cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of anthramycin and actinomycin on RNA synthesis patterns in L1210 cells.

Anthramycin and actinomycin D, two different types of DNA-binding antibiotics, were compared for their effects on RNA synthesis in suspension cultures of mouse leukemia L1210 cells. RNA was labeled with radioactive uridine and selective effects on the synthesis of different classes of RNA were studied by sucrose gradient sedimentation of RNA purified from whole cells or from nucleolar and nucleoplasmic fractions. Two major differences were noted. (1) Whereas actinomycin produced two phases in the inhibition of uridine incorporation, the rapid phase being complete within a few minutes, anthramycin produced only a slow progressive inhibition. (2) Whereas actinomycin selectively inhibits nucleolar 45s RNA synthesis, anthramycin inhibits this RNA equally to the inhibition of the same size RNA in the nucleoplasm. Both antibiotics caused a shift towards lower molecular weight (slower sedimentation) in the distribution of nucleoplasmic RNA molecules synthesized in the presence of drug. When the two antibiotics were compared at concentrations producing equal extents of inhibition of nucleoplasmic RNA synthesis, anthryamycin produced the greater shift. The shift in sedimentation anthramycin produced the greater shift. The shift in sedimentation was not due to a slowing of RNA chain growth rate, since the change in sedimentation persisted when uridine incorporation time was increased so as to compensate for the reduction in RNA synthesis rate. The selective inhibition of nucleolar RNA synthesis by actinomycin could be due to possible differences in the properties of the different RNA polymerases, or to differences in the initiation rates for transcription. The absence of selectivity in the case of anthramycin might be related to the near irreversibility of its binding to DNA. The shift towards lower molecular weight of the RNA synthesized is compatible with (but does not constitute strong evidence for) premature termination of RNA chains.
Ankylosing spondylitis complicated by trauma: MR findings correlated with plain radiographs and CT.

Four patients with ankylosing spondylitis sustained a traumatic spinal injury. In three cases, pseudoarthrosis developed at the discovertebral junction, while involvement of the neural arch occurred in the fourth. Although the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis was readily estabished on plain radiographs, magnetic resonance more effectively identified the complicating injury and in two cases demonstrated the presence of cord compression. Computed tomography was also contributory in delineating bony and ligamentous abnormalities of the neural arch.
Driven by Diversity

Diversity of perspectives, ideas, and priorities comes from varied backgrounds, experiences, and cultures, and can help shape science and engineering. As science increasingly is done in teams, collaborations bring diversity to research. Diverse experiences and interactions can support cognitive growth and critical thinking ( 1 ), can benefit problem-solving ( 2 ), and are priorities among STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) businesses for global competition ( 3 ).
Postoperative Electrophysiological Studies with a Modified Radiofrequency System. Technical Aspects and Clinical Usefulness

Technical aspects and clinical usefulness. Two patients who underwent a ventricular aneurys-mectomy for treatment of ventricular tachycardia are presented. In both patients, a radiofrequency pacemaker was implanted at surgery (for therapeutic use if surgery should fail). In both patients, elec-trophysiological studies were performed before discharge utilizing a radiofrequency pacemaker without recourse to repeat catheterization. This was possible by modifying the transmitter and coupling it to a commercially available programmable stimulator. (PACE. Vol. 5, September-October, 1982)
Isothermal permeabilities from thermo‐osmosis experiments

Abstract With the use of strain gauge pressure transducers, an improved constant volume apparatus has been constructed for measurement of isothermal permeabilities of gases from thermoosmosis experiments. Permeabilities are reproducible to about ±5% accuracy and compare favorably with those obtained by alternative techniques. Revised values are presented for permeability coefficients of the noble gases in rubber.
Interspecies Nuclear Transfer: Implications for Embryonic Stem Cell Biology

Accessibility of human oocytes for research poses a serious ethical challenge to society. This fact categorically holds true when pursuing some of the most promising areas of research, such as somatic cell nuclear transfer and embryonic stem cell studies. One approach to overcoming this limitation is to use an oocyte from one species and a somatic cell from another. Recently, several attempts to capture the promises of this approach have met with varying success, ranging from establishing human embryonic stem cells to obtaining live offspring in animals. This review focuses on the challenges and opportunities presented by the formidable task of overcoming biological differences among species.
Effect of colicine E2 on the biosynthesis of bacteriophage R17

The effect of colicine E2, a bacteriocidal agent, on the synthesis of RNA bacteriophage R17 has been studied. The results indicate that the infectious process of R17 is inhibited, not only by prior treatment with E2, but even if E2 is added after the infection. However, it takes a longer time for inhibition by E2, at least inhibition of viral RNA synthesis, when the addition of the colicine is delayed. It is also shown that viral RNA synthesis is inhibited by E2 even in the presence of a sufficient amount of enzyme(s) necessary for its synthesis, if new protein synthesis is inhibited. The possibility that E2 interferes with the function of viral RNA is discussed.
CD36 directly mediates cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum parasitized erythrocytes.

Abstract Erythrocytes infected with P. falciparum express knob-like adhesion structures that allow the infected cells to cling to the postcapillary endothelium of characteristic host organs. At present, the mechanism of cytoadherence is not fully understood. While parasitized erythrocytes have been shown to specifically bind to the platelet/matrix molecule thrombospondin, adherence to suitable target cells can also be blocked by monoclonal antibody OKM5, which recognizes a surface molecule expressed by hematopoietic cells and endothelium. In apparent reconciliation of these findings, it has been reported that the OKM5 antigen (CD36) is a receptor for thrombospondin. Here we report that expression of a CD36 cDNA clone in COS cells supports cytoadherence of parasitized erythrocytes but does not support increased binding of purified human thrombospondin.
Role of the fetoplacental endothelium in fetal growth restriction with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry

Growth-restricted fetuses with absent or reversed end-diastolic velocities in the umbilical artery are at substantially increased risk for adverse perinatal and long-term outcome, even in comparison to growth-restricted fetuses with preserved end-diastolic velocities. Translational studies show that this Doppler velocimetry correlates with fetoplacental blood flow, with absent or reversed end-diastolic velocities signifying abnormally elevated resistance within the placental vasculature. The fetoplacental vasculature is unique in that it is not subject to autonomic regulation, unlike other vascular beds. Instead, humoral mediators, many of which are synthesized by local endothelial cells, regulate placental vascular resistance. Existing data demonstrate that in growth-restricted pregnancies complicated by absent or reversed umbilical artery end-diastolic velocities, an imbalance in production of these vasoactive substances occurs, favoring vasoconstriction. Morphologically, placentas from these pregnancies also demonstrate impaired angiogenesis, whereby vessels within the terminal villi are sparsely branched, abnormally thin, and elongated. This structural deviation from normal placental angiogenesis restricts blood flow and further contributes to elevated fetoplacental vascular resistance. Although considerable work has been done in the field of fetoplacental vascular development and function, much remains unknown about the mechanisms underlying impaired development and function of the human fetoplacental vasculature, especially in the context of severe fetal growth restriction with absent or reversed umbilical artery end-diastolic velocities. Fetoplacental endothelial cells are key regulators of angiogenesis and vasomotor tone. A thorough understanding of their role in placental vascular biology carries the significant potential of discovering clinically relevant and innovative approaches to prevention and treatment of fetal growth restriction with compromised umbilical artery end-diastolic velocities.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF AIRSIDE CHARACTERISTICS IN PLAIN AND WAVY HEAT EXCHANGERS IN THE TURBULENT FLOW REGIME

Numerical investigation has been performed to study the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of plain-fin-tube and wavy-fin tube heat exchangers. Performance results are presented in terms of non-dimensional parameters, friction factor and Colburn factor. The flow rate is varied over the range of 2000 ≤ ReH ≤ 7000 in the turbulent regime. The analysis was performed using a finite volume method. Comparisons with experimental data are performed to validate the code. Parametric study is performed to investigate the effects of transverse pitch and wavy angle. It is observed that an increase in transverse pitch results in a decrease in thermal and hydraulic characteristics. On the other hand with the increase of wavy angle, resulting in the increase of the number of corrugations, both the friction factor and Colburn factor increased. The critical balance between high heat transfer and pressure drop is analyzed using the efficiency index. The tube layout in the staggered form is seen to have better heat transfer characteristics than the in-lined layout for both the configurations.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Dancing Wisdom: Embodied Knowledge in Haitian Vodou, Cuban Yoruba, and Bahian Candomblé

Dancing religions of the Afro-Americas Body knowledge at the crossroads Days of remembrance Dances of memory Praise dance and liturgical orders Informal learning with Haitian Laws Informal learning with Bahian Orichas Formal learning with Cuban Orichas The dancing body and its social medicine
A MARKOVIAN ANALYSIS FOR DELAY AT CONVEYOR-SERVICED PRODUCTION STATIONS

SUMMARY A Markov process discrete in both time and space is used to establish a mathematical model for the analysis of delays associated with materials handling at conveyor-serviced production work stations. The model design assumes the physical ability to load processed units into conveyor spaces from which unprocessed units have just been removed. A set or realistic, simplified work rules applicable in a wide range of industrial applications is provided; consideration is given to the effect of a reserve and a bank to contain unprocessed and processed units; charts and numerical data are provided to show average delay and in-process inventory at the work station for typical values of the several parameters involved.
Underdetermination as a Path to Structural Realism

We examine the argument for ontic structural realism that begins from an alleged “metaphysical underdetermination” afflicting contemporary fundamental physics. Current discussions have focussed on challenging this underdetermination claim. Our purpose here is to examine what follows even if the premise concerning underdetermination is conceded. We consider the additional premises needed to arrive at an endorsement of ontic structural realism, and show that each can and should be rejected. Moreover, the ontic structural realist program faces an analogous metaphysical underdetermination issue of its own. We conclude that the argument fails, independently of whether the alleged metaphysical underdetermination is conceded.
Effects of Ethoxyquin Feed Preservative and Peroxide Level on Broiler Performance

Rancidity development in feeds and feed ingredients reduces the feeds' nutritive value and produces toxic peroxides. This investigation was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of peroxide on broiler performance and to determine the effectiveness of ethoxyquin in ameliorating the adverse effects of peroxides. Poultry fat was oxidized to contain 0, 50, 100, and 175 meq peroxide/kg and added to diets to provide 0, 2, 4, or 7 meq peroxide/kg feed, respectively. Liquid ethoxyquin was incorporated into the diets at 0, 62.5, and 125 ppm. Each of the 12 diets was fed to 8 replicate pens with 35 males and 35 females/pen. Body weights at 21 and 42 days of age were significantly lower in birds fed diets containing 4 or 7 meq peroxide/kg feed. At 49 days of age, the reduction in body weight was significant only at the 7 meq/kg level. Reductions in feed efficiency showed a similar pattern, but the depression was significant only at the highest peroxide level. Supplementation of 62.5 and 125 ppm ethoxyquin resulted in significantly heavier birds at 49 days of age but had no significant effect on feed efficiency. Beneficial effects of ethoxyquin supplementation were evident at higher peroxide levels. The study showed that at least 4 meq peroxide/kg feed was required to significantly affect bird performance, and that the addition of ethoxyquin could alleviate the deleterious effects of dietary peroxide.
Complex Interacting Infrastructure Systems

The infrastructures on which our society depends not only can have failures propagating within the infrastructure but also between infrastructures. For example, Cleveland lost its water supply during the August 2003 blackout of the Northeastern USA and the loss of the twin towers in New York in September 2001 impacted both subway transport and communications. Multiple dependent and cascading failures occur when humans make honest errors in operating infrastructures. Recovering from failures spanning multiple infrastructure is complicated and expensive. While these interdependencies are becoming increasingly recognized and described qualitatively, this session explores methods to quantify the complex interactions of failures within and between infrastructures. Advances in modeling and analyzing these interactions are needed.
Recent Methodological Issues in Drug Evaluation: A Perspective from the United States*

This paper provides an update on the international dialogue on methodology used in drug development and regulatory review from a regulatory perspective. Factors responsible for the dramatic increase in the dialogue in recent years are explained. American guidelines and initiatives to improve methodological approaches to drug development and drug evaluation, and two specific statistical approaches to current problems, are covered.
The Effects of Aging and Genotype on NMDA Receptor Expression in Growth Hormone Receptor Knockout (GHRKO) Mice

Caloric restriction enhances N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor binding and upregulates messenger RNA expression of the GluN1 subunit during aging. Old growth hormone receptor knockout mice resemble old calorically restricted rodents in enhanced life span and brain function, as compared with aged controls. This study examined whether aged growth hormone receptor knockout mice also show enhanced expression of NMDA receptors. Six or 23- to 24-month-old male normal-sized control or dwarf growth hormone receptor knockout mice were assayed for NMDA-displaceable [3H]glutamate binding (autoradiography) and GluN1 subunit messenger RNA (in situ hybridization). There was slight sparing of NMDA receptor binding densities within aged medial prefrontal and motor cortices, similar to caloric restriction, but there were greater age-related declines in GluN1 messenger RNA in growth hormone receptor knockout versus control mice. These results suggest that some of the functional improvements in aged mice with altered growth hormone signaling may be due to enhancement of NMDA receptors, but not through the upregulation of messenger RNA for the GluN1 subunit.
Phylogeny and historical biogeography of African ground squirrels: the role of climate change in the evolution of Xerus

We used phylogenetic and phylogeographical methods to infer relationships among African ground squirrels of the genus Xerus. Using Bayesian, maximum-parsimony, nested clade and coalescent analyses of cytochrome b sequences, we inferred interspecific relationships, evaluated the specific distinctness of Cape (Xerus inauris) and mountain (Xerus princeps) ground squirrels, and tested hypotheses for historical patterns of gene flow within X. inauris. The inferred phylogeny supports the hypothesized existence of an 'arid corridor' from the Horn of Africa to the Cape region. Although doubts have been raised regarding the specific distinctness of X. inauris and X. princeps, our analyses show that each represents a distinct well-supported, monophyletic lineage. Xerus inauris includes three major clades, two of which are geographically restricted. The distributions of X. inauris populations are concordant with divergences within and disjunctions between other taxa, which have been interpreted as results of Plio-Pleistocene climate cycles. Nested clade analysis, coalescent analyses, and analyses of genetic structure support allopatric fragmentation as the cause of the deep divergences within this species.
Nanoscaffold Mediates Hydrogen Release and the Reactivity of Ammonia Borane

One of the imposing barriers to realizing the promise of an energy economy based on hydrogen is onboard hydrogen storage for fuel-cell-powered vehicles. New materials that enable the release of dense, plentiful and pure hydrogen at temperatures less than 85 oC are necessary to move the world from an oil-based economy to a hydrogen economy. We report a novel approach in which we deposit a hydrogen-rich material into a nanoporous scaffold. The role of the scaffold is to impose a nano-phase structure on the hydrogen-rich material thus providing an additional handle on the kinetics and thermodynamics of hydrogen release. We demonstrate on the example of ammonia borane infused in the nanoporous silica that the kinetics of hydrogen release is improved while the purity of hydrogen is increased in comparison with the release from bulk ammonia borane. These findings suggest that hydrogen rich materials infused in nanoscaffolds offer the most promising approach to date for onboard hydrogen storage
Developing cultural competency with Mandaean clients: Synchronizing practice with the Light World:

As part of the fallout of the Iraq war, social workers may encounter Mandaean refugees. This article orients readers to this formerly isolated cultural group. After reviewing their unique history and values, practice suggestions are provided to enhance the provision of culturally competent services to this community.
Parallel function strategy in pronoun assignment.

Abstract Subjects completed sentences of the form NP1 aux V NP2 because (but) Pro … (e.g., John may scold Bill because he …) with a reason or motive for the action described. A basic perceptual strategy was hypothesized to underlie the comprehension of these sentences which have a potentially ambiguous pronoun in the subject position of the subordinate clause. It was expected that listeners would interpret the pronoun as being coreferential with the subject NP of the main clause, the NP with the same grammatical function. While this strategy accounted for the major share of the results, semantic factors restricted its use, establishing an interpretation in which the pronoun was coreferential with the object NP of the main clause.
On Position-Specific Scoring Matrix for Protein Function Prediction

While genome sequencing projects have generated tremendous amounts of protein sequence data for a vast number of genomes, substantial portions of most genomes are still unannotated. Despite the success of experimental methods for identifying protein functions, they are often lab intensive and time consuming. Thus, it is only practical to use in silico methods for the genome-wide functional annotations. In this paper, we propose new features extracted from protein sequence only and machine learning-based methods for computational function prediction. These features are derived from a position-specific scoring matrix, which has shown great potential in other bininformatics problems. We evaluate these features using four different classifiers and yeast protein data. Our experimental results show that features derived from the position-specific scoring matrix are appropriate for automatic function annotation.
Knowledge Transfer Using Local Features

We present a method for reducing the effort required to compute policies for tasks based on solutions to previously solved tasks. The key idea is to use a learned intermediate policy based on local features to create an initial policy for the new task. In order to further improve this initial policy, we developed a form of generalized policy iteration. We achieve a substantial reduction in computation needed to find policies when previous experience is available
The digital micromirror device for projection display

The Digital Micromirror Device is the result of a technological development programme which began at Texas Instruments over 15 years ago. It is a micro-mechanical device which includes an array of mirrors fabricated above CMOS static RAM memory elements. Rapid movement of the diagonally hinged mirrors allows incident light to be modulated to form high definition images for projection display systems. Recent developments, discussed here, improve both the optical and electronic performance as well as reducing active elements.
Obesity, Depression, and Employment Related Outcomes Among Workers Near Retirement

Obese individuals with comorbid depression face greater risks of atrophied health status alongside the associated adverse consequences, such as limitations of daily living and/or work related activities. This study uses the U.S. Health and Retirement Study database to investigate the likelihood of early retirement decisions (before age 62) of older working-age adults (ages 50 to 62). We find that obese subjects with comorbid depression are significantly more likely to reduce work-hours and seek early retirement. Survival models confirm the negative association between obesity with comorbid depression and the duration to early retirement. The bidirectional association between obesity and depression suggest that more carefully designed public policy interventions are necessary for improving the labor market attachments of the older working-age adults that are obese and clinically depressed.
Fraud Specialists On Independent Audits

The recent audit failures involving Enron, WorldCom, et al., have left the accounting profession and governmental regulators scrambling to find better methods of detecting and preventing fraudulent financial reporting. Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) which requires companies to report on the operating effectiveness of their internal controls over financial reporting. Additionally, the independent auditor is required to assess and report on the effectiveness of their client’s internal controls, and they must attest to management’s internal control assessment. Notably absent from SOX is a requirement that independent auditors must employ fraud specialists in their independent audits of SEC filers. This study examines the benefits and costs associated with requiring the use of fraud specialists on independent audits of SEC filers. Fraud specialists have expertise better attuned to fraud detection not ordinarily possessed by regular auditors. First, the narrow but deep perspective of the fraud specialist enables them to find fraudulent activity that would be missed by regular auditors. Second, unlike regular auditors, fraud specialists employ methodologies that are effective in the presence of management collusion. They are more highly skilled at interviewing potential witnesses and fraud suspects and are trained in recognizing deception. Third, fraud specialists are better trained in the use of antifraud technology, methods, and computerized forensic accounting software. Fourth, fraud specialists have superior investigative skills and can conduct covert examinations, access restricted databases, conduct background checks, and locate hidden assets better than regular auditors. Finally, they understand the legalities of gathering evidence of fraud and can operate without violating the rights of potential witnesses and fraud suspects. Qualitative analysis demonstrates that utilizing fraud specialists on independent audits has positive net benefits to financial reporting. Recommendations are made regarding the types of fraud detection/deterrence skills and techniques that would be beneficial to independent auditors.
Geographical Equity Effects Of The Homeowner Tax Subsidy

The purpose of this study is to provide exploratory evidence concerning the degree to which geographical cost of living differentials interact with homeownership tax incentives in affecting tax system equity. Incorporating both federal and state homeowner tax subsidies calculated using the 1991 Ernst & Young Tax Model File; the authors provide evidence concerning both horizontal and vertical equity in the system. Descriptive statistics and regression results provide findings which indicate positive and direct relationships between the homeowner tax subsidy and 1) taxpayer disposable income (increased regressivity in the tax system) and 2) taxpayer state of residence median housing values (decreased horizontal inequities between similarly situated homeowners in different states). These findings indicate that elimination of the homeowner tax subsidy accompanied by a direct subsidy would increase equity within the system. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the President’s Advisory Panel on Federal Tax Reform (2005) recommendation for a home credit, with a limit based on average cost of housing within a taxpayer’s area, will result in a more equitable distribution of the homeowner tax subsidy.
New Algorithms for Computing the Real Structured Pseudospectral Abscissa and the Real Stability Radius of Large and Sparse Matrices

We present two new algorithms for investigating the stability of large and sparse matrices subject to real perturbations. The first algorithm computes the real structured pseudospectral abscissa and is based on the algorithm for computing the pseudospectral abscissa proposed by Guglielmi and Overton [SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., 32 (2011), pp. 1166--1192]. It entails finding the rightmost eigenvalues for a sequence of large matrices, and we demonstrate that these eigenvalue problems can be solved in a robust manner by an unconventional eigenvalue solver. We also develop an algorithm for computing the real stability radius of a real and stable matrix, which utilizes a recently developed technique for detecting the loss of stability in a large dynamical system. Both algorithms are tested on large and sparse matrices.
Efficacy of Mind-body Therapy on Stress Reduction in Cancer Care

Psychological stress in cancer patients has been identified as a significant and ongoing problem in oncology. Non-pharmacological interventions have been increasingly employed to facilitate coping with stressful circumstances. Mind-body therapies, which approach healthcare holistically as an interaction between mind, body, and spirit, have been studied as adjunctive therapies to reduce stress, enhance relaxation, reduce anxiety, and improve health outcomes. Mind-body therapies, including mindfulness/meditation, biofeedback, hypnosis, relaxation therapy, art therapy, Qigong, Taichi, and yoga have demonstrated efficacies in their potential to mitigate stress and improve the quality of life of cancer patients and survivors. Though the mind-body literature shows overwhelmingly positive results, methodological deficits hinder adoption as evidence-based palliative care for cancer survivors. Although additional research is warranted, the body of evidence presented in this chapter suggests that clinicians should give serious consideration to mind-body therapies when advising cancer patients and survivors on adjunctive treatment options.
On the Problem of Pairing Aircraft for Closely Spaced Parallel Approaches

The problem of scheduling pairs of aircraft for simultaneous landing onto very closely spaced parallel runways is studied. The pair scheduling problem and its generalization group scheduling problem for simultaneous landing onto parallel runways are formulated and shown to be $\mathcal{NP}$ -hard, in general. A genetic pairing scheduler algorithm is developed, capable of handling a wide range of constraints, and used in a real-time human-in-the-loop simulation that was carried out to study the operational concept. Experimental data from these simulations and an extensive set of stress tests are presented and analyzed. Results indicate that while the problem is ${\mathcal{NP}}$ -hard in general, practical instances of the algorithm are not necessarily very hard to solve. As such, the proposed algorithm succeeded in finding and suggesting aircraft pairs that met all the problem constraints and thus were accepted by the controllers in over 97% of the cases. High solution quality, scalable runtime, and flexibility of the proposed algorithm in handling different constraints suggest that it is a suitable candidate for use in a real-time application.
Assembly and GPIIIa Content of Cytoskeletal Core in Platelets Agglutinated With Bovine von Willebrand Factor

The association between occupancy of the von Willebrand factor (vWf) receptor glycoprotein (GP) Ib, agglutination, and the assembly and composition of the cytoskeletal core was studied in 125I-surface-labeled aspirin-treated washed platelets. Binding of ligands to GPIIb-IIIa and platelet aggregation were abolished by addition of EDTA. Platelet agglutination induced by bovine vWf generated a complete cytoskeletal core (Triton-insoluble residue), shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to be composed of actin-binding protein (ABP) (260 Kd), 235-Kd protein, myosin heavy chain (200 Kd), alpha-actinin (100 Kd), and actin (43 Kd). In addition, autoradiography of the gels showed a 125I 105-Kd GP, identified by immunoblot as GPIIIa, as well as GPIb, GPIIb, and another band at 87 Kd, probably GPIV. Neither cytoskeletal assembly nor GPIIa incorporation was altered if calpain was inhibited with leupeptin. Platelet suspensions exposed to bovine vWf without stirring (ie, nonagglutinated) or platelets in which agglutination was inhibited with ADP showed smaller cytoskeletons with little ABP, 235 Kd protein, and alpha-actinin. Autoradiographs showed mainly GPIb. Cytochalasin D (CD) and monobromobimane (MB) enhanced agglutination and prevented the inhibitory action of ADP on bovine vWf-induced platelet agglutination. CD markedly inhibited the assembly of the cytoskeletal core as well as GPIIIa retention, whereas MB resulted in a large Triton-insoluble residue which contained GPIIIa. Thus, development of a platelet cytoskeletal core is apparently not required for agglutination, but when a cytoskeletal core is assembled in agglutinated platelets, GPIIIa is retained.
What Makes General Cardiovascular Education Courses Successful

![Figure][1] “A teacher is a compass that activates the magnets of curiosity, knowledge, and wisdom in the pupils.”—Ever Garrison [(1)][2] I have been in the business of medical education for more than 30 years, and I have found the process incredibly rewarding on a personal level.
Midden ceramic assemblage formation: a case study from Kalinga, Philippines

The 2001 field season of the Kalinga Ethnoarchaeological Project addressed ceramic discard and midden formation in Dalupa, an upland community of 380 people in Pasil Municipality, Kalinga Province, the Philippines. Despite the increasing reliance on metal cooking vessels in the project area over time, two seasons of the Kalinga Ethnoarchaeological Project still provided enough data to describe ceramic discard and accumulation within middens. Dalupa middens receive most discarded vessels and a representative sample of discarded vessel types. This is in part because transport to water sources and washing, activities heavily associated with vessel breakage, now occur primarily within the residential area. Vessels often reach middens in a complete or reconstructible state, but are reduced to small sherds by cultural disturbance processes. Because people usually use the closest midden, catchment areas for middens can be predicted if the spatial distribution of contemporaneous residences, other activity areas, and middens is known. This work may help researchers distinguish the discarded ceramics from different households or groups of households, control for any biases in accumulation, and connect ceramic attributes with social variables of interest.
Jalysus spinosus: Spring Biology and Factors That Influence Occurrence of the Predator on Tobacco in North Carolina,

Cerastium vulgatum L., Geranium carolinianum L., Veronica arvensis L., and Oenothera laciniata Hill, were all found to be important plant hosts of spring adults and first-generation eggs and nymphs of Jalysus spinosus (Say), a predator of insect eggs. Nymphs and adults of the first generation of predators appeared in early and late May, respectively, and first-generation adults were first found on tobacco in North Carolina during the first two weeks of June. Regional differences in the production of the first-generation adults and in the transplant date for tobacco thus influenced the effectiveness of J. spinosus as a predator of tobacco insects in North Carolina.
Halofuginone suppresses growth of human uterine leiomyoma cells in a mouse xenograft model.

STUDY QUESTION Does halofuginone (HF) inhibit the growth of human uterine leiomyoma cells in a mouse xenograft model? SUMMARY ANSWER HF suppresses the growth of human uterine leiomyoma cells in a mouse xenograft model through inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive tract. HF can suppress the growth of human uterine leiomyoma cells in vitro. The mouse xenograft model reflects the characteristics of human leiomyomas. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Primary leiomyoma smooth muscle cells from eight patients were xenografted under the renal capsule of adult, ovariectomized NOD-scid IL2Rγ(null) mice (NSG). Mice were treated with two different doses of HF or vehicle for 4 weeks with six to eight mice per group. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Mouse body weight measurements and immunohistochemical analysis of body organs were carried out to assess the safety of HF treatment. Xenografted tumors were measured and analyzed for cellular and molecular changes induced by HF. Ovarian steroid hormone receptors were evaluated for possible modulation by HF. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Treatment of mice carrying human UL xenografts with HF at 0.25 or 0.50 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks resulted in a 35-40% (P < 0.05) reduction in tumor volume. The HF-induced volume reduction was accompanied by increased apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation. In contrast, there was no significant change in the collagen content either at the transcript or protein level between UL xenografts in control and HF groups. HF treatment did not change the expression level of ovarian steroid hormone receptors. No adverse pathological effects were observed in other tissues from mice undergoing treatment at these doses. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION While this study did test the effects of HF on human leiomyoma cells in an in vivo model, HF was administered to mice whose tolerance and metabolism of the drug may differ from that in humans. Also, the longer term effects of HF treatment are yet unclear. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The results of this study showing the effectiveness of HF in reducing UL tumor growth by interfering with the main cellular processes regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis are in agreement with previous studies on the effects of HF on other fibrotic diseases. HF can be considered as a candidate for reducing the size of leiomyomas, particularly prior to surgery. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This project was funded by NIH PO1HD057877 and R01 HD064402. Authors report no competing interests.
Study on Pharmacodynamics of Huigui Pingheng Capsules in the Therapy of Sexual Precocity of Special Rabbits

Objective To study the model of the sexual precocious animal and to observe the pharmacodynamics of Huigui Pingheng capsules in sexual precocity of special rabbits.Methods The experimental sexual precocious model of special rabbits was made by feeding in stomach with chick embryo powder.These special rabbits in the experimental group were given with Huigui Pingheng capsules for one month.To check changes of the blood biochemical criterion of infant rabbits such as levels of hormone E2,PROG,TESTO,LH,FSH and compare with the normal control group.Results Most of the levels of blood hormone histology criterions of sexual precocity of special rabbits in the experimental groups were significantly reduced.Conclusion Sexual precocity of special rabbits can be effectively treated with Huigui Pingheng capsules.
Study on test methods of Listeria bacteria in food

Objective To conduct quantitative detection and qualitative detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food by combination of real- time fluorescence PCR and MPN counting method. Methods Bacterial suspension samples of Listeria monocytogenes at different concentrations were detected by bacteria culture method and real- time fluorescent PCR method,and the results were compared; Then quantitative detection was done in the enrichment broth by MPN counting method on the first day,2- day cold storage,6- day frozen storage to compare the detection results of the three kinds of enrichment broth. Results Bacteria culture method and real- time fluorescence PCR method showed consistent detection results,and the detection limits were both 1 cfu / g; By MPN method,the quantitative detection results was consistent between the first day and 2-day cold storage,but both had difference with that of 6- day cold storage. Conclusion Real- time fluorescence PCR method combining with MPN counting method has avoided the error due to resampling in quantitative detection after positive results obtained by bacterial culture method,and shorten the test cycle,thus reducing the workload and improving the working efficiency.
Induction of tissue injury and altered cardiovascular performance by platelet-activating factor: relevance to multiple systems organ failure.

PAF is a phospholipid formed from the action of phospholipase A2 upon cellular membranes in response to immunologic or hypoxic stimuli. PAF does not exist in its active form as a storage product within cells, but is synthesized rapidly after phospholipase A2 activation. A potent lipid released by multiple cell types in mammalian systems, the emerging perspective is that PAF is a major endogenous mediator influencing the pathogenesis and outcome of ischemia and conditions of circulatory shock. These effects appear to be especially relevant to the syndrome of MSOF during critical illness. All of the major criteria for validation of a shock factor have been fulfilled for PAF. First, PAF has been measured in biological fluid of animals during shock states, although this is not an easy task since PAF is formed in minute amounts and is rapidly metabolized. Nevertheless, combinations of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and bioassay methods employing washed rabbit platelets have been successfully utilized in this regard. Second, synthetic PAF has been injected into cell suspensions, isolated tissues, and live animals, where it produces most of the effects attributed to endogenous PAF released by immunologic or hypoxic stimuli. These studies have shown that PAF exerts a variety of pathophysiologic actions, including (1) cardiodepression (that is, a negative inotropic effect), (2) reductions in systemic blood pressure, (3) leakage of fluid from the microvasculature, (4) bronchoconstriction, and (5) platelet aggregation. All of these actions of PAF can initiate or exacerbate shock and ischemic injury in multiple organ systems. Third, specific PAF receptor antagonists have been found to markedly attenuate the severity of endotoxic, anaphylactic, hemorrhagic, and traumatic shock, as well as acute myocardial ischemia. In all these conditions, a variety of PAF receptor antagonists (including PAF analogues and structurally dissimilar substances) have improved survival and have retarded pathophysiologic processes believed to be important in causing tissue injury. These processes include lysosomal membrane damage and proteolysis. Moreover PAF receptor antagonists attenuate the release of secondary toxic factors in shock, such as myocardial depressant factor. Thus, administration of specific PAF receptor antagonists early in the course of circulatory shock and organ ischemia may prove to be useful therapeutic agents in a variety of life-threatening disorders. In addition to having direct actions, PAF appears to function as a pivotal agent in a chain of mediators producing tissue injury. Recent evidence suggests that tumor necrosis factors (i.e., cachectin) stim
The National Defense Education Act and Exceptional Children

Two recent amendments to The National Defense Education Act of 1958 enlarged its scope to include the education of exceptional children. The new Title XI allows colleges and universities to plan institutes in critical subjects for teachers of exceptional children. The amended Title III provides for instructional materials to be used for all school children, including the exceptional. This paper briefly presents the Titles' provisions and indicates those who would be eligible.
The Smalltalk-80 System: Applying the Object-Oriented Principle Throughout the Environment

The Smalltalk-80 system is an interactive graphical programming and applications environment. In the system the language, graphical display, editors, programming tools, operating system features, and application programs are integrated by treating each in a consistent object-oriented manner. The object-orientation of the Smalltalk-80 language, in which all information structure is in the form of objects and all processing is in the form of message-sending, greatly facilitates this consistency of the system.
Structural Characterization of Phosphatidylcholines Using 193 nm Ultraviolet Photodissociation Mass Spectrometry

Advances in mass spectrometry have made it a preferred tool for structural characterization of glycerophospholipids. Collisional activation methods commonly implemented on commercial instruments do not provide fragmentation patterns that allow elucidation of certain structural features, including acyl chain positions on the glycerol backbone and double bond positions within acyl chains. In the present work, 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) implemented on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer is used to localize double bond positions within phosphatidylcholine (PC) acyl chains. Cleavage of the carbon–carbon bonds adjacent to the double bond provides a diagnostic mass difference of 24 Da and enables differentiation of double-bond positional isomers. The UVPD method was extended to the characterization of PCs in a bovine liver extract via a shotgun strategy. Positive mode higher energy collisional dissociation (HCD) and UVPD, and negative mode HCD were undertaken in a complementary manner to identify spec...
Prosodic Cues to Discourse Segment Boundaries in Human-Computer Dialogue

Theories of discourse structure hypothesize a hierarchical structure of discourse segments, typically tree-structured. While substantial work has been done on identifying and automatically recognizing the textual and prosodic correlates of discourse structure in monologue, comparable cues for dialogue or multiparty conversation, and in particular humancomputer dialogue remain relatively less studied. In this paper, we explore prosodic cues to discourse segmentation in humancomputer dialogue. Using data drawn from 60 hours of interactions with a voice-only conversational spoken language system, we identify pitch and intensity features that signal segment boundaries. Specifically, based on 473 pairs of segment-final and segmentinitiating utterances, we find significant increases for segment-initial utterances in maximum pitch, average pitch, and average intensity, while segment-final utterances show significantly lower minimum pitch. These results suggest that even in the artificial environment of human-computer dialogue, prosodic cues robustly signal discourse segment structure, comparably to the contrastive uses of pitch and amplitude identified in natural monologues.
Who works in a working region? Inclusive innovation in the new manufacturing economy

Scholars have documented economic gains for regions that promote manufacturing through co-location of innovation and production activities. But it is unclear whether the production jobs created in ...
Building the Evidence Base for Remote Data Collection in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Comparing Reliability and Accuracy Across Survey Modalities

Background: Given the growing interest in mobile data collection due to the proliferation of mobile phone ownership and network coverage in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), we synthesized the evidence comparing estimates of health outcomes from multiple modes of data collection. In particular, we reviewed studies that compared a mode of remote data collection with at least one other mode of data collection to identify mode effects and areas for further research. Objective: The study systematically reviewed and summarized the findings from articles and reports that compare a mode of remote data collection to at least one other mode. The aim of this synthesis was to assess the reliability and accuracy of results. Methods: Seven online databases were systematically searched for primary and grey literature pertaining to remote data collection in LMICs. Remote data collection included interactive voice response (IVR), computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI), short message service (SMS), self-administered questionnaires (SAQ), and Web surveys. Two authors of this study reviewed the abstracts to identify articles which met the primary inclusion criteria. These criteria required that the survey collected the data from the respondent via mobile phone or landline. Articles that met the primary screening criteria were read in full and were screened using secondary inclusion criteria. The four secondary inclusion criteria were that two or more modes of data collection were compared, at least one mode of data collection in the study was a mobile phone survey, the study had to be conducted in a LMIC, and finally, the study should include a health component. Results: Of the 11,568 articles screened, 10 articles were included in this study. Seven distinct modes of remote data collection were identified: CATI, SMS (singular sitting and modular design), IVR, SAQ, and Web surveys (mobile phone and personal computer). CATI was the most frequent remote mode (n=5 articles). Of the three in-person modes (face-to-face [FTF], in-person SAQ, and in-person IVR), FTF was the most common (n=11) mode. The 10 articles made 25 mode comparisons, of which 12 comparisons were from a single article. Six of the 10 articles included sensitive questions. Conclusions: This literature review summarizes the existing research about remote data collection in LMICs. Due to both heterogeneity of outcomes and the limited number of comparisons, this literature review is best positioned to present the current evidence and knowledge gaps rather than attempt to draw conclusions. In order to advance the field of remote data collection, studies that employ standardized sampling methodologies and study designs are necessary to evaluate the potential for differences by survey modality. [J Med Internet Res 2017;19(5):e140]