cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Non-linearities and the representation of auditory spectra.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the effects of nonlinearities on frequency analysis, using neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) as an example. The physiological characteristics that make the principal cells of the DCN nonlinear are described, along with a weight–function model that allows description of nonlinearities in the DCN to second-order. The model is based on responses to noise stimuli with a wide variety of pseudorandom spectral shapes and explicitly separates frequency analysis from temporal response characteristics. The quality of the model is evaluated by its ability to predict the responses of DCN neurons to spectral shapes other than those used to derive the model. A second-order model performs well at this task in ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) and comparatively weaker in DCN. Similar to fibers, VCN neurons are dominated by a bandpass filtering operation, with the difference of showing more inhibitory response. These properties suggest that DCN neurons behave like feature detectors as opposed to AN fibers and VCN neurons, which are generalized spectrum analyzers. Despite their nonlinearity, DCN neurons encode approximately the same amount of information about the stimulus spectrum that VCN neurons do.
Game Theory in Economics

Game theory is an increasingly important tool to help economists understand the strategic interaction between groups of individual decision makers. Keywords: game theory; experimental economics; Nash equilibrium; incomplete information; rationalizable strategies
Inactivation of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing signal by human airway epithelia

Mammalian airways protect themselves from bacterial infection by using multiple defense mechanisms including antimicrobial peptides, mucociliary clearance, and phagocytic cells. We asked whether airways might also target a key bacterial cell-cell communication system, quorum-sensing. The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses two quorum-sensing molecules, N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (3OC12-HSL) and N-butanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL), to control production of extracellular virulence factors and biofilm formation. We found that differentiated human airway epithelia inactivated 3OC12-HSL. Inactivation was selective for acyl-HSLs with certain acyl side chains, and C4-HSL was not inactivated. In addition, the capacity for inactivation varied widely in different cell types. 3OC12-HSL was inactivated by a cell-associated activity rather than a secreted factor. These data suggest that the ability of human airway epithelia to inactivate quorum-sensing signal molecules could play a role in the innate defense against bacterial infection.
REMOVED: The EPR—a comprehensive design concept against external events

This article has been removed at the request of the author, consistent with Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal. Please see http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy
Solution of three-dimensional crack problems by a finite perturbation method

An incremental method is described for calculating stress intensity factors in arbitrarily shaped planar cracks subjected to a uniform remote stress. The method is based on recent work by Rice (J. appl. Mech. 52, 571, 1985; Fracture Mechanics : Perspectives and Directions (20th Symp.), ASTM-STP-1020. to appear. 1987), and gao and rice (Int. J. Fracture 33, 115, 1987a; J. appl. Mech. 54, 627, 1987b). who have developed a procedure for computing the variation in stress intensity factor caused by small changes in crack geometry. To date, this technique has only been used to calculate the effects of first-order perturbations in the shape of a crack. In this paper, the method is extended to arbitrarily large perturbations in geometry. Stress intensity factors are calculated by applying a succession of perturbations to a crack of some convenient initial geometry, such as a circular or a half-plane crack. Since this procedure reduces the analysis to evaluating repeatedly two integral equations defined only on the crack front, it has distinct advantages over other existing techniques. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated by calculating stress intensity factors for two test cases : an elliptical crack and a half-plane crack deforming into a prescribed sinusoidal shape of finite amplitude. As further examples of application of the method, solutions to the following problems are presented : a semi-infinite fatigue crack propagating through a particle; a semi-infinite crack trapped by a periodic array of tough particles ; and the unstable growth of a semiinfinite crack through material of decreasing toughness.
Mass transfer to rotating rods and plates

Abstract Experimental results are presented for the mass transfer to rotating rods and plates. Flow regimes and their effect on the mass transport are noted. A calculation procedure based on a cross-flow stationarycylinder analogy is presented and compared with the experimental data.
The Removal of a Psychosomatic Symptom: Effects on the Marriage

This study examined the effects on the marriages of twelve patients who underwent intestinal bypass surgery for extreme obesity. Marked conflict and disruption were observed. Most striking were changes in the areas of sexuality and dependence/independence parameters. The authors discuss the function of the symptom of obesity within these marital systems.
A short proof of the lexical addressing algorithm

Abstract The question of how to express binding relations, and in particular, of proving the correctness of lexical addressing techniques, has been considered primarily in the context of compiler correctness proofs. Here we consider the problem in isolation. We formulate the connections between three different treatments of variables in programming language semantics: the environment coding, the natural coding, and the lexical address coding (sometimes called the Frege coding, the Church coding, and the deBruijn coding, respectively). By considering the problem in isolation, we obtain shorter and clearer proofs. The natural coding seems to occupy a central place, and the other codings are proved equivalent by reference to it.
Determination of the energy gap in the acoustic excitation of a superlattice

Strong interlayer correlations generate a long-wavelength energy gap in the acoustic-excitation spectrum of a superlattice, whose magnitude is determined by the interlayer correlation function. We establish an iterative scheme for the calculation of the latter, starting from the well-known correlation function of the isolated two-dimensional electron layer. The gap size is displayed as a function of the layer-layer separation and of the coupling parameter within a layer.
Polypeptides of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus. III. Translational order of proteins on the gag and env gene specified precursor polypeptides.

Abstract Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV), the prototype D-type retrovirus, unlike most retroviruses, preassembles core structures in the cytoplasm of infected cells during morphogenesis. We have shown previously ( J. Bradac and E. Hunter, 1984 , Virology 138, 260–275) that M-PMV virions contain 5 gag-encoded polypeptides. In this report, the translational order of the proteins encoded on the gag and env genes of M-PMV has been determined by pactamycin mapping. The proposed order of the viral proteins on their respective precursors is env: NH2-gp85-gp20-COOH; gag: NH2-p10-pp24/pp16-p12-p27-p14000H. Myristic acid-labeled virions contained a single radioactive protein, p10, supporting the mapping of this molecule to the amino terminus. From these studies it is clear that M-PMV contains an unusual additional gag polypeptide, p12, for which no function has been assigned to date. A remarkable similarity exists in the size and organization of M-PMV and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) gag polypeptides; suggesting a common ancestor to these two viruses.
Selling Nature to save It? Biodiversity and Green Developmentalism

New supranational environmental institutions, including the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the ‘green’ World Bank, reflect attempts to regulate international flows of ‘natural capital’ by means of an approach I call ‘green developmentalism’. These institutions are sources of eco-development dollars and of a new ‘global’ discourse, a postneoliberal environmental-economic paradigm. By the logic of this paradigm, nature is constructed as a world currency and ecosystems arc recoded as warehouses of genetic resources for biotechnology industries. Nature would earn its own right to survive through international trade in ecosystem services and permits to pollute, access to tourism and research sites, and exports of timber, minerals, and intellectual property rights to traditional crop varieties and shamans' recipes. I contend that green developmentalism, with its promise of market solutions to environmental problems, is blunting the North-South disputes that have embroiled international environment...
A note on some properties of the hypergeometric function with the last argument unity

Abstract In this note some interrelationships between, and inequalities involving, the gamma and beta functions and the hyper geometric function with the last argument unity are established.
MapReduce-guided scalable compressed dictionary construction for evolving repetitive sequence streams

Users' repetitive daily or weekly activities may constitute user profiles. For example, a user's frequent command sequences may represent normative pattern of that user. To find normative patterns over dynamic data streams of unbounded length is challenging. For this, an unsupervised learning approach is proposed in our prior work by exploiting a compressed/quantized dictionary to model common behavior sequences. This work suffers scalability issues. Hence, in this paper, we propose and implement a MapReduce-based framework to construct a quantized dictionary. We show effectiveness of our distributed parallel solution on a benchmark dataset.
Amphipathic polyethylene glycol stabilized emulsions (o/w): Physical characterization and in vivo distribution

Injectable submicron oil-in-water emulsions have important potential as a carrier for hydrophobic drugs. Conventional formulations, however, using phosphatidylcholine (PC) either with or without co-emulsifiers cannot generally be used because of their fast elimination from the blood by the reticuloendothelial system. To overcome this obstacle, we have included the amphipathic molecules of polyethylene glycol derivatives of phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE) as a co-emulsifier into emulsions containing castor oil and phosphatidylcholine. Compared to the emulsions with phosphatidylcholine as the sole emulsifier or those with Tween 80 as the co-emulsifier, emulsions containing PEG-PE as a co-emulsifier of PC show a decreased liver uptake and increased blood circulation time in mice. Furthermore, they are much more stable than the conventional formulations as tested under various conditions. With superior stability and a prolonged circulation time in blood, emulsions containing amphipathic molecules of PEG may be useful for sustained release and targeted delivery of lipophilic drugs.
The Doppler Tuned Spectrometer A Precision Tool For High Z Atomic Physics

We have applied the technique of Doppler tuned spectroscopy, developed by Schmeider and Marrusl , to high Z, highly ionized atomic systems. Our Doppler spectrometer is tuned to the ~102 keV Lyman-alpha radiation in hydrogen-like uranium. This paper reviews this instrument. The systematic and random errors that are important for spectrometer accuracy are explained. Advantages of the Doppler technique in the high Z regime over crystal spectrometers are discussed. Preliminary results from a successful run at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) BEVALAC are presented.
Relationships between Personality and Social Structure in a Siamese Peasant Community

In 1954, in a paper now generally regarded as a milestone in the culture-personality literature, the sociologist Alex Inkeles and psychologist Daniel J. Levinson outlined an approach to cross-cultural psychological research in which they urged researchers to maintain, both theoretically and methodologically, a clear distinction between the typical personality characteristics of the people they were studying and the sociocultural system in which those people lived. Only by maintaining such a distinction, they noted, could the "interaction and reciprocal influence" of personality and sociocultural system be intelligently examined.
Examining Polish Market Mavens and Their Attitudes Toward Advertising

Abstract In this paper, we offer some insights about Polish consumers with varying levels of general marketplace expertise, their role in diffusing product information, and their views of advertising. Market mavens are consumers who exhibit heightened interestin and knowledge about the marketplace. Because of their interest in communicating with others about the many aspects of the marketplace, these consumers can play an integral role for companies interested in diffusing marketing information. Our study results indicate that market mavens do indeed exist in Poland and they exhibit similar characteristics to market mavens identified in the U.S. They have more favorable attitudes toward advertising than other consumers. Additionally, they consider advertising as an important source of product and social image information. Although Polish mavens are less critical of advertising being misleading and confusing, they are concerned about advertising promoting materialistic values. Our findings imply that firms...
Surgical correction of patientswith asymmetries

Facial asymmetry is quite common and, when sufficiently severe, can warrant surgical orthodontic intervention. The causes of facial asymmetry are numerous and can be generally classified as congenital, developmental, or subsequent to pathology or injury. A systematic and comprehensive examination, diagnosis, and treatment plan are requirements for successful correction of facial asymmetry. Several of the more common facial asymmetries presenting for treatment to the orthodontist and surgeon are discussed in this article. Some fundamental surgical and orthodontic principles for treating these deformities are described. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of a surgical and orthodontic approach to the evaluation and treatment of some of the more common facial asymmetries.
Investigation on the growth kinetics of KDP: LAP and TGS : LAP single crystals

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate KDP; (KH 2 PO 4) ) and triglycine sulfate TGS; (CH 2 NH 2 COOH.H 2 SO 4 ), are extensively studied ferroelectric materials, and find wide applications in electrooptic and infrared detecting devices respectively. L-arginine phosphate monohydrate (C 6 H 14 N 4 O 2 H 3 PO 4 .H 2 O), abbreviated as LAP, is a highly transparent monoclinic crystal with attractive properties for efficient frequency conversion of infrared lasers. Effects of doping KDP and TGS crystals with LAP are investigated. It was found in both cases that LAP affects the growth morphology and other properties. The properties of resulting crystals in terms of growth morphology, optical and mechanical properties are presented and discussed.
A Plea for Virtue in Ethics.

Comments on the original article, "Nonrational processes in ethical decision making" by M. D. Rogerson et al (see record 2011-19198-001). The current authors suggest that Rogerson, Gottlieb, Handelsman, Knapp, and Younggren (October 2011) presumed that the only ethical theories available for grounding decision-making models are of the rational, neoliberal variety. Rogerson et al stated, "Contextual, interpersonal, and intuitive factors are inextricably linked and inexorably influential in the process of ethical decision making. Ethical theory would benefit from encompassing these subtle yet powerful forces" (Rogerson et al., 2011, p. 616). They sought to augment these models with a cluster of contextual considerations, appending to them accounts of emotion, context, and intuition. First, notwithstanding the theories attributed to (the caricature of) Kant and his ilk, there are several ethical theories that include an account of what Rogerson et al. (2011) consider to be "nonrational" processes. From feminist theories to narrative ethics, sophisticated contextual theories have been developed and are readily available. Second, we question whether thick contextual considerations can simply be tacked on to extant models of decision making originally built upon a philosophical foundation that assumes a rational, autonomous agent who deliberates independently and logically.
Combination therapy targeting cancer metabolism

Cancer cells undergo significant metabolic adaptation. Cellular transformation enhances both glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration efficiency through the induction of HIF-1α and HIF-2α. In this process, energy production and synthesis of macromolecules are maximized with minimal ROS accumulation. Furthermore, a series of antioxidant enzymes are induced to mitigate the damaging effects of ROS. Examination of these metabolic changes provides rationale for a synergistic approach to combination anti-cancer therapy; targeted inhibition of HIF and inhibition of cellular defenses against oxidative stress.
Uranyl acetate-induced sensorimotor deficit and increased nitric oxide generation in the central nervous system in rats

We investigated the effects of uranyl acetate on sensorimotor behavior, generation of nitric oxide and the central cholinergic system of rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with intramuscular injection of 0.1 and 1 mg/kg uranyl acetate in water, daily for 7 days. Control animals received equivalent amount of water. The treatment was stopped after the seventh injection because the animals in the 1-mg/kg group appeared lethargic. The animals were maintained for an additional observation period of 30 days. The study was initiated as a dose-finding study that covered doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg, as well. However, all the animals in the 100-mg/kg treatment group died after the third and fourth injections, and all animals given 10 mg/kg died after the fifth and sixth injections. On Day 30 following the cessation of treatment, the sensorimotor functions of the animals in the 0.1- and 1-mg/kg treatment groups were evaluated using a battery of tests that included measurements of postural reflexes, limb placing, orientation to vibrissae touch, grip time, beam walking and inclined plane performance. The animals were sacrificed the same day and the cerebral cortex, brainstem, cerebellum and midbrain were dissected. The levels of nitric oxide as marker for increased oxidative stress, and the integrity of the cholinergic system as reflected in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and m2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors ligand binding, were determined. The data from behavioral observations show that there was a dose-related deficit at the 0.1- and 1-mg/kg treatment groups for inclined plane performance. Both doses reduced grip time, but there was no significant difference between the two doses. Similarly, both beam-walk score and beam-walk time were impaired at both doses as compared with the controls. A significant increase in nitric oxide was seen at 0.1 mg/kg dose in cortex and midbrain, whereas brainstem and cerebellum showed an insignificant decrease at both the doses. Similarly, there was no significant change in nitric oxide levels in kidneys and liver of the treated animals as compared with the controls. There was a significant increase in AChE activity in the cortex of the animals treated with 1 mg/kg uranyl acetate, but not in other brain regions. Ligand binding densities for the m2 muscarinic receptor did not show any change. These results show that low-dose, multiple exposure to uranyl acetate caused prolonged neurobehavioral deficits after the initial exposure has ceased.
More Application while Less Appreciation: The Adopters and Antagonists of MPLP

In the five years since its publication, “More Product, Less Process” (MPLP) has received a great deal of attention within the archival community and this interest has more recently emerged in library and museum communities as well. In this article the MPLP authors reflect on the impact of MPLP among its adopters and its critics, examine some common misperceptions, and assess its growing impact within non-archival communities.
XRecent advances in canola oil hydrogenations

Rapeseed oil has been the source of edible oils in many parts of the world. In the last decade, Canadian plant breeders have developed new rapeseed cultivars which yield oil low in erucic acid and meal low in glucosinolates. These cultivars were named “canola” by the Canadian rapeseed industry. Literature on the hydrogenation characteristics of canola oil is limited; however, in recent years, several aspects of canola oil hydrogenations with commercial nickel catalysts have been reported including the formation ofrans-isomers, trisaturated glycerides and physical properties. In addition, as the methods for determination of sulfur compounds in canola oil developed, the effect of some isothiocyanates on the hydrogenation rate was further investigated to determine the relative catalyst poisoning ability of serveral of these sulfur compounds. However, during the last few years, most of the efforts were directed towards development of novel, selective and active catalysts for canola oil hydrogenations. These studies cover a wide range of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts including sulfur poisoned nickel, gold supported on silica, arene-Cr(CO)3, RuCl2(CO)2(PPh3)2, palladium on carbon, palladium black and nickel and arene-Cr(CO)3 mixtures. Effects of temperature, pressure, catalyst concentration and catalyst preparation procedure on the hydrogenation rate, selectivity, catalyst life and quality of the oil were examined and compared with that of commercial nickel catalysts. A brief discussion about continous hydrogenations of canola oil with commerical fixed bed catalysts is also included.
Newer options for treating drug-resistant (MDR+) cancer cells using photoradiation therapy.

Emergence of drug resistance with conventional cytotoxic therapy is a major challenge towards the curability of many cancers, especially in patients undergoing autologous BMT with ex-vivo purged hematopoietic support. We have explored the potential role of photoradiation therapy in purging hematopoietic stem cells of various hematological malignancies. Benzoporphyrin derivative, monoacid ring A (BPD-MA), dihematoporphyrin ether (DHE), and MC-540 were evaluated for the “ex-vivo” purging of residual tumor cells from autologous bone marrow (BM) grafts. BPD-MA and DHE photosensitizing activity was tested against two human large cell lymphoma cell lines and colony forming-unit leukemia (CFU-L) derived from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). In mixing experiments four log elimination of tumor cell lines was observed after 1 hr of incubation with BPD-MA or DHE followed by white light exposure. By comparison, using the same concentration of BPD-MA or DHE, the mean recovery of normal BM progenitors wa...
SU-E-T-443: Dosimetric Verification for Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) with Gating

Purpose: To establish a dose verification technique to evaluate the fidelity of gated VMAT delivery under a clinic‐relevant range of simulated periodic breathing. Methods: A Varian TrueBeam system and VMAT plans for three cancer patients (lung, pancreas and abdominal metastasis) were used in this study. Each patient plan was delivered four times, namely, once without gating and then with gating to a single open‐gate window (25%–70% phase cycle) for three simulated respiratory periods (3, 4.5 and 6 seconds). After that, trajectory log‐files that record actual delivery parameters of the system during treatment were retrieved. MLC leaf positions, gantry angles and cumulative MUs for each control point were extracted from the log‐files and used to reconstitute the DICOM‐radiotherapy plan file. This file was then imported into the Eclipse treatment planning system and dose was recalculated on the planning CT of the patient, as well as on the corresponding hybrid verification plans. An ion chamber array, PTW‐Seven29 was used as an independent method to verify the reconstructed dose. Gamma‐index analyses, maximum, minimum and mean doses, and dose‐volume histograms were compared to evaluate the fidelity of gated VMAT delivery under clinic‐relevant respiratory conditions. Results: Comparison of Seven29 measurements with and without gating showed agreement with 100% passing rate for standard 3%/3mm criteria. Reconstructed dose of deliveries with gating for the simulated respiratory periods was essentially identical with the original plan. Gamma‐index passing rates between the original and reconstituted plans and between the original plans and Seven29 measurements of gated deliveries were 100% and 91.7%–98.3%, respectively. Conclusions: A dose verification technique was demonstrated for respiratory‐gated VMAT delivery. This technique showed that under clinical operation, the TrueBeam system faithfully realized VMAT plans with gated delivery. This methodology affords a useful tool for dosimetric assessment of the newly available respiratory‐gated VMAT.
Current perspectives in intronic micro RNAs (miRNAs)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small single-stranded regulatory RNAs capable of interfering with intracellular messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that contain either complete or partial complementarity, are useful for the design of new therapies against cancer polymorphism and viral mutation. Numerous miRNAs have been reported to induce RNA interference (RNAi), a post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism. Intronic miRNAs, derived from introns by RNA splicing and Dicer processing, can interfere with intracellular mRNAs to silence that gene expression. The intronic miRNAs differ uniquely from previously described intergenic miRNAs in the requirement of type II RNA polymerases (Pol-II) and spliceosomal components for its biogenesis. Several kinds of intronic miRNAs have been identified in Caenorhabditis elegans, mouse and human cells; however, neither their function nor application has been reported. To this day, the computer searching program for miRNA seldom include the intronic portion of protein-coding RNAs. The functional significance of artificially generated intronic miRNAs has been successfully ascertained in several biological systems such as zebrafishes, chicken embryos and adult mice, indicating the evolutionary preservation of this gene regulation system in vivo. Multiple miRNAs can be generated from the same cluster of introns; however, non-homologous miRNAs may have different targets and functions while homologous miRNA may be derived from different intronic clusters. Taken together, the model of intronic miRNA-mediated transgenic animals provides a tool to investigate the mechanism of miRNA-associated diseases in vivo and will shed light on miRNA-related therapies.
Cleaning of solid behenic acid residue from stainless‐steel surfaces

A rotating disk apparatus was used to study the removal of C14 labeled docosanoic (behenic) acid from stainless steel. The liquid cleaning behavior was studied as a function of temperature, surface morphology, and fluid flow. A mass-transfer model was proposed to describe the removal of behenic acid from stainless steel using a rotating disk apparatus. The cleaning rates computed from the mass-transfer model were compared with experimental observations; it was found that at low temperatures the removal was a function of rotation speed. At higher temperatures, however, the removal rate was independent of the disk rotation speed. In some cases the predicted rate of behenic acid removal differed significantly from the observed data. A plausible explanation for these variations is that the residues are removed by the combined effects of dissolution and the shearing of large clusters of solid behenic acid crystals. The temperature-dependent behavior of the cleaning data was analyzed using an activation-energy-based model.
Structural dynamics of shroudless, hollow fan blades with composite in-lays

Structural and dynamic analyses are presented for a shroudless, hollow titanium fan blade proposed for future use in aircraft turbine engines. The blade was modeled and analyzed using the composite blade structural analysis computer program (COBSTRAN); an integrated program consisting of mesh generators, composite mechanics codes, NASTRAN, and pre- and post-processors. Vibration and impact analyses are presented. The vibration analysis was conducted with COBSTRAN. Results show the effect of the centrifugal force field on frequencies, twist, and blade camber. Bird impact analysis was performed with the multi-mode blade impact computer program. This program uses the geometric model and modal analysis from the COBSTRAN vibration analysis to determine the gross impact response of the fan blades to bird strikes. The structural performance of this blade is also compared to a blade of similar design but with composite in-lays on the outer surface. Results show that the composite in-lays can be selected (designed) to substantially modify the mechanical performance of the shroudless, hollow fan blade.
Pollen and spore assemblages from the Falla Formation (Upper Triassic), Central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica

Abstract Palynofloral assemblages consisting of forty-four pollen and spore species assignable to thirty-six form genera were recovered from shales and coals of the lower part of the Falla Formation (Upper Triassic) from Mount Falla in the Central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica. The assemblages are of the Ipswich type that has been reported from the higher paleolatitudes of Gondwana. Correlation with southern Victoria Land, southern Australia, Tasmania, and Queensland supports a Late Triassic (Carnian/Norian) age for this assemblage. These samples contain diagnostic taxa from subzone C and one species from subzone D of the informal Alisporites zone of Kyle. Our samples also correlate with the lower part of De Jersey's Polycingulatisporites crenulatus Assemblage Zone from Queensland. Systematic comments are provided for all species, including four new combinations. Seven species are reported from the Upper Triassic of Antarctica for the first time.
Gender and nationality in Iurii Kuzin's The Ark

AbstractIurii Kuzin's film The Ark/Kovcheg (2003) makes an important contribution to recent cinematic discourse on gender in post-Soviet Russia. The film puts forth the main characters, the Skipper and Katia, as an alternative to the violent or westernized visions of gender relations seen in other contemporary films. When the film ends happily, the viewer sees the Skipper and Katia together in a relationship that has much in common with older, more patriarchal versions of the family, but in which the feminine character has a voice and identity. For Kuzin, the questions of gender and nationality are inseparable: the film explicitly rejects western feminist views of women, as embodied by the Skipper's first wife, Ket. He similarly dismisses western materialist culture, which in the film is centred in Moscow. Kuzin gives depth to the meaning of the film by referring directly to a range of texts, including other contemporary films, Jean Vigo's L'Atalante and Pablo Picasso's Girl on a Ball.
Low-altitude atmospheric turbulence characteristics at Mt. Wilson Observatory

Previous measurements of atmospheric density fluctuations have shown that a substantial fraction of seeing fluctuations occur within 100 feet of the ground, and that the power spectrum of path length fluctuations through the atmosphere has a somewhat smaller slope than that predicted by the Kolmogorov-Taylor approximation. To provide some possibility of appreciable path-length corrections, the ISI has assembled a system capable of measuring temperature changes at fifteen foot intervals of heights up to 70 feet from the ground. Analysis of temperature measurements made under a variety of conditions confirms previous results concerning the decrease in the magnitude of the fluctuations with altitude near the ground: the rms magnitude of the temperature fluctuations at an elevation of 70 feet is, on average, 52% of the mean rms value at 9 feet. However, these new measurements made at point locations show a power spectrum close to the Kolmogorov-Taylor prediction at frequenices up to 1.0 Hz, for average wind speeds above 2 m/s. In addition, correlation analysis between sensors located at the same elevation but separated by a given distance shows up to 50% correlation out to separations as large as 24 meters with wind speeds of a few meters per second, and indicate that Taylor's approximation applies over spatial distances in the range of 24 - 85 meters, or on timescales as large as ten seconds, and perhaps as large as 14 or 15 seconds. This makes path length corrections possible by temperature measurements at nearby locations.
Dielectric constant and current transport for HfO 2 thin films on ITO

The dielectric constant and leakage current mechanisms for HfO2 thin films deposited on indium–tin–oxide using reactive rf sputtering deposition were examined. Indium–tin–oxide was selected as the bottom metal as it is of interest as an electrode in transparent field-effect transistor development. The dielectric constant of HfO2 films was approximately 20 and did not vary significantly with deposition conditions. Temperature-dependent leakage current measurements indicate that Schottky emission is the dominant transport mechanism in films deposited at low temperature and/or low oxygen pressure. The HfO2/indium–tin–oxide barrier height was extracted to be ∼1.1±0.2 eV. Films deposited at high temperature and/or oxygen pressure deviate from the Schottky emission model, presumably due to the formation of polycrystalline material with grain boundary conduction.
Diversity-Based Design of Synthetic Gene Networks with Desired Functions

Constructing predictable gene networks with desired functions remains hampered by the lack of well-characterized components and the fact that assembled networks often require extensive, iterative retrofitting for optimization. Here we present an approach where network components are synthesized with random sequences incorporated into their design, giving rapid parallel production of component libraries with inherent diversity. When coupled with in silico modeling, libraries present a choice of characterized parts for gene network design, and those optimal for the desired function can be selected for network assembly, without the need for post-hoc tweaking. We validated our approach in yeast (S.cerevisiae) by synthesizing a regulatory promoter library and using it to construct negative feedforward loop networks with different, desired input-output characteristics. We then implemented the method to produce a synthetic gene network that acts as a timer, tunable by component choice. We utilize this network to control the timing of the yeast flocculation phenotype, which is crucial to brewing, illustrating a practical application of our approach.
Developmental Patterns in Numbers of Ramal Segments of Copepod Post-Maxillipedal Legs

Les changements dans le nombre des articles des rames des pattes post-maxillipediennes au cours du developpement ont ete releves chez 185 genres de copepodes, d'apres la litterature. Un modele commun de developpement pour les pattes 1-4 a ete identifie chez 31 genres appartenant a 17 familles rangees dans 5 des 9 ordres. Des modeles differents de developpement conduisant a des nombres similaires d'articles, convergences de developpement, sont releves, alors que des reductions du nombre de ces articles sont constatees parmi des genres repartis en 5 ordres. L'apparition et le developpement des pattes post-maxillipediennes des copepodes suggerent des similarites avec les structures homeotiques des autres Arthropodes. La prise en compte des convergences de developpement et de reduction dans un modele homeotique peut compliquer l'usage des sequences des nombres d'articles des rames en tant que series de transformation dans les analyses phylogenetiques.
Artificial Neural Networks in Remote Sensing of Hydrologic Processes

Recent progress in remote sensing technologies, coupled with ongoing and planned remote sensing missions is expected to generate hydrologic data at spatial, temporal, and spectral resolutions never previously available. Artificial neural networks (ANNs), although at early stages of hydrologic applications, are rapidly becoming an attractive tool to characterize, model, and predict complex multisource remotely sensed hydrologic data. We review and examine the utility of ANNs for hydrologic applications, with particular emphasis on remote sensing of precipitation, soil moisture, and multisource land surface data. In addition to more popularly used multilayer feedforward networks, we review recurrent neural networks for prediction and self-organization neural networks for spatial characterization of heterogeneous land surface processes.
Characterization of analyte absorption profiles in a power-amplitude modulated inductively coupled argon plasma

Abstract Analyte absorption profiles were generated using a square wave power-amplitude modulated inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Atomic absorption was achieved by the coaxial orientation of the ICP torch along the optical axis of the spectrometer. Incident radiation, from a hollow cathode lamp, was passed through the sample introduction channel of the torch and through the central channel of the plasma. Modulation frequencies investigated were 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100 Hz. The magnitudes of the square wave power step were 50, 150, 250, 400, 500, 650, 850, 950 W from a steady state power level of 1500 W. Three absorbance maxima were observed between 2 and 15 ms after the decrease in the applied forward power. These maxima are suggested to be dependent on the analyte, changes in radial gas dynamics and changes in linear gas velocity. The calculated absorbance, from integrating over the 2–15 ms time period, was shown to return values comparable to those taken at the peak maxima but with improved precision and accuracy.
Rape Myth Beliefs and Bystander Attitudes Among Incoming College Students

Abstract Objective: The bystander approach to rape prevention is gaining popularity on college campuses, although research is limited. This study explored bystander attitudes and their relationship with rape myths in a sample of college students. Participants: Surveys from 2,338 incoming undergraduate students at a large, northeastern university were analyzed. Methods: Participants completed revised versions of the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale and the Bystander Attitude Scale. Results: A higher acceptance of rape myths was reported by males, those pledging a fraternity/sorority, athletes, those without previous rape education, and those who did not know someone sexually assaulted. A greater willingness to intervene as a bystander was reported by females, those who had previous rape education, and those who knew someone sexually assaulted. Acceptance of rape myths was negatively related to willingness to intervene. Conclusions: Bystander intervention programs should include content on rape myths as ...
Web-based care: a new paradigm in hypertension management?

Beverly B Green, MD, MPH, is a practicing family doctor and preventive care specialist at Group Health Cooperative, a large Seattle-based health plan. She is also an affiliate investigator at the Group Health Center for Health Studies, conducting health services research with a focus on cardiovascular disease and cancer screening. She is the primary investigator for a NIH-funded grant awarded to the Group Health Center for Health Studies, testing whether home blood pressure monitoring, secure messaging and pharmacist care improves hypertension control. Dr Green has over 20 years of experience in the development and implementation of evidence-based guidelines, including guidelines on nutrition, exercise, obesity, hypertension, colon, breast and prostate cancer screening, and osteoporosis. She has authored several papers and book chapters on physical activity, obesity and healthy lifestyle change. She received the Glenn Hartquist Award in 1999, awarded to the Group Health physician who has contributed the m...
Outcome of Carotid Endarterectomy Performed at a Community Medical Center

From 1990 to 1992 there was a 43% increase in the number of carotid endarterectomies (CEAs) performed at our institution. Not coincidentally the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial study was published in August 1991. To determine whether CEAs could be performed safely at community medical centers, records of 181 consecutive CEAs performed during a 30-month period at a suburban community medical center were reviewed. CEAs were performed by 14 surgeons: six vascular, three thoracic, and five general surgeons. Among all patients 87% had lesions with ≥70% stenosis. Seventy percent of CEAs were performed on symptomatic patients, 84% of whom had stenoses ≥70%. Among asymptomatic patients 96% had stenoses ≥70%. There were five instances of neurologic complications in the perioperative period—two transient ischemic attacks, two reversible ischemic neurologic deficits, and one permanent neurologic deficit. One patient died. The mortality rate was 0.6%, the combined major stroke/mortality rate was 1.2%, and the any stroke/mortality rate was 2.2%. There were five patients with nonfatal major complications — one with myocardial infarction, one with pulmonary edema, one with congestive heart failure, and two with postoperative arrhythmia. Thirteen minor complications included eight cases of cranial nerve dysfunction. These data demonstrate that CEAs can be performed safely at community medical centers.
Externalities in the Fragmented Metropolis Local Institutional Choices and the Efficiency–Equity Trade-Off

A highly fragmented system of local governance represents a market-like arrangement in which competition among service providers benefits citizen-consumers by improving the efficiency of local public service delivery. Yet, the local public market can also fail, producing negative outcomes for some communities and their residents. Because fragmentation can have differential impacts on the welfare of different groups of citizens—benefiting others and harming some—the organization of the local public sector raises important equity questions. This research focuses on the negative outcomes or externalities generated by local government fragmentation, specifically urban sprawl and spatial economic segregation. The results of the empirical analysis suggest that the design of the local public sector structure involves a trade-off between efficiency and equity.
Monitoring the effects of gulf stream meanders and eddys on the New England fishing grounds

Infrared imagery from satellites has been widely applied for tracking Gulf Stream meanders and eddies and determining their effects on surrounding waters. Because these oceanographic features are a major source of environmental variability in the Slope Water region adjacent to the continental shelf of New England and the Middle Atlantic States, the National Marine Fisheries Service has started a program to monitor their effects on the fishing grounds. Known effects are direct warming of the bottom on the outer shelf and upper slope, injection of warm water onto the shelf, entrainment of water off the shelf, and increases in currents. Because satellite imagery is limited to the sea surface, effective monitoring often requires concurrent shipboard observations of subsurface conditions.
Ratcheting and wrinkling of tubes due to axial cycling under internal pressure: Part I experiments

Under compression, pressurized tubes thick enough to deform plastically buckle into an axisymmetric wrinkling mode. The wrinkle amplitude is initially small but with persistent compression grows inducing a gradual reduction in axial rigidity and eventually causing a limit load instability, which is followed by collapse. The onset of buckling and collapse can be separated by a strain level of a few percent. This work investigates whether a tube that develops small-amplitude wrinkles can be subsequently collapsed by persistent axial cycling. Part I presents the results from a set of experiments on super-duplex tubes with D/t of 28.5 loaded as follows. A tube is pressurized and then compressed into the plastic range to a level that initiates wrinkling. It is then cycled under stress control about a compressive mean stress while the pressure is kept constant. The combined loads cause simultaneous ratcheting in the hoop and axial directions as well as a gradual growth of the wrinkles. At some stage the amplitude of the wrinkles starts to grow exponentially with the number of cycles N leading to localization and collapse. The rate of ratcheting and the number of cycles to collapse depend on the initial compressive pre-strain, the internal pressure, and the stress cycle parameters all of which were varied sufficiently to generate an adequate data base. Interestingly, in all cases collapse was found to occur when the accumulated average strain reached the value at which the tube localizes under monotonic compression. A shell model coupled to a specially calibrated plasticity model that can reproduce the biaxial ratcheting exhibited in the problem are presented in Part II. The model is first evaluated by comparison to the experiments and then used to study parametrically cyclic loading histories seen in buried pipelines.
Using solvent effects to guide the design of a CL-20 cocrystal

Co-crystallization of the high energy material CL-20 and triphenylphosphine oxide yields a 1 : 2 cocrystal in which CL-20 molecules adopt two different low energy conformations. Hydrogen bonding interactions between the H atoms on the isowurtzitane cage and phosphine oxide are consistent with solvent effects seen in previous crystal growth studies.
Quantitative measurements of the extent of phase separation during and after polymerization in polymer composites using DSC

Abstract Relatively few reports are available in the open literature that describe the manner in which one can extract quantitative information on the extent of phase mixing in polymer composites from differential scanning calorimetry. Such mixing can come from natural interfaces between the individual polymers or from kinetically frozen polymers produced during reaction processing operations used to create the composite. In this paper we demonstrate the detailed, quantitative assessment of the mass distributions of pure and mixed state polymers in the composite sample. The most useful way to display the data from the DSC is to plot the temperature derivative of the heat capacity as a function of the temperature during the test. Here it is necessary to properly assess the baseline through the entire thermal transition and to accurately describe the shape of the “peaks” representing pure and mixed materials. We have found that the full thermal transition (as viewed through dCp/dT versus T curves) is not symmetrical about the glass transition temperature and can be very closely represented by Gaussian and Cauchy distribution functions in the rubbery and the glassy regions, respectively. Here we describe an approach developed to quantify the mass distributions of the pure and mixed states polymers in a sample using DSC data. Several polymer composite samples derived from emulsion polymerization are analyzed in detail to demonstrate the utility of the approach.