cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling and Plasma Membrane Proteins Are Implicated in Responsiveness to Adjuvant Dendritic Cell Vaccination for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Purpose: We have previously demonstrated that metastatic colorectal cancer patients who exhibit immune responses to a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine have superior recurrence-free survival following surgery, compared to patients in whom responses do not occur. We sought to characterize the patterns of T lymphocyte infiltration and somatic mutations in metastases that are associated with and predictive of response to the DC vaccine. Experimental Design: Cytotoxic, memory, and regulatory T cells in resected metastases and surrounding normal liver tissue from 22 patients (11 responders and 11 non-responders) were enumerated by immunohistochemistry prior to vaccine administration. In conjunction with tumor sequencing, the Combined Multivariate and Collapsing method was used to identify gene mutations that are associated with vaccine response. We also derived a response prediction score for each patient using his/her tumor genotype data and variant association effect sizes computed from the other 21 patients; greater weighting was placed on gene products with cell membrane-related functions. Results: There was no correlation between vaccine response and intra-tumor, peri-tumor, or hepatic densities of T cell subpopulations. Associated genes were found to be enriched in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling axis (P < 0.001). Applying a consistent prediction score cutoff over 22 rounds of leave-one-out cross-validation correctly inferred vaccine response in 21 of 22 patients (95%). Conclusions: Adjuvant dendritic cell vaccination has shown promise as a form of immunotherapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Its efficacy may be influenced by somatic mutations that affect pathways involving PI3K, Akt, and mTOR, as well as tumor surface proteins.
Maternal obesity and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in offspring

There is a growing body of evidence from both human epidemiologic and animal studies that prenatal and lactational exposure to maternal obesity and high-fat diet are associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in offspring. These disorders include cognitive impairment, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cerebral palsy, anxiety and depression, schizophrenia, and eating disorders. This review synthesizes human and animal data linking maternal obesity and high-fat diet consumption to abnormal fetal brain development and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric morbidity in offspring. In addition, it highlights key mechanisms by which maternal obesity and maternal diet might impact fetal and offspring neurodevelopment, including neuroinflammation; increased oxidative stress, dysregulated insulin, glucose, and leptin signaling; dysregulated serotonergic and dopaminergic signaling; and perturbations in synaptic plasticity. Finally, the review summarizes available evidence regarding investigational therapeutic approaches to mitigate the harmful effects of maternal obesity on fetal and offspring neurodevelopment. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION IN PROCESSING RABBIT FRYERS1

Bacterial examinations were made of skin surfaces of rabbit carcasses following several methods of processing. There was a correlation between high bacterial counts and shelf life. Prolonged pre-chilling shortened shelf life. The value of adding ice to chill water was not indicated but 15 ppm chlorine lowered bacterial counts and extended shelf life one day. The types of organisms encountered were micrococci, coliforms, gram-positive bacilli, and pasteurellae.
Capnography for Adults

Capnography is the measurement of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in a gas mixture. This article discusses the clinical applications and limitations of capnography and end-tidal CO2 monitoring. In addition, an evaluation of the technical aspects insofar as to whether they limit or enhance clinical application and the physical principles on which the monitors' functions are based.
Apparent stresses, stress drops, and amplitude ratios of earthquakes preceding and following the 1975 Hawaii MS = 7.2 main shock

Abstract S -wave spectra for approximately 300 earthquake signals (2.8 ≦ M L ≦ 3.9) were obtained from hand-digitized Wood-Anderson records from Hilo, Hawaii. All sources were located within part of the rupture volume of the 1975 Hawaii M S = 7.2 earthquake. The epicentral distance to Hilo was about 45 ± 3 km, the backazimuth was 180° ± 10° (south), and the sources were located at depths of 9 ± 1.4 km. The apparent stress and Brune stress drop, based on 3-sec windows of the S waves, were examined for possible temporal and spatial dependence. Most of the data showed a remarkable constancy of the average apparent stress and stress drop per event as a function of time. No measurable change in average signal content took place at the time of the main shock. A statistically significant difference in the average stress parameters per event was found between neighboring subvolumes (radius ≈ 5 km) of the 1975 aftershock zone: a volume previously proposed as asperity based on seismicity pattern interpretation contained earthquakes with higher apparent stresses of ησ=9.0±8.8 bars compared to the neighboring volume with ησ = 4.2 ± 6.1 bars. Seventy-eight spectra obtained from a second station showed the same difference between the two volumes as that found at station Hilo, suggesting that the signal differences should be interpreted in terms of source differences. In addition, amplitude ratios of SV/P waves measured at Hilo showed that a systematic difference of 10° in fault plane orientation existed during years before the 1975 main shock. This agrees with the rotation of the fault plane during the main rupture reported elsewhere. We hypothesize that heterogeneities along the fault plane with dimensions of about 5 km cause changes in fault plane dip, differences in average stress release per earthquake, strong contrasts in seismicity patterns, and differences in aseismic strain release by fault creep. These same heterogeneities in the fault plane apparently also control the location of major earthquakes and the complexity of their ruptures.
Covalently Circularized Nanodiscs : EM and NMR Applications

A traditional nanodisc is composed of a nanometer-sized phospholipid bilayer patch encircled by two copies of membrane scaffold protein (MSP). To date, the utility of this system for structural studies has been limited by the heterogeneity in size and only small nanodiscs could be assembled with the currently available MSP. Here, we present novel nanodiscs encircled by DNA scaffold and covalently circularized MSP variants (cMSPs). The use of cMSPs enhanced the homogeneity, thermal stability and proteolytic resistance of the nanodiscs. Moreover, the use of cMSPs and DNA scaffold enabled us to extend the size of nanodiscs up to 100 nm in diameter. Interestingly, we were able to manipulate the shape of the new nanodiscs and produce polygonal as well as elliptical shaped nanodiscs.In this study, we show that reconstitution into cNDs enhanced the quality of NMR spectra for both VDAC-1, a beta-barrel membrane protein, and the G protein-coupled receptor NTR1, an alpha-helical membrane protein.Using our method, we have created 50 nm nanodiscs and used them to study poliovirus entry and RNA translocation. A 50 nm nanodisc is sufficiently large to accommodate multiple copies of the poliovirus receptor, and has enough surface area to act as a surrogate membrane for the RNA translocation complex during viral uncoating. Virus binding to nanodisc-CD155 complex and subsequent insertion of viral components into and across the membrane were confirmed by EM. To obtain a high-resolution structure for the RNA translocation complex we conducted single-particle cryo-EM studies.The method for making these novel nanodiscs as well as the NMR and Cryo-EM data will be will be presented and discussed.
Antileishmanial Natural Products from Plants

Abstract There has never been a shortage of antileishmanial agents from plants, but leishmaniasis, like most other diseases endemic to the tropics or developing countries, lacks an effective, safe, and affordable chemotherapy. While there has been progress in recent years to develop new antileishmanials, especially in the case of liposomal amphotericin B, the development of well-characterized antileishmanial agents into clinically acceptable drugs is far from reality. However, a gradual increase in the application of modern molecular biology tools to natural product drug discovery programs as well as increasing investments in research and development capabilities of endemic countries may provide the much needed clinical breakthroughs. We report in this chapter several characterized compounds and extracts from plants that were recently reported to have antileishmanial activity.
The Treatment of Incarcerated and Strangulated Inguinal Hernias

Inguinal hernias are repaired to relieve symptoms such as pain, and to reduce the risk of acute incarceration/strangulation and subsequent bowel ischemia. Recent studies have demonstrated the relatively low risk of developing complications from asymptomatic inguinal hernias. This risk varies with the age and gender of the patient, and the hernia type. An acutely incarcerated inguinal hernia can be recognized by a history of groin bulge, clinical symptoms of pain and/or bowel obstruction, and imaging studies such as CT scan. Open tissue repair is commonly utilized for acutely incarcerated inguinal hernias; however, other surgical treatment modalities are becoming more widely accepted including the use of prosthetic mesh and laparoscopy for assessment of hernia content viability and for repair. The difference in complications and recurrence following repair of acutely incarcerated inguinal hernias using these techniques is an area of ongoing research and debate in the general surgery community, with a wide variation in practice patterns.
Inductive Inference by Neural Networks

Neural networks which emulate many characteristics of human perception have recently been developed. Here we discuss underlying network design principles and mechanisms and explore their relation to theories of signal processing and statistical inference.
Formation of Both Heme and Apoprotein Adducts Contributes to the Mechanism-Based Inactivation of Human CYP2J2 by 17α-Ethynylestradiol

17α-Ethynylestradiol (EE), a major component of many oral contraceptives, affects the activities of a number of the human cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes. Here, we characterized the effect of EE on CYP2J2, a major human P450 isoform that participates in metabolism of arachidonic acid. EE inactivated the hydroxyebastine carboxylation activity of CYP2J2 in a reconstituted system. The loss of activity is time and concentration dependent and requires NADPH. The KI and kinact values for the inactivation were 3.6 μM and 0.08 minute-1, respectively. Inactivation of CYP2J2 by EE was due to formation of a heme adduct as well as an apoprotein adduct. Mass spectral analysis of CYP2J2 partially inactivated by EE showed two distinct protein masses in the deconvoluted spectrum that exhibited a mass difference of approximately 312 Da, which is equivalent to the sum of the mass of EE and one oxygen atom. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed a heme adduct with MH+ ion at m/z 875.5, corresponding to alkylation of an iron-depleted prosthetic heme by EE plus one oxygen atom. The reactive intermediate responsible for covalently modifying both the prosthetic heme and apoprotein was characterized by trapping with glutathione (GSH). LC-MS/MS analysis revealed two GSH conjugate isomers with MH+ ions at m/z 620, which were formed by reaction between GSH and EE with the oxygen being added to either the internal or terminal carbon of the ethynyl moiety. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis revealed that three other major metabolites were formed during EE metabolism by CYP2J2.
The Introduction of Statistical Methods to Industry

Dr. Dudding is a pioneer in this country in the application of statistics to the investigation and control of factory processes. Here he describes how he and his colleagues at the GEC developed this application to its culmination in the use of the control chart technique. The article also deals with practical points that arise in introducing this technique into a factory and describes the advantages that accrue from its application.
Professor Hudec's Contribution to World Order

For over three decades, Professor Robert E. Hudec shaped the field of international trade law, and inspired students, colleagues, and policy-makers around the world. Professor Hudec was a spirited, witty, unassuming, kind, and honest man. He enjoyed having his ideas contested by others, and was willing to spend time to help colleagues and students think through their ideas. This tribute to Professor Hudec collects a series of stories and acknowledgments from his peers and colleagues.
Phosphoproteins as specifiers for mediators and modulators in neuronal function.

A large body of evidence has accumulated indicating that protein phosphorylation plays an important role in the regulation of metabolic processes in eukaryotic cells. Thus, glycogenolysis, glycogen synthesis and lipolysis are controlled, respectively, by the phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase-kinase, glycogen-synthetase and triglyceride-lipase (for review see RUBIN and ROSEN, 1975). Subsequent to these initial discoveries, it was found that the phosphorylation of proteins is involved in the regulation of a diversity of physiological and metabolic processes occuring in many different organs. In addition, it has been demonstrated that in each of these organs the process of protein phosphorylation is influenced by physiological affectors that regulate cellular functions in the respective target tissue (e.g. polypeptide hormones, steroid hormones, cyclic nucleotides, calcium ions, etc.). The integration of all these findings has led to the suggestion (GREENGARD, 197 8a) that the phosphorylation of proteins may be a final common pathway for a diversity of biological regulatory agents.
Interleukin 1 Mediated in Vitro Antitumor Activities

In vitro studies suggest that Interleukin 1 (IL1) may exert antitumor effects by inducing the production of lymphokines such as IL2 and immune interferon (IFNγ) with documented antitumor activities. IL1 may synergistically increase the immunoenhancing effects of IL2 and IFNγ on cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), on large granular lymphocytes (LGL) with natural killer (NK) activity and on monocytes. In addition, IL1 by itself promotes NK activity of human LGL and the tumoricidal activities of human monocytes. Finally, IL1 has limited direct cytostatic and cytocidal effects on some tumor cell lines.
An Improved Interleaved DC-DC SEPIC Converter Based on SiC-Cascade Power Devices for Renewable Energy Applications

The worldwide development of renewable energy applications, especially those using solar photovoltaic (PV) panels and fuel cells, poses increasing requirements for improving power density, energy efficiency, and reliability of DC-DC power converters as they play a vital role in power conversion systems. Wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors, such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), contain superior material properties to replace conventional silicon (Si) materials, pushing the boundaries of power devices to handle higher power levels, blocking voltages, switching frequencies, and operating temperatures. This paper presents an improved interleaved DC–DC single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) based on a new hybrid SiC-JFET-cascode switch/SiC-Schottky diode for renewable energy applications. To evaluate the effects of SiC power devices on the switching behavior, total power loss, and efficiency of the converter, both Si-based and SiC-based converters are designed and compared under harsh operating conditions. The switching behavior of the Si and SiC power devices is analyzed through the double-pulse test (DPT), taking different switch currents and gate resistance values into consideration. The total power loss and energy efficiency of the two converters are calculated and compared over a wide range of switching frequencies and input voltages. The results reveal that the hybrid SiC-JFET-cascode switch/SiC-Schottky diode substantially improved the converter performance at a variety of operating conditions.
Systems Thinking in a Second Grade Curriculum: Students Engaged to Address a Statewide Drought

Faced with issues such as climate change, educators around the world acknowledge the need for developing students' ability to solve problems within and across contexts. A systems thinking pedagogy, which recognizes the interdependence and interconnected relationships among concrete elements and abstract concepts (Meadows, 2008; Senge et al., 2012), has potential to transform the classroom into a space of observing, theorizing, discovering, and analyzing, thus linking academic learning to the real world. In a qualitative case study in one school located in a major metropolitan area in California, USA teachers and their seven- and eight-year-old students used systems thinking in an interdisciplinary project-based curriculum. Through reflection and investigations, students devised solutions and used innovative approaches to publicly engage peers and family members in taking action to address an environmental crisis.
Unintended Outcomes? Human Resource Practices, Information, and Employee Entrepreneurial Activity

The vast majority of entrepreneurs originate from large established firms; however our knowledge of how specific firm characteristics impact employee entrepreneurial outcomes remains remarkably sparse. This paper addresses this gap by developing a theoretical framework explaining how certain high performance human resource practices that are designed to promote competitive advantage may in fact lead to increased levels of employee entrepreneurial activity. Accordingly, the incumbent firm may not capture the value created by such human resource practices; rather the value may be transferred to a competing new venture started by an ex-employee. Using theoretical rationale from the jack-of-all-trades theory of entrepreneurship (Lazear, 2004; 2005), social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1986), and equity theory (Adams, 1963; 1965), I argue that high performance human resource practices which (1) reduce perceived organizational complexity and (2) signal the value that an employee creates for the firm and the value...
Multicenter Prevalence of Anaphylaxis in Clinic-Based Oral Food Challenges

K Akuete, D Guffey, RB Israelsen. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017;119(4):339–348.e1 Oral food challenges (OFCs) are the gold standard for the diagnosis of food allergy. Previous studies reveal that the rate of anaphylaxis for OFCs ranges from 6% to 33%. The purpose of this study was to review the epidemiology and rates of reaction from multiple food allergy centers in the United States to better understand the risks associated with OFCs. Data were obtained from 2008 to 2013 from 5 US food allergy …
Collaborative Value in Public and Nonprofit Strategic Alliances: Evidence From Transition Coaching:

The value created by public–nonprofit (PNP) alliances often emphasizes public sector service delegation to nonprofits, but public and nonprofit organizations often seek to create shared social valu...
Two Years at Jupiter: A Review of the Juno JADE Operations and Systems Engineering Toolset

NASA's Juno mission to Jupiter launched in August 2011 with a five year cruise phase. Upon arrival in July 2016, Juno entered into a 53-day orbit around the planet. Of the ten instruments on board the spacecraft, the Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment (JADE) instrument is responsible for the measurements of electrons and ions that help us understand the Jovian magnetosphere. To support this instrument, a team at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) and other organizations composed of scientists, operations staff, and engineers has developed a set of tools to provide commanding, as well as assess its science data and engineering state of health. This paper focuses on a description of the tools used for JADE instrument commanding and assessing the instrument's state of health, how they are implemented, and the lessons learned along the way. The paper will close with a forward look at the exciting orbits to come and how these tools will be evolved to meet the needs of the team.
Association Between a Rule Change to Reduce Home Plate Collisions and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Other Injuries in Professional Baseball Players.

Background:Improved player safety is an important goal of professional baseball. Prevention of mild traumatic brain injury (concussion) is an area of emphasis because of the potential for long-term...
Use of a bacterial fluorescence imaging system to target wound debridement and accelerate healing: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE Optimal wound-bed preparation consists of regular debridement to remove devitalised tissues, reduce bacterial load, and to establish an environment that promotes healing. However, lack of diagnostic information at point-of-care limits effectiveness of debridement. METHOD This observational case series investigated use of point-of-care fluorescence imaging to detect bacteria (loads >104CFU/g) and guide wound bed preparation. Lower extremity hard-to-heal wounds were imaged over a 12-week period for bacterial fluorescence and wound area. RESULTS A total of 11 wounds were included in the study. Bacterial fluorescence was present in 10 wounds and persisted, on average, for 3.7 weeks over the course of the study. The presence of red or cyan fluorescent signatures from bacteria correlated with an average increase in wound area of 6.5% per week, indicating stalled or delayed wound healing. Fluorescence imaging information assisted in determining the location and extent of wound debridement, and the selection of dressings and/or antimicrobials. Elimination of bacterial fluorescence signature with targeted debridement and other treatments correlated with an average reduction in wound area of 27.7% per week (p<0.05), indicative of a healing trajectory. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that use of fluorescence imaging as part of routine wound care enhances assessment and treatment selection, thus facilitating improved wound healing.
Influence Maximization: Seeding Based on Community Structure

Influence maximization problem attempts to find a small subset of nodes in a social network that makes the expected influence maximized, which has been researched intensively before. Most of the existing literature focus only on maximizing total influence, but it ignores whether the influential distribution is balanced through the network. Even though the total influence is maximized, but gathered in a certain area of social network. Sometimes, this is not advisable. In this article, we propose a novel seeding strategy based on community structure, and formulate the Influence Maximization with Community Budget (IMCB) problem. In this problem, the number of seed nodes in each community is under the cardinality constraint, which can be classified as the problem of monotone submodular maximization under the matroid constraint. To give a satisfactory solution for IMCB problem under the triggering model, we propose the IMCB-Framework, which is inspired by the idea of continuous greedy process and pipage rounding, and derive the best approximation ratio for this problem. In IMCB-Framework, we adopt sampling techniques to overcome the high complexity of continuous greedy. Then, we propose a simplified pipage rounding algorithm, which reduces the complexity of IMCB-Framework further. Finally, we conduct experiments on three real-world datasets to evaluate the correctness and effectiveness of our proposed algorithms, as well as the advantage of IMCB-Framework against classical greedy method.
Virtuous Social Responsiveness: Flourishing with Dignity

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) focuses organizational inquiry on the role of business in society and corporate social performance (CSP) provides a framework comprised of principles, processes and outcomes describing CSR performance. Virtuous social responsiveness (VSR) describes CSP from a humanistic management perspective, providing an alternative principle of social responsibility as the basis from which processes and outcomes flow. Incorporating humanistic management assumptions into the role of business in society leads to social performance predicated on well-being creation and dignity promotion. VSR requires a principle of social responsibility grounded in eudaemonia, positioning well-being creation as the common good, as opposed to wealth creation. Dignity promotion within stakeholder relationships is a second requirement for VSR, indicated by altruist stakeholder culture and a collectivistic organizational identity orientation. Theoretical propositions are developed to describe a humanistic management perspective on CSP. A current example of an organization engaging in VSR is provided, illustrating potential CSP outcomes. A discussion of the importance of VSR is presented, along with implications and future research
CHRIE Goes International 1990-1992:

Three key initiatives during 1990 to 1992: (1) Develop skills standards for over 100 entry-level and operations-level positions in food service and lodging, (2) boost the recruitment of students in...
Investigating the Impact of Land Surface Characteristics on Monsoon Dynamics with Idealized Model Simulations and Theories

Monsoons emerge over a range of land surface conditions and exhibit varying physical characteristics over the seasonal cycle, from onset to withdrawal. Systematically varying the moisture and albed...
Endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis: 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 5-year results.

BACKGROUND Currently, limited data exist as to long-term disease-specific outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In this report, we present outcomes data collected over 5 years in a large prospective cohort of patients who underwent surgical treatment for CRS. METHODS Patients who completed the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) before ESS were asked to complete the same survey at yearly intervals for 5 years thereafter. The impact of patients' demographics and clinical characteristics on clinical outcome was measured using mixed effects modeling for univariate and multivariable analysis. Multivariable logistic regression threshold analyses were also performed. RESULTS Among the 925 patients enrolled in the study, the SNOT-22 was completed after ESS by 641 patients (69.3%) at 1 year and 338 patients (36.5%) at 5 years. The mean preoperative SNOT-22 score of 48.5 (standard error [SE], 0.69) improved at all subsequent yearly time-points, including 5 years (mean, 25.8; SE, 1.08; p < 0.0001). SNOT-22 scores over time were impacted by nasal polyps (p < 0.001), environmental allergies (p = 0.010), diabetes (p = 0.032), and preoperative Lund-Mackay score (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Endoscopic sinus surgery appears to be effective at improving the quality of life of patients with CRS for both the short and long term. The successful outcome of such surgery, however, is influenced by a variety of clinical factors, which should be taken into account by clinicians who are considering surgical treatment of CRS for select patients.
Cultured Sympathetic Neurons in the Study of Nerve Growth Factor Action

The ability to maintain long-term cultures of rat sympathetic neurons in the absence of nonneuronal cells has facilitated a large number of studies dealing with factors important in neuronal growth and development (Patterson, 1978). The work of Mains and Patterson (1973a) demonstrated that the neurons in such cultures exhibited many of the properties of sympathetic neurons in vivo. Furthermore, the time-course of development of neurotransmitter functions in culture paralleled that seen in vivo (Mains and Patterson, 1973b). In the complete absence of nonneuronal influences, the isolated neurons differentiate along the expected adrenergic pathway, showing a developmental increase in the ability to synthesize, store, release, and transport norepinephrine.(Patterson et al., 1975; Burton and Bunge, 1975). The numerous axonal processes elaborated in these neuronal cultures are electrically active, and the cell bodies are sensitive to iontophoretically applied acetylcholine (O’Lague et al., 1975, 1978a).
Application of contactless ultrasound toward automated inspection of concrete structures

Abstract In this paper we demonstrate the potential of contactless ultrasonic sensing for rapid and automated characterization of concrete structures. Practical generation and detection of ultrasonic surface waves are made possible using air-coupled sensors, offering the potential to overcome limitations associated with infrastructure assessment measurements. The objective is to demonstrate enhanced performance when miniature, micro-machined sensors (MEMS) and high voltage solid-state capacitance transmitters are used in a scanning configuration, suitable for automation. The employed sensors, system and testing configuration, with respect to sensor height and incident angle, are described. An optimal test configuration is defined and incorporated into a controlled scanning system. Tests with the optimized configuration were carried out on reinforced concrete elements: a pre-stressed concrete rail tie that contains rail seat damage and concrete blocks with varying levels of simulated micro-cracking damage. In both cases, obtained surface wave velocity and attenuation signal characteristics show sensitivity to concrete material damage.
Expression of the mitochondrial genome in HeLa cells. XXI. Mitochondrial protein synthesis during the cell cycle.

Abstract Chloramphenicol sensitive [3H]leucine incorporation into protein (due to mitochondrial protein synthesis) in synchronized HeLa cells has been found to continue throughout interphase, its rate per cell approximately doubling from the G1 to the G2 phase. This increase in the rate of [3H]leucine incorporation during the cycle does not seem to parallel closely the increase in cell mass. In fact, the observations made on cultures incubated at 34.5 °C, where the G1 and S phases are better resolved than at 37 °C, indicate that the rate remains constant during the G1 phase, and starts to accelerate with the onset of nuclear DNA synthesis. Correspondingly, on a per unit mass basis, there appears to be a slight decline in the rate of [3H]leucine incorporation into protein during the G1 phase, which is compensated by an increase in the early S phase. No significant variations were observed in the mitochondrial leucine pool labeling during the cell cycle; therefore, the observed pattern of [3H]leucine incorporation into protein should reflect fairly accurately the behavior of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Evidence has been obtained indicating a depression in the rate of incorporation of [3H]leucine into protein in mitochondria of mitotic cells. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the products of mitochondrial protein synthesis has not revealed any differences in the size distribution of the proteins synthesized in the various portions of the cell cycle.
Underground Corrosion of Activated Metals, 6-Year Exposure Analysis

The subsurface radioactive disposal site located at the Idaho National Laboratory contains neutronactivated metals from non-fuel nuclear-reactor-core components. A long-term underground corrosion test is being conducted to obtain site-specific corrosion rates to support efforts to more accurately estimate the transfer of activated elements in the surrounding arid vadose zone environment. The test uses nonradioactive metal coupons representing the prominent neutron-activated materials buried at the disposal location, namely, Type 304L stainless steel (UNS S30403), Type 316L stainless steel (S31603), nickel-chromium alloy (UNS NO7718), beryllium, aluminum 6061-T6 (A96061), and a zirconium alloy (UNS R60804). In addition, carbon steel (the material presently used in the cask disposal liners and other disposal containers) and a duplex stainless steel (UNS S32550) are also included in the test. This paper briefly describes the ongoing test and presents the results of corrosion analysis from coupons exposed underground for 1, 3, and 6 years.
The LC* assignment policy for cluster-based servers

A cluster-based server consists of a front-end dispatcher and multiple back-end servers. The dispatcher receives incoming jobs, and then decides how to assign them to back-end servers, which in turn serve the jobs according to some discipline. Cluster-based servers have been broadly deployed as they combine good performance with low cost. Several assignment policies have been proposed for cluster-based servers, most of which aim to balance the load among back-end servers. There are two main strategies for load balancing: The first strategy aims at balancing the amount of work at back-end servers, while the second strategy aims at balancing the number of jobs assigned to back-end servers. Example of policies using these strategies are JSQ (join shortest queue) and LC (least connected), respectively. We propose a policy, called LC*, which combines the two aforementioned strategies. The paper shows experimentally that when preemption is admitted (i.e. jobs are executed concurrently by back-end servers), LC substantially outperforms both JSQ and LC. This improved performance is achieved by using only information readily available to the dispatcher, and therefore LC* is a practical policy in regards to implementation.
Optimal strategies in repeated games with incomplete information

The paper is concerned with zero-sum two-person repeated games with lack of information on one side. The main result in the construction of an optimal strategy for the uninformed player in the infinitely repeated game.
Superconductivity in amorphous T/sub 5/T/sub 9/ transition metal alloys (T/sub 5/=Nb, Ta; T/sub 9/=Rh, Ir)

The superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ has been measured for amorphous ${T}_{5}{T}_{9}$ alloys (where ${T}_{5}=\mathrm{Nb}\mathrm{or}\mathrm{Ta}$, ${T}_{9}=\mathrm{Rb}\mathrm{or}\mathrm{Ir}$) as a function of composition. Nb and Ta dominated the ${T}_{c}$ behavior with ${T}_{c}$ for Nb alloys \ensuremath{\approx} 4.8-5.1 K and ${T}_{c}$ for Ta alloys \ensuremath{\approx} 3.1-3.3 K. Changing the average group number by varying the $\frac{{T}_{5}}{{T}_{9}}$ ratio had little effect on ${T}_{c}$ within the \ensuremath{\sim} 10 at.% range of composition in which the amorphous alloys form. ${T}_{c}$ decreased approximately linearly with $x$ for ${({\mathrm{Nb}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ta}}_{x})}_{55}{\mathrm{Rh}}_{45}$ and ${({\mathrm{Nb}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ta}}_{x})}_{55}{\mathrm{Ir}}_{45}$. The electrical resistivity ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{n}$ and the upper critical field ${B}_{c2}$ were measured as functions of temperature. The Sommerfeld constant $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ was calculated from ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{n}$ and ${\frac{d{B}_{c2}}{\mathrm{dT}}|}_{{T}_{c}}$ using the Ginzburg-Landau-Abrikosov-Gor'kov theory. The Debye temperature ${\ensuremath{\Theta}}_{D}$ was calculated from measurements of Young's modulus. The above parameters allowed calculations to be made of $N({E}_{F})$, the density of electronic states at the Fermi level, and $\ensuremath{\lambda}$, the electron-phonon coupling constant. It was found that $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ more accurately reflected the ${T}_{c}$ behavior than did $N({E}_{F})$ and that both electronic and phonon contributions had to be considered in the determination of $\ensuremath{\lambda}$.
Juzi: a tool for repairing complex data structures

This paper describes Juzi, a tool for automatic repair of complex data structures. Juzi takes a Java class representing the data structure as well as a predicate method that specifies the structural integrity constraints as inputs. Juzi instruments its inputs and generates a new Java class which behaves similarly to the original class, yet automatically repairs itself when the structural integrity constraints are violated. Juzi implements a novel repair algorithm. Given a structure that violates its integrity constraints, Juzi performs a systematic search based on symbolic execution to repair the structure, i.e., mutate it such that the resulting structure satisfies the given constraints. Experiments on structures ranging from library classes to standalone applications, show that Juzi repairs complex structures while enabling programs to recover from erroneous executions caused by data structure corruptions.
Some Factors Affecting C14-Acetate Incorporation into Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of Skin

Newborn mouse skin and human preputial skin were incubated for varying time periods in different media containing 1-C 14 -acetate. Fatty acids were isolated by conventional chromatographic procedures and their radioactivity monitored. Complete tissue culture medium and serum or an oxygen atmosphere enhanced acetate uptake compared to that in phosphate buffer. This increase affected saturated acids more than unsaturated. Insulin increased incorporation, especially into PUFA, but prostaglandin E 2 exerted the opposite effect in some experiments. Incorporation into all acids increased with time, although there was a tendency to fall off or even plateau except in the case of polyunsaturated (PUFA) fractions. Individual PUFA, including linoleic and linolenic acids, showed a linear increase at widely different rates. The labeling rate of arachidonic acid tended to increase after about five hours.
An Unusual Type of Cointegrate Formation between a Bacteroides Plasmid and the Excised Circular Form of an Integrated Element (NBU1)

Abstract Evidence for an unusual type of cointegrate formation was found as the result of analyzing three integration events that fused a mobilization-deficient Bacteroides plasmid (pEG920) with the excised circular form of a nonreplicating Bacteroides element (NBU1), NBU1 is capable of inserting itself into DNA segments, but the cointegrates were the result of invasion of NBU1 by pEG920, not vice versa. The same site on pEG920 was involved in all cases. Sequence analysis of the cointegrates suggested that the integration events may have been the result of a multistep process in which a conjugative transposon was involved.
Radiation damage and nanocrystal formation in uranium-niobium titanates

Abstract Two uranium–niobium titanates, U2.25Nb1.90Ti0.32O9.8 and Nb2.75U1.20Ti0.36O10, formed during the synthesis of brannnerite (UTi2O6), a minor phase in titanate-based ceramics investigated for plutonium immobilization. These uranium titanates were subjected to 800 keV Kr 2+ irradiation from 30 to 973 K. The critical amorphization dose of the U-rich and Nb-rich titanates at room temperature were 4.72×1017 and 5×10 17 ions / m 2 , respectively. At elevated temperature, the critical amorphization dose increases due to dynamic thermal annealing. The critical amorphization temperature for both Nb-rich and U-rich titanates is ∼933 K under a 800 keV Kr 2+ irradiation. Above the critical amorphization temperature, nanocrystals with an average size of ∼15 nm were observed. The formation of nanocrystals is due to epitaxial recrystallization. At higher temperatures, an ion irradiation-induced nucleation-growth mechanism also contributes to the formation of nanocrystals.
A favorable experience with rotational flap techniques for fashioning the Firlit preputial collar.

Purpose: The Firlit collar technique for the approximation of the divergent inner leaf of the prepuce in operations to repair hypospadias and its variants are generally easily conceptualized and executed. However, in some cases the divergence is so great at the level of the corona that a simple approximation cannot be performed. Therefore, 2 techniques are described that facilitate completion of the Firlit collar in these instances.Materials and Methods: A total of 101 boys 6 to 101 months old (mean 18.9) underwent formation of a Firlit collar between July 2003 and July 2004. Among the patients 69 had coronal or glanular hypospadias, 17 had a penile or a more proximal meatus and 15 had only a hooded prepuce. In 5 patients the divergence of the inner leaf of the prepuce precluded a simple midline approximation of the 2 halves. Two techniques of forming rotational flaps of the inner leaf were used to complete construction of the Firlit preputial collar.Results: The techniques were used as described in 5 rep...
Forecasting Tropical Cyclone Turning Motion from Surrounding Wind and Temperature Fields

Abstract An analysis of tropical cyclone forecast track errors shows that the largest errors are typically associated with storm undergoing turning motion. This paper presents results obtained from a composite study of tropical cyclones occurring in the West Indies during 1961–77. Storms which underwent a left or right turn or moved straight for a period of at least 36 h were studied. Wind fields at different levels in the atmosphere around these storms were investigated. When a storm begins to turn, the environmental flow at 500 mb and the average tropospheric wind (between 200 and 900 mb) around the cyclone at 5–11° latitude radius is cyclonic for a left turning and anticyclonic for a right turning storm. At 24-–36 h before a storm makes a left turn, there exists a large positive vertical wind shear around the cyclone between the upper (200 mb) and lower (900b mb) troposphere in the direction of storm motion, while the opposite occurs with a right-turning storm. Straight-moving cyclones do not show such...
Manipulation of Components of Context: The Context Shift Effect and Forgetting of Stimulus Attributes

Abstract Seventy-two Sprague–Dawley rats were used to investigate the multidimensional features of the context shift effect and the forgetting of stimulus attributes in a Pavlovian differential fear conditioning paradigm. One day after training, a change in either conditioning box or room context resulted in substantial decrements in performance similar to that induced by a shift of both box and room contexts. Two weeks after training, a shift of either box or room context exerted no significant detrimental effects on responding. However, a combined shift of both box and room contexts still induced a severe performance deficit. These results suggest that changes in various components of the stimulus context can result in similar retention deficits, that several aspects of stimulus attributes are forgotten over a delay, and that changing several aspects of the stimulus complex can synergistically impair performance.
Computation of saddle point of attachment

Low-speed flows over a cylinder mounted on a flat plate are studied numerically in order to confirm the existence of a saddle point of attachment in the flow before an obstacle, to analyze the flow characteristics near the saddle point theoretically, and to address the significance of the saddle point of attachment to the construction of external flow structures, the interpretation of experimental surface oil-flow patterns, and the theoretical definition of three-dimensional flow separation. Two numerical codes, one for an incompressible flow and another for a compressible flow, are used for various Mach numbers, Reynolds numbers, grid sizes, and numbers of grid points. It is pointed out that the potential presence of a saddle point of attachment means that a line of 'oil accumulation' from both sides of a skin-friction line emanating outward from a saddle point can be either a line of separation or a line of attachment.
Atomistic simulations of uranium incorporation into iron (hydr)oxides.

Atomistic simulations were carried out to characterize the coordination environments of U incorporated in three Fe-(hydr)oxide minerals: goethite, magnetite, and hematite. The simulations provided information on U−O and U−Fe distances, coordination numbers, and lattice distortion for U incorporated in different sites (e.g., unoccupied versus occupied sites, octahedral versus tetrahedral) as a function of the oxidation state of U and charge compensation mechanisms (i.e., deprotonation, vacancy formation, or reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II)). For goethite, deprotonation of first shell hydroxyls enables substitution of U for Fe(III) with a minimal amount of lattice distortion, whereas substitution in unoccupied octahedral sites induced appreciable distortion to 7-fold coordination regardless of U oxidation states and charge compensation mechanisms. Importantly, U−Fe distances of ∼3.6 A were associated with structural incorporation of U and cannot be considered diagnostic of simple adsorption to goethite surfac...
Working with HMOs: Home Care Nursing Perspective

55 bleshoots care problems. Getting to know the gatekeeper and case manager on a first-name basis is a good idea because these people typically manage patient needs and HHA requests. Does the HMO request that you work with a certain supply company or service with whom they contract? If so, who are these people, and how will business be handled? Many HMOs contract with a specific intravenous supplier or home medical equipment company. Before implementing such services, make sure you are using the preferred HMO source for these supplies. What does the HMO charge for visits, skilled care, supplies, etc.? Again, this information must be passed on to patients before providing such care. In addition, HHAs should be aware of their own costs before bidding on an HMO contract. What documentation will the HMO require from the HHA and field staff? HMOs rarely request the extensive documentation required by Medicare. However, state and OSHA requirements for providing home care must be followed. Whatever documentation is chosen certainly should reflect basic regulatory requirements and good standards of care. Many elderly people are electing to seek health care from a variety of sources, including health maintenance organizations (HMOs). HMOs represent a significant portion of the home care market, and their service sector likely will continue to grow in today’s atmosphere of costcontainment. Hence, home care nurses and Medicare-certified home health agencies (HHAs) should learn to work with HMOs as a means of surviving in economically competitive health care markets. Nurses who work for Medicare-certified HHAs may feel frustrated when working with HMOs because the home care benefits in these organizations usually do not cover everything that Medicare does. In addition, HMOs may have certain requirements of the HHA and nurse as part of a contractual agreement for services. The purpose of this article is to give HHAs and their staff general guidelines for working with HMOs. Asking the following questions may help home care nurses and agencies better understand HMOs. With whom do you have a contract? Field staff should become familiar with which HMO(s) their agency is working. Good communication regarding procedures for services, patient needs, etc. is essential to working with these organizations. What are the terms of the contract regarding referral and payment? Home care staff should know this information because some HMOs require a patient copayment. If so, the nurse and agency must make this responsibility clear to the patient before providing services. Who is the gatekeeper at the HMO? HMOs typically have a utilization review person who is responsible for giving referrals and allotting home visits. Be aware that this person may not be an RN. In addition, many HMOs have an RN as case manager who supervises the gatekeeper and trouHome Health Care
Microstructure fibre array for RF photonic signal processing applications

A novel microstructure fibre array (MFA), comprising multiple singlemode fibre waveguides reduced to an overall diameter of approximately 30 µm is reported. When used in conjunction with a single photodetector, the array facilitates the efficient and stable electrical summation of a number of RF-modulated optical signals with minimal optical interference effects. The reported MFA has optical insertion loss less than 0.1 dB. An RF filter based on the array exhibits less than 0.4 dB optical insertion loss and excellent temporal stability.