cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ERβ Selective Agonist Inhibits Angiotensin-Induced Cardiovascular Pathology in Female Mice

Cardiac hypertrophy in humans can progress to cardiac failure if the underlying impetus is poorly controlled. An important direct stimulator of hypertrophy and its progression is the angiotensin II (AngII) peptide. AngII also causes hypertension that indirectly contributes to cardiac hypertrophy. Others and we have shown that estrogens acting through the estrogen receptor (ER)-β can inhibit AngII-induced or other forms of cardiac hypertrophy in mice. However, the proliferative effects of estrogen in breast and uterus that promote the development of malignancy preclude using the steroid to prevent cardiac disease progression. We therefore tested whether an ERβ selective agonist, β-LGND2, can prevent hypertension and cardiac pathology in female mice. AngII infusion over 3 weeks significantly stimulated systolic and diastolic hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiac fibrosis, all significantly prevented by β-LGND2 in wild-type but not in ERβ genetically deleted mice. AngII stimulated the Akt kinase to phosphorylate and inhibit the glycogen synthase kinase-3β kinase, leading to GATA4 transcription factor activation and hypertrophic mRNA expression. As a novel mechanism, all these actions were opposed by estradiol and β-LGND2. Our findings provide additional understanding of the antihypertrophic effects of ERβ and serve as an impetus to test specific receptor agonists in humans to prevent the worsening of cardiovascular disease.
K-12 Educational Outcomes of Immigrant Youth

The children from immigrant families in the United States make up a historically diverse population, and they are demonstrating just as much diversity in their experiences in the K-12 educational system. Robert Crosnoe and Ruth Lopez Turley summarize these K-12 patterns, paying special attention to differences in academic functioning across segments of the immigrant population defined by generational status, race and ethnicity, and national origin. A good deal of evidence points to an immigrant advantage in multiple indicators of academic progress, meaning that many youths from immigrant families outperform their peers in school. This apparent advantage is often referred to as the immigrant paradox, in that it occurs despite higher-than-average rates of social and economic disadvantages in this population as a whole. The immigrant paradox, however, is more pronounced among the children of Asian and African immigrants than other groups, and it is stronger for boys than for girls. Furthermore, evidence for the paradox is far more consistent in secondary school than in elementary school. Indeed, school readiness appears to be one area of potential risk for children from immigrant families, especially those of Mexican origin. For many groups, including those from Latin America, any evidence of the immigrant paradox usually emerges after researchers control for family socioeconomic circumstances and youths' English language skills. For others, including those from Asian countries, it is at least partially explained by the tendency for more socioeconomically advantaged residents of those regions to leave their home country for the United States. Bilingualism and strong family ties help to explain immigrant advantages in schooling; school, community, and other contextual disadvantages may suppress these advantages or lead to immigrant risks. Crosnoe and Turley also discuss several policy efforts targeting young people from immigrant families, especially those of Latin American origin. One is the DREAM Act, proposed federal legislation to create a pathway to citizenship for undocumented youth who meet certain criteria. Another effort includes culturally grounded programs to support the college preparation of immigrant adolescents and the educational involvement of immigrant parents of young children.
Recovery of the rod photoresponse in infants.

PURPOSE. To study deactivation of the rod photoresponse in infants using a paired-flash procedure. Rhodopsin content increases and scales the parameters of the activation of rod phototransduction as rods develop. However, little is known about the kinetics of deactivation in the rods of young infants. METHODS. ERG responses to pairs of flashes were used to study the recovery of the rod response in 4- and 10-week-old infants and mature control subjects. The amplitudes of rod isolated a-wave responses to a probe flash (+3.3 log scot td s) presented 2 to 120 seconds after an equal-intensity test flash were measured. The interstimulus interval (ISI) at which the amplitude was half that of the response to the probe flash alone (t 50 ) was determined by linear interpolation. RESULTS. Recovery time (t 50 ) was significantly longer in infants than in adults (F = 18.9, df 2, 32; P < 0.01). The shape of the recovery function did not vary with age. The t 50 values were inversely proportional to the parameters of activation of rod phototransduction. CONCLUSIONS. These results are evidence that the kinetics of deactivation in infants are slower and may be set by the proportion of rhodopsin isomerized.
Design of a bus-based shared-memory multiprocessor DICE

DICE is a shared-bus multiprocessor based on a distributed shared-memory architecture, known as cache-only memory architecture (COMA). Unlike previous COMA proposals for large-scale multiprocessing, DICE utilizes COMA to effectively decrease the speed gap between modem high-performance microprocessors and the bus. DICE tries to optimize COMA for a shared-bus medium, in particular to reduce detrimental effects of the cache coherence and the ‘last memory block’ problem on replacement. In this paper, we present a global bus design of DICE based on the IEEE futurebus 1 backplane bus and the Texas Instruments chip-set. Our design demonstrates that necessary bus transactions for DICE can be done efficiently with existing standard bus signals. Considering the benefits of COMA and the moderate design complexity it adds to the conventional shared-bus multiprocessor design, a bus-based COMA multiprocessor, such as DICE, can become a viable candidate for future shared-bus multiprocessor designs. q 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Human oral microbial ecology and dental caries and periodontal diseases

In the human oral cavity, which is an open growth system, bacteria must first adhere to a surface in order to be able to colonize. Ability to colonize a non-shedding tooth surface is necessary prior to any odontopathic or periodontopathic process. Complex microbe-host relationships occur and must be studied before the commensal-to-pathogenic nature of the human indigenous oral flora can be understood. Medical pathogens, if present in the appropriate host, always produce specific disease. Caries and periodontal diseases are conditional diseases, requiring numbers of certain indigenous species at various sites, particularly the tooth surface. In the case of caries, the condition is related to sugar consumption. Periodontal disease/s may require certain host and environmental conditions, such as local environment or nutritional factors in gingival crevicular fluids. Nonetheless, critical numbers of certain indigenous species must be present in order for these diseases to occur. The aim of this review is to understand the acquisition of the indigenous oral flora and the development of human dental plaque. The role of the salivary pellicle and adherence of indigenous bacteria to it are critical first steps in plaque development. Bacterial interactions with saliva, nutritional factors, growth factors, and microbial physiologic processes are all involved in the overall process of microbial colonization.
An approach to parallelizing the simulation of complicated modelica models

Designing embedded systems has become a complex and expensive task, and simulation and other analysis tools are taking on a bigger role in the overall design process. In an effort to speed up the design process, we present an algorithm for reducing the simulation time of large, complex models by creating a parallel schedule from a flattened set of equations that collectively capture the system behavior. The developed approach is applied to a multi-core desktop processor to determine the estimated speedup in a set of subsystem models.
The Ability to See Low Contrasts at Night

I DEVELOPING and standardizing a test for determining the ability of military personnel and others to see under low brightness levels such as those often present in night flying, it is a logical assumption that the ocular examination should be conducted with brightnesses that are photometrically comparable to those encountered in actual observation. Under socalled blackout conditions, for example, most visible objects are large in visual or angular size and low in brightness contrast with respect to their backgrounds. Therefore, a low-contrast test chart illuminated to some scotopic brightness is indicated for test purposes. Under such a low brightness, colors are not recognized and only the rod system of the retina is effective in seeing. These are prerequisites if the ocular tests are truly to reveal the ability of the examinee to see objects of low contrast at night. Obviously, the usual clinical measures of visual acuity, involving photopic brightnesses and maximal-contrast test objects, do not meet these axiomatic requirements of an appropriate night-vision screening test. In general, photopic brightness levels are high enough to permit the recognition of colors, and seeing is considered to depend upon the retinal cones instead of the rods alone. The inadequacy of the usual criterion of visual acuity in revealing differences among individuals in ability to see at night is clearly shown by the data of Table 1 for two brightness levels. These data summarize 150 monocular examinations made with the 1932 A.M.A. Test-Chart illuminated to brightness of 10 and 0.01 footlambert,:]; respectively. Obviously, these measurements could have been made under an even lower scotopic brightness level although not with equal facility. I t will be noted that 117 of the 150 cases were rated alike and superior in visual efficiency or visual acuity by tests made under a brightness level of 10 foot-lamberts, while only 11 of the 150 cases were rated alike and superior in visual efficiency under a brightness level of 0.01 foot-lambert. These data also indicate that the spread in visual efficiency among these subjects is nearly doubled when the chart brightness is reduced from 10 to 0.01 foot-lambert. In interpreting the data pertaining to the A.M.A. rating of visual efficiency, it should be recognized that the range between 100 and zero represents the difference between normal vision and blindness.
Relationship Between Chronic Conditions and Disability in African American Men and Women

Background Race differences in chronic conditions and disability are well established; however, little is known about the association between specific chronic conditions and disability in African Americans. This is important because African Americans have higher rates and earlier onset of both chronic conditions and disability than white Americans. Methods We examined the relationship between chronic conditions and disability in 602 African Americans aged 50 years and older in the Baltimore Study of Black Aging. Disability was measured using self-report of difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL). Medical conditions included diagnosed self-reports of asthma, depressive symptoms, arthritis, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, and hypertension. Results After adjusting for age, high school graduation, income, and marital status, African Americans who reported arthritis (women: odds ratio (OR)=4.87; 95% confidence interval(CI): 2.92–8.12; men: OR=2.93; 95% CI: 1.36–6.30) had higher odds of disability compared to those who did not report having arthritis. Women who reported major depressive symptoms (OR=2.59; 95% CI: 1.43–4.69) or diabetes (OR=1.83; 95% CI: 1.14–2.95) had higher odds of disability than women who did not report having these conditions. Men who reported having CVD (OR=2.77; 95% CI: 1.03–7.41) had higher odds of disability than men who did not report having CVD. Conclusions These findings demonstrate the importance of chronic conditions in understanding disability in African Americans and how it varies by gender. Also, these findings underscore the importance of developing health promoting strategies focused on chronic disease prevention and management to delay or postpone disability in African Americans. Publication Indices Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Web of Science database
Culturomics as a data playground for tests of selection: Mathematical approaches to detecting selection in word use

In biological evolution traits may rise and fall in frequency due to genetic drift, where variant frequencies change by chance, or by selection where advantageous variants will rise in frequency. The neutral model of evolution, first developed by Kimura in the 1960s, has become the standard against which selection is detected. While the balance between these two important forces - drift and selection - has been well established in biology there are other domains where the contribution of these processes is still coming together. Although the idea of natural selection has been applied to the cultural domain since the time of Darwin, it has proven more challenging to positively identify cultural traits under selection both because of a lack of established tests for selection and a lack of large cultural data sets. However, in recent years with the accumulation of large cultural data sets many cultural features from pre-history pottery to modern baby names have been shown to evolve according to the neutral theory. But there is accumulating empirical evidence from cultural processes suggesting that the neutral theory alone cannot account for all features of the data. As such, there has been a renewed interest in determining whether there is selection amidst drift. Here we analyze a subset English word frequencies, and determine whether frequency change reveals processes of selection. Inspired by the Moran and Wright-Fisher models in population genetics, we developed a neutral model of word frequency variation to assess when linguistic data appears to depart from neutral evolution. As such, our model represents a possible "test for selection" in the linguistic domain. We explore how the distribution of word use has changed for sets of words in English for more than 100 years (1901-2008) as expressed in vocabulary usage in published books, made available by Google Ngram. When comparing empirical word frequency changes to our neutral model we find pervasive and systematic departures from neutrality.
Selective basis for emigration of the prairie vole, Microtus ochrogaster: open field experiment.

Trois parcelles de 0,8 ha sont observees a 16 km au nord de Lawrence, Kansas. La survie des emigrants est plus forte que celle des residents dans presque tous les cas. On confirme l'hypothese selon laquelle l'emigration a partir d'un site donne et le fait de resider dans un site donne sont les composants d'une strategie stable evolutive avec les emigrants et residents ayant un fitness equivalent en termes de survie et d'activite reproductrice
A Qualitative Analysis Of The Digestive Secretions Of The Larva Of The Japanese Beetle (Popillia Japonica Newm.)

An analysis of the secretions of the digestive tract of larvae has shown the presence of the basic ions of aluminum, ferrous iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and ammonium. The acidic ions found present were carbonate, chloride, nitrite, and phosphate.
Mycosis fungoides. Diagnosis and pathogenesis

Mycosis fungoides (MF) and the Sezary syndrome (SS) are special forms occutancous T-cell lymphomas with a relatively protracted clinical course. The morphologic distinction of MF and SS in their early phases from a variety of common inflammatory dermatoses and other prelymphomatous conditions of the skin often eludes experts in the field. This review will emphasize current histologic criteria for establishing the diagnosis of MF and SS, as well as the increasing efforts that are being made to characterize the biology of the neoplastic transformation in these disorders, with in emphasis on the study of antigen modulation, antigen-specific T-cell-receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements, adhesion receptors, and cytokines
On the Subject Status of Teacher in the Management of Higher Vocational College Students

The contents of the students' management in the higher vocational education include the following four aspects,which are: management of students' status,students' social service community,teaching order and students' dormitory order.As teachers with the subject status in the management,they should implement and realize the management of students' status,maintain the teaching order,help students to study and develop a planning especially the career palnning.The principal connection of higher vocational college is teacher and student,which is also the basis of the management of vocational college students.Presently,it is quite essential to expect the breakthrough in the construction of vocational college student management system.
CT-based radiomic analysis of stereotactic body radiation therapy patients with lung cancer.

Abstract Background Radiomics uses a large number of quantitative imaging features that describe the tumor phenotype to develop imaging biomarkers for clinical outcomes. Radiomic analysis of pre-treatment computed-tomography (CT) scans was investigated to identify imaging predictors of clinical outcomes in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Materials and methods CT images of 113 stage I-II NSCLC patients treated with SBRT were analyzed. Twelve radiomic features were selected based on stability and variance. The association of features with clinical outcomes and their prognostic value (using the concordance index (CI)) was evaluated. Radiomic features were compared with conventional imaging metrics (tumor volume and diameter) and clinical parameters. Results Overall survival was associated with two conventional features (volume and diameter) and two radiomic features (LoG 3D run low gray level short run emphasis and stats median). One radiomic feature (Wavelet LLH stats range) was significantly prognostic for distant metastasis (CI=0.67, q -value Conclusion This exploratory analysis demonstrates that radiomic features have potential to be prognostic for some outcomes that conventional imaging metrics cannot predict in SBRT patients.
On Estimation Methods of Input Parameters for Economic Attribute Control Charts

Applications of the economic design of control charts always assume that all the input parameters are known. Some of these input parameters can be estimated from past observations. In this paper, we consider estimation methods of some input parameters for the economic design of np-charts, namely, the proportions of non-conforming items under both in-control (po) and out-of-control (pl) states and the rate of occurrence of an assignable cause (A) based on two methods: maximum likelihood estimation using the EM algorithm and a naive method. We compare the two methods by using a simulation study. We conclude that the EM algorithm produces better results under general conditions. Thus we recommend the use of the EM algorithm so that the economic np-chart becomes more feasible to use in practice.
The Short Poems

CHAUCER’S works fall into two main categories: the translations—the Romaunt of the Rose, Boethius’ Consolation of Philosophy, and A Treatise on the Astrolabe, which is in the main a translation; and the poems, which are here subdivided into short poems, minor poems, Troilus and Criseyde, and the Canterbury Tales. The short poems, our concern in this chapter, include the Book of the Duchess, the House of Fame, Anelida and Arcite, the Parliament of Fowls, and the Legend of Good Women. Classifying these poems as “short” is an innovation, for this term is generally applied to those poems which in this book are grouped under the heading of “The Minor Poems.” Some of the works classified as “short” are in fact fairly extensive; but, in contrast to Troilus and Criseyde and to the Canterbury Tales, they are short. It is with this comparison in mind that they are classified as they are.
Effect of Cyclo-Oxygenase Inhibition on Renin, Catecholamine and Blood Pressure Responses to Haemorrhage and Captopril in Conscious Rabbits

1. Changes in plasma renin activity, plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline, and blood pressure were evaluated after mild haemorrhage (6 ml/kg) and subsequent intravenous captopril in conscious, restrained rabbits. Two protocols were followed. In the first, control animals (n = 8) were compared with rabbits receiving indomethacin ( n = 8) in their drinking water for 5 days and intravenously during the haemorrhage and captopril study. In the second protocol, animals receiving propranolol in the drinking water and intravenously ( n = 7) were compared with a group ( n = 7) receiving propranolol plus indomethacin. 2. Urinary prostaglandin E excretion was decreased significantly with the oral administration of indomethacin in both protocols. Plasma renin activity levels were not significantly different at baseline, but the animals receiving indomethacin had significantly ( P < 005) lower values after haemorrhage in both studies. The large increases in plasma renin activity after captopril were not influenced by indomethacin in either study. 3. The blood pressure response to captopril was significantly blunted in the indomethacin group in the first experiment. 4. Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline levels were not affected by indomethacin treatment in either protocol. 5. It is concluded that the plasma renin activity response to haemorrhage in conscious rabbits is mediated in part by a cyclo-oxygenase-dependent component separable from the β-adrenoceptor. The renin response to converting enzyme inhibition is not influenced by cyclo-oxygenase inhibition. A component of the blood pressure response to captopril may involve a cyclo-oxygenase product.
Satellite attitude control using only magnetorquers

This study presents a method to control the attitude of spacecraft using only magnetorquers without the gravity gradient boom. The main challenge is that the control torque can only be generated perpendicular to the geomagnetic field. If the dynamic model is expressed in the geomagnetic frame, the system can be divided into two parts: the outer loop and the inner loop. The stability of the outer loop controller is proved by LaSalle's and Floquet's theorems. The inner loop has devastating disturbance torque. Considering the disturbance torque, the sliding mode controller is designed in the inner loop. The results of the simulation of this method are presented herein.
The Move From Dead to Living Membranes: Bioartificial Organ Support of Failing Systems

Several studies show that the diagnosis of acute renal failure still is predictive of high mortality. The reasons for this dismal prognosis despite improvements in dialytic methodologies and critical care are not entirely clear. Continuous renal replacement therapies have to date not shown improved outcome. Dialysis is conceptually not truly a "renal replacement therapy," because the many reabsorptive, metabolic, synthetic, and endocrine functions that occur in the kidney are not duplicated. This dilemma is applicable in varying degrees to other failing organs. Another therapeutic approach to a variety of organ failure conditions could be the transplantation of specific cell types to replace specific functions in the diseased host. The phenomenon of bioencapsulation with synthetic semipermeable membranes offers the possibility of allowing transplanted cells to function while sequestering them from the host's immune system. At this time, a bioartificial kidney is being developed that can be placed in series with a hemofilter and consists of proximal tubular cells layered on the surface of the hollow fibers of a dialyzer. Metabolic and transport functions appear to be intact. Further testing and refinement of this model will occur, which represents a potentially revolutionary form of therapy for renal disease.
Defining the extreme substrate specificity of Euonymus alatus diacylglycerol acetyltransferase, an unusual membrane-bound O-acyltransferase.

Euonymus alatus diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT) synthesizes the unusually structured 3-acetyl-1,2-diacylglycerols (acetyl-TAG) found in the seeds of a few plant species. A member of the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) family, EaDAcT transfers the acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) to produce acetyl-TAG. In vitro assays demonstrated that the enzyme is also able to utilize butyryl-CoA and hexanoyl-CoA as acyl donors, though with much less efficiency compared with acetyl-CoA. Acyl-CoAs longer than eight carbons were not used by EaDAcT. This extreme substrate specificity of EaDAcT distinguishes it from all other MBOATs which typically catalyze the transfer of much longer acyl groups. In vitro selectivity experiments revealed that EaDAcT preferentially acetylated DAG molecules containing more double bonds over those with less. However, the enzyme was also able to acetylate saturated DAG containing medium chain fatty acids, albeit with less efficiency. Interestingly, EaDAcT could only acetylate the free hydroxyl group of sn-1,2-DAG but not the available hydroxyl groups in sn-1,3-DAG or in monoacylglycerols (MAG). Consistent with its similarity to the jojoba wax synthase, EaDAcT could acetylate fatty alcohols in vitro to produce alkyl acetates. Likewise, when coexpressed in yeast with a fatty acyl-CoA reductase capable of producing fatty alcohols, EaDAcT synthesized alkyl acetates although the efficiency of production was low. This improved understanding of EaDAcT specificity confirms that the enzyme preferentially utilizes acetyl-CoA to acetylate sn-1,2-DAGs and will be helpful in engineering the production of acetyl-TAG with improved functionality in transgenic plants.
MACF1 Controls Migration and Positioning of Cortical GABAergic Interneurons in Mice

GABAergic interneurons develop in the ganglionic eminence in the ventral telencephalon and tangentially migrate into the cortical plate during development. However, key molecules controlling interneuron migration remain poorly identified. Here, we show that microtubule-actin cross-linking factor 1 (MACF1) regulates GABAergic interneuron migration and positioning in the developing mouse brain. To investigate the role of MACF1 in developing interneurons, we conditionally deleted the MACF1 gene in mouse interneuron progenitors and their progeny using Dlx5/6-Cre-IRES-EGFP and Nkx2.1-Cre drivers. We found that MACF1 deletion results in a marked reduction and defective positioning of interneurons in the mouse cerebral cortex and hippocampus, suggesting abnormal interneuron migration. Indeed, the speed and mode of interneuron migration were abnormal in the MACF1-mutant brain, compared with controls. Additionally, MACF1-deleted interneurons showed a significant reduction in the length of their leading processes and dendrites in the mouse brain. Finally, loss of MACF1 decreased microtubule stability in cortical interneurons. Our findings suggest that MACF1 plays a critical role in cortical interneuron migration and positioning in the developing mouse brain.
Loss and Re-emergence of Legs in Snakes by Modular Evolution of Sonic hedgehog and HOXD Enhancers

Summary Limb reduction and loss are hallmarks of snake evolution. Although advanced snakes are completely limbless, basal and intermediate snakes retain pelvic girdles and small rudiments of the femur. Moreover, legs may have re-emerged in extinct snake lineages [1–5], suggesting that the mechanisms of limb development were not completely lost in snakes. Here we report that hindlimb development arrests in python embryos as a result of mutations that abolish essential transcription factor binding sites in the limb-specific enhancer of Sonic hedgehog ( SHH ). Consequently, SHH transcription is weak and transient in python hindlimb buds, leading to early termination of a genetic circuit that drives limb outgrowth. Our results suggest that degenerate evolution of the SHH limb enhancer played a role in reduction of hindlimbs during snake evolution. By contrast, HOXD digit enhancers are conserved in pythons, and HOXD gene expression in the hindlimb buds progresses to the distal phase, forming an autopodial (digit) domain. Python hindlimb buds then develop transitory pre-chondrogenic condensations of the tibia, fibula, and footplate, raising the possibility that re-emergence of hindlimbs during snake evolution did not require de novo re-evolution of lost structures but instead could have resulted from persistence of embryonic legs. Video Abstract
Understanding people by tracking their word use (keynote)

The words people use in their conversations, emails, and diaries can tell us how they think, approach problems, connect with others, and their behaviors. Of particular interest are people's use of function words -- pronouns, articles, and other small and forgettable words. Processed in the brain differently from content words, function words reveal where people are paying attention and how they think about themselves and others. After summarizing dozens of studies on language and psychological state, the talk will explore how text analysis can help us get inside the heads of the people we study.
Assessment of motor cortex excitability and inhibition during a cognitive task in individuals with concussion.

ABSTRACTPrimary objective: To examine the function of the motor cortex during executive function tasks in individuals with concussion, relative to healthy controls.Methods and procedures: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to assess motor cortex excitability and inhibition acutely, within 72 hours, and over two months, post-concussion in 23 participants, nine individuals with concussion and 14 controls. Participants performed a cognitive task during TMS to determine the impact of cognitive task on the motor cortex.Main outcomes and results: Resting motor threshold (p = 0.02) and motor-evoked potential (MEPRest) amplitude (p = 0.03) were different between groups, both suggesting greater corticospinal excitability in individuals with concussion. Cortical silent period (CSP) duration was greater at 72 hours (p = 0.03), one month (p = 0.003) and two months (p = 0.05) in individuals with concussion, suggesting increased intracortical inhibition. The performance of a cognitive task caused an incre...
Electrocardiographic Strain Pattern Is Associated With Left Ventricular Concentric Remodeling, Scar, and Mortality Over 10 Years: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

BackgroundBoth ECG strain pattern and QRS measured left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy criteria are associated with LV hypertrophy and have been used for risk stratification. However, the independent...
Photoexcitation Cascade and Quantum-Relativistic Jets in Graphene.

In Dirac materials linear band dispersion blocks momentum-conserving interband transitions, creating a bottleneck for electron-hole pair production and carrier multiplication in the photoexcitation cascade. Here we show that the decays are unblocked and the bottleneck is relieved by subtle many-body effects involving multiple off-shell $e\text{\ensuremath{-}}h$ pairs. The decays result from a collective behavior due to simultaneous emission of many soft pairs. We discuss characteristic signatures of the off-shell pathways, in particular the sharp angular distribution of secondary carriers, resembling relativistic jets in high-energy physics. The jets can be directly probed using solid-state equivalent of particle detectors. Collinear scattering enhances carrier multiplication, allowing for emission of as many as $\ensuremath{\sim}10$ secondary carriers per single absorbed photon.
Female Circumcision: The Prevalence and Nature of the Ritual in Eritrea

This study evaluates the prevalence, complications, and attitudes concerning the practice of female circumcision among the women of Eritrea. Four hundred thirty-six Eritrean women from rural and urban environments were questioned about their perceptions and beliefs concerning female circumcision. Eighty-eight percent of those interviewed had undergone some form of female circumcision. Those who favored the continuation of the practice were more likely to be rural dwellers with little formal education, and they did so primarily out of tradition or cultural conformity. The direct and indirect consequences of this practice to the health of women and infants are considerable and as complex as the social, religious, and traditional factors that have led to its preservation.
Malign Neglect or Benign Respect: Women’s Health Care in a Carceral Setting

Abstract A central tenet of feminist criminological scholarship is the examination of women's experiences with crime and incarceration through their own narratives. Through semi-structured interviews with thirty jailed women, this article examines carceral conditions through the critical lens of the female inmate. Highlighted in this article is the availability and quality of health care in a detention center in Arizona. The findings indicate a contentious duality, exposing both heinous neglect and benign solicitude in the care delivered to jailed women. This duality is situated within the dismal health care system available to indigent women in the region.
From Non-consensual Pornography to Image-based Sexual Abuse: Charting the Course of a Problem with Many Names

Every day, people’s most intimate moments are recorded, uploaded and circulated online without their consent. This gross invasion of privacy – commonly known as ‘revenge pornography’ – has become p...
Facile synthesis and structural insight of nanostructure akermanite powder

Abstract Pure nanocrystalline akermanite powder was synthesized using calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, and silicate as the base materials. Base powders were mechanically activated and then heat treated at various temperatures. The produced powders were evaluated by simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization techniques. The results showed that pure nanocrystalline akermanite was synthesized from powder mechanically activated for 50 h with subsequent annealing at 900 °C for 1 h. Nanostructured akermanite had a crystalline size of 67 nm. The formation mechanism of akermanite was scrutinized. It was found that akermanite forms through the formation of several transition compounds such as enstatite, wollastonite, larnite, and merwinite.
99. SIMULATED FIRST NIGHT-ONCALL (FNOC): ESTABLISHING COMMUNITY AND A CULTURE OF PATIENT SAFETY FOR INCOMING PEDIATRIC INTERNS

Background The transition from medical student to intern presents a major patient safety concern. Our institution implemented an immersive First Night OnCall (FNOC) simulation to support transitioning trainees and cultivate a culture of safety. Objective Engage pediatric interns in a pediatric focused FNOC simulation to ensure readiness to recognize and address common safety issues in practice. Methods Interns were asked to recognize patient safety hazards in a simulated patient room and participate in case based safety discussions. Interns then participated in GOSCEs (Group Observed Standardized Clinical Encounters). GOSCEs tasked trainees to obtain informed consent, evaluate a decompensating patient, recognize a mislabeled culture bottle, and give an effective patient handoff. Faculty debriefed all activities. Learners completed pre and post program assessments and a program evaluation. Results Twenty incoming interns completed FNOC. Only 11% reported any prior formal training in patient safety. Interns recognized 46% of the environmental patient safety hazards. Out of the 5 GOSCE groups, 3 called a rapid response team, 3 noted the label error for the culture bottle, and 3 obtained complete informed consent. After FNOC, 92% of interns reported increased comfort (4 or 5 on 1-5 scale) in speaking to a supervisor, escalating a situation, and reporting a medical error. All interns agreed that the case based safety discussions and the patient safety room increased readiness for internship. Almost all of the interns (85%) agreed or strongly agreed that FNOC was an effective way to learn patient safety, a good approach to improve readiness, fun, and engaging. Conclusions Incoming interns are not consistently able to demonstrate common safety practices. Engaging, immersive, simulation based experiences like FNOC may reduce this variability, while simultaneously instilling aspirational institutional norms, promoting a culture of safety, and providing a framework for effective on-boarding strategies for new trainees.
A mathematical model for distributed free space

To have fast response time is often a requirement for a data base system especially in the on-line environment such as inventory control, stock quotation or hotel/airline reservation. This requirement for fast response time can be easily obtained by carefully organizing the file at loading time. Due to subsequent insertions, the file structure designed with fast response time would be damaged because insertions were stored in overflow area. As more insertions are added, the response time will be lengthened since accessing records in overflow area takes more time than in home area. When the response time exceeds the tolerance limit that a user can stand, a reorganization is required. In general, reorganization of a file is a costly and time-consuming job and should be avoided as much as possible. In order to maintain a fast response time and to avoid frequent reorganizations, a technique called "distributed free space" 10 within home area was introduced.
Charles Dickens’ David Copperfield as Information Object: A Case Study of Serial Literature in the Victorian World of Documents

Documents reflect the historical contexts of their creation, and in doing so, become information objects. The serial novel is a type of information object, but due to re-editioning, reversioning, a...
Iatrogenic Intracranial Hypotension: A Case Study

Abstract Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks due to spinal procedures are commonly reported and can result in a condition known as intracranial hypotension. In rare cases, this can lead to a life-threatening situation if not properly diagnosed and treated. This case study discusses a rapidly decompensating patient that was found to have a CSF leak after an epidural placement for childbirth and made a full recovery after treatment with an epidural blood patch.
1.06 – Positron Emission Tomography

This chapter provides an overview of the basic techniques for detection of positron-emitting radionuclides and subsequent image reconstruction of the isotopes’ distribution within the object being imaged. Areas covered include basic gamma ray detectors with an emphasis on scintillator-based detectors, corrections for photon transport and detector effects, and the basic image reconstruction techniques commonly used in positron emission tomography scanners.
Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty in Young Patients: Higher Early Reoperation and Rerevision.

Abstract Background Revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) rates are increasing in younger patients. Few studies have assessed outcomes of initial aseptic rTKA performed for younger patients compared with traditional-aged patients. Methods A detailed medical record review was performed to identify patient demographics, medical comorbidities, surgical rTKA indications, timing from index TKA to rTKA, subsequent reoperation rates, component rerevision rates, and salvage procedures for 147 young patients (158 knees) aged 55 years and younger and for a traditional older cohort of 276 patients (300 knees) between 60 and 75 years. Univariate analysis was performed to assess differences in these primary variables, and a log-rank test was used to estimate 5-year implant survival based on either reoperation or component revision and salvage procedures. Results Younger TKA patients were more likely to undergo initial aseptic rTKA within 2 years of their primary TKA (52.5% vs 29.0%, P Conclusion Early reoperation and component re-rTKA were performed nearly twice as often in younger rTKA than traditional-aged TKA patients. Care should be given to reduce perioperative infection and extensor mechanism failures after rTKA in younger patients.
Citrus tristeza virus P33 Protein is Required for Efficient Transmission by the Aphid Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Kirkaldy).

Plant viruses are threatening many valuable crops, and Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is considered one of the most economically important plant viruses. CTV has destroyed millions of citrus trees in many regions of the world. Consequently, understanding of the transmission mechanism of CTV by its main vector, the brown citrus aphid, Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Kirkaldy), may lead to better control strategies for CTV. The objective of this study was to understand the CTV–vector relationship by exploring the influence of viral genetic diversity on virus transmission. We built several infectious clones with different 5′-proximal ends from different CTV strains and assessed their transmission by the brown citrus aphid. Replacement of the 5′- end of the T36 isolate with that of the T30 strain (poorly transmitted) did not increase the transmission rate of T36, whereas replacement with that of the T68-1 isolate (highly transmitted) increased the transmission rate of T36 from 1.5 to 23%. Finally, substitution of p33 gene of the T36 strain with that of T68 increased the transmission rate from 1.5% to 17.8%. Although the underlying mechanisms that regulate the CTV transmission process by aphids have been explored in many ways, the roles of specific viral proteins are still not explicit. Our findings will improve our understanding of the transmission mechanisms of CTV by its aphid vector and may lead to the development of control strategies that interfere with its transmission by vector.
Glowing cities and the future of manufacturing in the US and Europe: How digitalization will impact metropolitan areas depending on sectoral dominances and regional skill distribution: How digitalization will impact metropolitan areas depending on sectoral dominances and regional skill distribution

Since digitalization and Industry 4.0 have been recognized as a key issue for future economic development, prosperity and wealth distribution, several studies have emerged on the potential threats ...
Hearing the Music in COVID-19’s Medically-Induced Coma: An Interview with Dr. William C. Banfield

In this interview of Dr. William Banfield by music therapist, Dr. Suzanne Hanser, Banfield describes his diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. While in a medically-induced coma, Banfield heard the music that his wife brought to the hospital, and the music became a vital part of the dreams and nightmares he experienced during his 17 days in a coma (April 4-20, 2020). Dr. Banfield describes how this affected his life and shares lessons about music and meaning.
Static Displacement and Coupled Frequencies of a Twisted Bar

T ELASTIC BODY CONSIDERED is a straight bar with constant rectangular cross section and an initial structural twist of 6 (constant) radians per unit of length. The object of the paper is twofold: (1) to calculate the static displacement components u(z) and v{z) in the direction of the principal axes u and v at each section due to the uniform loads wu and wv also in the direction of the principal axes; (2) to approximate by the energy method, using the displacement functions mentioned in (1), the first two natural frequencies of the bar. The method used is applicable to any end conditions but only the fixed-free case is considered. In the case of a fixed-free bar without twist the two fundamental frequencies corresponding to vibrations normal and parallel to the minor principal axis v are given by the formulas
The Crux of Jane Eyre Is Moral Integrity: A Tale of the 1950s

THERE WAS SOMETHING dismal from the very beginning, before the lodger came, before we had even rented the house. The real estate man remarked, "This street is slated to be repaved," as he parked at the curb, and later, when my wife asked about children in the neighborhood?we were expecting a child then ?the man pointed to a twisted, oddly dead looking tricycle apparently abandoned on the parking strip half a block away. Then we moved and had a miscarriage and acquired our lodger all si multaneously. Or seemingly so. Mary had these terrific pains and I sent her in a taxi to the hospital because my driver's license had expired. I went on packing books, which is the one practical thing I can do really well. Sumner called up from the hospital to say that Mary had had a miscarriage, which I had expected all along and had been thinking about while I packed the books because I'm not inhuman after all. Then Sumner said that we'd
The Effect of ESOP Benefits and Employee Participation on Effort and Cooperation

I develop a model in which the level of cooperation and effort supplied by an employee is determined by the level of benefits allocated to an employee's ESOP account and his individual merit pay. Specifically, it is hypothesized that as an employee receives greater benefits from the ESOP, and perceives his level of involvement at the firm is significant, the level of cooperation supplied rises. The implications of the model are contrasted with the efficiency wage hypothesis. These competing models are tested with a unique dataset of 684 employees at 28 firms with an ESOP. The findings are generally consistent with the efficiency wage hypothesis, and with some implications of the effort- cooperation theory.
Multi-variable model-based parameter estimation model for antenna radiation pattern prediction

A new procedure is presented to a develop multi-variable model-based parameter estimation (MBPE) model to predict the far field intensity of an antenna. By performing the MBPE model development procedure on a single variable at a time, the presented method requires the solution of smaller size matrices. The utility of the method is demonstrated by determining the far field intensity due to a dipole antenna over a frequency range of 100-1000 MHz and elevation angle range of 0-90 degrees.
Aseptic processing contamination case studies and the pharmaceutical quality system.

This paper summarizes parenteral drug contamination case studies presented at industry conferences and a Food and Drug Administration advisory committee meeting in the period of 2000–2004. CGMP deficiencies associated with each contamination event are discussed. The key role of a well-functioning quality system in contamination prevention is emphasized.
Expected gains in life expectancy from various coronary heart disease risk factor modifications.

BACKGROUNDDespite much evidence that modifying risk factors for coronary heart disease can decrease morbidity and mortality, little is known about the impact of risk-factor modification on life expectancy.METHODS AND RESULTSWe used the Coronary Heart Disease Policy Model, a state-transition computer simulation of the US population, to forecast potential gains in life expectancy from risk-factor modification for the cohort of Americans turning age 35 in 1990. Among 35-year-old men, we projected that the population-wide increase in life expectancy would be about 1.1 years from strict blood pressure control, 0.8 years from smoking cessation, 0.7 years from reduction of serum cholesterol to 200 mg/dl, and about 0.6 years from weight loss to ideal body weight. For women, reducing cholesterol to 200 mg/dl would have the greatest estimated impact-a gain of 0.8 years-whereas smoking cessation, blood pressure control, or weight loss would yield population-wide gains of 0.7, 0.4, and 0.4 years, respectively. Gains ...