cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of O-Acetyl-ADP-ribose as a Target for Nudix ADP-ribose Hydrolases

The Sir2 family of NAD+-dependent histone/protein deacetylases has been implicated in a wide range of biological activities, including gene silencing, life span extension, and chromosomal stability. Recent evidence has indicated that these proteins produce a novel metabolite O-acetyl-ADP-ribose (OAADPr) during deacetylation. Cellular studies have demonstrated that this metabolite exhibits biological effects when microinjected in living cells. However, the molecular targets ofOAADPr remain to be identified. Here we have analyzed the ADP-ribose-specific Nudix family of hydrolases as potential in vivo metabolizing enzymes of OAADPr. In vitro, we found that the ADP-ribose hydrolases (yeast YSA1, mouse NudT5, and human NUDT9) cleaved OAADPr to the products AMP and acetylated ribose 5′-phosphate. Steady-state kinetic analyses revealed that YSA1 and NudT5 hydrolyzed OAADPr with similar kinetic constants to those obtained with ADP-ribose as substrate. In dramatic contrast, human NUDT9 was 500-fold less efficient (k cat/K m values) at hydrolyzing OAADPr compared with ADP-ribose. The inability of OAADPr to inhibit the reaction of NUDT9 with ADP-ribose suggests that NUDT9 binds OAADPr with low affinity, likely due to steric considerations of the additional acetylated-ribose moiety. We next explored whether Nudix hydrolytic activities against OAADPr could be observed in cell extracts from yeast and human. Using a detailed analysis of the products generated during the consumption of OAADPr in extracts, we identified two robust enzymatic activities that were not consistent with the known Nudix hydrolases. Instead, we identified cytoplasmic esterase activities that hydrolyze OAADPr to acetate and ADP-ribose, whereas a distinct activity residing in the nucleus is consistent with an OAADPr-specific acetyltransferase. These findings establish for the first time that select members of the ADP-ribose hydrolases are potential targets ofOAADPr metabolism. However, the predominate endogenous activities observed from diverse cell extracts represent novel enzymes.
In vitro comparison of two different methods of cell washing.

The storage of red blood cells (RBC) results in increased concentrations of plasma free hemoglobin, potassium, glucose, and lactate, among other undesirable substances. These concentrations continu...
α-Myosin heavy chain cDNA structure and gene expression in adult, fetal, and premature baboon myocardium

Abstract To examine cardiac myosin gene structure and expression in a non-human primate model for human heart development and disease we have constructed a cDNA library from baboon atrium and used baboon β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) ∗ cDNA probes to isolate atrial MHC clones. The nucleotide sequence of one such clone, λBMHCα3, contains sequences that encode part of the light meromyosin region (LMM) and the 3′ untranslated region of the baboon α-MHC. To study cardiac MHC gene transcription, we constructed probes from the baboon α-MHC cDNA for S1 nuclease analyses of RNA from atria and ventricles. To examine translational regulation of cardiac MHC gene expression, we used monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against specific α- and β-MHC epitopes for Western blot analyses. In atria and ventricles from adult baboons, we detected predominantly α- and β-MHC gene transcripts, respectively. In ventricles from fetal baboons at two stages of development (140 and 160 days gestation), we also detected predominantly β-MHC gene transcripts and isoforms. To investigate changes induced by parturition, we obtained ventricles from baboons that were prematurely delivered at 140 days gestation and supported for 10 days in an extrauterine environment. In contrast to adult and fetal patterns, we observed an increase in α-MHC transcripts and isoforms in ventricles of premature baboons. Because α-MHC gene expression is increased in premature baboons (total age of 150 days) compared to their older 160 day fetal counterparts, the induction of ventricular α-MHC synthesis must have resulted from factor(s) associated with parturition or prolonged mechanical ventilation rather than at predetermined stages of gestational development.
Temporal pattern of vesicoureteral reflux on voiding cystourethrogram correlates with dynamic endoscopic hydrodistention grade of ureteral orifice.

Purpose: The double hydrodistention implantation technique uses ureteral hydrodistention to visualize injection site(s) and determine required bulking agent volume. Along with grade, early vesicoureteral reflux on voiding cystourethrogram provides prognostic information regarding spontaneous resolution of reflux. We hypothesized that reflux timing is predictive of endoscopic hydrodistention grade.Materials and Methods: We identified children undergoing the double hydrodistention implantation technique for primary vesicoureteral reflux between 2009 and 2012. Hydrodistention grade (0 to 3) was assigned prospectively, and compared to vesicoureteral reflux grade and timing on voiding cystourethrogram.Results: A total of 196 children with a mean ± SD age of 3.94 ± 2.58 years underwent injection of 332 ureters. Mean ± SD vesicoureteral reflux grade was 2.8 ± 0.9. Of the ureters 52.4% demonstrated early to mid filling, 39.2% late filling and 8.4% voiding only reflux. Mean ± SD reflux grade was 3.1 ± 0.81 for ear...
Effects of temperature, irradiance, and daylength on the marine diatom leptocylindrus danicus cleve. I. Photosynthesis and cellular composition

Abstract Rates of 14C uptake and cellular composition of C, N, and Chl a in the marine diatom Leptocylindrus danicus Cleve were measured in axenic batch culture under 49 combinations of temperature (5, 10, 15, 20 °C), daylength (15: 9, 12: 12, 9: 15 LD), and irradiance (at least four irradiances per daylength). 14C uptake exhibited a temperature-dependent daylength effect. Similar P-I curves characterized cells grown under 15: 9 and 12: 12 LD; Pmax values were 17.2, 11.2, 4.3, and 1.8 pg C. pg Chl a−1. h−1 at 20, 15, 10, and 5°C, respectively. Under 9:15 LD at 20 and 15°C, the lightsaturated photosynthetic rate was ≈50% that in cells grown under longer daylengths. 14C uptake was independent of daylength at 10 and 5°C. The initial slope, a, of cells grown under long daylengths increased by five-fold between 5 and 20 °C. α values of cells grown under 9: 15 LD at 15 and 20 °C were depressed relative to longer daylengths. Chl a was inversely related to irradiance, and increased with temperature from 10 to 20 °C, whereas cell carbon and nitrogen showed a similar temperature dependence but was not influenced by irradiance or daylength. The C : N ratio and cell volume were independent of temperature, irradiance, and daylength. Both the C : Chl a and N : Chl a ratios increased with irradiance by greater amounts at lower temperatures.
School Function in Students With Down Syndrome

People with Down syndrome (DS) are predisposed to specific areas of relative developmental strength and challenge, but it is unclear whether and how this profile affects participation in school and community settings. In this study we characterized the nature of school participation and performance of functional tasks in the school context for 26 elementary students with DS (mean age = 7.86 yr; standard deviation = 1.75). Students participated in assessments of cognitive status and language development. Their teachers completed the School Function Assessment (Coster, Deeney, Haltiwanger, & Haley, 1998) questionnaire and a standardized questionnaire on executive functioning (EF). Students demonstrated a pronounced pattern of assistance- and adaptation-related needs across various domains of school function. The strongest predictor of school function was EF skills, as reported by teachers (adjusted R² = .47, p = .003). Findings from this study should inform future intervention and school-related planning for elementary school students with DS.
“Censorship liberally administered”: Press, U.S. military relations in the Spanish‐American War

This study is a reappraisal of press censorship during the Spanish‐American War of 1898. The accounts of censors and correspondents written during or shortly after the war are compared to answer three questions: How did the censorship system work? What factors caused its effectiveness to vary? How did the press respond? The study argues that the war's most effective censors were the correspondents, who mostly competed for stories that did not pose risks to military security. The conflicting priorities of military and political leaders often blocked the censors, who reviewed newspaper dispatches as much to gain information as to protect secrets.
Assembly instruction level reverse execution for debugging

Assembly instruction level reverse execution provides a programmer with the ability to return a program to a previous state in its execution history via execution of a "reverse program." The ability to execute a program in reverse is advantageous for shortening software development time. Conventional techniques for recovering a state rely on saving the state into a record before the state is destroyed. However, state-saving causes significant memory and time overheads during forward execution.The proposed method introduces a reverse execution methodology at the assembly instruction level with low memory and time overheads. The methodology generates, from a program, a reverse program by which a destroyed state is almost always regenerated rather than being restored from a record. This significantly reduces state-saving.The methodology has been implemented on a PowerPC processor with a custom made debugger. As compared to previous work, all of which heavily use state-saving techniques, the experimental results show from 2X to 2206X reduction in run-time memory usage, from 1.5X to 403X reduction in forward execution time overhead and from 1.2X to 2.32X reduction in forward execution time for the tested benchmarks. Furthermore, due to the reduction in memory usage, our method can provide reverse execution in many cases where other methods run out of available memory. However, for cases where there is enough memory available, our method results in 1.16X to 1.89X slow down in reverse execution.
Earnings Management and Accounting Values: A Test of Gray (1988)

ABSTRACT: This study examines the ability of Gray's (1988) accounting values to explain earnings management in a sample of 31 countries. We quantify these accounting values in two different ways and examine their relationship to the five earnings management measures developed in Leuz et al. (2003). In our analyses, we control for legal enforcement and outside investor rights (La Porta et al. 1998). We also control for the breadth of accounting standards (at the country level) using the absence measure developed in Ding et al. (2007). Our analyses are generally supportive of a positive relationship between earnings management and Gray's (1988) accounting values of statutory control, uniformity, conservatism, and secrecy.
540 OPTIMAL DIETARY THERAPY FOR OBESE ADOLESCENTS: EFPECTS OF DIETARY GLUCOSE OR FAT ON THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF PROTEIN AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM

540 OPTIMAL DIETARY THERAPY FOR OBESE ADOLESCENTS: EFPECTS OF DIETARY GLUCOSE OR FAT ON THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF PROTEIN AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM
Direct current reduces accumulation of Evans blue albumin in full- thickness burns

BACKGROUND Application of direct current (DC) to a burn wound limits extension of the zone-of-stasis and reduces wound tissue edema. OBJECTIVE To study the effects of DC on extravasation of plasma proteins after burn by using Evans blue (EB) as a marker of plasma albumin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats with 20% total body surface area full-thickness scalds (100 degrees C/10 sec) were used as the experimental model. Burn wounds were treated with plain nylon, silver-nylon, silver-nylon and 40 microA DC, or no dressing. EB (30 mg/kg) was injected immediately or at variably delayed postburn (PB) times and accompanied by DC application at various time intervals PB. Tissue content of Evans blue was assessed at different times after injection of the dye or infliction of burn injury. RESULTS Evans blue albumin (EBA) concentration in untreated burn wounds (307.7 microg/g tissue) was nine times greater than in unburned skin (36.5 microg/g tissue) at 48 hours PB. When animals received a DC and EB injection immediately PB, DC treatment reduced EBA concentration by 60% at any time point PB. When EB was injected immediately PB, or at variably delayed times PB, accompanied by DC immediately PB, or at variably delayed times PB, DC reduced EBA accumulation at all examined times PB by more the 50% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION EBA and edema fluid accumulation in burn wound change in concert after injury and show similar response to DC treatment.
Chemotherapy of malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Background: Owing to worldwide use of asbestos during the past century, the global incidence of mesothelioma is still increasing. Although the outcome for patients remains poor, there has been definite progress in the systemic treatment of this disease within the past 5 years. Objective: By examining the clinical trials performed and the role of novel emerging agents, this review aims to provide an ‘expert opinion’ on evidences that validate chemotherapy as current ‘standard of care’ for inoperable mesothelioma. Methods: Relevant literature about clinical trials was reviewed using a PubMed search and other relevant data about novel therapeutic approaches both established and in development. Conclusion: The response rates achieved using chemotherapeutic treatments are higher than previous ones, and in the future may be improved by the use of combined and personalized therapies.
Genus-two curves with 22 torsion points

We prove the existence of infinitely many genus 2 curves over C whose hyperelliptic torsion packet contains at least 22 points.
Prediction of the binding sites of huperzine A in acetylcholinesterase by docking studies

We have performed docking studies with the SYSDOC program on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to predict the binding sites in AChE of huperzine A (HA), which is a potent and selective, reversible inhibitor of AChE. The unique aspects of our docking studies include the following: (i) Molecular flexibility of the guest and the host is taken into account, which permits both to change their conformations upon binding. (ii) The binding energy is evaluated by a sum of energies of steric, electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions. In the energy calculation no grid approximation is used, and all hydrogen atoms of the system are treated explicitly. (iii) The energy of cation-π interactions between the guest and the host, which is important in the binding of AChE, is included in the calculated binding energy. (iv) Docking is performed in all regions of the host's binding cavity. Based on our docking studies and the pharmacological results reported for HA and its analogs, we predict that HA binds to the bottom of the binding cavity of AChE (the gorge) with its ammonium group interacting with Trp84, Phe330, Glu199 and Asp72 (catalytic site). At the the opening of the gorge with its ammonium group partially interacting with Trp279 (peripheral site). At the catalytic site, three partially overlapping subsites of HA were identified which might provide a dynamic view of binding of HA to the catalytic site.
Input uncertainty propagation methods and hazard mapping of geophysical mass flows

[1] This paper presents several standard and new methods for characterizing the effect of input data uncertainty on model output for hazardous geophysical mass flows. Note that we do not attempt here to characterize the inherent randomness of such flow events. We focus here on the problem of characterizing uncertainty in model output due to lack of knowledge of such input for a particular event. Methods applied include classical Monte Carlo and Latin hypercube sampling and more recent stochastic collocation, polynomial chaos, spectral projection and a newly developed extension thereof named polynomial chaos quadrature. The simple and robust samplings based Monte Carlo type methods are usually computationally intractable for reasonable physical models, while the more sophisticated and computationally efficient polynomial chaos method often breaks down for complex models. The spectral projection and polynomial chaos quadrature methods discussed here produce results of quality comparable to the polynomial chaos type methods while preserving the simplicity and robustness of the Monte Carlo-type sampling based approaches at much lower cost. The computational efficiency, however, degrades with increasing numbers of random variables. A procedure for converting the output uncertainty characterization into a map showing the probability of a hazard threshold being exceeded is also presented. The uncertainty quantification procedures are applied first in simple settings to illustrate the procedure and then subsequently applied to the 1991 block-and-ash flows at Colima Volcano, Mexico.
Meaning in post-modern architecture: An examination using the multiple sorting task

Abstract The relevance of the multiple sorting task as a research tactic for the empirical study of environmental meaning is illustrated in the context of a specific study of Modern and Post-Modern architecture. The assumption of architectural critics that Post-Modern buildings are more meaningful to the general public than Modern buildings forms the basis for the research hypotheses of this study. Twenty-four buildings, ranging from Modern to Post-Modern are evaluated by 20 architects and 20 accountants whose responses are structured through a multiple sorting task. The sorting data are interpreted in terms of regional analyses of multi-dimensional scaling structures, following the general principles of Facet Theory. These results suggest that (1) architects and accountants do employ different sets of criteria (different codes, in effect) for evaluating buildings, and yet (2) Post-Modern buildings (despite their architects' intentions of relating their designs to a popular code) are not perceived by the accountants as distinct from Modern buildings. The particular strengths of the multiple sorting task as a research tactic for this and other studies of environmental meaning are discussed and summarized.
Magnetorotationsmessungen mit einem vollautomatischen, digital anzeigenden Polarimeter

Ein neu entwickeltes, vollautomatisches digital anzeigendes Polarimeter kann in Verbindung mit einem einfachen Zusatzgerat zur Messung der Magnetorotation verwendet werden. Die Anordnung wird mit destilliertem Wasser kalibriert und erlaubt sodann die Messung von Verdet-Konstanten unbekannter Proben mit einer Genauigkeit von etwa ± 1%.
Scale-space median and gabor filtering for boundary detection in electron microscopy images

A new algorithm based on scale-space median and gabor filtering is used to find boundaries in electron microscopy images under noise and low contrast. Boundary information from different scales are fused to find triple junctions and dihedral angles that are of use in material science. The proposed algorithm has been tested on various electron microscopy images and has been shown to be robust to changing imaging conditions, noise and contrast.
Two-dimensional laser interferometric encoder for the soft X-ray scanning microscope at the NSLS

Abstract A two-dimensional laser interferometric encoder for the scanning soft X-ray microscope has been developed and tested at the NSLS mini-undulator beamline X-17T. The instrument is designed to provide a resolution of 316 A within the 3 mm range of the stage, and to permit scanning speeds up to 3 mm/s. The accuracy of the indicated position is limited by the low-cost laser used, but is more than adequate for scan lengths used in typical experiments (∼ 50 μm). We present here the optical and electronic design features.
Sample size requirement for detecting interference under the chi-square model.

The chi-square model (CHS) of recombination has been studied extensively, in recent years, for its ability of capturing the process and estimating the level of crossover interference. Exploration thus
Aortic Stiffness and Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Children Following Early Repair of Aortic Coarctation

Aortic stiffness and diastolic function are abnormal in adults with repaired coarctation of the aorta (CoA). The goal of this study was to determine the relation between aortic stiffness and left ventricular (LV) diastolic impairment in children who had undergone CoA repair very early in life. This is a retrospective review of echocardiograms in children with isolated repaired CoA (group CoA; n = 24) and healthy matched controls (group Normal; n = 24). We analyzed systolic and LV diastolic functions, proximal and distal ascending aortic stiffness indices (SIs), distensibility, and strain. Age range was 0.3 to 21 (median 9) years. Age at time of CoA repair was 0 to 24 (median 0.5) months. Median time since CoA repair was 6 years. There was no significant difference in blood pressure, LV size, and systolic function between the groups. LV diastolic function was impaired in group CoA compared with group Normal (septal E′: CoA 10.3 ± 1.6 cm/s and Normal 13.4 ± 1.9 cm/s, p
Isolation and characterization of a fast-growing, thermophilic methanobacterium species.

A thermophilic, autotrophic methanogen (strain CB12, DSM 3664) was isolated from a mesophilic biogas digestor. This bacterium used H/sub 2/-CO/sub 2/ or formate as a substrate and grew as short rods, sometimes in pairs and in crooked filaments. Motility was not observed. Its optimum temperature (56/sup 0/C) was lower than that of other thermophilic members of the genus Methanobacterium. The maximum observed specific growth rate was 0.564 h/sup -1/ (74-min doubling time).
A genetic approach to analyzing membrane protein topology

Fusions of the secreted protein alkaline phosphatase to an integral cytoplasmic membrane protein of Escherichia coli showed different activities depending on where in the membrane protein the alkaline phosphatase was fused. Fusions to positions in or near the periplasmic domain led to high alkaline phosphatase activity, whereas those to positions in the cytoplasmic domain gave low activity. Analysis of alkaline phosphatase fusions to membrane proteins of unknown structure may thus be generally useful in determining their membrane topologies.
Forskolin: effects on mouse parotid gland function.

Forskolin stimulates cyclic AMP accumulation, cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase activation and amylase release from mouse parotid acini in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, forskolin augments β-adrenergic (isoproterenol)-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation and amylase release. These results suggest that forskolin may be a valuable tool in examining the role of cyclic AMP in salivary gland secretion from intact cell preparations.
The Current Systems of the Jovian Magnetosphere and Ionosphere and Predictions for Saturn

Magnetized plasmas in motion inevitably generate currents and the magnetized plasmas that form the magnetospheres of the outer planets are no exception. Although a focus on the current systems tends to distract from the underlying dynamics, many elements of magnetospheric structure can be organized by discussing them in terms of the large scale currents present in the system. This paper starts with a digression on the pitfalls of a current-based description of a planetary magnetosphere but then proceeds to characterize the magnetospheres of Jupiter, Earth, and to some extent Saturn by the currents that flow within them. Emphasis is placed on the field-aligned currents that couple the equatorial magnetospheres to the ionospheres and the conditions that call for the development of field-aligned electric fields.
Cardiovascular risk factors and antihypertensive therapy

Reduction of elevated blood pressure is effective in reducing morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease in general. Striking decreases in stroke, congestive heart failure, and renal impairment have been observed when blood pressure is reduced. However, the ability of traditional, diuretic-first, stepped-care therapeutic algorithms to reduce the occurrence of myocardial infarction or angina has been exceedingly difficult to demonstrate. An increased frequency of sudden death among hypertensive men with electrocardiographic abnormalities has been observed in some diuretic-based treatment trials. The failure of conventional therapy to reduce coronary artery disease and death has forced a re-appraisal of antihypertensive treatment. The risk factors for coronary disease are reviewed in detail with an emphasis on the impact of various classes of antihypertensive drugs on these factors. The emergence of effective antihypertensive agents that lower blood pressure without adversely affecting cardiovascular risk factors provides a new opportunity to further extend the benefit of treatment by reducing such risk.
Effects of morphine and pentobarbital on mouse and rat renal transport systems.

Abstract The effects of morphine and pentobarbital administered by pellet implantation have been examined for possible nephrotoxic effects in the rat and the mouse. In particular, the effects of these drugs on various renal transport mechanisms were examined. Morphine was found to disrupt renal transport, tissue electrolytes, but not tissue oxygen consumption 24 hr after pellet implantation in the mouse. By 72 hr, however, all parameters examined had returned to control levels despite the continued presence of morphine. The specificity of this effect was demonstrable through the use of naloxone. This antagonist reversed completely all of the morphine effects in the mouse. In the rats, morphine altered only p -aminohippurate (PAH) transport. Pentobarbital reduced PAH and tetraethylammonium (TEA) transport in the rat. Kidney slices from mice implanted with pentobarbital showed significant increases in the uptake of PAH and α-aminoisobutyrate (AIB). No disruption of tissue electrolytes or water was observed in either species with pentobarbital administration.
Eugene Dening: Young Artist from Alberta

Eugene Dening, an emerging artist in Canada, recently earned his Bachelors degree at the Calvin College (Grand Rapids, MI). This essay on his artwork explores the value of art making to LGBT youth, those gay and lesbian artists who have influenced their work, and those queer and critical readings practices that one can apply to arts’ viewing.
Cell Adhesion on a Wavy Surface

The ability to control the position of cells in an organized pattern on a substrate has become increasingly important for biosensing and tissue engineering applications [1–3]. With the advent of nanofabrication techniques, a number of researchers have studied the effects of nano-scale grooves on cell spreading, migration, morphology, signaling and orientation [4–6]. Recent studies have shown that cell adhesion/spreading can be influenced by a nanostructured surface [7]. In most current studies, the pattern dimensions are much smaller than the size of a cell. In this paper, we focus on studying cell response to micro scale patterns instead of nano-scale patterns.© 2013 ASME
MULTIPLE SCATTERING OF PIONS BY $sup 12$C.

The elastic and inelastic (first excited state only) scattering of pions from $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ is calculated by a method previously described and compared with data from 120 to 280 MeV. It is found that the agreement is comparable with other methods that have been used. An investigation of several possible sources of error in the method is also made.
Laparoscopic colectomy: status of the art.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to review the progress made in removing the colon with laparoscopic technique. BASIC PROCEDURES: Literature review and personal experiences. MAIN FINDINGS: Laparoscopy is a safe and efficacious technique for the removal of segments of the colon for benign indications. Malignant lesions can be removed laparoscopically with satisfactory margins, but long-term efficacy has not been established. Laparoscopic-assisted surgery appears to be associated with improved preservation of bowel and other physiologic function while decreasing narcotic requirements and length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy will likely be the technique of choice for removing segments of the colon in select situations.
Low levels of MHPG in depressive spectrum patients

Abstract There is some preliminary laboratory support for the proposed classification of depressed patients into depressive spectrum disease (DSD) and non-DSD. This study explores whether there is a difference in the levels of the norepinephrine metabolite, MHPG, in DSD and non-DSD patients. MHPG levels from 38 DSD patients were compared with 24 non-DSD patients. After controlling for the influence of age and gender on MHPG, the DSD patients had MHPG levels that were lower than non-DSD patients; 1655 ± 90 mg/day vs. 1965 ± 174 mg/day, respectively; P = 0.05. This study provides additional laboratory support for the DSD subtype. Possible implications of this finding are discussed.
Changing the Transition State for Protein (Un)folding

(Un)folding transition states of Saccharomyces cerevisiae iso-1-ferri- and ferrocytochromes c were studied using equilibrium and kinetic denaturation experiments. The wild-type protein and the glob...
Solution of population balance equations using the direct quadrature method of moments

The implementation of a population balance equation (PBE) in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) represents a crucial element in the simulation of multiphase flows. Some of the available methods, such as classes methods (CM) and Monte Carlo (MC) methods, are computationally expensive and simulation of real cases of practical interest requires intractable CPU times. On the other hand, other methods such as the method of moments (MOM) are computationally affordable but have proven to be inaccurate for a number of cases. In recent work a new closure, the quadrature method of moments (QMOM), has been introduced, applied and validated. In our earlier work, QMOM was shown to be an efficient and accurate method for tracking the moments of the particle size distribution (PSD) in a CFD simulation. However, QMOM presents two main disadvantages: (i) if applied to multi-variate distributions it loses simplicity and efficiency, and (ii) by tracking only the moments of the PSD, it does not represent realistically polydisperse systems with strong coupling between the internal coordinates and phase velocities. In order to address these issues, in this work the direct quadrature method of moments (DQMOM) is formulated, validated, and tested. DQMOM is based on the idea of tracking directly the variables appearing in the quadrature approximation, rather than tracking the moments of the PSD. Nevertheless, for monovariate cases we show that QMOM and DQMOM yield identical results. In addition, we show how it is possible to extend the DQMOM to multivariate cases and some of relevant theoretical and numerical issues are discussed. These issues are discussed in the present work for homogeneous and one-dimensional flows. References to recent CFD applications of DQMOM to multiphase flows are provided as further proof of the utility of the method.
Understanding the open access data movement.

Editor’s note: The internet provides unprecedented opportunities to share summary data and complete datasets of original research online, in order that readers and researchers alike can review such data in detail. The implications of this ‘open data movement’ are considerable, though not entirely resolved. In this expanded Letter to the Editor, Dr. John Doyle comments on several ramifications of the open data movement.
The involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex in blood pressure control

The visceromotor nature of the rat anterior cingulate cortex was investigated by electrically stimulating this area in both anesthetized and awake animals. Initial studies demonstrated that electrical stimulation of any division of the anterior cingulate cortex elicits a significant fall in blood pressure in the sodium pentobarbital-anesthetized rat. Depressor responses were greatest (up to 50% decreases) following stimulation of the ventral third of the anterior cingulate cortex. Heart rate was not altered by cingulate cortex stimulation. In the awake animal, stimulation of previously identified depressor sites in the rostral third of the pregenual cingulate cortex elicited pressor responses. In contrast, stimulation of the caudal third of this cortex elicited depressor responses, and stimulation of the middle third elicited biphasic (pressor followed by depressor) responses. These results indicate that the anterior cingulate cortex is a visceromotor region which may provide a cortical output for the regulation of blood pressure responses associated with learning and or stress.
Serum amyloid A: from fibril to function. Current status.

(2000). Serum amyloid A: From fibril to function. Current status. Amyloid: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 10-12.
Hypovolemic shock in acute lethal T-2 mycotoxicosis.

Experiments were performed on pentobarbital-anesthetized cats to test the hypothesis that hypovolemia rather than cardiac failure is responsible for the acute lethal toxicity of the trichothecene mycotoxin, T-2 toxin (T2T). Measurements were made on mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), arterial pulse pressure (PP), and heart rate (HR) in eight otherwise untreated cats given T2T (2 mg/kg iv) and in three cats similarly injected with T2T but then transfused with plasma and blood. The transfusions to their available extent significantly delayed or counteracted the development of mycotoxic shock (i.e., depressed MAP and PP) and prevented or reversed a rise in the hematocrit. HR remained stable under all conditions. Plasmapheresis followed by whole-blood removal was found best to simulate mechanistically the mycotoxic shock syndrome in six blood donor cats free of T2T. It is concluded that hypovolemia with polycythemia resulting from plasma leakage and internal bleeding accounts for acute lethal T-2 mycotoxicosis.
Bayesian nonparametric survival analysis for grouped data

A Bayesian nonparametric estimate of the survival distribution is derived under a particular sampling scheme for grouped data that includes the possibility of censoring. The estimate uses the prior information to smooth the data, giving an estimate which is continuous. As special cases survival estimates for life tables are obtained and the estimate of Susarla and Van Ryzin (1976) is derived. As the weight of the prior information tends to zero, the Bayesian estimate reduces to a continuous version of the nonparametric maximum-likelihood estimate. An empirical Bayes modification of the procedure is illustrated on a data set from Cutler and Ederer (1958). Les auteurs proposent une estimation non-parametrique bayesienne ďune fonction de survie dans une situation ou le plan ďechantillonnage des donnees groupees tient compte de la possibilite ďune censure. La methode suggeree exploite ľinformation a priori en vue de lisser les donnees et conduit a une estimation continue. A titre ďexemple, les auteurs obtiennent des estimateurs pour des tables de survie et ils obtiennent en outre ľestimateur de Susarla et Van Ryzin (1976). Lorsque le poids alloue a ľinformation a priori tend vers zero, ľestimation bayesienne presentee ici se reduit a une version continue de ľestimation a vraisemblance maximale non-parametrique. Une modification de cette procedure s'inspirant de ľapproche bayesienne experimentale est illustree au moyen des donnees de Cutler et Ederer (1958).
Molecular cloning and expression of subunit 9 of the 26S proteasome.

Abstract Seven peptides from subunit 9 (S9) of the human 26S proteasome were sequenced and this information was used to clone a HeLa cDNA that encodes the 46 kDa subunit. Rabbit polyclonal antisera were made against a ubiquitin fusion protein containing 12 amino acids from S9 and against a full-length S9 expressed in E. coli . Western blot analysis showed that the S9-specific antibodies bound the 26S proteasome and its regulatory complex separated on non-denaturing gels. In SDS-PAGE samples of the two complexes, the S9-specific antibodies bound a single 46 kDa subunit. Thus, a cDNA encoding a novel 26S protease subunit has been isolated, sequenced, and expressed. © 1997 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.
Psychological Distress Among Adult Patients Being Evaluated for Bone Marrow Transplantation

A sample of 437 patients being evaluated for bone marrow transplantation (BMT) completed interviews and questionnaires to assess their psychosocial adjustment. Nearly a third of the patients (31%) showed some degree of depression on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Scores on the Profile of Mood States Scale also indicated that these BMT candidates were experiencing a high level of psychological distress. This distress was found to be predicted by low scores on the Self-Rated Karnofsky Performance Scale and on scales measuring mastery and dispositional optimism. The value of assessing the levels of psychological distress and psychosocial resources of patients being evaluated for BMT and for providing necessary psychiatric interventions are discussed.
Concurrent chemo-radiation in the conservative management of breast cancer.

Purpose: Sequencing of chemotherapy (CTX) with radiation (RT) in the conservative management of breast cancer (CS+RT) remains controversial. We report here the results of a retrospective analysis of all patients treated with CTX and RT, with specific focus on outcome as a function of sequencing of CTX with RT. Methods and Materials: A total of 535 patients treated with CS+RT received CTX as a component of therapy. RT was administered concurrently with CTX in 109 (CONCTX). CTX was administered before RT in 276 patients, after RT in 106 patients, and in "sandwich" fashion in 44 patients. These three groups comprise the sequential chemotherapy group (SEQCTX). Results: With follow-up of 8.8 years, the 10-year survival rate was 78% and the distant metastasis-free rate was 75%. Despite more adverse factors for local control, patients in the CONCTX group had superior local control rate of 92% at 10 years compared with 83% in the SEQCTX group ( p p = 0.015). Cosmetic results, toxicities, and long-term complications were acceptable using this CONCTX regimen. Conclusions: CONCTX was associated with a reduction in local relapse rates, acceptable cosmesis, and toxicities. These data support the use of concurrent RT and CTX in selected patients at high risk for local failure. Future prospective trials should explore the use of concurrent CTX and RT in high-risk patients using currently employed agents.
Effects of self-administered androstenedione on a young male bodybuilder: A single-subject study

Abstract A well-trained, white, male bodybuilder (age, 28 years; weight, 92.3 kg; body fat, ~5%) was monitored for an 11-week period during which he self-administered androstenedione (200 to 400 mg/d) for two 4-week cycles (weeks 1 to 4 and 7 to 10). During that 11-week period, he followed a resistance-training program designed to maximize skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Body composition was determined weekly by measuring skinfolds at 7 sites and at weeks 0, 4, and 11 by means of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry analysis (DXA). Using data obtained from 24-hour dietary recall, dietary analysis was performed once each week for the duration of the study. Total and free testosterone concentrations, blood lipid concentrations, and liver function were measured at weeks 0, 4, and 11. Androstenedione ingestion resulted in an increase in free testoster-one concentration (week 0,15.5 ng/dL; week 4,17.6 ng/dL; week 11, 20.7 ng/dL), whereas total testosterone concentration showed no consistent alteration. Furthermore, no significant changes were observed in blood lipid concentrations or liver function. Percentage body fat increased (DXA: week 0, 7.3% and week 11, 8.7%; skinfolds: week 0, 5.1% and week 11, 5.5%), whereas body weight did not change. Thus in a well-trained, young, male bodybuilder, the ingestion of androstenedione 200 or 400 mg/d resulted in a slight increase in body fat without any deleterious changes in blood lipid concentrations or liver function.
Continuous Alfalfa: Invertebrate Pests During Establishment

Invertebrates were collected from alfalfa planted into two old alfalfa fields by conservation-tillage methods. Pesticides in 12 treatment combinations were applied at or near planting. Triple-treatment combinations (paraquat or glyphosate + carbofuran 10G + methiocarb 2% bait) had significantly more alfalfa plants per meter of row and more total dry matter, digestible dry matter, and protein in one field. Several double-treatment combinations also had significant increases in total yield. In a second field, double treatments of glyphosate + carbofuran or carbofuran + methiocarb bait were the only treatments with significant increases in dry matter and digestible dry matter. Invertebrates negatively associated with alfalfa plant density were three species of slugs, several species of leafhoppers, and a sowbug.
Mechanical and thermal properties of nanomaterials at sub-50nm dimensions characterized using coherent EUV beams

Coherent extreme ultraviolet beams from tabletop high harmonic generation offer several revolutionary capabilities for observing nanoscale systems on their intrinsic length and time scales. By launching and monitoring hypersonic acoustic waves in such systems, we characterize the mechanical properties of sub-10nm layers and find that the material densities remain close to their bulk values while their elastic properties are significantly modified. Moreover, within the same measurement, by following the heat dissipation dynamics from 30-750nm-wide nanowires, we uncover a new thermal transport regime in which closely-spaced nanoscale heat sources can surprisingly cool more efficiently than widelyspaced heat sources of the same size.
Relation of the Proteolytic Enzyme Activity to the Proteolytic Organisms Found in Separator Slime

Summary 1.The proteolytic enzymatic activity of separator slime was greater during the summer months than during the winter months. 2.There exists a relation between the numbers of proteolytic bacteria in separator slime and its proteolytic enzymatic activity. 3.Approximately 70 per cent of the proteolytic enzymatic activity of separator slime was inactivated at 145° F. for 30 minutes and 165° F. for 10 minutes.
Systoles of hyperbolic 3-manifolds

Let M be a complete hyperbolic n-manifold of finite volume. By a systole of M we mean a shortest closed geodesic in M. By the systole length of M we mean the length of a systole. We denote this by sl (M). In the case when M is closed, the systole length is simply twice the injectivity radius of M. In the presence of cusps, injectivity radius becomes arbitrarily small and it is for this reason we use the language of ‘systole length’. In the context of hyperbolic surfaces of finite volume, much work has been done on systoles; we refer the reader to [2, 10‐12] for some results. In dimension 3, little seems known about systoles. The main result in this paper is the following (see below for definitions): Theorem 1‐1. Let M be a closed orientable 3-manifold which does not admit any Riemannian metric of negative curvature. Let L be a link in M whose complement admits a complete hyperbolic structure of finite volume. Then sl (McL) % 7‐35534…. A particular case of this is when M fl S$. We define the systole length of a link L with hyperbolic complement to be that of S$cL.
A microprogrammed interpreter for concurrent euclid

There are several methods of executing programs written in a high level language. The most widely used is to compile the programs into machine language. Another is to translate the programs into some intermediate form and then to execute that form interpretively. A third method is to directly execute either the HLL or the intermediate form.This study was aimed at investigating the feasibility of directly executing the intermediate representation of the sequential features of Concurrent Euclid (CE) on the SEL 32/75 computer. The CE intermediate code was translated into Ecode, and a microprogrammed interpreter for Ecode was designed and implemented on the SEL, and benchmarked against the compiler. For the CPU-bound prime number algorithm Sieve of Eratosthenes, the interpreter was measured to be about twice as slow as the compiler, due primarily to poor overlap within microinstructions. Ecode was then modified, and a new translator and interpreter designed and implemented. The same benchmark then yielded comparable results for both the interpreter and compiler. We project that further changes in Ecode design and hardware support would result in substantial Ecode efficiency gains.
Dynamic Plan Generation and Real-Time Management Techniques for Traffic Evacuation

Surface transportation systems play a crucial role in responding to natural disasters and other catastrophic incidents that have devastating impacts on the lives of people all over the world. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) can play an important role not only in improving the operational efficiency of a transportation system but also in enhancing its safety and security. In this paper, we propose new techniques for augmenting ITS to improve and support homeland security. In particular, we propose two evacuation algorithms, i.e., all-links and fastest-links, and perform simulation studies to compare their performance. These algorithms are part of a smart traffic evacuation management system (STEMS) developed to provide rapid and efficient response to human-caused threats and disasters by automatically generating dynamic evacuation plans based on incident location and scope and subsequently automatically controlling traffic lights to direct evacuation traffic in a safe manner.
Role of Interferon in Homologous and Heterologous Rotavirus Infection in the Intestines and Extraintestinal Organs of Suckling Mice

Recent studies demonstrated that viremia and extraintestinal rotavirus infection are common in acutely infected humans and animals, while systemic diseases appear to be rare. Intraperitoneal infection of newborn mice with rhesus rotavirus (RRV) results in biliary atresia (BA), and this condition is influenced by the host interferon response. We studied orally inoculated 5-day-old suckling mice that were deficient in interferon (IFN) signaling to evaluate the role of interferon on the outcome of local and systemic infection after enteric inoculation. We found that systemic replication of RRV, but not murine rotavirus strain EC, was greatly enhanced in IFN-α/β and IFN-γ receptor double-knockout (KO) or STAT1 KO mice but not in mice deficient in B- or T-cell immunity. The enhanced replication of RRV was associated with a lethal hepatitis, pancreatitis, and BA, while no systemic disease was observed in strain EC-infected interferon-deficient mice. In IFN-α/β receptor KO mice the extraintestinal infection and systemic disease were only moderately increased, while RRV infection was not augmented and systemic disease was not present in IFN-γ receptor KO mice. The increase of systemic infection in IFN-deficient mice was also observed during simian strain SA11 infection but not following bovine NCDV, porcine OSU, or murine strain EW infection. Our data indicate that the requirements for the interferon system to inhibit intestinal and extraintestinal viral replication in suckling mice vary among different heterologous and homologous rotavirus strains, and this variation is associated with lethal systemic disease.