cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RAT AND HUMAN SURFACTANT ASSOCIATED APOPROTEINS

Top of pageAbstract Apo-protein(s) have been demonstrated in surfactant material from mammalian species. We have used immunologic probes to detect and characterize proteins from alveolar wash from adult rat and from amniotic fluid (human) and lung lavage from adult humans. Antibodies were generated with both surfactants which recognize Mr 35-37,000 (Apo A) and Mr 28,000 (after sulphydryl reduction). Anti sera were species specific. Apoproteins were analyzed by (SDS-PAGE) and 2-D, isoelectric focusing (IEF-PAGE) followed by transblot to nitrocellulose and immunoperoxidase labelled with the species specific antibodies. Rat Apo A is acidic pI 4.4-4.8 with 6 immunoreactive species at 37,000 and 3 at 35,000. Antisera stained Type II cells, primarily labelling lamellar bodies. An ELISA assay was used to quantitate apoprotein in rat lung (18d gestation to adulthood). Apoproteins were first detected by 20d gestation, dramatically increasing at 21d gestation. Apoprotein (A) obtained from human samples also migrated with Mr 35-37,000, isoelectric point similar to the rat, pI 4.4-4.8. The more acidic species were more prominent in rat than in the human apoprotein at Mr 37,000. Charge heterogeneity of apo A's suggests that there is significant post-translational alteration of these molecules, likely related to glycosylation or other co-valent modification. Rat apoproteins are first expressed in late gestation in the rat. While structurally similar (pI and mol wt) there are major immunologic differences between human and rat surfactant apoproteins.
Sauron: embedded single-camera sensing of printed physical user interfaces

3D printers enable designers and makers to rapidly produce physical models of future products. Today these physical prototypes are mostly passive. Our research goal is to enable users to turn models produced on commodity 3D printers into interactive objects with a minimum of required assembly or instrumentation. We present Sauron, an embedded machine vision-based system for sensing human input on physical controls like buttons, sliders, and joysticks. With Sauron, designers attach a single camera with integrated ring light to a printed prototype. This camera observes the interior portions of input components to determine their state. In many prototypes, input components may be occluded or outside the viewing frustum of a single camera. We introduce algorithms that generate internal geometry and calculate mirror placements to redirect input motion into the visible camera area. To investigate the space of designs that can be built with Sauron along with its limitations, we built prototype devices, evaluated the suitability of existing models for vision sensing, and performed an informal study with three CAD users. While our approach imposes some constraints on device design, results suggest that it is expressive and accessible enough to enable constructing a useful variety of devices.
Direct photocapture of bromodomains using tropolone chemical probes

Medicinal chemistry techniques, including structure-based molecular design, fragment replacement and synthetic library enablement, were used to create potent inhibitors of bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) and CREB bindingprotein bromodomains. One inhibitor featured the homoaromatic tropolone methyl ether motif as a mimic of acetyl lysine, as confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The intrinsic photoreactivity of the tropone fragment was harnessed successfully to directly photolabel recombinant bromodomains which inspired further development of a clickable probe to assess BRD4 target engagement by (+)-JQ1 as a representative BET inhibitor in a complex proteome. The antimitoticnatural productcolchicine and related natural products that contain the tropolone ring system were also found to be bromodomain inhibitors, and surprisingly, our probe was shown to photolabel tubulin. These results highlight the caution that should be exercised when considering the selectivity of pharmacological agents, and photoreactive chemical probes should be assessed for their intrinsic ability to directly label their biological targets with a view to creating useful chemoproteomic tools.
BRINGING GENDER AND RACE IN:: U.S. Employment Discrimination Policy

When passed, the Equal Pay Act and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act established two distinct views of employment discrimination and two different enforcement structures—one aimed at sex and the other at race discrimination. To explain this bifurcated approach to employment discrimination, it is necessary to examine not only social class but also gender and race relations. Sex and race discrimination bills addressed some of the problems of postwar capitalism in the United States. At the same time, however, the bifurcated discrimination policy enforced women's dependence on men in families. But it did this differently for white men than it did for men of color.
Developing rat Purkinje cells are more vulnerable to alcohol-induced depletion during differentiation than during neurogenesis

Abstract This study compared the extent of cerebellar Purkinje cell depletion induced by administering alcohol to rats during two temporally distinct periods of Purkinje cell development-neurogenesis and early differentiation. One group received alcohol (5 g/kg/day) during and shortly after Purkinje cell neurogenesis (gestational days 13–18) via oral intubation of pregnant dams. A second group received alcohol (2.5 g/kg/day) during early Purkinje cell differentiation (postnatal days 4–9) via artificial rearing of pups. The two alcohol treatment protocols were designed to match the cyclic daily blood alcohol profiles of the two groups as closely as possible. Pair-fed intubated controls, artificially reared gastrostomy controls, and normally reared ad lib/suckle controls were also evaluated. Mean peak blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) were 266 mg/dl for the intubated pregnant dams and 205 mg/dl for the pups exposed postnatally. Purkinje cell profiles were counted from single, 2-μm-thick midsaggital sections on postnatal day 10. Alcohol exposure during neurogenesis resulted in no significant change in Purkinje cell profile densities. Exposure during differentiation produced significant reductions in Purkinje cell profile densities, predominantly in the early maturing regions of the vermis (lobules I–IV and IX–X). These results indicate that Purkinje cells are more vulnerable to alcohol-induced population depletion during differentiation than during neurogenesis.
Rippler: Delay Injection for Service Dependency Detection

In this paper, we design a new application-independent active approach for detecting dependencies among services. We present a traffic watermarking approach with arbitrarily low false positives and easy applicability. We provide statistical tests for detecting watermarked flows, and we compute the false positive and false negative rates of these tests both analytically and experimentally. Furthermore, we implemented the proposed watermarking system (Rippler) in a small university lab network. We ran our system for four months and detected 38 dependencies among 54 services. Finally, we compared the efficiency of our approach against three previous systems by testing them on this real-world network data.
Focus and Presupposition in Dynamic Interpretation

Structured meanings have evolved as a well-suited tool to describe the semantics of focus constructions. In this paper, the A. will show how structured meanings can be combined with a framework of dynamic interpretation that allows for a cogent expression of anaphoric relations and presuppositions
Factors associated with therapists' involvement in children's transition to preschool.

We identified factors associated with occupational therapists� involvement as children receiving early intervention services transition into preschool. A survey was sent to members of the American Occupational Therapy Association�s School System Special Interest Section. The highest ranked factor for respondents in early intervention was understanding their role (mean [M]= 4.96, standard deviation [SD] = 1.26, n = 78) and for respondents in preschool programs it was having preschool staff value their participation (M = 4.84, SD = 1.46, n = 248). Preschool occupational therapists� relationship with early intervention providers, employer-based supports, and knowledge of the transition process were significantly associated with their involvement in two transition planning areas: collaboration with early intervention programs (p < .001) and family support (p < .001). Findings suggest that practices that enhance relationships among programs influence occupational therapist involvement. Implications for formal training to support involvement in the transition process are discussed
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) content of rat striatum: modification by drugs and lesions.

Summary Two hours after injection, d -amphetamine sulfate (10 mg/kg, i.p.) lowered thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) levels in rat striatum by 50%, but produced no significant changes in the TRH contents of hypothalamus, septum, brain stem or preoptic area. The effect peaked 2 h after amphetamine injection and declined slowly thereafter. The amphetamine-induced decrease in striatal TRH could be blocked by pretreatment with haloperidol or α-methyltyrosine, or by production of a 6-hydroxydopamine lesion in the ipsilateral substantia nigra. Amphetamine did not act by inhibiting protein synthesis in as much as cycloheximide did not similarly decrease striatal TRH. Kainic acid injected into the striatum lowered TRH by 30% after 5 days. In contrast, partial deafferentation of the striatum (by cerebral hemitransection at mid-hypothalamic level) increased striatal TRH 2–3-fold, while lesions of the dorsal raphe did not significantly change striatal TRH. Thus TRH levels in rat striatum are closely regulated by dopaminergic and other neurotransmitter systems.
Relative ultrasonic amplification in vapor-phase grown zinc oxide crystals

The construction operation, and relative gain of an ultrasonic amplifier using a vapor-phase grown zinc oxide crystal as the amplifying medium is described. The mode of operation was compressional. The desired operational resistivity (∼ 104ohm ċ cm) was obtained at 173°K. Maximum relative gain was about 52 dB/cm.
Local anesthethic blockade of Ca2+-mediated action potentials in cardiac muscle

Abstract The effects of local anesthetic agents (lidocaine, procaine, cocaine) and diphenylhydantoin (DPH) were studied on the slow electrical responses induced by isoproterenol or caffeine in cardiac muscle preparations rendered inexcitabe by tetrodotoxin (TTX) or by partial depolarization with elevated K + (26 mM). In such inexcitable cells, we previously demonstrated that addition of some positive inotropic agents, such as catecholamines, histamine, and methylxanthines, rapidly increase the number of available slow Ca 2+ Na + channels, thus allowing slowly rising electrical responses resembling the plateau component of the cardiac action potential. In embryonic chick (16–20-day-old) myocardial cells (ventricular) studied as intact perfused hearts or as reaggregated cell cultures of trypsin-dispersed cells, high concentrations (10 −3 M) of all the above drugs blocked the induced slow responses with their associated contractions; low concentrations (10 −5 M) of these agents reduce the maximal rate of rise (+Vmax) of the slow responses and depressed the contractions. For comparison with their effects on the slow response, the actions of these drugs on the normal action potential were also studied. As with the slow response, all of these drugs depressed the rate of rise of the action potential (10 −4 M) or blocked it at higher concentrations (10 −3 M); in contrast, low concentrations (10 −5 M) of lidocaine and DPH increased +Vmax. These findings suggest that local anesthetics, which interact with the lipid phase of the cell membrane, lead to blockade of the slow Ca 2+ Na + channels as well as of the fast Na + channels in the myocardial sarcolemma.
Two “Wild-Type” Variants of Escherichia coli σ70: Context-Dependent Effects of the Identity of Amino Acid 149

The identity of amino acid 149 of Escherichia coli ςsgr;70 has been reported variably as either arginine or aspartic acid. We show that the behavior of both a region 1.2 deletion and a single-amino-acid substitution at position 122 are greatly affected by the identity of amino acid 149.
Chromosome numbers in callirhoe (Malvaceae)

Forty-four chromosome counts from the North American genusCallirhoe are reported, including first-recorded counts ofC. alcaeoides, C. digitata, C. bushii, C. triangulata, andC. involucrata var.tenuissima. Information concerning chromosome numbers from present and previous reports is summarized and evaluated. Observations are presented on meiosis for the genus in general, for male sterile individuals of gynodioecious species, and for selected F1 hybrids. Pollen fertility data are recorded for the latter. Chromosomally three species groups are recognized: an exinvolucellate, diploid species group withn=14; an involucellate, tetraploid and octoploid species pair,n=28 and 56; and an involucellate, diploid and tetraploid species group withn=15 and 30. Intrageneric relationships and those within the tribe Malveae subtribe Malvinae are discussed.
The Uses and Abuses of Foreign Aid Development Aid and Military Spending

Research shows that foreign aid promotes economic development in democracies but not in autocracies. Although explanations for this phenomenon vary, a common theme is that autocracies are more likely to misuse aid. We provide evidence of such misuse, showing that autocracies are more likely than democracies to divert development aid to the military. Theoretically, we build on “selectorate” models in which autocrats respond to aid by contracting civil liberties. Because this strategy requires military capacity, autocracies but not democracies should spend aid on the military. We support this hypothesis empirically, providing further evidence that autocracies misuse foreign aid.
Up from the Ape: the Spitzer Hall of Human Origins at the American Museum of Natural History

The American Museum of Natural History in New York has a rich history of explaining evolution through its displays and educational programs. For much of this history, there has been a permanent hall dedicated to human evolution and its related disciplines. Different versions of these halls have informed tens of millions of visitors, and today’s offering is one of the world’s newest, opened in 2007 and named the Anne and Bernard Spitzer Hall of Human Origins. The hall’s design is radical in that it starts by giving molecular genetics and the fossil record equal billing and thus provides the visitor with two independent but highly complementary lines of evidence for our own evolution. Other parts of the hall are innovative in that they stress taxonomic diversity in the fossil record as much as the more traditional chronological “story” of human evolution that is usually found in museum exhibits. The hall is also unique in that it incorporates a fully operational teaching laboratory within its architectural footprint, which provides educators with the chance to seamlessly integrate hands-on lab sessions and the surrounding exhibits as teaching aids.
Advances in collagen cross-link analysis

The combined application of ion-trap mass spectrometry and peptide-specific antibodies for the isolation and structural analysis of collagen cross-linking domains is illustrated with examples of results from various types of collagen with the emphasis on bone and cartilage. We highlight the potential of such methods to advance knowledge on the importance of post-translational modifications (e.g., degrees of lysine hydroxylation and glycosylation) and preferred intermolecular binding partners for telopeptide and helical cross-linking domains in regulating cross-link type and placement.
Behavior of the least shrew in a residential maze

Five least shrews (Cryptotis parva) were tested individually for 4 days in a residential maze consisting of four arms radiating from a central nest chamber. Visits to arms and time spent in each were monitored electronically. Two arms were empty, one contained food, and one contained water. About 60% of daily activity occurred during darkness. There was much individual variation in circadian patterns. The average number of activity bouts was 12 during darkness and 9 during daylight. Short cycle length (bout plus interval) was 72 min during daylight and 54 min during darkness. Three individuals remained in the nest without feeding for periods greater than 5 h at a time for a total of 16 occasions during daylight hours. Exploratory behavior similar to that of mice was observed, with many visits to all arms occurring soon after introduction into the maze and declining rapidly thereafter. On Days 1 and 2 after introduction, the water arm was visited most frequently, followed by the food arm and empty arms. On Days 3 and 4, visits to the food arm were most frequent, followed by the water and empty arms.
On the modeling of shared resources with various lock granularities using queueing networks

Abstract This paper presents a practical and noniterative method for evaluating queueing networks in which serialization delays are represented using measurable parameters. Two types of models are introduced to describe synchronization of accesses to shared resources using simulation and numerical methods, respectively. The model parameters are estimated from the values of measurable quantities. For the analytic models, the probabilities that a shared resource is locked, thereby causing other processes to wait for the resource to be accessible, are calculated, under certain assumptions, as functions of the probabilities of access and of the number of active transactions. The service times of lock servers are calculated as functions of the loads on all service centers. Performance measures applicable to the evaluation of computer systems are introduced and evaluated. An impact of various lock granularities on system performance is presented. An example involving a distributed file system and measurement data collected in a small business installation is given to compare performance measures provided by the simulation and analytic models.
Far-Infrared Properties of Cuprous Oxide

The transmission and reflectance of cuprous oxide has been measured from 6 to 250 \ensuremath{\mu} and analyzed by classical dispersion theory. The two infrared-active vibrational frequencies are given by ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}=613$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{2}=146.0$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ with corresponding longitudinal-mode frequencies of 638 and 149 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The maximum values of the extinction coefficient are calculated to be 2.7 and 4.0, respectively, for the two modes; both are higher than the literature values. The high-frequency and static dielectric constants are found to be ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}=6.6$ and ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{0}=7.6$, respectively.
Micromachined structure for coupling optical fibers to integrated optical waveguides

We have performed a study of the coupling of single mode optical fibers to integrated optical polymer waveguides. Present methods of fiber-waveguide---fiber coupling are discussed. The technique of fiber end polishing and its importance is discussed. The optimum geometry of the groove is predicted. Different possible losses and their remedies are described. The precise geometry of the V-groove removes all but two degrees of freedom in aligning the fiber to the waveguide. A further improvement in the etching technique can reduce this further down to only one linear degree of freedom. I .© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Do physicians tailor their recommendations for breast cancer risk reduction based on patient's risk?

OBJECTIVE: To investigate how physicians tailor their recommendations for breast cancer prevention and risk reduction. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, mail survey. PARTICIPANTS: Random sample of primary care physicians in California (N=822). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Six standardized patient scenarios were used to assess how women’s breast cancer risk factors influence physicians’ recommendations for screening mammography, counseling about lifestyle behaviors, genetic testing, the use of tamoxifen, prophylactic surgery, and referral to a breast specialist. Over 90% of physicians endorsed mammography for all of the scenarios. Similarly, approximately 80% of physicians endorsed counseling about lifestyle factors for all of the scenarios. Five-year risk of developing breast cancer and family history were both strongly associated with each of the 6 recommendations. Importantly, however, physicians were more likely to endorse the discussion of genetic testing, the use of tamoxifen, and prophylactic surgery for women with a family history of breast cancer compared with women at a higher risk of developing breast cancer but without a family history. Obstetrician-gynecologists were more likely to endorse most of these practices compared with internists. CONCLUSIONS: Mammography and counseling about lifestyle behaviors are widely endorsed by physicians for breast cancer prevention and risk reduction. Whereas physicians are generally able to tailor their recommendations for prevention and risk reduction based on risk, they may perhaps underutilize genetic evaluation and newer therapeutic options for primary prevention for women who are at high risk of developing breast cancer but do not have a family history.
Ab initio potential energy surface for Ar{ 3 / + }

The potential energy surface (PES) of linear Ar3+ is calculated at the MP4/6-31G* level including all single, double, triple and quadruple excitations. The results show that the PES of the linear Ar3+ has a very flat valley along the asymmetric stretching vibration normal mode, ν3. A higher level quadratic configuration interaction calculation including single, double and triple substitutions QCISD (T) along this flat valley suggests that an asymmetric geometry energy minimum reported earlier based on MP2 [1] is due to symmetry breaking in UHF. The global minimum of the PES is found to be for the symmetric geometry atRab=Rbc=2.66±0.01 A, which is in good agreement with the MRD-CI calculation [2] and expectations from our earlier photodissociation experiments [3]. The calculational results are compared with other theoretical calculations, and are discussed in the context of the photodissociation and dynamics of dissociation experiments conducted on Ar3+.
DEPOSIT ACCOUNTS FOR MONOGRAPH ACQUISITIONS: A BUDGET‐STRETCHING TECHNIQUE

In today's age of budget pressures and ever‐increasing costs for monographs and continuations, we all look for methods to improve our purchasing power. Perhaps a deposit prepayment account with a book vendor would help meet your needs.
Do Family Wealth Shocks Affect Fertility Choices? Evidence from the Housing Market

Abstract This paper uses wealth changes driven by housing market variation to estimate the effect of family resources on fertility decisions. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we show that a $100,000 increase in housing wealth among home owners causes a 16% to 18% increase in the probability of having a child. There is no evidence of an effect of MSA-level housing price growth on the fertility of renters, however. We also present evidence that housing wealth growth increases total fertility and that the responsiveness of fertility to housing wealth has increased over time, commensurate with the recent housing boom.
Impact of left venticular assist device (LVAD)-mediated humoral sensitization on post-transplant outcomes

Background Humoral sensitization, defined as a panel-reactive antibody (PRA) screen of >10%, places heart transplant recipients at a greater risk of acute rejection and mortality. Previous studies have suggested an increased sensitization in left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients, although neither the impact of device selection nor the clinical importance of elevated PRA in these patients has been completely described. Methods Using the registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT), we compared PRA levels in 7,686 heart transplant recipients to determine the impact of LVAD therapy on humoral sensitization, acute rejection and mortality. To determine the impact of device selection on sensitization, we compared data from the ISHLT registry as well as from our own institution. Results Elevated PRA levels were found in 16.6% of LVAD recipients, compared with 7.6% of non-LVAD controls ( p p = 0.01). Despite these findings, LVAD use had no impact on rejection rates. LVAD use was associated with a small increase (4.4% and 4.3%, respectively) in 1- and 2-year mortality. Conclusions These findings support the concept that mechanical circulatory support increases the rate of humoral sensitization. However, these differences in sensitization do not translate to substantial differences in the clinical outcomes of rejection and mortality.
Detecting powder mixture inhomogeneity for non-normal measurement errors

Since the 1940s the technique of mixing indices has been used to determine the level of inhomogeneity in powder mixtures. In 1995, the application of the analysis of variance technique (ANOVA) to this problem was introduced and was shown to overcome several critical limitations of the index approach. However, one possible limitation of ANOVA is its normality assumption. Thus, this article examines the robustness of this assumption using several very non-normal distributions for measurement errors and compares the ANOVA technique with the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis method in a Monte Carlo simulation study. The Kruskal-Wallis method makes no assumption regarding the distribution of the data.
DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION OF THE GLUCOSE-DEPENDENT INSULINOTROPIC POLYPEPTIDE GENE IN RAT INTESTINE

Abstract The developmental expression of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) gene was investigated in rat intestine. Steady state levels of GIP mRNA were determined in the intestine during fetal and postnatal development by double ribonuclease protection assays. GTP mRNA could be detected as early as day 20 of embryonic development and very low levels remained until postnatal day 3. The GIP mRNA levels increased markedly in the period between days 3 and 5 of postnatal life and then gradually increased toward adult levels. Since intron 1 of the GIP gene contains putative TATA and CCAAT boxes, and some potential cis-acting promoter elements, we examined whether or not another transcript starting from exon 2 of the GIP gene is expressed during development of rat intestine. Ribonuclease protection assays suggested that although an abbreviated transcript might exist starting from exon 2, it appears to be minor and its relative abundance is unchanged during development or following intraduodenal glucose stimulation. These observations suggest that GIP may play an important role in early postnatal development probably associated with suckling.
N-alkyl-β-aminoethylphosphonium salts. Useful reagents for the synthesis of 2° allylamines

Abstract An improved procedure for the preparation of N-alkyl-β-aminoethylphosphonium salts, and the utilization of these functionalized salts in the preparation of secondary allylamines via the Wittig reaction is reported.
Eimeria tenella: stimulation of DNA synthesis in infected cultured animal cells.

Abstract An autoradiographic study was conducted to determine the influence of the intracellular coccidian parasite of chickens, Eimeria tenella , on the incorporation of tritium-labeled thymidine in kidney cell cultures. Evidence was obtained for a parasite-induced increase in thymidine incorporation in host cell cultures which is too great to be attributed to unscheduled DNA synthesis. The stimulatory effect became significant ( P
ON FATIGUE CRACK SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS IN COPPER SINGLE CRYSTALS

Measurements of crack depths by newly developed sectioning techniques raise questions about the validity of the optical microscopy technique used by Cheng and Laird for measuring crack size distributions. Accordingly, these measurements have been repeated using an improved technique. The cracks have thus been found deeper than reported earlier. This result suggests that random-walk mechanisms for crack nucleation apply to the earliest stages of fatigue life. Moreover, it is found that the crack size distribution matches the distribution of local strains in persistent slip bands, suggesting that Stage I crack propagation kinetics are controlled by the local plastic strain.
Affordances and Constraints in Social Studies Curriculum-Making: The Case of “Jewish Social Studies” in the Early 20th Century

This document-based historical study explores the nature of the Jewish social studies curriculum in American Jewish schools in the early 20th century (c.1910–1940), a period of significant growth and reform in the modern American Jewish education enterprise. “Jewish social studies” refers to school programs in which Jewish history, Jewish civilization, and/or Jewish life were taught. The article describes the types of ideological and pedagogical issues Jewish educators contemplated when devising the purposes and practices of American Jewish schooling overall and Jewish social studies in particular. More generally, the study illustrates the kinds of affordances and constraints social studies educators in almost any context face in the process of curriculum development and reform.
The correct name for rescue grass

1948, Day (DAV); Yosemite Valley, 26 Mai 1895, Btasdale (UC); Sage Flat, 5500 ft, Inyo Co., Howell 27382 (CAS); Sage Flat to Olancha Pass, 7000 ft, Inyo Co., Howell 26675 (CAS); Walker Creek 4 mi s w of Olancha, Inyo Co., Pitelka 169 (UC); Dan Cook Canyon, Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa Co., Bowerman 446 (UC); The Chalks, Santa Cruz Co., Carlson 50 (UC); end of rd. to Hanlon Peak, San Benito Co., Ferris & Wiggins 9806 (UC); w side Mt. Hamilton, Santa Clara Co., C. W. & H. K. Sharsmnith 1413 (UC); Logwood Canyon, Monterey Co., Stewart 187 (DAV); Chew's Ridge, Santa Lucia Mtns., Monterey Co., Tucker 420 (DAV); Kinevan Canyon, San Marcos Pass, Santa Barbara Co., Tucker 363 (DAV); Bouquet Canyon, Los Angeles Co., Tucker 116 (DAV); Mill Creek Rd., San Bernardino Co., Clokey 6995 (RENO); near Tauquitz, San Jacinto Mtns., Jun-Jul 1901, Hall (UC); Shrine Camp, Laguna Mtns., San Diego Co., 2 Aug 1935, Harbison (UC). 4. Q. dunnii from California and Baja California: CALIFORNIA: Along Peachy Canyon Rd., w of Paso Robles, Jensen 445 (UC); near Deep Creek Public Camp, n base Sail Bernardino Mtns., Boos 3306 (RSA); 12 mi s e of Keen Camp, San Jacinto Mtns., Muller 4042 (MO); near summit of Pines to Palms Rd., Riverside Co., Roos 120 (POM); upper end of Hemet Valley, San Jacinto Mtns., Peirson 3016 (RSA); head of Hemet Valley, 5000 ft, San Jacinto Mtns., Munnz & Johnston 5513 (POM); near Van Deventers, s e side of San Jacinto Mtns., Hall 2158 (UC); entrance to Santa Rosa Indian Reservation, Vandeventer Flats, Riverside Co., Balls & Everett 18257 (NY); Burnt Valley, about 5.2 mi e of Anza, Riverside Co., Munz 11571 (RSA); Lower Covington Flat, Joshua Tree National Monument, Riverside Co., Cole 1001 (UC); Montezuma Valley, San Diego Co., Muller 4039 (MO); Montezuma View Pt., San Diego Co., Gander 9150 (SD); Bankhead Springs, San Diego Co., Gander 8794 (SD); Boulevard, San Diego Co., 22 Apr 1940, Epling & Lewis (LA); Boulevard, Gander 7744 (SD); just e of Boulevard, Wolf 9746 (UC); Jacumba, San Diego Co., Gander 7830 (SD); Walker's Ranch 6 mi w of Jacumba, Abraims 3698 (DS). BAJA CALIFORNIA: between San Pedro Martir Mission and Santo Tomas, Sierra San Pedro Martir, Wiggins 9051 (DS); Los Pozos, n w end of Sierra San Pedro Martir, 3500 ft, Wiggins 9186 (DS); 10-15 mi n e of Ojos Negros, Wiggins & Gillespie 4091 (RSA); yellow pine belt between Ojos Negros and Neji Rancho, Wiggins & Gillespie 4150 (RSA); mtns., northern Lower California, Orcutt 639 (MO), 7-2-1885, Orcutt (US); G. W. Dunn s.n. (CAS).
An Improved NOESY Simulation Program for Partially Relaxed Spectra: Birder

An improved 2D NOESY simulation program, BIRDER (back-calculation considering incomplete recovery and differential external relaxation), has been developed. BIRDER has the following features: (1) It allows for differential external relaxation rates for protons with different chemical environments, (2) it automatically accounts for incomplete recovery of z magnetization between scans, and (3) it incorporates anisotropic tumbling motional modes for nonspherical molecules. It was found that a lower R factor is obtained if differential external relaxation rates are used in the NOESY spectrum simulation. The method for experimentally determining these external relaxation rates is discussed. In practice, the ability to account for incomplete recovery of z magnetization is very useful in the quantitative analysis of 2D NOESY spectra of spin systems with long longitudinal relaxation times (T1). For example, the T1's of some protons in RNA duplexes are approximately 4-6 s. Thus, a more than 15 s relaxation delay is needed to allow the z magnetization to return to thermal equilibrium between scans, requiring more than a week to obtain a single NOESY spectrum. Unless incomplete recovery of z magnetization is explicitly considered, distance errors may arise when shorter relaxation delays are used. The situation is further complicated in studies of DNA:RNA hybrid or DNA-RNA chimeric duplexes in which the DNA protons relax much faster than the RNA protons. It is shown that BIRDER successfully corrects for the incomplete recovery of z magnetization and makes it possible to save spectrometer time by using shorter relaxation delays without introducing serious errors. The nonsymmetrical nature of NOESY spectra when the spin system is not fully relaxed is discussed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Partially Ionized Gas Flow and Heat Transfer in the Separation, Reattachment, and Redevelopment Regions Downstream of an Abrupt Circular Channel Expansion

Heat transfer and pressure measurements obtained in the separation, reattachment, and redevelopment regions along a tube and nozzle located downstream of an abrupt channel expansion are presented for a very high enthalpy flow of argon. The ionization energy fraction extended up to 0.6 at the tube inlet just downstream of the arc heater. Reattachment resulted from the growth of an instability in the vortex sheet-like shear layer between the central jet that discharged into the tube and the reverse flow along the wall at the lower Reynolds numbers, as indicated by water flow visualization studies which were found to dynamically model the high-temperature gas flow. A reasonably good prediction of the heat transfer in the reattachment region where the highest heat transfer occurred and in the redevelopment region downstream can be made by using existing laminar boundary layer theory for a partially ionized gas. In the experiments as much as 90 per cent of the inlet energy was lost by heat transfer to the tube and the nozzle wall.
Lateral differences in tactile directional perception

Abstract Between-hands differences in the tactile perception of direction were assessed in normal righthanded subjects by a unimodal tactile matching task. The left hand superiority found in earlier studies employing a crossmodal tactile-visual matching procedure was again shown in this investigation. Thus the indications of hemispheric asymmetry in the mediation of tactile-spatial performances coming from studies which have utilized tactile-visual matching tasks cannot be ascribed to the crossmodal component in these tasks. The problem posed by the occurrence of “exceptional cases” in investigations of hemispheric asymmetry of perceptual function is raised.
Coercivity Enhancement in ${\rm Zr}_{2}{\rm Co}_{11}$ -Based Nanocrystalline Materials Due to Mo Addition

The Mo-content dependence of structure and magnetic properties of Zr16Co78-xMoxSi3B3 ( x=0, 2, 3, 4, 5) nanocrystalline materials has been studied. The samples consist of hard-magnetic Zr2Co11 and soft-magnetic Co phases. The substitution of Mo for Co restrains the formation of Co, raises the content of Zr2Co11, and increases the mean grain size of Zr2Co11. Therefore, the coercive force of the sample increases with x. A coercive force of 7.9 kOe, which is a highest value reported among Zr-Co alloys, was achieved for x=5. The anisotropy field of Zr2Co11 remains almost unchanged with increasing Mo content.
Scanning tunneling microscopy study of halide nucleation, growth, and relaxation on singular and vicinal Cu surfaces

Abstract The effect of surface steps on CuBr nucleation, growth, and sublimation was studied by comparing in situ variable temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) results for Cu(100) and Cu(11 1 0). Bromine chemisorption caused the Cu steps to facet parallel to 〈100〉 directions. The faceted steps supplied Cu atoms for the reaction with Br2 to form CuBr. STM movies showed that the halide did not accumulate where the reaction took place but rather diffused across the surface, nucleating and growing halide clusters independent of the reaction step. At room temperature, the halide formed flat (111)-oriented γ-CuBr islands at step facet corners. The islands grew by preferential addition of CuBr to {100} island edges, resulting in a triangular shape during growth that relaxed to an asymmetric hexagonal shape when growth was stopped. The halide did not block further reaction of the underlying Cu; STM movies showed Cu steps being consumed beneath halide layers. High-resolution images of CuBr islands revealed a (1×1) periodicity, whereas images of multilayer films displayed a (2×2) periodicity attributed to an ordered vacancy structure that maintains neutrality of the polar (111) surface. With time, or on annealing, the two-dimensional islands roughened into three-dimensional clusters. Although the high step density of Cu(11 1 0) did not substantially alter the nucleation, growth, relaxation, or structure of the CuBr, when Br2 was dosed at 325 K, a low temperature CuBr TPD peak was observed for Cu(11 1 0) but not Cu(100). This low temperature peak disappeared when the CuBr films were roughened by increasing the reaction temperature to 380 K, suggesting that the low temperature peak is associated with the two-dimensional film structure. Thus, the low temperature peak was attributed to the steps on the Cu(11 1 0) surface introducing defects into the CuBr films because of the large mismatch between the Cu and CuBr step heights.
p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity in the microsomal fraction of turtle bladder mucosal cells

Abstract The microsomes of turtle bladder epithelium contain a K+-stimulatable, ouabain- and/or Na+-inhibitable p- nitrophenyl phosphatase with an absolute requirement for Mg2+. The optimal pH range was 7.2–7.3 in the imidazole-histidine buffer system used. Treating the data in terms of Michaelis-Menten kinetics, the apparent K m 's were as follows: for p- nitrophenyl phosphate, 0.6 mM; for Mg2+, 0.6 mM; and for K+, 1.0. Substrate inhibition was observed for p- nitrophenyl phosphate, Mg2+, and K+ at concentrations exceeding 4.0, 4.0 and 10 mM, respectively. 0.1 mM ouabain, or 100 mM Na+, completely inhibited the p- nitrophenyl phosphatase activity, and each inhibitor reacted competitively with K+ for enzymes sites ( K i for ouabain - 25 nM and K i for Na + = 3.0 mM ). The inhibitory action of N- ethylmaleimide was dependent upon the time of pre-incubation of the microsomes with N- ethylmaleimide . Related to the question of whether p- nitrophenyl phosphatase is the same as or distinct from ( Na + + K + )-ATPase , is the fact that p- nitrophenyl phosphatase activity is inhibited competitively in the presence of ATP.
Early adolescent temperament, parental monitoring, and substance use in Mexican-origin adolescents.

Previous studies suggest that temperamental dispositions are associated with substance use. However, most research supporting this association has relied on European American samples (Stautz & Cooper, 2013). We addressed this gap by evaluating the prospective relations between 5th grade temperament and 9th grade substance use in a longitudinal sample of Mexican-origin youth (N = 674). Effortful control and trait aggressiveness predicted 9th grade substance use, intentions, and expectations, even after controlling for 5th grade substance use. Additionally, we found an interaction between temperament and parental monitoring such that monitoring is a protective factor for early substance use primarily for youth with temperamental tendencies associated with risk for substance use (e.g., low effortful control and aggression). Results add to the growing literature demonstrating that early manifestations of self-control are related to consequential life outcomes.
The Letter concerning Enmities as a Polemical Source for Monastic Relations of the Mid-Sixteenth Century

The Letter concerning Enmities between the Kirillov and Iosifov Monasteries has been used since the middle of the nineteenth century as a major source for monastic relations of the early sixteenth century. It is a mid-sixteenth-century composition extant in a single copy. Most likely composed in the Volokolamsk Monastery by Vassian Koshka (d. 1568), the former archimandrite of the Vozmitsk Monastery, the Letter describes disagreements between Nil Sorskii and his follower Vassian Patrikeev, on the one hand, and Iosif Volotskii and his followers Dionisii Zvenigorodskii and Nil Polev, on the other. It is a polemical source intended to convince the reader that Nil Sorskii and Vassian Patrikeev provoked these disagreements. Containing inaccuracies, inexactitudes, and unconfirmable assertions, the testimony of the Letter differs from early sixteenth-century sources. It is not a reliable source of evidence for the early sixteenth century, but the point of view of its author is better understood within the context of Church-State and internal monastic relations of the post-Stoglav middle of the sixteenth century.
Effects of a backward conditioning procedure following acquisition on extinction of conditioned suppression

A one-trial-a-day procedure was used to investigate the effects of US-CS pairings on extinction of conditioned suppression of licking by rats. Following acquisition trials, response suppression was immediately eliminated when US preceded CS, but it reappeared during subsequent CS-alone presentations. Ss that received backward pairings reached a significant level of extinction one trial before Ss that received conventional extinction trials.
Phonon anomaly in high-pressure Zn

The equation of states and phonon dispersions of hexagonal zinc have been calculated by the plane-wave pseudopotential method within the generalized-gradient approximation. Weak discontinuities are found in the pressure-volume relation as well as the $c/a$-volume curve. Phonon dispersions of Zn under pressure have been obtained with a direct method and the results are consistent with the neutron scattering data. At $V/{V}_{0}\ensuremath{\approx}0.88$, the calculated frequencies of the acoustic phonons near the zone center softened substantially as a result of an electronic topological transition. The theoretical result is consistent with the observed anomaly in the Lam-M\"ossbauer factor at low temperature.
Real forms of U q (g)

In this Letter we consider the real forms of quantum groups associated to generalized Cartan matrices. There are two main results. The first is a description of the Hopf algebra automorphisms and of the Hopf *-algebra structures of the quantum group. This immediately yields a precise description of the real forms. The second result establishes a correspondence of these real forms when the quantum group is associated to a complex simple Lie algebra with objects associated to the real forms of the classical object.
Influence of Polyamines on Induction of Interferon and Resistance to Viruses by Synthetic Polynucleotides

SummaryCertain basic polyamines, such as neomycin, neamine, kanamycin, streptomycin, and spermine, added to poly I:C increased the Tm. The degree of termal stabilization was influenced by the molecular ratio of polyamine to poly I:C and by the ionic strength. Complexing with certain of the polyamines markedly reduced the rate of degradation of poly I:C but not of poly C by pancreatic ribonuclease. Some of the polyamines potentiated induction of resistance by poly I:C of primary rabbit kidney cells but not RK-13 rabbit kidney line or primary grivet kidney cells to infection by vesicular stomatitis virus. Neomycin did not alter the activity of poly I:C in intact animals against pneumonia virus of mice or against parainfluenza 1 (Sendai) virus in mice and did not decrease the toxicity of the complexed polynucleotide for these animals. Added neomycin did not affect the induction by poly I:C of interferon in rabbits. Neomycin did not render the single-stranded RNA's, poly I and poly C, capable of inducing inte...
Optical spectrophotometry of comet Tempel 2 far from the sun

With the advent of mission planning for spacecraft encounters with comets in the 1980s, the lack of basic data on cometary nuclei has become quite apparent and a real problem. More effort is needed on all comets, with special attention given to probable space flight targets such as Tempel 2. The paper presents medium-spectral-resolution spectrophotometry of P/Tempel 2, made at heliocentric distances of 2.66 and 3.02 AU on two dates in 1978. It is shown that optical spectrophotometry of comet Tempel 2 near 3 AU heliocentric distance places strict limits on its activity, the modeled CN production rate having an upper limit of 6 times 10 to the 21st molecules per sec. The observations of P/Tempel 2 are compatible with a bare nucleus of 1.6 km radius (geometric albedo = 0.15) and somewhat redder than the sun.
Patterns of education and entry into first union among american Jewish women

American Jewish women stand out for their high level of educational attainment, their late entry into formal unions, and their tendency to cohabit prior to marriage. The present article critically reviews this literature, discussing the empirical evidence and alternative explanations. Directions for further research are suggested.
Extraction and analysis of diesel fuel by supercritical fluid extraction and microbore supercritical fluid chromatography

Supercritical fluid extraction was used to extract diesel fuel from soil. Extraction efficiency was greater than 90% regardless of the organic content of the soil and even after the soil had been aged for five days before analysis. Analysis of extracts by microbore supercritical fluid chromatography provided rapid characterization while GC-MS was used for analysis of residue levels.
The end of the rainbow? Color schemes for improved data graphics

Modern computer displays and printers enable the widespread use of color in scientific communication, but the expertise for designing effective graphics has not kept pace with the technology for producing them. Historically even the most prestigious publications have tolerated high defect rates in figures and illustrations [Cleveland, 1984],and technological advances that make creating and reproducing graphics easier do not appear to have decreased the frequency of errors. Flawed graphics consequently beget more flawed graphics as authors emulate published examples. Color has the potential to enhance communication, but design mistakes can result in color figures that are less effective than grayscale displays of the same data.