cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new asymmetric Abel-inversion method for plasma interferometry in tokamaks

In order to get precise local electron density information from chordal interferometric measurements of a tokamak plasma, a self-consistent and reliable inversion method is necessary. In this paper, an asymmetric Abel-inversion method is introduced. This method includes flexible boundary conditions, application to a noncircular geometry, and estimation of the plasma in the scrape-off layer. The advantages of this method are demonstrated by comparison with other methods. This inversion method is applied to a parametric study which includes dependence on the Shafranov shift and elongation of the profile.
Structural Mechanisms Underlying Benzodiazepine Modulation of the GABAA Receptor

Many clinically important drugs target ligand-gated ion channels; however, the mechanisms by which these drugs modulate channel function remain elusive. Benzodiazepines (BZDs), anesthetics, and barbiturates exert their CNS actions by binding to GABA A receptors and modulating their function. The structural mechanisms by which BZD binding is transduced to potentiation or inhibition of GABA-induced current ( I GABA ) are essentially unknown. Here, we explored the role of the γ 2 Q182-R197 region (Loop F/9) in the modulation of I GABA by positive (flurazepam, zolpidem) and negative [3-carbomethoxy-4-ethyl-6,7-dimethoxy-β-carboline (DMCM)] BZD ligands. Each residue was individually mutated to cysteine, coexpressed with wild-type α 1 and β 2 subunits in Xenopus oocytes, and analyzed using two-electrode voltage clamp. Individual mutations differentially affected BZD modulation of I GABA . Mutations affecting positive modulation span the length of this region, whereas γ 2 W183C at the beginning of Loop F was the only mutation that adversely affected DMCM inhibition. Radioligand binding experiments demonstrate that mutations in this region do not alter BZD binding, indicating that the observed changes in modulation result from changes in BZD efficacy. Flurazepam and zolpidem significantly slowed covalent modification of γ 2 R197C, whereas DMCM, GABA, and the allosteric modulator pentobarbital had no effects, demonstrating that γ 2 Loop F is a specific transducer of positive BZD modulator binding. Therefore, γ 2 Loop F plays a key role in defining BZD efficacy and is part of the allosteric pathway allowing positive BZD modulator-induced structural changes at the BZD binding site to propagate through the protein to the channel domain.
Induced representations and finite volume homogeneous spaces

We prove that the representation of C∗(G × GH) induced from the restriction to H of a unitary representation π of G can be constructed directly from π in the framework of Rieffel's theory of induced representations of C∗-algebras, with the inducing process defined by a generalized conditional expectation. We then show, in the general context of Rieffel's theory, that if the induced representation is CCR, so is the original. In a more special situation, which still generalizes that of a conditional expectation onto a subalgebra, and which includes the operation of inducing from an open subgroup and the above-mentioned process when GH is of finite volume, we prove that if the induced representation is type I, so is the original, and obtain a result on intertwining operators. This provides a unified treatment, as well as an extension to the nonseparable case, of certain known results on induction and restriction of representations.
Coordinated Visual and Kinematic Servoing for Positioning Manipulating UAV End-Effectors

Manipulating objects using arms mounted to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is attractive because UAVs may access many locations that are otherwise inaccessible to traditional mobile manipulation platforms such as ground vehicles.However, the constantly moving UAV platform and compliance of manipulator arms make it difficult to position the UAV and end-effector relative to an object of interest precisely enough for reliable manipulation. Solving this challenge will bring UAVs one step closer to being able to perform meaningful tasks such as infrastructure repair, disaster response, law enforcement, and personal assistance.Toward a solution to this challenge, this paper describes an approach to coordinate the redundant degrees of freedom of a six degree of freedom gantry with those of a six degree of freedom manipulator arm. The manipulator’s degrees of freedom are visually servoed to a specified pose relative to a target while treating motions of the host platform as perturbations. Simultaneously, the host platform’s degrees of freedom are servoed using kinematic information from the manipulator. This drives the base of the manipulator to a position that allows it to assume a joint-space configuration that maximizes reachability while minimizing static torque transmitted from the arm to the host.© 2014 ASME
Evaluating the safety and efficacy of sodium-restricted/Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet after acute decompensated heart failure hospitalization: Design and rationale for the Geriatric OUt of hospital Randomized MEal Trial in Heart Failure (GOURMET-HF)

Background Heart failure (HF) is a major public health problem affecting predominantly older adults. Nonadherence to diet remains a significant contributor to acute decompensated HF (ADHF). The sodium-restricted Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH/SRD) eating plan reduces cardiovascular dysfunction that can lead to ADHF and is consistent with current HF guidelines. We propose that an intervention that promotes adherence to the DASH/SRD by home-delivering meals will be safe and improve health-related quality of life (QOL) in older adults after hospitalization for ADHF. Methods/Design This is a 3-center, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial of 12-week duration designed to determine the safety and efficacy of home-delivered DASH/SRD-compliant meals in older adults after discharge from ADHF hospitalization. Sixty-six subjects will be randomized in a 1:1 stratified fashion by gender and left ventricular ejection fraction ( Conclusion This randomized controlled trial will test the efficacy, feasibility, and safety of 4weeks of DASH/SRD after ADHF hospitalization. By testing a novel dietary intervention supported by multiple levels of evidence including preliminary data in outpatients with stable HF, we will address a critical evidence gap in the care of older patients with ADHF. If effective and safe, this intervention could be scaled to assess effects on readmission and healthcare costs in older adults after ADHF.
Diagnosis and management of cancer metastatic to the uvea: a study of 70 cases.

Although metastatic cancer to the uvea is reported to be the most common intraocular malignancy, most ophthalmologists have had little experience with its diagnosis and treatment. This report describes our experience with the diagnosis and management of 70 patients with metastatic cancer to the uvea. Many patients were evaluated with modern diagnostic modalities such as fluorescein angiography, ultrasonography, and the 32 P test when indicated. Thirty-one percent of patients had no history of previous malignancy, and the ocular complaints represented the first symptoms of systemic cancer. The ocular malignancy often simulated betterknown ophthalmic entities, and the referring diagnosis was correct in only 38% of cases. This series, therefore, reflects the clinical problem confronting the practicing ophthalmologist. About one-half of the patients were treated with external beam irradiation to the involved eye(s), which often resulted in dramatic resolution of the tumor and visual return. Other patients had either no treatment, chemotherapy, or enucleation in selected instances. This report, based upon experience with these 70 cases, is designed to prepare guidelines for the ophthalmologist in the diagnosis and management of patients with cancer metastatic to the uvea.
Judge Nonverbal Communication on Trial: Do Mock Trial Jurors Notice?

This study investigated jurors' reactions to judges' nonverbal communication in mock trials. Participants in 80 mock juries viewed taped segments of direct and cross examination that varied the judges' level of nonverbal involvement. Comments about the judge were solicited in predeliberation questionnaires and unsolicited comments obtained from dialogue that occurred during mock jury deliberations. The investigation found that jurors are aware of nonverbal cues from judges, particularly negative behaviors. Although the high- and low-involved judges solicited roughly the same number of comments, more negative comments were made about the judge displaying low than high nonverbal involvement. The results also revealed that jurors made more negative comments than positive ones. Overall, jurors are most aware of a judge's lack of involvement and apparent bias. Discussion focuses on ways to minimize the influence of judge nonverbal communication on jurors.
Butterfly response to floral resources during early establishment at a heterogeneous prairie biomass production site in Iowa, USA

In the Midwestern USA, current biofuel production systems rely on high input monoculture crops that do little to support native biodiversity. The University of Northern Iowa’s Tallgrass Prairie Center is investigating the feasibility of cultivating and harvesting diverse mixes of native prairie vegetation for use as a sustainable biofuel in a manner that also conserves biodiversity and protects soil and water resources. In 2009, we established 48 research plots on three soil types at an Iowa site with a uniform history of row crop production. We seeded each plot with one of four treatments of native prairie vegetation: (1) switchgrass monoculture, (2) warm-season grass mix (5 grass species), (3) biomass mix (16 species of grasses, legumes, and forbs), or (4) prairie mix (32 species of grasses, legumes, forbs, and sedges). In 2010, we measured vegetation characteristics and studied butterfly use of the plots to investigate the hypothesis that more diverse plant communities would support a greater abundance and diversity of butterflies. Habitat characteristics varied significantly among the plots by treatment and soil type, and butterflies responded rapidly to variation in floral abundance and richness. Averaged over the entire growing season, butterflies were six times more abundant and twice as species rich in the biomass and prairie mix plots compared to the warm-season grass and switchgrass plots. Our results suggest that implementation of biomass production using diverse mixes of native prairie vegetation on marginal lands could have positive effects on the maintenance of butterfly populations in agricultural landscapes.
Cross-Professional Partnerships: Innovation in Continuing Education for Social Workers and Extension Educators.

There is a need to train professionals across disciplines to work collaboratively on program development and implementation to address the caregiving issues prevalent in our aging society. The North Carolina State University Departments of Social Work and Family and Consumer Sciences provided a training opportunity for social workers and county extension educators. The goals of the “Institute” were to provide a continuing education program that cultivated partnerships to develop and implement innovative local programming for older adults and their families. The program was also intended to increase the partnership capacity in the involved counties. This paper describes and evaluates the continuing education program and the potential of this training model for community partnership-building in the service of elders and families.
Body image and sexuality in women with and without systemic lupus erythematosus.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate relationships among sexual dissatisfaction, body image, and physical and psychological functioning in 54 women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a demographically similar comparison sample of 29 healthy women. For women with SLE, sexual dissatisfaction was positively correlated with fatigue, depressive symptoms, and feelings of physical attractiveness. No significant differences existed between women with SLE and healthy women with respect to sexual dissatisfaction or body image. Our results suggest that the impact of disease on body image and sexual dissatisfaction are greatest when levels of fatigue and depressive symptoms are high.
Micron-scale voltage and [Ca2+]i imaging in the intact heart

Studies in isolated cardiomyocytes have provided tremendous information at the cellular and molecular level concerning regulation of transmembrane voltage (Vm) and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i). The ability to use the information gleaned to gain insight into the function of ion channels and Ca2+ handling proteins in a more complex system, e. g., the intact heart, has remained a challenge. We have developed laser scanning fluorescence microscopy-based approaches to monitor, at the sub-cellular to multi-cellular level in the immobilized, Langendorff-perfused mouse heart, dynamic changes in [Ca2+]i and Vm. This article will review the use of single- or dual-photon laser scanning microscopy [Ca2+]i imaging in conjunction with transgenic reporter technology to a) interrogate the extent to which transplanted, donor-derived myocytes or cardiac stem cell-derived de novo myocytes are capable of forming a functional syncytium with the pre-existing myocardium, using entrainment of [Ca2+]i transients by the electrical activity of the recipient heart as a surrogate for electrical coupling, and b) characterize the Ca2+ handling phenotypes of cellular implants. Further, we will review the ability of laser scanning fluorescence microscopy in conjunction with a fast-response voltage-sensitive to resolve, on a subcellular level in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts, Vm dynamics that typically occur during the course of a cardiac action potential. Specifically, the utility of this technique to measure microscopic-scale voltage gradients in the normal and diseased heart is discussed.
Reforming expert testimony: An open response from the Tower (and the trenches).

How are things down in the trenches? I was so glad to get your letter; it's good to know that someone down there is listening. I should have thought it would be hard to hear, what with the Boch lobbing shells from the bench and counsel tables, but you got the message loud and clear. (By the way, watch out for the incoming from your own counsel-it can be devastating.) Your field report from the last engagement filled me with admiration and inspired me to respond. From your description, it sounds like you fought the good fight according to the strategy we've worked out up in the Tower. Of course, there was some backsliding and use of unauthorized manoeuvres such as using diagnostic labels (and, how does one use them in an "explanatory fashion"?) and offering an opinion on the ultimate issue (indeed!). I appreciate, however, that the hurly-burly of battle often calls for modifications in the pristine tactics worked out by theoreticians far removed from the fray. Moreover, it appears that you tried mightily to keep your deployments scientifically respectable and ethically proper. (Also, if your letter is an indication, you surely returned your fire with great eloquence and need never be modest on that score.) For all these reasons, your apology for failure to follow orders is perfectly accepted, but I want to encourage you to continue both to attempt to stick to the game plan and to educate the Boch, who can be notoriously rigid and slow to learn.
Responses of the Asian Citrus Psyllid to Volatiles Emitted by the Flushing Shoots of Its Rutaceous Host Plants

Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) carries Candidatus liberibacter spp., the putative causal agents of Huanglongbing. D. citri reproduces and develops only on the flushing shoots of its rutaceous host plants. Here we examined whether D. citri is attracted to host plant odors and a mixture of synthetic terpenes. Tests conducted in a vertically oriented Y-tube olfactometer showed that both males and females preferentially entered the Y-tube arm containing the odor from the young shoots of Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack and Citrus limon L. Burm. f. cultivar Eureka. Only males exhibited a preference for the odor of C. sinensis L., whereas the odor of C. × paradisi MacFadyen cultivar Rio Red was not attractive to both sexes. The volatiles emitted by young shoots of grapefruit cultivar Rio Red, Meyer lemon (Citrus × limon L. Burm.f.), and M. paniculata were analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry. The samples were comprised of monoterpenes, monoterpene esters, and sesquiterpenes. The number of compounds present varied from 2 to 17, whereas the total amount of sample collected over 6 h ranged from 5.6 to 119.8 ng. The quantitatively dominant constituents were (E)-β-ocimene, linalool, linalyl acetate, and β-caryophyllene. The attractiveness of a mixture of synthetic terpenes, modeled on the volatiles collected from M. paniculata, was evaluated in screened cages in a no-choice test. At three observation intervals, significantly more individuals were trapped on white targets scented with the mixture than on unscented targets. These results indicate the feasibility of developing D. citri attractants patterned on actual host plant volatiles.
Design and synthesis of macrocyclic peptidyl hydroxamates as peptide deformylase inhibitors.

Abstract Macrocyclic peptidyl hydroxamates were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as peptide deformylase (PDF) inhibitors. The most potent compound exhibited tight, slow-binding inhibition of Escherichia coli PDF ( K I ∗ = 4.4 nM ) and had potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis (MIC = 2–4 μg/mL).
Wireless Technology and System Integration in Body Area Networks for m-Health Applications

m-Health integrates mobile computing, medical sensor, and communications technologies for mobile health-care applications. Wireless body area networks (WBANs) of intelligent sensors represent an emerging technology for system integration with great potentials for unobtrusive ambulatory health monitoring during extended periods of time. However, system designers will have to resolve a number of issues, such as severe limitations of sensor weight and size necessary to improve user's compliance, sensor resource constraints, intermittent availability of uplink connectivity, reliability of transmission, security, and interoperability of different platforms. We present current and emerging wireless technologies and developments in pervasive and mobile technologies that are vital for implementation of WBAN-based monitors and m-Health system integration. We emphasize the problem of reliable system operation with extremely low power consumption and discontinuous connectivity, which are typical for ambulatory monitoring
Tech Prep: a good educational idea; will it work?

Using federal funding through the Perkins Acts, teachers and administrators in secondary school districts around the nation are implementing "Tech Prep" programs. The concept is straightforward and is aimed at improving the preparation of the 50% middle ability group of students so they can enter a work force with increasing requirements for technical education. The author describes this new educational concept, and argues that it must be monitored, mentored, encouraged, and spread. One of the authors' purposes in writing this paper is to encourage colleagues to get involved with their state and local secondary educational institutions to aid in this effort. This especially can be of help to secondary teachers by showing them the application(s) of the subjects most of them learned to teach without application.
Withaferin A inhibits experimental epithelial–mesenchymal transition in MCF‐10A cells and suppresses vimentin protein level in vivo in breast tumors

We have shown previously that withaferin A (WA), a bioactive component of the medicinal plant Withania somnifera, inhibits growth of cultured and xenografted human breast cancer cells and prevents breast cancer development and pulmonary metastasis incidence in a transgenic mouse model. The present study was undertaken to determine if the anticancer effect of WA involved inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Experimental EMT induced by exposure of MCF-10A cells to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β) was partially reversed by treatment with WA but not by its structural analogs withanone or withanolide A. Combined TNF-α and TGF-β treatments conferred partial protection against MCF-10A cell migration inhibition by WA. Inhibition of TNF-α and TGF-β-induced MCF-10A cell migration by WA exposure was modestly attenuated by knockdown of E-cadherin protein. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to WA exhibited sustained (MCF-7) or transient (MDA-MB-231) induction of E-cadherin protein. On the other hand, the level of vimentin protein was increased markedly after 24 h treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with WA. WA-induced apoptosis was not affected by vimentin protein knockdown in MDA-MB-231 cells. Protein level of vimentin was significantly lower in the MDA-MB-231 xenografts as well as in MMTV-neu tumors from WA-treated mice compared with controls. The major conclusions of the present study are that (a) WA treatment inhibits experimental EMT in MCF-10A cells, and (b) mammary cancer growth inhibition by WA administration is associated with suppression of vimentin protein expression in vivo.
Sintering effect on microstructure and properties of (K,Na) NbO3 ceramics

(K,Na)NbO3 (KNN) lead-free ceramics were fabricated using conventional solid-state reaction method. The domain configurations were studied with transmission electron microscopy and found to be closely related to the sintering temperature and cooling rate. High density ceramics with uniform compositions were obtained when sintered at 1200°C with a slow cooling rate, resulting in the improved piezoelectric properties, with d33 on the order of 150–160 pC/N, which is comparable to the hot pressed KNN ceramics. The microstructures of the ceramics synthesized at various conditions were explained in terms of the solid-solution characteristics of KNN system, based on the high temperature phase diagram. The relationship of processing parameter–microstructure–property established herein will lead to further improvements in the piezoelectric properties of KNN lead-free materials.
An Update on Gifted Females

Selected evolving literature on female achievement and new data on high ability females is presented in an overview of the existing situation for gifted young women. Data on current achievement and aspirations as well as background and environmental factors influencing that achievement are presented as the background to a discussion of needed research and understanding. Specific performance data on aptitude and achievement tests are presented in contrast to data on grades. Career plans and aspirations are discussed in light of attitudes toward mathematics and science; beliefs and behaviors of parents and teachers; and past performance.
Virtues of composite structures in electrode modification. Preparation and properties of poly (aniline)/nafion composite films

Abstract Poly(aniline) (PA) is electropolymerized within thin films of precast Nafion on gold or glassy carbon electrodes. The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is used to aid in identification of the ionic species which undergo transport during switching of the PA between its insulating and conducting forms. The QCM frequency changes observed in solutions containing various cationic species suggest that cation transport is dominant for these composite structures. In acidic solution, a consequence of the high transport number for the proton in the composite films is shown to be an enhanced switching rate relative to the simple (non-composite) PA film. The composite PA films appear to be less resistive and therefore more electrochemically well behaved over a wider pH range than the simple PA films.
Action of bradykinin on human pulmonary circulation. Observations in patients with mitral valvular disease.

Twenty-one patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary to rheumatic mitral valve disease were submitted to right and left heart catheterization and received a continuous intravenous infusion of synthetic bradykinin (average dose, 0.98 µg/kg/min). The drug elicited an appreciable fall of the systemic vascular resistance simultaneously with a decrease of the mean systemic arterial pressure and an increase of the cardiac output in all cases. The rise in cardiac output derived mainly from an increase in heart rate, since the modifications of the stroke volume were generally of low magnitude. In the pulmonary circulation, the increase in blood flow was coincident with a rise of the mean arterial and venous (left atrial) pressures in 19 and all patients, respectively. The pulmonary vascular resistance fell in 19 patients, but no appreciable modifications were noted in pulmonary blood volume. The changes in the lesser circulation were interpreted as expressing secondary effects, either mechanical or reflex, c...
Predictors of Vocational Rehabilitation Return-to-Work Outcomes in Workers' Compensation:

The postinjury return-to-work (RTW) status of 502 injured workers in Montana who were referred for vocational rehabilitation services between 1984 and 1991 was examined to determine which variables improved the capacity to predict RTW outcomes after injury. Predictor variables included age, education, attorney involvement, mandated vocational rehabilitation, and time from injury to referral. The number of years of preinjury education was found to be a strong predictor of postinjury RTW outcomes. Age, attorney involvement, mandated vocational rehabilitation, and timely provision of services were also found to be significant predictors.
A Galois-theoretic proof of the differential transcendence of the incomplete Gamma function

Abstract We give simple necessary and sufficient conditions for the ∂ ∂ t -transcendence of the solutions to a parameterized second-order linear differential equation of the form ∂ 2 Y ∂ x 2 − p ∂ Y ∂ x = 0 , where p ∈ F ( x ) is a rational function in x with coefficients in a ∂ ∂ t -field F . Our criteria imply, in particular, the ∂ ∂ t -transcendence of the incomplete Gamma function γ ( t , x ) , generalizing a result of Johnson, Reinhart, and Rubel. This result is also an important part of an efficient algorithm to compute the parameterized Picard–Vessiot group of an arbitrary parameterized second-order linear differential equation over F ( x ) .
Riparian zone flowpath dynamics during snowmelt in a small headwater catchment

The hydrology of the near-stream riparian zone in upland humid catchments is poorly understood. We examined the spatial and temporal aspects of riparian flowpaths during snowmelt in a headwater catchment within the Sleepers River catchment in northern Vermont. A transect of 15 piezometers was sampled for Ca, Si, DOC, other major cations, and δ18O. Daily piezometric head values reflected variations in the stream hydrograph induced by melt and rainfall. The riparian zone exhibited strong upward discharge gradients. An impeding layer was identified between the till and surficial organic soil. Water solute concentrations increased toward the stream throughout the melt. Ca concentrations increased with depth and DOC concentrations decreased with depth. The concentrations of Ca in all piezometers were lower during active snowmelt than during post-melt low flow. Ca data suggest snowmelt infiltration to depth; however, only upslope piezometers exhibited snowmelt infiltration and consequent low δ18O values,(while δ18O values varied less than 0.5‰ in the deep riparian piezometers throughout the study period. Ca and δ18O values in upslope piezometers during low streamflow were comparable to Ca and δ18O in riparian piezometers during high streamflow. The upland water Ca and δ18O may explain the deep riparian Ca dilution and consistent δ18O composition. The temporal pattern in Ca and δ18O indicate that upland water moves to the stream via a lateral displacement mechanism that is enhanced by the presence of distinct soil/textural layers. Snowmelt thus initiates the flux of pre-melt, low Ca upland water to depth in the riparian zone, but itself does not appear at depth in the riparian zone during spring melt. This is despite the coincident response of upland groundwater and stream discharge.
The Effects of P2S5 Surface Passivation on Dry Etched GaAs

The effects of P2S5 surface passivation treatments on damage caused by chemically assisted ion beam (CAIBE) etching of GaAs have been examined using ex-situ photoreflectance. Epitaxially grown undoped GaAs on heavily doped GaAs substrates were used to determine surface electric fields. The etching process is observed to decrease surface electric fields, produce subsurface damage and to reduce surface photovoltages. Post-etching treatments with P2S5 are observed to increase surface photovoltages, but have no significant effect on the surface fields or subsurface damage. That the surface field is unaffected suggests that in etched materials the Fermi level pinning is not solely determined by the surface and that the near surface regions are important. We also find that samples pretreated with P2S5 exhibit more etch damage than those which are only degreased.
Kiglapait Mineralogy III: Olivine Compositions and Rayleigh Fractionation Models

Olivints, present throughout the layered cumulates of the Kiglapait Intrusion, record extreme iron enrichment during fractional crystallization. Mn is less compatible than Fe; the exchange coefficient KD for Mn/Fe (OL-LIQ,) has values near 0-95 but they drop to 0-7 near the Lower ^one-Upper £one boundary. Ca is depleted by more than a factor of 30 relative to experimental values at 5 kbar pressure. Attempts to find a sink for Ca in the Lower Zone without invoking liquid as a reactant are unconvincing, and questions of metastability arise. Cumulus olivines vary systematically to lower Fo contents with stratigraphic height. Using equilibrium values for the exchange coefficient KD (Fe/Mg, OL-LJQ^J, and the observed mode of olivine and residual porosity, a Rayleigh fractionation calculation reproduces the observed Lower Zone trend without recourse to multiple injections of magma. An anomalously Fe-rich region above the Main Ore Band in the Upper Zone " ascribed to ponding of Fe-rich magma at the floor of the intrusion until later, buoyant residual magma entrained the Fe-rich residua. Such Fe-rich ponds probably account for the abnormal Fe enrichment shown by some other Fenner-trend layered intrusions. Summation over the observed crystal compositions yields values of Xjug that do not represent the equilibrium liquid, but that reduce to it by a simple multiplier p — 0-78. This result means that if Ko is known, the high-temperature, liquidus olivine compositions can be retrieved, or vice versa. Because the observed olivine compositions are supported by realistic forward models, there is no need to invoke evolved boundary-layer liquids to explain the in situ crystallization of Kiglapait cumulates. Classical cumulate theory suffices.
Exercise as Medicine for Cardiac Patients

Exercise training is both a preventive and prescriptive countermeasure with which to treat cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated physiological and behavioral risk factors. Exercise is efficacious for treating hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, insulin resistance, anxiety, depression, and stress as well as nontraditional CVD risk factors such as endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation. Resultantly, exercise training typically improves health outcomes in cardiac patients above and beyond those achieved with nonexercise care practices (i.e., other pharmacological and behavioral treatments) alone. However, despite the well-publicized benefits of exercise, patients struggle with adopting and maintaining physical activity, making clinicians hesitant to prescribe it as an effective treatment tool. There are, however, many factors that affect a patient’s adherence to an exercise program as well as strategies with proven effectiveness for increasing exercise compliance. In addition, an exercise prescription that is tailored to the patient’s goals and desired outcomes will improve long-term exercise compliance. The current chapter will thus present a brief summary of the benefits of exercise for behavioral and physiological health as well as the common physical and psychological ailments associated with the cardiac patient that can be mitigated by physical activity. The chapter will also address strategies and considerations for developing an appropriate exercise prescription and motivating the patient to successfully increase physical activity so as to optimize the effectiveness of exercise as medicine for the cardiac patient.
An extension theorem for holomorphic functions of slow growth on covering spaces of projective manifolds

LetX be a projective manifold of dimension n ≥ 2 andY →X an infinite covering space. EmbedX into projective space by sections of a sufficiently ample line bundle. We prove that any holomorphic function of sufficiently slow growth on the preimage of a transverse intersection ofX by a linear subspace of codimension <n extends toY. The proof uses a Hausdorff duality theorem for L2 cohomology. We also show that every projective manifold has a finite branched covering whose universal covering space is Stein.
The impact of avatar realism and anonymity on effective communication via mobile devices

This research investigates the impact on social communication quality of using anonymous avatars during small-screen mobile audio/visual communications. Elements of behavioral and visual realism of avatars are defined, as is an elaborated three-component measure of communication quality called Social Copresence. Experimental results with 196 participants participating in a social interaction using a simulated mobile device with varied levels of avatar visual and behavioral realism showed higher levels of avatar Kinetic Conformity and Fidelity produced increased perceived Social Richness of Medium, while higher avatar Anthropomorphism produced higher levels of Psychological Copresence and Interactant Satisfaction with Communication. Increased levels of avatar Anonymity produced decreases in Social Copresence, but these were smaller when avatars possessed higher levels of visual and behavioral realism.
IT tools will be critical in helping reduce radiation exposure from medical imaging.

u m f i o c t c e c i he National Council on Radiaion Protection and Measurements stimates that per capita medical raiation dose increased by almost 00% between 1986 and 2006, ith the largest contributions and ncreases from computed tomograhy (CT) and nuclear medicine [1]. arious approaches are needed to educe radiation exposure and minmize associated health risks [2]. In his column, we review some of hese strategies and describe the inormation technology (IT) tools eeded for optimal implementaion. First, redundant and unnecesary examinations must be elimiated where possible, or alternative xaminations with minimal radiaion exposure must be selected. omputerized physician order enry (CPOE) will enable providers to nter requests for examinations diectly into computers. Decision upport tools embedded in CPOE ystems can alert physicians in real ime to the existence of duplicate rior tests or inform them of more ppropriate tests to ensure the optial use of imaging [3]. The same T infrastructure (CPOE) can also e used to educate physicians about he risks of radiation exposure at he time of order entry. Second, radiation exposure per exmination performed must be miniized. This requires review of all exsting protocols in the radiology epartment, focusing on CT and uclear medicine initially. Once deartmental protocols have been optiized, the choice of a specific protool must be determined by detailed r
Putting off Tomorrow to Do What You Want Today: Planning for Retirement

In this article we note that in the coming years, a larger number of people will be experiencing retirement for a longer period of time than ever before and that despite this fact, many will find themselves unprepared for this stage of their lives. We review the literature on retirement preparation, structuring our review around the key questions that need to be addressed when planning for retirement: (a) What will I do? (b) How will I afford it? (c) Where will I live? and (d) Who will I share it with? We make a number of suggestions for research and practice. We conclude that although psychology has begun to play a role in understanding and addressing retirement preparation, there are considerable opportunities for psychologists to engage with this issue in their research and applied work.
Genetics of blood pressure, hypertensive complications, and antihypertensive drug responses.

Hypertension is the most prevalent, treatable risk factor for diseases of the heart, brain and kidneys. In this review, we discuss advances in understanding of the genetics of blood pressure regulation, the development of hypertensive complications and the pharmacodynamics of antihypertensive drug responses. Discovery of single gene mutations that cause hypertension or hypotension in humans suggests that the common final pathway for regulation of blood pressure level is via alterations in renal sodium handling. Based on a working hypothesis that common genetic variations contributing to blood pressure variation in the population may also act on this same pathway, we summarize supporting evidence emerging from linkage and selected association studies of candidate genes – including those encoding components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, the epithelial sodium channel, adrenoceptors, G protein subunits, and other cellular signaling mediators and modifiers. We proceed to distinguish ischemic tar...
Effects of butyrate precursors on electron relocation when methanogenesis is inhibited in ruminal mixed cultures.

Aims: Inhibition of ruminal methanogenesis often causes accumulation of H2, formate and ethanol, which are not energy substrates for ruminants. It was hypothesized that the addition of butyrate precursors would avoid the formation of these products and relocate electrons into butyrate. Methods and Results: In four ruminal 24-h incubations, two inhibitors of methanogenesis, each at three different initial concentrations (0, 2 or 4 mmol l−1 for propynoic acid, and 0, 4 or 8 mmol l−1 for ethyl 2-butynoate), were combined with two butyrate precursors at two different initial concentrations (0 or 4 mmol l−1 for crotonic acid or 3-butenoic acid). Ground lucerne hay was the substrate. Propynoic acid at 4 mmol l−1 decreased CH4 formation by more than two-thirds. Ethyl 2-butynoate at 8 mmol l−1 suppressed methanogenesis by more than 90%. Butyrate precursors generally did not decrease the accumulation of H2 and formate or ethanol production. Conclusions: Butyrate precursors were ineffective as electron acceptors because they were not completely converted to butyrate and were also metabolized through other pathways. Significance and Impact of the Study: Effectiveness of butyrate precursors may be improved by adding them to the fermentation continuously or by enhancing the kinetics of their conversion into butyrate.
Augmented Information Feedback And Task Constraints

This paper overviews recent experimental work examining the nature of the augmented information feedback required to optimize skill learning in discrete tasks. For most tasks, traditional knowledge of results (KR) of the response outcome is not sufficient to optimize performance. Information feedback regarding the response dynamics must be provided in terms of the control space that is required to unequivocally define the task constraints, together with those constraints imposed upon movement by optimization criteria. The augmented information available must match the degrees of freedom requiring constraint in the movement sequence. Evidence is highlighted that reflects how the influence of kinematic and kinetic information feedback on skill acquisition is modulated by task constraints.
The Looming Twenty-First Century Generation Gap: Economic Challenges Facing Younger Workers

Younger adults preparing to enter today’s workforce face a confluence of economic challenges unknown to many of their predecessors. These include rising student loan debt, barriers and higher thresholds to entry-level jobs, reduced wages and benefits, and heavier responsibilities for funding their own retirements and those of preceding generations. Many of these concerns were in play before the recession, but the economic meltdown has intensified all of them. Although the exact mix of these factors remains speculative, potentially we face a long period of generational strife that will play out in our workplaces, boardrooms, and legislatures.
Words and Worlds: The Supreme Court in Rapanos and Carabell

This paper explores the expression of competing worldviews in the opinions of Rapanos v. United States and Carabell v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. An “ecological” worldview identified with modern environmentalism appears in Justice Steven’s dissent and in Justice Kennedy’s concurrence in these cases. An opposed “atomistic” worldview is evidenced in Justice Scalia’s plurality opinion. These competing worldviews reflect different beliefs and values held by the justices affecting environmental regulatory cases such as Rapanos. The atomistic worldview is consistent with values of individual autonomy and mastery of the physical environment for economic advancement, the ecological worldview with values of individual restraint in support of a common good and fitting harmoniously into the natural and social environment. These competing worldviews, and their associated values, have contrary implications for law. Justices embracing the ecological worldview tend to favor a broad scope of federal regulatory power, limited property rights, and general interpretations of environmental regulatory authority. Justices resisting this worldview tend to have contrary views on these issues. The paper also argues that the same values that animate the substantive differences of the justices in cases such as Rapanos also may affect the justices’ preferences for interpretational approaches. That is, the values that lead justices to be more or less accepting of the ecological model are also among the values that may influence justices to be textualists or intentionalists.
Colonialism, Globalization and Culture: Reflections on September 11th

September 11 has cast a shadow on how we think, what we say, and what we do. The shadow weighs with particular heaviness on the people of the United States; but few around the world have been untouched by it. We stand at a crossroads. There is little question in my mind that the criminal network responsible for that foul deed needs to be brought to justice. But care must be exercised so that the demand for justice does not turn into injustice of its own. The grief caused by the wanton murder of innocent civilians easily turns into anger. A longing for revenge, if unchecked, is likely to bring destruction and further grief to untold numbers of innocent people. The other alternative is to mourn, and find in the mourning an occasion for reflection on those circumstances, that we may work our way out of the spiral of violence that already has brutalized many, and now threatens to consume us all.
Technology training for older job-seeking adults: The efficacy of a program offered through a university-community collaboration

ABSTRACTMany older adults who lose their jobs face challenges in finding new employment due to fundamental limitations in their technology skills. While training could give them the skills they need, older workers often have less access to training programs than younger workers. This study examined the feasibility of using an e-learning training program developed for older job-seeking adults lacking the requisite technology skills to find employment. Implementation of the training program was based on a partnership established between university researchers and a community organization. Thirty-five participants aged 50–71 years provided data regarding their previous work histories and problems that they encountered while seeking employment. They completed 12 hours of training in Microsoft Excel and were given multiple-part problems to assess what they had learned. They also provided evaluations of the program. Participants who enrolled in the training had limited computer skills; after a relatively short ...
Gute Geburt genadelt…? – Wirkung der geburtsvorbereitenden Akupunktur

Die Nachfrage von Schwangeren nach geburtsvorbereitender Akupunktur ist gros. Hebammen, die Akupunktur anbieten, verweisen darauf, dass die geburtsvorbereitende Akupunktur den naturlichen Verlauf einer Geburt unterstutzt. Was sagt die Forschung? Aida Burkart ist dieser Frage in ihrer Bachelorarbeit an der Zurcher Hochschule fur angewandte Wissenschaft nachgegangen und hat Studien recherchiert, mit denen die Effekte der Akupunktur untersucht wurden. Die betreuende Lehrperson der Arbeit war Isabell Schmid.
Localization of tritiated prostaglandin E1 in rat adrenal cortices: Autoradiographic and biochemical studies

To determine whether or not prostaglandins enter adrenocortical parenchymal cells,3H-PGE1 was injected intravenously into rats. In histological preparations, grains denoting activity were noted in intracellular lipid droplets and nuclei and in sinusoids. At the fine structural level, activity was observed in lipid droplets, mitochondria, the agranular endoplasmic reticulum, nuclei and the plasma membrane. Biochemical lipid analyses of the adrenals revealed activity in the cholesterol and cholesterol ester fractions. Large amounts of unaltered3H-PGE1 and its degradation products were also present. Compared to the liver, the adrenal was more effective in degrading prostaglandin, when expressed on a weight basis. The possible roles of the organelles in PGE1 degradation and in prostaglandin-related hormone synthesis are discussed.
3D Ultrasound Elastographic Imaging and Characterization of Breast Cancer In Vivo

Breast cancer has a high mortality rate and caused about 13.7% of all cancer types deaths in women. Mammography imaging, having a good sensitivity to cancer, is used along with biopsy in a routinely manner, to differentiate between malignant and benign masses. Biopsy is an invasive procedure, and to reduce the necessity for performing it, ultrasound elastography was proposed. Elastography is a potential imaging technique to characterize breast masses, and to differentiate malignant from benign lesions, based on imaging estimated tissue strains under compression. This can result in lowering the number of unnecessary biopsies.Using 3D elastography, lesion relative stiffness with the surrounding soft tissue is estimated at different compression levels, and used as a classification parameter to judge the malignancy of the lesion. In addition, elastography provided a means of emphasizing the strain difference of the lesion from the surrounding soft tissue, which can be used as an additional classification parameter. A pilot study on volunteered patients was performed, and results were compared with biopsy diagnosis as a reference. Initial elastography results showed good agreement with biopsy outcomes. Moreover, we constructed different strain elastograms including first principal, maximum shear and von Mises strains. Those new types of elastographic volumes incorporated the normal axial and shear strains together, which provided better distinction of the hard lesion from the soft tissue. In summary, the proposed elastographic techniques can be used as a noninvasive quantitative characterization tool for breast cancer, with the capability of visualizing and separating the masses in three dimensional space.© 2012 ASME