cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fast bilayer-micelle fusion mediated by hydrophobic dipeptides.

Abstract To understand the transition from inanimate matter to life, we studied a process that directly couples simple metabolism to evolution via natural selection, demonstrated experimentally by Adamala and Szostak. In this process, dipeptides synthesized inside precursors of cells promote absorption of fatty acid micelles to vesicles, inducing their preferential growth and division at the expense of other vesicles. The process is explained on the basis of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, each extending for tens of microseconds, carried out to model fusion between a micelle and a membrane, both made of fatty acids in the absence and presence of hydrophobic dipeptides. In all systems with dipeptides, but not in their absence, fusion events were observed. They involve the formation of a stalk made by hydrophobic chains from the micelle and the membrane, similar to that postulated for vesicle-vesicle fusion. The emergence of a stalk is facilitated by transient clusters of dipeptides, side chains of which form hydrophobic patches at the membrane surface. Committor probability calculations indicate that the size of a patch is a suitable reaction coordinate and allows for identifying the transition state for fusion. Free-energy barrier to fusion is greatly reduced in the presence of dipeptides to only 4–5 kcal/mol, depending on the hydrophobicity of side chains. The mechanism of mediated fusion, which is expected to apply to other small peptides and hydrophobic molecules, provides a robust means by which a nascent metabolism can confer evolutionary advantage to precursors of cells.
The Permanent Effects of Innovation on Financial Depth: Theory and U.S. Historical Evidence From Unobservable Components Models

This paper focuses on innovation as a determinant of the rapid financial deepening that characterized the U.S. economy from 1872 to 1929. After describing the key innovations adopted by national banks in New York City over this period, it presents an example in which better loan monitoring in the presence of adverse selection and a risk-return tradeoff can allow a nearly-competitive intermediary to earn temporary rents by lowering the interest rate on loans. Subsequent use of the improved technology by other lenders and Bertrand competition for loanable funds then raises the deposit rate and encourages flows to the intermediating sector. The implication that permanent reductions in the loan-deposit spread offered by New York City national banks led to increases in financial depth is then examined with a state-space model in which transitory and permanent components are extracted from measures of the loan-deposit spread and financial depth. The permanent components are modeled as independent random walks, with innovations in the permanent component of the spread exerting an influence on financial depth that cannot be attributed to its own permanent component. The maximum likelihood estimates, generated via the Kalman filter, indicate that one percentage point reductions in the spread are related to statistically significant increases of as much as 3.8% in the ratios of intermediary assets to GNP and reductions of as much as 6.4% in the ratios of bank capital to assets. The paper also presents evidence that available proxies for financial innovation are strongly related to spread fluctuations.
Do Orthopaedic Residency Programs Have the Least Time Between Invitation and Interview

Background The cost and stress of applying to residency programs are increasing. Planning for interviews with limited lead time can cause additional burden to residency applicants. Objective We sought to determine if the specialty of orthopaedics was affording the same lead time between interview invitation and interview dates as its surgical and medical counterparts. Methods Dates for the first interview invitation and last possible interview were gathered for each program in orthopaedic surgery, general surgery, otolaryngology, vascular surgery, plastic surgery, neurological surgery, internal medicine, psychiatry, pediatrics, and family medicine. Interview lead time was calculated for each specialty. Mann-Whitney U and independent sample Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for nonparametric data with P < .05 considered as significant. Results Orthopaedic surgery lead time is significantly different when compared individually and pairwise to other specialties (P < .05 for all comparisons), with a median lead time of 57 days. The next lowest lead time specialty is otolaryngology with a 70-day lead time. The specialty with the longest is pediatrics (median 106 days). Conclusions Residency programs (orthopaedic surgery in particular) vary widely in the amount of lead time given to schedule and attend interviews. The authors propose that interview invitations be extended into mid-October.
Missingness patterns in a comprehensive instrument identifying psychosocial and substance use risk in antenatal care.

BACKGROUND Psychosocial vulnerabilities (e.g. inadequate social support, financial insecurity, stress) and substance use elevate risks for adverse perinatal outcomes and maternal mental health morbidities. However, various barriers, including paucity of validated, simple and usable comprehensive instruments, impede execution of the recommendations to screen for such vulnerabilities in the first antenatal care visit. The current study presents findings from a newly implemented self-report tool created to overcome screening barriers in outpatient antenatal clinics. METHODS This was a retrospective chart-review of 904 women who completed the Profile for Maternal & Obstetric Treatment Effectiveness (PROMOTE) during their first antenatal visit between June and December 2019. The PROMOTE includes the 4-item NIDA Quick Screen and 15 additional items that each assess a different psychosocial vulnerability. Statistical analysis included evaluation of missing data, and exploration of missing data patterns using univariate correlations and hierarchical clustering. RESULTS Three quarters of women (70.0%) had no missing items. In the entire sample, all but four PROMOTE items (opioid use, planned pregnancy, educational level, and financial state) had < 5% missing values, suggesting good acceptability and feasibility. Several respondent-related characteristics such as lower education, less family support, and greater stress were associated with greater likelihood of missing items. Instrument-related characteristics associated with missing values were completing the PROMOTE in Spanish or question positioning at the end of the instrument. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Conducting a comprehensive screening of theoretically and clinically meaningful vulnerabilities in an outpatient setting is feasible. Study findings will inform modifications of the PROMOTE and subsequent digitisation.
Contraceptive pills and day-by-day feelings of well-being

Abstract Most women ingesting oral contraceptives do not notice feeling any different day by day because of the hormones they are receiving. A few feel better, and a few feel worse. These findings are consistent with those of Goldzieher and associates. Regardless of hormone ingestion, women tend to feel worse than usual prior to and during menstruation. This persistent pattern points out the complexity of the overt cyclicity of women and suggests that more research is indicated to determine whether or not, or to what extent, dysmenorrhea and premenstrual tension are dependent upon prior ovulation.
Is Contributory Negligence of Deceased a Defense to a Wrongful Death Action

TNDOUBTEDLY, the mere posing of this question will be a shock to most members of the California Bar, for, insofar as my research discloses, no member of the Bar has ever suggested to the Supreme Court or any Appellate Court an answer in the negative. Both the Supreme and Appellate Courts, in all their decisions since the enactment of Section 377 of the Code of Civil Procedure in 1872, have without discussion of the question or any analyzation of the section, assumed that the answer was in the affirmative.
Proton pump caught in the act.

How does a protein pump protons in only one direction? In his Perspective, Gennis explains how this occurs in bacteriorhodopsin, a membrane protein that pumps protons in response to light stimulation. A new structure by Luecke et al. on p. 255 shows that small changes in the conformation within bacteriorhodopson induced as a result of light absorption by retinal, are sufficient to change the pK9s of several key residues enough to promote the release of protons on one side of the membrane.
Development of a Lean Enterprise Transformation Maturity Model

The Lean Enterprise Self-Assessment Tool (LESAT) was developed by an industry/govern-ment/ academia team under the auspices of the Lean Aerospace Initiative (LAI) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2000 and 2001. Based upon a user needs determination, a Capability Maturity Model format was selected. The current version of LESAT, released in August 2001, is the result of a joint effort between the U.S. LAI and the United Kingdom LAI. Extensive field-testing in more than 20 companies in both countries demonstrated the tool's utility, effectiveness and ease of use. Further refinements are planned for the future.
Spatial and breeding relationships of the lizard, Anolis carolinensis : Evidence of intrasexual selection

1. We used continuous 8-day monitoring to document the spatial and mating relationships of free-ranging Anolis carolinensis lizards at each of seven habitat-delineated study sites. 2. We found a polygynous social structure, consisting of a male and 2-6 resident females (x = 3.3), on each site. 3. Spatially, both sexes utilized all available perch heights and diameters on the study sites (habitat generalists), though females tended to perch slightly higher and on significantly thinner substrata (x = 2.4 m, 3.4 em, respectively) than males (x = 2.3 m, 5.3 em, respectively). 4. Mean home range volume was eight fold greater for males (69 m3) than females (8 m3). Male home ranges were exclusive of other males (0% overlap), while neighboring female home range volumes overlapped an average of 18%. 5. Male snout-vent length (SVL) was positively correlated with male home range size (area, volume) and with number of resident females, but not with resident female SVL or resident female home range size. 6. Half of 397 male-female encounters led to close contacts in which males influenced courtship outcomes by: recognizing receptive and non-receptive females (differential display rate); bypassing 69% (85/123) of mating opportunities with receptive females; and copulating only when courtship was male-initiated. 7. Larger males (who also had larger territories and more females) courted less per female, but with longer duration, and had longer copulatory durations than smaller males. 8. Male frequency of copulation (x = once/1.4 days), however, had no correlates with measured variables; females were mated without bias to male or female attributes. 9. Male potential reproductive rate (PRR), estimated from the number of copulations with different females, positively correlated with male SVL. Female PRR, estimated from the inter-mating interval (i.e. the single-egg clutch interval), did not correlate with any measured male or female trait. 10. Our data, in concert with other field studies and A. carolinensis life history traits, document a polygynous mating system in which females seem to fit a 'no cost, neutral-mate-choice' model, and males (in response to sedentary, contiguously distributed females who clutch at weekly intervals over a 4-month period) employ territorial contests within an endurance rivalry as a prime mechanism for mate assortment.
Comparative genomic analysis of the Hsp70s from five diverse photosynthetic eukaryotes.

We have identified 24 members of the DnaK subfamily of heat shock 70 proteins (Hsp70s) in the complete genomes of 5 diverse photosynthetic eukaryotes. The Hsp70s are a ubiquitous protein family that is highly conserved across all domains of life. Eukaryotic Hsp70s are found in a number of subcellular compartments in the cell: cytoplasm, mitochondrion (MT), chloroplast (CP), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Although the Hsp70s have been the subject of intense study in model organisms, very little is known of the Hsp70s from early diverging photosynthetic lineages. The sequencing of the complete genomes of Thalassiosira pseudonana (a diatom), Cyanidioschyzon merolae (a red alga), and 3 green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Ostreococcus lucimarinus, Ostreococcus tauri) allow us to conduct comparative genomics of the Hsp70s present in these diverse photosynthetic eukaryotes. We have found that the distinct lineages of Hsp70s (MT, CP, ER, and cytoplasmic) each have different evolutionary histories. In general, evolutionary patterns of the mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum Hsp70s are relatively stable even among very distantly related organisms. This is not true of the chloroplast Hsp70s and we discuss the distinct evolutionary patterns between “green” and “red” plastids. Finally, we find that, in contrast to the angiosperms Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa that have numerous cytoplasmic Hsp70, the 5 algal species have only 1 cytoplasmic Hsp70 each. The evolutionary and functional implications of these differences are discussed.
THE GEOGRAPHY OF MASTODON EXTINCTION

(1974). THE GEOGRAPHY OF MASTODON EXTINCTION. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 425-429.
Radiation effects on nuclear waste storage materials

Abstract Three aspects of radiation effects regarding the repository storage of nuclear waste materials are discussed. The effects of self-radiation damage result in swelling and enhanced leaching of the host material for the radioactive wastes. The effects are minimal in glasses but more pronounced in crystalline waste forms. Groundwaters exposed to radiation will, as a result of radiolysis, form free radicals and molecular species that can alter the repository environment and, under certain conditions, may enhance the release of radionuclides from the repository. In a salt repository, gamma radiation can lead to the formation of colloidal sodium metal and free chlorine in the crystalline salt, which may also alter the repository environment upon dissolution.
Inhibitory effects of cordycepin on cyclic nucleotide-dependent and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinases

Abstract The in vitro effect of cordydepin was tested using various protein kinase preparations. These included cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (A-PK) from bovine heart, cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (G-PK) from fetal guinea pig lung, and two cyclic nucleotide-independent nuclear protein kinases (PK-I and PK-II) prepared from rat hepatoma 3924A and rat liver. The 50 per cent inhibitory concentrations ( id 50) of cordycepin for A-PK and G-PK ranged from 1.5–5.0 × 10−4M and 2.5–8.0 × 10−4 M, respectively, depending on the presence or absence of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in the assay. The id 50 of cordycepin with either hepatoma 3924A or rat liver PK-I and PK-II was 4.5 × 10−5 M and 1.0 × 10−3 M. respectively. The inhibitory effect of cordycepin was competitive with respect to ATP in all cases. The K{m} for ATP was increased 3-fold and 5-fold by 5 × 10−4 M cordycepin for G-PK and A-PK, respectively, while the Km for ATP was increased 10-fold and 4-fold by 1 × 10−3 M cordycepin for PK-I and PK-II, respectively.
Differential Role of PKA Catalytic Subunits in Mediating Phenotypes Caused by Knockout of the Carney Complex Gene Prkar1a

The Carney complex is an inherited tumor predisposition caused by activation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase [protein kinase A (PKA)] resulting from mutation of the PKA-regulatory subunit gene PRKAR1A. Myxomas and tumors in cAMP-responsive tissues are cardinal features of this syndrome, which is unsurprising given the important role played by PKA in modulating cell growth and function. Previous studies demonstrated that cardiac-specific knockout of Prkar1a causes embryonic heart failure and myxomatous degeneration in the heart, whereas limited Schwann cell-specific knockout of the gene causes schwannoma formation. In this study, we sought to determine the role of PKA activation in this phenotype by using genetic means to reduce PKA enzymatic activity. To accomplish this goal, we introduced null alleles of the PKA catalytic subunits Prkaca (Ca) or Prkacb (Cb) into the Prkar1a-cardiac knockout (R1a-CKO) or limited Schwann cell knockout (R1a-TEC3KO) line. Heterozygosity for Prkaca rescued the embryonic lethality of the R1a-CKO, although mice had a shorter than normal lifespan and died from cardiac failure with atrial thrombosis. In contrast, heterozygosity for Prkacb only enabled the mice to survive 1 extra day during embryogenesis. Biochemical analysis indicated that reduction of Ca markedly reduced PKA activity in embryonic hearts, whereas reduction of Cb had minimal effects. In R1a-TEC3KO mice, tumorigenesis was completely suppressed by a heterozygosity for Prkaca, and by more than 80% by heterozygosity for Prkacb. These data suggest that both developmental and tumor phenotypes caused by Prkar1a mutation result from excess PKA activity due to PKA-Ca.
Holocene climatic instability: A prominent, widespread event 8200 yr ago

The most prominent Holocene climatic event in Greenland ice-core proxies, with approximately half the amplitude of the Younger Dryas, occurred ∼8000 to 8400 yr ago. This Holocene event affected regions well beyond the North Atlantic basin, as shown by synchronous increases in windblown chemical indicators together with a significant decrease in methane. Widespread proxy records from the tropics to the north polar regions show a short-lived cool, dry, or windy event of similar age. The spatial pattern of terrestrial and marine changes is similar to that of the Younger Dryas event, suggesting a role for North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Possible forcings identified thus far for this Holocene event are small, consistent with recent model results indicating high sensitivity and strong linkages in the climatic system.
Further behavioral evidence that colorectal distension is a 'noxious' visceral stimulus in rats.

Abstract ‘Noxious’ stimuli are pain-producing stimuli and have been traditionally defined as tissue damaging. This definition is not valid for visceral stimuli. Hence, behavioral definitions are needed. Awake, unanesthetized rats learned to passively avoid colorectal distension. The rate of acquisition increased as a function of the distending pressure. Two manipulations, intrathecal morphine and neonatal treatment with capsaicin, attenuated acquisition of avoidance behavior whereas the production of colorectal inflammation using turpentine enhanced acquisition of this behavior. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that aversion to the stimulus is due to the ‘noxious’ nature of the stimulus.
Leishmania braziliensis: Effects of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Pasteurella multocida) on the developing cutaneous leishmaniasis lesion in the golden hamster

Abstract Experimentally induced lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis and the effect of concurrent bacterial infection on the development of these lesions were studied in the golden hamster. Male outbred golden hamsters received intradermal injections at the base of the tail with approximately 10 7 promastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis panamensis , or promastigotes combined with Staphylococcus aureus or Pasteurella multocida or both, bacteria only, or sterile Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEME). The size of the resulting lesions was measured at least twice each week. Hamsters were killed at postinoculation Days 6, 13, 20, 27, 41, or 48, and each lesion was measured, aseptically excised, and bisected; half was used for bacteriologic culture and the other half was prepared for light microscopic examination. Lesions resulting from L. b. panamensis alone progressed from initial erythema to a granulomatous nodule and finally to a necrotic granuloma, often capped by a crateriform ulcer. Lesions resulting from a suspension of L. b. panamensis with added S. aureus or S. aureus and P. multocida , were initially larger, more erythemic and contained a greater proportion of neutrophils up to postinoculation Days 14–21 than did lesions resulting from L. b. panamensis alone. Concurrent infections with bacteria such as S. aureus and P. multocida had little effect on the development of ulcerating characteristics of lesions, but when S. aureus was present it appeared to enhance the severity of the early lesions. Between postinoculation Days 14–28, lesions produced by L. b. panamensis , with or without added bacteria had similar developmental progression of sufficient size for optimal testing of antileishmanial compounds.
A climatically responsive tree-ring record from Widdringtonia cedarbergensis , Cape Province, South Africa

The use of dated tree-ring series to reconstruct past climate has received much attention in recent years1,2. The development of long and climatically responsive chronologies in many areas of the Southern Hemisphere is an important step towards better understanding past environments in these areas3,4, but little dendrochronologically related work of any sort has been done on the African continent5–11, and most of this has consisted primarily of ring counts to estimate ages. We report here on the development and climatic interpretation of the first dated annual ring-width index chronology from Africa south of the Sahara.
MicroRNA Signature Distinguishes the Degree of Aggressiveness of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Background Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has relatively indolent behavior, although some tumors recur and disseminate to distant sites. The aggressive biological behavior of PTC is difficult to predict. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated in various tumors types, and some of them serve as markers of poor prognosis. In this study, we evaluated miRNA expression as a marker of more aggressive behavior in PTC.
Measurement of solute fluxes in isolated rat lungs

Most previous studies in isolated perfused lungs have utilized measurements of solute flow from alveolar to vascular space to characterize the barrier and transport properties of the alveolar epithelium. In this study, we measured flux of a series of nonionic hydrophilic solutes and sodium across the alveolar epithelium of the isolated rat lung from perfusate to airspace (P-->A), as well as from airspace to perfusate (A-->P). Apparent permeability-surface area products (PS) were calculated from the rates of isotope appearance downstream in either the airspace or the perfusate. Equivalent pore analysis of data for P-->A solute flow demonstrated a small pore population with radius 0.6 nm occupying 85% of the total pore area and a large pore population with radius 3.8 nm occupying 15% of the total area. Similar analysis of A-->P solute flux demonstrated a small pore population of 0.6 nm occupying 86% of the total pore area and a large pore population with radius 2.9 nm occupying 14% of total pore area. The ratio (R) of PSP-->A divided by PSA-->P was 0.8 for the nonionic hydrophilic solutes, while R for sodium was 0.5. In the presence of amiloride and ouabain, R for sucrose was unchanged while R for sodium increased to 0.8 due to a fall in PSA-->P. The difference between R for sodium and R for the passively transported solutes, and the reduction in this difference in the presence of sodium transport inhibitors, are consistent with active sodium reabsorption by the intact alveolar epithelium. Differences in measured unidirectional passive solute fluxes probably result from unequal effective surface areas for diffusion from vascular space to airspace and vice versa in the anatomically complex mammalian lung.
Global Color Is Not Always Defined

Far away from a fundamental magnetic monopole of the SU(5) grand unified theory, the full theory reduces to one whose gauge group is unbroken SU(3) \ensuremath{\bigotimes} U(1). The algebra of generators of smooth gauge transformations in this unbroken theory, however, will not in general contain any subalgebra isomorphic to su(3). This means that global color rotations are not always defined. The resulting inability to classify semiclassical dyon states by their color climinates an apparent paradox related to the vacuum angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$.
New Perspective on Oil and Gas Separator Performance (includes associated papers 26945 and 26947 )

This paper presents an improved method of predicting gas capacities of horizontal separators that properly accounts for the effects of the L/d ratio and the depth of the gas/oil interface. A theoretical basis for calculating oil capacities also is presented. Equations are developed for calculating optimum proportions with either gas or oil capacity governs equipment selection.
Novel wide-field-of-view laser retroreflector for the Space Interferometry Mission

A new type of laser retroreflector has been developed for JPL's future Space Interferometry Mission. The retroreflector consists of an assembly of prisms of form multiple hollow cornercubes. This allows the limited field of view of about 60 degrees of a single corner can be overcome, to comply with the geometry of an optical truss. In addition, an innovative feature is that the retroreflector has common vertices, in order to define a single point optical fiducial necessary for point-to-point 3D laser metrology. The multiple cornercube provides better thermal stability and optical performance than spherical and hemispherical type retroreflectors. In manufacturing the prototype, the key technology of assembling prisms to the interferometric accuracy has been demonstrated. A non common vertex error of a few micrometers has been achieved.
Cataclysm: policing extreme overloads in internet applications

In this paper we present the Cataclysm server platform for handling extreme overloads in hosted Internet applications. The primary contribution of our work is to develop a low overhead, highly scalable admission control technique for Internet applications. Cataclysm provides several desirable features, such as guarantees on response time by conducting accurate size-based admission control, revenue maximization at multiple time-scales via preferential admission of important requests and dynamic capacity provisioning, and the ability to be operational even under extreme overloads. Cataclysm can transparently trade-off the accuracy of its decision making with the intensity of the workload allowing it to handle incoming rates of several tens of thousands of requests/second. We implement a prototype Cataclysm hosting platform on a Linux cluster and demonstrate the benefits of our integrated approach using a variety of workloads.
On the origin of eye movement desensitization

Francine Shapiro, the founder of eye movement desensitization therapy (EMD) claims to have serendipitously discovered this technique by experiencing spontaneous saccadic eye movements in response to disturbing thoughts during a walk in the woods. This explanation is difficult to accept because normal saccadic eye movements appear to be physiologically undetectable and are typically triggered by external stimuli. In the present limited study, all subjects failed to elicit any experience of eye movements, thus calling into question how best to interpret Dr. Shapiro's experience and the origin of EMD.
Effect of Post-Mold Curing of Epoxy Molding Compound on Wirebond Reliability in a MOSFET

Automotive microelectronic packages experience severe thermal stresses that occasionally cause components and electrical interconnection damage. In tins field of application high reliability is of decisive importance, especially for aluminum wire bonds with diameters of the order of 125 mum, connecting the silicon device with the output pins. Silica filled epoxy resins as encapsulation in chip packages play a major influence on reliability and functionality of microelectronic devices. The paper intends to help understand the reliability of Aluminum wirebonds inside a leaded electronic package like Power MOSFET (metal oxide silicon field effect transistor) under the influence of post-mold curing (PMC) on thermo-mechanical properties of the mold material, like glass transition temperature (Tg), coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) and flexural moduli. Experimental validation indicates an electrical open gate in the specimen caused due to delamination of gate bond wire (SAT and SEM images) near the leadframe bonding post under power thermal cycling from -40C to 125C. Finite element modeling is used to simulate the stresses the package goes through during reliability tests. The FE model consists of the entire MOSFET package including the lead frame, over mold, chip, substrate. Al wire loops and corresponding bond pads. The simulation considering thermal mismatch predicts high in-plane shear forces at the heel of the wire bond supported by the empirical test results. Optimum values of thermo-mechanical properties having a combination of low CTE and high E value at a higher Tg (obtained by increased PMC duration), recommended to ensure reliability of wire bond. Further, results show evidence of higher variation of in-plane shear force on the wire bond with change in CTE as compared to E. Results derived from numerical simulation and experimental data is used to serve as a guideline in the selection of suitable molding compound.
Distorted-wave amplitudes, distorted-wave Born approximation, and self-energies in the Fock-Tani theory of rearrangement collisions

In the Fock-Tani representation for rearrangement collisions, the interaction Hamiltonian decomposes into terms representing interactions within each arrangement channel and channel-changing rearrangement interactions. The two-potential formalism is used to cast transition amplitudes into a distorted-wave form in which in-channel interactions are treated exactly and interchannel transitions in finite order, thus separating initial- and final-state interactions from rearrangements. Self-energies arising from infinite-order summations of selected interchannel transitions are also considered and illustrated by shifts and broadenings of scattering and reaction resonances.
The school psychologist in a non-school setting

Abstract School psychologists may be found in non-school settings which allow them to use training and experience gained in a school psychology doctoral program. This article briefly describes one such setting and emphasizes the need in multidisciplinary clinics for more psychologists with this training, since it enables them to make unique contributions to education, interdisciplinary communication, clinical diagnoses, and research. Children's clinics need a person who is knowledgeable in both education and psychology and who is trained to work effectively with other disciplines.
Electronic and level statistics properties of Si/SiO2 quantum dots

Abstract Spherical shaped Si quantum dots (QDs) embedded into the SiO2 substrate are considered in the single sub-band effective mass approach. Electron and heavy hole sub-bands are taken into account. Non-parabolicity of the Si conduction band is described by the energy dependence of electron effective mass. Calculations of low-lying single electron and hole energy levels are performed. For small QDs (diameter D≤6 nm) there is a strong confinement regime when the number of energy levels is restricted to several levels. First order of the perturbation theory is used to calculate neutral exciton recombination energy taking into account the Coulomb force between electron and heavy hole. The PL exciton data are reproduced well by our model calculations. We also compare the results with those obtained with the model used in [2] (Moskalenko et al., 2007). For the weak confinement regime (size D≥10 nm), when the number of confinement levels is limited by several hundred, we considered the statistical properties of the electron confinement. Distribution function for the electron energy levels is calculated and results are discussed.
Coupling Discrete-Element Method and Computation Fluid Mechanics to Simulate Aggregates Heating in Asphalt Plants

AbstractLowering production temperature in warm mix asphalt technology may lead to inadequate drying of aggregates, which results in moisture stripping of pavement. Because of the difficulty in direct observation of drying and heating aggregates inside the dryer, numerical analysis offers an alternative way to study heat transfer and aggregate temperature revolution. In this paper, coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) and the discrete-element method (DEM) are used to simulate aggregate movement and heat transfer in a simple drum. The effects of aggregate size, drum rotation speed, flights, and fluid temperature on aggregate temperature evolution and heating efficiency are studied. The results show that a coupled CFD-DEM technique is an appropriate approach to study aggregate movement and temperature evolutions in the drum directly. Small particles can be heated more easily than large particles. Optimum drum rotation speed and inner flights could improve heating efficiency. In addition, higher fluid...
Inhibiting B-cell receptor signaling pathways in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is a central pathologic mechanism in B-cell malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), in which it promotes leukemia cell survival and proliferation, and modulates CLL cell migration and tissue homing. BCR signaling now can be targeted with new, small molecule inhibitors of the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk), or phosphoinositide 3′-kinase (PI3K) isoform p110δ (PI3Kδ), which have recently entered the clinical stage and show promising results in patients with CLL. During the first weeks of therapy, these agents characteristically induce rapid resolution of lymphadenopathy and organomegaly, accompanied by a transient surge in lymphocyte counts due to “mobilization” of tissue-resident CLL cells into the blood. Then, often after months of continuous therapy, a major proportion of patients achieve remissions. This article reviews key biologic aspects of BCR-associated kinases in CLL and other B cell neoplasias, and develops perspectives for future development of this exciting new class of kinase inhibitors.
A method for determining dislocation Burgers' vectors in ice

It is shown that the usual method of Burgers' vector analysis in the Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) using invisibility criteria is unlikely to succeed for ice. A method is outlined using a novel application of computer-simulated imaging which can be used to perform such an analysis.
Planning for Sustainable Urban Development Using Alternative Energy Solutions

ABSTRACT The concept of sustainable development has recently generated significant attention within urban governments. What is sustainable development? What aspects of “sustainable development” agendas have implications for urban areas and for planning? Can energy conservation and energy efficiency be tools to implement sustainable activities in urban areas? By what means might they be achieved? There is an active debate concerning the role of sustainable development as an overarching guide to urban planning. What examples are there of urban areas that are using sustainable development concepts to reduce energy usage? This article considers the definitions of urban sustainability, explains the origins of sustainable development, and explores the view that urban sustainability may indeed provide a theoretical base for urban development. Sustainable urban development will be discussed and considered as an emerging theory for urban development. In addition, this article will explore sustainable development a...
Transformative Learning Opportunities Help Prepare Students for Their Future Careers

A large percentage of the mechanical engineering students at the University of North Florida have been extensively exposed to transformative learning opportunities over the past five years. Through collaborative efforts with local industry and other institutions, the students have had the opportunity to utilize their engineering knowledge in real-world applications. Students engaged in these projects have improved several of their technical skills in, for example, computer-aided engineering, design, mechanical testing, and analysis. Nontechnical objectives of these projects include improving communication skills, learning how an engineering firm functions, and learning how to research relevant data. Technical and non-technical objectives were met by students working on engineering projects sponsored by partnering collaborators. The collaborators defined the engineering project and the students, under the supervision of faculty, carried out the project tasks. This paper discusses a number of different transformative learning opportunities for students; it discusses the educational objectives and skills developed for each project, and it describes how the students are better prepared for their future careers through their involvement with the program. Many of the students have found rewarding engineering careers and a few have continued to pursue graduate degrees. Furthermore, the paper discusses how the efforts of this program are aligned with the mission of the University in that it heavily emphasizes transformational learning opportunities for the whole university community.© 2009 ASME
Paired-associate recall following a distractor task: Initial and second choice performance☆

Abstract Lists of nine stimulus-response pairs were presented, each followed by 0, 5, or 15 sec of an interpolated mathematics task. Following the interpolated task one of the pairs of the list was tested for recall. If an incorrect response was made, a second response was required. Only one item was tested from each list. The interpolated mathematics task sharply depressed recall of recently presented pairs but had no effect on items presented earlier in the list. The probability of a correct second response following an initial error showed no effect of the interpolated task. These results are interpreted as favorable to a short-term, long-term dichotomy of memory, and a model is fit to the data.
Cryosurgical ablation of the prostate

Cryosurgical ablation of the prostate is a technique that has been enhanced by recent technological advances such as transrectal ultrasonography and fiber optics. Preliminary information suggests that it can be performed safely with less morbidity than the literature previously records. Our preliminary results consist of six patients. No complications have been noted in eight cases (2 patients were done twice). Prostatic biopsy on two of the three patients who could be evaluated show no evidence of cancer. All six showed histologically© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Cold rolling of polymers. 1 Influence of rolling on properties of amorphous polymer

Strips of ductile, amorphous thermoplastic polymers such as polycarbonates, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrenes, polysulfones and polyphenylene oxides have been reduced in thickness by passing them through a metalworking rolling mill at room temperature. Properties of the rolled strips were studied as a function of the thickness reduction. In addition to rolling unidirectionally, cross rolling (biaxial rolling) was also studied using equal thickness reductions in each direction. The maximum thickness reduction (to — tf)100/to which could be achieved was approximately 60 per cent regardless of the polymer studied here. Stress-strain curves, density changes, thermal stability, hardness and Izod impact strengths have been determined as a function of thickness reduction and sheet direction.
Simultaneous determination of P and N in human tissue by 14 MeV neutron activation analysis

A simple 14 MeV neutron activation procedure for the simultaneous determination of P and N in human tissue has been developed. Paired 12.7 × 12.7 cm NaI(Tl) detectors were used for γ-ray detection. A coincidence counting system was used to monitor annihilation radiation from 13 N, and a dual sum-invert amplifier and MCA were used to count the 28 Al γ-ray from P. NBS SRM 1577 (Bovine Liver) was chosen as the primary standard for both determinations. For replicate runs, the observed standard deviation of the specific activities for standard samples is typically ±3%, relative.
Observation of a missing state in 17F

Abstract A state at 5.18 ± 0.02 MeV in 17F has been observed with the 17N(τ, n)17F reaction, thereby completely matching the (mirror) states of 17O and 17F through thefirst tweleve levels (up to 6.0 MeV excitation energy).
Analytical modeling and architectural modifications of a dataflow computer

Dataflow computers are an alternative to the von Neumann architectures and are capable of exploiting large amount of parallelism inherent in many computer applications. This paper deals with the performance analysis of the Manchester dataflow computer based on queueing network models. The model of the dataflow computer has been validated by comparing the analytical results with those obtained from the prototype Manchester dataflow computer. The bottleneck centers in the prototype machine have been identified through the model and various architectural modifications have been investigated both from performance and reliability viewpoints.
Distribution of dysplasias and early invasive carcinoma in Barrett's esophagus

To assess the anatomic relationships between areas of dysplasia and "early" carcinoma, we evaluated histologically the entire mucosal surfaces of seven esophagectomy specimens resected for high-grade dysplasia or early invasive (intramucosal and submucosal) carcinoma. We developed surface area maps and assessed the various degrees of dysplasia or carcinoma at 10 equidistant points. Our analysis shows an equal likelihood of high-grade dysplasia and/or early invasive carcinoma occurring throughout the length of Barrett's epithelium. Foci of carcinoma appear within fields of Barrett's epithelium and adjacent to areas of dysplasia, supporting a dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. The amount of dysplastic epithelium appears related to the surface area of Barrett's epithelium present. However, we found no association between the extent of dysplasia and the likelihood of finding carcinoma. This study supports the current standard of practice for clinical surveillance of patients with Barrett's esophagus by uniformly distributed endoscopic biopsy of the complete length. In addition, the presence of any degree of dysplasia may be an indication for close clinical follow-up.
Use of vascular explants for ex vivo neovascularization of biomaterials.

Abstract Biomaterial polymers have been proposed as scaffolds for cell assembly in vascular bioengineering. We describe here a new method for the neovascularization of polyurethane meshes from explants of rat aorta. Aortic rings embedded in collagen-permeated polyurethane meshes and cultured in medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum and vascular endothelial growth factor generated florid microvascular outgrowths that efficiently vascularized the available spaces between polyurethane fibers. The neovessels could be identified in the live cultures by phase-contrast microscopy, and in formalin-fixed preparations by the ABC peroxidase procedure, using the endothelial-specific Griffonia isolectin B4. The aortic outgrowths were successfully labeled with the intravital fluorescent dyes Calcein AM or SPDiOC 18 , which are notoxic and can be used for tracking studies. This study shows that artificial biomaterial meshes can be colonized ex vivo with histotypic microvascular networks, and provides the proof of concept for the future development of stably vascularized devices for in vivo implantation.
Fast ionic conductivity in lithium nitride

Analysis of the frequency dependence of ac measurements with ionically-blocking electrodes, as well as transmission electron microscopic observations have enabled the transcrystalline and intercrystalline resistances of polycrystalline Li3N to be separately evaluated. At 25°C the transcrystalline ionic conductivity is 6.6×10−4 (ohm cm)−1 and the activation enthalpy is 24.1 kJ/mole. The intercrystalline conductivity has an activation enthalpy of 68.5 kJ/mole, and its magnitude varies with thermal history. By optimized thermal treatment, the microstructure can be controlled so the bulk conductivity becomes approximately equal to that for transport in the fast direction in this very anisotropic structure.
A phase I study to assess the feasibility and oncologic safety of axillary reverse mapping in breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Axillary reverse mapping (ARM) is a novel technique to preserve upper extremity lymphatics that may reduce the incidence of lymphedema after axillary lymph node dissection. Early reports have suggested that ARM lymph nodes do not contain metastatic disease from breast cancer; however, these studies were conducted in early stage patients with low likelihood of lymph node metastasis. This study reported a phase 1 trial conducted in patients with cytologically documented axillary metastasis undergoing axillary lymph node dissection to determine the feasibility and oncologic safety of ARM. METHODS: Thirty patients, 23 (77%) of whom received preoperative therapy (chemotherapy in 22 patients and hormonal therapy in 1 patient), were enrolled. Blue dye was injected in the upper inner ipsilateral arm. The presence of blue lymphatics was noted, and blue lymph nodes were sent separately for pathologic evaluation. RESULTS: The average time between blue dye injection and axillary exposure was 35 minutes (range, 15-60 minutes). Blue lymphatics were identified in 21 patients (70%) and blue lymph nodes in 15 patients (50%). The median number of ARM lymph nodes was 1 (range, 0-3 lymph nodes) and the median number of axillary lymph nodes was 26 (range, 6-47 lymph nodes). Axillary metastases were noted in 60% (18 of 30) of patients. Of 11 patients who had axillary metastasis and at least 1 ARM lymph node identified, 2 (18%) had metastasis to the ARM lymph node. CONCLUSIONS: ARM appears to be a feasible technique with which to identify upper arm lymphatics during axillary surgery. However, the high prevalence of disease involving ARM lymph nodes in this small cohort suggested that preservation of these lymphatics is not oncologically safe in women with documented axillary lymph node metastasis from breast cancer. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Products of complic cosquares and pseudo-involutory matrices

LetF be a field with (nontrivial) involution (i.e.F-conjugation). A nonsingular matrix Aover Fis called a complic F-cosquare provided A=S ∗-1for some matrix Sover Fand is called p.i. (pseudo-involutory) provided A=A-1 It is shown that Ais a complic F-cosquare iff Ais the product of two p.i. matrices over Fand that det (A A)=1 iff Ais the product of two complic F-cosquares (hence iff A is the product of four p.i. matrices over F). It is conjectured that, except for one obvious case (2 x 2 matrices over the field of order 2), every unimodular matrix A over an arbitrary field Fis a product S 1 ST:1T with S1 and Tover FThis conjecture is proved for matricesAof order 3.