cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of residual activity in two syringe types for MPI doses

2650 Objectives Lowering overall MPI dose to the patient is and ongoing mission in most nuclear cardiology labs. The process of reducing MPI doses, in a single-day protocol, starts with having a consistency of practice, and lowering the total patient dose centers on the reliability of the resting dose delivery. Methods Mayo Clinic Arizona compared retained residual activity in two different vendor syringes; Becton, Dickinson 3cc with blunt cannulas and Doupross 3cc syringe with blunt cannulas were trialed. Both resting and stress doses were assayed prior to injection and then re-assayed after injection to obtain the residual activity. Several weeks of data were recorded to ensure an appropriate data sample size. Results Residual for Becton, Dickinson 3cc syringes was found to be higher on average with a much greater variability as compared to Doupross 3cc syringes. Residual measurements using Becton, Dickinson 3cc doubled from rest to stress doses. In contrast, the residual for the Doupross 3cc syringes remained consistent regardless of resting or stress dose activity. Conclusions The consistently low variability in residual activity demonstrated using the Doupross 3cc syringes allows for further reduction of overall MPI rest and stress dosing. Given that Mayo Clinic Arizona follows 4:1 stress to rest dosing guidelines, the Doupross product allows for a high degree of confidence in dosing which is crucial as activity is lowered based on patient imaging characteristics.
Belief in Token Resistance and Type of Resistance as Predictors of Men's Perceptions of Date Rape

We investigated the relationship between men's degree of belief in token resistance to sexual advances—that women say no when they mean yes—and the perception that date rape has occurred. We hypothesized that men who more strongly adhere to this belief would be less likely to perceive that a rape had occurred when a woman was forced to engage in coitus and she had only verbally resisted the advances of the male (compared to physically resisting), whereas men who do not hold this belief would perceive rape to have occurred when either verbal or physical resistance was offered. Undergraduate men (N = 332) completed scales measuring several predispositional constructs, read a scenario involving a date rape, and answered questions concerning the scenario. Those with a stronger belief in token resistance perceived less date rape overall, and they were less sensitive to verbal refusal than those with a weaker belief. The possibility that combined verbal and physical resistance may send a mixed message to men wh...
Tunable aggregation by competing biomolecular interactions.

Measurements and models are reported for Concanavalin A (ConA) mediated aggregation of dextran coated colloids that is tunable via a competing ConA–glucose interaction. Video and confocal scanning laser microscopy were used to characterize ConA adsorption to dextran colloids and quasi-2D dextran coated colloid aggregation kinetics vs [ConA] and [glucose]. ConA adsorption to, and aggregation rates of, dextran coated colloids increased from negligible values to high coverage and rapid rates for increasing [ConA] in the range 0.1–10 mM and decreasing [glucose] in the range 1–100 mM, consistent with dissociation constant estimates. Analysis of colloidal aggregation kinetics indicates ConA bridge formation is the rate-limiting step controlling the transition from slow to rapid aggregation. Our findings reveal a mechanism for tuning colloidal interactions and aggregation kinetics through specific, competitive biomolecular interactions, which lends insights into aggregation phenomena in mixed synthetic-biomateri...
The Brief Introduction of Categories and characteristics of Radio frequency therapy device

Make a Summary of the Categories and Characteristics of Radio Frequency Therapy Device Made in China
Diagnosisand Investigation of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli.

Although most Escherichia coli are harmless commensals of the human intestine, certain specific, highly-adapted E. coli strains are capable of causing urinary tract, systemic or enteric/diarrheagenic infection. Diarrheagenic E coli are divided into six distinct categories, or pathotypes, each with a distinct pathogenic scheme (Table 1). Combined, diarrheagenic E coli have emerged as perhaps the most important enteric pathogens of man. In the developing world, the E coli categories account for more cases of gastroenteiltis among infants than any other cause (1) In addition, E coli are also the most common cause of traveller's diarrhea, which afflicts more than one million travellers to the developing world annually (1). Enterohemorrhagic E coli (EHEC) are the cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which has become a major foodborne threat in many parts of the developed world (2). Table 1 Categories of Diarrheagenic E. coli Category Toxins Invasion Virulence plasmid Adhesin Clinical syndrome ETEC LT, ST - Many CFA/I, CFA/II, CFA/IV, others Watery diarrhea EPEC - + 60 MDa Bundle-forming pilus Watery diarrhea of infants EHEC SLT-1, SLT-2 - 60 MDa( a ) Intimin, Fimbriae( a ) Hemorrhagic colitis, HUS EAEC EAST1( a ) ? 65 MDa( a ) AAF/I, AAF/I Watery, persistent diarrhea EIEC EIET( a ) +++ 140 MDa Ipa's(?) Watery diarrhea, dysentery DAEC ? ? ? F1845( a ) Watery diarrhea ( a )Role in pathogenesis unproven.
Cannibalism as an Indication of Pollen Insufficiency in Honeybees: Ingestion or Recapping of Manually Exposed Pupae

SummaryPrepupae and pupae in free-flying colonies, exposed by manual uncapping of their sealed cells, were either destroyed or recapped (and reared). The percentage destroyed was not influenced by the total number of cells uncapped (which was less than 200 on one side of a brood frame). The proportion of brood recapped or destroyed was variable in the same colony on different dates, between different colonies on the same date, and between colonies of different populations. The proportion of uncapped cell-occupants destroyed decreased as their age increased; it increased with the degree of pollen deprivation in the colony.
Pragmatism, Freedom, and Responsibility

An account of the justification of morality presupposes a defense of the existence of free will and the viability of our practice of holding people morally responsible for their actions.1 Most meta-ethicists are content merely to justify morality, and leave the task of defending a viable account of free will to the metaphysicists.
Predictors of health-related quality of life and association with survival may identify colorectal cancer patients at high risk of poor prognosis

Purpose To investigate the mediators of health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and effect on overall survival.
A 2000-year history of disturbance and recovery at a sacred site in Peru's northeastern cloud forest

The last 2000 years in the tropical Andes was both a time of major pre-Hispanic and Hispanic period cultural developments, and increased climate variability. From c. AD 1000, Andean societies under...
Legal and Ethical Changes in Consultation Psychiatry

To illustrate how legal and ethical issues have changed over the past decade for the psychiatric consultant, we thought it would be instructive to compare how consultations on equivalent patients were handled in 1980 and 1990.
Precipitation of Iron Oxide from Alpha Fe-O Solid Solutions

Precipitation of FeO from Fe-O solid solutions has been studied by metallographic methods. Such precipitation, which is visible, is composed largely of barely resolvable spheroidal particles. No metallographic evidence has been found for grain boundary oxide films. Oxygen diffusion into a iron does not occur chiefly by inter-granular penetration.
Counseling Gifted Students: School-Based Considerations and Strategies

Gifted students are a heterogeneous group, inclusive of those of all cultures, backgrounds, interests, and achievements. Gifted students may not display any more or worse psychological, social, or developmental challenges than their peers, but they also are not immune from these challenges. Moreover, the nature of their giftedness may impact both how they experience a challenge and how a counselor might best support them. This article provides information regarding some developmental, emotional, and social challenges faced by gifted youth, as well as some suggestions for appropriate school-based counseling strategies.
Do mental health mobile apps work: evidence and recommendations for designing high-efficacy mental health mobile apps.

Smartphone-based mental health apps represent a unique opportunity to expand the availability and quality of mental health treatment. The number of mobile health (mHealth) apps focused on mental health has rapidly increased; a 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) survey of 15,000 mHealth apps revealed that 29% focus on mental health diagnosis, treatment, or support (1).
Newton’s Regulae Philosophandi

Newton’s Regulae philosophandi — the rules for reasoning in natural philosophy — are maxims of causal reasoning and induction. This chapter reviews their significance for Newton’s method of inquiry, as well as their application to particular propositions within the Principia. Two main claims emerge. First, the rules are not only interrelated, they defend various facets of the same core idea: that nature is simple and orderly by divine decree, and that, consequently, human beings can be justified in inferring universal causes from limited phenomena, if only fallibly. Second, the rules make substantive ontological assumptions on which Newton’s argument in the Principia relies.
Collaborative Deep Metric Learning for Video Understanding

The goal of video understanding is to develop algorithms that enable machines understand videos at the level of human experts. Researchers have tackled various domains including video classification, search, personalized recommendation, and more. However, there is a research gap in combining these domains in one unified learning framework. Towards that, we propose a deep network that embeds videos using their audio-visual content, onto a metric space which preserves video-to-video relationships. Then, we use the trained embedding network to tackle various domains including video classification and recommendation, showing significant improvements over state-of-the-art baselines. The proposed approach is highly scalable to deploy on large-scale video sharing platforms like YouTube.
Simulating PV System Performance with Component Reliability Distributions

A feature developed by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) for simulating PV system component reliability has been integrated into the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's System Advisor Model (SAM). The PV Reliability Performance Model (PV-RPM) uses fault/failure and repair distributions to estimate impacts to power, energy production and operational costs. Realization results include the number of failures per component, failure rate, O&M costs incurred based on maintenance strategies, and energy lost based on the failure estimates. As the inputs are inherently uncertain and based on probability distributions, the model realizations include statistical confidence intervals to help bracket the probability that the sample interval contains the true mean value of the variable in question. This paper presents the current validation efforts and provides detail on how this feature is utilized in a PV performance model.
Abstract P169: Characterization of the Peak Exercise Blood Pressure Response During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in African American and Caucasian American Men

Objective: It has well been established that African American (AA) individuals have higher overall incidence and prevalence of hypertension compared to their Caucasian American (CA) counterparts. H...
Computational study on the removal of photolabile protecting groups by photochemical reactions

Abstract The application and versatility of photolabile protecting groups (PPGs) have continued to expand since their inception almost 50 years ago. In the present work we employ density functional theory (DFT) to characterize ground and excited state properties of several compounds with PPGs and to explore possible, controllable photodissociation reactions that remove these PPGs. The reaction mechanism is examined by analyzing the DFT results as well as dynamical simulations of nonadiabatic electron transfer reactions using multilayer multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree theory. The photoexcited compounds appear to undergo ultrafast back electron transfer to the ground electronic state via internal conversion. For some compounds, the electronic-nuclear couplings facilitate sufficient photo energy transfer to the nuclear degrees of freedom that dominate the reaction coordinate, leading to the dissociation reaction that removes the PPGs.
Structural mapping with fiber tractography of the human cuneate fasciculus at microscopic resolution in cervical region.

Abstract Human spinal white matter tract anatomy has been mapped using post mortem histological information with the help of molecular tracing studies in animal models. This study used 7 Tesla diffusion MR tractography on a human cadaver that was harvested 24 hours post mortem to evaluate cuneate fasciculus anatomy in cervical spinal cord. Based on this method, for the first time much more nuanced tractographic anatomy was used to investigate possible new routes for cuneate fasciculus in the posterior and lateral funiculus. Additionally, current molecular tracing studies were reviewed, and confirmatory data was presented along with our radiological results. Both studies confirm that upon entry to the spinal cord, upper cervical level tracts (C1-2-3) travel inside lateral funiculus and lower level tracts travel medially inside the posterior funiculus after entry at posterolateral sulcus which is different than traditional knowledge of having cuneate fasciculus tracts concentrated in the lateral part of posterior funiculus.
Corollary Discharge Mechanisms during Vocal Production in Marmoset Monkeys

Abstract Interactions between motor systems and sensory processing are ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom and play an important role in many sensory-motor behaviors, including both human speech and animal vocalization. During vocal production, the auditory system plays important roles in both encoding feedback of produced sounds, allowing one to self-monitor for vocal errors, while simultaneously maintaining sensitivity to the outside acoustic environment. Supporting these roles is an efferent motor-to-sensory signal known as a corollary discharge. In this review, we summarize recent work on the role of such signaling during vocalization in the marmoset monkey, a non-human primate model of social vocal communication.
Alcohol marketing policy and advertising exposure in low and middle income Latin American countries

While it is presumed that alcohol marketing policies decrease adolescent exposure to alcohol advertising, scientific literature on the topic is sparse. The current study sought to determine if alco...
Introduction to AI Fairness

Today, AI is used in many high-stakes decision-making applications in which fairness is an important concern. Already, there are many examples of AI being biased and making questionable and unfair decisions. Recently, the AI research community has proposed many methods to measure and mitigate unwanted biases, and developed open-source toolkits for developers to make fair AI. This course will cover the recent development in algorithmic fairness, including the many different definitions of fairness, their corresponding quantitative measurements, and ways to mitigate biases. This course is open to beginners and is designed for anyone interested in the topic of AI fairness.
Community-based program to increase use of hearing conservation practices among farm and rural youth: a cluster randomized trial of effectiveness

Noise exposure and associated hearing loss affects an estimated 2 million farm youth who are exposed as farm residents, farm family workers, hired workers, children of migrant or seasonal workers, and farm visitors. Risk factors for farm youth include frequent exposure to high farm noise; farm work from an early age, and exposure to high recreational noise (e.g., firearms, ATVs, and personal listening devices). This study compared the effectiveness of two interventions and control. The programs included a community-based interactive youth educational program alone (Group A), a community-based interactive youth educational program followed by an Internet-based booster (Group B), and a no-interaction control (Group C). The study used a cluster randomized control design, with equal allocation ratio to each cluster, without blinding. Inclusion criteria included enrollment in grade 4, parental consent, English speaking, and attending a community-based educational event included in the cluster sampling. A total of 1979 youth were enrolled at 36 sites distributed across the 3 study arms in the following distribution: N = 662 in 13 sites (Group A), N = 680 in 12 sites (Group B), and N = 637 in 11 sites (Group C). Comparison with pre-intervention data showed no difference in intent to use hearing conservation strategies in experimental groups. However, knowledge and attitudes toward hearing conservation were improved in the groups receiving the Internet-based booster. Participants reported frequent exposure to sources of hazardous noise (e.g., loud sporting events, firecrackers, personal listening devices). It is feasible and acceptable to incorporate hearing health education into an already existing system designed to deliver health and safety educational programming to farm and rural youth. The program was adopted by the partner agency for dissemination to up to 100,000 youth annually. Results of this study inform future intervention studies, interventions aimed at farm youth, and interventions to increase use of hearing conservation strategies, as well as offer a base for developing programs for non-English speaking children. Clinicaltrials.gov registration CT02472821 . Date of trial registration: 06/09/2015 (retrospectively registered).
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: A high incidence of metastatic disease to lymph nodes.

BACKGROUND Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (ESMC) is a rare type of soft-tissue sarcoma with limited series reporting outcome of treatment. Currently there is limited data on the incidence and impact on patient outcome in those with metastatic disease to lymph nodes in ESMC. METHODS Thirty (21 males, 9 females) patients, mean age 50 ± 16 years, with ESMC were reviewed. The tumors were most commonly located in the lower extremity (n = 23, 77%) and the mean tumor size and volume were 9 ± 5 cm and 490 ± 833 cm3 . Mean follow up was 7 ± 4 years. RESULTS Six (20%) patients either presented (n = 3, 10%) or developed (n = 3, 10%) lymph node metastatic disease. When comparing patients without, with lymph node metastasis and metastasis elsewhere, patients with lymph nodes metastasis had worse survival than those without metastasis, however better 10-year disease specific survival than those with metastasis elsewhere (100% vs 62% vs 0%; P < .001). CONCLUSION There is a high incidence of lymph node metastatic disease in patients with ESMC. Although survival in these patients is worse compared to those without metastasis, their survival is better than those with metastasis elsewhere. Due to the high incidence of lymph node metastatic disease, preoperative staging of the lymph node should be considered.
Optimal PAM Order for Wireline Communication

High-order Pulse-Amplitude Modulation (PAM) provides the possibility to enhance the overall data rate in a serial data communication system, while keeping the symbol rate low. The rigid trade-offs between Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and sensitivity to Inter-Symbol-Interference (ISI), however, put some limitations on the order of PAM, depending on channel response. This article presents a methodological approach, in which different design aspects affecting link budget, such as noise, jitter, and quantization noise, will be studied. A similar procedure, is suggested to be implemented to find the optimal PAM order for different channel responses. Alternatively, this article suggests using a flexible serial data transceiver that can adapt different parameters, including PAM order, depending on channel response and target data rate.
Shape-Based Strategy for Inverse Estimation of Soft Tissue Mechanical Material Properties from Untagged Medical Imaging Data

AbstractA computational approach is presented to estimate the in vivo magnitude and spatial distribution of mechanical material properties of soft tissues. This strategy utilizes an optimization-ty...
Exposure to Unconventional Oil and Gas Development and All-cause Mortality in Medicare Beneficiaries

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Wide-scale adoption of Unconventional Oil and Gas Development (UOGD) has changed the domestic and global energy landscape. However, little is known about whether and how UOGD im...
Showing Seeing in Film

In this paper, we describe two film conventions for representing what a character sees: point of view (POV) and sight link. On a POV interpretation, the viewpoint of a shot represents the viewpoint of a particular character; while in sight link, a shot of a character looking off-screen is associated with a shot of what they are looking at. Our account of both treats them as spatial in nature, and relates them to similar spatial interpretative principles that generalize beyond character eyelines. We additionally observe that whether the object shot in a sight link takes a POV interpretation depends on whether the glance shot precedes or follows it. We offer a processing account of this effect of order on interpretation, which relies on the assumption that spatial coherence in film is established by incremental viewpoint grounding.
RNA encoded by the IR1-U2 region of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in latently infected, growth-transformed cells.

Abstract The IR1-U2 region of Epstein-Barr virus DNA consists of multiple copies of a 3.1-kilobase (kb) repeat sequence, IR1, which maps to the left of a 3.3-kb unique region, U2. Although hybridizations of cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNA from latently infected cells to viral DNA indicate that the IR1-U2 region encodes a substantial fraction of the viral RNA in these cells, only a single low-abundance 3-kb cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNA has been identified on Northern blots. Further analysis of the cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNA encoded by the IR1-U2 region indicates that (i) the RNA is transcribed from left to right; (ii) there are only three copies of the 3-kb RNA per cell; and (iii) the RNA is spliced. The RNA hybridizes to possibly contiguous 0.56- and 1.3-kb U2 domains. These domains and part of IR1 hybridize to the 3-kb cytoplasmic RNA. DNA between IR1 and the 0.56-kb U2 domain does not hybridize to the 3-kb RNA. The CCAAT-34 nucleotide-TATAA sequence in IR1 may be part of the promotor for the 3-kb cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNA since (i) it enables left-to-right transcription of IR1 by a HeLa cell extract, and (ii) latently infected cells contain giant polyadenylated nuclear RNAs which differ in size by 3 kb, as would be expected if transcription initiates in any copy of IR1 and continues through the rightward remaining copies into U2.
A natural language interface for information retrieval from forms on the World Wide Web

This paper presents an approach for retrieving information from forms on the world wide web from natural language input. The structured nature of the form can be utilized to process natural language input for querying data sources on the web that provide form interfaces. Since the valid values for each field can be determined from the form itself or by a user of the form, the form can be filled out be looking for these values in the natural language user input. Since it is possible for a particular value to be valid for more than one field, the surrounding context must be used to determine the correct field for an ambiguous value. A statistical disambiguation method based on n-gram statistics is proposed. It was shown that this method works better than using single context words for disambiguation when the domain is limited.
The Marketers’ Prismatic Palette: A Review of Color Research and Future Directions

Color carries meaning and can influence consumers’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Many disciplines, such as neuroscience, psychophysics, visual cognition, and biology have used new technologies to gain insights in understanding the complexities of color perception, yet there exists relatively little research in the field of marketing. This paper aims to reestablish the importance of color research in marketing, draw attention to the complex nature of this research, and to fuel further investigation and the development of new insights about color as it relates to marketing. The authors offer an integrated conceptual framework centered on the embodied and referential meanings of color and highlight the complexities and nuances that researchers must consider in order to develop this area. Insights from and gaps in the extant literature are highlighted to present a set of questions and propositions for future research in this area of investigation.
NURB curves and surfaces: from projective geometry to practical use

NURBS (Non-uniform rational B-splines) have become a de facto standard for geometric definition in CAD/CAM and computer graphics. This book covers NURBS from their geometric beginnings to their industrial applications. The text begins with an introduction to projective geometry for which only an elementary background in linear algebra is necessary. Conics are then treated in terms of projective geometry as well as rational quadratic NURBS. A similar treatment is given to the general case of NURBS curves and surfaces. Each chapter concludes with a set of problems.
Features of Possible Polarized Photon Beams at High Energy and Corresponding Physics Programme or The Proton Structure Function Using Real Photons

In the range of electron energies available at Fermilab, 100 GeV ≤ E ≤ 500 GeV, coherent Bremsstrahlung in crystals, particularly diamond, gives a huge enhancement to the equivalent photon spectrum at large values of x where x = k/E. The photons in this enhancement are polarized. Requirements on electron beam energy spread, angular divergence and spot size imposed by the use of a diamond as a radiator are discussed. The physics program emphasizes hard processes and tests of QCD using polarization.
Reading (and Not Reading) Anonymity: Daniel Defoe, An Essay on the Regulation of the Press and A Vindication of the Press

In this essay I take up the anonymous An Essay on the Regulation of the Press (1704) and A Vindication of the Press (1718), both regularly attributed to Daniel Defoe. While the pamphlets themselves consider anonymity essential to a work being read and interpreted, paradoxically, twentieth- and twenty-first century critics insist on correct attribution as the starting point for interpretation. The consequences and benefits of authorial attribution to these, and other, minor works are not insignificant. The attribution of authorship to a known author ensures that a work will survive; it may even ensure that a work is subject to study and analysis. However, authorial attribution may also foreclose study and analysis because the attributed work, if it is to be by the named author, must be made to cohere within a larger body of work.
Different G_F and sin^2(theta_W) for different processes

A natural theoretical framework is presented which allows for small departures from quark-lepton universality such that different G_F and sin^2(theta_W) values are applicable for different processes. In particular, the inequality (G_F)^{NC}_{lq} < (G_F)^{CC}_{lq} < (G_F)^{CC}_{ll} < (G_F)^{NC}_{ll} holds. New physics is predicted at the TeV scale.
The Reentry Adult College Student: An Exploration of the Black Male Experience

This chapter shares findings from a qualitative study on reentry adult Black males’ postsecondary education experiences and identifies strategies to help this population matriculate through college and graduate.
An Ear-Worn Vital Signs Monitor

This paper presents a wearable vital signs monitor at the ear. The monitor measures the electrocardiogram (ECG), ballistocardiogram (BCG), and photoplethysmogram (PPG) to obtain pre-ejection period (PEP), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and pulse transit time (PTT). The ear is demonstrated as a natural anchoring point for the integrated sensing of physiological signals. All three signals measured can be used to obtain heart rate (HR). Combining the ECG and BCG allows for the estimation of the PEP, while combining the BCG and PPG allows for the measurement of PTT. Additionally, the J-wave amplitude of the BCG is correlated with the SV and, when combined with HR, yields CO. Results from a clinical human study on 13 subjects demonstrate this proof-of-concept device.
Metalloproteases of infective Ancylostoma hookworm larvae and their possible functions in tissue invasion and ecdysis

To infect their hosts, hookworm larvae must exsheath and migrate through connective tissue. A modified in vitro skin chamber was used to show that the human hookworm Ancylostoma duodenale and the zoonotic canine hookworm Ancylostoma caninum penetrate epidermis, basement membrane, and dermis in similar ways. These similarities in tissue invasion properties reflect the observed biochemical similarities in parasite protease composition. The larvae of both species contain protease activity that is inhibited by o-phenanthroline; this identifies the proteases as metalloproteases. The enzyme activities exhibit an alkaline pH optimum between pH 9 and 10. During modified sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in which a protein substrate (either casein or gelatin) was used, the protease activities resolved into a major band at an Mr of 68,000 and a minor band at an Mr of 38,000. Proteases were released by living A. caninum larvae in vitro and degraded purified and radiolabeled casein to smaller peptides. Motile hookworm larvae were also incubated with purified and radiolabeled connective tissue macromolecules in vitro. Both Ancylostoma species degraded human fibronectin to a 60,000-Mr polypeptide intermediate, but could not degrade solubilized bovine elastin or human laminin. In contrast, the obligate skin-penetrating nematode Strongyloides stercoralis degraded all three substrates. This biochemical difference may explain some observed differences in invasiveness.
Landau-Ginzburg perspective of finite-temperature phase diagrams of a two-component Fermi-Bose mixture

We consider a mixture of two-component Fermi and (one-component) Bose gases under the repulsive Bose-Fermi and attractive Fermi-Fermi interactions. We perform a systematic study of the finite-temperature phase diagrams in the chemical potential space, identifying, using the Landau-Ginzburg theory, the features generic to the phase diagrams within the validity of our model. We apply the theory to explore the physics of correlated BCS pairing among fermions in a tightly confined trap surrounded by a large Bose-Einstein condensate gas.
TRAINING VERB PRODUCTION IN COMMUNICATIVE CONTEXT: EVIDENCE FROM A PERSON WITH CHRONIC NON-FLUENT APHASIA

Background: The use of constraint‐induced treatment in aphasia therapy has yielded promising but mixed results. Aims: We conducted a treatment study with an individual with chronic non‐fluent aphasia. The goal of the treatment was to improve verb production in sentence and narrative contexts. Methods & Procedures: We administered a modified constraint‐induced aphasia treatment in a single‐participant design. Treatment emphasised the production of verbs within informative exchanges. Verb production in narratives was assessed before and after the treatment. Outcomes & Results: Results demonstrated a significant increase in the number of verbs produced during narrative generation following treatment. Moreover, a positive change was perceived by naive listeners who rated the social‐communicative impact of the participant's narratives. Conclusions: The increase in verb production seen in the post‐treatment measures is attributed to a combination of the constraints imposed on sentence production during the trea...
Mismatch Recognition Cycle in MutS and MSH2-MSH6 from Normal Mode Analysis and Simulations

Post-replication DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is crucial in ensuring genetic fidelity in prokaryots and eukaryots. The initial step of MMR is recognition of defective DNA by MutS or its eukaryotic homologs. Binding of MutS to mismatched DNA, the subsequent initiation of repair, and eventual recovery to a mismatch scanning mode is coupled to ATPase activity in MutS. Crystal structures of MutS and the eukaryotic MSH2:MSH6 system place the ATPase domain far away from the DNA binding domains, implicating a complex allosteric mechanism.Normal mode calculations and molecular dynamics simulations of MutS and MSH2:MSH6 structures were carried out to explore the coupling between DNA binding and ATPase activity. The mode analysis reveals conserved dynamics between the bacterial and eukaryotic complexes. Individual modes correlate ATPase activity with the probing of DNA kinking that is characteristic of mismatched DNA. Furthermore, differential ATPase activity between the MutS dimer moieties as observed experimentally is coupled to release of MutS from the mismatch during repair. Based on the calculations and consistent with available experimental data, a detailed mechanistic model of the allosteric conformational changes during DNA mismatch recognition by MutS is proposed.View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
The Use of Whey Permeates as Starter Media in Cheese Production

Abstract Permeate from Cheddar cheese whey was used as a medium for propagating several strains of mesophilic lactic acid streptococci. Propagations were carried out in whey permeate or whey permeate with 1.0% yeast extract. After each transfer, each culture was incubated for 16 to 18h at 20 or 30°C. For each of three propagation conditions, a two-way analysis of variance was performed to assess the effects of culture type and day of propagation on growth or final pH. After seven transfers in the media, an activity test was performed on each of the cultures to determine whether viability had been retained. T-Tests were conducted to compare differences in final pH attained in each activity test among cultures which had been propagated in the different media. Streptococcus lactis C 8 and Streptococcus cremoris TR were propagated for 5 d in permeate from Swiss cheese whey. These cultures were used as starters for making Colby cheese from whole milk and UF whole milk retentate. Acid development as measured by pH was more dependent upon the type of streptococcal strain used and day of propagation than growth. The incubation temperature during the propagation exerted more of an effect on acid development in the activity test than the addition of yeast extract. The cheeses made with the permeate cultures had pH close to 5.0. Total mesophilic cell populations of 8.0 log 10 cfu/ml were recovered from the cheeses through 4 mo of storage at 10°C.
Effects of Palliative Radiation Therapy on Nonsplenic Hemangiosarcoma in Dogs

Medical records for 20 dogs with histologically confirmed nonsplenic hemangiosarcomas treated with palliative radiation therapy were reviewed to evaluate factors influencing tumor response and survival time. The Kaplan-Meier median survival time of dogs that received palliative radiation therapy was 95 days (range 6 to 500 days). Subjective reduction in tumor size was seen in 14 dogs, with four complete responses. Tumor location was a significant univariate prognostic factor for survival, and dogs with retroperitoneal masses had longer survival times.
License Analysis of e-Journal Perpetual Access

Abstract In this paper we investigate the definitions of perpetual access and examine current studies on the attitudes and concerns towards perpetual access from both libraries and publishers separately. We then conduct a content analysis of 72 e-journal licenses to explore whether perpetual access clauses vary among commercial publishers and non-commercial publishers, whether clauses change over time, and whether differences exist between consortium and site licenses. Results suggest that different perpetual access clauses may be at different stages of institutionalization. Perpetual access clauses that are more institutionalized include: addressing perpetual access in license, providing perpetual access upon expiry of subscription, and specifying a location for perpetual access.
Effects of vibrational energy of the reactivity of ketene molecular ions by photoionization mass spectrometry

Abstract The major ion-molecule reaction pathways in ketene- d 2 have been studied by photoionization mass spectrometry and ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy. For process involving the molecular ion the variation of reaction cross section with ion vibrational state are pronounced. The threshold determined for the endothermic process CH 2 CO + + CH 2 CO → C 2 H + 4 + 2CO provides a novel confirmation of the recent redetermination of the heat of formation of ketene.
Effects of trichothecene structure on cytokine secretion and gene expression in murine CD4+ T-cells

Abstract The effects of trichothecene structure on cytokine secretion and gene expression were assessed in primary CD4 + T-cells from murine spleen. CD4 + T-cells were stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) for 2 or 7 days in the presence of various concentrations of the trichothecenes, vomitoxin (VT or deoxynivalenol), nivalenol (NIV), 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol (15-ADON), 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), T-2 toxin (T-2) and verrucarin A (Ver A). Culture supernatants were subsequently analyzed for interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and IL-5 by ELISA. At day 2, all trichothecenes were found to have inhibited production of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-S. However, at day 7, supernatant IL-2 was significantly increased (2–5.5-fold) in cultures containing VT, NIV, 3-ADON, and 15-ADON at 250, 250, 2500, and 1000 ng/ml doses, respectively, when compared to control Con A-stimulated cultures; significant increases in IL-2 were not observed with T-2 and Ver-A. Similarly, at day 7, IL-4 and IL-5 were significantly increased in the presence of VT (100 ng/ml), NIV (100 ng/ml), 3-ADON (1000 ng/ml), 15-ADON (500 ng/ml), T-2 (1 ng/ml), and Ver A (50 pg/ml, only IL-5) when compared to control cultures. IL production was inhibited at trichothecene concentrations exceeding the aforementioned optima. When total RNA of 2-day cultures was assessed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in conjunction with Southern analysis, IL-2 mRNA was also found to be superinduced by VT (50 and 100 ng/ml), NIV (50, 100 and 250 ng/ml), 3-ADON (1500 ng/ml), 15-ADON (100 ng/ml), T-2 (0.5 ng/ml) and Ver A (25, 50 and 100 pg/ml); IL-4 mRNA by VT (50 ng/ml), NIV (50 ng/ml), and Ver A (25, 50 and 100 pg/ml); IL-5 mRNA by VT (50 ng/ml); and IL-6 mRNA by 15-ADON (100 ng/ml) and Ver A (50 pg/ml). As the trichothecene concentration increased from these levels, inhibition of mRNA transcript levels was also observed for many of the interleukins. Taken together, the results suggest that trichothecenes as a group can either inhibit or superinduce both IL secretion and mRNA levels in CD4 + T-cells. Superinduction exhibited a rank order of macrocyclic > type A > type B trichothecenes and was dependent on acylation of the trichothecene nucleus.
A suggested adaptive value of toddler night waking: Delaying the birth of the next sibling

Abstract In industrial societies around 20% of children aged 1 to 3 years wake at night and cry enough to wake their parents. We suggest that instead of regarding this common behavior as pathological we might consider whether it is, or could once have been, an adaptive response. We suggest that one outcome of this behavior, plausibly adaptive, would be delaying the conception of the next sibling. This could happen if night wakers would, given the chance, suckle more often at night than nonworkers, which in turn would delay the return of ovulation. The delay would be of greater advantage to vulnerable children whose survivorship would be most threatened by the arrival of the next sibling. This suggestion is compared to the view that sleeping apart from parents is an abnormal situation to which we cannot expect all children to adapt.
The effects of smoking on the speaking fundamental frequency of adult women

The present study sought to investigate the effects of smoking on the speaking fundamental frequency of adult women. The results indicated that, in the reading condition, fundamental frequency for the smokers was significantly lower than fundamental frequency for the nonsmokers. Eighty-seven percent of the smokers examined by an otolaryngologist exhibited some abnormality in appearance of the vocal folds. The results also suggest that menopause may contribute to a lowering of the speaking fundamental frequency of adult women.
Tetramethylsqualene, a triterpene from Botryococcus braunii var. Showa

Abstract A new triterpene, tetramethylsqualene, produced by Botryococcus braunii var. showa , was isolated and characterized by NMR and mass spectroscopy. The compound is a squalene derivative with non-isoprenoid methyls at C-3, C-7, C-18, and C-22. Tetramethylsqualene was a minor component ( ca 0.2 %) of normal cultures; however, its concentration increased 20-fold in cultures supplemented with 2.1 mM l -methionine.
A chrome-alum fixative for the pituitary.

A fixative containing 5% chrome alum, 5% formalin and 5% mercuric chloride is capable of fixing the pituitary gland of the rat at room temperature overnight so that it can be stained with periodic acid-Schiff and with aldehyde-fuchsin, as well as the usual counterstains. The use of trivalent chromium in this fixative is of particular interest because of its importance in the cross-linking of proteins during tanning.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Applications in the Analysis of Tablets and Solid Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

Introduction The popularity of near-infrared (near-IR) spectroscopy is rapidly increasing for many reasons. Availability of inexpensive yet powerful computers and chemometric software for spectral data analysis is fostering the growth of new applications of the technique. The development of rapid-scanning spectrometers offering very high signal-to-noise ratios, an increased understanding and acceptance of the method in a variety of industries, and the need to maintain real-time process control in an era of total quality management are other reasons this method has begun to receive such attention. Near-IR spectroscopy has been used for a wide range of analyses in industries as diverse as biomedicine and petrochemicals. Although the pharmaceutical industry has been relatively slow to embrace this technique, a variety of pharmaceutical applications of near-IR have been identified and investigated. This review will discuss the development of near-IR spectroscopy for the analysis of pharmaceutical dosage forms...
Defensive Projection and the Reduction of Dissonance

Summary One hundred subjects were asked to rate themselves and others whom they had known for at least six months on the possession of four traits: Stinginess, Stubborness, Messiness, and Bashfulness. From these ratings it was determined whether or not the subjects possessed insight into their own personalities, with regard to these four traits. Information was then given to the subjects indicating to them their “true” possession of the traits. For those without insight, this information was dissonant. A second rating showed that those subjects receiving dissonant information responded to the dissonance by increasing their projection of that trait to others. These results supported the hypotheses that projection was due to a lack of insight, and that dissonance is reduced by increases in projection.
Dynamics of water-table fluctuations in an upland between two prairie-pothole wetlands in North Dakota

Data from a string of instrumented wells located on an upland of 55 m width between two wetlands in central North Dakota, USA, indicated frequent changes in water-table configuration following wet and dry periods during 5 years of investigation. A seasonal wetland is situated about 1.5 m higher than a nearby semipermanent wetland, suggesting an average ground water-table gradient of 0.02. However, water had the potential to flow as ground water from the upper to the lower wetland during only a few instances. A water-table trough adjacent to the lower semipermanent wetland was the most common water-table configuration during the first 4 years of the study, but it is likely that severe drought during those years contributed to the longevity and extent of the water-table trough. Water-table mounds that formed in response to rainfall events caused reversals of direction of flow that frequently modified the more dominant water-table trough during the severe drought. Rapid and large water-table rise to near land surface in response to intense rainfall was aided by the thick capillary fringe. One of the wettest summers on record ended the severe drought during the last year of the study, and caused a larger-scale water-table mound to form between the two wetlands. The mound was short in duration because it was overwhelmed by rising stage of the higher seasonal wetland which spilled into the lower wetland. Evapotranspiration was responsible for generating the water-table trough that formed between the two wetlands. Estimation of evapotranspiration based on diurnal fluctuations in wells yielded rates that averaged 3–5 mm day−1. On many occasions water levels in wells closer to the semipermanent wetland indicated a direction of flow that was different from the direction indicated by water levels in wells farther from the wetland. Misinterpretation of direction and magnitude of gradients between ground water and wetlands could result from poorly placed or too few observation wells, and also from infrequent measurement of water levels in wells.
Recognition and recall as measures of long-term retention

Acquisition and retention of a list of paired associates were measured either by cued recall or by multiple-choice recognition. The method of testing used during original learning was combined factorially with the type of test administered after a 1-week interval. Speed of learning to criterion under the two procedures was comparable. Long-term recognition was substantially higher than recall. This difference did not interact significantly with the method of learning. Recall benefited substantially from a prior test of recognition, but there was little effect when the order of tests was reversed. It is concluded that (a) both occurrence and retrieval information were stored under each condition of learning, and (b) occurrence information is less subject to forgetting than retrieval information.
Gain-assisted dispersion management in negative-index materials

We demonstrate that relatively weak material gain can be utilized as an effective tool to manipulate dispersion of negative index materials achieving, in particular, broadband impedance- or index-matching. Finite-size and unbounded media are discussed.