cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing Gains in Science Teaching Self-Efficacy After Completing an Inquiry-Based Earth Science Course

ABSTRACT Preservice elementary teachers are often required to take an Earth Science content course as part of their teacher education program but typically enter the course with little knowledge of key Earth Science concepts and are uncertain in their ability to teach science. This study investigated whether completing an inquiry-based Earth Science course for preservice elementary teachers improved their self-efficacy beliefs toward science teaching using the Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument (STEBI-B). The results were compared against the number of years the students had been undergraduates. All students improved their science teaching self-efficacy (including the freshmen) but only the juniors and seniors experienced significant gains in outcome expectancy. The observed gains in self-efficacy were likely due to increases in cognitive content mastery—the process of successfully learning new material, and the gain in outcome expectancy were probably influenced by the number of field experience...
Would Congestion Pricing Harm the Poor? Do Free Roads Help the Poor?:

Congestion pricing could reduce urban congestion, but might disproportionately benefit the affluent and burden the poor. We show that this common concern also applies to free roads. Free urban high...
Preliminary findings of altered functional connectivity of the default mode network linked to functional outcomes one year after pediatric traumatic brain injury.

Purpose and Method: This study examined functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) and examined brain–behavior relationships in a pilot cohort of children with chronic mild to modera...
Molecular analysis of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs): A report by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) research network.

8520Background: Thymoma (T) and thymic carcinoma (TC) are the most common malignancies of the anterior mediastinum. Additionally, thymoma has an unique association with autoimmune disorders, notabl...
Clot Retraction Facilitates Clot Lysis

Platelet facilitation of clot lysis was studied using the dilute clot lysis assay, a standardized assay for fibrinolysis shown to correlate with the development of postoperative deep vein thrombosis. Clots prepared from dilute platelet poor plasma showed prolonged clot lysis when compared with clots prepared in a similar fashion from dilute platelet rich plasma. Since in the presence of platelets clot retraction or contraction occurred, we evaluated a possible direct contribution of retraction to clot lysis. Dilute platelet poor plasma clots were compacted by centrifugation, to a similar extent as that achieved during clot retraction in dilute platelet rich plasma. These clots now lysed at a rate that approached that seen with dilute platelet rich plasma clots. Using an alternate alternate approach, dilute platelet rich plasma clots were treated with cytochalasin B to prevent clot retraction. Such clots now showed prolonged lysis similar to that seen with dilute platelet poor plasma. The prolonged lysis of cytochalasin B treated dilute platelet rich plasma clots was corrected by artificial compaction of the clots. The results suggest that clot retraction markedly facilitates clot lysis, and shows that a major role of platelets to facilitate clot lysis is the effect of these cells to cause clot retraction.
Local ensemble learning from imbalanced and noisy data for word sense disambiguation

Abstract Natural Language Processing plays a key role in man-machine interactions, allowing computers to understand and analyze human language. One of its more challenging sub-domains is word sense disambiguation, the task of automatically identifying the intended sense (or concept) of an ambiguous word based on the context in which the word is used. This requires proper feature extraction to capture specific data properties and a dedicated machine learning solution to allow for the accurate labeling of the appropriate sense. However, the pattern classification problem posed here is highly challenging, as we must deal with high-dimensional and multi-class imbalanced data that additionally may be corrupted with class label noise. To address these issues, we propose a local ensemble learning solution. It uses a one-class decomposition of the multi-class problem, assigning an ensemble of one-class classifiers to each of the distributions. The classifiers are trained on the basis of low-dimensional subsets of features and a kernel feature space transformation to obtain a more compact representation. Instance weighting is used to filter out potentially noisy instances and reduce overlapping among classes. Finally, a two-level classifier fusion technique is used to reconstruct the original multi-class problem. Our results show that the proposed learning approach displays robustness to both multi-class skewed distributions and class label noise, making it a useful tool for the considered task.
Stamen development in the Ericaceae. II. Granular pouches and dehiscence

Abstract The purpose of this research was to find out how granular pouches and dehiscence pores develop as well as what tissues are involved in their development. The granular pouches are two groups of cells on the abaxial side of the stamens of three of the ten species examined. They vary slightly in shape and position and the way in which they develop. In all three the cell contents become granular, then the walls break down and finally disappear living the granules free. Polarized light, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy have shown these granules to be crystals. Although one test for crystal composition was positive for calcium oxalate, two others were not. Poricidal dehiscence in nine of the species is accomplished by resorption and/or collapse tissues. Resorption tissue alone occurs in two species, both in one, and six species have only collapse tissue. Cells of both tissues are initially meristematic. Resorption tissue develops crystals and breaks down in the same way as granular pouches. Cells of collapse tissue vacuolate, flatten and disappear without formation of crystals. In only one species a well-developed endothecium appears to function as in most angiosperms. Granular pouches have not been reported for any other family. Poricidal dehiscence is present in a few other families as are tissues similar to resorption and collapse tissues. It is suggested that 1) the endothecium may have gradually been replaced by resorption tissue and this by collapse tissue; 2) granular pouches may be portions of obsolete resorption tissue. Characteristics of Enkianthus campanulatus stamens support the designation of a new subfamily (Enkianthoideae). It might appear that the unusual characteristics of ericaceous stamens could be related to pollination mechanisms, but confirmatory studies are practically nil in the literature.
Assessing adverse effects of inferior innovations with brand innovability: perspectives of consumer innovativeness

This research examines the adverse effects of inferior innovative extensions on the brand innovability and quality of own parent brands from the perspective of consumer innovativeness. The results reveal that inferior radical innovations weaken the perceptions of brand innovability and quality of high-innovativeness consumers less than the perceptions of brand innovability and quality of low-innovativeness consumers. Conversely, inferior incremental innovations weaken the perceptions of brand innovability and quality of low-innovativeness consumers less than the perceptions of brand innovability and quality of high-innovativeness consumers. In comparison, brand innovability is less susceptible than brand quality to inferior innovation information. The threats of inferior innovations are less detrimental than expectation if the adverse effects are assessed with brand innovability, instead of brand quality. The findings suggest that brand innovability is a more justifiable indicator than brand quality in evaluating the adverse effects of inferior innovations.
Counseling Psychology Model Training Program ψ

The counseling psychology Model Training Program (MTP) was written to reflect new developments in counseling psychology, the American Psychological Association, and the world. The updated MTP is as...
The role of nitric oxide in interleukin-2 therapy induced hypotension.

Nitric oxide is an uncharged free radical that mediates a range of physiologic processes in the vasculature. As a principal determinant of vascular tone, the overproduction of nitric oxide has been implicated in the pathogenesis of sepsis- and cytokine-induced hypotension. The enzyme that produces nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase, exists in three isoforms. One of the three isoforms, inducible nitric oxide synthase, is expressed in many cell types only after stimulation by cytokines and/or endotoxin. Compared to the constitutive nitric oxide synthase enzymes, the inducible enzyme generates larger quantities of nitric oxide for longer periods. Expression of the inducible isoform in vitro requires stimulation by a mixture of cytokines including interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β. These proinflammatory cytokines are known mediators of sepsis and are also produced in the serum of cancer patients during interleukin-2 therapy, thereby leading to excessive production of nitric oxide. Interleukin-2 therapy is associated with a spectrum of cardiovascular toxicities and hemodynamic alterations that are indistinguishable from those seen in septic shock. Many of these hemodynamic effects have been linked to the overproduction of nitric oxide via a cytokine-inducible nitric oxide pathway. In this regard, inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis represents a novel approach to limit the cardiovascular toxicity associated with interleukin-2 therapy and to improve its therapeutic index. Clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors in reversing the hypotension associated with IL-2 therapy are now underway.
“This native something”: Understanding and acknowledging the African experience

The challenge of communicating Africa's contributions is complex, but very important: it involves the re-thinking and re-shaping of such basic notions as power, gender, divinity, ecology, and much more. Most importantly, Africa can teach us to recognize the basic unity of the human race, our universal human condition and problems, while at the same time creating an awareness of different, although interrelated, histories, alternative cultural strategies and adaptations. As Stanley Diamond has pointed out, alternatives are increasingly important with the realization of Western failures in coping with universal human issues such as adolescence, gender relations, death, and care for the elderly. Looking for alternatives may be imperative, as we are increasingly faced with homelessness, failing health care, dirt and urban decay, serious environmental problems, man-made “natural” disasters and diseases, abuses of power and much more. Decolonizing the African experience involves recognizing the subtle, highly successful and time-proven strategies and concepts developed in Africa, and acknowledging her contributions and inspirations, both for Africans and non-Africans alike.
Autonomous detection, grading, and reporting of postoperative complications using natural language processing.

Abstract Introduction Natural language processing, a computer science technique that allows interpretation of narrative text, is infrequently used to identify surgical complications. We designed a natural language processing algorithm to identify and grade the severity of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (together: venous thromboembolism). Methods Patients from our 2011–2014 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project cohorts with a duplex ultrasound or a computerized tomography angiography of the chest performed within 30 days of surgery were divided into training and validation datasets. A “bag of words” approach classified the reports; other electronic health record data classified the venous thromboembolism's severity. Results Of the 10,295 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project patients, 251 were used in our deep venous thromboses validation cohort (273 total ultrasounds) and 506 in our pulmonary embolisms cohort (552 total computerized tomography angiographies). For deep venous thromboses the sensitivity and specificity were 85.1% and 94.6%, while for pulmonary embolisms they were 90% and 98.7%. Most discordances were due to lack of imaging documentation of a deep venous thrombosis (28/41, 68.3%) or pulmonary embolism (6/6, 100%). Most deep venous thromboses (28 patients, 54.6%) and pulmonary embolisms (25 patients, 75.8%) required administration of therapeutic intravenous or subcutaneous anticoagulation. Conclusion Natural language processing can reliably detect the presence of postoperative venous thromboembolisms, and its use should be expanded for the detection of other conditions from narrative documentation.
Conclusion: Some Advances in Culture Theory

This Conclusion synthesizes the volume’s advances, beginning with Roy D’Andrade’s insight that culture is organized by lifeworlds. The next chapter, by Robert Paul, supports D’Andrade’s approach to culture and the inevitable conflict between self-interest and the group concerns that culture introduces. Paul also offers the notion of the public arena, where culture is learned from its performance. Edward Lowe addresses a different kind of conflict, inner ones arising from allegiance to multiple lifeworlds, eliciting cultural amelioration. Lowe’s chapter also bridges the first two chapters and the remaining ones, indicating where a purely institutional account leaves off and a psychological one must take up. The concept of lifeworlds helps to reframe these remaining chapters as well, gracefully explaining, in addition to cultural variation and contradiction, the tendency toward cultural thematicity. The Conclusion next recounts the book’s argument about internalization: its basis in synaptic plasticity and cultural schemas, and its further cultivation by child socializers with their intent to raise children into culturally valued adults, and by therapists with their goal of healing. The Conclusion goes on to consider the roles of psychodynamic processes, psycho-biology, and, finally, methods. It closes with a summary of the “straight-edged pieces” that have been identified, and that frame the “jigsaw puzzle” of culture theory, and the remaining missing pieces of this theory.
Atomic-scale interaction of a crack and an infiltrating fluid

Abstract In this work we investigate the Orowan hypothesis, that decreases in surface energy due to surface adsorbates lead directly to lowered fracture toughness, at an atomic/molecular level. We employ a Lennard-Jones system with a slit crack and an infiltrating fluid, nominally with gold-water properties, and explore steric effects by varying the soft radius of fluid particles and the influence of surface energy/hydrophobicity via the solid–fluid binding energy. Using previously developed methods, we employ the J -integral to quantify the sensitivity of fracture toughness to the influence of the fluid on the crack tip, and exploit dimensionless scaling to discover universal trends in behavior.
Time interval between antibody investigations among patients who demonstrate serial red cell antibody formation

BACKGROUND Current national standards for pretransfusion testing do not address the frequency or optimal time interval to repeat antibody identification testing for patients in whom antibodies have been previously detected. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A retrospective review was performed of patients with existing red blood cell (RBC) antibodies who subsequently developed new antibody specificities. Data were drawn from a single institution where the antibody investigation was repeated if the screen suggested a new antibody or if 14 days had elapsed since the previous investigation. Clinically insignificant or drug-dependent antibodies were excluded. Among cases in which new antibodies were detected within 30 days of a previous sample that already demonstrated existing antibodies, the median and lower 95% confidence intervals for the number of days between the detection of the existing and new antibodies were determined. RESULTS Over a 9-year period, among 2114 patients with more than 1 antibody, 699 (33%) had serially detected antibodies from separate samples. Among 152 patients whose subsequent antibody was detected within 30 days of the existing antibodies, the median time interval to detection of the new antibody was 13 days. The lower 95% confidence interval was 1 day. By Day 3, 18% of the new antibodies had already appeared. CONCLUSION In patients who form multiple antibodies, the serial emergence of clinically significant antibodies is common. In some patients, detection of a new specificity occurs in a sample drawn shortly after the sample that demonstrated the first antibody. These results have implications for the frequency of pretransfusion testing.
Enzymatic Mechanisms in Corneal Ulceration with Specific Reference to Familial Dysautonomia: Potential for Genetic Approaches

Dry eye syndromes cause pathological changes in the corneal epithelium. These changes can lead to epithelial erosion that often worsens to involve melting of the superficial stroma. In the worst cases, disease can progress to corneal perforation and blindness. Such complications are commonly encountered in the clinic, and they are painful and incapacitating for the patient. The inherited disorder, familial dysautonomia (FD) or Riley-Day syndrome, is a particularly heart-breaking condition that causes a severe dry eye syndrome. This and other factors lead to corneal ulceration in 50% of FD patients, many of them children. A great need exists to develop better therapeutic measures for corneal erosion and ulceration due to FD as well as other etiologies. Recent insight on the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) should lead to new avenues for treatment of these devastating disorders. New genetic discoveries and technologies offer exciting promise for further advances, as discussed below.
Outpatient utilization patterns for atopic dermatitis in the United States.

Abstract Background The prevalence and demographics of atopic dermatitis (AD) have changed in the US. Little is known about trends and determinants of outpatient healthcare utilization. Objective Determine the trends and determinants of outpatient healthcare utilization for AD in US adults and children. Methods Data from the 1993-2015 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were analyzed, including 110,095 pediatric and 642,140 adult outpatient visits. Results AD visits occurred predominantly in primary care providers (PCPs) (768,882 mean visits annually), followed by dermatologists (466,529), and allergists (18,445). The frequency of AD visits increased from 1996-1999 to 2012-2015 overall (867,649 to 1,950,546 annually; Rao-Scott Chi square, P=0.02), particularly among PCPs (339,889 to 1,025,739; P=0.02). The frequency of AD visits to dermatologists decreased (446,669 to 371,003; P=0.01). AD visits to were most common among children age 0-4 years (32.0%). Adults with comorbid allergic rhinitis or food allergies had greater odds of seeing an allergist. AD visits were more likely to be acute visits among PCPs (51.5%), and chronic visits among dermatologists (41.2%). Limitations AD severity was unavailable. Conclusions Outpatient visits for AD increased in the US over time overall, but decreased for dermatologists. Dermatologists are most commonly seeing chronic AD visits and should tailor treatment appropriately.
Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Combination with Bevacizumab for Recurrent Glioblastoma.

Background Prior retrospective and prospective studies suggest improved survival with the use of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and bevacizumab in the treatment of limited-volume glioblastoma (GBM) recurrences. Methods We retrospectively reviewed our experience with gamma knife SRS in combination with bevacizumab for the treatment of focal GBM recurrence during 2009–2015. Outcomes include overall survival, progression free survival (PFS), and radiation-related adverse events. Kaplan–Meier methods and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were performed for survival analysis. Results Within a median of 13.7 months after diagnosis, a total of 45 patients with GBM underwent gamma knife SRS and bevacizumab treatment. Median age was 57 years (range: 20–78 years) and 63.3% were women. The median Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) at recurrence was 80 (range: 40–100). Sixty-four percent of patients had single radiosurgery target (range: 1–4) and median target volume and margin dose were 2.2 cm3 (range: 0.1–25.2 cm3) and 17.0 gray (Gy) (range: 13–24 Gy), respectively. Median PFS and overall survival were 9.3, 31.0 months following diagnosis, and 5.2, 13.3 months after SRS, respectively. Factors associated with poor outcomes were KPS ≤70, SRS dose Conclusions SRS in combination with bevacizumab can be safely used to treat focal GBM recurrence. KPS, radiation dose, and multi-agent chemotherapy usage prior to SRS demonstrated significant impact on PFS. Bevacizumab may provide clinically relevant radioprotection.
Visible and Invisible Social Support: How, Why, and When:

Social relationships can be a vital source of help in difficult times. However, attempts to provide social support that is visible—direct and recognized by recipients as help—can sometimes have uni...
Constraining sterile neutrino cosmology with terrestrial oscillation experiments

We explore the complementarity between terrestrial neutrino oscillation experiments and astrophysical/cosmological measurements in probing the existence of sterile neutrinos. We find that upcoming accelerator neutrino experiments will not improve on constraints by the time they are operational, but that reactor experiments can already probe parameter space beyond the reach of Planck. We emphasize the tension between cosmological experiments and reactor antineutrino experiments and enumerate several possibilities for resolving this tension.
Gender, Coaching, and Occupational Turnover

Women are underrepresented in coaching positions, both at the assistant and head coach levels. The purpose of this study was to examine one reason for this occurrence: gender differences in occupat...
Abstract 94: Prevalence and Distinct Imaging Correlates of Deep Versus Lobar Cerebral Microbleeds: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Introduction: Cerebral microbleed (CMB) location may predict underlying pathology. Deep CMBs are more associated with hypertensive vascular disease, while lobar CMBs are more associated with cerebr...
Morphine Use in Renal Failure: A Case Report of Single-Dose Morphine Toxicity in a Patient Requiring Peritoneal Dialysis.

Objective:We describe a case of morphine toxicity presumably caused by accumulation of its active metabolite morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) secondary to reduced clearance by peritoneal dialysis.Metho...
Enhancing response to immunotherapy in urothelial carcinoma by targeted inhibition of the histone methyltransferase G9a pathway

Bladder cancer (BCa) is the fourth most common malignancy among men, and is the eighth most common cause of cancer death in the US (1). Once muscle-invasive, the treatment options for BCa are limited, and include radical cystectomy with or without neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy or organ sparing chemoradiotherapy (2). In 2016, the treatment of metastatic BCa (mBCa) was revolutionized by results of a phase II trial of immune checkpoint programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor atezolizumab in 311 patients with mBCa who progressed after chemotherapy (3,4). The trial found a response rate of 15% in patients receiving 1,200 mg atezolizumab for 3 weeks, which was a significant improvement over systemic chemotherapy historical controls, which had a response rate of 10% (2). Several additional trials of other inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in mBCa, such as pembrolizumab (5), nivolumab (6), durvalumab (7), and avelumab (8), also found sustained response in mBCa patients.
Bleeding on Anti-Xa Drugs: “Does All Bleeding Really Stop?”

Anticoagulation for many different indications is common. Atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, congestive heart failure, pulmonary embolism, and deep venous thrombosis top the list. While traditionally warfarin played a significant role in anticoagulation, newer agents that require little to no monitoring and are easier to manage are beginning to take over the scene. While some agents target factor II, the largest degree of growth in the world of anticoagulation is represented by anti-Xa inhibitors. Reversal of this class of drugs has been limited to replenishing of additional coagulation factors in a nonspecific attempt to overwhelm the circulating anti-Xa agent. While this strategy has been largely adopted in the face of no specific antidotes, its effectiveness has been questioned. Now a novel antidote is available, which is very effective in restoring coagulation and reducing anti-Xa levels to almost normal. Despite this, we are still faced with the question of reversal agents improving survival in patients anticoagulated on anti-Xa agents who suffer a bleeding event. The benefits must be weighed along with the high cost of andexanet. Further, the high degree of thrombosis after reversal with this agent needs to be understood in terms of the general reversal of hypercoagulable patients versus some here-to-for unknown prothrombotic properties of andexanet.
Technology and Biomedical Applications of Automated Light Microscopy

Digital processing of light microscope images has proved to be a powerful tool for several medical research and diagnostic applications. The acquisition of high quality digital images of microscope specimens requires a carefully designed and implemented mixture of optical, electronic and computer technologies. Image noise level, resolution, magnification and photometric and geometric linearity must all be considered together in the system design. During the processing one should pay careful attention to specimen preparation, spatial and optical density calibration and to the illumination spectrum. This produces digital images of high quality and greatly improves the performance of the processing algorithms.
Painlevé analysis for Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli equation of higher dimensions with time-dependent coefficients: Multiple soliton solutions

Abstract In this paper a ( 3 + 1 )-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli (BLMP) equation, with time-dependent coefficients, is investigated. The integrability of this equation is performed by using the Painleve test. We derive multiple soliton solutions and multiple complex soliton solutions via using on Hirota's direct method and symbolic computation. The obtained results enlarge the category of integrable equations with time-dependent coefficients.
Loads borne by a tie-in point during ascents and descents on a basal-anchored stationary rope system

Abstract Previous studies that quantified or simulated loads on a tie-in point (TIP) during climber ascents, abrupt stops during descents, and falls considered crown-anchored stationary rope systems (SRS). But climbers also use basal-anchored SRS when working in trees, and because both parts of the rope—lead and fall—carry a load, the TIP presumably bears a greater load than on a crown-anchored SRS. In this study, tension in the fall and lead of a rope used in a basal-anchored SRS was measured during climber ascents and abrupt stops during descents. As expected, loads borne by the TIP were greater than on a crown-anchored SRS. Loads also varied among three species selected for varying degrees of bark roughness; greater loads were borne on the TIPs of a smooth-barked species. It was also noteworthy that pre-loading a TIP to determine its safety, which climbers do before ascending, increased the total load during ascents, presumably because tension set during the pre-load was not released in the fall of the rope prior to the ascent. To reduce the likelihood of TIP failure, climbers are advised to take care when selecting a TIP that will support a basal-anchored SRS.
Land Use Analysis

As we discussed at the beginning of the book, the four planning analyses covered in this book answer questions related to Who are they, What they do, Where they do, and How they move.
Association between Medicaid expansion status and metastatic disease at diagnosis in patients with melanoma.

7030Background: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded Medicaid coverage in 2010. It is unknown what impact the ACA expansion has had on a timely diagnosis for patients with melanoma. We hypothesiz...
Quasinormal modes and stability of firewalls

A solution to the black hole information problem requires propagation of information from the interior of the black hole to the exterior. Such propagation violates general relativity and could conceivably be accomplished through ``firewall'' models. Based on the existence of similar firewalls at the inner horizons of charged and rotating black holes, a model of a firewall was recently constructed where the exterior spacetime reduces to that of the Schwarzschild metric but with a dramatically different interior. We investigate the radial and nonradial polar stability of these objects. We first study the dynamics of the shell under spherically symmetric perturbations, and impose constraints on the firewall model parameters by requiring a subluminal speed of sound on the firewall. We show that the demands of stability and subluminality impose significant constraints on the internal parameters of the firewall, narrowing down the range of objects that could be used to create such a structure.
Future Topics in Space

This chapter focuses on critical topics for future exploration (primarily human) in deep space. Issues dealing with interplanetary contamination, space tourism (companies: SpaceX, Virgin Galactic, Blue Origin, Space Adventures), and the reality and challenges of traveling to outer space well beyond Earth are discussed. The challenges of establishing a human colony on a celestial body or in an orbiting space station are examined. Finally, the latest on the search for Extraterrestial Intelligence (SETI) is debated.
Function and Dynamic Performance Test of MVIP HVDC Control and Protection System

FPT/DPT (Functional Performance Tests and Dynamic Performance Tests) is a key process in HVDC project. The simulation and testing system included RTDS(Real-Time Digital Simulator) and C&P(Control and Protection) cubicles of MVIP HVDC project is set up. Based on this simulation and testing system, the function and dynamic performance of MVIP HVDC C&P system are tested. Totally 32 test groups and more than 400 test items are included in the testing matrix. The C&P software is optimized and improved during the test. Two typical test cases, i.e. low power start-up and power reversal, are introduced in this paper.
Targeted Single-Cell RNA-seq Identifies Minority Cell Types of Kidney Distal Nephron.

Background Proximal tubule cells dominate the kidney parenchyma numerically, although less abundant cell types of the distal nephron have disproportionate roles in water and electrolyte balance. Methods Coupling of a FACS-based enrichment protocol with single-cell RNA-seq profiled the transcriptomes of 9099 cells from the thick ascending limb (CTAL)/distal convoluted tubule (DCT) region of the mouse nephron. Results Unsupervised clustering revealed Slc12a3 +/Pvalb + and Slc12a3 +/Pvalb - cells, identified as DCT1 and DCT2 cells, respectively. DCT1 cells appear to be heterogeneous, with orthogonally variable expression of Slc8a1, Calb1, and Ckb. An additional DCT1 subcluster showed marked enrichment of cell cycle-/cell proliferation-associated mRNAs (e.g., Mki67, Stmn1, and Top2a), which fit with the known plasticity of DCT cells. No DCT2-specific transcripts were found. DCT2 cells contrast with DCT1 cells by expression of epithelial sodium channel β- and γ-subunits and much stronger expression of transcripts associated with calcium transport (Trpv5, Calb1, S100g, and Slc8a1). Additionally, scRNA-seq identified three distinct CTAL (Slc12a1 +) cell subtypes. One of these expressed Nos1 and Avpr1a, consistent with macula densa cells. The other two CTAL clusters were distinguished by Cldn10 and Ptger3 in one and Cldn16 and Foxq1 in the other. These two CTAL cell types were also distinguished by expression of alternative Iroquois homeobox transcription factors, with Irx1 and Irx2 in the Cldn10 + CTAL cells and Irx3 in the Cldn16 + CTAL cells. Conclusions Single-cell transcriptomics revealed unexpected diversity among the cells of the distal nephron in mouse. Web-based data resources are provided for the single-cell data.
Has the Gulf Stream Slowed or Shifted in the Altimetry Era

The Gulf Stream is expected to slow and shift poleward over the next century due to climate change. We investigate whether such changes are already observable in the altimetric record (1993–2018) u...
On the Bias Against Inductive Biases.

Borrowing from the transformer models that revolutionized the field of natural language processing, self-supervised feature learning for visual tasks has also seen state-of-the-art success using these extremely deep, isotropic networks. However, the typical AI researcher does not have the resources to evaluate, let alone train, a model with several billion parameters and quadratic self-attention activations. To facilitate further research, it is necessary to understand the features of these huge transformer models that can be adequately studied by the typical researcher. One interesting characteristic of these transformer models is that they remove most of the inductive biases present in classical convolutional networks. In this work, we analyze the effect of these and more inductive biases on small to moderately-sized isotropic networks used for unsupervised visual feature learning and show that their removal is not always ideal.
Abstract 2096: Genome wide remodeling of DNA methylation and CpG hypermethylation is tightly linked to acquired resistance in testicular cancer

Acquired resistance to chemotherapy is perhaps the major barrier to cure of advanced cancers. Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the most common cancers of young males. TGCTs are one of the few solid tumors that are cured at a high rate with standard cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, TGCTs become resistance to cisplatin resulting in poor outcomes. While the mechanisms accounting for cisplatin hypersensitivity in TGCT remain elusive, it has been suggested that DNA hypermethylation may play a role. However, there is little direct experimental evidence to support this claim. In the present study, we have leveraged unique isogenic cell models to provide strong evidence for net DNA hypermethylation as a key mechanism leading to acquired cisplatin resistance in TGCT cells. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis revealed that hypomethylated CpG loci were enriched for SUZ12 and EZH2 binding and H3K27me3 sites. In contrast hypermethylated CpG loci were significantly enriched for CTCF and RAD21 domains as well as repressive DNA segments indicating the global remodeling of nuclear chromatin structure in resistant cells. Integrative computational analysis of RNA-seq and EPIC DNA methylation array data revealed a strong inverse correlation between gene expression and CpG gene promoter methylation. This analysis also revealed a strong bidirectional shift between gene promoter and gene body DNA methylation that correlated closely with upregulated expression of PRC2 target genes and down regulation of tumor suppression genes in resistant cells. Hence the data further suggests a functional interplay between DNA methylation and the PRC2 pathway that modulates cisplatin sensitivity of TGCTs. Further studies including H3K27me3 ChIP-seq are ongoing to further elucidate this relationship. In conclusion, our finding supports the hypothesis that genome wide remodeling of DNA methylation is associated with cisplatin hypersensitivity and resistance of TGCTs and further supports the use of hypomethylation therapy for relapsed TGCT patients. Citation Format: Zeeshan Fazal, Ratnakar Singh, Megan Tomlin, Doha Shokry, Aleyah Hattab, Sarah Spinella, Michael Spinella. Genome wide remodeling of DNA methylation and CpG hypermethylation is tightly linked to acquired resistance in testicular cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2096.
Preparing Job Coaches to Implement Systematic Instructional Strategies to Teach Vocational Tasks

Job coaches are not typically trained to implement systematic instructional strategies to teach vocational skills to students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). This study repl...
Religion and Modernity in the Himalaya, edited by Megan Adamson Sijapati and Jessica Vantine Birkenholtz.

Religion and Modernity in the Himalaya, edited by Megan Adamson Sijapati and Jessica Vantine Birkenholtz. Abingdon: Routledge, 2016. 191 pp. £104 (hb). ISBN 978-0-415-72339-8.
Correlation Between the Rate of Ribonucleic Acid Synthesis and the Level of Valyl Transfer Ribonucleic Acid in Mutants of Escherichia coli

By use of a mutant of Escherichia coli with a partially thermolabile transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthase, it was possible to regulate the rate of RNA synthesis over a 10-fold range. The addition of chloramphenicol to cultures kept at the nonpermissive temperature stimulated RNA synthesis. The longer the culture was kept at the nonpermissive temperature prior to addition of chloramphenicol, the lower was the resulting rate of RNA synthesis. The decrease in the rate of incorporation of labeled uracil into RNA was correlated with the decrease in the level of valyl tRNA. Additional experiments provided evidence which may be interpreted as indicating that valyl tRNA does not, by itself, react with the RNA-forming system.
Performance Prediction from Data Transport

The performance of modern high speed computer systems is closely related to the movement of data in the total system. Transport of data among processors and within the memory hierarchy of each processor is a much better measure of performance than peak floating point rate. Data movement at all levels is characterized by both bandwidth and latency. Bandwidth scales well with increasing system size, but latency does not. The degree to which a computer’s capacity to move data matches the demands placed by a program determines how well an architecture performs. Program metrics can help characterize program demand for data movement and guide program restructuring which will enhance performance. Data movement is particularly important in multiprocessor systems, where intermediate results may be produced by processors different from those needing to use them. In addition to simply minimizing the amount of data moved, restructuring to overlap data movement with computation can be an effective way to improve performance.
The Jurisprudence of Death and Youth: Now the Twain Should Meet

The Supreme Court recently married its "death is different" death penalty jurisprudence and its burgeoning "children are different too" jurisprudence to apply Eighth Amendment death penalty jurisprudence to juvenile non-death sentences in Graham v. Florida and Miller v. Alabama. This Article argues that the (practically non-existent) jurisprudence of juvenile transfer should travel further down this comparative road paved by the Court and insist that juvenile transfer proceedings be subject to the same scrutiny exercised over capital punishment proceedings. While Eighth Amendment process need not be literally incorporated into juvenile transfer proceedings, it should be adopted through the Due Process Clause.The parallels between the death penalty and juvenile transfer are striking. Both involve a decision to expose a person to the most severe set of penalties available to the relevant justice system: a death sentence for adults in adult court; a transfer to adult court for youth in juvenile court. The decision to send an adult to his death is a decision to end his life; the decision to send a juvenile to adult court is a decision to end his childhood. Both decisions signify a life not worth saving, and therefore, both decisions are to apply to the "worst of the worst." As a result of the finality and seriousness of their consequences, both processes should require the strictest of procedures for reliable imposition of those consequences.While the Court’s jurisprudence on procedures for imposing death is not a model, the Court has, at least, worked both to narrow who is subject to the death penalty and to reduce the potential for arbitrary and capricious imposition of death through procedures for guided discretion. The lessons learned in that context can be applied to improve juvenile transfer procedures that allow transfer of a child to adult court based on the unfettered and arbitrary discretion of a judge or, worse, a prosecutor. Furthermore, death penalty jurisprudence applied in capital cases, and as applied in Graham and Miller, leads to the conclusion that juvenile transfer laws allowing automatic transfer of a child to adult court, without an individualized consideration, violates due process.
Bem Sex Role Inventory

In the early 1970s psychologists questioned the assumption that masculinity (i.e., agency) and femininity (i.e., communion) were opposite ends of a one-dimensional continuum. Rather, masculinity and femininity were conceptualized as independent dimensions; an individual could have a score on each. The Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) is based on the theory that individuals differ in the extent to which masculinity and femininity are the basis for a cognitive schema that affects the processing of information and behavior.
CT-guided percutaneous cryoablation of renal masses in selected patients

We analysed our experience with computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous cryoablation (PCA) in patients who were not surgical candidates or refused surgery for small to medium-sized renal masses. Two freezing cycles were applied and separated by a passive warming cycle using 1.7- and 2.4-mm cryoprobes under either general anaesthesia or sedation based on patient positioning and respiratory status. Postoperative monitoring included haematological and biochemistry evaluation and CT scan 24 h after PCA. Follow-up consisted of a multislice CT scan at 1 month and every 3 months in the first year then every 6 months thereafter. Thirty-seven patients (38 lesions) underwent 40 PCA procedures; 5/37 (13.5%) had a solitary kidney. Median mass size was 35 (range 12–70) mm. No complications occurred during the procedure. Clavien grade ≥2 anaemia occurred in two patients (5.4 %): one patient required 1 U of packed red blood cells; the other required an arterial embolisation. Serum creatinine did not increase in any case. Two patients showed persisting or recurrent disease at 1 and 9 months, respectively, and both could be re-treated with PCA. All other patients showed a hypodense mass 3 months after PCA, with no contrast enhancement. Subsequent examinations showed that lesion sizes decreased and CT densitometry remained stable or increased minimally, also with no contrast enhancement. PCA proved relatively easy and safe and could be considered an effective alternative for patients who are not surgical candidates or refuse surgery, as well as in patients with medium-sized lesions.
Clearance of radioactive sodium from the cervix in women with normal menstrual cycles, primary dysmenorrhea, and nonorganic pelvic pain, and in postmenopausal individuals

Abstract 1.1. A method is described for the study of Na 24 clearance from the human cervix. 2.2. This method was employed to measure the Na 24 clearance from the cervix in patients with normal menstrual cycles, with the diagnoses of chronic pelvic congestion, or primary dysmenorrhea, and in postmenopausal individuals. 3.3. Forty-four individuals were studied, on whom 69 Na 24 clearance determinations were performed. The results were statistically analyzed. 4.4. The normal, the patient with primary dysmenorrhea, and the one with a clinical diagnosis of chronic pelvic congestion did not show any significant changes in Na 24 clearance within the menstrual cycle or among themselves. The clearance of Na 24 from the cervix of the postmenopausal patient, however, was significantly slower than from the cervix of the other patients studied. 5.5. An explanation of findings is presented.
Reform of the intergovernmental transfer system in China

In China, most of the service delivery responsibilities are assigned to the subnational governments. Yet for reasons of efficiency in tax collection and administration, the central government collects revenues far in excess of its expenditure needs. In 2003 the central government collected 70 percent of consolidated revenues but accounted for only 30 percent of consolidated expenditures. The initial fiscal surplus of the central government enables it to use its spending power to provide financing to subnational jurisdictions for the achievement of national objectives and to influence local priorities. This paper examines the incentives associated with the design of such transfers and their implications for the efficiency and equity of public service provision and accountable local governance in China. The paper argues that the existing design of such transfers is not consistent with efficiency and equity considerations. It further undermines local autonomy without enhancing local accountability while creating incentives for imprudent fiscal management. Its main limitations include a complex and opaque system, a piecemeal approach to gap filling, lack of consistency of design with objectives, focus on input controls without regard for output accountability, incentives to support an antiquated management paradigm, a one-size-fits-all approach to local financing, and lack of transparency and regulatory framework for the intergovernmental transfer system. The paper makes specific suggestions on a reform of this system to overcome these limitations and on better use of fiscal transfers to create responsive, responsible, equitable, and accountable local governance in China.
Resonating plaquette phases in SU(4) Heisenberg antiferromagnet

Large spin cold atom systems can exhibit magnetic properties that do not appear in usual spin-$1∕2$ systems. We investigate the SU(4) resonating plaquette state in the three-dimensional cubic optical lattice with spin-$3∕2$ cold fermions. A gauge field formalism is constructed to describe the Rokhsar--Kivelson type of Hamiltonian and a duality transformation is used to study the phase diagram. Due to the proliferation of topological defects, the system is generally gapped for the whole phase diagram of the quantum model, which agrees with the recent numerical studies. The classical plaquette model on the cubic lattice is also studied, and a critical phase is predicted by tuning one parameter in the low energy field theory.