cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast: A Surgical Perspective

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a heterogeneous neoplasm with invasive potential. Risk factors include age, family history, hormone replacement therapy, genetic mutation, and patient lifestyle. The incidence of DCIS has increased due to more widespread use of screening and diagnostic mammography; almost 80% of cases are diagnosed with imaging with final diagnosis established by biopsy and histological examination. There are various classification systems used for DCIS, the most recent of which is based on the presence of intraepithelial neoplasia of the ductal epithelium (DIN). A number of molecular assays are now available that can identify high-risk patients as well as help establish the prognosis of patients with diagnosed DCIS. Current surgical treatment options include total mastectomy, simple lumpectomy in very low-risk patients, and lumpectomy with radiation. Adjuvant therapy is tailored based on the molecular profile of the neoplasm and can include aromatase inhibitors, anti-estrogen, anti-progesterone (or a combination of antiestrogen and antiprogesterone), and HER2 neu suppression therapy. Chemopreventive therapies are under investigation for DCIS, as are various molecular-targeted drugs. It is anticipated that new biologic agents, when combined with hormonal agents such as SERMs and aromatase inhibitors, may one day prevent all forms of breast cancer.
Numerically simulated flow characteristics of particulate beds in oscillating sectorial containers

Abstract In this work, the well-known Cundall–Strack discrete element simulation is employed to investigate the flow characteristics of unary and binary particulate beds in oscillating sectorial containers. The simulated flow characteristics of both unary and binary granular beds in the oscillating sectorial containers have similarities with those of the particulate beds subjected to combined vertical and horizontal vibrations in that the granular bed heaps toward one of the container walls. However, heaping in an oscillating container can be either active or stagnant. Active heaping occurs in lower bounded and upper unbounded frequency ranges and is characterized by a heap that keeps shifting alternately from one radial wall to another during an oscillation cycle. In case of stagnant heaping, which occurs in an intermediate frequency range, the particulate heap becomes almost fixed and does not change its orientation with respect to the oscillating container. It is found that in the stagnant regime, there is a critical frequency at which heaping becomes symmetrical. The asymmetric heaping patterns formed in both active and stagnant regimes at frequencies below and above the critical frequency are of opposite orientations. In a binary particulate bed of initially separate layers of two different size particles, continued oscillations of the container, at frequencies in active heaping regimes, lead to good mixing of the binary set of particles.
Subjective probabilities for sex of next child: U.S. college students and Philippine villagers.

Recent models for fertility decision making emphasize that subjective probabilities and beliefs may be as important determinants of fertility decisions as are attitudes values and utilities. This study assessed a particularly relevant subjective probability for fertility decisions -- subjective probability for sex of next birth -- using 2 samples: 132 students at the University of Colorado and 659 residents of 2 villages in the southern Philippines. Most respondents in both samples incorrectly believe that a relationship exists between a familys current sex composition and the probabilities for sex of next birth. Subjective probability errors by most respondents are consistent and classifiable into 2 types: gamblers fallacy (belief that the sex more numerous in the present family is less likely on the next birth) and trend (belief that the more numerous sex is more likely on the next birth). Implications of these findings for parity-progression ratio methods for measuring sex preferences family planning programs and models for the incorrect subjective probabilities are discussed.(AUTHOR ABSTRACT)
LIFO Distribution Systems

The regional distribution problem for a perishable product is examined, under the important assumption that younger units are issued first (LIFO) to satisfy the demands of the customers at the locations. Optimal and approximately optimal allocation policies for two alternative distribution systems are derived. Their properties are discussed, and comparisons are made with the equivalent policies in a FIFO environment.
Fracture of brittle epitaxial films under the influence of misfit stress

Abstract Epitaxial films of brittle materials like the garnets often fracture under the influence of tensile (misfit) stresses. A consideration of the conditions which lead to fracture indicates that cracks will not propagate in a film which is strongly bonded to its substrate unless the film thickness is greater than the Griffith crack length. Predictions based on this condition are in good agreement with all experimental determinations of the circumstances which lead to cracks.
Toward Determining Changes in Engineering-Related Social Capital: Resource Composition as Students Make Decisions About College

Applying Lin’s Network Theory of Social Capital, a survey instrument developed by the research team was used to capture information regarding the size, structure, and composition of students’ social networks and resources related to engineering studies and careers. Data were collected from 1,410 undergraduate engineering students at five institutions in the United States. Participants were asked to reflect back to the time when they were deciding to major in engineering, identify names of people they considered influential to their decision (forming their engineering-related social network), and identify resources that were accessed through these networks. Cluster analysis was used to group participants according to social capital characteristics including network size, strength of ties, heterophily or diversity of relationships, and embedded resources. Two separate cluster analyses were conducted. The analysis based on social network characteristics yielded a three-cluster solution, identifying one group with larger networks consisting of both strong and weak ties, and two groups with smaller networks, one reporting more use of strong, family-based ties and the other reporting more influence from weaker, non-family ties. The analysis based on engineering-related resources grouped students into two categories: one reporting higher access to engineering-related resources and another group which reported, on average, lower access to each resource. Demographic analyses of the clusters revealed lower resource access was most often reported by Hispanic, first generation in college, and lower-income students while higher resource access was reported by more students who have an engineer parent or who knew an engineer before college.
Our Affair With El Niño: How We Transformed an Enchanting Peruvian Current into a Global Climate Hazard

This book by an oceanographer who has researched the El Nino phenomenon for quite some time is a compilation of 19 essays, and is divided into five parts: (1) Who is El Nino? (2) Our Dilemma. (3) Common Ground.
Characterization of human cervical remodeling throughout pregnancy using in vivo Raman spectroscopy

Globally, fifteen million babies are born preterm each year, affecting 1 in 8 pregnancies in the US alone. Cervical remodeling includes a biochemical cascade of changes that ultimately result in the thinning and dilation of the cervix for passage of a fetus. This process is poorly understood and is the focus of this study. Our group is utilizing Raman spectroscopy to evaluate biochemical changes occurring in the human cervix throughout pregnancy. This technique has high molecular specificity and can be performed in vivo, with the potential to unveil new molecular dynamics essential for cervical remodeling.
The dynamics of the Stiglitz policy in the RSS model

Abstract We examine a policy proposed by Stiglitz in the context of a multi-sector model proposed by Robinson, Solow, and Srinivasan (henceforth the RSS model) and recently reconsidered by Khan and Mitra. We characterize the policy by drawing on and extending dynamical systems theory in order to divide the parameter space into regions of a unique attracting cycle of each period and a region of no attracting cycles. This characterization allows us to establish the result that the policy is “bad” for almost all initial stocks for a range of parameter values, when we shift from a continuous-time to a discrete-time setting.
Perioperative Hyperglycemia: Effect on Outcome After Infant Congenital Heart Surgery

Background Studies demonstrate that cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes intraoperative and postoperative hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia has been associated with morbidity and mortality after infant cardiac surgery. We studied the effects on early postoperative outcomes of glucose (GLU) changes during and after pediatric cardiac surgery. Methods The records of 144 infants less than 10 kg who underwent CPB for a variety of congenital cardiac procedures were reviewed. The GLU values (at multiple intervals during and after surgery), age, weight, CPB time, ultrafiltration volume, and risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery (RACHS-1) score were recorded. Univariate and multivariate linear and binary logistic regression were used to examine the dependence of the composite outcome mortality or postoperative infection, the mechanical ventilation time (VENT time), and the length of stay (LOS), on these variables. Results The RACHS-1 score was the only significant predictor of the composite variable "mortality or infection" ( p = 0.008). Glucose at any time was not a significant factor predicting this outcome. Lower pre-CPB GLU, younger age, and higher RACHS-1 score were significant predictors of greater LOS and VENT time. Conclusions In this study, post-CPB and postoperative hyperglycemia were not risk factors for postoperative morbidity and mortality after infant cardiac surgery.
The climatic response of the Arctic Ocean to Soviet river diversions

A numerical model is constructed to evaluate the effect of river diversions on the circulation of the Arctic Ocean, including the climatically important response in the extent of sea ice. The ocean model solves the primitive equations of motion in finite-difference form for the irregular geometry of the Arctic Ocean and Greenland/Norwegian Sea, using 110 km horizontal grid spacing and up to 13 unevenly spaced levels in the vertical. Annual mean atmospheric conditions and river discharges are specified from observations. The presence of sea ice is diagnosed on the basis of model ocean temperature; and the effects of sea ice on the surface fluxes of momentum, heat, and salt are included in a simplified way. Lateral exchanges at the southernmost boundary are held near observed values but respond to circulation changes in the Greenland/Norwegian Sea. Three equilibrium solutions are obtained by eighty-year integrations from simple initial conditions: the first with inflow from all rivers, the second with one-third of the inflow diverted from four major rivers (the Ob, Yenesei, Dvina, and Pechora), and the third with total diversion from those rivers. The middle case corresponds to maximal diversions which are either planned or envisioned by the Soviet Union over the next fifty years, whereas the final extreme case is run in the event that model sensitivity is low relative to that of nature.
Isolation and characterization of two soluble heme c-containing proteins from Chromatium vinosum

Abstract The photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium Chromatium vinosum has been shown to possess two previously undetected heme c-containing, soluble proteins. One is an acidic, c-type cytochrome with a molecular weight of 12 300 and an oxidation-reduction midpoint potential (at pH 8.0) of −82 mV. The other protein is a basic protein with a molecular weight of 11 900 and an oxidation-reduction midpoint potential (at pH 8.0) of −110 mV. The basic protein, in both oxidized and reduced forms, has optical spectra similar to those of myoglobin and the oxidized C. vinosum protein exhibits a high-spin heme EPR spectrum similar to that of metmyoglobin. Furthermore, the basic C. vinosum protein binds CO and O2. The spectra of the CO and O2 complexes show significant similarities with the respective myoglobin complexes. Possible functions for an O2-binding protein in C. vinosum are discussed.
Cerebral Astrocyte Response to Micromachined Silicon Implants

The treatment of neurologic disorders and the restoration of lost function due to trauma by neuroprosthetic devices has been pursued for over 20 years. The methodology for fabricating miniature devices with sophisticated electronic functions to interface with nervous system tissue is available, having been well established by the integrated circuit industry. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of these devices is severely limited by the tissue reaction to the insertion and continuous presence of the implant, a foreign object. This study was designed to document the response of reactive astrocytes in the hope that this information will be useful in specifying new fabrication technologies and devices capable of prolonged functioning in the brain. Model probes fabricated from single crystal silicon wafers were implanted into the cerebral cortices of rats. The probes had a 1 × 1-mm tab, for handling, and a 2-mm-long shaft with a trapezoidal cross-section (200-μm base, 60μm width at the top, and 130 μm height). The tissue response was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy at postinsertion times ranging from 2 to 12 weeks. A continuous sheath of cells was found to surround the insertion site in all tissue studied and was well developed but loosely organized at 2 weeks. By 6 and 12 weeks, the sheath was highly compacted and continuous, isolating the probe from the brain. At 2 and 4 weeks, the sheath was disrupted when the probe was removed from the fixed tissue, indicating that cells attached more strongly to the surface of the probe than to the nearby tissue. The later times showed much less disruption. Scanning electron microscopy of the probes showed adherent cells or cell fragments at all time points. Thus, as the sheath became compact, the cells on the probe and the cells in the sheath had decreased adhesion to each other. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated that the sheath was labeled with antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an indicator for reactive gliosis. The tissue surrounding the insertion site showed an increased number of GFAP-positive cells which tended to return to control levels as a function of time after probe insertion. It was concluded that reactive gliosis is an important part of the process forming the cellular sheath. Further, the continuous presence of the probe appears to result in a sustained response that produces and maintains a compact sheath, at least partially composed of reactive glia, which isolates the probe from the brain.
Quantum-nondemolition measurement and squeezing in type-II harmonic generation with triple resonance.

Classical and quantum fluctuations are analyzed in the system of type-II harmonic generation where two frequency-degenerate subharmonic fields with orthogonal polarizations are required for the generation of a harmonic field. The two subharmonic fields as well as the harmonic fields are on resonance in a cavity. It is found that there is no self-pulsing behavior as predicted for the type-I case where the intensities of both the subharmonic and the harmonic fields undergo fast oscillation. Instead there exists a threshold that is identified as the onset of an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) formed by a subharmonic mode with its polarization orthogonal to the input polarization (not the original modes). When the loss for the harmonic field is small, most of the input power is converted to the output power of the OPO. Under this circumstance, quantum-nondemolition measurements of the input can be performed at certain frequencies. The spectra of squeezing are calculated for the two subharmonic modes and it is found that both modes are squeezed for a certain range of frequency. The output of the OPO is found to exhibit phase squeezing.
Patterns and mechanisms of plant succession after fire on Artemisia-grass sites in southeastern Idaho

Cover data for plant species on eight environmentally similar sites that were each burned in a different year (from 2 to 36 years ago) were used to construct a composite sequence of vegetational change after fire on Artemisia-grassland sites in southeastern Idaho. Some species were early successional such as Lithospermum ruderale, and some late successional: Artemisia tridentata, A. tripartita, and Gutierreza sarothrae. But many species: Purshia tridentata, Symphoricarpos oreophilus, Amelanchier alnifolia, Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus, Achillea millefolium, Agropyron dasystachyum, and A. spicatum were present in both early and later stages. Shannon and Simpson indices of diversity and species richness indicated little change in alpha diversity through time. This was attributed mainly to the limited change in species composition from early to later stages. The general pattern of succession is compatible with the tolerance model of Connell & Slatyer (1977) in most respects. Species traits relating to persistence through a disturbance or re-establishment on the site, and tolerance of competition shape the course of succession on a site. Perennial grasses and forbs which sprout from the base after fire are the first species to dominate the sites. Sprouting shrubs, which require some years to regrow to their pre-fire form, are prominent by the sixth year. Shrubs which rely on dispersal become co-dominants in later stages, at which time some herbaceous species are reduced oreliminated. The pattern of succession can differ due to presence or absence of species with particular traits.
Chlordecone metabolism in the pig

Abstract The biotransformation of chlordecone (CD) to chlordecone alcohol (CDOH) occurs in man and gerbils but not in rats, guinea pigs and hamsters [1,2]. Because of the species differences in CDOH formation and the need for a suitable animal model, pigs were administered CD by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Plasma, gallbladder bile, hepatic bile, liver and feces were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography for CD metabolites. CDOH was present in bile and feces with up to 85 % conjugated in the bile but only 15% was conjugated in the feces. Up to 20% of the CD in plasma and bile and
Decline or Preservation of Executive Capacity? Political and Economic Integration Revisited

This article takes issue with the rational/intergovernmental approach to the study of European Union and integration by examining the impact of informal (global) integration on state capacity and executive autonomy in Belgium. Although intergovernmental arrangements occasionally serve to enhance policy capacity and executive capabilities, non-governmental dynamics, which surpass the deliberate pace of Member State bargaining, erode national decision-making authority. In Belgium, for example, regional integration sharpened economic disparities between the language communities and gave rise to a new generation of political leaders who took advantage of European institutions to promote decentralization of state functions and to restrict central government executive autonomy.
Inferences for Two-Stage Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse

Multiple imputation is a common approach for handling missing data. It allows users to make valid inferences using standard complete-data methods with simple combining rules. A variation is to partition the missing data into two portions and conduct the imputation in two stages. We review two-stage multiple imputation and existing inferential methods and derive an alternative reference F-distribution for large sample hypothesis testing for high-dimensional estimands. We also derive formulas for estimating rates of missing information.
Predictions and maps of county mean indoor radon concentrations in the mid-Atlantic states

Measured surface radium content, geologic province information, information on the fraction of homes with basements and with living-area basements, and measurements from the EPA/State Residential Radon Surveys, were used in a Bayesian mixed effects regression to predict the distributions of short-term winter and annual living-area average radon concentrations by county in the mid-Atlantic states. The information provided by those explanatory variables is roughly equivalent to collecting an extra 12 observations per county, effectively doubling the amount of information in a typical county. Predicted county geometric means are subject to standard errors of 15% to 30% for typical counties, with the uncertainty in a given county depending on the number of radon measurements in the county and the amount of information about the geologic province that contains the county. After controlling for soil radium concentration and the effect of measuring in a basement vs. the first floor, typical geologic provinces are found to be associated with elevation or depression of indoor radon concentrations by 30% on average, with some provinces having effects of considerably larger magnitude.
THE OCCUPATIONAL CULTURE OF CORRECTIONS AND POLICE OFFICERS

ABSTRACT This paper is a comparative analysis of the police and corrections occupations in the criminal justice system. Using field data and interviews gathered in several American police departments and in correctional sites in the Midwest, it explores the extent to which these occupations can be characterized by common analytic themes. Several matters are analyzed: features of the work, the bureaucratic environment of the work, and structural factors, such as their inspectorial strategy, rank structure and hierarchical chain of command, rule orientation. Finally, the occupational culture(s) of policing and correctional work is contrasted and compared. Neither culture is a unitary entity, but rather three segments exist: lower participants, middle management, and top command This paper will systematically describe each segment. The comparison will provide a finer analysis and discrimination of the dimensions of both occupations and afford a richer detailed exploration of policing and correctional work.
Ethics and disclosure: A study of the financial performance of firms in the seasoned equity offerings market

In this article, we examine the association between ethics and disclosure and the impact of this association on the long-term, post-issue performance of seasoned equity offerings (SEOs). We argue that firms with extensive disclosure are less likely to face information problems, and more likely to lead to an active shareholder monitoring, and therefore, engage in fewer unethical activities, such as aggressive earnings manipulation, and have better long-term, post-issue performance. Consistent with these predictions, this study presents evidence that disclosure is negatively related to unethical earnings manipulation and positively associated with long-term, post-issue performance. In particular, we find that long-term, post-issue SEO underperformance is significantly less for firms with extensive disclosure and conservative earnings management than firms with less disclosure and aggressive earnings management. We interpret this evidence to mean that over the long run, the capital market values ethical financial reporting and corporate efforts to incorporate social responsibility into their decision-making processes, for example, by enhancing information transparency through voluntary disclosure.
Sprites as evidence of vertical gravity wave structures above mesoscale thunderstorms

Large area multicell thunderstorms lead to the formation of vertically oriented cylindrical structures of gravity waves at mesospheric altitudes closely resembling those observed in optical emissions associated with transient luminous glows called sprites.
Management and follow up of tibial plateau fractures by 'T' clamp external fixator and limited internal fixation

Background: Tibial plateau fractures are difficult to treat especially when soft tissue is compromised by open reduction and internal fixation. Many methods have be1en tried in the past to manage these cases of which external fixation were shown to be effective as they limit the soft tissue and wound complications. Methods: Complex tibial plateau fractures of sixteen patients were treated by closed reduction, fixation of articular fragments by screws and application of unilateral external fixator. The external fixator was kept in place till fracture united clinically and radiologically. The patients were followed up for at least one year to assess the function of the knee joint Results: The average duration of external fixation was 13 weeks. All the fractures healed. Pin track infection (five patients) and instability (six patients) of the knee were encountered with this procedure. The average duration of follow up was 62 weeks. The mean range of motion was 1250 arc. The IOWA knee score averaged 90.3 points. Conclusions: External fixation with limited internal fixation may be effective in the management of complex tibial plateau fractures which requires further support from studies with large sample size. 'T' clamp external fixation with limited Internal fixation is the procedure of choice when alignment, stability, early mobilisation is required in a soft tissue compromised tibial plateau fractures.
Chemical studies of CVD Cu deposited on Ta and TaN barriers under various process conditions

Contamination in the matrix of CVD copper films and at the interface between CVD copper films and barrier layers has been characterized using XPS, SIMS, XRD and RGA. Contamination in the CVD copper matrix has been found to increase with increasing precursor flow rate and with decreasing wafer temperature. Interfacial contamination has been investigated in an attempt to quantitatively define acceptable levels of contamination and ultimately reduce the effect of these contaminants on the integrated film stack. Sputtered copper flash layers for CVD copper deposition are also shown as highly effective for reducing the levels and effects of incorporated contamination.
Theories of the ABC effect

Abstract The ABC effect is an enhancement which appears at around 310 MeV in the missing-mass spectra of the inclusive reactions: pn → d , pd → 3 He , and dd → 4 He . For a long time it was regarded as evidence for a low-mass I = 0, JP = 0+ ππ resonance. But such states have never been seen in ordinary hadronic processes, like πN → Nππ. Most of the evidence now points to 3-3 resonance excitation in nuclei as the root cause of the effect. In this paper a number of possible mechanisms are examined. We find, on the basis of explicit calculations which neglect only the spins of the particles, that the one-pion-exchange model of Risser and Shuster provides a qualitative description of some of the data. The model of Anjos, Levy and Santoro is not substantiated by independent calculation, while the Brody model has little predictive power. A critical review of the various models is presented.
Modeling techniques for magnetostrictive actuators

Techniques for modeling hysteresis and material nonlinearities in magnetostrictive materials are presented. Hysteresis in these materials is due to both the driving magnetic field and stress relations within the material and is significant throughout most of the drive range of the material. Two characterizations are presented here. The first model is posed in terms of Preisach operators and is purely phenomenological in nature. The second model is physics-based with parameters related to measurable properties of the input magnetic field. The two approaches are illustrated in the context of an Euler- Bernoulli beam model which incorporates magnetostrictive actuators.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The effects of colchicine and gibberellic acid on growth and microtubules in excised lettuce hypocotyls

The effect of colchicine on growth and microtubules in H2O-and gibberellic acid (GA3)-treated hypocotyls of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Arctic) was examined. Hypocotyls of seedlings from γ-irradiated as well as non-irradiated seedlings were used in order to establish that the drug was affecting cell elongation and not cell division. Although colchicine inhibited elongation of GA3-treated hypocotyl sections at concentrations as low as 1 μM, it did not affect the growth of sections. Rather, colchicine treatment caused a reorientation of the plane of cell expansion. Lumicolchicine had no effect on elongation of hypocotyl sections at a concentration (100 μM) at which colchicine abolished GA3-induced elongation. Colchicine was only effective in reorienting the plane of growth in light; in darkness, it inhibited both radial and longitudinal cell expansion. Analogs of colchicine as well as other antimicrotubular agents were ineffective in changing the polarity of growth in lettuce. Electron microscopy showed that transversely oriented microtubules were numerous in the cortical cytoplasm adjacent to the longitudinal wall of freshly excised hypocotyl sections. Incubation in GA3 did not change the number or orientation of these microtubules, while incubation in H2O caused a reduction in their number and altered their distribution. Colchicine abolished microtubules under all conditions of incubation tested, but did not affect other characteristics of cell ultrastructure.
The IL-2 receptor beta chain (p70): role in mediating signals for LAK, NK, and proliferative activities

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) induces cytolytic activity and proliferation of human blood lymphocytes. Yet, prior to activation, these cells do not express IL-2 receptors recognized by monoclonal antibodies to the Tac antigen. A novel glycoprotein (IL-2R beta), identified on several lymphocytoid cell lines, has the ability to bind IL-2 alone and to associate with Tac antigen (IL-2R alpha) to form high-affinity IL-2 receptors. It is now reported that IL-2R beta is expressed on both circulating T lymphocytes and large granular lymphocytes in quantities approximately proportional to their responsiveness to IL-2. Studies of the responses of these cells to IL-2 suggest that IL-2R beta mediates the initial phase of induction of lymphokine activated killer (LAK), natural killer (NK), and proliferative activities. Subsequently, IL-2R alpha is induced and functional high-affinity IL-2 receptors are expressed.
Feeding Biology of the Antarctic Brittle Star Ophionotus victoriae (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

The diet and feeding behavior of the brittle star Ophionotus victoriae were studied in 1981–1983. Frequency-of-occurrence and points methods were used to examine stomach contents of 2475 specimens from 19 stations representing seven general localities along the Antarctic Peninsula and South Sandwich Islands. Results of the two methods were in agreement and indicated this species is an opportunistic generalist with high diet plasticity. The most abundant component of the stomach contents was sediment but the diet derived from at least 13 phyla. Crustaceans, notably euphausiids and amphipods, were most important at some locations. Diet composition varied significantly between locations and years, but did not differ among brittle star size groups. Stomach content data and laboratory studies indicate that O. victoriae utilizes a variety of feeding methods but not suspension feeding.
Romantic involvement, self‐discrepancy, and psychological well‐being: A preliminary investigation

In this study, we explored the relation between romantic involvement status, actual/Ideal self-discrepancy, and psychological well-being. We hypothesized that romantically involved individuals would report being closer to their ideal selves than would romantically uninvolved individuals. We also hypothesized that the reduced self-discrepancy reported by romantically involved individuals would be related to their experiencing higher levels of psychological well-being in comparison to romantically uninvolved individuals. Romantically involved and romantically uninvolved subjects rated their actual selves, closeness to their ideal selves, and psychological well-being. Results were consistent with both hypotheses. Although romantically involved and romantically uninvolved subjects did not differ in ratings of their actual selves, romantically involved subjects reported being significantly closer to their ideal selves. Furthermore, romantically involved subjects tended to report higher psychological well-being.
Cloning and expression of chicken CLIP-170 and Restin isoforms

Abstract We have cloned cDNA for the chicken homologues of human CLIP-170 and Restin and characterized expression of chicken CLIP-170 and Restin messages in a variety of chicken tissues. Chicken CLIP-170 and Restin, like the human homologues, differ only in a stretch of 35 amino acids present in Restin but missing from CLIP-170. This Restin-specific insert is perfectly conserved between the chicken and human sequences at both the protein and nucleotide level and contributes an additional five heptads to one of the heptad repeat regions in the central α-helical coiled-coil rod domain. Other highly conserved chicken and human CLIP-170/Restin regions confirm the importance of certain protein domains as crucial for protein function, including two CAP-Gly microtubule-binding motifs in the N-terminal globular head domain and two CCHC metal-binding motifs in the C-terminal globular tail domain. We have used Southern DNA blot analysis and PCR amplification of exon–intron junctions of chicken genomic DNA to confirm that CLIP-170 and Restin are isoforms encoded by the same gene. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis of CLIP-170 and Restin mRNA expression revealed expression of both isoforms in a variety of chicken tissues but in different ratios. In the tissues tested, except brain, the message for CLIP-170 was more abundant than that for Restin. Comparison of the levels of CLIP-170 and Restin messages in RNA from chicken and human intestinal epithelial cells revealed remarkably similar ratios in the two species. Our data suggest that expression of CLIP-170 and Restin is differentially regulated and that the two isoforms have distinct functions in a wide variety of cells.
Projected Temperature Changes Along the American Cordillera and the Planned GCOS Network

[1] Analysis of 7 GCM simulations with 2x CO2 levels shows large and statistically significant free air temperature changes (compared to controls) along the axis of the American Cordillera (from Alaska to southern Chile). At all latitudes, the modeled change in temperature increases with elevation. Temperature increases are especially large in boreal summer months from � 35–50N, and year-round in the high mountains of Peru, Bolivia and northern Chile. If these models are correct, mountain ranges that extend high into the lower troposphere are likely to experience significant warming, with implications for glacier mass balance and water resources, montane ecosystems and high elevation agricultural activities. There are few high elevation meteorological stations to validate the model projections, or to monitor future changes. The planned GCOS (Global Climate Observing System) surface network is not adequate to address the critical issues raised by these model simulations; additional high elevation observing stations are needed. INDEX TERMS: 1610 Global Change: Atmosphere (0315, 0325); 3309 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Climatology (1620); 9350 Information Related to Geographic Region: North America; 9360 Information Related to Geographic Region: South America. Citation: Bradley, R. S., F. T. Keimig, and H. F. Diaz (2004), Projected temperature changes along the American cordillera and the planned GCOS network, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L16210, doi:10.1029/2004GL020229.
Pressure-induced absorption by H2 in the atmosphere of Jupiter and Saturn

Observations of the S(1) line of the pressure-induced fundamental band of H2 in the spectra of Saturn and Jupiter are analyzed by comparing the observed line shape with predictions of both a reflecting-layer model and a homogeneous-scattering model of the atmospheres. Upper and lower limits are derived for the values of relative intensity that occur between 5000 and 5100 kaysers, the percent absorption due to H2 at 5100 kaysers is estimated, and it is established that methane and ammonia cannot account for the broad absorption attributed to hydrogen. The comparison with the model atmospheres shows that the reflecting-layer model appears to give the best fit to the Saturn line profile for temperatures near 150 K, while both models provide good fits to the Jupiter data, but for widely differing temperatures. Difficulties encountered in determining the true continuum level, especially for Jupiter, are discussed.
Lingual Thyroidectomy The Mayo Clinic Experience With Transoral Laser Microsurgery and Transoral Robotic Surgery

Objectives:We report the clinical findings, surgical management, and outcomes for lingual thyroidectomy.Methods:We performed a retrospective case review of lingual thyroidectomy performed at 3 tert...
Human percutaneous penetration of hydrocortisone: the vulva.

Percutaneous penetration of 14C hydrocortisone through normal vulvar skin (labia majora) was measured in six subjects and compared with that of the forearm. Of the topically applied hydrocortisone 7.7% penetrated vulvar skin whereas 1.3% penetrated forearm skin. This regional variation of pecutaneous penetration may have toxicologic and therapeutic significance.
The Change in the Inclination Angle of the Noneclipsing Binary SS Lacertae: Future Eclipses

Eclipses in the 14.4 day–period double-lined binary SS Lac were observed photographically and visually early in the twentieth century but stopped some 50 or 60 yr ago. This has been explained by the presence of a distant third star in the system, which has now been detected spectroscopically, with a period of 679 days. The plane of the orbit of the binary is changing relative to the line of sight in response to perturbations from this third object. A recent analysis by Milone et al. of all photometric material available for the system, including a remeasurement of original Harvard plates, has confirmed earlier reports of changes in the depth of the eclipses as a function of time, which are due to the third star. In this paper we discuss our detailed analysis of the eclipse amplitude measurements and extract from them information on the change in the inclination angle of the binary over the last century. Our use of a much improved ephemeris for the system by Torres & Stefanik was found to be crucial, and it prompted us to redetermine all the amplitudes from the historical data at our disposal, including the Harvard material used by Milone et al. Systematically lower measurements on the branches of the minima were properly accounted for, and we made use of both a linear approximation to the time variation of the inclination angle and a more realistic model based on the theory of three-body interactions ("regression of the nodes" effect). The nodal cycle is found to be ~600 yr, within which two eclipse "seasons" occur, each lasting about 100 yr. The noneclipsing status of the system is expected to continue until the beginning of the twenty-third century.
The Impact on Small Business and Family Business of Changing the Estate Tax

This prepared testimony before the US House of Representatives Committee on Ways and Means is an overview of estate tax legislation and the subsequent impact on family businesses and the economy. April 24, 1996
Hereditary ovarian cancer : heterogeneity in age at onset

Background. Hereditary ovarian cancer (HOC) is heterogeneous, with at least three distinctive syndromes, namely, hereditary site-specific ovarian cancer, hereditary breast-ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome, and Lynch syndrome II. Ovarian cancer, in accord with virtually all varieties of adult onset cancer, displays an increasing incidence with advancing age; however, it shows an earlier age of onset in hereditary settings. Methods. Detailed medical and pathology studies were performed on extended ovarian cancer-prone pedigrees, with special attention given to age at ovarian cancer onset
Application of the analysis of variance to hemagglutination titrations.

Abstract The serial dilutions commonly employed in hemagglutination titrations give end-points of low precision. This weakness can be overcome by performing sufficient observations to yield mean titers of the desired precision. Statistical analysis thus becomes an important part of experiments depending on this assay. Such analysis is needed not only to interpret objectively available data but also to design future experiments. These two interrelated matters are discussed in detail here but from an introductory level which requires no prior familiarity with statistics. Emphasized throughout this review paper the analysis of variance and the Dunnett multiple comparisons test.
Applying Farr’s Law to project the drug overdose mortality epidemic in the United States

Unintentional drug overdose has increased markedly in the past two decades and surpassed motor vehicle crashes as the leading cause of injury mortality in many states. The purpose of this study was to understand the trajectory of the drug overdose epidemic in the United States by applying Farr’s Law. Farr’s “law of epidemics” and the Bregman-Langmuir back calculation method were applied to United States drug overdose mortality data for the years 1980 through 2011 to project the annual death rates from drug overdose from 2012 through 2035. From 1980–2011, annual drug overdose mortality increased from 2.7 to 13.2 deaths per 100,000 population. The projected drug overdose mortality would peak in 2016–2017 at 16.1 deaths per 100,000 population and then decline progressively until reaching 1.9 deaths per 100,000 population in 2035. The projected data based on Farr’s Law suggests that drug overdose mortality in the United States will decline in the coming years and return to the 1980 baseline level approximately by the year 2034.
Coclustering based parcellation of human brain cortex using diffusion tensor MRI

The fundamental goal of computational neuroscience is to discover anatomical features that reflect the functional organization of the brain. Investigations of the physical connections between neuronal structures and measurements of brain activity in vivo have given rise to the concepts of anatomical and functional connectivity, which have been useful for our understanding of brain mechanisms and their plasticity. However, at present there is no generally accepted computational framework for the quantitative assessment of cortical connectivity. In this paper, we present accurate analytical and modeling tools that can reveal anatomical connectivity pattern and facilitate the interpretation of high-level knowledge regarding brain functions are strongly demanded. We also present a coclustering algorithm, called Business model based Coclustering Algorithm (BCA), which allows an automated and reproducible assessment of the connectivity pattern between different cortical areas based on Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) data. The proposed BCA algorithm not only partitions the cortical mantel into well-defined clusters, but at the same timemaximizes the connection strength between these clusters. Moreover, the BCA algorithm is computationally robust and allows both outlier detection as well as operator-independent determination of the number of clusters. We applied the BCA algorithm to human DTI datasets and show good performance in detecting anatomical connectivity patterns in the human brain.
Epitaxial lift-off of thin InAs layers

We describe the use of the epitaxial lift-off technique to remove thin layers of InAs from the GaAs substrates on which they were grown and subsequently bonded to glass and silicon substrates. Lift-off was accomplished by taking advantage of the high etching selectivity between AlSb and InAs in an aqueous hydrofluoric acid etching solution, allowing a thin layer of AlSb to serve a sacrificial layer to facilitate the lift-off of the InAs. The InAs layers were transferred with little measurable effect on the electrical and structural properties of the films, as evidenced by Hall effect and x-ray measurements. The technique can easily be extended to transfer more-complex GaSb/AlSb/InAs structures.
Significant associations of age, menopausal status and lifestyle factors with visceral adiposity in African-American and European-American women

Background: Elevated visceral adiposity is strongly predictive of cardiometabolic disease, but, due to the high cost of biomedical imaging, assessment of factors contributing to normal variation in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue partitioning in large cohorts of healthy individuals are few, particularly in ethnic and racial minority populations.Objective: To describe age, menopausal status, smoking and physical activity differences in VAT and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) mass in African-American (AA) and European-American (EA) women.Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging measures of VAT and ASAT mass and VAT% (VAT/VAT+ASAT, %) were obtained from a cross-sectional sample of 617 EA and 111 AA non-diabetic women aged 18–80 years. Multivariate linear regression was used to test independent effects of the covariates.Results: VAT and VAT% were higher in EA than AA women (p < 0.01). Differences in VAT, ASAT and VAT% across age groups began in early adulthood in both ethnic group...
Small molecule antagonists of the bradykinin B1 receptor

Screening Pharmacopeia's encoded combinatorial libraries has led to the identification of potent, selective, competitive antagonists at the bradykinin Bl receptor. Libraries were screened using a displacement assay of [ 3 H]-des-Arg 10 -kallidir ([ 3 H]-dAK) at IMR-90 cells expressing an endogenous human B1 receptor (B max = 20,000 receptors/cell, K D = 0.5 ± 0. 1 nM) or against membranes from 293E cells expressing a recombinant human B1 receptor (B max = 8,000 receptors/cell, K D = 0.5 ± 0.3 nM). Compound PS020990, an optimized, representative member from the class of compounds, inhibits specific binding of 3 H-dAK at IMR-90 cells with a K I of 6 ± 1 nM. The compound inhibits dAK-induced phosphatidyl inositol turnover (K Bapp = 0.4 ± 0.2 nM) and calcium mobilization (K Bapp = 17 ± 2 nM) in IMR-90 cells. Compounds from the lead series are inactive at the B2 receptor and are > 1000-fold specific for B1 vs. a variety of other receptors, ion channels and enzymes. PS020990 and other related chemotypes therefore offer an excellent opportunity to explore further the role of B1 receptors in disease models and represent a potential therapeutic avenue.
Reproductive Demographics and Factors that Influence Length at Sexual Maturity of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout in Idaho

Abstract Length and age at sexual maturity for Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri vary across their historical range, but the factors that influence this variation are poorly understood. We collected 610 Yellowstone cutthroat trout from 11 populations across southeastern Idaho from streams and rivers with a variety of physical characteristics to determine length and age at sexual maturity and other reproductive demographics. The oldest Yellowstone cutthroat trout captured (age 10) was from the South Fork Snake River; most fish (90%) were between ages 2 and 4, and only three (<1%) were older than age 7 (all from the South Fork Snake River). Cutthroat trout from the South Fork Snake River did not mature until they were 300 mm long and 5 years of age, whereas cutthroat trout from other migratory and resident sites began maturing at ages 2–3 and lengths of 100–150 mm. Fish 100–250 mm long were much more likely to be mature if they were from sites with resident rather than migratory repro...