cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tumor metastasis to bone

Establishment of skeletal metastasis involves bidirectional interactions between the tumor cell and the cellular elements in the bone microenvironment. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of bone metastasis will be critical in developing the means to prevent bone metastasis or inhibit its progression. The receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK)/RANK ligand pathway has emerged as the key pathway regulating osteolysis in skeletal metastasis. A number of candidate factors, including the Wnt (wingless int) proteins, endothelin-1, and bone morphogenetic proteins, have been implicated in the establishment of osteoblastic metastasis. The complex nature of tumor-bone microenvironment interactions and the presence of multiple pathways that lead to bone metastasis suggests that simultaneous targeting of these pathways in the metastatic cascade are required for effective treatment. This review discusses current understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms that underlie the establishment of bone metastasis and potential molecular therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of bone metastasis.
Synthesis of chlorambucil-tempol adduct and its delivery using fluoroalkyl double-ended poly (ethylene glycol) micelles.

In our pursuit to find potent anticancer drugs, we have covalently bonded free radical tempol to chlorambucil giving a chlorambucil-tempol (CT) adduct in which both of the anticancer active sites i...
Studies on thyroid-catecholamine interactions in the isolated rabbit heart.

Abstract Isolated atria and strips of ventricles from hyperthyroid and euthyroid rabbits were subjected to a series of pharmacologic tests in an attempt to demonstrate an interaction between the thyroid and the catecholamines on cardiac chronotropism and inotropism. These tests included dose response curves to norepinephrine and epinephrine; the use of cocaine to see whether there was a greater potentiation to norepinephrine in hyperthyroidism; dose response curves to tyramine to determine whether hyperthyroidism altered the development of tachyphylaxis to this agent; dose response curves to epinephrine in the presence of theophylline since these agents act at different sites in the cyclic-AMP system; dose response curves to mecholyl in the absence and presence of atropine to detect any hyperthyroid-induced change in cholinergic receptor sites. Our results do not support the concept of a thyroid-catecholamine interaction on cardiac chronotropism and inotropism.
Specialization and the development of sociology: Differentiation of fragmentation?

Specialization has long been a dominant trend in American sociology despite persistent concern that it may constitute a threat to the intergrity of the discipline. The author proposes that specializations have proliferated because they have been functional for the growth and legitimation of the profession. Specifically, they have provided opportunities for more sociologists to make recognized contributions to knowledge during a prolonged period of increasing competition for research recognition and support. The emphasis on research also has advanced the status of faculty within the university. Because the source of new specialties has been changes in society, the domain of sociology has continued to expand, promoting student enrollments. However, the growth of the profession has been purchased at the price of the coherence of the discipline. Moreover, the fiscal crisis of the university may make the eclectic image of sociology departments a liability to their efforts to protect faculty. In the future, unionization may become an alternative to departmentalization and professionalization. Meanwhile, a new concentration on the development of the discipline may be the most effective way to ensure support of the profession. Our principal goal should be to develop a general, critical theory of society. As a first step, all studies should be addressed to and classified in terms of the core concepts that define the distinctive concerns of the discipline.
Re-Envisioning Religious Education in Light of Persons with “Disabilities”

Abstract The lived experience of persons with disabilities necessarily challenges our understandings of religious education. In this article, the author reviews how the marginalized lives of persons with disabilities might lead us to re-envision how religious education is defined and embodied in Western Christian communities. Based on this, suggestions are made as to how we might begin to alter our religious education programs more broadly and inclusively. Literature shows that, for persons with “disabilities,” our programs should be more empowering, interdependent, affirming, and intentional with the religious symbols that they use. Religious educators are therefore invited to embody such expressions.
Upper Air Wind Speeds Calculated from Observations of Natural Infrasound

Abstract In a continuing study of the feasibility of using microbarom (natural infrasound) observations to define characteristics of upper air winds, we determined the seasonal mean trace velocity of microbaroms. We show that this is equal to the acoustic velocity at an upper reflection level. This velocity is the sum of the sound speed based on temperature alone and the wind speed. We determine the former from the vertical temperature profile and can thus calculate the wind speed at particular reflection levels in the stratosphere and ionosphere. Our results compare well with direct observations.
Reactivity of a 1-Germapropadiene

α-Lithiofluorogermane 3 eliminated lithium fluoride to give 1-germapropadiene 1 even at −75 °C. The reactivity of 1-germapropadiene 1 was investigated. Compound 1 was not stable above 0 °C in solution or 90 °C in the solid state. Two C−H insertion cyclic compounds, 8 and 9, were formed as a result of decomposition. Water, methanol, and ethanol added across the GeC double bond of 1 to give vinylalkoxy (hydroxy) germanes. Benzophenone did not react with 1 at 0 °C, but benzaldehyde gave oxagermetane 13 in good yield. When acetone was introduced to 1, it gave the unexpected product 10, the water adduct.
Determinants of long‐term (24‐year) diet recall ability using a 21‐item food frequency questionnaire

This study sought to determine how well individuals are able to recall accurately their food habits of 24 years ago and identify those factors that are predictive of recall ability. We investigated the self-reported dietary intakes of 216 people, one-half of whom were vegetarians, including cancer cases and controls. We compared 21 key food items reported in 1960 with the same data reported in 1984. Recall ability was the highest for persons with stable diets. Vegetarian status, education, and church attendance were the other significant determinants of exact recall; age and church attendances were the only significant determinants of recall error. After excluding nonusers of particular foods, we found a positive correlation between frequency of use and recall ability.
Calculation and use of total collision rates in thermal systems

Abstract It has been traditional to use Lennard-Jones collision rates as a reference collision rate in the analysis of collisional energy transfer rates. However, this practice often leads to predicted collisional efficiencies in excess of 1. To remedy this situation, we suggest the use of total collision rates as reference rate constants. Expressions for thermally averaged total collision rates are derived and are used to obtain collision efficiencies for NO2 (A 2B2) quenching and collisional disalignment rates. The derived efficiencies are found to be collider independent, and allow predictions of energy transfer cross sections which are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Somatic Inactivation of Pkd2 Results in Polycystic Kidney Disease

Germline mutations in PKD2 cause autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. We have introduced a mutant exon 1 in tandem with the wild-type exon 1 at the mouse Pkd2 locus. This is an unstable allele that undergoes somatic inactivation by intragenic homologous recombination to produce a true null allele. Mice heterozygous and homozygous for this mutation, as well as Pkd+/- mice, develop polycystic kidney and liver lesions that are indistinguishable from the human phenotype. In all cases, renal cysts arise from renal tubular cells that lose the capacity to produce Pkd2 protein. Somatic loss of Pkd2 expression is both necessary and sufficient for renal cyst formation in ADPKD, suggesting that PKD2 occurs by a cellular recessive mechanism.
Nonlinear systems identification using dynamic multi-time scale neural networks

In this paper, two Neural Network (NN) identifiers are proposed for nonlinear systems identification via dynamic neural networks with different time scales including both fast and slow phenomena. The first NN identifier uses the output signals from the actual system for the system identification. The on-line update laws for dynamic neural networks have been developed using the Lyapunov function and singularly perturbed techniques. In the second NN identifier, all the output signals from nonlinear system are replaced with the state variables of the neuron networks. The on-line identification algorithm with dead-zone function is proposed to improve nonlinear system identification performance. Compared with other dynamic neural network identification methods, the proposed identification methods exhibit improved identification performance. Three examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Quantum fermion hair.

It is shown that the Dirac operator in the background of a magnetic Reissner-Nordstrom black hole and a Euclidean vortex possesses normalizable zero modes in theories containing superconducting cosmic strings. One consequence of these zero modes is the presence of a fermion condensate around magnetically charged black holes which violates global quantum numbers
Optimizing long-term care by administration of influenza vaccine to parents of NICU patients.

The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) team has traditionally invested itself in maintaining the health of its patients upon discharge from high-acuity care. Historically, this has included the administration of vaccinations to the patients and more recently, Palivizumab — a monoclonal antibody directed against respiratory synctial virus (RSV). With increasing awareness of the ill-effects associated with influenza virus and recommendations those in close contact with high-risk infants receive the vaccine, the NICU may be an ideal arena to capture parents of high-risk infants for vaccination. This would potentially decrease exposure of the neoatal patient group to influenza virus and may decrease morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. NICUs should work in concert with their associated Departments of Obstetrics to immunize pregnant mothers when appropriate, educate parents regarding influenza and its potential effects in infants and offer influenza vaccine in-season to parents as part of comprehensive care.
Roughness of heat transfer surfaces

Abstract A scanning electron microscope was used mainly for order-of-magnitude measurements in the present study. Further, only a few measurements were possible due to the short time the equipment was available. However, these limited measurements showed a significant change in roughness dimensions and shape due to heating of Inconel and, perhaps more importantly, demonstrated a new means to measure natural roughness elements smaller than the radius-of-curvature of the typical industrial profilometer. It seems clear that the scanning electron microscope offers considerable potential for more complete characterization of the texture of the surfaces employed in convective and radiative heat transfer applications. By using electronic signal processing, it is likely that useful measurements of the size spectra could be readily recorded and reduced. The improved characterization of the shape is also valuable.
Optimum design of a first story damping system

Abstract The optimum design of a first story damping system of multistory shear type structures is considered. Analytical expressions, for the case of stationary white noise ground accelerations, are derived for maximum displacements of each floor. Based on these, suitable objective functions are defined. Parametric study for the determination of the effect of structural damping and structure's flexibility on the control quantities is performed and the optimal design of several structures is carried out.
Changing concepts regarding plant water relations

Remise en question de la validite de la mesure du potentiel hydrique foliaire pour determiner l'etat de l'eau dans la plante, des relations entre turgescence et croissance, du role respectif des racines et des parties aeriennes comme indicateurs de sensibilite au stress hydrique
Effects of smoking on otologic surgery outcomes.

Objectives/Hypothesis: To determine whether smokers and former smokers have different outcomes of otologic surgery compared to nonsmokers. Smokers have been shown to have worse outcomes in other surgeries, including facial plastics procedures, and it is hypothesized that they will have worse outcomes after ear surgery. Former smokers benefit from reduced risk of heart disease and lung disease after quitting for a period of time. It is also hypothesized that former smokers' risk of ear disease will be reduced over time. Study Design: Retrospective review. Methods: All patients undergoing otologic surgery are included in this study. Smoking status of all patients was determined and patients are classified as nonsmokers, current smokers, and former smokers. Final hearing is determined after a minimum 12 months follow-up. The rates of complications, subsequent surgery, extent of disease, and canal wall status were measured and compared between smokers and nonsmokers, and smokers and former smokers. The former smoker group was further divided into those that quit 5 years. These groups were compared to nonsmokers. Results: A total of 1,531 surgeries were performed on 1,183 patients. Sixty-three percent of the population were nonsmokers, 21% of patients were current smokers, 5% were former smokers, and 11% unknown. Smokers had more cholesteatomas and required more canal wall down surgeries than nonsmokers. Smokers had a significantly higher incidence of ossicular chain involvement with cholesteatoma or discontinuity requiring reconstructions. They required more revision surgeries, and had overall worse final hearing than nonsmokers. Former smokers, regardless of how long they had quit, had significantly more ossicular chain reconstructions than nonsmokers. Former smokers who quit smoking 5 years had results similar to nonsmokers. Conclusions: Smokers have significantly worse chronic ear disease than nonsmokers. Surgery in smokers is more extensive and leads to worse hearing outcomes than nonsmokers. Subsequent surgeries are more common in smokers. Former smokers who quit 5 years were similar to nonsmokers. Laryngoscope, 2009
Environmentally Realistic Exposure to the Herbicide Atrazine Alters Some Sexually Selected Traits in Male Guppies

Male mating signals, including ornaments and courtship displays, and other sexually selected traits, like male-male aggression, are largely controlled by sex hormones. Environmental pollutants, notably endocrine disrupting compounds, can interfere with the proper functioning of hormones, thereby impacting the expression of hormonally regulated traits. Atrazine, one of the most widely used herbicides, can alter sex hormone levels in exposed animals. I tested the effects of environmentally relevant atrazine exposures on mating signals and behaviors in male guppies, a sexually dimorphic freshwater fish. Prolonged atrazine exposure reduced the expression of two honest signals: the area of orange spots (ornaments) and the number of courtship displays performed. Atrazine exposure also reduced aggression towards competing males in the context of mate competition. In the wild, exposure levels vary among individuals because of differential distribution of the pollutants across habitats; hence, differently impacted males often compete for the same mates. Disrupted mating signals can reduce reproductive success as females avoid mating with perceptibly suboptimal males. Less aggressive males are at a competitive disadvantage and lose access to females. This study highlights the effects of atrazine on ecologically relevant mating signals and behaviors in exposed wildlife. Altered reproductive traits have important implications for population dynamics, evolutionary patterns, and conservation of wildlife species.
The cost-effectiveness of family therapy: a summary and progress report

This paper provides a summary of the cost-effectiveness research for family therapy. Data were available from four different sources in the United States: (1) a health maintenance organization with 180,000 subscribers; (2) the Medicaid system of the State of Kansas; (3) CIGNA Behavioral Health, a division of a health insurance company with nine million subscribers; and (4) a family therapy training clinic. Results suggest that family therapy reduces the number of healthcare visits, especially for high utilizers. The studies suggest that including family therapy as a treatment option does not significantly increase healthcare costs.
A Dual-Use Lifting Ballute for Orbit Capture and Entry

A lightweight ballute concept for both high-mass Mars orbit capture and entry is presented. This technology innovation could provide significant mass-savings over other candidate systems and be extended for use at Earth and other planets with atmospheres. This lightweight ballute concept will enable high-altitude deceleration and reduce g-loads for both capture and entry phases, minimizing the thermal protection and structural requirements of the deceleration system. Adding lift-control to a toroidal ballute and extending its use from orbit capture to entry could greatly reduce the required initial mass in low Earth orbit and total mission cost.
Study on the Flashover characteristics of air gaps for San-Hu II ± 500kv double line transmission towers

Flashover characteristics of the upper frame air gaps for ±500kV DC double line transmission towers are researched by impulse flashover test on real size simulation tower, and the test curves are presented. Tests about Flashover characteristics impacts of the lower crossbeam on the upper frame air gaps are carried out, the test curves are given in this paper under the precondition that the distance of upper line to upper crossbeam and tower body is 4.4m and the distance of upper line to lower crossbeam is 2.7m∼4.2m. Combined with the test result curves when the upper frame gaps have the same distance and the correction formula with different tower width, the curves of lower frame air gaps are also given in this paper. Based on the over-voltage and the switching impulse flashover characteristics on air gaps, the minimum clearances for the air gaps of upper and lower frame of ±500kV DC double line transmission towers from the Three Gorges Hydropower Station to Shanghai are presented.
Coronary arterial anatomy in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction without chest pain or previous myocardial infarction

Patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction without chest pain or previous myocardial infarction are unlikely to have 3-vessel coronary artery disease and are very unlikely to have coronary anatomy suitable for bypass grafting. Of our 108 subjects, only 3 (3%) had 3-vessel coronary artery disease thought to be suitable for revascularization.
Will the Real Scientists Please Stand Up? Taboo Topics, Creative Risk, and Paradigm Shift

The “real scientist” brings not only investigative ingenuity but also courage and integrity that permit a challenging of the status quo. Here, three issues and their relationship are considered: (a) Taboo Topics as per Norman Farberow’s 1963 book, where conscious/unconscious fears and prohibitions can hinder scientific progress, (b) creative qualities catalyzing open-mindedness and pursuit of truth, and (c) factors heightening or lowering resistance to paradigm shift as per Thomas Kuhn—including sudden change when the data become overwhelming. A key illustration involves parapsychology and the work of Stanley Krippner and colleagues—showing long-standing and rigorous research, plus efforts to disseminate findings and to open minds.
Microwave near-field reflection property analysis of concrete for material content determination

One of the most important parameters associated with concrete is its compressive strength. Currently, there is no reliable nondestructive testing technique that is capable of robust determination of this parameter. Concrete is a heterogeneous mixture composed of water, cement powder, sand (fine aggregate), rocks of various size or grade (coarse aggregate), and air (porosity). Water and cement powder chemically combine into a cement paste binder which, in due curing time, produces concrete with its specified compressive strength. Compressive strength of concrete is strongly influenced by its water-to-cement (w/c) ratio as well as its coarse aggregate-to-cement (ca/c) ratio. Therefore, if these two parameters are determined using a nondestructive testing technique, then they may be correlated to the compressive strength. Near-field microwave nondestructive testing techniques, employing open-ended rectangular waveguide probes, have shown tremendous potential for evaluating concrete constituent make-up. In this paper, the results of an extensive set of measurements, using these probes, are presented. The results demonstrate that the statistical distribution of the multiple measurements of the magnitude of reflection coefficient of concrete specimens with various constituent make-ups follows two well-known distributions as a function of frequency. It is shown that for the specimens investigated this distribution is Gaussian at 10 GHz and uniform at 3 GHz. Furthermore, the standard deviation of the measured magnitude of reflection coefficient at 10 GHz is shown to correlate well with ca/c ratio, whereas, the mean of this parameter at 3 GHz is correlated well with w/c ratio. Subsequently, these parameters may be used in conjunction with well established formulae or a look-up table to determine the compressive strength of a given concrete specimen.
Physical factors affecting the transport and fate of colloids in saturated porous media

[1] Saturated soil column experiments were conducted to explore the influence of colloid size and soil grain size distribution characteristics on the transport and fate of colloid particles in saturated porous media. Stable monodispersed colloids and porous media that are negatively charged were employed in these studies. Effluent colloid concentration curves and the final spatial distribution of retained colloids by the porous media were found to be highly dependent on the colloid size and soil grain size distribution. Relative peak effluent concentrations decreased and surface mass removal by the soil increased when the colloid size increased and the soil median grain size decreased. These observations were attributed to increased straining of the colloids; i.e., blocked pores act as dead ends for the colloids. When the colloid size is small relative to the soil pore sizes, straining becomes a less significant mechanism of colloid removal and attachment becomes more important. Mathematical modeling of the colloid transport experiments using traditional colloid attachment theory was conducted to highlight differences in colloid attachment and straining behavior and to identify parameter ranges that are applicable for attachment models. Simulated colloid effluent curves using fitted first-order attachment and detachment parameters were able to describe much of the effluent concentration data. The model was, however, less adequate at describing systems which exhibited a gradual approach to the peak effluent concentration and the spatial distribution of colloids when significant mass was retained in the soil. Current colloid xfiltration theory did not adequately predict the fitted first-order attachment coefficients, presumably due to straining in these systems. INDEX TERMS: 1831 Hydrology: Groundwater quality; 1832 Hydrology: Groundwater transport
Incorporation of Carbon from Acetate and Butyrate into Milk Components

Abstract The extent to which butyrate can contribute to the glucose requirement of the lactating cow was examined by intravenous injections of single tracer doses of butyrate-1- 14 C; injections of acetate-1- 14 C were used for comparison. Incorporation of carbon into the lactose of milk, used as the criterion of glucogenicity, was low from both substrates and was no greater from butyrate than from acetate. Neither substrate acted as a significant source of carbon for the two protein fractions of milk examined. The incorporation of carbon from acetate into milk fat clearly confirmed the lipogenic nature of this substrate, especially the contribution of acetate to the synthesis of the shorter chain fatty acids. Evidence was also obtained for the theory that a four-carbon unit derived from butyrate is incorporated directly into milk fatty acids.
IMMUNOLOGIC REACTIONS TO HAPTENS ON AUTOLOGOUS CARRIERS : I. PARTICIPATION OF BOTH THYMUS-DERIVED AND BONE MARROW-DERIVED CELLS IN THE SECONDARY IN VITRO RESPONSE

Both thymus-derived (T) and bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes participate in the response to a hapten 4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-nitrophenylacetic acid (NIP), coupled to a nonimmunogenic isologous carrier, mouse gamma globulin (MGG). Spleen cells from mice immunized with NIP-MGG show increased DNA synthesis in vitro when cultured with NIP-MGG. The participation of and requirement for T cells in the response was demonstrated by treating the spleen cells with anti-θ serum. This treatment resulted in a 77% inhibition of the antigen response. Furthermore, adoptively transferred normal thymus cells could be specifically "activated" by NIP-MGG in vivo and they responded secondarily to the antigen in vitro. The active participation of B cells in the secondary response was demonstrated by passing the immune spleen cells through a column coated with polyvalent anti-MGG serum. Column filtration reduced the number of NIP-specific plaque-forming cells and NIP-specific rosette-forming cells (both functions of B cells) and produced a 47% inhibition of the NIP-MGG response. The ability of the cells to respond to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was not affected by column filtration showing that T cells were not being selectively removed. The participation of B cells in the in vitro NIP-MGG response was also shown by treatment of the spleen cells with antiserum specific for MGG and MGG determinants. B cells were removed by treatment with anti-IgM or polyvalent anti-MGG serum plus complement, resulting in a respective 46 and 49% inhibition of the response to NIP-MGG. (Treatment with anti-IgM serum had no effect on T cells.) The contribution of the hapten NIP to stimulation of T cells was investigated using NIP-MGG-activated thymus cells. These activated T cells responded in vitro very well to the NIP-MGG complex but not to the MGG carrier alone demonstrating the requirement of the hapten for T cell stimulation. The response was also partially inhibited (41%) by incubating the activated cells with NIP coupled to a single amino acid (epsilon-aminocaproic acid) before addition of NIP-MGG. These results demonstrated that T cells recognize the hapten NIP when it is coupled to the isologous carrier MGG.
Plastic surgery in professional voice users: Special considerations

Summary Many professional voice users undergo cosmetic plastic surgery. Cosmetic procedures can be especially important for the professional who needs to improve appearance to enhance his or her career. It is essential for any patient considering such surgery to fully define the cosmetic change desired, to choose the appropriate procedure, and to avoid complications as much as possible. It is especially important for the professional voice user planning plastic surgery to understand the special considerations that could affect both the voice and the ability to perform in general. He or she must be able to choose a surgeon who understands the special needs of the professional voice user, who can make the appropriate decisions regarding anesthesia and choice of surgical procedures, and who understands both the transient and potentially permanent sequelae of cosmetic plastic surgery. With this knowledge, surgery can be planned that minimizes potential complications involving the voice or the artist's performing schedule.
Body bias dependence of 1/f noise in NMOS transistors from deep-subthreshold to strong inversion

Dependence of 1/f noise on the body-to-source junction bias voltages (V/sub BS/) between -2.5 and 0.5 V for 0.25-/spl mu/m NMOS transistors is reported. In subthreshold, 1/f noise is reduced by about one order of magnitude, when the body-to-source junction is forward biased by 0.5 V (V/sub BS/) compared to that for V/sub BS/=0 V, which is due to increased depletion layer capacitance as well as possibly due to an increased average distance between oxide traps and carriers caused by the forward bias. On the contrary, in strong inversion, 1/f noise remains almost constant for the entire V/sub BS/ range.
Cardinal numeral constructions and the category of animacy in Russian

The Russian cardinal numeral construction presents symptomatic variations of behavior with respect to the category of animacy. The present paper addresses these variations using data from the Russian National Corpus and the Internet and in it the following conclusion is drawn: the numeral construction is an important fragment of Russian grammar in which the category of animacy is not completely grammaticalized, which means that it conserves its semantic status.
Development of protein bodies and accumulation of carbohydrates in a soybean (Leguminosae) shriveled seed mutant.

The soybean seed mutant T311, when grown under specific environmental conditions, produces shriveled seed. This research investigated changes in development of protein bodies and accumulation of carbohydrates during seed development by comparing the mutant with P2180 seeds. The shriveled seeds contained larger protein bodies but fewer protein bodies per cell than round seeds. Protein bodies in T311 seeds included more dispersed crystals and less globoid regions than P2180 seeds. The elemental compositions of the crystals and of whole seeds in T311 were different from that in P2180 seeds. Starch breakdown was reduced with concomitant lower soluble sugar content in T311 seeds after the D11 stage (10.0‐11.9 mm long seeds). The reduced starch breakdown and lowered soluble sugar content were consistent with lower a-amylase activity and earlier and greater water loss in T311 seeds. Changes in development of protein bodies and accumulation of carbohydrates were associated with the development of the shriveled seeds.
Power Based Malicious Code Detection Techniques for Smartphones

In recent years there have been a growing number of viruses, root kits, and malware designed to gain access to system resources and information stored on smartphones. This paper examines the effectiveness of two smartphone-specific techniques for detecting malicious code behavior based on individual power consumption profiles based on time and location. Prototypes for each of the techniques were developed for use with Google's Android platform and were each evaluated over periods of six months or more involving several real-world users. This paper describes the design and implementation of each of these prototypes as well as the evaluation of their results.
A new block-based design methodology and CAD toolset for mixed signal ASIC design

With the continuing trends towards smaller, faster and more complex chips, there is an ever increasing need for new CAD tools and methodologies to support the reuse of larger building blocks, i.e., move from current cell-based methodologies and tools to higher level macro-block and mega-cell based designs. This paper presents a CAD toolset that supports both top-down design methodology (partitioning, floorplanning and synthesis), and bottom-up electrical and physical implementation (e.g. transistor sizing, block characterization, and layout generation) for block-based mixed signal ASIC designs.
Does Art Improve Mood? A Test of a Key Assumption Underlying Art Therapy.

We investigated whether artmaking improves mood, and if so, whether this effect is best explained by "catharsis" or "redirection." In Experiment 1, participants viewed tragic images and then either...
Global Simulation: A Student-Centered, Task-Based Format for Intermediate Foreign Language Courses.

This paper describes a student-centered, task-based alternative to published, main- stream curricula for intermediate university-level (second-year) foreign language courses: global simulation. The course format requires students to collaboratively complete a long-term task orga- nized around a single premise or scenario. In the process, they learn about particular aspects of the target culture and language, similarly to a traditional content course. Yet the objective is to make use of the content knowledge in functioning within and completing the simulation. Three example German courses are presented, followed by specific guidelines for designing a global sim- ulation course.
Performance comparison of index partitioning schemes for distributed query processing

The benefit of using indexes for processing queries in a database system is well known. The use of indexes in distributed database systems is equally justified. In a distributed database environment a relation may be horizontally partitioned across the nodes of the system and indexes may be created for the fragment of the relation that resides at each node. However as an alternative, one might construct each index on the entire relation, i.e., global indexes, and then partition each index between the nodes. Two approaches are presented for processing such an index partitioning scheme in response to a range query and their performance is compared with the typical scheme. The performance of these schemes is evaluated in terms of the response time, system throughput, network utilization and disk utilization while varying the number of nodes and query. >
Temperature-dependent reversible transition of poly(dCdG).poly(dCdG) in ethanolic and methanolic solutions.

Using CD the authors investigated the transitions of poly(dCdG) x poly(dGdC) from B-to-Z form and from Z-to-Z form. They have found experimental conditions that allow the cooperative transition to occur as a function of temperature in ethanolic solutions. The transition is reversible and can be repeated as often as desired. There is no evidence of strand separation during the cooperative transition as monitored by absorbance. For purposes of calculation, the authors have assumed a two-state model for the B-to-Z transition, although the data indicate that such a model is too simplistic. The calculations allow the estimation of the change in enthalpy per mole of cooperative unit for the transition as a function of ethanol concentration. Investigations of the noncooperative Z-to-Z' transition show that it is a reversible two-state transition. The different forms of poly(dCdG) x poly(dGdC) give no scattering contributions to the CD as shown by fluorescent-detected CD or fluorscat techniques. This indicates that the CD spectra are true spectra, and contain no contributions from differential scattering of the polynucleotide. This is particularly significant in the case of the Z; form, since it exists at high ethanol concentrations (80%) where condensation of polynucleotides can provide large contributions to the CDmore » spectra. Analogous investigations using methanol show that the two transitions also occur, but the final Z' form in methanol is qualitatively different from the ethanol form.« less
Dynamic range constraint in state-space digital filtering

The L p scaling techniques of Jackson are reviewed, and the l p scaling techniques are defined; then the properties of the L p and l p norms are discussed and compared. The l 2 norm scaling is proposed as the most convenient method in the state-space digital filtering.
Resynchronization of motion compensated video affected by ATM cell loss

Techniques for resynchronizing motion-compensation-based coders and strategies for the recovery of lost motion vectors are discussed. Leaky-difference resynchronization yields perceptually pleasing video sequences even at fairly high cell loss rates. Future study is needed to determine optimal data-dependent or network-state-dependent conditional resynchronization strategies. Lost motion vectors can be predicted accurately with either the median of intraframe neighboring vectors or the corresponding past-frame vector. The replacement of lost motion vectors with estimates such as these can significantly improve the quality of video affected by cell loss. >
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the maxilla: case report and literature review.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MC), first described by Lichtenstein and Bernstein in 1959, is a rare malignant tumor arising both within hard and soft tissues. Skeletal MC is most frequently found in the ribs and jaws. Involvement of the jaws is encountered in 22% to 27% of cases of MC. Maxillofacial MC has a propensity for recurrence and metastasis to lung, bone, and lymph nodes, sometimes occurring long after treatment, and is associated with an overall poor prognosis. To our knowledge, only 36 cases of MC originating in the maxilla have been previously reported in the English language literature (Table 1). This article reports an additional case of MC in the maxilla of a 28-year-old Caucasian man and reviews the literature of maxillary MC.
Crowds replace experts: Building better location-based services using mobile social network interactions

Location-based services are growing in popularity due to the ubiquity of smartphone users. The relevance of location-based query results is very important, especially for mobile phones with limited screen size. Location-based data frequently changes; this introduces challenges in indexing and ranking places. The growing popularity of mobile social networks, such as Twitter, FourSquare and Facebook Places, presents an opportunity to build better location-based services by leveraging user interactions on these networks. In this paper, we present SocialTelescope, a location-based service that automatically compiles, indexes and ranks locations, based on user interactions with locations in mobile social networks. We implemented our system as a location-based search engine that uses geo-tweets by Twitter users to learn about places. We evaluated the coverage and relevance of our system by comparing it against current state-of-the-art approaches including page-rank (Google Local Search), expert-based (Zagat) and user-review based (Yelp). Our results show that a crowd-sourced location-based service returns results that match those returned by current approaches in relevance, at a substantially lower cost.
Periprocedural warfarin reversal with prothrombin complex concentrate.

Abstract Introduction Approximately 10% of chronically anticoagulated patients require an invasive procedure annually. One in 10 procedures is emergent and requires prompt anticoagulation reversal. The study objective is to determine the safety and efficacy of a 3 factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) for periprocedural anticoagulation reversal. Materials and Methods Consecutive patients receiving 3 factor PCC for warfarin reversal for either urgent/emergent invasive procedures or major bleeding were analyzed. Primary endpoints included percent achieving INR Results Between January 1, 2010–December 31, 2012, 52 patients were treated with PCC for pre-procedural warfarin reversal and 113 patients for major bleeding. Within the peri-procedure group, there were 24 intra-abdominal surgeries, 12 percutaneous interventions, 6 cardiothoracic surgeries, 5 orthopedic and 3 endoscopic procedures. INR values Conclusions Although PCC therapy promptly and effectively reverses INR values for patients requiring urgent/emergent invasive procedure both thromboembolic and fatal complications are soberingly high and call for judicious use of these agents in these high risk populations.
TRANSPLANTATION OF THE BICEPS FEMORIS FOR THE RELIEF OF QUADRICEPS FEMORIS PARALYSIS IN RESIDUAL POLIOMYELITIS

I. In a series of sixty-three cases, transplantation of the biceps femoris forward to replace or to reenforce the quadriceps femoris was found to be a highly satisfactory procedure. II. The operation should not be done in the presence of deformity of the knee or hip, in the absence of sufficient posterior support of the knee, or unless there is reasonable hope that mechanical support can be discarded. III. The essential points to be observed in a well executed operation are: 1. Preparation of an adequate patellar bed into which the tendon is to be inserted. 2. Sufficient freeing of the biceps femoris muscle upward to insure the maximum obliquity of pull. 3. Suturing the tendon firmly to its new insertion under tension and with the knee and hip in full extension. IV. The stage of muscle reeducation determines to a great degree the success or failure of the transplant. The important points to be remembered are: 1. Early institution of exercises, baking, and massage (third or fourth week). 2. Mechanical support of the transplant for at least a year. 3. Faithful daily exercises over a period of at least twelve to eighteen months directed at both extension and flexion of knee. V. Complications and failures are for the most part avoidable if the cases are properly selected and the treatment properly carried out.
A robust and facile approach to assembling mobile and highly-open unfrustrated triangular lattices from ferromagnetic nanorods.

A simple and widely applicable approach to assemble long-range two-dimensional mobile arrays of functionalized nickel nanorods with tunable and “highly open” lattice structures is presented. The magnetic assembly of uniformly oriented nanorods in triangular lattices was achieved by a phase separation of the surface confined yet mobile vertical nanorods driven by a gradient magnetic field. In contrast to known approaches, the unfrustrated lattices can be further locked in place allowing for the removal of the applied magnetic field and processing without disrupting the initial order with different symmetries precisely assembled and locked in their position on the same substrate. We suggest that the tunable assemblies of magnetic nanorods provide a versatile platform for downstream handling of open lattice arrays for eventual device integration.
Investigating the effects of a line extension or new brand introduction on market structure

Market structure has been characterized by the locations of brands in the perceptual space of households (perceptual map) and the importance weights associated with the attributes of this map. It is hypothesized that a line extension or a new brand introduced into this market could potentially affect the brand locations or the importance weights. We show how a simple extension of a recent approach to market structure analysis enables us to empirically identify which, if any, of these two aspects of market structure is affected by the line extension or new brand. An empirical application to the detergent product market is provided.
A non-linear non-weight method for multi-criteria decision making

We apply the Perron theorem in multi-attribute decision making. We create a comparison matrix for decision alternatives and prove that the matrix is almost-always primitive. We use the limiting power of the matrix multiplied by a standard vector, which leads to a positive eigenvector of the matrix, as the ranking vector for decision alternatives. The proposed method does not require domain experts to assign weights for decision criteria as usually demanded by the weighted-sum model. The new method is simple to use and generates reasonable result as illustrated by an example of ranking best hospitals over twelve criteria. We also demonstrate that the weightedsum methods may not be able to reveal all possible rankings. We give one example showing that a weighted-sum method collapsed thirteen distinct rankings into a single ranking and another example showing that the weighted-sum methods could not produce the ranking that is unrenderable by linear functions.
Urological Presentations of Nonhodgkin’s Lymphomas

AbstractWe present 8 patients with nonHodgkin’s lymphoma to illustrate the variety of urological problems that can occur in this group of malignancies. The great majority of cases with urogenital involvement have advanced disease and cannot be cured by an operation alone. Urological intervention is most useful to obtain tissue for diagnosis and to preserve renal function while chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy dissolves the tumor.
Resolving the source of blue luminescence from alkyl-capped silicon nanoparticles synthesized by laser pulse ablation

Photoluminescence from alkyl-capped silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) synthesized by laser ablation of silicon in 1-octene is found to originate from two distinct species: narrowband UV-emitting alkyl-capped Si NPs and broadly tuneable (350–500 nm) emission associated with a solvent by-product. Our results demonstrate the need to effectively separate solvent by-products, a step which is often overlooked in ablation studies, before characterizing the optical properties of ablation-synthesized NPs for luminescence applications.
Transnational Conglomerates and the Economics of Dependent Development: A Case Study of the International Electrical Oligopoly and Brazil’s Electrical Industry

(1984). Transnational Conglomerates and the Economics of Dependent Development: A Case Study of the International Electrical Oligopoly and Brazil’s Electrical Industry. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 944-947.
Scaling-up MAP and marginal MAP inference in Markov logic

Introduction Markov Logic Networks (Domingos and Lowd 2009) (MLNs) use a few weighted first-order logic formulas to represent large probabilistic graphical models and are ideally suited for representing both relational and probabilistic knowledge in a wide variety of application domains such as, NLP, computer vision, and robotics. However, inference in them is hard because the graphical models can be extremely large, having millions of variables and features (potentials). Therefore, several lifted inference algorithms that exploit relational structure and operate at the compact first-order level, have been developed in recent years. However, the focus of much of existing research on lifted inference is on marginal inference while algorithms for MAP and marginal MAP inference are far less advanced. The aim of the proposed thesis is to fill this void, by developing next generation inference algorithms for MAP and marginal MAP inference.
The Effect of Polarization on the Quantum Radar Cross Section Response

The quantum radar cross section (QRCS) is a measure of how electromagnetically “large” an object appears to a quantum radar. The fundamental mechanism that creates the return response is the interaction between the atomic electric dipole moments and the incoming photon. This paper derives the QRCS equation considering the effect of photon polarization in this interaction, as well as providing a means to study bistatic radar geometries. It is found that under normal circumstances, polarization plays no role in the target response. However, if the target’s atomic dipoles are all aligned in one particular direction, such as if the object is in a strong uniform or slowly varying field, polarization has a significant effect on the response by allowing us to “steer” the location of a null to any observation angle desired. Furthermore, scattering can be suppressed in a very large range of scattering angles (not just one) if the polarization of the object and photon are chosen judiciously. It will be shown that this effect is unique to quantum radar and has no classical counterpart.