cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and marital power in Mexico

Using information on spousal violence and decision making from a recent survey, this research addresses two issues pertaining to marital power in Mexican families. The first issue is the accuracy of various portraits of marital power. The results show that wives face diverse circumstances. Husband dominance is neither universal nor insurmountable. The second issue is whether marital power is associated with processes specified in the modernization or marginalization perspectives on the consequences of development. Consistent with the modernization perspective, educational attainment is a key variable affecting wives' exposure to domestic violence, likelihood of having an equal say in decisions, and satisfaction with influence in decisions. The results also suggest that economic opportunities per se are overemphasized in both perspectives. Over the last several decades, the interconnections among economic change, social change, and the status of women in developing societies have received considerable attention in the social sciences. This attention has crystallized around two alternative theoretical perspectives. The modernization perspective suggests that ideational and structural changes that accompany development enhance the status of women. The expansion of the infrastructures of mass communication, education, economics, and health care elevates the position of women within families by increasing their access to various resources. Increased access to resources erodes both the desire and the incentive to maintain patterns of family organization that limit the ability of women to adopt nontraditional roles. In contrast, the marginalization perspective suggests that developmentrelated processes marginalize women by diminishing their productive roles. Women are relegated to the margins of production by the mechanization of
Increased Rate of Trazodone Prescribing with Bupropion and Selective Serotonin-Reuptake Inhibitors versus Tricyclic Antidepressants

OBJECTIVE:To determine whether trazodone is prescribed significantly more often with selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and bupropion than with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs).METHODS:A retrospective analysis of Iowa City Department of Veteran's Affairs prescription records from March 1, 1995, to March 1, 1998, was performed. Antidepressants prescribed only by psychiatrists were included. Concomitant use was defined as trazodone prescribed on the same date or up to 42 days after the fill date of the primary antidepressant.STATISTICS:All comparisons used 2 times 2 c 2 contingency table. Significance level was set at p < 0.05.RESULTS:Significantly more patients were prescribed trazodone concurrently with bupropion and SSRI antidepressants than with TCAs. Trazodone was prescribed significantly more often for patients receiving an SSRI (p = 0.0001, c 2 = 14.59) or bupropion (p = 0.0295, c 2 = 4.74) than for patients receiving a TCA. There was no significant difference in trazodone use between th...
Oocyte metabolism predicts the development of cat embryos to blastocyst in vitro.

Current methods for detecting complete oocyte maturation and developmental competence are inadequate. The objectives of this study were to (1) examine the relationship between cat oocyte energy metabolism and development in vitro after fertilization and (2) determine if cumulus cell metabolism could be used to predict development of individual oocytes after fertilization in vitro. The hanging drop method was used to assess metabolism of three different types of cat oocytes: immature (IMO), in vitro matured (IVM), and in vivo matured (IVOM). Stage of oocyte nuclear maturation or developmental competence was assessed after metabolic analysis. Glycolysis and oxidation of glucose, glutamine, palmitate, and lactate increased with the resumption of oocyte meiotic maturation (P 0.05) between cumulus cell metabolism and individual oocyte development after in vitro fertilization. The data reveal that energy metabolism is linked to oocyte maturation in the cat and that glucose metabolic activity can indicate those oocytes most likely to fertilize and develop in vitro. Measuring cumulus cell metabolism does not accurately predict individual oocyte development after insemination in vitro.
Parametric conversion with distributedly modulated capacitors (DMC) for low-noise and non-reciprocal RF front-ends

Transmission lines with time-varying reactance exhibit interesting behaviors such as parametric amplification and mixing [1]. In this paper, such a transmission line realized with distributedly modulated capacitors (DMC) is demonstrated with its active conversion gain, low noise figure as well as non-reciprocity. DMC is offered a great potential to operate in an RF front-end either as a broadband low-noise amplifier (LNA) or an integrated circulator. A practical implementation is presented with varactors and microstrip lines connected in double-balanced fashion. DMC shows in simulations that 9 dB gain with below 0.5 dB noise figure over the input signal frequency of 1 to 6 GHz is achievable when it is optimized for gain and noise performance. Alternatively when the circuit is optimized for isolation, greater than 13 dB isolation can be achieved from 500 MHz to 1.8 GHz, which has been verified with the experiment.
Problems Facing Vascular Surgery in 2004

The most pressing challenges we face in the immediate future are endovascular training for those already in practice and a new educational paradigm for our residents. A number of avenues for training those in practice have been implemented, and newer methods, including computer simulation, are being explored. Vascular training programs should be 3 years in length, include vascular navigation and interventional skills, and follow 3 years of basic general surgical training. These changes in our resident training paradigm can take place only through two avenues: a successful reapplication to the American Board of Medical Specialties for an independent American Board of Vascular Surgery or a full reconfiguration of the training programs for general and vascular surgeons that would have to be spearheaded by the American Board of Surgery. There is skepticism that the latter could take place in the limited time we have left to make the vascular surgery residency attractive to candidates and sufficient in experiential and knowledge content.
Trends in the Suburbanization of Racial/Ethnic Groups in U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1970 to 2000:

This research examines recent trends in suburbanization for non-Latino Whites, Blacks, and Asians, and Latinos of all races. The authors find some association between group-level acculturation and socioeconomic status and 2000 suburbanization rates; however, these associations are largely attenuated by controls for suburban housing supply and do not explain much of the variation in changes in suburbanization rates from 1970 to 2000. Suburban housing supply is strongly associated with 2000 levels of suburbanization, yet these effects are largely attenuated by controlling for the suburban share of employment and affordable housing. Finally, the authors find large effects of change in suburban housing supply on change in group suburbanization rates; however, these effects are much weaker for Blacks relative to the other groups.
Gait production in a tensegrity based robot

The design of legged robots for movement has usually been based on a series of rigid links connected by actuated or passively compliant joints. However, the potential utility of tensegrity, in which form can be achieved using a disconnected set of rigid elements connected by a continuous network of tensile elements, has not been considered in the design of legged robots. This paper introduces the idea of a legged robot based on a tensegrity structure, and demonstrates that the dynamics of such structures can be utilized for locomotion. A mobile robot based on a triangular tensegrity prism is presented, which is actuated by contraction of its transverse cables. The automatic design of a controller architecture for forward locomotion is performed in simulation using a genetic algorithm which demonstrates that the structure can generate multiple effective gait patterns for forward locomotion. A real world tensegrity robot is implemented based on the simulated robot, which is shown to be capable of producing forward locomotion. The results suggest that a tensegrity structure can provide the basis for extremely lightweight and robust mobile robots
AUDITORY SPATIAL DEFICITS IN THE PERSONAL AND EXTRAPERSONAL FRAMES OF REFERENCE DUE TO CORTICAL LESIONS

Abstract Twenty-nine patients with unilateral cortical lesions were asked to localize simple auditory stimuli (the personal frame of reference) and to bisect the space between two auditory stimuli (the extra-personal frame of reference). Results indicate that the displacement error scores of the right posterior group were consistently greater than those of all other groups (the left posterior, right anterior, left anterior and normal control) in both frames of reference. Error analysis suggests that the right posterior effect reflects spatial dysfunction common to both hemispaces rather than the contralateral deficit characteristic of unilateral neglect.
Oviposition attractants for four species of mosquitoes in natural breeding waters.

The mosquitoes studied were Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say, C. tarsalis Coquillett, Aedes nigromaculis (Ludlow), and A. taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann). Oviposition attractants for each species were extracted with diethyl ether from the distillate of the water in which each species was breeding or supposed to breed. Two milliliters of the extracted concentrated attractants were prepared for each species from 100 or 120 liters of the breeding waters. Bioassays of oviposition attractants, from 4 distinct types of breeding sources, with the 4 species of mosquitoes were run in the laboratory. Oviposition attractants for C. tarsalis, A. nigromaculis , and A. taeniorhynchus were found, for the first time, to exist in their natural breeding waters. C. tarsalis oviposition attractants were 4.3 times as attractive as distilled water to this species at dosages of 50 and 5 μliters of the concentrate. A. nigromaculis attractants were 4.3 and 8.5 times as attractive as distilled water at dosages of 50 and 5 µliters, respectively. A. taeniorhynchus attractants stimulated 100% oviposition by this species at a 50-µliter dosage as compared with distilled water. The attractants for C. p. quinquefasciatus yielded attractiveness ratios of 4.7 and 2.8 at 50 and 5 µliters, respectively. Oviposition attractants for C. tarsalis, A. nigromaculis , and A. taeniorhynchus were, however, not markedly attractive to the other species of mosquitoes and showed repellency in some cases. There was an exception to this observation in that A. nigromaculis attractants were attractive to C. tarsalis at the 5-µliter dosage. C. p. quinquefasciatus was attracted to the attractants of all 4 species and was found to be nonspecific in its response to the various oviposition attractants. Based on the worldwide distribution of this species, this broad range of response is to be expected.
Online Learning for Web Query Generation: Finding Documents Matching a Minority Concept on the Web

This paper describes an approach for learning to generate web-search queries for collecting documents matching a minority concept. As a case study we use the concept of text documents belonging to Slovenian, a minority natural language on the Web. Individual documents are automatically labeled as relevant or non-relevant using a language filter and the feedback is used to learn what query-lengths and inclusion/exclusion term-selection methods are helpful for finding previously unseen documents in the target language. Our system, CorpusBuilder, learns to select "good" query terms using a variety of term scoring methods. We present empirical results with learning methods that vary the time horizon used when learning from the results of past queries. Our approaches generalize well across several languages regardless of the initial conditions.
Biliary Excretion of Chelated Iron.

SummaryThe iron chelates of Cl-EDDHA, CH3-EDDHA and EDDHA are excreted in the bile unchanged following intravenous and oral administration to rabbits and following intraperitoneal administration to rats. Bile duct ligation results in shunting the excretion into the urine. The metabolic path for these compounds is attributed to their relatively non-polar structure. The absorption of these compounds and Fe CDTA from the intestinal tract without molecular alteration establishes that suitably constructed small molecular weight iron chelates may bypass physiologic mechanisms of oral iron absorption.
Simple manifolds for surface modeling and parameterization

We present a surface modeling technique using manifolds. Our approach uses a single, simple parameterization for all surfaces of a given genus. This differs from previous approaches which build a parameterization based on the elements of a mesh. The simple parameterization is more appropriate for applications that perform complex operations in parameter space or on the mesh surface. We define a manifold and a corresponding embedding function for three genera (plane, sphere, and torus). The manifold can be used simply as a parameterization tool or as a smooth surface approximating the original mesh. We demonstrate how to build a correspondence between the mesh and the manifold, then how to build an embedding that approximates the mesh.
Peracetic Acid Sterilization: A Timely Development for a Busy Healthcare Industry

Peracetic acid is a component of an equilibrium mixture that includes acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and water. Although it was first reported in 1902, not until years later did Greenspan and MacKellar find it to be bactericidal at 0.001%, fungicidal at 0.003%, and sporicidal at 0.30%.’ There are no specific data explaining how peracetic acid actually destroys the cell; it has been speculated that it functions like other peroxides and oxidizing agents. Block suggests that it destroys the chemosmotic function of the lipoprotein cytoplasmic membrane through dislocation or rupture of the cell wall.Peracetic acid is sporicidal at low temperatures, and it remains effective in the presence of some organic material. Sprossig stated that peracetic acid has advantages for disinfection and sterilization not found in any other agent. Block states that, “It would be desirable to have a chemical with the attributes of hydrogen peroxide-effective germicidal and sterilizing capabilities, no harmful decomposition products, and infinite water solubility-but with greater lipid solubility and freedom from deactivation by catalases and peroxidases. Such a compound exists. It is peracetic acid.” Fraser adds that, “A prime advantage of peracetic acid is that it is a nonfoaming, water-soluble liquid that is fast acting and nonderivatising, as well as environmentally accepted.”
“Today There Are No Indigenous People” in Chile?: Connecting the Mapuche Struggle to Anti-Neoliberal Mobilizations in South America

The books under review all deal with the same fundamental phenomenon: mobilization against neoliberal policies by South American indigenous groups. These works fall into two groups: those that focus on the Mapuche struggle in Chile, and those that consider anti-neoliberal indigenous mobilization in the region more broadly. Just as literature in the former group fails to draw any linkages between the Mapuche and other South American indigenous struggles, the latter body of literature does not engage with Chile as a case worthy of consideration. This essay delineates the arguments made by scholars from both groups and argues that they must be brought into dialogue with one another in order to develop both a more holistic conceptualization of the Mapuche struggle in Chile and a more complete understanding of indigenous mobilization in the region. Further empirical work is needed on how Mapuche mobilization relates to other indigenous, anti-neoliberal mobilizations in South America.
Charge properties of low density lipoprotein subclasses

Measurements of electrophoretic mobility and particle size of low density lipoproteins (LDL) allowed use of standard electrokinetic theory to quantitate LDL charge characteristics from subjects with predominance of large LDL (pattern A, n = 9) or small LDL (pattern B, n = 8). Pattern A LDL was found to have significantly lower (P or = 1.032 g/ml. In a subset of subjects incubation with neuraminidase produced significant reductions in all LDL charge parameters for all subfractions, but did not abolish the differences between pattern A and B. Thus increased surface potential and charge density of unfractionated pattern B LDL is due both to charge properties of particles across the size and density spectrum as well as enrichment of pattern B LDL with smaller, denser particles that have higher surface charge density.
Monitoring transient changes within overpressured regions of subduction zones using ambient seismic noise

In subduction zones, elevated pore fluid pressure, generally linked to metamorphic dehydration reactions, has a profound influence on the mechanical behavior of the plate interface and forearc crust through its control on effective stress. We use seismic noise-based monitoring to characterize seismic velocity variations following the 2012 Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica earthquake [M w (moment magnitude) 7.6] that we attribute to the presence of pressurized pore fluids. Our study reveals a strong velocity reduction (~0.6%) in a region where previous work identified high forearc pore fluid pressure. The depth of this velocity reduction is constrained to be below 5 km and therefore not the result of near-surface damage due to strong ground motions; rather, we posit that it is caused by fracturing of the fluid-pressurized weakened crust due to dynamic stresses. Although pressurized fluids have been implicated in causing coseismic velocity reductions beneath the Japanese volcanic arc, this is the first report of a similar phenomenon in a subduction zone setting. It demonstrates the potential to identify pressurized fluids in subduction zones using temporal variations of seismic velocity inferred from ambient seismic noise correlations.
Congressional Interpretations of the Commander-in-Chief Clause, 1812-1865

This paper content analyzes an original dataset containing all of the references to the president as "commander-in-chief" that occur in the debates of the United States Congress. It finds that members tended to make arguments that the commander-in-chief clause of the Constitution granted the president very specific powers. The consensus among members of Congress was that the clause granted the president military authority analogous to that of a general, whose powers are defined at least partially by international norms regarding the behavior of generals in wartime. There was a tendency of members of both parties to support a vigorous role for Congress in the execution of wars and the governance of conquered territory. The analysis also finds that the partisanship of the speaker was closely related to how broadly they interpreted the president's commander-in-chief powers to be. When the president was in the speaker's party, they tended to view his inherent powers more broadly than when the president was in the opposite party.
A Design Implementation Process for Robotic Hand Synthesis

The design of multi-fingered robotic hands can follow a kinematic synthesis approach, in which a trajectory or set of points and higher derivatives are defined for each fingertip. The output of the dimensional synthesis is a set of joint axes, effectively defining the basic kinematic structure of the hand. In the case of spatial motion, there seems to be a big gap between the results of the dimensional synthesis and a real and effective detailed design of the robotic hand, this being one of the reasons why synthesis is not regularly used in the design of robotic hands.This work aims to reduce the gap from kinematic synthesis to detailed, computer-aided design of robotic hands. In order to do so, the output of the dimensional synthesis is first used as the input of a link-based optimization process, aim to bring to reasonable values requirements such as link lengths, internal friction forces and obstacle avoidance, including self-intersection. The optimized results are automatically imported to a popular solid modeling software, creating reference geometry for parts, and joint axes and anchor points for the final hand assembly. At the same time, a database of hand parts is presented to the user to select and adapt in order to create a first realistic assembly of the robotic hand.The output of the process is a first detailed design of the robotic hand, which can be a good starting point for the designer to implement transmission and actuation in further stages.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Review: Architecture as Revolution: Episodes in the History of Modern Mexico by Luis E. Carranza

Luis E. Carranza . Architecture as Revolution: Episodes in the History of Modern Mexico . Austin: University of Texas Press: 2010, 255 pp., 29 b/w illus. $60, ISBN 9780292721951 Luis E. Carranza's Architecture as Revolution explores Mexico City's architectural culture in the immediate post-Revolutionary period of 1920 to 1940, a self-consciously nascent moment in which elites hoped they might "fix" recent history, giving it shape and texture but also correcting its lapses and inconveniences. While armed combat had more or less ceased, the capital city and the new state remained unstable. Slow, halting, and sometimes punitive institutionalization, dependent on rhetoric as much as building projects, was ongoing. Carranza asks some important questions for understanding this process: What kind of architecture did the Revolution give birth to? Was it indeed "revolutionary"? Reading Carranza it becomes clear that the past was not so much repudiated as partially reproduced and recoded. The strident functionalism that would thrill Euro-American critics like Henry-Russell Hitchcock did not begin to emerge in Mexico much before 1930. Colonial architecture, previously denigrated by Independence-period and Porfirian critics, was rehabilitated as a usable past. The reasons for this move are multiple, scant national resources among them, but it was also a matter of political expediency. Revolutionary elites negotiated their hegemony using time-tested tools: reform, patronage, pedagogy, and violence. They assigned themselves a tutelary role, mixing patriotic duty and self-interest, although their perspective on the events was often fractional and disjointed. The slate was far from wiped clean. Given …
Endophyte-Enhanced Resistance to Billbug (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Sod Webworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and White Grub (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae) in Tall Fescue

The species complex of billbugs ( Sphenophorus spp.) is more complicated and may cause more damage to turfgrass than previously documented. The influence of endophyte infection on billbug feeding damage was examined in two tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreber) field trials in New Jersey. Before insect damage, endophyte infection in tall fescue had no marked influence on overall turf quality. Billbug feeding damage reduced turf cover by as much as 25% in endophyte-free tall fescue. Two billbug species, S. venatus vestitus Chittenden and S. minimus Hart, accounted for 94% of the adults collected from the two trials; S. venatus vestitus accounted for 73% of the adults. Active larvae feeding during fall and early winter demonstrated that a second generation of billbug ( S. venatus vestitus ) occurred in New Jersey in 1991. Two additional types of turfgrass pests, sod webworms (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and scarabeid grubs, were observed in these two field trials. Sod webworm population was lowest in endophyte-infected tall fescue of both trials whereas grub population was only significantly lower in endophyte-infected plots of one trial. The results from this field study indicate that a species complex of insect pests, and in particular billbug, can be a serious problem in endophyte-free tall fescue turf and that endophyte infection is important for enhancing a high level of resistance to insect damage. The demonstration of serious insect feeding damage to tall fescue further emphasizes the importance of host resistance, whether through endophyte enhancement or “true” host resistance.
Measures of Manifest Conflict in Distribution Channels

Manifest channel conflict is operationalized in terms of the frequency and intensity of disagreements between channel members and the importance of the issues about which they disagree. Six differe...
NONISOTHERMAL BEHAVIOR OF THE OXIDATION OF ILMENITE IN FLUIDIZED BED

A nonisothermal kinetic model describing the oxidation of ilmenite in the fluidized bed has been developed on the basis of the two-phase theory of a fluidized-bed reactor, and it has then been solved numerically by means of the Runge-Kutta Method with parameters which were measured experimentally or estimated with empirical correlations. The calculation results reveal that the temperature inside the fluidized bed fit generally with that of the mathematical simulation, and the maximum temperature of the bed is increased linearly with the concentration of oxygen fed into the furnace. It has further been found that heat dissipation of the bed occur mainly at the wall.
Comparison of therapeutic effect between laparoscopic and open procedure for peptic ulcer perforation of children

Objective:To compare the efficacy of laparoscopic repair for perforated peptic ulcer(d10 mm) in children with that of open procedure.Methods:A total clinical data of 42 children with perforated peptic ulcer undergoing surgical treatment from June 2000 to July 2008 were reviewed.Results:All statistical parameters(bleeding,recovery time after operation,length of incision and postoperative hospital-lization period) in the laparoscopic operation group were better than the conventional operation group;There was no significant difference between two groups in the oper a ting time and hole diameter.Conclusion:Laparoscopic operation for perforated ulcer of children is safe and reliable and has minimal injury,cosmetic outcome,rapid recovery and shorter time in hospital.
Non Diagonal Case

Chapter 4 provided a detailed study of the behavior of the random vector (tX)(mod 1) for large values of t. From the fact that $$ tX = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {tX_1 } \\ {tX_2 } \\ \vdots \\ {tX_n } \\ \end{array} } \right) = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} t \\ 0 \\ \vdots \\ 0 \\ \end{array} \begin{array}{*{20}c} 0 \\ t \\ \vdots \\ 0 \\ \end{array} \begin{array}{*{20}c} \cdots \\ \cdots \\ \ddots \\ \cdots \\ \end{array} \begin{array}{*{20}c} 0 \\ 0 \\ \vdots \\ t \\ \end{array} } \right)\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {X_1 } \\ {X_2 } \\ \vdots \\ {X_n } \\ \end{array} } \right), $$ this may be viewed as the “diagonal case.” This chapter deals with the general case, that is, given an n dimensional random vector X and a collection of n by n matrices, A(τ); τ ∈ T ⊂ IR, attention is focused on conditions under which (A(τ)X)(mod 1) converges to a distribution uniform on the unit hypercube, Un, as τ tends to infinity.
Teaching Versus Living: Managerial Decision Making in the Gray:

Preparing students for the consequential ethical decisions that they will face in their careers is among the most difficult tasks of management education. I describe some of these challenges based on my book Why They Do It: Inside the Mind of the White-Collar Criminal and recent work in behavioral ethics. I explore why some decisions are much more easily resolved in the classroom than in practice and offer three ways to more effectively prepare students: integrating ethical decision making with core-discipline teaching, cultivating moral humility rather than moral confidence, and creating opportunities for norm reinforcement.
Posterior Colporrhaphy (With or Without Perineorrhaphy)

Evaluation and management of posterior prolapse can be challenging, as patients with rectocele can present with a variety of non-specific complaints, including vaginal bulge, bowel symptoms such as constipation or bloating, need to splint, perineal ballooning, or pelvic pressure. Unlike the anterior compartment, symptoms do not correlate with anatomy, and thus thorough history and physical exam are critical. Pre-operative radiographic evaluation has a limited role and typically does not change management.
Addressing Health Literacy and Numeracy Through Systems Approaches

Health literacy and health numeracy refer to the skills and competencies that patients use to obtain health information, understand it, and apply it. However, the informatics literature and the patient education literature show that patients’ ability to obtain, understand, and apply health information is strongly influenced by factors other than their individual skills. For example, with poorly designed medication instructions, only high-literacy patients can choose the correct dose, but with well-designed instructions, both high- and low-literacy patients can do so. Clearly, understanding is influenced by not only by patient skills but also by healthcare provider communication skills, the design and accessibility of information resources, and the policies and resources of the healthcare system itself. In this chapter, we describe a distributed cognition model of health literacy and numeracy and demonstrate how it suggests systems approaches for addressing the problem. From this perspective, a patient’s failure to understand health information is always attributable to at least two weaknesses in the system: e.g., limited literacy skills combined with poorly designed information resources. Interventions can then be targeted to strengthen weaknesses at multiple places in the system. Case examples illustrate ways in which this perspective has stimulated effective health informatics interventions to address health literacy and numeracy.
Two-Stream Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory for Mitosis Event Detection and Stage Localization in Phase-Contrast Microscopy Images

In this paper, we propose a Two-Stream Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (TS-BLSTM) for the task of mitosis event detection and stage localization in time-lapse phase contrast microscopy image sequences. Our method consists of two steps. First, we extract candidate mitosis image sequences. Then, we solve the problem of mitosis event detection and stage localization jointly by the proposed TS-BLSTM, which utilizes both appearance and motion information from candidate sequences. The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-arts by achieving 98.4% precision and 97.0% recall for mitosis detection and 0.62 frame error on average for mitosis stage localization in five challenging image sequences.
Pathophysiology of Myocardial Reperfusion Injury

The debate over the existence and nature of lethal reperfusion injury has been sustained by the fact that we do not know exactly why an ischemic insult kills cells in the first place. While the mechanism of lethal ischemia is far from fully understood, much is known about it, and it is not simply a matter of cells starving to death from lack of nutrition. In practical terms, ischemia must be treated by reperfusion. But for many years, scientists suspected that reperfusion itself causes a component of injury and reasoned if that injury could be eliminated, the outcome of reperfusion therapy would be improved. In this chapter, we will explore some of the proposed theories of reperfusion injury, including membrane failure from swelling, calcium overload, free radical attack, inflammation, and mitochondrial permeability transition pores. We will explore how each theory originated and the evidence supporting each.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUPER RESOLUTION MAGNETO-OPTICAL DISK USING AN IN-PLANE MAGNETIZATION FILM

A super resolution magneto - optical (MO) disk with the medium of a GdFeCo readout layer and a DyFeCo recordingla yer was in vestigated. The readout la yer wasdesig nedsoas to show in - plane magnetization at room temperature and perpendicular magnetization above lOOV for high readout resolution. Readout signal quality was measuredatseverallinearvelocities. The ve-lo city dependence was little in the range from 5 to l0m/s; the maximum car-rier to noise ratio (CNR) at each velocitiesisnearlyequal. The per-formance of high densityrecording was studied with a 680nm wavelength optical head. The CNR and thecrosstalk were 45dB and -40dB respectively at 0.55dm mark leng th and 0.8um track pitch.
Die Klimatherapie der Hautkrankheiten

Gerne bin ich der Aufforderung des Kollegen Marchionini nachgekommen, anlaslich seiner bereits zur Tradition gewordenen, von zahlreichen in- und auslandischen Arzten mit groser Aufmerksamkeit verfolgten Fortbildungswoche uber unsere seit mehr als 30 Jahren auf dem Gebiete der Klimatherapie der Hautkrankheiten gemachten Erfahrungen zu berichten. Gewinnt doch in unserer Disziplin diese lange Zeit kaum genutzte, allenfalls einmal von einzelnen beguterten Kranken versuchte, selbst heute noch von vielen Dermatologen unterschatzte Behandlungs-moglichkeit nun auch fur die Sozialversicherten zusehends eine immer grosere Bedeutung. Nicht langer ubersehen oder ubergehen last sich die ubrigens von der Munchener Hautklinik, ferner von J. Hartung, Sulzberger und anderen Autoren gleichfalls bestatigte Tatsache, das bestimmte chronische bzw. chronisch-rezidivierende Dermatosen bioklimatisch wirksam zu beeinflussen sind. Schon aus psychologischen Grunden sollte ein so wertvolles und naturliches Heilverfahren mehr als bisher im Therapieplan berucksichtigt werden.
Anisotropicness in Lattice Gauge Theory

Symmetry is a fundamental concept in nuclear physics and no where can it he more important and prevalent than in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Although QCD is a very difficult problem, some important understandings have been made since the pioneering work of Wilson[1] and Polyakov[2] in lattice gauge theory (LGT). For example, the pure SU(2) and SU(3) gauge fields were shown to have the important feature of confinement [3] and with quark fields, a chiral symmetry restoration [4]. With the rapid development of massively parallel machines, one would expect that lattice QCD will turn into a tool for practical numerical predications in the future, and perhaps near. Still, current simulations have been limited by computational power and the slow pace of alogrithmic improvement. Therefore it is still necessary to study the type of lattice in order to improve calculations.
Hydrogenation Entropies of the ZrMn2+y System

Hydrogenation of Mn-containing intermetallics leads to striking changes in magnetic properties. For example, Th6Mn23 is a Pauli paramagnetic but becomes ferrimagnetic upon hydrogenation. Vapor pressure studies of ZrMn2+y hydrides. have suggested unusual ΔH and ΔS values for hydrogen release. The values are about 40 and 50%, respectively, lower than the corresponding values for the paradigm hydride material LaNi5H6. The unusual thermodynamics could originate with either a large magnetic contribution or irreversibility for the system. Recent calorimetric measurements indicate that irreversibility is the major factor. Entropies of absorbed hydrogen derived from the calorimetric results are about 17 J/K g.atom of H, which is in good agreement with the computed values, 18.3 J/K g. atom H.
They matter: Sexual orientation microaggressions in high school

Sexual orientation-based discrimination in schools has evolved from primarily blatant, overt forms to include more subtle and ambiguous forms, or microaggressions. To date, the unique experiences o...
Management of Scrotal/Testicular Mass

The differential diagnosis for the newly diagnosed scrotal or testicular mass is broad. The clinician must be able to differentiate emergent diagnoses like testicular torsion and life-threatening malignancy from more benign entities. This chapter provides an algorithm for diagnosis and briefly discusses the initial management of major causes of scrotal and testicular lesions, including malignancy, testicular trauma, and testicular torsion.
Privacy Decision Making: The Brain Approach

Functional magnetic resonance imaging tools develop neurobiological evidence of human brain reactions to privacy risks. Our results indicate that privacy decisions are more affective cognitive than purely cognitive, as assumed in the existing affective-computing models for privacy decision making.
Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy: a systematic review.

Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) is a fatal disease process in which pulmonary hypertension (PH) develops in the setting of malignancy. The purpose of this study is to present a detailed analysis of cases of PTTM reported in literature in the hopes of achieving more ante-mortem diagnoses. We conducted a systematic review of currently published and available cases of PTTM by searching the term "pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy" on the Pubmed.gov database. Seventy-nine publications were included consisting of 160 unique cases of PTTM. The most commonly reported malignancy was gastric adenocarcinoma (94 cases, 59%). Cough and dyspnea were reported in 61 (85%) and 102 (94%) cases, respectively. Hypoxemia was reported in 96 cases (95%). Elevation in D-dimer was noted in 36 cases (95%), presence of anemia in 32 cases (84%), and thrombocytopenia in 30 cases (77%). Common findings on chest computed tomography (CT) included ground-glass opacities (GGO) in 28 cases (82%) and nodules in 24 cases (86%). PH on echocardiography was noted in 59 cases (89%) with an average right ventricular systolic pressure of 71 mmHg. Common features of PTTM that are reported across the published literature include presence of dyspnea and cough, hypoxemia, with abnormal CT findings of GGO, nodules, and mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy, and PH. PTTM is a universally fatal disease process and this analysis provides a detailed examination of all the available published data that may help clinicians establish an earlier diagnosis of PTTM.
Socially responsible innovation in security. Critical reflections

Modern societies are fascinated by the idea of technological progress. A constant search for improvement, whether of an individual or of society, is underscored by the belief in innovation: ‘soluti...
The Black Church

This chapter, the first of three related chapters, chronicles the role of the black church within the context of Pan-Africanism. Long considered exclusively devoted to the fight for racial equality and justice in the U.S., the role of the black church in the Pan-African movement is emerging and is yet to be fully articulated. The evidence that Du Bois papers brings to light makes such a task timely. These original proceedings of all the six major Pan-African Congresses held from 1900 to 1945 show that the scope and mission of the black church, in particular, does indeed transcend the bounds of continental U.S. The reach of the black church, as measured not only in its spiritual and most importantly in its political leadership, extends to the movement toward re-uniting and uplifting people of African descent around the world.
Frailty and aging in cancer survivors

There are over 15 million survivors of cancer in the United States whose rates of frailty, an aging phenotype, range from just under 10% to over 80%. Frailty impacts not only disease survival but also long-term function and quality of life in children, adolescents, and in all adults diagnosed and/or treated for cancer. This review explains frailty as a construct and model of physiologic well-being. It also describes how frailty at diagnosis impacts cancer outcomes in adult populations and enumerates the prevalence of frailty in different populations of cancer survivors. Biological mechanisms responsible for aging and potentially for frailty among individuals with or who have been treated for cancer are discussed. Finally, promising pharmaceutical and lifestyle interventions designed to impact aging rather than a specific disease, tested in other populations, but likely applicable in cancer patients and survivors, are discussed.
Modeling diffusion-based drug release inside a nerve conduit in vitro and in vivo validation study

The objective of this work was to develop a model and understand the diffusion of a drug into and throughout a drug delivering nerve conduit from a surrounding reservoir through a hole in the wall separating the lumen of the conduit and the reservoir. A mathematical model based on Fick's law of diffusion was developed using the finite difference method to understand the drug diffusion and the effect of varying device parameters on the concentration of drug delivered from a hole-based drug delivery device. The mathematical model was verified using a physical microfluidic (μFD) model and an in vitro/in vivo release test using prototype devices. The results of the mathematical model evaluation and microfluidic device testing offered positive insight into the reliability and function of the reservoir and hole-based drug delivering nerve conduit. The mathematical model demonstrated how changing device parameters would change the drug concentration inside the device. It was observed that the drug release in the conduit could be tuned by both concentration scaling and changing the hole size or number of holes. Based on the results obtained from the microfluidic device, the error in the mathematical drug release model was shown to be less than 10% when comparing the data obtained from mathematical model and μFD model. The data highlights the flexibility of having a hole-based drug delivery system, since the drug release can be scaled predictably by changing the device parameters or the concentration of the drug in the reservoir. Graphical abstract .
Anesthetic concerns for pediatric patients in the era of COVID-19.

After a novel human coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was reported in China in December 2019, the disease quickly reached pandemic level. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The caseload has increased exponentially, with WHO reporting 182 000 global cases by March 17, 2020, and over 2.6 million by 23 April. The clinical situation is complex, with children presenting different clinical features compared to adults. Several articles with recommendations on the anesthetic management of adult patients with COVID-19 have been published, but no specific recommendations for pediatric anesthesiologists have been made yet. This article addresses specific concerns for the anesthetic management of the pediatric population with COVID-19.
The Roof is on Fire: Wildfires' Effect on Housing Prices

Regression analyses have been commonly applied to studying the relationships between wildfires and housing prices in local markets. My study conducts a regression analysis on a panel of local markets using county-level data. It contributes to climate and housing literature by estimating the impact of wildfires on housing prices across the Western United States using a robust least squares regression. Most models estimate wildfire effects on housing prices using direct data from wildfire activities or acres burned due to wildfire as their variables of interest. Wildfire activity data is not easily accessible on the county-level; thus, this model utilizes average annual maximum temperatures to measure changes in climate over time which exacerbate and contribute to more frequent wildfire activities. (Westerling et al., 2007). My study finds that as the average maximum temperature increases within a county, the housing prices will generally decrease in value. The results of these effects are found to be statistically significant. Specifically, one percentage point increase in the growth rate of average maximum temperature reduces the growth rate of housing sales price by an average of 0.149 percentage point. These results can provide policymakers and researchers more information about land use in wildfire-prone areas and the impact wildfires have on housing markets.
Fast Diagnosis of Failure Mechanisms and Lifetime Prediction of Li Metal Batteries

Author(s): Gao, Ningshengjie; Abboud, Alexander W; Mattei, Gerard S; Li, Zhuo; Corrao, Adam A; Fang, Chengcheng; Liaw, Boryann; Meng, Ying Shirley; Khalifah, Peter G; Dufek, Eric J; Li, Bin
The Hubble Constant from Type Ia Supernova Calibrated with the Linear and Non-Linear Cepheid Period-Luminosity Relation

It is well-known that the peak brightness of the Type Ia supernovae calibrated with Cepheid distances can be used to determine the Hubble constant. The Cepheid distances to host galaxies of the calibrating supernovae are usually obtained using the period-luminosity (PL) relation derived from Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) Cepheids. However recent empirical studies provide evidence that the LMC PL relation is not linear. In this Letter we determine the Hubble constant using both the linear and non-linear LMC Cepheid PL relations as calibrating relations to four galaxies that hosted Type Ia supernovae. Our results suggest that the obtained values of the Hubble constant are similar. However a typical error of $\sim0.03$mag. has to be added (in quadrature) to the systematic error for the Hubble constant when the linear LMC PL relation is used, assuming that the LMC PL relation is indeed non-linear. This is important in minimizing the total error of the Hubble constant in the era of precision cosmology. The Hubble constants calibrated from the linear and non-linear LMC PL relation are H_0 = 74.92+-2.28(random)+-5.06(systematic) km/s/Mpc and H_0 = 74.37+-2.27(random)+-4.92(systematic) km/s/Mpc, respectively. Hubble constants calculated using the Galactic PL relations are also briefly discussed and presented in the last section of this Letter.
Convex Smoothed Autoencoder-Optimal Transport model.

Generative modelling is a key tool in unsupervised machine learning which has achieved stellar success in recent years. Despite this huge success, even the best generative models such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) come with their own shortcomings, mode collapse and mode mixture being the two most prominent problems. In this paper we develop a new generative model capable of generating samples which resemble the observed data, and is free from mode collapse and mode mixture. Our model is inspired by the recently proposed Autoencoder-Optimal Transport (AE-OT) model and tries to improve on it by addressing the problems faced by the AE-OT model itself, specifically with respect to the sample generation algorithm. Theoretical results concerning the bound on the error in approximating the non-smooth Brenier potential by its smoothed estimate, and approximating the discontinuous optimal transport map by a smoothed optimal transport map estimate have also been established in this paper.