cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The collateral value of fine art.

In this paper, we examine the effect of implicit seller reserves on the estimation of value-at-risk based on historical asset sales data. We direct our examination toward how and whether fine art might prove an appropriate form of loan collateral for banks and other financial institutions. Using a data set of French Impressionist paintings brought to auction from 1985 to 2001, we control for the effect of works that are bought in-house to construct a distribution of potential sale values that corrects for sample selection bias. It turns out that the downside risk surrounding deviations of auction prices from expert presale estimates depends critically on how buy-ins are incorporated. If downside risk is assessed solely on historical experience with successful auction sales, the data appear to support loan-to-value ratios between 50% and a 100% larger than loan-to-value ratios that countenance the existence of seller reserves. The auction process, however, is quantifiable and can reveal the necessary risk information required for loan consideration.
Determinants of Bank-Firm Lending Relationship: Human Capital Transfer Channel

We study the impact of human capital transfer from banks to non-financial firms on firms’ ability to borrow from banks. Using a unique, employee-employer matched dataset from Russia, we find that hiring an ex-banker increases a firm’s likelihood to secure a bank loan, and the effect is higher when a former bank manager is hired. By exploiting bank branches network restructuring as the source of exogenous shocks to the local supply of bank ex-employees, we establish that this relation is causal. Finally, we present evidence that, when transferring to non- financial firms, ex-bankers bring not only knowledge and connections from their former banks, but also lending-related expertise which is applicable outside of their banks.
Executive Liability for Anti-Money-Laundering Controls

The Essay considers the merits of a February 2015 proposal by the former superintendent of New York State’s Department of Financial Services, Benjamin Lawsky, to increase senior executives’ personal responsibility for a financial institution’s AML controls. In a broad sense, the Essay endorses more robust individual accountability for AML compliance. The specter of personal liability would likely force executives to devote more attention to the design and maintenance of an institution’s AML program. At the same time, however, the Essay stops short of a full-hearted embrace of traditional legal tools for executive liability. A world in which executives are held liable for AML failures could also lead to socially and economically undesirable results. It could, as recent history has shown, encourage institutions to take more than an optimal level of care, reducing access to banking services in certain communities or infringing on other privacy interests in the process. For those reasons, the Essay suggests that industry-generated liability—in the form of privately set standards—could be equally if not more executive than liability imposed by regulatory fiat or enforcement, of the kind that Lawsky suggested.
New Ethical Relationships Under Health Care’s New Structure: The Need for New Paradigm

Managed care is changing the entire business structure of health care as it spreads as a financing mechanism. These changes affect all aspects of medicine, not simply the method of reimbursement. Such changes affect everything from business relationships to clinical practices. As a result, all players in the system are seeing new roles and duties in the ways that they provide and receive health care services. With new roles and relationships come new ethical responsibilities. Physicians no longer fulfill the same set of duties for patients when managed care companies actively involve themselves in care decisions. They must balance outside pressures against their own clinical judgment. Patients are no longer passive recipients of care relying on the professional judgment of others. They must choose from a variety of managed care plans and health care systems offering different levels of coverage. Insurers are no longer impartial participants in the delivery of health care services, providing reimbursement with minimal regard to their utility. What is more, new organizations that integrate the provision of different levels of health care services are being created, and they fulfill roles in health care delivery that formerly did not exist. As a result, traditional notions of ethical duties no longer automatically apply, and many legal rules that implement those duties are quickly becoming obsolete.
The New Kids on the Block: Recently Characterized Soft Tissue Tumors

Soft tissue pathology is a rapidly changing subspecialty. New entities are described relatively often, and new molecular findings for soft tissue tumors are reported in the literature almost every month. This article summarizes the major features and diagnostic approach to several recently characterized entities: superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor, fibrosarcoma-like lipomatous neoplasm, angiofibroma of soft tissue, low-grade sinonasal sarcoma with neural and myogenic features, malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor, hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor, and epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma. Additionally, the article also provides a summary table of recent molecular findings in soft tissue tumors.
ONK+O-Channels: a Tool to Re-Program Immortality

Potassium channels are traditionally known to play a key role in a variety of organ functions by controlling action potentials, secretion and/or contraction. Therefore, uncontrolled gain/loss of functions of ion channels are often associated with a disease state (Channelopathies). Interestingly, recent investigations have revealed that malignant tumors of different hystogenesys can overexpress several ion channels and that potassium channels can play fundamental roles in cancer cell biology. Nevertheless, very little has been done to understand how manipulation of ion channel can be beneficial against in cancer. Our studies revealed for the first time that stimulation of voltage gated potassium channels such as hERGs (Kv11.1; Kv11.3) or KCNQ5 (Kv7.5) strongly inhibited proliferation in a variety of cancerous cell types including chemo-resistant cancers. In summary, stimulation of potassium channels with selective agonists resulted in activation of a cellular senescence program by down-regulating tumor spe...
How the ELF ruined Christmas

Throughout the last few decades, computer software has experienced an arms race between exploitation techniques leveraging memory corruption and detection/protection mechanisms. Effective mitigation techniques, such as Address Space Layout Randomization, have significantly increased the difficulty of successfully exploiting a vulnerability. A modern exploit is often two-stage: a first information disclosure step to identify the memory layout, and a second step with the actual exploit. However, because of the wide range of conditions under which memory corruption occurs, retrieving memory layout information from the program is not always possible. In this paper, we present a technique that uses the dynamic loader's ability to identify the locations of critical functions directly and call them, without requiring an information leak. We identified several fundamental weak points in the design of ELF standard and dynamic loader implementations that can be exploited to resolve and execute arbitrary library functions. Through these, we are able to bypass specific security mitigation techniques, including partial and full RELRO, which are specifically designed to protect ELF data-structures from being coopted by attackers. We implemented a prototype tool, Leakless, and evaluated it against different dynamic loader implementations, previous attack techniques, and real-life case studies to determine the impact of our findings. Among other implications, Leakless provides attackers with reliable and non-invasive attacks, less likely to trigger intrusion detection systems.
Cenozoic foreland basin system in the central Andes of northwestern Argentina: Implications for Andean geodynamics and modes of deformation

[1] Cenozoic strata in the central Andes of northwestern Argentina record the development and migration of a regional foreland basin system analogous to the modern Chaco-Parana alluvial plain. Paleocene-lower Eocene fluvial and lacustrine deposits are overlain by middle-upper Eocene hypermature paleosols or an erosional disconformity representing 10–15 Myr. This ‘supersol/disconformity’ zone is traceable over a 200,000 km2 area in the Andean thrust belt, and is overlain by 2–6 km of upward coarsening, eastward thinning, upper Eocene through lower Miocene fluvial and eolian deposits. Middle Miocene-Pliocene fluvial, lacustrine, and alluvial fan deposits occupy local depocenters with contractional growth structures. Paleocurrent and petrographic data demonstrate westerly provenance of quartzolithic and feldspatholithic sediments. Detrital zircon ages from Cenozoic sandstones cluster at 470–491, 522–544, 555–994, and 1024–1096 Ma. Proterozoic-Mesozoic clastic and igneous rocks in the Puna and Cordillera Oriental yield similar age clusters, and served as sources of the zircons in the Cenozoic deposits. Arc-derived zircons become prominent in Oligo-Miocene deposits and provide new chronostratigraphic constraints. Sediment accumulation rate increased from ∼20 m/Myr during Paleocene-Eocene time to 200–600 m/Myr during the middle to late Miocene. The new data suggest that a flexural foreland basin formed during Paleocene time and migrated at least 600 km eastward at an unsteady pace dictated by periods of abrupt eastward propagation of the orogenic strain front. Despite differences in deformation style between Bolivia and northwestern Argentina, lithosphere in these two regions flexed similarly in response to eastward encroachment of a comparable orogenic load beginning during late Paleocene time.
The Democratic Peace Revisited in the Context of Transnational Threats

Public perceptions of ongoing security threats and the impact that these perceptions have on the level of support for related policies are mediated by the perceived quality and integrity of information the public receives from the government. Information constraints regarding terrorism and war increase the importance of signals from the government relative to other sources to individuals when assessing these threats and evaluating counter-threat policies. Individuals are, however, critical consumers of information. Rather than uniformly accepting elite signals or partisan cues, members of the public interpret and respond to government signals about ongoing threat differently depending on their perceptions of the objectivity and trustworthiness of the information it provides. We test this argument by analyzing the relationship between political party, ideology, and changes in the level of public trust in the information provided by the government about the war in Iraq on public perceptions of threat and the level of policy support for U.S. policy in Iraq. An analysis of a panel survey of U.S. respondents form 2007 through 2009 demonstrates that the changes in the level of trust in information has a significant impact on perceptions of threat and level of policy support. These effects are independent of political party and political ideology, which have no significant impact on changes in the level of trust, perceptions of threat, or level of policy support.
A report of dangerously high carbon monoxide levels within the passenger compartment of a snow-obstructed vehicle

Background We sought to determine how quickly carbon monoxide would accumulate in the passenger compartment of a snow-obstructed vehicle.
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES DURING THE GROWTH OF FUNGI. II. ERGOSTEROL AND FATTY ACIDS IN PENICILLIUM ATROVENETUM.

Van Etten, James L. (University of Illinois, Urbana), and David Gottlieb. Biochemical changes during the growth of fungi. II. Ergosterol and fatty acids in Penicillium atrovenetum. J. Bacteriol. 89:409–414. 1965.—Changes in the lipid constituents of Penicillium atrovenetum were studied during the growth and development of this fungus. The stages in development, as measured by the dry weight, were divided into four phases: lag, log, stationary, and death. The total fatty acids on a dry-weight basis increased from a minimum in the spores to a maximum near the end of the log phase of growth. The major fatty acids were palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic. Myristic, pentadecanoic, palmitoleic, heptadecanoic, linolenic, arachidic, and heptadecenoic acids, together with two unidentified components, were also present in the fatty acid fraction. Compared to ungerminated spores, young mycelium contained a much lower percentage (on the basis of total fatty acids) of linoleic acid. There was a corresponding increase of oleic acid. Except for palmitic acid, which remained constant, the remaining fatty acids increased slightly. During subsequent growth of the fungus, linleic acid decreased, whereas the percentage of palmitic and stearic acids increased steadily from the lag phase to the end of the log phase. Ergosterol was the only sterol detected. The percentage of ergosterol, on a dry-weight basis, increased to a maximum at the start of the log phase and then steadily decreased. The following changes in lipids appear to be associated with the development and aging of fungi: (i) the presence of a relatively high content of nonsaponifiable lipid and ergosterol in the young mycelium, and their later decrease with age, and (ii) a shift from more unsaturated to less unsaturated fatty acids with age.
Cyberspace, Modernism, Jurisdiction and Sovereignty

This essay considers the possible effects of the rise of cyberspace on sovereignty. It considers the rise of cyberspace as a technical change that modifies the transaction costs and benefits profile of various social and private arrangements. Once this shift is recognized, it is important to consider how these social and private arrangements might be changed, and whether some social arrangements should be made private, or vice-versa. The complex feedback between the technical production frontier and the structural production frontier makes prediction of outcomes daunting. Jurisdiction and sovereignty were always constructed; the rise of cyberspace is simply an occasion for their revision. This essay distinguishes two types of sovereignty: conclusory sovereignty and contingent sovereignty. The difference between the two is one of institutional imagination. Conclusory sovereignty, used as an epithet to claim powers for the state without analysis, denies the plasticity of the institution of the state, while contingent sovereignty accepts it. More importantly, contingent sovereignty accepts the power and authority of people to mold the powers of the state as they see fit from time to time: it is more democratically rooted than conclusory sovereignty. Fixed institutions like conclusory sovereignty may serve purposes in circumstances of network externalities, or may persist despite their inefficiencies due to path dependence. It is important to identify these types of causes of conclusory sovereignty, in order to determine the value of its retention in particular circumstances. In this sense, contingent sovereignty may absorb and approve certain forms of conclusory sovereignty.
The Temporal Elements of Psychological Resilience: An Integrative Framework for the Study of Individuals, Families, and Communities

Psychological resilience has become a popular concept. Owing to that popularity, the word resilience has taken on myriad and often overlapping meanings. To be a useful framework for psychological research and theory, the authors argue, the study of resilience must explicitly reference each of four constituent temporal elements: (a) baseline or preadversity functioning, (b) the actual aversive circumstances, (c) postadversity resilient outcomes, and (d) predictors of resilient outcomes. Using this framework to review the existing literature, the most complete body of evidence is available on individual psychological resilience in children and adults. By contrast, the research on psychological resilience in families and communities is far more limited and lags well behind the rich theoretical perspective available from those literatures. The vast majority of research on resilience in families and communities has focused primarily on only one temporal element, possible predictors of resilient outcomes. Surpr...
Long-wavelength Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x//Si heterojunction infrared detectors and 400*400-element imager arrays

Heterojunction Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x//Si internal photoemission infrared detectors exhibiting nearly ideal thermionic-emission dark-current characteristics have been fabricated with cutoff wavelengths out to 16 mu m. High-quality imaging without uniformity correction has been demonstrated in the long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) spectral band for 400*400-element focal plane arrays consisting of Ge/sub 0.44/Si/sub 0.56/ detectors with a cutoff wavelength of 9.3 mu m and monolithic charged-coupled-device readout circuitry. The Ge/sub 0.44/Si/sub 0.56/ composition was chosen in order to obtain a barrier height low enough to yield a cutoff length within the LWIR band, but high enough to permit low dark-current operation at about 50 K. >
Do prior online course outcomes provide more information than G.P.A. alone in predicting subsequent online course grades and retention? An observational study at an urban community college

In this study, prior online course outcomes and pre-course enrollment G.P.A. were used as predictors of subsequent online course outcomes, and the interaction between these two factors was assessed in order to determine the extent to which students with similar G.P.A.'s but with different prior online course outcomes may differ in their likelihood of successfully completing a subsequent online course. This study used a sample of 962 students who took an online course at a large urban community college from 2004 to 2010. Results indicate that prior online course experience is a very significant predictor of successful completion of subsequent online courses, even more so than G.P.A. For students with no prior online course experience, G.P.A. was a good predictor of future online course outcomes; but for students with previous online course experience prior online course outcomes was a more significant predictor of future online course grades and retention than G.P.A. We explore how prior online outcomes and GPA predict future online outcomes.Prior online course outcomes predict future online outcomes better than GPA.For a first-time online student, success online was strongly correlated with GPA.Students with prior online success, regardless of GPA, continued to succeed online.Unsuccessful online students continued to struggle online, regardless of GPA.
Intrafamilial associations of cholesterol and triglyceride among related and unrelated household members.

The purpose of this report was to assess intrafamilial associations of lipids between related and unrelated household members seen in the course of a population-based survey of lipids in schoolchildren and their parents. Fasting plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured in 6,857 children and 3,079 adults. Age effects were removed for each sex-race group using a third-degree polynomial regression of lipid on age; the residuals were then used as observations in the analyses. For both cholesterol and triglyceride, significant positive correlations existed between father and son, father and daughter, mother and son, and mother and daughter. For both cholesterol and triglyceride, although the mother-child correlations were stronger than those for father-child, they were not significantly different. There were no significant correlations between step, foster, or adoptive parents and children. For cholesterol in sibships of size two, intrasibship correlations for fully related siblings were 0.333, for half-sibs 0.164, and for unrelated sibs, 0.085. Consistently closer intrafamilial cholesterol and triglyceride associations between related than unrelated family members, and the strong parental effects on cholesterol and triglyceride indicate, in aggregate, that a considerable proportion of the variation of cholesterol and triglyceride can be explained by genetic factors.
Automatic lung nodule detection using profile matching and back-propagation neural network techniques

The potential advantages of using digital techniques instead of film-based radiography have been discussed extensively for the past 10 years. A major future application of digital techniques is computer-assisted diagnosis: the use of computer techniques to assist the radiologist in the diagnostic process. One aspect of this assistance is computer-assisted detection. The detection of small lung nodule has been recognized as a clinically difficult task for many years. Most of the literature has indicated that the rate for finding lung nodules (size range from 3 mm to 15 mm) is only approximately 65%, in those cases in which the undetected nodules could be found retrospectively. In recent published research, image processing techniques, such as thresholding and morphological analysis, have been used to enhance true-positive detection. However, these methods still produce many false-positive detections. We have been investigating the use of neural networks to distinguish true-positives nodule detections among those areas of interest that are generated from a signal enhanced image. The initial results show that the trained neural networks program can increase true-positive detections and moderately reduce the number of false-positive detections. The program reported here can perform three modes of lung nodule detection: thresholding, profile matching analysis, and neural network. This program is fully automatic and has been implemented in a DEC 5000/200 (Digital Equipment Corp, Maynard, MA) workstation. The total processing time for all three methods is less than 35 seconds. In this report, key image processing techniques and neural network for the lung nodule detection are described and the results of this initial study are reported.
Efficient models for the facility layout problem

Abstract In this paper, two new models of the facility layout problem are presented: linear continuous with absolute values in the objective function and constraints, and linear mixed integer. The linear mixed integer models have lesser number of integer variables than any other existing formulation for the facility layout problem. While most other linear mixed-integer models available in the literature have been obtained through a linearization of the quadratic assignment problem, the ones presented in this paper are not. The continuous models have an even more compact form. An advantage of the formulations presented in this paper is that the location of sites need not be known a priori. More importantly, two of the formulations model the layout problem with facilities of unequal area. Solving the models presented with an unconstrained optimization algorithm yields good quality suboptimal solutions in a relatively low computation time. The continuous models appear to be more useful for solving the facility layout problem than other models published in the literature.
Apparent charge localization effects in the McLafferty rearrangement of acetate esters: Field ionization kinetic measurements

The relative rates of the McLafferty rearrangement in n-butyl acetate and several related molecules have been examined over the time range 10−11 to 10−5 s by means of a field ionization mass spectrometric technique. It was found that the introduction of a substituent group of low ionization potential (phenyl, dimethylamino) at sites remote from the ester oxygens reduces the rate of the McLafferty rearrangement and that the rate becomes lower as the substituent is moved further away from the ester group. The results suggest that for the cases examined the charge on the molecular ion may be localized on the functional group of lowest ionization potential.
An infra-red study of bis-(2-pyridylcarbinolo)-chelates

Neutral metal chelates of 2-pyridylcarbinol, in which the hydroxyl proton has been replaced, have been isolated and their infra-red spectra studied from 1700-270 cm−1. Detailed assignments for the observed bands for 2-pyridylcarbinol and the metal chelates have been made. From the frequency values for the metal-nitrogen and metal-oxygen stretching vibrations it has been concluded that the metal-ligand bond strengths vary in the order Pt(II) > Pd(II) > Cu(II). A trans configuration for the complexes is inferred from the infra-red spectra.
Estimating the Effect of Parameter Uncertainty in Repeated Sample Surveys

The data from repeated sample surveys can be modeled using a signal extraction specification. In practice, since the component models are not known, there are two types of uncertainty in applying signal extraction methods to repeated sample survey data: model uncertainty and parameter uncertainty. This article explores a way to account for the parameter uncertainty by using a Bayesian approach and applying adaptive importance sampling to integrate out hyperparameters. A simulation study shows the types of improvement that can be achieved.
Cluster models of dose-volume effects.

Abstract Purpose Describe cluster models, normal-tissue complication probability models in which both the number and the spatial location of radiation-sterilized functional subunits play a role in defining complication probability. Methods and materials Computer simulation was used to determine the maximum size cluster of sterilized subunits associated with a given dose distribution. Complications were associated with large clusters. Results Cluster models showed a volume effect, as increasing effect for constant dose when the volume increased or constant effect when the dose was reduced with increasing volume. Cluster models gave similar results to existing models when tissues were irradiated uniformly. With inhomogeneous dose distributions, on the other hand, different spatial distributions of "hot spots" may lead to different predictions of complication probability by cluster models. The result was that a higher complication probability resulted when hot spots were contiguous (clustered) than when they were dispersed, even if both situations are characterized by the same dose–volume histogram. A potential advantage of cluster models is to provide an easy, internally consistent way to predict complications arising from the inhomogeneous dose distributions that sometimes arise with intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Conclusion Cluster models offer a new way to quantify complication probability in treatment situations in which a wide variety of hot-spot distributions occur.
Molecular biology of cervical cancer and its precursors

Cervical cancer develops from well-defined precursor lesions referred to as either cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or squamous intraepithelial lesions. It is now known that specific types of human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the principal etiologic agents for both cervical cancer and its precursors. The high-oncogenic-risk HPV types associated with invasive cervical cancer produce two oncoproteins, designated E6 and E7, which interact with endogenous cell cycle regulatory proteins, including p53 and Rb. The interaction of virally derived and endogenous cellular proteins converges in deregulation of cell cycle progression and appears to be critical for the development of cervical cancers. However, the development of cervical cancer is a multistep process that cannot be explained simply by infection with specific types of HPV. One additional event that appears to play a role in tumor progression is integration of HPV DNA into the host genome. Integration of HPV DNA frequently disrupts the E2 open reading frames, resulting in overexpression of the E6 and E7 oncoproteins and possibly causing genomic instability. Additional cofactors and mutational events may be important in the pathogenesis of invasive cervical cancers and may include chromosomal rearrangements, loss of constitutional heterozygosity, and proto-oncogene activation.
Effect of mercuric chloride on fertilization and larval development in the river frog, Rana heckscheri (Wright) (Anura: Ranidae)

Previous investigations have indicated that heavy metals such as copper, cadmium, lead and mercury can act as systemic toxicants in many species of wildlife. Although numerous studies have emphasized the effects of metals and pesticides on metabolism, growth, survivorship, neural processes and reproduction in a number of taxa, little information is available on the effects of sublethal concentrations of metals on the reproductive physiology of amphibians. Industrial processes and mining activities can release substantial concentrations of heavy metals such as mercury into aquatic habitats. Since most amphibians have obligate aquatic larval stages, they are exposed to pollutants discharged into the aquatic environment. Amphibians can act as accumulators of heavy metals and their larval stages are useful indicators of pollution levels in the field. What little data are available, indicate that metals can significantly reduce viability in amphibians through their actions on metabolism, development and gametogenesis. The recent concerns over worldwide declines in amphibian populations and the susceptibility of amphibian populations to environmental toxicants, led me to assess the effect of mercuric chloride, one of the most common and persistent toxicants in aquatic environments, on fertilization and larval development in the river frog, Rana heckscheri (Wright). Although there is some informationmore » on fish, very little data are available on the effects of mercury on fertilization in amphibians generally, and no published data exist for R. heckscheri. This species is a conspicuous component of the aquatic fauna of parts of the southeastern United States where mercury levels have increased significantly over the last two decades. 22 refs., 2 tabs.« less
The positive and negative ion mass spectra of chromyl chloride and chromyl fluoride

Abstract A mass spectral study of CrO 2 Cl 2 and CrO 2 F 2 has been made to illustrate the use of a positive—negative ion mass spectrometer as a convenient tool for obtaining positive and negative ion mass spectral and ionization efficiency data. Charge and atom exchange reactions have been observed and explained on the basis of ionization efficiency data. The spectrum of negative ions observed for 70 V electrons is shown to result from secondary electrons ejected from metallic surfaces. After correction of AP(Cr + ) by 2.76 eV for probable excitation, bond dissociation energies, ionization potentials and electron affinities were calculated for all the neutral fragments of CrO 2 X 2 produced in the mass spectrometer. The value of Δ H o f (CrO 2 F 2 ) was found to be −9.1 eV (−210 kcal/mole). The uncertainty of this and the other calculated thermochemical values is estimated conservatively to be 0.5 eV (±11 kcal) or less.
Recovery of Monoclonal Antibody from Its Complex with Ligand

The separation of antibody from its excess and bound ligand is important following affinity chromatography or the use of methods requiring large amounts of antibody, such as microcalorimetry. Using radioactively labeled ligands we show that these separations can be effected by using commercially available, short polyacrylamide size-exclusion columns. By using both low (K alpha = 5 x 10(2) M-1) and medium high-affinity (K alpha = 0.6 x 10(6) M-1) ligands in the presence of antibody, it is shown that the latter system requires more dilute loading concentrations than the former system does in order to achieve acceptable separation. Since the degree of association between a protein and a ligand is solely governed by the affinity constant for the binding equilibrium, these results are applicable to any system represented by this range of binding constants.
Sequences of integers and ergodic transformations

On construit une classe de transformations ergodiques conservant la mesure definies sur un espace mesure infinie. On exhibe une grande collection de suites exhaustives faiblement errantes
Dependence on uniaxial stress of deep levels in III-V compound and group-IV elemental semiconductors.

The uniaxial-stress dependences of substitutional s- and p-bonded deep impurity levels in the semiconductors AlP, AlAs, AlSb, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InP, InAs, InSb, Si, and Ge are studied theoretically for stresses applied along the [100], [110], and [111] directions. We find that stress applied along the [110] direction, in particular, causes splittings and shifts of deep levels associated with a point defect that can be used (i) to determine uniquely the symmetries of the levels (s-like or p-like) and (ii) to identify the site (anion or cation) of the associated impurity.
HIV prevention for injecting drug users: the first 25 years and counting.

During the last three decades, both the injection of illicit psychoactive drugs and HIV infection among injecting drug users (IDUs) have spread throughout industrialized and developing countries. Extremely rapid transmission of HIV has occurred in IDU populations with incidence rates of 10 to 50/100
Synthesis and crystal structure of two tin fluoride materials: NaSnF3 (BING-12) and Sn3F3PO4

Abstract A new compound, sodium tin trifluoride (NaSnF 3 , which we denote BING-12 for SUNY at Binghamton, Structure No. 12), was synthesized solvothermally from a pyridine–water solvent system. The new compound crystallized in the monoclinic space group C 2/ c (No. 15), with a =11.7429(12) A, b =17.0104(18) A, c =6.8528(7) A, β =100.6969(2)°, V =1345.1(2) A 3 and Z =16. The layered structure consists of outer pyramidal SnF 3 units, where the fluorides surround a central layer of six- and seven-coordinate sodium atoms. The layers are stabilized by charged Na + galleries that reside in the center of the layers. Tin trifluorophosphate (Sn 3 F 3 PO 4 , Compound 2 ) was isolated from a related synthetic system, and crystallized in the rhombohedral space group R 3 (No. 146), with a =11.8647(11) A, c =4.6291(6) A, V =564.34(10) A 3 and Z =3. The framework is made up of helical –Sn–F– chains, which are connected by phosphate groups. The materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), variable temperature PXRD (VT-PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Reporting Effect Size Estimates in School Psychology Research.

This article reviews the arguments for reporting effect size estimates as part of the statistical results in empirical studies. Following this review, formulas are presented for the calculation of major mean-difference and association-based effect size measures for t tests, one-way ANOVA, zero order correlation, simple regression, multiple regression, and chi-square. The emphasis is on the presentation formulas that make the calculation of effect size measures as easy as possible. In most cases, the formula components are readily available and easily recognizable on the output from most major statistical software. Examples of effect size reporting with guidelines for design and analytic variations are provided. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 653–672, 2006.
Volcano-shaped curves in heterogeneous catalysis

Abstract An analytic equation for the volcano-shaped curves in derived from the Polanyi relation. It is generally applicable to catalytic reactions that can be represented by two kinetically significant steps. The shape and size of the volcano depends on the degree of nonuniformity of the adsorbate binding state and on the extent to which the thermodynamic driving force affects the kinetics of a reaction step. In heterogeneous catalysis, Sabatier's principle is a kinetic guideline that needs to be modified in accordance with the nonuniformity. The present methodology can be useful for the design of optimum catalysts as well as for elucidating the reaction mechanism at the molecular level. The Polanyi parameter which appears as a reaction order directly reflects the chemical stability of the adsorbates and the nature of the reactant-catalyst electronic interactions as shown through an approach founded on electronegativity concepts.
Ceramide Synthesis from Free Fatty Acids in Rat Brain: Function of NADPH and Substrate Specificity

At the subcellular level, the synthesis of ceramide from free lignoceric acid and sphingosine in brain required reconstituted enzyme system (particulate fraction, heat-stable and heat-labile factors) and pyridine nucleotide (NADPH). The mitochondrial electron transfer inhibitors (KCN and antimycin A), energy uncouplers (oligomycin and 2,4-dinitrophenol), and carboxyatractyloside, which prevents the transport of ATP and ADP through the mitochondrial wall, inhibit the synthesis of ceramide in the presence of NADPH but have very little effect in the presence of ATP. Similar to the synthesis of ceramide, the synthesis of ATP from NADPH and NADH by the particulate fraction also required cytoplasmic factors (heat-stable and heat-labile factors). Moreover, ATP, but not its analog (AMP-CH2-P-O-P), can replace NADPH, thus suggesting that the function of the pyridine nucleotide is to provide ATP for the synthesis of ceramide. The cytoplasmic factors were not required for the synthesis of ceramide in the presence of ATP. The maximum velocity for synthesis of ceramide from free fatty acids of different chain lengths (C16-C26) was bimodal, with maxima around stearic acid (C18) and behenic acid (C22). The relative rate of synthesis of ceramide parallels the relative distribution of these fatty acids in brain cerebrosides and sulfatides.
NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF TRANSGENIC SWEETPOTATO ON BODY WEIGHT, LIPID, AND PROTEIN STATUS IN HAMSTERS

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the nutritional quality of genetically modified sweetpotato (genotype PI318846-3) on growth, lipid metabolism, and protein metabolism of hamsters. Three different diets made with transgenic and nontransgenic sweetpotato protein flour including a control diet with casein were fed to male Golden Syrian hamsters for 28 days. The protein efficiency ratio (1.35±0.01) of the transgenic sweetpotato protein diet was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the nontransgenic sweetpotato and control diets. Plasma albumin and plasma total protein concentrations of hamsters fed the sweetpotato diets were significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of the control. The casein diet (control) produced hypercholesterolemia in hamsters, whereas sweetpotato diets maintained lower plasma and liver total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations in hamsters. Sweetpotatoes contain less amount of protein to maintain the normal animal growth; however, transgenic sweetpotato has good quality pro...
Intimate Partner Violence Risk Assessment: A Primer for Social Workers

Socialworkersarelikelytoencounterintimatepartnerviolence(IPV)survivorsand/orperpetrators within their practice due to the prevalence of this social issue and the negative health and mental health consequences resulting from it. IPV risk assessments can be utilised by social workers in multiple service settings. A recent meta-analysis provided information on the IPV risk assessment instruments with the greatest predictive accuracy, but social workers need to know the most appropriate IPV risk assessment tools for use in their particular practice settings. Therefore, this paper provides social workers with summary information on the four risk assessment instruments that have the highest predictive accuracy—the Danger Assessment, the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment, the Ontario Domestic Assault Risk Assessment, and the Domestic Violence Screening Inventory. For social workers unable to use validated risk assessments, a summary of the risk factors is provided with a focus on opportunities for change within violent relationships. Finally, recommendations for which IPVrisk assessment to use in various social work practice settings are outlined. The use of IPVrisk assessment should be situated within an evidence-based practice framework, taking into account the best evidence of risk for future harm, clinical expertise and client self-determination.
Study of LAMPF H- Beam Position Motion and a Predictive Algorithm for Noise Reduction

The position noise in the LAMPF H- beam has been studied through examination of the autocorrelation and spectral density functions1 for position motion. The LAMPF H- beam is a pulsed 800-MeV beam, and the position of each beam pulse was treated as a discrete value. Also investigated was the reduction in position noise that can be attained with an algorithm that predicts beam position from the measured positions of previous beam pulses. The basis for this predictive algorithm is the calculation of the optimal linear estimator (see the appendix). We conclude that the majority of low-frequency noise occurs within the 10- to 15-Hz frequency range, and that, with a simple, 2-pulse predictive correction system, one could improve the noise in this frequency region by as much as a factor of 15.
Identification of Flexural Rigidity in a Dynamic Plate Model

Abstract The estimation of spacially dependent flexural rigidity coefficients in Kirchhoff models is discussed using an output least-squares method in H2 regularization. The regularity of optimal estimators is studied and these properties are used to develop an approximation theory. Several numerical examples are presented.
Theory of thermal microwave emission from a two-layer medium

Thermal microwave emission from a scattering layer overlying a homogeneous half space is studied with the radiative transfer approach. Scattering models of random medium and discrete spherical scatterers are used. The radiative transfer equations are solved by both the classical method and the invariant imbedding method. The brightness temperatures of the two-layer model exhibit distinguishing features important to microwave passive remote sensing.
Gas- and liquid-phase NMR studies of conformational exchange in N,N-diisopropylacetamide

Abstract The gas-phase free activation energy, ΔG≠, for internal rotation about the carbon—nitrogen bond in N,N-diisopropylacetamide is 14.3 (0.1) kcal mol−1. For neat N,N-diisopropylacetamide, and solutions in CCl4, CDCl3, dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and D2O, ΔG≠ values are 16.1 (0.1), 15.6 (0.01), 16.4 (0.1), 16.4 (0.1) and 17.8 (0.1) kcal mol−1, respectively. Phase effects on the kinetic parameters for this amide are similar to those found for amides studied previously; this is compatible with solvent internal pressure effects and consistent with a process that proceeds via a transition state that has greater steric requirements than the ground-state configurations. We also demonstrate that gas-phase dynamic NMR can provide valuable data for evaluating the accuracy of molecular mechanics and semiempirical molecular orbital calculations, as well as for generating torsional potential parameters useful for their parameterization. These calculations have extreme importance in the future development of the ability to model the structural and dynamic characteristics of proteins and other biologically important molecules.
Ru-σ-butadiynyl Complexes of the Tetraanilinopyridinatodiruthenium Core: Formation of a Bis-adduct

The stoichiometric reaction between Ru2(ap)4Cl (ap = 2-anilinopyridinate) and LiC⋮CC⋮CSiMe3 yielded Ru2(ap)4(C⋮CC⋮CSiMe3) (1) as the only product. A similar reaction utilizing a 5-fold excess of LiC⋮CC⋮CSiMe3 resulted in a mixture of 1 and the bis-alkynyl adduct trans-Ru2(ap)4(C⋮CC⋮CSiMe3)2 (2), and the ratio of two products depends on workup procedures. X-ray diffraction studies of 1 and 2 revealed that the bridging ap ligands are in the (4,0) polar arrangement and the Ru−Ru vector and butadiynyl backbone are approximately collinear. Both compounds 1 and 2 are rich in redox chemistry: two reversible one-electron couples were observed for the former and three for the latter from the cyclic voltammetry study.
Gene Transfer to Rodent Brain with Recombinant Adenoviral Vectors: Effects of Infusion Parameters, Infectious Titer, and Virus Concentration on Transduction Volume

Initial studies examining intraparenchymal injection of recombinant viral vectors in rodent brain have demonstrated a limited region of gene transfer. We examined, independently, different infusion parameters to determine if the volume of cells transduced acutely could be increased. Varying the rate of infusion from 0.3 to 3 μl/min at constant time and virus dose did not improve the volume of brain transduced, with the lowest rate of infusion demonstrating the least amount of gene transfer. However, transduction volume did increase with increasing particle concentrations of virus, although the improvements were modest from 3 to 9 × 109total particles infused. Infusion of virus under conditions of hypertonicity resulted in modest improvements in the final transduced volume. These studies suggest that most changes in infusion parameters will have small effects on the initial transduction volume in rodent brain.
3-PG Productivity Modeling of Regenerating Amazon Forests: Climate Sensitivity and Comparison with MODIS-Derived NPP

Abstract Potential forest growth predicted by the Physiological Principles in Predicting Growth (3-PG) model was compared for forest and deforested areas in the Legal Amazon to assess potential differing regeneration associated with climate. Historical deforestation and regeneration have occurred in environmentally marginal areas that influence regional carbon sequestration estimates. Effects of El Nino–induced drought further reduce simulated production by decreasing soil water availability in areas with shallow soils and high transpiration potential. The model was calibrated through comparison of literature biomass and with satellite-based estimates. Net primary productivity (NPP) for mature Amazonian forests from the 3-PG model was positively correlated (r 2 = 0.77) with a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived algorithm, though with some bias. Annual total NPP for the study area using a 1961–90 average climatology was 4.6 Pg C yr−1, which decreased to 4.2 Pg C yr−1 when simulate...
Regurgitant jet direction in patients with prolapse of the anterolateral scallop of the posterior mitral valve leaflet.

g HE ORIENTATION and direction of jets of mitral regurgitation (MR) often provide the echocardiographer with mportant clues regarding the precise nature of valvular patholgy. For instance, a large body of literature supports the conept that prolapse of the posterior mitral valve leaflet (PMVL) esults in an anteriorly directed jet of MR, whereas prolapse of he anterior mitral valve leaflet (AMVL) results in a posteriorly irected jet of MR.1-7 However, as the 2 following cases show, atients with prolapse of the anterolateral scallop of the PMVL P1) may present with posteriorly directed jets of MR, thus
Limitations of opto-electronic neural networks

Consideration is given to the limitations of implementing neurons, weights, and connections in neural networks for electronics and optics. It is shown that the advantages of each technology are utilized when electronically fabricated neurons are included and a combination of optics and electronics are employed for the weights and connections. The relationship between the types of neural networks being constructed and the choice of technologies to implement the weights and connections is examined.