cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The 97 kDa linear IgA bullous disease antigen is identical to a portion of the extracellular domain of the 180 kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen, BPAg2

IgA autoantibodies from the sera of some patients with linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) recognize a 97kDa antigen (LABD97) located in the lamina lucida of the basement membrane zone. As LABD autoantibodies do not react with the 180 and 230kDa proteins recognized by bullous pemphigoid autoantibodies, LABD97 has been thought to represent a separate lamina lucida protein. In this study, we purified LABD97 from the extract of human epidermis using a monoclonal antibody immunoaffinity column and analyzed the amino acid sequence of the N terminus of purified LABD97. This revealed a 16 amino acid sequence that was identical to a previously reported sequence of the 180kDa antigen in bullous pemphigoid (BPAg2). The N terminus was located 41 amino acids downstream from the carboxyl end of the transmembrane domain of BPAg2 and 11 amino acids downstream from the MCW-1 domain, the predominant bullous pemphigoid epitope. Purified LABD97 was subsequently enzymatically digested with endoproteinase Arg C and separated by chromatography, which resulted in multiple peptide fractions. Fourteen of these fractions were subjected to amino acid sequencing. The amino acid sequence of the peptide fractions, totaling 205 amino acids, were identical to sequences contained within the extracellular domain of BPAg2. Whereas the predominant epitope identified with bullous pemphigoid sera is located in the noncollagenous region of this protein, the epitope recognized by LABD sera is either within or adjacent to the collagenous portion. We conclude that LABD97 represents a portion of the extracellular domain of BPAg2 and that the IgA autoantibodies are directed against an epitope within or adjacent to a collagenous domain.
The battle within the self, II: An existential approach to psychotherapy with personality disorders

Individuals who suffer from personality disorders are dominated by an internalized self-attacking mechanism which is labeled here as “the enemy.” This force is the incorporated voice of the parent incessantly operating and producing the psychological pain which very much characterizes the patient's existence. By anthropomorphizing this destructive aspect of the personality structure, the therapist is better able to become an ally with the healthy parts of the patient against this critical internal enemy. As patients more fully comprehend the wide extent of the ongoing battle within the self, they begin to develop the necessary resources to effect significant behavioral changes.
VIREMIA IN HYPERPYREXIC CHILDREN

Sixty-three children between the ages of 4 months and 16 years were studied because of temperatures of 39.5°C (103°F) or greater without an obvious source of infection. No child had received antibiotics for at least two weeks prior to this evaluation. Every child had bacterial cultures of blood, pharynx, cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) and urine. In addition, viral culture of pharynx, stool and buffy coat was obtained. Fifty-nine children had their CSF cultured for viruses. Viruses were recovered from 25 children (39.5%). Fourteen children had viruses isolated from their pharynx, 10 from feces, 4 from CSF and 10 from the blood. Several children had viruses cultivated from multiple sites. Cytomegalovirus was discovered in the buffy coat culture of a single child. Mumps virus was recovered from the blood and pharynx of 2 siblings. One of these children developed parotitis 5 days after culturing. The only symptom in the other child was the initial febrile episode. Echoviruses were retrieved from cultivation of buffy coats in 7 additional children. One child was carrying echovirus in his pharynx and stool as well as blood. The recovery of viruses from the blood of hyperpyrexic children is demonstrated. Echoviruses were the most frequently isolated viruses from buffy coat cultivation. Viremia should be considered in the evaluation of high temperatures in children.
BEHAVIORAL CORRELATES OF CHRONIC DOMINANCE-SUBORDINATION RELATIONSHIPS OF MALE RATS IN A SEMINATURAL SITUATION

Detailed characterization and analysis of intraspecific aggressive and defensive behaviors of rats in mixed sex groups is beginning to provide an understanding of the complex pattern of behavioral and physiological change associated with variation in dominance status. These findings indicate that male subordination dramatically reduces longevity and produces a pattern of behavior changes very similar to the defenses elicited by predatory exposure. In addition, many of these changes are, in detail, isomorphic to important behavioral features of clinical depression.
Mercury in hair of muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) and mink (Mustela vison) from the U. S. Department of Energy Oak Ridge Reservation.

Muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) are semi-aquatic rodents found throughout most of North America. Muskrats construct extensive burrow systems in the banks of streams and are potentially exposed to environmental contaminants through dermal and dietary sources. Muskrats are primarily herbivorous, which may limit their exposure to contaminants, as most plants contain relatively low concentrations of contaminants. However, riverine muskrats are known to prey on freshwater mussels, and have even been reported to prevent recovery of endangered mussels in the Clinch River of Virginia and Tennessee. Mussels and clams are known to bioaccumulate contaminants to levels several thousand times that of surrounding water, and these contaminants could potentially be bioaccumulated by predatory muskrats. The objectives of this study were to determine hair mercury levels in muskrats and mink inhabiting contaminated sites on the US DOE`s Oak Ridge Reservation. 19 refs., 2 tabs.
Determining crystallization kinetic parameters of Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 glass from derivative differential thermal analysis curves

Abstract The kinetic parameters such as crystallization activation energy, E, and the frequency factor, ν, of Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 glass were determined by a new non-isothermal method. The method is described by the equation ln T f 2 /β = E/RT f + ln (E/R)− ln ν , where β is the heating rate and Tf is the inflection-point temperature of differential thermal analysis (DTA). The value of Tf is determined as the maximum peak temperature on derivative differential thermal analysis (DDTA) curves. Values of E and ν of Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 glass were also determined by two existing non-isothermal methods, namely the Kissinger plot and the Ozawa plot, and compared with those determined by isothermal method. Values of E and ν determined by the proposed equation were 332 kJ/mol and 1.4×1013 s−1, respectively. They are excellent agreement with the isothermal analysis results, 336 kJ/mol and 1.8×1013 s−1, respectively. In contrast, both the Kissinger equation and the Ozawa equation give much higher values of E and ν.
Transient Simulations of 3-D Supersonic Micronozzle Flow

A numerical investigation of transient performance of 3 D linear micronozzles has been performed. The baseline model for the study is derived from the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center MEMS-based hydrogen peroxide micro-thruster prototype. The 3 D micronozzles investigated here have depths of 25 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, and 150 μm and employ expanders with a 30° half-angle. A hyperbolic-tangent actuation profile is used to model the opening of a microvalve in order to simulate start-up of the thruster. The inlet stagnation pressure when the valve is fully opened is 250 kPa and generates a maximum throat Reynolds number of Remax ∼ 800 . The complete actuation occurs over 0.55 ms and is followed by 0.25 ms of steady-state operation. The propulsion scheme employs 85 % pure hydrogen peroxide as a monopropellant. Simulation results have been analyzed and thrust production as a function of time has been quantified along with the total impulse delivered. Micronozzle impulse efficiency has also been determined based on a theoretical maximum impulse achieved by a quasi-1 D inviscid flow responding instantaneously to the actuation profile. It is found that both the flow and thrust exhibit a response ‘lag’ to the time-varying inlet pressure profile. Simulations are compared to previous 2 D results and indicate that thrust per unit nozzle depth, impulse, and efficiency increase with nozzle depth and approach the 2 D results for nozzle depths greater than 150 μm.© 2010 ASME
Tetracaine attenuates irritancy without attenuating desensitization produced by intravesical resiniferatoxin in the rat

The irritancy of initial application of capsaicin and related substances limits their therapeutic potential as novel analgesics. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the irritant properties of the potent, capsaicin-like compound resiniferatoxin (RTX) would be attenuated by pretreatment with a local anesthetic and to determine whether the local anesthetic had significant effects on RTX-induced desensitization of sensory afferents. A model of visceral nociception in which irritants are instilled directly into the bladder (intravesical, i.ves.) of awake, freely moving rats was used. The nociceptive response, abdominal licking (grooming) was scored for 15 min; locomotor activity was scored concurrently. Tetracaine (0.125-1.0%) attenuated the increases in abdominal licking produced by RTX (3.0 nmol) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. At high doses, tetracaine also suppressed locomotor activity. Thirty minutes and 24 h later, the same dose of RTX was administered again to assess development of desensitization of bladder sensory afferents. Rats that had been pretreated with saline showed decreases in licking behavior from the first to subsequent injections of RTX, indicating the development of desensitization. Tetracaine-pretreated rats showed equivalent or significantly greater decreases in licking behavior, suggesting that local anesthetic pretreatment either did not alter or enhanced development of desensitization to RTX. In a second experiment, tetracaine (0.25 or 0.5%) produced similar effects against a high dose of RTX (3.0 nmol), but did not consistently alter excitatory or desensitizing effects of a low dose of RTX (0.1 nmol).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aggregation, Determinacy, and Informational Efficiency for a Class of Economies with Asymmetric Information☆

Abstract We identify and analyze a class of economies with asymmetric information that we call quasi-complete. For quasi-complete economies we determine equilibrium trades, show that the set of fully informative equilibria is a singleton, and give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of partially informative equilibria. Besides unifying some familiar settings, such as those of Grossman (1976) and Milgrom and Stokey (1982), the following new results are proved: (a) The same restrictions that deliver Gorman aggregation under symmetric information are sufficient for Gorman aggregation under asymmetric information, even under partially informative prices; (b) the traditional assumptions of quadratic utilities and endowment spanning that result in the CAPM under symmetric information deliver a conditional CAPM under asymmetric information with prices that need not be fully informative; (c) the linear equilibrium in Grossman's (1976) model is the only equilibrium (linear or not), while minor changes in the normality assumptions result in indeterminacy and partially informative equilibria; and (d) if there is no aggregate endowment risk, asymmetrically informed agents with common priors sell the risky part of their endowment in every equilibrium. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D82; G14; C62.
Electrolyses of organic compounds with microelectrodes with renewable surfaces: Comparison of dropping mercury and mercury pool electrodes

Abstract Controlled potential electrolysis with a dropping mercury electrode (DME), which is a microelectrode with a periodically renewed surface, is usually carried out in small volumes (0.5–1.0 ml) of diluted solutions (10 −3 –10 −4 M ). Such electrolysis can be used for identification of products and determination of their yields in the elucidation of mechanisms of polarographic reduction of organic compounds. Controlled potential electrolysis with a mercury pool electrode, which is a large-scale electrode with a surface that is not renewed, is usually used in coulometry and preparative electrolysis of larger volumes (10–100 ml) of more concentrated (10 −2 –10 −3 M ) solutions, when the goal is preparation of a larger amount of electrolysis product. Identification of products and determination of yields when the DME is used involves microchemical techniques. Frequently, information obtained by the DME and Hg pool electrolysis is similar. In some instances the nature of products formed, the number of electrons transferred, and the shape of current-voltage curves obtained by the micro- and macroelectrodes differ. Such differences can involve a number of waves, their potentials, the ratio of wave heights, and shapes of the waves. These dissimilarities can be caused by differences in time scale, reaction conditions, adsorption and other interactions at the electrode surface, concentration, and pH control. Concentration changes of starting material, intermediates, and products in the course of electrolysis can be followed spectrophotometrically or using polarographic current-voltage curves. Time dependence of current-voltage curves in the course of electrolysis can indicate the role of chemical reactions accompanying the electrolysis. Comparison of current-voltage curves and the nature of electrolysis products obtained with micro- and macroelectrodes can contribute to a better understanding of electrode processes and to development of better analytical methods.
Predicting adolescent cognitive and self-regulatory competencies from preschool delay of gratification: Identifying diagnostic conditions.

Variations of the self-imposed delay-of-gratification situation in preschool were compared to determine when individual differences in this situation may predict aspects of cognitive and self-regulatory competence and coping in adolescence.
Gene Ontology and the annotation of pathogen genomes: the case of Candida albicans

The Gene Ontology (GO) is a structured controlled vocabulary developed to describe the roles and locations of gene products in a consistent manner and in a way that can be shared across organisms. The unicellular fungus Candida albicans is similar in many ways to the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae but, as both a commensal and a pathogen of humans, differs greatly in its lifestyle. With an expanding at-risk population of immunosuppressed patients, increased use of invasive medical procedures, the increasing prevalence of drug resistance and the emergence of additional Candida species as serious pathogens, it has never been more crucial to improve our understanding of Candida biology to guide the development of better treatments. In this brief review, we examine the importance of GO in the annotation of C. albicans gene products, with a focus on those involved in pathogenesis. We also discuss how sequence information combined with GO facilitates the transfer of knowledge across related species and the challenges and opportunities that such an approach presents.
Remote infrared heterodyne radiometer measurements of atmospheric ammonia profiles

An infrared heterodyne radiometer has been used to study the seasonal variation of the vertical distribution of atmospheric ammonia. The ammonia profiles are inferred from high-resolution atmospheric solar transmittance measurements around the ammonia absorption feature at 927.32323 kaysers. The transmittance data are obtained from six IF channels with spectral resolutions ranging from .0067 to .033 kaysers. Results from this study show a marked decrease in the tropospheric ammonia level with a decrease at ground level from approximately 10 ppb in March 1979 to 1.3 ppb in August 1979.
Membrane lipid changes in laminectomized and traumatized cat spinal cord

Free fatty acid (FFA), diacylglycerol (acyl2Gro), icosanoid, phospholipid, and cholesterol levels were measured in samples of cat spinal cord (L2) that were frozen in situ with vertebrae intact, at various times after laminectomy, and at various times after laminectomy with compression trauma to the spinal cord. Tissue samples either were grossly dissected into gray and white portions prior to FFA and acyl2Gro analysis or were used whole for the other lipid types. Gray matter total FFA and acyl2Gro values were abnormally high in samples frozen with vertebrae intact and in those frozen 10 min after laminectomy. This indicates that the surgical procedures resulted in some perturbation of spinal cord lipid metabolism. If the experimental animals were allowed to recover for 90 min after laminectomy, the gray matter FFA and acyl2Gro levels were greatly reduced. Compression of the spinal cord with a 170-g weight for 1, 3, or 5 min (following 90 min of recovery after laminectomy) caused significant elevations of total FFA, acyl2Gro, icosanoids, and phosphatidic acid and significant decreases in ethanolamine plasmalogens and cholesterol. Among the total FFA, arachidonic acid was found to have the largest relative increase. Comparisons of gray and white matter demonstrate that, in general, changes in white matter FFA and acyl2Gro were similar to those seen in gray matter. However, the increases in white matter levels of FFA and acyl2Gro were delayed, occurring after the elevations in gray matter. For some FFA (e.g., arachidonate), the rise in white matter occurred as gray matter levels were decreasing. This suggests that the initial alteration in spinal cord lipid metabolism after trauma was in gray matter but, with time, spread radially into white matter.
Effect of starvation on insulin and glucagon release from isolated islets of Langerhans of the rat

Abstract Isolated islets of Langerhans of the rat were used to study the effect of starvation on pancreatic insulin and glucagon release. The collagenase method was used to isolate islets from fed and 3-day fasted rats and the hormone release during incubation in various glucose concentrations was compared. After starvation the release of both immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) was impaired. Starvation also resulted in decreased circulating IRI and glucose levels but circulating IRG levels were not changed. The total extractable IRI and IRG content of the pancreas was not affected by starvation.
The m-step, same-step, and any-step competition graphs

The competition graph and its generalizations have interested graph theorists for over 30 years. Recently, Cho, Kim, and Nam introduced the m-step competition graph and computed the 2-step competition numbers of paths and cycles. We extend their results in a partial determination of the m-step competition numbers of paths and cycles. In addition, we introduce two new variants of competition graphs: same-step and any-step. We classify same-step and any-step competition graphs and investigate their related competition numbers.
Exposing solvent's roles in electron transfer reactions: Tunneling pathway and solvation

We describe studies of electron transfer in donor−spacer−acceptor molecules for which the highly curved spacer topology imparts a vacant cleft along the “line-of-sight” between the electron donor and electron acceptor moieties. The electron transfer kinetics in nondipolar and weakly polar solvents allow experimental determination of the reaction free energy as a function of solvent structure and temperature. These data were used to parametrize a molecular solvation model developed by Matyushov. The model provides reasonable estimates of reaction free energy in solvents that are too polar for its direct measurement and provides reasonable values of the solvent reorganization energy in all solvents. Successful modeling of the solvation enables quantitative study of the factors that control electron tunneling through molecules located in the solute's cleft, i.e., the electronic coupling. Electron tunneling in these systems is mediated by the unoccupied orbitals of the solvent (“electron-mediated superexchang...
Silver Nanowire Cluster Photonic Crystal Exhibits Negative Permeability

We present a new metamaterial architecture based on silver nanowire clusters. The cluster supports localized magnetic Mie resonance and the cluster photonic crystal may exhibit negative permeability at optical frequencies.
Reversed direct-stress testing of ice: Initial experimental results and analysis

Abstract This paper focusses on the analysis and discussion of the results of a series of reversed direct-stress experiments performed on freshwater ice. A companion paper (Cole and Gould, this issue) describes the apparatus developed for these experiments. The experimental technique provides a means to subject cylindrical ice specimens to fully reversed (i.e., alternating tension/compression) uniaxial loading, thereby permitting the study of cyclic-loading effects under a uniform stress field. The topics include frequency, temperature and strain-amplitude effects on internal friction; cyclic loading-history effects on tensile strength, grain-size effects on cyclic stress-strain behavior and the Bauschinger effect. The observations are discussed in terms of the mechanisms underlying the behavior, with particular attention to dislocation processes. The observations indicate the operation of the dislocation breakaway process and the Granato-Lucke theory models the associated amplitude-dependent internal friction results extremely well.
S-Matrix Poles Close to Threshold

Two-channel processes are studied to determine whether sizeable peaks can be produced in elastic scattering for one of the channels by threshold effects arising from the second channel (taken to be in an $S$-wave state). The problem is first examined by means of a simple model whose analytic properties can easily be deduced. It is found that, when all the particles are stable, large cusps occur if there is a pole of the $S$ matrix on an unphysical sheet in the vicinity of the inelastic threshold. The cusps become "woolly" when one of the particles in the second channel is allowed to be unstable. Similar results are obtained in a calculation using an $N{D}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ formulation. These $S$-matrix poles correspond to virtual states of the particles in the inelastic channel, their positions on the unphysical sheets depending on the force of interaction between the particles. It is further suggested that some of the peaks observed in experiment may be of this type, having their origins in inelastic thresholds rather than direct particle resonances. In particular, the ${{Y}_{0}}^{*}$ at 1815 MeV and the ${K}_{1}{K}_{1}$ peak near threshold may be manifestations of this.
Standing Frames and Standing Wheelchairs: Implications for Standing

Standing frames and standing wheelchairs serve a specific function, allowing the person with a spinal cord injury to stand and perform functional activities. These orthotic devices support the paralyzed lower extremities and trunk to allow hand-free standing. This article will review the literature relevant to effects of passive standing on the person with a spinal cord injury.
Excited-state acid-base chemistry: evidence for a dissociative excited state.

Excitation (410 nm) of the bimetallic [(bpy) 2 Ru(CN)(μ-CN)Rh(NH 3 ) 4 -Br] 2 + produces the MLCT state localized on the (bpy) 2 Ru(CN) 2 ligand. Photoinduced cleavage of the bimetallic occurs in the presence of [H + ], and the dependence yields a K a equivalent to that for ground-state cis-(bpy) 2 Ru(CN) 2 implying separation of the bimetallic prior to relaxation. The pH dependence and the emissivity of a bimetallic composed of components that individually quench at a diffusion controlled rate suggest that rupture of the RuCN-Rh bond is due to the reduction in electron density at the cyano ligand that occurs on population of the MLCT state. Unlike known photoinduced metal ligand dissociations, where the excitation energy is consumed in the dissociation, the dissociated "(bpy) 2 Ru-(CN) 2 ligand" remains excited.
Sources of Administrative Behavior: Some Soviet and Western European Comparisons.

It is hardly surprising that most investigations of Soviet bureaucracy have emphasized the unique aspects of that system rather than its relation to broader problems of administration. Yet the importance of Soviet experience makes a beginning in comparative analysis highly desirable. The purpose of this article is to identify some (by no means all) of the ways in which Soviet administrative behavior resembles or differs from administrative behavior in Western Europe, which is assumed here to be the norm of administration in a politically and economically modernized society. Where Soviet and Western European administrative behavior coincide, it is assumed that the behavior arises from requirements of the economically modernized societies which prevail in both the USSR and Western Europe at present . Where administrative behavior differs in the two areas, tentative explanations are sought in (1) the circumstance that the Soviet economy has become modernized more recently and more rapidly than the economy in Western Europe; and (2) the difference between the Communist political system and the pluralistic systems prevailing in Western Europe.
Northern Imbrium Noritic Anomaly

[1] An analysis of the Northern Imbrium Noritic (NIN) region was conducted using Clementine UVVIS multispectral images and derived band parameters. Band parameters were used to map spatial variations in composition and to aid in general separation of compositional signatures from effects such as maturity and topography. Compositional trends in which the abundance of mafic materials relative to feldspathic materials increased were observed with depth in large craters, with distance to the west, and with distance from the center of the Imbrium basin. On average, the region appears to have an anomalously mafic surface composition, with a noritic upper unit overlying and grading into a more feldspathic layer that is exposed in the central peak of the largest crater in the region. Of several hypotheses that could explain these results, we favor a scenario in which feldspathic crustal materials underlie moderately mafic South Pole-Aitken antipodal ejecta, which is covered by and mixed with mafic Imbrium ejecta. Limitations of the Clementine UVVIS data preclude quantitative evaluation of these hypotheses, but compositional information from new high-resolution data sets should allow the direct comparisons needed to test these hypotheses.
Inhibitors of cerebral protein synthesis: Dissociation of aversive and amnesic effects

It has been reported that cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, produces conditioned aversion. This finding raised the possibility that the amnesic effect of this drug could be due to its aversive effects rather than to inhibition of cerebral protein synthesis required for the formation of long-term memory. The present study indicates that (1) amnesic doses of cycloheximide and anisomycin, two protein synthesis inhibitors, produced conditioned gustatory aversion; (2) lithium chloride produced as much conditioned aversion as an amnesic dose of anisomycin and more aversion than cycloheximide, but did not affect memory. Therefore the aversive effect of protein synthesis inhibitors, as measured by the conditioned gustatory aversion test, is not sufficient to explain their amnesic effect.
Poor outcomes of elderly patients undergoing multimodality intra-arterial therapy for acute ischemic stroke

Abstract Objective The incidence of acute ischemic stroke is highest in the elderly. Information regarding outcomes of elderly patients undergoing different modalities of intra-arterial therapy (IAT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is scarce and conflicting. This study compares the safety, technical efficacy and outcomes of elderly patients (≥80 years) to non-elderly patients ( Methods From a registry of consecutive patients treated with IAT for AIS at our institution over a 3.5-year period, patients with anterior circulation occlusions aged ≥80 years were compared to the patients Results Between 2008 and 2012, 24 patients ≥80 years (elderly) and 95 patients p = p =0.003). Between the 2 groups, there was no difference in NIHSS score (17.2 vs. 16.3, p =0.17), THRIVE score (4.21 vs. 4.39, p =0.633), recanalization rate (70.1% vs. 85.3%, p =0.13), or severe reperfusion hemorrhages (8.3% vs. 4.2%, p =0.425). There was no significant difference in 3-month mortality (33.3% vs. 16.8%, p =0.28); however, fewer elderly patients reached good 3-month outcome (0% vs. 40.0%, p = p =0.04) and higher 3-month mRS (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1–2.40; p =0.008) were independently associated with elderly age. Conclusion Despite similar safety profiles and recanalization rates, elderly patients had poor functional outcomes after IAT. Intra-arterial therapy in the elderly should be pursued very cautiously only after careful analysis of the risks and benefits for each patient.
Dense clumps of ionized gas near Pi Scorpii, as revealed by the fine-structure excitation of N II

The column density and the emission of the ionized gas along the line of sight toward the B1 V + B2 V binary star Pi Sco are measured on the basis of the fine-structure absorption lines of the ground state N II. It is found that the bulk of this ionized gas must be clumped on a length scale of 0.025 pc, which is far smaller than the observed size of the diffuse H II region surrounding Pi Sco of about 6 pc. The observed column density of S III toward Pi Sco yields an upper limit on the distance of the absorbing, clumped gas from the star of less than about 0.02 pc, assuming that both the N II and S III absorption arise from the same gas. The possibility that the ionized gas originates from a photoevaporating circumstellar disk directly surrounding Pi Sco is excluded, since such a disk would have an unusual size of order 0.025 pc and would have had to survive for the estimated age of Pi Sco of 5-8 Myr. The derived mean density of the clumped gas is of order 40/cu cm, so that the gas is at a pressure that far exceeds the mean pressure in the H II region. It is concluded that the ionized gas could originate from evaporation flows off a cluster of compact neutral objects that evaporate due to the ionizing radiation of Pi Sco.
Observation of redox-induced electron transfer and spin crossover for dinuclear cobalt and iron complexes with the 2,5-di-tert-butyl-3,6-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinonate bridging ligand.

Dinuclear [(TPyA)MII(DBQ2−)MII(TPyA)](BF4)2 [TPyA = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine; DBQ2− = 2,5-di-tert-butyl-3,6-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinonate; M = Co (12+), Fe (22+), Ni (32+)] complexes have been pre...
A REVIEW OF CURRENT AQUIFER THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE PROJECTS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the current aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) projects in their various stages of progress. They are somewhat arbitrarily grouped into three categories: (1) field experiments; (2) theoretical and modeling studies; and (3) feasibility studies. All the current field experiment projects are relatively small-scale with storage temperatures not more than 55°C and not lower than 8°C. Most of these aimed at pressure and temperature data for the general understanding of heat and fluid flow in the aquifer and for the validation of numerical models. There is a need both to extend the storage temperature range and to look more carefully at other facets of the ATES concept, such as effects of regional flow, land uplift or subsidence, water treatment, and the economics of the operation. Moreover, a substantial amount of modeling work is being done or has been initiated; however, there is much need to have these models properly validated and then carefully applied to understand the processes underlying the ATES concept, thus leading to an optimal field arrangement. The chapter also discusses the key problems that need to be solved in the field of ATES. These key problems are proposed as areas where the efforts should be directed to make ATES a technically feasible and economically viable means of energy storage.
The biogeochemistry of aluminum in the Pacific Ocean

Abstract Vertical distributions and horizontal surface transects of dissolved and particulate Al at several locations in the Pacific Ocean are presented here. Concentrations of dissolved Al in the Pacific range from 0.3 to 5 nmol/kg in the surface waters, from 0.1 to 1 nmol/kg in mid-depths, and from 0.5 to 2 nmol/kg in the deep waters. From these data and published data from other regions, it is evident that Al has a unique oceanic chemistry relative to that of other metals. External sources and rapid particle scavenging throughout the water column are the major controls on dissolved Al distributions in the oceans. Vertical profiles generally exhibit a surface maximum, a mid-depth minimum, and increasing concentrations toward the sediment-water interface. This suggests two sources of dissolved Al, one to the surface waters and one to the deep waters. Concentrations of dissolved Al in surface waters are lowest within the eutrophic, low-salinity California Current (0.3–1 nmol/kg) and increase westwardly into the subtropical gyre of the North Pacific (∼ 5 nmol/kg). Values in the South Pacific gyre are fivefold lower. These horizontal trends indicate that the primary source of dissolved Al to the surface waters of the central Pacific is from eolian input. Dissolved Al supplied by rivers to the eastern North Pacific appears to be rapidly scavenged in estuaries and/or the highly productive coastal region. The source of dissolved Al to the deep waters is not known, but could be due to a flux out of the sediments or a remineralization process. Suspended particulate Al concentrations increase with depth at all stations and decrease with distance from the ocean boundary. Surface values range from ∼ 1.5 nmol/kg near shore to ∼ 0.3 nmol/kg in the central gyres of the Pacific. Deep water concentrations range from ∼ 22 nmol/kg near shore to ∼ 4 nmol/kg in the North Pacific central gyre, and decrease to ∼ 1.3 nmol/kg in the South Pacific central gyre. Observed distributions indicate that suspended particulate Al varies with the intensity of bottom sediment resuspension and the horizontal mixing of the resulting “nepheloid layer” out from ocean boundary regions. Particle residence times estimated are consistent with other reported values.
Subcellular mechanisms of plant response to low water potential

Abstract Understanding the metabolic basis of the resistance of plants to limited water may hasten the development of superior techniques for increasing crop yields. Three promising areas where understanding has recently advanced are osmotic adjustment, photosynthesis, and tolerance to severe desiccation. Osmotic adjustment, i.e., large change in cell solute content, occurs in response to soil water availability and permits plants to maintain growth on limited soil water when growth otherwise would not occur. Grain yields are enhanced in wheat genotypes having superior osmotic adjustment as soils become dry. Osmotic adjustment is controlled by nonsimultaneous changes in the rate of solute uptake and the rate of solute use by cells in response to limited water availability. Photosynthesis is generally inhibited by losses in activity of leaves as well as by losses in viable leaf surface as the availability of soil water decreases. These losses are caused by stomatal closure, decreased chloroplast activity, and factors controlling the persistence of viable leaves. Each of these factors appear to be under metabolic control: stomatal aperture is determined by solute retention by the guard cells; chloroplast activity is altered by concentrations of regulatory ions in the cells; and viable leaf area is controlled by metabolic factors accelerating the normal senescence of the leaves. By contrast, the translocation of photosynthetic products is less sensitive than photosynthesis to limited water supply, which has the effect of maintaining yield by mobilizing stored reserves. The loss of viable leaves contributes only a small amount to this mobilization, and selection against accelerated senescence is probably desireable. Tolerance to severe desiccation can occur in nonsenescing leaves of some native species but not in many crops. The tolerance appears to be associated with the persistence of the nucleus in the leaf cells, because considerable degradation and loss of integrity occurs in all other cell structures. Mechanisms may exist that preserve nuclear integrity when cells are severely desiccated.
Covering wounds with cultured keratinocytes.

One of the marvels of mammalian integument is the ability for wounds to heal. Unfortunately, the time from the onset of the wound until the time of healing may be prolonged and fraught with complications, morbidity, and even death. Disruption of the cutaneous barrier allows the possibility of water and electrolyte aberrations, infection, metabolic disturbances, and immune suppression in addition to short- and long-term pain. In recent years, a number of investigators have sought to develop a therapeutic approach to improving wound closure by using keratinocyte sheets generated from tissue culture. Keratinocytes in culture have the unique ability to proliferate rapidly and to stratify into an epidermal sheet that can be released from the Petri dishes, handled manually, and placed on wound beds. A functional tissue can thereby be generated from a limited number of cells in culture. Culture-derived tissue is useful for covering wounds because a small 5- to
Altered Ribosomal Protein in Streptomycin-Dependent Escherichia coli

We have compared the 30S ribosomal proteins of strains of Escherichia coli sensitive to and dependent on streptomycin and identified a single protein that is functionally altered in the ribosomes dependent on streptomycin. This protein (30S-15) is the same protein that is functionally altered in ribosomes resistant to streptomycin.
Nuclear Relaxation via Quadrupole Coupling

Expressions are derived showing the temperature dependence of the quadrupolar nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time and the angular dependence of the nuclear spinlattice relaxation time as the orientation of the crystal is varied with respect to the magnetic field. The nuclear spin relaxation time is expressed tn terms of the predicted transition probabilities. Spin relaxation time measurements on In/sup 115/ in InSb single crystals at 77 deg K gave an isotropic relaxation time of 0.80 plus or minus 0.05 sec. Temperature dependence measurements of I/sup 127/in KI at 77 to 800 deg K are reported. A discussion of theoretical and experimental results is given. (C.J.G.)
Increased AKT or MEK1/2 activity influences progesterone receptor levels and localization in endometriosis

Context: Endometriosis is characterized by progesterone resistance and hyperactivity of the AKT and MAPK pathways. Kinases can cause posttranslational modifications of the progesterone receptor (PR) to influence cellular localization and protein stability. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether the increased AKT or MAPK kinase-1/2 (MEK1/2) activity observed in endometriotic stromal cells (OSIS) from ovarian endometriomas influences levels of PR protein. In turn, the effects of inhibiting AKT or MEK1/2 in the presence of the progestin R5020 on cell viability were investigated. Results: Inhibiting AKT with MK-2206 or MEK1/2 with U0126 for 24 hours in the absence of R5020 increased total and nuclear PRA and PRB protein levels in OSIS but not in eutopic endometrial stromal cells from disease-free patients from disease-free patients. MK-2206 and R5020 decreased OSIS viability and increased apoptosis. Trends toward decreased volumes of sc grafted endometriosis tissues were demonstrated ...
Beneficial effect of trimebutine and N-monodesmethyl trimebutine on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats

Abstract The use of local anesthetics, such as lidocaine, has been proposed in the treatment of distal ulcerative colitis. Trimebutine maleate (TMB) displays a local anesthetic activity higher than that of lidocaine in rabbit corneal reflex. TMB and nor-TMB its main metabolite in human show similar affinity to that of bupivacaine toward sodium channel labeled by [ 3 H]batrachotoxin and block sodium currents in sensory neurons from rat dorsal root ganglia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TMB and nor-TMB in comparison to lidocaine and bupivacaine in a rat model of acute colonic inflammation induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). A single intracolonic instillation of TNBS (50 mg/kg dissolved in ethanol 30%) led to early plasma extravasation then macroscopic damage (hyperemia and necrosis), increased colonic weight and tissular MPO, a marker of neutrophilic infiltration. Local administration of TMB at dose of 3 to 60 mg/kg, 30 min before, 24 and 48h after colitis induction, significantly reduced the severity of colitis. Nor-TMB (1, 3, 10, 30 mg/kg) as well as lidocaine (1, 3, 10 mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced colitis while bupivacaine at 10 mg/kg did not affect it significantly. In contrast systemic administration of TMB, nor-TMB and lidocaine at 10 mg/kg had no significant effect. Furthermore, local administration of TMB (30 mg/kg) and lidocaine (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced plasmatic extravasation. In conclusion, intracolonic treatment with TMB and nor-TMB improved acute experimental TNBS-induced colitis in rat and these effects could be explained by their local anesthetic activity.
Accomplishing the Difficult but Not Impossible: Collecting Self-Report Data on Inmate-on-Inmate Sexual Assault in Prison

The Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) increases opportunities for scholars to conduct research in carceral settings to determine the prevalence and contours of sexual assault. However, researchers face many challenges, including working cooperatively with state agencies while maintaining independence; gaining access to prisons and prisoners; securing necessary institutional approvals; and collecting generalizable data on a highly sensitive topic, sexual assault in prisons. This article reports our responses to these challenges in a study of inmate-on-inmate sexual assault in California. We describe our research procedures and provide an assessment of interviewer effects and threats to the generalizability of our sample. Our experience should be instructive to other researchers undertaking similar efforts at a moment in time in which others have rightfully decried the decline of in-prison research.
Inhibition of various bacterial growths on paper towels through the use of selenium nanoparticles

Bacterial infections are commonly found on paper towels and other paper products leading to the potential spread of bacteria and consequent health concerns. The objective of this in vitro study was to introduce antibacterial properties to paper towel surfaces by coating them with selenium nanoparticles. Results showed that the selenium nanoparticle coated paper towels inhibited the growth of Staphyloccocus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by 80%~90% after 72 hours compared with the uncoated paper towels. Thus, the study showed that nano-selenium coated paper towels may lead to an increased eradication of bacteria to more effectively clean a wide-range of clinical environments, thus, improving health.
Activation of B‐Raf kinase requires phosphorylation of the conserved residues Thr598 and Ser601

The Raf kinase family serves as a central intermediate to relay signals from Ras to ERK. The precise molecular mechanism for Raf activation is still not fully understood. Here we report that phosphorylation of Thr598 and Ser601, which lie between kinase subdomains VII and VIII, is essential for B-Raf activation by Ras. Substitution of these residues by alanine (B-RafAA) abolished Ras-induced B-Raf activation without altering the association of B-Raf with other signaling proteins. Phosphopeptide mapping and immunoblotting with phospho-specific antibodies confirmed that Thr598 and Ser601 are in vivo phosphorylation sites induced by Ras. Furthermore, replacement of these two sites by acidic residues (B-RafED) renders B-Raf constitutively active. Con sistent with these data, B-RafAA and B-RafED exhibited diminished and enhanced ability, respectively, to stimulate ERK activation and Elk-dependent transcription. Moreover, functional studies revealed that B-RafED was able to promote NIH 3T3 cell transformation and PC12 cell differentiation. Since Thr598 and Ser601 are conserved in all Raf family members from Caenorhabditis elegans to mammals, we propose that phosphorylation of these two residues may be a general mechanism for Raf activation.
Sustainable Collections: The Pay-Per-View Model

Elizabeth L. Lorbeer, Associate Director for Content Management, and Nicole Mitchell, Reference Librarian, both of the Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, delivered a presentation at the Mid-South eResource Symposium, hosted by Mississippi State University Libraries, August 11, 2011. Lorbeer and Mitchell described how a team at Lister Hill Library developed a plan that involved Pay-Per-View (PPV) article acquisitions to reduce journal spending. They discussed the planning, implementation, and workflow of the PPV model.
Covalently-Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Probe Tips for Chemical Force Microscopy

Herein, we report the first covalent modification of singlewalled carbon nanotubes 1 (SWNTs) to create high-resolution, chemically sensitive probe microscopy tips. Carboxylic acid groups at the open ends of SWNTs were coupled to amines to create additional probes with basic or hydrophobic functionality. Force titrations recorded between the ends of the SWNT tips and hydroxy-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) confirmed the chemical sensitivity and robustness of these SWNT tips. In addition, images recorded on patterned SAM and partial bilayer surfaces have demonstrated chemically sensitive imaging with nanometer-scale resolution. These studies show that well-defined covalent chemistry can be exploited to create functionalized SWNT probes that have the potential for true molecular-resolution, chemically sensitive imaging. Recent atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies of amyloid fibrils showed 2 that multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT)3 tips and especially SWNT tips provide significantly better lateral resolution compared with commercial Si and Si3N4 AFM tips. Indeed, the ca. 0.5-nm radii of individual SWNTs indicate that such tips could enable true molecular-resolution imaging. 2 Sharp tips offer advantages for structural imaging but do not necessarily provide information about the functionality central to binding and reactivity in chemical and biological systems. Such chemical information can be obtained by using functionalized probes in chemical force microscopy (CFM). In the past, we 4-6 and others 7,8 have used SAMs to functionalize conventional tips and have used CFM to measure intermolecular forces and map chemical functionality. We have also recently shown that the ends of MWNT tips can be covalently modified to present chemically and biologically active functionality. 6 However, covalent functionalization of the ends of SWNTs, which offer the highest spatial resolution possible in force microscopy, has not been demonstrated
Terahertz radiation from antenna-coupled Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Broadband Terahertz radiation has been generated from electrically driven, antenna and Si lens coupled Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs). The terahertz beam is diffraction limited with resonances due to the antenna, and a peak frequency that can be tuned by changing the antenna dimensions.