cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Neoplasia: Epidemiological Considerations

Recent clinical research using new diagnostic and laboratory techniques indicates that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may play a key role in the development of cervical neoplasia. Cervical HPV infection is found in 1-3% of routine Papanicolaou smears, and preliminary data suggest that women with cervical HPV infection have about a tenfold greater risk of developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) compared with those with no HPV infection. This paper discusses how epidemiological studies can reduce misclassification of cervical HPV infection and CIN through selective use of research advances in cytologic, histologic and colposcopic techniques. These studies can also assess whether certain potential cocarcinogens interact synergistically with HPV. Since an estimated 2-10% of women with cervical HPV lesions develop associated CIN within a year, it appears feasible to conduct prospective studies of the risk of malignant transformation of cervical HPV lesions.
CROSSING OVER AND CHROMOSOMAL SEGREGATION INVOLVING THE B9 ELEMENT OF THE A-B TRANSLOCATION B-9b IN MAIZE

some. ROMAN (1947, 1948), ROMAN and ULLSTRUP (1951), BELLINI, BIANCHI and OTTAVIANO (1961 ) , and BIANCHI, BELLINI, CONTIN and OTTAVIANO ( 1961 ) have described the behavior of such translocations when they are transmitted through the pollen. In the mitotic division of the generative nucleus to form the two sperm nuclei, the BA member of these translocations frequently undergoes nondisjunction resulting in one sperm with two BA elements (duplicate or hyperploid) and one sperm vvith no BA (deficient or hypoploid). Fertilizations involving pollen grains in which non-disjunction has occurred will produce two classes of seed. One class will result from the fertilization of the polar fusion nucleus by the hyperploid sperm and the egg nucleus by the hypoploid sperm. Such a seed will have two BA elements in the endosperm and none in the embryo. The second class will result from the hypoploid sperm nucleus fertilizing the polar fusion nucleus and the hyperploid sperm fertilizing the egg nucleus. The resulting seed will have no BPL chromosomes in the endosperm and two BA chromosomes in the embryo. Both of the above classes will receive the AB element of the translocation. This study is primarily concerned with an analysis of crossing over involving the BA element and its transmission through the female gametophyte. MATERIALS AND METHODS The translocation which was used, TB-Pb, has the distal 60% of the short arm of chromosome 9 transferred to a B chromosome (ROMAN and ULLSTRUP 1951). This segment includes ygr (yellow-green plant), c (colorless aleurone), sh, (shrunken seed), and other loci. The wx (waxy endosperm) locus is proximal to the break point. Figure la shows the probable break point in chromosome 9. This study began with hyperploid plants of the constitution 9 gBB9B9 in which the normal chromosome 9 carried the recessive genes c, sh,, and wz, the B9 chromosome carried dominant genes C (colored aleurone) and Sh, (plump seed), and the gB chromosome carried Wx (starchy seed). The genotype was thus CC c, Sh, Sh, sh,, Wx wx (Figure lb). These hyperploid plants were obtained originally by selecting colorless shrunken seeds from ears of a c c sh, sh, wx wx stock pollinated by a TBBb stock homozygous for the dominant alleles. The hyperploid plants were pollinated by a ''c tester stock" (a c c line that is homozygous for all of the other genes necessary for colored aleurone) of the constitution c c sh, sh, wx wx. To determine the chromo' Journal Paper No. 5.5493 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames. Project No. 1381.
Targeting the innate immune system as immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia.

Because of its disseminated nature and lack of tumor-draining lymph nodes, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) likely employs unique immune evasion strategies as compared to solid malignancies. Targeting these unique mechanisms may result in improved immunotherapeutic approaches. Emerging data suggests that a specific dendritic cell (DC) subset, CD8α DCs, may be responsible for mediating tolerance in AML and thus targeting the innate immune system may be of benefit in this disease. Promising immune targets include the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), calreticulin/CD47, the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). However, it is becoming clear that compensatory mechanisms may limit the efficacy of these agents alone and thus rationale combinations of immunotherapies are warranted. This review discusses the potential immune evasion strategies in AML, as well as discussion of the promising innate immune targets, both alone and in combination, for this disease.
What was lost in translation in the DHA trial is whom you should intend to treat

The results of a randomized double-blind placebocontrolled trial with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) published by Quinn and colleagues in JAMA argues against overall efficacy of DHA in slowing progression. However, certain caveats in the results caution against discarding DHA altogether, raising questions about oxidation, dosage, pharmacogenomics and stage of intervention.One potential misconception is that what works for prevention will slow progression in AD subjects.Preclinical studies with DHA supported the rationale for early stage intervention; and three epidemiological studies indicated DHA intake was associated with reduced risk in non-apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) carriers. Putative drugs are initially tested for impact on progression because prevention approaches are problematic. However, should a drug be discarded for prevention if it fails to modify progression? Consistent with epidemiology, DHA significantly benefited two measures of cognition in mild to moderate non-ApoE4 carriers. Although the results of this trial were overall negative, failing to modify other outcomes, this commentary discusses important questions raised by them. Should future trials pursue DHA in non-ApoE4 carriers for slowing progression? Since in vivo oxidation of DHA may have adverse effects, particularly in ApoE4 patients, should preclinical and clinical studies be performed to optimize dose and mitigate oxidation before pursuing intervention or prevention trials with DHA? And finally, should DHA be tested now for mild cognitive impairment or prevention?
History of Drainage in the Bureau of Reclamation

In the early days of the Reclamation Service, the criteria for irrigability of lands generally consisted of two elements: (1) is water available? and (2) can we get the water to the land? Within a few years, many of the early projects were experiencing reduced agricultural productivity and reduced ability to repay construction loans because the soils were becoming waterlogged and saline. By 1915, construction of subsurface drainage facilities had been initiated on several projects. However, at the time, subsurface drainage was more of an art than a science. Much of the world's experience with agricultural drainage had been gained in humid areas which were quite different from arid areas. With no standards and limited knowledge of ground water movement, these early drainage efforts met with varying degrees of success. This paper summarizes the development of scientific methods to ensure successful application of drainage in a sustainable irrigated agriculture. Reclamation has introduced these methods to solve irrigated drainage problems at the international level. This paper will address the international experience, and how the same design and construction methods and procedures are now being used to design corrective drainage facilities for dams and other major structures and to support environmental enhancement programs.
Gibbs sampling approach for generation of truncated multivariate Gaussian random variables

In many Monte Carlo simulations, it is important to generate samples from given densities. Researchers in statistical signal processing and related disciplines have shown increased interest for a generator of random vectors with truncated multivariate normal probability density functions (PDFs). A straightforward method for their generation is to draw samples from the multivariate normal density and reject the ones that are outside the acceptance region. This method, which is known as rejection sampling, can be very inefficient, especially for high dimensions and/or relatively small supports of the random vectors. We propose an approach for generation of vectors with truncated Gaussian densities based on Gibbs sampling, which is simple to use and does not reject any of the generated vectors.
Hormonal and morphological predictors of women’s body attractiveness ☆

article i nfo Article history: Initial receipt 22 September 2013 Final revision received 3 January 2014 Does women's body attractiveness predict indices of reproductive capacity? Prior research has provided evidence that large breast size and low waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) are positively associated with women's estrogen and progesterone concentrations, but no previous studies appear to have directly tested whether ratings of women's body attractiveness are predicted by higher concentrations of ovarian hormones measured across broad regions of the menstrual cycle. Here, we collected daily saliva samples across 1-2 menstrual cycles from a sample of young women; assayed the samples for estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone; obtained anthropometric measurements of the women's bodies; and also obtained attractiveness ratings of the women's bodies from photographs of them taken in standardized clothing with faces obscured. Contrary to previous research, mean hormone concentrations were uncorrelated with breast size and WHR. Body mass index (BMI) was a very strong negative predictor of body attractiveness ratings, similar to previous findings. Zero-order associations between women's mean hormone concentra- tions and mean attractiveness ratings were not significant; however, after controlling for BMI, attractiveness ratings were independently and positively associated with both estradiol and testosterone concentrations. Discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for whether attractiveness assessment mechanisms are specialized for the detection of cues of differential fecundity in young women's bodies.
The Petition to Exhume John Wilkes Booth: A View from the Inside

Rarely do history debates leave the confines of classrooms, academic journals, or meetings of amateur historians. Did George Washington really chop down a cherry tree? Or, on a more serious note, did Franklin Roosevelt have advance warning of Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor?In Maryland, however, an obscure history debate exploded into the courts. The debate involved John Wilkes Booth - America's greatest villain - and the contention that he escaped in 1865. Most historians and history buffs consider the escape theory to be folly, or even fraud. Nevertheless, the reliability of the Booth escape story was litigated in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City and in the Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. I never imagined that I would have the opportunity to try a case that might be noted by historians. Most cases fade away quickly, even those with reported opinions, but the suit to exhume John Wilkes Booth was likely to be remembered. Regardless of how historians might view the case's outcome, representing Green Mount Cemetery in the exhumation petition provided me with a history lesson and a court trial I will never forget. This article relates what happened in the case and some of my experiences.
Robust sensor systems using evolvable hardware

This paper describes a system that is robust with respect to sensor failure. The system utilizes multiple sensor inputs (three in this case) connected to a programmable device (FPAA) that averages the outputs from the sensors. The programmable device is programmed using evolvable hardware (EHW) techniques. If one or more of the input sensors fails, then the controller detects the failure and initiates a reprogramming of the circuit. The system then continues to operate with a reduced number of sensors. The failure detection is accomplished by comparing the actual system output with a Kalman filter estimate of the output. If the actual output and the filter estimate differ by amount greater than the system uncertainty, then a failure is noted. The system is robust to several different failure modes: sensor fails as open circuit, sensor fails as short circuit, multiple sensors fail, FPAA input amplifier failure. The experimental setup is described as well as results using simulated inputs (individual voltage sources) and actual temperature sensors (PRTDs). The paper also discusses some interesting results as well as issues that must be overcome to expand the system.
Revisiting Baron's “Lachrymose Conception”: The Meanings of Violence in Jewish History

In a paper entitled, “Newer Emphases in Jewish History,” published in 1963, Salo Baron wrote: “All my life I have been struggling against the hitherto dominant “lachrymose conception of Jewish history” … because I have felt that an overemphasis on Jewish sufferings distorted the total picture of the Jewish historic evolution….” Indeed, if one was to choose a single idea that encapsulated the legacy of Baron, perhaps the pre-eminent Jewish historian of the twentieth century, it would probably be this: Jewish history is not to be seen simply as a series of persecutions, which determined its nature and its course, but rather as a process of ongoing engagement between the Jews and their surroundings.
Parallel solution of piecewise-linear transistor circuits

The implementation of a dynamic partitioning and solution method for the simulation of transistor circuits on a shared memory parallel computer is presented. Transistor characteristics are represented by piecewise-linear curves. Partitioning and partition updating are done by region number comparisons coupled to a parallel clustering algorithm. Partitioning results in completely DC decoupled subcircuits, which are then solved in parallel. When small floating capacitances (Miller capacitance) are included and not considered during partitioning, a Gauss-Jacobi method is applied for efficient use of processors. Simulation on an Alliant FX/8 computer with eight processors has shown speed improvements of six times compared to one processor. >
Geriatric Telemental Health

Despite the stereotype that elders may have significant resistance with respect to both technology and mental health care, there are preliminary indications that, in fact, telemental health interventions are accepted and effective. There is a large and growing need for geriatric mental health services. Numerous workforce, physical, socioeconomic, cultural, and demographic factors present barriers to care. Telemedicine may provide a means of overcoming some of these barriers to improve access to and quality of care. Studies of telemental health interventions among the elderly have largely been well received, although there are little to no data on specific predictors of acceptance. Similarly, effectiveness studies in community, veterans, and nursing home populations have found these interventions to be accepted and largely effective. Most studies have found telemental-based assessments to be valid, although there is some question regarding severity cutoff scores and overall, very limited data to date. At the end of this chapter, we present three clinical examples based on the authors’ experience conducting telemental health in geriatric clinical settings.
Bonds, binds and binaries: Women, girls, silence, sexual desire and intergenerational transmission

This paper addresses the intergenerational transmission between women and girls surrounding the experience of sexual desire. I propose that at the heart of such transmission we find trauma, fear, silence, and a psychological dissociation that takes place in both adult women and girls – conceptualized here as a form of mutual dissociation called the dissociative bond, rooted in the larger social patriarchal structure. I point to the healing power of understanding this in a psychoanalytic framework and of particular forms of social activism (exemplified by SPARK, a grassroots feminist organization) as pathways toward resistance and transformation.
A ritz-type approach to the calculation of optimal control for nonlinear, dynamic systems

A Ritz-type parameterization of the control functions is used to simplify the calculation of optimal control functions. From the well-known gradient technique for problems constrained by differential equations, an iteration formula for the parameters is derived. This approach allows the efficient solution of fairly general problems even if only small computers (like desk-top calculators, personal computers or micro/mini computers) are used.
General Method for Exponential-Type Equations for Eight- and Nine-Point Prismatic Arrays

The results of three-parameter experiments are commonly interpreted by the trilinear equation for eight data in a prismatic array. Ifa center point estimate is available, the eight-and nine-point arrays can be represented by new exponential-type equations. The equations are easy to generate, they are invariant under data translation, and they estimate curvature coefficients.
The Role of Atlanta's Geographic Location in the Alabama, Florida and Georgia Water Dispute

From a water resources perspective, Atlanta’s geographic location is problematic. The city is located in the Piedmont Province, a region with limited ground water and situated near the headwaters of the streams that the region depends on for water. In addition, a continental divide runs through Atlanta, resulting in small stream forming in and flowing from the metropolitan area. With increasing demands for water due to population and economic growth, it is essential that Atlanta make the most effective use of the water it has. In addition, the problems confronting the Atlanta region may be a harbinger of similar problems that will appear as other metropolitan areas in the Piedmont Province grow.
Radiolabelled disaccharide substrates for the detection of sanfilippo syndromes A, B and C

The Sanfilippo syndromes are a group of autosomal recessive disorders (incidence may be higher than 1:24,000) of heparan sulphate catabolism that result in progressive and severe mental retardation, behavioural disturbances and premature death. The 3 known enzyme deficiencies that cause the Sanfilippo phenotype are sulphamidase (type A), α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (type B) and acetyl-CoA; α-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase (type C). These enzymes are involved in the degradation of the mucopolysaccharide heparan sulphate which has been shown to accumulate in most tissues and to be excreted in excessive amounts in the urine of many Sanfilippo patients. To overcome the disadvantages associated with using the conventional substrates, we have prepared a series of radiolabelled disaccharides which correspond more or less closely to the structure of specific segments in heparan sulphate. All of these disaccharides eontain an a-glucosaminide-N-sulphate residue linked to either idose (GlcNS-Ido). idose-2-sulphate (GlcNS-Ido(OS)), gluconic acid (GlcNS-GlcOA) or 2,5 anhydroidonic acid (GlcNS-anldOA). Normal fibroblasts de-N-sulphated all but the first at approximately 1 4 pmol/min/mg protein, but Sanfilippo A fibroblasts were inactive ( Similarly, the corresponding N-acetylated disaccharides GlcNAc-Ido and GlcN Ac-GlcOA were de-N-acetylated by normal fibroblast homogenates (3 pmol/min/mg and 17 pmol/min/mg respectively) but were not by Sanfilippo B fibroblasts. In the presence of Acetyl-CoA, GlcN-ldo and GlcN-GlcOA were actively acetylatcd by the N-acetyltransferase activity of normal fibroblasts at 10 pmol/min/mg: this enzyme is deficient in Sanfilippo type C. We conclude these disaccharides are convenient and significant improvements upon the conventional diagnostic substrates for the assay of the Sanfilippo enzymes.
Nanoscale organic-inorganic hybrid lubricants.

Silica (SiO2) nanoparticles densely grafted with amphiphilic organic chains are used to create a family of organic−inorganic hybrid lubricants. Short sulfonate-functionalized alkylaryl chains covalently tethered to the particles form a dense corona brush that stabilizes them against aggregation. When these hybrid particles are dispersed in poly-α-olefin (PAO) oligomers, they form homogeneous nanocomposite fluids at both low and high particle loadings. By varying the volume fraction of the SiO2 nanostructures in the PAO nanocomposites, we show that exceptionally stable hybrid lubricants can be created and that their mechanical properties can be tuned to span the spectrum from simple liquids to complex gels. We further show that these hybrid lubricants simultaneously exhibit lower interfacial friction coefficients, enhanced wear and mechanical properties, and superior thermal stability in comparison with either PAO or its nanocomposites created at low nanoparticle loadings. Profilometry and energy dispersiv...
The research and discussion of the current radar simulation system model

At present it introduce a simulation method that always aimed at some special type of radar in all kinds of radar simulations,But it has not a universal and a systemic radar digital simutation method.Regarding to the problem of simulations,this paper introduces a digital simulation method.This method not only could be used by itself,but also could be used in other weapon simulations.Firstly mdelling on attenuation in clouds and attenuation by rain,Echo power,interferences and consumption of all systems respectively,people could get the maximum functioning distance of radar by the radar equation、the signal-to-jamming Ratio,and the probability of detection under the condition of CFAR(Constant False Alarm Rate).Using the method of producing a radom variable of uniform distribution in the interval,whether targets are detected can be judged.Then we can get the angle error and distance error by the angle and distance equation,and could know the orientation of the target,realize the function simulation of radar.This paper give the simulation result in the context of jam and attenuation in clouds and attenuation by rain.In the end,the flow of the whole software is detailed.
Situation of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis in Jiangyin City from 2006-2011

[Objective]To analyze the situation of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis in Jiangyin City in the recent years,provide the scientific basis for carrying out effective protective measures of occupational hazards.[Methods]The monitoring results of newly diagnosed cases of pneumoconiosis from the Health factors monitoring information system of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention during 2006-2011 were statistically analyzed.[Results]There were 513 newly diagnosed cases of pneumoconiosis in Jiangyin city from 2006-2011,and most of them were dust-exposed workers in mining enterprise which had been closed by Jiangyin government in 2004.313 cases of pneumoconiosis were in stage Ⅰ,which accounted for 61.01%,and 148 cases were in stage Ⅱ,52 cases were in stage Ⅲ.494 cases were silicosis,which accounted for 96.30%.44.64% of patients were transportation worker.The average age of onset was(59.85±8.49) year-old,and the latent period was(33.27±9.26) years.[Conclusion]The situation of pneumoconiosis prevention and control is still serious in Jiangyin City.It is necessary to strengthen prevention and management of occupational disease to ensure the personal interest of workers.
Ammoniagenic Coma Following Ureterosigmoidostomy

AbstractAmmoniagenic coma or episodic stupor is a rare complication of ureterosigmoidostomy. We report a case with the unusual features of normal liver function and normal liver biopsy. With extremely rare exception, ammoniagenic coma will not occur in the presence of normal ornithine-urea cycle synthesis in the liver.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the Treatment of Allergic and Asthmatic Disease

The field of complementary and alternative medicine in allergic disease is a constantly growing one; throughout the sections to follow, we will provide recent evidence-based examples of its use in the treatment of asthma and allergic disease. In this review, the current literature discusses complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) interventions, the prevalence and pattern of use, CAM use with patients, and examples of specific modalities. The specific risks of CAM interventions associated with the use of these modalities, omission of traditional therapeutic modalities, and the liability risk for physicians who either provide or counsel their patients regarding CAM interventions are also discussed.
An automatic in-home fall detection system using Doppler radar signatures

One in three elders over the age of 65 falls each year in the United States. This paper describes a non-invasive fall detection system based on a Doppler radar sensor. The developed system has been tested in two environments: laboratory and real senior living apartments. While some laboratory results appeared in our previous papers, the main novelty of this paper consists in the deployment of our fall detection system in six apartments from TigerPlace (a senior living facility in Columbia, Missouri). The fall detection results obtained in our laboratory were excellent, with the radar placed on the ceiling performing better than on the floor. The fall detection system was then evaluated using radar data collected over two weeks in six TigerPlace apartments. The fall detection system successfully detected all six natural senior falls in an apartment for the examined one week.
Construction of the Bacteriochlorin Macrocycle with Concomitant Nazarov Cyclization To Form the Annulated Isocyclic Ring: Analogues of Bacteriochlorophyll a

Bacteriochlorophylls contain a bacteriochlorin macrocycle bearing an annulated fifth ring. The fifth ring, termed the isocyclic ring or ring E, is equipped with 131-oxo and 132-carbomethoxy substituents. Herein, a general route to stable, synthetic bacteriochlorophyll analogues is described. Knoevenagel condensation (∼40 mM, rt, CH2Cl2, piperidine/AcOH/molecular sieves) of a dihydrodipyrrin–carboxaldehyde (AD half) and a dihydrodipyrrin substituted with a β-ketoester (BC half) forms a propenone bearing the two halves (a hydrobilin analogue). Subsequent treatment (0.2 mM) with acid (Yb(OTf)3, CH3CN, 80 °C) promotes a double ring-closure process: (i) condensation between the α-position of pyrrole ring A and the α-acetal unit attached to pyrroline ring B forms the bacteriochlorin macrocycle, and (ii) Nazarov cyclization of the β-(propenoyl)-substituted ring C forms the isocyclic ring (E). Five new bacteriochlorins bearing various substituents (alkyl/alkyl, aryl, and alkyl/ester) at positions 2 and 3 (β-pyrro...
An experimental study of single-film wide gamut multi-twist retarders

ABSTRACTMulti-Twist Retarders (MTRs) are a class of complex retarders created by stacking multiple layers of various polymerizable nematic liquid crystal mixtures, where a chiral dopant may be adde...
Results of Inferior Vena Cava Resection for Renal Cell Carcinoma

AbstractA total of 24 patients with renal cell carcinoma involving the inferior vena cava underwent thoracoabdominal radical nephrectomy with removal of tumor thrombus by an open or closed technique. The tumor extended in the inferior vena cava to the level of the renal or lower hepatic veins in 18 patients and it reached the level of the diaphragm or right atrium in 6. Of the 24 patients 3 with preoperative findings minimally suggestive of disseminated disease were shown later to have metastases in the questionable areas, 3 with disease at the level of the diaphragm had incomplete resections, 4 had metastases to regional lymph nodes and 1 had questionable preoperative findings and lymph node metastases. Only 13 of the 24 patients (54 per cent) did not have either disseminated or residual tumor postoperatively. The mean survival duration of this subgroup (20 months) was comparable to that of the group as a whole (21 months). However, 4 patients from this subgroup are free of disease, with a mean followup ...
Automating Infrastructure Composition for Internet Services

This paper describes a framework for automatically configuring relationships that tie together the software and hardware infrastructure components for an Internet-based service, which we also call "composing" the service infrastructure. Management and infrastructure software employ the framework to specify, discover, and react to changes in the infrastructure components participating in the service, automatically configuring cross-component relationships based on this information. This plays a key role in increasing the flexibility of a highly dynamic service infrastructure by reducing manual configuration required to redeploy resources. The framework also facilitates enterprises distributed across multiple autonomous administrative domains by automating chores required to tie resources distributed among the domains together into a cohesive service. We advocate extending existing service discovery protocols to distribute the information needed by the framework and suggest this as an area for future standardization.
Smith, Andrew W. M., and Chris Jeppesen, eds. Britain, France and the Decolonization of Africa: Future Imperfect? London: UCL Press 254 pp., £35.00, ISBN 978–1911307754 Publication Date: March 2017

In this book, the editors (Andrew Smith and Chris Jeppesen), with seven fellow contributors, revisit the eventful two decades that led to the undoing of the British and French Empires in Africa bet...
Exactly thirteen connected cubic graphs have integral spectra

The problem of identifying those graphs whose spectra consist entirely of integers was first posed by F. Harary. We examined some elementary procedures for constructing integral graphs in [6]. Although the general problem seems intractible, it is easy to find the seven connected graphs with integral spectra, maximum degree at most three, and minimum degree less than three. This article was inspired by Cvetkovic's attempt [4] to find the connected cubic integral graphs. He had displayed twelve such graphs, and had restricted the remaining possibilities to ninety-five potential spectral.
Determination of specific heat and true thermal conductivity of glass from dynamic temperature data

A method to determine the true specific heat and true thermal conductivity for glass and other semitransparent materials from dynamic temperature data is presented. A unique fabrication technique to obtain high quality dynamic temperature data from glass test plates employing thermocouples fused to the glass is described. The true thermal conductivity and specific heat of float glass has been measured using these techniques, and the results are compared with the scant data available in the literature. Sensitivity of the measured specific heat and thermal conductivity to sources of uncertainty is identified and these are discussed.
A master analytical scheme for organics in water

ABSTRACT A Master Analytical Scheme (MAS) has been developed for the analysis of volatile (gas chromatographable) organic compounds in water. In developing the MAS, it was necessary to evaluate and modify existing analysis procedures and develop new techniques to produce a master scheme that provides for the comprehensive qualitative-quantitative analysis of almost all volatile organics in many types of water. The MAS provides for analysis of purgeable, extractable, neutral intractable and ionic intractable organics in surface and drinking waters and in industrial, energy-related and municipal effluents. Nominal lower quantifiable limits are 0.1 μg/l for drinking water, 1 μg/l for surface water, and 10 μg/l for effluents.
Microsoft Research at TREC 2010 Web Track.

This paper describes our entry into the TREC 2010 Web track. We extracted and ranked results for both last year’s and this year’s topics from the ClueWeb09 corpus using a parallel processing pipeline that avoids the generation of an inverted file. We describe the components of the parallel architecture and the pipeline and how we ran the TREC experiments, and we present effectiveness results.
A Comparative Study of Two New Structure Types. Synthesis and Structural and Electronic Characterization of K(RE)P2Se6 (RE = Y, La, Ce, Pr, Gd)

Two polytypes of potassium rare-earth-metal hexaselenodiphosphates(IV), K(RE)P2Se6 (RE = Y, La, Ce, Pr, Gd), have been synthesized from the stoichiometric reaction of RE, P, Se, and K2Se4 at 750 °C...
Tradeoffs and tools for data quality, privacy, transparency, and trust in citizen science

Abstract Emerging technologies make it increasingly straightforward for scientists to collect data that are fine in scale, broad in scope, and transparent with open access. However, the resulting datasets may contain sensitive information such as location information about endangered resources or private landowners. These tensions are particularly relevant for citizen science programs which engage the public in answering scientific questions. Citizen science programs are often promoted as being able to achieve multiple scientific (e.g. quality data and open sharing of data) and social goals (e.g. increased transparency and public trust), but likely tensions between these desired outcomes are less frequently discussed. We develop a conceptual framework for tensions in citizen science information and review the internal policies and practices currently used to navigate between data sharing and privacy protection. We also examine the case of Snapshot Wisconsin's wildlife camera traps on private land to understand how program managers balanced data production and sharing with protection of sensitive information and how citizen scientists perceived the project. We found that programs may be forced to make tradeoffs between data quality, privacy protection, resource security, transparency, and trust. In order to maximize conservation outcomes, we recommend that managers anticipate potential tradeoffs in advance of data collection, develop policies and practices to address these, and practice iterative evaluation that solicits feedback from participants.
Forcing Some to Pay for the Free Speech of Others

Colleges love to compete by freely disclosing to students, and potential students, the costs of tuition and room and board.
Path Planning for Within-Hand Manipulation over Learned Representations of Safe States

This work proposes a framework for tracking a desired path of an object held by an adaptive hand via within-hand manipulation. Such underactuated hands are able to passively achieve stable contacts with objects. Combined with vision-based control and data-driven state estimation process, they can solve tasks without accurate hand-object models or multi-modal sensory feedback. In particular, a data-driven regression process is used here to estimate the probability of dropping the object for given manipulation states. Then, an optimization-based planner aims to track the desired path while avoiding states that are above a threshold probability of dropping the object. The optimized cost function, based on the principle of Dynamic-Time Warping (DTW), seeks to minimize the area between the desired and the followed path. By adapting the threshold for the probability of dropping the object, the framework can handle objects of different weights without retraining. Experiments involving writing letters with a marker, as well as tracing randomized paths, were conducted on the Yale Model T-42 hand. Results indicate that the framework successfully avoids undesirable states, while minimizing the proposed cost function, thereby producing object paths for within-hand manipulation that closely match the target ones .
Temporal Frequency Analysis: Target Isolation and Signal Optimization

Unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) have grown significantly within the private sector with ease of acquisition and platform capabilities far outstretching what previously existed. Where once the operation of these platforms was limited to skilled individuals, increased computational power, manufacturing techniques, and increased autonomy allows inexperienced individuals to skillfully maneuver these devices. With this rise in consumer use of UAS comes an increased security concern regarding their use for malicious intent.The focus area of counter UAS (CUAS) remains a challenging space due to a small cross-sectioned UAS’s ability to move in all three dimensions, attain very high speeds, carry payloads of notable weight, and avoid standard delay techniques.We examine frequency analysis of pixel fluctuation over time to exploit the temporal frequency signature present in UAS imagery. This signature allows for lower pixels-on-target detection [1]. The methodology also acts as a method of assessment due to the distinct frequency signatures of UAS when examined against the standard nuisance alarms such as birds. The temporal frequency analysis (TFA) method demonstrates a UAS detection and assessment method. In this paper we discuss signal processing and Fourier filter optimization methodologies that increase UAS contrast.
Pediatric Myocardial T1 and T2 Value Associations with Age and Heart Rate at 1.5 T

The objective of the study was to determine normal global left ventricular reference values for T1 and T2 in children. This is a retrospective study that included healthy subjects, age 5-19 years, who underwent CMR for the indication of pectus excavatum from 2018 to 2019. Linear regression models were used to determine associations of native T1 and T2 values to heart rate, age, and other CMR parameters. 102 patients with a mean age of 14.0 ± 2.4 years were included (range 5.4-18.8). 87 (85%) were males and 15 (15%) were females. The mean global T1 was 1018 ± 25 ms and the mean T2 was 53 ± 3 ms. T1 was negatively correlated with age (r = - 0.39, p < 0.001) and positively correlated with heart rate (r = 0.32, p < 0.001) by univariate analysis. Multivariable analysis showed that age and heart rate were independently associated with T1. T2 demonstrated a weak negative correlation with age (r = - 0.20, p = 0.047) and no correlation with heart rate. There was no difference in T1 (p = 0.23) or T2 (p = 0.52) between genders. This study reports normal pediatric T1 and T2 values at a 1.5 Tesla scanner. T1 was dependent on age and heart rate, while T2 was less dependent on age with no correlation with heart rate.
Influential and Highest Cited Shoulder Instability Articles: A Bibliometric Analysis:

Background:In orthopaedic surgery and other fields, the effect of influential journal articles has been evaluated by their citation counts and their correlation with methodological quality.Purpose:...
Origin of the primitive, strongly SiO 2 -undersaturated alkalic rocks from the Deccan Traps by low-degree mantle melting and high-pressure fractional crystallization

Strongly SiO2-undersaturated alkalic rocks (Mg# > 50, SiO2 ≤ 45 wt%, Na2O + K2O ≥ 3 wt%) occur in three early-stage (Sarnu-Dandali, Mundwara, Bhuj) and one late-stage (Murud-Janjira) rift-associated volcanic complexes in the Cretaceous-Paleogene Deccan Traps flood basalt province of India. Thermobarometry based on clinopyroxene-liquid equilibrium suggests that they mostly crystallized beneath the Moho at ~ 15 kbar/1270 °C to ~ 11–12 kbar/1115–1156 °C pressures and temperatures. Primary magma compositions in equilibrium with lherzolite were estimated through reverse fractionation calculations by incrementally adding equilibrium phases to the rocks in olivine:clinopyroxene:spinel:phlogopite = 12:68:20:15 proportions at low temperatures followed by olivine:clinopyroxene:spinel = 12:68:20 proportions at higher temperatures. A comparison of the primary magmas with experimentally generated melts shows that their compositions are consistent with an origin from garnet lherzolite sources with < 1 wt% H2O and CO2. Hornblendite, pyroxenite (except for some Bhuj rocks) and carbonated eclogite are unlikely sources for the Deccan alkalic rocks. The Sarnu-Dandali and Bhuj alkalic rocks and the Murud-Janjira lamprophyres probably originated by < 5% melting of ~ 1.3 times Ti-enriched lherzolitic sources compared to primitive mantle. The primary magmas of the Murud-Janjira basanites calculated through reverse assimilation-fractional crystallization by assimilating lower crustal and mantle xenoliths found in younger lamprophyre dikes of the same area indicate that contamination by the Indian lithosphere was unlikely during their ascent. The basanites evolved by mixing with phonotephritic melts, and they probably originated from a Ti-poor (0.7 times) lherzolite source. The temperature of the melts at the base of the lithosphere was ~ 1325 °C beneath Sarnu-Dandali and ~ 1285 °C beneath Bhuj and Murud-Janjira.
Daring to learn from humanized mice.

In this issue of Blood, Goettel and colleagues introduce a novel humanized mouse model of immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome, whereby mice lacking murine major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) and expressing human HLA-DR1 (NOD.PrkdcscidIl2rγ−/−H2-Ab1−/−; NSGAb°DR1) are reconstituted with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from a patient with IPEX syndrome to generate a humanized model for primary immune deficiency presenting as fatal autoimmunity.1
Effects of 6% hetastarch (600/0.75) or lactated Ringer’s solution on hemostatic variables and clinical bleeding in healthy dogs anesthetized for orthopedic surgery

Abstract Objective To evaluate and compare hemostatic variables and clinical bleeding following the administration of 6% hetastarch (600/0.75) or lactated Ringer’s solution (LRS) to dogs anesthetized for orthopedic surgery. Study design Randomized blinded prospective study. Animals Fourteen, healthy adult mixed-breed hound dogs of either sex, aged 11–13 months, and weighing 20.8 ± 1.2 kg. Methods The dogs were randomly assigned to receive a 10 mL kg−1 intravenous (IV) bolus of either 6% hetastarch (600/0.75) or LRS over 20 minutes followed by a maintenance infusion of LRS (10 mL kg−1hour−1) during anesthesia. Before (Baseline) and at 1 and 24 hours after bolus administration, packed cell volume (PCV), total protein concentration (TP), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), von Willebrand’s factor antigen concentration (vWF:Ag), factor VIII coagulant activity (F VIII:C), platelet count, platelet aggregation, colloid osmotic pressure (COP) and buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) were measured. In addition a surgeon who was blinded to the treatments assessed bleeding from the incision site during the procedure and at 1 and 24 hours after the bolus administration. Results Following hetastarch or LRS administration, the PCV and TP decreased significantly 1-hour post-infusion. APTT did not change significantly compared to baseline in either treatment group, but the PT was significantly longer at 1-hour post-infusion than at 24 hours in both groups. No significant change was detected for vWF:Ag, FVIII:C, platelet aggregation or clinical bleeding in either group. The BMBT increased while platelet count decreased significantly at 1-hour post-infusion in both groups. The COP decreased significantly in both treatment groups 1-hour post-infusion but was significantly higher 1-hour post-infusion in the hetastarch group compared to the LRS group. Conclusions and clinical relevance At the doses administered, both hetastarch and LRS can alter hemostatic variables in healthy dogs. However, in these dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery, neither fluid was associated with increased clinical bleeding.
Neurobiological Foundation for the Meaning of Information

Brains create meaning and express it in information. They select and pre-process the information carried by sensory stimuli as sense data, from which they construct meaning. They post-process cognitive meaning into informative commands that control the goal-directed actions that express meaning. Meaning exists in the interaction of subjects with their environments. The process of perception by which brains construct meaning from information can be explained by analyzing the neural activity in human and animal brains as subjects engage in meaningful behaviors. Measurement is followed by decomposition and modeling of the neural activity in order to deduce brain operations. Brains function hierarchically with neuronal interactions within and between three levels: microscopic of single neurons, mesoscopic of local networks forming modules, and macroscopic of the global self-organization of the cerebral hemispheres by the organic unity of neocortex. Information is carried in continuous streams of microscopic axonal pulses. Meaning is carried in mesoscopic local mean fields of dendritic currents in discontinuous frames resembling cinemas, each frame having a spatial pattern of amplitude modulation of an aperiodic carrier wave.
A Prospective Study of Modified Ottawa Ankle Rules in a Military Population: Interobserver Agreement Between Physical Therapists and Orthopaedic Surgeons

To determine the necessity of ankle and foot radiographs, we used modified Ottawa Ankle Rules to evaluate all cadets seen with an acute ankle or midfoot injury at the United States Military Academy. This scoring system determines the need for radiographs. Each patient was independently examined and the decision rules were applied by a physical therapist and an orthopaedic surgeon. Ankle and foot radiographs were obtained for all subjects. Sensitivity, specificity, and the positive predictive value were calculated in 153 patients. There were six clinically significant ankle fractures and three midfoot fractures, for a total incidence of 5.8%. For physical therapists, the sensitivity was 100%, the specificity for ankle injuries was 40%, and the specificity for foot injuries was 79%. For orthopaedic surgeons, the sensitivity was also 100%, the specificity for ankle injuries was 46%, and the specificity for foot injuries was 79%. Interobserver agreement between the orthopaedic surgeons and physical therapists regarding the overall decision to obtain radiographs was high, with a kappa coefficient value of 0.82 for ankle injuries and 0.88 for foot injuries. There were no false-negative results. Use of the modified Ottawa Ankle Rules would have reduced the necessity for ankle and foot radiographs by 46% and 79%, respectively.
Alpha‐tocopherol (vitamin E) induces rapid, nonsustained proliferation in cultured rat microglia

Microglial cells undergo cell division in vitro, as well as in vivo after brain injury. Mitotic activity of microglia suggests that they have limited life spans and rely on self-renewal to replace senescent cells. In the current study we examined long-term effects of antioxidants vitamin E and alpha-lipoic acid on cultured rat microglia with respect to proliferative ability, telomere length, telomerase activity, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production. We report that vitamin E induces dramatic microglial proliferation, as measured by MTT assay and BrdU incorporation, surpassing that of the well-known microglial mitogen granulocyte macrophage–colony stimulating factor, and therefore establishing vitamin E as the most potent, known mitogen for microglia in vitro. The high rate of microglial proliferation resulted in a concomitant decrease in telomere length and telomerase activity. Production of IL-1β was significantly decreased in vitamin E–treated microglia in vitro. Our findings provide an impetus to investigate potential benefits of vitamin E supplementation on microglial renewal capacity in vivo during aging or after brain injury. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Influence of age and gender on gastric acid secretion as estimated by integrated acidity in patients referred for 24-hour ambulatory pH monitoring.

Influence of age and gender on gastric acid secretion as estimated by integrated acidity in patients referred for 24-hour ambulatory pH monitoring