cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, Enumeration, Serotypes, and Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes of Salmonella enterica Isolates from Carcasses at Two Large United States Pork Processing Plants

The objective of this study was to characterize Salmonella enterica contamination on carcasses in two large U.S. commercial pork processing plants. The carcasses were sampled at three points, before scalding (prescald), after dehairing/polishing but before evisceration (preevisceration), and after chilling (chilled final). The overall prevalences of Salmonella on carcasses at these three sampling points, prescald, preevisceration, and after chilling, were 91.2%, 19.1%, and 3.7%, respectively. At one of the two plants, the prevalence of Salmonella was significantly higher (P 1.9 log CFU/100 cm2, but these carcasses were not equally distributed between the two plants, as 234 occurred at the plant with higher Salmonella prevalences. Forty-one serotypes were identified on prescald carcasses with Salmonella enterica serotypes Derby, Typhimurium, and Anatum predominating. S. enterica serotypes Typhimurium and London were the most common of the 24 serotypes isolated from preevisceration carcasses. The Salmonella serotypes Johannesburg and Typhimurium were the most frequently isolated serotypes of the 9 serotypes identified from chilled final carcasses. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for selected isolates from each carcass sampling point. Multiple drug resistance (MDR), defined as resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobial agents, was identified for 71.2%, 47.8%, and 77.5% of the tested isolates from prescald, preevisceration, and chilled final carcasses, respectively. The results of this study indicate that the interventions used by pork processing plants greatly reduce the prevalence of Salmonella on carcasses, but MDR Salmonella was isolated from 3.2% of the final carcasses sampled.
Multi-Object Tracking Through Simultaneous Long Occlusions and Split-Merge Conditions

A fundamental requirement for effective automated analysis of object behavior and interactions in video is that each object must be consistently identified over time. This is difficult when the objects are often occluded for long periods: nearly all tracking algorithms will terminate a track with loss of identity on a long gap. The problem is further confounded by objects in close proximity, tracking failures due to shadows, etc. Recently, some work has been done to address these issues using higher level reasoning, by linking tracks from multiple objects over long gaps. However, these efforts have assumed a one-to-one correspondence between tracks on either side of the gap. This is often not true in real scenarios of interest, where the objects are closely spaced and dynamically occlude each other, causing trackers to merge objects into single tracks. In this paper, we show how to efficiently handle splitting and merging during track linking. Moreover, we show that we can maintain the identities of objects that merge together and subsequently split. This enables the identity of objects to be maintained throughout long sequences with difficult conditions. We demonstrate our approach on a highly challenging, oblique-view video sequence of dense traffic of a highway interchange. We successfully track the large majority of the hundreds of moving vehicles in the scene, many in close proximity, through long occlusions and shadows.
Distributed network failure recovery with tie-sets

The present research attempts to recover network failure in complicated network topology by focusing on tie-sets. A tie-set implies a set of links constituting a cycle. Tie-sets enable entire networks to be divided into smaller local units of tie-sets which encompass all network vertices and links. These units realize network management for quick and flexible failure recovery. This paper first introduces the concept of tie-sets, and then proposes a recovery method for single link failure. The latter half of the paper deals with the efficacy of failure recovery in different spanning trees. In order to realize quick failure recovery, the paper also proposes a method of determining an optimal spanning tree.
A monolithic conditioner for thermocouple signals

The authors discusses a monolithic signal conditioner for direct thermocouple input which provides gain, common-mode signal rejection, and cold-junction compensation. It provides 50 to 1 ambient temperature rejection and a nominal 10 mV//spl deg/C output range. It operates on as little as 800 /spl mu/W, provides a thermocouple fault alarm and has provision for use as a set-point feedback controller as well as for signal measurements. The circuit is fabricated on a standard linear IC process and uses laser-wafer-trimmed thin-film resistors to achieve 1/spl deg/C temperature calibration.
Calculating the transfer function of noise removal by principal component analysis and application to AzTEC deep-field observations

Instruments using arrays of many bolometers have become increasingly common in the past decade. The maps produced by such instruments typically include the filtering effects of the instrument as well as those from subsequent steps performed in the reduction of the data. Therefore interpretation of the maps is dependent upon accurately calculating the transfer function of the chosen reduction technique on the signal of interest.Many of these instruments use non-linear and iterative techniques to reduce their data because such methods can offer an improved signal-to-noise ratio over those that are purely linear, particularly for signals at scales comparable to that subtended by the array.We discuss a general approach for measuring the transfer function of principal component analysis on point sources that are small compared to the spatial extent seen by any single bolometer within the array. The results are applied to previously released AzTEC catalogues of the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS), Lockman Hole, Subaru XMM–Newton Deep Field, Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS)-North and GOODS-South fields. Source flux density and noise estimates increase by roughly +10 per cent for fields observed while AzTEC was installed at the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment and +15–25 per cent while AzTEC was installed at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. Detection significance is, on average, unaffected by the revised technique. The revised photometry technique will be used in subsequent AzTEC releases.
A discrete phase-unwrapping technique for interferograms

A discrete technique for phase unwrapping is presented. The technique is based on constructing the mth-degree interpolating polynomials to approximate the involved functions using Legendre–Gauss–Lobatto collocation nodes. The relationship between the known wrapped phase and the unknown unwrapped phase and that between their derivatives are converted into a set of linear algebraic equations. This set of equations is solved for the unknown coefficients to produce the unwrapped phase. A numerical example is included to demonstrate the performance of the technique, where a comparison is made with exact results. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 101–104, 2002.
Never again joy without sorrow: the effect on parents of a child with ataxia-telangiectasia.

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of having a child with ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) as well as to assess parental understanding of the genetics of A-T and attitudes toward carrier testing. Sixty-eight parents of individuals with A-T were interviewed. Ninety percent of the parents correctly believed if there is a child with A-T, both are obligate heterozygotes. Only 9% knew each well sib had a two-thirds chance of being a carrier. Eighty-four percent would have their unaffected child tested for carrier status prior to age 18 years. Eighty-two percent believed heterozygosity is associated with increased health risks. We offer the following recommendations. 1) Physicians must realize that communicating the possibility of early death is difficult; parents need guidelines so they know what to expect, but diagnosis should not be a death sentence. Clinicians should stress individual variations in expression of the disorder and offer hope for future progress in treatment. 2) Parents underestimated carrier risks for the well sib and the frequency of carrier status in the general population. Although these distortions are self-protective, they interfere with transmission of accurate genetic information to their children. Parents should be referred to genetic counseling. 3) Psychological counseling should be offered to families at the time of diagnosis so parents can support each other, the affected, and unaffected offspring.
Retinal and choroidal vascular occlusion after posterior sub-tenon triamcinolone injection.

Abstract PURPOSE: To report a case of retinal and choroidal vascular occlusion occurring as a complication after posterior sub-Tenon triamcinolone injection for treatment of uveitic cystoid macular edema. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: Retrospective study. A 32-year-old woman with uveitis and cystoid macular edema underwent a right posterior sub-Tenon injection of triamcinolone (40 mg/ml, 1 ml total) through a superotemporal approach after topical anesthesia. After the procedure, the patient experienced severe eye pain, orbital ecchymosis, and globe proptosis consistent with retrobulbar hemorrhage. RESULTS: Dilated fundus examination of the right eye (OD) demonstrated multiple intraretinal hemorrhages with particulate white emboli occluding the retinal and choroidal vessels. Visual acuity was no light perception. Ocular massage and hypotensive therapy was initiated for an intraocular pressure of 50 mm Hg. Canthotomy and cantholysis were performed. A total of 39 months post-incident, her visual acuity improved to 20/100. CONCLUSION: Posterior sub-Tenon triamcinolone injection can rarely result in retinal and choroidal occlusion. Immediate intervention may preserve limited visual acuity.
Physicians' use of key functions in electronic health records from 2005 to 2007: a statewide survey.

Objective: Electronic health records (EHRs) have potential to improve quality and safety, but many physicians do not use these systems to full capacity. The objective of this study was to determine whether this usage gap is narrowing over time. Design: Follow-up mail survey of 1,144 physicians in Massachusetts who completed a 2005 survey. Measurements: Adoption of EHRs and availability and use of 10 EHR functions. Results: The response rate was 79.4%. In 2007, 35% of practices had EHRs, up from 23% in 2005. Among practices with EHRs, there was little change between 2005 and 2007 in the availability of nine of ten EHR features; the notable exception was electronic prescribing, reported as available in 44.7% of practices with EHRs in 2005 and 70.8% in 2007. Use of EHR functions changed inconsequentially, with more than one out of five physicians not using each available function regularly in both 2005 and 2007. Only electronic prescribing increased substantially: in 2005, 19.9% of physicians with this function available used it most or all the time, compared with 42.6% in 2007 (p 0.001). Conclusions: By 2007, more than one third of practices in Massachusetts reported having EHRs; the availability and use of electronic prescribing within these systems has increased. In contrast, physicians reported little change in the availability and use of other EHR functions. System refinements, certification efforts, and health policies, including standards development, should address the gaps in both EHR adoption and the use of key functions. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2009;16:465-470. DOI 10.1197/jamia.M3081.
Initial Validation of an Instrument Measuring Psychology-Specific Epistemological Beliefs

Psychology-specific epistemological beliefs (EBs) are believed to influence students’ approach to and performance in psychology courses. However, empirical research on this topic is limited due in ...
139 Antimicrobial Activity of Synthetic Cationic Steroids on Burn Wound Pathogens

Sepsis remains the single most important cause for multiple organ failure and death following burn injury for which no effective treatment is currently available. Burn injury is associated with immunosuppression which promotes sepsis. Studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that levels of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP), human β-defensin-2, was significantly decreased in burned skin epithelia, absent in burn blister fluid and poorly expressed in lung during inhalation injury.We hypothesize that 1) deficient antimicrobial peptides in burn wound promote progressive colonization of pathogens in burn wounds and 2) replacing active peptide components will restore the antimicrobial activity in burn wounds. We have synthesized several cationic steroid antimicrobials (CSAs) which mimic naturally occurring AMPs functionally. In vitro experiments using one of these synthetic drugs with locally isolated common burn pathogen P. aeruginosa and S aureus demonstrate MIC values of 2.0 ± 0.3 μg/ml and 0.4 ± 0.1 μg/ml, respectively, indicating effectiveness of these compounds against burn pathogens. These drugs were tested for cytotoxicity on cultured human keratinocytes using MTT cell viability assay. Results indicate that these drugs are nontoxic to cultured keratinocytes at the level required for bacterial killing. Since theses drugs are membrane active compounds it will be hard for bacteria to develop resistance and there is a great potential to be developed for clinical treatment.
Combination gel of 1% amitriptyline and 0.5% ketamine to treat refractory erythromelalgia pain: a new treatment option?

A 17-year-old white woman presented with a 2-year history of increasingly frequent episodes of erythromelalgia involving her hands, feet, and lower legs (Figure). She described the discomfort as “throbbing, burning, stinging.” Her symptoms occurred daily. The episodes involved her feet about 10 to 15 times during the day and involved her hands slightly less frequently. Whenever her feet got warm at night, erythromelalgia developed. These episodes were extremely painful. Generally, the erythema and pain occurred independently in the hands and feet. The symptoms were precipitated in her hands and feet by exercise; for example, walking precipitated the symptoms in her feet and legs, and writing precipitated them in her hands. Occasionally, the symptoms occurred when she was at rest, and they occasionally were worse at night. The symptoms lasted from minutes to up to 2 hours. She relieved the symptoms by cooling the affected area with ice and by raising the symptomatic limbs above the level of her heart. At night, she would stick her feet out of bed to relieve the symptoms and, during warm weather, used a fan.
Why Humanistic Psychology Lost Its Power and Influence in American Psychology: Implications for Advancing Humanistic Psychology

Why did humanistic psychology lose its power and influence in American psychology? Previous answers have focused on the historical shortcomings of the humanistic movement, a perspective that essent...
Demographics and occurrence of oral and pharyngeal cancers. The outcomes, the trends, the challenge.

ABSTRACT Overview This article summarizes current trends in the occurrence of, mortality rates associated with and rates of survival of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Methods The author reviewed relevant data and literature on these aspects of oral and pharyngeal cancer, including data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program collected from 1973 to 1998. Results The occurrence of oral and pharyngeal cancer in the United States remains constant, at about 30,000 new cases diagnosed each year. There has been no marked improvement in the five-year survival rates, which remain at about 50 percent, despite advances in surgery and radiation. Detection of early, localized lesions has not improved significantly during the past three decades. There is a minor trend toward a younger age at diagnosis and a slight increase among women. Conclusions On the basis of epidemiologic data, it appears that the most important approach to decreasing morbidity and mortality associated with oral cancer is increasing early detection of localized lesions combined with appropriate treatment. Concomitantly, aggressive counseling is vital to prevent use and encourage cessation of tobacco and alcohol use. Clinical Implications Professional and public education about oral and pharyngeal cancer needs to be improved, and clinicians must emphasize the need for and perform routine oral cancer examinations to promote early diagnosis and treatment.
Interpretation von Forschungsresultaten

Nach der Erhebung und Auswertung der Daten besteht der nachste Schritt in der Interpretation der Resultate. Was bedeuten sie? Welche Implikationen enthalten sie? Wie sollen sie gegenuber anderen Forschern und evtl. der Offentlichkeit interpretiert und mitgeteilt werden? Schlieslich — u. U. ist dies eine vorrangige Frage — wie werden andere Forscher und die Offentlichkeit unsere Ergebnisse interpretieren?
Discretized WR Algorithms

To compute the iteration waveforms for the WR algorithm it is usually necessary to solve systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. If multistep integration formulas are used to solve for the iteration waveforms, the differential equations that describe the decomposed systems will not be solved exactly. Therefore, the convergence theorem presented in Section 4.2 does not guarantee the convergence of this discretized WR algorithm. However, the discretized WR algorithm is a nonstationary method and the therefore the theorem presented in Section 4.4 applies, and guarantees WR convergence to the solution of the given system of ODE’s when the global discretization error is driven to zero with the WR iterations. Reducing the error with the iteration is also a reasonable practical approach to insuring the convergence of the WR algorithm under discretizations. Timesteps for numerical integration methods are usually chosen to insure that estimates of the local truncation error are kept below some supplied criteria. Reducing these criteria as relaxation iterations progress insures that the WR algorithm will converge.
Abstract 3602: Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Improves Neuronal Survival after Cardiac Arrest and Alters Microglial Activation towards a Neuroprotective Phenotype

Introduction: Ischemia/reperfusion during cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR) causes significant neuronal death and leads to long-term functional deficits. While neuronal death in the hippocampus is one likely cause of memory loss after CA/CPR, the local inflammatory milieu present after CA/CPR also contributes to functional deficit. However, the signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory response are poorly understood. Microglia, the brain resident immune cells, are activated in response to different types of brain injury. We hypothesized that CA/CPR activates microglia, which then contribute to subsequent neuronal loss and functional deficit. We tested whether pharmacologic inhibition of the pro-inflammatory enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) alters microglial activation and neuronal death in a mouse model of CA/CPR. Methods: Male adult C57Bl/6 mice underwent 8 minutes of CA followed by CPR. The sEH inhibitor 4-phenylchalcone oxide (4-PCO; 5 mg/kg ip) was administered at 5 minutes and 24 hours after CA/CPR. Microglial activation was assessed histologically by immunostaining for the activation marker Mac-2 at 24 and 72 hours after CA/CPR. Surviving CA1 hippocampal neurons were counted at 72 hours after CA/CPR. Hippocampal expression of inflammatory cytokines was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. Results: Phenotypically activated microglia expressing Mac-2 appeared in the hippocampus as early as 24 hours after CA/CPR, before significant neuronal death was present. Concurrently, expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β increased. In animals treated with 4-PCO, hippocampal expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly increased (2-fold vs. vehicle), while expression of pro-inflammatory TNF- α and IL-1 β was unchanged. Subsequent death of CA1 neurons at 72 hours after CA/CPR was significantly reduced in animals treated with 4-PCO (34+/-3.7% 4-PCO vs. 52+/-7.1% vehicle), whereas the number of Mac-2 positive microglia was unchanged. Conclusions: Microglia are activated and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines early after CA/CPR. Inhibition of sEH induces hippocampal expression of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective IL-10 and reduces subsequent neuronal death after CA/CPR, without altering the number of phenotypically activated Mac-2 positive microglia or expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus. This suggests that sEH inhibition may alter gene expression in activated microglia after brain ischemia, thus protecting neurons and maintaining function. IL-10 induction by sEH inhibition is a promising therapeutic approach after ischemic brain injury from CA/CPR.
Improvements in insulin sensitivity after aerobic exercise and weight loss in older women with a history of gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

ABSTRACTPurpose: To determine whether a hypocaloric diet alone (WL) or with exercise training (AEX + WL) is effective in improving body composition, fitness, glucose utilization and CVD risk factors in sedentary women with a history of gestational diabetes (GDM) and with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Materials and Methods: Longitudinal clinical investigation of 25 overweight/obese (BMI: 32 ± 1 kg/m2) women (59 ± 1 yrs) with a GDM history (n = 20) or T2DM (n = 5). Women completed 6 months WL (n = 10) or AEX+WL (n = 15) with VO2max, body composition, and glucose tolerance testing. Insulin sensitivity was measured during the last 30 min of 2 h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps (40 mU·m−2.min−1) before and after interventions. Results: Body weight decreased ~7% after WL and AEX+WL (p < 0.001), with an 11–12% decrease in fat mass (p < 0.0001). Visceral fat and subcutaneous abdominal fat decreased 27 and 10% after WL (p < 0.01) and 14 and 11% after AEX + WL (p < 0.05). VO2max increased 16% after AEX + WL (p < 0.001)...
Factors affecting pediatric patient transfer in testicular torsion.

Abstract Background Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency, and interhospital transfer could delay care and increase the risk of orchiectomy. This study identifies factors associated with transfer for pediatric testicular torsion. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study examined emergency department (ED) visits for testicular torsion by men aged 1-21 y in National Emergency Department Sample from 2006 to 2012. Freestanding children's hospitals were excluded. Analyses were weighted to produce nationally representative estimates. Patient- and institutional-level predictors of transfer were evaluated using Rao–Scott chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression. Results There were 11,435 ED visits for testicular torsion resulting in admission or transfer. In multivariable regression, the probability of transfer decreased with increasing age but remained higher for patients aged 15-17 y than for those aged 18-21 y (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51, P Conclusions Older adolescents with testicular torsion are more likely to be transferred than young adults. Interhospital transfers in these patients may represent a potential target for improving care. Future work should focus on evaluating the effect of transfer on the risk for undergoing orchiectomy.
Survival and Development of Carpenterworms Reared Aseptically on an Artificial Diet

Aseptic procedures, developed for culturing the carpenterworm Prionoxystus robiniae (Peck) in ventilated glass jars, provided adequate food and gaseous exchange without excessive moisture loss for larval development. The best mean survival (80%) and the shortest development time (267 days) were obtained by exposing 13-wk-old larvae to 7°C for 12 wk.
Experimental Preparation Showing Effect of Reserpine on Tissue Resistance.

Summary and ConclusionThe I.V. administration of reserpine lowers significantly the susceptibility of the intact cat's esophagus to injury by digestive action of human gastric juice.
The Artificial Rearing and Colonization of Trichogramma Minutum

This paper gives the results of two years' experiments on rearing and colonizing T. minutum on peach, apple and pecan insects in Georgia. Sitotroga cerealella is used as the laboratory host. Field hosts are Oriental fruit moth, codling moth, nut case bearer, leaf case bearer and shuck worm eggs. A new type of parasite card is described. Some very promising results were obtained in the field, especially in parasitizing the eggs of the Oriental fruit moth and codling moth.
Study on Electric Energy Measurement Assurance Program

Measurement Assurance Program(MAP) is internationally common-used technical measure to ensure the value transferring. Electric Measurement Assurance Program(EMAP) is the specific application of MAP.It's core technology is to collect data through periodic period verification and value comparison,put forward the main factors which effect the calibration level,and correction scheme is given.EMAP plays an important role to ensure the accuracy,reliability and unity of transferred value,and supply important technical basis for measurement authorization.
History and Identity

This chapter focuses on the diverse groups of people occupying minority or marginalized status in South Asia. I explore the various impacts that the British-led Indian subcontinent’s partition into India and (originally) East and West Pakistan had on large numbers of such people as well as on communities that live in socially, economically, and politically marginalized areas. While dividing people through the partition along religious, caste, and tribal lines created minority groups in South Asia, the partition further reinforced the marginalization of the people displaced by the partition itself and the hardships that followed.
Introduction to Tucson 2017: Mineral Treasures of the Midwest

DO YOU FEEL IT? The Midwest is moving west, at least for a few weeks this February. The fabulous mineral treasures of the sixteen Midwestern states are the theme of the 2017 Tucson Gem and Mineral ...
Possessing History and American Innocence: James Baldwin, William F. Buckley, Jr., and the 1965 Cambridge Debate

The 1965 debate at Cambridge University between James Baldwin and William F. Buckley, Jr., posed the question: “Has the American Dream been achieved at the Expense of the American Negro?” Within the contours of the debate, Baldwin and Buckley wrestled with the ghosts of settler colonialism and slavery in a nation founded on freedom and equality. Framing the debate within the longue duree , this essay examines the deep cultural currents related to the American racial paradox at the height of the Civil Rights movement. Underscoring the changing language of white resistance against black civil rights, the essay argues that the Baldwin and Buckley debate anticipated the ways the U.S. would address racial inequality in the aftermath of the civil rights era and the dawn of neoliberalism in the 1970s.
Targeted Self-Healing by Magnetically Guiding Microcapsules.

Magnetically guided microcapsules are used to achieve self-healing with 1/10th of the healing components required using traditional self-healing approaches. Microcapsules are rendered responsive to magnetic fields by suspending magnetic nanoparticles in the core material. The nanoparticles are surface-modified to enable urea–formaldehyde encapsulation within a phenyl acetate core. Magnetic fields are used to guide the microcapsules to the expected fracture location in tapered double-cantilever beam (TDCB) epoxy specimens. This guiding method achieves an order of magnitude increase in local microcapsule concentration over controls, resulting in successful self-healing at microcapsule concentrations as low as 0.025 wt %. Additionally, the observed healing is both more consistent and significantly higher than that of control specimens, remaining relatively constant across all weight percentages tested.
SHIPS OF THE SOUL

Having provided what are predominantly fact-based accounts of the respective ‘transports’ and further, having considered aspects of the ‘human’ and the ‘technical’ facets of their individual stories as well as those of their near siblings, it is now time to delve deeper and look specifically at certain physical characteristics and dimensions that they each share.
Sexuality and the Late Stage Huntington's Disease Patient

Huntington's Disease (HD) is an irreversible subcortical dementia resulting in uncontrolled movement; loss of intellectual function; impaired memory, thought, speech and perception; and emotional disturbance. This study assessed sexual interests, needs related to sexuality, and intimacy issues in severely impaired, late stage HD patients through use of structured interviews. Results of interviews of a small population of HD patients residing in a long-term care facility are provided; interviews focused on sexuality issues, patients' perceptions of their intimate and sexual relationships, and their interest in discussing sexuality concerns with staff. Almost half of the patient population displayed an interest in discussing sexuality issues. Interview results indicated the need for caregivers to recognize that patients are sexual beings, with sexual needs, fantasies and wishes. HD patients have the potential to develop feelings of attraction, which must be dealt with in a clear, careful, sensitive manner. Suggestions are offered for ways in which caregiving staff could compensate for the sexual losses, including: providing a private room for a married patient to have intimate time with a spouse; offering sexually-oriented videos or reading materials if the individual wants them; providing romance novels and films; considering the possibility of providing a patient with a means to stimulate himself or herself.
Protecting Mitochondrial Health: A Unifying Mechanism in Adult Neurogenesis.

Adult neurogenesis occurs in the hippocampal region of the brain of most mammals including humans. Adult-born neurons play a critical role in hippocampus-dependent memory formation. The importance of adult neurogenesis has been indicated by multiple studies in which dysfunctional adult neurogenesis
Abstract 425: High Sodium Excretion is not Associated with Reduced Vasodilation in Healthy African American Adults

Background: High dietary sodium (Na) intake has been shown to be related to the development of endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. Urinary sodium excretion in people with normal renal function can indirectly reflect the level of dietary sodium intake. The purpose of the study was to test whether high urine Na excretion was independent from other risk factors and related to the compromised endothelial-dependent (fiow-mediated dilation [FMD]) and/or endothelium-independent (nitroglycerin-induced dilation [NMD]) in normotensive African Americans. Normotensives were studied in order to eliminate the influence of hypertension. METHODS: Urine was collected for 24 hr in 30 subjects aged 41-63 yrs with normal blood pressure (125.7 ± 9.7/81 ± 7.1 mmHg). 16 subjects had Na excretion Results: There were no differences in other dietary factors, age, body mass index, blood pressure, or physical activity levels between the groups. Plasma concentrations of cholesterol, glucose, antioxidant status and inflammatory markers did not differ between groups. FMD (Normal: 7.4 ± 2.9% vs. High: 9.5 ± 3.6%; p=0.09) and NMD (Normal: 17.9 ± 6.3% vs. High: 27.8 ± 18.1%; p=0.07) and true peak FMD/NMD ratio (Normal: 0.45 ± 0.22 vs. High: 0.38 ± 0.11; p=0.26) were not different between groups. No significant correlations were found between 24hr Na excretion and FMD (r=0.332; p=0.073), NMD (r=0.356; p=0.053) or FMD/NMD ratio(r=0.112; p=0.554) in the entire study group. Conclusion: High Na excretion was not associated with reduced endothelial responsiveness in healthy African Americans with normal blood pressure. These results suggest that high Na intake may not be predictive of endothelial dysfunction in putatively healthy populations.
Queuing up for resistance testing

Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli can be assessed by real-time imaging of bacterial replication in a microfluidics system.
Bildung as an essential disposition in becoming a reflective practitioner: practical application of philosophical hermeneutics to second language teacher education

For a few decades, reflective practice has been employed in second language teacher education (SLTE) as ‘a means by which practitioners can develop a greater level of self-awareness about the natur...
The Intended Curriculum: Locating Nature in the Science Standards

This chapter presents a critical discourse analysis of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) and two sets of Georgia science standards—the Georgia Performance Standards (GPS) that were used till the end of the academic year 2016–17 and the Georgia Standards for Excellence (GSE) that were made operational for Georgia public schools from the academic year 2017–18. We analyze the implicit and explicit existential, propositional, value assumptions and logical implications in these documents. Next, through an iterative process of repeated reading and textual analysis, we identify the contours of the scientific and environmental discourses that animate science standards in the United States. We show how the intended curriculum, as reflected in these standards, represents the natural world as a biophysical system that can be “terraformed” and sustainably managed by science and technology to support “green” capitalist societies on this planet.
Radiographic alveolar bone morphology and progressive periodontitis.

Background This study evaluated the relationship between radiographic crestal alveolar bone morphology and progressive periodontitis. Methods A total of 1,356 posterior interproximal sites in 56 adults treated for chronic periodontitis and receiving systematic 3-month maintenance care were scored for angular or horizontal marginal bone morphology, as well as for alveolar crestal lamina dura, on radiographs obtained at baseline of a 30-month post-treatment period. Semi-annually, the study patients were clinically evaluated for progressive periodontitis. Logistic regression analysis assessed baseline parameters to progressive periodontitis over the 30-month post-treatment period. Results Progressive periodontitis was detected at 33 (2.4%) posterior interproximal sites in 20 (35.7%) patients. Sites with post-treatment angular bony defects developed progressive periodontitis more frequently (14.7%) than sites with a horizontal bone topography (1.8%). Angular bony defects (odds ratio = 10.6) and periodontal probing depths ≥5 mm (odds ratio = 4.2) were identified as statistically significant independent predictors of progressive periodontitis at posterior interproximal sites. Angular bony and horizontal lesions with intact radiographic lamina dura revealed an absence of progressive periodontitis through 24 months. Conclusions Post-treatment presence of angular bone morphology and periodontal probing depths ≥5 mm significantly increased risk of progressive periodontitis at posterior interproximal sites. Sites of all morphology and probing depth that displayed radiographic crestal lamina dura at post-treatment baseline exhibited clinical stability for ≥24 months.
Accumulation of Chemicals in the Hydrosphere

When considering accumulations of chemicals in the environment, among the first things that usually come into our minds are the concentrations and accumulations of various pesticides in aquatic food chains with subsequent detrimental effects on some species of birds and elevated levels of pesticides in fish which are to be used for food by humans. However, if one examines this story more closely, it becomes rapidly apparent that the behavior of persistent chemicals in the aquatic environment is considerably more complex than it appears at first sight. For the purposes of this symposium I shall limit my discussion to some members of the chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides and PCBs, since these have been best studied with respect to their environmental behavior.
A STM study of Ni-Rh bimetallic particles on reducible CeO2(111)

Abstract Ni-Rh particles were prepared on well-ordered CeOx(111) thin films by physical vapor deposition method under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. CeO x (111) (1.5
Inflammasome Inhibition Links IRGM to Innate Immunity.

IRGM is a risk factor for several inflammatory diseases, yet no direct link to immune regulation had been shown. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Mehto et al. (2019) report that IRGM limits NLRP3 inflammasome activation—by both direct inhibition of NLRP3/ASC oligomerization and selective autophagic destruction of NLRP3/ASC.
Longitudinal study of pneumonitis and esophagitis-related symptoms in patients receiving concurrent chemoradiation for NSCLC.

9611 Background: Clinical practice and research often solely rely on clinician ratings of treatment toxicities, where a simple “symptomatic/not symptomatic” question to the patient is typically use...
Unfrustrating the t-J Model: d-wave BCS Superconductivity in the $t'$-$J_z$-$V$ Model.

The t-J model is believed to be a minimal model that may be capable of describing the low-energy physics of the cuprate superconductors. However, although the t-J model is simple in appearance, obtaining a detailed understanding of its phase diagram has proved to be challenging. We are therefore motivated to study modifications to the t-J model such that its phase diagram and mechanism for d-wave superconductivity can be understood analytically without making uncontrolled approximations. The modified model we consider is a $t'$-$J_z$-$V$ model on a square lattice, which has a second-nearest-neighbor hopping $t'$ (instead of a nearest-neighbor hopping $t$), an Ising (instead of Heisenberg) antiferromagnetic coupling $J_z$, and a nearest-neighbor repulsion $V$. In a certain strongly interacting limit, the ground state is an antiferromagnetic superconductor that can be described exactly by a Hamiltonian where the only interaction is a nearest-neighbor attraction. BCS theory can then be applied with arbitrary analytical control, from which nodeless d-wave or s-wave superconductivity can result.
Enhanced recovery protocol improves postoperative outcomes and minimizes narcotic use following resection for colon and rectal cancer.

Background Enhanced recovery protocols are associated with improved recovery. However, data on outcomes following the implementation of an enhanced recovery protocol in colorectal cancer are limited. We set out to study the postoperative outcomes, opioid use patterns, and cost impact for patients undergoing colon or rectal resection for cancer. Methods A retrospective review of all elective colorectal cancer resections from January 2015 to June 2018 at a single institution was performed. Patient demographics, operative details, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Colon and rectal patients were studied separately, with comparison of patients before and after the implementation of an enhanced recovery protocol. Results One hundred ninety-two patients underwent elective colorectal resection for cancer. In January 2016, an enhanced recovery protocol was implemented for all elective resections - 71 patients (33 colon and 38 rectal) underwent surgery before implementation and 121 patients (56 colon and 65 rectal) underwent surgery after implementation of the enhanced recovery protocol. There were no differences with regard to age, gender, or body mass index before or after implementation (all P > .05). For both colon and rectal cancer patients, the enhanced recovery protocol reduced time to regular diet (both P < .05) and length of stay (colon: 3 vs 4 days; rectal: 4 vs 6 days; both P < .01). Enhanced recovery protocol patients also consumed fewer total narcotics (colon: 44 vs 184 morphine milligram equivalents, P < .01; rectal: 121 vs 393 morphine milligram equivalents, P < .01). Conclusions Enhanced recovery protocol use reduced length of stay and narcotic use with similar total costs and no difference in 30-day complications for both colon and rectal cancer resections.
The landscape of vascularized composite allograft donation in the United States.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Vascularized composite allograft (VCA) donation and transplantation has now demonstrated feasibility and impact to the lives of patients suffering from devastating and traumatic injury. This review summarizes the current landscape of VCA donation in the United States. RECENT FINDINGS VCA donations are nonlife-saving allografts, for nonlife-saving transplants - and therefore, conservative donor selection focused on the optimization of donors for the lowest risk to transplant recipients is paramount. VCA donors in the United States are a demographically and clinically diverse group that largely reflects the characteristics of the VCA candidates waiting for transplants. Public opinion about VCA donation is generally supportive, but has lower support for VCA transplants than for solid organ transplants. SUMMARY As an emerging area of transplantation, VCA donation is evolving in the United States with growing interest by the public, and those suffering from catastrophic injury for which reconstructive transplantation may offer excellent outcomes and a high quality of life.
Fault detection and isolation system for four-wheels drive electric vehicles

In this paper, we investigate the problem of fault detection and isolation (FDI) of actuator and sensor faults which influence the lateral behavior of automated vehicles. Fast identification of faulty actuator or sensor is crucial for the stability of the vehicle and is considered as an important step in the fault-tolerant vehicle control design strategy. The steering system actuator and motor torque faults and yaw rate and lateral accelerations sensor faults are considered. To reduce the impact of model uncertainties, perturbation and sensor noise, a robust unknown input observer and $\mathcal{H}_{-}/\mathcal{H}_{\infty}$ fault detection filter are selected and applied for generating the residual signals. In addition, a decision algorithm (residual evaluation) based on the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) is used for detecting and isolating the faulty signal. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Data-Driven Extraction of Vehicle States From CAN Bus Traffic for Cyberprotection and Safety

This article develops a data -driven, semisupervised approach to learn physical relationships of controller area network (CAN) signals from only a limited set of CAN packets. These mappings are then used to develop a hidden Markov model (HMM) of the driver's actions upon which transaction analysis is performed to optimize the real-time identification of the states. The proposed approach builds an image from the CAN data, then trains a convolutional neural network (CNN) to give emission probabilities to predicts drivers's actions.
Unfinished business: Michael Jackson, Detroit, and the figural economy of America

The driving force in this profoundly necessary and absorbing book is how “Performance makes structural economies go!” (xi). Capital and political economy order and influence every organism on this ...
Genetic investigation of formaldehyde-induced DNA damage response in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Formaldehyde is a common environmental pollutant and is associated with adverse health effects. Formaldehyde is also considered to be a carcinogen because it can form DNA adducts, leading to genomic instability. How these adducts are prevented and removed is not fully understood. In this study, we used the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model organism to investigate cellular tolerance pathways against formaldehyde exposure. We show that Fmd1 is a major formaldehyde dehydrogenase that functions to detoxify formaldehyde and that Fmd1 is critical to minimize formaldehyde-mediated DNA lesions. Our investigation revealed that nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination have major roles in cellular tolerance to formaldehyde, while mutations in the Fanconi anemia, translesion synthesis, and base excision repair pathways also render cells sensitive to formaldehyde. We also demonstrate that loss of Wss1 or Wss2, proteases involved in the removal of DNA–protein crosslinks, sensitizes cells to formaldehyde and leads to replication defects. These results suggest that formaldehyde generates a variety of DNA lesions, including interstrand crosslinks, DNA–protein crosslinks, and base adducts. Thus, our genetic studies provide a framework for future investigation regarding health effects resulting from formaldehyde exposure.
Heart Transplant Outcomes in Children with Ebstein's Anomaly

Purpose Large variability exists in the medical and surgical management strategies for patients with Ebstein's anomaly (EA). However, in severe cases, options may be limited to heart transplantation (HT). Despite this, little data regarding outcomes of HT in EA patients exist to guide decision-making in this population. We report outcomes following HT in children with EA and describe characteristics associated with a poor HT outcome in the EA population. Methods The Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients and Pediatric Health Information System databases were linked at the patient level using indirect identifiers (2002 - 2016). Pediatric HT recipients with a diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) were included, and those with a diagnosis of EA were identified using pre-HT ICD9/10 codes. The log-rank test was used to compare graft survival in HT recipients with EA and those with other forms of CHD. Post-HT morbidities including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), dialysis, stroke and rejection were also compared between groups. Cox regression was used to analyze factors associated with graft loss in the EA population. A sub-analysis of EA patients listed for HT at age ≤6 months was performed to determine if survival in this population differed from older EA patients following HT. Results A total of 1453 patients were identified for inclusion and 58 (4%) had EA. Of the EA patients 26 (44.8%) were male, median age at HT was 4 years (IQR 0-11 years), and 6 (10.3%) had undergone prior cardiac surgery. Support at the time of transplant for the EA group included mechanical ventilation (n=45, 77.6%), ECMO (n=6, 10.3%) and ventricular assist device (n=4, 6.9%). There was no difference in 5-year graft survival following HT in patients with EA vs other forms of CHD (76% vs 73%, p=0.84). Pre-HT ECMO was associated with graft loss in the EA population (HR 3.6, 95%CI 1.1-11.3). Between EA and CHD groups, no difference was detected in post-HT morbidities including ECMO (5.2% vs 9.1%, p=0.3), dialysis (8.6% vs 7%, p=0.64), stroke (0% vs 3.8%, p=0.13), or rejection (8.2% vs 17%, p=0.1). Sub-analysis of 19 (32.7%) EA patients listed for HT at ≤6 months of age showed no difference in 5-year survival compared to older patients with EA (83% vs 74%, p=0.88). Conclusion Children with EA have similar outcomes after HT when compared with all types of CHD. Therefore, HT should remain a consideration if otherwise indicated in this population.