cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Craniofacial cleft: a case of Tessier no. 3, 7 and 11 cleft

The incidence of the rare facial clefts is between 1.43 and 4.85 per 100.000 births. We report a case of right associated Tessier no. 3, 7 and 11 craniofacial clefts with cardiac malformation. The epidemiology, classification, embryology and pathogenesis of each craniofacial malformation are briefly reviewed. After an extensive review of the literature, we conclude that this association has not previously been reported.
A computational introduction to programming, mathematical modeling, and elementary mechanics

In Fall 2007, the Computer Science Department of the University of Texas at El Paso introduced a media-centric introductory programming course informally titled “Computational Computer Science Zero” (CCS-0) for incoming freshmen with weak mathematics preparation. These students typically have to spend several semesters in preparatory math courses before enrolling in the major's first course.
Smoking is associated with increased lesion volumes and brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis

Background: Cigarette smoking has been linked to higher susceptibility and increased risk of progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). The effects of smoking on MRI characteristics of patients with MS have not been evaluated. Objectives: To compare the MRI characteristics in cigarette smoker and nonsmoker patients with MS. Methods: We studied 368 consecutive patients with MS (age 44.0 ±SD 10.2 years, disease duration 12.1 ± 9.1 years) comprising 240 never-smokers and 128 (34.8%) ever-smokers (currently active and former smokers). The average number of packs per day smoked (±SD) was 0.95 ± 0.65, and the mean duration of smoking was 18.0 ± 9.5 years. All patients obtained full clinical and quantitative MRI evaluation. MRI measures included T1, T2, and gadolinium contrast-enhancing (CE) lesion volumes (LVs) and measures of central, global, and tissue-specific brain atrophy. The associations between smoking status and MRI measurements were assessed in regression analysis. Results: Smoking was associated with increased Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores ( p = 0.004). The median EDSS scores (interquartile range) in the ever-smoker group and the active-smoker group were both 3.0 (2.0), compared with 2.5 (2.5) in never-smokers. There were adverse associations between smoking and the lesion measures including increased number of CE lesions ( p p = 0.009), and T1 LV ( p = 0.003). Smoking was associated with decreased brain parenchymal fraction ( p = 0.047) and with increases in the lateral ventricle volume ( p = 0.001) and third ventricle width ( p = 0.023). Conclusions: Smoking is associated with increased blood–brain barrier disruption, higher lesion volumes, and greater atrophy in multiple sclerosis.
An Ontology for Accessing Transcription Systems (OATS)

This paper presents the Ontology for Accessing Transcription Systems (OATS), a knowledge base that supports interoperation over disparate transcription systems and practical orthographies. The knowledge base includes an ontological description of writing systems and relations for mapping transcription system segments to an interlingua pivot, the IPA. It includes orthographic and phonemic inventories from 203 African languages. OATS is motivated by the desire to query data in the knowledge base via IPA or native orthography, and for error checking of digitized data and conversion between transcription systems. The model in this paper implements these goals.
Managing perceptions of public opinion: Candidates’ and journalists’ reactions to the 1992 polls

The article reports an exploratory, interpretive study of campaign rhetoric, specifically the discourse surrounding opinion polls. It analyzes how candidates, their managers, and journalists reacted to polling results during the 1992 presidential race. Among the more interesting aspects of this discourse about polls was the way that political actors reified public opinion, speaking of survey data as though such statistics were independent of citizens themselves.
Relation of Temperature, Moisture, Salinity, and Slope to Nest Site Selection in Loggerhead Sea Turtles

Nest site selection in reptiles can affect the fitness of the parents through the survival of their offspring because environmental factors influence embryo survivorship, hatchling quality, and sex ratio. In sea turtles, nest site selection is influenced by selective forces that drive nest placement inland and those that drive nest placement seaward. Nests deposited close to the ocean have a greater likelihood of inundation and egg loss to erosion whereas nest placement farther inland results in greater likelihood of desiccation, hatchling misorientation, and predation on nesting females, eggs, and hatchlings. To evaluate the role of microhabitat cues in nest site selection in Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta), we assessed temperature, moisture, salinity (conductivity), and slope along the tracks of 45 female loggerheads during their beach ascent from the ocean to nest sites in the Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge in Florida on the beach with the greatest density of loggerhead nesting in the Atlantic. Of the four environmental factors evaluated (slope, temperature, moisture, and salinity), slope appears to have the greatest influence on nest site selection, perhaps because it is associated with nest elevation. Our results refute the current hypothesis that an abrupt increase in temperature is used by loggerheads as a cue for excavating a nest. Moisture content and salinity of surface sand are potential cues but may not be reliable for nest site selection because they can vary substantially and rapidly in response to rainfall and changes in the water table. Sea turtles may use multiple cues for nest site selection either in series with a threshold that must be reached for each environmental factor before the turtle initiates nest excavation or integrated as specific patterns of associations.
Observation of a 1750 MeV/c2 State in the Peripheral Photoproduction of K+K−

The FOCUS collaboration at Fermilab has observed a clear enhancement at a mass of 1750 MeV/c2 in the exclusive photoproduction of K+K−. The data were obtained using a photon beam with energies from 20 to 160 GeV incident on a BeO target. Mass and width measurements are presented, as well as a search in K*K. This enhancement has not yet been correctly interpreted.
Adynamic renal osteodystrophy: is there a problem?

In recent years, adynamic renal osteodystrophy has become a common skeletal lesion in adult patients with chronic renal failure ([1][1],[2][2],[3][3]). More than 40% of adults who are treated with hemodialysis and more than 50% of those who are treated with peritoneal dialysis have bone biopsy
Findings from the Study of Transition, Technology and Postsecondary Supports for Youth with Disabilities: Implications for Secondary School Educators

Over the past twenty years, changes in the nation's labor market have increased the importance of possessing a postsecondary degree. Students who continue their education after high school maximize their preparedness for careers in today's changing economy as they learn the higher order thinking and technical skills to take advantage of current and future job market trends. For individuals with disabilities, completion of some type of postsecondary education, including vocational-technical training, significantly improves their chances of securing meaningful employment. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that youth with disabilities are fully prepared in secondary school to continue on to and to meet the challenges of postsecondary education. The successful use of technology and other supports plays a critical role in this preparation. The purpose of this article is to (a) describe findings from a five-year research project at the University of Hawaii at Manoa that demonstrate the importance of postseco...
Girl on the loose

Girl on the Loose is a collection of personal essays focusing on the author's acts of searching. These searches are sometimes physical undertakings such as the recreational activity Geocaching. Other times they are metaphorical as with the author's search for answers to questions concerning family lineage. Set in the Pacific Northwest, the essays reflect the author's cultural background as seen in an on the history of cultural institution of craft brewing. The essays explore themes of searching for identity, as in the essay “Do They Still Call in Cyberspace?” in which the author works through the created online persona she developed as a young child. This theme of identity then connects to essays concerning the author's family, and especially how the women in her family develop identities and cope with living in a society that does not allow them to fully explore their own searching endeavors.
Enveloped Lives: Practicing Health and Care in Lithuania

This article analyzes informal medical payments that the majority of Lithuanians give or feel compelled to give to doctors before or after treatment. It focuses on how patients and their caretakers encounter, practice, and enact informal payments in health care and how these payments create a reality of health care that is not limited to an economic rationality. Within such a frame, rather than being considered a gift or bribe, it conceptualizes these little white envelopes as a practice of health and care. The article shows how an envelope of money given to a doctor transcends the material patient-doctor transaction and emerges as a productive force for coping with illness, medical encounters, and misfortunes.
Abstract A94: Prostate cancer mortality: An evaluation of increasing trend of racial disparity and other factors

Objectives: To understand the increasing trend of racial disparity of prostate cancer in the last three decades and to evaluate the potential impact of social‐economic status, early diagnosis, cancer cell differentiation and marital status. Method: Both prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates as well as case marital status in SEER 9 registration sites were estimated for the period 1973–2006. To stabilize estimation and adjust for social‐economic status, we collapsed SEER sites and states, and merged the 200 counties into 20 county groups based on similarity in poverty rates (percentage of population below poverty line). Results: [1]. The incidence of prostate cancer from 1973 to 2006 increased 74% and 87% for blacks and whites, respectively. During the same time, the mortality rate declined 5% and 25% for blacks and whites, respectively. [2] The incidence rate ratio of black/whites is relatively stable, ranging from 1.4–1.8, but the mortality rate ratio of black/white increased 27%, from 1.85 to 2.34. Regression showed the R 2 for the increasing trend of this ratio is 0.91. [3] When we compare the ratio of mortality over incidence, they were 0.40 and 0.35 for blacks and whites in 1973, and declined to 0.22 and 0.14 in 2006, respectively, indicating the survival rate increased for both, but the magnitude of improvement is much larger in whites than in blacks. [4] When we stratified the counties to 20 county groups, we found that there is no trend for incidence or mortality rates associated with the poverty rate increases. [5] There is also no trend of early diagnosis associated with poverty increases in whites or blacks for ages less than 65 or more than 65. Neither regression has R 2 larger than 0.06. [6] Among the 20 county groups, only two showed the percent of early diagnosis in blacks lower than in whites with p Conclusion: The results indicated that [1] The racial mortality disparity increased at 2% per year during 1973 to 2006. This is due to the larger decline of mortality in whites than in blacks. [2] This study does not support the relationship of disparity with social‐economic status, early diagnosis or poor differentiation of cancer cells. [3] The percent of married white cases are 33% and 30% higher than that of black counterparts for ages 30–64 years old and 65 and over, respectively. Because married cases showed better survival rates as reported by previous research, the racial disparity may be partly explained by the remarkable difference in married status of prostate cancer cases. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A94.
Large $${\varvec{p}}^{\prime }$$-orbits for $${\varvec{p}}$$p-nilpotent linear groups

Let G be a p-nilpotent linear group on a finite vector space V of characteristic p. Suppose that |G||V| is odd. Let P be a Sylow p-subgroup of G. We show that there exist vectors \(v_1\) and \(v_2\) in V such that \(C_G(v_1) \cap C_G(v_2)=P\). A striking conjecture of Malle and Navarro offers a simple global criterion for the nilpotence (in the sense of Broue and Puig) of a p-block of a finite group. Our result implies that this conjecture holds for groups of odd order.
Detection and Location of Partial Discharge in Power Transformers Based on Dielectric Window and UHF Sensors

Owing to its high sensitivity and noise-immunity,ultra-high-voltage(UHF) partial discharge detection method is widely recognized.As for oil-immersed power transformer,due to the shielding effect of oil tank the electromagnetic waves caused by partial discharge inside the transformer tank cannot radiate out and it hinders the popularization and application of UHF partial discharge detection.A dielectric window and UHF sensors based detection and location of partial discharge occurred inside transformer tank is proposed,and the influence of the size of dielectric window on UHF signal strength is researched by simulated analysis.To develop the detection of partial discharge,eight dielectric window-UHF sensor sets are installed on the tank of a 220kV transformer to be soon put into operation.Test results show that the UHF signal strength is the strongest while the diameter of the dielectric window is 150mm and the height of the dielectric window is zero.Using the UHF sensors,which are made according to the test results,the partial discharge inside the tank of 220 kV power transformer is detected and the reading of UHF detection instrument is 50 pC,meanwhile the position of the partial discharge can be accurately located.
Retention in care outcomes for HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis implementation programmes among men who have sex with men in three US cities

Introduction : Despite the efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in preventing HIV transmission, few studies have evaluated PrEP use and retention in care outcomes in real-world settings outside of clinical trials. Methods : Data were collected from PrEP clinical care programmes in three mid-size US cities: Providence, Rhode Island (RI); Jackson, Mississippi (MS); and St. Louis, Missouri (MO). We assessed the demographic and social characteristics of patients prescribed PrEP and documented their insurance and copayment experiences. We assessed retention in PrEP care at three and six months. Multivariate analyses were used to predict retention in care among men who have sex with men (MSM). HIV acquisition among the cohort was also assessed. Results : A total of 267 (RI: 117; MS: 88; MO: 62) patients were prescribed PrEP; 81% filled prescriptions (RI: 73%; MS: 82%; MO: 94%; p< 0.001). Patients in MS and MO were more commonly African American than in RI (72% and 26% vs. 7%, respectively), but less frequently Latino (2% and 3% vs. 24%, respectively). More patients reported living below the federal poverty line in MS (52%) compared to MO (23%) and RI (26%). Most patients were MSM (RI: 92%; MS: 88%; MO: 84%). The majority of MSM reported recent condomless anal sex (RI: 70%; MS: 65%; MO: 75%). Among 171 patients prescribed PrEP at least six months beforehand, 72% were retained in care at three months (RI: 68%; MS: 70%; MO: 87%; p= 0.12) and 57% were retained in PrEP care at six months (RI: 53%: MS: 61%; MO: 63%; p= 0.51). Insurance status and medication costs were not found to be significant barriers for obtaining PrEP. Three patients became infected with HIV during the six-month period after being prescribed PrEP (1.1%; 3/267), including one in RI (suspected acute HIV infection), one in MO (confirmed poor adherence) and one in MS (seroconverted just prior to initiation). Conclusions : PrEP initiation and retention in care differed across these distinct settings. In contrast, retention in PrEP care was consistently suboptimal across sites. Further research is needed to identify the individual, social and structural factors that may impede or enhance retention in PrEP care Keywords: pre-exposure prophylaxis; implementation; men who have sex with men; HIV. (Published: 13 June 2016) Citation: Chan PA et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2016, 19 :20903 http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/article/view/20903 | http://dx.doi.org/10.7448/IAS.19.1.20903
DEMOCRACY, PUBLIC EQUALITY AND THE MODERN STATE: REPLIES TO BACCARINI, CEROVAC, IVANKOVIć, MLADENOVIć, PRIJIć- SAMARŽIJA AND ZELIć

I am deeply honored by the papers in this symposium. The authors have all devoted an enormous amount of energy and care to thinking about many of the ideas I have written about over the last twenty or so years. I am extremely grateful and humbled by their attention to my work. I have also found every paper to be deeply illuminating; in some cases, I have found myself rethinking my positions; in other cases, I see areas which demand more attention than I have given up to now; in yet other cases I have acquired a deeper appreciation for the challenges that my views and arguments face. In each case, I learned a great deal both from the papers and the discussions about earlier drafts of these papers that took place at a conference on Equality and Citizenship at the University of Rijeka on July 1 and 2, 2014. The following remarks are an attempt to summarize some main parts of the arguments I have given while responding to or taking into account the criticisms of the authors in this symposium. I have focused on areas in which the authors have expressed disagreement with my previous positions and have attempted to respond to them as best I can. I don’t think I have responded to every good criticism made of my work and I am sure I have not done full justice to all the criticisms. In a sense, the following remarks should be understood as a contribution to an ongoing dialogue about the foundations and proper structure of a democratic regime. I have organized the papers and my responses in three groups: the first concerns my arguments about the foundations of democracy in public equality; the second con-
Measuring Problem Solving Skills in Plants vs. Zombies 2.

We are using stealth assessment, embedded in Plants vs. Zombies 2, to measure middle-school students’ problem solving skills. This project started by developing a problem solving competency model based on a thorough review of the literature. Next, we identified relevant in-game indicators that would provide evidence about students’ levels on the various problem-solving facets. Our problem solving model was implemented in the game via Bayesian networks. To validate the stealth assessment, we ran a small pilot study to collect data from students who played our game-based assessment and completed an external problem solving measure (MicroDYN). Preliminary results indicate that problem solving estimates derived from the game significantly correlate with the external measure, suggesting that our stealth assessment is valid. Our next steps include running a larger validation study (in progress) and developing tools to help educators interpret the results of the assessment.
Orpheus, the Poetics of Silence, and the Humanities

In the Vergilian version of the katabasis of Orpheus, spatial and interpersonal silences serve to punctuate both the extraordinary poetic triumph of Orpheus and the tragic consequences of his failure. The katabatic hero is a recurring archetype in classical poetry: the ability of a living being whose soul is still attached to corporeal flesh to enter the realm of the dead and return alive marks the hero as one who possesses exceptional status. Unlike the successful journeys to the underworld of other epic heroes like Odysseus and Aeneas, the tragic failure of Orpheus' katabasis ultimately results in the brutal silencing of his art. His failure to meet the objective of his katabasis leads to a failure of poetics, a failure ironically foreshadowed by the success that he encounters at various stages of his journey, which are marked by curious silencings, as the custodians, criminals and topographical features of the Underworld give way into total quiescence upon hearing his song. This paper will examine the rhetoric of silence in the Vergilian adaptation of the myth of Orpheus, and suggest that Vergil's unique adaptation of the myth may be read as allegorically relevant to the struggle of the Humanities disciplines to survive in the contemporary academy.
The Freedom of Human Activities

Common sense and philosophy agree that a man is unfree to do something when there are impediments or restrictions to his doing it, and that he does something unfreely when there are impediments or restrictions to his doing something else. If we now examine each of the different types of activities that can reasonably be considered unfree, we shall see that each judgment of unfreedom rests on the belief that the person who performs the activity “could not have done otherwise.” Each of the several recognized impediments — whether physical, legal, social, mental, or cognitive, and whether or not the result of human action or intention — is thought to “prevent” the actor from doing otherwise. An unfree activity is thus an activity the alternatives to which are closed by one or more impediments, and the idea of an impediment can be explicated only in terms of the degree of likelihood of this activity’s occurrence under the circumstances in question. Even when we say that a physical object constitutes an impediment to some activity, our judgment is based upon our strong belief that people never, or at most only very rarely, perform the activity when the object is present. This connection between activities and impediments can be expressed most naturally by use of the word “probability,” and it is difficult to see how else it could be expressed. In the present chapter, I shall try to show that whenever any of a number of apparently diverse activities is judged unfree, the reason is that the activity is “highly probable.” In Chapter 6, this idea of a high probability will itself be interpreted.
Young adults' responses to alternative messages describing a sugar-sweetened beverage price increase

Objective Many jurisdictions in the USA and globally are considering raising the prices of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) through taxes as a strategy to reduce their consumption. The objective of the present study was to identify whether the rationale provided for an SSB price increase affects young adults’ behavioural intentions and attitudes towards SSB. Design Participants were randomly assigned to receive one of eight SSB price increase rationales. Intentions to purchase SSB and attitudes about the product and policy were measured. Setting A forty-six-item cross-sectional Internet survey. Subjects Undergraduate students (n 494) at a large US Midwestern university. Results Rationale type was significantly associated with differences in participants’ purchasing intentions for the full sample (F 7,485=2·53, P=0·014). Presenting the rationale for an SSB price increase as a user fee, an effort to reduce obesity, a strategy to offset health-care costs or to protect children led to lower SSB purchasing intentions compared with a message with no rationale. Rationale type was also significantly associated with differences in perceptions of soda companies (F 7,485=2·10, P=0·043); among low consumers of SSB, messages describing the price increase as a user fee or tax led to more negative perceptions of soda companies. Conclusions The rationale attached to an SSB price increase could influence consumers. However, these message effects may depend on individuals’ level of SSB consumption.
Influence of cognitive control on semantic representation

The neural representation of an object can change depending on its context. For instance, a horse may be more similar to a bear than to a dog in terms of size, but more similar to a dog in terms of domesticity. We used behavioral measures of similarity together with representational similarity analysis and functional connectivity of fMRI data in humans to reveal how the neural representation of semantic knowledge can change to match the current goal demand. Here we present evidence that objects similar to each other in a given context are also represented more similarly in the brain and that these similarity relationships are modulated by context specific activations in frontal areas.
Online Resource Management in Thermal and Energy Constrained Heterogeneous High Performance Computing

Operators of high-performance computing (HPC) facilities face conflicting trade-offs between the operating temperature of the facility, reliability of compute nodes, energy costs, and computing performance. Intelligent management of the HPC facility typically involves taking a proactive approach by predicting the thermal implications of allocating tasks to different cores around the facility. This offers the benefit of operating the HPC facility at a hotter CRAC temperature while avoiding hotspots. However, such an approach can be a time-consuming process that requires complicated air flow models to be calculated for every mapping decision. We propose a framework in which offline analysis is used to assist an online resource manager by predicting the thermal implications of mapping a given workload. The goal is to maximize the reward earned from completing tasks by their individual deadlines throughout the day, while adhering to a daily energy budget and temperature threshold constraints. We show that our proposed techniques can earn significantly greater reward than traditional load balancing and thermal management schemes.
Rosalind’s Ghost: Biology, Collaboration, and the Female

Anyone familiar with the history of genomic science will know the contribution of, and controversy about, Rosalind E. Franklin. No one disputes that her work in X-ray diffraction imaging, resulting in Photo 51, was foundational to the discovery of the double helix. The controversy arises in how well or poorly Franklin worked as a team member with Watson, Crick, and Wilkins, and they with her. Some interpretations of the story appear to reveal aggressive gender segregation on the part of some colleagues. Rosalind’s ghost may be uneasy with recent findings about genomic collaborations.
The Science of Measuring Pleasure and Pain

Near the end of the Protagoras there is a famous argument in which Socrates appears to deny the possibility of weakness of will (akrasia). The passage is part of a longer examination of whether virtue can be taught and of the unity of the virtues. Socrates and Protagoras discuss whether it makes sense to say, as people commonly do, that they sometimes choose to do things they know are not best for them because they are “overcome by pleasure.” Supposedly “the many” hold that the good is pleasure, and that one chooses what is less good because it is most pleasant. Socrates takes Protagoras through a kind of elenctic examination that purports to show that the many’s claim to being overcome by pleasure in akrasia is absurd or ridiculous. They can’t really do what they claim to do, choose the less good for the more good; thus, and the claim that they do is a misdescription of what really happens. People act in these cases due to ignorance of what is truly the most good (pleasant). In order to prevent people from choosing things that are not best for them, or to save them, Socrates says that what is needed is an art or science of measurement (357a–b). In this paper I want to focus on the idea of such an art or science of measurement.
A genetic marker of risk in HIV-infected individuals with a history of hazardous drinking

ABSTRACTImpulsivity and sensation seeking have been linked to hazardous drinking, increased sexual risk behaviors, and lower treatment adherence among persons living with HIV (PLH). The dopamine active transporter1 (DAT1or SLC6A3) gene has been linked to impulsivity and sensation seeking in several populations but has not been investigated among populations of PLH. This study used data from 201 PLH who report a recent history of heavy episodic drinking. Results indicate that DAT1*10R vs DAT1*9R genotype was related to higher propensity for risk taking (standardized difference score (d) = 0.30 [95% CI: 0.02;0.59]), more hazardous drinking (d = 0.35 [0.05;0.64]), and more condomless sex (rate ratio (RR)= 2.35[1.94; 2.85]), but were counter-intuitively associated with fewer sexual partners (RR = 0.65[0.43;0.91]) and possibly better treatment adherence (d = 0.32 [−0.01;0.65]). Results are consistent with the suggested associations between DAT1 and risk-taking behavior. The counter-intuitive finding for partne...
Projectin, the Elastic Protein of the C-Filaments

In adult insects, the highly specialized indirect flight muscles (abbreviated as IFMs) are powerful muscles adapted for the rapid repeated contractions necessary for flight. These muscles are referred to as asynchronous muscles, because they undergo multiple rounds of contraction for each single nerve impulse, a property made possible by the stretch-activation mechanism.1, 2, 3, 4, 5 The stretch-activation mechanism is explained as a “delayed increase in tension due to stretch” that activates the muscle and results in contraction. The IFMs are attached to the cuticle (exoskeleton) and because they are organized as two sets of nearly perpendicular muscles, their length oscillate in response to the stretch activation-contraction cycles. The stretch activation mechanism has been shown to be an intrinsic property of the myofibrillar apparatus,1 and is made possible by several special physiological adaptations, such as a high resting stiffness. To explain some of the IFMs’ properties, early models proposed the existence of an additional third filament system with elastic properties, which is usually referred to as the connecting or C-filament system. Electron microscopy studies of insect flight muscles revealed the presence of fine connections between the Z bands and the thick filaments.6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 In particular, electron microscopy of stretched myofibrils or purified Z disks of insect flight muscles have shown the presence of filaments extending or “projecting” from the Z band towards the myosin filaments and just overlapping the tip of the A band.12, 13 In honeybee IFMs, connecting filaments can be extended to well over ten times their normal rest length. When these muscles are stretched in rigor and then released, the recoil forces of the connecting filaments cause the sarcomere to shorten, leading to the crumpling of the thin filaments held in rigor.9 The search for component(s) of the C-filament system led to the identification and characterization of the protein, projectin. Saide unequivocally demonstrated by antibody staining and biochemical analysis that the third connecting filament of honeybee flight muscles is composed of projectin.12
Leading by Serving: Redefining the Roles of Leaders and Followers in Today’s Workplace

The competencies the scholarly literature has ascribed to effective leaders and effective followers are surprisingly similar. Due to economic and workplace trends, today’s followers are increasingly being tasked with carrying out work responsibilities traditionally assigned to leaders. Consequently, leaders are increasingly being tasked with a higher-order, superordinate responsibilities. Thus, it is important that theory and research catch up with practice in recognizing this shift. We present servant leadership as a starting point for understanding the superordinate leadership role. We integrate existing literature to present a parsimonious model of key servant leadership competencies and compare these to existing models of followership and leadership. Finally, we discuss work characteristics in which the superordinate leadership role, and consequently servant leadership competencies, will likely present the greatest utility.
Crafting a third space: Integrative strategies for implementing critical citizenship education in a standards-based classroom

Abstract In the transformative era of globalization, traditional conceptions of citizenship are challenged by a new idea of citizenship education in which students are empowered to get involved in civic actions designed to promote social justice. This single case study extends scholarship on critical citizenship education by illuminating the experience of a South Korean elementary teacher who effectively implemented the teaching of critical consciousness and social action skills in the standards-based social studies classroom by responding creatively to the mandated standards. The findings highlight three instructional strategies that the teacher created to deal with dilemmas recognized in the practice of critical citizenship education. Practical implications are provided to help teachers, teacher educators, and school leaders craft better opportunities for children to be engaged in critical citizens.
Learning Outcomes of Computer-Assisted Translation: Direct Assessment and Self-Assessment

This study evaluates the learning outcomes of a graduate course in computer-assisted translation. This graduate course is designed to contribute toward the achievement of five learning outcomes that are intrinsically associated with translator technical skills in the increasingly global language industry. Data from direct assessment are compared with student perceptions of the achievement of these outcomes. Assessment of outcomes is performed through direct measurements of student performance in assignments and projects. Student perceptions are quantified through an online questionnaire that evaluates their response toward (a) task-based and project-based learning; (b) collaborative, higher-order thinking; and (c) open-ended problem solving. An analysis of the learning outcomes and student self-assessment indicates that self-assessment can be a helpful tool for enhancing the achievement of outcomes and strengthening student engagement.
Care-ful definition of consent.

This proposal is an attempt to intervene in psychology’s violent past and troubling present by calling for notions of “care-ful” practice, compelling us to recognize and celebrate the permeable, porous, and flexible boundaries between bodies and selves. With this heuristic of care, this article hopes to trouble the separation between rigor and relational responsibility, to trouble objectivism, to oust the illusion of cool rationality, and to offer an affective understanding of consent that refuses to deny sexuality in bodies oppressed with the label of intellectually disabled.
Consensus control for energy storage system

In this paper, consensus integral control is applied for energy storage in microgrids to synchronize the state-of charge (SoC) and power levels of batteries with limited information exchange. Both local information (SoC and power level) and neighbors' information (SoC and power level) will be fed into an integral control installed at every battery converter. The design is based on consensus control and takes into consideration of realworld battery coordination requirements, e.g., all batteries should work in the same charging or discharging mode. Compared with the consensus control in the existing literature for voltage consensus or battery SoC/power consensus, this paper offers a simple design. The major assumption of the paper is that each converter should possess an integral control. This assumption is valid since indeed integral controls exist if converters are equipped with secondary frequency control. The designed consensus control is validated by simulations on 14-bus microgrid and IEEE 57-bus power system. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the consensus integral control for variety modes of operation: charging, discharging, and load variation.
Analysis of Scanned Documents — a Syntactic Approach

Pages from technical journals are analyzed with a syntactic approach to hierarchically identify the spatial structure of a scanned document image and to assign logical labels to its component blocks. These blocks may be fields of text, tables and figures. Publication-specific knowledge is used in the segmentation and labeling of the blocks. The information is meticulously coded in the form of block-grammars used to describe the relationships between the various entity classes or blocks. Lexical and syntax analysis tools, Lex and Yacc, are used to segment and label the blocks. These block-grammars can be generated manually or from a parameter table. Further extensions involving multiple grammars and backtracking algorithms are also discussed.
Quality-Differentiated Demand and Market Efficiency

The paper begins with a discussion of how quality considerations manifest themselves in consumer choice. The concept of latent separability is used to develop a utility structure for quality-differentiated goods, one consistent with the principle of vertical product differentiation and one that allows for a mix of quality levels in a well-ordered market basket, thus overcoming an important limitation in the literature on quality variation. The second part of the paper takes up the question of optimal quality variation under alternative market structures, revealing a more complex critique of monopoly distortions once quality considerations are accounted for.
The Effects of Ocean Dumping on the New York Bight Ecosystem

The effects of ocean dumping on a marine ecosystem must be considered in the context of the character and quantity of all contaminants reaching the system. The highly variable nature of natural factors within the ecosystem and of waste inputs to it make the direct determination of cause-effect relationships of anthropogenic materials quite difficult to discern. Indirect methods for such determination are possible, obviating the need for exhaustive study of waste materials and the ecosystem. All of these factors are addressed in a case study of the New York Bight ecosystem.
Orbital Imaging in Strabismus.

Normal orbital anatomy plays a foundational role in stabilizing binocular eye movements. Abnormal orbital anatomy, contrariwise, destabilizes binocular eye alignment by introducing eccentric and un...
The semantics of potential intentions

The SharedPlans theory provides an axiomatic framework of collaborative plans based on four types of intentional attitudes. However, there still lacks an adequate semantics for the 'potential intention' operators. In this paper, we give a formal semantics to potential intentions, and examine models that can validate various relations between beliefs, intentions, and potential intentions.
Compassionate Colleague, Genetic Counselor, and Friend.

With wide-eyed enthusiasm, she came to work with us in June of 1997 after finishing her genetic counseling training program at Cincinnati. Her duties included half-time coordination for neurosensory genetics clinic and counseling in a craniofacial clinic and a half-time position providing pediatric genetic counseling at a university. Fresh out of graduate school, she had been a member of our genetics team a little more than 1 year. She experienced the common challenges of a new counselor—dictation, learning new syndromes, patient volume, time constraints, insurance issues, and just generally learning how to apply what we learn in graduate school to our clinical practice. She would ask each “veteran” counselor the same questions to get every possible perspective in preparation to see a patient. She was Margaret Peggy Kolodziej. What makes Peggy’s story so unique is that, to our knowledge, she is the only genetic counselor who lost her life while performing her duties as a genetic counselor. In October of 1998, she was killed in a car accident while returning from a satellite genetics clinic. Many times we do not realize the impact we have on other people. Sad to say, we did not fully appreciate how dedicated Peggy was until the cards and notes came in after her death. It is amazing to us that as short as her professional life was as a genetic counselor, she touched so many lives. One parent wrote,
Test requirements for solid breeder blanket thermal behavior

Testing of solid breeder blanket issues may be constrained by available test device parameters such as heat source and pulse length. Consequently, it is important to consider methods to preserve fu...
Radiographic distribution of ureteral stones in 78 cats.

Objective To document the distribution of ureteral stones in cats. Study design Retrospective case series. Animals Seventy-eight cats. Methods Abdominal radiographs with ureteral stones were reviewed. The location of stones was categorized as proximal ureter (PU), midureter (MU), or ureterovesicular junction (UVJ). The number, size, and location of stones were recorded by using the kidneys and vertebral bodies as landmarks. Stone location in cats with 1 versus multiple stones was assessed. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the incidence of ureteral stone location. Results Among cats with a single stone (44%, 34/78), 44% (15/34) had a stone in the PU, 41% (14/34) had a stone in the MU, and 15% (5/34) had a stone at the UVJ. When multiple stones were present, 61% (27/44) of cats had at least 1 stone located in the PU, 70% (31/44) had at least 1 stone located in the MU, and 34% (15/44) had at least 1 stone located at the UVJ. The L4 vertebral body most commonly marked stone location in cats with 1 stone and the most distal stone in cats with multiple stones. Stones located at the UVJ site were more common in male (37%) than in female (12%) cats (P = 0.004). Larger stone size was associated with a more proximal location (P = 0.04). Conclusion Ureteral stones were more commonly located in the PU and the MU than in the UVJ. UVJ stones were more common in male than in female cats, and larger stones had a more proximal location. Clinical significance This study enhances our understanding of feline ureteral stone location and identifies a correlation between stone location and stone size.
Associate Degree Nursing Students’ Perceived Barriers to Baccalaureate Nursing Education and Intentions to Enroll in a Baccalaureate-only Nursing Environment

Abstract Although they are known to be nontraditional, studies have not addressed Associate Degree Nursing (ADN) students' choice of the ADN route to professional nursing practice. A survey of ADN students revealed perceived barriers to baccalaureate nursing education and that up to 37% would not have enrolled if the baccalaureate had been the minimum requirement to become registered nurses. The findings could provide information for more reasoned solutions toward the goal of advancing nurses' education.
Tailored dielectric and magnetic properties of composite electroceramics with ferroelectric and ferrimagnetic components

High-frequency coaxial waveguide measurements are used to evaluate composition- and frequency-dependent complex permittivities and permeabilities of polycrystalline ferroelectric and ferrimagnetic ceramics. Material dielectric and magnetic property measurements were performed on ferroelectric barium titanate (BaTiO3) and ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet (YIG), with the upper measurement frequency bound below gyromagnetic resonance of YIG. These polycrystalline materials were chosen because of their widespread use in voltage- and magnetic field-tunable devices. Wideband frequency material measurements were used to predict dielectric and magnetic properties of various two-phase composite media incorporating BaTiO3 and YIG. Two effective medium theories were used: an asymmetric, modified Maxwell-Garnett type and a symmetric Bruggeman model. The Bruggeman effective medium model is extended to include three-phases. The three-phase Bruggeman predictive model is employed when controlled porosity is introduced into the composite and when two component phases are combined with polytetrafluoroethylene.
dAFM: Fusing Psychometric and Connectionist Modeling for Q-matrix Refinement

We introduce a model which combines principles from psychometric and connectionist paradigms to allow direct Q-matrix refinement via backpropagation. We call this model dAFM, based on augmentation of the original Additive Factors Model (AFM), whose calculations and constraints we show can be exactly replicated within the framework of neural networks. In order to parameterize the Q-matrix definition in the model, the associations between questions and knowledge components (KC) need to be represented by adjustable weights. Furthermore, student KC opportunity counts, instead of serving as fixed inputs, need to be calculated dynamically as the Q-matrix changes during training. We describe our solutions to these two modeling challenges and evaluate several variants of our fully realized model on datasets from the Cognitive Tutor and ASSISTments. We compare learning the Q-matrix from scratch vs. refining an expert specified KC model and evaluate various procedures for refinement. In our quantitative predictive analysis, we find that dAFM learns a better generalizing Q-matrix than the original expert model in all our primary datasets. Using a development set, we also find that the dAFM Q-matrix is superior to KC representations extracted from trained Deep Knowledge Tracing and skip-gram models. Examples are shown of questions whose fit was improved by dAFM with depictions of their original and refined KC associations. We consistently find in our experiments that our dAFM variant which attempted to learn the Q-matrix from scratch underperformed models which started with an expert defined Q-matrix that was then refined. This observation continues a theme in EDM of utility found in the enduring value of expert domain knowledge enhanced through data-driven refinement.
A Naturalistic Observation of Spontaneous Touches to the Body and Environment in the First 2 Months of Life.

Self-generated touches to the body or supporting surface are considered important contributors to the emergence of an early sense of the body and self in infancy. Both are critical for the formation of later goal-directed actions. Very few studies have examined in detail the development of these early spontaneous touches during the first months of life. In this study, we followed weekly four infants in two naturalistic 5-minute sessions (baseline and toys-in-view) as they laid alert in supine from the age of 3 weeks until they acquired head control. We found that throughout the two months of observation, infants engaged in a high rate of touch and spent about 50 percent of the time moving their hands from one touch location to the next. On most sessions, they produced up to 200 body/surface contacts and touched as many as 18 different areas (mainly upper body and floor) with each hand. When we did not consider the specific areas touched, the rates of touches were higher to the body than to the floor, but the duration of contacts and the most touched areas were higher for the supporting surface than for the body. Until the age of 9 weeks, we found no consistent differences in the rate of touch between head and trunk. Infants also did not display significant differences in their rate of touch between right and left hand or between conditions. However, we discovered that in the earlier weeks, infants engaged more often in what we called “complex touches”. Complex touches were touches performed across several body/floor areas in one continuous bout while the hand maintained contact with the body or floor. Single touches, in contrast, corresponded to one touch to one single body or floor area at a time. We suggest that infants are active explorers of their own body and peripersonal space from day 1 and that these early self-generated and deeply embodied sensorimotor experiences form the critical foundation from which future behaviors develop.