cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The enduring impact of parents' monitoring, warmth, expectancies, and alcohol use on their children's future binge drinking and arrests: a longitudinal analysis

Binge drinking is associated with many health and financial costs and is linked to risks of legal consequences. As alcohol use typically is initiated during adolescence, the current study assessed the relationship between parental behaviors and strategies in forecasting adolescents’ likelihood of binge drinking and later arrest. Restricted data from waves I–IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used to assess hypotheses. A weighted path analytic model (N = 9421) provided a multifaceted picture of variables linked to later antisocial behavior. Low parental monitoring, low parental warmth, parent alcohol use, and parent expectancies regarding their children’s alcohol use were associated with higher incidence of adolescent binge drinking. In turn, low monitoring, low warmth, parent alcohol use, parent expectancies, and underage consumption were associated with binge drinking in early adulthood. Binge drinking during both adolescence and young adulthood were predictive of respondents’ likelihood of arrest 8–14 years later. Findings demonstrated the substantial, enduring effects of parental behaviors on child alcohol-related actions and have implications for parent-targeted interventions designed to reduce excessive alcohol consumption. They suggest campaigns focus on parenting strategies that involve setting effective and strict alcohol-related rules and guidelines, while maintaining a warm and supportive family environment.
Victim entrepreneurs doing well by doing good: Venture creation and well-being in the aftermath of a resource shock

Abstract Venture creation generates value in a variety of forms both for the entrepreneur him or her-self and the venture's stakeholders. Recent research explores entrepreneurial action as a vehicle for personal transformation and development for the individual, especially as it pertains to overcoming adversity. We build on this emerging literature by exploring victims creating new ventures in the aftermath of a disaster event, where widespread adversity threatens entire communities. Following the disaster, some victim resources are destroyed (e.g., property) while others remain (e.g., human capital) at varying levels. We build on organizational emergence and conservation of resources theories and use structural equation modeling to test a victim entrepreneur model of functioning through the creation of ventures to alleviate others' suffering. We find that venture creation mediates the positive relationship between human capital and functioning and that for those who do not create ventures, human capital is negatively related to functioning—highlighting the important role of venture creation for the victim-actor following a disaster event. Implications of these findings for literature on venture creation and responses to adversity are discussed.
Commentary: Improved patient outcomes remain elusive after intensive imaging surveillance for high-risk melanoma

In this issue, Podlipnik et al 1 present a prospective analysis of the detection capability of imaging studies versus clinical examination after diagnosis and treatment of high-risk melanoma, namely stage IIB, IIC, and III disease. Not surprisingly, intensive imaging, including computed tomography (CT) of the chest/abdomen/pelvis and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed every 6 months for 5 years after melanoma diagnosis, detected a proportion of metastasis that were not evident clinicallyeby either physician or patient examination or via concerning symptomology. Specifically, of 290 consecutive patients who were prospectively followed up for a median of 2.5 years, 114 (39.3%) developed metastasis at a median of 1.4 years, with no statistically significant difference permelanomastage,althoughstageIIIdiseasewasnot furtherstratifiedpercurrentAmericanJointCommittee on Cancer (AJCC) definitions. Imaging tests detected metastasis in 67 (56.7%) recurrences, as opposed to 49 (41.5%) detected initially by clinical examination (patient or provider). Importantly (and as expected), the most common sites of disease relapse were in lymph nodes (LNs) and skin (in-transit metastasis), accounting for nearly 52% of cases. Most (96.6%) cutaneous metastases were clinically detected; LN metastases were detected via CT in 55.5% cases versus clinically in 44%. Distant metastasis, generally in thelungs, liver, brain, and spleen, were usually detected by CTor MRI (83.6% of cases). Regional nodal ultrasound was used to confirm suspicious findings but not for surveillance in the study. Thereislittlequestionthatcross-sectionalimaging can aid in the detection of metastasis in patients at high risk of melanoma. 2 However, whether this
Where Administrative Traditions are Alien: Implications for Reform in Africa

Institutions are not independent of society but are a product of underlying social forces and structures. Knowing where institutions come from, therefore, becomes a necessary first task. Adopting such a position differs from approaches to the study of public administration that focus on technical or managerial issues internal to specific organizations. The technocratic way of approaching public sector reform in Africa has been dominant, leaving a trail of grey literature that continues to be the main source of interpreting public administration in the region. Although there are a few notable exceptions (for example, Adamolekun 1999), most of what is being written on public administration in Africa tends to be prescriptive rather than analytical. It pays no attention to how administrative and political legacies shape choice and behavior. Nor does it consider the conflicts that exist between norms that are indigenous to African societies, those that were introduced by the colonial powers, and the contemporary reform agenda with its inspiration from New Public Management.
Industrialization without Revolution: the French Case

This chapter begins a series of individual country studies of the macroeconomic aspects of the industrial revolution. The broad proposition is that each of the major European economies actually faced roughly similar economic pressures during the period 1700 to 1910, but that economic endowments, population growth and the political style of the individual countries sometimes produced distinctively different responses to the economic pressures unleashed by the industrial revolution. Even so, the parallels are obvious, since not only did Western Europe lead the way toward industrialization, but the nations of the group considered here did so in ways that are actually strikingly similar on the whole. This, in itself, is sufficient to suggest that broad models — macroeconomic models in this case — might produce broadly similar results across countries. After all, the countries considered are almost the complete set of advanced countries at the time of the first industrial revolution and hence were not subject to domination economically, except among themselves.
Capturing students’ abstraction while solving organic reaction mechanism problems across a semester

Students often struggle with solving mechanism problems in organic chemistry courses. They frequently focus on surface features, have difficulty attributing meaning to symbols, and do not recognize tasks that are different from the exact tasks practiced. To be more successful, students need to be able to extract salient features, map similarities to problems seen previously, and extrapolate while solving problems. In short, students must be able to recognize and generate abstractions. To help students in learning to solve problems, we need a better understanding of the nature of students’ capacity for abstraction. Building upon an exploratory study (Sevian H., Bernholt S., Szteinberg G. A., Auguste S. and Perez L. C., (2015), Use of representation mapping to capture abstraction in problem solving in different courses in chemistry, Chem. Educ. Res. Pract., 16(3), 429–446), we applied the representation mapping model of Hahn and Chater (1998a) to characterize the abstraction employed by students while solving mechanistic problems in organic chemistry, and to measure students’ growth in abstraction capacity across a semester. This model operationalizes abstraction by considering (a) the ways in which students match existing knowledge to new instances (abstracting) and (b) the level of abstractness of students’ representations. We describe characteristic indicators of abstracting and abstractness. Trends were observable in the abstraction present in the reasoning of successful and unsuccessful problem solvers. Students who proposed plausible solutions used both strict or partial matching, but students who proposed implausible solutions tended to use strict matching. Students who proposed plausible solutions utilized higher levels of abstractness. This indicates that flexibility in abstraction processes may be important to successfully solve problems. The findings have implications for developing instructors’ assessment practices in ways that build students’ abstraction capacity.
Antibiotic‐dependent perturbations of extended spectrum beta‐lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae proteome

Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) causes life-threatening infections in susceptible and immuno-compromised individuals. Because of the emergence of multidrug resistance and tolerance, it is crucial to better understand the mechanisms by which ESBL-KP can adapt to antibiotic stress. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the global proteome changes occurring in ESBL-KP in response to sub-lethal concentrations of the antibiotics doxycycline (DC, bacteriostatic) and streptomycin (SM, bactericidal), which both impair ribosomal synthesis of bacterial proteins. These results represent the greatest experimental coverage of the ESBL-KP proteome yet described. The 1538 proteins, representing 30% of the 5126 predicted KP gene products were identified from the combined experimental groups. Antibiotic stress resulted in significantly elevated levels of 42 proteins for DC and 55 for SM treatments, whereas 53 proteins were reduced for DC- and six for SM-treated bacteria. Specifically, the ESBL-KP response to DC was accompanied by the reduced levels of the porins LamB, CirA, FepA, and OmpC. In contrast to DC, the stress response to SM demonstrated a dramatic increase in the peroxidase detoxification pathway proteins PutA, KatG, KatE, and Dps, which prevent harmful hydroxyl radical formation. The results from this proteomic study are important for understanding adaptive responses to antibiotics, and may provide novel targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Progress in Vibrating Stylus Near Field Microscopy

In our proposed method of near field optical microscopy, the near field is probed by a vibrating solid stylus and the radiation downstream from the stylus is measured. The underlying idea is that at the sharp stylus tip or edge, evanescent fields are converted into traveling waves which are subsequently detected conventionally. The area of perturbation, i.e. the resolution, is determined by the vibration of the stylus and labeled by the frequency or frequencies of vibration.
A fault tolerant control approach for a quadrotor UAV subject to time varying disturbances and actuator faults

A fault tolerant control approach is proposed in this paper for quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) subject to time varying disturbances and actuator faults. The approach is based on a Super-Twisting (STW) control algorithm and a Higher Order Sliding Mode Observer (HOSMO). The HOSMO generates the exact estimates of the unmeasured states and time varying disturbances without any filtration that cause time delays and errors. A continuous control law that eliminates chattering is derived using the STW controller. Asymptotic stability of the control approach is analyzed using the Lyapunov theory. The controller is implemented on a quadrotor and is tested under nominal conditions, time varying disturbances and faulty scenarios. The results confirm the robustness and chattering free tracking performance of the proposed approach.
Adding a Hydrogen Bond May Not Help: Naphthyridinone vs Quinoline Inhibitors of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor.

Coordination of the ammonium group of Lys32 in the active site of human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) using a 1,7-naphthyridin-8-one instead of a quinoline is investigated. Both gas- and aqueous-phase DFT calculations for model systems indicate potential benefits for the added hydrogen bond with the lactam carbonyl group, while FEP results are neutral. Three crystal structures are reported for complexes of MIF with 3a, 4a, and 4b, which show that the desired hydrogen bond is formed with O–N distances of 2.8–3.0 A. Compound 4b is the most potent new MIF inhibitor with Ki and Kd values of 90 and 94 nM; it also has excellent aqueous solubility, 288 μg/mL. Consistent with the FEP results, the naphthyridinones are found to have similar potency as related quinolines in spite of the additional protein–ligand hydrogen bond.
An adaptive time step control scheme for the transient diffusion equation

Abstract The stability and accuracy of an adaptive time step control scheme are analyzed for the transient diffusion equation. This scheme is based on the commonly-implemented backward difference discretization of the diffusion equation and recommends optimal time steps based on constraints applied to estimates of the local truncation error. Methods are derived for both error estimation and error control, each of which potentially impacts the stability of the scheme and the global accuracy of the solution. Asymptotic stability and convergence of the recommended time steps are investigated theoretically and demonstrated numerically to identify optimal realizations of the method. This adaptive time stepping scheme requires no solution evaluations or operator inversions beyond those already performed in the adaption-free solution and requires no modifications to the numerical solution algorithm. As such, this adaptivity scheme can be easily implemented in virtually any reactor physics simulation code based on a backward difference discretization of transient neutronics.
Select medications that unexpectedly lower HbA1c levels.

What is known and objective A variety of medication classes are available for diabetes; however, treatment options become limited due to adverse effect profiles and cost. Current diabetes guidelines include agents not originally developed for diabetes treatment, bromocriptine and colesevelam. Comment Other non-diabetes medications demonstrating haemoglobin A1c lowering, including agents for weight loss, depression, anaemia and coronary artery disease, are described in this review article. What is new and conclusion More research looking into the impact of non-diabetes medications on blood glucose may offer additional diabetes treatment strategies.
Rhyming reduplication in Russian paired words

This article examines the morphosemantic and phonological structure of Russian rhyming paired words such as gogol j -mogol j , plaksa-vaksa, and devocka-pripevocka, building on the research of earlier linguists into this phenomenon. The perspective taken here is that these are echo-words formed by a correspondence relationship that simultaneously produces both rhyme and reduplication. Active linguistic subprocesses used to form rhyming paired words in Russian include fixed segment overwriting and retrieval of the reduplicant from the lexicon instead of simple copying from the base. Five structural types of rhyming paired words are distinguished, and an analysis of the segmental and prosodic nature of base-reduplicant identity in such words follows. The article also notes similarities with echo-formations in other languages, as well as some phonological constraints that have been proposed as producing such echo-formations.
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants—Uses and Functions

Medicinal and aromatic plants contain the chemical constituents first used by humans as medicines for healing, as flavoring agents for food and drink, and as mental stimulants for mystic interactions with super natural gods. These plant materials continue to play positive roles in human life, as sources of modern pharmaceuticals to treat medical problems, as herbs and spices to tempt the palate, and in a multitude of other applications. Demand and trade for these plant materials initiated globalization that spread new ideas, new diseases, and new settlements along with native resentment. This chapter presents a detailed and thorough review of plant metabolites used in modern and conventional medicine and those providing spices and condiments. The taxonomy, biochemistry and extraction are described. Truly it may be said that medicinal and aromatic plants have changed the world and undoubtedly play an important role in the future as they have in the past.
FAES - FAULT ANALYSIS EXPERT SYSTEM

In the development of expert systems, the process of acquiring knowledge from the domain expert and translating it to a form which the expert system can understand, is costly and time consuming. Also, expert systems available for fault isolation, detection and assessment are not fully matured. In this paper we will describe a system that is capable of automating the knowledge acquisition process, translating that knowledge into a fully validated knowledge base, and using this knowledge base for fault detection.
Permanent Supracolloidal Biparticle Assembly Triggered by an Electric Field

The colloidal assembly is a major route to making materials with tailored functionality resulting from the organization of the particles. While much attention has been focused on colloidal crystals with potential photonics applications, permanently bound linear structures are a somewhat overlooked material with a broad range of applications. For example, linear arrays of magnetic nanoparticles can be used as flexible whereas linear chains of polystyrene nanoparticles in polymer solution can cause interesting viscosity anomalies.
Neighborhoods, Rough Sets, and Query Relaxation in Cooperative Answering

We present a mathematical treatment of query relaxation based on the notions of neighborhoods and rough sets. In a relational database management system, for each query term, the user provides the system a list of related terms, called a neighborhood. A relational database management system engine then performs queries using related terms in the neighborhood. A neighborhood in this sense is a binary relation without further axioms. Since the relational database management system engine can not perform transitive closure, the resulting list of relaxed queries is the closure (or upper approximation) in the theory of neighborhood systems. In contrast to relational database management systems, the underlying logic model for first-order deductive database systems provides for transitive closure and therefore guarantees the transitive closure of a neighborhood, the resulting list of which is precisely the upper approximation in rough set theory.
Disparities in Utilization of Social Determinants of Health Referrals Among Children in Immigrant Families

Objective: Children in immigrant families (CIF) are at elevated risk of experiencing adverse social determinants of health (SDH), particularly material hardship, which contribute to disparate health outcomes. Previous studies have found that SDH screening programs integrated into pediatric practices have increased receipt of social service resources. Few studies have examined use of social services in these programs among ethnically-diverse patient populations and associations with caregiver immigrant status or limited English proficiency (LEP). Methods: Caregivers of children (<18 years) were routinely screened in a practice-based, SDH screening program offering referral, assisted navigation and follow-up support. Information on caregiver race/ethnicity, US nativity, citizenship status and self-reported English proficiency was collected. Associations with utilization of referral resources at 12 weeks were measured using Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests. Results: Of 148 caregivers, most were mothers (83.2%) and non-White (91.9%). Over half were born outside of the U.S (59.7%) and one-third were LEP (33.6%). Approximately one-third (30.9%) successfully utilized program-provided resources at 12-week follow-up. LEP caregivers and undocumented caregivers were more likely to be lost-to-follow-up. However, LEP caregivers who remained in the program utilized resources more than English-proficient caregivers (38.4 vs. 18.4%, p = 0.031). Similarly, significantly more non-citizen caregivers utilized referrals compared to US citizens (37.4 vs. 23.1 vs. 0.0%, p = 0.043). Conclusions: Families with non-US citizen or LEP caregivers were at highest risk of being lost-to-follow-up, but if engaged, were more likely to utilize resources. These findings indicate the need for larger studies to determine how to prevent loss-to-follow-up among immigrant and LEP caregivers participating in SDH screening programs.
Exploring genetic modifiers of Gaucher disease: The next horizon

Gaucher disease is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder resulting from mutations in the gene GBA1 that lead to a deficiency in the enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Accumulation of the enzyme's substrates, glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine, results in symptoms ranging from skeletal and visceral involvement to neurological manifestations. Nonetheless, there is significant variability in clinical presentations amongst patients, with limited correlation between genotype and phenotype. Contributing to this clinical variation are genetic modifiers that influence the phenotypic outcome of the disorder. In this review, we explore the role of genetic modifiers in Mendelian disorders and describe methods to facilitate their discovery. In addition, we provide examples of candidate modifiers of Gaucher disease, explore their relevance in the development of potential therapeutics, and discuss the impact of GBA1 and modifying mutations on other more common diseases like Parkinson disease. Identifying these important modulators of Gaucher phenotype may ultimately unravel the complex relationship between genotype and phenotype and lead to improved counseling and treatments.
Large-Scale Hierarchical Classification with Feature Selection

LSHC involves dataset consisting of thousands of classes and millions of training instances with high-dimensional features posing several big data challenges. Feature selection that aims to select the subset of discriminant features is an effective strategy to deal with large-scale problem. It speeds up the training process, reduces the prediction time, and minimizes the memory requirements by compressing the total size of learned model weight vectors. Majority of the studies have also shown feature selection to be competent and successful in improving the classification accuracy by removing irrelevant features. In this chapter, we investigate various filter-based feature selection methods for dimensionality reduction to solve the LSHC problem.
Trauma Systems Therapy for Refugee Children and Families

Trauma Systems Therapy for Refugees (TST-R) is an innovative, trauma-informed multi-tiered approach to mental health prevention and intervention with refugee children and their families. TST-R was developed as an adaptation of Trauma Systems Therapy (TST), which is an organizational and clinical model that focuses on both a child’s dysregulation and the social environmental context that may be contributing to ongoing symptoms in the aftermath of trauma. TST-R adaptations address multiple barriers to care for refugees and their families through innovative mental health service delivery including multi-tiered approaches to community engagement and stigma reduction, embedding of services in the school setting, partnership building, and the integration of cultural brokering throughout all tiers of intervention to provide cultural knowledge, engagement, and attention to the primacy of resettlement stressors. TST-R has been shown to be effective in engaging refugee youth in services and reducing symptoms of PTSD and depression.
Muon capture in nuclei: An ab initio approach based on Green's function Monte Carlo methods

An ab initio Green's function Monte Carlo (GFMC) method is introduced for calculating total rates of muon weak capture in light nuclei with mass number $A\ensuremath{\le}12$. As a first application of the method, we perform a calculation of the rate in $^{3}\mathrm{H}$ and $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ in a dynamical framework based on realistic two- and three-nucleon interactions and realistic nuclear charge-changing weak currents. The currents include one- and two-body terms induced by $\ensuremath{\pi}$- and $\ensuremath{\rho}$-meson exchange, and $N$-to-$\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ excitation, and are constrained to reproduce the empirical value of the Gamow-Teller matrix element in tritium. We investigate the sensitivity of theoretical predictions to current parametrizations of the nucleon axial and induced pseudoscalar form factors as well as to two-body contributions in the weak currents. The large uncertainties in the measured $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ rates obtained from bubble-chamber experiments (carried out over 50 years ago) prevent us from drawing any definite conclusions. No data exist for $^{3}\mathrm{H}$, but results are compared to those of a recent Faddeev calculation as a validation of the present GFMC method.
Intentional Agency Responsibility in the Anglo-American Legal Tradition

The idea of responsibility lies at the heart of the Anglo-American criminal legal system. Perpetrators are deemed responsible for wrongdoing if they can be shown to have intentionally harmed other individuals. While this equating of responsibility with intentional agency has some merits, it suffers from numerous serious defects, including a limited applicability to the whole of human existence, an overly optimistic assumption that we can unfailingly know another person’s intentions, and a tendency to reduce responsibility to accountability.
Getting the Picture: Wide-field Astronomical Photography from Barnard to the Achromatic Schmidt 1888-1992

Le developpement technologique des systemes optiques et notamment de la photographie en champs libre a permis une avancee considerable des observations astronomiques
When Better Becomes Worse.

In 1958, Ford Motor Company brought out a bold new product line called the Edsel. The vehicle was extravagantly marketed as the car of the future in the now long-gone era of the American romance, w...
De novo Design of Selective Membrane‑Active Peptides by Enzymatic Control of Their Conformational Bias on the Cell Surface

Selectively targeting the membrane-perturbing potential of peptides towards a distinct cellular phenotype allows one to target distinct populations of cells. We report the de novo design of a new class of peptide whose ability to perturb cellular membranes is coupled to an enzyme-mediated shift in the folding potential of the peptide into its bioactive conformation. Cells rich in negatively charged surface components that also highly express alkaline phosphatase, for example many cancers, are susceptible to the action of the peptide. The unfolded, inactive peptide is dephosphorylated, shifting its conformational bias towards cell-surface-induced folding to form a facially amphiphilic membrane-active conformer. The fate of the peptide can be further tuned by peptide concentration to affect either lytic or cell-penetrating properties, which are useful for selective drug delivery. This is a new design strategy to afford peptides that are selective in their membrane-perturbing activity.
Identification of flavor modulating compounds that positively impact coffee quality.

Abstract Untargeted LC/MS flavoromic profiling was utilized to identify compounds that positively impact coffee quality. The chemical profiles of eighteen coffee samples and the corresponding Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) cup scores were modeled by orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) analysis with good fit and predictive ability (R2Y > 0.9, Q2 > 0.9). Four highly predictive chemical compounds positively correlated to cup score were subsequently isolated and purified (>90%) by multi-dimensional preparative LC/MS fractionation. Sensory recombination analysis by certified SCA Q-graders (n = 5) confirmed three out of four compounds significantly increased cup score when added to a control coffee (p
General decay of energy for a viscoelastic wave equation with a distributed delay term in the nonlinear internal dambing

In this article, we consider a viscoelastic wave equation of Kirchhoff type in a bounded domain with a distributed delay term present in the nonlinear internal dambing. By introducing a functional energy and suitable Lyapunov functional, under suitable assumptions, we establish a general decay result from which the exponential and polynomial decay are only special cases.
Women, Work, and Patriarchy in the Middle East and North Africa: by Fariba Solati. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Pivot/Springer, 2017.108 pp. plus index, ISBN: 978-3-319-51576-2 (hbk.). US$54.99.

That women’s labor force participation is low in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), especially when compared with other world regions, is well-known and is the subject of many academic and po...
Sequential Extraction of Late Exponentials (SELE): A technique for deconvolving multimodal correlation curves in Dynamic Light Scattering

In techniques such as Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy, and image mining, motion is tracked by the autocorrelation of a signal over logarithmic time scales. For instance the tracking signal in DLS is the scattered light intensity; it remains correlated at time scales where scant changes in the arrangement of the scattering particles occur, but decays exponentially at the time scales of their diffusion. When there are multiple time scales of motion (for instance due to scatterers of different sizes), the correlation curve has more than one exponential fall. Extracting the decay constants or hydrodynamic sizes due to each exponential fall in a multi-species field correlation curve becomes an ill-conditioned mathematical problem. We describe a new algorithm to invert a multi-modal correlation curve by Sequential Extraction of the Late Exponentials (SELE). The idea is that while the inversion of a multi-exponential equation may be ill posed, that of a single exponential is not. So we fit data windows towards to base of the correlation curve to extract the largest contribution species, remove the species contribution from the correlation curve, and repeat the process with the remnant curve. The single exponent can be robustly fitted by least-square minimization with initial guesses generated by an adapted cumutant technique (power-series) that includes stretch coefficients (measure of sample dispersity). The proposed algorithm resolves particle sizes separated by 3X, and is reliable against fluctuations in the correlation curve and to localized regions of suboptimal data. The algorithm can be used to track particle dynamics in solution in multi-species problems such as self-assembly.
Gender Differences in the Use of Engagement and Disengagement Coping Strategies in Patients With Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy.

Objectives To evaluate the relationship between gender and coping strategies in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy in outpatient settings. Sample & setting Women (N = 277) and men (N = 293) were recruited from two comprehensive cancer centers, one Veterans Affairs hospital, and four community-based oncology programs. Methods & variables Coping data were obtained from patients with gastrointestinal (n = 412) or lung (n = 158) cancer through the Brief COPE scale. Results In terms of engagement coping strategies, women reported higher scores for positive reframing, religion, and using instrumental support. Men reported higher scores for humor. In terms of disengagement coping strategies, women reported higher scores for denial, venting, and self-distraction. Men reported higher scores for substance use. Implications for nursing Gender-based stereotypes of emotional expectations may affect how patients express themselves and the ways in which support is offered. Clinicians should be aware of their own preconceived notions about sex and gender and reflect on how these may influence the psychosocial care they provide.
Synthesis of 2-bromo- and 2-phenyl-neo-confused porphyrins

Neo-confused porphyrins (neo-CPs), porphyrin isomers with a 1,3-connected pyrrolic subunit, are aromatic structures with a CNNN coordination core. Previously, examples of neo-CPs with fused benzo units or electron-withdrawing ester substituents have been described. In this paper, two new examples of neo-CPs are reported that lack a fused aromatic unit or an ester moiety, but instead have a bromo or phenyl substituent on the neo-confused ring. Acid-catalyzed condensation of suitably substituted 1,2′-dipyrrylmethane dialdehydes with a 2,2′-dipyrrylmethane, followed by oxidation with aqueous ferric chloride solutions, afforded the neo-CPs in 40–45% yield. These porphyrin analogues had slightly reduced diatropic ring currents and slowly decomposed in solution. The related palladium(II) and nickel(II) complexes proved to be very unstable, even though the diatropicity of the macrocycle was enhanced. This study shows that stabilizing substituents are necessary for investigations into this class of porphyrinoids. Attempts to prepare imidazole versions of neo-CPs were unsuccessful.
The Liability of Poorness: Why the Playing Field is Not Level for Poverty Entrepreneurs

Entrepreneurship is increasingly emphasized as a pathway out of poverty. However, the complex, multi-faceted nature of the poverty experience has important implications for the ability to launch and sustain viable businesses. All entrepreneurs must overcome the liabilities of newness and smallness, as reflected in a lack of legitimacy with stakeholders, inadequate resources and capabilities, an unclear identity, misunderstood roles and unclear role definitions, few established routines and procedures, and little bargaining power. However, poverty entrepreneurs face an additional barrier, which we term the liability of poorness. Four underlying dimensions of the liability of poorness are identified: literacy shortcomings, a scarcity mindset, significant non-business distractions, and the lack of financial slack or a safety net. The manner in which each of these interacting elements exacerbate the entrepreneur's ability to address the liabilities of newness and smallness is explored. It is argued that, as the liability of poorness becomes greater, the vulnerability and fragility of the poverty entrepreneur's venture are apt to increase. Under such circumstances, significant external shocks and unexpected occurrences, such as the economic shutdown resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, typically have a more devastating impact on the ventures of the poor. Policies are needed to level the playing field.
Transforming Yourself into an Online Educator

The number of higher education and K-12 institutions that offer programs and courses online is on the rise, which has led to an increased need for educators equipped with the prerequisite knowledge, skills, and attributes/abilities to effectively teach an online course (Allen & Seaman, 2014, 2015). However, educators are skeptical of online teaching and many are resistant to it altogether (Allen, Seaman, Poulin, Taylor Straut, 2016). As such, it is imperative that educators overcome their skepticism of online teaching by examining their own assumptions and exploring the various roles required of them in the online learning environment. This chapter describes the multiple roles of an online educator under the following four dimensions: 1) pedagogical, 2) social, 3) managerial, and 4) technical (Berge, 1995; Bonk, Kirkley, Hara, & Dennen, 2001), and provides best practices for educators to fulfill each role in the online learning environment.
Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with Worse Outcome in Patients Hospitalized for Asthma.

Background Asthma is a prevalent disease with a high economic cost. More than 50% of its direct cost relates to asthma hospitalizations. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant comorbidity in asthmatic patients, yet its impact on asthma-related hospitalizations is unknown. Objective To compare the outcome of asthma-related hospitalizations in patients with and without DM. Methods Using Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Readmissions Database, we analyzed data of all adults with index admission for asthma and with no other chronic pulmonary conditions, and compared outcomes between patients with and without DM. Weighted regression analysis was used to determine the impact of DM on hospitalization outcomes. All multivariate regression models were adjusted for patient demographics, socioeconomic status, and chronic medical comorbidities. Results A total of 717,200 asthmatic patients were included, with 202,489 (28.3%) having DM. Diabetic patients were older and had more comorbidities. When hospitalized for asthma, diabetic patients had increased hospital length of stay, cost, and risk for 30-day all-cause and asthma-related readmission. They also had a higher risk for developing nonrespiratory complications during their hospital stay compared with nondiabetic patients. The risk of mortality was similar between the 2 groups. Conclusions Patients hospitalized for asthma with coexisting DM had increased hospital length of stay, cost, and risk for readmission. Interventions are urgently needed to reduce the risk for hospital admission and readmission in patients with coexisting DM and asthma. These interventions would have profound economic and societal impact.
The Effects of Virtual Simulation on Undergraduate Nursing Students’ Beliefs about Prognosis and Outcomes for People with Mental Disorders

Abstract Background Virtual simulation as an emerging technology is thought to be most amenable to mental health nursing education. This study aims to evaluate the effects of virtual simulation on undergraduate nursing students’ beliefs about prognosis and long-term outcomes for people with depression and schizophrenia. Methods A prospective cohort design was used in this study. Students’ responses were compared between the simulation cohort (n = 149) and the nonsimulation cohort (n = 150) at a school of nursing in the United States. Results Nursing students developed a greater insight into the prognosis of people with depression after receiving virtual simulation. Furthermore, virtual simulation increased nursing students’ optimistic beliefs about the long-term outcomes for people with depression and decreased their pessimistic beliefs about the long-term outcomes for people with schizophrenia. Conclusions Virtual simulation can be used as an effective experiential learning tool to foster undergraduate nursing students’ positive beliefs about and attitudes toward mental illness.
PACT CAM: Wearable Sensor System to Capture the Details of Cigarette Smoking in Free-Living

Recently, body-worn sensor systems have extensively been studied to assess the manifestations of cigarette smoking in the free-living. This paper provides a detailed description of a camera-based wearable sensor system, PACT CAM, that can capture the most relevant images of cigarette smoking at every second from the eye level. Along with a 5MP camera, PACT CAM includes inertial sensors to detect the wearer’s motion, a micro-SD card capable of storing ~1 million images, a rechargeable LiPo battery to support the image capture for ~32 hours with a single charge, etc. This circuitry was enclosed within a plastic enclosure with a provision to facilitate attachment to the eye-glass temple of the wearer. To support multi-day data collection, imaging was configured to pause while the sensor system was stationary or put to charge, and resume while out of inactivity or removed from the charger. During this inactivity state, the system was configured to enter into the low power sleep mode with ~0.05mA power consumption. The EXIF header of the captured images contained detailed information on the image capture timestamp, inactivity time, the wearer’s walking steps at the moment of image capture, etc. This EXIF information can be accessed from a computer application without requiring the manual image review. The smoking context, as captured objectively by PACT CAM for multiple days, is critical to infer the overall smoking behavior of a person and select proper cessation intervention methods. The performance of PACT CAM was also validated involving two volunteer smokers wearing it for multiple days.
A Study on Machine Learning-Based Predictive Modelling for Pick Profiling at Distribution Centers

The devices business is one of the flagship units of Microsoft, and it comprises of all the hardware products offered by the company. The division houses popular products like Surface computers, Xbox gaming consoles, HoloLens VR smart glasses, and a plethora of PC Accessories (mice, keyboards etc.).This wide spectrum of offerings creates growing SKU complexity, a capital intensive supply chain, thus requiring an extensive and efficient distribution center network to provide the right service level for our customers. Operational efficiency, work force, and capacity planning at these distribution centers are critical to optimize service levels, costs, and as a result, high customer satisfaction. These centers have been plagued with recurring workforce shortages during peak seasons and below par SLA fulfilment owing to poor long-term visibility. The current planning process was partner specific, with varied methods and relied solely at using history to predict the future with adjustments made based upon intuition of the future and were essentially disconnected from using financial projections systematically. These projections have high error rates and are quite manual to build. This created a need for Microsoft’s Supply Chain to develop a robust statistics-based fully automated solution to improve pick profile predictions and automate the entire process. In this paper, we propose a multi-model solution, which uses techniques like ARIMA, Holt Winters Forecasting, like modelling, multi-variate linear regression, support vector machine (SVM), polynomial regression, random forest/decision trees in building the prediction models.
Spies like us: Media, politics and the communist past in Bulgaria

The secrecy enveloping the past of public figures — journalists, politicians, and business moguls — has been plaguing democratic transition all across the Central and Eastern European region. In Bulgaria, the public has faced at different stages of the transition the uncomfortable moral crisis of reconciling the communist past with the political and cultural presence. In this process, journalists and media professionals play a vital role as critical agencies of discovering and disseminating the facts concerning the secret communist past of public figures. The situation is further complicated when journalists themselves are implicated in collaborating with the communist secret service, while at the same time, serving as prominent voices of dissent and political change. This paper examines the ramifications of these problems for press freedom and self-censorship, when not only journalists but media owners themselves, find their names on the “blacklist” of former secret agents and spies.
Paying the piper: the cost of Ca2+ pumping during the mating call of toadfish

Superfast fibres of toadfish swimbladder muscle generate a series of superfast Ca(2+) transients, a necessity for high-frequency calling. How is this accomplished with a relatively low rate of Ca(2+) pumping by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)? We hypothesized that there may not be complete Ca(2+) saturation and desaturation of the troponin Ca(2+) regulatory sites with each twitch during calling. To test this, we determined the number of regulatory sites by measuring the concentration of troponin C (TNC) molecules, 33.8 μmol per kg wet weight. We then estimated how much SR Ca(2+) is released per twitch by measuring the recovery oxygen consumption in the presence of a crossbridge blocker, N-benzyl-p-toluene sulphonamide (BTS). The results agreed closely with SR release estimates obtained with a kinetic model used to analyse Ca(2+) transient measurements. We found that 235 μmol of Ca(2+) per kg muscle is released with the first twitch of an 80 Hz stimulus (15(o)C). Release per twitch declines dramatically thereafter such that by the 10th twitch release is only 48 μmol kg(-1) (well below the concentration of TNC Ca(2+) regulatory sites, 67.6 μmol kg(-1)). The ATP usage per twitch by the myosin crossbridges remains essentially constant at ∼25 μmol kg(-1) throughout the stimulus period. Hence, for the first twitch, ∼80% of the energy goes into pumping Ca(2+) (which uses 1 ATP per 2 Ca(2+) ions pumped), but by the 10th and subsequent twitches the proportion is ∼50%. Even though by the 10th stimulus the Ca(2+) release per twitch has dropped 5-fold, the Ca(2+) remaining in the SR has declined by only ∼18%; hence dwindling SR Ca(2+) content is not responsible for the drop. Rather, inactivation of the Ca(2+) release channel by myoplasmic Ca(2+) likely explains this reduction. If inactivation did not occur, the SR would run out of Ca(2+) well before the end of even a 40-twitch call. Hence, inactivation of the Ca(2+) release channel plays a critical role in swimbladder muscle during normal in vivo function.
The Economics Major: How Students Decide

In the fall of 1996, William Walstad suggested that the profession needed to obtain the students' perspective on the choice of major. To recruit majors and to address Walstad's concern, we surveyed seniors to determine which factors they considered important when choosing a major. Our results suggest that the factors considered to be the most important to the choice of major include interest in the subject, expected marketability, the student's performance in major classes, and the approachability and teaching reputation of the faculty. We also stratify the data set by gender and by whether or not a student considers economics as a major. The results may help the profession address why so few women choose economics and why some students choose majors other than economics.
Financial Press Coverage and Expected Stock Returns

Behavioral pricing models suggest that firms with extreme book-to-market tend to be persistently mispriced because investors have persistent biases towards their private information. If persistently mispriced firms tend to have high levels of press coverage, either because the press coverage reinforces investors' biases or because their unusual book-to-market ratios result in more attention from the financial press, a level of recent news a firm receives should complement book-to-market in predicting which firms are likely to be mispriced. Analysis of a large sample of U.S. stocks supports this hypothesis. In particular, high news counts predict lower subsequent returns over the next two years, but this effect is strongest among low book-to-market firms. Empirical tests based on rational pricing phenomena potentially related to the level of press coverage, such as estimation risk and investor recognition, cannot explain these results. In addition, the time-series of the scale of this concentrated news-count effect is predictable in a manner consistent with investor overconfidence related to macroeconomic conditions.
Delirium in Critically Ill Patients

Delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a common diagnosis, with an incidence ranging between 45% and 87%. Delirium represents a significant burden both to the patient and to the health care system, with a 3.2-fold increase in 6-month mortality and annual US health care costs up to $16 billion. In this review, the diagnosis, epidemiology, and risk factors for delirium in the ICU are discussed. The pathophysiology of delirium and evolving prevention and treatment modalities are outlined.