cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On temporal planning as CSP

Recent advances in constraint satisfaction and heuristic search have made it possible to solve classical planning problems significantly faster. There is an increasing amount of work on extending these advances to solving more expressive planning problems which contain metric time, quantifiers and resource quantities. One can broadly classify classical planners into two categories: (i) planners doing refinement search and (ii) planners iteratively processing a representation of finite size like a SAT encoding or planning graph or a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP). One key challenge in the development of planners casting planning as SAT or CSP is the identification of constraints which are satisfied if and only if there is a plan of k steps. This task is even more complex for planners handling metric time and/or resource quantities and/or quantifiers. In this paper we show how such a SAT encoding can be synthesized for temporal planning. This encoding contains twenty kinds of constraints. We show how this encoding can be simplified. The set of constraints we identify makes it easier to develop temporal planners casting planning as a constraint satisfaction problem other than SAT, like integer linear programming (ILP). The SAT encoding can be easily adapted to more complex cases of temporal planning such as that in which different preconditions and effects of an action may be true at different times during its execution. We also discuss two additional SAT encodings of temporal planning. The encoding schemes make it easier to exploit progress in SAT and CSP solving to solve temporal planning problems.
Managing patient dose in interventional cardiology.

This paper introduces a methodology for managing the radiation delivered to individual patients, incidental to their fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures. Because rare, but devastating skin injuries have occurred, radiation should be monitored and managed as well as drugs or radiographic contrast media. Dose metrics such as the total dose delivered to a reference point (reference point dose) should be used for this purpose. Fluoroscopy time is a poor independent predictor of skin dose in an individual patient. The concept of a “significant dose” is introduced. This is a predetermined action level of the selected dose metric. The numerical value is set based on classes of patient and procedural factors. Exceeding this value triggers processes for clinical justification of radiation usage and patient follow-up. Slightly exceeding the significant dose threshold during a procedure should be highly unlikely to cause skin injury. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Reassessing culture media and critical metabolites that affect adenovirus production

Adenovirus production is currently operated at low cell density because infection at high cell densities still results in reduced cell-specific productivity. To better understand nutrient limitation and inhibitory metabolites causing the reduction of specific yields at high cell densities, adenovirus production in HEK 293 cultures using NSFM 13 and CD 293 media were evaluated. For cultures using NSFM 13 medium, the cell-specific productivity decreased from 3,400 to 150 vp/cell (or 96% reduction) when the cell density at infection was increased from 1 to 3 × 106 cells/mL. In comparison, only 50% of reduction in the cell-specific productivity was observed under the same conditions for cultures using CD 293 medium. The effect of medium osmolality was found critical on viral production. Media were adjusted to an optimal osmolality of 290 mOsm/kg to facilitate comparison. Amino acids were not critical limiting factors. Potential limiting nutrients including vitamins, energy metabolites, bases and nucleotides, or inhibitory metabolites (lactate and ammonia) were supplemented to infected cultures to further investigate their effect on the adenovirus production. Accumulation of lactate and ammonia in a culture infected at 3 × 106 cells/mL contributed to about 20% reduction of the adenovirus production yield, whereas nutrient limitation appeared primarily responsible for the decline in the viral production when NSFM 13 medium was used. Overall, the results indicate that multiple factors contribute to limiting the specific production yield at cell densities beyond 1 × 106 cells/mL and underline the need to further investigate and develop media for better adenoviral vector productions. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Scale‐up of a continuous‐jet hydrate reactor for CO2 ocean sequestration

In previous work in our laboratories and in the ocean, we have investigated the formation and dissociation of composite CO2 particles made of CO2 hydrate, liquid CO2, and water. The composite is formed by partially converting liquid CO2 into hydrate at mid-ocean depth (1000–1200 m) conditions. Partial conversion of CO2 into hydrate enables injection of CO2 in seawater in the form of a dense composite material that will drive CO2 to ocean depths well below the injection point. Thermodynamic conditions allowing the formation of negatively buoyant composite particles have been established for a laboratory-scale, continuous-jet hydrate reactor (CJHR). An investigation has been performed to explore the issues related to the scale-up of the CJHR. Hydrate was formed using two CJHR geometries; the first sprayed water in CO2, and the second sprayed CO2 in water. Using a plot of Ohnesorge vs. Reynolds numbers allowed flow rates to be selected that would yield a spray regime and maximize hydrate formation. The effect of varying pressure and liquid flow rates on hydrate behavior was observed. Depending on these parameters, hydrate particles were observed to sink, float, or be neutrally buoyant. A two-order-of-magnitude scale-up in the flow rates of the two fluids has been achieved with the larger CJHR geometries without losing the important characteristics of the hydrate particles (i.e., density and cohesiveness). Temperature changes as a result of hydrate formation were also monitored. A mathematical model has been developed to predict the fate of sinking CO2 hydrate particles after release in the seawater. These results can guide further field and laboratory investigations related to the scale-up of ocean CO2 sequestration. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is associated with hypophosphataemia: a case–control study

Objective. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is an iatrogenic fibrosing disorder that primarily affects individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) following exposure to gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). Derangements of calcium and phosphorus have been reported in patients with NSF. The aim of this study was to investigate potential factors in addition to GBCA exposure that may be involved in the pathogenesis of NSF. We hypothesized that patients with stage 5 CKD and NSF would manifest greater alterations in calcium, phosphorus and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels than those who do not have NSF. Methods. Levels of phosphorus, calcium, FGF23 and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D were measured in 10 patients with stage 5 CKD and biopsy-proven NSF and in 19 patients with stage 5 CKD without NSF. Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and the Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous variables. Results. Patients with NSF had significantly lower phosphorus levels compared with controls (P = 0.01). There were no significant differences between NSF patients and controls in calcium, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, intact parathyroid hormone or FGF23 levels. Conclusion. Differences in phosphorus metabolism may exist between patients with stage 5 CKD and NSF compared with patients with stage 5 CKD without NSF.
Method of constant stimuli: Recalculations show that response-frequency equalization cannot fit the data

The bias found in the method of constant stimuli has been attributed either to an adaptation-level effect or to a response bias. Restle and Levison presented data purported to show that the result could not be explained by response frequency equalization, the best available response-bias theory. Erlebacher and Sekuler elaborated their theory and calculated a version of the model that would fit the main experimental result, but chose an erroneously large value for the standard deviation of their model. Their model does not produce an acceptable fit to the data, and therefore does not successfully compete with the adaptation-level model.
Ceramics: Fracture Toughness Testing

This article reviews the common test methods used to measure fracture toughness, K Ic , of ceramics and glasses. The methods may also be used to measure slow crack growth rates for K – V curves. The methods may also be used to measure R-curves for materials that have increased fracture resistance as a crack interacts with a microstructure. The pros and cons of the methods are briefly discussed. Interlaboratory comparison studies (round robins) have facilitated the creation of a number of documentary standards from many of the methods. The world’s first standard reference material for K Ic is also available.
Resolution and Probabilistic Models of Components in CryoEM Maps of Mature P22 Bacteriophage.

CryoEM continues to produce density maps of larger and more complex assemblies with multiple protein components of mixed symmetries. Resolution is not always uniform throughout a cryoEM map, and it can be useful to estimate the resolution in specific molecular components of a large assembly. In this study, we present procedures to 1) estimate the resolution in subcomponents by gold-standard Fourier shell correlation (FSC); 2) validate modeling procedures, particularly at medium resolutions, which can include loop modeling and flexible fitting; and 3) build probabilistic models that combine high-accuracy priors (such as crystallographic structures) with medium-resolution cryoEM densities. As an example, we apply these methods to new cryoEM maps of the mature bacteriophage P22, reconstructed without imposing icosahedral symmetry. Resolution estimates based on gold-standard FSC show the highest resolution in the coat region (7.6 A), whereas other components are at slightly lower resolutions: portal (9.2 A), hub (8.5 A), tailspike (10.9 A), and needle (10.5 A). These differences are indicative of inherent structural heterogeneity and/or reconstruction accuracy in different subcomponents of the map. Probabilistic models for these subcomponents provide new insights, to our knowledge, and structural information when taking into account uncertainty given the limitations of the observed density.
Clifford Numbers and Möbius Transformations in Rn

Mobius transformations in any dimension can be expressed through 2x2 matrices with Clifford numbers as entries. This technique is relatively unknown in spite of having been introduced as early as 1902. The present paper should be viewed as a strong endorsement for the use of Clifford algebras in this particular context. In addition to an expository introduction to Clifford numbers it features a discussion of the fixed points and classification of Mobius transformations.
Pierre D'Ailly and the Absolute Power of God: Another Note on the Theology of Nominalism

During the last couple of years two articles have appeared in these pages, both concerned primarily with what one of them calls “the theology of nominalism.” This in itself is significant because it reflects a growing interest among theologians and ecclesiastical historians in the theological positions characteristic of those late medieval thinkers who belonged to the “nominalist” or “terminist” school. But more significant is the fact that the authors of the two articles should adopt diametrically opposed approaches to these positions, for it illustrates in a very concrete fashion the pioneer state in which the study of later medieval scholasticism still lingers. Much of the land on this particular frontier is not merely untenanted but even uncharted, and those brave or foolhardy enough to work in the area enjoy a freedom of movement bewildering to others whose business confines them to the more settled regions of earlier or later centuries. It is not so much that the wilderness is trackless as that one is still free to choose from among several possible routes each of which has its own potent inducements to offer to those who are anxious to grasp the lay of the land. There is still a great deal of debate about the respective worth of these various routes and nothing that can be said at present is likely to put an end to it.
Evaluation of Pulmonary and Mediastinal Masses

This article discusses the radiographic evaluation of pulmonary and mediastinal masses by the following modalities: plain radiography, fluoroscopy, conventional tomography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The author surveys digital and conventional angiographic techniques for assessing vascular masses within the thorax, and discusses the role of percutaneous needle biopsy of the thorax.
Nursing procedure in conveying of critical neonates in-hospital

Objective To explore how to deal with conveying of critical neonates in-hospital. Method Transfering 198 critical neonates in-hospital, the main nursing procedure included correct evaluation before conveying, preparation of patients and equipments, staff of transfering, coordination with received department and monitoring during conveying, etc. Results Among all the patients, no serious complication and death occurred during transfering. Conclusion The nursing procedure in conveying of critical neonates in-hospital possesses important value.
Serum Stability and Affinity Optimization of an M2 Macrophage-Targeting Peptide (M2pep)

Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major stromal component of the tumor microenvironment in several cancers. TAMs are a potential target for adjuvant cancer therapies due to their established roles in promoting proliferation of cancer cells, angiogenesis, and metastasis. We previously discovered an M2 macrophage-targeting peptide (M2pep) which was successfully used to target and deliver a pro-apoptotic KLA peptide to M2-like TAMs in a CT-26 colon carcinoma model. However, the effectiveness of in vivo TAM-targeting using M2pep is limited by its poor serum stability and low binding affinity. In this study, we synthesized M2pep derivatives with the goals of increasing serum stability and binding affinity. Serum stability evaluation of M2pepBiotin confirmed its rapid degradation attributed to exolytic cleavage from the N-terminus and endolytic cleavages at the W10/W11 and S16/K17 sites. N-terminal acetylation of M2pepBiotin protected the peptide against the exolytic degradation while W10w and K(17,18,19)k substitutions were able to effectively protect endolytic degradation at their respective cleavage sites. However, no tested amino acid changes at the W10 position resulted in both protease resistance at that site and retention of binding activity. Therefore, cyclization of M2pep was investigated. Cyclized M2pep better resisted serum degradation without compromising binding activity to M2 macrophages. During the serum stability optimization process, we also discovered that K9R and W10Y substitutions significantly enhanced binding affinity of M2pep. In an in vitro binding study of different M2pep analogs pre-incubated in mouse serum, cyclic M2pep with K9R and W10Y modifications (cyclic M2pep(RY)) retained the highest binding activity to M2 macrophages over time due to its improved serum stability. Finally, we evaluated the in vivo accumulation of sulfo-Cy5-labeled M2pep and cyclic M2pep(RY) in both the CT-26 and 4T1 breast carcinoma models. Cyclic M2pep(RY) outperformed M2pep in both tumor localization and selective accumulation in M2-like TAMs. In conclusion, we report cyclic M2pep(RY) as our lead M2pep analog with improved serum stability and M2 macrophage-binding activity. Its enhanced utility as an in vivo M2-like-TAM-targeting agent was demonstrated in two tumor models, and is expected to be applicable for other tumor models or in models of M2 macrophage-related diseases.
Freud’s theater of the unconscious

Let us begin our rereading process with a few of Freud’s “ten best books ever.” Two on this list are by Shakespeare. Freud, who read and spoke English fluently, had a lifelong passion for Shakespeare. He quotes more than twenty plays in his various works, often from memory, which over time produced a number of revealing slips. One could even assert that Shakespeare became Freud’s guide on the path of discovering a cultural unconscious. Freud felt that he was Shakespeare’s contemporary – at a certain distance from the classical theater of the Greeks and not fully attuned to the work of the Viennese avant-garde. Already at the age of seventeen, he could pun on a line from Twelfth Night I, 1, in a letter to Eduard Silberstein: “‘Frances is the key to the heart,’ you say, adapting Shakespeare, who said the same of music. ‘Young ladies are boring, ergo they are cure for boredom, poison being the best antidote’” (LSFES, p. 40). Here, “Frances” means the French language, and Silberstein and Freud outplay each other in the conceit that an excess of love will cure this disease by surfeit. Freud and Hamlet Then, in an important letter to his friend Fliess dated September 21, 1897, Freud suggested that he had wholly identified with Hamlet. This was the same letter in which he announced that he rejected his previous theory of neuroses; it was based on the idea that the perversion of the fathers – that is, their sexual seduction – would produce or precipitate the hysterical symptoms of the daughters. As we have seen, he had already changed his mind about this seduction theory during Dora’s treatment. In 1897, Freud realized that most of these accusations were fantasy-based delusions. Yet, in the context of his letter, accounting for his decision to take a new departure, he slightly misquoted Hamlet . Hamlet had said, “The readiness is all,” but Freud writes, “To be in readiness.” Freud was aware of having produced a “variation” on the hero’s famous words; a deeper identification is nevertheless obvious. Like Hamlet, Freud is full of doubts; the rosy picture of a future leading to “eternal fame” brought by scientific discoveries has faded away. Freud is like Hamlet in that he has to question the very root of desire and to find that desire is founded purely on “psychological” determinations.
Pragmatism and Engineering

Pragmatism and engineering have some significant similarities, both in the way the world is viewed and the way that beliefs are proven to be true. The two very different fields also consider practice to be more important than theory, and experience is critical in each of their approaches. It is difficult as an engineer to read pragmatist writings and not think of engineering, sometimes because engineers are mentioned directly and sometimes because a piece of writing will sound like engineering. The pragmatic movement is, in many ways, an approach to examining philosophical issues in a practical way. More importantly, pragmatists approach philosophy in a way that sounds like the way engineers approach science and technology.
Successful Placement of Penile Prostheses in Men With Severe Corporal Fibrosis Following Vacuum Therapy Protocol

Abstract Introduction Penile prosthesis (PP) implantation in men with severe corporal fibrosis presents a significant surgical challenge. For the past 7 years, we have used a novel, preoperative protocol of daily vacuum therapy (VT) using a vacuum erection device for at least 3 months before PP placement for men with severe corporal fibrosis from PP infection or ischemic priapism. Aim To evaluate this standardized preoperative regimen. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent three-piece PP placement at our institution from 2008 through 2015. Of these, 13 men had severe corporal fibrosis from prior PP infection (11 of 13) or prolonged ischemic priapism (2 of 13). Our protocol included VT for 10 to 15 minutes at least two times daily in all patients for at least 3 months (mean = 3.5 months). Main Outcome Measures We report on our surgical experience and post-VT stretched flaccid penile length (SFPL) compared with baseline SFPL. Results All 13 men underwent successful three-piece PP placement with standard-size cylinders without additional surgical maneuvers. There was one infection and one erosion requiring revision. Daily average use of VT was 32.5 minutes. SFPL increased 0.92 cm (range = 0–2 cm, SD = 0.76 cm) after VT and three-piece PP placement compared with preoperative SFPL. These men also noted improved quality of life and sexuality as measured by postoperative office interviews. Conclusion The use of VT before surgery appears to result in softening of corporal fibrosis and facilitates placement of a PP regardless of the period from developing corporal fibrosis to starting VT. We strongly recommend preoperative corporal tissue rehabilitation with VT to improve surgical outcomes and to decrease difficulty during PP implantation in men with severe corporal fibrosis.
The First Helper: Emotion

The first of three types of helpers is introduced. One of the main functions of emotion is to influence free will toward the choice to implement actions deemed by the nonconscious problem solver as important for survival. Various emotions are examined, and for each one, how it can come to fulfill various functions. Treatment starts with identifying the specific function of the emotion. If healing by extinction or reconsolidation is available, that is the preferred step. Beyond that, emotions working as EDPs are dealt with in treatment according to their specific action.
A Temporal Logic Inference Approach for Model Discrimination

We propose a method for discriminating among competing models for biological systems. Our approach is based on learning temporal logic formulas from data obtained by simulating the models. We apply this method to find dynamic features of epidermal growth factor induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation that are strictly unique to positive versus negative feedback models. We first search for a temporal logic formula from a training set that can eliminate ERK dynamics observed with both models and then identify the ERK dynamics that are unique to each model. The obtained formulas are tested with a validation sample set and the decision rates and classification rates are estimated using the Chernoff bound. The results can be used in guiding and optimizing the design of experiments for model discrimination.
Factors associated with life expectancy (LE) < 3 months (mo) among older adults receiving palliative chemotherapy (chemo).

9034 Background: Optimal treatment decision-making for older adults with advanced cancer requires a better understanding of risk factors associated with limited LE. Our objective was to evaluate the factors associated with LE 65 who were beginning a new chemo regimen. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of a multi-site cohort study of pts ≥65 years receiving chemo (Hurria et al, JCO 2011). This analysis included only pts receiving palliative chemo. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were utilized to identify factors associated with LE < 3 mo including: sociodemographics, labs [hemoglobin (Hb), albumin, liver function, creatinine clearance], and geriatric assessment (GA) variables (functional status, social support, comorbidity, psychological, cognitive, and nutritional status). Results: Among 290 pts (median age 72 [range 65-91], 52% female) with advanced cancer (gastrointestinal 28%, lung 31%, breast/gyn 22%, other 19%), 13.4% died within 3 mo o...
Association between pioglitazone (PZD) therapy and bladder cancer (BC): A meta-analysis of epidemiologic evidence.

4546 Background: There is evidence suggesting that PZD use may be a risk factor for BC, yet these reports are controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis is to review available data and evaluate t...
Transcontinental Crossings (S44.003)

OBJECTIVE and BACKGROUND: To review the neurological exchanges between the USA and France from the 19th century to the present. DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospective review of the literature and of historical documents RESULTS: At the end of the 18th century, in the aftermath of the French Revolution, the organization of medical education in France underwent radical innovations prefiguring the training system which is now almost universally accepted. As a result, Paris became the “Mecca” to which a large number of physicians from all over Europe and the Americas converged. It is said that over 1000 physicians came to Paris from the United States between 1815 and 1850. In later years, this movement was partially redirected to other countries, especially Germany and the UK, but thanks to the attraction and fame of luminaries like Claude Bernard and especially Jean-Martin Charcot and his school, many US neurologists came and trained in Paris. They include some of the founders of US neurology, particularly Alexander Hammond, Weir Mitchell and Edward Seguin. A striking example of frequent transatlantic crossings is provided by Edouard Brown-Sequard who is said to have crossed the Atlantic over 60 times. Other prominent “ocean crossers” include Johan Spurzheim, Charles Chaddock, Augusta Klumpke-Dejerine, Harvey Cushing and more recently George Guillain and Henry Hecaen. CONCLUSIONS : Currently, the American Academy of Neurology meetings attract many hundreds of neurologists from Europe. The European Academy of Neurology scheduled to have its first meeting in 2015 may well partially reverse this trend and provide a renewed attraction for non-Europeans, particularly American neurologists. Disclosure: Dr. Boller has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kaminski has nothing to disclose. Dr. Romano has nothing to disclose.
The meaning of group delay in barrier tunneling: A reexamination of superluminal group velocities

It is widely believed that photons tunnel through bandgaps with group velocities exceeding c. Here we examine the experimental evidence and show that the measured group delays are photon lifetimes as opposed to transit times.
Sudden cardiac arrest under spinal anesthesia in a mission hospital: a case report and review of the literature.

Sudden cardiac arrest following spinal anesthesia is relatively uncommon and a matter of grave concern for any anesthesiologist as well as clinicians in general. There have been, however, several reports of such cases in the literature. Careful patient selection, appropriate dosing of the local anesthetic, volume loading, close monitoring, and prompt intervention at the first sign of cardiovascular instability should improve outcomes. The rarity of occurrence and clinical curiosity of this entity suggest reporting of this unusual and possibly avoidable clinical event. We report the occurrence of unanticipated delayed cardiac arrest following spinal anesthesia in a 25-year-old Cameroonian man. Incidentally, the index patient was successfully resuscitated with timely and appropriate cardiopulmonary resuscitative measures. He went ahead to have emergency open appendectomy with good post-operative outcome and recovery. The management of such cardiac arrest under spinal anesthesia is very challenging in resource- limited settings such as ours. Anesthetists and clinicians need to be well informed of this grave complication. A good understanding of the physiologic changes caused by spinal anesthesia and its complications, adequate patient selection, respecting the contraindications of the procedure, adequate monitoring, and constant vigilance are of paramount importance to the eventual outcome.
Remote Sensing of Ocean Color

The oceans cover over 70% of the earth’s surface and the life inhabiting the oceans play an important role in shaping the earth’s climate. Phytoplankton, the microscopic organisms in the surface ocean, are responsible for half of the photosynthesis on the planet. These organisms at the base of the food web take up light and carbon dioxide and fix carbon into biological structures releasing oxygen. Estimating the amount of microscopic phytoplankton and their associated primary productivity over the vast expanses of the ocean is extremely challenging from ships. However, as phytoplankton take up light for photosynthesis, they change the color of the surface ocean from blue to green. Such shifts in ocean color can be measured from sensors placed high above the sea on satellites or aircraft and is called “ocean color remote sensing.” In open ocean waters, the ocean color is predominantly driven by the phytoplankton concentration and ocean color remote sensing has been used to estimate the amount of chlorophyll a, the primary light-absorbing pigment in all phytoplankton. For the last few decades, satellite data have been used to estimate large-scale patterns of chlorophyll and to model primary productivity across the global ocean from daily to interannual timescales. Such global estimates of chlorophyll and primary productivity have been integrated into climate models and illustrate the important feedbacks between ocean life and global climate processes. In coastal and estuarine systems, ocean color is significantly influenced by other light-absorbing and light-scattering components besides phytoplankton. New approaches have been developed to evaluate the ocean color in relationship to colored dissolved organic matter, suspended sediments, and even to characterize the bathymetry and composition of the seafloor in optically shallow waters. Ocean color measurements are increasingly being used for environmental monitoring of harmful algal blooms, critical coastal habitats (e.g., seagrasses, kelps), eutrophication processes, oil spills, and a variety of hazards in the coastal zone.
Mitochondrial Disorders Due to Mutations in the Mitochondrial Genome

Abstract Mitochondrial disorders are clinically and genetically diverse conditions caused by defects in the metabolic pathways in mitochondria. The pathogenesis of primary mitochondrial disorders is due to mutations in more than 350 genes, both nuclear and mitochondrial. It is often difficult to diagnose mitochondrial diseases because of their rarity; clinical, biochemical, and genetic heterogeneity; their phenotypic overlap with other disorders; and their lack of specific biomarkers. Although individual disorders are very rare, in toto, they are relatively frequent. These disorders are often progressive and cause high morbidity and mortality among both pediatric and adult populations. In this chapter, we highlight the clinical, biochemical, and genetic features of mitochondrial disorders due to mutations in mitochondrial DNA, and the existing diagnostic tools. Furthermore, we briefly describe the available animal models of mitochondrial disorders and the current and emerging therapies being developed in the laboratory and entering human clinical trials.
When does S aureus bacteremia require transesophageal echocardiography

TTE is a good starting point, but TEE is indicated in patients with a high pretest probability of endocarditis.
Active leisure: an investigation of active participants’ shopping, purchase and behavioural loyalty for physical activity apparel

ABSTRACTPhysical activity is increasingly occupying individuals’ leisure time. Due to this increased participation in physical activity, active apparel is today’s most rapidly growing apparel secto...
Celebrating the tenth anniversary of Advances in Optics and Photonics: editorial

Editor-in-Chief Govind Agrawal introduces a collection of guest editorials to celebrate the tenth anniversary of Advances in Optics and Photonics.
Recalling Persky: White Rage and Intimate Publicity After Brock Turner

By attending to the successful campaign to recall and unseat Judge Aaron Persky in retaliation for his sentencing decision in the sexual assault trial of Stanford University athlete Brock Turner, w...
Delayed intracranial hemorrhage in anticoagulated geriatric patients after ground level falls

Abstract Background The reported risk of delayed intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in a trauma patient on warfarin is estimated to be between 0.6% and 6%. The risk of delayed ICH in trauma patients taking novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) is not well-defined. Objective We hypothesized that there was a significant number of delayed presentations of ICH in patients on NOACs. Methods A retrospective review of our trauma registry was performed on geriatric patients (age older than 64 years) who were initially evaluated at our level I trauma center, had fall from standing height or less, and were anticoagulated (warfarin or NOACs), from April 2017 to March 2018. Results Seventy-seven patients met inclusion criteria. The mean age was 80 ± 7.7 years and 46% of patients were male. The admission head computed tomography scan was positive in 20.8% of patients. Positive scans were more common in patients on warfarin vs. NOACs (30% vs. 14%; p = 0.074) and had a significantly higher Injury Severity Score (median [interquartile range]: 9 [3–15] vs. 5 [1–9]; p = 0.030) and Abbreviated Injury Scale–Head score (median [interquartile range]: 1 [0–3] vs. 1 [0–2]; p = 0.035). The agreement between loss of consciousness (LOC) and ICH was 72% (κ = –0.064; p = 0.263). Fifty-one percent of patients had a repeat head CT. New ICH was diagnosed in 9.6% of patients. All of these patients were on NOACs. Conclusions A fall from standing or less in anticoagulated geriatric patients is a significant mechanism of injury resulting in ICH. The absence of LOC does not eliminate the possibility of ICH. There is a significant risk of delayed ICH for patients on NOACs and repeat evaluations should be performed. A prospective multicenter evaluation of this finding is warranted.
Chapter 12 – Abraham Maslow

The Humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow incurred appalling childhood religious experiences. It would not be until his adulthood years that he would develop an appreciation of religious practices. He would go on to write extensively that religion and science should not be separate practices, and that to treat them as such was to the shortfall of both. Maslow’s concept of self-actualization has gained little research in regard to religion. However, his concept of peak experiences has been the recipient of much psychological research under the guise of mysticism. Utilizing Hood’s Mysticism Scale in research has helped to clarify the distinction between religiosity and spirituality. The current research covered in this chapter promises a more enlightened view of religion and spirituality. Just as Maslow developed an appreciation of religion, as explicit in his writings, the science of religion and spirituality also appears to be moving to a more enlightened vantage.
Chapter 22 – The role of intrinsic defects in the protective behavior of organic coatings

Publisher Summary This chapter addresses the question of whether ions and water penetrate the coating via discrete channels or as a uniform diffusion front. It examines some of the new research tools that are being implemented to answer these questions. It focuses on the idea of whether water and ions move through contiguous organic coatings via intrinsic localized pathways. The chapter presents electrochemical methods for the local characterization of coatings. A variety of DC and AC methods have been developed in for the in situ examination of local electrochemical events. Some of these methods include: scanning reference electrode techniques, scanning vibrating probes, Kelvin probes, and electrochemical microscopy. There are topographic methods, such as atomic force microscopy, that can be used to investigate the surface morphology as opposed to electrochemical information. It discusses local electrochemical impedance map (LEIM) and local electrochemical impedance spectra (LEIS) for the local characterization of coatings.
Magnetic field dependent interactions in an ultracold Li–Yb(3P2) mixture

Magnetic Feshbach resonances have allowed great success in the production of ultracold diatomic molecules from bi-alkali mixtures, but have so far eluded observation in mixtures of alkali and alkaline-earth-like atoms. Inelastic collisional properties of ultracold atomic systems exhibit resonant behavior in the vicinity of such resonances, providing a detection signature. We study magnetic field dependent inelastic effects via atom loss spectroscopy in an ultracold heteronuclear mixture of alkali 6Li in the ground state and alkaline-earth-like 174Yb in an excited electronic metastable state (3P2, ). We observe a variation of the interspecies inelastic two-body rate coefficient by nearly one order of magnitude over a 100–520 G magnetic field range. By comparing to ab initio calculations we link our observations to interspecies Feshbach resonances arising from anisotropic interactions in this novel collisional system.
Alpha-cluster levels in O 15 as seen in the reaction N 14 ( p , α 0 ) C 11

Excitation functions and angular distributions of $^{14}\mathrm{N}(p,{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0})^{11}\mathrm{C}$ for bombarding energies of 9.0 through 12.0 MeV have been measured in steps of 50 keV from 10 through 160\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. Prominent structures are noted near excitations of 16.2, 17.2, and 17.8 MeV in $^{15}\mathrm{O}$ and are observed to be composed of many sub-structures. Legendre polynomial fits to the angular distributions have been made. Corresponding structures are noted in the $^{12}\mathrm{C}(^{3}\mathrm{He},{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0})^{11}\mathrm{C}$ reaction and comparisons are made with the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle core-excited threshold-state model which had been applied to $^{15}\mathrm{O}$.[NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{14}\mathrm{N}(p,{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0})$, $E=9.0\ensuremath{-}12.0$ MeV; $^{15}\mathrm{O}$ deduced resonances. $\ensuremath{\theta}=10\ensuremath{-}{160}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$, $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\theta}={10}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$, $\ensuremath{\Delta}E=50$ keV.]
Simulation training for embryo transfer: findings from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine Embryo Transfer Certificate Course.

Objective To assess the value of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine Embryo Transfer Certificate Course in confidence and skill building for performing a live embryo transfer (ET). Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Two-day simulation workshops of reproductive endocrine and infertility (REI) fellows from American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology–approved training programs, using four different uterine models (A–D). Patient(s) None. Intervention(s) Didactic and hands-on simulation training program. Main Outcome Measure(s) Primary outcomes included ET simulation scores of all exercises analyzed at various points of the training and self-assessed confidence before and after the completion of the Embryo Transfer Certificate Course based on a 6-point Likert scale and association of both with extent of prior live ET experience and year of fellowship. Result(s) Data were collected for 78 REI fellows who completed the Embryo Transfer Certificate Course and demonstrated significant improvements in both skill and confidence. The data for a subset of 58 fellows who performed five direct transfers on both Embryo Transfer Certificate Course uterine models A and B demonstrated significant overall improvement in ET simulation scores between the first and fifth direct transfers. A separate data subset of 57 fellows who performed five afterload transfers for each exercise on all four uterine models demonstrated differences in difficulty among them. Embryo transfer simulation using the uterine A model was consistently the easiest. The ET simulation scores for fellows using the uterine B and C models showed a progressive and significant increase across the five afterload ETs. When using the uterine D model, ET simulation scores increased significantly between the first and second transfers but remained at the same level for the remaining three transfers. Except for uterus A, a significant increase in ET simulation scores between the first and last transfers was observed for fellows overall in all afterload transfers and for those fellows with Conclusion(s) The American Society for Reproductive Medicine Embryo Transfer Certificate Course data analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of simulator-based ET training for REI fellows across the 3 years of training, regardless of prior experience with live ET.
Exclusive Breastfeeding Outcomes after Early Sublingual Frenotomy

Background: Ankyloglossia is considered one reason for breastfeeding difficulty and early breastfeeding cessation. Reported benefits of sublingual frenotomy include improved latch, reduced maternal nipple pain and maintained breastfeeding. Little is known about the benefits of frenotomy during the birth hospitalization and whether early sublingual frenotomy impacts the duration of breastfeeding. We aim to explore the relationship between early sublingual frenotomy and breastfeeding in the first six months of life. Methodology: This is a retrospective observational analysis on infants born at a public hospital who were admitted to the …
The Power of Schadenfreude: Predicting Behaviors and Perceptions of Trolling Among Reddit Users:

Trolling is an uncivil behavior that is increasingly prevalent in online social interactions. This study sought to understand trolling by examining the psychological predictors that motivate trolli...
Survey of Early Adopters of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy with Lu-177-dotatate in the USA

1441 Introduction: On January 26, 2019, the U.S. FDA approved Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) with Lu-177-dotatate for the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). This survey was conducted on previously validated sample to determine the early adoption of PRRT in the U.S.A. as of April-May, 2019. Method: Previously validated database of 365 U.S. practicing nuclear medicine specialists was surveyed. Two questions were asked: 1) Are you currently treating patients with Lu-177-dotatate? 2) If you are not, are you planning to start in the next 6 months? Those responding negative to the latter question were followed with a more detailed inquiry into reasons and long-term plans. Results: There were 99 respondents (27%), representing 80 separate practice sites. These site(s) were located in the following states: AL (1), AZ (1), CA (6), CO (1), CT (1), DC (1), FL (5), GA (1), Hawaii (1), IA (2), IL (2), IN (2), KY (1), LA (1), MA (5), MD (4), MI (2), MN (1), MO (1), NC (3), NJ (1), NM (2), NY (5), OH (3), OR (1), PA (5), PR (3), RI (1), SC (1), SD (1), TN (3), TX (9), UT (1), WA (1), and WV (1). Academic facilities with residency programs constituted 65/80 respondent sites (81%). Overall, 46 (58%) of sites were using PRRT. Of the 34 who were not, 15 were planning to start in the next 6 months. However, 19 (24% of all) sites, predominantly (11/19 [58%]) community practices made no plans to introduce PRRT into their practice in the next 6 months. Conclusion: The academic facilities are early adopters of PRRT while community sites are more likely to delay it significantly. The economics and cumbersome logistics of PRRT, as well as the rarity of NETs, are the likely considerations in this decision making. Because community practices are the most accessible to patients in the USA, a wider survey of patient access to PRRT in the USA is warranted.
Increase Engaged Student Learning Using Google Docs as a Discussion Platform

Online discussion board activities have traditionally been a primary method of providing student-to-student interaction, especially in asynchronous online classes. This study examines the impact of an alternate online discussion tool on student participation in online discussion assignments. Three identical discussion assignments were examined over the course of two semesters. The first semester utilized the traditional Learning Management System (LMS) threaded discussion board. The second semester incorporated Google Docs as the discussion platform. Overall, students using Google Docs made 68 percent more posts per student than students using the traditional LMS discussion board. Students using Google Docs also demonstrated more engagement by sharing professional experiences and teaching strategies more often than those students using the traditional LMS discussion board. While the data are encouraging, limitations of this study encourage additional research in the areas of discussion platform, discussion group size, and group assignment methods.
The Syringe External Fixator: Short- and Medium-Term Functional Outcomes From This Inexpensive and Customizable Treatment for Comminuted Intra-Articular Fractures of the Hand.

Purpose Comminuted intra-articular fractures and fracture dislocations of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and interphalangeal joints are challenging. Dynamic external fixation, permitting early joint motion while still minimizing forces across the healing joint, can result in acceptable postoperative active range of motion (AROM). However, some fractures are not initially stable enough for early dynamic motion; further, many available dynamic external fixation systems are costly and cumbersome. We reviewed our experience using an external fixator made from a 1-mL syringe and K-wires and report outcomes using it as a static fixator, dynamic fixator, or configured as a static fixator and then converted to a dynamic fixator in the clinic. Methods Patients with intra-articular fractures and fracture dislocations of the MCP and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints treated between 2014 and 2020 using syringe external fixators were retrospectively reviewed. We reviewed demographics, mechanisms, treatment types and durations, and postoperative AROM, as well as complications including infection, pin loosening, nonunion, hardware failure, and need for further surgery. Patients were analyzed by the level of joint injury (MCP versus PIP) and by treatment pattern. Results After excluding 23 patients with 25 joint injuries who were lost to follow-up or had inadequate outcome data, 27 patients with 29 joint injuries were reviewed. The average follow-up was 171 days after surgery. The postoperative AROM at the MCP level averaged 55° for static fixation and 30° for static-to-dynamic fixation. The postoperative AROM at the PIP level averaged 64° for static fixation, 66° for static-to-dynamic fixation, and 80° for dynamic fixation. Three pin site infections and 2 loose pins were reported. Conclusions The syringe external fixator is an inexpensive, effective, and customizable treatment for intra-articular MCP and interphalangeal fractures and fracture dislocations, and results in acceptable postoperative AROM outcomes and complication rates. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Navigating pre-Tenure and COVID-19: A Testimonio of a BIPOC Junior Faculty Mother

The challenges BIPOC junior faculty face when preparing for tenure is not a new phenomenon, however doing so during a global pandemic magnifies these issues and requires us to consider the significant impact this has on earning tenure and promotion. Extent literature on pre-tenure BIPOC women faculty highlight their experiences of isolation and added pressures to perform. Women faculty with children encounter additional challenges as they may feel isolated, guilty about their productivity, and added pressure to prove themselves in the academy. Considering these factors influencing tenure, this testimonio provides a brief account of my experiences as a pre-tenure BIPOC junior faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic. I discuss the time constraints and expectations to maintain productivity, while managing my new full-time role as primary caregiver to my daughter. It concludes with implications for supporting pre-tenure BIPOC junior women faculty during COVID-19 as they prepare for tenure.
Area, Number, and Limit Concepts in Antiquity

The historical origins of what we now call mathematical concepts—those that deal with number, magnitude, and form—can be traced to the rise of civilizations in the fertile river valleys of China, Egypt, India, and Mesopotamia. In particular, fairly detailed and reliable information is now available concerning the highly organized cultures of the peoples who lived along the Nile in Egypt and in the “fertile crescent” of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia in the early centuries of the second millenium B.C.