cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biological Activities of 4-Chloroindole-3-acetic Acid and Its Esters

4-Chloroindole-3-acetic acid (4-Cl-IAA) and its esters were synthesized from 2-chloro-6-nitrotoluene as the starting material. The biological activities of 4-CI-IAA and its esters were determined by four bioassays. Except for the tert-butyl ester, 4-Cl-IAA and its esters had stronger elongation activity toward Avena coleoptiles than had indole-3-acetic acid. The biological activities of the methyl, ethyl and allyl esters were as strong as the activity of the free acid. All the esters, except for the tert-butyl, inhibited Chinese cabbage hypocotyl growth more than the free acid did, and all the esters induced severe swelling and formation of numerous lateral roots in black gram seedlings even at a low concentration. Furthermore, adventitious root formation was strongly promoted in Serissa japonica cuttings by all the esters. The root formation-promoting activities of the ethyl and allyl esters were about three times the value for indole-3-butyric acid which is used to promote and accelerate root formation in plant cuttings.
Constraining the Mechanism of OH + NO2 Using Isotopically Labeled Reactants: Experimental Evidence for HOONO Formation†

The reaction of OH with NO2 is central to atmospheric chemistry, and its dynamics can be constrained by studying the kinetics of isotopically labeled 18OH with NO2. This labeling opens an isotopic ...
Analysis of Spent SuperLig® 644 Resin used for Cesium Removal from Hanford Tank Wastes

Abstract The U.S. Department of Energy is tasked with the disposition of alkaline, high‐level radioactive wastes stored in underground tanks at the Hanford Site. The radioactivity of the liquid waste fraction is dominated by the 137Cs and 90Sr fission products. The waste is to be vitrified following specific pretreatment processing, separating it into a relatively small‐volume high‐activity waste fraction (cesium‐rich), and a large‐volume low‐activity waste fraction (cesium‐depleted) at the River Protection Project‐Waste Treatment Plant. The baseline pretreatment flowsheet includes cesium removal using ion exchange technology with SuperLig® 644. After several process cycles, SuperLig® 644 is intended to be disposed of at a radiological waste burial site. Although SuperLig® 644 has been extensively studied with respect to cesium load and elution properties, relatively little is known about the relevant waste characteristics of the spent resin. Small‐column testing was recently conducted through eight proce...
Prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in women with chronic urinary symptoms

Urology. 2009; 74: 62-6Objectives: To assess the prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in women experi-encing chronic urinary symptoms. Methods: Urine, vaginal, and urethral samples obtained from 153 women presenting with chronic voiding symptoms were tested for the presence of pathogens including U. urealyticum and M. hominis. Patients with positive cultures for Mycoplasma were treated with a single dose of 1 g azithromycin and followed up 1 month after therapy. Patients with persistent infection received 100 mg doxycycline orally, twice daily for 7 days, ac-cording to the results of the susceptibility test. The patients were asked to rate the severity of their symptoms at their initial visit and after treatment. Results: U. urealyticum was detected from > or =1 site in 81 women (52.9%), and M. hominis was detected in 5 patients (3.3%), always in association with U. urealyticum. At follow-up, 77 patients (95.1%) initially posi-tive for Mycoplasma had negative cultures; the cultures of 4 (4.9%) remained positive for U. urealyticum and became negative after the second therapeutic regimen. A significant improvement in all symptoms was observed in women with positive cultures for Mycoplasma after therapy. Conclusions: A high prevalence of U. urealyticum was observed in women with unexplained chronic voiding symptoms. Testing for the presence of U. urealyticum and M. hominis in the urogenital tract could prove valu-able for the management of a significant percentage of chronic urinary symptoms in women through appropriate treatment.
Reconsidering Charity: Some Possible Negative Effects of Evaluation Research

This article argues that concepts useful in examining for-profit organizations are frequently misapplied in evaluating human service organizations. The assumption of most program evaluators that hu...
MORPHOLOGIC AND TAXONOMIC OBSERVATIONS ON NEOAGARDHIELLA (GIGARTINALES, RHODOPHYTA), WITH EMPHASIS ON PACIFIC POPULATIONS1,2

Agardhiella coulteri (Harvey) Setchell (Solieriaceae) from the Pacific coast of North America is presently included in the circumscription of Neoagardhiella baileyi (Kutzing) Wynne & Taylor from the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico. Examination of fresh, liquid-preserved and dried Pacific material has shown a different medullary and cystocarpic structure from specimens in eastern North America. The Pacific specimens are being removed from N. baileyi to N. gaudichaudii comb. nov., based on Gigartina gaudichaudii Montagne, the oldest available name for the Pacific material. Included in N. gaudichaudii is Agardhiella mexicana Dawson from the Gulf of California (Mexico), and South American specimens formerly included in A. tenera (J. Agardh) Schmitz.
Graduated driver licensing: review of evaluation results since 2002

Abstract Unintentional injury from motor-vehicle crashes is the number one cause of death among teenagers in the United States. Increasingly, jurisdictions have adopted three-stage graduated driver licensing (GDL) systems for young novice drivers. Since a previous review of U.S. GDL evaluation results, many more U.S. states and Canadian provinces have implemented GDL and/or had enough time pass that additional evaluation results are now available. Twenty-one studies of GDL within 14 individual jurisdictions, and six studies of GDL in the U.S. nationwide, were collected, reviewed, and summarized. Positive results (usually crash reductions) of varying degrees were reported from nearly all the studies. Given differences in approaches, study goals, methods, and analyses, the results are surprisingly consistent. Overall, GDL programs have reduced the youngest drivers' crash risk by roughly 20 to 40%. Research on teen driving and comprehensive GDL enhancements could further reduce teen drivers' motor-vehicle crashes, injuries, and fatalities. Impact on Industry Policy-makers, as well as the motor vehicle, insurance, and other industries have been involved in teen driving safety and could enhance and coordinate their roles.
Creating and Managing Brand EX periences on the Internet

IF A WEB SITE is well designed, it can be a powerful dimension of the corporate brand. Bernd Schmitt analyzes the issues that contribute to an effective digital strategy. Among his key points: Sites must target the priorities of specific customer segments; they must engage users in both active and interactive experiences; they must be integrated with other brand elements; and they must be supported with quality service. As for the future, Schmitt sees digital brands composed of an increasingly accessible and rich array of sensory experiences.
Effective Low Dose Tricyclic Antidepressant Treatment for Depressed Geriatric Rehabilitation Patients: A Double‐Blind Study

The efficacy of low doses (10 to 20 mg daily) of doxepin in the treatment of depressive disorders in elderly inpatients was assessed by a double-blind study in 24 patients. The patients were treated for a three-week period to test for an early response. The Hamilton Depression Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale were used to quantify symptoms of depression. The patients treated with doxepin had a significantly greater reduction in depressive symptoms than did those who received a placebo. No side effects were found and there were no major differences in the degree of physical dependency between the doxepin and placebo groups. A depressive disorder is a common occurrence among elderly inpatients and the effectiveness of low dose doxepin therapy without demonstrable side effects argues for the active treatment for this condition. J Am Geriatr Soc 34:421–426, 1986
Adolescent obesity and life satisfaction: perceptions of self, peers, family, and school.

This study contributes to research on adolescent life satisfaction by considering its association with body weight, as mediated by perceptions of self, peers, family, and school. Data from the Health Behaviors in School-Age Children Survey (2001–2002) and OLS regression techniques are used to examine the association between body weight and life satisfaction. We also model these relationships by gender. Results indicate lower life satisfaction among adolescents that are overweight and obese relative to healthy weight youth, and that most of the negative association operates through perceptions of self, peers, parents, and school. We find little or no gender difference in the association between body weight and perceptions of self, peers, parents, and school; however, we find perceptions of body weight are generally more strongly associated with low life satisfaction among girls compared to boys.
Distinct structural determinants of efficacy and sensitivity in the ligand-binding domain of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels.

Abstract Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels open in response to direct binding of cyclic nucleotide messengers. Every subunit in a tetrameric CNG channel contains a cytoplasmic ligand-binding domain (BD) that includes a β-roll (flanked by short helices) and a single C-terminal helix called the C-helix that was previously found to control efficacy (maximal open probability) and selectivity for cGMP versus cAMP. We constructed a series of chimeric CNG channel subunits, each containing a distinct BD sequence (chosen from among six phylogenetically divergent isoforms) fused to an invariant non-BD sequence. We assayed these “BD substitution” chimeras as homomeric CNG channels in Xenopus oo-cytes to compare their functions and found that the most efficient activation by both cAMP and cGMP derived from the BD of the catfish CNGA4 olfactory modulatory subunit (fCNGA4). We then tested the effects of replacing subregions of the bovine CNGA1 BD with corresponding fCNGA4 sequence and hence identified parts of the fCNGA4 BD producing efficient activation. For instance, replacing either the “hinge” that connects the roll and C-helix subdomains or the BD sequence N-terminal to the hinge greatly enhanced cAMP efficacy. Replacing the “loop-β8” region (the C-terminal end of the β-roll) improved agonist sensitivity for cGMP selectively over cAMP. Our results thus identify multiple BD elements outside the C-helix that control selective ligand interaction and channel gating steps by distinct mechanisms. This suggests that the purine ring of the cyclic nucleotide may interact with both the β-roll and the C-helix at different points in the mechanism.
Channel relationship factors in cross-cultural contexts: Antecedents of satisfaction in a retail setting

Recent meta-analyses of the channels relationship literature show gaps in the research. The current study seeks to fill several of those gaps by examining the effect of cultural characteristics on relational constructs in retail buyer-supplier settings in the U.S. and Japan. The study also investigates the under-researched construct of conflict, and the role conflict plays in mediating relationship satisfaction. Results of the analysis of structural equation models indicate that for the antecedents of conflict, little differences exist between cultures. However, differences in how those antecedents affect conflict and conflict's role as a mediator are elucidated.
Thermodynamic modeling of the binary barium-oxygen system

The phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of the binary Ba–O system were analyzed. The Gibbs energy functions of individual phases were modeled, and the model parameters were obtained by means of the CALculation of PHAse Diagram (CALPHAD) technique, based on available experimental data in the literature. The liquid phase was described with a two-sublattice ionic model. For the non-stoichiometric BaO and BaO2 phases, a two-sublattice ionic model was applied, and two sets of Gibbs energy functions were obtained by treating them either as separate phases or as a common solution phase with a miscibility gap. The ionic sublattice models used in the present work provide an approach to better describe the physical behavior of the Ba–O binary system such as defect chemistry and doping effects, which will be studied in multicomponent systems.
LSH banding for large-scale retrieval with memory and recall constraints

Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) is widely used for efficient retrieval of candidate matches in very large audio, video, and image systems. However, extremely large reference databases necessitate a guaranteed limit on the memory used by the table lookup itself, no matter how the entries crowd different parts of the signature space, a guarantee that LSH does not give. In this paper, we provide such guaranteed limits, primarily through the design of the LSH bands. When combined with data-adaptive bin splitting (needed on only 0.04% of the occupied bins) this approach provides the required guarantee on memory usage. At the same time, it avoids the reduced recall that more extensive use of bin splitting would give.
Rituximab for IgG4-related disease: a prospective, open-label trial

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of rituximab (RTX) in IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) in an open-label pilot trial. Methods We treated 30 IgG4-RD patients with two doses of RTX (1000 mg each). The participants were either treated with RTX alone (n = 26; 87%) or required to discontinue baseline glucocorticoids (GC) within 2 months (n = 4; 13%). Disease activity was measured by the IgG4-RD Responder Index (IgG4-RD RI) and physician's global assessment (PGA). Disease response was defined as the improvement of the IgG4-RD RI by two points. The primary outcome, measured at 6 months, was defined as: (1) decline of the IgG4-RD RI ≥2 points compared with baseline; (2) no disease flares before month 6; and (3) no GC use between months 2 and 6. Complete remission was defined as an IgG4-RD RI score of 0 with no GC use. Results Disease responses occurred in 97% of participants. The baseline IgG4-RD RI and PGA values, 11±7 and 63±22 mm, respectively, declined to 1±2 and 11±16 mm at 6 months (both p Conclusions RTX appears to be an effective treatment for IgG4-RD, even without concomitant GC therapy. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01584388.
Exhaustion theory of creep in metals at low temperatures

Abstract The theory of creep in metals at temperatures sufficiently low that dislocation climb is negligible has been examined for the case that strain is controlled by a set of exhaustible glide dislocation sources. The theory of Nabarro has been examined in detail for the rate limiting mechanism being the intersection of dislocations. The dependence of strain rate on stress, temperature, and the nature of the dislocation distribution at constant temperature and stress and following abrupt changes in stress and temperature has been derived. Expressions are presented which relate the strain rate to flow stress and parameters characterizing the dislocation distribution, and results are compared with experimental data for several close-packed metals.
El significado de la pobreza: cuestiones de distribución y poder

La ‘pobreza’ es una palabra utilizada en muchos sentidos diferentes. El problema es que se trata de un concepto usado para definir una gran parte de la politica economica, y, en tanto politica economica tiene –o no tiene– impactos reales sobre la vida de las personas. De ahi que entender el significado de la pobreza sea una tarea importante.
Optimization of fed-batch parameters and harvest time of CHO cell cultures for a glycosylated product with multiple mechanisms of inactivation

Optimization of fed-batch feeding parameters was explored for a system with multiple mechanisms of product inactivation. In particular, two separate mechanisms of inactivation were identified for the recombinant tissue-type activator (r-tPA) protein. Dynamic inactivation models were written to describe particular r-tPA glycoform inactivation in the presence and absence of free-glucose. A glucose-independent inactivation mechanism was identified, and inactivation rate constants were found dependent upon the presence of glycosylation of r-tPA at N184. Inactivation rate constants of the glucose-dependent mechanism were not affected by glycosylation at N184. Fed-batch optimization was performed for r-tPA production by CHO cell culture in a stirred-tank reactor with glucose, glutamine and asparagine feed. Feeding profiles in which culture supernatant concentrations of free-glucose and amino acids (combined glutamine and asparagine) were used as control variables, were evaluated for a wide variety of set points. Simulation results for a controlled feeding strategy yielded an optimum at set points of 1.51 g L(-1) glucose and 1.18 g L(-1) of amino acids. Optimization was also performed in absence of metabolite control using fixed feed-flow rates initiate during the exponential growth phase. Fixed feed-flow results displayed a family of optimum solutions along a mass flow rate ratio of 3.15 of glucose to amino acids. Comparison of the two feeding strategies showed a slight advantage of rapid feeding at a fixed flow rate as opposed to metabolite control for a product with multiple mechanisms of inactivation.
Dose-Response Effects of Atropine and Hi-6 Treatment of Organophosphorus Poisoning in Guinea Pigs

HI-6 (1-2-hydroxyiminomethyl-1-pyridino-3-(4-carbamoyl-1-pyridino -2- oxapropane dichloride) has been evaluated as an oxime alternative to pralidoxime, and toxogonin in the treatment of organophosphorus (OP) poisoning. The dose response effects of atropine (ATR) and HI-6 were investigated to more fully explore the interaction of these compounds in the treatment of OP poisoning. ATR, HI-6 and various combinations of the two drugs were evaluated against lethal poisoning by soman (GD) and tabun (GA) in guinea pigs. The effect of adjunctive diazepam treatment on the efficacy of atropine and HI-6 against soman was also investigated. Animals of either sex were challenged s.c. with OP and treated i.m. 1 min later with ATR and/or HI-6. When used, diazepam was injected immediately after ATR+HI6. LD50s of each treatment were calculated from probit models based on 24-hour survival against 5 levels of nerve agent and 6 animals per challenge level. A protective index (PI) was calculated by dividing the nerve agent LD50 in the presence of treatment by the LD50 in the absence of treatment. Treatment with HI6 alone had little effect on the toxicity of either OP. Treatment with ATR alone was more effective than HI-6 alone and was significantly more effective against soman than against tabun. When used in combination atropine and HI-6 had a strong synergistic effect against both agents. The dose of atropine used with HI-6 was critical in determining the efficacy of HI-6 against either agent. The slopes of the dose-lethality curves were minimally affected by the dose of ATR or HI-6. Adjunctive treatment with diazepam enhanced the efficacy of HI-6 and atropine against soman. It is concluded that 1) ATR has a large effect on the efficacy of HI-6 against OP poisoning, 2) the dose of ATR must be carefully selected in studies investigating the efficacy of HI-6 against OP poisoning, 3) the effective dose of ATR in the guinea pig is approximately 16 mg/kg, and 4) diazepam is a useful adjunct to atropine and HI-6.
On “Ilial anterior rotation…” Vaughn HT, Nitsch W. Phys Ther. 2008;88:1578–1590.

I was pleased to find the article about sacroiliac joint dysfunction (SIJD) by Vaughn and Nitsch1 in the December 2008 issue of PTJ . Reading the paper gave me some thoughts on how evidence is being interpreted and used in the clinic. Current evidence suggests that the diagnosis of sacroiliac joint syndrome (SIJS) is difficult because of the paucity of tests with good measurement properties. Thus, I agree with Vaughn and Nitsch's statement that “there is a lack of sensitive and specific tests to diagnose SIJ [sacroiliac joint] pain, which is commonly referred to as ‘sacroiliac joint syndrome’ (SIJS).”1(p1579) However, a few paragraphs later the authors state, “Accurate diagnosis of the type of SIJD [sacroiliac dysfunction] is essential in determining the appropriate therapeutic intervention.”1(p1579) How do we interpret the apparent contradiction between not having the evidence and yet needing this evidence to …
A family of new algorithms for soft filling

Soft filling algorithms change the color of an anti-aliased region, maintaining the anti-aliasing of the region. The two published algorithms for soft filling work only if the foreground region is anti-aliased against a black background. This paper presents three new algorithms. The first fills against a region consisting of any two distinct colors, and is faster than the published algorithms on a pixel-by-pixel basis for an RGB frame buffer; the second fills against a region composed of three distinct colors; and the third fills against a region composed of four distinct colors. As the power of the algorithms increases, so do the number of assumptions they make, and the computational cost.
Artificial neural network control of a nonminimum phase, single-flexible-link

A single-link flexible manipulator with a rotary actuator at one end and a mass at the other is modeled using the Lagrangian method coupled with an assumed modes vibration model. A SIMO state space model is developed by linearizing the equations of motion and simplified by neglecting natural damping. Laplace domain pole-zero plots between torque input and tip position show nonminimum phase behavior. Nonminimum phase behavior causes difficulty for both conventional and artificial neural network (ANN) inverse-model control. The most promising ANN method for the control of flexible manipulators does not appear to converge to a solution when the system is lightly damped. To overcome this limitation, a modified cost function is proposed. Simulations show that the ANN is able to converge to a solution even in the case of no damping. The modified approach fails, however, for beams exceeding some critical length measure. Identification of the critical length and proposals for extending the result are discussed.
Optimal Solutions for the Closest-String Problem via Integer Programming

In this paper we study the closest-string problem (CSP), which can be defined as follows: Given a finite set = {s1, s2, ', sn} of strings, each string with length m, find a center string t of length m minimizing d, such that for every string si â , dH(t, si) â¤ d. By dH(t, si) we mean the Hamming distance between t and si. This is an NP-hard problem, with applications in molecular biology and coding theory. Even though there are good approximation algorithms for this problem, and exact algorithms for instances with d constant, there are no studies trying to solve it exactly for the general case. In this paper we propose three integer-programming (IP) formulations and a heuristic, which is used to provide upper bounds on the value of an optimal solution. We report computational results of a branch-and-bound algorithm based on one of the IP formulations, and of the heuristic, executed over randomly generated instances. These results show that it is possible to solve CSP instances of moderate size to optimality.
Detail-preserving impulse noise removal of images using modified dynamic programming

An algorithm that removes impulse noise in images using a modified dynamic programming method is outlined. The restoration process combines two operations. In the first operation, the pixels corrupted by impulse noise are detected by a dynamic programming based searching strategy. In the second operation, the original gray levels of the noisy pixels are estimated by a linear interpolation or extrapolation approach. A separable process is used to detect the noisy pixels of the images. In order to preserve the details of the images and reduce the computational complexity of conventional dynamic programming, two modifications have been developed. One is called neighborhood searching with an adaptive figure of merit and the other is called overlapping block processing. The actual performance of the proposed technique is compared with that of the commonly used median filter by filtering noise-corrupted images. Some computational considerations are also discussed. >
The Institutional Production of National Science in the 20th Century

Science and scientific production have been widely promoted as powerful tools for advancing national economic and social development. While much progress has been made in determining whether this i...
Systematics of Anadyomene species (Anadyomenaceae, Chlorophyta) in the tropical western Atlantic

Three new species of Anadyomene are described. Anadyomene lacerata has pinnately branched veins and a unique lacerated margin formed by elongated vein cells. Anadyomene linkiana consists of a perforate blade arising by polychotomous branching from a distinct stripe, and A. howei has an eperforate, delicate blade of polychotomously branched cells and a smooth margin of elongated vein cells. Distinguishing features of the five previously described species are clarified, and all eight taxa are illustrated. Observations in the field and from more than 400 herbarium specimens form the basis for a discussion of Indo-Pacific affinities, ecological adaptations, cell division, reproduction, and ordinal status. A phylogenetic analysis based on 17 equally weighted characters produced a cladistic gradation, indicating that Anadyomene is a monophyletic genus. The most basal species (A. saldanhae, A. linkiana, A. howei, A. menziesii) show only polychotomous branching. In contrast, the distal group (A. pavonina, A. stellata, A. rhizoidifera, A. lacerata) have pinnate interstitial cells along the veins in addition to polychotomous branching at the vein apices.
EDMOND HALLEY AS A THEMATIC GEO‐CARTOGRAPHER1

ABSTRACT Edmond Halley was one of the leading figures in the Scientific Revolution in England who probably would have enjoyed a greater reputation had he not lived at the same time as Sir Isaac Newton, of whose work Halley was the greatest promoter. In turn, Halley's prediction of the return of the comet which he observed in 1682, at seventy-five year intervals, was based on the planetary physics developed by Newton. It is with this prediction, almost alone, that Halley's name is today popularly associated, but he was a scientist of great versatility. Halley made original contributions to several branches of learning including cartography. Although it is always dangerous to claim primacy, he is credited with the development of the earliest meteorological chart and the first printed isoline maps. Halley also produced a tidal chart and a map of the shadow of an eclipse, all of which show him to be a cartographic innovator of first rank. This paper attempts to bring together scattered material on Halley's ca...
Investigation of In Situ Thermal Denaturation of Proteins in Dunning AT-1 Rat Prostate Cancer Cells Using FTIR and DSC

In this study, the in situ protein denaturation in Dunning AT-1 rat prostate cells was studied using FTIR and DSC. The denaturation information from FTIR showed a shift from α helix (amide-I band at 1655cm−1 ) to β sheet (amide I band at 1620 cm−1 ). The relative beta sheet area change between 20 °C and 70 °C was used to dynamically scale the thermal denaturation process during heating at 2 °C/min. DSC scans (at scanning rates of 2°C/min and 5°C/min) of the heat flow due to protein denaturation were recorded from 20 °C to 70 °C. The range over which protein denaturation occurs (from 45 °C to 70 °C) was consistent in both studies. By calorimetric experiments with DSC, the enthalpy change during protein denaturation was found to be 27.3±4.0J/g J/g and 25.9±0.5J/g, respectively. In addition, the activation energy and frequency factor were measured by kinetic experiments with both DSC and FTIR. A first order irreversible Arrhenius model was fit to the kinetic data using a flexible tolerance method. The activation energy (E) and frequency factor (A) between 20–70 °C was found to be 107.8kJ/mole and 3.4·1014 l/s for the FTIR study and 120.9kJ/mole and 3.6·1016 l/s for DSC analysis at a scanning rate of 2°C/min, respectively. At a scanning rate of 5°C/min, the DSC results gave an activation energy of 144.5kJ/mole and a frequency factor of 4.1·1020 l/s.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Processing and Patterning Techniques for Thin Films of YBa2Cu3O7

Superconducting thin films of YBa2Cu3O7 were prepared by co-evaporation of copper, yttrium, an barium fluoride onto single-crystal strontium titanate substrates. E-beam evaporation was used for the yttrium and copper, and thermal evaporation was used for the BaF2. The as-deposited films were converted to the superconducting oxides by a post-evaporation anneal in dry and wet oxygen. We discuss here the patterning and processing of the films into a current constriction device geometry.
Evaluating the Viability of Application-Driven Cooperative CPU/GPU Fault Detection

Trends in high performance computing are bringing increased heterogeneity among the computational resources within a single machine. The heterogeneous CPU/GPU platforms, however, exacerbate resilience problems faced by current large-scale systems. How to design efficient resilience strategies is critical for the wider adoption of heterogeneous platforms for future exascale systems. The conventional resilience strategy for GPU brings significant performance and power overhead, because they employ a one-size-fits-all approach to enforce uniform data protection. In addition, the isolation between CPU and GPU protection loses potential optimization opportunities provided by the heterogeneous CPU/GPU platforms. In this paper, we explore the viability of using an application-driven CPU/GPU cooperative method to detect faults occurred on GPU global memory. By selectively protecting application-critical data and leveraging time and space redundancy in CPU to detect faults, we bring only 2.2% performance overhead while capturing more than 90% errors that cause incorrect application results.
A stochastic graphene growth kinetics model

Summary Graphene is an emerging nanomaterial for a wide variety of novel applications. Controlled synthesis of high quality graphene sheets requires analytical understanding of graphene growth kinetics. Graphene growth via chemical vapour deposition starts with randomly nucleated islands that gradually develop into complex shapes, grow in size and eventually connect together to form a graphene sheet. Models proposed for this stochastic process do not, in general, permit assessment of uncertainty. We develop a stochastic framework for the growth process and propose Bayesian inferential models, which account for the data collection mechanism and allow for uncertainty analyses, for learning about the kinetics from experimental data. Furthermore, we link the growth kinetics with controllable experimental factors, thus providing a framework for statistical design and analysis of future experiments.
Use of a family member interview to teach the biopsychosocial model.

Abstract Educators have become sensitive to the problem of combining scientific expertise and humanistic skills in medical practice. In a new approach to teaching the biopsychosocial model, first-year medical students are required to interview a family member who underwent a major illness or injury during the student's lifetime, and then to prepare a life-stress report for that person. The interview and the report are completed in accordance with objectives outlined in a protocol. The assignment has made the students more aware of the full range of influences affecting illness and recovery, of desirable attributes of a physician from the patient's viewpoint, and of their own motivations for becoming a physician.
Lowest-Lying Conformers of Alanine: Pushing Theory to Ascertain Precise Energetics and Semiexperimental Re Structures.

The two lowest-energy gas-phase conformers, Ala-I and Ala-IIA, of the natural amino acid L-alanine (Ala) have been investigated by means of rigorous ab initio computations. Born-Oppenheimer (BO) equilibrium structures (re ) were fully optimized at the coupled-cluster (CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ) level of electronic structure theory. Corresponding semiexperimental (SE) equilibrium structures (re ) of each conformer were determined for the first time by least-squares refinement of 11-15 structural parameters on modified, experimental rotational constant data from 10 isotopologues. The SE equilibrium rotational constants were obtained by, first, refitting Fourier transform microwave spectra using the method of predicate observations and, second, correcting the resulting effective rotational constants with theoretical vibration-rotation interaction constants (Ri). Careful analysis is made of the procedures to account for vibrational distortion, which proves essential to defining precise structures in flexible molecules such as Ala. Because Ala possesses no symmetry, has several large-amplitude nuclear motions, and exhibits conformers with different hydrogen bonding patterns, it is one of the most difficult cases where reliable equilibrium structures have now been determined. The relative energy of the alanine conformers was pinpointed using first-principles composite focal point analyses (FPA), which employed extrapolations using basis sets as large as aug-cc-pV5Z and electron correlation treatments as extensive as CCSD(T). The FPA computations place the Ala-IIA equilibrium structure higher in energy than that of Ala-I by a mere 0.45 kJ mol -1 (38 cm -1 ), showing that the two lowest-lying conformers of alanine are nearly isoenergetic; inclusion of zero-point vibrational energy increases the relative energy to 2.11 kJ mol -1 (176 cm -1 ). The yet unobserved Ala-IIB conformer is found to be separated from Ala-IIA by a vibrationally adiabatic isomerization barrier of only 16 cm -1 .
Abstract 4305: Dissecting the requirements for astrocytoma and invasion using genetically-engineered mouse models

Astrocytomas are characterized by diffuse invasion, precluding their complete surgical resection. PTEN, a negative PI3 kinase (PI3K) pathway regulator, is altered in 40-80% of high-grade astrocytomas (HGA), including glioblastoma (GBM). However, its role in astrocytoma invasion remains unclear. Primary astrocytes from six genetically-engineered mouse (GEM) models, with conditional alleles that inactivate Rb (T) and/or Pten (P) and/or constitutively activate Kras (R, KrasG12D) upon Cre recombination, were used to analyze PI3K pathway signaling, proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro by immunoblot, cell counting, wound healing and time-lapse video microscopy, and collagen invasion, respectively. Gene expression microarrays were used to compare the transcriptomes of GEM astrocytes to human HGA. Tumorigenicity and survival were determined in vivo in orthotopic allograft models. Invasion was assessed by morphometric analysis. Pten ablation increased levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-S6. In cells with both Rb inactivation and Kras activation (TR), complete inactivation of Pten shortened doubling time (DT) by 42% (P Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4305. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4305
Role of lipid in hemagglutination by Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

SummaryThe erythrocyte sensitizing antigen in saline extracts from yeast and yeastlike organisms was inactivated by a number of procedures including exhaustive deproteinization wtih chloroform-n-butyl alcohol mixtures, Seitz filtration, albumin blocking and treatment with lipase. The erythrocyte sensitizing antigen from S. cerevisiae was found to be more heat-labile and more readily inactivated by lipase than the C. albicans antigen.
Chronic effects of monocrotaline pyrrole on hepatic mitosis and DNA synthesis.

SummaryMonocrotaline, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, and its metabolite, monocrotaline pyrrole, caused a significant suppression of DNA synthesis following partial hepatectomy in rats. Rats receiving mesenteric vein injections of monocrotaline pyrrole prior to partial hepatectomy showed a marked inhibition of liver cell division between 32 and 38 hr following surgery. Both the parent alkaloid and its pyrrole derivative induced megalohepatocytosis in rats 4 wk after their administration. The effect of the pyrrolic metabolite was considerably greater than that of the parent compound, supporting the contention that the consequences of pyrrolizidine alkaloid intoxication are due primarily to in vivo hepatic conversion of the alkaloid to its pyrrole derivative.
Stable isotopic signals and photosymbiosis in Late Paleocene planktic foraminifera

Late Paleocene planktic foraminifera exhibit strong positive correlations between carbon isotopic values and test mass, but negative correlations between oxygen isotopic values and test mass. Based on analogy with modern taxa, these trends are probably ecotypic and may or may not apply to an ontogenetic series. Among Acarinina and Morozovella species, the magnitude and direction of these trends resemble those of modern planktic foraminifera with dinoflagellate photosymbionts. This is consistent with current models of photosymbiosis and calcification in planktic foraminifera and suggests that Acarinina and Morozovella relied heavily on photosymbionts for nutrition.Acarinina and Morozovella species resemble modern, strongly photosymbiotic taxa in their association with low and mid latitude nearsurface water masses. However, their test morphologies differ greatly from those of extant taxa that bear obligate photosymbionts. Earliest Paleocene taxa that exhibit a similar paleohabitat association and similar size-related isotopic trends are characterized by still different test morphologies. These comparisons suggest that (1) throughout geologic time, strong reliance on photosymbiont activity has been closely linked to habitat, but not to test morphology; (2) photosymbiosis has been a common and convergently evolved strategy of planktic foraminifera over geologic time, and (3) modern relationships between planktic foraminiferal test morphology and photosymbiont dependence are largely an artifact of geologically recent phylogenetic relationships and shared ecologic strategies.Intersite comparison suggests that the stable isotopic signals of narrowly constrained size fractions of a late Paleocene Acarinina or Morozovella species can be used to reconstruct the magnitude and direction of relative variation in equilibrium stable isotopic values throughout its geographic and temporal range. This is supported by analogy with extant photosymbiotic taxa. However, since photosynthetic depletion of 12C leaves 13C-enriched HCO3-for calcification, the carbon isotopic values of Acarinina and Morozovella tests may have been consistently greater than paleoseawater values. Failure to account for this effect could lead to overestimation of late Paleocene marine productivity.
Analysis on the Causes of Death and YPLL in Urban Dalian during 2002-2010

[Objective]To understand the death rate,main causes of death and the years of potential life lost(YPLL) among residents in urban Dalian,and provide scientific basis for developing prevention and control measures. [Methods]YPLL index was applied to analyze the data during 2002-2010. [Results]During 2002-2010,the number of the death was 123 667.The death rate was 635.33/105,and the standardized death rate was 399.83/105.The death rate ratio of males to females was 1.30∶1(χ2=2 108.50,P=0.00).The first 5 death causes were as follows: circulatory system diseases,tumor,respiratory diseases,injuries and poisonings,endocrinopathy.The top 5 causes of YPLL were as follows: tumor,circulatory system diseases,injuries,congenital malformations,digestive system diseases.The top 5 causes of average years of life lost(AYLL) were as follows: perinatal diseases,congenital malformations,pregnancy and delivery,injuries and poisonings,muscle connective tissue disease. [Conclusion]Heart disease and tumors are the major causes of death in Dalian.Health education should be enhanced to decrease the death rate and the burden of disease.
The Conception of Building the Real Estate Management Information Network of Jianghan Oilfield

The reform of housing system and the starting of the real estate trade market urgently need establish a set of effective computer information network management system that can meet the needs of housing reform, the real estate management and the real estate trade. This system has such functions as: inquiring about housing information , carrying out the property right trade , offering related legal consulting service about real estate. And it can offer excellent service with standard management and fast speed.
Contributions of Two-Component Regulatory Systems, Alternative σ Factors, and Negative Regulators to Listeria monocytogenes Cold Adaptation and Cold Growth

The ability of Listeria monocytogenes to grow at refrigeration temperatures is critical for transmission of this foodborne pathogen. We evaluated the contributions of different transcriptional regulators and two-component regulatory systems to L. monocytogenes cold adaptation and cold growth. L. monocytogenes parent strain 10403S and selected isogenic null mutants in genes encoding four alternative sigma factors (sigB, sigH, sigC, and sigL), two regulators of sigmaB (rsbT and rsbV), two negative regulators (ctsR and hrcA), and 15 two-component response regulators were grown in brain heart infusion broth at 4 degrees C with (i) a high-concentration starting inoculum (10(8) CFU/ml), (ii) a low-concentration starting inoculum (102 CFU/ml), and (iii) a high-concentration starting inoculum of cold-adapted cells. With a starting inoculum of 10(8) CFU/ml, null mutants in genes encoding selected alternative sigma factors (DeltasigH, DeltasigC, and DeltasigL), a negative regulator (DeltactsR), regulators of sigmaB (DeltarsbT and DeltarsbV), and selected two-component response regulators (DeltalisR, Deltalmo1172, and Deltalmo1060) had significantly reduced growth (P < 0.05) compared with the parent strain after 12 days at 4 degrees C. The growth defect for DeltasigL was limited and was not confirmed by optical density (OD600) measurement data. With a starting inoculum of 102 CFU/ml and after monitoring growth at 4 degrees C over 84 days, only the DeltactsR strain had a consistent but limited growth defect; the other mutant strains had either no growth defects or limited growth defects apparent at only one or two of the nine sampling points evaluated during the 84-day growth period (DeltasigB, DeltasigC, and Deltalmo1172). With a 10(8) CFU/ml starting inoculum of cold-adapted cells, none of the mutant strains that had a growth defect when inoculation was performed with cells pregrown at 37 degrees C had reduced growth as compared with the parent strain after 12 days at 4 degrees C, suggesting a specific defect in the ability of these mutant strains to adapt to 4 degrees C after growth at 37 degrees C. Our data indicate (i) selected sigma factors and two-component regulators may contribute to cold adaptation even though two-component regulatory systems, alternative sigma factors, and the negative regulators CtsR and HrcA appear to have limited contributions to L. monocytogenes growth at 4 degrees C in rich media, and (ii) inoculum concentration and pregrowth conditions affect the L. monocytogenes cold-growth phenotype.
Psychosocial considerations in interface surgery

Interface surgery, as a set of procedures, involves hard rather than soft tissue. This distinction does not alter the broad psychosocial issues of appearance change, although the complexity and novelty of the surgery may influence specific findings. In this article, interface surgery is considered from a psychosocial perspective, drawing from cosmetic surgery research and direct experience with interface surgery patients.
Empathy Blues at the Colonial Difference: Underrepresented Undergraduate Women in STEM

At a recent interdisciplinary symposium on empathy,1 I was troubled by the ostensibly uncomplicated view that it is a natural, easily attained state. Neuroscientists from across the United States discussed the neural substrates of human empathy, perspective-taking, and mechanisms of neural resonance and “mirroring” that seem to indicate our ability to “feel with” others; artists as well as professors from social work and the humanities discussed various approaches to empathy in their pedagogy and research. All the while in my mind’s eye, I saw two young women who had recently shared distressing interactions with me. After a meeting in which she told her advisor that for graduate school she would like to move from her science major to its practical applications in engineering, Esma2 came to my office and sadly announced the unexpected response: “She laughed at me.” When Jill discussed her plans to apply to doctoral programs, a well-intentioned professor with a reputation as a brilliant but tough teacher emphasized how difficult this path would be. Her interpretation? “He intimidates me. I don’t think he has confidence in me.” Esma and Jill were both shaken and began to doubt their abilities. Had their advisors experienced a failure of empathy? They had apparently not been able to connect and “feel with” their students. I began to ponder: to what degree is empathy possible? If it is possible, is it a desirable mode of relation? And what bearing might empathy have on the experiences of women — particularly women of color — in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields?
Comparison of the μ+- and μ--Decay spectra in Copper

The momentum spectrum of electrons from the decay of muons brought to rest in copper has been measured using an Elbek-type magnetic spectrometer with scintillation counters on the focal plane. For comparison, the spectrum from positive muons was also measured. Good agreement is obtained between the spectrum from unbound muons (μ+) and theoretical predictions. The experimental bound-muon-decay spectrum shows less satisfactory agreement, the data favoring a faster fall-off with momentum at the upper end of the spectrum than is theoretically predicted.