cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nodal structure and phase shifts of zero-incident-energy wave functions: Multiparticle single-channel scattering.

For potential scattering, with ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{L}$(k) the phase shift modulo \ensuremath{\pi} for an incident wave number k, Levinson's theorem gives ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{L}$(0)-${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{L}$(\ensuremath{\infty}) in terms of ${N}_{L}$, the number of bound states of angular momentum L, for ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{L}$(k) assumed to be a continuous function of k. ${N}_{L}$ also determines the number of nodes of the zero-energy wave function ${u}_{L}$(r). A knowledge of the nodal structure and of the absolute value of ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{L}$(0) is very useful in theoretical studies of low-energy potential scattering. Two preliminary attempts, one formal and one ``physical,'' are made to extend the above results to single-channel scattering by a compound system initially in its ground state. The nodal structure will be of greater interest to us here than an extension of Levinson's theorem.The formal approach is applied to ${e}^{+}$-H and ${e}^{+}$-He scattering. Both H and He have zero orbital angular momentum and a nodeless ground-state wave function ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{T}$. An effective one-body wave function ${u}_{L}$ for the positron incident with zero kinetic energy can be constructed by factoring out the spin and Euler-angle dependence of the full scattering wave function \ensuremath{\Psi} and projecting the remaining ``radial'' function ${R}_{L}$ onto ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{T}$.The nodal surfaces of ${R}_{L}$ are shown to divide configuration space into at most ${N}_{L}$+1 subdomains, where ${N}_{L}$ is the number of composite bound states of the given L. Since ${N}_{L}$=0 for ${e}^{+}$-H and ${e}^{+}$-He, it follows that ${u}_{L}$ is nodeless and that ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{L}$(0)=0, for all L. Partial but useful information on the nodal structure of \ensuremath{\Psi} for ${e}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$-H scattering is also deduced. Interestingly, nodal surfaces exist which are not consistent with a naive generalization of (bound-state) one-dimensional Sturm-Liouville theory.The physical arguments, based on the qualitative concept of an effective central potential seen by each target particle and by the incident particle P, strengthen a previous surmise on the value of ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{\mathrm{LJ}}$(0) for ${e}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$-atom scattering and for the scattering of neutrons or protons by a heavy nucleus; L and J are the quantum numbers of the incident P, and ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{T}$ is assumed to have zero spin and zero orbital angular momentum, but ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{T}$ need not be nodeless, and P need not be distinguishable. Roughly, the surmise is that ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{\mathrm{LJ}}$(0)=${K}_{\mathrm{LJ}}$\ensuremath{\pi}, where, for the given L and J, ${K}_{\mathrm{LJ}}$ is the number of composite bound states plus the number of one-particle states excluded by the Pauli principle.
Micro-relay reliability improvement by inkjet-printed microshell encapsulation

A low-thermal-budget nanoparticle inkjet-printed microshell encapsulation technology is successfully applied to a micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) relay, and is demonstrated to mitigate the issue of contact oxidation. Specifically, the stability of the relay ON-state resistance is dramatically improved by more than a factor of 100.
Social interactions among adult male langurs (Presbytis entellus) at Rajaji Wildlife Sanctuary

A population of langurs (Presbytis entellus)at the Rajaji Wildlife Sanctuary in northern India was investigated for 1820 hr throughout a 10-month period in 1978. Data were collected from four bisexual troops and the adult males that ranged outside of bisexual troops. Most (60%) of the observation hours occurred with a main study troop from which social and ecological data were collected. The langur population at Rajaji shows pronounced birth and mating seasons. The population density is high (ca. 80/km 2), with about 75% of the adult males living outside of bisexual troops, which typically are large and multimale. Males outside of bisexual troops occur in small all-male bands or as isolates. Relations between bisexual troops and all-male bands are characterized by relatively low levels of aggression, and members of all-male bands are able to associate with bisexual troops for prolonged periods during the mating season. As a result of these associations, nontroop males are about as successful as troop males in achieving reproductive access to troop females. These associations between bisexual troops and all-male bands occurred with a minimal amount of agonistic behavior and without mortality or injury to troop females or immatures.
Characterization of cellular proteins recognizing the HIV enhancer using a microscale DNA-affinity precipitation assay

Numerous nucleic acid sequence motifs have been identified as transcriptional regulatory elements, and proteins involved in the control of gene replication and transcription have been successfully purified using nucleic acid affinity procedures1–5. We have developed an assay that allows direct characterization of cellular proteins binding to the enhancer element of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is analogous to immunoprecipitation techniques. In extracts of H9 cells, a human CD4+ lymphoblast line clonally selected for its ability to support HIV replication6,7, we find a class of proteins that interact specifically with the HIV enhancer. Reproducible high-resolution, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has allowed us to resolve these proteins into two major sets. One set is common to H9 cells, two human B-lymphoblast lines, and a phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human CD4+ lymphoblast line (Jurkat). A second set of proteins is found only in H9 cells. Thus, with this assay we have identified HIV enhancer-binding proteins that are constitutive or inducible and that are cell-type specific.
FUSE-binding protein is developmentally regulated and is highly expressed in mouse and chicken embryonic brain

GAP-43 modulates axon guidance and neuronal plasticity. In vitro, FUSE-binding protein (FBP) binds to a segment of GAP-43 mRNA which regulates the stability of the transcript. FBP has also been shown to bind to a c-myc cis element and regulate transcription. In the current work, analysis of RNA and protein expression indicated that FBP is expressed in a distinct spatial temporal pattern during embryonic development. Expression was particularly high in the brain. In the adult, expression was not detected in most tissues but was still prominent in the brain and teste. This finding is consistent with a dual role of the protein as a single-strand polynucleotide-binding protein.
Wide Band Series Switch Fabricated Using Metal As Sacrificial layer

Series switches with metal-to-metal contact have been fabricated to operate from dc to 40 GHz. The insertion loss has been measured to be less than 0.4 dB at 5 GHz and 0.8 dB at 40 GHz when switch is on and the isolation ranges from 38 dB at 2 GHz to 15 dB at 40 GHz when the switch is off. The results agree well with simulation by Zeland IE3D. Cantilever beam is used as the mechanical structure and CPW line works as the transmission line. The cantilever is made of SiO2 and Al is used as the sacrificial layer.
Synthesis of 15N-enriched pseudouridine derivatives

[reaction: see text]. A procedure for the chemical synthesis of [3-15N]-labeled pseudouridine and a methylated derivative was developed. A suitably protected pseudouridine precursor was nitrated at N3 followed by treatment with 15NH4Cl to afford the 15N-labeled product in six steps with a 20% yield. This methodology will allow for the production of RNAs with [3-15N]pseudouridine and [3-15N-methyl]pseudouridine at specific locations.
Diseases of chickpea, lentil, pigeon pea, and tepary bean in Continental United States and Puerto Rico

The Leguminosae (pea or bean family) are composed of some 690 genera and 18,000 species (Purseglove, 1968). It is the second largest family of seed plants (following the Gramineae) (Aykroyd and Doughty, 1964). Within the Leguminosae, there are 18-20 species that are cultivated widely for their edible seeds which are high in protein (17-25+%) (Aykroyd and Doughty, 1964). The seeds of legumes are second only to cereals as the most important source of food for humans and animals (National Academy of Sciences, 1979). The term food legume generally is given to species of Leguminosae, the seeds, pods, and/or leaves of which are eaten by humans. The word pulse is used in some countries colonized by Great Britain, like India and Pakistan, to denote the dry, mature seeds which are consumed by humans. A chronic protein deficiency exists in most developing countries of the world (Mayer, 1976). In these countries food legumes usually provide the main, and at times the only, source of protein and essential amino acids in the diets of poorer inhabitants for social, economic, or religious reasons. Legumes are an important complement to diets heavily dependent on high carbohydrate foods (cereals and root and tuber crops) (National Academy of Sciences, 1979). In the United States and its territories, several food legumes are grown on a commercial scale. After soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (which are also classified as oil crops), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume cultivated in the United States (USDA, 1979a). The seeds of some food legumes, like bean, pea (Pisum sativum L.), soybean, and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) are exported in large quantities and aid in correcting the nation's sizeable balance of trade deficits (USDA, 1979a). In most developed countries of the world, with the exception of Japan, food legumes are consumed in small amounts, and, therefore, contribute minimally to satisfying daily protein requirements. Protein from animal sources satisfies most of that need, but this is a very inefficient method of producing protein (Mayer, 1976). With the recent dramatic rise in the cost of energy and nitrogenous fertilizers, a search will be made to find cheaper, energy-saving methods of increasing food production. Food legumes will undoubtedly assume a more important role in providing a larger share of the protein requirements of the inhabitants of many developed countries, including the United States, particularly as the price of
High Charge State Heavy Ion Production from a PIG Source

The comparison of pulsed vs. dc arc operation for nitrogen and argon shows a shift in charge distribution toward the higher charge states for the pulsed case. Tests with various magnetic field shapes along the arc column show a significant increase in high charge state output for a uniform field compared to the case with a field low at the cathodes.
Stimulus context and duration discrimination

The ability of human observers to discriminate duration was assessed in two types of tasks: (1) pulse tasks, in which the observer compared the duration of two brief increments in an ongoing sinusoid, and (2) gap tasks, in which the observer compared the duration of two brief interruptions in an ongoing sinusoid. Performance in these tasks was assessed in three different contexts: noise alone, noise plus continuous sinusoids, and noise plus continuous sinusoids chosen to induce a pitch segregation effect. Performance in the pulse task was independent of the changes in context; however, performance in the gap task changed as a function of context condition. There was a large decrement in the observers’ ability to discriminate duration when the stimulus ensemble induced the pitch segregation effect. The results are discussed in terms of the relationship between duration discrimination and stimulus variations which do not carry duration information.
Metrics for Diagnosing Negative Mass and Stiffness when Uncoupling Experimental and Analytical Substructures

Recently, a new substructure coupling/uncoupling approach has been introduced, called Modal Constraints for Fixture and Subsystem (MCFS) [Allen, Mayes, & Bergman, Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, 2010]. This method reduces ill-conditioning by imposing constraints on substructure modal coordinates instead of the physical interface coordinates. The experimental substructure is tested in a free-free configuration, and the interface is exercised by attaching a flexible fixture. An analytical representation of the fixture is then used to subtract its effects in order to create an experimental model for the subcomponent of interest. However, it has been observed that indefinite mass and stiffness matrices can be obtained for the experimental substructure in some situations. This paper presents two simple metrics that can be used by the analyst to determine the cause of indefinite mass or stiffness matrices after substructure uncoupling. The metrics rank the experimental and fixture modes based upon their contribution to offending negative eigenvalues. Once the troublesome modes have been identified, they can be inspected and often reveal why the mass has become negative. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the metrics and to illustrate the physical phenomena that they reveal.
HIT Implementation in Critical Access Hospitals: Extent of Implementation and Business Strategies Supporting IT Use

Small rural hospitals face considerable financial and personnel resource shortages which hinder their efforts to implement complex health information technology (HIT) systems. A survey on the use of HIT was completed by 85% of Iowa's 82 Critical Access Hospitals (CAH). Analyses indicate that low IT staffing in CAHs is a barrier to implementing HIT solutions. CAHs with fewer staff tend to employ alternative business strategies. There is a clear relationship between having IT staff at a CAH and the types of technologies used. Many CAHs report having difficulty expanding upon HIT functionalities due to the challenges of finding IT staff with healthcare expertise. Most CAHs are in the transition point of planning for or beginning implementation of complex clinical information systems. Strategies for addressing these challenges will need to evolve as the HIT investments by rural hospitals race to keep pace with the goals for the nation.
ELECTRICAL AND SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF THE EFFECTS OF DC ELECTRIC FIELDS ON PRE-MIXED PROPANE-AIR FLAMES

The effects of DC electric fields on temperature distributions within pre-mixed propane-air flames have been measured by the technique of thin filament pyrometry (TFP). We have focussed on the dramatic electric-field-induced modifications of the shape and size of the inner cone and the concomitant changes in the temperature profiles of fuel-rich mixtures with equivalence ratios of 1-1.35. Temperature profile measurements show large decreases in the reaction zone volume that is dependent upon the applied voltage polarity, indicating that electron impact excitation is not responsible for the observed effects. Additionally, the observed flame temperature profile modifications are not strongly dependent on the flow velocity. The TFP results have been verified by spectroscopic measurements of the rotational temperature of the CH(A2Δ X2Π) emission band at 431 nm. Due to the better coupling of the field to the flame in the present experiments, the magnitude of the externally applied voltage necessary to produce large changes in inner cone geometry are substantially smaller than those used in previous experiments. Electrical measurements that have been made include vertical and horizontal variations of the floating potential within the flames, and bulk current and voltage characteristics. High-speed imaging of the flame response to pulsed DC voltage has been performed to investigate the dynamics of the ionic wind effects. All measurements are consistent with the observed flame perturbations being a fluid mechanical response to the applied field.
Urticaria following varicella vaccine associated with gelatin allergy

An uncommon reaction to varicella vaccine has been urticaria. Based on two reports of urticaria believed to be due to gelatin in recipients of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, we suspected gelatin as the cause of generalized urticaria in two children after varicella vaccination. Intradermal testing with gelatin yielded a wheal and flare reaction in both children. We conclude that children known to be allergic to gelatin should not receive Oka/Merck varicella vaccine (VARIVAX).
Immune Responses to Infection

This article outlines the inflammatory and immune response to infection, a complex physiologic process targeted at removing foreign invaders, or pathogens, from the body. The critical care nurse must understand the inflammatory and immune responses to infection to appreciate the local and systemic effects of infection in the body and the rationale for treatment modalities.
Levels and degrees of emergence: toward a matrix of complexity in entrepreneurship

Emergence is at the core of entrepreneurship research, which has explored the coming-into-being of opportunities, new organisations, re-organisations, and new industries, agglomerations, and so on. Emergence is also at the theoretical core of complexity science, which is dedicated to exploring how and why emergence happens in dynamic systems like entrepreneurship. I propose a definition for emergence, which leads to the notion that emergence can occur in ‘degrees’ – from 1st-degree emergence to 2nd-degree and 3rd-degree emergence. Next, I provide a complexity-based explanation for the driver of emergence – ‘opportunity tension’, which sparks the entrepreneuring process. Finally, I draw from recent analyses of emergence to identify a process-theory of order creation, and show how this is driven or sparked by entrepreneuring. This leads to a matrix of emergence in entrepreneurship, which captures the degrees of emergence across the levels of entrepreneurial organising.
The epinephrine effect in renal angiography revisited

The effect of various doses of epinephrine on the renal vessels was studied angiographically in 15 kidneys including three renal tumours. Commonly used doses (10–25 μ g) are often too high as demonstrated in this study. Our findings indicate that the optimal dose for pharmacoangiography of renal masses should be 2–5 μ g of epinephrine. The time interval between drug administration and angiography should be less than 1 min and optimally in the range of 10–30 s.
Challenges and Options for Increasing the Number of Americans with Health Insurance

This paper provides an overview of the issues confronting policymakers who want to develop programs to help working Americans obtain health insurance. It sets the stage for the following 10 articles, which detail a variety of proposals to offer subsidies and financial incentives to people so they will purchase health coverage. This paper examines challenges to covering the uninsured, describes principles that should be used in assessing policy proposals aimed at this purpose, and evaluates the main strategies for coverage expansions. The evaluation of proposal categories also provides estimates of the costs and consequences of specific proposals described in the other papers.
Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) and Respiratory Center Function in the Preterm Neonate: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial. † 1480

Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) and Respiratory Center Function in the Preterm Neonate: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial. † 1480
TH‐C‐19A‐06: Measurements with a New Commercial Synthetic Single Crystal Diamond Detector

Purpose: A commercial version of a synthetic single crystal diamond detector in a Scottky diode configuration was recently released as the new type 60019 microDiamond detector (PTW-Freiburg). In this study we investigate the dosimetric properties of this detector and explore if the use of the microDiamond detector can be expanded to high energy photon beams of up to 15MV and to large field measurements. Methods: Energy dependency was investigated. Photon and electron depth-dose curves were measured. Photon PDDs were measured with the Semiflex type 31010, microLion type 31018, P-Diode type 60016, SRS Diode type 60018, and the microDiamond type 60019 detector. Electron depth-dose curves were measured with a Markus chamber type 23343, an E Diode type 60017 and the microDiamond type 60019 detector (all PTW-Freiburg). Profiles were measured with the E-Diode and microDiamond at dose maximum depths. Results: The microDiamond detector shows no energy dependence in high energy photon or electron dosimetry. Electron PDD measurements with the E-Diode and microDiamond are in good agreement except for the bremsstrahlungs region, where values are about 0.5 % lower with the microDiamond detector. Markus detector measurements agree with E-Diode measurements in this region. For depths larger than dmax, depth-dose curves of photon beams measured with the microDiamond detector are in close agreement to those measured with the microLion detector for small fields and with those measured with a Semiflex 0.125cc ionization chamber for large fields. For profile measurements, microDiamond detector measurements agree well with microLion and P-Diode measurements in the high-dose region and the penumbra region. For areas outside the open field, P-Diode measurements are about 0.5–1.0% higher than microDiamond and microLion measurements. Conclusion: The investigated diamond detector is suitable for a wide range of applications in high energy photon and electron dosimetry and is interesting for relative as well as absolute dosimetry.
Magnetic flux balance in the heliosphere

Understanding the evolution of magnetic flux in the heliosphere remains an unresolved issue. The current solar minimum between cycles 23 and 24 is anomalously long, which gives rare insight into the long-term evolution of heliospheric magnetic flux when the coronal mass ejection (CME) rate and the flux emergence rate from CMEs were very low. The precipitous drop of heliospheric magnetic flux to levels lower than have ever been observed directly shows that there may be a persistent loss of open magnetic flux through disconnection, the reconnection between opposite polarity heliospheric magnetic field lines relatively near the Sun (beneath the Alfven point). Here, we develop a model for the levels of magnetic flux in the inner heliosphere balancing new flux injected by CMEs, flux lost through disconnection, and closed flux lost through interchange reconnection near the Sun. This magnetic flux balance is a fundamental property that regulates the plasma and radiation environment of our solar system.
The Inherent Complexities of Gene–Environment Interactions

The article outlines the complexities of gene-environment interactions in the determination of human disease, especially as they relate to aging, and stresses the importance of continuing such studies, in spite of their inherent difficulties. First, a capsule review of the literature pertaining to studies of gene-environment interactions is presented, and designs and methodologies used to detect these interactions are briefly discussed. Second, research questions and problems that can be addressed as outcomes of gene-environment interaction studies are exemplified. Third, a number of illustrative examples of gene-environment interactions are presented. Fourth, various types of gene-environment interactions are briefly discussed. Fifth, concluding remarks are offered, and possibilities of studying gene-environment interaction within social and biological research on aging are outlined.
Evidence for the Involvement of Guanosine 3′,5′-Cyclic Moiiophosphate in the Regulation of Gonadotropin Release

Addition of dibutyryl adenosine 3′,5′- cyclic monophosphate (DBcAMP) or dibutyryl guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (DBcGMP; 1–6 mM) to enzymatically dispersed, overnight-cultured rat anterior pituitary cell preparations stimulated the release of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) from the cells into the incubation medium. Stimulation of gonadotropin release by DBcGMP was observed after only 10 min of incubation, whereas that caused by DBcAMP appeared at 180 min. Synthetic LHRH (2.5 × 10-9 M) induced a small, transient increase in intracellular cAMP content (+16%, P < 0.05, after 5 min coincubation), while levels of cGMP in the same cells were rapidly and markedly low for 2 h. The decrease in cGMP content was accompanied by a discharge of gonadotropins lasting for 2 h, which was detectable after 5 min in the case of LH and after 10 min in the case of FSH. These results strongly suggest that cGMP might be an intracellular mediator in the process of LHRH-stimulated release of gonadotropins.
Inhibition of insulin-like growth factor signaling in ovarian carcinoma cells significantly potentiates paclitaxel cytotoxicity

4748 Objective: To evaluate the ability of a small molecule inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R) tyrosine kinase, NVP-AEW541, to block insulin-like growth factor signaling in ovarian cancer cells and to enhance Taxol cytotoxicity. Methods: Immunoprecipitation and western blot analyses were used to evaluate the ability of NVP-AEW541 to inhibit IGF1R autophosphorylation and downstream signaling in ovarian carcinoma cells (A2780, OVCAR8, HEY). To evaluate the interaction of NVP-AEW541 and Taxol, cells were treated with NVP-AEW541, Taxol, and combinations of both drugs. Taxol and NVP-AEW541 were combined in a variety of ways, utilizing fixed and non-fixed molar ratios; cytotoxicity experiments were performed in complete growth medium containing 10% serum. The fraction of viable cells, compared with untreated cells, was determined by protein staining using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and by colorimetric measurement of cellular reductive capacity (Promega MTS Assay). Calcusyn software was used to generate dose-response curves and calculate the IC50 (dose which results in 50% inhibition of proliferation). The combination index (CI) method of Chou and Talalay was used for the determination of synergy, wherein CI values less than 1 indicate synergy. Results: Western blot analyses demonstrate that NVP-AEW541 suppresses IGF1R autophosphorylation and downstream AKT phosphorylation resulting from IGF1 or IGF2 stimulation in ovarian carcinoma cells. The presence of NVP-AEW541 significantly potentiates suppression of proliferation by Taxol. In A2780 cells, 1 μM NVP-AEW541 is sufficient to decrease the Taxol IC50 to 0.48 ±0.06 nM, which is significantly lower than the IC50 of Taxol alone, 1.5 ±0.07 nM (p Conclusions: NVP-AEW541 effectively blocks IGF signaling in ovarian cancer cells. Blockade of IGF signaling with NVP-AEW541 synergistically potentiates Taxol cytotoxicity in ovarian carcinoma cells.
Exploring Teachers' Racial Attitudes in a Racially Transitioning Society

The growing diversity of America's public school enrollment makes it essential that all teachers be prepared for teaching students from diverse backgrounds. This paper explores the racial attitudes of teachers, specifi- cally probing whether, and if so how, they may differ across schools of different student racial contexts. In particular, this paper compares how diverse or segregated schools, conceptualized in three different ways, may impact teachers' racial attitudes and awareness. Teachers' racial attitudes may influence teacher behavior towards students of different racial back- grounds, and relate to other aspects of professional behavior and decision- making. School racial context, particularly racial stability, was found to be an important predictor of teachers' racial attitudes. This paper illuminates important patterns to consider and study further as the racial composition continues to become more diverse and school racial contexts become more complex in terms of composition, stability, and in relation to district composition.
The Development of Newcastle Disease Vaccines

Abstract IT WOULD seem to be in order to review briefly the background of the present status of vaccination against Newcastle disease. The present coordinated research program on this disease was developed at a conference of poultry pathologists held in Baltimore in November of 1946. At this time biological companies were urgently solicited to help develop vaccines which would be useful in controlling the disease. Shortly prior to this time one biological company had already been granted a limited license to produce a killed-virus vaccine. Since that time, several more companies have been granted limited licenses to produce a product of this type. Although it has definitely been demonstrated that killed-virus vaccine has immunizing qualities it also is known to have certain shortcomings, the chief of which is the short duration of immunity. In experiments that Schoening et al. (1949) have conducted there have been instances in which the vaccine did . . .
Silver Impregnation of the Golgi Apparatus, with Subsequent Nitrocellulose Embedding

The appearance of silver impregnation of the Golgi apparatus can be enhanced by the use of nitrocellulose as an embedding medium. Fixation of 1.5 mm thick pieces of fresh tissue for 8 hr in: glycine, 1.7 gm; 15% formalin, 100 ml; HNO3, conc., 0.5 ml, at pH 2.6 followed by rinsing in water, 4 hr in 1.5% AgNO3, another rinse, and 2 hr reduction in 1.5% hydroquinone in 15% formalin. This staining procedure yields consistently good results for rat, rabbit, and human tissues. Low-viscosity nitrocellulose embedding is done by infiltrating at 56 C in 7% nitrocellulose for 0.5 hr, 15% for 4 hr, and 27% for 1 hr. The nitrocellulose is hardened 2 hr in chloroform, after which, sections as thin as 5 μ can be cut on a sliding microtome. Gold toning and counterstaining can be done with the tissue affixed to the slide. The Golgi apparatus is stained dark brown to black, and there is better preservation of cellular detail than in tissues processed in paraffin.
Family availability for the working alliance: a neglected area in child psychiatry training.

Abstract The notion of a working alliance between therapist and patient is widely recognized as necessary but rarely applied to work with families. This paper outlines a phase scheme which conceptualizes different levels of family availability for the working alliance as seen during the diagnostic work-up. Families at each of the four phases present different overt and covert messages to the clinician. The understanding and exploration of the appropriate issues can help the trainee organize a more effective approach to alliance-building with resistant families and reduce early treatment failures.
Rotationally invariant space time constellations

The rotationally invariant space time constellation (RISTC) is defined. Both linear and affine constellations are studied. The RISTC is shown to be generalization of space time codes from the orthogonal design. A space time constellation is said rotationally invariant if for any pair in the set, the squared Euclidean distance is independent of the eigenvectors.
Positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose to predict pathologic response after induction chemotherapy and definitive chemoradiotherapy in head and neck cancer.

Background. Conventional imaging is limited in identifying persistent disease after organ-preserving therapy for patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). We studied the accuracy of positron emission tomography (PET) with 18 F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG-PET) in restaging disease in patients with SCCHN after they had undergone induction chemotherapy (ICT) followed by chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Methods. Forty patients with advanced SCCHN were treated with ICT followed by CRT. FDG-PET imaging was performed to assess for residual cancer at the primary site and in nodal metastases. Two nuclear medicine physicians interpreted PET scans in random sequence. Test characteristics were calculated with pathologic analysis or clinical recurrence as the standard. Results. After induction chemotherapy, PET imaging had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 65% for detecting persistent disease at the primary tumor site. After ICT and CRT were completed, the sensitivity and specificity of PET imaging were 67% and 53%, respectively, for detecting occult disease in cervical lymph nodes. Conclusions. FDG-PET imaging showed some correlation with pathologic response after ICT and CRT in patients with advanced SCCHN. The use of FDG-PET warrants further investigation in this setting. A 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 890 - 896, 2004
Evaluating Individual Group Member Satisfaction as a Situational Variable

Group member satisfaction has a long history in the study of group process. Conceptual and methodological problems have hampered the continued development of this construct. This article examines satisfaction of individual members in task groups and provides an alternative conceptualization and methodology for the construct. Grounded data illustrate the need to conceptualize satisfaction and dissatisfaction as separate constructs, not just polar opposites. Both of these then need to be examined as to their universal and situational impact on group process.
A process and supply variation tolerant nano-CMOS low voltage, high speed, a/d converter for system-on-chip

This paper presents a process variation tolerant, SoC ready, 1 GS/s, 6 bit flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC) suitable for integration into nanoscale digital CMOS technologies. The physical design is carried out with a generic 90 nm Salicide 1.2 V/2.5 V 1 Poly 9 Metal process design kit using Design for Manufacturability (DFM) methodologies. Post-layout simulation results at nominal supply and threshold voltages are presented. The parasitic-extracted physical design of the ADC has been simulated for a supply voltage variation of 10%, and threshold voltage mismatch of 5%. The results show maximum variations of 10.5% and 5.7% in the INL and DNL respectively, with nominal INL = 0.344 LSB and nominal DNL = 0.459 LSB, at a supply voltage of 1.2 V. The ADC consumes a peak power of 5.794 mW and an average power of 3.875 mW. The comparators used in the ADC have been designed using the threshold inverting technique.
The Impact of Immigration Policy on Education Reform: Implications for the New Millennium

This article presents an analysis of how current immigration policy affects educators and their efforts to educate in schools serving immigrant families. The focus was on those factors that play a critical role in meeting the needs of immigrant students including access to schools and school programs; assessment and placement; differentiated curricula; school climate; availability of support services and community involvement. The analysis suggests that immigration policy affects education by its facilitation of a massive increase in school enrollment of immigrant students whose presence is a major stimulus for school restructuring and curricular reform. Furthermore, their level of education will strongly affect the quality of the future labor force and the demand for public services. This indicates that educational leaders must focus on reform efforts that realize, at the minimum, high school graduation and college attendance. Moreover, the public must advocate reforms that encourage naturalization and e...
A simple method for obtaining cross-term-free images for diffusion anisotropy studies in NMR microimaging.

The geometric average of two spin-echo images obtained with opposite polarity diffusion gradients yields cross-term-free images that can be directly compared for diffusion anisotropy. This approach is demonstrated here for free water isotropic diffusion and anisotropic diffusion of water in the phloem system of celery (Apium graveolens). © 1991 Academic Press, Inc.
Low Noise High Power Solid State Laser for 1550 nm Wavelength Band

At Princeton Optronics we have developed a high power diode pumped Er:Yb co-doped phosphate glass laser. We have developed a patented noise reduction technology based on intra-cavity non-linear absorption, which reduces the relative intensity noise (RIN) at the relaxation oscillation frequency by more than 50dB to -130 dB/Hz. In addition we have designed and built high stability lockers for stabilizing the frequency of the laser
Osteogenic protein-1 differentially regulates the mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic proteins and their receptors in primary cultures of osteoblasts.

The mRNA expression patterns of several bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their receptors (BMPRs) in long-term primary cultures of fetal rat calvaria (FRC) cells were examined by Northern analysis. Their temporal orders of expression were correlated with those of several biochemical markers characteristic of osteoblastic cell differentiation. Distinct temporal patterns of expression of BMPs and BMPRs during osteoblastic cell differentiation were observed. BMP-2 and BMP-7 mRNA levels did not change significantly. BMP-4 mRNA expression increased and reached a peak prior to matrix formation. BMP-5 mRNA expression increased during the mineralization phase and BMP-6 mRNA expression increased throughout all phases of cell differentiation. Effects of BMP-7 (Osteogenic Protein-1; OP-1) on the expression patterns of several other members of the BMP family and the receptors were also studied. OP-1 downregulated the BMP-4, -5, and -6 mRNA levels by a maximal of 2-fold, 1.5-fold, and 6-fold, respectively. OP-1 did not change significantly the OP-1 and BMP-2 mRNA expression. Of the three type I BMPR examined, OP-1 upregulated ActR-I and BMPR-IA mRNA expression slightly but with statistical significance. OP-1 downregulated BMPR-IB mRNA expression slightly. OP-1 upregulated BMPR-II mRNA expression by a maximum of 2-fold. Our findings demonstrate that OP-1 differentially regulates the mRNA expression of several related members of the BMP family and their receptors in osteoblasts. The observations suggest that OP-1 action on osteoblastic cells involves a complex regulation of gene expression of related members of the BMP family and their receptors in a cell differentiation stage dependent manner. J. Cell. Physiol. 185:87–97, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Relation between Intimacy and Humor

A number of studies have shown that humor is associated with interpersonal competence so it was hypothesized that a high level of intimacy is associated with a high level of humor. The Measures of ...
Radiation is an important component of multimodality therapy for pediatric non-pineal supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors

Purpose To review a historical cohort of pediatric patients with supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (sPNET), to clarify the role of radiation in the treatment of these tumors. Patients and Methods Fifteen children aged Results The median follow-up from diagnosis for all patients was 31 months (range, 0.5–165 months) and for surviving patients was 49 months (range, 10–165). Of the 5 patients who received up-front RT, all were alive without evidence of disease at a median follow-up of 50 months (range, 25–165 months). Only 5 of the 10 patients who did not receive up-front RT were alive at last follow-up. There was a statistically significant difference in overall survival between the patient group that received up-front RT and the group that did not ( p = 0.048). In addition, we found a trend toward a statistically significant improvement in overall survival for those patients who received gross total resections ( p = 0.10). Conclusions Up-front RT and gross total resection may confer a survival benefit in patients with sPNET. Local failure was the dominant pattern of recurrence. Efforts should be made to determine patients most likely to have local failure exclusively or as a first recurrence, in order to delay or eliminate craniospinal irradiation.
Indoleamine Analogs as Probes of the Substrate Selectivity and Catalytic Mechanism of Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase*

Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (arylalkylamine N-ace-tyltransferase (AANAT)) catalyzes the reaction of serotonin (or tryptamine) with acetyl-CoA to formN-acetylserotonin (or N-acetyltryptamine) and is responsible for the melatonin circadian rhythm in vertebrates. This study evaluates a series of indoleamine analogs as alternate substrates of AANAT. 3-Indolepropylamine and 3-indolebutylamine were chemically synthesized and found to be processed by AANAT, although 20- and 60-fold less efficiently compared with the natural substrate serotonin, respectively. Racemic α-methyltryptamine and N ω-methyltryptamine were also shown to be substrates for AANAT, again with reducedk cat and k cat/K m compared with serotonin. The enzyme did exhibit ∼9:1 stereoselectivity for theR-enantiomer of α-methyltryptamine versus theS-enantiomer. By measuring the enzymatic ratesversus increasing buffer microviscosity, it was demonstrated that diffusional release of product is most likely the principal rate-determining step for the enzymatic transformation of tryptamine (which has similar k cat and k cat/K m compared with serotonin). Analysis of k cat and k cat/K m versuspH for the poor substrateN ω-methyltryptamine showed that an ionizable group on the enzyme with pK a ∼ 7, required to be in its deprotonated form, may be important in catalysis. The α-methyltryptamine analog α-trifluoromethyltryptamine was not processed by the enzyme, but served as a modest competitive inhibitor. Taken together with the pH-rate analysis, these results favor a model in which the serotonin substrate binds to the enzyme as the positively charged ammonium salt, and nucleophilicity of the amine is important in enzyme-catalyzed acetyl transfer.
Improving Bayesian Network parameter learning using constraints

This paper describes a new approach to unify constraints on parameters with training data to perform parameter estimation in Bayesian networks of known structure. The method is general in the sense that any convex constraint is allowed, which includes many proposals in the literature. Driven by a maximum entropy criterion and the imprecise Dirichlet model, we present a constrained convex optimization formulation to combine priors, constraints and data. Experiments indicate benefits of this framework.
An implant-free AlGaAs/GaAs HBT IC technology incorporating 1.4 THz Schottky diodes

A non-self-aligned HBT (heterojunction bipolar transistor) process capable of 45 GHz f/sub T/ and f/sub max/ with 1.4-THz Schottky diodes is reported. An HBT divide-by-eight prescalar circuit clocks at 13.5 GHz and a pulser circuit using Schottky diodes demonstrates 8.6-ps rise time. This process provides Schottky diodes suitable for sampler/pulser applications as well as nichrome resistors, MIM capacitors, and air-bridge inductors. The process does not use ion-implantation for isolation or reduction of collector capacitance. >
A new family of modulation schemes for land mobile radio

Achievable spectral efficiency in land-mobile radio (LMR) systems is limited by adjacent-channel interference (ACI) specifications. Spectral efficiency can be improved by using digital modulation schemes. With linear modulation schemes, intermodulation products produced by non-linear power amplifiers lead to increased ACI. In this paper, a new family of linear modulation schemes called envelope-constrained modulation schemes is introduced to improve the spectral efficiency of LMR systems using quasilinear power amplifiers. These modulation schemes exhibit low envelope variations and thus ease the linearity requirements on the power amplifier. Also, power savings can be realized by incorporating coded modulation. An analytical evaluation of the performance is performed to illustrate the gain achievable using the new modulation schemes.
Angular-differential cross sections for H(2p) formation in intermediate-energy proton-helium collisions.

Angular-differential cross sections for charge transfer with simultaneous emission of a photon in collisions of protons with helium atoms have been measured. The incident proton energies were 25, 50, and 100 keV and the center-of-mass scattering angles were between 0 and 2.0 mrad. In the experiment, hydrogen atoms that scattered through an angle \ensuremath{\theta} were detected in coincidence with photons emitted perpendicular to the scattering plane with a wavelength between 1140 and 1400 \AA{}. Differential cross sections for capture into the 2p state of the hydrogen atom were determined from the variation in the coincidence signal with \ensuremath{\theta}. The experimental results are compared with the results of a classical trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) simulation and with the results of a calculation for H(2p) capture using the Coulomb-Brinkman-Kramers (CBK) approximation. The agreement between the experimental results and the CTMC calculation is good at all three energies while the agreement between the shape of the data and the CBK calculation is good at 50 and 100 keV.
Ontogeny and Allometry of Body Shape in the Blacktail Shiner, Cyprinella venusta

Abstract Ontogenetic changes in body shape and its associated allometry were studied in the Blacktail Shiner, Cyprinella venusta, using geometric morphometric methods. We used a single, large sample (n = 397; 182 males, 215 females), collected in Catahoula Creek, Jourdan River drainage, Hancock County, Mississippi. Ten body landmarks were digitized from each specimen, which yielded partial warp scores that were used as shape variables to describe body shape change during ontogeny, assess sexual dimorphism, and investigate the relationship between reproductive status and ontogenetic body shape change. We also assessed the effect of sexual dimorphism on size and body shape. The null hypothesis of isometry during ontogeny was strongly rejected by multivariate regression of shape on size for both sexes (males, P < 0.0001, F = 21.970; females, P < 0.0001, F = 16.238). We found large, highly significant sexually dimorphic differences in the body shapes of males and females (MANOVA for overall shape, P < 0.0001,...
Hybrid multi-threaded simulation of agent-based pandemic modeling using multiple GPUs

Epidemiology computation models are crucial for the assessment and control of public health crises. Agent-based simulations of pandemic influenza forecast the infectious disease spreading in order to help public health policy makers during emergencies. In such emergencies, decisions are required for public health preparedness in cycles of less than a day, and the agent-based model should be adaptable and tractable for quick and simple calibration with low computational overhead. GPU accelerated computing involves the use of graphics processing units (GPUs) in combination with the CPU to perform heterogeneous computing by offloading compute-intensive portions of the program to the GPU while the remaining program runs on the CPU. In this paper, we demonstrate the utilization of the hardware environment and software tools and discuss strategies for porting agent-based simulations to multiple GPUs. We further compare the performance of simulations using two or four GPUs with the sequential execution on the CPU, in terms of time and speedup. The multi-GPU implementations exhibit great performance and support populations with up to 100 million individuals.
The Lp boundedness of wave operators for Schrödinger operators with threshold singularities

Abstract Let H = − Δ + V be a Schrodinger operator on L 2 ( R n ) with real-valued potential V for n > 4 and let H 0 = − Δ . If V has sufficiently rapid decay, the wave operators defined as W ± = s − lim t → ± ∞ ⁡ e i t H e − i t H 0 are known to be bounded on L p ( R n ) for all 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞ if zero is not an eigenvalue, and on 1 p n 2 if zero is an eigenvalue. We show that these wave operators are also bounded on L 1 ( R n ) by direct examination of the integral kernel of the leading term. Furthermore, if ∫ R n V ( x ) ϕ ( x ) d x = 0 for all eigenfunctions ϕ, then the wave operators are L p bounded for 1 ≤ p n . If, in addition ∫ R n x V ( x ) ϕ ( x ) d x = 0 , then the wave operators are bounded for 1 ≤ p ∞ .