cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of hydrostatic high-pressure processing on the chemical, functional, and rheological properties of starter-free Queso Fresco

Queso Fresco (QF), a popular high-moisture, high-pH Hispanic-style cheese sold in the United States, underwent high-pressure processing (HPP), which has the potential to improve the safety of cheese, to determine the effects of this process on quality traits of the cheese. Starter-free, rennet-set QF (manufactured from pasteurized, homogenized milk, milled before hooping, and not pressed) was cut into 4.5- × 4.5- × 15-cm blocks and double vacuum packaged. Phase 1 of the research examined the effects of hydrostatic HPP on the quality traits of fresh QF that had been warmed to a core temperature of 20 or 40 °C; processed at 200, 400, or 600 MPa for 5, 10, or 20 min; and stored at 4 °C for 6 to 8d. Phase 2 examined the long-term effects of HPP on quality traits when QF was treated at 600 MPa for 3 or 10 min, and stored at 4 or 10 °C for up to 12 wk. Warming the QF to 40 °C before packaging and exposure to high pressure resulted in loss of free whey from the cheese into the package, lower moisture content, and harder cheese. In phase 2, the control QF, regardless of aging temperature, was significantly softer than HPP cheeses over the 12 wk of storage. Hardness, fracture stress, and fracture rigidity increased with length of exposure time and storage temperature, with minor changes in the other properties. Queso Fresco remained a bright white, weak-bodied cheese that crumbled and did not melt upon heating. Although high pressures or long processing times may be required for the elimination of pathogens, cheese producers must be aware that HPP altered the rheological properties of QF and caused wheying-off in cheeses not pressed before packaging.
Numerical simulation of molecular uptake via electroporation.

Abstract A numerical study of electroporation-mediated molecular delivery is presented. The model consists of the Nernst–Planck equations for species transport, coupled with an asymptotic Smoluchowski equation for membrane permeabilization. The transfer of calcium ions into a Chinese Hamster Ovary cell is simulated. The results reveal important physical insights. First, for this particular case, ion electrophoresis plays an important role, and is an order of magnitude faster than free diffusion on a comparable time scale. Second, the maximum achievable concentration within the cell is reciprocally correlated with the extracellular electrical conductivity. This behavior is mediated by an electrokinetic mechanism known as field-amplified sample stacking. Through this mechanism, the intracellular ion concentration can reach a level higher than the extracellular one provided that the intra-to-extracellular conductivity ratio is greater than unity. The results corroborate well with data in the literature, and offer a mechanistic interpretation to previous experimental observations. This work is a step toward the quantification of molecular delivery via electroporation.
Computerized video-composition for the humanist

In 1948, for the first time, photography as a method for reproducing text for commercial printing became practical. The full impact of this method of printing could not be realized until new methods were developed for the production of the pages to be photographed. The computer has made this possible, and the combination of computer composition and photo-reproduction is revolutionizing the printing industry.' Many of the changes effected are internal and technical, of interest only to publishers and printers. Many of them offer possibilities that may be of tremendous importance to humanists. To understand these possibilities one must know something of the machines that have created them.2 Computerized photocomposers may be divided into three stages of development or three generations of machines in use today.3 The first type developed, or the first-generation machines, are those which mechanically produce one character at a time on a page. In this class are the IBM Selectric typewriters attached to computers and similar devices. For the most part these machines are relatively slow, printing between 10 and 20 characters per second. They employ relatively small character sets and allow a narrow range of variation in size of print and spacing.4 The second-generation machines use electro-mechanical systems. Among these are the Harris Intertype and the Photon machines. These are much faster (the Photon can produce around 600 characters per second) and are able to handle considerably larger character sets (limited by the mechanical size of the productive apparatus). The Photon,
Biological Functions and Metabolic Fate of Vitamin E Revisited

Information accumulated lately has confirmed the essentiality of vitamin E for humans and provided a better understanding of its biological function and metabolic fate. The discovery of α-tocopherol transfer protein, which preferentially binds to RRR-α-tocopherol, not only provides conclusive evidence of the essentiality of vitamin E for humans, but also sheds light on the superiority of RRR-α-tocopherol biologically over other isomers. The presence of tocopherol regeneration systems and multiple interdependent antioxidant systems is largely responsible for the lack of a widespread deficiency in humans and the difficulty to deplete vitamin E in the adult. The bulk of excess tocopherols consumed is excreted to feces unchanged or to urine with the side chain shortened but the chroman ring intact. The ability of dietary vitamin E to mediate mitochondrial superoxide generation affords a possible mode of action of vitamin E at the tissue levels. By decreasing the generation and/or the levels of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, dietary vitamin E not only protects against oxidative damage, but also modulates the expression and/or activation of redox-sensitive biological response modifiers that regulate important cellular events.
Self-Stimulation in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus

Male Sprague-Dawley rats pressed a bar for electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus. The threshold for such behavior correlated positively with the threshold to stop feeding and the threshold to escape from prolonged stimulation at the same electrode site. The results again open the question of the role that the ventromedial area is playing in positively reinforcing and punishment systems.
863 — Absorption and conversion of electric field energy by membrane bound atpases

Electric fields are ubiquitous in living organisms, yet, little is known of their effects on the function of enzymes and proteins. Recent experiments show that applied electric fields can induce active transport of K+, Rb+ and Ca2+ by transport-ATPases, as well as ATP synthesis by ATP-synthetases. In all cases, tightly sealed membrane vesicles have been essential. Here we present a kinetic model for the transduction of electric field energy based on three considerations: 1. The equilibrium between any two conformational states of a protein is susceptible to perturbation by an electric field so long as there exists a difference between the molar electric moments. 2. An integral membrane protein experiences an amplified electric field. 3. The transmembrane potential is maintained only with non-leaky vesicles. This model consists of four steps to form a complete cycle (i.e. one enzyme turnover), namely, the conformational energy coupling (energy absorption), the substrate binding, the energy transduction (energy conversion), and the product release steps. The energy transduction step is mediated by reversal of the local field. Computer simulations show that this four state model converts electric field energy into chemical potential energy if the frequency and the strength of the applied field properly match the characteristics of the system. The model finds analogy in an electric rectifier, which conducts current only in certain directions. The results of simulation agree with the main features of the experimental data for voltage-stimulated active transport of Rb+via (Na,K)ATPase of erythrocytes. The concept is extended to the interpretation of data for the voltage-induced ATP synthesis by ATP-synthetases. In this case, F0 is treated as a voltage modulating subunit whose function is to effect a periodic attenuation of the local electric field. This modulation allows multiple enzyme turnover even when a d.c. field is imposed. For the in vivo ATP synthesis, the membrane potential (d.c. in nature) presumably is supplied by the electron transport reactions. Reduction of cytochromes reconstituted into the lipid bilayer is well known to generate transmembrane potentials. The model treats the energy coupling event as a field-induced conformational change, and reduces energy transduction to events pertinent to the study of molecular mechanisms of enzyme action. The equations derived are solidly based on fundamental thermodynamic principles.
Contact lens abrasions and the nonophthalmologist

Corneal abrasions associated with contact lens wear are commonly evaluated and treated in acute care clinics and emergency departments by nonophthalmologists. The risk of progression to suppurative keratitis in this setting requires management distinct from that of other mechanical (eg, fingernail scratch) corneal abrasions. The antibiotic chosen should reflect the need for prophylaxis against Pseudomonas. Conditions favoring bacterial growth, specifically occlusive patching and/or use of steroid containing compounds, should be avoided, and 24-hour follow-up examination is recommended.
Response of an Isolated Particulate Subjected to Lateral Electric Fields in a DC Glow Discharge

Isolated spheres of borosilicate glass are suspended in a dc glow discharge in neon. The isolated sphere is laterally displaced by applying a transient voltage across a pair of electrodes mounted on the wall of the discharge tube. By monitoring the response of the particulate when subjected to a step change in the voltage and to sinusoidally varying voltages of different frequencies, the charge on the suspended sphere is inferred. Unlike most previous studies, this paper considers heavier (from 16 to 42 times heavier) particulates and heavily damped conditions. Measurements are reported for 20.3- and 4.9-mum -diameter borosilicate glass spheres. It is found that lateral excitation of an isolated particulate in a dc glow discharge cannot drive the motion to classical resonance as has been observed in previous work involving axial displacements in RF plasmas. The classical forced damped oscillator model used successfully in previous work to explain experimental observations is found to be inadequate for the conditions of this paper. Rather, the base excitation (BE) model is found to exhibit good agreement with the present experimental results at frequencies exceeding the frequency at which the displacement is a maximum. Sheath polarization, neglected in previous work, is included in this paper. It is found that drag due to collisions with neutrals is insufficient to account for the total drag on the particulate under heavily damped conditions. A new means of estimating the charge from the frequency response of the particulate motion using the BE model is described. Based on this method, charge numbers of Z = 9.2 times105 and Z = 1.5 times104 are inferred for the 20.3- and 4.9-mum spheres, respectively.
Assessing the bioconfinement potential of a Nicotiana hybrid platform for use in plant molecular farming applications

Background The introduction of pharmaceutical traits in tobacco for commercial production could benefit from the utilization of a transgene bioconfinement system. It has been observed that interspecific F1Nicotiana hybrids (Nicotiana tabacum × Nicotiana glauca) are sterile and thus proposed that hybrids could be suitable bioconfined hosts for biomanufacturing. We genetically tagged hybrids with green fluorescent protein (GFP), which was used as a visual marker to enable gene flow tracking and quantification for field and greenhouse studies. GFP was used as a useful proxy for pharmaceutical transgenes.
The Historical Sociology Of Empire: Response to Critics of Patterns of Empire

Go’s contribution to the book forum on Patterns of Empire responds to the critiques of the other commentators in the section. Although Go disagrees with some of the readings of his work, he welcomes future studies—whether comparative, postcolonial, transnational, or otherwise—that interrogate and challenge empire’s exceptionalist fantasies of uniqueness, power, and agency. Empires are far too sprawling and devious to be left in the hands of any single discipline, method, or theoretical approach. To this, Go writes, the US empire is no exception.
Ethylene Inhibits Cell Proliferation of the Arabidopsis Root Meristem

The root system of plants plays a critical role in plant growth and survival, with root growth being dependent on both cell proliferation and cell elongation. Multiple phytohormones interact to control root growth, including ethylene, which is primarily known for its role in controlling root cell elongation. We find that ethylene also negatively regulates cell proliferation at the root meristem of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Genetic analysis indicates that the inhibition of cell proliferation involves two pathways operating downstream of the ethylene receptors. The major pathway is the canonical ethylene signal transduction pathway that incorporates CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1, ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2, and the ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 family of transcription factors. The secondary pathway is a phosphorelay based on genetic analysis of receptor histidine kinase activity and mutants involving the type B response regulators. Analysis of ethylene-dependent gene expression and genetic analysis supports SHORT HYPOCOTYL2, a repressor of auxin signaling, as one mediator of the ethylene response and furthermore, indicates that SHORT HYPOCOTYL2 is a point of convergence for both ethylene and cytokinin in negatively regulating cell proliferation. Additional analysis indicates that ethylene signaling contributes but is not required for cytokinin to inhibit activity of the root meristem. These results identify key elements, along with points of cross talk with cytokinin and auxin, by which ethylene negatively regulates cell proliferation at the root apical meristem.
Identifying drosophila cell-cycle regulated genes from irregular microarray data

Due to experimental constraints, most microarray observations are obtained through irregular sampling. In this paper three popular spectral analyzing schemes, i.e., Lomb-Scargle, Capon and the missing data amplitude and phase estimation (MAPES), are compared in terms of their ability and efficiency to recover the periodically expressed genes. The in silico experiments based on microarray measurements of drosophila melanogaster not only verify half of the published cell-cycle genes, but also corroborate genes that behave periodically in human Hela time series experiments.
Does Computed Tomography–Based Muscle Density Predict Muscle Function and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies?

Objective To investigate the association of low-density (lipid-rich) muscle measured by computed tomography (CT) with skeletal muscle function and health-related quality of life in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). Methods Seventeen patients and 10 healthy controls underwent CT of the midthigh to quantify high- (30–100 HU) and low-density (0–29 HU) skeletal muscle areas. Anthropometric measures, body composition, physical activity level, health-related quality of life, skeletal muscle strength, endurance, and fatigue were assessed. Patients were compared against controls. The relationship of anthropometric, body composition, and disease variables with measures of muscle function were examined using Spearman's test on the patient group. Linear regression was used to assess the age- and disease-adjusted relationship of muscle quality to physical function and muscle strength. Results Patients had higher body fat percentage (P = 0.042), trunk fat mass (P = 0.042), android:gynoid fat (P = 0.033), and midthigh low-density muscle/total muscle area (P < 0.001) compared to controls. Midthigh low-density muscle/total muscle area was negatively correlated with self-reported physical function, strength, and endurance (the Short Form 36 [SF-36] health survey physical functioning [P = 0.004], manual muscle testing [P = 0.020], knee maximal voluntary isometric contraction/thigh mineral-free lean mass [P < 0.001], and the endurance step test [P < 0.001]), suggesting that muscle quality impacts function in IIM. Using multiple linear regression adjusted for age, global disease damage, and total fat mass, poor muscle quality as measured by midthigh low-density muscle/total muscle area was negatively associated with SF-36 physical functioning (P = 0.009). Conclusion Midthigh low-density muscle/total muscle area is a good predictor of muscle strength, endurance, and health-related quality of life as it pertains to physical functioning in patients with IIMs.
The Pleckstrin Homology Domain Is the Principle Link between the Insulin Receptor and IRS-1

Interaction domains located in the NH2 terminus of IRS-1 mediate its recognition by the insulin receptor. Alignment of IRS-1 and IRS-2 reveals two homology regions: the IH1(PH) contains a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, and the IH2(PTB) contains a phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain. A third region in IRS-1 called SAIN was proposed to contain another functional PTB domain. Peptide competition experiments demonstrated that the IH2(PTB) in IRS-2, like the corresponding domain in IRS-1, binds directly to peptides containing NPXY motifs. In contrast, these peptides do not bind to IH1(PH) or the SAIN regions. In 32D cells the IH1(PH) was essential for insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and insulin-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and p70(s6k) phosphorylation. In contrast, the IH2(PTB) and the SAIN regions were not required for these insulin actions; however, the IH2(PTB) improved the coupling between IRS-1 and the insulin receptor. Overexpression of the insulin receptor in 32DIR cells increased IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and mediated insulin-stimulated DNA synthesis. The sensitivity of these responses was partially reduced by deletion of either the IH1(PH) or the IH2(PTB) and significantly reduced when both regions were deleted together. Thus, the PH and PTB domains equally couple IRS-1 to high levels of insulin receptor normally expressed in most cells, whereas at low levels of insulin receptors the PTB domain is inefficient and the PH domain is essential for a productive interaction.
Correlates of Health-Related Quality of Life in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Cumulative Risk Model Approach

Objective To examine associations between disease-related, individual, and contextual risk factors and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of youth with inflammatory bowel disease using a cumulative risk model framework. Methods Participants were 50 youth (58% male; M age ¼ 15 years). Youth and parents completed measures of HRQoL, psychological functioning, and family functioning. Disease information was collected from medical record reviews. Medication adherence was electronically monitored via MEMS cap bottles. A cumulative risk index (CRI) was constructed based on disease activity, disease type, gender, anxiety/depression, medication adherence, general family functioning, disease-specific family functioning, and socioeconomic status. Results The CRI was associated with all youth- and mother-reported HRQoL domains. Furthermore, contextual domain factors were most consistently associated with youth and maternal reports of HRQoL. Conclusion These results show promise in supporting the value of the CRI in identifying potential risk factors for lower HRQoL in a cross-sectional sample.
Combustion science for incineration technology

The major impediments to public acceptance of incineration as a waste disposal technology are emissionsof organic compounds, dioxins, and toxic metals. Combustion science provides insight into mechanisms governing each of these three issues. It accomplishes two things: It identifies potential problems before they occur in the field, and it proposes solutions to known problems after they have occurred. In this paper, the practical relevance of combustion science to incineration technology issues is reviewed, and important gaps and needs are identified. Turbulent mixing plays a most important role in the destruction of organic wastes in practical units.Emissions of products of incomplete combustion are also more often governed by the effects of physical combustion processes on kinetics, rather than by chemical kinetics alone. For example, incinerator failure modes can arise through wayward trajectories of rogue droplets after atomization, or, in rotary kilns, through the formation of puffs, caused by the transient release of waste from containerized sorbents and subsequent incomplete mixing. Prediction of these phenomena requires a detailed knowledge of the fundamentals of turbulent reactive flows. Toxic metals are transformed in the incinerator environment, and the high temperatures can be exploitedto allow these metals to be managed. Metal/sorbent chemistry at high temperature is not known, but it is important, since it can control the ultimate impact of these metals upon the environment.
Students' Perceptions of Technology Use in College Courses:

Seven hundred twenty-eight undergraduate and graduate students completed a questionnaire on the use of technology in one of their courses. Twenty courses, representing a wide range of academic disc...
Exact solution for the cylindrical bending of laminated plates with embedded piezoelectric shear actuators

An exact three-dimensional state space solution is obtained for the static cylindrical bending of simply supported laminated plates with embedded shear mode piezoelectric actuators, and subjected to mechanical and electric loading on the upper and lower surfaces. Each layer of the laminate is made of either an orthotropic elastic material or a piezoelectric material whose poling direction lies in the plane of the plate, with perfect bonding between the adjoining layers. The displacements and stresses for a homogeneous piezoelectric plate for various length-to-thickness ratios are compared with those obtained by the first-order shear deformation theory. Results are also presented for a hybrid laminate with a shear mode piezoelectric core sandwiched between two elastic layers. A comparison of stresses with those in the corresponding surface-mounted extension actuation configuration shows that the longitudinal and shear stresses within the actuator are significantly smaller for the shear actuation mechanism. The analytical results can be used to assess the accuracy of different plate theories and/or validating finite element codes.
Marketing Applications of the Analytic Hierarchy Process

Several marketing applications of the Analytic Hierarchy Process AHP are reviewed. The paper starts with a brief description of this process, which was developed by Thomas Saaty in 1971, including an eight-point outline of how to apply it. The thrust of the paper is a discussion of a number of illustrative applications of the AHP covering the following areas: the portfolio decisions of a firm whose management is concerned with the determination of the desired target portfolio and allocation of resources among its components, determination of the directions for new product development, and generation and evaluation of marketing mix strategies. Various suggestions for additional research on the AHP and its marketing applications are highlighted.
An examination of the effects of levelingwith nickel titanium rectangular arch wires combined with torqued incisor brackets

Abstract Leveling the curve of Spee with sequential round cross-section arch wires characteristically results in incisor proclination. To prevent this, the use of low modulus, rectangular cross-section arch wires combined with torqued incisor brackets has been recommended by some clinicians. Clinical data were analyzed to determine whether this is the case. It showed that proclination does occur at a lesser angle and at a mean center of rotation more apical to that of the mean center of rotation resulting from leveling with successive round arch wires. A probability calculation suggests that in a random selection of 2 patients, in which patient 1 was treated by round wire leveling and patient 2 was treated by rectangular wire/torqued bracket leveling, the odds are approximately 2 to 1 in favor of patient 2 having more labial bone stressed than patient 1. This is primarily caused by the incisors' centers of rotation being displaced more apically. This negative effect is reduced somewhat by increase intercuspid canine width, a characteristic of low modulus nickel titanium rectangular arch wire forms. It should be noted, however, that earlier studies have shown that increased canine cross-arch widths potentiate posttreatment instability.
Hydromagnetic Effects in Superfluid 3He

A Ginzburg-Landau expansion is used to study a uniformly-flowing p-wave Fermi superfluid in a static magnetic field near TC. The three-dimensional state undergoes strong hydromagnetic suppression, affecting the critical current, the dipole energy, and the overall phase diagram.
Bone marrow mast cell morphologic features and hematopoietic dyspoiesis in systemic mast cell disease.

Systemic mast cell disease (SMCD) cannot be distinguished from reactive mastocytosis (RM) by quantitation of mast cells in aspirate smears, and few studies have analyzed systematically the morphologic features of mast cells in SMCD vs RM. In addition, although SMCD is associated with myeloproliferative disorders/myelodysplastic syndromes (MPD/MDS), it is not known whether subtle signs of dysplasia or MPD can be found in SMCD, suggesting most cases are part of a dysplastic or myeloproliferative process. We compared 18 bone marrow specimens with SMCD with 10 bone marrow specimens from patients with RM. Mast cells in SMCD were more likely to show cytoplasmic hypogranularity, uneven granule distribution, and fusiform morphologic features. Eight cases of SMCD (44%) demonstrated MPD/MDS, and 9 cases (50%) showed subtle evidence of dyspoiesis, with megaloblastic change, nuclear budding of erythroid precursors, and/or atypical megakaryocytes. Mast cells in SMCD appear morphologically different from those in reactive proliferations. Dyspoietic features were present in most cases of SMCD, suggesting that SMCD is part of a spectrum of chronic myeloproliferative/ myelodysplastic disorders.
Quinoline-carboxylic acids are potent inhibitors that inhibit the binding of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) to IGF-binding proteins.

Abstract 4-Benzylquinolines 5 , based on a series of isoquinolines 1 , were prepared and tested as inhibitors of the IGF/IGFBP-3 complex based on their ability to displace IGF-I from its binding to IGF-binding protein-3. SAR studies on the 6,7-dihydroxy moiety of the quinoline 5a showed that the catecol moiety could be replaced with other functional groups. Computational modeling of the 5a /mini-IGFBP-5 complex revealed the possible binding site of 5a on IGFBP-5.
Salicylic Acid Treatment Increases the Levels of Triterpene Glycosides in Black Cohosh (Actaea Racemosa) Rhizomes

Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa) serves as the host plant for the Appalachian azure butterfly, Celastrina neglectamajor. Overharvesting of Black cohosh for the dietary supplement industry may result in its extirpation, and may also cause the elimination of the dependent butterfly. One way to increase or maintain the number of host plants in forested environments would be to reduce the number harvested, for example by increasing the levels of the desired metabolites in Black cohosh rhizomes. The secondary metabolites actein and deoxyactein are triterpene glycosides and are among the compounds associated with the putative activity of Black cohosh extracts. Acetein and deoxyacetein are used to standardize Black cohosh supplements. To gain an understanding of mechanisms that may control actein and deoxyactein accumulation, Black cohosh rhizomes were treated with exogenous salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, or ethylene, or were mechanically wounded. Salicylic acid treatment significantly increased the levels of actein and deoxyactein in the rhizome of Black cohosh, suggesting that the synthesis of triterpene glycosides is controlled in part by salicylic acid. Using salicylic acid or related chemicals to increase the levels of actein and deoxyactein in rhizomes may help supply the supplement industry and, simultaneously, help conserve Black cohosh and species dependent upon it.
Evidence for the Role of Physical Forces in Growth, Morphogenesis and Differentiation

Historically, evidence for the role of physical forces and internal stresses on growth, morphogenesis and differentiation has been observed and utilized for a long time. Both soft and hard tissues need stress for their proper development, maintenance, and repair. However, the detailed mechanisms of cellular response to physical forces are not known at a molecular level. The sensing, transduction, and monitoring mechanisms associated with stress effects on cells are just now being elaborated.
Geochronologic evidence of upper-crustal in situ differentiation: Silicic magmatism at the Organ caldera complex, New Mexico

The combination of new 40 Ar/ 39 Ar and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U/Pb zircon ages with published geochemistry of the volcanic and plutonic rocks of the Organ caldera complex (New Mexico) provides a framework for understanding the origin of these silicic magmas and the time scales of caldera magmatism. The Organ caldera complex erupted three ignimbrites: the 36.45 ± 0.08 Ma Cueva Tuff, the 36.23 ± 0.14 Ma Achenback Park Tuff, and the 36.03 ± 0.16 Ma Squaw Mountain Tuff. The ignimbrite sequence is zoned from a crystal-poor, high-SiO 2 rhyolite at the base to a crystal-rich, low-SiO 2 rhyolite at the top. The ignimbrite sequence is intruded by the zoned Organ Needle pluton, which has previously been interpreted to be the nonerupted silicic cap and less-differentiated residual crystal mush of the caldera-forming magma chamber. The geochronology of the Organ Needle pluton indicates that these silicic magmas were generated via shallow-crustal in situ differentiation. U/Pb zircon and many 40 Ar/ 39 Ar biotite ages of the different phases of the Organ Needle pluton are temporally indistinguishable from the Squaw Mountain Tuff eruption age, indicating that this pluton was emplaced and rapidly cooled during or shortly after the youngest caldera eruption. New ages also suggest that Organ caldera magmatism was characterized by protracted emplacement of magmas following caldera collapse. Volcanism continued after the caldera eruptions until at least 35.7 Ma. Three silicic postcaldera plutons were emplaced between 36.0 and 34.3 Ma. Multiple diffusion domain thermal modeling of plutonic K-feldspar suggests reheating events, possibly related to postcaldera magmatism, at 34 Ma, 32–30 Ma, and as young as 26 Ma. Geochronology, geochemistry, and field-based observations of the Organ Needle pluton and caldera-forming ignimbrites support the hypothesis that some plutonic rocks are the nonerupted, geochemically complementary residues of large-volume silicic eruptions.
Baroreceptor-mediated suppression of osmotically stimulated vasopressin in normal humans.

Increases in central venous pressure and arterial pressure have been reported to have variable effects on normal arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels in healthy humans. To test the hypothesis that baroreceptor suppression of AVP secretion might be more likely if AVP were subjected to a prior osmotic stimulus, we investigated the response of plasma AVP to increased central venous pressure and mean arterial pressure after hypertonic saline in six normal volunteers. Plasma AVP, serum osmolality, heart rate, central venous pressure, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure were assessed before and after a 0.06 ml.kg-1.min-1-infusion of 5% saline give over 90 min and then after 10 min of 30 degrees head-down tilt and 10 min of head-down tilt plus lower-body positive pressure. Hypertonic saline increased plasma AVP. After head-down tilt, which did not change heart rate, pulse pressure, or mean arterial pressure but did increase central venous pressure, plasma AVP fell. Heart rate, pulse pressure, and central venous pressure were unchanged from head-down tilt values during lower-body positive pressure, whereas mean arterial pressure increased. Plasma AVP during lower-body positive pressure was not different from that during tilt. Osmolality increased during the saline infusion but was stable throughout the remainder of the study. These data therefore suggest that an osmotically stimulated plasma AVP level can be suppressed by baroreflex activation. Either the low-pressure cardiopulmonary receptors (subjected to a rise in central venous pressure during head-down tilt) or the sinoaortic baroreceptors (subjected to hydrostatic effects during head-down tilt) could have been responsible for the suppression of AVP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Impact of Nonvascular Thoracic MR Imaging on the Clinical Decision Making of Thoracic Surgeons: A 2-year Prospective Study

Purpose To determine the impact of nonvascular thoracic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging on the clinical decision making and diagnostic certainty of thoracic surgeons. Materials and Methods Seven thoracic surgeons at Massachusetts General Hospital, an academic quaternary referral hospital, participated in this 2-year, prospective, institution review board-approved, HIPAA-compliant pre- and post-MR imaging survey study after completing a one-time demographic survey. Between July 16, 2013, and July 13, 2015, each time a thoracic surgeon ordered a nonvascular thoracic MR imaging study via radiology order entry, he or she was sent a link to the pre-test survey that ascertained the clinical rationale for MR imaging, the clinical management plan if MR imaging was not an option, and pre-test diagnostic certainty. Upon completion of the MR imaging report, the surgeon was sent a link to the post-test survey assessing if/how MR imaging changed clinical management, the surgeon's comfort with the clinical management plan, and post-test diagnostic certainty. Data were analyzed with Student t, Wilcoxon, and McNemar tests. Results A total of 99 pre- and post-test surveys were completed. Most MR imaging studies (64 of 99 [65%]) were requested because of indeterminate computed tomographic findings. The use of MR imaging significantly reduced the number of planned surgical interventions (P < .001), modified the surgical approach in 54% (14 of 26) of surgical cases, and increased surgeon comfort with the patient management plan in 95% (94 of 99) of cases. Increased diagnostic certainty as a result of MR imaging was highly significant (P < .0001). In 21% (21 of 99) of cases, definitive MR imaging results warranted no further follow-up or clinical care. Conclusion In appropriate cases, assessment with nonvascular thoracic MR imaging substantially affects the clinical decision making and diagnostic certainty of thoracic surgeons. (©) RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article. An earlier incorrect version of this article appeared online. This article was corrected on May 2, 2016.
Deterioration and Restoration of Coastal Wetlands

Coastal Louisiana wetlands are a product of Mississippi River delta building that has occurred over a period of 5,000 years The building process was a gradual one, for riverine and marine processes were very nearly balanced In modern times man's use of the area (flood control, navigation improvement, exploitation of petroleum and other minerals, road building, etc ) has seriously altered the natural balance As a result, overbank flooding has been virtually eliminated and river flow is confined to channels discharging into the outer shelf area Most transported sediment is now deposited in the deep Gulf of Mexico or along the continental shelf Saltwater encroachment in the deltaic estuaries has been detrimental to fauna and flora Even though considerable sediment deposition has resulted from the historic Atchafalaya River diversion and growth of subdeltas, comparative map studies indicate a net land loss rate of 16 5 miles^/year during the last 25 to 30 years Land loss is only one symptom of general environmental deterioration A dynamic management plan is proposed for better utilization of combined freshwater discharge - dissolved solid and transported sediment input from the Mississippi River Controlled flow into estuaries will reduce salinity encroachment and supply badly needed nutrients Large areas of new marshland and estuarme habitat can be built by controlled subdelta diversion Studies of natural subdeltas indicate that these systems are amenable to environmental management, salinities and sediment deposition may be manipulated to enhance desired conditions.
The Fungi of Blacksburg, Virginia

During the latter half of July, 1920, the following fungi-over I50 species-were found by the writer in the vicinity of Blacksburg, Virginia, mostly in oak-chestnut groves with white oak predominating. The elevation is 2,200 feet and the underlying rock near the town is Trenton limestone, while on Brush Mountain, a mile or two to the north, the soil had its origin in subcarboniferous shales and sandstones. On account of the excellent season, many valuable field notes ard several novelties were obtained, especially of the fleshy forms. Attention is called to observations in connection with Ceriomyces retipes, Hexagona alveolaris, Vaginata plumbea, and Venenarius cothurnatus.
Synchronized Large-Eddy Simulations to track Native Perturbations in a Turbulent Jet

Jet noise prediction and control are of great interest to civil and military aviation because of health hazards, associated higher medical expenses and stricter noise regulations at airports. Decades of research has greatly improved understanding of noise generation dynamics, but significant gaps remain. In this work, a novel method is proposed to analyze the non-linear processes by which turbulent fluctuations in the jet are processed to yield the near acoustic field. The approach effectively tags perturbations at desired regions (windows) in the jet, so they may be tracked as they are processed by the turbulent environment. For this, we adopt synchronized Large Eddy Simulations (LES) in which two simulations are performed in lock-step manner. At each step, native perturbations are generated in the chosen window from the first (or baseline simulation), scaled to small values and then injected into the second (or twin simulation) to provide a perturbation-boost in the targeted region. At subsequent times, the difference between the two simulations provides a snapshot of the evolution of the perturbation-boost field associated with the chosen window. This field is then statistically analyzed to identify the mechanisms by which turbulence filters and modulates the signal to create the near field acoustic signature. Results are described for a 1.3 Mach cold jet with perturbation-boosts at different locations in the jet plume. Turbulence is seen to be processed in ways that are characteristic of the location of the perturbation-boost. The end of the potential core is found to be a sensitive zone where perturbations are amplified. Sources farther from the nozzle exit have relatively more upstream effect. Perturbations within the initial lip line shear layer are stronger, and are initially channeled towards the core before propagating outward. Statistical analysis is presented to quantify the presence of intermittent events which have a major role in creating the near field sound signature using forward correlation techniques starting from the location of the perturbation-boost.
2014 American Pancreatic Association presidential address.

I join my friend and esteemed colleague Dr Tooru Shimosegawa for this invitation to join us for a magnificent meeting planned at the Hapuna Resort on the Big Island of Hawaii. We feel that this is the perfect location because of its quiet, peaceful, and beautiful surroundings that will allow us an unparalleled opportunity to make significant progress in our joint efforts to share research findings and ideas to improve research and better patient outcomes in the pancreas world. We have planned the meeting to take advantage of the complementary talents of members of both the Japan Pancreas Society and the American Pancreatic Association (APA) as well our admired colleagues from other countries. For this meeting, we have placed a special emphasis on addressing strategies to develop early diagnostic markers for pancreatic cancer and to move forward in developing treatments for acute pancreatitis along with metrics for measuring the quality and performance of the care. We specifically want to thank the Kenner Foundation for sponsoring a workshop devoted to strategies on early diagnostics for pancreatic cancer and the Hirshberg Foundation for their continued support of topics in pancreatic cancer. I join Dr Shimosegawa in thanking Dr Ashok Saluja for his inspiration in suggesting the site for our meeting and ensuring that we continue this collaboration between our societies and Dr Kiochi Takehara for his magnificent organizational skills in helping us to rapidly come to consensus on the planning aspects of the meeting. We also thank Erin Brudvik in the APA office for her tireless efforts to arrange each and every detail of the meeting. As Dr Shimosegawa indicated, we are blessed to have had a long history of meaningful interactions between our societies initiated by the APA and the Japan Pancreas Society pioneers. We are entrusted to continue this tradition with the expectation that our combined efforts will have a significant and beneficial impact for patients who develop pancreatic diseases. Thank you for joining us and we promise to exceed your expectations.
Robust Amidation Transformation of Plant Oils into Fatty Derivatives for Sustainable Monomers and Polymers

Sustainable fuels, chemicals, and materials from renewable resources have recently gained tremendous momentum in a global scale, although there are numerous nontrivial hurdles for making them more competitive with petroleum counterparts. We demonstrate a robust strategy for the transformation of plant oils into polymerizable monomers and thermoplastic polymer materials. Specifically, triglycerides were converted into N-hydroxyalkyl fatty amides with the aid of amino alcohols via a mild base-catalyzed amidation process with nearly quantitative yields without the use of column chromatography and organic solvents. These fatty amides were further converted into a variety of methacrylate monomers, cyclic norbornene monomers and imino ether monomers. Representative polymers from selected monomers exhibit drastic different physical properties with subtle structural variations, highlighting the potential of this particular amidation reaction in the field of biomass transformation.
Safety precautions for performing tests for hepatitis-associated "Australia" antigen and antibodies.

The hazards of infection involved in performing tests for hepatitis-associated “Australia” antigen are discussed. General microbiologic safety procedures which should be employed in handling potentially infectious blood and blood products are indicated. Specific measures which may be taken to reduce the risk of infection in conducting immunodiffusion, immunoelectroosmophoresis, and complement fixation tests are presented.
A Study on the Positive and Negative Effects of Socialist Market Economy

Market economy is an interest-driven economy which, under the influence of markel function mechanism, fully performs to bring into play the enthusiasm and creativity of people to participate in market economy activities so as to push forward enormously the economic and social development. However, as the market economy is influenced by the principles of interest-orientation, competitiveness, fair exchange, etc, it also keeps a negative effect. Thus, it is pretty essential for people to correct and eliminate the cognitive and ideological misunderstandings if they come to know correctly the positive and negative effects of markel economy.
Prediction of Muscle Fatigue during Minimally Invasive Surgery Using Recurrence Quantification Analysis

Due to its inherent complexity such as limited work volume and degree of freedom, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is ergonomically challenging to surgeons compared to traditional open surgery. Specifically, MIS can expose performing surgeons to excessive ergonomic risks including muscle fatigue that may lead to critical errors in surgical procedures. Therefore, detecting the vulnerable muscles and time-to-fatigue during MIS is of great importance in order to prevent these errors. The main goal of this study is to propose and test a novel measure that can be efficiently used to detect muscle fatigue. In this study, surface electromyography was used to record muscle activations of five subjects while they performed fifteen various laparoscopic operations. The muscle activation data was then reconstructed using recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) to detect possible signs of muscle fatigue on eight muscle groups (bicep, triceps, deltoid, and trapezius). The results showed that RQA detects the fatigue sign on bilateral trapezius at 47.5 minutes (average) and bilateral deltoid at 57.5 minutes after the start of operations. No sign of fatigue was detected for bicep and triceps muscles of any subject. According to the results, the proposed novel measure can be efficiently used to detect muscle fatigue and eventually improve the quality of MIS procedures with reducing errors that may result from overlooked muscle fatigue.
Tupleware: "Big" Data, Big Analytics, Small Clusters

There is a fundamental discrepancy between the targeted and actual users of current analytics frameworks. Most systems are designed for the challenges of the Googles and Facebooks of the world— processing petabytes of data distributed across large cloud deployments consisting of thousands of cheap commodity machines. Yet, the vast majority of users analyze relatively small datasets of up to several terabytes in size, perform primarily compute-intensive operations, and operate clusters ranging from only a few to a few dozen nodes. Targeting these users fundamentally changes the way we should build analytics systems. This paper describes our vision for the design of TUPLEWARE, a new system specifically aimed at complex analytics on small clusters. TUPLEWARE’s architecture brings together ideas from the database and compiler communities to create a powerful end-to-end solution for data analysis that compiles workflows of user-defined functions into distributed programs. Our preliminary results show performance improvements of up to three orders of magnitude over alternative systems.
Learning using anti-training with sacrificial data

Traditionally the machine-learning community has viewed the No Free Lunch (NFL) theorems for search and optimization as a limitation. We review, analyze, and unify the NFL theorem with the perspectives of "blind" search and meta-learning to arrive at necessary conditions for improving black-box optimization. We survey meta-learning literature to determine when and how meta-learning can benefit machine learning. Then, we generalize meta-learning in the context of the NFL theorems, to arrive at a novel technique called anti-training with sacrificial data (ATSD). Our technique applies at the meta level to arrive at domain specific algorithms. We also show how to generate sacrificial data. An extensive case study is presented along with simulated annealing results to demonstrate the efficacy of the ATSD method.