cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The analytic theory, optimization, and performance of transparent pulses.

Transparent pulses are defined by the property of having no net effect on stationary spins, while selectively nutating and dephasing flowing spins. They are derived from the inverse scattering transform, a nonlinear extension of the inverse Fourier transform. They can be used as presaturation pulses to suppress selectively the signal from flowing spins. Their intended imaging application is suppression of blood flow artifacts arising from the heart and major vessels. Diastolic images of these areas have significant artifacts that hinder accurate delineation of vessel and chamber boundaries. Transparent pulses significantly improve delineation of these boundaries and therefore could be used to improve the accuracy and precision of cross-sectional area measurements. In this paper, the analytic theory, numerical optimization, and performance characteristics are described. Experimental evidence of flow signal suppression is provided in diastolic imaging of the heart in normal subjects. The long duration and power requirements of the present generation of transparent pulses currently limits their general Clinical use. © 1992 Academic Press, Inc.
POSITIVE ION LAYERS IN THE E-REGION OF THE IONOSPHERE.

Positive ion layers in E region explained by wind shear theory, obtaining steady state solutions for simple model
Determination of the relative effectiveness of atomic motion on nuclear dipole and quadrupole relaxation

Abstract Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation times as a function of temperature have been measured for 1H and 2D contained in nonstoichiometric compounds of hafnium hydride. Magnetic dipole interactions provide the dominant relaxation mechanism for protons whereas the deuteron nuclei are relaxed by quadrupole interactions with the local electronic field gradient. Using the known isotope effect, the relative jump rates of the two isotopes are determined and compared to the NMR measurements of the correlation times. The atomic jumps are thereby shown to be more effective in producing correlation time changes if quadrupole rather than dipole interactions are the dominant nuclear relaxation mechanism.
Intraoperative Coronary Angiography Using Fluorescein: Basic Studies and Clinical Application:

To improve the safety and reliability of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), intraoperative coronary angiography using fluorescein was investi gated both experimentally and clinically.Results. In experiments using mongrel dogs, the optimal procedures were determined to be as follows.1. Complete all distal anastomoses.2. Under the illumination of a 6-watt black light hung 10 cm above the heart, 0.06% fluorescein (0.5 mg/kg BW) is injected as a bolus from the proximal end of the graft. Histologically the direct injection of fluorescein into the coronary artery was shown to cause no injury to the vascular wall.In clinical application, the distribution of the graft flow, the area perfused through the graft, and the patency of the anastomoses were well evaluated in real time by observing the fluorescence. Unexpected narrowing of the anasto mosis and the maldistribution of graft flow were detected in 2 patients by this examination during cardioplegic arrest, and the necessity for additional graft ing, as we...
Divide et impera: subgoaling reduces the complexity of probabilistic inference and problem solving

It has long been recognized that humans (and possibly other animals) usually break problems down into smaller and more manageable problems using subgoals. Despite a general consensus that subgoaling helps problem solving, it is still unclear what the mechanisms guiding online subgoal selection are during the solution of novel problems for which predefined solutions are not available. Under which conditions does subgoaling lead to optimal behaviour? When is subgoaling better than solving a problem from start to finish? Which is the best number and sequence of subgoals to solve a given problem? How are these subgoals selected during online inference? Here, we present a computational account of subgoaling in problem solving. Following Occam's razor, we propose that good subgoals are those that permit planning solutions and controlling behaviour using less information resources, thus yielding parsimony in inference and control. We implement this principle using approximate probabilistic inference: subgoals are selected using a sampling method that considers the descriptive complexity of the resulting sub-problems. We validate the proposed method using a standard reinforcement learning benchmark (four-rooms scenario) and show that the proposed method requires less inferential steps and permits selecting more compact control programs compared to an equivalent procedure without subgoaling. Furthermore, we show that the proposed method offers a mechanistic explanation of the neuronal dynamics found in the prefrontal cortex of monkeys that solve planning problems. Our computational framework provides a novel integrative perspective on subgoaling and its adaptive advantages for planning, control and learning, such as for example lowering cognitive effort and working memory load.
Effects of copper on species composition of benthic insects in a Sierra Nevada, California, stream

SUMMARY. 1. Effects of copper on species composition and production of benthic insects in an oligotrophic stream dosed at low concentrations (2.5-15 μg 1-1 Cur; approximately 12-75 ng 1-1 Cu2+) were determined. Dosing was initially in autumn-early winter when peak densities of many species occur. It was resumed the following summer near the time of egg hatch of most species and continued through the remaining aquatic stages of univoltine and multivoltine taxa.
Biology, Immigration, and Public Policy

Summary This paper discusses recent scientific research that has shifted the terms of the debate about the respective roles of nature and nurture in shaping behavior. The research includes literature in the areas of biology, psychometrics, evolutionary psychology, and behavioral genetics. The paper then shows the relevance of this literature for ongoing concerns about mass immigration in developed countries. The literature has implications not only for the personal success of the immigrants, but rates of social dependency and the outlook for political and social cooperation in increasingly diverse societies. Efforts to remediate IQ deficits or behavioral problems in some immigrant groups are seen to be problematic.
Ultimate storage ring based on fourth-order geometric achromats

We have designed an ``ultimate'' storage ring for a future light source that would be resided in the positron-electron-project (PEP) tunnel and achieves the diffraction-limited emittances (at 1.5 \AA{}) of 12 pm-rad in both horizontal and vertical planes with a 4.5-GeV electron beam. These emittances include the contribution of intrabeam scattering at a nominal current of 200 mA in 3300 bunches. This quality beam in conjunction with a conventional 4-m undulator in a straight section can generate synchrotron radiation having a spectral brightness above ${10}^{22}\text{ }\text{ }[\mathrm{photons}/\mathrm{s}/{\mathrm{mm}}^{2}/{\mathrm{mrad}}^{2}/0.1%\mathrm{BW}]$ at a 10 keV photon energy. The high coherence at the diffraction limit makes this design competitive with 4th generation light sources based on an energy recovery linac. In addition, the beam lifetime is several hours and the dynamic aperture is large enough to allow off-axis injection. The alignment and stability tolerances, though challenging, are achievable. A ring with all these properties is only possible because of several major advances in mitigating the effects of nonlinear resonances.
Transcriptional co-regulation of neuronal migration and laminar identity in the neocortex

The cerebral neocortex is segregated into six horizontal layers, each containing unique populations of molecularly and functionally distinct excitatory projection (pyramidal) neurons and inhibitory interneurons. Development of the neocortex requires the orchestrated execution of a series of crucial processes, including the migration of young neurons into appropriate positions within the nascent neocortex, and the acquisition of layer-specific neuronal identities and axonal projections. Here, we discuss emerging evidence supporting the notion that the migration and final laminar positioning of cortical neurons are also co-regulated by cell type- and layer-specific transcription factors that play concomitant roles in determining the molecular identity and axonal connectivity of these neurons. These transcriptional programs thus provide direct links between the mechanisms controlling the laminar position and identity of cortical neurons.
TAGster: efficient selection of LD tag SNPs in single or multiple populations.

UNLABELLED Genetic association studies increasingly rely on the use of linkage disequilibrium (LD) tag SNPs to reduce genotyping costs. We developed a software package TAGster to select, evaluate and visualize LD tag SNPs both for single and multiple populations. We implement several strategies to improve the efficiency of current LD tag SNP selection algorithms: (1) we modify the tag SNP selection procedure of Carlson et al. to improve selection efficiency and further generalize it to multiple populations. (2) We propose a redundant SNP elimination step to speed up the exhaustive tag SNP search algorithm proposed by Qin et al. (3) We present an additional multiple population tag SNP selection algorithm based on the framework of Howie et al., but using our modified exhaustive search procedure. We evaluate these methods using resequenced candidate gene data from the Environmental Genome Project and show improvements in both computational and tagging efficiency. AVAILABILITY The software Package TAGster is freely available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/software/tagster/
On the dynamics of gravity currents in a channel

The paper presents a study on the dynamics of gravity currents in a channel. The authors also attempt to clarify factors that regulate the propagation and structure of gravity currents through evaluation of idealized theoretical models along with two-dimensional numerical model simulations. The paper seeks to reconcile research based on the hydraulic theory for gravity currents evolving from a known initial state with analysis of gravity currents that are assumed to be at steady state and compares these approaches with both numerical simulations and laboratory experiments.
Modern B-Tree Techniques

In summary, the core design of B-trees has remained unchanged in 40 years: balanced trees, pages or other units of I/O as nodes, efficient root-to-leaf search, splitting and merging nodes, etc. On the other hand, an enormous amount of research and development has improved every aspect of B-trees including data contents such as multi-dimensional data, access algorithms such as multi-dimensional queries, data organization within each node such as compression and cache optimization, concurrency control such as separation of latching and locking, recovery such as multi-level recovery, etc. Gray and Reuter believed in 1993 that “B-trees are by far the most important access path structure in database and file systems.” It seems that this statement remains true today. B-tree indexes are likely to gain new importance in relational databases due to the advent of flash storage. Fast access latencies permit many more random I/O operations than traditional disk storage, thus shifting the break-even point between a full-bandwidth scan and a B-tree index search, even if the scan has the benefit of columnar database storage. We hope that this tutorial of B-tree techniques will stimulate research and development of modern B-tree indexing techniques for future data management systems.
An IEEE-1394 based outlet for home automation and health care networks

This paper describes a new outlet intended for a future home and/or office network based on the IEEE-1394 serial bus. The new outlet has been built and tested. Several units can be distributed throughout the home to provide high-speed interconnection among various systems designed for home automation and/or health care applications.
Motion planning for assembly mating operations

The authors introduce a planning system that relies on a novel approach which converts geometrical descriptions of assembly parts into potential field representations and then translates assembly operations into equivalent operations on the potential field representations. As a consequence, the system is able to quickly compute a path for the assembly motions and isolate those regions of the path where force/torque guided motions must be introduced to cope with possible collisions that may be caused by the prevailing uncertainties in the positions/orientations of the parts and their dimensions. This system has been experimentally verified using a Cincinnati Milacron T/sup 3-/726 robot to assemble a gear box. >
Stoichiometry Control and Phase Selection in Hydrothermally Derived BaxSr1–xTiO3 Powders

Ba x Sr 1-x TiO 3 (BST) powders were processed at temperatures <100°C by reacting nanosized TiO 2 powders in alkaline, aqueous solutions of BaCl 2 , SrCl 2 , and NaOH. The effects of processing variables (NaOH concentration, time, temperature, and the ratios of barium, strontium, and titanium initially in solution) on the resultant BST powder stoichiometry and solid solubility were examined. In all cases, strontium was more readily incorporated into the BST powders than barium, and the extent varied systematically with the processing variables. BST powders that were processed in solutions with a large initial excess of barium and strontium, relative to titanium, consisted of a single-phase solid solution. In contrast, BST powders that were processed in solutions with a small initial excess of barium and strontium, relative to titanium, contained a biphasic solid solution which corresponded to separate barium-rich and strontium-rich phases.
Simple Home Program for Frozen Shoulder to Improve Patients' Assessment of Shoulder Function and Health Status

Background: The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that a simple home program can improve the self-assessed shoulder function and health status of a group of patients with frozen shoulders. Methods: A case series using a one-group pretest, posttest design analyzing 41 patients from a single orthopedic practice who had a frozen shoulder were included in this study. The patients completed the Simple Shoulder Test (SST) and the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionniare at the time of initial consultation, had treatment consisting of education regarding frozen shoulder and home stretching instructions, and were asked to complete the same questionnaires mailed every 6 months. Initial results were compared with previously published control values to establish level of impairment, and follow­ up results were compared with the initial results to determine the extent of improvement. Results: Patients initially had serious deficits in the 12 shoulder functions inventoried by the SST and were also compromised in their general health status as reflected by the SF-36 scores. At follow-up, 4 of 10 SST functions were improved (P < 0.001). The SF-36 health status scores of physical function, comfort, and physical role function were also improved (P < 0.001). Conclusion: These data suggest that this home program for frozen shoulder can lead to improved self­ assessed shoulder function and health status in patients similar to those in the study population. (J Am Board Fam Pract 1999;12:270-7.)
Clonal Populations of Thermotolerant Enterobacteriaceae in Recreational Water and Their Potential Interference with Fecal Escherichia coli Counts

Bacterial strains were isolated from beach water samples using the original Environmental Protection Agency method for Escherichia coli enumeration and analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Identical PFGE patterns were found for numerous isolates from 4 of the 9 days sampled, suggesting environmental replication. 16S rRNA gene sequencing, API 20E biochemical testing, and the absence of -glucuronidase activity revealed that these clonal isolates were Klebsiella, Citrobacter, and Enterobacter spp. In contrast, 82% of the nonclonal isolates from water samples were confirmed to be E. coli, and 16% were identified as other fecal coliforms. These nonclonal isolates produced a diverse range of PFGE patterns similar to those of isolates obtained directly from untreated sewage and gull droppings. -Glucuronidase activity was critical in distinguishing E. coli from other fecal coliforms, particularly for the clonal isolates. These findings demonstrate that E. coli is a better indicator of fecal pollution than fecal coliforms, which may replicate in the environment and falsely elevate indicator organism levels. Contamination of recreational water by farm waste runoff, sewage overflows, and other sources of fecal pollution that may contain pathogenic bacteria and viruses creates a serious water quality problem in the United States. Freshwaters are routinely monitored for fecal pollution using Escherichia coli as an indicator organism. This procedure—recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)—is based on epidemiological studies that demonstrate a direct relationship between the density of E. coli organisms in water and the occurrence of swimming-associated gastroenteritis (6, 21, 29).
Interleukin-1 beta modulates prostaglandin and progesterone production by primate luteal cells in vitro.

Increasing evidence suggests that cytokine products of the immune system may play a regulatory role in corpus luteum regulation in several species. The role of cytokines in primate luteal function, however, remains unclear. In the present study we examined the effects of interleukin-1 1 (IL-1 j3), tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa), and interferon-y (IFN-y) on progesterone and prostaglandin (PGE2, PGF2,) production by primate luteal cells in vitro. Specifically, corpora lutea were removed from normally cycling cynomolgus monkeys (n = 30 corpora lutea) during either the early (Days 3-5 after the estimated LH surge), mid (Days 8-10), or late (Days 12-14) luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The corpora lutea were dispersed into individual cells using collagenase, DNase, and hyaluronidase. Approximately 50 000 viable luteal cells per tube were incubated in Ham's F-10 medium with increasing concentrations of IL-1 (0.1-10 ng/ml), TNFa (1-100 ng/ml), or IFN-y (10-1000 U/ml) in the presence and absence of hCG for 8 h at 37°C. TNFa and IFN-y had no effect on progesterone, PGE2, or PGF 2production during any phase of the cycle at the doses tested. In contrast, IL-1 significantly stimulated PGF2. production in a dose-dependent manner during the mid and late luteal phases (p < 0.05). Human CG alone had no effect on PGE2 or PGF2,, production by dispersed luteal cells in vitro but inhibited IL-11stimulated PGF 2 production. As expected, hCG stimulated progesterone production by primate luteal cells in vitro. Interestingly, IL-1 1 inhibited this hCG stimulation of progesterone production. In summary, these data suggest that IL-113 is a potentially important modulator of prostaglandin production by the primate corpus luteum. In view of this, cytokine-mediated changes in prostaglandin production by the primate corpus luteum may participate in the physiological regulation of luteal function.
EFFECTS OF NITROUS OXIDE AND VOLATILE ANAESTHETICS ON CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW

Nitrous oxide and halogenated anaesthetic agents are often administered concurrently during neuroanaesthesia. To assess the interactive effects of these agents on cerebral blood flow (CBF), we have measured CBF by 14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiography, in normocapnic rats receiving either 0.5 or 1.0 MAC of volatile agent alone (halothane or isoflurane) or 0.5 MAC of volatile agent+0.5 MAC nitrous oxide. CBF (global and regional) was significantly greater at 1.0 MAC compared with 0.5 MAC, regardless of how 1.0 MAC was achieved (agent alone or agent+nitrous oxide) (P
Experimental and modeling studies of the plasma bullet lifetime

Summary form only given. Several experimental results have shown that atmospheric pressure low temperature plasma jet (APLTPJ) is not a continuous medium; it consists of a train of bullet-like-structures called plasma bullets, propagating in the surrounding air with supersonic velocities in order of 104-105 m/s without any external electric field [1]. Therefore, the visible appearance of the plasma jet is actually the footprint of the plasma bullet. In this work, the plasma bullet lifetime will be investigated.is found that the plasma bullet lifetime depends on three factors: the helium flow rate, the width of the applied voltage pulse, and its magnitude. The plasma bullet follows the trajectory of the helium gas channel, indicating that helium mole fraction value along the ionization channel should be more than a critical limit to sustain the plasma bullet propagation. This critical value will be determined for the different helium flow rates. The width of the applied high voltage pulse is also important. For pulse widths less than 700 ns, the plasma bullet stops propagating after the secondary discharge ignition, which occurs at the end of the voltage pulse. For longer pulses it is the diffusion of oxygen into the helium channel that extinguishes the bullet. In addition, how much energy is transferred into ionization is an important parameter because the plasma bullet dissipates its energy as it propagates forward. The effect of the magnitude of the applied high voltage on the plasma bullet lifetime will be also discussed.
Synthesis and stability of a high-pressure polymorph of sulfur

Abstract A new quenchable polymorph of sulfur has been prepared under high pressure and elevated temperature. It is stable between 300°C and the liquidus in the pressure range 30–60 kb and is characterized by unique X-ray powder diffraction data and optical properties. The strongest powder diffraction lines are 4.04A (100), 3.22A (35), 2.90A (20), 2.27 A (20) and 1.34A (15). The phase is uniaxial positive and shows essentially total absorption and total transmission of polarized white light vibrating parallel and perpendicular to the optic axis, respectively. It gives a symmetrical electron spin resonance line with g = 2.0036 ± 0.0005.
Statistical error analysis of VLSI architectures: methodology and a case study

A methodology is presented for the statistical analysis of the arithmetic error of VLSI architectures. Attention is focused on predicting the arithmetic errors of the overall architecture as a function of register lengths, the type of word representations used, and the precision of the arithmetic blocks (adder/subtracters, multipliers, shifters, dividers, etc.). The methodology is demonstrated by application to a newly developed for use in a large-scale signal processing wafer architecture, a L-U decomposition array. The wafer design, intended for radar signal processing, is part of an ongoing effort on restructurable wafer-scale integration for large-scale signal processing. >
Sedimentation rates on tidal salt marshes in Connecticut

ABSTRACT Rates of sediment accretion from 1963-1973 on five high marsh sites on the Connecticut coast of Long Island Sound ranged from 2.0 mm/yr to 6.6 mm/yr. The rates are correlated with tidal range; the highest sedimentation rates are on marshes with the greatest tidal range. The greater the tidal range, the larger are the deviations of high-tide level. Thus, greater net flooding occurs on high marshes with greater tide ranges and may cause the observed high accretion rates. Over ten years no measurable compaction has taken place within the near-surface sediment. Years with fewer than average storms show less sediment accretion. A sedimentation rate of 17.1 mm/yr from 1963-1973 was measured where Spartina patens salt marsh is giving way to Phragmites communis.
Selective reduction of one mode of M-channel gating by muscarine in sympathetic neurons

M-current is widespread in the nervous system. It stabilizes cell excitability, and its suppression by muscarinic receptor activation underlies slow synaptic transmission in sympathetic neurons. Suppression of M-current was one of the first examples of neuromodulation of a potassium current, but the mechanism is not understood. Single-channel recording was used to study this issue. An M-channel with two conductance states, which exhibited appropriate voltage-dependent kinetics with two modes of gating, has been resolved. Mode 1 comprises short open time, low open probability events, and mode 2 openings represent long open time, high open probability behavior. Muscarine decreased M-channel activity by selectively reducing mode 2 M-channel gating through a diffusible second messenger. It is suggested that control of modal gating may be a widespread mechanism for neuromodulation.
Dopaminergic involvement in activational aspects of motivation: Effects of haloperidol on schedule-induced activity, feeding, and foraging in rats

The dopamine antagonist haloperidol (HP) decreased motor activity that was induced by periodic presentation of food to food-deprived rats, with the higher doses leading to a marked decline in activity across the 30-min test session. However, HP-treated rats continued to consume all the food pellets, and 1 rat that was directly observed continued to remain in proximity to the food dish. HP also disrupted foraging and food intake in a seminaturalistic environment. In addition to decreasing food intake, HP decreased the average duration, and increased the total number, of feeding bouts. These results indicate that although HP disrupted the activational aspects of food-motivated behavior in these tasks, HP-treated subjects continued to direct behavior toward food acquisition and consumption.
Criteria for crack extension in cylindrical pressure vessels

This paper describes three closely related criteria for the extension of axial through-cracks in cylindrical pressure vessels: (1) a fracture-toughness criterion mainly for low- and medium-tough materials, (2) a plastic flow stress criterion for short cracks in tough materials, and (3) a modification of (1) for relatively thin-walled containers. The development couples the Folias theoretical treatment of a pressurized cylindrical shell with the fracture-toughness approach and a new plasticity correction. This correction, which is consistent with crack-tip displacement measurements, shows that the plastic-flow strength governs the extension of short cracks in vessels fabricated from tough materials. This is to be contrasted with the behavior of longer cracks or more brittle materials which depends on the fracture toughness. The formulation is extended to vessels with large radius to wall-thickness ratios, e.g., R/t > 50 by way of a simple empirical modification. In this way, estimates of critical hoop stress-crack length combinations can be derived from the vessel radius to wall-thickness ratio, and either the ordinary yield strength, the yield and ultimate strengths, or Kc without prior full-scale test experience. Such estimates are shown to be in accord with the large body of published data encompassing ductile-steel, brittle-steel, as well as aluminum- and titanium-alloy vessels.
Two Thousand Consecutive Pancreaticoduodenectomies

Background The first successful local resection of a periampullary tumor was performed by Halsted in 1898. Kausch performed the first regional resection in 1909, and the operation was popularized by Whipple in 1935. The operation was infrequently performed until the 1980s and 1990s. Study Design Two thousand consecutive pancreaticoduodenectomies performed by 1 surgeon (JLC) from the 1960s to the 2000s were retrospectively reviewed from a prospectively maintained database. The first 1,000 were performed over a period of 34 years, the second 1,000 over a period of 9 years. Results The most common indication throughout was adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas (PDAC, 46%). Benign intraductal papillary mutinous neoplasm (IPMN) increased from 1% (1990s) to 8% (2000s) (p = 0.002). Age range was 13 years to 103 years. Mean age increased from 59 years (1980s) to 66 (2000s) (p = 0.001), as did those older than 80 (3% to 12%, p = 0.002). Thirty-day mortality was 1.4%; hospital mortality was 1.7%. Delayed gastric emptying (23%), pancreatic fistulas (16%), and wound infections (11%), were the most frequent morbidity, and have not decreased. The median number of blood transfusions decreased from 2 (1980s) to 0 (1990s and 2000s) (p = 0.004). Length of stay decreased from 21 days (1980s) to 13 (1990s) days to 10 days (2000s) (p = 0.002). Five-year survival for PDAC increased from 19% (1990s) to 24% (2000s) (p = 0.02), and 5-year survival for node-negative, margin-negative PDAC patients was 39%. Conclusions The volume of pancreatic pathology has attracted 22 basic and clinical scientists to Hopkins, which has $28.5 million of direct support and more than $30 million in endowments, to support research in pancreatic cancer. The volume of clinical material has also supported the training of many young surgeons, 15 of whom have become department chairmen, and more than 20 have become division chiefs.
Toby Johnson (A): Leading After School

After completing her MBA in 2007, Toby Johnson, a former army pilot with the 18th Airborne Corps Rapid Deployment Force, joined PepsiCo's Leadership Development Program (LDP). For her first assignment with PepsiCo, Johnson accepted a position as a manufacturing-manager at a Frito-La y plant in Williamsport, PA. The Williamsport plant had 200 employees and 54 million pounds of production per year. The case describes how Johnson took charge of the plant, and her action plan for implementing a new set of changes. During Johnson's tenure at Williamsport, the plant was nominated as a potential site for a company-wide transformative initiative. This initiative would entail major changes in the current team structure and incentive program within Frito-Lay. Johnson needed to think carefully about this change implementation.
Hangovers and attitudes toward drinking

Analysis of responses of male psychiatric inpatients to a questionnaire indicated that those who had negative attitudes toward alcohol experienced more frequent and severe hangovers, regardless of ...
Determination of the real part of the ϱ-nucleon scattering amplitude

Abstract The real part of the ϱ-nucleon scattering amplitude is determined via a Regge pole type theory from data on the forward production cross section for ϱ o photoproduction. This result agrees with the real part of photon elastic scattering.
Sleep Duration and Behavioral Symptoms of Adhd

To evaluate the association of short sleep duration with behavioral symptoms of ADHD, a cross-sectional study of children born in 1998 in Helsinki, Finland, was conducted by researchers at the Universities of Helsinki and Oulu, Finland.
Ray Hagen (B)

In the A case, Ray Hagen describes buying a company, building it, and then facing a serious problem with one of his early employees, an abrasive man who does not get along well with other employees but who has generated considerable business. This employee has a heart attack and then wants to come back to work. While he has been away, however, the company has run more smoothly. In the B case (UVA-OB-0263), Hagen postpones the decision of whether or not to allow the employee to return to work after having a heart attack by leaving it up to a subordinate. In the C case (UVA-OB-0264), Hagen fires the man, who then sues for age discrimination. In the D case (UVA-OB-0265), Hagen settles the federal, state, and civil suits out of court and then observes that one of his young accountants wants to fire an older woman who does not seem to be doing her job.
Impact and Corrosion Resistances of Duplex Epoxy/Enamel Coated Plates

Abstract The microstructure, impact resistance, pull-off adhesion strength, and corrosion resistances of duplex epoxy/enamel coating applied on steel plates are investigated experimentally. In comparison with those of individual epoxy and enamel coatings, the duplex coating has lower adhesion strength, higher impact resistance, higher short-term and long-term corrosion resistances both in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution and saturated Ca(OH)2 solution with various chloride concentrations. This is because the outer epoxy fills the micro pores in the inner enamel. Impact induced damage significantly reduces the corrosion resistances of epoxy and duplex coatings but has little effect on the corrosion resistance of enamel coating.
Globalizations of Law from the Perspective of International Trade Law (and Agricultural Commodities)

The impact of Duncan Kennedy on legal scholarship has been undeniable. In this paper the author pays tribute to Duncan Kennedy and the impact that his work has had on the study of law, most specifically, the globalization of law. This article analyzes the institutional history of international trade law through a world-systems analysis and demonstrates how Kennedy’s work on the globalization of law is relevant to this project.
Asymmetric synthesis of a to nitrogen substituted azaheterocycles. Application to the total synthesis of S-(-)-Anabasine.

Chiral azaheterocycles substituted a to nitrogen represent the core unit of a wide range of alkaloids and biologically active compounds. They also play an important role as key targets for the pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, the stereocontrol of carbon centers embedded in these azaheterocycles is a permanent synthetic task for organic chemists. In this regard, we have developed an alternative and conceptually new synthetic approach to a variety of 2-heteroaryl cyclic amines and 6-aryl piperidin-2-ones which is based upon the asymmetric reduction of chiral endocyclic enenydrazides bearing a (S)-methylprolinol chiral auxiliary (SMP). This new synthetic methodology has then been illustrated by the total synthesis of S-(‑)-Anabasine and the stereoselective synthesis of cis-2,6-diarylated piperidines in high yields and high level of enantioselectivity.
Promotional Effects of Mesoporous Zeolites with Pt Nanoparticle Catalysts during Reforming of Methylcyclopentane

Selective C–C and C–H bond activations are an important catalytic process to produce various value-added hydrocarbons via reforming processes. For producing desired product with a high yield, control of reaction pathway through the design of catalyst and fundamental understanding and clarification of reaction mechanism are prerequisite. In this work, we designed heterogeneous catalysts by combining Pt nanoparticles and two different mesoporous zeolites with microporous frameworks of BEA and MFI for the hydrogenative model reforming reaction of hydrocarbon (i.e., methylcyclopentane). Depending on the catalyst combination, the reaction pathways of (i) dehydrogenation, (ii) ring-opening with isomerization, and ring-enlargement with (iii) hydrogenation and (iv) dehydrogenation of C5-cyclic ring to C6-cyclic ring (i.e., cyclohexane and benzene) can be controlled to produce various products with high yields. Furthermore, we revealed a reaction intermediate formed at the interface of Pt and zeolite by real-time ...
Chemotherapy of colon and rectal cancer.

Comprehensive evaluation of the use of 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, with comparison of various schedules of administration and dosage that have been studied.
Revealing Gender Bias: An Experiential Exercise

ABSTRACTStereotyping and biases continue to be a problem in many facets of society. Understanding how biases may affect recruitment and retention of employees has become a priority issue for companies, not only from an image perspective but also from a firm performance perspective, since both research and industry experience have shown that diverse teams generate better results. The need to address these issues, particularly with students who will become leaders in organizations, remains a priority in business education. In this article, we present an experiential activity that management instructors can use to help students understand and appreciate the reality and power of unconscious bias. The focus of this activity is on uncovering gender bias, yet the basic framework of the activity can easily be adapted to focus on other types of unconscious bias and stereotyping.
Adrenal or thyroid influences on pineal-mediated gonadal regression in male syrian hamsters

L'etude determine si des manipulations hormonales sont capables d'empecher la regression gonadique induite par la courte photoperiode d'origine epiphysaire. Les resultats suggerent que la glande epiphysaire peut rester physiologiquement active en depit de desequilibres hormonaux majeurs
Principles of Geology: A Secular Fissure in Scientific Knowledge

A study of nineteenth-century secularism would be grossly incomplete and nearly incomprehensible if it failed to address scientific knowledge production in the period. However, as Charles Taylor has suggested in A Secular Age, ‘secularization’, to the extent that it can be thought to have happened, cannot be understood as an inevitable effect of the ‘rise of science’, urbanization, bureaucratic rationalization, and so forth — that is, as a result of the processes of modernity itself.1 Nor, with Owen Chadwick, can we regard the secular as a by-product of materialist science in particular.2 For Taylor, the standard secularization thesis, among its many flaws, amounts to an instance of the hysteron proteron fallacy — a confusion of subject and predicate, of cause and effect — or of affirming the consequent: modern science (or urbanization, rationality, or what have you) is secular; thus, with the advent of modern science comes secularization. But this construction begs the question: how did science become secular before secularization, as such?
Institutional and Societal Cultures

This chapter illustrates the current state of affairs, explores concepts of social exclusion–inclusion and organizational culture, and it posits that existing conceptual models do not align institutional practices with policies. Further, it highlights some of the unintended consequences and tensions that can arise in the course of implementing strategies for a more inclusive institution. Finally, it proposes a model to enhance diversity and inclusion.
social influence on evacuation Behavior in real and Virtual environments

Virtual reality (VR) is a promising tool to study evacuation behavior as it allows experimentally controlled, safe simulation of otherwise dangerous situations. However, validation studies comparing evacuation behavior in real and virtual environments are still scarce. We compare the decision to evacuate in response to a fire alarm in matched physical and virtual environments. 150 participants were tested individually in a one-trial experiment in one of three conditions. In the Control condition, the fire alarm sounded while the participant performed a bogus perceptual matching task. In the Passive bystander condition, the participant performed the task together with a confederate who ignored the fire alarm. In the Active bystander condition, the confederate left the room when the fire alarm went off. Half of the participants in each condition experienced the scenario in the real laboratory, and the other half in a matched virtual environment with a virtual bystander, presented in a head-mounted display. The active bystander group was more likely to evacuate, and the passive bystander group less likely to evacuate, than the control group. This pattern of social influence was observed in both the real and virtual environments, although the overall response to the virtual alarm was reduced; positive influence was comparable, whereas negative influence was weaker in VR. We found no reliable gender effects for the participant or the bystander. These findings extend the bystander effect to the decision to evacuate, revealing a positive as well as the previous negative social influence. The results support the ecological validity of VR as a research tool to study evacuation behavior in emergency situations, with the caveat that effect sizes may be smaller in VR.
Financial Barriers to Health Care Among Mexican Americans With Chronic Disease and Depression or Anxiety in El Paso, Texas:

Purpose: To determine the barriers to health care access by chronic disease and depression/anxiety diagnosis in Mexican Americans living in El Paso, TX. Design: A secondary analysis was conducted u...
A Study of the Site Specific Distribution of Agave Parryi in East Central Arizona

ABSTRACTWhile there have been many observations concerning specific plant distributions as they relate to archaeological sites, most of the associated species are “weedy”—they inhabit disturbed microenvironments. The distribution of Agave parryi Engelm. in the western portion of Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest exhibits an interesting association with archaeological sites. Because agave does not have a weedy growth pattern, the specific mechanisms of this relationship are described and it is argued that the distribution is the result of prehistoric introduction.
Jeff Madrick: Seven Bad Ideas: How Mainstream Economists Have Damaged America and the World

Seven Bad Ideas: How Mainstream Economists Have Damaged America and the World is an excellent critique of orthodox economics and the way it has evolved over the last forty years. Jeff Madrick not o...
A twenty year case history: B-9 Hollow fiber permeator

Abstract It was exactly 20 years ago that Du Pont, capitalizing on thirty years of nylon chemistry, revolutionized an industry by introducing its proprietary, brackish water, hollow fiber, aramid B-9 permeator. The desalination market, a province of ion exchange and various thermal processes for so many years was permanently altered as reverse osmosis, a one-time laboratory curiosity, was now a fully economically viable technological competitor. Since introduction, over a hundred thousand permeators representing in excess of three quarters of a billion gallons (over 3 million cubic meters) of product water per day have been supplied to all areas of the world for use in potable, commercial and industrial applications. This paper reviews the chemistry and engineering of this most successful desalination device, discusses significant long lived applications and foretells and road of future improvement.
Bfr (bendamustine, fludarabine, rituximab) Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Conditioning Improves Survival in Relapsed/Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL).

Background: Bendamustine is a novel active agent in CLL with favorable safety profile. We recently reported the preliminary results of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) in lymphoma/CLL patients (pts) after BFR conditioning (Khouri et al. Blood 2014; 124:2306). Herein, we report more mature outcomes in CLL pts. Results and safety were compared with a previous regimen using FCR (fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, rituximab). Patients and Methods: We studied 89 CLL pts treated on 3 trials (one includes FCR later changed to BFR) at our center. Twenty-six (29%) pts received BFR and 63 (71%) received FCR. The BFR regimen consisted of bendamustine 130 mg/m 2 IV daily on days -5 to - 3 prior to transplantation, thus substituting the cyclophosphamide in the FCR regimen. The dose and schedule of fludarabine (30 mg/m 2 IV daily on days -5 to -3) and rituximab (375 mg/m 2 IV on day -13 and 1000 mg/m 2 on days -6, +1, +8) were similar in both regimens. Tacrolimus and mini-methotrexate were used for GVHD prophylaxis. In addition, thymoglobulin 1 mg/kg IV was given on days -2, and -1 in patients receiving a matched unrelated donor (MUD) transplant. Results: Patient characteristics were similar in both groups. This included median age (58 years in both), sex distribution, and median number of prior therapies (3 in both), % pts with β2-microglobulin >3 mg/L at study entry, refractory disease (38% in BFR vs. 48% in FCR, P=0.4), presence of 17p deletion [27% in BFR vs. (8/33) 24% in FCR], unmutated status [19/21 (90%) of BFR vs 22/24 (92%) in FCR] and peripheral blood stem cell source (92% in BFR vs. 87% in FCR). Donor/recipient CMV and sex-mismatched distributions were not significantly different between the groups. However, more patients received their transplants from unrelated donors in the BFR group than the FCR group (54% vs. 32%, P=0.05). Ten (38%) BFR pts vs 2 (3%) FCR pts did not experience severe neutropenia (P 50 years (79% vs 50%), β2-microglobulin >3 mg/L (73% vs 45%), >3 prior lines of therapy (70% vs 43%) and recent years of transplant (82% vs 47%). Treatment-related mortality was 11% and 27% (P=0.05) at 2-year. The incidence of acute grade 3 GVHD was 4% and 10% in the BFR and FCR groups, respectively, despite the higher % of MUD transplants in BFR. Grade 4 acute GVHD was not observed in either group. The 3-year incidence of extensive chronic GVHD in BFR vs FCR was 45% vs 58% (P=0.01). This difference in GVHD incidence may in part be explained by a lower absolute blood level of CD8+ T cells in BFR patients compared to the FCR group at 6 months (median 343 vs 538, respectively) and 9 months (median 208 vs 406, respectively) post alloSCT. Conclusions: This is the first study to show that conditioning in alloSCT for CLL impacts outcomes with an improved survival after BFR when compared to the FCR regimen. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Reoperations After Esophageal Atresia Repair (for Significant Leaks, Recurrent Fistulas, Strictures, Residual Tracheal Pouches, Large Diverticula, Partially Intrathoracic Stomachs, and Failed Repairs)

Reoperation may be needed for a number of reasons following repair of esophageal atresia (EA) with or without a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). Although not all complications require reoperation, one may be desirable either because of the severity or to bring the problem to a close if nonoperative treatment has been unsuccessful. The judgments about the severity of the problem or the risk of reoperation will vary considerably among practitioners, consequently, so will treatment plans. For many surgeons, a reoperation understandably seems daunting and clearly requires experience and a center that is able to support complex procedures. Currently, there is a lack of clear definitions and guidelines for what deserves reoperation; nevertheless, with these variables in mind, we will present our approach for significant complications which we believe justify an operative solution.
Review of Elizabeth Haddon and Pamela Burnard, ed. Creative Teaching for Creative Learning in Higher Music Education. New York: Routledge, 2016.

Through the lens of music education in the United Kingdom and Australian systems, the authors of Creative Teaching for Creative Learning in Higher Education provide a blueprint for other music departments to define, develop, and engage in creative teaching and learning.