cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mouthpart morphology and feeding behavior of the invasive kudzu bug, Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae)

The invasive kudzu bug, Megacopta cribraria, was first reported in North America in 2009 and has subsequently spread through most of the southeastern United States, causing yield loss in soybean. Since detection in the USA, research has focused mainly on managing this newly established pest, but many important characteristics of the pest's mouthpart morphology and feeding behavior are unknown. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of nymph and adult mouthparts and sensilla were made through scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, and feeding behavior was examined using electropenetrography (EPG) and paraffin histology. Morphologies observed were similar to what has previously been reported for other piercing–sucking hemipterans. The relationship between rostrum length and body size (pronotum width and dorsal length) exhibited negative allometry. Rostrum length exhibited an isometric relationship with interocular width. Adult females (n=9) probed soybean stems 1.3±0.8 times in 9 h, with an average probe time of 2.3±1.3 h. EPG waveforms were characterized and correlated with behavior. Salivary sheaths were shown to terminate in the vascular tissue; four of five sheaths terminated in the phloem. This is the first time that the feeding behavior of a member of the Plataspidae has been recorded using EPG. Results add to our current limited knowledge of plataspid mouthpart morphology and provide a baseline for further research on the feeding behaviors of M. cribraria and other soybean-feeding hemipterans.
For Educational Counselors: To College in Ohio

(1945). For Educational Counselors: To College in Ohio. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 111-112.
Resident Workshop Standardizes Patient Handoff and Improves Quality, Confidence, and Knowledge.

OBJECTIVES Residency programs are required to instruct residents in handoff; however, a handoff curriculum endorsed by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education does not exist. Although curricula are available, we preferred to use a curriculum that could be taught quickly, was easy to implement, and used a mnemonic that resembled current practices at our institution. We designed and implemented a novel handoff educational workshop intended to improve resident confidence and performance. METHODS In this observational study, pediatric residents across postgraduate training years during winter 2014-spring 2015 participated in two study segments: a handoff workshop with questionnaires and handoff observations. Co-investigators developed and led an interactive workshop for residents that emphasized a standardized approach using the SIGNOUT mnemonic (see text for definition). The effect of workshop participation on handoff abilities was evaluated using a validated, handoff evaluation tool administered before and after the workshop. Qualitative feedback was obtained from residents using pre- and postworkshop surveys. RESULTS Forty-three residents participated in the workshop; 41 residents completed handoff observations. Improvements were noted in clinical judgment (P = 0.02) and organization/communication (P = 0.005). Pre- and postworkshop surveys demonstrated self-perceived increases in confidence, comfort, and knowledge (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Improvements in handoffs, particularly in clinical judgment and organization/communication domains, suggest that a more standardized handoff approach is beneficial, especially for postgraduate year 1 residents. The novel, interactive workshop we developed can be taught quickly, is easy to implement, is appropriate for all resident training levels, and improves resident confidence and skill. This workshop can be implemented by training programs across all disciplines, possibly leading to improved patient safety.
GETTING THE BABY INTO THE BATHWATER: PUTTING ORGANIZATIONAL PLANNING INTO THE SYSTEMS DESIGN PROCESS

It is a truism that “people problems” are the major determinants of system success or failure. However, planning for the human and organizational changes which accompany technical change is still more the exception that the rule in many places. We have been working to change that at Honeywell since 1984, when we were first commissioned by our CEO to look at the impact of technology on the Corporation's culture. Since that time, we have been deeply involved designing a way to modify the traditional systems development process in order to incorporate proactive planning for human and organizational impacts of new information technology. The result is a methodology called DELTA (for D elivering E ducation to L everage T echnology A pplication). This paper discusses the way in which we designed this new methodology and will describe it, giving examples of its use from the consulting we have done. DELTA is based on the assumption that to be fully successful, technology implementation requires input from three perspectives: Business, Technical and Organizational. A major benefit has been the increased cooperation between professional communities which previously were unaccustomed to working together. By taking a systemic approach to technical system development, we feel that it is far more likely that human and organizational issues will be addressed proactively.
High Field Functional MRI in Humans: Applications to Cognitive Function

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology at field strengths up to 1.5 T is mature after many years of experience by manufacturers in providing a clinically acceptable level of performance. The MRI technique is the accepted modality of choice for neuroimaging when the question of structural abnormality is raised. The development of functional MRI (fMRI) offers potential for developing clinical applications in which brain function as well as anatomy are examined [1]. The presumed mechanism on which most current fMRI is based is the increased MR signal that arises from the increased blood flow that occurs with increased neuronal activity. The increased flow, out of proportion to the tissue oxygen utilization, increases the net tissue blood oxygenation [2] thereby decreasing the magnetic susceptibility-induced transverse relaxation caused by deoxygenated blood. This has been termed blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast [3]. Such signal changes in the microvasculature are small (1–5%), and therefore always limited by the available signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Strategies to improve the reliability of such measurements for clinical applications would be useful.
Impeaching Dilma Rousseff: the double life of corruption allegations on Brazil’s political right

This essay analyses the 2016 congressional impeachment of Brazilian President, Dilma Rousseff, for alleged budgetary misconduct, as well as the related right-wing, ‘anti-corruption’ demonstrations ...
An Economic Assessment of the Southern Atlantic Coastal Region’s Stormwater Management Practices

This study explores one of the least studied but most widely used instruments to control stormwater runoff — retention ponds. It is surprising that so little research within the economics literatur...
The impact of professional learning on in-service teachers’ pedagogical delivery of literacy-infused science with middle school English learners: a randomised controlled trial study in the U.S

ABSTRACTResearch in the United States show that professional learning (PL) can improve classroom instruction. However, teachers, especially educators in the content areas, receive insufficient trai...
Light Emission by Nanoporous GaN Produced by a Top-Down, Nonlithographical Nanopatterning

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy is carried out to probe radiative recombination and related light emission processes in two-dimensional periodic close-packed nanopore arrays in gallium nitride (np-GaN). The arrays were produced by nonlithographic nanopatterning of wurtzite GaN followed by a dry etching. The results of Raman spectroscopy point to a small relaxation of the compressive stress of ~0.24 GPa in nanoporous vs. bulk GaN. At ~300 K, the PL emission is induced by excitons and not free-carrier interband radiative recombinations. An evolution of the emission spectra with T is confirmed to be mainly a result of a decay of nonexcitonic PL emission and less of spectral shifts of the underlying PL bands. A switching of excitonic PL regime observed experimentally was analyzed within the exciton recombination-generation framework. The study provides new insights into the behaviors and physical mechanisms regulating light emission processes in np-GaN, critical to the development of nano-opto-electronic devices based on mesoscopic GaN.
Initiating Treatment for Parkinson’s Disease

There are many options available for initiating medical therapy of Parkinson’s disease. Rather than treating all patients the same by relying on an algorithmic approach, treatment should be individualized based on the specific needs of each patient. The decision regarding when treatment is necessary is dictated by the degree to which PD is interfering with the patient’s functioning or affecting them psychosocially, such as embarrassment. All patients with PD will eventually require treatment with levodopa, but for younger patients with mild impairment, options also include a dopamine agonist, an anticholinergic, a monoamine B inhibitor, or amantadine; the choice should be a mutual decision with the patient after discussing the pros and cons of each drug. For the patient in whom PD is significantly affecting functioning, especially their occupation, levodopa is usually the best option, even for the younger patient as the benefit of levodopa outweighs the increased risk of fluctuations and dyskinesias. While initial therapy with a dopamine agonist forestalls fluctuations, this comes at the expense of less symptom relief and greater side effects. Levodopa should be considered the first-line agent for patients over 70 as older patients are less likely to develop fluctuations and dyskinesias. The often-practiced reticence of initiating treatment of PD with levodopa is no longer justified.
Arc Oligomerization Is Regulated by CaMKII Phosphorylation of the GAG Domain: An Essential Mechanism for Plasticity and Memory Formation

Arc is a synaptic protein essential for memory consolidation. Recent studies indicate that Arc originates in evolution from a Ty3-Gypsy retrotransposon GAG domain. The N-lobe of Arc GAG domain acquired a hydrophobic binding pocket in higher vertebrates that is essential for Arc's canonical function to weaken excitatory synapses. Here, we report that Arc GAG also acquired phosphorylation sites that can acutely regulate its synaptic function. CaMKII phosphorylates the N-lobe of the Arc GAG domain and disrupts an interaction surface essential for high-order oligomerization. In Purkinje neurons, CaMKII phosphorylation acutely reverses Arc's synaptic action. Mutant Arc that cannot be phosphorylated by CaMKII enhances metabotropic receptor-dependent depression in the hippocampus but does not alter baseline synaptic transmission or long-term potentiation. Behavioral studies indicate that hippocampus- and amygdala-dependent learning requires Arc GAG domain phosphorylation. These studies provide an atomic model for dynamic and local control of Arc function underlying synaptic plasticity and memory.
Medical Uses of Radioactive Materials

This chapter is an abridged version of NRC 10CFR35 that describes the conditions for the uses of byproduct materials in humans for medical purposes. Issues of license requirement, dosage measurement, calibration of equipment, radiation safety officer, radiation safety committee, and written directives are discussed. Survey meter and measurement of exposure rate are described. Conditions of medical mobile service are spelled out. Medical events are defined and requirements for their reporting are elucidated. Also conditions for reporting the fetal dose are given.
Heterogeneity of Human Serum Antibody Responses to P. gingivalis in Periodontitis: Effects of Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex.

Aging humans display an increased prevalence and severity of periodontitis, although the mechanisms underlying these findings remain poorly understood. This report examined antigenic diversity of P. gingivalis related to disease presence and patient demographics. Serum IgG antibody to P. gingivalis strains ATCC33277, FDC381, W50 (ATCC53978), W83, A7A1-28 (ATCC53977) and A7436 was measured in 426 participants [periodontally healthy (n = 61), gingivitis (N = 66) or various levels of periodontitis (N = 299)]. We hypothesized that antigenic diversity in P. gingivalis could contribute to a lack of "immunity" in the chronic infections of periodontal disease. Across the strains, the antibody levels in the oldest age group were lower than in the youngest groups, and severe periodontitis patients did not show higher antibody with aging. While 80 % of the periodontitis patients in any age group showed an elevated response to at least one of the P. gingivalis strains, the patterns of individual responses in the older group were also substantially different than the other age groups. Significantly greater numbers of older patients showed strain-specific antibody profiles to only 1 strain. The findings support that P. gingivalis may demonstrate antigenic diversity/drift within patients and could be one factor to help explain the inefficiency/ineffectiveness of the adaptive immune response in managing the infection.
Multifactorial prediction of depression diagnosis and symptom dimensions.

Abstract While depression is a leading cause of disability, prior investigations of depression have been limited by studying correlates in isolation. A data-driven approach was applied to identify out-of-sample predictors of current depression from adults (N = 217) sampled on a continuum of no depression to clinical levels. The current study used elastic net regularized regression and predictors from sociodemographic, self-report, polygenic scores, resting electroencephalography, pupillometry, actigraphy, and cognitive tasks to classify individuals into currently depressed (MDE), psychiatric control (PC), and no current psychopathology (NP) groups, as well as predicting symptom severity and lifetime MDE. Cross-validated models explained 20.6% of the out-of-fold deviance for the classification of MDEs versus PC, 33.2% of the deviance for MDE versus NP, but -0.6% of the deviance between PC and NP. Additionally, predictors accounted for 25.7% of the out-of-fold variance in anhedonia severity, 65.7% of the variance in depression severity, and 12.9% of the deviance in lifetime depression (yes/no). Self-referent processing, anhedonia, and psychosocial functioning emerged as important differentiators of MDE and PC groups. Findings highlight the advantages of using psychiatric control groups to isolate factors specific to depression.
Data-Driven Attack Modeling Using Acoustic Side-Channel

Cyber-physical systems consist of a tight integration between computational, communication, and physical components. Due to this, most of the information in the cyber-domain manifests in terms of physical actions (such as motion, temperature change, etc.). However, this interaction may make the system vulnerable to physical-to-cyber domain attacks. These attacks affect the confidentiality of the system by utilizing the physical actions, which are governed by energy flows. Some of these observable energy flows unintentionally leak information about the cyber-domain. These information leaking observable energy flows are known as the side-channels. Side-channels such as acoustic, thermal, and power allow attackers to acquire the information without actually leveraging the vulnerability of the algorithms implemented in the system. In this chapter, we will demonstrate how a data-driven approach can be utilized to model an attack using acoustic side-channel. As a case study, we take cyber-physical additive manufacturing systems (fused deposition modeling based 3D printer) to demonstrate how the acoustic side-channel can be used to breach the confidentiality of the system.
Sex Differences in Willingness to Participate in Research Based on Study Risk Level Among a Community Sample of African Americans in North Central Florida

This study examined the association between sex, study risks and willingness to participate in research among a community sample of African Americans. We hypothesized that African American males would be more willing to participate in studies involving both minimal and greater-than-minimal risk. The study sample was recruited through a community engagement program (HealthStreet). Interviewers obtained information on socio-demographic variables and willingness to participate in various research types. We categorized research types into minimal risk and greater- than- minimal risk based on the IRB classification. The study sample comprised 6544 African-Americans; 58.4% were females. About 92.6% of the participants were willing to participate in surveys and 58.1% in research requiring medication use. More males would participate in minimal risk studies requiring review of medical records (males 87.0% vs. females 84.2%, p = 0.0021) and studies involving giving a blood sample (males 84.2% vs. females 81.7%, p = 0.0083). Also, more males would participate in greater than minimal risk studies involving the use of medication (60.5% v. 56.3% p = 0.0007). More males were willing to participate in minimal risk studies (studies involving the review of medical records and giving blood samples) and greater-than-minimal risk study involving the use of medication.
69 – Homogeneous Equations

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses solutions of homogeneous equations. If P(x, y) and Q(x, y) are homogeneous functions of x and y of the same degree, then, by the change of variable y = vx, the differential equation y' = P(x,y)/Q(x,y) can be made separable. A function H(x, y) is called homogeneous of degree n if H (tx, ty) = tn H(x,y). In particular, a polynomial, P(x,y), of two variables is said to be homogeneous of degree n if every term of P(x, y) is of the form xjyn−j for j = 0, 1,…, n. A homogeneous function of degree n can be written as H (x,y) = xn H(l, y/x).
The yin and yang of outside-in thinking

Abstract An outside-in approach to making a marketing strategy starts with the leadership team stepping outside the boundaries and constraints of the organization as it is, and looking first to the market for guidance: How and why are the needs and behaviors of current and prospective customers changing? What can we do to solve their problems and help them succeed? What new competitors are poised to meet these needs? What moves by others in the ecosystem could help or hurt us? Conversely, inside-out approaches start with the existing resources and capabilities of the organization and ask how they can best be applied and leveraged. Superior strategies emerge when these two approaches are integrated in an iterative, learning process.
COMPOUND MATRICES IN NETWORK THEORY

This chapter describes the compound matrices in network theory. An outstanding problem in electric network theory is the realization of multiport networks containing only resistors, self-inductors, and capacitors from their admittance or impedance matrices. The algebraic relationship between the admittance and impedance matrices y and z of any multiport network and the matrices of two parent networks, have been described by Cederbaum. This relation may be expressed in the form y or z = [principal submatrix of M –1 ] –1 , where M is an admittance or impedance matrix of an associated parent network. This relationship is common to many physical situations. The compound expressions obtained are closely allied to the Gaussian method of elimination by pivotal condensation. The k th compound matrix M ( k ) of the n × n matrix M , (1 ≤ k ≤ n ), has as its elements all the k th order minors of M ; all the minors that come from the same group of k rows or columns of M are placed in the same row or column of M ( k ) and are arranged in lexical order.
The pervasive threat of lead (Pb) in drinking water: Unmasking and pursuing scientific factors that govern lead release.

The Flint water crisis raised questions about the factors resulting in unacceptable soluble lead concentrations in the city’s drinking water. Although water treatment strategies, failure to follow regulations, and unethical behavior were all factors, knowledge deficits at the intersection of several scientific fields also contributed to the crisis. Pursuit of opportunities to address unresolved scientific questions can help avert future lead poisoning disasters. Such advances will enable scientifically based, data-driven risk assessments that inform decisions involving drinking water systems. In this way, managers and decision makers can anticipate, monitor, and prevent future lead in water crises.
Plasma-Based Power Limitation for Highly Linear MEMS Switch Protection and Isolation Enhancement

A novel hybrid approach integrating a MEMS switch with a gas discharge tube plasma cell to enhance switch survivability and isolation, especially at high incident power levels, is demonstrated. The theory of operation is discussed including consideration of the underlying plasma phenomena as well as the practical integration details. Measurement of a fabricated prototype is presented. Discussion of measurement challenges and potential solutions is accompanied by detailed explanations of measurement practice. Measurements provide insights into applied RF plasmas not present in the body of literature. Wideband enhancement of isolation by more than 10 dB at 50 W incident power is observed in a quasi-absorptive mode with increasing isolation over power. No penalty to the excellent linearity of MEMS switches is detected with a measured IIP3 of 75.3 dBm. Advantages in linearity as compared to semiconductor-based power limiting solutions are shown and demonstrate state-of-the-art performance. An incremental insertion loss of less than 0.2 dB with a return loss better than 12.5 dB is reported. Measurement of the effects on MEMS switch timing parameters as well as time domain characterization of the plasma breakdown is included.
Plasma and Urine Metabolite Profiles Impacted by Increased Dietary Navy Bean Intake in Colorectal Cancer Survivors: A Randomized-Controlled Trial

Navy beans contain bioactive phytochemicals with colon cancer prevention properties as demonstrated in carcinogen-induced animal models. Human studies support that dietary navy bean intake modulates metabolism by the gut microbiome. This study investigated the effect of navy bean ingestion on plasma and urine metabolite profiles of overweight and obese colorectal cancer survivors. Twenty participants completed a single-blinded, randomized-controlled dietary intervention with precooked navy beans (35 g bean powder/day) or control (0 g/day) for 4 weeks. Plasma and urine were collected at baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks following consumption. Nontargeted metabolomics was applied to study meals and snacks, navy beans, plasma, and urine. Increased navy bean consumption was hypothesized to (i) delineate dietary biomarkers and (ii) promote metabolic shifts relevant for cancer protection in the plasma and urine metabolome. At 4 weeks, 16 plasma and 16 urine metabolites were significantly different in the navy bean intervention group compared with placebo control (P < 0.05). Increased plasma 2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutyrate (1.34-fold), S-methylcysteine (1.92-fold), and pipecolate (3.89-fold), and urine S-adenosylhomocysteine (2.09-fold) and cysteine (1.60-fold) represent metabolites with cancer-protective actions following navy bean consumption. Diet-derived metabolites were detected in plasma or urine and confirmed for presence in the navy bean intervention meals and snacks. These included 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, betaine, pipecolate, S-methylcysteine, choline, eicosapentaenoate (20:5n3), benzoate, S-adenosylhomocysteine, N-delta-acetylornithine, cysteine, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate, gentisate, hippurate, 4-hydroxyhippurate, and salicylate. The navy bean dietary intervention for 4 weeks showed changes to pathways of metabolic importance to colorectal cancer prevention and merit continued attention for dietary modulation in future high-risk cohort investigations. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: This clinical study suggests that increased consumption of navy beans would deliver bioactive metabolites to individuals at high risk for colorectal cancer recurrence and produce metabolic shifts in plasma and urine profiles.
Modeling and Identification of an Unmanned Surface Vehicle Based on Sea Trials Data

This paper describes a simplified method to modeling and parameters identification of an Unmanned surface vehicle USV. The USV is propelled by two thrusters allowing both control of speed and heading. The outputs of the studied system are variables that characterize the kinematics and the motion of the USV such as the speed, the heading, and the position in the horizontal plan. First a nonlinear model with three degrees of freedom is designed, then the parameters are calculated based on sea trials data. Finally the model is validated by simulation in order to perform some control methods in a future work.
Input-specific modulation of murine nucleus accumbens differentially regulates hedonic feeding

Hedonic feeding is driven by the “pleasure” derived from consuming palatable food and occurs in the absence of metabolic need. It plays a critical role in the excessive feeding that underlies obesity. Compared to other pathological motivated behaviors, little is known about the neural circuit mechanisms mediating excessive hedonic feeding. Here, we show that modulation of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and anterior paraventricular thalamus (aPVT) excitatory inputs to the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a key node of reward circuitry, has opposing effects on high fat intake in mice. Prolonged high fat intake leads to input- and cell type-specific changes in synaptic strength. Modifying synaptic strength via plasticity protocols, either in an input-specific optogenetic or non-specific electrical manner, causes sustained changes in high fat intake. These results demonstrate that input-specific NAc circuit adaptations occur with repeated exposure to a potent natural reward and suggest that neuromodulatory interventions may be therapeutically useful for individuals with pathologic hedonic feeding. Hedonic feeding occurs in the absence of metabolic need and plays a critical role in the excessive feeding that underlies obesity. The authors show that optogenetic manipulation of NAc inputs from the prefrontal cortex versus inputs from the anterior paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus has opposite effects on high fat intake.
Tri-clustering dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) identifies significant schizophrenia effects across multiple states in distinct subgroups of individuals

Background: Brain imaging data collected from individuals are highly complex with unique variation; however, such variation is typically ignored in approaches that focus on group averages or even s...
Adaptive Optimization of Infrastructure Maintenance and Inspection Decisions under Performance Model Uncertainty

We present an adaptive optimization model to find joint inspection and maintenance policies for infrastructure facilities under performance model uncertainty. The objective in the formulation is to minimize the total expected social cost of managing facilities over a finite planning horizon. Recent optimization models account for the uncertainty in the selection of facility performance models through an adaptive control approach. In this paper, we relax the assumptions of fixed and error-free inspections. We present a parametric study to analyze the effect of initial performance model uncertainty and bias on the expected total cost of managing a facility. The main observation is that reducing the initial variance in model uncertainty may be more important than reducing the initial bias. Our study also shows that cost savings can result from relaxing the constraint of a fixed inspection schedule.
New Perspectives on Aflatoxin Biosynthesis

Publisher Summary Aflatoxins are a family of toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain strains of the common molds Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. The general biosynthetic pathway of aflatoxin appears to be as follows: acetate/malonate norsolorinic acid → averantin → averufin → versiconal hemiacetal acetate → versicolorin A → sterigmatocystin → aflatoxins. Within the context of this general pathway, some mechanistic details concerning formation and subsequent conversion of these individual metabolites have been provided by NMR studies-in particular, 13C-NMR. The chapter focuses on the studies that have provided information concerning bonds broken and formed during the biosynthetic process. The preliminary data on toxicity and mutagenicity indicate that the evolution of the aflatoxin pathway may be a response to selective pressures from mycophagous species in nature. Because of the abundant biosynthetic data and the availability of blocked mutants, this system may be uniquely suited among micrcbial secondary pathways for testing this ecological hypothesis.
Psychology and the human dilemma

Whether reflecting on war, psychology, or the ideas of existentialist thinkers such as Sartre and Kierkegaard, Dr. May everywhere enlarges our outlook on how people can develop creatively within the human predicament.
The Tolman Surface Brightness Test for the Reality of the Expansion. III. Hubble Space Telescope Profile and Surface Brightness Data for Early-Type Galaxies in Three High-Redshift Clusters

Photometric data for 34 early-type galaxies in the three high-redshift clusters Cl 1324+3011 (z = 0.76), Cl 1604+4304 (z = 0.90), and Cl 1604+4321 (z = 0.92), observed with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and with the Keck 10 m telescopes by Oke, Postman, & Lubin, are analyzed to obtain the photometric parameters of mean surface brightness, magnitudes for the growth curves, and angular radii at various Petrosian η radii. The angular radii at η = 1.3 mag for the program galaxies are all larger than 024. All the galaxies are well resolved at this angular size using HST, whose point-spread function is 005, half-width at half-maximum. The data for each of the program galaxies are listed at η = 1.0, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, and 2.0 mag. They are corrected by color equations and K-terms for the effects of redshift to the rest-frame Cape/Cousins I for Cl 1324+3011 and Cl 1604+4304 and R for Cl 1604+4321. The K-corrections are calculated from synthetic spectral energy distributions derived from evolving stellar population models of Bruzual & Charlot, that have been fitted to the observed broadband (BVRI) AB magnitudes of each program galaxy. The listed photometric data are independent of all cosmological parameters. They are the source data for the Tolman surface brightness test made in Paper IV.
Political Liberalism and the Characterization of the Moral Virtues

The Virtue ethical approach to morality is generally thought to be in tension with liberalism in politics. Their incompatibility seems to be straightforward when considering political liberalism. This is because the virtue ethical approach to morality seems to be committed to a perfectionist view of society, whereas political liberalism resists this conceptualization. But this is not the only source of trouble between virtue ethics and political liberalism. A more basic problem seems to be that, in a liberal society, there are many incompatible though reasonable comprehensive doctrines. This fact of reasonable pluralism seems to imply that the very idea of characterizing the moral virtues constitutes an impossible task in a liberal society. This conclusion is too quick, however. A non-eudaimonist, consequentialist conception of virtue can find a place within political liberalism, though this account of moral virtue must be qualified in important ways.
Graft loss due to recurrent disease in pediatric kidney transplant recipients on a rapid prednisone discontinuation protocol

Chavers BM, Rheault MN, Gillingham KJ, Matas AJ. Graft loss due to recurrent disease in pediatric kidney transplant recipients on a rapid prednisone discontinuation protocol. Abstract: Recurrent disease is the fourth most common cause of graft loss (GL) in pediatric KTx recipients. We studied the incidence of recurrent disease and GL due to recurrent disease in pediatric KTx recipients on a RDP protocol. Between 2002 and 2010, we performed 74 KTxs in patients aged 5–18 yr using an RDP protocol, 25 (34%) were at risk of recurrence of primary disease. Outcomes were compared to 69 historical controls (18 [26%] at risk of recurrence), KTx between 1996 and 2000. Follow-up period was 39 ± 25 months in RDP and 124 ± 38 months in controls. The incidence of recurrent disease at three yr post-KTx was 16% in RDP and 28% in controls (p = NS). Mean time to recurrent disease was 22 ± 26 months in RDP and 46 ± 48 months in controls (p = 0.54). Nine (12%) grafts were lost in the RDP group (1-recurrence) and 32 (46%) in the control group (4-recurrence). Time to GL was 85 months in the RDP recipient and 46 ± 21 months in controls. An RDP protocol in pediatric KTx recipients may not be associated with increased risk of graft loss due to recurrent disease.
A Method for Determining the Reference Effective Flow Areas for Mechanical Heart Valve Prostheses In Vitro Validation Studies

Background—The anatomic opening area (AOA) is usually reported as the primary index of mechanical heart valve function. Because flow contracts immediately distal to an orifice as a result of the vena contracta effect, AOA may not be a good measure of true effective flow area. Methods and Results—Laser flow imaging was used to visualize the contraction in the jet flow stream as it passed through bileaflet mechanical valves under steady and pulsatile conditions. Such visualization allowed clear measurement of the individual vena contracta areas (VCAs) of the 3 valve orifices. VCAs for side orifices were larger (94±2% of AOA) than those through the central orifice (34±8%). Formation of large radial vortices around the leaflet tips constricted the central orifice flow stream and appeared to be the main reason for smaller central VCA. Total VCA remained constant until ≈0.5 orifice diameters (≈1.0 cm) downstream, beyond which cross-sectional area increased as a result of entrainment of receiving chamber flow. T...
Isospin-forbidden alpha decay of the 15.11-MeV state in 12 C

The branching ratio $\frac{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\mathrm{total}}}$ has been measured for the 15.11-MeV ${1}^{+}$ $T=1$ state in $^{12}\mathrm{C}$. The result is $\frac{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\mathrm{total}}}=(4.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9)$%, in agreement with one previous measurement and in disagreement with another. The result was obtained by direct observation of the decay $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles from the reaction $^{13}\mathrm{C}(^{3}\mathrm{He},\ensuremath{\alpha})^{12}\mathrm{C}^{*}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3\ensuremath{\alpha}$. The data are consistent with a sequential decay via the first excited state of $^{8}\mathrm{Be}$. The $3\ensuremath{\alpha}$ breakup of the ${1}^{+}$ $T=0$ state at ${E}_{x}=12.71$ MeV was also studied. The data in both cases were fitted with a model in which the $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ final state interaction was treated as a simple Breit-Wigner resonance; order-of-emission interference effects were included. If the (isospin-forbidden) $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ width is interpreted as resulting from mixing between the two ${1}^{+}$ states via a charge-dependent interaction, a large isospin-violating matrix element is involved.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{13}\mathrm{C}(^{3}\mathrm{He},\ensuremath{\alpha})^{12}\mathrm{C}^{*}({\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1})^{8}\mathrm{Be}^{*}({\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}){\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{3}$, $E=15$ MeV, $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ coincidence, deduced $\frac{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\mathrm{total}}}$ for 15.11-MeV level of $^{12}\mathrm{C}$.
JOSEPHSON (001) TILT GRAIN BOUNDARY JUNCTIONS OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS

We calculate the Josephson critical current Ic across in-plane (001) tilt grain boundary junctions of high-temperature superconductors. We assume the Fermi surface has either an electron-doped form, or one of three hole-doped forms, and either random or specular tunneling across the junctions. We find that in-plane 'phase-sensitive' experiments are consistent with our results for the electron-doped superconductors. For the hole-doped superconductors, however, the results depend strongly upon the details of both the Fermi surface topology and the nature of the tunneling, and are therefore considerably less robust than has generally been believed. Hence, the tricrystal, tetracrystal, and interferometry experiments on hole-doped high-temperatures superconductors are unreliable, and should be redesigned.
Molecular simulations of self-assembly processes of amphiphiles in dilute solutions: the challenge for quantitative modelling

We report on two recent developments in molecular simulations of self-assembly processes of amphiphilic solutions. We focus on the determination of micelle formation of ionic surfactants which exhibit the archetype of self-assembling compounds in solution. The first approach is centred on the challenge in predicting micellisation properties through explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations. Even with a coarse-grained (CG) approach and the use of highly optimised software packages run on graphics processing unit hardware, it remains in many cases computationally infeasible to directly extract the critical micelle concentration (cmc). However, combined with a recently presented theoretical mean-field model this task becomes resolved. An alternative approach to study self-assembly is through implicit solvent modelling of the surfactants. Here we review some latest results and present new ones regarding capabilities of such a modelling approach in determining the cmc, and the aggregate structures in the...
Defining and Reporting Erectile Function Outcomes After Radical Prostatectomy: Challenges and Misconceptions

Purpose: The contemporary literature pertaining to erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy was evaluated. The limitations of this literature are discussed and recommendations are made for the reporting of erectile function outcomes after radical prostatectomy.Materials and Methods: A MEDLINE® literature search was conducted in February 2008 to review English language articles published on this subject from 2000 onward. The key elements in defining and reporting erectile function outcomes after radical prostatectomy that were explored included 1) study population factors, 2) population demographics, 3) means of data acquisition, 4) variability in questionnaire use, 5) temporal considerations, 6) baseline erectile function status, 7) defining adequate erectile function, and the concepts of 8) quality and 9) consistency of erection.Results: The incidence of reported erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy is extremely discrepant. The rates of erectile dysfunction appear to be higher in mult...
Distribution of striatonigral and striatopallidal peptidergic neurons in both patch and matrix compartments: an in situ hybridization histochemistry and fluorescent retrograde tracing study

In situ hybridization histochemistry using cDNA oligonucleotide probes for the neuropeptides dynorphin, enkephalin and substance P was used to map the distribution of peptidergic neurons in the striatal patch and matrix compartments in the rat. Striatal neurons containing message for each of these peptides were distributed in both striatal compartments in the following proportions: dynorphin, in 52% of patch neurons and 45% of matrix neurons; enkephalin, in 65% of patch neurons and 58% of matrix neurons and substance P, in 61% of patch neurons of 54% matrix neurons. Fluorescent retrograde axonal tracing combined with in situ hybridization histochemistry demonstrated that the majority of neurons expressing enkephalin project to the globus pallidus and few project to the substantia nigra, whereas the reverse obtains for neurons expressing dynorphin and substance P.
Serum levels of digoxin in infants and children

Serum digoxin levels during maintenance therapy in children of three different age-weight groups were determined by radioimmunoassay. During the postabsorptive interval (1 to 2 hours after an oral dose), infants in the 5 to 9 Kg. group were found to have significantly higher serum digoxin levels than children in the 9 to 18 Kg. group, who in turn had higher levels than older children. Serum levels were comparable for all groups during equilibrium (5 to 9 hours after an oral dose). Since digoxin is primarily eliminated unchanged in the urine, our data suggest that infants and young children may have relatively more rapid rates of excretion than do older children and adults.
Rainbow Trout — Challenges and Solutions

The U.S. trout industry is a mature, stable industry. Production of market-size rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, averaged 25,000 metric tons per year between 1988 and 1999, with a range from 23,600 to 27,300 metric tons per year. Trout growers reported total sales in 1999 of $76.9 million, compared with an average value of $71.7 million ex-farm between 1988 and 1999. Total sales include food fish, fish for stocking, fingerlings, and eggs. Market-size fish (>30 cm and 340 g) comprised 84% of total sales in 1999. The challenge for the trout industry is to at least maintain current production and possibly expand. Where can this growth come from? Additional growth can result from value-added products and increased productivity of existing operations. This paper will discuss the challenges faced by the trout industry, specifically, the market-size sector as it looks to expand, and suggest possible solutions that address these challenges. Freshwater availability and environmental constraints, including efflu...
He who does not learn history is doomed to repeat it

Although Information Technology (IT) seems to be changing at a shocking rate, common themes can be observed. These themes have been repeated throughout history. IT students should have a solid foundation of these historic trends and ongoing evolutionary progress before beginning the bulk of their studies in the field of computing. The course, IT Revolutions Past and Present, at the United States Naval Academy is required of IT students and sets the context for their coursework. Students explore the impact of both successes and failures in the field and analyze the value that IT professionals bring to commercial and government organizations.
A longitudinal analysis of maternal abuse potential and developmental delays in children of adolescent mothers.

Abstract Objective: This project was designed to examine the impact of adolescent mothers’ abuse potential on the development of preschool children. The specific aims were to demonstrate relationships between maternal abuse potential and developmental problems in preschool children, to examine these relationships across time, and to determine whether maternal abuse potential predicted developmental delays after controlling for problematic parenting orientations. Method: Using a longitudinal design, we examined 146 first time mothers and their children. Maternal abuse potential was assessed when children were 1, 3, and 5 years old; problematic parenting orientation was assessed when the children were 6 months old; and child development (i.e., IQ, adaptive behavior, and behavior problems) was assessed at ages 3 and 5. Results: Regression analyses revealed significant relationships between maternal abuse potential and a variety of developmental problems. Path analyses revealed unidirectional relationships between abuse potential predicting IQ and adaptive behaviors. Further analyses indicated that maternal abuse potential at 1 and 3 years predicted intelligence and adaptive behavior at ages 3 and 5, even when problematic parenting orientation was controlled. In contrast, children’s behavioral problems at ages 3 and 5 was better accounted for by problematic parenting orientation than by abuse potential. Conclusions: The results of this study revealed that developmental delays in children of adolescent are related to abuse potential. Two pathways were found for predicting developmental delays: One pathway linked child abuse potential with IQ and adaptive functioning; the other pathway showed that problematic parenting orientation accounted for the development of emotional and behavioral problems.
Parametric differentiation and integration

Parametric differentiation and integration under the integral sign constitutes a powerful technique for calculating integrals. However, this topic is generally not included in the undergraduate mathematics curriculum. In this note, we give a comprehensive review of this approach, and show how it can be systematically used to evaluate most of the famous improper integrals in analysis. Students in mathematics and science would benefit from an exposure to this wonderful method.
Lysophosphatidic acid-stimulated phosphorylation of PKD2 is mediated by PI3K p110β and PKCδ in myoblasts.

AbstractContext: G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling in skeletal muscle is incompletely understood; in particular, the signaling pathways that regulate GPCR-mediated signaling in skeletal muscle are only beginning to be established. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a GPCR agonist that has previously been shown to activate protein kinase D (PKD) in non-muscle cells; however, whether PKD is activated in response to LPA in skeletal muscle myoblasts, and the identities of signaling intermediates that regulate this activation, have not been defined. Objective: To determine whether PKD is activated in response to LPA administration in myoblasts, and to define the signaling pathways that mediate LPA-stimulated PKD phosphorylation. Methods: C2C12 myoblasts were treated with LPA and signaling pathways examined by means of Western immunoblotting and real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Pharmacological inhibition and RNA-interference were used to target specific molecules to determine their involvement in LPA-induced PKD p...
A voluntary brain-drain tax

Abstract A major roadblock to the implementation of Bhagwati's proposal to allow developing countries to tax skilled emigrants residing in developed countries (the “brain drain”) is the administrative problems associated with collecting this tax in the absence of developed-country cooperation. This paper provides a partial solution to these problems, involving the tax treatment of emigrants who return to their countries of origin. The tax system is structured so that returning emigrants who previously paid the brain-drain tax face lower tax payments than those who evaded the brain-drain tax. Given the expected value of this tax benefit, emigrants are willing to pay the brain-drain tax. In the basic model, a source country's optimal tax system includes this brain-drain tax and does not distort migration decisions.