cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving statistical parsing by linguistic regularization

Statistically-based parsers for large corpora, in particular the Penn Tree Bank (PTB), typically have not used all the linguistic information encoded in the annotated trees on which they are trained. In particular, they have not in general used information that records the effects of derivations, such as empty categories and the representation of displaced phrases, as is the case with passive, topicalization, and wh-constructions. Here we explore ways to use this information to “unwind” derivations, yielding a regularized underlying syntactic structure that can be used as an additional source of information for more accurate parsing. In effect, we make use of two joint sets of tree structures for parsing: the surface structure and its corresponding underlying structure where arguments have been restored to their canonical positions. We present a pilot experiment on passives in the PTB indicating that through the use of these two syntactic representations we can improve overall parsing performance by exploiting transformational regularities, in this way paring down the search space of possible syntactic analyses.
Mobility and efficiency in the job market for economists

Abstract From an examination of labor mobility patterns it is possible to draw inferences about the functioning of the labor market for initial employment. In this paper we analyze a set of data on transitions between the initial job and the job held S years later for a sample of economists who received PhDs between 1955 and 1965. Besides presenting, in a unique fashion, the overall mobility picture lor the economists in the sample, which may be of independent interest, we also develop a test of whether available information is fully taken into account in the initial job placement.
Improved survival in ARDS patients associated with a reduction in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.

The survival and ICU length of stay of 40 ARDS patients admitted to the ICU were analyzed to determine if a management strategy of lowering the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (Ppw) was associated with an increased survival or a decreased ICU length of stay. ARDS was defined as three or four quadrant alveolar filling roentgenographically, a PaO2 .5 and a Ppw
Simple characters for principal orders in M m(D)

Abstract In this paper we give an alternative review over the subject of strata and simple characters as more generally already considered in the references [P. Broussous, M. Grabitz, Pure elements and intertwining classes of simple strata in local central simple algebras, Comm. Algebra 28 (11) (2000) 5405–5442] and [V. Secherre, Representations lisses de Gl ( m , D ) , I: characteres simples, Bull. Soc. Math. France 132 (3) (2004) 327–396]. Finally, we prove the intertwining implies conjugacy property of simple characters as known in the split case [C.J. Bushnell, P.C. Kutzko, The Admissible Dual of Gl ( N ) via Compact Open Subgroups, Ann. of Math. Stud., vol. 129, Princeton Univ. Press, 1993].
Improving Student Comfort with Death and Dying Discussions through Facilitated Family Encounters.

Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the educational potential for a collaboration between palliative medicine and psychiatry designed to improve first-year medical students’ knowledge and comfort with end-of-life issues through a facilitated small-group discussion with family members of recently-deceased loved ones.
The effect of salts on molecular mobility in amorphous sucrose monitored by erythrosin B phosphorescence

Abstract Salts are present in most amorphous biomaterials such as dried or frozen solid foods, plant seeds, and bacterial spores, and in some pharmaceutical formulations. However, knowledge of how salts modulate the physical properties of amorphous solid sugars, a major component in these systems, is lacking. We have used phosphorescence of the triplet probe erythrosin B (Ery B) to monitor molecular mobility in amorphous sucrose films (dried against P 2 O 5 ) containing the salts NaCl, MgCl 2 , CaCl 2 , NaAcetate, Na 3 Citrate, NaH 2 PO 4 , or Na 2 HPO 4 at a mole ratio of 0.2:1 (salt/sucrose). All the salts examined, except NaH 2 PO 4 , significantly increased the phosphorescence lifetime of Ery B over the temperature range from 5 to 100 °C. This increase is due to a reduction in the rate of collisional quenching of the triplet state due to interactions with the matrix, indicating that these salts decreased the matrix molecular mobility. NaAcetate, Na 3 Citrate, and Na 2 HPO 4 decreased mobility more than NaCl, CaCl 2 , or MgCl 2 , perhaps due to specific hydrogen bonding interactions between the anion and sucrose. Systematic variations in the probe emission lifetime across the excitation and emission bands at 25 °C indicate that there are sites of different mobilities within amorphous solid sucrose; this dynamic site heterogeneity was enhanced in the presence of the divalent cationic salts MgCl 2 and CaCl 2 . These results suggest that salts may play a significant role in modulating the mobility, and thus the long-term stability, of amorphous biological matrixes.
A systematic review of predictive modeling for bronchiolitis.

Abstract Purpose Bronchiolitis is the most common cause of illness leading to hospitalization in young children. At present, many bronchiolitis management decisions are made subjectively, leading to significant practice variation among hospitals and physicians caring for children with bronchiolitis. To standardize care for bronchiolitis, researchers have proposed various models to predict the disease course to help determine a proper management plan. This paper reviews the existing state of the art of predictive modeling for bronchiolitis. Predictive modeling for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is covered whenever appropriate, as RSV accounts for about 70% of bronchiolitis cases. Methods A systematic review was conducted through a PubMed search up to April 25, 2014. The literature on predictive modeling for bronchiolitis was retrieved using a comprehensive search query, which was developed through an iterative process. Search results were limited to human subjects, the English language, and children (birth to 18 years). Results The literature search returned 2312 references in total. After manual review, 168 of these references were determined to be relevant and are discussed in this paper. We identify several limitations and open problems in predictive modeling for bronchiolitis, and provide some preliminary thoughts on how to address them, with the hope to stimulate future research in this domain. Conclusions Many problems remain open in predictive modeling for bronchiolitis. Future studies will need to address them to achieve optimal predictive models.
Using vertical axis rotations to characterize off-fault deformation across the San Andreas fault system, central California

We use vertical axis rotations from new paleomagnetic data to constrain off-fault deformation within the San Andreas fault system in central California. Samples were collected from 177 sites in the Miocene Monterey Formation adjacent to the Rinconada fault. Reliable means from 57 sites have 3 prominent patterns: (1) the largest clockwise rotations are close to the Rinconada and Nacimiento faults; (2) no significant rotation is observed near the San Andreas fault; and (3) counterclockwise rotations are observed at several sites northwest of Paso Robles. These paleomagnetic results are compared to two other measures of off-fault deformation where rotation can be calculated. Results from a fold-based kinematic model show increasing clockwise rotations toward the Rinconada fault, consistent with pattern 1. Few folds are observed in rocks on Salinian basement near the San Andreas fault, suggesting that little deformation has occurred, and providing an explanation for the negligible paleomagnetic rotations in pattern 2. Rotations calculated from the global positioning system velocity field predict counterclockwise rotations that coincide with those observed from paleomagnetic data in pattern 3. Broad patterns in the velocity field appear to be controlled by the transition from creeping to locked behavior along the San Andreas fault, and the region of counterclockwise rotation is linked to this transition. Thus, we suggest that the creeping segment has been aseismic over geologic time scales in order to produce the observed paleomagnetic rotations. The integration of all three data sets demonstrates that the San Andreas fault borderlands record an important portion of fault-parallel plate motion over geologic and geodetic time scales.
Observations on the responses of some southern california tidepool fishes to nocturnal hypoxic stress

Abstract 1. 1. Oxygen tension and pH declined rapidly in pools exposed by nocturnal low tides. 2. 2. Minimum oxygen tensions recorded in tidepools at night (14–17 Torr) were lower than critical oxygen tensions ( cP o 2 ) established by respirometry for three common intertidal fish species. 3. 3. Individual Clinocottus analis and Paraclinus integripinnis ventilated with water from the surface film when tidepool P o 2 dropped below the critical level. 4. 4. In comparison with C. analis and P. integripinnis, Gibbonsia elegans had a higher cP o 2 and a shorter survival time under anoxic conditions. G. elegans and other species intolerant of hypoxic conditions may avoid tidepools where low oxygen tensions occur during the season of nocturnal low tides.
An educational needs assessment of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

Objective. Our objective is to describe the use of the PRECEDE model (predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling causes in educational diagnosis and evaluation) to organize needs assessment data in order to define self-management behaviors and plan an educational intervention for children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and their famihies. Methods. Analysis was done of needs assessment data collected from several sources: 1) literature review, 2) survey of parents of 51 children with JRA, 3) group interview of seven parents of children with JRA, 4) results of pilot programs, and 5) clinical experience of an interdisciplinary pediatric rheumatology team. Results. Two sets of interrelated behavioral factors were identified through the needs assessment: 1) those related to managing the school environment to facilitate optimal participation and to minimize schoolrelated disability, and 2) those related to treating pain and stiffness, intervening in the disease process, and preserving joint function. Conclusion. Both of these sets of behavioral factors may be related to the optimization of children's mobility, joint function, and autonomy of activities of daily living and should be targets of an educational intervention.
Dynamic Neuro-Fuzzy-Based Human Intelligence Modeling and Control in GTAW

Human welder's experiences and skills are critical for producing quality welds in manual gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. In this paper, a neuro-fuzzy-based human intelligence model is constructed and implemented as an intelligent controller in automated GTAW process to maintain a consistent desired full penetration. An innovative vision system is utilized to real-time measure the specular 3D weld pool surface under strong arc light interference. Experiments are designed to produce random changes in the welding speed and voltage resulting in fluctuations in the weld pool surface. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is proposed to correlate the human welder's response to the 3D weld pool surface as characterized by its width, length and convexity. Closed-loop control experiments are conducted to verify the robustness of the proposed controller. It is found that the human intelligence model can adjust the current to robustly control the process to a desired penetration state despite different initial conditions and various disturbances. A foundation is thus established to explore the mechanism and transformation of human welder's intelligence into robotic welding systems.
The links between plumage variation and nest site occupancy in male house sparrows

Abstract We examined patterns of nest site occupancy in male House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) to determine if the factors influencing nest site ownership are associated with a putative signal of resource-holding potential. No other study of House Sparrows has examined the correlates of nest site occupancy, despite their importance for understanding how the size of the bib (the patch of black feathers on throat and chest) might influence nest defense. We found that older males and males hatched on our study site were more likely than younger and immigrant males to occupy nest sites. Prior residency (the number of years a male had previously occupied a site) and not age had the greatest influence upon nest site retention between seasons. We found no influence of body size or the area of the bib on the probability of obtaining a nest site. Males hatched on the study site did not differ in bib size from males presumed to have immigrated from elsewhere. Bib size of individual males increased with age, but no...
The Violent or Agitated Patient

Violent and agitated patients are high risk because they may pose a physical threat to the staff, may harm themselves, and may have dangerous comorbidities and illness that are causing the violence. The emergency physician must quickly control these behaviors, and thoroughly identify and treat their etiology, while simultaneously protecting the patients' rights and reducing the risks of injury to themselves, other patients, and medical staff. This article highlights potentially high-risk situations and describes corresponding mitigation tactics.
Experiments with combined analysis for pointer aliasing

We present initial empirical experiments with combined analysis, a scalabk analysis technique that uses a program decomposition to apply different aliasing algorithms to independent program segments. The effectiveness of the solution strategy is validated through application to side-effect and reference analysis of C programs.
Growth and yield response of field-grown tropical rice to increasing carbon dioxide and air temperature

Although the response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to increasing atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentration and air temperature has been examined at the greenhouse or growth chamber level, no field studies have been conducted under the tropical, irrigated conditions where the bulk of the world`s rice is grown. At the International Rice Research Institute, rice (cv. IR 72) was grown from germination until maturity for the 1994 wet and 1995 dry seasons at three different CO{sub 2} concentrations (ambient, ambient + 200, and ambient + 300 {mu}L L{sup {minus}1}) resulted in a significant increase in total plant biomass (+31%, +40%) and crop yield (+15%, + 27%) compared with the ambient control. The increase in crop yield was associated with an increase in the number of panicles per square meter and a greater percentage of filled spikelets. Simultaneous increases in CO{sub 2} and air temperature did not alter the biomass at maturity (relative to elevated CO{sub 2} alone), but plant development was accelerated at the higher growth temperature regardless of CO{sub 2} concentration. Grain yield, however, became insensitive to CO{sub 2} concentration at the higher growth temperature. Increasing both CO{sub 2} and air temperature also reduced grain quality (e.g., protein content). Themore » combination of CO{sub 2} and temperature effects suggests that, in warmer regions (i.e., >34{degrees}C) where rice is grown, quantitative and qualitative changes in rice supply are possible if both CO{sub 2} and air temperature continue to increase. 24 refs., 6 figs., 4 tabs.« less
Anatomical and physiological evidence for auditory specialization in the mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa).

On examination of brain stem auditory nuclei in a comparative series of over 100 mammals, the mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa) was discovered to have a very large and unique cochlear nuclear complex. The dorsal cochlear nucleus in this species is 4–7 times larger than in any of 17 other rodent species examined. While there is a very small laminated region of the nucleus, its main bulk lacks the laminar organization so characteristic of the nucleus in other mammals. The cochlear granule field is extraordinarily large, comprising nearly half of the volume of this enlarged cochlear nuclear complex. The ventral cochlear nucleus is similar in size and organization to the nucleus in other mammals. Study of single units in the specialized dorsal cochlear nucleus revealed that many neurons responded to exceptionally low frequency stimuli (below 10 Hz). Thresholds of neurons were relatively high and response areas relatively flat in comparison with responses of neurons in the ventral nucleus. Neurons isolated within the large granule cell field could not be excited by tonal or other simple acoustic stimuli. These data suggest that part of the unique auditory system in the mountain beaver is specialized for the detection of slow changes in air pressure.
Postsynaptic membranes in the electric tissue of Narcine: IV. Isolation and characterization of the nicotinic receptor protein.

Abstract The nicotinic receptor protein of the electric tissue of Narcine was purified in several different media by partial isolation of postsynaptic membranes and affinity chromatography. Protease inhibitors were found to be necessary to prevent degradation of the protein, and both EDTA and Tris buffer were used in addition to prevent intramolecular crosslinking of 44,000 and 58,000 dalton subunits by tissue factors. The intact protein was found to have a molecular weight close to 400,000, and appears to be composed of four subunits of 44,000 daltons, two to three of 48,000, one of 58,000 and one of 65,000. All the subunits are glycoproteins and their amino acid compositions show similar hydrophobicity and acidity, suggesting similar positioning in postsynaptic membranes. Crosslinking experiments showed that acetylcholine and alpha-bungarotoxin bind to the smallest subunit, and suggest the juxtaposition of at least two of these subunits, and of all four toxin molecules bound to a receptor molecule. Morphological studies of the protein in membranes and after purification indicated cylindrical molecules with central cores.
Fostering Community Participation to Influence Public Policy: Lessons from the Woods Fund of Chicago, 1987-1993:

This article examines how local public policy may be influenced by small foundations. Written as a policy analysis, it focuses on one case study: the work of the Woods Fund of Chicago in the Chicago school reform movement from 1987 to 1993. This is an ongoing reform movement rooted in a path-breaking, 1988 state law that decentralized the governance of Chicago's public schools. Woods played a special role in bolstering the movement's central tenet: parent and community empowerment. Woods alone was not responsible for parent and community control becoming the basis of the new school governance system. But its strategic focus, in both funding and activism, contributed to the idea's ascendance and helped establish the governance structure in which Chicago's biggest foundations have invested so substantially. Three strategic factors explain Woods's effect: unwavering means, enduring collaboration, and staff activism. Although centered on one foundation, this article provides insights on two gaps in public pol...
Growth of NaFe4P12 skutterudite single crystalline nanosprings synthesized through a hydrothermal-reduction-alloying method

NaFe4P12 nanosprings were synthesized using a hydrothermal method at 170 °C for 24 h. The nanosprings are 1000−5000 nm in length and 200−1000 nm in diameter and consist of coiled nanobelts of 80−150 nm in width and 20−50 nm in thickness. With an increase in the annealing time, the nanospring grows as a macrorod with a multilayered helical tubular structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate that the nanosprings have the skutterudite crystal structure with cell parameter a = 7.782 A. Electron diffraction (ED) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) prove that the nanobelts grow along the (111) plane and that their growth direction is not parallel to the [110] direction in the growth plane. A possible growth process for NaFe4P12 nanosprings is suggested.
The effects of multinationality on earnings response coefficients

Refers to previous research on the firm characteristics which affect the relationship between unexpected returns and unexpected earnings to suggest that multinationality may proxy for all of them. Develops mathematical models to investigate the effect of multinationality and applies them to 1995‐1999 US data on multinational firms. Describes the methodology and presents the results, which suggest that firms with relatively more multinationality have smaller, less significant earnings response coefficients and vice versa. Concludes that multinationality is a good proxy for firm size, quality of preannouncement information, earnings predictability etc.
Sex Differences on the California Statewide Assessment of Computer Literacy.

A statewide survey of the knowledge, attitudes, and experiences of California sixth- and twelfth-grade students in the areas of computer science and computer literacy was conducted during the 1982–1983 school year. Boys in both grades displayed consistently higher levels of achievement in nearly all curriculum objectives surveyed. Boys had more exposure to computers both at school and at home and tended to have more positive attitudes toward the role of computers in the workplace.
Bright squeezed light via second harmonic generation in a whispering-gallery mode resonator

We investigate the conditions necessary for bright squeezed light generation through second harmonic generation inside a crystalline whispering-gallery mode resonator. We show that the variance of a coherent mode can be reduced by a factor of 9 due to low loss through a nonlinear medium. This results in a one-step process that can generate effcient bright squeeze light at a desired wavelength.
Band gap and stability in the ternary intermetallic compounds NiSnM (M = Ti, Zr, Hf): A first principles study

The structural stability and electronic properties of the ternary intermetallic compounds NiSnM (M=Ti,Zr,Hf) and the closely related Heusler compounds ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}$SnM are discussed using the results of ab initio pseudopotential total-energy and band-structure calculations performed with a plane-wave basis set using the conjugate gradients algorithm. The results characterize the lowest-energy phase of NiSnM compounds, with a SnM rocksalt structure sublattice, as narrow-gap semiconductors with indirect gaps near 0.5 eV, while the ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}$SnM compounds are described as normal metals. Two other atomic arrangements for NiSnM in the MgAgAs structure type result in energetically unfavorable compounds that are metallic. The gap formation in the lowest-energy structure of NiSnZr and relative stability of the three atomic arrangements are investigated within a tight-binding framework and by considering the decomposition of each ternary compound into a binary substructure plus a third element sublattice. The stabilization of the lowest-energy phase of NiSnZr is found to be mainly due to the relative stability of the SnZr rocksalt substructure, while the opening of the gap induced by the addition of the symmetry-breaking Ni sublattice makes a relatively minor contribution. The results from the theoretical calculations for the NiSnM compounds are compared with the existing experimental data. From analysis of structural and chemical trends in the NiSnM compounds, CoVSn is predicted to be a semiconducting intermetallic compound in the MgAgAs structure type. Preliminary first-principles calculations suggest an indirect gap of 0.8 eV.
X-ray framing cameras for >5 keV imaging

Recent and proposed improvements in spatial resolution, temporal resolution, contrast, and detection efficiency for x-ray framing cameras are discussed in light of present and future laser-plasma diagnostic needs. In particular, improvements in image contrast above hard x-ray background levels is demonstrated by using high aspect ratio tapered pinholes.
Photometric Analysis and 60-YEAR Period Study of the Detached but Near-Contact System VV Virginis

VV Vir is a near-contact but detached mid-G-type eclipsing binary with an asymmetrical light curve due to a weak but regular mass exchange. The binary is apparently approaching contact and has a stream impact spot on the secondary component that is responsible for a quadratically decreasing period. Our period study included more than 140 minima observed over the past 60 years. We explore other possible near-contact configurations for this binary.
Ccm1p/Ygr150cp, a pentatricopeptide repeat protein, is essential to remove the fourth intron of both COB and COX1 pre-mRNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

YGR150C gene product (Ygr150cp) is one of the three mitochondrially located Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins with pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) motifs. Ygr150cp is essential for mitochondrial functionality but its molecular targets are still unknown. This study was undertaken to define the role of Ygr150cp in mitochondria biogenesis. Repression of Ygr150cp expression in complemented mutants prevented their use of glycerol or lactate, but allowed limited growth on ethanol-containing medium. RNA hybridization studies showed that Δygr150c meiotic segregants produced COB and COX1 transcripts but failed to process them into the mature forms. Detailed RT-PCR assays revealed that Δygr150c specifically failed to remove the fourth intron of both COB and COX1 pre-mRNAs while all other group I introns were excised. Expression of Ygr150cp mutants without any of the PPR motifs did not complement the growth phenotype. Accordingly, we designate YGR150C as CCM1 (COB and COX1 mRNA maturation). This report provides the first evidence of PPR protein involvement in the specific removal of group I introns in mitochondria of S. cerevisiae.
A framework for QoS-aware software components

The next generation of software systems will be highly distributed, component-based, service-oriented, will need to operate in unattended mode and possibly in hostile environments, will be composed of a large number of "replaceable" components discoverable at run-time, and will have to run on a multitude of unknown and heterogeneous hardware and network platforms. This paper focuses on service oriented-architectures in which each component provides a set of interrelated services to other components. These components are QoS-aware (i.e., aware of Quality of Service requirements) and are capable of engaging in QoS negotiations with other components of a distributed application. The main contributions of this paper are: i) the description of an architecture for QoS-aware software components that are able to negotiate QoS requirements with other components, ii) the specification of the protocols used for QoS negotiation and admission control at the QoS-aware components, iii) a report on the implementation of a QoS-aware component, and iv) the experimental validation of the ideas presented in the paper.
RELIABILITY AND RESPONSE TIME OF THREE PATIENT TRIGGERED INFANT VENTILATORS

We compared the reliability and response time (RT) of three patient triggered infant ventilators in 10 healthy adult rabbits. Ventilation was randomly assigned to a Bear Cub Enhancement Module (CEM), Infrasonics star Sync, and Draegar Babylog 8000 in both the synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) and assist-control (A/C) modes. All studies were repeated at ventilator flow rates of 6 and 12 1pm, and at 3 sensitivity settings (except Star sync). Rabbits were lightly anesthetized and tracheostomized; airway flow and pressure, and pleural pressure were recorded. RT was measured from the start of each spontaneous breath to the onset of each triggered ventilator breath (N=250±50 breaths). Ventilator breaths occurring >200 msec after the start of spontaneous breaths or during early expiration were considered trigger failures and were excluded from analysis for RT. RT (mean±SD) and failure rate at maximum sensitivity and 12 1pm were compared by ANOVA: RT of each ventilator was the same at 6 and 12 1pm in both modes. RT of star Sync was shorter than Bear CEM, and Bear CEM was shorter than Babylog on both modes (p<.01). Decreasing trigger sensitivity by 2 settings increased RT of both Bear CEM and Babylog by 60%. The Babylog failed consistently on SIMV but not at all on A/C.
Equity/inequity and patterns of guardianship of older persons

There have been recent reforms of guardianship systems focusing on the rights of older persons in Australia, Austria, Canada, England, Germany, and the United States. Little is known, however, about the lives of guardians. Equity theory guided the investigation of four styles of guardianship: the tough, sympathetic, challenged, and sad. Among 317 guardians, perceptions of inequity and benefit differentiated the sad and tough from others. Implications for practice are suggested.
The electric power sector in developing countries

Abstract Problems in the organization and management of the electric power sector in developing countries form the primary constraint to an efficient and least-cost development of the sector between now and the year 2000. In addressing the sector management and organization issues the authors state that emphasis must be placed on the three-fold objectives of; insulating top power company management from political influence and from government civil service and lower-level bureaucratic constraints; providing company management with incentives to undertake new initiatives and for efficient performance in implementing agreed performance objectives which can be monitored by government (greater delegation and perhaps selected forms of divestiture); and attempting to involve electric power consumers more directly in an advisory and policy role in the sector.
Characterization of N-Acyl Phosphatidylethanolamine-Specific Phospholipase-D Isoforms in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

N-acylethanolamines are an important class of lipid signaling molecules found in many species, including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) where they are involved in development and adult lifespan. In mammals, the relative activity of the biosynthetic enzyme N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase-D and the hydrolytic enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase determine N-acylethanolamine levels. C. elegans has two N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase-D orthologs, nape-1 and nape-2, that are likely to have arisen from a gene duplication event. Here, we find that recombinant C. elegans NAPE-1 and NAPE-2 are capable of generating N-acylethanolamines in vitro, confirming their functional conservation. In vivo, they exhibit overlapping expression in the pharynx and the nervous system, but are also expressed discretely in these and other tissues, suggesting divergent roles. Indeed, nape-1 over-expression results in delayed growth and shortened lifespan only at 25°C, while nape-2 over-expression results in significant larval arrest and increased adult lifespan at 15°C. Interestingly, deletion of the N-acylethanolamine degradation enzyme faah-1 exacerbates nape-1 over-expression phenotypes, but suppresses the larval arrest phenotype of nape-2 over-expression, suggesting that faah-1 is coupled to nape-2, but not nape-1, in a negative feedback loop. We also find that over-expression of either nape-1 or nape-2 significantly enhances recovery from the dauer larval stage in the insulin signaling mutant daf-2(e1368), but only nape-1 over-expression reduces daf-2 adult lifespan, consistent with increased levels of the N-acylethanolamine eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamine. These results provide evidence that N-acylethanolamine biosynthetic enzymes in C. elegans have conserved function and suggest a temperature-dependent, functional divergence between the two isoforms.
Betweenness satisfying preferences and dynamic choice

Abstract We consider the dynamic choice problem where uncertainty is resolved gradually (i.e., decision trees). We impose consistency on the decision maker by requiring that his behavior in trees conform to preference maximization over lotteries. We formulate and defend three different requirements on dynamic behavior and show that for any decision maker whose behavior is consistent with maximizing a continuous, monotone preference relation over lotteries, each one of these conditions is equivalent to the betweenness property of the underlying preferences.
Additive Measures of Perceived Accessibility

A set of necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of additive accessibility measures is presented, which essentially refines the conditions developed by Weibull (1980). In particular, ...
A General Framework of Hybrid Graph Sampling for Complex Network Analysis

Being able to capture the properties of massive real graphs and also greatly reduce data scale and processing complexity, graph sampling techniques provide an efficient tool for complex network analysis. Random walk-based sampling has become popular to obtain asymptotically uniform samples in the recent literature. However, it produces highly correlated samples and often leads to poor estimation accuracy in sampling large networks. Another widely-used approach is to launch random jump by querying randomly generated user/node ID, but also has the drawback of unexpected cost when the ID space is sparsely populated. In this paper, we develop a hybrid graph sampling framework that inherits the benefit of returning immediate samples from random walk-based crawling, while incorporating the advantage of reducing the correlation in the obtained samples from random jump. We aim to strike the right balance between random jump and crawling by analyzing the resulting asymptotic variance of an estimator of any graph nodal property, in order to give guidelines on the design of better graph sampling methods. We also provide simulation results on real network (graph) to confirm our theoretical findings.
Earth's Insights: A Geographer's Perspective on its Rationale and Method

J. Baird Callicott's argument in Earth's Insights that a global conservation ethic resonant with Leopold and postmodern science is emerging emanates from a particular point of departure and method of justification. I provide a perspective on Callicot's rationale and method as a way of critically examining this argument's underlying basis, and in the spirit of fostering greater interaction between geographers and others with an intellectual interest in environmental ethics.
Vitamin C in hay fever: Therapy and blood levels

Abstract 1.1. Hay fever patients have a normal blood level of vitamin C. 2.2. Large doses (500 mg. daily) of vitamin C produce the usual saturation blood levels, but do not change the course of the hay fever or asthma.
Angular optimization of dual booster mirror solar cookers – Tracking free experiments with three different aspect ratios

Abstract An experimental investigation supported by numerical simulations to determine the performance parameters of dual booster mirror box type soar cookers having three different length to width ratios, has been carried out in this paper. In addition, the most optimal tilt angles for each of the two booster mirrors, for each day of the year, have been determined for tracking free operation. The numerical investigation has been carried out for a 25° latitude location for all days of the year to determine the best power collection capability of a dual booster mirror solar cooker during 6 h of the most desirable cooking period, ranging from 3 h before to 3 h after the solar noon. Three solar cookers selected for this investigation have length to width ratios of 1.33, 2.66 and 3.99, respectively. Tracking free experiments are conducted for three days to compare the simultaneous performance of each cooker with proportionate water load. Finally, the analysis of the experimental results has been carried out, including the determination of the first and second figures of merit, cooking power, exergy efficiency and the quality factor, in each case. Results indicate that tracking free performance of fully loaded box type solar cookers with two booster mirrors inclined at appropriate angles, becomes optimal with an aspect ratio of 2.66.
Diffusion Bonding and Testing of Boron-Aluminum Composites:

The tensile behavior of unidirectionally reinforced boron fila ment-aluminum composites was evaluated for a wide range of diffusion bonding parameters and a method of detailed analysis of the stress-strain behavior developed and described. The effect of these variations in processing conditions on the tensile behavior, including the fracture morphology of the resulting composites, was assessed. The value of the composite tensile strength at the opti mum combinations of time and temperature in the experimental situation was from 120 to 130 percent of the calculated rule of mixtures value. This demonstrated synergism is discussed and explained in terms of the developed internal multiaxial stress states in the composites.The bond between the aluminum and the boron filament was investigated by electron microscope replica techniques. The replicas demonstrated that a strong bond between the filament and the metal matrix exists by showing failure in the metal rather than the bond area upon filament extraction.Th...
Nonlinear effects in steady supersonic dissipative gasdynamics. Part 2. Three-dimensional axisymmetric flow

Steady, supersonic, dissipative, three-dimensional, axisymmetric flow is considered. A system of Burgers-type equations is shown to govern the flow field. In inviscid regions the Whitham theory gives the limiting form. Dissipative effects ultimately engulf the inviscid zone and at sufficiently large distances from the body the flow is governed by linear dissipative theory. The flow field is divided into zones based on the presence or absence of nonlinearity and dissipation. Estimates and criteria which describe the extent of these zones are given.
Investigation of molar volume and surfactant characteristics of water-soluble organic compounds in biomass burning aerosol

In this study, we characterize the CCN activity of the water-soluble organics in biomass burning aerosol. The aerosol after collection upon filters is dissolved in water using sonication. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic components are fractionated from a portion of the original sample using solid phase extraction, and subsequently desalted. The surface tension and CCN activity of these different samples are measured with a KSV CAM 200 goniometer and a DMT Streamwise Thermal Gradient CCN Counter, respectively. The measurements show that the strongest surfactants are isolated in the hydrophobic fraction, while the hydrophilics exhibit negligible surface tension depression. The presence of salts (primarily (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ) in the hydrophobic fraction substantially enhances surface tension depression; their synergistic effects considerably enhance CCN activity, exceeding that of pure (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . From our analysis, average thermodynamic properties (i.e, molar volume) are determined for samples using our newly developed Kohler Theory Analysis (KTA) method. The molar mass of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic aerosol components is estimated to be 87±26 g mol −1 and 780±231 g mol −1 , respectively. KTA also suggests that the relative proportion (in moles) of hydrophobic to hydrophilic compounds in the original sample to be 1:3. For the first time, KTA is applied to an aerosol with this level of complexity and displays its potential for providing physically-based constraints for GCM parameterizations of the aerosol indirect effect.
Dirichlet's diophantine approximation theorem

One form of Dirichlet's theorem on simultaneous diophantine approximation asserts that if α1, α2, …, αn are any real numbers and m ≥ 2 is an integer, then there exist integers q, p1, p2, …, pn such that 1 ≤ q < m and |qαi.-pi| ≤ m–1/n holds for 1 < i < n. The paper considers the problem of the extent to which this theorem can be improved by replacing m–1/n by a smaller number. A general solution to this problem is given. It is also shown that a recent result of Kurt Mahler [Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. 14 (1976), 463–465] amounts to a solution of the case n = 1 of the above problem. A related conjecture of Mahler is proved.
Behavioral manifestations of dementia: a research agenda.

In 1785, an anonymous author published what may be the first case report of a patient with dementia. This dramatic case report highlighted the distressing and disruptive behavioral manifestations that the patient suffered.
An optical age chronology of Late Pleistocene fluvial deposits in the northern lower Mississippi valley

The lower Mississippi valley (LMV) contains many large braided channel belts that are preserved west of the Holocene floodplain. Previous efforts to establish geochronologic control on channel-belt construction have been hindered by the lack of organic material for radiocarbon dating. Luminescence techniques provide a burial date for the sediment itself and may prove useful in this context. Samples from three channel belts in the northern LMV were analyzed using the single aliquot-regenerative technique on 90–125mm quartz. Optical ages (19.7–17.8, 16.1–15.0 and 12.5–12.1 ka) are consistent with geomorphic relationships and indicate that channel belts were formed in the late Pleistocene under glacial conditions. These optical ages provide the first detailed chronology of LMV channel-belt formation and are the first step towards developing a chronology for the entire LMV. r 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Interplay between positive and negative activities that influence the role of Bicoid in transcription

The Drosophila mophogenetic protein Bicoid (Bcd) can activate transcription in a concentration-dependent manner in embryos. It contains a self-inhibitory domain that can interact with the co-repressor Sin3A. In this report, we study a Bcd mutant, Bcd(A57-61), which has a strengthened self-inhibitory function and is unable to activate the hb-CAT reporter in Drosophila cells, to analyze the role of co-factors in regulating Bcd function. We show that increased concentrations of the co-activator dCBP in cells can switch this protein from its inactive state to an active state on the hb-CAT reporter. The C-terminal portion of Bcd(A57-61) is required to mediate such activity-rescuing function of dCBP. Although capable of binding to DNA in vitro, Bcd(A57-61) is unable to access the hb enhancer element in cells, suggesting that its DNA binding defect is only manifested in a cellular context. Increased concentrations of dCBP restore not only the ability of Bcd(A57-61) to access the hb enhancer element in cells but also the occupancy of the general transcription factors TBP and TFIIB at the reporter promoter. These and other results suggest that an activator can undergo switches between its active and inactive states through sensing the opposing actions of positive and negative co-factors.
SEnD NMR: Sensitivity Enhanced n-Dimensional NMR

Sparse sampling offers tremendous potential for overcoming the time limitations imposed by traditional Cartesian sampling of indirectly detected dimensions of multidimensional NMR data. However, in many instances sensitivity rather than time remains of foremost importance when collecting data on protein samples. Here we explore how to optimize the collection of radial sampled multidimensional NMR data to achieve maximal signal-to-noise. A method is presented that exploits a rigorous definition of the minimal set of radial sampling angles required to resolve all peaks of interest in combination with a fundamental statistical property of radial sampled data. The approach appears general and can achieve a substantial sensitivity advantage over Cartesian sampling for the same total data acquisition time. Termed Sensitivity Enhanced n-Dimensional or SEnD NMR, the method involves three basic steps. First, data collection is optimized using routines to determine a minimal set of radial sampling angles required to resolve frequencies in the radially sampled chemical shift evolution dimensions. Second, appropriate combinations of experimental parameters (transients and increments) are defined by simple statistical considerations in order to optimize signal-to-noise in single angle frequency domain spectra. Finally, the data is processed with a direct multidimensional Fourier transform and a statistical artifact and noise removal step is employed.
Preliminary Study of Green Design and Project Delivery Methods in the Public Sector

Abstract The selection of the project delivery method (PDM) for any project is critical—it establishes the communication, coordination, and contractual interfaces between the owner, contractor, and designer. With an increase in the number of green design projects, understanding the relationship between the PDM and green design is paramount to project and contract management. While it is reasonable to assume that a relationship between green design and design-build (DB) exists since both theoretically are intended to foster an integrated, holistic, team-based collaborative project; it is also appropriate to understand the relationship between green design and other PDMs. This preliminary research examined possible relationships between design-bid-build (DBB), construction management (CM), and DB PDMs and green design with the goal of beginning to identify potential positive correspondence between them. To develop an initial understanding, two main tasks were completed. First, existing published research wa...
Nonverbal communication in one-to-one music performance instruction:

This study explored nonverbal communication in one-to-one music performance instruction by investigating relationships among nonverbal sensitivity, nonverbal behaviors and lesson effectiveness. Sub...
Psychosocial Aspects of Neurological Impairments in Children

With the advent of new technological methods, the assessment of brain tumors, head injury, and neurological impairments through neuropsychological techniques has moved beyond diagnosis to determining educational needs and intervention strategies. It has become apparent that efforts now need to be directed at investigating and understanding the psychosocial needs accompanying these disorders. Many clients are provided with sufficient information about their intellectual and medical needs, but social and emotional areas are not as clearly explained nor targeted for interventions.
The Structure of Diversity within New World Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups: Implications for the Prehistory of North America

The mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and hypervariable segment I (HVSI) sequences of 1,612 and 395 Native North Americans, respectively, were analyzed to identify major prehistoric population events in North America. Gene maps and spatial autocorrelation analyses suggest that populations with high frequencies of haplogroups A, B, and X experienced prehistoric population expansions in the North, Southwest, and Great Lakes region, respectively. Haplotype networks showing high levels of reticulation and high frequencies of nodal haplotypes support these results. The haplotype networks suggest the existence of additional founding lineages within haplogroups B and C; however, because of the hypervariability exhibited by the HVSI data set, similar haplotypes exhibited in Asia and America could be due to convergence rather than common ancestry. The hypervariability and reticulation preclude the use of estimates of genetic diversity within haplogroups to argue for the number of migrations to the Americas.
Recognizing disguised faces

Across three experiments, we evaluated the effects of “disguises” on observers’ face identification performance using naturalistic images in which individuals posed with a variety of wigs and eyegl...