cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of intercultural sensitivity on employee performance in cross‐cultural service encounters

Purpose – The significant increase in service offerings throughout the world has caused marketing scholars to focus their attention on the characteristics of the service encounter. With the growth in global business, more attention is also being paid to cross‐culture service encounters. This study proposes adding to that trend by attempting to measure the effect of intercultural sensitivity on the cross‐cultural performance of service employees.Design/methodology/approach – Questionnaires were carried out in four‐ and five‐diamond hotels located in the state of Florida with reputations for attracting foreign guests.Findings – The results indicate that employees with high intercultural sensitivity scored significantly (p<0.05) higher than employees with low intercultural sensitivity in terms of service attentiveness, revenue contribution, interpersonal skills, job satisfaction, and social satisfaction as they relate to cross‐cultural encounters. There was no significant difference in scores for motivation‐...
Simulation of Laminated Thermoelastic Membranes

A model of thermoelasticity in laminated thin films is derived from three-dimensional considerations. Its modification to accommodate wrinkling and slackening is described and a procedure for numerical solution is developed. This is used to solve a number of equilibrium problems that exhibit the effects of heating and mechanical loading on the stress field and consequent wrinkling pattern.
A field test for competitive effects of Aedes albopictus on A. aegypti in South Florida: differences between sites of coexistence and exclusion?

We tested whether interspecific competition from Aedes albopictus had measurable effects on A. aegypti at the typical numbers of larval mosquitoes found in cemetery vases in south Florida. We also tested whether the effect of interspecific competition from A. albopictus on A. aegypti differed between sites where A. aegypti either persists or went extinct following invasion by A. albopictus. Similar experiments manipulating numbers of A. albopictus in cemetery vases were conducted at three sites of A. aegypti persistence and three sites where A. aegypti was apparently extinct. The experiments were done using numbers of larvae that were determined by observed numbers of larvae for each site, and with resources (leaf detritus) that accumulated in experimental vases placed into each field site. In both the early rainy season (when number of mosquito larvae was low) and the late rainy season (when number of mosquito larvae was high), there was a significant effect of treatment on developmental progress of experimental A. aegypti. In the late rainy season, when numbers of larvae were high, there was also a significant effect of treatment on survivorship of A. aegypti. However, the competition treatment × site type (A. aegypti persists vs extinct) interaction was never significant, indicating that the competitive effect of A. albopictus on A. aegypti did not differ systematically between persistence versus extinction sites. Thus, although competition from A. albopictus is strong under field conditions at all sites, we find no evidence that variation in the impact of interspecific competition is associated with coexistence or exclusion. Interspecific competition among larvae is thus a viable explanation for exclusion or reduction of A. aegypti in south Florida, but variation in the persistence of A. aegypti following invasion does not seem to be primarily a product of variation in the conditions in the aquatic environments of cemetery vases.
Exercising Public Authority Beyond the State: Transnational Democracy and/or Alternative Legitimation Strategies?

legitimacy of the rule of kings and princes in the medieval feudal order had a different meaning from the legitimacy of kings or princes after the emergence of the modern territorial state; and even greater changes occurred in the postFrench Revolution era and the late nineteenth century under the impact of legal positivism, when metajuridical foundations of the legitimacy of public authority became no longer acceptable. 3 In our time, dealing with the problem of the legitimacy of public authority has become additionally complicated because under the impact of globalization—understood as a process of denationalization—public authority is no longer exclusively exercised within clearly defined territorial entities, i.e. within the sovereign states. Rather, the “production of public goods” or the performance of hitherto genuinely state
Women’s Perceptions of the Personal and Family Impact of Genetic Cancer Risk Assessment: Focus Group Findings

Women with a personal or family history of breast or ovarian cancer are increasingly presenting for genetic cancer risk assessment (GCRA). To explore the personal and family impact of GCRA, four focus groups were conducted of women seen for risk assessment. Participants were 22 primarily non-Latina White women with a personal or family history of breast or ovarian cancer. Analysis of the data identified new themes related to balancing time to assimilate risk information with the need to make timely healthcare decisions, physicians’ lack of sufficient genetic knowledge, and concern for daughters regardless of the daughters’ age. Other themes related to protecting others, knowledge as empowerment, reassessing personal attribution of cancer risk, managing uncertainty, reappraising body image, and experiencing divergent family responses to communication of cancer risk and healthcare decisions. Understanding the personal and family impact of GCRA may enable genetics professionals to tailor their counseling efforts to better meet the needs of these women. Additional research is needed to extend these findings and identify interventions to support positive outcomes of GCRA.
Lipocalins and Insulin Resistance: Etiological Role of Retinol-Binding Protein 4 and Lipocalin-2?

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing dramatically worldwide. Excess adiposity is an important contributor to the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (1). Insulin resistance, inflammation, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, components of the metabolic syndrome, have been implicated in the effects of adiposity on type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, but the mechanisms responsible for these detrimental effects of adiposity have not been fully elucidated. Two paradigms are currently areas of intense study: one focused on ectopic fat and the other on the endocrine function of adipose tissue (2). Ectopic fat is present in nonadipose tissues such as the liver, muscle, and probably pancreatic β-cells. Both lipodystrophy (failure to develop adipose tissue) and obesity with full adipose cells are characterized by a lack of fat-storage capacity, resulting in overflow to other tissues of triglycerides and free fatty acids in the form of ectopic fat. Normal physiological processes can be disrupted by this ectopic fat, leading to insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. The endocrine function of adipose tissue is an important regulatory process throughout the body that is carried out by signaling proteins secreted by adipose tissue. These signaling proteins are called adipocytokines or adipokines, and they include leptin, adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6. Members of the lipocalin family of proteins have large sequence differences but share a common tertiary structure formed by segments termed lipocalin folds (3). Lipocalin folds consist of 8 antiparallel β-sheets that surround a hydrophobic pocket and allow lipocalins to function as transport or carrier proteins. Several human lipocalins have been identified, including retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), which has recently been added to the list of adipokines that may link obesity and insulin resistance (4)(5). In this issue of Clinical Chemistry , Dr. Wang and …
Multiplexed fiber Bragg grating strain-sensor system with a fiber Fabry–Perot wavelength filter

The use of a fiber Fabry–Perot filter for detecting the wavelength shift of a fiber Bragg grating sensor or network of sensor elements along a commonfiber path is described. Results obtained by using a system with four sensor elements are presented.
Guns and Violence: The English Experience

Introduction 1. The Middle Ages: Laws, Outlaws, and Crimes of Violence 2. The Tudor-Stuart Centuries: Revolution in Church, State, and Armaments 3. The Eighteenth Century: "Fruitful in the Inventions of Wickedness" 4. The Nineteenth Century: "An Era of Rare Success" 5. 1900-1953: The Government Takes Control 6. 1953-2000: Only the Criminals Have the Guns 7. More Guns More Crime or More Guns Less Crime? The American Case 8. The Right Equation Appendix: Firearm Licences in England and Wales Notes Index
The humanist and computer-assisted library research

Because of the success of this project as measured by the favorable comments of the participants as well as the increased search activity, the Council on the Humanities awarded an additional $1000 to continue the project in the spring of 1985. As an added feature of the new proposal, a workshop is planned for chairs of the various humanities departments as well as other interested humanists. The aim will be to encourage them and their colleagues to increase their involvement in automated literature searching, as well as to encourage their graduate students to use the service. With continued support, greater awareness of the service, and more extensive coverage of existing and future databases,3 a steady increase in computer-assisted bibliographic searching among humanists is definitely possible.
A comparison of autoplastic, allogeneic and xenogeneic perfusion of isolated kidneys

Summary Kidneys of pigs, monkeys and rabbits were perfused by dogs, and kidneys of dogs were similarly perfused by domestic pigs and by a strain of miniature pigs. Autoplastic and allogeneic perfusions of dog and pig kidneys served as control experiments. Although modest differences were noted in the rapidity of the reaction when different combinations of animals were used, the xenogeneic perfusion systems tested were characterized by rapidly developing diminution and, finally, cessation of renal blood flow, by retention of platelets and leukocytes in the kidneys, and by renal edema, vascular congestion and hemorrhage with foci of damage to endothelium. This reaction, as it occurred in pig kidneys perfused by dogs, was not modified significantly by any of a group of drugs that included serotonin antagonists, antihistaminic agents, protease inhibitors, corticosteroids, an immunosuppressive agent, and certain combinations of these. In three experiments there was evidence that, when miniature pigs were fed dog serum immediately after birth by cesarean section and were used (when they were 5 months of age) to perfuse dog kidneys, the perfused kidneys maintained normal blood flow for longer periods of time than did those perfused by untreated miniature pigs; nevertheless, acute “rejection” occurred in all tests within six hours.
Accurate CUDA performance modeling for sparse matrix-vector multiplication

This paper presents an integrated analytical and profile-based CUDA performance modeling approach to accurately predict the kernel execution times of sparse matrix-vector multiplication for CSR, ELL, COO, and HYB SpMV CUDA kernels. Based on our experiments conducted on a collection of 8 widely-used testing matrices on NVIDIA Tesla C2050, the execution times predicted by our model match the measured execution times of NVIDIA's SpMV implementations very well. Specifically, for 29 out of 32 test cases, the performance differences are under or around 7%. For the rest 3 test cases, the differences are between 8% and 10%. For CSR, ELL, COO, and HYB SpMV kernels, the differences are 4.2%, 5.2%, 1.0%, and 5.7% on the average, respectively.
Coated pits and asialoglycoprotein receptors redistribute to the substratum during hepatocyte adhesion to galactoside surfaces.

Rat hepatocytes bind in a sugar-specific and concentration-dependent manner to flat polyacrylamide matrices containing covalently attached galactosyl (Gal) groups. Previous studies (Weigel, P.H., J. Cell Biol. 87 , 855, 1980) concluded that binding was likely mediated by the asialoglycoprotein receptor. Here we confirm that adhesion is mediated by this receptor, since cell binding is inhibited by antireceptor antibody and a threshold binding response is also observed when hepatocytes adhere to surfaces coated with asialoorosomucoid, a ligand for this receptor. Cells that had bound to a Gal surface and were then sheared from the surface left a membrane patch behind on the substratum. The cytoplasmic side of these plasma membrane patches was visualized on the substratum by indirect immunofluoresence using antireceptor antibody or anticlathrin antibody. The density of punctate coated pits, visualized with the latter antibody, was enriched in a circular membrane region of about 4 μm 2 area that mediated cell binding. This zone also contained concentrated receptors, although the staining pattern with antireceptor antibody was more uniform and less punctate. The results show that both asialoglycoprotein receptors and coated pits are redistributed at the substratum interface on hepatocytes bound to Gal surfaces.
The incidence game chromatic number of paths and subgraphs of wheels

The incidence game chromatic number was introduced to unify the ideas of the incidence coloring number and the game chromatic number. We determine the exact incidence game chromatic number of large paths and give a correct proof of a result stated by Andres [S.D. Andres, The incidence game chromatic number, Discrete Appl. Math. 157 (2009) 1980-1987] concerning the exact incidence game chromatic number of large wheels.
Novel applications of information retrieval to the storage and management of computer models

Abstract Decision-making is often supported by computer-based models. To become a truly valuable corporate resource, such models must be easy to locate, share, and reuse. We describe a technical approach to model management aimed at establishing a database of computer models which can either be reused without modification or modified and composed with other models to assist with novel decisions. We describe a formalism for representing models and discuss various types of queries supported by the formalism. We discuss important research issues that must be addressed for successful application of the formalism to model management. Further, we argue that the field of information retrieval is the natural referent discipline for the study of model storage and retrieval and advance the argument that retrieving computer based models has an important connection to text retrieval based on documents' structure.
Rethinking leader-member exchange: An organizational justice perspective

Abstract The literature on leader-member exchange (LMX) is examined from an organizational justice perspective. The concepts of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice expand the LMX model to consider social comparison processes operating within work groups. A model of LMX development over time is presented that suggests that the differentiation of work groups into in-groups and out-groups has implications for the emergence of organizational justice. New research propositions based upon the model are offered to encourage further research integrating LMX and organizational justice.
Plague and the Amsterdam annuitant: a new look at life annuities as a source for historical demography.

Abstract A great deal of information about mortality can be found in the records of life annuities which were sold by governments in early modern Europe. Analysis of life annuities sold in Amsterdam in 1586–1590 and 1672–1674 shows the age-specific patterns and fluctuations in the level of mortality among an urban bourgeoisie at the beginning and end of the seventeenth century. Expectation of life at birth was approximately 25 years during the earlier period and rose to about 30 years at the end of the eighteenth century. Two major epidemics of plague stand out clearly when the records of annuitants entering the scheme between 1586 and 1590 are analysed by period. An examination of mortality in plague-free years indicates that plague reduced expectation of life at birth in early seventeenth-century Europe by about four years. Thus, most of the improvement in mortality found for the end of the century can be attributed to the absence of plague.
On Tanaka's Prolongation Procedure for Filtered Structures of Constant Type ?

We present Tanaka's prolongation procedure for filtered structures on manifolds discovered in (Tanaka N., J. Math. Kyoto. Univ. 10 (1970), 1-82) in a spirit of Singer- Sternberg's description of the prolongation of usual G-structures (Singer I.M., Sternberg S., J. Analyse Math. 15 (1965), 1-114; Sternberg S., Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1964). This approach gives a transparent point of view on the Tanaka constructions avoiding many technicalities of the original Tanaka paper.
Microbial contamination of nonsterile antibiotic market samples: a survey.

Nonsterile antibiotic samples on the U. S. market were examined for microbial contamination in a survey that included 261 batches from 38 different manufacturers. All the drugs tested were of acceptable hygienic quality in that their microbial content was minimal and innocuous.
Hecke algebras and ${\rm SL}_n$-types

Let $F$ be a non-Archimedean local field. In an earlier paper, we constructed certain types (in the sense of Bushnell and Kutzko) in $SL_n (F)$, in fact enough to describe the non-supercuspidal components of the Bernstein decomposition of this group. We now give an almost fully explicit presentation of the Hecke algebras of these types.
Polcy Rules and Targets: Framing the Central Banker's Problem

The author presents an analytical framework for the formulation of a central bank policy rule and examines some conceptual issues relating to the current debate over the effectiveness of such rules. In discussing the move by many central banks to adopt a price-level or inflation rate target - the basis for one type of rule - he suggests that central banks are implicitly changing the relative importance they attach to the goals of price and output stability. Using 1984-95 data, he shows that an effort to decrease inflation variability modestly could cause output to deviate significantly from its optimal path. The essay also addresses the influence of various types of uncertainty on policymaking, the possible justifications for interest rate smoothing, and the consequences of the fact that nominal interest rates cannot fall below zero.
On Wireless Game-Theoretic Power Control with Successive Interference Cancellation

A power control framework for selfish users in a wireless DS-CDMA uplink with imperfect successive interference cancellation is offered. After presenting a feasibility constraint and a centralized power control solution, the system is analyzed and simulated as a noncooperative game for both continuous and discrete power control cases. Assuming a fixed a priori cancellation order, a unique Nash equilibrium corresponding to a centralized solution is shown to exist in the continuous case. It is shown that the realizable gains of the SIC receiver in a game-theoretic context, although strongly dependent on spreading gain and residual cancellation error, nevertheless are significant when compared to traditional matched filter detection, as expected. If the action space is discrete and sufficiently coarse, empirical results indicate a high probability of Nash equilibrium existence.
Placental compliance during fetal extracorporeal circulation.

The fetus requires large amounts of volume when weaning from cardiac bypass. This suggests that placental vasculature can act as a large capacitor in the fetal circulation. To assess placental comp...
Renovascular disease in children and adolescents

Purpose This retrospective review describes the surgical management of renovascular disease in 25 consecutive children and adolescents with severe hypertension. Methods Patients ≤21 years of age (mean age, 11.6 ± 5.4 years; 12 females, 13 males) underwent repair of 34 renal arteries (RAs), and their management forms the basis of this report. Early and late blood pressure responses were adjusted for gender, age, and height. RA repair was evaluated by angiography, renal duplex sonography (RDS) scanning, or both. Primary patency and survival were estimated by product-limit methods. Results Thirty-four RAs among 32 kidneys were repaired. Bilateral renal RA disease to a solitary kidney was present in nine patients. RA lesions included dysplasia (44%), RA hypoplasia (20%), midaortic syndrome (12%), RA aneurysm (12%), dissection (8%), and arteritis (4%). All patients had severe hypertension (>95 th percentile systolic or diastolic pressure adjusted for gender, age, and height). RA repair comprised 25 bypasses (73%) consisting of 28% saphenous vein, 60% hypogastric artery, and 12% polytetrafluoroethylene; 2 patch angioplasties (6%), and 7 reimplantations (21%). Branch RA exposure was required in 28 kidneys (88%), and branch reconstruction was required in 61%. Warm in situ repair was used in 53%, in situ cold perfusion in 24%, and ex vivo cold perfusion in 23%. Of six bilateral RA repairs, one was staged and two patients are awaiting a staged repair. Combined aortic reconstruction was required in three patients. No unplanned nephrectomy was performed. There were no perioperative deaths. Hypertension was cured in 36%, improved in 56%, and failed in 8% at mean follow-up of 46.4 ± 7.8 months. The mean calculated glomerular filtration rate increased from 82.0 mL/min/1.73 m 2 preoperatively to 98.2 mL/min/1.73 m 2 postoperatively. The postoperative patency of 30 RA reconstructions was evaluated by angiography, RDS scanning, or both. At mean follow-up of 32.8 months (median, 21.2 months), primary RA patency was 91%. No failures were observed after 2 months follow-up. Estimated survival was 100% at 60 months, with one death 9 years after surgery. Conclusions Renovascular hypertension in children and adolescents was caused by a heterogeneous group of lesions. All patients had RA repair, with arterial autografts in most of the RA bypasses. Cold perfusion preservation was used in half of the complex branch RA repairs. These strategies provided 91% primary patency at mean follow-up of 32.8 months, with beneficial blood pressure response in 92%. Surgical repair of clinically significant renovascular disease in children and adolescents is supported by these results.
Lateral profiling of oxide charge and interface traps near MOSFET junctions

A technique for measuring the lateral distributions of both interface traps and trapped oxide charge near the source/drain junctions in MOSFETs is presented in detail. This technique derives from the charge pumping method, is easy to implement, and allows ready separation of the interface-trap and oxide charge components. Some illustrative results are given. The various issues involved in its implementation and its practical limitations are discussed. >
Analysis of RNA species of various sizes from stationary-phase planktonic yeast cells of Candida albicans

We initiated a comparison of Candida albicans stationary-phase gene expression with other growth states. The widely used hot acid phenol method for RNA extraction did not extract rRNA from late stationary-phase cells. The RNA from growing yeast cells, hyphae and biofilm was biased towards small-sized RNA. The 2 : 1 ratio between the two large rRNA bands was rarely obtained. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR was used to determine mRNA extraction by several methods for OXR1, IRA2, RAD50, PNC1 and CHS2, which have 300 bp-8 kb coding regions, and ACT1, EFB1 and TDH3, sometimes used as internal standards. Only smaller-sized cDNA species were amplified from some extracts. Crushing cells with glass beads in liquid nitrogen before RNA extraction by the hot phenol method (CGB) yielded an unbiased distribution for rRNA and mRNA as verified by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. With the CGB method, the large mRNA species, RAD50, IRA2 and OXR1, were present throughout the stationary phase, whereas the CSH2 transcript increased. The ACT1, EFB1 and TDH3 transcripts decreased in the stationary phase, making them unsuitable for standardization. The CGB method yielded high-quality RNA with the various growth conditions and permitted the comparison of stationary-phase transcripts with those obtained under other conditions.
Explantation of a 44-year-old Starr-Edwards mitral valve for delayed hemolysis.

FIGURE 1. Starr–Edwards 44-year-old explanted mitral valve, model 6120, with sewing ring removed. Valve is intact, with yellowing of ball. CLINICAL SUMMARY A 68-year-old woman was admitted 44 years after undergoing mitral valve replacement with a Starr–Edwards (SE) prosthesis (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, Calif) for rheumatic mitral valve stenosis. Since implantation of the prosthesis in 1965 via thoracotomy, the patient had done well and maintained her anticoagulation with warfarin sodium (Coumadin). She now had fatigue and anemia. Of note, 2 years earlier the patient had had third-degree heart block necessitating the implantation of a dual-chamber pacemaker. A full workup including upper and lower endoscopy did not reveal a source of bleeding. Hematologic testing showed decreased haptoglobin, a high lactic dehydrogenase value, and increased reticulocyte count, consistent with a hemolytic anemia. Bone marrow biopsy was performed, which showed erythroid hyperplasia, normocellular bone marrow, normal megakaryocytes, and absent iron, indicative of iron deficiency anemia. Despite iron replacement therapy she continued to become increasingly transfusion dependent. She received 9 units of blood in 1 month alone. Echocardiogram revealed normal prosthetic mitral valve function with a mitral valve mean gradient of 6 mm Hg, a severely calcified aortic valve with an aortic valve mean gradient of 58 mm Hg, and an aortic valve area of less than 1.0 cm. Aortic and mitral valve replacements were performed with bioprosthetic valves. Reoperative median sternotomy was performed. After standard cannulation, Sondergaard’s groove was used to expose the mitral valve. The SE valve was in good condition without paravalvar leak. The mitral valve was explanted. The SE ball and cage were undamaged (Figure 1). There was no evidence of cloth tears or pannus overgrowth. The color of the ball had changed, presumably from lipid infiltration, but the ball was otherwise without pitting or defects. The patient underwent successful aortic valve replacement with a 21-mm Edwards Magna Thermafix bovine pericardial valve (Edwards) and mitral valve replacement with a 25-mm St Jude Epic porcine valve (St Jude Medical, Inc, St Paul, Minn). The patient was discharged
Perceptions of Threat, Trust in Government and Policy Support for the War in Iraq

Public perceptions of security threats and the impact that these perceptions have on the level of popular support for related policies are mediated by the level of public trust in the national government. Constraints on information about terrorism and war increase the importance of signals received from national government as individuals assess threats and evaluate counter-threat policies. Individuals are critical consumers of information. Rather than uniformly accepting elite signals or partisan cues, they interpret and respond to government signals about ongoing threat differently depending on the degree to which they trust the government. Nation-wide panel surveys of Americans during the last three years of the George W. Bush Administration demonstrate that changes in the level of trust in the national government regarding the threat of terrorism and the war in Iraq have significant impacts on perceptions of threat and levels of policy support for U.S. counter-terrorism and war-fighting policies. These effects vary depending on whether trust in the government is defined in terms of trust in the objectivity and truthfulness of the information it provides, trust in the integrity of the politicians not to exploit that information for political or partisan purposes, and trust in the efficacy government policy. Unpacking the concept of trust in government helps to clarify when and how changes in trust are likely to affect the government’s ability to shape public opinion and mobilize public support for its policy initiatives.
Robust prediction of critical temperatures in multi-core chips with limited sensory data

Current generations of high performance microprocessors feature multiple cores and micro-cores, with each supporting multiple threads implemented in hardware. Such designs routinely feature billions of transistors, and chip layout teams are frequently hard pressed for placement and routing of all the functional blocks and sub-blocks that go into the design. An additional complexity arises because system engineers would like to have each micro-cores temperature monitored for silicon reliability and system performance reasons, which translates into them requiring that each core preferably be outfitted with a thermal sensor that routed out to the external world. Since die real estate is already at a premium and sensor macros can often be large, CPU design teams frequently shy away from placing and routing one sensor per each micro-core. The practical implication of this is that there is no means to monitor how hot any given micro-core is getting during field operation — which can compound risk significantly from the standpoints of silicon reliability (GoX, TDDB), chip electrical performance (timing, clock skew, jitter) and system performance (real time benchmarks, field performance, data coherency etc). In this study, a multi-core processor chip with a wide range of core-to-core power variability is considered. A finite number of sensor locations, which are known to be thermally sub-optimal, are assumed to be available for placement and routing. Using sensory data from these “poor” locations and an offline training algorithm, temperatures of all key core locations are determined using a causal, linear least-squares error basis. The resulting formulation is tested for prediction integrity using a large sample Monte Carlo analysis, and the temperature predictions are found to be robust. The technique developed is general enough to be applied across any microprocessor product family. The study concludes with suggested techniques to maintain prediction robustness in the presence of measurement errors, diode part-to-part variation and other inaccuracies. The approach proposed here can circumvent the limitations on placing and routing multiple diodes in real-estate constrained multi-core microprocessor and ASIC applications.
MIST: Maximum Information Spanning Trees for dimension reduction of biological data sets.

Motivation: The study of complex biological relationships is aided by large and high-dimensional data sets whose analysis often involves dimension reduction to highlight representative or informative directions of variation. In principle, information theory provides a general framework for quantifying complex statistical relationships for dimension reduction. Unfortunately, direct estimation of high-dimensional information theoretic quantities, such as entropy and mutual information (MI), is often unreliable given the relatively small sample sizes available for biological problems. Here, we develop and evaluate a hierarchy of approximations for high-dimensional information theoretic statistics from associated low-order terms, which can be more reliably estimated from limited samples. Due to a relationship between this metric and the minimum spanning tree over a graph representation of the system, we refer to these approximations as MIST (Maximum Information Spanning Trees). Results: The MIST approximations are examined in the context of synthetic networks with analytically computable entropies and using experimental gene expression data as a basis for the classification of multiple cancer types. The approximations result in significantly more accurate estimates of entropy and MI, and also correlate better with biological classification error than direct estimation and another low-order approximation, minimum-redundancy–maximum-relevance (mRMR). Availability: Software to compute the entropy approximations described here is available as Supplementary Material. Contact: ude.tim@rodit Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Stem-Loop IV in the 5′ Untranslated Region Is a cis-Acting Element in Bovine Coronavirus Defective Interfering RNA Replication

Higher-order structures in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of plus-strand RNA viruses are known in many cases to function as cis-acting elements in RNA translation, replication, or transcription. Here we describe evidence supporting the structure and a cis-acting function in defective interfering (DI) RNA replication of stem-loop III, the third of four predicted higher-order structures mapping within the 210-nucleotide (nt) 5' UTR of the 32-kb bovine coronavirus (BCoV) genome. Stem-loop III maps at nt 97 through 116, has a calculated free energy of -9.1 kcal/mol in the positive strand and -3.0 kcal/mol in the negative strand, and has associated with it beginning at nt 100 an open reading frame (ORF) potentially encoding an 8-amino-acid peptide. Stem-loop III is presumed to function in the positive strand, but its strand of action has not been established. Stem-loop III (i) shows phylogenetic conservation among group 2 coronaviruses and appears to have a homolog in coronavirus groups 1 and 3, (ii) has in all coronaviruses for which sequence is known a closely associated short, AUG-initiated intra-5' UTR ORF, (iii) is supported by enzyme structure-probing evidence in BCoV RNA, (iv) must maintain stem integrity for DI RNA replication in BCoV DI RNA, and (v) shows a positive correlation between maintenance of the short ORF and maximal DI RNA accumulation in BCoV DI RNA. These results indicate that stem-loop III in the BCoV 5' UTR is a cis-acting element for DI RNA replication and that its associated intra-5' UTR ORF may function to enhance replication. It is postulated that these two elements function similarly in the virus genome.
Nanoscale Structural and Mechanical Characterization of Nanowire-Reinforced Polymer Composites

In this study, the mechanical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced epoxy composites were characterized using an in-house designed micro/nano tensile load stage in conjunction with an atomic force microscope (AFM). The surface of the nanocomposite was scanned by the AFM during intermittent tensile testing. Micro/nano deformation was observed, and the reinforcing mechanisms were discussed in conjunction with architecture and elastic modulus. Results show that the MWCNT reinforced nanocomposite has an increased elastic modulus. The Halpin-Tsai and Hui-Shia models were compared to the experimental results, and the Halpin-Tsai was found to correlate when only the load bearing outer layer of the MWCNTs were considered. Additionally, it is concluded that the combination of the load stage and AFM is capable of capturing insitu deformation progress for small strain increments.© 2011 ASME
QT interval prolongation and prognosis: further validation of the quantitative approach to electrocardiography

In the just over 100 years since the first body surface recording of the cardiac electrical signals by Einthoven [(1)][1], the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) has evolved from a cumbersome analog recording technique available to only a few investigators into an portable, inexpensive, and widely
The historic development of modern US advertising regulation

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to examine the US history of advertising regulation, both formal and informal and public and private – particularly focused on advertising that is likely to mislead consumers about attributes, characteristics or performance of advertised products. Design/methodology/approach – This research examines both primary sources such as legal challenges and contemporary writings as well as secondary sources. Findings – Although early court decisions were reluctant to find advertising to be dishonest, the Post Office was the first government agency to challenge blatantly false advertisements through criminal prosecution. At the end of the 1800s, the nascent advertising industry developed an interest in regulating truthfulness to enhance advertising credibility. It proposed a model state criminal code and advertising clubs, followed by local Better Business Bureaus, began to informally resolve advertising dispute. In 1914, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) was established wi...
Effects of Peak Pressure, Pulse Duration, and Repeated Loading on the Residual Structure and Properties of Shock Deformed Metals and Alloys

The residual microstructures and microstructural histories for Ni, Nig80Cr20 (Chromel A), Inconel 600, type 304 stainless steely and Mo, representing a sampling of fee and bcc metals and alloys (having a range of stacking-fault free energies ranging from roughly 21 to 128 mJ/m2 for the fcc materials) are described in detail for a range of peak pressures (8 to 120 GPa) and shook pulse durations (0.5 to 14 μs). Changes in the residual microstructures, which range from stacking faults, twins, and related planar arrays for low stacking-fault free energy fcc materials to dislocation cell structures for high stacking-fault free energy fee materials, are described and quantitatively related to residual mechanical properties (e.g., hardness and yield strength). The production of martensite and the mechanism of α′ - martensite formation are described in relation to shock pulse duration and repeated shock loading. The effect of repeated loading on twin production as well as the effect of shock pulse duration are also described for shock-loaded nickel and type 304 stainless steel. Shock pulse duration seems to have little effect on residual microstructure and hardness above about 1 μs pulse duration. These effects are illustrated in experimental summaries of a large spectrum of shocks-loaded data.
Mechanisms and Treatment of Intradialytic Hypertension.

Background: Intradialytic hypertension is a condition where there is an increase in blood pressure (BP) from pre- to post-hemodialysis; this condition has been recently identified as an independent mortality risk factor in hypertensive hemodialysis patients. The mechanisms and management of intradialytic hypertension have been explored in numerous research studies over the past few years. Summary: Patients with intradialytic hypertension have been found to be more chronically volume overloaded compared to other hemodialysis patients, although no causal role has been established. Patients with intradialytic hypertension have intradialytic vascular resistance surges that likely explain the BP increase during dialysis. Acute intradialytic changes in endothelial cell function have been proposed as etiologies for the increase in vascular resistance, although it is unclear if endothelin-1 or some other vasoconstrictive peptide is responsible. There is an association between dialysate to serum sodium gradients and BP increase during dialysis in patients with intradialytic hypertension, although it is unclear if this is related to endothelial cell activity or acute osmolar changes. In addition to probing the dry weight of patients with intradialytic hypertension, other management strategies include lowering dialysate sodium and changing antihypertensives to include carvedilol or other poorly dialyzed antihypertensives. Key Messages: Hemodialysis patients with intradialytic hypertension have an increased mortality risk compared to patients with modest decreases in BP during dialysis. Intradialytic hypertension is associated with extracellular volume overload in addition to acute increases in vascular resistance during dialysis. Management strategies should include reevaluation of dry weight and modification of both the dialysate prescription and medication prescription.
The Man from Maine: Charles Dinsmore, an Oral History. Edited by Peter Heffelfinger and Barbara Heacock. Vol. 1, Archives of the Skagit County Oral History Association. Anacortes, Wash.: Skagit County Oral History Association, 1980. 72 pp. Softbound, $8.95 (including postage).

(1982). The Man from Maine: Charles Dinsmore, an Oral History. The Oral History Review: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 166-168.
Tangent Planes with Infinitesimals

(1984). Tangent Planes with Infinitesimals. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 91, No. 7, pp. 433-435.
Choice of Aircraft Fleets in the US NAS: Findings from a Multinomial Logit Analysis

The National Airspace System (NAS) in the United States (US) had an inventory of 5156 big jets at the end of December 2002, of which 4085 were narrow bodies, and 1071 can be classified as wide bodies. There were 1180 regional jets. In addition, there were 660 turboprops in the system at that time. Empirical research reveals that there is a critical link between the flow of scheduled passenger services and the choice of aircraft by the airlines in any O&D market pair. This relationship can be empirically retrieved without the detailed knowledge of airlines' behavior and used for analyzing the traffic patterns in the NAS. This is a natural segue from the econometric modeling of passenger demand [Bhadra (2003)]. Although the demand for scheduled passenger services provides important information, it cannot be directly used to generate demand for air transportation management (ATM) services. Hence, the empirical linkages between demand for scheduled air services and the demand for aircraft fleets by O&D pairs will have to be established. This paper is an attempt to establish this empirical linkage.
Effect observation of multi-drug combination therapy children with active gastric ulcer

Objective To observe the effect of multi-drug combination therapy treating for children with active gastric ulcer(GU) and influence of the Hp eradication rate. Methods 104 cases of children with active gastric ulcer in Children's Hospital of Xuzhou City from August 2012 to August 2013 were selected, and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 52 cases in each group. The control group was given triple therapy methods,while the observation group was given combined administration of probiotic therapy based on it. The therapeutic effects of treatment, Hp eradication and adverse reactions of two groups were compared. Results The total effective rate and the Hp eradication rate of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and incidences of adverse reactions of nausea, vomiting and abdominal distension of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group, all the differences were statistically significant(P 0.05). Conclusion The multi-drug combination therapy in the treatment of children with GU can effectively improve the therapeutic effect, enhance Hp eradication rate, and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.
Neuronen und Gliazellen

In Kapitel 2 liegt der Fokus auf der Zellbiologie der Neuronen. Diese Grundlagen sind vor allem fur Studierende ohne biologische Vorkenntnisse wichtig, stellen aber erfahrungsgemas fur fortgeschrittene Studierende eine hilfreiche Wiederholung dar. Anschliesend wenden wir uns den strukturellen Eigenschaften zu, die die Nervenzellen und ihre unterstutzenden Zellen so einzigartig machen, und gehen dabei besonders auf den Zusammenhang zwischen Struktur und Funktion ein. Auserdem stellen wir einige Meisterleistungen der Gentechnik vor, mit denen Neurowissenschaftler inzwischen routinemasig die Funktionen der verschiedenen Typen von Nervenzellen erforschen.
Towards a smart sensor interface for wearable cough monitoring

This paper discusses the design challenges that must be met by an audio sensor interface for use in a wearable cough monitoring device. In particular, the paper considers the issues of privacy, power consumption, reliable data collection, and patient identification. A nonlinear, reconfigurable architecture for the audio sensor interface is proposed to address some of these challenges. The new architecture is validated with simulation and measurement results.
Moderators of age effects on attention bias toward threat and its association with anxiety.

Abstract Objective The current study used a research domain criteria (RDoC) approach to assess age differences in multiple indicators of attention bias and its ties to anxiety, examining stimulus domain and cognitive control as moderators of older adults’ oft-cited positivity effect (bias towards positive and away from negative stimuli, when compared to younger adults). Method 38 Younger adults and 38 older adults were administered a battery of cognitive control and trait and state anxiety measures, and completed a dot-probe task to assess attention bias, during which reaction time and fixation duration (using eye-tracking) were recorded for negative and neutral social (a salient threat domain for younger adults) and physical (a salient threat domain for older adults) stimuli. Results Mixed-effects models demonstrated that older adults were faster to react to dot-probe trials when the probe appeared in the place of negative (vs. neutral) physical stimuli, but displayed no difference in reaction time for social stimuli. Also, older (vs. younger) adults with lower levels of cognitive control were less negatively biased in their visual fixation to social stimuli. A negative reaction time attention bias on the dot-probe task predicted greater trait anxiety among participants with low levels of cognitive control, with a more complex pattern predicting state anxiety. Conclusion Older adults do attend to social and physical stimuli differently. When stimuli concern a social threat, older adults do not preferentially attend to either neutral or negative stimuli. However, when stimuli concern physical threat, older adults preferentially attend to negative stimuli. Threat biases are associated with anxiety at all ages for those with low cognitive control.