cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictors of sedentary behavior among colorectal survivors

Colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors spend approximately 9 h per day in sedentary behavior (SED), despite recommendations to reduce sitting time. The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of SED among CRC survivors over a 1-year duration. Male and female CRC survivors (< 5 years since diagnosis) participated in a 12-week moderate-to-vigorous physical activity randomized controlled trial. To measure SED, participants were given a CSA monitor to wear for three consecutive days (including one weekend day). Additionally, fitness (Treadmill walk test), body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis) and questionnaires (Profile of Mood States, Exercise Processes of Change and Self-Efficacy for Exercise) were administered. Follow-up assessments were completed at a 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up. Forty-six colorectal survivors (average age = 57.3 ± 9.7 years) completed the 12-month study. Using latent class models, four classes of SED behavior over time were identified: class 1 (high and sustained SED over time), class 2 (low and sustain SED over time), class 3 (increasing SED over time), and class 4 (high SED through 6-months, followed be a marked decrease at 12-months). Males were more likely to be in class 1, while majority of females were in class 3. Those CRC survivors with a better mood at baseline were in class 2, while those with poor fitness, high body fat, and higher cognitive processes at baseline were in class 3. Identifying the characteristics of survivors who engage in high SED can help healthcare providers to target their efforts to reduce SED.
Empowering Youth to Engage in Social Discourse Through Place-Based Songwriting:

This article represents the authors’ place-based songwriting work with youth aged 9 years to 18 years who were participating in two of West Virginia’s 4-H summer camp experiences. Beginning with th...
Ophthalmic Artery Occlusion and Subsequent Retinal Fibrosis From a Calcium Hydroxylapatite Filler Injection.

Purpose:We report a case of an otherwise healthy 48-year-old woman presenting with acute vision loss after injection of a soft-tissue filler in the glabellar region with calcium hydroxylapatite mic...
A Perfect Fit: Personalization Versus Privacy

Certain marketing tactics make people feel “creepy” because they are invasive and may violate social norms. People’s concerns about how their personal data is collected and used may be heightened as companies’ ability to collect and use personal data increases. One way to allay people’s concerns is to build a relationship, a friendship that might moderate concerns about intrusive tactics. Two hundred twenty-three participants evaluated three vignettes describing scenarios where marketers collect and share personal data. Participants felt most creepy when brands collected and shared personal data publicly. Having a relationship (brand friend) may moderate feelings of creepiness.
An Information Theoretic Approach to Platform Technology Selection to Aid Influence Operations

The influence operations domain would benefit from a strategic adoption of automation, technological adaptability, and agile processes. The focus of this article is on the technical aspects of determining the required technologies to fully support conducting an influence operation rather than cognitive aspects of an operation. A unified approach to the application of these technologies does not appear to have occurred in this domain. A conceptual information theoretic framework for identifying appropriate technologies to support influence and other cyber operations is presented. It provides a holistic framework for making planning decisions about the development and employment of technology capabilities independent of specific detailed operational requirements, while allowing assessments of risk, cost, and effectiveness to be considered in the process. The framework defines the data, information needs, and acquisition process in the context of specific technology insertion point data, information, or knowledge requirements and services to facilitate execution of an operation. The framework allows for identification, down-selection, and prioritization of specific shared technologies that support multiple phases of the decision process and stages of an operation. This allows for concentration of limited engineering, programmatic, and financial resources on technologies with the widest applicability irrespective of the specific operation.
Primary care and public health activities in select US health centers: documenting successes, barriers, and lessons learned.

The Health Center Program, administered by the Bureau of Primary Health Care in the Health Resources and Services Administration of the US Department of Health and Human Services, provides funding for primary and preventive health care services for almost 20 million patients each year.1 Health centers (HCs) provide a safety net for the nation’s medically underserved populations, such as the uninsured, the poor, racial/ethnic minorities, homeless persons, migrant and seasonal farmworkers, and public housing residents.2 Previous research has documented that HC quality of care is comparable to or better than that of other primary care providers and that HCs help reduce health care disparities.3–5 HCs also have a recognized history of community involvement and empowerment that facilitate integration of their primary medical care services with public health activities to affect the social determinants of health and well-being.6–12 Despite this history, few systematic descriptions and assessments of such efforts exist. More efforts are needed to illuminate how the safety net system can be organized to address the public health needs of the nation’s most vulnerable populations.13,14 We therefore conducted a cross-sectional study to highlight the successes of several exemplary HCs in integrating primary care and public health, identify barriers to success, and offer lessons learned that might enlighten other HCs considering similar integrated programs.
Iodine records from the Ediacaran Doushantuo cap carbonates of the Yangtze Block, South China

Abstract Late Neoproterozoic cap carbonates formed following the Cryogenian glaciations may record information about the significant climate change and ocean chemistry evolution immediately after the Snowball Earth events. Large negative carbon isotope anomalies and enigmatic sedimentary structures have been identified from the post-Marinoan cap carbonates across the globe, but their formation mechanism remains debatable due to difficulties of distinguishing overlapped chemical signatures and diagenetic alterations. In this study, we present I/(Ca+Mg) profiles of four sections from a shallow-to-deep water transect of the basal Doushantuo cap carbonates, one of the most extensively studied Ediacaran units in South China. Most samples have I/(Ca+Mg) values lower than 1 μmol/mol with a few exceptions in the shelf sections up to ∼2.5 μmol/mol. All calcite samples with extremely low δ13C have iodine signal below detection limit, suggesting carbonate precipitation from anoxic seawater or diagenetic fluids. Among the four sections, the slope section has the lowest I/(Ca+Mg) values, suggesting that it may have experienced more extensive fluid-buffered diagenesis and more severe loss of IO3–. In combination with available major, trace, rare earth element and isotope data, the temporal I/(Ca+Mg) variations support freshwater mixing and deep-water upwelling in proximal sites and transient oxidation during deposition of the Doushantuo cap carbonates.
System-on-chip architecture and validation for real-time transceiver optimization: APC implementation on FPGA

New radar applications need to perform complex algorithms and process large quantity of data to generate useful information for the users. This situation has motivated the search for better processing solutions that include low power high-performance processors, efficient algorithms, and high-speed interfaces. In this work, hardware implementation of adaptive pulse compression for real-time transceiver optimization are presented, they are based on a System-on-Chip architecture for Xilinx devices. This study also evaluates the performance of dedicated coprocessor as hardware accelerator units to speed up and improve the computation of computing-intensive tasks such matrix multiplication and matrix inversion which are essential units to solve the covariance matrix. The tradeoffs between latency and hardware utilization are also presented. Moreover, the system architecture takes advantage of the embedded processor, which is interconnected with the logic resources through the high performance AXI buses, to perform floating-point operations, control the processing blocks, and communicate with external PC through a customized software interface. The overall system functionality is demonstrated and tested for real-time operations using a Ku-band tested together with a low-cost channel emulator for different types of waveforms.
Your Money or Your (Wild) Life? Political Ideology, Deference to Authority, and Media Attention as Predictors of Support for Interventionist Conservation Policies

This study examines support for interventionist conservation policies directed at natural resource-using industries in Wisconsin, a U.S. state heavily dependent on natural resources for economic vi...
De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Combined CBFB-MYH11 and BCR-ABL1 Gene Rearrangements: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with inv(16)(p13.1q22) resulting in CBFB-MYH11 fusion is associated with a favorable prognosis. The presence of a KIT mutation modifies it to an intermediate prognosis. Additionally, inv(16) can cooperate with other genetic aberrations to further increase cell proliferation. Coexistence of inv(16) and t(9;22) is extremely rare (20 cases). We present a case of a 55-year-old male with elevated white blood cell count. Bone marrow evaluation and flow cytometry analysis were compatible with AML with monocytic features. Cytogenetic studies revealed two-related clones, a minor clone with inv(16) and a major clone with concurrent inv(16) and t(9;22) rearrangements. Fluorescent in situ hybridization studies confirmed these rearrangements. Molecular analysis detected a p190 BCR-ABL1 transcript protein. KIT mutations were negative. The patient was initially treated with standard induction regimen; 7 daily doses of cytarabine from day 1-day 7, 3 daily doses of daunorubicin from day 1-day 3, and 1 dose of Mylotarg (gemtuzumab ozogamicin) on day 1. The detection of t(9;22) led to the addition of daily doses of dasatinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) from day 7 onwards. The patient achieved complete remission on day 45. During his treatment course, he acquired disseminated Fusarium infection. Day 180 bone marrow evaluation revealed florid relapse with 64% blasts. Cytogenetic study showed clonal evolution of the inv(16) clone with no evidence of the t(9;22) subclone. Eventually, bone marrow transplantation was contraindicated, and the patient was transferred to palliative care. Literature review revealed that AML with co-occurrence of CBFB-MYH11 and BCR-ABL1 gene rearrangements was involved by only a small number of cases with de novo and therapy-related AML. Most cases were in myeloid blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Treatment and prognosis among the de novo AML cases varied and majority of them achieved clinical remission. In contrast, these cytogenetic abnormalities in the blast phase of CML had a poor prognosis. As the prognosis and management of AML is dependent upon the underlying genetic characteristics of the neoplasm, it is imperative to include clinical outcome with such rare combinations of genetic alterations.
Gastrointestinal medication burden among persons with the Ehlers‐Danlos syndromes

BACKGROUND The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDSs) are a group of heritable disorders of connective tissue associated with an increased prevalence of both structural and functional GI conditions. METHODS We used 10 years (2005-2014) of administrative claims data comprised of 4294 people with clinician-diagnosed EDS, aged 5-62 years, and compared their frequency of GI drug prescription claims to their age-, sex-, state of residence-, and earliest claim date-matched controls. We categorized the GI medications into the following groups: acid suppressants, anti-emetics, irritable bowel syndrome drugs, and visceral hypersensitivity (VHS) medications. KEY RESULTS Compared to controls, a significantly higher proportion of persons with EDS had prescription claims for at least one GI drug group, as well as for drugs in each of the four GI drug groups included in our study. By age-group, 25.7% children and 45.1% adults with EDS had prescription claims for at least one GI drug group compared with only 7.4% and 21.0% of controls, respectively (p < 0.0001). By gender, 44.0% of women and 25.3% of men with EDS had prescription claims for at least one class of GI drugs compared with 19.2% and 9.6% of controls, respectively (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS AND KEY INFERENCES Predominant medication burden occurs among women with EDS, beginning peri-pubertally for anti-emetics and VHS drugs. High GI medication burden underscores previous evidence that GI dysmotility is common among persons with EDS.
Obtaining Realistic Spectra of Photon and Electron Beams

Modern dose calculation algorithms for high-energy photon and electron beams usually require knowledge of the spectrum of each beam in order to generate a dose kernel. Because the spectrum of a high-energy beam is difficult to obtain by measurement, indirect methods have been used.
The Clean-up Man

"THAT'S IT, I quit, I can't stand it anymore," and I put the broom into the closet and go downstairs to the dressing room. The boss comes. "What's this? What happened? If it's Pete again, I'll sack him." "No, it's not Pete, though he gives me a hard time all right. But it's not him. I'm tired of this job. I've been working at it too long. Tired of all this kind of work. I get no satisfaction from it and I don't think I ever did, not just here but in every place. I don't know, but I've got to get out of it for good." "What satisfaction you want? You sweep the floor, you clean the dishes and occasionally bus some tables. What possible satisfaction can you get in that, except in doing a good job? And you do a good job with your sweeping and cleaning and when I ask you to bus, not to say the way you take care of the windows. Those windows shine. And when they shine, people see them and know it's a clean place I got here and they come in and sit down and want to be served and eat and drink and spend money. People compliment me on those windows. Customers do. So I compliment you. On everything you do besides. So why do you want to go? Satisfaction, that satisfaction that artists and scientists and great teachers get from their work, will never come to me or you. But just small satisfaction, like those people complimenting me about my windows or the food and a compliment or two from me to you or just in your own self about the good job you do, that you'll get. And that you deserve, so stay. I'll raise your salary if you want?ten cents an hour starting when you came in today." "It's not the money." "Don't be a fool. It is so the money or has to be in some big way. Because what else you live on: the garbage you sweep off the plate or mop up in the corners of the dining room? Maybe you do find something every now and then on the floor you don't tell me about, like a diamond earring or dollar bill or some customer's chain. That you deserve too if that person who loses the bracelet or ring doesn't come in to say she lost it, though whatever money you find is yours no matter who comes in to claim. But money you earn is what you live on. And ten cents an hour, though not a lot to most people, to you comes up to almost five dollars a week, which you can certainly use. So ten cents an hour raise you'll get, and starting first of this week, not today."
Discontinuity Theory: Cognitive and Social Searches for Rationality and Normality—May Lead to Madness

Publisher Summary This chapter describes assumptions and principles of discontinuity theory, its search processes and their biases and relates their rigid use to predictable symptom development in the first stages of the transformation of ordinary people becoming mad. The chapter provides variety of case studies that illustrate many of the interesting features and wide-ranging implications of this approach in everyday life. The chapter also presents experimental investigations that are designed to test predictions about the operation of several kinds of discontinuities and associated search biases. In specific, a theoretical framework is presented to understand the fundamental process of adapting to experiential discontinuities that are of personal significance to one's self-concept. The central dynamic of this approach is the motivation triggered by perception of a discontinuity, which is defined as a violation of expectation in any domain of functioning highly valued by the self.
Autoimmune hepatitis: Histopathology

Watch a video presentation of this article Figure 1. Answer questions and earn CME
Modern Dreams and Postmodern Realities: The City as Spatial Archetype in Screening the City , edited by Mark Shiel and Tony Fitzmaurice

_Screening the City_ Edited by Mark Shiel and Tony Fitzmaurice London: Verso, 2003 ISBN 1-85984-476-6 312 pp.
On reducing the impact of interdomain route changes

Interdomain route changes are frequent and they can have negative impact on a network's operation: during route convergence, packets get delayed and dropped; after route convergence, changes in the egress point for reaching a destination can alter the network's intradomain traffic patterns and trigger new traffic-engineering. In this paper, we look into reducing the impact of interdomain route changes on the network's operation. First, we investigate a route decision process which avoids the selection of routes that cause egress point changes. However, this decision process does not consider the potential benefit of selecting a more preferred route even if it causes an egress point change. Then, we propose a system which only avoids route changes causing recurring intradomain traffic shifts by processing the route changes history and by selectively modifying route attributes which affect the route decision process. We evaluate both approaches using data from a major European ISP. The modified route decision process avoids 89% of the observed intradomain traffic shifts caused by interdomain route changes, whereas route attribute modifications reduce the number of traffic shifts on average by 25%, and as much as 50%.
Market and non-market transfers of land in Ethiopia - implications for efficiency, equity, and non-farm development

The authors use data from Ethiopia to empirically assess determinants of participation in land rental markets, compare these to those of administrative land reallocation, and make inferences on the likely impact of households' expectations regarding future redistribution. Results indicate that rental markets outperform administrative reallocation in terms of efficiency and poverty. Households who have part-time jobs in the off-farm sector are significantly more likely to expect land to be taken away from them through administrative means. Eliminating the scope for administrative land reallocation may thus be a precondition for more vigorous development of the off-farm sector.
Mild acidosis delays hypoxic spreading depression and improves neuronal recovery in hippocampal slices

Severe tissue acidosis has been viewed traditionally as a damaging component of cerebral hypoxia. However, a neuroprotective action of low pH during hypoxia has been described in primary neuronal cultures. To identify and characterize this effect in mature brain tissue, adult rat hippocampal slices were made hypoxic after adjusting pHo with HCl or NaOH. Ion-selective microelectrodes were positioned in CA1 to record evoked field potentials, extracellular DC voltage (Vo), pHo, and [Ca2+]o. Orthodromic population spike amplitude was used as a measure of slice recovery 2 hr after reoxygenation. All slices became markedly acidotic during hypoxia (delta pHo approximately 0.4 pH unit). Following restoration of O2 and bath pH to 7.4, slice pHo returned to its pretreatment level regardless of experimental treatment, hypoxic duration, or the degree of electrophysiological recovery. When either the period of hypoxia or the duration of HSD was held constant, acid- treated slices exhibited a significant improvement in recovery. However, in neither paradigm did the recovery of alkaline-treated slices differ from controls. Mild acidosis (bath pH = 6.9–7.3) caused a reversible depression of the orthodromic population spike, an increase in the latency of hypoxic spreading depression-like depolarization (HSD), and a decrease in the magnitude of the associated negative Vo shift. For each of these parameters, mild alkalinity (bath pH = 7.7) had the opposite effect. Acid treatment did not affect the decrease in [Ca2+]o during HSD but accelerated its recovery after reoxygenation. These results suggest that mild acidosis may limit hypoxic neuronal injury in vitro by delaying HSD onset and by additional mechanisms unrelated to the degree of calcium influx during neuronal depolarization.
Regularity of weak solutions to the Monge–Ampère equation

We study the properties of generalized solutions to the Monge-Ampere equation det D 2 u = v, where the Borel measure v satisfies a condition, introduced by Jerison, that is weaker than the doubling property. When v = f dx, this condition, which we call D e , admits the possibility of f vanishing or becoming infinite. Our analysis extends the regularity theory (due to Caffarelli) available when 0 < A < f < A < ∞, which implies that v = f dx is doubling. The main difference between the D e case and the case when f is bounded between two positive constants is the need to use a variant of the Aleksandrov maximum principle (due to Jerison) and some tools from convex geometry, in particular the Hausdorff metric.
A spatial model of coastal ecosystem services

Abstract Evidence suggests that the ecological functions underlying many ecosystem goods and services are spatially variable. For coastal systems, a simple model is developed incorporating a spatial production function that declines across an ecological landscape. The basic model demonstrates how spatial production of ecosystem services affects the location and extent of landscape conversion. An extension allows for the risk of ecological collapse, when the critical size of the remaining landscape that precipitates the collapse is not known. Both models are simulated using the example of spatial variation in ecosystem services across a mangrove habitat that might be converted to shrimp aquaculture.
High frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus improves treadmill locomotion in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats

This study investigated the influence of electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) on motor impairment induced by unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions in the medial forebrain bundle. Rats were trained to walk on a treadmill and then implanted with microelectrode arrays in and near the STN. The neurotoxin 6-OHDA was injected into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) unilaterally to produce a targeted lesion of the dopaminergic system. Successful lesions produced impaired treadmill walking behavior. High frequency stimulation (HFS) of the STN improved treadmill walking immediately and restored normal walking patterns. The same HFS failed to evoke visible side effects such as stepping, turning, raising of the head or facial muscle contraction in the absence of treadmill movement, or to change rotational behaviors elicited by the dopamine (DA) agonist apomorphine in unilateral lesioned rats. This suggests that the stimulation did not cause movement by an activation of brainstem locomotor regions or an increase attention leading to movement. Apomorphine-induced rotation may represent an imbalance of dopaminergic activation which remains during HFS. This work may provide a rodent model for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in patients with Parkinson's disease, and be suitable for further investigation of the neural mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of DBS.
Characterization of Mononuclear Copper-Nitrogen Oxide Complexes: Models of NOx Binding to Isolated Active Sites in Copper Proteins

Detailed examination of the interactions of simple nitrogen oxides, NxOy n-, with metal ions has become increasingly important for understanding the role of NxOy n-species in numerous biochemically and environmentally significant processes. Metal-mediated reactions of nitrogen oxides are ubiquitous within the global nitrogen cycle, in which the various forms of nitrogen are interconverted and distributed throughout the world.1 For example, metalloenzymes containing molybdenum, iron, or copper are involved in every stage of denitrification, the dissimilatory process by which some bacteria use NO3 - and NO2 - as terminal electron acceptors to release gaseous NO, N2O, and N2 (Figure 1).2 Environmental consequences of denitrification include the depletion of sources of nitrogen necessary for plant growth and the production of the greenhouse gas and ozone destroyer N2O. Moreover, excess NO3 -, a pollutant that contributes to eutrophication of lakes and rivers, can be removed from waste water by denitrification in a useful bioremedial application.3
Transcriptome analyses of male germ cells with serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE)

Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) provides an alternative with additional advantages to microarrays for studying gene expression during spermatogenesis. The digitized transcriptome provided by SAGE of purified mouse germ cells identified 27,504 species of transcripts expressed in type A spermatogonia, pachytene spermatocytes, and round spermatids. Over 2700 of these transcripts were novel. Computational analyses allowed the identification of clusters of co-regulated genes, cell-specific promoter modules, cell-specific biological processes, as well as "preferential" biological networks in different cell types. These analyses provided potential drug targets for interference of specific pathways at different stages of spermatogenesis. Analyses of the transcriptomes revealed the prominent role of cytochrome c oxidase in germ cells and suggest a novel role for this enzyme in cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis in spermatogonia. A number of genes were shown to undergo differential splicing during spermatogenesis giving rise to cell-specific splice variants.
Motion conditions justification of an omni-directional mobile platform by electro-mechanical transduction matrix:

The paper presents a new approach to electro-mechanical transduction applied to motion conditions justification of an omni-directional mobile platform without implementing conventional mechanical sensors. Since the experimental platform is driven by four DC motors, the electro-mechanical transduction of a DC motor is identified by theoretical derivation. Also, the motion modelling of the mobile platform is presented. Based on the evaluation of mechanical impedance, an experimental example demonstrates that the platform has the function of road surface sensing, which can be used as a base for controlling the motion of the platform. The verification of the rotating speed of a DC motor is also provided, and the results show that the proposed approach can accurately respond to the motion of the platform.
Simultaneous in Vitro Protein Synthesis Using Solid-Phase DNA Template

In vitro protein synthesis is rapidly becoming an accepted tool in functional genomic analysis. We have demonstrated the in vitro synthesis of firefly luciferase on solid-phase template DNA, bound to wells in 96-well plates, using simultaneous transcription and translation in a wheat-germ extract system. The bound DNA template was stable and did not release during transcription. Coupled translation resulted in ca. 1.2 ng/microL luciferase synthesized, which is ca. one-fifth of that synthesized using conventional solution-phase coupled transcription and translation. Reuse of the DNA template was influenced by the complexity of the wheat-germ extract, which resulted in fouling of the transcription surface and reduction of protein synthesis after extended use. The approach developed in this study may enable the development of high-throughput, microscale protein synthesis platforms for use in functional genomic analysis.
Electrophoretic characterization of φX174-specific proteins

Abstract An acrylamide gel electrophoresis assay for φX174-specific proteins synthesized in vivo is described. By infecting u.v.-irradiated hosts (Escherichia coli HF4704 HCR−) with amber mutants in each of seven complementation groups, we have been able to identify several φX174-specific proteins.
Natural experiments in landscape evolution

A natural experiment in landscape evolution is a case study of landform development in which only one element varies significantly, and for which the driving forces, initial conditions, and/or boundary conditions are well constrained. Natural experiments provide a means of testing landscape evolution theory on the large space and time scales to which that theory applies. Natural experiments can involve either steady or transient conditions. Cases with steady conditions allow one to test predictions about the relationships among topography, erosion rates, and various attributes related to climate and material properties. Transient cases are valuable for distinguishing between models whose predictions might be similar, and therefore indistinguishable, under steady conditions. Essential ingredients of a natural experiment include minimal variation in all but one factor, good constraints on timing and/or rates, well-characterized processes, and high quality topographic data. Other useful ingredients include information about intermediate topographic states (such as a former valley profile revealed by strath terraces), and knowledge of the time history of erosion rates. In order to deepen our understanding of the physics and chemistry of long-term landscape evolution, there is a pressing need to identify natural experiments and develop the necessary databases to take advantage of them. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Modification of Baroclinic Waves by the Rocky Mountains

Abstract The author diagnoses two observed cases of Rocky Mountain lee cyclogenesis and perform several idealized simulations to understand the effect of the mountains on incident baroclinic waves. Several issues are examined: 1) in what sense is the effect of the mountains cyclolytic and why; 2) what is the effect of adding a mean surface wind; 3) what sorts of behavior may result in differing mean flows; and 4) what is a useful conceptual framework in which to view lee cyclogenesis? The dynamical underpinning for analysis of observations and idealized simulations is the quasigeostrophic (QG) equations. The author finds that the most important effect of the mountains is to alter the mean distribution of surface potential temperature and hence change the propagation characteristics of the incident baroclinic wave. The presence of a mountain enhances the gradient of θ*, the QG approximation to surface potential temperature, to the north of the peak and decreases it to the south. Thus the component of the b...
The correspondence between coronary heart disease mortality and risk factor prevalence among states in the United States, 1991-1992.

Abstract Objective . This study aimed to examine the correspondence between seven established risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) and CHD mortality among the states in the United States. An ecologic analysis relating CHD risk factor prevalences to CHD mortality rates among 49 states was undertaken in 1991–1992. Methods . Approximately 68,000 men and women ages 45–74 were randomly sampled and interviewed by telephone in surveys conducted in 49 states in 1991 and 1992. From these interviews, we estimated state-specific prevalences of smoking, overweight, physical inactivity, hypertension, elevated cholesterol, diabetes, and alcohol abstinence. These seven CHD risk factors were also combined to create a CHD risk index for each state. The main outcome measures were mortality rates from CHD (ICD9 codes 410.0–414.9) in each of 49 states in 1991–1992 for men and women ages 45–74. The analysis was based on multiple linear regression and Spearman's rank-order correlations between the CHD risk factor prevalences, the combined CHD risk index, and the CHD mortality rates among the 49 states. Results . The prevalences of most of the CHD risk factors correlated with CHD mortality rates in the expected directions, and correlations were similar for men and women. The CHD risk index correlated strongly with CHD mortality for both men ( r = 0.75) and women ( r = 0.80). Conclusion . About 60% of the variance in CHD mortality between the states in the United States (56% for men and 64% for women) is attributable to differences between the states in the prevalences of seven established risk factors for CHD. As state health agencies prioritize resources for chronic disease prevention programs, they should consider the potential benefits of increased efforts to reduce the prevalences of modifiable CHD risk factors in their populations to reduce CHD mortality.
Mouse endometrium stromal cells express a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible cytochrome P450 that closely resembles the novel P450 in mouse embryo fibroblasts (P450EF)

Stromal cells from mouse endometrium, E041 cells, at passages 21, 23 and 26 were metabolically active towards 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). The total DMBA-metabolizing activity of E041 cells was preferentially increased by benz[a]anthracene (BA) relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) treatment (7-fold by BA and 4-fold by TCDD), but the relative proportions of DMBA metabolites formed remained unchanged. Profiles of DMBA metabolites generated from E041 cell microsomes were very different from that of mouse P4501A1 but exhibited similarities to that of P450EF, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-inducible cytochrome P450 in the mouse embryo fibroblast cell line C3H10T1/2 (10T1/2). Notably, both induced and uninduced E041 cell microsomes were very effective in the formation of the proximate carcinogen DMBA-3,4-dihydrodiol (15-20% of total) and DMBA-10,11-dihydrodiol (13-18% of total) but ineffective in forming the 7-hydroxymethyl derivative of DMBA (< 1% of total). Antibodies to P450EF completely inhibited the DMBA-metabolizing activities of both induced and uninduced E041 cell microsomes, with an effectiveness similar to that in microsomes prepared from identically treated 10T1/2 cells. Anti-P4501A1 had no inhibitory effect on DMBA metabolism by either induced or uninduced E041 cell microsomes. Total DMBA-metabolizing activities in BA- and TCDD-induced E041 cells were consistently 2-fold lower compared to those in similarly treated 10T1/2 cells. In addition, both induced and uninduced E041 cell microsomes formed a lower proportion of DMBA dihydrodiols relative to phenols in comparison to identically treated 10T1/2 cell microsomes (0.5 versus 1). Addition of exogenous epoxide hydrolase to E041 cell microsomes resulted in a product distribution indistinguishable from that in 10T1/2 cells. Immunoblots demonstrated 5-fold lower levels of epoxide hydrolase in E041 cell microsomes compared to 10T1/2 cell microsomes. Anti-P450EF immunoblotted a 55 kd protein in E041 cell microsomes that was induced 14-fold by BA and 6-fold by TCDD, thus paralleling the increases in the respective DMBA metabolism. It is therefore concluded that following PAH exposure endometrial stromal cells express the novel PAH-inducible mouse embryo fibroblast P450 and fail to express P4501A1.
EXISTENCE OF LIMIT CYCLES IN THE REPRESSILATOR EQUATIONS

The Repressilator is a genetic regulatory network used to model oscillatory behavior of more complex regulatory networks like the circadian clock. We prove that the Repressilator equations undergo a supercritical Hopf bifurcation as the maximal rate of protein synthesis increases, and find a large range of parameters for which there is a cycle.
Renal function and cortical blood flow during the recovery phase of acute renal failure

Renal function and cortical blood flow during the recovery phase of acute renal failure. The characteristics of the recovery process in dichromate-induced acute renal failure were determined. Rats were studied 1, 4, 7, and 14 days after the s.c. injection of either saline or potassium dichromate. In the sham-injected control animals, all values at each interval were similar. The typical pattern of acute renal failure was seen one day after dichromate injection: glomerular filtration rate (GFR) fell 80%, total renal blood flow (TRBF) was reduced 35%, the proportional flow to the outer cortex was diminished, and the urinary to plasma (U/P) inulin clearance was reduced. The early recovery phase, days 4 and 7, was characterized by: 1) a mild but significant diuresis, 2) progressive improvement in GFR and an increase in the proportional flow to the outer cortex, which actually exceeded control values, 3) a dissociation between improvement in renal function and changes in TRBF, since GFR increased progressively while TRBF remained relatively fixed, and 4) improvement in GFR that was associated with a progressive and parallel increase in absolute perfusion of the outer cortex. The present data suggest that the recovery process occurs in two stages. In the first stage, the restoration of outer cortical perfusion and renal function precedes the recovery of TRBF and tubular function, which occur during the second stage of the recovery process. Fonction renale et debit sanguin renal cortical au cours de la periode de recuperation de l'insuffisance renale aigue. Les caracteristiques du processus de recuperation apres une insuffisance renale aigue induite par le dichromate, ont ete determinees. Des rats ont ete etudies 1, 4, 7, et l4 jours apres l'injection s.c. de dichromate de potassium ou de solute sale. Chez les animaux controles, toutes les valeurs obtenues sont semblables. L'aspect typique de l'insuffisance renale aigue est observee un jour apres l'injection de dichromate: GFR diminue de 80%, le debit sanquin renal (TRBF) est reduit de 35%, la fraction de ce debit delivree au cortex superficiel diminue et le U/P de l'inuline est abaisse. La phase de recuperation precoce, aux jours 4 et 7, est caracterisee par: 1) une diurese peu importante mais significativement plus grande, 2) une amelioration progressive de GFR et une augmentation de la fraction du debit delivree au cortex superficiel, qui devient superieure aux valeurs controles, 3) une dissociation entre l'amelioration de la fonction renale indiquee par l'augmentation progressive de GFR, et TRBF qui reste relativement bas, 4) et une amelioration de GFR qui est associee a une augmentation progressive et parallele du debit absolu de perfusion du cortex superficiel. Ces resultats suggerent que le processus de recuparation survient en deux etapes. A la premiere etape, la recuperation du debit cortical superficiel et de la fonction renale precede la recuperation de TRBF et de la fonction tubulaire qui constitue la deuxieme etape.
An economically scalable Internet

Over the past decade, many observers have claimed that the Internet brings the information revolution's components together in a way that will rival the industrial revolution's effects on human productivity and quality of life. The paper discusses an economically scalable Internet, including bandwidth resources, quality of service, users' quality of experience, scalability and multicast-enabled distribution.
A light-emitting memristor

A light-emitting memristor (LEM) is reported based on a metal/mixed conductor/metal structure, where the mixed conductor is the ionic transition metal complex ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridine) with hexafluorophosphate counter ions. The device shows memory effects upon the application of an ac bias, in both current and electroluminescence intensity. The observation of memory in light emission offers the potential for optical read-out of the state of memristive devices.
Atrial Fibrillation Ablation and Heart Failure

Atrial fibrillation (AF) worsens outcome in patients with systolic heart failure and the presence of heart failure (HF) predicts a 5- to 6-fold increase in risk of AF. In addition to loss of atrial systole, AF may contribute to left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction due a rapid ventricular rate, irregularity of rhythm and exacerbation of mitral regurgitation due to atrial dilatation. Elimination of atrial fibrillation with catheter ablation can improve ejection fraction and reduce heart failure symptoms and appears superior to AV node ablation and bi-ventricular pacing. AF ablation can restore sinus rhythm in most patients with heart failure. Additional study is warranted to identify which patients will receive maximum benefit from aggressive rhythm control and to determine efficacy in patients with diastolic heart failure.
Inflammatory sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung: Report of three cases and clinicopathologic comparison with inflammatory pseudotumors in adult patients

Although the capacity for some pulmonary carcinomas to mimic sarcomas is well recognized, their potential resemblance to selected benign lesions of the lung is currently underappreciated. The authors herein report three examples of sarcomatoid bronchogenic carcinoma with a deceptively bland appearance and an investment of reactive inflammation, such that they resembled pseudotumors histologically. These lesions occurred in two men and one woman who were 44, 61, and 63 years old, respectively, at diagnosis. All patients presented with a productive cough, hemoptysis, or chest pain. Their pulmonary masses were irregularly marginated radiographically, and ranged in size from 2.5 to 5.5 cm. Two were treated with lobectomy, and one underwent a wedge excision, followed by radiotherapy to the thorax. Despite these measures, each patient with inflammatory sarcomatoid carcinoma (ISC) died of disease or is likely to do so. Microscopically, ISCs were composed of uniform spindle cell proliferations with only modest nuclear pleomorphism, limited mitotic activity, and an arrangement in fascicles, storiform configurations, or haphazard arrays. Lymphocytes and plasma cells were interspersed throughout each of them, and keloidal stromal collagen was apparent internally in two examples. Two of the neoplasms also invaded pulmonary blood vessels or bronchi. A comparison group of 10 adults with pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumors (IPs) of the fibrous histiocytoma type shared several clinical attributes with ISC and showed closely similar histological features, except that the IPs lacked mitoses and invasiveness, and contained xanthoma cells or multinucleated elements in some cases in this series. Immunohistochemical analyses showed consistent dissimilarities between ISC and IP; keratin and epithelial membrane antigen were present in ISC but not IP, whereas actin was observed only in the proliferating spindle cells of IP. In summary, the potential clinicopathologic overlap between ISC and IP suggests that caution should be exercised in the separation of these two lesions. In particular, it is unwise to attempt to make this distinction in an intraoperative frozen section setting.
Negative contrast as a function of downshifts in magnitude of sucrose concentrations in thirsty rats

In Experiment I, thirsty rats first received 1.50 cc of either 4% or 16% sucrose solution and later received.25 cc of the same solution as before. Control subjects received.25 cc of the appropriate solution throughout. In Experiment II, experimental subjects were shifted from 1.75 cc of 8% to.20 cc of the same solution, but all subjects were later given 1.75 cc sucrose reward. In neither experiment was a reliable negative contrast effect obtained. However, in Experiment II a significant positive-contrast-like effect was obtained. The results were discussed in terms of the older theories of Crespi and Helson as well as the new theory of Capaldi, all three of which emphasize a relative rather than an absolute view of reinforcement.
Embedded silver nanoparticle fabrication for surface plasmon-enhanced silicon photovoltaics

To reduce cost and maintain viability of silicon-based solar cells for commercial applications, the absorption of thin silicon films, on the order of a few microns, must be enhanced. We are developing a method to increase absorption across the solar spectrum by exploiting the enhanced electric near field caused by surface modes of excited metallic particles. Previous research in the field has focused on deposition of these particles on a passivated Si surface, a technique that scatters light in directions lateral to the cell, but does not promote direct carrier generation, as the near field enhancement is too far from the Si itself. Consequently, we have developed a method using ion implantation and thermal evaporation to fabricate Ag nanoparticles below the Si surface, near the p-n junction, where the enhanced near field can greatly enhance the absorptive response of the silicon solar cell.
Brain ventricle volume correlates with effortful control in healthy young males

The neuroanatomical correlates of temperament in human have been examined extensively but not comprehensively. Most studies have focused on certain brain regions of gray and white matter, such as prefrontal cortex, amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, etc, however, less is known about the contribution of other areas to human temperament [1-4]. Previous studies have shown that brain ventricle is related to psychiatric diseases, which exemplify problems in self-control, here we sought to explore whether the size of brain ventricle is associated with individual differences in temperament in healthy college students. Thirty-eight subjects (21 males, 17 females, age 18-23 years) were selected randomly, and scanned using a three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetization-prepared gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence on a Siemens 3T Allegra scanner to acquire anatomic data, which were then segmented by FreeSufer and calculated for volume. Individual temperament was assessed using the Adult Temperament Questionnaire (ATQ)[5], and scores of each scale were then correlated with the ventricular volume. We found a positive correlation between the volume of fourth ventricle and effortful control (one of the four core temperament dimensions in ATQ) in males (r=0.485, p=0.026), suggesting that males with larger fourth ventricle volume, have great capacity to focus and direct attention, and inhibit inappropriate behavior. However, no significant correlation was detected in females.