cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Similar mortality with general or regional anesthesia in elderly hip fracture patients.

Background and purpose — There is continuing confusion among practitioners with regard to the optimal choice of anesthetic type for repair of hip fractures. We investigated whether type of anesthetic was associated with short-term mortality after hip fracture surgery.Patients and methods — We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with surgically treated hip fractures, performed between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2012. Exposure of interest was anesthesia type (general, spinal/neuroaxial, and mixed). Endpoints were 30-, 90-, and 365-day post-surgery mortality. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported.Results — Of the 7,585 participants, 5,412 (71%) were women and the median age was 80 (IQR: 72–85) years old. Of the total cohort, 4,257 (56%) received general anesthesia, 3,059 (40%) received spinal/neuroaxial, and 269 (4%) received mixed anesthesia. Overall, the incidence of 30-, 90-, and 365-day mor...
Rights of Students

This is the prepublication draft of the "rights of students" entry of the Encyclopedia of the United States Supreme Court Macmillan, forthcoming 2008). It traces the due process, privacy, speech and equal protections rights of public school students by discussing several landmark students rights cases.
Dynamic weight bearing as a non-reflexive method for the measurement of abdominal pain in mice.

Background Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a high burden for patients and society. It affects 15–24% of women in reproductive age and is an area of high unmet medical need. CPP can be caused by a wide range of visceral diseases such as abdominal infections, gastrointestinal or gynaecological diseases like endometriosis. Despite the high medical need for this condition, pharmacological approaches are hampered by the limited number of available methods for the behavioural evaluation of pain in inflammation-driven animal models of pelvic pain. Methods The dynamic weight bearing (DWB) system was used for the evaluation of spontaneous behaviour changes in the zymosan-induced peritonitis mouse model. Inflammatory mediator levels were evaluated in peritoneal lavage and their correlation with the behavioural endpoints was assessed. We evaluated the effect on behavioural endpoints of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib and the Nav1.8 blocker A-803467. Results The presence of a relief posture, characterized by a significantly increased weight distribution towards the front paws, was observed following intraperitoneal injection of zymosan. A positive correlation was detected between PGE2 levels in the peritoneal lavage and DWB endpoints. In addition, zymosan-induced weight bearing changes were reverted by celecoxib and A-803467. Conclusions This study described for the first time the use of DWB as a non-subjective and non-reflexive method for the evaluation of inflammatory-driven abdominal pain in a mouse model.
Bisphosphonate Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

Osteonecrosis of the jaw is a serious adverse effect of intravenous bisphosphonates and denosumab, and primarily affects cancer patients treated with anti-resorptive medications for prolonged periods of time. Genetic susceptibility has long been considered as one of the main factors in the etiology of medication induced osteonecrosis of the jaw. This chapter reviews the epidemiology of osteonecrosis of the jaw including descriptive statistics, time to event statistics, analytic studies, and risk factors. We present the literature on multiple hypotheses of the various synergies between suspected risk factors and we conclude with a description of the genetics of osteonecrosis. More specifically, we present data from a genome wide association study of cases and controls, describe its main methods and attributes, and main results. RBMS3 and several other genetic markers of susceptibility have been identified and are currently undergoing further evaluation in an independent cohort of osteonecrosis patients and exposed controls.
A highly infective plant-associated bacterium influences reproductive rates in pea aphids.

Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive grant USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2014-67012-21733]
P3-S4.05 Missed opportunities for early detection of cervical cancer in an STD clinic

Background In 2009, more than 11 000 women were diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer and approximately 4000 died. Many of these women were never screened or not screened in the 5 years before their diagnosis. Because vaccine uptake has been low, it is critical to continue efforts at early detection. We examined how many women diagnosed with cervical cancer at a public hospital were seen at the public STD clinic up to 5 years before diagnosis to detect missed opportunities for early detection. Methods All cases with a diagnosis of cervical cancer from 1 January 1999 to 18 October 2010 were extracted from the electronic database of Wishard Hospital (Marion County Indiana9s public hospital) using ICD-9 codes for severe squamous dysplasia (CIN3), adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix and malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri. Results were validated using cytology and pathology records and women verified to have CIN3 or higher grade abnormalities were included. These were matched to patients in the electronic medical database of the Bell Flower Clinic (Marion County9s public STD clinic) on the basis of first name, last name, date of birth, race and social security number when present. Missed opportunities were defined as those visits to Bell Flower within 5 years of a diagnosis of cervical cancer and no history of a PAP smear or HPV screening within 2 years at Wishard Hospital. Results We identified 1309 women with cervical cancer diagnosed or treated at Wishard Hospital during the study period. Of these, 202 women were found to have visited Bell Flower at some time during the study period whereas 73 were found to have made 147 visits to Bell Flower Clinic Conclusions Most women who developed cervical cancer diagnosed or treated at the public hospital had no record of a visit to the STD clinic. Of the 38 813 visits by women to Bell Flower during the study period, only 147 visits qualified as missed opportunities for detecting cervical cancer in 48 individuals. The number of women affected by missed opportunities was low, in part, because of accessible strong PAP smears at the public hospital.
The obstetric significance of the posterior occiput position.

The occiput posterior position has been considered a serious complication of labor. Evidence is presented that it is a normal, frequently occurring position and that the outlook for mother and child is normal. Difficulties arise with the occiput posterior mainly at midpelvis. Indications for midpelvic study, their recognition and their interpretation are discussed.
Purification and identification of recombinant Cecropin AD

Objective To separate and purify Cecropin AD from fermentation broth and to identify its purity, molecularweight and antibacterial action. Methods The ion exchange method and thin layer chromatography were adopted to purifycecropin AD from Pichia pastoris fermentation broth. The purity of purified products were analyzed by HPLC. Then themolecular weight of Cecropin AD was measured by MALDI- TOF/MS. The broth microdilution method and flow cytometry(FCM) were used to identify the antibacterial action of purified Cecropin AD. Results The purity of Cecropin AD thatpurified from Pichia pastoris fermentation broth reached 98.40%. The molecular weight was 4068.15 Da and approached thedesigned size. MIC of Cecropin AD to ATCC25922 of E.coli strain sensitive to beta-lactamase and ATCC35218 of E.coli strainto beta- lactamase were both 8μg/ml, while MIC of CAZ and AMP to ATCC35218 were 8μg/ml and more than 32μg/ml.Conclusion Cecropin AD with the independent intellectual property rights was separated and purified successfully. It hasthe same antibacterial action sensitive quality control stand and resistant E.coli strain.
Continuous Infusion of Antisense Phosphorothioate Therapeutics

Current therapy for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) includes induction with Ara-C and an anthracycline, such as daunorubicin, idarubicin, or mitoxantrone. Unfortunately, most patients relapse from initial remission. Nearly one-fifth of early relapses experience treatment-related deaths. In addition, patients refractory to Ara-C die within months. Hence, new therapeutic agents must be identified capable of enhanced remission rates, diminished treatment-related mortality, or that can achieve remissions in refractory patients.
AMERICAN DEVELOPMENTS: SOCIAL SERVICES IN AN INCOME MAINTENANCE SETTING

This chapter discusses the American Developments in the purview of social services in an income maintenance setting. In 1970, the Republican legislative proposals pointed toward a reorganization of welfare that would resemble the British system in broad outline: a national, routinized income maintenance system and a comprehensive, integrated social service program at the state and local level. The American route was very different. Prior to 1962, there were no public social service programs stimulated financially or otherwise by the federal government. In 1962, the way to reduce welfare costs was by turning dependents into independents through the skills of trained social workers. Most social work professionals greeted this approach with enthusiasm. In broad outline, the American welfare system is moving toward the English system. The desired direction for American social services is a comprehensive, integrated service at the local level delivering real things that people need and want.
Performance Study Of A Multibeam Satellite System With On-board Storage And Processing

A satellite system with multiple uplinks and downlinks and on-board storage and processing is considered. The satellite makes use of a multibeam antenna for independently scanning different zones in a large service region. A new technique using a queueing theory analytic model has been developed to analyze satellite performance. Analysis showed that high throughputs may be obtained for a wide range of traffic loads. A method for optimally, dividing the service region into several zones is then suggested. Finally, statistics on some key satellite parameters are collected using a SLAM simulation model.
Structural and reaction models for the design and optimization of catalytic sites, pellets, and reactors

The coupling between reaction and transport processes introduces design variables not available in kinetic-controlled catalyst pellets and provides unexpected control of catalytic selectivity. Our work combines new models of the structure and transport properties of porous solids based on lattice networks and aggregates of spheres with kinetic descriptions of elementary steps in free-radical and surface reaction mechanisms. These models are used in optimization frameworks that provide essential guidance in the design and synthesis of materials for specific catalytic uses. Here, we illustrate their value in the design of materials with improved product yields and selectivity in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, oxidative coupling of methane, and methanol conversion catalysis, three critical steps in integrated processes for the conversion of methane to fuels and petrochemicals.
Classification of quench-dynamical behaviors in spinor condensates

Thermalization of isolated quantum systems is a long-standing fundamental problem where different mechanisms are proposed over time. We contribute to this discussion by classifying the diverse quench-dynamical behaviors of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates, which includes well-defined quantum collapse and revivals, thermalization, and certain special cases. These special cases are either nonthermal equilibration with no revival but a collapse even though the system has finite degrees of freedom or no equilibration with no collapse and revival. Given that some integrable systems are already shown to demonstrate the weak form of eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), we determine the regions where ETH holds and fails in this integrable isolated quantum system. The reason behind both thermalizing and nonthermalizing behaviors in the same model under different initial conditions is linked to the discussion of ``rare'' nonthermal states existing in the spectrum. We also propose a method to predict the collapse and revival time scales and find how they scale with the number of particles in the condensate. We use a sudden quench to drive the system to nonequilibrium and hence the theoretical predictions given in this paper can be probed in experiments.
Schooling the Postmodern Body: Critical Pedagogy and the Politics of Enfleshment:

While educators in the United States are witnessing a reactionary and ultimately fatuous rearguard defense of the alleged transcendent virtues of Western civilization, a neo-corporatist assault on the New Deal welfare state, and what Jim Merod calls the "guiltless counterrevolutionary violence of state power" (1987, p. 191), they are also experiencing a new vitality in the realm of educational theory. The cultural/moral hegemony of mainstream approaches to curriculum, pedagogy, and epistemology is being fissured and in some cases torn asunder by new deconstructive postmodern strategies. Largely imported from literary theory and influenced by continental poststructuralism, postmodern strategies (e.g., Derridean grammatology and Foucauldian discourse analysis) have systematically problematized, if not dismantled, the epistemological certainty and transcendent claims to truth that characterize dominant strands of modernist discourse.1 Suffice it to say that there exists a "crisis of representation" and a steady and sometimes vehement erosion of confidence in prevailing conceptualizations of what constitutes knowledge and truth and their pedagogical means of attainment. Keeping in mind the conceptual inflation of the term "postmodernity" and its unwieldy semantic overloadwhich has come to designate a vast array of artistic, architectural, and theoretical practices I want to make clear that I am using it in a severely delimited sense. While postmodernism crisscrosses numerous regions of inquiry, I am using it to refer to the material and semiotic organization of society, primarily with respect to what Stanley Aronowitz calls visual culture and the homogenization of culture (1981, 1983). That is, I am referring to the current tendency toward desubstantialized meaning or "literalness of the visual" in which students seem unable to penetrate beyond the media-bloated surface of things, thereby dismissing concepts such as "society? "capitalism," and "history" which are not immediately present to the senses (Aronowitz, 1983). According to Aronowitz, "in the last half of the twen-
Synthesis and Characterization of Thermoresponsive Hydrogels Based on N-Isopropylacrylamide Crosslinked with 4,4'-Dihydroxybiphenyl Diacrylate

A novel crosslinker [4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl diacrylate (44BDA)] was developed, and a series of temperature-responsive hydrogels were synthesized through free radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) with 44BDA. The temperature-responsive behavior of the resulting gels was characterized by swelling studies, and the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the hydrogels was characterized through differential scanning calorimetry. Increased content of 44BDA led to a decreased swelling ratio and shifted the LCST to lower temperatures. These novel hydrogels also displayed resiliency through multiple swelling-deswelling cycles, and their temperature responsiveness was reversible. The successful synthesis of NIPAAm-based hydrogels crosslinked with 44BDA has led to a new class of temperature-responsive hydrogel systems with a variety of potential applications.
On the Same Page: Nurse, Patient, and Family Perceptions of Change-of-shift Bedside Report.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore nurse, patient, and family perceptions about change-of-shift bedside report in the pediatric setting and to describe specific safety concerns that were identified during change-of-shift handoff. Design and Methods An exploratory-descriptive qualitative study designed to elicit nurse, patient, and family experience with change-of-shift bedside report was utilized for this study. Interviews were conducted and reviewed to identify common themes. Results Data analysis revealed the emergence of the following themes: perceived barriers, patient safety, and impact on patient care. Study participants found that bedside report promotes patient safety and is the preferred form of change-of-shift handoff communication. Additionally, participants stated there is increased accountability and increased transparency as everyone involved in bedside report is “on the same page.” Conclusion The study results are consistent with current literature suggesting that bedside report contributes to effective communication and increases patient safety.
Multifunctional Activity-Based Protein Profiling of the Developing Lung.

Lung diseases and disorders are a leading cause of death among infants. Many of these diseases and disorders are caused by premature birth and underdeveloped lungs. In addition to developmentally related disorders, the lungs are exposed to a variety of environmental contaminants and xenobiotics upon birth that can cause breathing issues and are progenitors of cancer. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the developing lung, we applied an activity-based chemoproteomics approach for the functional characterization of the xenometabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes, active ATP and nucleotide binding enzymes, and serine hydrolases using a suite of activity-based probes (ABPs). We detected P450 activity primarily in the postnatal lung; using our ATP-ABP, we characterized a wide range of ATPases and other active nucleotide- and nucleic acid-binding enzymes involved in multiple facets of cellular metabolism throughout development. ATP-ABP targets include kinases, phosphatases, NAD- and FAD-dependent enzymes, ...
Grain Boundaries as Solitary Waves

In computer molecular dynamics “experiments” on high angle symmetric tilt grain boundaries we have discovered that these boundaries exhibit many features attributed to solitons. For example, the grain boundaries have a geometrically stable motion which is nonlinear in that it requires a finite temperature to activate and it persists over times long compared to other relaxation times. The analogy with dislocation motion naturally comes to mind since low angle grain boundaries may be regarded as rows of dislocations and there is extensive literature [1] on the soliton aspects of dislocations. If we had started out to look for soliton motion we might well have started out with low angle grain boundaries; however, we were originally interested in using dynamic simulation methods to obtain the thermodynamic properties of the metallurgically more important high angle grain boundaries [2]. We attempted to measure the excess boundary entropy by observing the change relative to the perfect crystal in the spectrum of the velocity autocorrelation function for atoms near the boundary. However, we found changes far from the boundary as well, and in tracking this down we discovered that the two crystals were undergoing a relative sliding motion which was coupled with migration of the boundary [3]. This is the motion we call soliton-like and we shall describe this motion in some detail in the following.
NARCISSISM AND ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION AS RELATED TO THREE FACETS OF THE SALES ROLE: ATTRACTION, SATISFACTION AND PERFORMANCE

Relationships were posited between two personality constructs—narcissism and achievement motivation—and three facets of the sales role: attraction, satisfaction and performance. As predicted, currently and previously employed salespeople were more narcissistic and had stronger needs for achievement than individuals who were never employed in sales. Narcissism was positively associated with overall sales satisfaction and with level of comfort with ethically questionable sales behaviors; narcissism was unrelated to sales performance. In contrast, need for achievement was unrelated to sales satisfaction, negatively related to comfort with ethically questionable sales behaviors, but positively related to sales performance. Practical implications of these findings for sales recruiters and trainers are discussed.
Adjustable x-ray mirrors based on plastic electroactive polymer actuators for the Lynx mission

The Lynx next-generation soft X-ray telescope is being proposed to significantly increase the effective area of Chandra while keeping sub-arcsecond imaging resolution. To produce the necessary optics, we propose to build and test a novel class of low-voltage thin-film actuators based on electroactive polymers to address the need for adjustable mirror control in future high-resolution X-ray missions such as Lynx. Electroactive polymers can produce high strains at low voltages, being able to correct the deformations that submillimeter-thick mirror shells will experience in future X-ray missions. Fabrication of polymer-based thin films is a low-cost, scalable technology that can be easily translated to production by industrial partners. With processing temperatures below 140°C, electroactive polymer films can be deposited on glass mirror substrates without risk of introducing additional slumping errors. With the high imaging resolution enabled by our proposed mirror correction technology, Lynx will be capable of detecting the first accreting black holes, study the evolution of galaxies and growth of cosmic structure, and verify the existence of a Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM) that could account for the large fraction of missing baryonic matter in the Universe.
Asian American Librarians and Library Services: Activism, Collaborations, and Strategies

The extremely wide scope of this edited volume may cause some difficulties for readers to identify valuable information and insightful discussions that are buried under the title Asian American Lib...
Practical Implications of New Antibiotic Agents for the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae.

Objective:To provide insight into the practical implications of the use of ceftazidime/avibactam and meropenem/vaborbactam for the management of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and to...
Effects of Paternal Incarceration on Father Involvement on Child Behavior Outcomes at Middle Childhood

This study tested the separate and combined effects of father involvement and paternal incarceration on child internalizing and externalizing behaviors at 9 years of age. Our sample contains completed interviews of 2652 fathers, 3515 mothers, and 3377 children. The mean age of fathers was 28 at child age 9. Multiple regression analysis of secondary data was conducted from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a national study that followed a cohort of low-income married and unmarried parents and their young children living in 20 US cities. Higher socioeconomic status and greater father involvement were associated with lower child internalizing and externalizing behaviors, while paternal incarceration for property crimes was associated with greater externalizing in boys and internalizing in girls. Incarceration for drug crimes was associated with lower father involvement. Multiple regression analyses confirmed the independent effects of father involvement on child internalizing and externalizing, but the incarceration for property crimes effects were attenuated and moderated by SES.
Confronting College Student Drinking: A Campus Case Study

California State University, Chico is a mid-sized, comprehensive public university with a bright history. This campus has a long and proud legacy of academic quality and notable accomplishments by faculty and students. This positive history, however, has been clouded by a darker story. At the center of this shadow side is student alcohol abuse and the school’s reputation as a “party school.” To be sure, this “party school” story has been embellished by mass media and hand-me-down tales of drinking bravado. Still, student drinking has long been a challenge for campus leaders at CSU, Chico, constantly threatening the quality of academic life, as well as student health and safety. This report describes the history of the student alcohol issue at CSU, Chico and of campus efforts to prevent alcohol abuse. After placing this campus’ experience in a national context, we trace the origins and course of the “party school” legacy at CSU, Chico from the 1920s onward. We then describe the beginnings of prevention efforts in focused prevention efforts after the infamous Pioneer Days riot of 1987. Recent data on student drinking are presented, based on questionnaires and breath-testing surveys. We then describe how the campus has sought to broaden and intensify its prevention efforts within a social ecology framework. These steps have focused on shaping conditions in the campus and community likely to influence students’ choices about drinking. Longitudinal data are then presented to address whether these efforts have made a difference. Lessons are drawn, and recommendations are offered other college campuses for preventing student alcohol abuse. These recommendations assume that student alcohol abuse is a multi-causal problem, the result of a host of influences, including societal context, family background, attitudes and values, community context, and curricular and co-curricular factors on the campus. Therefore, prevention programs must be comprehensive, focusing both on students’ own attitudes and on environmental influences within the institution’s control in the community and campus. The social ecology framework with its focus on the individual and on environmental management is very useful for guiding such efforts
Exact confidence limits for proportion difference in clinical trials with bilateral outcome

Bilateral data are frequently occur in medical research. Asymptotic approaches are traditionally used to construct confidence intervals for proportion difference. However, they are often have unsatisfactory performance with regards to coverage, with the actual coverage below the nominal level or being too conservative. For these reasons, we propose developing exact one-sided limits for proportion difference in a parallel study with bilateral data to guarantee the coverage probability when sample size is small to medium. A statistical quantity has to be used for sample space ordering in the exact limit calculation. Four asymptotic limits are utilized as statistical quantities: the Wald limits under the independence or dependence assumptions for variance estimates, the Wald limits with the difference estimate under the dependence assumption, and the bootstrap percentile limits. We compare the performance of these exact limits with regards to average length and the limits of all possible samples. A real example from a randomized clinical trial in otolaryngology is used to illustrate the application of the proposed exact limits.
Machine Learning Strategies for Enhancing Bathymetry Extraction from Imbalanced Lidar Point Clouds

Density-based approaches to extract bathymetry from airborne lidar point clouds generally rely on histogram/frequency-based disambiguation rules to separate noise from signal. The present work targets the improvement of such disambiguation rules by enhancing each pulse with a machine learning-based estimate of its p(Bathy) – i.e., its probability of truly being bathymetry. Extreme gradient boosting (XGB) is used to assess the strength of bathymetric signal in pulse return metadata. Because lidar point clouds can be highly imbalanced between Bathymetry and NotBathymetry, three strategies for mitigating the effects of imbalanced samples were examined. Impacts of an imbalanced lidar point cloud were successfully mitigated by: •Applying an “optimal” decision threshold (ODT) that equalizes accuracy for Bathymetry and NotBathymetry to p(Bathy) rather than using a conventional probability decision threshold (PDT) of 0.50, and •Using proportional class weighting to fit the XGB model. However, decomposing a confusion matrix by iteratively discarding misclassified points and re-fitting an XGB model was not successful in improving the strength or detectability of the bathymetric signal in the metadata. The same was true for iteratively discarding correctly classified points. The bathymetric signal in the metadata was found to be sufficiently strong to explore the operational incorporation of results into the disambiguation rules of density-based bathymertric extraction methods.
Performance Study of Wireless Powered Sensor Networks

In wireless powered sensor networks (WPSNs), wireless sensor nodes can harvest energy from ambient environment or receive energy from energy transmitters for operation. However, the energy charging/harvesting rate at wireless sensor nodes is usually unstable because of the time-varying characteristics of wireless channels. When wireless sensor nodes have data to be sent but no energy is available, the throughput and delay performance may be degraded. To find some key issues of WPSNs, this work investigates the performance of WPSNs under different parameter settings by simulations. The impact of wireless charging rate and battery capacity which is rarely considered in the literature on the delay of data packets and energy shortage probability at a wireless sensor node is studied. Simulation results show that a larger battery capacity or wireless charging rate achieves much better performance of WPSNs.
Differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes between men and women with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease with a male predominance. Prior data suggest that male sex is associated with disease progression and survival. The basis for this sex difference is unknown. Research Question Are there differences in clinical disease characteristics and outcomes between men and women with IPF? Study Design and Methods Two tertiary care center IPF cohorts were pooled to analyze sex differences in outcomes of time to lung transplantation or death. Predictors of outcome that were analyzed included age, FVC % predicted, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (Dlco) % predicted, BMI, smoking history, and respiratory variables of cough, phlegm, and need for supplemental oxygen. The associations of these factors with mortality were estimated by sex and then compared using tests for interaction. Results There were a total of 1,263 patients in the pooled cohort with follow-up data; approximately 71% of the patients were men. Male sex was independently associated with higher risk for death or lung transplantation after adjusting for age, FVC % predicted, and Dlco % predicted (hazard ratio for men, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.7; P Interpretation Male sex is associated with worse transplant-free survival in IPF. Cough may be a sex-specific predictor of survival in this population.
Adaptive Immunity and the Tumor Microenvironment

The adaptive immune response is a 500-million-year-old (the "Big Bang" of Immunology) collective set of rearranged and/or selected receptors capable of recognizing soluble and cell surface molecules or shape (B cells, antibody), endogenous and extracellular peptides presented by Major Histocompatibility (MHC) molecules including Class I and Class II (conventional αβ T cells), lipid in the context of MHC-like molecules of the CD1 family (NKT cells), metabolites and B7 family molecules/butyrophilins with stress factors (γδT cells), and stress ligands and absence of MHC molecules (natural killer, NK cells). What makes tumor immunogenic is the recruitment of initially innate immune cells to sites of stress or tissue damage with release of Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern (DAMP) molecules. Subsequent maintenance of a chronic inflammatory state, representing a balance between mature, normalized blood vessels, innate and adaptive immune cells and the tumor provides a complex tumor microenvironment serving as the backdrop for Darwinian selection, tumor elimination, tumor equilibrium, and ultimately tumor escape. Effective immunotherapies are still limited, given the complexities of this highly evolved and selected tumor microenvironment. Cytokine therapies and Immune Checkpoint Blockade (ICB) enable immune effector function and are largely dependent on the shape and size of the B and T cell repertoires (the "adaptome"), now accessible by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and dimer-avoidance multiplexed PCR. How immune effectors access the tumor (infiltrated, immune sequestered, and immune desserts), egress and are organized within the tumor are of contemporary interest and substantial investigation.
Towards a Completely 3D Printed Hot Wire Anemometer

Abstract Here, we demonstrate a completely 3D printed flow sensor that operates on the principle of Joule heating and hot wire anemometry. Finite element modeling with experimentally determined properties of the fused deposition modeling filaments was used to confirm the feasibility of such a sensor. Steady-state simulations were used to calculate the operating voltage that produces the maximum sensitivity while keeping the wire temperature 10 °C below the glass transition temperature. At this operation voltage, the transient simulations indicated a response time of 10 s (>95 % of the change in resistance) and a flow sensitivity of −2.33 Ω/sccm, or a relative change in resistivity of 0.036 per sccm. The flow sensor was realized through fused deposition modeling of a combination of electrically conductive and non-conductive filaments. A proof of concept was demonstrated by simultaneously recording infrared images and measuring the change in resistance of the sensor. Experimentally, higher operation voltage (12−15 V) was required compared to the simulations. At 12 V, the flow sensitivity ranged from 0.014 to 0.032 per sccm, whereas at 15 V, it ranged from 0.039 to 0.065 per sccm. The completely 3D printed flow sensors hold potential to be used as an alternate to existing range of flow sensors, more prominently, manufacturing on-demand and integrating with product packaging.
The Comparison between PI and PID Controllers in Engine Speed Control Model

The PID controller and PI controller has transformed the industry since their day of their discovery. The PID and PI controllers have proved their reliability and value in the industry. In some cases, it gets hard to choose which controller will be the most beneficial and efficient for a specific application. Therefore, some simulations and experiments get done to determine which controller fits best. This paper investigates both controllers, PID and PI controllers, performances and robustness. In this study, the PID controller and PI controller performance and robustness were compared to each other after the simulation was performed using Engine Speed Control Model in MATLAB Simulink [1]. Also, this study presents graphs of the input and output responses for both controllers as well as the proposed parameters values. Both PID and PI controllers were self-tuned, and both controllers show a satisfactory results in all aspects although there were some differences between the two controllers in the results.
Not All Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury Is the Same: There May Be an App for That.

Artificial intelligence can be broadly defined as the development and implementation of computer systems that are capable of performing tasks that normally require human intelligence. Artificial intelligence is omnipresent in our modern world, with smartphones providing facial recognition and
Correlation between Generator Trips and Locational Marginal Prices (LMPs)

Generally, disturbances in an interconnected network have an influence the stability and the economy of the power grid. Some phenomenon such as load shedding have proven to have a huge impact on real time electricity prices. Generation trip is considered one of the most common events in a power grid that may change the wholesale electricity market. In this paper, a locational marginal price (LMP) measure is used to notice how the electricity prices change with generator trip events at different locations of U.S. power grid. The study results help to find whether there is a clear correlation between generator trips and the changes in the electricity real-time market.
Structuring local environments to avoid racial diversity: Anxiety drives Whites' geographical and institutional self-segregation preferences

Abstract The current research explores how local racial diversity affects Whites' efforts to structure their local communities to avoid incidental intergroup contact. In two experimental studies (N = 509; Studies 1a-b), we consider Whites' choices to structure a fictional, diverse city and find that Whites choose greater racial segregation around more (vs. less) self-relevant landmarks (e.g., their workplace and children's school). Specifically, the more time they expect to spend at a landmark, the more they concentrate other Whites around that landmark, thereby reducing opportunities for incidental intergroup contact. Whites also structure environments to reduce incidental intergroup contact by instituting organizational policies that disproportionately exclude non-Whites: Two large-scale archival studies (Studies 2a-b) using data from every U.S. tennis (N = 15,023) and golf (N = 10,949) facility revealed that facilities in more racially diverse communities maintain more exclusionary barriers (e.g., guest policies, monetary fees, dress codes) that shield the patrons of these historically White institutions from incidental intergroup contact. In a final experiment (N = 307; Study 3), we find that Whites' anticipated intergroup anxiety is one driver of their choices to structure environments to reduce incidental intergroup contact in more (vs. less) racially diverse communities. Our results suggest that despite increasing racial diversity, White Americans structure local environments to fuel a self-perpetuating cycle of segregation.
Unanticipated transformations of infrapolitics

Drawing on a decade of multi-country ethnographic fieldwork with Vietnamese migrant offshore fishermen contracted to work on Taiwanese vessels, this article presents a new account of infrapolitics ...
Lifelong Neural Predictive Coding: Learning Cumulatively Online without Forgetting

In lifelong learning systems, especially those based on artificial neural networks, one of the biggest obstacles is the severe inability to retain old knowledge as new information is encountered. This phenomenon is known as catastrophic forgetting. In this article, we propose a new kind of connectionist architecture, the Sequential Neural Coding Network, that is robust to forgetting when learning from streams of data points and, unlike networks of today, does not learn via the immensely popular back-propagation of errors. Grounded in the neurocognitive theory of predictive processing, our model adapts its synapses in a biologically-plausible fashion, while another, complementary neural system rapidly learns to direct and control this cortex-like structure by mimicking the task-executive control functionality of the basal ganglia. In our experiments, we demonstrate that our self-organizing system experiences significantly less forgetting as compared to standard neural models and outperforms a wide swath of previously proposed methods even though it is trained across task datasets in a stream-like fashion. The promising performance of our complementary system on benchmarks, e.g., SplitMNIST, Split Fashion MNIST, and Split NotMNIST, offers evidence that by incorporating mechanisms prominent in real neuronal systems, such as competition, sparse activation patterns, and iterative input processing, a new possibility for tackling the grand challenge of lifelong machine learning opens up.
Anterior patterning genes induced by Zic1 are sensitive to retinoic acid and its metabolite, 4-oxo-RA.

BACKGROUND Development of paired sensory organs is a highly complex and coordinated process. These organs arise from ectodermal thickenings in the cephalic region known as cranial placodes. We have previously shown that Zic1 is a critical regulator for the formation of the pre-placodal region (PPR), the common territory for the development of all cranial placodes in Xenopus laevis. RESULTS In this study, we have analyzed a number of Zic1 targets for their expression during PPR patterning, as well as their regulation by retinoic acid (RA) and one of its major metabolites, 4-oxo-RA. Our findings show that anteriorly Zic1 regulates several transcription factors, Crx, Fezf2, Nkx3-1, and Xanf1 as well as a serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase, Pkdcc.2. These factors are all expressed in the vicinity of the PPR and as such are candidate regulators of placode formation downstream of Zic1. In addition to their differential regulation by RA, we find that 4-oxo-RA is also capable of modulating the expression of these genes, as well as a broad array of RA-regulated genes. CONCLUSION Our data highlight the complexity of retinoid-mediated regulation required for Zic1-activated anterior structure specification in Xenopus, and the potential physiological role of 4-oxo-RA in cranial placode development.
Ripplet Transform for Feature Extraction

Efficient representation of images usually leads to improvements in storage efficiency, computational complexity and performance of image processing algorithms. Efficient representation of images can be achieved by transforms. However, conventional transforms such as Fourier transform and wavelet transform suffer from discontinuities such as edges in images. To address this problem, we propose a new transform called ripplet transform. The ripplet transform is a higher dimensional generalization of the wavelet transform designed to represent images or two-dimensional signals at different scales and different directions. The ripplet transform is also a generalization of the curvelet transform. Specifically, the ripplet transform allows arbitrary support c and degree d while the curvelet transform is just a special case of the ripplet transform (Type I) with c = 1 and d = 2. Our experimental results show that the ripplet transform can provide efficient representation of images that contain edges. The ripplet transform holds great potential for image denoising and image compression.
A Survey of Online Auction Mechanism Design Using Deep Learning Approaches.

Online auction has been very widespread in the recent years. Platform administrators are working hard to refine their auction mechanisms that will generate high profits while maintaining a fair resource allocation. With the advancement of computing technology and the bottleneck in theoretical frameworks, researchers are shifting gears towards online auction designs using deep learning approaches. In this article, we summarized some common deep learning infrastructures adopted in auction mechanism designs and showed how these architectures are evolving. We also discussed how researchers are tackling with the constraints and concerns in the large and dynamic industrial settings. Finally, we pointed out several currently unresolved issues for future directions.
CAKE: matrix multiplication using constant-bandwidth blocks

We offer a novel approach to matrix-matrix multiplication computation on computing platforms with memory hierarchies. Constant-bandwidth (CB) blocks improve computation throughput for architectures limited by external memory bandwidth. Configuring the shape and size of CB blocks operating from within any memory hierarchy level (e.g., internal SRAM), we achieve high throughput while holding external bandwidth (e.g., with DRAM) constant. We explain how, surprisingly, CB blocks can maintain constant external bandwidth as computation throughput increases. Analogous to partitioning a cake into pieces, we dub our CB-partitioned system CAKE. We show CAKE outperforms state-of-the-art libraries in computation time on real-world systems where external bandwidth represents a bottleneck, demonstrating CAKE's ability to address the memory wall. CAKE achieves superior performance by directly using theoretically optimal CB-partitioned blocks in tiling and scheduling, obviating the need for extensive design search.
The Utility of the Electrocardiogram in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Classification accuracy of commonly used ECG-LVH criteria developed with echocardiographic left ventricular mass (Echo-LVM) as the ECG-independent standard is known to be limited. Two common reasons for the low accuracy of ECG-LVH are the large variability in ECG electrode placement and the large intra- and interreader variability of Echo-LVM used as a standard in developing ECG-LVH criteria. While the importance of the ECG in clinical diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has diminished, ECG-LVH has retained its importance as a predictor of adverse cardiac events in hypertensive women and men.
Careers in Biomedical Informatics and Clinical Computing

Abstract There are three forces behind the sea change in adoption of health information technology (HIT). The inciting event was the 2007 global economic recession. This led to passage of ARRA, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act in 2009. The second driving force from a legislative perspective is PPACA, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (aka “Obamacare”). The third driver of the rapid adoption of HIT involves both the nature of information and communication technology itself as well as how people are choosing to use these tools. One core theme is the movement towards “mobile health.” Smartphones and connected tablets are increasingly supplanting desktop and laptop computers as the device of choice for both consumers and providers of healthcare. The remainder of this chapter proposes several sets of lenses through which you might look at how to best develop those opportunities. We’ll begin with an update to what we know about the current and future state of the workforce and then review a range of resources you might explore, including educational programs, competencies, certifications, and professional organizations.
Second Language Writing: Research Insights for the Classroom

purpose and strategy, which certainly implies that a number of different strategies should be used in vocabulary acquisition. In this view, the question of when a learner should skip, guess, look up, etc., is largely determined by the purpose of reading. Another aspect which needs to be stressed is not only the need to read extensively but how this activity leads to acquisition, that is, the question raised by Krashen (1989). In short, from this viewpoint the reader/learner needs to be taught various metacognitive strategies which will guide the more specific strategies for vocabulary acquisition (Oxford, 1990). However, in the final analysis this is a book which should be on the reference shelf of every ESL/EFL teacher who believes that attention must be paid to vocabulary as a significant variable in language learning.
Terrorism and Trade: A Reply to Professor Bhala

Raj Bhala argues that the Doha Round is “a failed counter-insurgency operation.” This paper examines and criticizes that claim. The first part examines the traditional “peace through trade” thesis that traces back to the Enlightenment, and discusses contemporary formulations and evaluations of that broad thesis. The second part focuses on Bhala’s related “counter-terrorism through trade” thesis. Three questions are raised: first, what exactly is Bhala claiming?, second, is Bhala’s thesis a solution in search of a problem?, and most importantly, third, does poverty cause (Islamist) terrorism? In connection with the third question, the paper surveys the current social science literature on the subject. It concludes that there is a broad consensus across disciplines that the link between poverty and terrorism is unproven and perhaps non-existent. Thus, Bhala’s defense of Doha fails. While there may be strong arguments in equity or efficiency for adopting Doha, it is a mistake to advocate it as effective counter-terrorist policy.