cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simulator Sickness during Head Mounted Display (HMD) of Real World Video Captured Scenes

The effect of viewing a display of the “real-world” via an HMD on simulator sickness was investigated. We hypothesized that simulator sickness would increase as time performing a task wearing an HMD increased. Also, we predicted that viewing a “real-world” display via an HMD compared to a control of not using an HMD would result in greater sickness. Participants made 200 head movements to look at eight different objects during two within-subjects conditions: (1) wearing an HMD and viewing a video display of the room; and (2) not wearing an HMD. Sickness scores were greater when viewing the room through the HMD and increased as time on task increased in both conditions. These findings suggested that characteristics of the HMD as well as task performance may have contributed to simulator sickness.
Federal riverbasin planning in the coastal zone: The long Island sound study

Abstract The Long Island Sound Study (LISS), completed in 1975 by the New England River Basins Commission, is an important case study in federal water planning in the coastal zone. To set the study in perspective, this article reviews the history and background of federal water planning which provided the concepts and attitudes which undergirded the LISS. The article then reviews the major recommendations of the LISS, showing how the study results were constrained by the institutional structure and attitudes inherited from past water planning practice. In every instance where the study made an innovative contribution, it was by transcending the limits of traditional planning practice, or by rejecting traditional assumptions. The experience of the LISS leads to several recommendations for using federal water planning institutions in coastal zone planning. Coastal zone management is fundamentally different from most other problems of federal water planning. This is because implementation will rest largely w...
Synthesis of polymer–polymer nanocomposites using radiation grafting techniques

Abstract Fabrication of polymer–polymer nanocomposites based on sub-micron electrospun fibers imbedded in a distinct matrix is dependent on being able to control the wetting behavior of the electrospun fibrous mats. In this work the use of radiation grafting to modify electrospun polysulfone fiber surfaces with acrylamide is presented. Pre-irradiation grafting using electron beam (EB) and plasma treatments have been evaluated. The grafted fibrous mats were characterized using contact angle measurements, XPS, ATR-FTIR, and ESEM. It was found that 3 MeV EB can be used to obtain controlled degrees of grafting by varying total dose and that such grafting is uniform throughout the thickness of the fiber mat. In contrast, plasma grafting resulted in a concentration gradient of grafted acrylamide through the thickness with highest grafting yield on the surface of the mat exposed directly to the plasma. Procedures based on these techniques can be employed to generate polymer–polymer nanocomposites of dissimilar materials with geometric characteristics derived from the templating material.
Impact of donor bacteremia on outcome in organ transplant recipients

We evaluated the clinical significance of unrecognized bacteremia in the organ donor (i.e., blood culture results that were reported to be positive after transplantation) on the outcome of transplant recipients. Twenty-nine of 569 liver and heart donors (5%) had bacteremia at the time of organ procurement, but there were no documented instances of transmission of the isolated bacteria from the donor to the recipient. Unrecognized bacteremia in the donor does not have a negative clinical impact on the outcome of organ transplant recipients.
Effects of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor antagonists on oral activity in rats.

Abstract Two experiments were performed to investigate the actions of the selective D 1 blocker SCH 23390 and the selective D 2 blocker sulpiride, on oral movements in rats; these were quantified by a human observer scoring vacuous chewing movements (VCMs), jaw tremor and head movements, as well as a computer analysis which measured the amplitude and slope of each movement. In the first experiment it was found that both SCH 23390 and sulpiride decreased VCMs and head movements in a dose-dependent manner, with SCH 23390 more effectively decreasing head movements and sulpiride more effectively decreasing VCMs. In a second experiment, the effectiveness of these two drugs in blocking the actions of selective D 1 (SKF 38393) and D 2 (LY 171555) agonists was studied. The SKF 38393-induced increase in computer-scored movement was attenuated by both sulpiride and SCH 23390, whereas the LY 171555-induced decrease in VCMs was attenuated by sulpiride, while SCH 23390 exacerbated it. These findings, together with our earlier results (12), suggest a simple relationship of D 1 receptors to oral movement, with increased activation resulting in increased oral movement and decreased activation resulting in decreased oral movement. The relationship of D 2 receptors to oral movement shows a more complex pattern, with both stimulation and blockade decreasing oral movement. One possibility may be the existence of more than one subpopulation of D 2 receptors mediating these effects.
Ciglitazone mediates COX-2 dependent suppression of PGE2 in human non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Abstract Background: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) over-expression and subsequent prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production are frequently associated with human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are involved in tumor proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and resistance to apoptosis. Here, we report that ciglitazone downregulates PGE2 in NSCLC cells. Methods: PGE2 ELISA assay and COX-2 ELISA assay were performed for measuring PGE2 and COX-2, respectively, in NSCLC. The mRNA level of COX-2 was measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The transient transfection experiments were performed to measure COX-2 and peroxisome proliferator-response element (PPRE) promoter activity in NSCLC. Western blots were unitized to measure PGE synthase (PGES) and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) protein expression. Results: COX-2 ELISA assays suggested that ciglitazone-dependent inhibition of PGE2 occurs through the suppression of COX-2. Ciglitazone treatment suppressed COX-2 mRNA expression and COX-2 promoter activity while upregulating PPRE promoter activity. Ciglitazone did not modify the expression of enzymes downstream of COX-2 including PGES and 15-PGDH. Utilization of a dominant-negative PPAR γ showed that the suppression of COX-2 and PGE2 by ciglitazone is mediated via non-PPAR pathways. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings suggest that ciglitazone is a negative modulator of COX-2/PGE2 in NSCLC.
The Construct Validity of Life Satisfaction among the Elderly

A construct validation study of life satisfaction was completed with a modified random area probability sample of 325 older persons (M = 73.0, SD = 8.2) residing in the Phoenix metropolitan area. Internal consistency reliability estimates for the Life Satisfaction Index Form Z and both subscales of the Affect Balance Scale were consistent with previous reports. Within self-ascribed handicapped and nonhandicapped groups, six life satisfaction measures generally correlated more highly with each other than with an alcohol use measure, suggesting adequate convergent-discriminant validity. Finally, the handicapped group had lower life satisfaction than the nonhandicapped group, and stepdown F tests indicated some redundancy among the life satisfaction measures.
Kinetics of degradation of a cyclic lactam analog of α-melanotropin (MT-II) in aqueous solution

Abstract The kinetics of degradation of MT-II in aqueous buffered solution was studied in order to facilitate the formulation of a stable oral dosage form. A stability-indicating high-performance liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) assay was used to measure the concentrations of MT-II remaining at various time periods. The rate of degradation of MT-II was studied as a function of pH, phosphate buffer concentration, temperature and ionic strength. Results indicated that the degradation of MT-II followed apparent first-order kinetics. The pH-rate profile showed that MT-II was most stable at approximately pH 5.0. Data obtained from this study also indicated that the degradation rate of this peptide was directly proportional to phosphate buffer concentration and temperature. The shelf-life of MT-II in aqueous buffer solutions at 25°C was 27 h. The activation energy was 7.5 kcal/mol. The degradation rate of MT-II appeared to be independent of the ionic strength of the aqueous buffered solution.
The Striking Influence of the Leadership, Research, and Teaching of Frank R. Lillie (1870–1947) in Zoology, Embryology and Other Biological Sciences

Dr. Frank R. Lillie, embryologist extraordinary, was uniquely invaluable in innumerable ways to zoologists, directly during his lifetime and indirectly thereafter. He excelled academically in teaching, research and administration at the University of Chicago. His research was masterfully planned, highly productive, exciting, and stimulating to many others and invariably opened up new and fundamental research areas for further exploration by others. He is most widely known for his vital leadership in development of the Marine Biological Laboratory during critical years of its survival and expansion. He was unanimously elected president of the National Academy of Sciences and chairman of the National Research Council, the first person to hold these two key positions simultaneously, and in addition was active in establishment of the Union of Biological Sciences responsible for publication of Biological Abstracts , establishment and administration of the National Research Council Fellowships in the biological sciences and in motivation of research in problems of sex, especially those concerned with the roles of sex hormones in sexual differentiation. The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution was established largely through his skill and labor and he served as president of its corporation from 1930 to 1939. His uniqueness resided in his capacity to function in a highly effective manner and often simultaneously in many key positions of responsibility and still function effectively as a highly personable and respected human being.
Cultural Contracts: Negotiating a Ubiquitous U.S. Dominant Worldview on Race and Ethnicity

Within this study, we explore the U.S. dominant worldview of race—one that traditionally uses a rigid classification of distinct racial categories and multiple ethnic groupings—and how diverse groups of individuals come to understand and adapt to the labels that are associated with that particular worldview. Drawing from focus group discussions involving 100 persons from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds, we describe how individuals in the Southeastern United States negotiate their identities through the use of cultural contracts that are accepted, altered, and/or co-created. The manuscript concludes by discussing the study's implications for theorizing and future research.
Dipole-dipole interactions and their role in relaxation processes in polar solvents

Data for ΔHτ, the enthalpy of activation determining the temperature dependence of the Debye relaxation time have been collected and compared for polar aprotic solvents of lower molecular weight. It is shown that the variation in this quantity with solvent can be largely attributed to a corresponding variation in dipole-dipole interaction energy when the latter quantity is estimated by a model in which the solvent is represented as hard sphere with a centrally embedded point dipole. It is also shown that the appropriate quantity to be considered for alcohols in such a comparison is the value of ΔHτ for the second relaxation process, that is, rotational diffusion. The ΔHτ data are also used to consider the variation in enthalpy of activation for electron transfer reactions with solvent, and the role of solvent dynamical processes in determining the rate constants for these reactions.
Site-specific cross-linking reveals a differential direct interaction of class 1, 2, and 3 ADP-ribosylation factors with adaptor protein complexes 1 and 3.

We have used a site-specific photo-cross-linking approach to identify direct interactions between clathrin adaptor protein (AP)1 complexes and small GTPases of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family and to explore the specificity of this interaction on immature secretory granule (ISG) membranes. ISG membranes are a well-characterized, highly enriched preparation of membranes that has previously been shown to have the membrane-associated factors for ARF1 recruitment that are not present on artificial liposomes. All three classes of ARF proteins could be recruited to ISG membranes, displaying differential requirements for GTPγS. We found that ARF1, ARF5, and ARF6 interacted directly with the β1-adaptin subunit of AP-1 in the presence of GTPγS. Furthermore, we observed a direct interaction between the switch 1 region of ARF1 and the N-terminal trunk domains of γ- and β1-adaptin. In addition, both ARF1 and ARF6 but not ARF5 interacted directly with the β3- and δ-adaptin subunits of AP-3. No interaction was ...
Vibration spectra and assignments of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorocyclopropane-d0, d1 and d2

Abstract From i.r. and Raman spectra complete assignments of fundamental vibration frequencies have been obtained for c -C 3 F 4 H 2 , c -C 3 F 4 HD and c -C 3 F 4 D 2 . For the undeuterated molecule the assignments are: ( a 1 ) 3022, 1526, 1366, 1076, 771, 489 and 291; ( a 2 ) [1344], 913, 435 and 194; ( b 1 ) 1204,1204, 1026, 828, 618 and 465; ( b 2 ) 3115, 1254, 871, [435] and 177 cm −1 . The 1344 cm −1 value is tentative, and the 435 cm −1 value is derived from the assignments for the d 1 and d 2 molecules. A frequency in the 1450–1600 cm −1 region, due principally to ring breathing, has been shown to be a characteristic group frequency for fluoro cyclo propanes and related ethylene oxides.
Measurement and optimization of metal-nanoparticle-induced luminescence enhancement factors in a crossed-optical fiber configuration

A crossed-optical-fiber configuration comprised of silver nanoparticles covalently attached to the core of an optical fiber and labeled with luminescent ruthenium molecules is reported. A second optical fiber was placed at right angle of the fiber containing the nanoparticle/ruthenium, to form a fiber-fiber junction, and it was used to detect the luminescence from the ruthenium molecules bound to the first fiber. To employ the effect of metal-enhanced luminescence, the ruthenium complex was kept at an appropriate distance from the nanoparticles by polyelectrolyte spacer layers. For silver nanospheres, nanotriangles and nanorods and for spacer-layer thicknesses from 2-14 nm luminescence-enhancement factors were determined. A 27-fold luminescence enhancement was found when the ruthenium complex was placed 4nm from silver nanotriangles. Finally, a calibration curve for the oxygen dependence of luminescence intensities and lifetimes of rutheniumcomplex is presented suggesting that the oxygen sensing capabilities of the nanoengineered-ruthenium complex are maintained.
2',3'-cAMP, 3'-AMP, and 2'-AMP inhibit human aortic and coronary vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via A2B receptors.

Rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from renal microvessels metabolize 2′,3′-cAMP to 2′-AMP and 3′-AMP, and these AMPs are converted to adenosine that inhibits microvascular VSMC proliferation...
Course-based assessment: engaging faculty in reflective practice

The College of Engineering (COE) at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth has begun to implement course based assessment as part of their curricular continuous improvement program. The targeted faculty are those who are developing innovative courses supported by the Foundation Coalition (FC), a collaborative project funded by National Science Foundation. We began in Spring 1999, and have since tried five different strategies: taking faculty to a two-day assessment workshop, a general lecture on embedding an assessment based continuous improvement loop into courses, a written set of guidelines, individual meetings with faculty, and an interactive half-day workshop. We discovered that faculty accept and implement assessment based continuous improvement in their classes once they understand that: (a) it is in their control, (b) it can be done in ways that are cost-effective in terms of time, and (c) that it can reduce frustration in teaching because it makes visible aspects of courses that can be improved.
The effect of iron substrate on mitochondrial haem synthesis in copper deficiency

Studies of iron utilization and haem synthesis were carried out with hepatic mitochondria obtained from copper-deficient and pair-fed control rats. Ferric chloride can be used as Fe substrate for mitochondrial haem synthesis in the presence of succinate. Utilization is further enhanced by the addition of FMN. Ferritin does not support haem synthesis in the presence of succinate alone, but does support haem synthesis when FMN is added. Mitochondrial haem synthesis is impaired in Cu deficiency when either FeCl3 or homologous ferritin is used as Fe substrate. The results of the present study suggest that impaired haem synthesis in Cu deficiency occurs at a step following the chemical reduction of Fe substrate.
Evaluation of the straight arch wire concept.

A n increasing number of orthodontists who work with some sort of edgewise technique are changing their armamentarium of conventional edgewise brackets to a more sophisticated system that allows them to work with arch wires that are unbent except for the basic arch form (straight arch wire). Hence, an increasing number of orthodontic supply companies promote such systems. They carry different names, but all of them ultimately have the same goal-to reduce the time needed by the orthodontist to bend arch wires. (The first company who used and promoted such a system on a large scale called it “the straight wire appliance.“) By looking more closely at the different systems, the orthodontist might detect a rather large variation in the built-in features from one company to another and even within a company’s own system. Many companies claim to have developed-in close cooperation with outstanding clinicians-the ideal system that allows the user to work with no bends (other than the arch form) or with a minimal number of bends. The buyer of any such system, however, should remember that he can buy only the brackets (prewelded on bands or on direct bonding pads) but not the skills of the clinicians who helped the company to develop its system. What might work in one clinician’s hand might not work in another’s. This article seeks to offer the clinician a better understanding of what to expect from the straight arch wire concept and what to consider in the purchase of a straight arch wire system. I believe that a straight arch wire system-correctly applied-can actually help to decrease chair time.
Culture and care: ethical and policy dimensions of germplasm conservation

The very moment when the first human being began to cultivate the soil or tend animals marks the beginning of a great responsibility that we collectively as a species took upon ourselves. Until recently, however, the maintenance of biotic diversity required little active care. The simple activities of farmers and herders have sufficed to insure that nature and all its diversity would remain safe from harm.
Correction: A DNA microarray survey of gene expression in normal human tissues

We wish to report two corrections to our study [1], neither of which alters the interpretation of the data or the conclusions drawn. First, we have discovered that the data file from a microarray hybridization (prostate RNA versus normal genomic DNA) used to derive the plot in Figure ​Figure4a4a became corrupted during data processing. The corrected plot (Figure ​(Figure4a)4a) displays a stronger correlation between directly and indirectly estimated transcript levels, indicating even better performance of our method of estimating transcript abundance. The corrected data file has been deposited to the Stanford Microarray Database (SMD) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repositories. Second, we have identified a 'frame-shift' in the Additional data file 2 (Sheet 5) data set; the corrected data file has been deposited to the supplemental site. Figure 4 Estimating relative transcript abundance. (a) Comparison of transcript levels estimated either directly by hybridization of prostate sample mRNA versus normal female genomic DNA, or indirectly by multiplying the ratio of prostate sample mRNA versus common ...
In Situ Measurement of the Young’s Modulus of an Embedded Inclusion by Acoustic Microscopy

Alumina-silicate inclusions (shot) have been found to adversely affect the mechanical properties of a short alumina-silicate fiber reinforced aluminum alloy (A356). To better understand the differences between the responses of the shot and fibers of applied loads, the Young`s modulus of the shot is measured and compared to that of the fibers. The Rayleigh wave speed in the shot (cross-sectional area of 200 {micro}m x 150 {micro}m), measured in situ to be 4041 m/s using a scanning acoustic microscope, was used to calculate the Young`s modulus of the shot particle (132 GPa). The accuracy of the technique and the experimental arrangement used was verified to be better than 4% by independent measurements of the Rayleigh wave speeds in the aluminum alloy matrix and an embedded sapphire fiber. The fiber modulus was estimated to be 225 GPa based on a comparison of previously measured composite modulus with micromechanical predictions. Thus, shot was found to have a Young`s modulus 40% lower than that of the fibers. The applicability of the V(z) technique has been demonstrated for measuring the elastic properties over a microscopic area, even when the target material is an embedded inclusion.
Monophyly and Phylogeny of Schoenoplectus and Schoenoplectiella (Cyperaceae): Evidence from Chloroplast and Nuclear DNA Sequences

Abstract Relationships within Schoenoplectus and Schoenoplectiella are largely unknown and the phylogenetic positions of these genera relative to the other four genera in Fuireneae and clade of Cypereae are unclear. A few studies with sparse or localized sampling have added valuable insights, but a North American sampling and a broad global perspective are needed. To generate a more robust phylogenetic hypothesis, we increased the number and breadth of taxon sampling in Schoenoplectus and Schoenoplectiella, including all constituent species in North America, all genera in Fuireneae, and strategically sampled genera in Cypereae. Phylogenetic relationships were estimated using DNA sequences from the nuclear ribosomal ITS region, chloroplast DNA trnL intron and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer region, and partial chloroplast DNA ndhF coding region and parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian analyses. The proposed phylogeny reveals Pseudoschoenus, Schoenoplectiella, and Cypereae are supported as a clade, and Schoenopl...
Receptance coupling for dynamics prediction of assemblies with coincident neutral axes

This paper details the prediction of flexural receptances for nested components with common neutral axes using a multiple-point receptance coupling approach. Numerical validation is included for different numbers of coupling coordinates, equal and unequal coordinate spacing, rigid and finite stiffness component connections, and component interface damping. Additionally, the sensitivity of the assembly response to noise in the component receptances is evaluated and it is shown that some data smoothing may be required if measured receptances are to be used to represent the individual components, rather than the analytic expressions provided here.
Graphs for Research in Counseling Psychology

Statistical graphics are indispensable to good scientific research. This article highlights effective graphical methods for (a) screening and cleaning data, (b) exploring and identifying models, and (c) displaying data in counseling psychology publications. The motivating principle for this presentation is that graphs are not ancillary to scientific publications. They are essential and, in some cases, sufficient expositions of results.
Regulation of Mitosis in Living Cells. I. Mitosis under Controlled Conditions

A quantitative method has been devised to study mitosis in vitro by phase contrast and polarization microscopy. Mitosis in cell-wall-free endosperm cells of Haemanthus kathrinar Baker (the African blood lily) has been divided into 18 arbitrary stages or events. The time course for the various stapes, as well as the percentage of cells that proceed from one stage to another during a four hour observation period, are presented. Cells that were in prophase when selected for study proceeded from nuclear membrane breakdown to melaphase in 60 minutes and remained in melaphase for 30 minutes. Only 13 minutes was required to proceed from onset of anaphase to mid-anaphasc. Mid-anaphase provides a clear and precise baseline for determining the time required for succeeding stages to appear. The cell plate made its appearance 40 minutes after mid-anaphase and was completely formed 20 minutes later. The nuclear membranes also became evident at this latter time and nucleoli were visible 30 minutes later. Thus, the average time for a cell observed initially in prophase to proceed from nuclear membrane breakdown to formation of two daughter cells was just over three hours. A high percentage of cells that were in late prophase or later stages of mitosis at the time of initial observation completed mitosis during the observation period. The effect of the length of time a cell is subjected to experimental conditions upon its subsequent behaviour is assessed. These results form the basis for future studies of the effects of chemicals, particularly herbicides, upon cells in mitosis as observed in vitro by phase contrast and polarization microscopy.
The Accuracy of the Clinical Examination in the Setting of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries

Thirty-nine subjects volunteered for this blinded, randomized, and controlled study to assess the clinical examination skills of orthopaedic surgeons with fellowship training in sports medicine. Eighteen of the patients had 19 chronic isolated posterior cruciate ligament tears. The controls were 9 patients with 9 anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees, 12 subjects with normal knees, and the contralateral normal knees of the ligament-deficient patients. To eliminate preexamination bias, all examiners were blinded from the examinee's history, identity, and diagnosis. The overall clinical examination accuracy for all orthopaedic surgeons was 96%. The accuracy for detecting a posterior cruciate ligament tear was 96%, with a 90% sensitivity and a 99% specificity. The examination accuracy was higher for grade II and III posterior laxity than for grade I laxity. Eighty-one percent of the time, the examiners agreed on the grade of the posterior cruciate ligament tear for any given patient. The posterior drawer test, which included palpation of the tibia-femur step-off, was the most sensitive and specific clinical test. A thorough and precise physical examination, coupled with a patient history, can be considered diagnostic in the majority of isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries. With this accuracy level known, the natural history of isolated posterior cruciate ligament tears can be reliably documented and studied.
Differential expression of Aedes aegypti salivary transcriptome upon blood feeding.

Saliva of Aedes aegypti contains a complex array of proteins essential for both blood feeding and pathogen transmission. A large numbers of those proteins are classified as unknown in regard to their function(s). Understanding the dynamic interactions at the mosquito-host interface can be achieved in part by characterizing mosquito salivary gland gene expression relative to blood feeding. Towards this end, we developed an oligonucleotide microarray representing 463 transcripts to determine differential regulation of salivary gland genes. This microarray was used to investigate the temporal gene expression pattern of Ae. aegypti salivary gland transcriptome at different times post-blood feeding. Expression of the majority of salivary gland genes (77–87%) did not change significantly as a result of blood feeding, while 8 to 20% of genes were down-regulated and 2.8 to 11.6% genes were up-regulated. Up-regulated genes included defensins, mucins and other immune related proteins. Odorant-binding protein was significantly down-regulated. Among unknown function proteins, several were up-regulated during the first three hours post-blood feeding and one was significantly down-regulated. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to substantiate differential expression patterns of five randomly selected genes. Linear regression analysis revealed a high degree of correlation (R2 > 0.89) between oligonucleotide microarray and quantitative RT-PCR data. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate differential expression of the Ae. aegypti salivary gland transcriptome upon blood feeding. A microarray provides a robust, sensitive way to investigate differential regulation of mosquito salivary gland genes.
The annexins: Specific markers of midline structures and sensory neurons in the developing murine central nervous system

The annexins are a family of cytoplasmic proteins that have been shown to have numerous actions within a cell. Recent evidence suggests that at least one of these proteins plays a role in the development of the central nervous system (CNS). The present study examines the temporal expression and spatial distribution of annexins I, II, IV, V, and VI during development and at maturity in the murine CNS by immunocytochemical analysis. The results demonstrate that annexins I, II and IV exhibit clear immunolabeling in the murine CNS with distinct patterns of temporal and spatial expression. Annexin IV is the first annexin to be expressed on embryonic day (E) 9.5 while annexin I is the last to be expressed (Ell. 5). Annexins I, II and IV are found in the floor plate region, but to differing rostrocaudal extents. Annexin I has a very restricted distribution, only present in the midline raphe of the brainstem. Annexin II is present in the spinal cord, brainstem and mesencephalon. Annexin IV has the widest midline distribution, being observed in the floor and roof plates of the developing CNS. Additionally, antibodies against annexin II and IV immunolabel most dorsal root and sensory ganglion cells and their axons. During early postnatal development, immunolabeling with each antibody gradually disappears in many structures, and only first order sensory neurons and their fibers are immunopositive for annexins II and IV at weaning. Three functions of the annexins are suggested by the present findings: (1) to help establish the midline structures of the floor and roof plates, (2) to help direct the decussation of sensory fibers, and (3) to regulate some aspect of sensory neuron processing, such as signal transduction. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
HIV Testing by Transgender Status at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–Funded Sites in the United States, Puerto Rico, and US Virgin Islands, 2009–2011

Objectives. We examined HIV testing services, seropositivity, and the characteristics associated with newly identified, confirmed HIV-positive tests among transgender individuals.Methods. We analyzed data (2009–2011) using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression to examine the relationships between HIV positivity and sociodemographic and risk characteristics among male-to-female transgender individuals.Results. Most of the testing was conducted in females (51.1%), followed by males (48.7%) and transgender individuals (0.17%). Tests in male-to-female transgender individuals had the highest, newly identified confirmed HIV positivity (2.7%), followed by males (0.9%), female-to-male transgender individuals (0.5%), and females (0.2%). The associated characteristics with an HIV-positive test among male-to-female transgender individuals included ages 20 to 29 and 40 to 49 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4, 5.6 and AOR = 2.8; 95% CI = 1.3, 5.9, respectively), Afric...
DNA Structure and Gene Regulation

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the role of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) structure in gene regulation. It also considers the properties and conformations of various DNAs and review static structure as well as dynamic transitions. Some of the goals of current research in this area are the following: (1) determination of the properties of regions of DNA along the high molecular-weight chromosomes; (2) identification of the interactions between the neighboring regions of DNA; (3) determination of how the properties of DNA influence the specificity or affinity of regulatory proteins that interact with specific regions of DNA; (4) identification of how the interaction of regulatory proteins, with DNA, modifies the properties of the DNA target site; (5) investigation of the presumed correlation between the physical properties of a region of DNA and its genetic function. A complete knowledge of the kinetic and equilibrium properties of the interaction of specific DNA target sites, with important regulatory proteins, is fundamental for the eventual comprehension of gene regulation. Cellular differentiation is the orderly and programmed expression of a family of genes. Alternatively, the malignant transformation of a cell will eventually be recognized as a faulty interaction between one or more key proteins and their DNA receptor sites.
Drak Is Required for Actomyosin Organization During Drosophila Cellularization

The generation of force by actomyosin contraction is critical for a variety of cellular and developmental processes. Nonmuscle myosin II is the motor that drives actomyosin contraction, and its activity is largely regulated by phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain. During the formation of the Drosophila cellular blastoderm, actomyosin contraction drives constriction of microfilament rings, modified cytokinesis rings. Here, we find that Drak is necessary for most of the phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain during cellularization. We show that Drak is required for organization of myosin II within the microfilament rings. Proper actomyosin contraction of the microfilament rings during cellularization also requires Drak activity. Constitutive activation of myosin regulatory light chain bypasses the requirement for Drak, suggesting that actomyosin organization and contraction are mediated through Drak’s regulation of myosin activity. Drak is also involved in the maintenance of furrow canal structure and lateral plasma membrane integrity during cellularization. Together, our observations suggest that Drak is the primary regulator of actomyosin dynamics during cellularization.
Studies in Hatchability II. Hatchability in Relation to the Consanguinity of the Breeding Stock

Abstract The major factors affecting hatchability have been reviewed by Jull (1928), where it was observed that “it may be concluded fairly definitely that the problem of improving hatchability is largely a problem of breeding . . . .” In the light of this observation a study of the effects on hatchability of varying degrees of consanguinity of the breeding stock should be of considerable value. The effects on hatchability of inbreeding and outbreeding have been determined by only a few workers but so far as the writer is aware no attempts have been made to compare hatchability results from full-brother-and-sister and half-brother-and-sister matings. Cole and Halpin (1916, 1922) imbred Rhode Island Red brothers and sisters for four years and observed a marked decline in vigor to such an extent that in the fourth year hatchability was so low that the experiment had to be discontinued. The basis of selecting the . . .
Potential Variations of Extremities and of Precordium in Myocardial Disease

Wilson, Macleod, and Barker1 described electrocardiographic leads which record the potential variations produced by the heart beat at a single point. These leads were obtained by pairing the point in question with a central terminal connected through separate, identical, non-inductive resistances with the right arm, left arm, and left leg respectively. Further details and slight modifications were published.2 The potential variations of the extremities and of 6 precordial points in normal subjects were studied in Wilson's laboratory.3 In the past few years Wilson and his associates have taken numerous curves in various types of heart disease by this method, but only a few of these have been published.4, 5Since July 1934, this method has been used in the study of heart disease on the wards of the Third Medical (N. Y. U.) Division of Bellevue Hospital. As in the study of normal subjects referred to3 the electrocardiograms taken in each case were the 3 standard leads, the potentials of the 3 extremities, and...
Influence of Obstruction of the Bowel upon its Strength (Bursting Strength).

Conclusions1. The bowel wall in simple intestinal obstruction cannot withstand marked increase of intra enteric pressure as well as the normal bowel wall. 2. This is especially true of that portion of the bowel just above the site of obstruction. 3. The most frequent site of tearing of the serosa and rupture is the antimesenteric border of the bowel.
A Comparison of Cellulose Production in the Genus Ceratocystis

Cell wall composition, particularly its apparent correlation with natural groupings of fungi, has long been an area of interest to mycologists. The general subject of cell wall composition in fungi has been reviewed by Aronson (1965). It was assumed until recently that Ascomycete walls contained chitin but no cellulose since earlier reports on the occurrence of cellulose in this group were based primarily on cytochemical evidence. Rosinski and Campana (1964), using cytochemical tests as well as X-ray diffraction analysis, demonstrated the simultaneous occurrence of both chitin and cellulose in the hyphal walls of Ceratocystis ulmi (Buisman) C. Moreau. Since there is wide morphological variation between the species of Ceratocystis, it seemed appropriate to determine if there was heterogeneity with respect to cell wall composition also. We studied 4 species, C. fagacearum (Bretz) Hunt and C. fimbriata Ellis & Halstead in the endoconidial group, and C. olivacea (Mathiesen) Hunt and C. ulmi in the exoconidial group. C. ulmi served as a control.
Cerebral Arteriography in the Dog and in Man with a Rapidly Excreted Organic Iodide

SummaryThe excellent results obtained in visualization of the cerebral arteries in dogs and man by the intracarotid injection of 70% Diodrast solution prompt us to recommend this method when such visualization is indicated.
‘Chairside’ vervaardigde abutmentkronen

In het augustusnummer 2015 van TandartsPraktijk verscheen een artikel van dr. Ulf Schepke over het nut van digitaal afdrukken van implantaatkronen met een mondscanner. Hierin kwam met name naar voren dat patienten deze manier van afdrukken beter waarderen dan de traditionele manier. Dit inspireerde mij tot het schrijven van een artikel waarin ik de lezer wil laten kennismaken met de mogelijkheid om ‘chairside’, dat wil zeggen ‘aan de stoel’ binnen de eigen praktijk in enkele uren een kroon te vervaardigen op een gescand implantaat. Hierbij wordt gebruikgemaakt van de Cerec-technologie (Sirona) en IPS e.max CAD Abutment solutions (Ivoclar Vivadent).
Working Towards Sustainability through Creativity

This paper intends to stimulate discussion about the benefits that could emerge from integrating a concept called ‘critical creativity’ with systems based problem-solving approaches. The premise that has been adopted is that such an integration would be a step towards developing more sustainable systems.
CyberEx Internet-Based Group Exercise for Rural Older Adults: A Pilot Study

The purpose of this study was to examine satisfaction with and outcomes of a real-time Internet-based group exercise program for older adults. Men and women age 50 and older (mean = 66.5) were recruited to participate in a 10-week distance group exercise program. Paired sample t-tests revealed that Sit-To-Stand (STS) repetitions increased significantly (p = .009), while Timed Up-and-Go(TUG) time decreased significantly (p = .000). Connectivity, visibility, and communication emerged as themes related to the use of technology; but overall, real-time Internet-based technology was shown to be an effective way to present group exercise programs for older adults in this rural setting.
Malignant Hypertension in Children Secondary to chronic Pyelonephritis: Laboratory and Radiologic Indications for Partial or Total Nephrectomy

Abstract Severe renin-mediated hypertension was noted in 2 children as a result of selective renal damage from vesicoureteral reflux during the early years of life. In each case the reflux had been corrected successfully long before hypertension developed. In 1 case the late damage involved only 1 kidney and nephrectomy resulted in immediate relief of the hypertension. In the second case, even though both kidneys showed segmental scarring from calicectasis and chronic pyelonephritis, removal of the atrophied lower pole of 1 kidney made hypertension amenable to medical treatment and reduced excessive renin output to a fraction of the original high levels. The mechanism of renin-mediated hypertension in kidneys with segmental scars of chronic pyelonephritis is believed to be ischemia of the relatively normal renal cortex in proximity to areas of interstitial fibrosis, within which are tortuous interlobular and smaller arterioles with severe intimai thickening. Hypertrophy of normal renal segments occurs in young patients with segmental chronic pyelonephritis. To accommodate this enlargement the original calix develops an extension or elongation readily distinguishable from other dilated calices.
Endogenous error pricing for energy imbalance settlements

This paper models the bidding behavior of energy market participants under an endogenous imbalance pricing mechanism. Wind producers are increasingly required to settle their day-ahead electricity bids based on their actual production in real-time, which impacts their bidding behavior and curtailment decisions. The real-time price that players pay or receive in order to settle their deviations is based on the realized forecast errors in wind and demand, so it is affected by the strategies of all wind producers in the market. We formulate a two-stage game where players place ex-ante bids for energy production and then may curtail their realized output in real-time. Then, we find the subgame perfect equilibrium strategy for producer bidding and curtailment. Profit-maximizing bids are equal to the expected value of players' post-curtailment production values. The results show that the endogenous pricing mechanism leads to better tradeoffs of system efficiency and risk compared to the case where penalties are exogenous.
Meat, Fish, Poultry, and Egg Intake at Diagnosis and Risk of Prostate Cancer Progression

Little information exists on diet and prostate cancer progression. We examined the association between intakes of total red meat, processed and unprocessed red meat, poultry, fish, and eggs and prostate cancer recurrence. We conducted a prospective study of 971 men treated with radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer between 2003 and 2010. Men completed a food frequency questionnaire at diagnosis. We used logistic regression to study the association between diet and high-grade or advanced-stage disease. We used Cox models to study the risk of progression [N = 94 events, mainly prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence]. Total red meat intake was marginally associated with risk of high-grade disease [Gleason ≥ 4+3; adjusted OR top vs. bottom quartile: 1.66; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.93-2.97; Ptrend = 0.05], as was very high intake of eggs (OR top decile vs. bottom quartile: 1.98; 95% CI, 1.08-3.63, Ptrend = 0.08). Well-done red meat was associated with advanced disease (≥pT3; OR top vs. bottom quartile: 1.74, 95% CI, 1.05-2.90; Ptrend = 0.01). Intakes of red meat, fish, and eggs were not associated with progression. Very high poultry intake was inversely associated with progression (HR top decile vs. bottom quartile: 0.19; 95% CI, 0.06-0.63; Ptrend = 0.02). Substituting 30 g/d of poultry or fish for total or unprocessed red meat was associated with significantly lower risk of recurrence. Lower intakes of red meat and well-done red meat and higher intakes of poultry and fish are associated with lower risk of high grade and advanced prostate cancer and reduced recurrence risk, independent of stage and grade. Cancer Prev Res; 9(12); 933-41. ©2016 AACR.
A new functional for variational mesh generation and adaptation based on equidistribution and alignment conditions

Abstract A new functional is presented for variational mesh generation and adaptation. It is formulated based on combining the equidistribution and alignment conditions into a single condition with only one dimensionless parameter. The functional is shown to be coercive but not convex. A solution procedure using a discrete moving mesh partial differential equation is employed. It is shown that the element volumes and altitudes of a mesh trajectory of the mesh equation associated with the new functional are bounded away from zero and the mesh trajectory stays nonsingular if it is so initially. Numerical examples demonstrate that the new functional performs comparably as an existing one that is also based on the equidistribution and alignment conditions and known to work well but contains an additional parameter.
Twice-hyphenated: transnational identity among second-generation Ethiopian-American professionals in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area

This article examines the dynamics of transnational identity among second-generation Ethiopian-American professionals. Drawing on the experiences of 21 second-generation Ethiopian-American professi...
Adaptive Stabilization of Stochastic Nonlinear Systems

Abstract The paper poses and solves the problem of adaptive stabilization of an equilibrium solution for stochastic nonlinear systems. We consider the class of strict-feedback systems driven by noise whose covariance is unknown (with no bound available to the designer) and possibly time varying. Our solution employs a refined form of backstepping with a Lyapunov function quartic in state error variables and quadratic in parameter error. The paper includes a set of new global stochastic Lyapunov and LaSalle-type theorems.
Power Allocation in OFDM Based Cognitive Radio System

In this chapter, we investigate one suboptimal power allocation scheme for an OFDM based cognitive radio system. Optical power allocation for secondary user in OFDM subcarrier is complex since it has a power as well as an interference constraint. Mathematical analysis shows that interference between primary and secondary in OFDM based system depends on theirs spectral distance. In our suboptimal method we consider the spectral distance between the secondary and primary user and modify the traditional water-filling algorithm. By applying our suboptimal power allocation method, it is possible that we can get good performance comparable to the optimal scheme. We compare our method with traditional power allocations schemes like equal power allocation and water filling power allocation. Result shows that distance dependent modified water filling (DDMWF) scheme can achieve the highest data rate for the cognitive radio based Secondary user.