakespeare as a queer theorist and embracing a purely negative definition of queerness.
Success factors in dealing with significant change in an organization

Purpose – As organizations attempt to deal with change that is transforming, research has identified factors that need to be present in order to optimize the change transformation. The purpose of this research paper is to focus on those critical success factors.Design/methodology/approach – After presenting a summary of the identified success factors, a combined quantitative and qualitative research methodology focusing on a single case study examines these critical factors in more depth.Findings – Presented are identified factors of previous research, and two additional critical factors are revealed: flexible curriculum – the need for a comprehensive action plan having a prescribed curriculum; and perception of personal gain – the need to present a clear understanding addressing the aspirations and individual personal goals of those who are both involved and affected by the significant change.Research limitations/implications – Beyond the limitations inherent in conducting both qualitative and quantitati...
Effects of prepubertal gonadectomy on a male‐typical behavior and excitatory synaptic transmission in the amygdala

Mammalian puberty entails the emergence of behaviors such as courtship, coitus, and territorial aggressiveness. In adult rodents, the medial amygdala (MeA) is an important site for gonadal steroid hormone regulation of social behaviors and is sensitive to changes in the level of gonadal steroids. Here we show that prepubertal gonadectomy of male rats reduces the expression of a sexually dimorphic behavior, juvenile rough-and-tumble play, as well as the level of excitatory synaptic transmission assayed in adulthood. Behavioral observations in juveniles showed that gonadectomy reduced the initiation of playful attacks, particularly between postnatal days 31–35. Whole-cell voltage clamp recordings made in slices from adults showed that gonadectomy also reduced the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in MeA neurons without affecting paired pulse facilitation, an index of vesicle release probability. Since mEPSC frequency can reflect the number of excitatory synapses per neuron, we also compared the dendritic morphology of Lucifer Yellow filled neurons from intact and gonadectomized adults. This showed that gonadectomy significantly reduced the density of dendritic spines without affecting overall dendritic length or branching of MeA neurons, which is consistent with a gonadectomy-induced reduction in the number of excitatory synapses. These findings suggest that peripubertal androgens activate rough-and-tumble play, and promote the maintenance and/or development of new excitatory synapses in the MeA.
Spanning tree approach in all-terminal network reliability expansion

A method is presented to maximize the reliability improvement of a communication network through a new edge addition between an existing node pair of the network. The method does not require the numerical reliability functions for determining such a node pair. The node pairs are compared by the number of spanning trees generated as a result of the connection of an additional link, and then the node pair connection, which results in generating the largest number of spanning trees, is determined. The counting process for the number of spanning trees of the expanded network is based on the degree matrix (DM) of the network.
Sympathy for the devil? The physiological and psychological effects of being an agent (and target) of dissent during intragroup conflict

Abstract Research has accumulated on the impact of intragroup conflict on group outcomes, but little is known about the effects of dissent on the individuals who provide it. Here, we examined how being the agent and target of dissent impacted physiological responses and psychological needs. Groups of three (a participant and two confederates) completed a marketing task. Participants were assigned to an agent of dissent, target of dissent, or inclusion control role. Agents of dissent exhibited an approach-motivated cardiovascular profile: low vascular resistance and rapid sympathetic recovery. Conversely, targets displayed avoidance responses: vasoconstriction. Role assignment also impacted basic psychological needs. Targets experienced threats to all fundamental needs, but agents only exhibited threats to belonging and self-esteem (not control or meaningful existence) needs. Taken together, agents and targets of dissent responded vastly differently in this group performance context. Implications for health and performance are discussed.
Emotion and dance in dynamic light displays

Subjects viewed and interpreted a videotape composed of point light displays from figures representing different dances and emotions. Even without cues from the face, the subjects accurately identified the dances and emotions. Discussion includes the influence of labeling, the sound of silence, sex differences in nonverbal recognition, and the alarm hypothesis about priority in recognition of emotions that threaten survival.
Vein Involvement During Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Is There a Need for Redefinition of “Borderline Resectable Disease”?

Current National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend neoadjuvant therapy for borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma to increase the likelihood of achieving R0 resection. A consensus has not been reached on the degree of venous involvement that constitutes borderline resectability. This study compares the outcome of patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with or without vein resection without neoadjuvant therapy. A multi-institutional database of patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy was reviewed. Patients who required vein resection due to gross vein involvement by tumor were compared to those without evidence of vein involvement. Of 492 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy, 70 (14 %) had vein resection and 422 (86 %) did not. There was no difference in R0 resection (66 vs. 75 %, p = NS). On multivariate analysis, vein involvement was not predictive of disease-free or overall survival. This is the largest modern series examining patients with or without isolated vein involvement by pancreas cancer, none of whom received neoadjuvant therapy. Oncological outcome was not different between the two groups. These data suggest that up-front surgical resection is an appropriate option and call into question the inclusion of isolated vein involvement in the definition of “borderline resectable disease.”
Mars: Water Vapor in Its Atmosphere

Water vapor abundance in Mars atmosphere determined from spectrograms, noting restricted existence on surface
A nonlinear viscoelastic model for polymer solutions and melts—II

Abstract A rheological model for polymeric fluids is proposed. This model can describe non-Newtonian viscosity, shear-rate-dependent normal stresses, frequently-dependent complex viscosity, stress relaxation after large-deformation shear flow, recoil, and hysteresis loops. The model may be expanded in such a way as to get an approximate model valid for slowly-varying flows.
Temporal coding in rhythm tasks revealed by modality effects

Temporal coding has been studied by examining the perception and reproduction ofrhythms and by examining memory for the order of events in a list. We attempt to link these research programs both empirically and theoretically. Glenberg and Swanson (1986) proposed that the superior recall of auditory material, compared with visual material, reflects more accurate temporal coding for the auditory material. In this paper, we demonstrate that a similar modality effect canbe produced in a rhythm task. Auditory rhythmscomposed of stimuli of two durations are reproducedmore accurately than are visual rhythms. Furthermore, it appears that the auditory superiority reflects enhanced chunking ofthe auditory material rather than better identification of durations.
On the stability of sub-stoichiometric uranium oxides

Abstract The oxidation of clean, high-purity polycrystalline uranium metal surfaces for low exposures to dry oxygen was studied with AES and XPS in an attempt to substantiate claims for the formation of a stable UO surface phase at ambient temperatures. We found no evidence for such a surface phase and found instead that grossly sub-stoichiometric surface oxides were formed after sequential oxygen saturation and heating.
Low /spl eta/ scaling of K-shell emission with mass and Z

Summary form only given, as follows. Because of the large amount of kinetic energy and mass needed for efficient production of K-shell emission from a high Z plasma, high Z experiments will likely take place at low /spl eta/ values. Since there has been no systematic theoretical or experimental investigation of K-shell yield scaling with mass and atomic number Z in the low /spl eta/ regime, an investigation was recently undertaken in preparation for future high Z experiments. In particular aluminum, titanium, and krypton plasmas were studied. The results of this study have identified the following problem areas: low /spl eta/ plasmas remain in an inefficient mass (or I/sup 4/) scaling regime at much higher masses than predicted by our earlier work which was based on /spl eta/>3 calculations, more energy than predicted by the earlier scaling laws will apparently be needed to obtain significant amounts of krypton K-shell emission. In addition time dependent ionization dynamics plays an increasingly important role in K-shell scaling as the Z of the load increases. The ramifications of each of these findings in terms of design of future experiments and goals are discussed.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing pituitary carcinoma with intracranial metastases.

Background Pituitary carcinomas are rare and challenging clinical entities. Because of the paucity of cases, there is limited information in the literature on how best to diagnose and treat pituitary carcinomas. Methods We review the literature and describe a woman who presented with an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary macroadenoma that later evolved into a carcinoma with intracranial metastases. Results A 39-year-old woman presented at age 27 with classic findings of Cushing's syndrome and a pituitary macroadenoma. Her initial treatment was transsphenoidal surgery, during which we confirmed an ACTH-secreting pituitary neoplasm. For 5 years, she was asymptomatic before her first recurrence. During the next 6 years, she underwent four transsphenoidal surgeries and two craniotomies. After each surgery, there was some reduction in the size of the macroadenoma but the residual tumor mass would rapidly enlarge. Immunochemical staining was positive for ACTH, and a stain for Ki-67 antigen showed a high mitotic index. Eleven years after her initial presentation, magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral hippocampal and tempero-occipital masses. The patient's health continued to deteriorate, largely from complications of severe hypercortisolemia, and she died from sepsis. At postmortem, the hippocampus and tempero-occipital lobe masses proved to be a pituitary tumor with positive ACTH staining. Conclusions Pituitary carcinomas are rare, may present many years after diagnosis of a primary pituitary adenoma, and should be suspected in patients with persistent or recurrent disease. Reliable histopathologic ways to distinguish between carcinoma and adenoma are difficult because the features of hypercellularity, nuclear pleomorphism, and mitotic figures are not always helpful.
Diphenhydramine as a protective agent in a rat model of acute, lethal organophosphate poisoning.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of diphenhydramine chloride (DPH) on mortality in a rat model of acute, severe organophosphate poisoning (OP). Methods: Wistar rats (n = 40) were randomized to pretreatment with either normal saline (controls), 5 mg/kg atropine, 3 mg/kg DPH, 15 mg/kg DPH, or 30 mg/kg DPH given as a single intramuscular injection 5 minutes prior to a subcutaneous injection of 25 mg/kg dichlorvos (n = 8 per group). The primary endpoint was 10-minute survival. Survival at 24 hours was a secondary endpoint. Comparison of survival rates between groups was carried out by ANOVA and the Student-Newman-Keuls test. Results: Dichlorvos exposure resulted in profound fasciculations within 2 minutes of injection in all cohorts. In controls, fasciculations were followed by respiratory arrest within 10 minutes (0% survival). The rats receiving atropine pre-treatment exhibited similar fasciculations (nicotinic effects) without subsequent respiratory arrest, resulting in a significant improvement in survival (88%, p < 0.001). The DPH-treated rats exhibited a significant dose-dependent reduction in mortality, with the 3 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, and 30 mg/kg groups demonstrating 0%, 25%, and 100% survival, respectively. There was no additional mortality between 10 minutes and 24 hours in any group. There was no significant difference in survival between the high-dose DPH and the atropine groups. Conclusions: Diphenhydramine chloride significantly reduced mortality in rats with acute, severe dichlorvos exposure.
Expression and purification of the Bacillus anthracis protective antigen domain 4.

The protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the anthrax disease. The fourth domain of PA (PA-D4) is responsible for initial binding of the anthrax toxin to the cellular receptor, and thus, is an attractive target for structure-based drug therapies. A synthetic gene for PA-D4 has been prepared by recursive PCR. PA-D4 has been expressed as a fusion protein in Escherichia coli. PA-D4 has been purified to near homogeneity and its identity has been verified by mass spectrometry. The recombinant PA-D4 exhibits CD and NMR spectra that suggest that it is folded and amenable for biophysical studies. Moreover, recombinant PA-D4 binds to HeLa cells, which suggests that recombinant PA-D4 is functional to bind to its cellular receptor.
The Stability of Nitric Oxide in Acid Solutions

Abstract Aqueous acid solutions of nitric oxide (NO) are used as a source for this species in chemical and biological experiments. To utilize known quantities of NO, it is necessary to determine the escape rate of NO from these solutions. Escape rates at constant temperature are concentration dependent. The rate constants at 25°C are 3.26 × 10−6, 2.7 × 10−7, and 1.44 × 10−7min−1for 0.2, 0.01, and 0.001 mol/L solutions, respectively. The escape rates are further reduced upon lowering the temperature. The half times of escape from 0.2 and 0.01 mol/L solutions are 18 and 280 min at 25°C but 350 and 490 min at 0°C, respectively.
A proof of the montague-plemmons-schein theorem on maximal subgroups of the semigroup of binary relations

The theorem in question is that the group of automorphisms of a partially ordered set (X,π), π denoting the order relation on the set X, is isomorphic to the maximal subgroup of ℬx containing π, where ℬx is the semigroup of all binary relations on X. This theorem is due to Montague and Plemmons [1] for the case X finite or countably infinite, and was extended by Schein to the general case, using a theorem due to Zaretsky [4]. A proof of the general case, based on [1] and results due to Plemmons and West [3], is also given in the preceding note by Plemmons and Schein [2]. The purpose of this note is to give an entirely self-contained proof of this intersesting theorem.
Estimating the activation energy for hydrogen abstraction reactions by a combination of semiempirical calculation and family correlation

A semiempirical method, the PM3-family-correlation (PM3-FC) method, has been developed to estimate the activation energies for hydrogen abstraction reactions between hydrocarbon radicals and hydrogen donors. The method combines semiempirical PM3 calculations of transition state enthalpies [ΔH°f(TS)] with family correlations between the PM3-calculated and experimental ΔH°f(TS) values on the basis of regression analysis. For a test set of 40 hydrogen abstraction reactions, including alkyl + alkyl−H, alkyl + allylalky−Hα/arylalkyl−Hα, and benzyl + allylalkyl−Hα/arylalkyl−Hα, it is found that the deviations between the PM3-calculated and experimental ΔH°f(TS) values are systematic and dependent on the transition state structures. The structurally homologous transition states show excellent linear correlation. Using the obtained linear regression parameters to scale the PM3-calculated ΔH°f(TS) values leads to a very significant increase in estimation accuracy. The activation energies for the whole test set are...
Analog of astrophysical magnetorotational instability in a Couette-Taylor flow of polymer fluids

We report experimental observation of an instability in a Couette-Taylor flow of a polymer fluid in a thin gap between two coaxially rotating cylinders in a regime where their angular velocity decreases with the radius while the specific angular momentum increases with the radius. In the considered regime, neither the inertial Rayleigh instability nor the purely elastic instability is possible. We propose that the observed "elastorotational" instability is an analog of the magnetorotational instability which plays a fundamental role in astrophysical Keplerian accretion disks.
Contractile Responses and Structure of Small Bronchi Isolated from Rats after 20 Months' Exposure to Ozone

Abstract Contractile Responses and Structure of Small Bronchi Isolated from Rats after 20 Months' Exposure to Ozone. Szarek, J. L., Stewart, N. L., Zhang, J. Z., Webb, J. A., Valentovic, M. A., and Catalano, P. (1995). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 28, 199-208. Short-term exposure to high concentrations of ozone has been shown to increase airway responsiveness in normal humans and in all laboratory animal species studied to date. While our knowledge concerning the pulmonary effects of single exposures to ozone has increased rapidly over recent years, the effects of repeated exposures are less understood. The goal of the present study was to determine whether airway responsiveness is increased after near-lifetime exposure to ozone. Airway segments representing approximately eighth generation airways were isolated from Fischer 344 rats of both genders that had been exposed for 6 hr per day, 5 days per week for 20 months to 0, 0.12, 0.5, or 1.0 parts per million (ppm) ozone. Circumferential tension development was measured in isolated airways in response to bethanechol, acetylcholine, and electrical field stimulation. Responsiveness of the airways to the contractile stimuli was described by the effective dose or frequency that elicited half-maximum contraction (ED50) and the maximum response. Since ozone exposure is associated with remodeling of peripheral airways, smooth muscle area was determined and tension responses were normalized to the area measurements. Before normalization of tension data to smooth muscle area, neither the ED50 nor maximum response of small bronchi to the contractile stimuli was altered after chronic ozone exposure. Smooth muscle area was greater in airways isolated from animals that had been exposed to 0.5 ppm ozone. After accounting for smooth muscle area, maximum responses of the small bronchi isolated from male rats were significantly reduced after 0.12 and 0.5 ppm ozone. Although not significant statistically, a similar trend was observed in airways isolated from female rats. These results suggest that the increase in airway responsiveness associated with acute ozone exposure does not persist during near-lifetime exposure. Although the mechanism responsible for the adaptation to the effects of O 3 on airway responsiveness is unknown, the results indicate that smooth muscle cell function was compromised by the chronic exposure. The mechanism(s) responsible for mediating this effect and the relevance of these results to humans remains to be determined.
Gravitationally induced quantum interference using a floating interferometer crystal

Abstract Since the first observation of the phase shift of a neutron de Broglie wave induced by Earth's gravity, a series of increasingly sophisticated and precise experiments were carried out at the University of Missouri Research Reactor over a period of 1980–1997, now collectively called COW experiments. This class of neutron experiments is unique in that it represents a test of the principle of equivalence on a microscopic scale and that the outcome depends upon both the gravitational acceleration g and Planck's constant h . After all these efforts, however, there is still a 0.6–0.8% discrepancy between theory and experiment. The main correction is due to the bending of the interferometer crystal blades. The goal of this new attempt is to eliminate this effect by performing a gravitationally induced quantum interference experiment with a floating interferometer crystal. This means that the crystal is immersed in a liquid of equal density, i.e. a mixture of D 2 O+ZnBr 2 . The experiment will be carried out at the Neutron Interferometer and Optics Facility of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. This paper will give an overview of the previous experiments and present the experimental technique of the floating COW experiment.
Arthroscopic alternatives to total shoulder arthroplasty: You have got to be kidding

Shoulder arthroplasty is not an ideal surgical solution for young patients with arthritis of the glenohumeral joint due to the concerns of long-term implant survival. Various open and arthroscopic procedures have been described for this patient population with varying results. Here we review current arthroscopic alternatives to total shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of glenohumeral arthritis. We also describe and present our outcomes of an all-arthroscopic technique, using fresh osteochondral allograft to correct bipolar glenohumeral arthritis in young patients.
ƒB is not larger than ƒπ: determination of the B decay constant from the B∗-B mass difference

Abstract The B meson decay constant ƒ B is determined from the recent experimental measurement of the B ∗ -B mass difference. The estimate is made in the one-gluon exchange approximation to the hyperfine splitting in the nonrelativistic two-body bound state picture. If the QCD running coupling α S relevant to bū(d) binding is set equal to unity, ƒ B is (89±3±7) MeV. if α S is equated to a value consistent with the K ∗ -K mass splitting, ƒ B is (53±2±4) MeV. Both are within the range of values predicted by the previous phenomenological analysis and MIT bag model calculations.
Magnetic reconnection in solar eruptive events of varying magnetic configurations

We study the relationship between magnetic reconnection and acceleration of filaments and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in different magnetic configurations. They occur in either quiet-Sun or active regions of either bipolar or multipolar magnetic fields, and are either or not accompanied by filament eruptions. The preliminary results of the case studies confirm the temporal correlation and magnitude scaling relationship between reconnection rate and acceleration in the early phase of eruptions. The results suggest no clear difference between events of different magnetic configurations. It is shown that the total reconnection flux, which is calculated to be 10 21-22 Mx, is proportional to the average velocities of CMEs, suggesting the important role of magnetic reconnection in the early stage of solar eruptions.
The contribution of waveform interactions to the perception of concurrent vowels

Models of the auditory and phonetic analysis of speech must account for the ability of listeners to extract information from speech when competing voices are present. When two synthetic vowels are presented simultaneously and monaurally, listeners can exploit cues provided by a difference in fundamental frequency (F0) between the vowels to help determine their phonemic identities. Three experiments examined the effects of stimulus duration on the perception of such ‘‘double vowels.’’ Experiment 1 confirmed earlier findings that a difference in F0 provides a smaller advantage when the duration of the stimulus is brief (50 ms rather than 200 ms). With brief stimuli, there may be insufficient time for attentional mechanisms to switch from the ‘‘dominant’’ member of the pair to the ‘‘nondominant’’ vowel. Alternatively, brief segments may restrict the availability of cues that are distributed over the time course of a longer segment of a double vowel. In experiment 1, listeners did not perform better when the ...
Modelling and forecasting airport passengers: a case study for an introductory forecasting course

This case study utilises monthly data on the total number of airport passengers from the Central Illinois Regional Airport to illustrate the steps required to construct and estimate two low-cost time series models for use in generating in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts: an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model and an autoregressive-seasonal-trend model. The case highlights the importance of the various stages in the development of the respective models: identification, estimation and residual diagnostics. The results of the case study reveals that the autoregressive-seasonal-trend model outperforms the ARIMA model with respect to both in-sample and out-of-sample forecasting performance.
The Crystal Structure of a Pyrrolinone−Peptide Hybrid Ligand Bound to the Human Class II MHC Protein HLA-DR1

The X-ray crystal structure of a complex between the human class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein HLA-DR1 and a bispyrrolinone−peptide hybrid ligand has been determined to 2.7 A resolution. The bispyrrolinone segment of the ligand closely mimics the polyproline type II conformation of peptide ligands bound to class II MHC molecules, emphasizing the considerable versatility of this peptidomimetic scaffold. Most hydrogen bonds conserved in all peptide/class II complexes are formed, and the side chains of the bispyrrolinone segment project into the same spaces as those occupied by side chains of bound peptides. Molecular modeling used in the design of the hybrid ligand was remarkably accurate in predicting the observed molecular interactions.
Spectral radius properties for layer potentials associated with the elastostatics and hydrostatics equations in nonsmooth domains

By producing a L2 convergent Neumann series, we prove the invertibility of the elastostatics and hydrostatics boundary layer potentials on arbitrary Lipschitz domains with small Lipschitz character and 3D polyhedra with large dihedral angles.
An advisory system for predicting and resolving airspace violations based on four-dimensional guidance techniques

New heuristics are integrated with four-dimensional guidance techniques developed by NASA in order to automate the prediction and resolution of airspace violations, and three rules are derived to reduce the amount of computation time for conflict detection. Controller experience has been used to establish techniques for resolving potential conflicts including speed control, altitude maneuvers, and horizontal flight maneuvers. Current aircraft states, flight plans, and extrapolation of aircraft trajectories are used to synthesize four-dimensional trajectories, and the state of the air traffic and the interaction between aircraft are projected into the future using the four-dimensional algorithms. The situation is immediately updated to incorporate any new information. Potential conflicts among multiple aircraft are resolved by fast sequential resolution of potential conflicts between aircraft pairs, one at a time.
Book Review: India Since 1980

Sumit Ganguly and Rahul Mukherji,India Since 1980.New Delhi: Cambridge University Press India. 2012. 200 pages. ₹ 595.
Update in thrombosis : Answers to perplexing questions

Recent clinical trials are answering some of the perplexing clinical questions about venous thromboembolism (VTE), such as the length and intensity of anticoagulation needed to prevent recurrence. We review some of these clinical trials and their implications for physicians and patients.
Messenger RNA stabilization in chicken lens development: a reexamination.

Abstract Previous studies, using actionmycin D, suggested that the rate of mRNA degradation in chicken embryo lens epthelial cells decreased sharply between Days 11 and 13 of development 9Yoshida and Kotoh, Exp. Eye Res. 11, 1971; Exp. Cell Res. 71, 1972). We repeated these studies and directly measured the effects of actinomycin on lens mRNAs. Although actinomycin decreased [3H]uridine incorporation > 90%, only modest decreasesin methionine incorporation were detected. Treatment for 6 hr had no detectable effect on δ-crystallin mRNA levels or on the relative amounts of proteins synthesized in an in vitro translation system. Unlike the pevious studies, we did not find significant changes in the stability of lens epithelial mRNAs during development.
Food intake regulation by diet-induced thermogenesis

Diet-induced thermogenesis represents energy wasted in the assimilation of food. Since this source of energy loss is variable, it has long been linked to obesity in people who assimilate food at high efficiency, the saved energy converting to adipose tissue. In this report we provide evidence to dispel that notion and, instead, show that the variability in DIT may be linked to the amount of food one consumes during the course of a meal. We call upon the well known temperature sensitive neurons in the hypothalamus acting in concert with the ventromedial nuclei to present a new version of an old 'thermostatic hypothesis' of food intake regulation.
Maps and mother goddesses in modern India.

Abstract J. B. Harley notes that ‘maps as an impersonal type of knowledge tend to “desocialize” the territory they represent; they foster the notion of a socially empty space’. Focusing on twentieth‐century India, this paper considers an alternate tradition of mapping territory in which the nation is cartographically presented to its subject‐citizens not as ‘empty social space’, but as ‘Mother India’, the Indian nation imagined as woman, mother, goddess. Through an analysis of such ‘bodyscapes’ of Mother India, I ask what is at stake in cartographically deploying the female body to map national territory. And I consider how such bodyscapes, even as they systematize a particular visual image of ‘India’, also consolidate the notion of the nation as motherland.
High-Power Broadband THz Emission from GaP Waveguides Pumped by High Power Ultrafast Fiber Lasers

Broadband THz generation is demonstrated using optical rectification in 6 mm GaP waveguides pumped by a high power ultrafast Yb-doped fiber amplifier. 120 μW THz radiation is obtained from 14 W pump power.
A computer interface for the fabrication and testing of surfactant films

A computer interface was developed for a commercially available film balance to aid in the fabrication and characterization of surfactant films spread on water substrates. The interface is compatible with other commercially available systems, easily programmable, and able to perform a variety of tasks. This interface aided in following chemical reactions which occurred in the films, describing the morphology of the films, monitoring the process of film deposition, and also studying the mechanical properties of the films.
Japan Glass Company

F. John Mathis, is a professor of international finance & banking and director of faculty, Thunderbird, the American Graduate School of International Management. Darin Narayana is former CEO and president of Bank One as well as international and visiting lecturer at Thunderbird. Paul Keat is associate professor emeritus of finance at Thunderbird. JGC sold its products in Japan but also exported 60% of its products globally, and international sales were an increasing share of total sales. Customers in several developing countries were falling behind in their payments to JGC for products that shipped several years ago. There was a danger of insolvency if an early solution could not be found. This was the reason for Kogiku’s trip to London and New York to meet with several bankers. T SENIOR MANAGEMENT ISSUE
The precipitin reaction between rheumatoid factors and gamma globulin: studies by double diffusion in agar.

By means of modified double diffusion technics in agar it has been possible to confirm previous findings that the rheumatoid factor is a 19 S gamma globulin which reacts with a fraction related to 7 S gamma globulin. With these technics, additional evidence of the existence of more than one rheumatoid factor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis has been obtained. These results suggest a close relationship of the rheumatoid factors to serologically active proteins in other disease states.
DNA sequences bound specifically by glucocorticoid receptor in vitro render a heterologous promoter hormone responsive in vivo

Glucocorticoids stimulate transcriptional initiation within integrated mammary tumor virus (MTV) DNA sequences in infected cells. We report here that production of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) RNA is stimulated as much as 50-fold by the glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, when sequences from a particular region of MTV DNA are fused upstream of the normally constitutive tk promoter region. Three cloned fragments of MTV DNA were tested, each itself lacking the sequences required for transcription initiation. We monitored the effects of dexamethasone on the efficiency with which these recombinants transfect a tk- rat cell line to a tk+ phenotype, and measured tk enzymatic activity, the size and abundance of tk mRNA, and the 5' termini of tk transcripts in the transfectants. We conclude that the MTV promoter region contains a "glucocorticoid response element" that can be separated from a second element essential for MTV transcription initiation. The hormone response element maps within a 340-base pair MTV DNA fragment that contains specific binding sites for purified glucocorticoid receptor protein in vitro, implying that receptor binding at these sites in vivo may mediate hormone responsiveness. Comparison of several different constructions indicates that the location and orientation of the glucocorticoid response element relative to the transcription start site is not rigidly constrained.
Base Excision Repair of Tandem Modifications in a Methylated CpG Dinucleotide

Cytosine methylation and demethylation in tracks of CpG dinucleotides is an epigenetic mechanism for control of gene expression. The initial step in the demethylation process can be deamination of 5-methylcytosine producing the TpG alteration and T:G mispair, and this step is followed by thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) initiated base excision repair (BER). A further consideration is that guanine in the CpG dinucleotide may become oxidized to 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), and this could affect the demethylation process involving TDG-initiated BER. However, little is known about the enzymology of BER of altered in-tandem CpG dinucleotides; e.g. Tp8-oxoG. Here, we investigated interactions between this altered dinucleotide and purified BER enzymes, the DNA glycosylases TDG and 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease 1, DNA polymerase β, and DNA ligases. The overall TDG-initiated BER of the Tp8-oxoG dinucleotide is significantly reduced. Specifically, TDG and DNA ligase activities are reduced by a 3′-flanking 8-oxoG. In contrast, the OGG1-initiated BER pathway is blocked due to the 5′-flanking T:G mispair; this reduces OGG1, AP endonuclease 1, and DNA polymerase β activities. Furthermore, in TDG-initiated BER, TDG remains bound to its product AP site blocking OGG1 access to the adjacent 8-oxoG. These results reveal BER enzyme specificities enabling suppression of OGG1-initiated BER and coordination of TDG-initiated BER at this tandem alteration in the CpG dinucleotide.
Peripheral fat loss and decline in adipogenesis in older humans

Objective Aging is associated with a redistribution of body fat including a relative loss of subcutaneous peripheral fat. These changes in body fat can have important clinical consequences since they are linked to increased risk of metabolic complications. The causes and mechanisms of loss of peripheral fat associated with aging are not clear. The aim of this study was to assess whether defects in adipogenesis contribute to fat loss in aging humans, as suggested from animal studies, and to evaluate the role of inflammation on pathogenesis of fat loss.
Error analysis of finite element methods for 3-D Maxwell's equations in dispersive media

We consider the time dependent Maxwell's equations in dispersive media on a bounded three-dimensional domain. A semi-discrete standard finite element method and a semi-discrete mixed finite element method are developed and error estimates are provided. We believe this is the first finite element error analysis carried out for Maxwell's equations in dispersive media.
Terminal insufficiency in adrenalectomized dogs maintained for three years on substitution therapy and the apparent absence of accessory cortical tissue in this species.

Accessory adrenal cortical tissue is prevalent in several mammalian species including man. After complete removal of the 2 adrenal glands, this tissue often develops sufficiently to be capable of sustaining life if the animal is maintained for some time postoperatively on substitution therapy and this is later withdrawn. The dog apparently differs from most other mammals in this respect. Sixteen long-term adrenalectomized dogs were sacrificed by withholding therapy and permitting them to succumb to adrenal insufficiency. The animals had been without adrenal cortices for 3 yr and adequately maintained during this interval on corticoids and salt. They had been frequently subjected to bouts of insufficiency, exposure to stress and used as test animals in various experiments, and then revived from prostration, circulatory failure, etc., and restored to health by treatment with glucocorticoids. Terminal insufficiency followed withholding of all treatment within 6–15 days; there were no survivors. Adrenal corti...
Experimentally controlling the quantum spectrum generated by a silicon nanophotonic chip

To demonstrate control over the quantum spectrum of light, we tune the joint spectral intensity of photon pairs generated at telecommunications wavelengths using a low-power diode-pumped compact CMOS-compatible silicon chip at room temperature.
Naturally acquired immunity as an element in strategies for the control of ticks on livestock

Risk-benefit considerations have stimulated efforts to develop technology to overcome the limitations of procedures that place excessive reliance on the use of acaricides for the control of ticks affecting cattle. One of the alternatives to acaricides is the selection and use of breeds of cattle with a natural propensity for developing acquired resistance to ticks. The literature on aspects of the modes of expression and mechanisms of resistance of cattle to ticks, is reviewed along with information on the successful efforts in Australia to develop productive Bos indicus i Bos taurus breeds with the ability to develop high levels of resistance. The use of cattle resistant to ticks is discussed in relation to other factors that should be considered in the design of a programme for tick control.
Induction of the high-affinity nerve growth factor receptor on embryonic chicken sensory nerve cells by elevated potassium

Culture medium with elevated K+ has been shown to enhance the survival of neurons isolated from several different regions of the nervous system. Nerve growth factor binds to binding sites on sensory and sympathetic neurons through two sites, one of high-affinity (K d1∼3×10−11 M) and the other of low-affinity (K d2∼2×10−9 M). Equilibrium binding data generated on dissociated cells derived from E9 chicken embryo dorsal root ganglia, has shown that there is a two-fold increase in the number of high affinity (type I) receptors, with no effect on the affinity, when cells are incubated for 2 hours in buffer containing 59 mM K+. There does not appear to be a significant change in the affinity or the number of low-affinity binding sites. This two-fold increase in type I receptors is dependent on temperature, Ca2+, and active protein synthesis. There does not appear to be an intracellular pool of the type I receptor sufficient to account for this increase. The induction is not observed on sensory nerve cells cultured in 59 mM K+ for 24 hours, either in the presence or absence of nerve growth factor. Additionally, the induction in the number of type I receptors requires that both nerve growth factor and K+ be present simultaneously. Taken in total, this data suggests that there may be a critical period in which the sensory neurons require nerve growth factor exposure to respond. Evidence is presented which indicates that nerve growth factor responsive cells are able to elicit neurites after an acute exposure to nerve growth factor of as little as 4 hours. Finally, there is an approximate two-fold decrease in the concentration of nerve growth factor needed to elicit maximal fiber outgrowth, consistent with the two-fold increase in the number of type I receptors.
CLEO/CESR future prospects

The major upgrades of the CESR e+ e− storage ring and of the CLEO detector are under way. The upgraded CESR is designed to provide 2·1033 cm−2s−1 luminosity in the symmetric collision mode. The upgraded CLEO-III experiment will be complementary to the B-factory experiments under construction on a similar time scale. We discuss these future prospects starting with a brief description of the present and past activities at CESR.
Contributions of SERCA pump and ryanodine-sensitive stores to presynaptic residual Ca2+.

The presynaptic Ca2+ signal, which triggers vesicle release, disperses to a broadly distributed residual [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]res) that plays an important role in synaptic plasticity. We have previously reported a slowing in the decay timecourse of [Ca2+]res during the second of paired pulses. In this study, we investigated the contributions of organelle and plasma membrane Ca2+ flux pathways to the reduction of effectiveness of [Ca2+]res clearance during short-term plasticity in Schaffer collateral terminals in the CA1 field of the hippocampus. We show that the slowed decay timecourse is mainly the result of a transport-dependent Ca2+ clearance process; that presynaptic caffeine-sensitive Ca2+ stores are not functionally loaded in the unstimulated terminal, but that these stores can effectively take up Ca2+ even during high frequency trains of stimuli; and that a rate limiting step of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) kinetics following the first pulse is responsible for a large portion of the observed slowing of [Ca2+]res clearance during the second pulse. We were able to accurately fit our [Ca2+]res data with a kinetic model based on these observations and this model predicted a reduction in availability of unbound SERCA during paired pulses, but no saturation of Ca2+ buffer in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Organizational form and risk taking in the savings and loan industry

Abstract I hypothesize that risk taking is greater in stock thrifts than in mutual thrifts because the residual and fixed claims are separable. I find that stock thrifts exhibit greater profit variability during the 1982–1988 period and that conversions from mutual to stock ownership are associated with increased investment in risky assets and increased profit variability. These findings illustrate the relation between the structure of residual claims, incentives, and firm performance as well as the unintended consequences resulting from changes in thrift regulations.
Magnetic polarity stratigraphy of the Neogene foreland basin deposits of Nepal

The early Miocene Dumri Formation and middle Miocene^Pliocene Siwalik Group were deposited in the Himalayan foreland basin in response to uplift and erosion in the Himalayan fold-thrust belt. We report magnetostratigraphic data from four sections of these rocks in Nepal.Three of these sections are in the Siwalik Group in the hanging wall of the Main Frontal thrust, and one section is from the Dumri Formation in the hanging wall of the Main Boundary thrust (MBT).Thermal demagnetization experiments demonstrate that laminated siltstones yield palaeomagnetic data useful for tectonic and magnetostratigraphic studies whereas other lithofacies yield data of questionable reliability. Magnetostratigraphic data have been acquired from 297 sites within a 4200-m-thick section of Siwalik deposits at Surai Khola.The observed sequence of polarity zones correlates with the geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS) from chron C5Ar.1n to chron C2r.2n, spanning the time frame ca. 12.5^2.0 Ma. At Muksar Khola (eastern Nepal), 111 palaeomagnetic sites from a 2600-m-thick section of the Siwalik Group de¢ne a polarity zonation that correlates with the GPTS from chron C4Ar.2n to chron C2Br.1r, indicating an age range of ca .1 0.0^3.5 Ma. At Tinau Khola, 121 sites from a 1824 -m-thick section of the Siwalik Group are correlated to chrons C5An.1n through C4r.1n, equivalent to the time span ca. 11.8^8.1 Ma. At Swat Khola, 68 sites within a 1200-m-thick section of lower Miocene Dumri Formation are correlated with chrons C6n through C5Bn.2n, covering the time span ca. 19.9^15.1 Ma.Together with previous results from Khutia Khola and Bakiya Khola, these data provide the ¢rst magnetostratigraphic correlation along nearly the entire NW^SE length of Nepal.The correlation demonstrates that major lithostratigraphic boundaries in the Siwalik Group are highly diachronous, with roughly 2 Myr ofvariability. In turn, this suggests that the major sedimentological changes commonly inferred to re£ect strengthening of the Asian monsoon are not isochronous. Sediment accumulation curves exhibit a 30^50% increase in accumulation rate in four of the ¢ve sections of the Siwalik Group, but the timing of this increase ranges systematically from 11.1 Ma in western Nepal to 5.3 Ma in eastern Nepal. If this increase in sediment accumulation rate is interpreted as a result of more rapid subsidence owing to thrust loading in the Himalaya, then the diachroneity of this increase suggests lateral propagation of a major thrust system, perhaps the MBT, at a rate of ca. 103 mm year 1 across the length of Nepal.