cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Media Connections: Bridging the State-Society Divide

The literature on media-state relations has generally emphasized the media’s function as a watchdog of the state. According to this line of reasoning, a strong democracy is characterized by the presence of independent media to check the state. By extension, the absence of independent media generally characterizes non-democracies, thereby implying that media in non-democracies do not hold any value for non-state actors. However, this simple distinction of state-media relations by regime type ignores the fact that media in transitioning states like China have retained their connections to the state even as they exercise greater independence. In fact, Chinese media’s ability to straddle the state-society divide makes them uniquely positioned to contribute to the work of the NGOs, which can employ media connections to establish state linkages as well as obtain other state resources. Although it is important not to overstate the value of media connections when compared with that of state linkages, the cases presented in this chapter nevertheless show that media connections are extremely valuable as means to acquire state linkages and can help NGOs strengthen those linkages.
Abstract LB-248: Towards a global picture of breast cancer: transcriptional networks, pathways, regulators, and validation

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC The unprecedented volumes of large-scale genomic and genetic data being generated today, combined with the poor understanding of the genetics underlying complex biological systems, demand a systems biology approach to identify a global landscape of interactomes that contribute to a variety of clinical endpoints such as tumor progression. Along this direction, two kinds of gene network analyses, association (gene coexpression network) and causality inference (Bayesian network), have been almost independently developed in the past decade. In spite of the significant success of the methods, it is still far away from generating a clear picture for even a single pathway involved in complex human disease like cancer due to insufficient information and various limitations of the methods. Here we present a framework to combine the two types of network analyses with an aim of integrating many high-throughput gene expression datasets on multiple platforms. By applying the integrative network approach to four large scale microarray datasets in breast cancer, we first systematically uncover gene modules/pathways involved in breast cancer progression through a weighted gene coexpression network analysis, then use these gene modules to partition a complex Bayesian network constructed from the same datasets, and finally identify key regulators of the modules predictive of outcomes. A significant portion of the predicted novel gene targets are validated through a large number of siRNA experiments in breast cancer cell lines. This allows us to globally validate breast cancer gene networks. The integrative approach and the findings will have a significant impact on breast cancer research and drug development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-248.
Chirped-Pulse Fourier Transform Microwave Spectroscopy Coupled with a Flash Pyrolysis Microreactor: Structural Determination of the Reactive Intermediate Cyclopentadienone.

Chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy (CP-FTMW) is combined with a flash pyrolysis (hyperthermal) microreactor as a novel method to investigate the molecular structure of cyclopentadienone (C5H4═O), a key reactive intermediate in biomass decomposition and aromatic oxidation. Samples of C5H4═O were generated cleanly from the pyrolysis of o-phenylene sulfite and cooled in a supersonic expansion. The 13C isotopic species were observed in natural abundance in both C5H4═O and in C5D4═O samples, allowing precise measurement of the heavy atom positions in C5H4═O. The eight isotopomers include: C5H4═O, C5D4═O, and the singly 13C isotopomers with 13C substitution at the C1, C2, and C3 positions. Microwave spectra were interpreted by CCSD(T) ab initio electronic structure calculations and an re molecular structure for C5H4═O was found. Comparisons of the structure of this “anti-aromatic” molecule are made with those of comparable organic molecules, and it is concluded that the disfavoring of the “a...
Roles of calcitonin gene-related peptide on growth of premature rat typeII alveolar epithelial cells exposed to hyperoxia

AIM: To explore the influence of 600 mL/L oxygen and the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) on the growth of typeⅡ alveolar epithelial cells(AECⅡ) isolated from premature rat lungs in vitro.METHODS: AECⅡ were isolated from 19 d fetal rat lungs and cultured for 12 h to attach.AECⅡ were then randomly divided into four groups: Air group,hyperoxia group,hyperoxia plus CGRP group,and hyperoxia plus CGRP and CGRP(8-37) group.AECⅡ of air group and hyperoxia group were exposed to 210 mL/L or 600 mL/L oxygen respectively for 24 h while CGRP was added in hyperoxia plus CGRP group and CGRP and CGRP(8-37)(CGRP receptor antagonist) were added in hyperoxia plus CGRP and CGRP(8-37) group before they were placed into chamber of 600 mL/L oxygen.Cell proliferation ability was determined by MTT assay and cell cycles were examined by flow cytometry.The mRNA levels and protein contents of surfactant protein C(SPC) in the four groups were measured by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence respectively.RESULTS: Exposure to 600 mL/L oxygen for 24 h inhibited AECⅡ proliferation,increased cell proportion of G0/G1 phase with the decrease of cells in S and G2/M phases,and reduced the levels of mRNA and proteins of SPC.CGRP of 10-8M promoted AECⅡ proliferation,enhanced cell proportions of S and G2/M phases,and increased the expression of SPC mRNA and protein.CONCLUSION: Exposure to 600 mL/L oxygen for 24 h inhibits AECⅡ growth,proliferation and differentiation whereas CGRP partially counteracts the inhibitory effects of hyperoxia on AECⅡ and plays a protective role against hyperoxia-induced lung injury.
Hepatitis B infection in school children of migrant workers and strategy of its prevention and control

Objective To figure out current status of viral hepatitis B (HB) infection in the school children of migrant workers to provide information for developing the strategy of its prevention and control.Methods Multi-phase cluster sampling was used to detected serum HBsAg and anti-HBc in the target groups.Results (1) Prevalence of positive HBsAg and anti-HBc among school children of migrant workers was higher than that in children of permanent residents. (2) No remarkable difference in prevalence of serum HBsAg and anti-HBc between boys and girls was found (χ~2=0.143, P=0.705; χ~2=0.025, P=0.873). (3) Prevalence of serum positive HBsAg and anti-HBc increased with the age of children (χ~2=6.733, P=0.009; χ~2=22.04, P0.01). (4) No remarkable difference in HBsAg and anti-HBc between cities of different level of economic development, where they are living now (χ~2=0.111, P=0.739; χ~2=2.92, P=0.087).Conclusion (1) HB infection in school children of migrant workers was more serious than in those of local residents. (2) Children of migrant workers should be managed as children of local residents.
Endoscopic Laser Applications in the Gastrointestinal Tract

The Nd:YAG and, to a lesser degree, the argon laser have become valuable tools for the surgical endoscopist. Over the last 10 years, the impetus for application of these expensive instruments has changed from what the laser can do to what the laser can do better than less expensive technology. Whereas a few controlled randomized studies suggest that the Nd:YAG laser is better than no therapy and equivalent to other heat-producing instruments for control of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, such studies do not exist for other laser applications. Despite the lack of such studies, we remain convinced that, where available, lasers are the instrument of choice for palliation of unresectable mucosal-based cancers, coagulation of arteriovenous malformations, and ablation of certain adenomatous polyps in selected patients. New techniques on the horizon include the use of endoscopic photo-dynamic therapy for treatment of gastrointestinal cancers and endoscopic laser fragmentation of large common bile duct stones. The potential role for a nonthermal "endoscopic scalpel" is questionable because most gastrointestinal tissues are well vascularized; however, a pulsed laser capable of cutting and coagulation, such as the holmium:YAG laser, may be of some value for incisional endoscopic procedures.
Cytosolic calcium ion regulation in cultured endothelial cells.

Endothelial cells profoundly affect the cardiovascular system by interacting with the blood at the luminal surface and with the underlying smooth muscle of the media. Endothelial secretions carry out multiple and sometimes opposing functions. For example, thrombotic and antithrombotic, proliferative and antiproliferative, as well as vasodilatory and vasoconstrictor substances have been identified with the endothelium.
Dominance and Prestige: Dual Strategies for Navigating Social Hierarchies

Abstract The presence of hierarchy is a ubiquitous feature of human social groups. An evolutionary perspective provides novel insight into the nature of hierarchy, including its causes and consequences. When integrated with theory and data from social psychology, an evolutionary approach provides a conceptual framework for understanding the strategies that people use to navigate their way through social hierarchies. This article focuses on two strategies—dominance and prestige—that have played a key role in regulating human hierarchies throughout history. Dominance reflects a repertoire of behaviors, cognitions, and emotions aimed at attaining social rank through coercion, intimidation, and the selfish manipulation of group resources. Prestige instead reflects behaviors, cognitions, and emotions aimed at attaining social rank through the display of valued knowledge and skill. Despite their similarities (both are aimed at attaining social rank) the two strategies involve very different sets of social psychological phenomena. In addition to (1) discussing and differentiating the two strategies, this chapter (2) describes a program of research investigating their implications for leadership behavior, (3) considers implications of this framework for a number of other social psychological literatures, and (4) provides recommendations for further examining the operation of the two strategies in social groups.
Preferences for a Professional Doctorate in Philanthropy Program

To date, there are 42 PhD programs (Mirabella, n.d.) within the United States in which people can focus on advancing knowledge in nonprofit management and/or philanthropic studies. Focusing on nonprofit and philanthropic studies in a PhD program involves students taking one to two nonprofit foundational courses at the master’s degree level along with the rest of their doctoral level courses and then writing a dissertation in their desired subject area. However, most nonprofit-focused PhD programs involve earning the entire PhD in another subject area, such as public administration or political science. Only one program in the United States at Indiana University, Purdue University, Indianapolis (IUPUI), allows students to pursue a PhD in philanthropic studies. However, because of the scarcity of research on doctoral level education in nonprofit and philanthropic studies, it is unknown if these PhD programs advance students for their intended careers in the academic or professional realm. Professional doctorates focused in philanthropy may be one option to advance students in their nonacademic careers. In this study, I report findings from a survey of 552 nonprofit and philanthropic professionals about their preferences for doctoral level education. Findings show that respondents wanted to pursue a professional doctorate rather than a PhD. For professional doctorate respondents, the traditional in-person classes incorporating case studies, discussion, and individual projects were the most preferable program format. Respondents also indicated that they would be like to be part-time doctoral students and commit 2 years to their doctoral studies. The final product that they would prefer to work on is an applied project or applied research. These findings suggest challenges and opportunities to implementing a professional doctorate program focused in nonprofit management and/or philanthropic studies.
The Subsurface Environment

The subsurface environment includes soils that support the world's forests, grasslands, and agricultural crops, and water-saturated aquifers that supply water for drinking, farming, and industry. This chapter covers the fundamental chemical, biological, and transport processes of natural subsurface systems, and the behavior of both organic and inorganic contaminants that enter the subsurface environment. The chapter builds on material presented in Chapter 2 for the many processes that are common to both surface waters and groundwaters. In addition, this chapter covers tools and topics that become especially important in soils and aquifers, such as models for flow in both saturated and unsaturated porous media, well design and analysis, retardation of both organic and inorganic chemicals, biofilms, and remediation techniques for contaminated soils and groundwaters.
Qualitative GIS: To Mediate, Not Dominate

As Michael Goodchild reminds us1, the Seventeenth-Century geographer, Bernard Varenius, produced a treatise focused on two views of geography. One, clearly related to the work of Newton, covered general geography (dealing with a general set of principles) and the other dealt with ideographic geography (having to do with the special character of places). Varenius’ (1650) two-fold approach affirms what our society has forgotten, but what is in agreement with Newton himself: we need to conceive of — there is — both absolute and relative space. The former is assumed by physicists in the course of their abstractions and the latter is experienced by ordinary people in the course of making their way in the world. However, today, the powerful realm of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), for all its potential for human understanding and good, does substantial violence by requiring that all our transactions and uses translate (radically convert) our experiential realms into the coded terms of GIS as based on data provided and available only in Euclidean geometrical terms for Newtonian space.
Analysis of an idealized system of demand adaptive paired-line hybrid transit

Abstract This paper proposes and analyzes a new transit system that integrates the traditional fixed-route service with a demand-adaptive service. The demand-adaptive service connects passengers from their origin/destination to the fixed-route service in order to improve accessability. The proposed hybrid design is unique in that it operates the demand-adaptive service with a stable headway to cover all stops along a paired fixed-route line. Pairing demand-adaptive vehicles with a fixed-route line simplifies the complexity of on-demand routing, because the vehicles can follow a more predictable path and can be dispatched on intervals coordinated with the fixed-route line. The design of the two services are closely coupled to minimize the total system cost, which incudes both the transit agency’s operating cost and the user cost. The optimal design model is formulated as a mixed integer program and solved using a commercially available metaheuristic. Numerical experiments are conducted to compare the demand adaptive paired-line hybrid transit (DAPL-HT) system with two related transit systems that may be considered its special cases: a fixed-route system and a flexible-route system. We show that the DAPL-HT system outperforms the other two systems under a wide range of demand levels and in various scenarios of input parameters. A discrete-event simulation model is also developed and applied to confirm the correctness of the analytical results.
Liquid-liquid phase transition in an ionic model of silica.

Recent equation of state calculations [E. Lascaris, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 125701 (2016)] for an ionic model of silica suggest that it undergoes a density-driven, liquid–liquid phase transition (LLPT) similar to the controversial transition hypothesized to exist in deeply supercooled water. Here, we perform extensive free energy calculations to scrutinize the model’s low-temperature phase behavior and confirm the existence of a first-order phase transition between two liquids with identical compositions but different densities. The low-density liquid (LDL) exhibits tetrahedral order, which is partially disrupted in the high-density liquid (HDL) by the intrusion of additional particles into the primary neighbor shell. Histogram reweighting methods are applied to locate conditions of HDL–LDL coexistence and the liquid spinodals that bound the two-phase region. Spontaneous liquid–liquid phase separation is also observed directly in large-scale molecular dynamics simulations performed inside the predicted two-...
The Last Word Is: Imagination: A Study of the Spatial Aspects of Edgard Varèse's Work, Part II: Visual Evidence

Edgard Varese was one of the singular musical innovators of the 20th century. Central to his thinking was an informed yet uniquely imaginative position regarding metaphoric “space.” Through contacts with science, he developed an idiosyncratic vocabulary involving “rotating planes,” “beams,” “projection” and “penetration.” His outlook was both conceptually and musically (especially in Integrales) manifested. The first part of a two-part article, “The Last Word Is: Imagination, Part I: The Visual Evidence” (published in Perspectives of New Music), references Varese’s writings and lectures. The second part, published here, is concerned with the visual evidence, a context within which his spatial ideas could be directly manifested without the distortions of electroacoustic sound projection or vagaries of instrumental and vocal performance. In original artworks, marginalia, doodles and an array of spiral diagrams, Varese directly portrayed his concepts with remarkable lucidity.
Does Foreign Aid Build Peace

Does foreign aid build peace? The answer is of paramount importance for policy makers and practitioners, given that the world's poor are growing increasingly concentrated in conflict-affected countries. Scholars have also demonstrated keen interest, primarily examining the relationship between foreign aid and civil wars. This review takes stock of the existing literature through a survey of key theoretical arguments connecting aid to the onset, dynamics, and recurrence of civil wars. It then articulates a key challenge posed by undertheorization of aid allocation, which is largely nonrandom, making the causal effects difficult to infer. I identify five areas in need of greater attention: microfoundational theoretical assumptions about aid flows; aid in the context of other foreign policy options; explicit articulation of other factors that may mediate or moderate aid's effects; levels of observation and aggregation; and measurement.
Assessing Weight Status in Adolescent and Young Adult Users of the Etonogestrel Contraceptive Implant.

Abstract Study Objective There are inconsistent data regarding hormonal contraception and weight. Weight concerns might deter teens from using highly effective contraception such as the etonogestrel subdermal implant (ENG). There is little literature about weight gain and adolescent ENG use; most studies involve adult women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate weight/body mass index (BMI) change in adolescent and young adult ENG users compared with nonusers. Design Retrospective chart review of 197 ENG users and age, race, BMI, and follow-up time-matched controls. Setting Adolescent medicine clinic. Participants Individuals who had been using ENG for 6 months or more were eligible. A control group of non-ENG users who had been seen during the same period was identified to compare weight/BMI over time. Cases were matched to controls on age, BMI, and race. Interventions and Main Outcome Measures Electronic medical records were reviewed for weight/BMI change and ENG side effects. The study was designed to have 80% power to detect a 2-kg weight difference between cases and controls. Results Participant mean age was 17 (±2) years. Mean follow-up was 24.5 (±9.3) months. Forty-three of 197 ENG users removed the implant early; 3/43 (6.3%) patients cited weight gain as the primary reason for removal. Mean weight change for ENG users was +3.6 (±7.8) kg vs +3.1 (±5.9) kg for controls (P = .43); mean BMI change was +1.3 (±2.9) in cases vs +1.0 (±2.3) in controls (P = .204). Overall regression analyses showed no group differences among cases and controls. Conclusion Long-term ENG use did not lead to significant weight gain in this sample of adolescent and young adult women. This study supports the statement that ENGs are an effective and weight-neutral option.
American Heart Association Precision Medicine Platform.

Integrating the open science movement with impactful discoveries in science, velocity of technology, and raw power of cloud computing has led to an unprecedented opportunity for scientific discovery. The American Heart Association recently established the Precision Medicine Platform1 through the efforts of multiple American Heart Association volunteers and a collaboration with Amazon Web Services. The cloud-based platform, powered by Amazon Web Services and available at https://precision.heart.org, was founded on the FAIR principles (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable)2 and includes secure collaboration areas (workspaces) and an open sharing area. The goals of the platform are to democratize data, to make it easy to search across orthogonal data sets, to provide a secure workspace to leverage the power of cloud computing, and to provide a forum for users to share insights. Multiple learning tools are available, including video tutorials, templates using open interactive programming framework, and a forum for interaction among community members.3 When accessing large public data sets today, researchers have to find, access, download, and interpret each data set individually. Researchers must untangle and interpret the data and then expend resources to house the data. In addition, the lack of harmonization across multiple data sets obviates the ability of researchers to combine data sources and to confirm or generate cogent findings. The platform aims to address these challenges through a transparent and …
QUANTITATIVE MODELING OF LV INFLOW CHARACTERIZES IMPAIRED LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION, ATRIAL FUNCTION AND LV-LA COUPLING

There is a clinical need for a more detailed non-invasive characterization of diastolic function. Parametrized kinematic modeling of diastolic filling (diastolic filling formalism, PDFF) based on the Doppler echocardiographic E wave velocity profile, may provide a detailed characterization of
Converting cultural capital into economic capital: a hybrid newspaper’s content management and performance during economic turbulence

A newspaper under siege often struggles to balance its journalistic mission with revenue mission. This study applied Bourdieu’s field theory to the analysis of one American metropolitan newspaper’s...
Randomized clinical trial of the 350-mm2 versus the 500-mm2 Baerveldt implant: longer term results: is bigger better?

Abstract Objective To report the longer term results of a randomized, clinical trial comparing the 350-mm 2 and the 500-mm 2 Baerveldt glaucoma implants. Design Extended follow-up on a randomized, controlled trial. Participants Between March 1991 and April 1993, 107 patients with uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) due to non-neovascular glaucoma associated with aphakia, pseudophakia, or failed filters were randomly assigned for surgical placement of either the 350-mm 2 or the 500-mm 2 Baerveldt implant at the Doheny Eye Institute. Methods A random-numbers table was used to assign each patient to one of the two groups. Preoperative IOPs and visual acuities were recorded. Clinical records were reviewed to ascertain postoperative IOPs, visual acuities, number of medications used, and implant-related complications that occurred throughout the follow-up period. Main outcome measures Success was defined as IOP of 6 mmHg or greater and of 21 mmHg or less in two or more consecutive follow-up visits without further glaucoma surgery or loss of light perception attributable to glaucoma. Results The overall success rates were 87% for the 350-mm 2 group and 70% for the 500-mm 2 group ( P = 0.05). Average follow-up was 37 months (range, 1–76 months) for the 350-mm 2 group and 34 months (range, 5–77 months) for the 500-mm 2 group. The life-table success rates declined over time for both implant groups, from a high of 98% for the 350-mm 2 group and 92% for the 500-mm 2 group at 1 year to a cumulative success rate of 79% for the 350-mm 2 group and 66% for the 500-mm 2 group at 5 years. Visual acuities were better or remained the same in 50% of the patients in the 350-mm 2 group and 46% of those in the 500-mm 2 group. Complications during the 5-year follow-up were also statistically similar. Conclusions The longer term results show that the 350-mm 2 Baerveldt implant is more successful than the 500-mm 2 implant for overall IOP control. Interval comparisons indicate a higher rate of success for the 350-mm 2 implant in the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth years of implantation. Visual acuities, implant-related complications, and average IOPs were statistically indistinguishable between the two groups.
Concepts of Glass-Ceramics

It has been pointed out in previous sections1 that, while cooling from the melting temperature, all liquids traverse a temperature range in which the liquid becomes thermodynamically unstable with respect to one or more crystalline phases. Whether or not crystals will form as a result of this instability is dependent on the rate of cooling and the kinetics of crystallization of the particular crystalline species that are involved.
Mixed Incontinence in an Elderly Woman

A 79-yr-old active woman complains of symptoms of mixed incontinence requiring four thick pads per day. Exam reveals no prolapse, a postvoid residual (PVR) of 170 cc and a Q-tip test of 0–30°. Urodynamics demonstrates a Valsalva leak-point pressure of 52 cm H2O, detrusor overactivity, and poor detrusor contraction during voiding.
“Think You Right: I Am Not What I Am”: Dialectical Self-Overcoming and the Concept of Resilience

In this paper, I argue that “resilience” in some sense of the term is a necessary predicate of all subjectivity, and thus of all political programs subjects could be capable of undertaking.While contemporary political discourses typically call for “resilience” as a way to justify the social formations already in place, this does not mean that the concept of resilience is itself irredeemable.In fact, all subjects must first be “resilient,” i.e., continue to exist as themselves in some sense, before they can aspire to be other than what they are.Consequently, we cannot totally abandon the concept, even as we must continue to examine with suspicion the ways those in authority deploy it to secure their rule.I contend that the term “resilience” embodies—etymologically and socially—the classical tension between “being” and “becoming” that lies at the root of dialectical thought.By framing resilience in terms of dialectical thinking, we can see how it is both necessary for and dangerous to the pursuit of a robust and imaginative politics, as well as to ethical projects of self-mastery and self-creation.
Online consumer activism: Challenging companies with Change.org:

Within this article, I explore how consumer activists use the petition site Change.org to successfully resist and challenge corporate business practices. Bringing together literature from communica...
Non-equilibrium states and glass transitions in foods: Processing effects and product-specific implications edited by Bhesh Bhandari and Yrjo H. Roos: Cambridge, MA: Woodhead Publishing, 2016; 514 pp., ISBN: 978-0-08-100309-1 (Print)

Although crystalline and nonequilibrium glassy states of solids were well known even a century ago, the importance of glassy states in food was first highlighted in the 1960s. In the last three dec...
Abstract ES5-3: Late recurrence in ER-positive breast cancer

The risk of recurrence in early stage, ER-positive breast cancer patients persists for 15-20+ years after diagnosis, and never declines to zero. Rates of late recurrence can be reduced by extending tamoxifen therapy beyond 5 years, with additional tamoxifen or a switch to an aromatase inhibitor. The benefits of extending aromatase inhibitors beyond 5 years remains unclear. The benefit of extended adjuvant endocrine therapy for the average early stage breast cancer patient is small. Extended therapy can be associated with serious increased risks, including thromboembolic events and endometrial cancer with tamoxifen, and fractures and possibly cardiovascular events with aromatase inhibitors. Quality of life can also be impacted, including vasomotor symptoms, sexual dysfunction, and arthralgias. Determining which patients have high residual risk of recurrence beyond 5 years, and importantly whether additional therapy is likely to mitigate that risk, has been the subject of considerable recent research. Tumor size, nodal status and grade of the primary tumor at the time of diagnosis have been shown to be associated with risk of late recurrence in ER-positive breast cancer. Several multi-parameter molecular biomarker assays performed on the primary tumor are able to separate patients into groups at low and high risk for recurrence beyond 5 years when using retrospective data sets. To date, no specific assay has been felt to have high enough level evidence to recommend inclusion in treatment guidelines or use in decision-making regarding continuing, stopping or switching endocrine therapy. Recent studies have evaluated whether there are better determinants of late risk of recurrence, beyond the biology of the primary tumor, that can be performed years after the original diagnosis. Assays that may predict the presence of dormant tumor cells and late relapse include Circulating Tumor Calls (CTCs), Disseminated Tumor Cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow, and circulating tumor DNA, proteins or metabolites. While early data is promising, further research is needed before incorporating into clinical decision-making. Identifying a biomarker to determine patients most likely to benefit from longer duration endocrine therapy, or additional therapeutic approaches, could help in reducing late relapse as well as minimizing the risk of side effects and overtreatment. Citation Format: Gralow J. Late recurrence in ER-positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES5-3.
The Role of Texture Development and Dislocations in Acoustoelasticity during Plane Deformation

Acoustoelasticity is a technique of nondestructive evaluation which relates changes in the stress state acting on a body to changes in the speeds at which waves propagate through the body. The nature of the acoustoelastic effect is well understood under elastic deformations and has been studied under plastic deformations of a polycrystalline aggregate [1–4]. While several phenomenological theories [5–7] have been proposed to describe the effect of plasticity on the acoustoelastic response, the roles of the various microstructural mechanisms which contribute to this effect have not been clearly identified. The purpose of the present work is to examine the effects of two specific mechanisms: the reorientation of grains which accompanies plastic deformation and the motion of dislocations under the applied forces.
Role of T-cell activation in salt-sensitive hypertension.

The contributions of T lymphocytes to the pathogenesis of salt-sensitive hypertension has been well established. Under hypertensive stimuli, naive T cells develop into different subsets, including ...
Effect of number of channels and speech coding strategy on speech recognition in mid-scala electrode recipients

This study investigated the number of channels needed for maximum speech understanding and sound quality in 5 (anticipated n = 10) adult cochlear implant (CI) recipients with mid-scala electrode arrays completely within scala tympani (ST). CI programs with 4–16 active electrodes using a CIS-based strategy were created along with two n-of-m programs (8-of-16 and 12-of-16). Measures of speech understanding and sound quality were assessed. Our hypothesis was that individuals with precurved electrodes localized in ST would have greater channel independence than previous studies demonstrating gains in performance beyond 8 channels. Participants demonstrated performance gains up to 8–10 electrodes for speech recognition and sound quality ratings. Significantly poorer performance was observed using an n-of-m strategy as compared to CIS conditions with 8+ electrodes. These data are in contrast with recent studies for precurved arrays (e.g., Croghan et al., 2017; Berg et al., in review) reporting significant improvement up to 16 to 22 channels. However, the current results are consistent with previous literature (e.g., Fishman et al., 1997; Friesen et al., 2001; Shannon et al., 2011), demonstrating no more than 8–10 independent channels for CI recipients with straight arrays. Implications for device selection and the impact of electrode-to-modiolus distance will be discussed.
Six Lessons for a Cogent Science of Implicit Bias and Its Criticism

Skepticism about the explanatory value of implicit bias in understanding social discrimination has grown considerably. The current article argues that both the dominant narrative about implicit bias as well as extant criticism are based on a selective focus on particular findings that fails to consider the broader literature on attitudes and implicit measures. To provide a basis to move forward, the current article discusses six lessons for a cogent science of implicit bias: (a) There is no evidence that people are unaware of the mental contents underlying their implicit biases; (b) conceptual correspondence is essential for interpretations of dissociations between implicit and explicit bias; (c) there is no basis to expect strong unconditional relations between implicit bias and behavior; (d) implicit bias is less (not more) stable over time than explicit bias; (e) context matters fundamentally for the outcomes obtained with implicit-bias measures; and (f) implicit measurement scores do not provide process-pure reflections of bias. The six lessons provide guidance for research that aims to provide more compelling evidence for the properties of implicit bias. At the same time, they suggest that extant criticism does not justify the conclusion that implicit bias is irrelevant for the understanding of social discrimination.
Piloting a Survivorship Screening Tool in a Specialty Clinic for Survivors of Childhood Cancers

We piloted a patient-reported screener in a clinic for survivors of childhood cancers to facilitate detection of late effects, psychosocial needs, and distress. The mean number of patient-reported ...
Ankle and Lower Leg Injuries in Professional Baseball Players.

Background:Ankle and lower leg injuries are very common in sports, and numerous studies have discussed their diagnosis and management. Our study differs in that we report lower leg injuries in prof...
Science in a Time of Crisis.

We face horrific and unprecedented challenges in the provision of medical care to patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) That said, halting scientific discovery certainly slows the emergence of life-saving insights and therapies;as we all are aware, cardiovascular disease remains the number 1 killer around the globe The science we publish must endure the test of time, lasting long after the COVID-19 pandemic has passed;this has been the abiding commitment of our now 70-year-old journal, and it will continue [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Circulation is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
Anhedonia and the Amotivational State of Schizophrenia

Acedia, a condition characterized in medieval times by pathological mental or spiritual torpor, was considered one of the seven deadly sins (Gilman 1982). Some 4 centuries later, we continue to struggle with the conceptualization and operationalization of motivation and, of specific concern to psychopathologists, with its status in individuals with schizophrenia. Carpenter (1987), for example, wrote that, “It has proved humane, heuristic, and scientifically valid to view persons with the disordered functions associated with schizophrenia as having an illness. Alternative views of persons with schizophrenia as immoral, self absorbed, unmotivated (emphasis added), demonically possessed, criminal, socially deviant, politically dissident, representing an extreme on normal dimensions of personal functioning, or simply as the irredeemable fringe of society have led to neglect and punishment” (p. 4).
An Ethico-Onto-Epistemological Approach to Literacy Research.

Entanglements among humans, nonhuman objects, and spatial matter in a research site necessitate greater attention to the interwoven and sometimes invisible connections across relational bodies. Thi...
Size of the Largest Colorectal Liver Metastasis Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in the Neoadjuvant Setting.

Abstract Background Up to 50% of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer develop metastases during the course of their disease. Surgical resection remains the only curative treatment option for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), frequently in conjunction with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This study sought to determine if the pathologic size of the largest CRLM impacted disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in the setting of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods All patients diagnosed with CRLM who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy for liver resection at the Massachusetts General Hospital between 2004 and 2016 were reviewed. The median size of the largest liver lesion was used as the cutoff for grouped evaluation. Results A total of 214 patients were included. Median follow-up was 100.0 mo (interquartile range 68.9-133.8 mo). The median size of the largest lesion was 21 mm. Patients with lesions ≥21 mm exhibited significantly worse median DFS (12.5 mo versus 16.6 mo; P = 0.033) and median DSS (71.3 mo versus 103.5 mo; P = 0.038). CRLM lesions ≥21 mm were associated with poorer DFS on univariate analysis (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.95 P = 0.033) and multivariable analysis (HR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.07-2.35, P = 0.023). CRLM lesions ≥21 mm were also independently associated with poorer DSS after liver resection on univariate analysis (HR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.02-2.24; P = 0.037) and multivariable analysis (HR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.27-3.07; P = 0.002). Conclusions The size of the largest CRLM is an important prognostic factor for both DFS and DSS after neoadjuvant therapy and serves as a useful indicator of tumor biology.
Verga’s “L’amante di Gramigna”: Outlaws and Disorder in Militarized Post-Unification Italy

Susan Amatangelo’s chapter looks at one of the most celebrated authors of Italian literature, Giovanni Verga, whose works reveal the influence of Italian Unification and patriotic literature on the author. Early in his career, he portrays war in historical novels that are epic in scope, but quickly turns his attention to stories that are more current; increasingly, his portrayal of history and war become more impressionistic and “human.” Amatangelo focuses on the short story, “L’amante di Gramigna,” where she argues that Verga represents the chaos that reigned in Sicily in the early 1860s, when the newly formed armed forces attempted to suppress the brigands, many of whom had military backgrounds themselves. Amatangelo notices the profound impact of the military on Peppa, the story’s protagonist, as she ultimately transfers her devotion from Gramigna to the carabinieri who captured him, able to fulfill her need for excitement but from a “safe” place.
Dynamic State Estimation Based Monitoring of High Frequency Transformer

Solid-state transformer (SST) is considered as a promising option for interfacing between different voltage levels in power systems. High frequency transformer (HFT), as the core of SST, needs to be continuously monitored to ensure its operating health. This paper presents a dynamic state estimation based approach that monitors the health status such as winding deformation of HFT. The proposed method is constructed upon the detailed high-fidelity HFT device model. With the device model and given measurements, an overall measurement model of the monitored HFT is formulated. Then, a dynamic state estimation algorithm is performed directly on the measurement model, and a health status observer is designed to check the consistency between the measurements and the HFT device model. A use case is applied in this paper for demonstration and it substantiates the proposed method by checking the health status of the monitored HFT.
New oral small molecules in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

There has been a dramatic change in therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) over the last 20 years. In 1990, available therapy produced complete responses in <5% of treated patients. This is in marked contrast to modern regimens, which are reported to reliably produce complete responses in approximately 40% to 50% of patients. This remarkable improvement has been attributable to combination chemoimmunotherapy agents that have contributed to the backbone of therapy for patients with CLL. However, the disease is still incurable and these modern treatment regimens have been somewhat limited to the treatment of younger, physically “fit” patients with CLL due to their increased toxicity, including enhanced myelosuppression and immunosuppression. In addition, because patients receive multiple therapies during the course of their lifetime, the mounting toxicities as well as decreased efficacy often limit the repeated use of these more aggressive combination therapies. Fortunately, over the past 5 years, there has been an explosion of new active agents that have demonstrated remarkable activity in patients with recurrent/refractory disease as well as those who harbor poor cytogenetic abnormalities. The current review focuses on some of the novel small molecules that have either been approved or are at the forefront of clinical development in the treatment of patients with CLL. Cancer 2015;121:1917–1926. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Use of cold-set binders in meat systems

Abstract: Restructuring technologies allow meat processors to use lower valued trim to produce more consistent, higher quality, value-added products. Use of chemically set or cold-set binder technologies further allows companies to market value-added, reduced-salt restructured or formed products in a raw, unfrozen state. Cold-set binders including calcium alginate, transglutaminase and fibrinogen/thrombin systems may be used in unique ways to restructure and improve returns on lower valued muscles, trimmings and smaller lean muscle pieces usually relegated to minced or ground meat. The functionality and acceptability of these products are dependent upon the binder used as well as the starting material. Information in this chapter will address how cold-set binders function, suitable raw materials for restructuring, differences in these binding systems, and methods to manipulate final texture.
Wheat leaf RNA polymerases: II. Kinetic characterization and template specificities of nuclear, chloroplast, and soluble enzymes

Abstract Further comparisons were made of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (nucleotide triphosphate: RNA nucleotidyl transferase, EC 2.7.7.6) activities, partially purified from purified nuclear fragments and chloroplasts and from the soluble phase of young wheat leaves. All three preparations had the same cation specificities for maximal RNA polymerase activity (Mg2+ > Mn2+ > Ca2+) and showed an absolute dependence on an added divalent cation. All three preparations showed the same thermal stabilities and pH optima, very similar pH-activity profiles, and the same type of kinetics with ATP as substrate. Enzyme activities showed negative cooperativity with respect to ATP concentration; the high and low Km values for ATP were not significantly different for the three preparations. The various RNA polymerase preparations differed in template specificities as follows: chloroplast DNA ⪢ nuclear DNA > calf thymus DNA > Micrococcus DNA (chloroplast enzyme); nuclear DNA ⪢ calf thymus DNA > chloroplast DNA > Micrococcus DNA (soluble enzyme); nuclear DNA > chloroplast DNA > calf thymus DNA > Micrococcus DNA (nuclear enzyme). The concentration of nuclear DNA for half-maximal RNA polymerase activity was lower for the nuclear than the soluble enzyme. Present evidence suggests that the nuclear, chloroplast, and soluble enzymes probably have identical catalytic cores but may possess different template-specifying subunits.
On the interplay between excitonic and biexcitonic quantum coherences

Summary form only given. While the conceptual realization of "3-level effects" in semiconductors is usually based on one-particle states given by the band structure of the system, we propose the realization of "3-level effects" in semiconductors based on many-particle states. Specifically, we study the quantum coherences related to excitons and biexcitons. Our analysis is based on the dynamics-controlled trunction (DCT) formalism and includes quantum correlations and quantum coherences within the 3rd-order nonlinear optical response. Within the /spl chi//sup (3)/ regime, only one-pair (excitonic) and two-pair (two-exciton) quantum coherences occur. We restrict the analysis to 1s-hh and 1s-lh excitons which dominate the nonlinear response. Results are shown for ZnSe quantum wells.
Silacyclopropenes: I. Synthesis and properties of some silacyclopropenes☆

Abstract The thermal decomposition of hexamethylsilirane in the presence of selected disubstituted acetylenes (Me3SiCCSiMe3), Me2HSiCCSiMe2H, Me3SiCCCH3, Me3SiCCCMe3, Me3CCCCH3) resulted in Me2Si addition to the CC bonds to give the respective silacyclopropenes. These are thermally stable but are extremely reactive toward atmospheric oxygen and moisture and react readily with methanol and ethanol at room temperature with SiC (ring) bond cleavage. The very high field 29Si NMR resonance (−87 to −106 ppm) is a characteristic feature of the silacyclopropene ring.