cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
X-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy and Auger-electron-spectroscopy study of ultrathin palladium films on a Pt(111) substrate.

We have studied ultrathin palladium films vacuum deposited onto a Pt(111) substrate utilizing Auger-electron spectroscopy (AES), low-energy electron diffraction, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The AES results fit well to a layer-by-layer growth deposition. Below a coverage of 4 monolayers, the electron-diffraction data only show a (1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) structure of palladium adatoms on the Pt(111) substrate, supporting the Frank--van der Merve growth mechanism. In contrast to two-dimensional palladium clusters and palladium bimetallic systems, the Pd 3d core-level binding energy of palladium on Pt(111) shifts toward lower binding energy relative to the value of bulk palladium with decreasing palladium overlayer coverage. This negative binding-energy shift of a surface adatom core level results mainly from the initial-state band-narrowing effect predicted by Citrin, Wertheim, and Baer. Also, the absence of the final-state effect after creating a core hole in the Pd/Pt(111) system indicates that efficient screening or very fast relaxation occurs, and that hybridization of the valence bands of the palladium adlayer and the platinum substrate plays an implortant role in the negative surface-atom binding-energy shift of the Pd 3d core level.
Electronic point-of-sale terminals: a position paper

The electronic point-of-sale terminal is the newest form of computer technology being introduced into the retail industry. Industry interest in the terminal is focused on its potentially great advantages for retailers in improving their productivity and performance in merchandise control and credit customer control. The electronic point-of-sale terminal's appeal over the standard cash register lies in its potential for impacting the total merchandise system through increasing the speed and accuracy of transactions and providing a method of capturing greater quantities of data essential to the effective management of the merchandise system. At the check-out counter, the terminal equipped with an automatic reading device and credit verification equipment will permit the rapid completion of the sales transaction and, at the same time, capture and enter into the central system all the data necessary for closer, more effective control of the merchandise system.
Fiber-based solutions for in-door multi-Gbit/s wireless access

Growth of wireless technologies requires high-capacity and energy-efficient infrastructures. Fiber-based RoF solutions provide multi-Gbit/s capacity with easy-upgrade, cost-effective and energy efficient features.
The deformation and fatigue characteristics of 1Cr1Mo0.25V steel cycled at room temperature and an elevated temperature

Abstract CrMoV rotor steel has been cycled to failure with and without tensile holds over a wide range of high strain amplitudes and at both room temperature and 823 K. The damage mechanisms have been examined by scanning electron microscopy observations of the gauge surfaces, of sections and of the fracture surfaces. The fatigue life in continuous cycling is not affected by temperature at the relatively high strain rate used but cycling with hold acts to reduce the life to crack initiation and also accelerates crack propagation. Much evidence of creep damage, including grain boundary cavitation, wedge-type cracking and cavitation at MnS inclusions, has been found, being promoted by high strain amplitudes and tensile holds. However, the life is dominated by fatigue mechanisms which seem to ignore the creep-type damage for the straining conditions used here.
Ambulance diversion reduction and elimination: the 3-2-1 plan.

Abstract Background The diversion of ambulances from their intended emergency departments (EDs) occurs frequently, compromising patient care. Previously, we reduced ambulance diversion (AD) by 74% in a large urban area with 17 EDs. Objectives In this follow-up program, we sought to further reduce and eliminate AD by progressively reducing the duration of each AD event. Methods Using tight diversion criteria, AD at each ED was limited by protocol to 3h at a stretch, after which incoming ambulances had to be accepted at that ED for at least 1h. After 6 months, AD was limited to 2h per diversion event; after another 6 months, AD was limited to 1h. The monitoring for AD was programmed into a region-wide, Internet-based Emergency Medical Services (EMS) program. Results Total annual AD decreased from 8469h in 2006 (pre-implementation) to 4592h in 2007 (during implementation), and finally to 2439h and 2306h in 2008 and 2009 (post-implementation), respectively, an 87.4% (95% confidence interval 64.6–95.5%) reduction, and one county within the region eliminated AD altogether. From 2006 to 2009, overall increases were noted in EMS arrivals (7.8%), ED census (13.0%), hospital admissions (6.6%), Intensive Care Unit admissions (17.1%), and overall Sacramento population (1.9%). Conclusions By limiting the duration of AD events to progressively shorter periods of time using a region-wide, Internet-based EMS program, we reduced AD hours in 17 EDs by 87.4% and eliminated AD in one entire county. This original, collaborative 3-2-1 Plan may be readily reproduced across the country to progressively reduce and eliminate AD.
Nonlinear vibration of beams and rectangular plates

Der Einfluss von Vorspannungen auf die freien und erzwungenen nichtlinearen Schwingungen von Balken und rechteckigen Platten wird mittels einer einfachen Erweiterung der Losungen fur Falle ohne Vorspannung untersucht. Es wird eine einzige Koordinatenfunktion benutzt; es werden einfach aufgelegte und eingespannte Falle betrachtet; und die Diskussion wird auch auf den uberkritischen Bereich ausgedehnt.
Brain tissue charcterization using spectral imaging: a potential clinical tool

Spectral imaging as a modality combines two powerful techniques of imaging and fluorescence spectroscopy. By generating a 2-D image of an object with fluorescence information at every pixel, spectral imaging has the potential to provide clinicians with a valuable tool which can not only diagnosis the tissue but also provide an image of the boundary of where the normal and cancerous tissue intersect. The system used in these experiments was a modified spectral imaging system from Applied Spectral Imaging (SD-200, Carlsbad, CA). The system was mounted in an off-microscope configuration so that instead of performing microscopic measurements of tissue, macroscopic measurements on the order of several millimeters in size were collected. Preliminary results indicate that the spectra acquired from human brain tissues in vitro at individual pixels of the spectral image cube appear similar to that acquired using the single pixel system. Based on the findings of this study, spectral imaging has the potential to be a useful tool for tissue diagnostics and is currently limited by the speed of data acquisition and size of the data.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A new limit on time-reversal violation in beta decay: Results of the emiTII experiment

We have measured the triple correlation D〈Jn〉 · (pe × pv) with a polarized cold-neutron beam at the NIST Center for Neutron Research by observing proton-electron coincidences in the decay of polarized neutrons. A non-zero value of D can arise due to parity-even-time-reversal-odd interactions that imply CP violation due to the CPT theorem. Final-state effects also contribute to D at the level of 10−5 and can be calculated with precision of 1% or better. The D coefficient is sensitive to the phase, of λ the ratio of axial-vector and vector amplitudes as well as to scalar and tensor interactions that could arise due to beyond-Standard-Model physics such as leptoquarks. Over 300 million proton-electron coincidence events were used in a blind analysis with the result D = [−0.96±1.89(stat)±1.01(sys)]×10−4.
CAEVA: A customizable and adaptive event aggregation framework for collaborative broker overlays

The publish-subscribe (pub-sub) paradigm is maturing and integrating into community-oriented collaborative applications. Because of this, pub-sub systems are faced with an event stream that may potentially contain large numbers of redundant and partial messages. Most pub-sub systems view partial and redundant messages as unique, which wastes resources not only at routers, but also at possibly resource constrained subscribers. In this paper, we present Caeva, a customizable and adaptive event aggregation framework. The design of Caeva exhibits three novel features. First, the tasks of merging messages and eliminating redundancies are shared among multiple, physically distributed brokers called aggregators. Second, we design a decentralized aggregator placement scheme that continuously adapts to decrease messaging overheads in the face of changing event publishing patterns. Third, we allow subscribers to choose a notification schedule that meets their specific needs. Results of extensive experiments show that Caeva is quite effective in providing flexibility and efficiency.
Overview of the TFTR Computer System

The Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) is an experimental device built to study the physics and engineering problems of magnetically confined plasmas with temperatures and densities close to those that would exist in an actual fusion reactor. One of the prime goals of TFTR is to reach scientific breakeven, which is defined as the point where the amount of power used to maintain plasma temperatures is equal to the amount of power released through fusion reactions. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the computer system that provides the control, monitoring, data collection and analysis functions for TFTR.
Field dependence and short-term memory.

Summary.-This study examined the relationship between field dependence and short-term memory. It was predicted that relatively field-independent individuals would perform better on short-term memory tests in which a large amount of interference is assumed to be present than would individuals who are more field-dependent. Subjects' appraisals of their own attentional facilicy, as well as their thoughts and feelings about the experimental tasks, were also elicited, and were looked at in terms of their relationship to field dependence and short-term memory. The concept of field independence has been developed on the basis of studies of perception carried out by Witkin, et al. ( 1954). In these consistent individual differences were found in ability to detect the upright accurately under a variety of conditions and in the ability to recognize a previously seen simple figure when it was embedded in a complex one. There was a significant correlation between these two abilities and a part of the shared variance of the two tasks was thought to be their Arnrnon requirement to extract a figure from an embedding context. Witkin and his associates later broadened their conception of field independence, regarding it as a reflection of psychological differentiation (Witkin, et al., 1962). Two other conceptions of field independence are most crucial in the present study. A motivational dimension, a task vs a social orientation, has been proposed by Goldberger and his collaborators, along which people differ depending upon their particular way of adapting to reality and trying to satisfy their needs. This conception is based upon studies in which it was found that social cues, such as photographs of people (Crutchfield, Woodworth, & Albrecht, 1958) and words relevant to social interaction (Fitzgibbons, Goldberger, & Eagle, 1965), are of special interest to field-dependent individuals, while fieldindependent people show a predilection for cues which are relevant to the experimental task at hand (Eagle, Fitzgibbons, & Goldberger, 1966) and which are neutral rather than socially relevant (Eagle, Goldberger, & Breitman, 1969). Gardner, Jackson, and Messick ( 1960), who use the term field articulation in place of field independence, describe it as the abiliry to focus attention upon the most relevant aspects of a stimulus, based on the finding that people who are good at extracting embedded items from their contexts also tend to be good at attending to the context, rather than to the embedded item, if that seems more appropriate to the task before them (Gardner, et al., 1959).
Stimulation of Live C4ISR Experimentation Environments by Using HPC Simulation

As the Army’s operational paradigm shifts toward Network-Centric Warfare (NCW), the use of high performance computing (HPC) assets to aid experimentation in Live, Virtual, and Constructive (L/V/C) environments has become increasingly valuable. Army networks are evolving from hundreds to thousands, to tens-of-thousands of communicating entities, which use an increasing variety of applications, host computers, routers, switches, and radio systems. Live test and evaluation of large, complex, C4ISR System of Systems (SoS) is quickly becoming impractical due to cost and component availability. Additionally, as the Army evolves its experimentation abilities, systems must not only be tested as individual systems, but must also be tested as a part of the larger Warfighter SoS capability. The use of an HPC-enabled L/V/C environment to aid in stimulating, scaling, and analyzing these C4ISR SoS technologies is a solution that PM C4ISR On-The-Move (OTM) leveraged heavily during experiments conducted at Fort Dix, NJ, during 2008.
Attachment in preterm infants and their mothers: Neonatal risk status and maternal representations

High-risk neonatal status, indexed by an intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and maternal representations of past and present attachment relationships were examined as predictors of infant attachment in a sample of preterm infants. Participants included 50 19-month-old infants and their middle-class, predominantly African American mothers. A maternal-report questionnaire and a structured interview were used to assess past relationship history with mother and current relationship with infant, respectively. The Strange Situation Paradigm was used to assess attachment security. Multiple logistic regression analyses suggested that maternal representation of the infant—but not ICH or maternal childhood history—significantly predicted infant attachment security. ICH and maternal history of childhood rejection were predictive of disorganized infant attachment. The findings are consistent with previous data that suggest that maternal factors are more important than infant factors in determining infant attachment security. These data also suggest that neurological deficits may contribute to disorganized infant attachment. © 2000 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Nonparametric Regression with Sample Design Following a Random Process

Nonparametric regression is considered where the sample point placement is not fixed and equispaced, but generated by a random process with rate n. Conditions are found for the random processes that result in optimal rates of convergence for nonparametric regression when using a block thresholded wavelet estimator. Previous results on nonparametric regression via wavelets on both fixed and random sample point placement are shown to be special cases of the general result given here. The estimator is adaptive over a large range of Holder function spaces and the convergence rate exhibited is an improvement over term-by-term wavelet estimators. Threshold selection is implemented in a data-adaptive fashion, rather than using a fixed threshold as is usually done in block thresholding. This estimator, BlockSure, is compared against fixed-threshold block estimators and the more traditional term-by-term threshold wavelet estimators on several random design schemes via simulations.
A systematic treatment of vector analysis

A systematic method of treating vector analysis is presented. A general definition of an operational expression containing a new symbolic operator, independent of the choice of coordinate system, is the foundation of the subsequent developments which include an algebraic method of deriving vector identities and the formulation of a generalized Gauss theorem. Vector analysis on a surface is formulated in a similar manner by introducing a symbolic operator for a surface. A generalized Gauss theorem for a surface is formulated that enables the deduction of all the important theorems involving the surface gradient, the surface divergence, and the surface curl. The relationship between the present formulation and the classic work of Weatherburn is pointed out. >
Effect of mutual coupling and correlated fading on receive diversity systems using compact antenna arrays and noisy channel estimates

The effect of mutual coupling and correlated fading on a receive diversity system employing a compact linear array of dipoles and noisy channel estimates is studied analytically in this paper. For a compact antenna array, the system performance depends on the interplay between diversity and mutual coupling, and it may not always improve with the addition of an antenna element in the presence of mutual coupling.
Modular interfaces for on-line applications

Analog signals, generated by BASIC R/T plot commands, are used to control a modular interface system. The interface system converts the analog signals to either BCD or decimal formulated pulses which are used to drive up to 10 relays. The system is coupled to a LAB 8/E minicomputer that permits precise timing of intersignal intervals as well as the simultaneous recording of many response variables.
Factors Associated with Positive Direct Antiglobulin Tests in Pretransfusion Patients: A Case‐Control Study

During routine pretransfusion testing, the presence of IgG on patient red cells is suggested by a positive autocontrol and confirmed by a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) using monospecific anti-IgG sera. Most IgG on patient red cells detected in this manner are of unknown etiology. We recently showed an association between elevated serum globulin levels and positive DAT with unreactive eluate in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In the present study, we wished to determine whether elevated serum globulin levels contribute to some of the positive DAT encountered in pretransfusion testing of patients without AIDS. 76 patients with positive DAT were compared with 90 controls without IgG detected on their red cells during pretransfusion testing. The rate of elevated serum globulin levels was 75% in positive DAT cases versus 29% in controls (p less than 0.001); the odds ratio was 7.6. Elevated blood urea nitrogen levels occurred in 42% of cases versus 19% of controls (p less than 0.025); the odds ratio was 3.1. Cases and controls were not significantly different with regard to age, sex, race, quinidine usage, or hyperalimentation. Elevated serum globulin and blood urea nitrogen levels are significantly associated with a positive DAT with unreactive eluate in pretransfusion patients.
The Evolution of Organizations: Suggestions from Complexity Theory About the Interplay Between Natural Selection and Adaptation

There has been much debate in the managementliterature between neo-Darwinists (who believe in thenatural selection of populations of organizations) andadaptationists (who contend that changes in organization structure and behavior occur in response to theenvironment). The general thesis of neo-Darwinism isthat species are blindly selected for survival by theenvironment. The latest empirical support for the dominant neo-Darwinism perspective adopted bymost biologists is based primarily on the experimentsconducted by Salvador Luria who claims to haveconclusively demonstrated that genes mutate randomly.Recently, however, biologists have re-examined Luria sresearch methods and, after replications of hisexperiments, now question some aspects of the validityof his results. Moreover, there is now new researchwhich provides support for the earlier adaptationistposition, namely, the existence of evolutionary driversand directors existing within self-organizing systems.Of particular importance to the present study is the experimental indication thatself-organizing systems play a conscious role in theirown evolution. We propose that similar mechanisms orprocesses operate in organizational adaptation, thuspointing toward a theoretical modification ofneo-Darwinism that embraces both adaptation and naturalselection in a general, unified theory.
Macromodeling CMOS circuits for event driven simulation

Using a piece-wise linear source for modeling the input transitions, the logic delays and output transition times are characterized and accurately macromodeled with errors typically less than 1%. Two different logic levels are used at the 70% and 30% points in the transitions to define the "logic events" to circumvent characterized negative delay times. Input capacitance characterization which includes the Miller effect is described. Comparisons of HSpice simulations versus the event simulations for example logic blocks typically result in differences of less than 10%. >
Decision-making and addiction (part II): myopia for the future or hypersensitivity to reward?

On a decision-making instrument known as the "gambling task" (GT), a subgroup of substance dependent individuals (SDI) opted for choices that yield high immediate gains in spite of higher future losses. This resembles the behavior of patients with ventromedial (VM) prefrontal cortex lesions. In this study, we addressed the possibility that hypersensitivity to reward may account for the "myopia" for the future in this subgroup of SDI. We used a variant version of the GT, in which the good decks yielded high immediate punishment but higher delayed reward. The bad decks yielded low immediate punishment and lower delayed reward. We measured the skin conductance response (SCR) of subjects after receiving reward (reward SCR) and during their pondering from which deck to choose (anticipatory SCR). A subgroup of SDI who was not impaired on the original GT performed normally on the variant GT. The subgroup of SDI who was impaired on the original GT showed two levels of performance on the variant GT. One subgroup (36% of the sample) performed poorly on the variant GT, and showed similar behavioral and physiological impairments to VM patients. The other subgroup of SDI (64% of the sample) performed normally on the variant task, but had abnormally large physiological responses to reward, i.e. large SCR after receiving reward (reward SCR) and large SCR in anticipation of outcomes that yield large reward. Thus, the combined cognitive and physiological approach of assessing decision-making characterizes three sub-populations of SDI. One sub-population is without impairments that can be detected by any measure of the GT paradigm. Another sub-population is similar to VM patients in that they are insensitive to the future, both positive and negative. A third sub-population is hypersensitive to reward, so that the presence or the prospect of receiving, reward dominates their behavior.
Drinking behavior among older adults at a continuing care retirement community: affective and motivational influences

Objectives: The purpose of this pilot study was to describe patterns of alcohol consumption among continuing care retirement community(CCRC) residents and to explore the role of drinking motives and affective states on drinking context and consumption.Method: We utilized a phone-based daily diary approach to survey older adults about their daily alcohol consumption, context of drinking (e.g. drinking alone), positive and negative affect, and their motives for drinking. Data were analyzed descriptively, and regression models were developed to examine associations between sociodemographic factors, affect, drinking context and motives, and alcohol consumption.Results: CCRC residents drank most frequently at home and were alone almost half of drinking days on average, although the context of drinking varied considerably by participant. Problem alcohol use was rare, but hazardous use due to specific comorbidities, symptoms and medications, and the amount of alcohol consumption was common. Respondents endorsed ...
Training Counseling Psychologists as Social Justice Agents Feminist and Multicultural Principles in Action

Despite recent calls for counseling psychology to embrace social justice-oriented work, there has been little discussion about what such work actually looks like. The first part of this article derives a set of principles from feminist and multicultural counseling theories that counseling psychologists should consider as they engage in social justice work. These include (a) ongoing self-examination,(b) sharing power, (c) giving voice, (d) facilitating consciousness raising, (e) building on strengths, and(f) leaving clients the tools to work toward social change. The second part of the article describes a program designed to integrate social justice work into the core curriculum of the Boston College doctoral program. The authors discuss ways in which the above principles have shaped students; activities, and some of the ethical dilemmas that have emerged. Finally, the article under-scores professional obstacles that counseling psychologists doing social justice work are likely to face, and offers recommen...
Conservation of genes and processes controlled by the quorum response in bacteria: characterization of genes controlled by the quorum-sensing transcription factor ComA in Bacillus subtilis

Quorum or diffusion responses in bacteria are mediated by secreted signalling molecules that accumulate extracellularly as cultures grow to high density. The regulatory response to these signalling molecules can result in dramatic changes in gene expression. In Bacillus subtilis, a quorum response is mediated by a secreted 10-amino-acid modified peptide (ComX pheromone) that activates a receptor histidine kinase (ComP) that activates a response regulator transcription factor (ComA). We have used DNA microarrays to identify genes controlled by the ComX-ComP-ComA quorum-sensing pathway. We found that ComX, ComP and ComA affect the same set of genes, indicating that the kinase ComP is the only receptor for the signalling molecule ComX, and that ComA is the only transcription factor activated directly by ComP, under the conditions tested. Expression of over 20 genes appears to be controlled directly by this signalling pathway, and expression of over 150 additional genes, including those involved in competence development, appears to be controlled indirectly. The genes affected appear to have three general functions: (i) to co-ordinate physiological changes involved in developmental pathways, (ii) to produce extracellular products under conditions in which high concentrations of product are needed to be effective and (iii) to enhance survival, growth and colonization under conditions of crowding or limited diffusion. Many of the genes and processes controlled by the quorum response in B. subtilis are also regulated by quorum sensing in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The quorum-sensing signalling molecules and regulatory proteins are quite different between Gram-positives and Gram-negatives and the convergent physiological regulation of similar genes and processes indicate the important and conserved nature of the quorum response.
Three-dimensional photonic-crystal emission through thermal excitation

A three-dimensional tungsten photonic crystal is thermally excited and shown to emit light at a narrow band, λ = 3.3–4.25 μ m . The emission is experimentally observed to exceed that of the free-space Planck radiation over a wide temperature range, T = 475–850 K . It is proposed that an enhanced density of state associated with the propagating electromagnetic Bloch waves in the photonic crystal is responsible for this experimental finding.
Three-dimensional yokeless magnets

The generation of a uniform field in a cubic cavity enclosed by a permanent magnet composed of uniformly magnetized polyhedrons of magnetic material is discussed. In the three-dimensional yokeless magnet considered, the ratio of the volume of the layers to the volume of the cavity is equal to 85% of the same ratio of volumes per unit length of the two-dimensional yokeless magnet. In spite of this, the figure of merit is lower, because of the addition of an external layer. The external layer, required to confine the field, does not contribute to the field in the cavity, and therefore its function is similar to that of the external layer of the spherical magnet. >
Collagen type IV gene expression in human optic nerve heads with primary open angle glaucoma.

Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated proliferation of basement membranes in the optic nerve head in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). We used in situ hybridization (ISH) of a radiolabeled riboprobe specific for human collagen IV, a ubiquitous component of basement membranes, to identify cells actively synthesizing basement membranes in the optic nerve head in POAG. In addition, to detect and further characterize the collagen IV mRNA transcripts, we used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in total RNA extracted from individual optic nerve heads with POAG and from age-matched normal controls. ISH results demonstrate that, in POAG, numerous astrocytes in the prelaminar region expressed collagen IV mRNA. Lamina cribrosa cells and astrocytes in the compressed lamina cribrosa hybridized the probe. Few astrocytes and lamina cribrosa cells hybridized the probe in the optic nerve head of normal age-matched controls. RT-PCR products for collagen IV and for glyceraldehyde-3-dehydrogenase (G3PDH), a reference gene, were detected by agarose electrophoresis as single bands of the expected sizes and positively identified by Southern hybridization using specific cDNA probes in normal and POAG samples. No additional products (bands) were observed in RT-PCR experiments, indicating that there was no genomic DNA contamination in the total RNA extract. The lack of additional bands suggests that, at least in the ten samples used in this study, there were no alternatively spliced RNA products in any of the amplified sequences. Semi-quantitative analyses using densitometry showed a two-fold increase in collagen type IV PCR present in POAG samples. No differences were detected in levels of G3PDH PCR products between POAG and normal samples. This investigation provides evidence of increased biosynthesis of collagen type IV at the mRNA level in optic nerve heads with POAG. Whether this phenomenon represents a response to elevated intraocular pressure or a reparative mechanism to the loss of axons remains to be determined.
Accuracy of contacts calculated from 3D images of occlusal surfaces.

Abstract Objectives Compare occlusal contacts calculated from 3D virtual models created from clinical records to contacts identified clinically using shimstock and transillumination. Methods Upper and lower full arch alginate impressions and vinyl polysiloxane centric interocclusal records were made of 12 subjects. Stone casts made from the alginate impressions and the interocclusal records were optically scanned. Three-dimensional virtual models of the dental arches and interocclusal records were constructed using the Virtual Dental Patient Software©. Contacts calculated from the virtual interocclusal records and from the aligned upper and lower virtual arch models were compared to those identified clinically using 0.01 mm shimstock and transillumination of the interocclusal record. Virtual contacts and transillumination contacts were compared by anatomical region and by contacting tooth pairs to shimstock contacts. Because there is no accepted standard for identifying occlusal contacts, methods were compared in pairs with one labeled “standard” and the second labeled “test”. Accuracy was defined as the number of contacts and non-contacts of the “test” that were in agreement with the “standard” divided by the total number of contacts and non-contacts of the “standard”. Results Accuracy of occlusal contacts calculated from virtual interocclusal records and aligned virtual casts compared to transillumination were: 0.87 ± 0.05 and 0.84 ± 0.06 by region and 0.95 ± 0.07 and 0.95 ± 0.05 by tooth, respectively. Comparisons with shimstock were: 0.85 ± 0.15 (record), 0.84 ± 0.14 (casts), and 81 ± 17 (transillumination). Conclusions The virtual record, aligned virtual arches, and transillumination methods of identifying contacts are equivalent, and show better agreement with each other than with the shimstock method.
A Critical Analysis of Accounting For Certain Debt Transactions

In the course of teaching intermediate accounting over the past decade, I have often had my students analyze a particular APB Opinion or FASB Standard in the belief that this exercise would not only increase their understanding of the technical provisions of the promulgation, but also the rationale of the standard-setting body in arriving at its provisions.
Reply to “Statins may decrease the Fatality Rate of MERS Infection”

Since the emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) on the Arabian Peninsula in 2012, there has been a steady stream of MERS cases geographically focused in the Middle East, indicating that either zoonotic transmission from camel to human or person-to-person transmission likely takes place on a frequent basis (1). As reaffirmed by the recent MERS outbreak in South Korea, highly pathogenic coronaviruses are capable of causing epidemics affecting hundreds of individuals as a result of sustained person-to-person transmission in nosocomial settings that can be linked to a single traveler who became an index patient (2). Currently, the best public health strategy to circumvent sustained coronavirus transmission in an outbreak situation is to quarantine individuals who have a history of contact with confirmed cases of MERS. In the most recent outbreak in South Korea, this led to the isolation and monitoring of more than 16,000 individuals, a feat that may not be economically or logistically feasible in future outbreaks (2). Due to the diversity and presence of prepandemic zoonotic coronaviruses in bat populations, we may expect …
Tumors of the minor salivary glands; a study of twenty-three cases.

Abstract One hundred eighty-one previously reported cases of minor salivary gland tumors have been reviewed, and twenty-three additional cases of these tumors have been described. These new cases fell into the following groups: pleomorphic adenomas (4), canalicular adenomas (4), myoepitheliomas (3), mucocyst adenoma (1), fibroadenomas (3), mucoepidermoid tumors (6), and adenocarcinomas (2). Various special stains were used to demonstrate the cellular elements of these tumors. Mucicarmine stain demonstrated that the so-called “pseudocartilage” of the pleomorphic adenomas is a result of admixture of mucin and stromal materials into which the parenchymal cells are incorporated. Relatively rare canalicular adenomas and myoepitheliomas are described. These tumors consist almost exclusively of ductal cells and myoepithelium, respectively. A benign tumor of unusual morphology is described for the first time. It consisted of sheets of an eosinophilic polygonal cell with interspersed pools of mucin. This neoplasm was termed mucocystadenoma . Since, from the microscopic picture alone, the innocence or the malignancy of mucoepidermoid tumors cannot be established, these tumors were not subdivided into the malignant and benign varieties. It is suggested that all mucoepidermoid tumors be considered malignant or potentially malignant. The most common site of origin of the tumors of minor salivary glands was found to be the palate, and the most common neoplasm was the mucoepidermoid tumor. This is in contrast to the tumors of the major salivary glands, the majority of which are pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland. Because of their size and location, most of the reported tumors of the minor salivary glands were clinically misdiagnosed as mucoceles or fibromas.
Case Management and Assertive Community Treatment

For nearly 50 years, case management has been the keystone of community mental health care for people with serious mental illnesses, essential for optimal treatment and support. Specific models of case management have emerged and evolved in response to inadequacies in systems of care at any particular time. Many of these models have been further refined as part of the evidence-based practices movement in an attempt to bind together an array of effective services called evidence-based practices. But much has changed in the past few years that will challenge the future development and effectiveness of case management. Basic social supports have eroded. People with mental illnesses have been shunted into the criminal justice system. Psychiatrists in community mental health centers have been marginalized. Medical comorbidities and early mortality have become salient and have probably increased. Insurance payments to the pharmaceutical industry and to managed care companies have increased while payments for psychosocial supports have decreased. And at the same time that services have deteriorated, expectations have increased!
Orientation to Landmarks within the Preferred Habitat by Peromyscus leucopus

A field study was conducted in two woodlots to identify the major physical features of the habitat that Peromyscus leucopus uses in short-range orientation and navigation, and to which it is responsive in the process of habitat selection. In one woodlot, landmarks used for short-range orientational and navigational aids were trees, logs (fallen branches and tree trunks), rocks, stone fences, and rock piles. In the other woodlot, trees (particularly those of large diameter) were important but logs and rocks were avoided to some extent. For both woodlots, areas with high densities of woody stems were avoided; logs were not important as refuge sites.
Role of Surfactants in Suppressing Aging of Silica−Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Gels

Gels formed by mixing fine silica powders and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) transform into viscous fluids over a period of a few days. By adding small amounts (a few weight percent) of surfactant-like block copolymers to the gel, we are able to slow down the aging process significantly, increasing the aging time constant by more than 700-fold in some samples. This aging process is closely associated with the adsorption of PDMS onto silica surfaces. We propose a model in which surfactant and PDMS polymers compete for adsorption sites on silica after “poison” molecules desorb from these sites. This model predicts that the coating of silica by surfactants and PDMS grows with a characteristic time constant, and that this time constant depends on surfactant concentration with an equation that is similar to the Langmuir isotherm. This model gives an excellent fit for our experimental data. Our analysis indicates that the “poisons” are water molecules physically adsorbed on surface silanol groups on silica.
Catheptic activity of leukocytes in normal and leukemic subjects.

1. A method has been described for the determination of the catheptic activity of leukocytes. 2. The catheptic activity of the leukocytes of normal and leukemic individuals has been investigated. 3. The leukocytes from all cases of untreated lymphatic leukemia, either chronic or acute, show lower catheptic activity than the leukocytes from any of the untreated myelogenous leukemias, either chronic or acute; the values for normal cases ranged between these two classes with much overlap. See PDF for Table 4. The lymphocyte fractions separated from the blood of normal subjects possess essentially the same catheptic activity as the total unfractionated leukocyte populations. 5. An attempt to isolate granulocytes from the blood of normal subjects for separate analysis was not successful.
PFGE analysis on multiple serotypes Vibrio parahaemolyticus of food poisoning

[Objective]By using the traditional culture method and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) typing technique,to isolate the strains of food poisoning cases caused by multiple serotypes Vibrio parahaemolyticus,compare their serotype,virulence,drug resistance and homology.[Methods]After the conventional identification,serological typing,analysis of virulence and drug resistance in the strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus,PFGE was conducted to identify their molecular typing.[Results]A total of 8 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were isolated from food poisoning patients,which included 4 strains of O3: K6 and 3 strains of O4: K8,while 1 case failed to typing.PFGE clustering research showed that those strains belonged to five distinct PFGE type.The isolated strains were resistant to ampicillin and positive for thermostable direct hemolysin gene(TDH).[Conclusion]PFGE clustering analysis concluded that this food poisoning event is caused by different Vibrio parahaemolyticus,and all strains are positive for TDH.PFGE typing is more suitable for homologous analysis of strains and infectious source tracking.
Rethinking Activism and Expertise within Environmental Health Conflicts

This review presents the contributions of research on the intersection of science and social movements, its theoretical and methodological limitations, and potential solutions for its further development. Three different types of relationships between activism and knowledge have been identified within environmental health conflicts: (i) lay – activists requesting help from sympathetic scientists in order to conduct independent studies; (ii) expert – activists promoting new research agendas and sub-fields within established scientific disciplines; and (iii) expert – activists acting beyond the limits of the academic community and partnering with social movements. In this review, I argue that much of the existing literature considers expertise as “something” possessed by individuals, and heavily emphasizes the difference between “lay” and “expert” activists. This entails two main theoretical reductionisms: (i) reification of knowledge; and (ii) overlooking the contribution of activism to expertise and vice versa. I propose considering expertise as the property of a network and focusing future research within environmental health conflicts on the co-emergence and construction of a network of expertise (Eyal 2013) or ethno-epistemic assemblage (Irwin & Michael 2003) and social movements. Through this symmetrical network approach, we will be able to develop a more consistent theory of the co-production of activism and expertise, as well as its political implication to fight environmental health injustice.
Bit error rate measurements of a 4 × 4 Si-Photonic switch using synchronous and asynchronous data

The bit error rate (BER) of a 4 × 4 Si-Photonics switch chip is characterized using four independent 10-Gb/s datastreams that are clock-synchronous or clock-asynchronous in a FPGA-based system test bed. Clear effects on the BER were seen as a result of on-chip crosstalk.
LQG Dynamic Games with a Control-Sharing Information Pattern

“Zero-sum” linear-quadratic Gaussian dynamic games (LQGDGs) where the players have partial information are considered. The players’ initial state information and their measurements are private information, but each player is able to observe his antagonist’s past inputs: The protagonists’ past controls are shared information. Although this is a game with partial information, the control-sharing information pattern renders the game amenable to solution by Dynamic Programming. Three Riccati equations and a Lyapunov equation must be solved. The solution of LQGDGs with a control-sharing information pattern is obtained in closed-form.
Introduction to the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation devices.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is an ancient but newly discovered modality. Initially intended for use in chronic pain syndromes, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation may be even more useful in managing acute pain. Although procedures for the use of this device are relatively simple, additional knowledge about selecting and adjusting the device as well as clinical experience will largely determine the degree of success obtained with this modality. Adjusting transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation units can alter the stimulus efficiency. No one wave-form is the most effective, but characteristics of effective wave-forms are known. In addition, the patient must be knowledgeable and cooperative when transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is applied.
Chapter 11 – Fabrication of Artificial Bacteria for Targeted Drug Delivery

Recent developments in microrobotics demonstrate the potential to integrate microrobotic principles into drug delivery systems. Existing drug delivery technology is practically applicable for administrating pharmaceutical agents to targeted areas, but direct administration to targeted tissues and organs is still a great challenge. It is envisioned that the propulsive capability of microrobotic swimmers can enhance the targeting capability of current systems by providing specificity and minimizing side effects and complications for patients. The examination of the effective navigation of microorganisms in the human body created the question of whether biomimetic devices could mimic the swimming strategy and adaptive properties of bacteria. This chapter discusses in detail the concept behind microswimmer, or artificial bacteria, design that directly utilizes bacterial flagella for propulsion, allowing the microswimmer to closely mimic live bacteria.
Risperidone Effects on Brain Dynamic Connectivity-A Prospective Resting-State fMRI Study in Schizophrenia.

Resting-state functional connectivity studies in schizophrenia evaluating average connectivity over the entire experiment have reported aberrant network integration, but findings are variable. Examining time-varying (dynamic) functional connectivity may help explain some inconsistencies. We assessed dynamic network connectivity using resting-state functional MRI in patients with schizophrenia, while unmedicated (n=34), after one (n=29), and six weeks of treatment with risperidone (n=24), as well as matched controls at baseline (n=35) and after six weeks (n=19). After identifying 41 independent components (ICs) comprising resting-state networks, sliding window analysis was performed on IC timecourses using an optimal window size validated with linear support vector machines. Windowed correlation matrices were then clustered into 3 discrete connectivity states (a relatively sparsely connected state, a relatively abundantly connected state, and an intermediately connected state). In unmedicated patients, static connectivity was increased between five pairs of ICs and decreased between two pairs of ICs when compared to controls, dynamic connectivity showed increased connectivity between the thalamus and somatomotor network in one of the three states. State statistics indicated that, in comparison to controls, unmedicated patients had shorter mean dwell times and fraction of time spent in the sparsely connected state, and longer dwell times and fraction of time spent in the intermediately connected state. Risperidone appeared to normalize mean dwell times after six weeks, but not fraction of time. Results suggest that static connectivity abnormalities in schizophrenia may partly be related to altered brain network temporal dynamics rather than consistent dysconnectivity within and between functional networks and demonstrate the importance of implementing complementary data analysis techniques. Clinical trials registration: Registry Name: Treatment Response in Schizophrenia: Bridging Imaging and Postmortem Studies URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00937716?term=NCT00937716&rank=1 Registration Number: NCT00937716
Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurial Activity: Presentation

Defined as the percent of the population of non-business-owning adults who start a business each month, the Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurial Activity was introduced in 2005. This measure of the business creation rate at the individual owner level captures all new businesses. It includes both businesses with employees and those without, businesses that are incorporated and those that are not, and all industries, from construction to high-tech.