cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Advancing American Indian and Alaska Native Substance Abuse Research: Current Science and Future Directions

American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) have disproportionately high rates of substance abuse yet there is little empirical research addressing this significant public health problem. This paper is an introduction to a special issue that includes cutting edge science in this research area. We identify several areas that require consideration in this field and indicate how the papers in the special issue address these gaps. These overarching areas of need, which should be considered in any substantive research, include attention to heterogeneity within the population, research that has tangible health benefits, continued work on research methods and strategies, increased focus on strength based and community oriented approaches, and the need for strong research partnerships. The special issue marks a major step forward for AI/AN substance abuse research. However, articles also highlight where more work is need to improve public health in AI/AN communities by addressing identified gap areas.
Patient characteristics associated with 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate use among a high-risk cohort

Background Preterm birth (PTB) remains a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Women with a prior PTB are at risk for recurrent PTB. Treatment with 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17OHP-C) has become standard of care for women with prior PTB to help reduce this risk. Factors that affect a woman's decision to use this medication are largely unknown. Objective The objective of our study was to investigate patient-level barriers to 17OHP-C. We studied a cohort of women eligible for 17OHP-C with the hypothesis that 17OHP-C is underutilized and certain patient characteristics, such as obstetrical history, influence its use. Study Design A cross-sectional study of all women seen at a specialty prematurity clinic from 2009 through 2013 was performed. Women with a singleton pregnancy were included if they had a prior spontaneous PTB (sPTB). The χ 2 tests were performed for univariate analyses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to control for confounders. Results In all, 243 women had 17OHP-C recommended to them based on obstetrical history. There were 218 women with a pregnancy during our study period that were included in our analysis. A total of 163 (74.7%) had documented 17OHP-C use. Women were more likely to accept 17OHP-C if they had a history of a second-trimester loss only (odds ratio [OR], 2.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–4.58) or received recommendation for cerclage due to a short cervical length (OR, 4.12; 95% CI, 1.55–10.99). Women with a prior full-term birth were less likely to accept 17OHP-C (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.26–0.89), especially when the prior full-term birth was subsequent rather than prior to the PTB (OR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.08–0.47). Race, obesity, and insurance status did not impact 17OHP-C use. There was no difference in the rate of sPTB between those who used and did not use 17OHP-C (37.2 vs 34.0%, P = .7). Conclusion Obstetric history impacted 17OHP-C use. This study identifies biases regarding 17OHP-C at the patient level and can be used to develop strategies to increase its use. However, the similarity in the sPTB rate between users and nonusers highlights the importance of identifying specific populations where 17OHP-C is and is not effective in preventing PTB.
Making the Case for Gestalt Organization: Edmund Husserl and Aron Gurwitsch on the Problem of Independent Parts

Dr. Lester Embree has done much to advance phenomenology through his many presentations and publications, but his greatest contribution lies in his worldwide promotion of the tradition through the organization of phenomenologists through meetings, groups, and volumes. A brief history of some of Embree’s key involvements in this regard demonstrates this. Even before he had earned his Ph.D. from the New School for Social Research in 1972, Embree was already involved in founding an important North American based but internationally comprised phenomenological organization, the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology, Inc. (CARP), in 1971. Just two years later he would organize his first symposium, notably in memory of his dissertation advisor Aron Gurwitsch, the papers of which were prepared by Embree into a volume and published. The success of these two projects would encourage many more organizations, meetings, and volumes.
All Intimate Grammars Leak: Reflections on Indian Languages in Unexpected Places

I want to begin by thanking the editors for inviting me to comment on these thoughtful and thought-provoking articles and to thank the American Indian Culture and Research Journal for publishing a special issue on Native American languages in which the authors took inspiration from the trope of Philip Deloria’s pathbreaking book, Indians in Unexpected Places, and its imaginative reframing here to focus on the important but neglected topic of American Indian languages.1 As a commentator, I enjoy the delightful yet difficult task of exploring these articles in a manner that somehow does some descriptive and analytical justice to each while recognizing a collective pattern or two. Allow me to begin by briefly mentioning two cross-cutting patterns and move on to some more particular observations, leaving it in part to you, dear readers, to weave this warp and weft together more securely than I can do in these brief remarks. The first, a kind of an appropriation of a venerable W. E. B. Du Bois’s 1903 concept, is the relevance of something like a “double consciousness”
What’s so Bad About Competitive Coparenting? Family-Level Predictors of Children’s Externalizing Symptoms

Competitive coparenting, defined as one parent undermining the other in the presence of the child or jockeying for control of the child, has been identified as a robust predictor of externalizing symptoms in children. But in addition to its core definition, competitive coparenting is also likely to involve a lack of cooperative coparenting, displays of negative affectivity, and family conflict, making it unclear what drives the relation between competitive coparenting and children’s externalizing symptoms. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the extent to which each aspect of family negativity contributes to externalizing symptoms in children, and in particular, whether the core definition of competitive coparenting (parental triangulation of the child) predicts their later externalizing symptoms above and beyond effects due to other types of negative family interaction. Both parents and their first-born child (N = 108 families) were observed in triadic family interactions when children were 24 months old, and children’s externalizing symptoms were rated by their teachers when children were 7 years old. Family interactions were coded at the triadic level for competitive coparenting, cooperative coparenting, negative affect, and conflict. First-order correlations indicated that competitive coparenting, negative affectivity, and family conflict within the triad were all associated with each other and with children’s externalizing symptoms. When all entered into a regression, however, competitive coparenting remained the sole predictor of later externalizing symptoms in children. Results suggest that the core definition of competitive coparenting predicts children’s externalizing symptoms beyond the general presence in family interaction of low cooperation, negative emotionality, and conflict.
A Journey Toward an Art Education for Wired Youth

The author examines his own journey in art education over the past 30 years, largely with reference to 13 articles published in Studies in Art Education. Five issues are described in which the past and present are compared. These include the shift from an attempt to validate copying when learning to draw to validating today’s youth remix culture on the net; the shift from popular culture to the more inclusive concept of visual culture; the shift from the focus of visual culture on the visual to multisensory, multimodal forms of communication; the shift from Neo-Marxism to New Times; and a shift from critical theory and critical pedagogy to a playful, dialogic pedagogy.
Mechanisms by which botanical lipids affect inflammatory disorders

Changes in diet over the past century have markedly altered the consumption of fatty acids. The dramatic increase in the ingestion of saturated and n-6 fatty acids and concomitant decrease in n-3 fatty acids are thought to be a major driver of the increase in the incidence of inflammatory diseases such as asthma, allergy, and atherosclerosis. The central objective of the Center for Botanical Lipids at Wake Forest University School of Medicine and the Brigham and Women's Hospital is to delineate the mechanisms by which fatty acid-based dietary supplements inhibit inflammation leading to chronic human diseases such as cardiovascular disease and asthma. The key question that this center addresses is whether botanical n-6 and n-3 fatty acids directly block recognized biochemical pathways or the expression of critical genes that lead to asthma and atherosclerosis. Dietary supplementation with flaxseed oil, borage oil, and echium oil affects the biochemistry of fatty acid metabolism and thus the balance of proinflammatory mediators and atherogenic lipids. Supplementation studies have begun to identify key molecular and genetic mechanisms that regulate the production of lipid mediators involved in inflammatory and hyperlipidemic diseases. Echium oil and other oils containing stearidonic acid as well as botanical oil combinations (such as echium and borage oils) hold great promise for modulating inflammatory diseases.
Effects of intrauterine substance and postnatal violence exposure on aggression in children.

During the cocaine epidemic of the 1980s and early 1990s, many expressed fears that children with intrauterine cocaine exposure (IUCE) would grow up to be unusually violent. The present study examines the relationship of caregiver reports of school-age children's aggressive behavior with IUCE and postnatal exposure to violence. Respondents were 140 low-income, primarily African American children, ages 8-11, and each child's current primary caregiver from a longitudinal study evaluating potential long term sequelae of IUCE. Multiple regression analyses were used to investigate the independent and interactive effects of level of IUCE (None (n = 69), Lighter (n = 47), Heavier (n = 24)) and exposure to violence (Violence Exposure Scale for Children-Revised) on aggressive behavior (Child Behavior Checklist), while also controlling for other intrauterine substance exposures and additional contextual factors. Children's self-reported exposure to violence was significantly positively associated with caregivers' reports of aggressive behavior (β = 2.17, P = .05), as was concurrent caregiver's psychiatric distress (β = .15, P = .003). However, neither IUCE nor its interaction with exposure to violence showed a significant association with aggressive behavior. Findings suggest the importance of postnatal social environment rather than IUCE in predicting aggressive behavior in childhood.
Exploring Hydrogen Evolution and the Overpotential

The laboratory experiment described provides insight into the energetics of hydrogen evolution at an electrode as well as the intrinsic barrier that typically impedes reaction. In the course of the exercise, students find that Sn(s) is thermodynamically capable of combining with protons to form hydrogen, but that the direct reaction occurs at a negligible rate in the absence of an applied overpotential or a suitable catalyst. Exploring the latter option, students fabricate mini-cells with tin as the anode and either copper or platinum as the cathode. Upon immersing the assemblies in HCl(aq), they observe vigorous formation of H2(g), but only when tin and platinum electrodes are present. They also detect a change in mass that is attributable to the loss of tin, and they attempt to reconcile the stoichiometry of reaction. The exercise requires minimal equipment and provides useful insight into processes that are potentially important to the future energy economy.
miR-221 attenuates the osteogenic differentiation of human annulus fibrosus cells.

Abstract Background In the moderate and end stages of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, endochondral ossifications are found in the IVD. Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate whether endochondral ossification in the late stages of disc degeneration is due to the differentiation of resident progenitor cell in the annulus fibrosus (AF) and the potential signaling pathways in vitro. Study Design This is an in vitro study of AF cell osteogenic differentiation and possible mechanisms Methods Normal annulus fibrosus (NAF) and degenerated annulus fibrosus (DAF) cells were isolated from tissue removed surgically from juvenile patients with idiopathic scoliosis and adult patients with degenerative scoliosis. Osteogenic differentiation was investigated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and histology. The effects of miR-221 on osteogenesis were measured by overexpression of miR-221 with lentivirus. BMP2 and phospho-Smad proteins were detected by Western blotting. Results Both NAF and DAF cells underwent osteogenic differentiation, which was confirmed by detecting mineralization of the cell cultures and by an increase in the expression mRNAs for BMP2, runx2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin. DAF cells exhibited increased osteogenic differentiation potential over the NAF cells. By contrast to the elevated phospho-Smads, the basal level of miR-221 significantly decreased in DAF cells compared with that in NAF cells. Cultures of both cell types in osteogenic medium showed a decrease in miR-221 expression, and overexpression of miR-221 markedly decreased the level of BMP2, phospho-Smads, and the expression of osteogenic genes in DAF cells. The osteogenic potential of DAF cells diminished by the overexpression of miR-221. Conclusion Compared with NAF cells, AF cells from degenerated discs have a greater tendency for osteogenic differentiation, which involves the BMP-Smad pathways and can be regulated by miR-221. These observations may be developed into a therapeutic to prevent the endochondral ossification.
Protein Structure Solution Skills Made Accessible: Steps Toward an Online Classroom

The ability to solve and interpret protein structures is a critical skill set for molecular life scientists of many disciplines. However, courses teaching practical crystallography skills are rarely integrated into regular graduate or undergraduate curricula. Moreover, expert-led workshops are often expensive and have long wait lists. In our molecular biophysics program, we currently address this issue through offering an immersive, active-learning workshop covering hands-on crystallography skills in a blended delivery format. Preliminary evaluation results recently indicated long-term, sustained structure solving skills in our learners.In order to reach a broader learner population, we are now taking the next steps toward developing an online course environment, to enable also full-time students, postdoctoral fellows and professional scientists, independent of institutional affiliation and geographic location, to take the course at their own pace in a part-time modus.Our instructional strategies comprise:- Modular topic preparation through individual readings and recorded mini-lectures;- Readiness checks through short quizzes;- Problem-based learning by provision of real-world data sets through server-download;- Peer-to-peer consultation on intermediate structure solution steps via online team space;- Progress assessment through regular update reports and feedback by the instructor team via discussion forum and real-time online meet-ups;- Online presentation as well as peer- and instructor critique of a final project, mimicking a conference presentation that focuses on the structure solution pathway.- Three to six months after the course, we provide our learners with an unknown dataset to solve on their own, to evaluate the level of sustained learner performance post instruction.We will present the current status of our online implementation efforts, as well as first insights from a pilot feasibility study with national and international off-site participants.
Complex refractive indices of thin films of secondary organic materials by spectroscopic ellipsometry from 220 to 1200 nm.

The complex refractive indices of three different types of secondary organic material (SOM) were obtained for 220 to 1200 nm using a variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometer. Aerosol particles were produced in a flow tube reactor by ozonolysis of volatile organic compounds, including the monoterpenes α-pinene and limonene and the aromatic catechol (benzene-1,2-diol). Optically reflective thin films of SOM were grown by electrostatic precipitation of the aerosol particles onto silicon substrates. The ellipsometry analysis showed that both the real and imaginary components of the refractive indices decreased with increasing wavelength. The real part n(λ) could be parametrized by the three-term form of Cauchy’s equation, as follows: n(λ) = B + C/λ2 + D/λ4 where λ is the wavelength and B, C, and D are fitting parameters. The real refractive indices of the three SOMs ranged from 1.53 to 1.58, 1.49–1.52, and 1.48–1.50 at 310, 550, and 1000 nm, respectively. The catechol-derived SOM absorbed light in the ultrav...
Team-Based Software/System Development in the Vertically-Integrated Projects (VIP) Program

The Vertically-Integrated Projects (VIP) program is an undergraduate education program that operates in a research context. Undergraduates who join VIP teams earn academic credit for their participation in development tasks that assist faculty with their research efforts. The teams are: multidisciplinary – drawing students from across campus; vertically-integrated – maintaining a mix of sophomores through PhD students each semester; and long-term – each undergraduate student may participate in a project for up to three years. The continuity, technical depth, and disciplinary breadth of these teams enable the completion of projects of significant benefit to research efforts. This paper provides: overviews of three VIP projects to show the range of computing topics that are addressed; a summary of the resources and practices that enable the teams to create sophisticated software and systems; and an explanation of how student performance is evaluated.
B12 metabolism and multiple sclerosis.

SummaryData have been presented to suggest that MS patients as a group do not metabolize Vit. B12 and GSH, quite in the same quantitative manner as a control group. Their average Vit. B12 serum lev...
Highly efficient antibacterial iron oxide@carbon nanochains from wüstite precursor nanoparticles.

A new hydrothermal synthesis approach involving the carbonization of glucose in the presence of wustite (FeO) nanoparticles is presented, which leads to the fabrication of rapidly acting and potent antibacterial agents based on iron oxide@carbon (IO@C) nanochains. By using nonmagnetic FeO precursor nanoparticles that slowly oxidize into the magnetic Fe3O4 crystal structure under hydrothermal conditions, we were able to prepare well-defined and short-length IO@C nanochains that are highly dispersed in aqueous media and readily interact with bacterial cells, leading to a complete loss in bacterial cell viability within short incubation times at minimal dosage. The smaller IO@C nanochains synthesized using the FeO precursor nanoparticles can reach above 2-fold enhancement in microbe-killing activity when compared to the larger nanochains fabricated directly from Fe3O4 nanoparticles. In addition, the synthesized IO@C nanochains can be easily isolated using an external magnet and be subsequently recycled to ef...
Enlisting the unconscious as an ally in grief therapy: the creative use of affirmations, metaphors, and guided visualization.

ABSTRACTThis article explores the effective use of the unconscious as an ally in providing therapy to bereaved clients. The power of the unconscious, often an underutilized but potent resource, can be employed through the use of specialized communication techniques which incorporate the specific language of the unconscious. The following presents the therapeutic use of “embedded affirmations,” metaphors, and guided visualizations, focused on harnessing the healing potential of the unconscious. Included is a step-by-step model for constructing a guided visualization which can be customized to meet the needs of both individual clients and groups. [Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-342-9678. E-mail address: getinfo@haworth.com]
C-C chemokine profile of cord blood mononuclear cells: selective defect in RANTES production.

Three C-C chemokines inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry into macrophages: macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1), MIP-1β, and regulated-upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). We studied the ability of placental cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) to secrete these C-C chemokines in comparison to adult blood mononuclear cells (ABMC). CBMC had diminished ability to secrete RANTES, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Secretion of MIP-1 and MIP-1β were similar in CBMC and ABMC. Whereas MIP-1 and MIP-1β secretion were comparable in monocytes and lymphocytes, RANTES was secreted primarily by lymphocytes. Flow cytometric analysis of RANTES expression showed diminished intracellular RANTES expression in cord blood lymphocytes (CBL) compared to adult (peripheral) blood lymphocytes (ABL). A subset analysis of RANTES-producing CBL and ABL demonstrated that RANTES was produced predominantly by CD8+/CD45RO+ cells. CBL had a reduced proportion of CD8+/CD45RO+ cells compared with ABL, which may account for the diminished RANTES secretion by CBMC. These results may be relevant to the pathogenesis of perinatal HIV infection.
Surgical Management of “Pus-Pot” Perineum

AbstractTen cases of disabling “pus-pot” perineum secondary to hidradenitis suppurativa, urethral stricture disease, condyloma acuminatum and anoperineal fistula were treated by wide excision of involved tissues. In 7 men the testicles were transposed to thigh pouches, and in 3 the entire penile skin was excised and replaced with a skin graft.
Precision Measurement of the Triplet Positronium Decay Rate in Gases

In a recent publication1, we presented a new 200 ppm measurement of the vacuum decay rate,λT of orthopositronium (o-Ps) formed in a gas. Our result, λT = 7.0516 ± 0.0013 µs−1, represents a factor of four improvement over previous measurements. Our result is in substantial agreement with experimental results, the most recent of which are2–5: 7.056 ± 0.007 µs−1, 7.045 ± 0.006 µs−1, 7.051 ± 0.005 µs−1, and 7.050 ± 0.013 µs−1. These values are 1–2.5 standard deviations above the present theoretical value6,7 and our new measurement exceeds theory by 10 experimental standard deviations.
They Protect Our Homeland but Neglect Our Community Homeland Security Overemphasis, Legitimacy, and Public Cooperation in Israel

Objectives:Terrorism is becoming a priority among police agencies in many Western democracies. Scholars argue that increasing homeland security responsibilities can erode police–community relations, in that people perceive the police as neglecting local crime problems for homeland security concerns.Methods:Using Israel as a case study, we evaluate, through path analyses, whether Israeli Jews who perceive that the Israeli National Police (INP) values homeland security more than its crime responsibilities have lower evaluations of police legitimacy and, in turn, are less willing to cooperate with the police.Results:The findings demonstrate that those who believe the INP neglects its crime responsibilities for homeland security view the police as less legitimate, and lower evaluations of police legitimacy decrease willingness to cooperate. The overall indirect effect of perceived neglect on cooperation is not significant.Conclusions:Based on the findings, it is clear that perceptions of what the police ought...
Methods of Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence: Converting Invisible to Visible

Observing changes in pathophysiological tissue samples often relies on immunohistochemical or immunofluorescence analysis. These techniques show target microanatomy by visualizing marker molecules on cells and their microenvironment. Here, we describe the "pros and cons" in each method, along with alternative procedures and the suggested imaging equipment.
A sudden stratospheric warming compendium

Abstract. Major, sudden midwinter stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are large and rapid temperature increases in the winter polar stratosphere are associated with a complete reversal of the climatological westerly winds (i.e., the polar vortex). These extreme events can have substantial impacts on winter surface climate, including increased frequency of cold air outbreaks over North America and Eurasia and anomalous warming over Greenland and eastern Canada. Here we present a SSW Compendium (SSWC), a new database that documents the evolution of the stratosphere, troposphere, and surface conditions 60 days prior to and after SSWs for the period 1958–2014. The SSWC comprises data from six different reanalysis products: MERRA2 (1980–2014), JRA-55 (1958–2014), ERA-interim (1979–2014), ERA-40 (1958–2002), NOAA20CRv2c (1958–2011), and NCEP-NCAR I (1958–2014). Global gridded daily anomaly fields, full fields, and derived products are provided for each SSW event. The compendium will allow users to examine the structure and evolution of individual SSWs, and the variability among events and among reanalysis products. The SSWC is archived and maintained by NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI, doi:10.7289/V5NS0RWP ).
Legal Issues in Educating Anxious and Depressed Children

Apart from the family, school arguably is the most influential aspect of a child’s life, and success or failure can have a significant effect on long-term social and psychological outcomes. In Chap. 12, school-based interventions were discussed within a problem-solving and tier intervention approach, which work well for the majority of students. When problems associated with anxiety and depression interfere with school performance to a significant degree, special attention and interventions may be necessary. Although many of the assessment and intervention methods discussed in earlier chapters could be used in the schools, often schools are not designed, equipped, or staffed to provide “traditional” therapeutic services. Rather, the goals of public schools include educating children academically and socially and help those who need extra assistance to make progress despite their apparent disabilities. In situations where special education services are needed to address problems associated with anxiety and depression, there are some laws and procedures that may apply.
Coupon specimen–based approach for the simulation of crossbore stress and strain state:

Direct investigation of the stress and strain state of structures with crossbore geometries is typically complex to achieve. Crossbores are often located at the center of reciprocating machinery wi...
Scales of integration for sustainable development governance

Efforts at integration are central in the Sustainable Development Goals and the wider Post-2015 Sustainable Development Agenda. While integration forms a major focus of this agenda, there are funda...
Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth and global gene expression in dairy cows

ABSTRACTUse of probiotic supplements as a non-chemical approach to promote health has increased in animal production. The present study evaluated the effect of oral probiotic administration on growth and global gene expression profile in dairy cows. Lactating Holstein-Friesian cows received a daily dose (50 ml) of a commercial probiotic (containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Enterococcus faecium, Aspergillus oryza and Bacillus subtilis) for 60 days. A microarray experiment was performed with blood collected at day-0 and day-60. Although probiotic supplementation had no effect on body weight, PCV and total protein concentration in plasma (P > 0.05), per cent lymphocyte count increased (P < 0.05), and per cent neutrophil count decreased (P < 0.05) in probiotic-treated animals. Gene expression analysis identified 10,859 differentially expressed genes, 1168 up-regulated and 9691 down-regulated genes, respectively, following probiotic treatment. Single experiment pathway analysis iden...
Characteristics and survival of patients with Ebola virus infection, malaria, or both in Sierra Leone: a retrospective cohort study.

Summary Background The 2014–15 Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic strained health systems in west Africa already overburdened with other diseases, including malaria. Because EVD and malaria can be difficult to distinguish clinically, and rapid testing was not available in many Ebola Treatment Units (ETUs), guidelines recommended empirical malaria treatment. Little is known, however, about the prevalence and characteristics of patients entering an ETU who were infected with malaria parasites, either alone or concurrently with Ebola virus. Methods Data for sociodemographics, disease characteristics, and mortality were analysed for patients with suspected EVD admitted to three ETUs in Sierra Leone using a retrospective cohort design. Testing for Ebola virus was done by real-time PCR and for malaria by a rapid diagnostic test. Characteristics of patients were compared and survival analyses were done to evaluate the effect of infection status on mortality. Findings Between Dec 1, 2014, and Oct 15, 2015, 1524 cases were treated at the three ETUs for suspected EVD, of whom 1368 (90%) had diagnostic data for malaria and EVD. Median age of patients was 29 years (IQR 20–44) and 715 (52%) were men. 1114 patients were EVD negative, of whom 365 (33%) tested positive for malaria. Of 254 EVD positive patients, 53 (21%) also tested positive for malaria. Mortality risk was highest in patients diagnosed with both EVD and malaria (35 [66%] of 53 died) and patients diagnosed with EVD alone (105 [52%] of 201 died). Compared with patients presenting to ETUs without malaria or EVD, mortality was increased in the malaria positive and EVD positive group (adjusted hazard ratio 9·36, 95% CI 6·18–14·18, p Interpretation Malaria parasite co-infection was common in patients presenting to ETUs and conferred an increased mortality risk in patients infected with Ebola virus, supporting empirical malaria treatment in ETUs. The high mortality among patients without EVD or malaria suggests expanded testing and treatment might improve care in future EVD epidemics. Funding International Medical Corps.
Coil-helix and sheet-helix block copolymers via macroinitiation from telechelic ROMP polymers

Coil-helix and sheet-helix block copolymers are synthesized by combining the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene or paracyclophanediene with the anionic polymerization of phenyl isocyanide. Key to the design is the use of an μ-ethynyl palladium (II) functionalized chain-transfer agent (CTA) that can be exploited in a stepwise manner for the termination of ROMP and the initiation of the anionic polymerization. Both the coil- and sheet-macroinitiators, and the ensuing covalent block copolymers, are analyzed using 1H NMR spectroscopy and gel-permeation chromatography. In all cases, the Pd-end group is maintained and all polymers demonstrate a monomodal distribution with dispersities (Đ) of 1.1–1.4. The resulting helix-coil and helix-sheet block copolymers formed by the macroinitiation route still demonstrate their intrinsic properties (fluorescence, preferential helix-sense). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2991–2998
Pre-hospital Paediatric Life Support

Eds F Jewkes, P Lubas, K McCusker BMJ Books, £22, pp 203 ISBN 0 7279 1419 7 Rating: ![Graphic][1] ![Graphic][2] ![Graphic][3] ![Graphic][4] (if you do the course) Measuring 125×85 mm and weighing in at 0.8 kg, this is no pocket reference book for those who find themselves resuscitating a child before the ambulance arrives or en route to hospital. This is the text book written primarily for the prehospital paediatric life support (PHPLS) course, one of the more recent The authors have varying … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Denominational interpretations of nanotech.

Religious people tend to have a different view of nanotechnology than non-religious people. Chris Toumey explores whether there are also different views between different religious groups.
Impacts of China’s Grain for Green Program on Migration and Household Income

In the late 1990s, China’s Yangtze and Yellow River Basins suffered devastating natural disasters widely attributed to the degradation of soil and water resources. The Government of China responded with a number of major environmental programs, the most expensive and influential of which, the Grain for Green (GfG) Program, was implemented widely from 1999. Under the GfG Program—also known as the Sloping Land Conversion or Conversion of Cropland to Forest Program—the central government compensates farmers to convert cropland on steep slopes or otherwise ecologically sensitive areas to forest or grassland. Its long-term success depends on households’ ability to make sustainable changes to their household income streams and income diversification strategies. In this paper, we use a difference-in-difference estimation approach to examine the role of migration as a household-level response to the GfG Program, testing the extent to which individuals migrate following a reduction in land available for farming. Importantly, we exploit 15 years of data on migration decisions and establish that participating and non-participating households were on parallel migration paths before the program, thus refuting a key threat to causality in a difference-in-difference model. We find that participating families do, in fact, choose migration as an income diversification strategy more frequently than non-participants. The program effects varied over time but peaked post-Great Recession in 2011 when migration rates in GfG households exceeded those of non-GfG households by 5.9% points (p = 0.003) or about 26%. Our findings should encourage policymakers that families are making long-term adjustments to their livelihood strategies to avoid poverty in anticipation of the eventual withdrawal of government supports.
Conclusions: Towards Managing Agricultural Soils for Mitigating Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Nitrogen (N) is central to living systems, and its addition to agricultural cropping systems is an essential facet of modern crop management and one of the major reasons that crop production has kept pace with human population growth. The benefits of N added to cropping systems come at significant environmental costs, including increased coastal hypoxia, atmospheric N2O emissions, increased reactive N gases to the atmosphere, and N deposition onto forests and other natural areas as some of the consequences of inability to keep fertilizer N from leaving cropped ecosystems. The global cycling of N is complex, and mitigation of some of these consequences require a thorough understanding of both the biogeochemical pathways of N losses from ecosystems and the consequences of different management practices. A number of technologies are currently available to reduce N loss. These include adding rotational complexity to cropping systems to improve N capture by crops, providing farmers with decision support tools for better predicting crop fertilizer N requirements, improving methods for optimizing fertilizer timing and placement, and developing watershed-level strategies to recapture N lost from fields. Solutions to the problem of agricultural N loss will require a portfolio approach in which different technologies are used in different combinations to address site-specific challenges. Solutions will also require incentives that promote their adoption.
New insights into structural evolution in carbon molecular sieve membranes during pyrolysis

Abstract Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes separate penetrants using size and shape-selective pores. In this paper we report pyrolysis of a 6FDA:BPDA-DAM polyimide precursor between 500 and 800 °C and measure gas evolution during the CMS structural development. The CMS materials were then characterized using combined transport properties, porosimetry, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, TGA-FTIR, WAXD, and elemental analysis measurements to assess their resulting physical and chemical properties. The results support a previous vision that fragmentation of the polyimide precursor occurs to form aromatic strands that provide building blocks for the overall CMS cell structure. This fact notwithstanding, these new findings indicate that constituent strands appear to be more complicated than previously suggested. An ordering process of such strands can generate a bimodal morphology comprising larger micropores with irregular cell walls containing ultramicropores. Permeability and permselectivity of the CMS for the C2H4/C2H6 pair are also correlated with CMS structures based on the above characterizations. The results of this work suggest that molecular probe-based transport measurements are by far the most useful tools to study these complex, amorphous materials for molecular separation applications.
Levels of Innovativeness Among Nurse Leaders in Acute Care Hospitals.

OBJECTIVEThe purposes of the study were to describe levels of innovativeness in nurse executives, clinical directors, and nurse managers in acute care settings in the United States and to compare innovativeness between the groups.BACKGROUNDNurse leaders must navigate the complex ever-changing landsc
Adversarial Training for Multilingual Acoustic Modeling

Multilingual training has been shown to improve acoustic modeling performance by sharing and transferring knowledge in modeling different languages. Knowledge sharing is usually achieved by using common lower-level layers for different languages in a deep neural network. Recently, the domain adversarial network was proposed to reduce domain mismatch of training data and learn domain-invariant features. It is thus worth exploring whether adversarial training can further promote knowledge sharing in multilingual models. In this work, we apply the domain adversarial network to encourage the shared layers of a multilingual model to learn language-invariant features. Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks (RNN) are used as building blocks. We show that shared layers learned this way contain less language identification information and lead to better performance. In an automatic speech recognition task for seven languages, the resultant acoustic model improves the word error rate (WER) of the multilingual model by 4% relative on average, and the monolingual models by 10%.
Abstract 4589: SRC drives invasion of luminal, but not basal, bladder cancer

Preventing progression from non-muscle invasive to muscle invasive bladder cancer (BC) is a major clinical priority. This transition is defined by tumor invasion through the bladder epithelium basement membrane into the lamina propria and muscle wall. Inhibition of SRC, a pro-invasion, non-receptor tyrosine kinase that signals as part of a complex with Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), may prevent BC progression. We hypothesize that SRC inhibition will disrupt migration and invasion of BC cells. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) mRNA expression data of human bladder tumors, we generated a classifier to subtype tumors as either “luminal” or “basal” and compared SRC expression between the groups. We then sequenced a panel of 30 bladder cancer cell lines. Each cell line was given a subtype call based on our luminal- basal classifier, and levels of SRC mRNA expression were examined. To determine the impact of SRC inhibition on luminal and basal subtypes, we exposed BC cell lines to the SRC-Family Kinase inhibitor, AZD0530. The impact of SRC inhibition on proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Transwell assays were used to examine the effect of SRC inhibition on migration, collagen invasion, and Matrigel invasion. Phosphorylation of SRC downstream targets after AZD0530 treatment was assessed by western blot. The role of SRC target and signaling partner FAK in migration was determined by siRNA knockdown and transwell assay. Luminal human bladder tumors had significantly greater SRC mRNA expression than basal tumors (p Citation Format: Bryan Wehrenberg, Andrea Ochoa, Woonyoung Choi, David McConkey. SRC drives invasion of luminal, but not basal, bladder cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4589.
Little Women. Directed by Vanessa Caswill, performances by Emily Watson, Maya Hawke, and Angela Lansbury, British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 2017. Little Women. Directed by Clare Niederpruem, performances by Sarah Davenport, Lea Thompson, and Lucas Grabeel, Main Dog Productions, 2018.

In Clare Niederpruem’s 2018 remake of Little Women, set in modern-day America, homeschooled Meg March goes not to Vanity Fair, but to a high school prom. The modest cocktail dress she intended to w...
Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) regulates deubiquitinase USP5 in tumor cells

The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) pathway has emerged as a cancer therapeutic target. However, clinical trials have proven that most human cancers are resistant to TRAIL. We show that exposure to recombinant TRAIL resulted in the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and free ubiquitin polymers, suggesting a link between TRAIL and the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome pathway. TRAIL treatment in cancer cells reduced the activity and cleavage of USP5, a deubiquitinase (DUB) previously shown to target unanchored Ub polymers and regulate p53-mediated transcription. TRAIL was effective in suppressing USP5 activity and cleavage in TRAIL-sensitive cells but not resistant cells. Knockdown of USP5 in TRAIL-resistant cells demonstrated that USP5 controls apoptotic responsiveness to TRAIL. USP5 cleavage and ubiquitination were blocked by caspase-8 specific inhibitors. A small-molecule USP5/9× inhibitor (G9) combined with TRAIL enhanced apoptosis and blocked colony growth in highly TRAIL-resistant cell lines. Finally, USP5 protein levels and activity were found to be frequently deregulated in TRAIL-resistant cells. Together, we conclude that activated TRAIL enhances USP5 activity and induces apoptosis in TRAIL-sensitive and -resistant cells. We also suggest that USP5 inhibition may be effective in inducing apoptotic thresholds to enhance responsiveness to TRAIL.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage During Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Treatment Recommendations.

Introduction:Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a known complication of aortic aneurysm repair. Previous reports indicate that cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD) may reduce incidence of SCI during open a...
Feature-Based Machine Learning Model for Real-Time Hypoglycemia Prediction.

Background:Hypoglycemia is a serious health concern in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Real-time data from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can be used to predict hypoglycemic risk, allowing p...
A Review of Drama-Based Pedagogy: Activating Learning Across the Curriculum by Kathryn Dawson and Bridget Kiger Lee: Drama-Based Pedagogy: Activating learning across the curriculum by Kathryn Dawson and Bridget Kiger Lee, Bristol, UK, Intellect, 2018, 209 pp., $40.00 (paperback), ISBN 9781783207398

I recently found myself faced with the challenge of teaching a class full of elementary education students who were new to drama and, in fact, new to the arts as a whole. When I asked them about dr...
Anorectal Crohn’s Disease: Anal Stenosis and Anal Fissure

The treatment of anal stenosis and anal fissure in patients with anorectal Crohn’s disease requires knowledge of medical management, their natural history, and familiarity with the outcomes of various management modalities. The preservation of continence and functional outcome must be balanced with the potential for poor healing. Anal stricture dilation offers the best initial treatment for symptomatic anal stricture from Crohn’s disease. Operative approaches to anal stricture, including stricture division and sphincteroplasty, have resulted in improvement. Lateral internal sphincterotomy has resulted in the healing of anal fissure in patients with known anorectal Crohn’s disease.
A Content Analysis of Health Promotion Topics Selected by an Old Order Mennonite community

In the United States, population growth in the Anabaptists has increased in the past 60 years, and Kentucky is one of the few southern states with a significant Plain Anabaptist population. One Old Order Mennonite community in south central Kentucky has hosted monthly health promotion days for over 18 years in partnership with a university. Using a community-based participatory model, community members identify the health promotion topic (HPT) of interest each month and the academic partners seek an appropriate speaker to lead a discussion on the selected topic. Using a qualitative design with content analysis, four researchers examined each HPT for frequency and categorization. The health promotion topic categories included communicable disease, health lifestyle practices, mental health conditions, navigating the health care system, self-care for illness or injury, and quest for medical knowledge .
Anesthetic consideration for patients with micra leadless pacemaker

MICRA, miniaturized leadless single chamber pacemaker, is inserted directly into the right ventricular myocardium via transcatheter approach. We present a case of a 66-year-old patient with a Micra pacemaker scheduled for kidney-pancreas transplant. The patient is pacemaker dependent. The preoperative cardiology consult did not comment on the need of reprogramming. One hour prior to the surgery, the anesthesia team was unable to locate the pacemaker on the chest wall. The Medtronic hotline was called, and the caregivers learned that the particular pacemaker is buried within the ventricular wall and is not responsive to an external magnet. Thus, the case was delayed and a cardiac electrophysiology team was contacted to reprogram the pacemaker to VOO (fixed ventricular pacing) mode. We suggest that the pacemaker can pose perioperative challenges due to its novelty, paucity of report, and guidelines.
Juror perceptions of the stereotypical violent crime defendant

Stereotypes and prejudice have been shown to bias information processing and decision-making. There are physical traits that are stereotypically associated with criminals (i.e. tattoos, dark skin-t...