cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
"War on drugs" continues in United States under new leadership.

Criticism of the "war on drugs" pursued under Republican administrations has grown in the United States. With the election of Bill Clinton many experts expected a shift from law enforcement policies to an approach favouring treatment and prevention. The budget announced in April, however, revealed no such shift in allocation of resources. Although the war on drugs has apparently failed to reduce the supply of cheap heroin and cocaine to the United States, the prevention strategy favoured by its opponents--school based prevention programmes--has not yet been shown to be effective in dealing with the concentration of drug misuse among the socially disadvantaged. In looking for new strategies Clinton must satisfy both liberals and conservatives in Congress, and community policing might therefore prove to be a politically expedient option.
Simultaneous Tracking of Multiple Ground Targets from a Multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

An algorithm for simultaneous tracking of multiple ground targets by an unmanned aerial vehicle is presented. The algorithm is specifically tailored toward multirotor vehicles, and it consists of a particle filter to predict target motion, a reference trajectory generator, and a finite-horizon model predictive controller for trajectory tracking. Two versions of the algorithm are proposed: for a vehicle equipped with a gimbaled camera, and for a vehicle equipped with a fixed camera. Furthermore, a target rejection algorithm is included to prune targets that inhibit accurate tracking of the majority of the target set. The tracking algorithm and multirotor vehicle dynamic model are first described, followed by example simulations for both the gimbaled and fixed-camera cases. Trade studies are presented, analyzing the effects of controller tuning parameters and camera field of view, as well as performance of the target rejection algorithm. In simulation experiments, real-world target data are used to improve ...
Developing a Model of the Benefits and Burdens of Research Participation in Cancer Clinical Trials.

Background: Recruiting and retaining human participants in cancer clinical trials is challenging for many investigators. Although we expect participants to identify and weigh the benefits and burdens of research participation for themselves, it is not clear what burdens adult cancer participants perceive in relation to benefits. We identify key attributes and develop an initial conceptual framework of benefit and burden based on interviews with individuals enrolled in cancer clinical research. Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 32 patients enrolled in cancer clinical trials at a large northeastern cancer center. Krueger's guidelines for qualitative methodology were followed. Results: Respondents reported a range of benefits and burdens associated with research participation. Benefits such as access to needed medications that subjects otherwise might not be able to afford, early detection and monitoring of the disease, potential for remission or cure, and the abili...
Chloroplastic Glyceride Isoform of Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate Reductase from Dunaliella tertiolecta: Purification and Characterization

The chloroplastic glyceride isoform of dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase (Gly-DHAPR) in the photosynthetic unicellular green algae, Dunaliella, plays key role in the synthesis of glycerol-P and glycerides. A four-step procedure has been developed to purify the Gly-DHAPR from the chloroplasts of Dunaliella tertiolecta. The enzyme was purified 462-fold to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity by precipitation of Rubisco by polyethylene glycol-4000, and successive chromatography on DEAE cellulose, Sephacryl S-200, and Red Agarose. The overall yield of the purified enzyme was 5.1% with a specific activity of 425 μmol. min−1. mg−1 protein, and a subunit molecular mass of 37 kD. The Gly-DHAPR had little preference for NADH or NADPH, but was highly specific for DHAP. The purified enzyme was slightly stimulated by 50 mM NaCl, KCl or by 25 mM MgCl2. Detergents, lipids, fatty acids, or long-chain acyl-CoA derivatives inhibited the Gly-DHAPR. The Gly-DHAPR differs in properties from the other chloroplastic osmoregulatory isoform of DHAP reductase from Dunaliella, but has significant similarities with the glyceride isoforms from higher plants for glycerol-P and triglyceride synthesis.
Cytomegalovirus M45 Cell Death Suppression Requires Receptor-interacting Protein (RIP) Homotypic Interaction Motif (RHIM)-dependent Interaction with RIP1

Herpesviruses such as cytomegaloviruses encode functions that modulate the innate response in diverse ways to counteract host sensing and delay host clearance during infection. The murine cytomegalovirus M45 protein interacts with receptor-interacting protein (RIP) 1 and RIP3 via a RIP homotypic interaction motif. Cell death suppression by M45 requires RIP homotypic interaction motif-dependent interaction with RIP1. This interaction also underlies the cell tropism role of M45 in preventing premature death of endothelial cells during murine cytomegalovirus infection. Thus, M45 is a viral inhibitor of RIP activation that provides a direct cell type-dependent replication benefit to the virus while modulating other biological processes signaling via the RIP1 adaptor such as activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 as well as other mediators of cell death.
Quantitative Infrared Spectroscopy in the Undergraduate Laboratory Via Multivariate Mixture Analysis of a Simulated Analgesic

ABSTRACT Infrared spectroscopy has been utilized for nearly a century as a qualitative tool for, at least, partial structure elucidation. More recently, infrared spectroscopy has become a powerful, reliable quantitative analysis tool in industrial chemistry applications, especially in the areas of quality control. Unfortunately, this newer aspect of infrared spectroscopy is often not conveyed during the undergraduate chemical education experiences. We describe an undergraduate laboratory experiment that illustrates the application of infrared spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis in the concentration determination of a three-component solid state mixture.
LODVIEW: a computer program for the graphical evaluation of lod score results in exclusion mapping of human disease genes

For linkage analysis projects aimed at mapping hereditary disease genes in humans, hundreds of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers which can be typed by PCR (PCR markers) have become available. With this technical improvement, the availability of a technique allowing for transparency in the handling of rapidly generated lod score data is becoming important. We present computer program LODVIEW for the graphical representation of lod score data. It is designed for the input of lod score data generated with the LINKAGE package or similar programs, LODVIEW consists of 24 preformatted files, one for each chromosome. Each file contains a table for the input of lod score data and a file for the graphical representation of the data, which will show automatically any entry that is made in the respective input table. The program provides the user with published PCR marker information pre-entered into a table and graph at the correct positions corresponding to the genetic distances between markers. The graphical display of LODVIEW allows for the rapid evaluation of lod score results calculated from PCR markers on each chromosome. The following information can be obtained from the graphical display at one glance: (i) Regions of exclusion (Z(θ) < - 2) and nonexclusion, (ii) markers with positive lod scores, (iii) the distribution of positive and negative lod scores among the families examined (indication of genetic heterogeneity), (iv) multipoint lod scores, and (v) the availability of PCR markers in regions of interest. The program is continually updated for novel PCR marker information from the literature. The program will help to efficiently monitor and direct the progress of exclusion mapping projects.
Disgust and fear in response to spiders

We examined disgust and fear responses to spiders in spider-distressed and nondistressed individuals. Undergraduate participants (N = 134) completed questionnaires concerning responses to spiders and other potentially aversive stimuli, as well as measures of disgust sensitivity, anxious arousal, worry, and anhedonic depression. In addition, we obtained self-report and facial expressions of disgust and fear while participants were exposed to a live tarantula. Both spider distressed and nondistressed individuals reported disgust and exhibited disgust facial expressions in response to a tarantula. Disgust in response to spiders was not found to be part of a general disgust response to all negative stimuli, nor was it due to a general negative emotional response to spiders. Emotional responses to spiders were differentially associated with scores on personality and psychological functioning measures. The results of this study provide evidence that spiders have a specific disgust-evoking status in both distres...
Growth and Characterization of Epitaxial Thin Heterostructures of Ferromagnetic/Antiferromagnetic SrRuO3/Sr2YRuO6

We have grown epitaxial thin films of antiferromagnetic ruthenate Sr 2 YRuO 6 on miscut (001) SrTiO 3 by 90° off-axis sputtering. Sr 2 YRuO 6 is a unique material that allows us to grow epitaxial ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic heterostructures. Antiferromagnetic Sr 2 YRuO 6 has the same pseudo-cubic perovskite crystal structure as the ferromagnetic conductive oxide SrRuO 3 . The Sr 2 YRuO 6 perovskite crystal structure has Y and pentavalent Ru located on the octahedral sites and the pseudo-cubic lattice parameter of 4.08A. The Neel temperature of bulk Sr 2 YRuO 6 is known to be 26K. Four-circle X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the Sr 2 YRuO 6 films are purely (110) normal to the substrate with two 90° domains in the plane. We have also grown epitaxial heterostructures of SrRuO 3 /Sr 2 YRuO 6 . These bilayers permit detailed studies of the magnetic exchange bias phenomena at these interfaces, including the role of uncompensated spins thought to arise from interface roughness. Magnetization measurements on the SrRuO 3 /Sr 2 YRuO 6 heterostructures show a shifting of the hysteresis loop, indicating exchange bias. Such exchange-biased interfaces are important for electrode pinning in magnetic tunnel junctions.
Inter- and intragranular stresses in cyclically-deformed 316 stainless steel

Abstract Neutron diffraction was used to study residual stresses in cyclically-deformed 316 LN stainless steel. The tension–compression high-cycle fatigue tests were conducted in air with a frequency of 0.2 Hz. Large intergranular stresses were found to develop in the stainless steel as a result of elastic and plastic anisotropy. These intergranular stresses started to decrease when micro-cracks were initiated at the surface and vanished when the sample reached failure. Cyclic loading also led to the development of intragranular stresses, as evidenced by the broadening of the diffraction peaks. Analysis of the orientation dependence of the measured peak widths indicates that the immobile dislocations generated by fatigue deformation are mostly edge rather than screw type.
Effects of Constraints on van Genuchten Parameters for Modeling Soil-Water Characteristic Curves

AbstractWater-retention data for a suite of predominantly sandy soils were analyzed to quantify the effects of two constraints commonly applied to the three-parameter model for the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC). Systematic effects were observed. Constraining either the symmetry parameter (m) to m=1−1/n or residual saturation (Sr) to zero resulted in values for the air-entry parameter α that were approximately 25–30% different than if no constraints were applied. The m=1−1/n constraint forced the pore-size distribution parameter n to fall within a narrow range (∼1.5<n<∼4.0), whereas n values using independent m and n were more variable and could be as large as 35. The m=1−1/n constraint produced best-fit residual saturation values that were approximately 0.02 higher than without the constraint. These differences are significant and should be considered when adopting existing or new pedotransfer functions for estimating water-retention behavior of unsaturated soils from more easily measured properties.
Analysis of abrupt and linearly-graded HBTs with or without a setback layer

Analytical current equations for abrupt and linearly-graded heterojunctions with or without a setback layer have been derived. The equations are general and applicable to both abrupt and linearly-graded heterojunction bipolar transistors. Collector and base currents and small-signal parameters such as transconductance and cutoff frequency of the abrupt and linearly-graded heterojunction bipolar transistors with or without a setback layer are evaluated. Comparisons between the isothermal model, the numerical model, and the present model including self-heating effect are demonstrated.
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Exposure Causes Gonadal Atrophy and Oxidative Stress in Corbicula fluminea Clams

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are widespread environmental contaminants that have been linked to oxidative and other toxic effects in both humans and wildlife. Due to recent environmental health...
Stochastic computation based on orthogonal expansion of random fields

Abstract In solving stochastic differential equations, recently a random variable based Polynomial Chaos (rv-PC) method has been developed as a major numerical solver. For many realistic random media problems the rv-PC method however confronts a critical challenge of curse-of-dimensionality. Since a random field is represented by random variables, the use of various optimal sampling techniques and conventional high dimensional methods still faces the curse-of-dimensionality. Distinguished from all the random variable based methods, in this study a novel Random Field based Orthogonal Expansion (RF-OE) method is proposed in aim to circumvent the curse-of-dimensionality for many physical systems whereas the input information is represented as random fields or stochastic processes, e.g. seismic/ocean wave, wind load, shock wave, and geophysical media. Multiscale modeling of random media problems is selected as the benchmark problem to test the RF-OE method. Especially, the RF-OE method provides a perfect matching with the higher-order Mehler’s formula. By replacing high dimensional random variable representations with a series of orthogonal expansion terms about an underlying random field/process, the RF-OE method reduces the number of dimensions of a stochastic differential equation exponentially. In the first example the RF-OE method is verified with Monte Carlo simulation on a lognormal random media flow transport problem. In the second example the RF-OE method is applied to a time domain problem involving orthogonal expansion of random excitations. In the conclusion the items for further development of the RF-OE method are identified.
Results of a Pilot Intervention Trial to Improve Antiretroviral Adherence Among HIV-Positive Patients

A small pilot trial of a multicomponent (behavioral strategies, simplified patient information, and social support) and multidisciplinary (cognitive-behavioral therapy and nursing) medication adherence intervention was conducted for HIV-infected adults prescribed antiretrovirals. Patients ( N = 33) were randomly assigned to the intervention condition or standard care. Compared to the control group, patients in the intervention condition had significantly higher self-efficacy to communicate with clinic staff ( p = .04) and to continue treatment ( p = .04), were significantly more likely to be using behavioral and cognitive strategies ( p = .01 and p = .04), reported significantly higher life satisfaction ( p =.03), reported significantly increased feelings of social support ( p = .04), and showed a trend toward an increase in taking their medications on schedule ( p = .06). The intervention, however, did not appear to affect health-related anxiety or to significantly improve adherence to dose. Implications for future intervention planning are discussed.
Stability and Safety of an AAV Vector for Treating RPGR-ORF15 X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa

Our collaborative successful gene replacement therapy using AAV vectors expressing a variant of human RPGR-ORF15 in two canine models provided therapeutic proof of concept for translation into human treatment. The ORF15 sequence contained within this AAV vector, however, has ORF15 DNA sequence variations compared to the published sequence that are likely due to its unusual composition of repetitive purine nucleotides. This mutability is a concern for AAV vector production and safety when contemplating a human trial. In this study, we establish the safety profile of AAV-hIRBP-hRPGR and AAV-hGRK1-hRPGR vectors used in the initial canine proof-of-principle experiments by demonstrating hRPGR-ORF15 sequence stability during all phases of manipulation, from plasmid propagation to vector production to its stability in vivo after subretinal administration to animals. We also evaluate potential toxicity in vivo by investigating protein expression, retinal structure and function, and vector biodistribution. Expression of hRPGR is detected in the inner segments and synaptic terminals of photoreceptors and is restricted to the connecting cilium when the vector is further diluted. Treated eyes exhibit no toxicity as assessed by retinal histopathology, immunocytochemistry, optical coherence tomography, fundoscopy, electroretinogram, and vector biodistribution. Therefore, the hRPGR-ORF15 variant in our AAV vectors appears to be a more stable form than the endogenous hRPGR cDNA when propagated in vitro. Its safety profile presented here in combination with its proven efficacy supports future gene therapy clinical trials.
Minimal TCB Code Execution

We propose an architecture that allows code to execute in complete isolation from other software while trusting only a tiny software base that is orders of magnitude smaller than even minimalist virtual machine monitors. Our technique also enables more meaningful attestation than previous proposals, since only measurements of the security-sensitive portions of an application need to be included. We achieve these guarantees by leveraging hardware support provided by commodity processors from AMD and Intel that are shipping today.
Dynamic gates with hysteresis and configurable noise tolerance

Dynamic logic can provide significant performance and power benefit compared to implementations using static gates. Unfortunately dynamic gates have traditionally suffered from low noise margins, which limits their reliability. A new logic family, called complementary dynamic logic (CDL), is presented. CDL replaces the standard keeper logic with a dual dynamic keeper gate that is applicable to all dynamic gate structures. CDL provides dynamic gates with two novel characteristics: hysteresis and arbitrarily configurable noise margins. However, these two benefits come at the cost of reducing the gain and increasing the energy of the dynamic gate. This paper compares the noise, energy, performance, gain, and total transistor width trade- offs of CDL and three other logic families applied to a 65nm cell library consisting of 23 functions. The results show that the performance advantages of dynamic domino gates can be maintained while providing significantly enhanced noise margins using CDL structures.
An evaluation of the genetic components of bovine respiratory disease and its influence on production traits

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is among the most important infectious disease facing the entire cattle industry. The economic consequences associated with BRD is significant and is one of the most challenging obstacles facing the profitably of cattle operations. Factors that contribute to respiratory diseases in cattle can be broken down into three different segments: viruses, bacteria, and stress. Due in large part to the structure of the U. S. cattle industry, there is no more critical time period cattle face in terms of the overall health and productivity than at weaning and as animals enter the feedlot. The objectives of this study were threefold: 1) to investigate the effects of BRD incidence and number of treatments on economically important performance and carcass traits. 2) to examine the effects lung lesion scores have on important production traits 3) to evaluate the genetic components associated with BRD in both pre-wean and feedlot cattle. In general, the results of this study agree with previous findings of the effect of BRD incidence on production traits, in which greater frequency of BRD treatment is associated with increasing effects on the traits of interest. In terms of lung lesion scores, the only significant differences in the traits of interest were observed when comparing cattle with and without active bronchial lymph nodes. The heritability for BRD incidences in pre-wean cattle was estimated at 0.12 ± 0.06 and 0.08 ± 0.05 for the number of BRD treatments in the current population. Heritability estimates were 0.07 ± 0.04 for BRD incidence and 0.05 ± 0.04 for the number of treatments in feedlot cattle. Though these estimates are low, genetic improvement may be possible through selection programs geared towards BRD resistance in pre-wean and feedlot cattle. Estimates of the genetic correlations between either health measure with hot carcass weight, rib-eye area,
Force calculations for hybrid (ferro-nullflux) low-drag systems

A strong lift large clearance suspension can be produced using the attraction between superconducting train magnets and iron track sheets. A null flux arrangement of track loops interacting with the same train magnets will yield magnetic lift/drag ratios of several hundred, and can be designed to give whatever degree of inherent stability is desired. As an example, lift forces of two tons per foot of vehicle can be achieved with clearances of six to twelve inches, and inherent restoring forces in any direction can be designed in the range of 0.2 to 1 g per inch. Calculations are made of lift and restoring forces for various track designs taking into account finite edge and permeability effects. Such a system with its high lift, low drag capability would allow the economic high speed transport of freight as well as passengers. Possibilities include transport of bulk materials, piggy-back trucks, and autos with passengers.
Correlation of heights of observed and computed deep‐water wind waves in North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea

An additional proof of the validity of the Sverdrup-Munk technique for forecasting the height of the local deep-water wind waves is presented. The proof makes use of the correlation coefficient and of the similarity of the frequency function curves derived by the use of Craig's method of determining the Pearson-type curve that is involved.
Overlapping talk and the organization of turn-taking for conversation

This article provides an empirically grounded account of what happens when more persons than one talk at once in conversation. It undertakes to specify when such occurrences are problematic for the participants, and for the organization of interaction; what the features of such overlapping talk are; and what constraints an account of overlapping talk should meet. It describes the practices employed by participants to deal with such simultaneous talk, and how they form an organization of practices which is related to the turn-taking organization previously described by Sacks et al. 1974. This “overlap resolution device” constitutes a previously unexplicated component of that turn-taking organization, and one that provides solutions to underspecified features of the previous account.
Fonsecaea monophora cerebral phaeohyphomycosis: case report of successful surgical excision and voriconazole treatment and review

We report a case of Fonsecaea monophora cerebral phaeohyphomycosis successfully treated with surgical excision and voriconazole monotherapy in a patient receiving maintenance immunosuppression therapy for 8 years after cadaveric renal transplantation. She presented with a severe frontal headache in the absence of any constitutional or neurologic symptoms. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed an irregular 3.1 × 3.4 cm ring-enhancing lesion in her left frontal lobe. The patient underwent craniotomy and resection of her mass, with intraoperative spillage of some of her abscess contents into her lateral ventricle. Histopathology of her resected mass showed necrotic fragments of brain parenchyma with granulomatous inflammation and numerous pigmented fungal forms. A mold, recovered from cultures inoculated with portions of her brain resection specimen, was later definitively identified as Fonsecaea monophora. Initial serum (1→3) β-D-glucan (BG) levels exceeded 500 pg/ml. The patient received voriconazole, wh...
Affinity learning on a tensor product graph with applications to shape and image retrieval

As observed in several recent publications, improved retrieval performance is achieved when pairwise similarities between the query and the database objects are replaced with more global affinities that also consider the relation among the database objects. This is commonly achieved by propagating the similarity information in a weighted graph representing the database and query objects. Instead of propagating the similarity information on the original graph, we propose to utilize the tensor product graph (TPG) obtained by the tensor product of the original graph with itself. By virtue of this construction, not only local but also long range similarities among graph nodes are explicitly represented as higher order relations, making it possible to better reveal the intrinsic structure of the data manifold. In addition, we improve the local neighborhood structure of the original graph in a preprocessing stage. We illustrate the benefits of the proposed approach on shape and image ranking and retrieval tasks. We are able to achieve the bull's eye retrieval score of 99.99% on MPEG-7 shape dataset, which is much higher than the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Injuries to the ligaments of the knee joint

1. Early and thorough examination is essential for exact diagnosis, which forms the basis for rational treatment in all injuries to the collateral and cruciate ligaments of the knee joint. 2. In addition to a careful history and examination, the authors advocate the use of certain tests which are helpful in diagnosis. 3. Abduction rocking to a moderate degree may indicate an isolated lesion of the tibial collateral ligament. Abduction rocking to a marked degree is indicative of combined injury to tibial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments. Verification of abduction rock ing is obtained by anteroposterior roentgenograms of both knees, held in abduction to show the relative degree of separation of the joint surfaces on their medial aspects. In the presence of muscle spasm, this test may require general anaesthesia. If this test is positive, an operation for repair of the injured ligament should be performed.
Historical development of grain moisture measurement and other food quality sensing through electrical properties

When the electrical properties of materials are well correlated with other properties or characteristics of those materials that are important, it is often possible to use properly designed instruments for rapidly measuring those nonelectrical properties of interest. This may be accomplished by the use of electric fields in sensing the electrical properties of the material and then obtaining estimates of the nonelectrical properties through appropriate correlations. In the agricultural and food industries, these kinds of measurements have been used for many years for rapid determination of moisture content in grain and seed. Research has been conducted seeking useful correlations between quality attributes of other food materials and their electrical properties, but they have generally been less successful than the determination of moisture content. In this article, an overview of the historical development of such measurement methods and techniques is presented with respect to grain and seed and other agricultural products and food materials. The article covers use of electrical resistance or conductance of grain samples, radio-frequency capacitance measurements, and microwave measurements of dielectric properties for sensing the moisture content of grain and seed. It deals with the principles involved rather than descriptions of specific instruments that have been developed for rapid measurement of grain and seed moisture content.
Law and Trust

This article explores the significance of the law for enhancing social capital and the trust necessary for economic transactions. Trust is a complicated concept, which contains both rational cognitive and emotional affective aspects. While the law has been criticized by many social scientific researchers for undermining affective trust, this theory is a misguided one. Relying on purely private trust is limited, especially in a relatively complex economy. By providing assurances of contract performance, the law can help create trustworthy behavior, which in turn can increase both cognitive and affective societal trust. After examining the existing literature on the association of law and trust, I conduct cross-country research showing that the concepts are not antagonistic but tend to go together. Moreover, the use of the law can produce a better and broader, less xenophobic trust in a society.
Homeschool and Underage Drinking: Is It More Protective than Public and Private Schools?

ABSTRACTThis article examines differences in alcohol use between homeschool and both public and private school students. Applying regression analyses to two waves of the National Study of Youth and Religion, we found that homeschoolers were less likely to drink alcohol and get drunk than non-homeschoolers, which was explained in part by variables of social bonding, social learning, and, to a greater extent, religiosity. Specifically, parental monitoring helped explain differences between homeschool and private school students, while association with deviant friends partially accounted for differences with public school students. Religiosity, however, explained differences between homeschoolers and both types of non-homeschoolers.
An Optimal Set of Selected Uranium Enrichments That Minimizes Blending Consequences

Identities, quantities, and costs associated with producing a set of selected enrichments and blending them to provide fuel for existing reactors are investigated using an optimization model constr...
A Cross - sectional Study on Psychological and Behavioral Problems of Primary and Secondary School Students

Objective To investigate the current status of psychological and behavioral problems among primary and secondary school students and to provide a basis for formulating interventions.Methods The parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ) was applied to investigate and assess 1396 primary and secondary school students selected by stratified random sampling.Results According to the SDQ total score,the abnormal rate of psychological and behavioral problems was 10.32%.While the rate in male was 13.07%,which was higher than that in female(7.86%)(P 0.01).The abnormal rate of behavior problem in male was 11.55%,hyperactivity was 14.14%,and pro-social behavior was 18.24%,which were all higher than those in female(6.23%,6.50%,and 6.50%;P 0.01).The abnormal rates of emotional problems and behavioral problems among high school students were 17.32% and 12.87% respectively,which were both the highest among all the grades(P 0.01).The abnormal rate of pro-social behavior among junior school students was 20.36%,which was the highest among all the grades(P 0.01).The abnormal rates of total scores among junior and high school students were 13.72% and 13.86% respectively,which were higher than that among primary school students(7.28%).The SDQ total score of students were(9.3 ± 5.5).The high school students scored higher than primary and junior schools(P 0.01).According to the scores of behavior,the boys scored higher than the girls(P 0.05).According to the scores of hyperactivity problems,the boys scored higher than the girls and the high school students scored the highest(P 0.05).According to the scores of emotional problems,the girls scored higher than the boys(P 0.05).According to the scores of pro-social behavior,the girls scored higher than the boys and the primary school students scored the highest(P 0.05).According to the scores of peer interaction,the high school students scored the highest(P 0.05).Conclusion The study suggests that psychological and behavioral problems vary from different genders and grades,which need to be classified before intervention.
Evaluation On The Training Effects Of Knowledge And Skills About AIDS Prevention For 1280 Export Labors

Objective To study the training effects of knowledge and skills about AIDS prevention for export labors of Anhui province,and explore the method of health education for this population.Methods The training of AIDS knowledge and skills were conducted among export labors who went through exit formalities about the medical examination in Anhui international travel health care center from 2008 to 2010 by using stratified clustered random sampling.Questionnaire-based survey was done before and after training,and the training effects were analyzed and compared.Results From 2008 to 2010,the awareness rate of AIDS knowledge before the training was 42.49%,63.52% and 73.57% respectively,and the rate after training was 91.69%,94.09% and 94.74% respectively.The rate of correct condom using before training was 61.44%,66.67% NS 73.33% respectively,and after training the rate was 91.10%,96.99% and 94.67% respectively.There were significant differences.Conclusion The training of AIDS knowledge,regulations and skills for export labors was necessary.The training for target groups had achieved significant results.
Simulated Study of Tower Lateral Rodês Effect for Lightning Protection for 500 kV Transmission Lines

To investigate the effect of installing tower lateral rod against lightning for 500 kV transmission lines, we firstly analyzed the mechanism and influential factors of lateral rod's working theoretically based on the establishment of a three-dimensional electro-geometric model(EGM). Then, we executed a large number of repetitive discharge tests on some practical models to simulate transmission line corridors in mountainous areas, and then obtained experimental shielding failure rates from these tests. The results show that installing lateral rod can largely reduce shielding failure rate and its protection effect is influenced by the length and installing angle of needle: shielding failure rate decreases with increasing length or decreasing angle. The test results corroborate theoretical analysis, and both of them can be used as references in application or assessment of lightning protection impruvement utilizing tower lateral rods.
Indicators of Activities of United States Senators

In this article, several heretofore little used indicators of legislative activity by senators are described and demonstrated. The purpose of this exercise is to generate debate about how Congress ...
Value of routine staging imaging studies for patients with stage III breast cancer.

Background and Objectives Routine staging imaging studies (RSIS) are optional in stage III breast cancer (BC). The impact of RSIS on treatment decisions and patient outcomes has not been extensively studied. The goal of this study was to determine whether RSIS in stage III BC affected treatment or patient outcomes. Methods Stage III BC patients from 2000 to 2010 were retrospectively identified. RSIS results and treatment plan in response to RSIS results were recorded. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models with time-dependent covariates were used to assess associations between RSIS use and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Results Of 420 patients, 362 (86.2%) received RSIS. RSIS were negative in 264 (72.9%), indeterminate in 77 (18.3%), and positive in 21 patients (5.0%) for metastatic disease. Treatment was altered in 21 (5.8%) patients based on RSIS results (20 with metastatic disease, 1 with indeterminate disease). There was no difference in RFS with RSIS use on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 1.3; 95% confidence interval 0.73–2.5, P = 0.32). Conclusions Most stage III BC patients underwent RSIS, but RSIS results infrequently affected treatment decisions. There was no significant difference in RFS with RSIS use. RSIS to identify metastatic disease for stage III BC has limited value. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:917–921. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adaptive Smoothed Online Multi-Task Learning

This paper addresses the challenge of jointly learning both the per-task model parameters and the inter-task relationships in a multi-task online learning setting. The proposed algorithm features probabilistic interpretation, efficient updating rules and flexible modulation on whether learners focus on their specific task or on jointly address all tasks. The paper also proves a sub-linear regret bound as compared to the best linear predictor in hindsight. Experiments over three multi-task learning benchmark datasets show advantageous performance of the proposed approach over several state-of-the-art online multi-task learning baselines.
Emotional Granularity Effects on Event-Related Brain Potentials during Affective Picture Processing.

There is debate about whether emotional granularity, the tendency to label emotions in a nuanced and specific manner, is merely a product of labeling abilities, or a systematic difference in the experience of emotion during emotionally evocative events. According to the Conceptual Act Theory of Emotion (CAT) (Barrett, 2006), emotional granularity is due to the latter and is a product of on-going temporal differences in how individuals categorize and thus make meaning of their affective states. To address this question, the present study investigated the effects of individual differences in emotional granularity on electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain activity during the experience of emotion in response to affective images. Event-related potentials (ERP) and event-related desynchronization and synchronization (ERD/ERS) analysis techniques were used. We found that ERP responses during the very early (60-90ms), middle (270-300ms) and later (540-570ms) moments of stimulus presentation were associated with individuals’ level of granularity. We also observed that highly granular individuals, compared to lowly granular individuals, exhibited relatively stable desynchronization of alpha power (8-12Hz) and synchronization of gamma power (30-50Hz) during the 3 seconds of stimulus presentation. Overall, our results suggest that emotional granularity is related to differences in neural processing throughout emotional experiences and that high granularity could be associated with access to executive control resources and a more habitual processing of affective stimuli, or a kind of “emotional complexity.” Implications for models of emotion are also discussed.
Immigrant patents boost growth.

There are lively debates in countries around the world as to how to stimulate economic growth and how much immigrants contribute to the economy. My research on the U.S. economy shows that skilled immigration increases patenting, which is likely to boost per capita economic growth. My analysis of
Amplification of the NSD3‑BRD4‑CHD8 pathway in pelvic high‑grade serous carcinomas of tubo‑ovarian and endometrial origin

Identification of novel therapeutics in pelvic high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) has been hampered by a paucity of actionable point mutations in target genes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent of amplification of the therapeutically targetable NSD3-CHD8-BRD4 pathway in pelvic HGSC, and to determine whether amplification is associated with worse prognosis. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ovarian and endometrial cancer cohorts were retrospectively analyzed via online data-mining tools to test the association of NSD3, CHD8 and BRD4 genomic alterations with survival of pelvic HGSC patients. It was demonstrated that amplification of the NSD3-CHD8-BRD4 pathway in the ovarian HGSC cohort (observed in 18% of the cases, 88/489) was significantly associated with worse overall and progression-free survival compared with non-amplified cases. In addition, amplification of NSD3, CHD8 and BRD4 also occurred in 9% (21/232) of overall endometrial cancer TCGA cases, which was associated with worse overall survival. In the endometrial cancer TCGA cohort, NSD3, CHD8 and BRD4 amplification occurred specifically in the serous carcinoma (25%, 13/53) and 'serous-like' copy number high endometrial carcinoma (33%, 20/60) subgroups, compared with the polymerase e (0%, 0/17), microsatellite instability high (0%, 0/65) or low copy number (1%, 1/90) subgroups. These findings support the hypothesis that amplification of the NSD3-BRD4-CDH8 axis is frequent in pelvic HGSC of both ovarian and endometrial origin, and that this pathway is potentially targetable in a subset of HGSC patients.
X-ray vs. CT in identifying significant C-spine injuries in the pediatric population

Evaluation of cervical spine injury (CSI) in children requires rapid, yet accurate assessment of damage. Given concerns of radiation exposure, expert consensus advises that computed tomography (CT) should be used sparingly. However, CT can provide superior image resolution and detection of pathology. Herein, we evaluate if X-ray offers equal diagnostic accuracy compared to CT imaging in identifying CSI in children. We conducted a retrospective study between October 2000 and March 2012 of pediatric patients evaluated for cervical spine injury at a level 1 trauma center. All patients included in this study were imaged with cervical spine X-rays and CT at the time of injury. Demographic information, mechanism of injury, significant versus non-significant injury (as defined by the NEXUS criteria), radiographic findings, level of the injury, presence of spinal cord injury, treatment, clinical outcome, and length of follow-up were collected. Chi-squared (χ 2) and Fisher’s exact tests were used as appropriate and means and standard deviations were reported. We identified 1296 patients who were screened for CSI. Of those, 164 patients were diagnosed with spinal cord/column injuries (CSI). Eighty-nine patients were excluded for only having a CT or X-ray imaging without the other modality. Thus, a total of 75 patients with CSI were included in the final cohort. Using the NEXUS definitions, 78% of patients had clinically significant injuries while 22% had non-significant injuries. There were no injuries detected on X-ray that were not also detected on CT. For all injuries, X-ray sensitivity was 50.7%. X-rays were more sensitive to significant injuries (62.3%) compared in non-significant injuries, which were missed on all X-rays (0%). Therefore, X-rays did not identify 24 significant cervical spine injuries (32%) as defined by NEXUS. CT is superior to X-rays in detecting both clinically significant and insignificant cervical spine injuries. These results were not dependent on patient age or location of the injury. We recommend CT imaging in the evaluation of suspected cervical spine injuries in children. Level of evidence: III
Evaluation of (2S, 4R)- and (2S, 4S)-4[18F]Fluoro-L-glutamine as tumor metabolic imaging agents

1495 Objectives Glutamine is an important alternative nutrient for sustaining tumor growth and proliferation in addition to glucose. In particular, tumor cells with deregulated c-Myc gene are generally reprogrammed to be addicted to glutamine. Therefore, we developed isomers of 4-[18F]fluoro-L-glutamine (4-FGln) as potentially useful metabolic probes. Methods The optically pure (2S, 4R) and (2S, 4S)-4-FGln were prepared using [18F]KF-K[2.2.2]/K2CO3 or [18F]KF-18-Crown-6/KHCO3 as fluorination reagents, followed by deprotection. The uptake of (2S, 4R) and (2S, 4S)-4FGln were determined in glioma cell lines 9L and SF188Bcl-xL between 5 and 120 min; FDG was also used as the reference standard. Uptake mechanism of both isomers was characterized in 9L cells through inhibition studies. PET imaging studies were conducted in transgenic mice bearing spontaneous M/tomND tumors and rats bearing xenographed 9L tumor. Results Optically pure (2S, 4R)-4FGln and (2S, 4S)-4FGln were synthesized in good yields and high radiochemical purity (≥ 95%). The maximum uptake of (2S, 4R) and (2S, 4S) isomers was comparable in both tumor cells. Their uptake was higher than that of FDG in first 60 min. (2S, 4S)-4FGln, which quickly reached maximum in 30 min to 60 min, showed a faster uptake compared to the (2S, 4R) isomer. Both isomers were transported into cells via ASC system. PET imaging studies of (2S, 4R)-4FGln demonstrated that it had tumor-specific uptake in both Tg mice and 9L tumor bearing rats. Conclusions Both (2S, 4R)- and (2S, 4S)-4FGln showed tumor uptake with high efficiency. They are potentially useful tumor imaging agents for mapping glutaminolysis associated with the up-regulation of various genes including c-Myc. Research Support SU2
Polar Ordinates in Bernoulli and L’Hôpital

Priority for the invention of polar coordinates should probably be accorded to Newton, although Jakob Bernoulli has priority of publication in 1691, because Newton’s results were only published posthumously, almost half a century later. However, it was not until the middle of the 18th century that polar coordinates took on the form that is used today. Earlier versions all featured ordinates emanating from a single point or pole, with some geometric object playing the role that now belongs to an angular coordinate. The largest and most accessible collection of these early schemes of polar ordinates is probably to be found in the Marquis de L’Hopital’s Analyse des infiniment petits (1696), based on the lessons given to the Marquis by Johann Bernoulli. We describe Bernoulli’s approaches to polar ordinates, as presented in l’Hopital’s textbook.
Progress in Light Emission from Silicon and Germanium Nanostructures

Light emission from silicon and germanium nanostructures has been of great interest for some time now owing to the need for silicon-based light sources for applications in silicon optoelectronics and photonics. Both silicon and germanium possess indirect band gaps, which makes them very inefficient light emitters. Band gap engineering employing quantum wells, wires, or dots has been proposed as one way to overcome this limitation and, in the past, Si/Ge, Si/SiO2, or Si/SiGe-alloy thin-multilayer nanostructures grown on Si have been produced on this principle, and although light emission with greatly improved efficiency has been obtained at low temperatures the emission at room temperature is still very weak, because of exciton dissociation. Recent advances in band gap engineering technology have resulted in the development of new systems incorporating one-, two-, and three-dimensionally confined Si-Ge nanostructures that produce bright light in the near infrared. Here, the novel optical properties of recently-investigated various such nanostructures are reviewed.