cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FDA Approval Summary: Crizotinib for the Treatment of Metastatic Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer With Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Rearrangements

On August 26, 2011, crizotinib received accelerated approval for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that is ALK-positive as detected by a test approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Approval was based on two single-arm trials demonstrating objective response rates (ORRs) of 50% and 61% and median response durations of 42 and 48 weeks. On November 20, 2013, crizotinib received regular approval based on confirmation of clinical benefit in study A8081007, a randomized trial in 347 patients with ALK-positive advanced NSCLC who had previously received one platinum-containing regimen. Patients were assigned (1:1) to receive crizotinib 250 mg orally twice daily or standard of care (docetaxel or pemetrexed). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) determined by independent radiology review; secondary endpoints were ORR and overall survival (OS). PFS was significantly longer in the crizotinib arm, with median PFS of 7.7 and 3.0 months in the crizotinib and chemotherapy arms, respectively, and a 46% absolute increase in ORR but no difference in OS between treatment arms at the interim analysis. The most common adverse drug reactions (>25%) in crizotinib-treated patients were vision disorders, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, edema, elevated transaminases, and fatigue. The most serious toxicities of crizotinib were hepatotoxicity, interstitial lung disease or pneumonitis, and QT-interval prolongation. Crizotinib’s rapid clinical development program (6 years from identification of ALK rearrangements in a subset of NSCLC to full FDA approval) is a model of efficient drug development in this new era of molecularly targeted oncology therapy.
Analysis of extracted and volatile components in blackstrap molasses feed as candidate house fly attractants

House flies are a ubiquitous insect that have the potential to spread many diseases to humans and livestock. Managing house fly populations is accomplished by having desirable baits, traps, and killing agents. Most house fly baits are designed for outdoor use or limited indoor use, and have a foul odor that is not conducive to food preparatory and dining areas. Blackstrap molasses has long been used as a house fly bait, but it is sticky and viscous, making it difficult to handle. This study sought to identify compounds present in blackstrap molasses that might be attractive to house flies, and therefore, provide the public with an indoor bait that does not have an offensive smell and is easy to handle. Indoor bioassays with house flies using 50% blackstrap molasses diluted in deionized water, a hexane extract of blackstrap molasses, and deionized water, elicited 86.2%, 70.6%, and 13.8% responses, respectively. Hexane and diethyl ether extracts of blackstrap molasses produced a large number of compounds with widely differing organic structures including substituted phenols, nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles, carboxylic acids, and many other organic compounds.
Stepwise abstractions of workflow systems using Petri net morphisms

In this paper we study the application of Petri net morphism to the development of complex concurrent systems, in particular workflow systems. First, we define several versions of Petri net morphisms. Secondly, we present an example of an online shopping system with stepwise abstraction using Petri net morphisms. Our development approach is bottom up.
The association between parental bonding and obsessive compulsive disorder in offspring at high familial risk

Abstract Background The aim of the current study is to estimate the association between parenting factors derived from the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and a lifetime DSM-IV diagnosis of OCD. Method Data were from approximately 1200 adults from 465 families assessed as part of a large family and genetic study of OCD. The association of three parenting factors, for fathers and mothers, with offspring OCD status were examined; analyses were stratified by parental OCD status and family loading for OCD (multiplex versus sporadic). Results Three factors were derived by principal components factor analysis of the PBI (maternal and paternal care, overprotection and control). Maternal overprotection was associated with OCD in offspring with familial OCD (familial cases) but only if neither parent was affected with OCD, which suggests independent but additive environmental and genetic risk (OR = 5.9, 95% CI 1.2, 29.9, p = 0.031). Paternal care was a protective factor in those not at high genetic risk (sporadic cases) (OR = 0.2, 95% CI 0.0, 0.8, p = 0.027). Maternal overprotection was also associated with offspring OCD in sporadic families (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.3, 6.6, p = 0.012). The finding that parental overprotection and care were not associated with offspring OCD when at least one parent had OCD addressed directly the hypothesis of maternal or paternal OCD adversely impacting parenting. Conclusions This study provides evidence that aspects of parenting may contribute to the development of OCD among offspring. Prospective studies of children at risk for OCD are needed to explore the direction of causality.
Electrokinetic concentration enrichment within a microfluidic device using a hydrogel microplug

A simple and efficient approach for concentration of charged molecules in microfluidic devices is described. The functional component of the system is a hydrogel microplug photopolymerized within the main channel of a microfluidic device. When an appropriately biased voltage is applied across the hydrogel, charged analyte molecules move from the source well toward the hydrogel. Transport of the analyte through the hydrogel is slow compared to its velocity in the microfluidic channel, however, and therefore it concentrates at the hydrogel/solution interface. For an uncharged hydrogel, a bias of 100 V leads to a ∼500-fold enrichment of the DNA concentration within 150 s, while the same conditions result in an enrichment of only 50-fold for fluorescein. Somewhat lower enrichment factors are observed when a negatively charged hydrogel is used. A qualitative model is proposed to account for the observed behavior.
Using substrate-binding variants of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase to identify novel targets and a kinase domain important for substrate interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Protein kinases mediate much of the signal transduction in eukaryotic cells and defects in kinase function are associated with a variety of human diseases. To understand and correct these defects, we will need to identify the physiologically relevant substrates of these enzymes. The work presented here describes a novel approach to this identification process for the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This approach takes advantage of two catalytically inactive PKA variants, Tpk1K336A/H338A and Tpk1R324A, that exhibit a stable binding to their substrates. Most protein kinases, including the wild-type PKA, associate with substrates with a relatively low affinity. The binding observed here was specific to substrates and was dependent upon PKA residues known to be important for interactions with peptide substrates. The general utility of this approach was demonstrated by the ability to identify both previously described and novel PKA substrates in S. cerevisiae. Interestingly, the positions of the residues altered in these variants implicated a particular region within the PKA kinase domain, corresponding to subdomain XI, in the binding and/or release of protein substrates. Moreover, the high conservation of the residues altered and, in particular, the invariant nature of the R324 position suggest that this approach might be generally applicable to other protein kinases.
Misconceptions about strength exercise among older adults.

The purposes of this study were to determine current opinions of strength exercise among older adults and whether knowledge of recommended protocols differs between strength-exercise participants and nonparticipants. One hundred twenty-nine older adults (77.5 ± 8.6 years) responded to questions about their opinions, experiences, and knowledge of strength-exercise recommendations. Some misconceptions were identified in the sample, with 48.4% of participants responding “no” to “strength training increases muscle mass,” 45% responding “no” to “increasing weight is more important than number of repetitions for building strength,” and 37% responding that walking is more effective than lifting weights at building muscle strength. The number of correct responses was related to the number of years in school (semipartial r2 = .046). More education is needed about the benefits and recommendations to ensure proper use of current strength-exercise protocols among older adults.
Defect engineering in semiconductors through adsorption and photoexcitation

Engineering of point defects semiconductors is important for a variety of applications, including ion implantation/annealing technology and crystal growth. We have developed two new new approaches to controlling point defect behavior - via the surface and photoexcitation. For example, the degree of chemical bond saturation at surfaces can affect dopant activation and transient enhanced diffusion (TED) in silicon during annealing for ultrashallow junction formation. Point defect such as interstitial atoms can add more easily to unsaturated dangling bonds than to saturated ones. Thus, maintaining an atomically clean surface during annealing greatly increases the annihilation probability. Simulations for boron and experiments for arsenic show that this effect leads to large and simultaneous improvements in dopant activation and TED. We also show that for diffusion rates of arsenic and silicon isotopes are increased nonthermally by more than an order of magnitude for modest illumination intensities of 0.7 W/cm2. Such effects are important in rapid thermal annealing technologies
Some observations about the near zone electric field of a Hertzian dipole above a lossy earth

In some recent publications, King (1990, 1992) and King and Sandler (1994) have provided formulas for the electromagnetic field radiated by an infinitesimal vertical Hertzian dipole above a lossy homogeneous half space (earth) and above a lossy half space coated by a thin dielectric layer. Several authors have questioned the accuracy of the King-Sandler formulas, particularly for field points close to the dipole (Yokoyama (1995), Wait (1996), Mahmoud (1999)). The authors have responded to these critiques by asserting that their formulas are accurate subject only to the restriction that the magnitude of the relative permittivity of the lossy half space is greater than 9. The principal results they obtain are that the near zone fields are independent of the electrical parameters of either the coating or the homogeneous half space. In this communication we provide some results obtained from a numerical evaluation of the exact integral for the near zone axial electric field along with numerical results obtained from an evaluation of the approximate integral used by King and Sandler. The King-Sandler formulas show that there is no contribution to the near zone axial electric field from a term they called the surface wave field. Our numerical evaluations show that this is not the case, in actual fact the surface wave term makes a significant contribution to the near zone axial electric field. We also present a quasistatic analysis that provides an alternative formula for calculating the near zone field. Our analysis supports the conclusions reached by Wait and Mahmoud.
A Parameterization of Heterogeneous Land Surfaces for Atmospheric Numerical Models and Its Impact on Regional Meteorology

Abstract Natural land surfaces are usually heterogeneous over the resolvable scales considered in atmospheric numerical models. Therefore, model surface parameterizations that assume surface homogeneity may fail to represent the surface forcing accurately. In this paper, a parameterization of the subgrid-scale forcing of heterogeneous land surfaces for atmospheric numerical models is suggested. In each surface grid element of the numerical model similar homogeneous land patches located at different places within the element are regrouped into subgrid classes. Then, for each one of the subgrid classes, a sophisticated micrometeorological model of the soil-plant-atmosphere system is applied to assess the surface temperature, humidity, and fluxes to the atmosphere. The global fluxes of energy between the grid and the atmosphere are obtained by averaging according to the distribution of the subgrid classes. In addition to the surface forcing, detailed micrometeorological conditions of the patches are assessed...
Field-effect induced tunability in hyperbolic metamaterials

We demonstrate that use of the field effect enables tuning of the effective optical parameters of a layered hyperbolic metamaterial at optical frequencies. Field-effect gating electrically modulates the permittivity in transparent conductive oxides via changes in the carrier density. These permittivity changes lead to active modulation of the effective electromagnetic parameters along with active control of the anisotropic dispersion surface of hyperbolic metamaterials and enable the opening and closing of photonic band gaps. Tunability of the effective electric permittivity and magnetic permeability also leads to topological transitions in the optical dispersion characteristics.
Distance-dependent energy transfer between CdSe/CdS quantum dots and a two- dimensional semiconductor

Atomically thin semiconductors, such as the transition metal dichalcogenides, show great potential for nanoscale photodetection, energy harvesting, and nanophotonics. Here, we investigate the efficiency of energy transfer between colloidal quantum dots with a cadmium selenide core and cadmium sulfide shell and monolayer molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2). We show that MoSe2 effectively quenches the fluorescence of quantum dots when the two materials are in contact. We then separate the MoSe2 and quantum dots by inserting variable thickness hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) spacers and show that the efficiency at which the MoSe2 quenches fluorescence decreases as the h-BN thickness is increased. For distances d, this trend can be modeled by a 1/d4 decay, in agreement with theory and recent studies involving graphene.
Occupy Wall Street: Does Changing the Story Change Votes?

This paper, an update of my earlier paper "From the Tea Party to Occupy Wall Street," adds considerable material on Occupy Wall Street to the comparison of the Tea Party, the union-based protests in Madison and elsewhere, and Occupy Wall Street, all considered as attempts (conscious or not) to resolve the crisis of the American party system. The question raised by the title can be answered only after the November 2012 election, but this paper attempts to frame that question in ways that will tell us what to look for in November.
The Separation of Questions of Law and Fact in the New Russian and Spanish Jury Verdicts

This article discusses the division of labor between the judge and the jury in rendering judgment, and the separation of law and fact historically and currently, focusing on Spain and Russia. Both Russia and Spain rejected the Anglo-American general verdict of “guilty” or “not-guilty” in favor of a list of questions or propositions presented to the jury during their criminal procedure reforms of the 1990’s. This article also delves into the jury deliberation, verdict, and judgment process of the two countries.
Clinical and Immunologic Responses of Silvered Leaf Monkeys (Presbytis cristatus) to Experimental Reinfection with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

Silvered leaf monkeys (Presbytis cristatus) that had recovered from active Rickettsia tsutsugamushi infections 14 months previously became rickettsemic when inoculated with homologous, related, or unrelated strains of R. tsutsugamushi. In contrast to the results after the initial infection that produced disease, no signs were observed after the subsequent infections. Most animals responded with detectable titers of antibody to the Karp antigen regardless of the inoculated strains. Strains recovered during rickettsemia usually had antigens related only to the challenge strains, but in three silvered leaf monkeys, antigens characteristic of both the original and the challenge strains were detected.
Estimating systolic time intervals during walking using wearable ballistocardiography

Ballistocardiography (BCG), the measure of the reactionary forces of the body to cardiac ejection of blood into the vasculature, has recently re-emerged as a viable tool for estimation of mechanical parameters related to cardiovascular health in non-clinical settings. BCG measurements can be taken using a variety of sensors: some modalities require the person to be stationary, with sensors embedded in the environment that the person interacts with; others can be placed on the body, and potentially measure the signals throughout the day in naturalistic settings. The latter modality in particular can enhance the existing "quantified-self" ecosystem, providing complementary cardiovascular information regarding hemodynamics and systolic time intervals that otherwise cannot be measured currently. However, prior research in wearable BCG measurements has focused on taking measurements from stationary subjects only, thus limiting the potential impact of wearable sensing, and precluding any potential analysis of cardiovascular responses to exercise stressors. The primary technical obstacle towards wearable measurements from ambulatory subjects is that motion artifacts can render the BCG signals unreadable. In this paper, we present a framework for robust estimation of systolic time intervals from wearable BCG measurements during walking at different speeds. We demonstrate, using pattern matching techniques and multi-sensor data fusion, a good correlation value between the pre-ejection period (PEP) from the gold standard impedance cardiogram (ICG) and the BCG features and also between left ventricle ejection time (LVET) estimated from both modalities. Based on the results, we anticipate that wearable ballistocardiography can be used for continuously monitoring patients outside clinics and titrating care.
Association of Genetic Polymorphisms in Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene,Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Gene with Preterm Birth and Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Objective To investigate the relationship of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)gene,plasminogen activator inhi-bitor-1(PAI-1) gene polymorphisms and preterm birth,spastic cerebral palsy(CP),and explore the effect of MTHFR gene and PAI-1 gene in pathogenesis of premature children and spastic CP.Methods In the case-control study,the subjects were divided into 4 groups:premature spastic CP group(n=103),full-term with HIE+CP group(n=162),premature group(n=101),full-term healthy group(n=171).The subjects were drawn 1 mL peripheral venous blood,which applied polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) to detect MTHFR gene C677T,MTHFR gene A1298C and PAI-1 gene promoter region 675 4G/5G polymorphisms.At the same time,relevance of genotype distribution and pathogenesis of premature and spastic CP were analyzed.Results T allelomorphic gene frequencies at the MTHFR gene 677 locus of the premature infant and premature CP infant and full-term infant showed strong difference in the statistics(χ2=9.94,P0.01).In CP children and healthy children,the MTHFR-677 TT homozygous mutation genotype showed strong positive association with preterm birth,and there existed no significant association between TT genotype and spastic CP.C allel-omorphic gene frequencies at the MTHFR gene 1298 locus and 4G allel-omorphic gene frequencies at PAI-1 gene promoter region 675 locus had no statistical difference between cerebral palsy children and healthy children(χ2=2.18,2.36,Pa0.05).There existed no significant association between MTHFR-1298 gene mutation,PAI-1 gene promoter region-675 4G/5G gene polymorphism 4G/4G genotype and preterm birth,spastic CP.Conclusions The TT genotype of MTHFR gene C677T is positively associated with preterm birth,while it don′t significantly relate with spastic CP.There exists no significant association between MTHFR gene A1298C,PAI-1 gene promoter region 675 4G/5G polymorphisms and preterm birth,spastic CP.
Nervous system viral infections in immunocompromised hosts.

Abstract The advent of effective immunosuppressive regimens has improved the prognosis for many patients with neoplasms and autoimmune diseases. However, the resulting extended duration of impaired B- and T-lymphocyte function predisposes these patients to viral infections whose course may be unusually virulent. This chapter discusses the presentation, differential diagnosis, clinical consequences, and therapy of common central nervous system viral infections, including human herpesviruses-6 and 7, herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and JC virus (JCV). Particular patient groups covered in detail include hematopoietic stem cell and solid-organ transplant recipients, patients receiving intensive chemotherapy for malignancies without transplantation, and patients with primary brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, and a diverse group of rheumatologic and autoimmune conditions for which intensive immunosuppression is a consequence of effective therapies.
Publishing in finance versus entrepreneurship/management journals

I was pleased to be invited by the editors to write a brief chapter on my experiences publishing in finance versus entrepreneurship/management journals. I am sure there are better folks than me for this job (including but not limited to the editors of this book), but I do think I have a few things I can share. I do so with the hopes that I do not overly offend someone (to be a nerd and put it in economics terms, I hope that this essay is Pareto optimal), and if I do, then at least I hope the harm I cause to some will be outweighed by the benefit I will do for others by sharing my experiences (back to being a nerd, if Pareto optimality is not possible, I nevertheless hope that this essay is Kaldor-Hicks optimal). While my experiences that I share here of course reflect my personal biases, I nevertheless hope they are helpful for others in the future. In this essay I address two questions that I am often asked by other professors: the first is often asked by junior professors - “how do I publish in different fields?” while the second is more often asked by both junior and senior professors - “why do I publish in different fields?”
Three dimensional elastic modulus reconstruction for non-invasive, quantitative monitoring of tissue scaffold mechanical property changes

The field of tissue engineering requires improved methods to monitor tissue growth and function as well as the degradation of biomaterial scaffolds following implantation. Invasive methods of monitoring, such as histology or direct mechanical measurements, are less than ideal. Non-invasive imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray computed tomography (CT) or conventional ultrasound (US) might only provide morphological information. However, US Elasticity Imaging (UEI) can provide mechanical property information, in the form of elastic modulus images, as well as morphological information. 3D UEI will provide the spatial distribution in 3D of the mechanical property information. This information can be used to characterize and monitor the internal structure and composition of the tissue and scaffold. In order to determine the feasibility of using quantitative 3D UEI to monitor tissue scaffolds, experiments were designed to image Poly (1, 8 Octanediol-co-Citrate) (POC) scaffolds before and following chemically induced weight degradation. In the absence of tissue in growth, the amount degradation is directly related to the scaffold's elastic modulus. For each degradation state, the scaffolds were imbedded in gelatin and imaged with a 3D US scanning system while undergoing a quasi-static compression. A novel US image registration algorithm was used to estimate the displacement field and an elastic modulus reconstruction algorithm was then applied to the estimated displacements. The reconstructed elastic modulus images compared well with direct mechanical measurements and the amount of degradation.
Surface charging effects on etching profiles

Surface charging effects on etching profiles during Si trench etching in a nonuniform plasma were studied using a SEM, a Langmuir probe and an ion lens simulator. A tilt distortion in the etching profile was found near large open etched areas. In addition, bowing was found for small feature patterns. Ion trajectory calculations showed that these profile defects were caused by the local electric field distortion from a potential difference between the charged mask surface and the Si substrate. >
The Marketing Data Explosion: The Promise and the Reality

Changes create opportunities. Today, changes in the amount and quality of available data are creating opportunities in the world of consumer packaged goods marketing. The older store audit and warehouse withdrawal data is being replaced by new scanner data and data associated with the scanner data. The resulting integrated, single-source databases promise to change the way consumer goods firms do business.
Spinal Epidural Abscess: A Review with Special Emphasis on Earlier Diagnosis

Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is an uncommon but serious condition with significant morbidity and mortality. The prognosis of SEA is highly dependent on the timeliness of its diagnosis before neurological deficits develop. Unfortunately, often due to its nonspecific presentation, such as back pain, the diagnosis of SEA may be delayed in up to 75% of cases. Although many risk factors for SEA can be found in the published literature, their utility is limited by their frequent lack of objective evidence, numerousness, and absence in a significant proportion of cases. In this review, we call for a more discriminate evidence-based use of the term “risk factor” when discussing SEA and explore several approaches to its earlier diagnosis, including a simple algorithm based on its pathophysiology and serum C-reactive protein or erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
Accumbens nNOS interneurons regulate cocaine relapse.

Relapse to drug use can be initiated by drug-associated cues. The intensity of cue-induced relapse is correlated with the induction of transient synaptic potentiation (t-SP) at glutamatergic synapses on medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore) and requires spillover of glutamate from prefrontal cortical afferents. We used a rodent self-administration/reinstatement model of relapse to show that cue-induced t-SP and reinstated cocaine seeking result from glutamate spillover, initiating a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5)-dependent increase in nitric oxide (NO) production. Pharmacological stimulation of mGluR5 in NAcore recapitulated cue-induced reinstatement in the absence of drug-associated cues. Using NO-sensitive electrodes, mGluR5 activation by glutamate was shown to stimulate NO production that depended on activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). nNOS is expressed in ∼1% of NAcore neurons. Using a transgene strategy to express and stimulate designer receptors that mimicked mGluR5 signaling through Gq in nNOS interneurons, we recapitulated cue-induced reinstatement in the absence of cues. Conversely, using a transgenic caspase strategy, the intensity of cue-induced reinstatement was correlated with the extent of selective elimination of nNOS interneurons. The induction of t-SP during cued reinstatement depends on activating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and selective chemogenetic stimulation of nNOS interneurons recapitulated MMP activation and t-SP induction (increase in AMPA currents in MSNs). These data demonstrate critical involvement of a sparse population of nNOS-expressing interneurons in cue-induced cocaine seeking, revealing a bottleneck in brain processing of drug-associated cues where therapeutic interventions could be effective in treating drug addiction. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Relapse to cocaine use in a rat model is associated with transient increases in synaptic strength at prefrontal cortex synapses in the nucleus accumbens. We demonstrate the sequence of events that mediates synaptic potentiation and reinstated cocaine seeking induced by cocaine-conditioned cues. Activation of prefrontal inputs to the accumbens by cues initiates spillover of synaptic glutamate, which stimulates metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) on a small population of interneurons (∼1%) expressing neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Stimulating these glutamate receptors increases nitric oxide (NO) production, which stimulates matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 activity in the extracellular space. Manipulating the interaction between mGluR5, NO production, or MMP-2 and MMP-9 pharmacologically or genetically is sufficient to recapitulate transient synaptic potentiation and reinstate cocaine seeking.
Active pressure management through brine production for basin-wide deployment of geologic carbon sequestration

Abstract In order for carbon capture and storage (CCS) to have a significant impact on anthropogenic carbon emissions, large volumes of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) will need to be captured and stored in the subsurface. It is therefore likely that multiple storage operations will access the same storage reservoir, leading to the potential for overlapping pressure responses. Pressure management through brine production is an approach to reduce the pressure response of injection operations, concomitantly reducing the potential for overlap. In this study numerical modeling is used to simulate the basin-wide deployment of CCS in the Illinois Basin, USA to determine the potential impact of brine production on pressure increase at the injection wells and the Areas of Review (the area that the US Environmental Protection agency deems at risk for CO 2 and brine leakage; AoR) of the injection operations. The results show that brine production can reduce the combined size of AoRs by about one order of magnitude, if a volume of brine equivalent to the volume of injected CO 2 is produced. Sites with low injection rates and/or favorable storage properties (i.e., high permeability and porosity, large thickness and depth) may not need pressure management, if the critical pressure is only exceeded within the CO 2 plume. Injection of CO 2 at locations with favorable storage properties leads to a combined AoR 30% smaller than if the injection sites are co-located with large stationary sources. However, pipeline networks would need to be developed to transport CO 2 from the sources to the injection sites. If the produced brine is to be disposed through reinjection into the subsurface, the reinjection formation needs to be hydraulically isolated from the storage formation, as to not negate the effect of pressure management. The results also show that injectivity does not seem to be a major issue in the Illinois Basin, with only four out of 54 hypothetical CCS sites exceeding the allowable pressure increase set to prevent injection-induced seismicity. Unfortunately, brine production is not an effective strategy to control the maximum pressure increase at the four sites, so that a reduction in injection rates is necessary. If the injections occur at locations more favorable for injection, pressures are well below the maximum allowable levels, while maintaining the same basin-wide injection rates.
Insecticides and Their Combinations Evaluated as Regulatory Immersion Treatments for Third-Instar Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Field-Grown and Containerized Nursery Plants

Abstract Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica Newman, are nursery regulatory pests. Currently, immersion of balled-and-burlapped (B&B) and containerized plants grown in pine bark substrates in a chlorpyrifos or bifenthrin solution satisfies the Domestic Japanese Beetle Harmonization Plan (DJHP) for shipping plants to noninfested states. Study objectives were to (a) evaluate individual and combination insecticide treatments for potential as regulatory dips against third-instar P. japonica in 30-cm B&B and no. 3 containers and (b) determine the lowest effective rates. Tests were performed fall and spring from 2007 to 2010. In all B&B tests and most container tests, insecticide treatments had significantly fewer larvae than the untreated check. Treatments also were more effective during spring tests than fall tests. The highest rate of a bifenthrin + imidacloprid combination was the only treatment that consistently met the DJHP regulatory standard of no larvae recovered across multiple tests. During spring t...
Rapid prediction of stem cell mobilization using volume and conductivity data from automated hematology analyzers.

BACKGROUND Rapid analytics to predict circulating hematopoietic stem cells are valuable for optimal management of mobilization, particularly for the use of newer and costly mobilization agents such as plerixafor. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We used stepwise, linear multiple regression modeling applied to cell population data collected by routine hematology analyzers (Beckman Coulter DxH 800) on patients undergoing autologous stem cell collection (n = 131). Beta coefficients were used to derive a formula for a stem cell index (SCI). We then tested the correlation of SCI with stem cell counts and performance of the SCI as a predictor of poor mobilization with external validation in a separate cohort (n = 183). RESULTS The SCI correlated strongly with CD34 counts by flow cytometry (r = 0.8372 in the development cohort, r = 0.8332 in the external validation cohort) and compares favorably with other rapid stem cell enumerating technologies. In the external validation cohort, the SCI performed well as a predictor (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve, 0.9336) of poor mobilization (CD34 count < 10), with a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 93%. When prevalence of poor mobilization was 33%, this resulted in a positive predictive value of 83% and a negative predictive value of 87%. The SCI also showed promise in tracking responses to plerixafor administration. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate the utility of the cell population data collected by hematology analyzers to provide rapid data beyond standard complete blood counts, particularly for stem cell count prediction, requiring no additional reagents, specimen, or instrumentation.
Introduction to Scan Statistics

In this chapter, we define discrete and continuous scan statistics in one-dimensional as well as multidimensional cases. We then mention some related applications and open problems. We also present a brief account of order statistics which naturally arise in the study of scan statistics.
An Ounce of Prevention: The Power of Public Risk Management in Stabilizing the Financial System

The magnitude of the current financial crisis reflects the failure of an economic and regulatory philosophy that had proved increasingly influential in policy circles over the past three decades. This paper suggests (1) that contrary to the prevailing wisdom, New Deal policies (including federal deposit insurance and bank supervision) worked to stabilize the financial system; (2) that the financial catastrophe of 2007-2009 was not an accident, but rather a mistake, driven by a deregulatory mindset that took 50 years of post-New Deal financial stability for granted; and (3) that the dramatic federal response to the current financial crisis has created a new reality, in which virtually all systemically significant financial institutions now enjoy an implicit guarantee from the federal government that will continue to exist (and continue to generate moral hazard) long after the immediate crisis passes. Based on this analysis, one major step that is necessary now to help ensure financial stability in the future is to identify and regulate systemically significant institutions on an ongoing basis, rather than simply in the heat of a crisis. To guard against moral hazard (in the face of large implicit guarantees) and to ensure the safety of the broader financial system, these institutions must face significant prudential regulation, they should be required to pay premiums for the federal insurance they already enjoy, and they should be subject to an FDIC-style receivership process in the event of failure.
To a Point

For over a century, the United States has operated under a consistent energy policy that has served the country well. Our Traditional Energy policy is based on three economic assumptions: private capital and markets create wealth and stimulate innovation; there is a direct and positive correlation between energy production and economic productivity; and economies of scale will enable us to produce more energy at lower cost. Events over the last four decades, however, have given cause to question that Traditional Energy policy. The damage from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita helped focus that questioning. Increasingly over that period, national and international policymakers have recognized that energy policy does not and cannot stand alone and apart from the environmental consequences of energy exploration, production, distribution, and use. The new path, or soft path, would substitute small-scale, clean, renewable energy production for large-scale, dirty, fossil-fuel energy-and nuclear-generated electricity. The soft path would open new markets, capitalize on new technologies, and create a more flexible, as well as a more efficient, structure for energy production, distribution, and use. The new path would rely on new technologies and market mechanisms to facilitate competition, economic growth, energy efficiency, and would provide resource, including environmental, protections. Unfortunately, the federal government has failed to take these developments seriously over the last several presidential administrations. Funding is where the rubber meets the proverbial road, and the playing field is still tilted heavily in favor of Traditional Energy despite the calls for new initiatives favoring new energy sources. This Article challenges the economic assumptions of the Traditional Energy policy and concludes that diversity, new technologies, and innovation are necessary for a future responsive to the new thinking.
Cerebral Hemangiomas: 53 Times More Likely To Bleed (P1.236)

Objective: We sought to identify patients with cerebral hemangiomas (CH) and intracerebral hemorrhage and evaluate for factors that could potentially affect hemorrhage risk in CH patients. Background: Cerebral hemangiomas (CH), which are predominantly cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are intracranial vascular malformations that are prone to hemorrhage, but the extent of hemorrhagic risk and factors that could potentially affect their occurrence are still unclear. Design/Methods: We retrospectively identified patients encompassing all ages with ICD 9 code - 228.02 correlating with CH from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for the year 2014. We looked for Intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) in these patients by evaluating with the ICD 9 code - 431 and investigated their correlation with age, sex, race and comorbid conditions like diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN) and drug abuse. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS v ersion 9.4, Cary, NC, USA and logistic regression model was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 997 patients with CH were identified from the NIS database of 7048882 patients. Of them, 141 (14.1%) had an ICH with an Odds Ratio of 53 and 95% CI: 44–63, compared to patients without CH. Adjusted analysis of factors including age, sex, race, DM, HTN and drug abuse that could potentially be associated with an increased bleeding risk was done, but with no significant correlation. Unadjusted analysis of race showed a significant correlation of patients from Black ethnicity having an increased bleed risk compared to the White population. Other non-white ethnic groups also had increased risk of bleeding compared to the White population but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: We found that CH patients have a 53 times more likelihood of ICH compared to patients without CH. We also noted a trend towards an increased risk of bleeding in the Black, Hispanic and Asian populations compared to the White population. Disclosure: Dr. Jillella has nothing to disclose. Dr. Qeadan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ikram has nothing to disclose. Dr. Calder has nothing to disclose. Dr. Parand has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zulfiqar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bzdyra has nothing to disclose. Dr. Morrison has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zafar has nothing to disclose.
Synthesis of Tinbergen’s four questions and the future of sociogenomics

It has been 55 years since Nikolaas Tinbergen formalized the field of ethology by identifying four types of inquiry that address the “how” and “why” of animal behavior from both a contemporary and historical perspective. This framework has been particularly useful in exploring eusocial behavior among insects, due to integration across levels of analysis and timescales of influence. Although the former has proceeded quite deliberately, the latter has received less attention. Here, I synthesize recent findings regarding the mechanisms, ontogeny, evolution, and function of eusociality in ants, bees, and wasps. This synthesis reveals that there has been rapid gain of knowledge regarding the genetic underpinnings of eusocial behavior, but an understanding of the fitness consequences of these molecular mechanisms lags behind. Similarly, it has become clear that maternal or sibling effects on development are major drivers of caste-related behavior, but the mechanisms that produce these effects are largely unknown. Developmental caste determination and caste-biasing require sensitivities to social cues, but how this plasticity evolved from solitary ancestors is unknown. Understanding the origins of developmental plasticity is necessary to understand how plasticity shapes the evolutionary trajectory of social traits. Likewise, the influence of social function on molecular evolution has been studied within a robust theoretical framework; however, these studies will benefit from an understanding of how ancestral conditions promote the acquisition of social function in the first place. Future studies that span both levels of analysis and timescales of influence will further advance the integrative field of ethology that Tinbergen envisioned.
Reconstructing Citizenship in a Global Economy: How Restricting Immigrants from Welfare Undermines Social Rights for U.S. Citizens

Scrutiny of immigrants’ use of public benefi ts is a reoccurring theme in U.S. politics. Yet while the tough stance on immigrants taps into popular anti-immigrant sentiment, the consequences of such scrutiny are shared by all welfare recipients. Drawing upon interpretive policy frames, I examine how new requirements to verify citizenship and identity for Medicaid directly impacts social entitlements for both citizen and non-citizen populations. Analysis of state reports and policy studies of citizenship verifi cation requirements for Medicaid illustrate that verifi cation costs may exceed the costs of fraudulent misuse by unqualifi ed immigrants. I argue that devolutionary shifts in welfare and immigration policy from federal to state governments further constrains who can benefi t from the full range of rights and entitlements associated with citizenship in the United States.
Completion of TP and TN border patterns

A new class of TP- and TN- completable patterns, the border patterns, is identified. This answers an unpublished question about TP-completable patterns that has been outstanding for some time, and ...
Host Preference and Plastic Mulches for Managing Melon Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Field-Grown Vegetable Crops

Melon thrips, Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a serious pest of vegetable, ornamental, and fruit crops. As a potential component of an integrated pest management (IPM) program, different plastic mulches including white-on-black, black-on-white, black-on-black, two metalized ultraviolet (UV)-reflective mulches, and a no mulch control were evaluated for managing T. palmi on six field-grown vegetable crops (eggplant, cucumber, squash, snap bean, Jalapeno pepper, and tomato) during the Fall of 2015 and 2016. Metalized reflective mulch significantly reduced the number of T. palmi in all vegetable crops compared with the other treatments. The highest numbers of T. palmi were observed on the white-on-black mulch and control treatments. The numbers of adults and larvae were highest on eggplant followed by cucumber, snap bean, squash, and Jalapeno pepper. The lowest numbers of T. palmi were observed on tomato plants. This study indicated that growing vegetable crops on metalized mulch is an effective method of reducing T. palmi populations in vegetable crops and should be considered in IPM programs for this insect species.
Polarizing beam splitter cube for circularly and elliptically polarized light

A method of designing an arbitrary polarizing beam splitter (PBS) cube using multiple layers of thin-film liquid crystal polymer is demonstrated. This methodology utilizes cholesteric phase liquid crystal polymer (Ch-LCP) to transmit one handedness of elliptically polarized light and reflect the orthogonal state when unpolarized light is incident. Using additional nematic liquid crystal polymer layers, the polarization state for the transmitted and reflected light can be controlled and output to any two orthogonal states represented on the Poincare sphere. Two cubes are designed, fabricated, tested, and compared with theory. One cube is constructed with a single layer of Ch-LCP, and another cube is constructed with a layer of Ch-LCP and an additional nematic liquid crystal polymer layer.
Self-reported short sleep duration among US adults by disability status and functional disability type: Results from the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Abstract Background Short sleep duration is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease and all-cause death. A better understanding of sleep disparities between people with and without disabilities can help inform interventions designed to improve sleep duration among people with disabilities. Objective To examine population-based prevalence estimates of short sleep duration by disability status and disability type among noninstitutionalized adults aged ≥18 years. Methods Data from the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to assess prevalence of short sleep duration among adults without and with disabilities (serious difficulty with cognition, hearing, mobility, or vision; any difficulty with self-care or independent living). Short sleep duration was defined as Results Adults with any disability had a higher prevalence of short sleep duration than those without disability (43.8% vs. 31.6%; p Conclusions People with disabilities had a higher likelihood of reporting short sleep duration than those without disabilities. Assessment of sleep duration may be an important component in the provision of medical care to people with disabilities.
How Not to Network a Nation: The Uneasy History of the Soviet Internet

Researchers who study how digital media technologies are developed and deployed constantly struggle to produce scholarship that is simultaneously enduring and relevant in the moment. In the time it...