cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Science Education in Urban Settings: Seeking New Ways of Praxis through Critical Ethnography.

The challenges faced in urban science education are deeply rooted in the ongoing struggle for racial, class and gender equity. Part of this struggle is tied to huge differences in class and involves making more equitable the distribution of resources. Another part of this struggle is tied to the rich diversity of children who attend urban schools and involves generating new ways of understanding, valuing, and genuinely incorporating into school-based practices the culture, language, beliefs, and experiences that these children bring to school. Thus, this article argues that to address these two challenges—and indeed to achieve a more just science education for all urban students— explicitly political research methodologies must be considered and incorporated into urban education. One potential route for this is critical ethnography, for this kind of methodology emerges collaboratively from the lives of the researcher and the researched and is centrally about praxis and a political commitment to the struggle for liberation and in defense of human rights. In making this argument, I have drawn from stories from my own research with homeless children. fl 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 899 - 917, 2001 Ethnographic inquiry is most appropriate when it places events and people in the social, cultural, and political history and contexts in which they are constituted. It can never be innocent nor neutral, since it is embedded in a political and moral process—Murillo, 1999, p. 7.
Treatment Considerations for Unique Patient Populations With HCV Genotype 1 Infection

Objective: To review the literature for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 in certain populations of patients that require further considerations before therapy initiation. Data Sources: A systematic electronic literature search using the MEDLINE database was performed using the search terms hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis C, drug therapy, end stage liver disease, liver transplantation, HIV, hepatitis B, African Americans, renal insufficiency, obesity, pregnancy, and pediatrics. Study Selection and Data Extraction: English language studies from January 1985 to March 2015 were considered. Additional references were identified from ongoing trials obtained from clinicaltrials.gov, conference proceedings, online databases, and citations in relevant review articles. Data Selection: Direct-acting antivirals are first-line recommendations for the treatment of HCV genotype 1 infection, and these include combinations of sofosbuvir, simeprevir, ledipasvir/sofosbuvir, ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavi...
Quadratic programming relaxations for metric labeling and Markov random field MAP estimation

Quadratic program relaxations are proposed as an alternative to linear program relaxations and tree reweighted belief propagation for the metric labeling or MAP estimation problem. An additional convex relaxation of the quadratic approximation is shown to have additive approximation guarantees that apply even when the graph weights have mixed sign or do not come from a metric. The approximations are extended in a manner that allows tight variational relaxations of the MAP problem, although they generally involve non-convex optimization. Experiments carried out on synthetic data show that the quadratic approximations can be more accurate and computationally efficient than the linear programming and propagation based alternatives.
Effects of Physiological Levels of Exogenous Steroids on Metabolism of Testicular, Cauda Epididymal and Ejaculated Bovine Sperm

Testicular, cauda epididymal and/or ejaculated sperm were incubated in vitro with exogenous steroids at essentially physiological concentrations (<160 nM). A charcoal stripping technique was used to reduce the amount of endogenous steroid bound to sperm. Effects of 6 or 12 individual steroids on energy metabolism of charcoal stripped and nonstripped sperm were- evaluated. Metabolic differences among nonstripped testicular, cauda epididymal and ejaculated sperm were confirmed. Charcoal-stripped sperm had metabolic characteristics differing from those of non-stripped sperm, but these differences were not abolished by adding steroid. No consistent alteration of metabolic characteristics, e.g., glucose composition, adenine nucleotide levels, oxygen consumption, or carbon dioxide production was associated with inclusion of any steroid in the incubation mixture. We concluded that no single androgen at physiological concentration alters energy metabolism of sperm.
Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins as agents of innate immunity

Bacterial endotoxin (i.e., lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) elicits dramatic responses in the host, including elevated plasma lipid levels due to increased synthesis and secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by the liver and inhibition of lipoprotein lipase. This cytokine-induced hyperlipoproteinemia, clinically termed the "lipemia of sepsis," was customarily thought to involve the mobilization of lipid stores to fuel the host response to infection. However, because lipoproteins can also bind and neutralize LPS, we have long postulated that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (very-low-density lipoproteins and chylomicrons) are also components of an innate, nonadaptive host immune response to infection. Recent research demonstrates the capacity of lipoproteins to bind LPS, protect against LPS-induced toxicity, and modulate the overall host response to this bacterial toxin.
Statistical estimation of a 13.3 μm Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite channel using multisensor data fusion

We describe an algorithm for creating a virtual, statistically estimated 13.3-μm band for the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), an instrument aboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA’s) operational satellite, Suomi NPP. VIIRS does not have a 13.3-μm band, although this band has important applications such as estimating cloud-top pressure. We demonstrate that a reliable estimate of the missing data can be created with a multisensor approach, using other VIIRS bands at 4, 9, 11, and 12 μm, as well as input from the Cross-track Infrared Sounder, on board the same satellite, which produces data at a much finer spectral resolution but lower spatial resolution. In addition, we evaluate the algorithm by applying it to data from the Moderate Resolution Image Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), both on the Aqua satellite. MODIS and AIRS provide a benchmark for measuring the accuracy of the algorithm since, unlike VIIRS, MODIS makes measurements in the 13.3-μm band.
River sediment control by deep suction dredging

Abstract Study of a deep hole in the Ohio River at Louisville, Kentucky showed that the hole failed to fill over flood periods of two years and actually scoured slightly deeper. A vortex scour action maintained the hole free of sediment and deposited it on or close to the river bank. The mechanism of sand transport was studied in a flume using a model hole. Results indicate the possibility of using such a dredge hole to control sediment depositing in undesirable locations such as river navigation channels.
Choice of phase in binary phase-only filters for optical image recognition

Analytic criterion for choice of the optimum phase in binary phase-only filters that will provide high correlation performance in optical image recognition is developed.
Suicidal behavior of children and youth.

Suicide is now the fourth most common cause of death during the teenage years. Four case studies and accompanying commentaries spotlight the ideal position of the pediatrician to engage in preventive work with youngsters whose behavior is pre-suicidal and with those who have made a suicidal gesture.
High resolution monitoring of strain fields in concrete during hydraulic fracturing processes

We present a distributed fiber optic sensing scheme to image 3D strain fields inside concrete blocks during laboratory-scale hydraulic fracturing. Strain fields were measured by optical fibers embedded during casting of the concrete blocks. The axial strain profile along the optical fiber was interrogated by the in-fiber Rayleigh backscattering with 1-cm spatial resolution using optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR). The 3D strain fields inside the cubes under various driving pressures and pumping schedules were measured and used to characterize the location, shape, and growth rate of the hydraulic fractures. The fiber optic sensor detection method presented in this paper provides scientists and engineers an unique laboratory tool to understand the hydraulic fracturing processes via internal, 3D strain measurements with the potential to ascertain mechanisms related to crack growth and its associated damage of the surrounding material as well as poromechanically-coupled mechanisms driven by fluid diffusion from the crack into the permeable matrix of concrete specimens.
Using lean principles to improve outpatient adult infusion clinic chemotherapy preparation turnaround times.

Purpose The workflow and chemotherapy preparation turnaround times at an adult infusion clinic were evaluated to identify opportunities to optimize workflow and efficiency. Methods A three-phase study using Lean Six Sigma methodology was conducted. In phase 1, chemotherapy turnaround times in the adult infusion clinic were examined one year after the interim goal of a 45-minute turnaround time was established. Phase 2 implemented various experiments including a five-day Kaizen event, using lean principles in an effort to decrease chemotherapy preparation turnaround times in a controlled setting. Phase 3 included the implementation of process-improvement strategies identified during the Kaizen event, coupled with a final refinement of operational processes. Results In phase 1, the mean turnaround time for all chemotherapy preparations decreased from 60 to 44 minutes, and a mean of 52 orders for adult outpatient chemotherapy infusions was received each day. After installing new processes, the mean turnaround time had improved to 37 minutes for each chemotherapy preparation in phase 2. In phase 3, the mean turnaround time decreased from 37 to 26 minutes. The overall mean turnaround time was reduced by 26 minutes, representing a 57% decrease in turnaround times in 19 months through the elimination of waste and the implementation of lean principles. This reduction was accomplished through increased efficiencies in the workplace, with no addition of human resources. Conclusion Implementation of Lean Six Sigma principles improved workflow and efficiency at an adult infusion clinic and reduced the overall chemotherapy turnaround times from 60 to 26 minutes.
Positive allosteric modulators of the serotonin 2C receptor as novel therapeutics for cocaine use disorder

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e118–e201 e137 Conclusions: The present findings show that chronic exposure to HIV-related viral proteins, such as Tat and gp120, are associatedwith a profoundmotivational deficit to earn highly reinforcing stimuli such as cocaine. These findings suggest that progression through the early stage of the addiction process to cocaine will be attenuated in patients with HAND and that further studies are needed tomodel the late stage of the addiction process to elucidate drug abuse vulnerability associated with HAND. Financial support: NIH grants R01DA013137, R01HD043680, R01DA021287, T32GM081740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.289 Positive allosteric modulators of the serotonin 2C receptor as novel therapeutics for cocaine use disorder Rachel Hartley, Gongliang Zhang, J. Scott Moncrief, Chunyong Ding, Noelle C. Anastasio, Robert G. Fox, Sonja J. Stutz, Christopher Wild, Jia Zhou, Kathryn Cunningham Ctr Addiction Res, UTMB, Galveston, TX, United
Breast cancer growth inhibition by delivery of the MDGI-derived peptide P108

Mammary derived growth inhibitor (MDGI) is a member of the family of cytoplasmic fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs), which bind hydrophobic ligands such as fatty acids, retinoids, eicosanoids and prostaglandines. MDGI and an 11 amino acid MDGI-derived conserved C-terminal peptide (P108) inhibits growth of normal mammary epithelial cells in tissue and organ culture, but fails to inhibit proliferation of many breast cancer cell lines in vitro. Here, the effects of peptide P108 on tumor growth of MCF-7, MDA-MB468 and MDA-MB231 human breast cancer cell lines in nude mice were tested. To deliver P108 into tumors, a novel peptide production system was applied for expression and secretion of small bioactive peptides in mammalian cells. Functional differentiation was observed in MCF-7 and MDA-MB468 cells upon P108 expression. In addition, EGF-dependent colony formation in soft agar by MDA-MB468 cells was inhibited by secreted P108. Tumor growth in athymic nude mice was suppressed in all three cell lines tested. Furthermore, P108 expressed by MCF-7/P108 cells caused paracrine tumor growth inhibition of MDA-MB231 cells. These results indicate that breast cancer inhibition by P108 is independent of binding to hydrophobic ligands and is perhaps mediated by interference with EGF-dependent signaling pathways.
Computer-based storage and retrieval information systems that can be utilized in health, physical education, and recreation research.

(1973). Computer-Based Storage and Retrieval Information Systems That can be Utilized in Health, Physical Education and Recreation Research. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 227-231.
Immunotherapy models in experimental animals.

Although no animal models have been found to truly reflect the immunologic responses of man, it is from animal model systems that most of the current concepts of immunotherapy and tumor immunology were derived. This article provides an overview of the type of immunotherapeutic manipulations that have been effected in animal models, the results of such maneuvers, and their possible application to the immunologic modalities used in man.
Erythrocytes increase leukotriene C4 release from human eosinophils: characterization and examination of possible mechanisms

There has been considerable interest in the role of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergic diseases. While examining the conditions necessary for the release of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) from human eosinophils activated by immunoglobulin G-Sepharose (IgG-Seph), we observed that red blood cells (RBCs) potentiated eosinophil LTC4 release. The time course of IgG-Seph-stimulated LTC4 release was prolonged in the presence of RBCs. After 45 min of incubation, eosinophils without RBCs released 0.95 +/- 0.11 ng/10(6) cells, and those with RBCs released 3.69 +/- 0.67 ng/10(6) cells. Control experiments indicated that the effect was not due to platelet contamination of the RBCs and could not be reproduced with RBC supernatants or RBC membrane ghosts. An interesting characteristic of this interaction was that the eosinophils and RBCs had to be in close contact for the enhancement to occur. We also observed that at low calcium concentrations (0.6 mM), the eosinophils had to be primed with fMLP for the RBC effect to occur, but priming was not required at higher calcium concentrations. Several possible mechanisms that would explain the RBC effect on eosinophil LTC4 release were examined: (1) RBCs block the metabolism of LTC4; (2) RBCs protect the eosinophils from oxidative damage; (3) RBCs provide a substrate (or enzyme) that allows increased eosinophil LTC4 production. These mechanisms failed to explain our observation that erythrocytes enhance eosinophil LTC4 release, however, suggesting that alternative mechanisms are responsible for this effect.
A classical republican in eighteenth-century Bordeaux: Guillaume-Joseph Saige

On 28 June 1775, the magistrates of the parlement of Bordeaux, recently restored to their seats after the traumatic events of the Maupeou coup, ordered the ceremonial destruction of an anonymous pamphlet entitled Catechisme du citoyen, ou Elements du droit public francais, par demandes et par reponses . Condemned as full of “seditious and false maxims, subversive of the independence and authority of the crown, tending to establish anarchy in the state, to excite fermentation in people's minds, and to weaken the respect and obedience due to the sacred person of the king,” the work was regarded as all the more reprehensible by the magistrates in that its pernicious maxims were “artificially linked and mixed in the said work with the principles of public law consecrated by the most authentic laws and monuments” – or, to put it more precisely, mixed with the principles of parlementary constitutionalism, as they had been elaborated during the protracted political struggles of Louis XV's reign. The pamphlet was condemned two days later in similar terms, and doubtless for the same ambiguous reasons, by the magistrates of the parlement of Paris.
Self-Shielded Fission Rates for Uranium-235

The relative self-shielded fission rate has been measured for 235U in the energy range from 0.464 to 2150 eV. Absorber thicknesses from 0.5 to 19 g/cm2 of 235U-enriched uranium were used. The measu...
Link Quality Estimation in Ad Hoc and Mesh Networks: A Survey and Future Directions

Higher layer applications, such as routing protocols and robot navigation systems, commonly depend upon link quality (LQ) estimates for improving the efficiency and reliability of wireless communications. LQ estimation is especially critical for maintaining connectivity in mobile ad hoc networks, which tend to be less reliable than infrastructure networks due to their decentralized and dynamic nature. However, estimating LQ for applications higher than the physical layer is challenging due to the underlying dynamics of wireless propagation and the mismatched temporal perspectives between the layers. Due to its relevance and difficulty, a significant research effort has been devoted to developing empirical methods for accurately estimating LQ. The goal of this survey is to provide a comprehensive review of the existing approaches to LQ estimation in IEEE 802.11-based ad hoc and mesh networks, with some exceptions that include sensor networks. The survey organizes the literature according to the different fundamental techniques, and also compares them in terms in terms of strengths and weaknesses. Finally, we conclude with the latest developments in LQ estimation, which involve machine learning, and provide recommendations for future work in the field.
Range Expansion of the Neotropical Whiptail Lizard, Cnemidophorus lemniscatus (L. 1758) (Reptilia: Sauria: Teiidae) on the North Coast of Trinidad

The Neotropical whiptail lizard Cnemidophorus lemniscatus (Linnaeus 1758) is a small teiid that ranges widely from Guatemala to northern South America (into Brazil) and many of the associated continental islands, including Trinidad and Tobago (Murphy 1997). This lizard is a beach-savannah species. They prefer open sunny areas and rarely venture into deep forests. In Trinidad and Tobago, there is the potential to confuse Cnemidophorus lemniscatus with the locally more common and more well-known Ameiva ameiva (L. 1758) or Zandolie (Boos and Quesnel 1968). C. lemniscatus has a much more restricted range in Trinidad and Tobago than does A. ameiva . Here I report a new locality record for C. lemniscatus in Trinidad.
Low On Air: Inherent Wireless Channel Capacity Limitations

Wireless connectivity has fundamentally changed the way we connect and interact with the world. Over the past fifteen years there has been an exponential increase in wireless data usage, a trend that is predicted to continue. The overall capacity for wireless connectivity is limited in that it operates over electromagnetic spectrum, and the usable range of spectrum is both finite and already scarce. We argue that the growth in demand that we currently see is unsustainable in the long-term, as spectrum resources will become fully exhausted. While current lines of research seek to increase spectrum efficiency, increases in the future will achieve diminishing returns. In this work we present current technologies as well as cutting-edge research related to maximizing the efficiency of wireless systems, and offer research questions that will become critical as we near the limits of wireless connectivity.
A Single Set of Interneurons Drives Opposite Behaviors in C. elegans

Summary Many chemosensory stimuli evoke innate behavioral responses that can be either appetitive or aversive, depending on an animal's age, prior experience, nutritional status, and environment [1–9]. However, the circuit mechanisms that enable these valence changes are poorly understood. Here, we show that Caenorhabditis elegans can alternate between attractive or aversive responses to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), depending on its recently experienced CO 2 environment. Both responses are mediated by a single pathway of interneurons. The CO 2 -evoked activity of these interneurons is subject to extreme experience-dependent modulation, enabling them to drive opposite behavioral responses to CO 2 . Other interneurons in the circuit regulate behavioral sensitivity to CO 2 independent of valence. A combinatorial code of neuropeptides acts on the circuit to regulate both valence and sensitivity. Chemosensory valence-encoding interneurons exist across phyla, and valence is typically determined by whether appetitive or aversive interneuron populations are activated. Our results reveal an alternative mechanism of valence determination in which the same interneurons contribute to both attractive and aversive responses through modulation of sensory neuron to interneuron synapses. This circuit design represents a previously unrecognized mechanism for generating rapid changes in innate chemosensory valence.
Accurate signal reconstruction for higher order Lagrangian-Eulerian back-coupling in multiphase turbulence

Multiphase flow simulation serves a vital purpose in applications as diverse as engineering design, natural disaster prediction, and even study of astrophysical phenomena. In these scenarios, it can be very difficult, expensive, or even impossible to fully represent the physical system under consideration. Even still, many such real-world applications can be modeled as a two-phase flow containing both continuous and dispersed phases. Consequentially, the continuous phase is thought of as a fluid and the dispersed phase as particles. The continuous phase is typically treated in the Eulerian frame of reference and represented on a fixed grid, while the dispersed phase is treated in the Lagrangian frame and represented by a sample distribution of Lagrangian particles that approximate a cloud. Coupling between the phases requires interpolation of the continuous phase properties at the locations of the Lagrangian particles. This interpolation step is straightforward and can be performed at higher order accuracy. The reverse process of projecting the Lagrangian particle properties from the sample points to the Eulerian grid is complicated by the time-dependent non-uniform distribution of the Lagrangian particles. In this paper we numerically examine three reconstruction, or projection, methods: (i) direct summation (DS), (ii) least-squares, and (iii) sparse approximation. We choose a continuous representation of the dispersed phase property that is systematically varied from a simple single mode periodic signal to a more complex artificially constructed turbulent signal to see how each method performs in reconstruction. In these experiments, we show that there is a link between the number of dispersed Lagrangian sample points and the number of structured grid points to accurately represent the underlying functional representation to machine accuracy. The least-squares method outperforms the other methods in most cases, while the sparse approximation method is able to capture physically important flow features when under-sampled but at an increased cost. Interestingly, the DS method has been used in the past but in comparison to the other two methods it offers only first order convergence. The above three methods were also compared against standard linear and cubic interpolation techniques from non-uniform Lagrangian points to the Eulerian grid. The performance of these standard interpolation methods were only of the order of DS.
Online unsupervised kernel learning algorithms

In recent years more attention has been focused on unsupervised learning algorithms for feature selection, clustering, and even training of deep neural networks. In this overview paper we discuss work we have conducted on online kernel unsupervised learning algorithms. The algorithms are based on using a least squares cost function, a support vector machine framework, choosing a sparsity criterion, and principles from adaptive filter theory. The algorithms have been applied to anomaly detection problems and particularly detecting bad data on the power grid. We conclude the paper by discussing a broader suite of online learning algorithms including a subspace algorithm and lower cost stochastic gradient algorithms such as the kernel LMS algorithm.
GoldenEye: Efficiently and Effectively Unveiling Malware’s Targeted Environment

A critical challenge when combating malware threat is how to efficiently and effectively identify the targeted victim’s environment, given an unknown malware sample. Unfortunately, existing malware analysis techniques either use a limited, fixed set of analysis environments (not effective) or employ expensive, time-consuming multi-path exploration (not efficient), making them not well-suited to solve this challenge. As such, this paper proposes a new dynamic analysis scheme to deal with this problem by applying the concept of speculative execution in this new context. Specifically, by providing multiple dynamically created, parallel, and virtual environment spaces, we speculatively execute a malware sample and adaptively switch to the right environment during the analysis. Interestingly, while our approach appears to trade space for speed, we show that it can actually use less memory space and achieve much higher speed than existing schemes. We have implemented a prototype system, GoldenEye, and evaluated it with a large real-world malware dataset. The experimental results show that GoldenEye outperforms existing solutions and can effectively and efficiently expose malware’s targeted environment, thereby speeding up the analysis in the critical battle against the emerging targeted malware threat.
The cardiovascular system and diving risk.

Copyright © 2011 by Divers Alert Network, 6 West Colony Place Durham, NC 27705. This book is available for download at no cost as a PDF file from the Divers Alert Network website (http://www.DiversAlertNetwork.org/). Opinions and data presented at the Conference and in these Proceedings are those of the contributors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Divers Alert Network.
The Emergence of Digital Course Materials in Higher Education and Their Effectiveness in Teaching and Engaging Students

About 20 million students are currently enrolled in colleges and universities across the country taking courses that, the majority of the time, require some sort of publisher-provided print and/or digital course materials.’ Historically, these have been provided by traditional publishing companies such as Pearson, Cengage, and McGraw-Hill, but with the increase in technology usage in higher education, more companies have emerged in this space such as OpenStax, a company that provides digital texts in high enrollment college courses for free. Usage of materials in college courses, particularly digital ones, are extremely useful and allow students to engage with their materials in different ways. By understanding how these materials are used in their courses, historically and currently, by both professors and students, one can start to understand the importance of them and what is needed now and for the future to ensure students are given the greatest chance to succeed in their courses.
Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa. I. Effects of holding procedure and seeding on motility, fertilizability, and acrosome reaction

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of (1) holding semen at+5.0°C for 30minutes or −5.0°C for 10minutes and (2) ice crystal induction (seeding) on frozen-thawed human spermatozoa. In experiment 1, spermatozoa were frozen, and postthaw motility was evaluated immediately (0hour) and 24hours later. At both 0 and 24hours, nonfrozen control samples had higher motility than all other treatment groups. At 0hour postthaw, motility was higher in samples held at −5.0°C for 10minutes with no significant effect of seeding. At 24hours, samples held at −5.0°C for 10minutes and seeded, but not samples held at −5.0°C and not seeded, had higher motility than samples held at +5.0°C. In experiment 2, semen samples were frozen, and fertilizability was evaluated in a zona-free hamster egg penetration assay. Seeded samples had a higher frequency of sperm penetration than either nonfrozen or nonseeded samples. In experiment 3, nonfrozen controls and frozen treatment groups were evaluated for the frequency of survival and acrosomal integrity. Seeded samples had higher frequencies of survival and loss of acrosomal integrity than nonseeded samples. All frozen-thawed samples had a lower frequency of survival and a higher frequency of loss of acrosomal integrity than nonfrozen controls. Although altered patterns of fertilizability and acrosomal integrity are induced, collectively these data suggest that incorporating a holding temperature of −5.0°C for 10minutes and seeding may result in a superior protocol for freezing human spermatozoa.
Muddling through cybersecurity: Insights from the U.S. healthcare industry

Abstract The U.S. healthcare sector is inadequately prepared to deal with the reality of cyber threats. The increasing use of smart medical equipment and mobile devices is making healthcare organizations more susceptible to ransomware and other types of malware. The size and complexity of operations, coupled with the presence of numerous legacy and incompatible systems, make it difficult to implement effective cybersecurity measures. The daunting nature of the problem often results in an if-it-ain’t-broke-don’t-fix-it stance among senior healthcare leaders. The preponderance of healthcare-related laws, compliance regulations, and security guidance frameworks serve to complicate the cybersecurity challenge further and too often results in senior leadership assuming a state of blissful ignorance. This study sheds light on the key factors contributing to the chaotic state of affairs and presents a roadmap to a more deliberate and proactive approach to cybersecurity risk management.
Acculturation, pluralism, empowerment: Cultural images as strategic communication on Hispanic nonprofit websites

This quantitative visual content analysis investigated the use of acculturation, pluralism, empowerment, and resistance-themed messages and images in nonprofit strategic communication and digital i...
Efficient and Practical Stochastic Subgradient Descent for Nuclear Norm Regularization

We describe novel subgradient methods for a broad class of matrix optimization problems involving nuclear norm regularization. Unlike existing approaches, our method executes very cheap iterations by combining low-rank stochastic subgradients with efficient incremental SVD updates, made possible by highly optimized and parallelizable dense linear algebra operations on small matrices. Our practical algorithms always maintain a low-rank factorization of iterates that can be conveniently held in memory and efficiently multiplied to generate predictions in matrix completion settings. Empirical comparisons confirm that our approach is highly competitive with several recently proposed state-of-the-art solvers for such problems.
Intersectional insights from an MDMA-assisted psychotherapy training trial: An open letter to racial/ethnic and sexual/gender minorities

The road to the current psychedelic renaissance in research on ±3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) – the active ingredient of the drug Ecstasy – for addressing treatment-resistant post-trauma...
Magneto-thermal transport behavior in freestanding Ni80Fe20/Au bilayer thin films

Abstract Spin polarization, when induced in a non-ferromagnetic material, can change the underlying material behavior especially if the spin diffusion length is of the same order as the sample dimension such as thickness. In this study, we experimentally demonstrate thermal hysteretic behavior induced by spin polarization in Ni80Fe20 (10 nm)/Au (100 nm) bilayer freestanding sample. The thermal hysteresis behavior is uncovered using magneto thermal characterization based on self-heating 3ω method. The third harmonic voltage shows diverging behavior and thermal hysteresis during cooling and heating of the sample under an applied magnetic field, which is attributed to the spin accumulation. The spin accumulation and thermal hysteresis in Au occurs due to ferromagnetic proximity polarization from Ni80Fe20 layer. The observed hysteresis behavior is also attributed to freestanding thin film structure and absence of substrate effects leading to longer spin diffusion length. This study demonstrates experimental evidence of ferromagnetic proximity polarization and resulting changes in thermal transport behavior in Au thin films.
The impact of adjuvant therapy for non-metastatic thymic carcinoma: An analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database.

9071Background: Thymic Carcinoma is a rare malignancy with an aggressive clinical course. While the importance of surgery in the non-metastatic setting has been well defined, the optimal role of ra...
Management of LDL‐cholesterol after an acute coronary syndrome: Key comparisons of the American and European clinical guidelines to the attention of the healthcare providers

Guidelines for the management of blood cholesterol were updated in the past year in the United States and Europe, reflecting a more intensive approach to lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guideline released the 2018 guideline on the management of blood cholesterol on behalf of several American societies. Approximately 9 months later, the European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society published their 2019 guideline for the management of dyslipidemias. Both guidelines have similarities for the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Both emphasize risk assessment of patients as a main approach to guide therapy; those at higher risk of cardiovascular disease have a greater clinical benefit of LDL-C reduction by at least 50%. Both guidelines reinforce the indication to lower LDL-C as an important modifiable risk factor and consider the addition of nonstatin agents, such as ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, in addition to lifestyle counseling and high-intensity statin for further reduction of LDL-C levels. However, the guidelines have differences in the concepts of treatment thresholds (≥70 mg/dL in the United States) vs treatment goals (< 55 mg/dL in Europe), in the definition of very high-risk category and in the classes for recommendation for the use of PCSK9 inhibitors.
Performance Exploration of Virtualization Systems.

Virtualization has gained astonishing popularity in recent decades. It is applied in several application domains, including mainframes, personal computers, data centers, and embedded systems. While the benefits of virtualization are no longer to be demonstrated, it often comes at the price of performance degradation compared to native execution. In this work, we conduct a comparative study on the performance outcome of VMWare, KVM, and Docker against compute-intensive, IO-intensive, and system benchmarks. The experiments reveal that containers are the way-to-go for the fast execution of applications. It also shows that VMWare and KVM perform similarly on most of the benchmarks.
Education for Sustainable Development: A Qualitative Analytical Study on the Impact of the Jordanian Universities’ Role in Supporting Innovation among University Students

This study aimed at exploring and theorizing the role of Jordanian Universities in supporting innovation among university students within the context of education for sustainable development from the point of view of Jordanian University students. For that, the researcher adopted the grounded theory methodology by Strauss and Corbin. The study was conducted at two Jordanian Universities: the University of Jordan and Philadelphia University in the academic year (2019-2020), and the study population consisted of students from the two universities. The researcher chose (300) students from both genders from different faculties and academic years. By applying the grounded theory, the study concluded that the key category that emerged after analyzing the student’s responses describing the impact of the Jordanian Universities’ role in supporting innovation among university students for educational sustainable development is the emphasis on the need for developing proper University innovation ecosystems in their educational systems. Also, the respondents- through online interviews - have emphasized this concept of proper University innovation ecosystems. The key category of this study found that positive and negative impacts could result from applying or neglecting to apply this concept, which generated behaviors toward the concept, which could be considered as the phenomena in the current research.
Startup Fundraising and Equity Split: Do the Number of Investors and Contract Form Matter?

We study equity division between an entrepreneur and one or more potential investors. The investor(s) and the entrepreneur negotiate how much equity (ownership) in the startup the investor(s) should receive in exchange for their investment. The value of that equity is uncertain at the time of the negotiations. We examine how the allocation of startup equity between the entrepreneur and the investors is affected by the following: (1) the number of investors, (2) whether the investors are approached sequentially or simultaneously and (3) whether investors receive downside protection via ``Preferred Stock'', as is sometimes done in practice. Our theoretical results suggest that the entrepreneur would be better off with two investors relative to the single investor case, particularly when bargaining with two investors simultaneously. This prediction is not supported by experimental data which instead suggest that neither the number of investors, nor the timing of the negotiations affect the entrepreneur's profits. In contrast, contractual details matter: across all bargaining regimes, Preferred Stock contracts lead to a 22 to 36\% drop in entrepreneur's profits relative to Common Stock. Additional experiments show that this result persists even as teams gain more practice with contract types, and suggest that it is driven by more aggressive investor bargaining tactics under Preferred Stock contracts.
Three diketomorpholines from a Penicillium sp. (strain G1071)

Abstract Three previously undescribed diketomorpholine natural products, along with the known phenalenones, herqueinone and norherqueinone, were isolated from the mycoparasitic fungal strain G1071, which was identified as a Penicillium sp. in the section Sclerotiora. The structures were established by analyzing NMR data and mass spectrometry fragmentation patterns. The absolute configurations of deacetyl-javanicunine A, javanicunine C, and javanicunine D, were assigned by examining ECD spectra and Marfey's analysis. The structural diversity generated by this fungal strain was interesting, as only a few diketomorpholines (~17) have been reported from nature.
Forced use of inadmissible hearsay evidence in bankruptcy court

In bankruptcy courts across the land, the hearsay rule is violated daily. Bankruptcy courts have created a huge, largely undefended, de facto hearsay exception. In those courts it is common practice to receive evidence via affidavit. The practice may vary from one district to the next, but typically it is this: As long as the witness is available for cross-examination and redirect, the court can order that the witness’s direct testimony be received in the form of an affidavit - and can do so over objection. The affidavit and the promise of redirect replace direct examination. The hearsay rule applies in proceedings “before United States bankruptcy judges.” The affidavit is, of course, an out-of-court statement and here it is offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted. It most certainly is hearsay. Nonetheless, bankruptcy judges typically allow, and even order, testimony submitted by affidavit. If the parties agree to submit testimony by affidavit, then there is no error. If evidence is submitted via affidavit and there is no timely and specific objection, then there is no reviewable error. Bankruptcy courts can grant summary judgment if affidavits are submitted in support of a motion for summary judgment and the affidavits do not raise any issues of material fact. This Article is not about any of that. It is about the practice in bankruptcy court that the parties can be ordered to submit a witness’s evidence via affidavit, even over a timely and specific hearsay objection, and the judge can base the judgment on that affidavit evidence. It is also about the implications this has for all other federal trial courts.
SU‐E‐T‐424: Feasibility of 3D Printed Radiological Equivalent Customizable Tissue Like Materials

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of 3D printing CT# specific radiological equivalent tissue like materials. Methods: A desktop 3D printer was utilized to create a series of 3 cm x 3 cm x 2 cm PLA plastic blocks of varying fill densities. The fill pattern was selected to be hexagonal (Figure 1). A series of blocks was filled with paraffin and compared to a series filled with air. The blocks were evaluated with a “GE Lightspeed” 16 slice CT scanner and average CT# of the centers of the materials was determined. The attenuation properties of the subsequent blocks were also evaluated through their isocentric irradiation via “TrueBeam” accelerator under six beam energies. Blocks were placed upon plastic-water slabs of 4 cm in thickness assuring electronic equilibrium and data was collected via Sun Nuclear “Edge” diode detector. Relative changes in dose were compared with those predicted by Varian “Eclipse” TPS. Results: The CT# of 3D printed blocks was found to be a controllable variable. The fill material was able to narrow the range of variability in each sample. The attenuation of the block tracked with the density of the total fill structure. Assigned CT values in the TPS were seen to fall within an expected range predicted by the CT scans of the 3D printed blocks. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that it is possible to 3D print materials of varying tissue equivalencies, and that these materials have radiological properties that are customizable and predictable.
A computer-based learning environment for teaching high-school students feedback control through design

Summary form only given as follows. Feedback control is a pervasive and powerful concept that engineers have applied to design and analyze devices and processes, such as satellite attitude control and that scientists have used to study natural phenomena, such as thermoregulation in the human body. Yet, traditionally, students first encounter feedback control theory in college engineering courses where it is taught using mathematics that is more advanced than what most high school students study (i.e., calculus, Laplace transforms, and complex analysis). This paper describes current efforts to introduce the concept of feedback control to high school students with a computer-based learning environment we have developed called the Feedback Articulate Virtual Laboratory, or FAVL. The environment consists of a virtual design space and associated activities in which students can analyze, construct, and run simulations of feedback control systems without resorting to college-level mathematics. In addition, FAVL provides scaffolding, or learning supports, for students to help them understand feedback concepts and develop design and analysis skills. In this paper, we describe FAVL and present preliminary findings from a pilot study we conducted in a high school engineering class with two groups of 9th grade students. Specifically, we share initial results on students' changing conceptions of feedback phenomena and difficulties and successes students had while working with FAVL.
The Anomalous Component, its Variation with Latitude and Related Aspects of Modulation

The theory for the origin of the anomalous cosmic ray component and several possible mechanisms for its acceleration are reviewed. The predictions of these mechanisms for the latitude variations of the anomalous component that should be seen by Ulysses are discussed.
Texture analysis using multiresolution moments

A new family of scale, rotation and affine transformation invariant parameters, denoted as multiresolution moments, is introduced. The basic underlying theory of this generalized and extensible family is described. Experimental results obtained by using a specific subset of this family of new parameters towards texture similarity measurement are included to illustrate the applicability and robustness of this family of parameters.
Can Transitional Labour Markets Contribute to a Less Traditional Gender Division of Labour

This paper seeks to clarify how the Transitional Labour Market concept can contribute to building an institutional framework able to progressively transform the current 'parity caregiver' and 'universal breadwinner' models into a 'universal caregiver' model. To this end, the paper will analyse the social policies and institutions that have been put in place in a number of European Union member states, examining also their impact on gender equality.
The Shift From "Learner/Doer of Mathematics" to "Teacher of Mathematics": A Heuristic for Teacher Candidates

Successful teacher preparation programs provide learning experiences that help teacher candidates make the shift from "student" to "teacher." In this paper we present research on the implementation of a process for providing candidates such experiences. Utilizing the Mathematics as Teacher Heuristic (MATH) process, prospective high school mathematics teachers explore rich problems by solving the task, analyzing samples of student work, designing a solution key, and modifying the task. We use their engagement in these explorations and reflections on the process to analyse the development of candidates' Content Knowledge and Pedagogical Content Knowledge.