cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new species of Tinus (Araneae, Lycosoidea, Pisauridae) from Mexico

Abstract A single male from Oaxaca, Mexico is described as the new species, Tinus oaxaca, based on distinct features of the palpus including the shape of the retrolateral apophysis, the position of components of the palpal bulb, and the color pattern of the dorsum. Notes on the current taxonomic status of the genus Tinus are included.
Identification of appropriate patients for preoperative evaluation: A quality improvement project

Objective: Appropriate preoperative evaluation is essential for safe surgical care. Cost containment and “best practice” suggest that preoperative testing should be matched to patient co-morbidities and the magnitude of the planned procedure. The purpose of this project was to reduce the number of unnecessary referrals to our preoperative evaluation clinic (POE), increase clinic capacity for medically complex patients including diabetics, and quantify the reduction in institutional cost associated with the project. Methods: In addition to other educational activities, a simplified algorithm and optional screening tool were created to assist surgeons with determining which patients should go to POE. A sub-group of pilot surgeons were selected to participate and their POE referral performance was tracked and shared with them. Surgeons were encouraged to send all of their diabetic patients through POE. A cost analysis was carried out to quantify changes in institutional average cost per case for preoperative evaluation, before vs. after project launch. The first quarter of 2013 (pre-project launch) was compared to first quarter 2015. Results: Pilot surgeons reduced referrals to POE by 30%, while decreasing the institutional average cost per case of preoperative evaluation by > 50%. Clinic capacity for complex patients increased, although diabetic referrals remained flat during the project. There was no increase in day of surgery cancellations. Conclusions: This project demonstrates that patterns of preoperative evaluation for healthy patients undergoing low-acuity surgery can be changed, bringing about cost savings, without increasing day of surgery cancellations.
Cerebellar Flocculus and Ventral Paraflocculus Purkinje Cell Activity During Predictive and Visually Driven Pursuit in Monkey

Purkinje cells in the flocculus and ventral paraflocculus were studied in tasks designed to distinguish predictive versus visually guided mechanisms of smooth pursuit. A sum-of-sines task allowed studies of complex predictive pursuit. A perturbation task examined visually driven pursuit during unpredictable right-angle changes in target direction. A gap task examined pursuit that was maintained when the target was turned off. Neural activity patterns were quantified using multi-linear models with sensitivities to the position, velocity, and acceleration of both motor output (eye motion) and visual input (retinal slip). During the sum-of-sines task, neural responses led eye motion by an average of 12 ms, a value larger than the 9-ms transmission delay between flocculus stimulation and eye motion. This suggests that flocculus/paraflocculus neurons drove pursuit along predictable sum-of-sines trajectories. In contrast, neural responses led eye motion by an average of only 2 ms during the perturbation task and by 6 ms during the gap task. These values suggest a follow-up role during tasks more heavily dependent on visual processing. Activity in all three tasks was explained primarily by sensitivities to eye position and velocity. Eye acceleration played a minor role during ongoing pursuit, although its influence on firing rate increased during the high accelerations following unexpected changes in target motion. Retinal slip had a relatively small influence on responses during pursuit. This was particularly true for the sum-of-sines and gap tasks where predictive control eliminated any consistent retinal-slip signals that might have been used to drive the eye. Surprisingly, the influence of retinal slip did not increase appreciably during unpredictable perturbations in target direction that generated large amounts of retinal slip. Thus although visual control signals are needed in varying amounts during the three pursuit tasks, they have been converted to motor control signals by the time they leave the flocculus/paraflocculus system. Individual neurons showed a remarkable constancy in eye-sensitivity direction across tasks that indicated direct links to oculomotor neurons. However, some neurons showed changes in sensitivity magnitude that suggested changes in control strategy for different tasks. Magnitude differences were largest for the perturbation task. We conclude that the flocculus/paraflocculus system plays a major role in driving predictive pursuit. It also processes visually driven control signals that originate in other brain regions after a slight delay.
Quality of Life Among Long-Term Cancer Survivors

Thanks to advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment, there are now more than 10 million cancer survivors in the United States. Successful treatment of cancer has resulted in increased demands on survivors and has had diverse effects on the quality of life (QOL) of patients and their families. A model of QOL encompassing dimensions of physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being has been applied to illustrate the multidimensional needs of cancer survivors and the necessity of comprehensive care extending over the long term. Data from a recent survey of members of the National Coalition of Cancer Survivorship (NCCS) is presented, along with a summary of issues compiled by the NCCS that merit future attention. [ONCOLOGY 11(4):565-571, 1997]
A toxic factor in Leptospira pomona.

SummaryA toxic factor was demonstrated in living and disrupted Leptospira pomona and in the supernatant fluids of cultures by alterations in the permeability of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages; the supernatant fluids also inhibited the uptake of oxygen by porcine kidney cells. Virulent and avirulent L. pomona were equally toxic. The soluble toxic factor was nondialyzable and thermolabile; it was not specifically neutralized by antiserum.
Understanding surfactant/graphene interactions using a graphene field effect transistor: relating molecular structure to hysteresis and carrier mobility.

Manipulation of transport hysteresis on graphene transistors and understanding electron transfer between graphene and polar/ionic adsorbates are important for the development of graphene-based sensor devices and nonvolatile memory electronics. We have investigated the effects of commonly used surfactants for graphene dispersion in aqueous solution on transport characteristics of graphene transistors. The adsorbates are found to transfer electrons to graphene, scatter carrier transport, and induce additional electron–hole puddles when the graphene is on an SiO2 substrate. We relate the change in transport characteristics to specific chemical properties of a series of anionic, cationic, and neutral surfactants using a modification of a self-consistent transport theory developed for graphene. To understand the effects of surfactant adsorbates trapped on either side of the graphene, suspended devices were fabricated. Strong hysteresis is observed only when both sides of the graphene were exposed to the surfac...
Component transition and anticipatory contrast

Previous research has demonstrated that contrast effects in multiple schedules occur because of variation in the reinforcement rate following the target components (anticipatory contrast). The present study assessed whether the contingency for transition to the following schedule was an important variable, on the premise that the discriminative cue for the following schedule should be a conditioned reinforcer that should suppress behavior when presented on a response-independent basis. Strong contrast effects occurred even when the transition to the following schedule was response dependent, and these effects were comparable to those normally obtained with response-independent transitions.
Cancer Health Literacy Test-30-Spanish (CHLT-30-DKspa), a New Spanish-Language Version of the Cancer Health Literacy Test (CHLT-30) for Spanish-Speaking Latinos

This article describes the adaptation and initial validation of the Cancer Health Literacy Test (CHLT) for Spanish speakers. A cross-sectional field test of the Spanish version of the CHLT (CHLT-30-DKspa) was conducted among healthy Latinos in Louisiana. Diagonally weighted least squares was used to confirm the factor structure. Item response analysis using 2-parameter logistic estimates was used to identify questions that may require modification to avoid bias. Cronbach's alpha coefficients estimated scale internal consistency reliability. Analysis of variance was used to test for significant differences in CHLT-30-DKspa scores by gender, origin, age and education. The mean CHLT-30-DKspa score (N = 400) was 17.13 (range = 0-30, SD = 6.65). Results confirmed a unidimensional structure, χ(2)(405) = 461.55, p = .027, comparative fit index = .993, Tucker-Lewis index = .992, root mean square error of approximation = .0180. Cronbach's alpha was .88. Items Q1-High Calorie and Q15-Tumor Spread had the lowest item-scale correlations (.148 and .288, respectively) and standardized factor loadings (.152 and .302, respectively). Items Q19-Smoking Risk, Q8-Palliative Care, and Q1-High Calorie had the highest item difficulty parameters (difficulty = 1.12, 1.21, and 2.40, respectively). Results generally support the applicability of the CHLT-30-DKspa for healthy Spanish-speaking populations, with the exception of 4 items that need to be deleted or revised and further studied: Q1, Q8, Q15, and Q19.
Use of Medical Devices in Hospice for Symptom Management

Background:Home health services in the United States(US) have been on a rise. Hospice patients cope with diverse physical and pain symptoms; medical devices are used for symptom management to improve their quality-of-care at end-of-life.Objective:Using the National Home and Hospice Care Survey (NHHCS), the study summarizes medical device use for symptom management and tracks various demographic variables for home hospice patients.Methods:A cross-sectional analysis of data using the 2007 NHHCS was conducted. There were 4733 hospice discharges which corresponded to 2,505,011 individuals in US with sampling weights. The data was analyzed using chi square tests and confounding factors adjusted with logistic regression.Results:Eighty-nine percent of hospice discharges were evaluated for pain at first assessment. The regression model for pain at first assessment was significantly associated with use of patient controlled analgesia (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.28, 2.59) and urinary catheters (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02,...
Methanogenic paraffin degradation proceeds via alkane addition to fumarate by ‘Smithella’ spp. mediated by a syntrophic coupling with hydrogenotrophic methanogens

Summary Anaerobic microbial biodegradation of recalcitrant, water-insoluble substrates, such as paraffins, presents unique metabolic challenges. To elucidate this process, a methanogenic consortium capable of mineralizing long-chain n-paraffins (C28-C50) was enriched from San Diego Bay sediment. Analysis of 16S rRNA genes indicated the dominance of Syntrophobacterales (43%) and Methanomicrobiales (26%). Metagenomic sequencing allowed draft genome assembly of dominant uncultivated community members belonging to the bacterial genus Smithella and the archaeal genera Methanoculleus and Methanosaeta. Five contigs encoding homologs of the catalytic subunit of alkylsuccinate synthase (assA) were detected. Additionally, mRNA transcripts for these genes, including a homolog binned within the ‘Smithella’ sp. SDB genome scaffold, were detected via RT-PCR, implying that paraffins are activated via ‘fumarate addition’. Metabolic reconstruction and comparison with genome scaffolds of uncultivated n-alkane degrading ‘Smithella’ spp. are consistent with the hypothesis that syntrophically growing ‘Smithella’ spp. may achieve reverse electron transfer by coupling the reoxidation of ETFred to a membrane-bound FeS oxidoreductase functioning as an ETF:menaquinone oxidoreductase. Subsequent electron transfer could proceed via a periplasmic formate dehydrogenase and/or hydrogenase, allowing energetic coupling to hydrogenotrophic methanogens such as Methanoculleus. Ultimately, these data provide fundamental insight into the energy conservation mechanisms that dictate interspecies interactions salient to methanogenic alkane mineralization.
Democracy Is Coming

In the 1990s democracy was the dominant imaginary of politics. A global trend toward democracy was celebrated, heralded at world summits, prominent in the discourse of transition in Eastern Europe and institutionalized as part of international development policy where good governance became a condition of foreign aid. The worldwide scope of democracy was widely heralded. ‘No doubt, the defining concept of the 1990s is democracy. Like Coca Cola, democracy needs no translation to be understood virtually everywhere’ (Norton 1993, p. 208).
Enantioseparation of α‐Hydroxyallylphosphonates and Phosphonoallylic Carbonate Derivatives on Chiral Stationary Phases Using Sequential UV, Polarimetric, and Refractive Index Detection

Chromatographic separation of the enantiomers of parent compounds dimethyl α-hydroxyallyl phosphonate and 1-(dimethoxyphosphoryl) allyl methyl carbonate was demonstrated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using Chiralpak AS-H and ad-H chiral stationary phases (CSP), respectively, using a combination of UV, polarimetric, and refractive index detectors. A comparison was made of the separation efficiency and elution order of enantiomeric α-hydroxyallyl phosphonates and their carbonate derivatives on commercially available polysaccharide AS, ad, OD, IC-3, and Whelk-O 1 CSPs. In general, the α-hydroxyallyl phosphonates were resolved on the AS-H CSP, whereas the carbonate derivatives and were preferentially resolved on the ad-H CSP. The impact of aryl substitution on the resolution of analytes and was evaluated. Thermodynamic parameters determined for enantioselective adsorption hydroxyphosphonates and on the AS-H CSP and carbonate on the ad-H CSP demonstrated enthalpic control for separation of the enantiomers. Chirality 28:656-662, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermo-Magneto-Electric Generator Arrays for Active Heat Recovery System

Continued emphasis on development of thermal cooling systems is being placed that can cycle low grade heat. Examples include solar powered unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and data storage servers. The power efficiency of solar module degrades at elevated temperature, thereby, necessitating the need for heat extraction system. Similarly, data centres in wireless computing system are facing increasing efficiency challenges due to high power consumption associated with managing the waste heat. We provide breakthrough in addressing these problems by developing thermo-magneto-electric generator (TMEG) arrays, composed of soft magnet and piezoelectric polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) cantilever. TMEG can serve dual role of extracting the waste heat and converting it into useable electricity. Near room temperature second-order magnetic phase transition in soft magnetic material, gadolinium, was employed to obtain mechanical vibrations on the PVDF cantilever under small thermal gradient. TMEGs were shown to achieve high vibration frequency at small temperature gradients, thereby, demonstrating effective heat transfer.
Association of Cardiovascular Health With Subclinical Disease and Incident Events: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

BackgroundFew adults have ideal cardiovascular health (CVH). We studied associations of an overall CVH score with subclinical cardiovascular disease and events. We assessed whether associations var...
Eigenvalues of Non-Backtracking Walks in a Cycle with Random Loops

In this paper we take a very special model of a random non-regular graph and study its non-backtracking spectrum. We study graphs consisting of a cycle with some random loops added; the graphs are not regular and their non-backtracking spectrum does not seem to be confined to some one-dimensional set in the complex plane. The nonbacktracking spectrum is required in some applications, and has no straightforward connection to the usual adjacency matrix spectrum for general graphs, unlike the situation for regular graphs. Experimentally, the random graphs’ spectrum appears similar in shape to its deterministic counterpart, but differs because the eigenvalues are visibly clustered, especially with a mysterious gap around Re(λ) = 1. ∗Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540 apop@princeton.edu
Information aspects of new organizational designs: exploring the non-traditional organization

The purpose of the study presented in this article aims at broadening our understanding of information and concomitant aspects of a non-bureaucratic organizational design. With current changes in organizational environments, the century-long domination of the bureaucratic organization is being shaken. New organizational designs have been proposed as alternatives to the bureaucracy, including the information-based organization, networked organization, and adhocracy. Our knowledge of these designs, however, is still meager. This particularly applies to their information aspects, such as the role of information technology (IT), and exchanges of information and knowledge. In order to fill the void, an organizational design which will be called the “non-traditional organization” was created on the basis of relevant literature and was preliminarily tested on a sample drawn from the public accounting industry. The study discovered a strong positive relationship between the amount of IT usage and non-traditional dimensions, invoking the notion of an organic, “informated” organization. This relationship primarily rests on the relationships IT forms with centralization and formalization (both negative), and trust and communication beyond team boundaries (both positive). Information and knowledgerelated interactions are in relation with team-based accountability in this networked, “information-rich” organization. Communication beyond team boundaries serves several purposes, including integration and creation of a dialogue-based, adhocratic, “interactive” organization. Hierarchy appears to be the most resilient dimension of the traditional organization in the sample studied. These findings bear implications for understanding new organizational designs.
Bumble bee ecophysiology: integrating the changing environment and the organism

Bumble bees are among the most ecologically and economically important pollinators worldwide, yet many of their populations are being threatened by a suite of interrelated, human-mediated environmental changes. Here, I discuss recent progress in our understanding of bumble bee ecophysiology, including advances related to thermal biology in light of global warming; nutritional biology in the context of declining food resources; and the capacity for bumble bees to exhibit physiological plasticity or adaptations to novel or extreme environments, with reference to their evolutionary history and current biogeography.
The Prosocial Leadership Development Process

This chapter provides an overview of the research question guiding the qualitative research on prosocial leadership, an orientation to the participants, data and procedure (more information is found in Appendices 1 and 3) and a discussion of the results of the grounded theory model used in this research. Specifically, the methodology resulted in the emergence of four themes; each theme is discussed and, alongside this, the process of development or steps associated with the theme, or stage, are also discussed. The chapter resolves by presenting an overview of supporting literature, which is also included in the following chapters, and a summary and reflection.
Immunotherapy with glycosylated and anchor-modified MUC1 peptides breaks tolerance in MUC1 transgenic mice

2860 Breast cancer is a serious health problem both in the US and worldwide. The mucin MUC1 is greatly increased in breast cancer and is a potential target for immunotherapy. MUC1 has a ubiquitous rather than focal cellular distribution and altered glycosylation, revealing peptide epitopes not easily identified in normal mucins, which result in low level of immune response observed in cancer patients. The hypothesis for this study is that MUC1-based immunization may enhance the low level MUC1-specific immunity that may lead to an effective anti-tumor response and immunological memory in cancer patients. We have developed several short (8 or 9-mer) glycosylated and/or anchor-modified peptides derived from the MUC1 extracellular tandem repeat. Native MUC1-peptides were altered by introduction of the monosaccharide, GalNAc- O -threonine (Tn carbohydrate) at the threonine in fifth position, and/or modification of amino acids in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-class I anchor positions. Preclinical studies were performed using the modified H-2K b -restricted peptides in C57BL/6 mice transgenic for human MUC1 (MUC1.Tg mice). These mice are naturally tolerant to immunization with MUC1 making them an appropriate model for testing MUC1-based vaccines. Addition of Tn to the fifth position of the native peptide, SAPDTRPAP, showed stronger cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) induction compared to the native peptide. However, in the case of anchor-modified peptide, SAAATRAAM, the unglycosylated peptide was stronger than its glycosylated counterpart. In the case of anchor-modified 8-mer SAPDTRPL peptide, both the unglycosylated and its glycosylated counterpart showed high induction of CTLs. In the preclinical study, tumor-bearing MUC1.Tg mice (challenged with breast cancer cell line C57mg.MUC1) were immunized with glycosylated, anchor-modified and unglycosylated MUC1 peptides. Our results demonstrate that MUC1 peptide-based immunization elicits mature MUC1-specific CTLs in the peripheral lymphoid organs. The mature CTLs secrete IFN-γ and are cytolytic against MUC1-expressing tumor cells in vitro. However, active CTLs that infiltrate the tumor microenvironment become cytolytically anergic and are tolerized to MUC1 antigen, allowing the tumor to grow. In this scenario, it is probable that good tumour antigen responses exist but that they are rendered ineffective by the anti-immune defences of the tumour, including the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines, such as Cox-2, transforming growth factor β and IL-10 as well as by the presence of ligands such as FasL, which induce apoptosis of primed and incoming CTL. Thus, eliminating tumor-specific immunosuppression may improve the specific immune response and CTL killing against the targeted MUC1 antigen. Supported by Mayo Breast SPORE CA116201 and Mayo Foundation
Resident fibroblast expansion during cardiac growth and remodeling

Cardiac fibrosis, denoted by the deposition of extracellular matrix, manifests with a variety of diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and myocardial infarction. Underlying this pathological extracellular matrix secretion is an expansion of fibroblasts. The mouse is now a common experimental model system for the study of cardiovascular remodeling and elucidation of fibroblast responses to cardiac growth and stress is vital for understanding disease processes. Here, using diverse but fibroblast specific markers, we report murine fibroblast distribution and proliferation in early postnatal, adult, and injured hearts. We find that perinatal fibroblasts and endothelial cells proliferate at similar rates. Furthermore, regardless of the injury model, fibroblast proliferation peaks within the first week after injury, a time window similar to the period of the inflammatory phase. In addition, fibroblast densities remain high weeks after the initial insult. These results provide detailed information regarding fibroblast distribution and proliferation in experimental methods of heart injury.
StudySwap: A Platform for Interlab Replication, Collaboration, and Resource Exchange:

The resources needed to conduct psychological research (i.e., time, access to participants, equipment, expertise, etc.) are sometimes distributed inefficiently: Resources going unused at one lab ma...
From Captives on the Frontier to Saving the World

Historically the captivity narrative served as an important metaphor for the risks faced by white settlers in the midst of menacing and barbaric savages. The Iranian hostage crisis of 1979 was the last captivity story that lived up to its seventeenth-century counterparts, and this chapter examines its features as well as its contradictions. Subsequent captivity dramas foisted the older model onto humanitarian wars designed to save helpless victims, particularly children, from the savagery of ruthless governments.
Sub-diffractional waveguiding by mid-infrared plasmonic resonators in semiconductor nanowires

Chains of nanoscale plasmonic resonators are capable of sub-diffractional waveguiding and have applications in nanophotonics and thermal radiation transport. Practical uses have largely been limited, however, due to high optical losses or low group velocities. Here, we predict the waveguide performance of a material structure capable of overcoming these limitations: plasmonic resonators embedded in high-dielectric nanowires. Due to the enhanced near-field coupling between resonators, we find that the group velocities and propagation lengths for doped Si plasmonic resonators in intrinsic Si nanowires can be increased by up to an order of magnitude compared to the case of isotropic vacuum surroundings. We investigate the impact of resonator aspect ratio, doping, and spacing on waveguide performance, and we find that propagation lengths are maximized for large aspect ratios and high dopant concentrations at small spacings. To study these complex anisotropic systems, we develop a new analytical “absorption spectra” method to extract waveguide information from simple far-field absorption experiments (or simulations) of only two coupled resonators.
Stress Inoculation in Health Care

Stress inoculation involves giving people realistic warnings, reommendations, and reassurances to prepare them to cope with impending dangers or losses. At present, stress inoculation procedures range in intensiveness from a single 10-minute preparatory communication to an elaborate training program with graded exposure to danger stimuli accompanied by guided practice in coping skills, which might require 15 hours or more of training. Any preparatory communication is said to function as stress inoculation if it enables a person to increase his or her tolerance for subsequent threatening events, as manifested by behavior that is relatively efficient and stable rather than disorganized by anxiety or inappropriate as a result of denial of real dangers. Preparatory communications and related training procedures can be administered before or shortly after a person makes a commitment to carry out a stressful decision, such as undergoing surgery or a painful series of medical treatments. When successful, the process is called stress inoculation because it may be analogous to what happens when people are inoculated to produce antibodies that will prevent a disease.
Methoden klinischer Ethik

In der medizinischen Ethik geht es um Entscheidungen, die allemal schwierig sind. Die existentialistischen Philosophen haben uns auf die Schwierigkeit aufmerksam gemacht, die mit dem Akt der Entscheidung an sich verbunden ist in Anbetracht der Wirkung, die Entscheidungen auf die Konstituierung des Selbst haben. Arzte und Ethikexperten sind sich dieser Schwierigkeit bewust; zumindest in dem Sinne, das jede echte Entscheidung einen dazu zwingt, auf wichtige Moglichkeiten zu verzichten und sich und seine „Ressourcen“ dann voll fur eine bestimmte Option einzusetzen.
Ulcerative Colitis and Familial Polyposis

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic idiopathic illness that causes cramping abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. It is managed medically but can only be cured surgically. However, there is significant morbidity associated with the surgical remedies. For this reason, families and gastroenterologists generally utilize medical management until the affected children have suffered considerable morbidity. When finally coming to surgical therapy, it is unusual for the child to be doing well with minimal toxicity from the medical therapy.
Shear Wave Wedge for Laser Ultrasonics

Ultrasonic shear waves are a useful tool for determining the mechanical properties of various materials. One example is the use of shear waves to measure viscosity. The viscosity can be determined from the shear wave reflection coefficient. The reflection coefficient from a solid-liquid interface is a function of the viscosity and density of the liquid, as well as the angle of incidence and the material properties of the solid. [1,2]
Marx’ Dialectical Method (1857–1883)

In the Grundrisse and Capital Marx’ method and epistemology are quite different from the positions he held on these matters in either the 1844 Manuscripts or the German Ideology. Despite these differences, what Marx does in the Grundrisse and Capital is to find a middle ground between his two earlier outlooks and indeed to work elements of them into a new synthesis. It is my contention then that neither the essential unity view, which accepts no fundamental shifts in Marx’ thought and often tends to see his epistemology as a social subjectivism, nor Althusser’s view, which argues a complete rupture and characterizes Marx’ epistemology as a radical anti-empiricism, is an accurate description of the development of Marx’ thought.
A Low-Dispersion Time Differencing Scheme for Maxwell’s Equations

A novel low-dispersion time differencing scheme for the integration of Maxwell’s equations is developed. The method employs a staggered temporal grid with a time difference operator that controls the magnitude of dispersion errors. It is tested within the physical domains employing fourth-order finite difference approximations but can be combined with grids using any order of accuracy, including the spectral grids. Stability analysis demonstrates that the proposed method achieves third- and fourth-order accuracies for amplitude and phase errors, respectively, outperforming the second-order phase error produced by the finite-difference time-domain methods based on the Yee scheme. The order of accuracy accomplished by the method and its zone of stability are comparable to the third-order Runge–Kutta scheme with the advantage of being three times more efficient. The proposed method is proven to be effective and stable when employed within the perfectly matched layers and nonlinear Kerr media. Its performance and ability to reduce the dispersion errors are demonstrated by comparing the solutions computed by the method with those obtained from the Yee and other high-order schemes.
Playing the Surgical Technologist Role by Surgery Residents Improves Their Technical and Nontechnical Skills.

Abstract Background The present study was designed to implement and evaluate an interprofessional surgical technologist-to-surgical resident training program for junior general surgery residents aimed at enhancing their operating room skills. This program would be incorporated into the general surgery educational curriculum. Material and methods Under the guidance and supervision of a surgical technologist, first-year and second-year general surgery residents performed the perioperative and intraoperative tasks that are the responsibilities of the surgical technologist for 16 inguinal/umbilical hernia and 15 laparoscopic appendectomy/cholecystectomy operations performed by attending surgeons assisted by other surgical residents from June 01, 2017 until December 31, 2017. A pretraining and post-training survey comprised 25 ranked questions (using a four-point Likert scale), and four Yes/No questions were administered to volunteer general surgery residents. Results Paired t-test analysis showed that playing the role of the surgical technologist by the junior surgery residents significantly improved (P Conclusions The findings of this study suggest a significant educational benefit of incorporating interprofessional, surgical technologist-to-surgical resident training into the educational curriculum of the junior general surgery residents.
Progress on the regulation of myofibrillar function: Part 2

The second of two special issues on contractile systems charts further progress towards an understanding of myofilament regulation.
The contribution of collecting duct NOS1 to the concentrating mechanisms in male and female mice

The collecting duct (CD) concentrates the urine, thereby maintaining body water volume and plasma osmolality within a normal range. The endocrine hormone arginine vasopressin acts in the CD to incr...
Intracardiac echocardiographic evaluation of ventricular mural swelling from radiofrequency ablation in chronic myocardial infarction: irrigated-tip versus standard catheter.

Introduction: The production of larger, particularly deeper lesions may improve the success rate for radiofrequency (RF) ablation of post infarction ventricular tachycardia (VT). Therapeutic RF ablation causes left ventricular (LV) mural swelling. This swelling can be detected as increased wall thickness at the ablation site by intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) and correlates with pathologic lesion size. This study compared the extent of mural swelling caused by linear ablation lesions created with irrigated tip and standard RF ablation in a porcine model of healed anterior infarction. Methods and Results: In anesthetized closed-chest swine ICE guided multiple RF applications to construct linear lesions at the border zone of the infarct region using an irrigated RF (n=6 swine) and a standard RF (n=6 swine) ablation catheter. 47 individual lesions were created with irrigated RF ablation; 57 lesions created with standard RF ablation. At all sites, wall thickness (measured at end-diastole Pre- and 1[emsp4 ]min Post-RF delivery) increased following either irrigated (p<0.0001) or standard (p<0.004) RF deployment. Irrigated RF ablation produced more mural swelling at border zone sites than standard RF ablation (wall thickness increase of 21.2 versus 15.1 %, p<0.003). This difference was more pronounced at RF sites within the infarct (40.7 versus 12.0 %, p<0.0007). Thrombus formation or intramural explosion were not observed; surface crater formation was not more frequent with irrigated compared to standard RF ablation (14/47 versus 12/57 lesions, p=NS). Conclusion: Irrigated RF ablation may produce larger lesions than standard RF ablation, particularly for ablation targets within infarcted tissue. ICE imaging provides on line data about the characteristics of the developing lesion which may prove useful in dosing irrigated-tip RF energy application.
1955 Hysterectomy Complications Relative to Hemoglobin A1c

Study Objective To evaluate the risk of postoperative complications among diabetic and nondiabetic patients stratified by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Design A statewide collaborative quality initiative database was queried to identify 41,286 hysterectomies performed at 63 hospitals from January 1, 2013 to April 30, 2018. A specialized clinical quality reviewer abstracted medical record data including Diabetes Mellitus (DM) diagnosis. DM was present when the condition was managed >2 weeks prior to surgery, and/orifHbA1c >6.5%. The preoperative HbA1c closest to and not more than 90 days before surgery was abstracted when available. Complications included acute renal failure, pneumonia, surgical site infection, cardiac dysfunction, VTE, sepsis, unplanned intubation, cardiac arrest, MI, and stroke. A sensitivity analysis identified thresholds of complications by DM diagnosis stratified by HbA1c. A mixed, multivariate logistic regression model was developed to identify independent associations between DM stratified by HbA1cand risk of complications adjusted for age, BMI >35, surgical approach, medical comorbidities, and clustering by hospital. Setting NA Patients or Participants NA Interventions NA Measurements and Main Results The sensitivity analysis identified four groups of risk for postoperative complications—1) no DM and no HbA1c; 2) no DM with HbA1c normal or increased to 6.5%; 3) DM and noHbA1c or HbA1c Conclusion Diabetes diagnosis and measurement of preoperative HbA1c each independently provide risk stratification for postoperative complications after hysterectomy, with the highest observed risk among diabetics with a preoperative HbA1c ≥9%.
The Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome

Animal models of the alcohol-dependent state, now readily available in many species, show that a withdrawal reaction can be produced whenever intoxication has been continuously maintained, even for short periods of time. The development of the tolerant/dependent state resembles a physiological adaptation in two ways: (1) the animal is no longer much affected by the drug, and (2) withdrawal reveals a condition of CNS hyperexcitability that is the opposite of the primary drug effect. This adaptation is believed to arise in response to ethanol’s disordering effect in cell membranes (increased membrane fluidity). Spectrometric techniques such as electron spin resonance and fluorescence polarization reveal that cell membranes of ethanol-withdrawn animals are often abnormally rigid and resistant to ethanol-induced disorder, and it is thought that these changes may correspond to physical dependence and tolerance, respectively. Alterations in the chemical composition of the membranes can often (but not always) explain the abnormal physical properties. The relation between membrane order and ethanol-induced behavioral states is not known in detail, but these observations form a basis for a rational picture of the biochemical changes responsible for the withdrawal syndrome.
Complete gastroesophageal junction avulsion after near drowning: A case report and review of literature

Abstract Introduction Gastroesophageal (GE) junction injuries are rare in the pediatric population. A complete GE junction separation in a child secondary to trauma has not reported in the literature yet. Presentation of case A 14-year-old boy presented with a complete GE junction avulsion after a near-drowning experience. He underwent immediate damage control surgery and delayed gastric pull-up esophageal reconstruction in 3-months. At the most recent clinic visit 5 months from the reconstruction, he can tolerate a regular diet without difficulty and is gaining weight and recovering well. Conclusion Complete GE junction injuries and avulsions are rare with limited data to guide management. These injuries are associated with mortality rates from 25% to 33%, therefore, high index of suspicion, prompt recognition and careful surgical planning is needed for favorable outcomes.
Update (2.0) to MiniSurf—A minimal surface generator for finite element modeling and additive manufacturing

Author(s): Hsieh, Meng-Ting; Valdevit, Lorenzo | Abstract: This is an update to PII: S2665963820300178.We present an updated version v2.0 of our minimal surface generator MiniSurf v1.0, that creates triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) computer-aided design (CAD) files for both finite element modeling and additive manufacturing. Besides making the GUI more user-friendly, in this new version we significantly improve the mesh quality of the generated CAD files by incorporating a mesh smoothing feature. With this new smoothing feature, MiniSurf v2.0 can now produce high quality CAD files for more accurate finite element modeling and more precise additive manufacturing.
Power Counting and \beta Function in NRQCD

A computation of the NRQCD $\beta$ function both in the Lorentz gauge family and in the Coulomb gauge to one loop order endorses a velocity power counting scheme for dimensionally regularised NRQCD. In addition to the ultrasoft scale represented by bremsstrahlung gluons and the potential scale with Coulomb gluons and on-shell quarks, a soft r\'egime is identified in which energies and momenta are of order $Mv$, gluons are on shell and the quark propagator becomes static. The instantaneous gluon propagator has a non-zero vacuum polarisation only because of contributions from this r\'egime, irrespective of the gauge chosen. Rules are derived which allow one to read up from a given graph whether it is zero because of the homogene{\ia}ty of dimensional regularisation. They also apply to threshold expansion and are used to prove that ultrasoft quarks with energy and momentum of order $Mv^2$ decouple from the theory.
Do assessments of cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness influence subsequent reported physical activity? A randomized controlled trial.

Regular physical activity and exercise provide many health benefits. These health benefits are mediated in large part through cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength. As most individuals have not had an assessment of their personal cardiorespiratory fitness or muscular strength we investigated if measurements of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength would influence an individual’s subsequent self-reported exercise and physical activity. Volunteer subjects at a State Fair were randomized in 1:1 parallel fashion to control and intervention groups. The baseline Exercise Vital Sign (EVS) and type of physical activity were obtained from all subjects. The intervention group received estimated maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) using a step test and muscular strength using a hand grip dynamometer along with age-specific norms for both measurements. All subjects were provided exercise recommendations. Follow up surveys were conducted at 3, 6 and 12 months regarding their EVS and physical activity. One thousand three hundred fifteen individuals (656 intervention, 659 control) were randomized with 1 year follow up data obtained from 823 subjects (62.5%). Baseline mean EVS was 213 min/week. No change in EVS was found in either group at follow-up (p = 0.99). Subjects who were less active at baseline (EVS < 150) did show an increase in EVS (86 to 146) at 6 months (p < 0.05). At 3 months the intervention group increased resistance training (29.1 to 42.8%) compared to controls (26.3 to 31.4%) (p < 0.05). Lifestyle physical activity increased in the intervention group at 3 months (27.7 to 29.1%) and 6 months (25%) whereas it declined in the control group at 3 months (24.4 to 20.1%) and 6 months (18.7%) (p < 0.05). Providing VO2max estimates and grip strength did not produce an increase in overall physical activity. The EVS and exercise recommendations did however produce an increase in physical activity in less active individuals. In a very active population the VO2max estimate and measured grip strength did increase lifestyle activity and resistance training. Wider adoption of these measures could be effective in promoting physical activity and resistance training. clinicaltrials.gov NCT03518931 Registered 05/08/2018 -retrospectively registered.
Toward an Abolitionist Practice of Psychology: Reimagining Psychology’s Relationship With the Criminal Justice System:

The social justice uprisings that have stemmed from several recent highly publicized murders of Black people by police have shed increasing light on the systems of oppression, inequity, and white s...
End of the line: environmental justice, energy justice, and opposition to power lines

This study draws on environmental and energy justice research to develop the analysis of energy infrastructure opposition from a justice perspective. A comprehensive data set of 70 cases of opposit...
High-resolution 4H-SiC Schottky barrier radiation detectors on 250 micron epitaxial layers for harsh environment applications

Thick 4H-SiC epitaxial layers are essential for high-resolution detection of x- and gamma-rays in harsh environment. In this work, we have fabricated high-resolution Ni/n-4H-SiC Schottky barrier radiation detectors on 250 μm epitaxial layers, the highest thickness ever reported. Capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements showed a low-carrier concentration of ≈2 × 1014 cm-3 which based on simulations of the electric field allow the detectors to be fully depleted without break down. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics displayed low leakage currents of 10 μm. Both the long minority carrier diffusion length and high resolution were correlated to the low concentration of lifetime killing defects Z1/2 and EH6/7 (both associated with different charge states of carbon vacancy) found in the detector’s DLTS spectra
Effects of $9 Price Endings on Retail Sales: Evidence from Field Experiments

Although the use of $9 price endings is widespread amongst US retailers there is little evidence of their effectiveness. In this paper, we present a series of three field-studies in which price endings were experimentally manipulated. The data yield two conclusions. First, use of a $9 price ending increased demand in all three experiments. Second, the increase in demand was stronger for new items than for items that the retailer had sold in previous years. There is also some evidence that $9 price endings are less effective when retailers use “Sale” cues. Together, these results suggest that $9-endings may be more effective when customers have limited information, which may in turn help to explain why retailers do not use $9 price endings on every item.
Marasmus in a 17-month-old Laotian: Impact of folk beliefs on health

The recent influx of Southeast Asians from Laos, Viet Nam, Cambodia, and Thailand into the United States has introduced a variety of foreign cultures into Western society. At times these cultures and folk beliefs clash with those of Western society. These beliefs frequently have ramifications on the health of individuals and implications for accommodation requirements for our health care system. Laos is comprised of a variety of ethnic groups including the Lao, Tai, Hmong, and Ka tribes.1 Each ethnic group has its own endogenous beliefs, but a belief in spirits or phi is evident in each. The following account is that of a Lao family, whose ethnic group accounts for 50% of the Laos population and 20% of the immigrants in the Twin Cities metropolitan area.
Quasi-planar FinFETs with selectively grown germanium raised source/drain

Double-gate MOSFETs are attractive because they can be scaled to the shortest gate length for a given gate oxide thickness. Recent studies suggest that double gate devices can meet performance requirements down to 10 nm gate length. The FinFET was introduced and is a promising double-gate structure. A simplified, quasi-planar version of the FinFET exhibiting, excellent performance was presented. Short channel effects can be suppressed in the FinFET provided that the gate length is at least 1.4 times the fin thickness. The source/drain (S/D) thin fin extension regions are highly resistive so it is essential to minimize the length of the S/D thin fin extensions. In this work, we combine the simplicity of the new FinFET process flow with a selective Ge growth technique to present the first raised S/D quasi-planar FinFET devices.
The Role of Workplace Control in Positive Health and Wellbeing

The focus on job control in the workplace has largely rested on how its absence can contribute to negative outcomes, such as disease and impaired wellbeing. The role of job control also acts as a buffer between stressful job conditions and such outcomes have received considerable attention. However, job control may also directly contribute to positive employee health and wellbeing beyond the mere absence of physical or psychological disorder or illness. This chapter examines the potential role of job control in positive happiness, health, and wellbeing, as well as occupational adjustment and success.