cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interrelationships between and among social, teaching, and cognitive presence

Abstract The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationships between and among teaching, social, and cognitive presence. To this end, Spearman's rank correlation and partial correlation analyses were employed. The results referred to (a) positive large bivariate correlational relationships between presence types, and (b) the dependence of these pairwise relationships on the third presence to a certain extent. For instance, it was found that cognitive presence may have a strong effect on the relationship between teaching presence and social presence because the relationship between teaching presence and social presence may disappear when cognitive presence is controlled for. On the other hand, results also suggested that the relationship between cognitive presence and social presence, and the relationship between teaching presence and cognitive presence may largely be independent of the effect of the other third presence.
Sentinel Lymph Node Pressure in Breast Cancer

Leakiness of angiogenic tumor vessels results in elevated pressure in primary breast cancers and increased lymphatic flow to sentinel lymph node(s) (SLNs). We hypothesized that a similar pathophysiology in metastatic axillary SLNs would result in increased intranodal pressure (INP). SLNs were “hot” and “blue” after intramammary injection of dilute methylene blue and filtered Tc99 sulfur colloid. Intraoperative pressure was measured in SLNs by a noncoring needle and recording device in 114 breast cancer patients. Excised axillary SLNs were examined by standard pathological techniques and metastases measured, recorded, and compared with INP measurements for SLN #1 and sometimes #2. INP in 131 SLNs with no tumor (SLN #1, n = 93; SLN #2, n = 38) was 9.1 ± 6.2 (SD; range −2, 35) mmHg and 21.4 ± 15.4 mmHg (range 0–50) in 35 tumor-containing SLNs (SLN #1, n = 29; SLN #2, n = 6) (P = 0.0066). Elevated INPs significantly correlated with SLN tumor metastasis sizes (P = 0.0038; r = 0.4904). In two patients, tumor-laden SLNs with high INP were not blue or “hot” while a blue lymphatic bypassed these nodes and was traced to the next echelon tumor-free blue and “hot” nodes with low INP. Breast cancer metastasis in axillary SLNs was associated with significantly higher INP than in tumor-free lymph nodes. When “true” SLNs were replaced by tumor, and the INP levels were very high, lymph flow direction changed; lymphophilic particles (blue dye and radiocolloid) were redirected to the next echelon of nodes, where the pressures were much lower. Mechanical factors may increase the likelihood of metastasis to neighboring lymph nodes with lower INP.
Fibrin glue as a drug delivery system

Fibrin glue has been used surgically for decades for hemostasis as well as a sealant. It has also been researched as both a gel for cell delivery and a vehicle for drug delivery. The drug delivery applications for fibrin glue span tissue engineering to chemotherapy and involve several mechanisms for drug matrix interactions and control of release kinetics. Additionally, drugs or factors can be loaded in the gel via impregnation and tethering to the gel through covalent linkages or affinity-based systems. This review highlights recent research of fibrin glue as a drug delivery vehicle.
Current Sheet Collapse in a Plasma Focus

Collapse of the current sheets in a plasma focus has been recorded simultaneously through slits parallel and perpendicular to the symmetry axis in the streak mode. The dark period following the collapse is due to the plasma moving out of the field of view. Microdensitometric measurements of intensity variation also support this conclusion. A large anisotropy is also found in the x‐ray radiation pattern. Effects of different vacuum vessels were investigated.
On an improved pyrolytic synthesis of [60]- and [70]-fullerene

Abstract The nickel-catalyzed pyrolysis of two fullerene precursors — (1) naphthalene and (2) 1-bromonaphthalene — at 1200°C in an argon atmosphere has been investigated. Fullerenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polycyclic aromatic brominated species (the latter obtained in pyrolysis of 1-bromonaphthalene only) were extracted from the pyrolysates by reflux in toluene. The toluene extracts were subjected to mass spectrometric analysis using the chemical ionization technique in the negative mode. Mass spectra are included with discussions on fullerene yields and on the mechanism by which fullerenes are formed in pyrolysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the toluene-insoluble material.
Endoscopic sphincterotomy assisted by catheterization antegrade

Salky described a technique for gastrostomy-jejunostomy conversion which employs fluroscopy and a J -wire to thread the feeding tube into the proximal small intestine. With the use of the gastroscope, the feeding tube is simply and readily positioned in the duodenum. A similar endoscopic technique has been described by Bernton et a1. for placement of rectal tubes with the aid of the colonoscope. Introduction of the feeding tube through the gastrostomy avoids the discomfort and complications associated with tubes placed through the nose. In addition, the feeding tube can be easily maintained in position while the gastroscope is withdrawn through the pylorus. The introduction of the gastroscope and a feeding tube, beside one another and through the esophagus, frequently results in dislodgment of the feeding tube when the 'scope is withdrawn.
Improving atomic layer deposition process through reactor scale simulation

Abstract In order to modify atomic layer deposition (ALD) characteristics of Al2O3, three-dimensional gas transports and film depositions are investigated through reactor scale simulations inside two different viscous flow reactors. In the top-inlet reactor (TIR), the gaseous species are directly injected into the substrates from the upper surface of the reactor while in the bottom-inlet reactor (BIR), the inlet is at the bottom of the reactor and next to the substrate. The numerical procedure to simulate the ALD process is thoroughly explained by using the multi-species and multi-reaction chemistry phenomena. The reactants are trimethylaluminum (TMA) and ozone, and the simulations are performed in an operating pressure of 10 Torr (1330 Pa) and two substrate temperatures of 250 °C and 300 °C. Due to the chemistry mechanism used in this study, a long ozone exposure is a crucial parameter to deliver a sufficiently oxidized substrate. For a specific reactor type, deposition rates are higher on the hotter substrate due to both a larger surface reaction rate constant and greater concentrations of the oxygen atoms on the substrate. At a fixed substrate temperature, higher deposition rates are obtained by using the TIR. The same deposition rate distributions are obtained among all cycles for each ALD process that result in the dependency of the film thickness only on the numbers of ALD cycles. For the substrate at 250 °C, the growth rates are equal to 3.78 A/cycle and 4.43 A/cycle in the BIR and the TIR, respectively, and for the substrate at 300 °C, the growth rates are equal to 4.52 A/cycle and 6.49 A/cycle in the BIR and the TIR, respectively.
CPU design kit: an instructional prototyping platform for teaching processor design

The CPU Design Kit is a prototyping platform designed at University of California, Santa Cruz, for teaching the Processor Design class. The prototyping platform allows the design and implementation of a 32-bit pipelined CPU. The prototyping hardware consists of an ISA-bus-based printed-circuit board containing six Altera FLEX EPF81500 programmable logic chips providing a total of 80,000 usable gates, static RAM chips to implement register file and caches, and hardware support for monitoring and debugging. A Windows-based user interface provides access to the necessary software tools for downloading designs into the board, debugging, and control of the CPU.
Differences in outcomes between elderly and nonelderly breast cancer patients in Louisiana.

Abstract Introduction Elderly breast cancer patients are diagnosed with a higher stage of disease. They are also found to undergo less surgery, receive more frequently hormonal treatment and have decreased relative survival. The interest of this study was to examine the differences in treatment and survival between elderly versus young (>65 versus Methods The SEER database was searched, and all cases of female breast cancer in the state of Louisiana between 2000 and 2008 were analyzed. Data were stratified by age group and year of occurrence. The SEER definitions for breast cancer, surgery, chemotherapy, elderly populations, young populations, radiation therapy and breast conservative surgery were applied. Results The state prevalence of localized breast cancer is lower compared with the national rate (128.5 versus 144, P P P P 85 age group (127.8 versus 118.5, P Conclusions Differences between young and elderly breast cancer patients were observed. Mortality is higher among elderly breast cancer patients in Louisiana compared with the national average. Further studies are needed to review these differences.
RETROPERITONEAL BRONCHOGENIC CYST MIMICKING A PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA

Bronchogenic cysts are rare benign congenital anomalies representing abnormal budding of the embryonic foregut ventral segment. Histologically they are typified by cilia lined epithelium with focal areas of hyaline cartilage, smooth muscle and bronchial glands. Bronchogenic cysts occur predominantly in the mediastinum and less frequently in the pulmonary interstitium.1 Retroperitoneal variants are exceptionally uncommon.2 We report a case of a retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst that radiologically and clinically mimicked a pheochromocytoma.
Single-Fiber Diffusion Efficiency for Elliptical Fibers

Fibers with elliptical cross-sections have higher surface to volume ratios than those with circular cross-sections and may therefore lead to increased filter collection efficiency. Single-fiber theory and velocity flow fields developed for elliptical fibers can be used to predict collection efficiency by diffusion for elliptical fibers. Utilizing the convective diffusion equation in elliptical coordinates, single-fiber diffusion efficiency was calculated for 4,312 combinations of cross-section aspect ratio, filter solidity, orientation of the cross-section to the air flow, and Peclet number. An empirical expression was developed from the results of these model runs to predict single-fiber diffusion efficiency for any combination of conditions. The equation indicates that diffusion efficiency is most strongly influenced by the Peclet number because decreases in particle size and increases in air velocity affect diffusion substantially. Increases in aspect ratio and solidity also increase the diffusion effi...
Social Identity and Electoral Accountability

In a laboratory experiment, we explore the effects of group identities on the principal-agent relationship between voters and representatives. In an adverse selection framework with observable effort, voters can choose to condition their reelection choices on representatives' effort alone, beliefs about representatives' competence, or both of those jointly. We show that inducing social identities increases the weight of representatives' effort in voters' reelection decisions. Further, when voters and representatives share a social identity, representatives tend to invest less effort and their effort is independent of their competence. In contrast, “out-group” representatives compensate for lower competence with higher effort and reduce effort when voters are likely to perceive them as competent. Voters often adopt laxer retention standards for representatives who are fellow group members and are responsive to evidence of other-regardingness from out-group representatives, but some voters actively resist treating representatives with shared identity more favorably and “overcorrect” as a consequence
Adaptive Behavior Ratings Correlate with Symptomatology and IQ Among Individuals with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders

Caregiver report on the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-II (ABAS) for 40 high-functioning individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and 30 typically developing (TD) individuals matched for age, IQ, and sex ratio revealed global adaptive behavior deficits in ASD, with social skills impairments particularly prominent. Within the ASD group, adaptive communication skills were positively related to IQ while global adaptive functioning was negatively associated with autism symptomatology. Autistic behavior ratings related negatively to ABAS scores in the TD but not the ASD group. This investigation demonstrates: the utility of an adaptive functioning checklist for capturing impairments, even in high-functioning individuals with ASD; and that a relationship between social abilities and autism exists independently of intelligence.
Serologic evidence of frequent human infection with WU and KI polyomaviruses

WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) and KI polyomavirus (KIPyV) are novel human polyomaviruses. They were originally identified in human respiratory secretions, but the extent of human infection caused by these viruses has not been described to date. To determine the seroepidemiology of WUPyV and KIpyIV, we used an ELISA to screen serum samples from 419 patients at the St. Louis Children's Hospital and Barnes-Jewish Hospital during 2007-2008. The age-stratified deidentified samples were examined for antibodies to the major capsid proteins of WUPyV and KIPyV. Seropositivity for each virus was similar; antibody levels were high in the youngest age group (<6 months), decreased to a nadir in the next age group (6 to <12 months), and then steadily increased with subsequent age groups, eventually reaching a plateau of approximate, equals 80% for WUPyV and approximate, equals 70% for KIPyV. These results demonstrate that both KIPyV and WUPyV cause widespread infection in the human population.
Bone Marrow–Derived Cell-Specific Chemokine (C-C Motif) Receptor-2 Expression is Required for Arteriolar Remodeling

Objective— Bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) and inflammatory chemokine receptors regulate arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. Here, we tested whether arteriolar remodeling in response to an inflammatory stimulus is dependent on BMC-specific chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) expression and whether this response involves BMC transdifferentiation into smooth muscle. Methods and Results— Dorsal skinfold window chambers were implanted into C57Bl/6 wild-type (WT) mice, as well as the following bone marrow chimeras (donor-host): WT-WT, CCR2−/−-WT, WT-CCR2−/−, and EGFP+-WT. One day after implantation, tissue MCP-1 levels rose from “undetectable” to 463pg/mg, and the number of EGFP+ cells increased more than 4-fold, indicating marked inflammation. A 66% (28 μm) increase in maximum arteriolar diameter was observed over 7 days in WT-WT mice. This arteriolar remodeling response was completely abolished in CCR2−/−-WT mice but largely rescued in WT-CCR2−/− mice. EGFP+ BMCs were numerous throughout the tissue, but we...
Con: transesophageal echocardiography should not be used routinely for pediatric open cardiac surgery.

T RANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY (TEE) is a valuable tool for the diagnosis and management of congenital heart disease. In addition to the preceding and persuasive Pro position, its use and value in this population have recently been reviewed and emphasized. 1 However, without engaging in tedious semantic arguments about the meaning of "routinely", the authors believe there are numerous reasons to temper the enthusiasm for the standard use of TEE in the perioperative period in infants and children with heart disease. For the purposes of this debate, the authors prospectively looked at 140 consecutive intraoperative TEE studies performed at the request of either the surgeon, anesthesiologist, or cardiologist. Because these were requested and TEE was not used routinely, it can be assumed someone believed the lesion and/or procedure carried greater than average risk for a new or residual lesion. The findings were: new/unanticipated diagnosis, 2 of 140 studies (new septal defects); prerepair information potentially helpful to the surgeon (eg, location of regurgitant mitral jet or ventricular septal defect [VSD]), 18 of 140 studies; significant lesion post-cardiopulmonary bypass [CPB], 6 of 140 studies [4 of 6, mitral regurgitation, 2 requiring revision; 1 of 6, "new" VSD requiring reoperation; 1 of 6, subaortic obstruction]). Of the prerepair information, it was unclear how much efficacy was added to the surgical approach compared with what was known preoperatively. For the postrepair results, only the case of severe right ventricular (RV) dysfunction was unsuspected; all the others were surmised from postbypass pressure or saturation data. Furthermore, not using TEE in every case did not seem to be associated with significant pathologic states, as least as indicated by postoperative course: the authors' reoperation rate in the postoperative period for new or undiagnosed lesions (as opposed to, for example, bleeding, residual arch obstruction in hypoplastic left heart syndrome, shunts that were sized inappropriately, or residual VSDs that were known and believed appropriate to ignore) in the past 12 months (728 cases using CPB) was 0. Further study is necessary to determine the incidence, if any, of significant occult lesions missed at operation in the patients who did not receive TEE.
Field observations quantifying attraction of four tortricid moths to high-dosage pheromone dispensers in untreated and pheromone-treated orchards

Orientational responses of four species of feral tortricid moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to polyethylene tube dispensers of pheromone were observed in a 0.8 ha apple orchard treated with such pheromone dispensers and in an untreated 0.8 ha orchard. Male oblique-banded leafrollers, Choristoneura rosaceana (Walker) (mean 7.2 ± 0.4 moths/night during 21 nights) , Oriental fruit moths, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (mean 10.5 ± 2.1 during 20 evenings), and the redbanded leafrollers, Argyrotaenia velutinana (W alker) (mean 2.0 ± 1.1 during 14 nights) were observed approaching within 100 cm of their respective polyethylene-tube pheromone dispensers in the untreated orchard. Furthermore, C. rosaceana (mean 2.0 ± 0.7 during 17 nights) and G. molesta (mean 1.5 ± 0.4 over 20 evenings) came within 100 cm of their respective polyethylene-tube pheromone dispensers in the pheromone-treated orchard. Most visits lasted less than 10 s, after which the majority of moths departed by flying upwind. In the untreated orchard, the number of C. rosaceana observed orienting to polyethylene tube dispensers was greater than the number captured in optimized monitoring traps (1.9 ± 0.4) per night of observation. The numbers of A. velutinana (2.0 ± 1.1) or G. molesta (10.5 ± 2.1) attracted to polyethylenetube dispensers in the untreated orchard did not differ statistically from the numbers captured in optimized monitoring traps per night of observation. In the pheromone-treated orchard, the number of C. rosaceana (2.0 ± 0.4) or G. molesta (1.2 ± 0.2) observed orienting to polyethylene-tube dispensers did not differ statistically from the numbers of male moths of these species captured in optimized monitoring traps per night of observation. No codling moths, Cydia pomonella L. were observed orienting to, or landing near, their respective polyethylene-tube dispensers in either the untreated or pheromonetreated orchards, although substantial numbers were captured in monitoring traps per night of observation (6.0 ± 1.7) in the untreated orchard. The attraction of male moths to polyethylene tube dispensers thus occurred in three of the four species observed. These results provide support for the idea that false-plume-following is an important component of the mechanisms mediating communicational disruption in moths by polyethylene-tube dispensers.
Documentation Tips for Pulmonary Medicine: Implications for the Inpatient Setting

Clinical documentation improvement is an important aspect to achieve top performance. Clinical documentation in a patient's record includes any and all documentation that relates to the care of the patient during the patient's stay or encounter at the hospital. Documentation is key to accurate clinical coding, validating length of stay, resource utilization, physician profiling, case management, severity of illness, risk of mortality, quality management, risk management, clinical outcomes, critical pathways, regulatory compliance, Joint Commission accreditation, managed care, and reimbursement. Good documentation minimizes coding errors, reduces claim denials, and optimizes reimbursement. Implementing quality improvement strategies that make documentation and coding an organizational priority can positively influence operations, services, and revenue. Other external and internal coding audits show that the cause of improper coding is due to lack of proper physician documentation to support reimbursement at the appropriate level. The purpose of this article is to provide tips for documenting pulmonary diagnoses that not only would ensure appropriate reimbursement but also would accurately represent the severity of a patient's condition.
Weighted E-Spaces and Epistemic Information Operators

Information is usually related to knowledge. Here, we present a broader picture in which information is associated with epistemic structures, which form cognitive infological systems as basic recipients and creators of cognitive information. Infological systems are modeled by epistemic spaces, while operators in these spaces are mathematical models of information. Information that acts on epistemic structures is called cognitive information, while information that acts on knowledge structures is called epistemic information. The latter brings new and updates existing knowledge, being of primary importance to people. In this paper, both types of information are studied as operators in epistemic spaces based on the general theory of information. As a synthetic approach, which reveals the essence of information, organizing and encompassing all main directions in information theory, the general theory of information provides efficient means for such a study. Different types of information dynamics representation use tools from various mathematical disciplines, such as the theory of categories, functional analysis, mathematical logic and algebra. In this paper, we base our exploration of information and knowledge dynamics on functional analysis further developing the mathematical stratum of the general theory of information.
Influence of MRI on target volume delineation and IMRT planning in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Abstract Purpose To compare CT and MRI target volumes for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and evaluate the role of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in treating composite CT+MRI targets. Methods and materials CT and T 1 /T 2 -weighted MRI scans were obtained for 8 consecutive NPC patients. Using CT, MRI, and fused CT/MRI, various target volumes (gross target volume, clinical target volume, and planning target volume [PTV]) and critical structures were outlined. For each patient, three treatment plans were developed: ( 1 ) a three-dimensional conformal RT (3D-CRT) plan using CT-based targets; ( 2 ) a 3D-CRT plan using composite CT+MRI targets; and ( 3 ) a IMRT plan using CT+MRI targets. The prescription dose was 57.6 Gy and 70.2 Gy to the initial and boost PTV, respectively. Treatment plans were compared using the PTV dose to 95% volume (D 95 ), critical structure dose to 5% organ volume (D 5 ), and mean dose. Results Compared with CT, the MRI-based targets were 74% larger, more irregularly shaped, and did not always include the CT targets. For CT-based targets, 3D-CRT plans, in general, achieved adequate target coverage and sparing of critical structures. However, when these plans were evaluated using CT+MRI targets, the average PTV D 95 was ∼60 Gy (14% underdosing), and critical structure doses were significantly worse. The use of IMRT for CT+MRI targets resulted in marked improvement in the PTV coverage and critical structure sparing: average PTV D 95 improved to 69.3 Gy, brainstem D 5 to 5 to Conclusion CT/MRI fusion improved the determination of target volumes in NPC. In contrast to 3D-CRT, IMRT planning resulted in significantly improved coverage of composite CT+MRI targets and sparing of critical structures.
VLSI Implementation of a Reconfigurable Mixed-Signal Finite Impulse Response Filter

We present an implementation of a reconfigurable 16-tap finite impulse response filter for post-processing applications. This filter exploits the distributed arithmetic technique for signal processing and floating-gate voltage references for setting tunable analog coefficients. The filter is fabricated in 0.5mum CMOS process, and its order can be increased at the cost of 0.011mm2 of die area and 0.02mW of power per tap. Measurement results for low-pass and band-pass filters at 50kHz sampling frequency are presented.
Customization Strategies in Electronic Retailing: Implications of Customer Purchase Behavior*

In this article, we assess the implications of customer purchase behavior on customization in electronic retailing. We develop a classification scheme for customization strategies in electronic retailing. The classification scheme comprises three customization strategies: (i) transaction customization, (ii) decision customization, and (iii) product customization. We develop scales to measure each of the three customization strategies using a systematic four-stage scale development process. Building on the extant literature on customer purchase behavior, we design an experiment to examine the alignment of the customization strategies with three well-established product types: (i) convenience goods, (ii) shopping goods, and (iii) specialty goods, and its implications for customer value. The findings of the experiment indicate that there are significant differences in the customer value for the three customization strategies across the three product types. The contributions of the study, the managerial implications of the study findings, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Mining pharmaceutical spam from Twitter

This paper presents a method of applying text mining techniques and data mining tools for pharmaceutical spam detection from Twitter data. A simple method based on a manually selected list of 65 pharmaceutical discriminating words is used for labeling spam training tweets. Preliminary experimental results show that J48 decision tree classifier has better performance over Naive Bayesian algorithm.
Relationship between Sensory and Instrumental Hardness of Commercial Cheeses

The effect of deformation (10% to 90%) and deformation rate (0.2 to 10 mm/s) on both maximum compression force and correlation between sensory and instrumental measurements of hardness were investigated for 26 commercial cheeses. Log-linear regression models were used to model the relationship between deformation rate and maximum compression force and fitted well to the relationship, indicating that maximum compression force is a log linear function of deformation rate. Deformation had a large effect on the correlation between sensory and instrumental bardness, while deformation rate had a small effect. The optimal deformation and deformation rate for the maximum correlation were 70% to 90% and 1.0 mm/s, respectively. This implies that an optimal combination of deformation and deformation rate can be used for maximizing the correlation between sensory and instrumental hardness for cheese products. Cette etude evalue l'effet d'une deformation et de la vitesse de deformation sur la force de compression maximum de fromages commerciaux. Elle determine aussi la deformation et la vitesse pour lesquelles la correlation entre la valeur sensorielle et la force de compression est maximale. La deformation a un effet important sur la correlation entre la durete sensorielle et instrumentale, tandis que la vitesse de deformation a un effet peu important.
Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic Action of Chloramphenicol Against Meningeal Pathogens

The bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of chloramphenicol, ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfisoxazole were compared against several potential meningeal pathogens. Chloramphenicol is bactericidal at clinically achievable concentrations against Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis. It is bacteriostatic against gram-negative bacilli of the family Enterobacteriaceae and against Staphylococcus aureus. Chloramphenicol has proven highly efficacious in the treatment of bacterial meningitis caused by those organisms against which it is bactericidal at low concentrations. Because leukocytic phagocytosis in the subarachnoid space is inefficient, we propose that bactericidal activity in cerebrospinal fluid is important for optimal therapy of bacterial meningitis. Chloramphenicol does not provide such activity in meningitis caused by enteric gram-negative bacilli.
G Protein–Coupled Receptor Kinase 6 Deficiency Promotes Angiogenesis, Tumor Progression, and Metastasis

G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) phosphorylate the activated form of G protein-coupled receptors leading to receptor desensitization and downregulation. We have recently shown that the chemokine receptor, CXCR2, couples to GRK6 to regulate cellular responses including chemotaxis, angiogenesis, and wound healing. In this study, we investigate the role of GRK6 in tumorigenesis using murine models of human lung cancer. Mice deficient in GRK6 (GRK6(-/-)) exhibited a significant increase in Lewis lung cancer growth and metastasis relative to control littermates (GRK6(+/+)). GRK6 deletion had no effect on the expression of proangiogenic chemokine or vascular endothelial growth factor, but upregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 release, tumor-infiltrating PMNs, and microvessel density. Because β-arrestin-2-deficient (βarr2(-/-)) mice exhibited increased Lewis lung cancer growth and metastasis similar to that of GRK6(-/-), we developed a double GRK6(-/-)/βarr2(-/-) mouse model. Surprisingly, GRK6(-/-)/βarr2(-/-) mice exhibited faster tumor growth relative to GRK6(-/-) or βarr2(-/-) mice. Treatment of the mice with anti-CXCR2 Ab inhibited tumor growth in both GRK6(-/-) and GRK6(-/-)/βarr2(-/-) animals. Altogether, the results indicate that CXCR2 couples to GRK6 to regulate angiogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Deletion of GRK6 increases the activity of the host CXCR2, resulting in greater PMN infiltration and MMP release in the tumor microenvironment, thereby promoting angiogenesis and metastasis. Because GRK6(-/-)/βarr2(-/-) showed greater tumor growth relative to GRK6(-/-) or βarr2(-/-) mice, the data further suggest that CXCR2 couples to different mechanisms to mediate tumor progression and metastasis.
A Brief History and State of the Art of Ellipsometry

Ellipsometry is a nonperturbing optical technique that uses the change in the state of polarization of light upon reflection for the ex-situ and in-situ and real-time characterization of surfaces, interfaces, thin films and nanostructured materials. This chapter identifies the crucial ideas from which the ellipsometry technique derives, provides the key relationships for ellipsometry and presents a brief introduction to the essential ellipsometry configurations and hardware.
Evidence for the negative impact of reward on self-regulated learning

The undermining effect refers to the detrimental impact rewards can have on intrinsic motivation to engage in a behaviour. The current study tested the hypothesis that participants’ self-regulated learning behaviours are susceptible to the undermining effect. Participants were assigned to learn a set of Swahili–English word pairs. Half of the participants were offered a reward for performance, and half were not offered a reward. After the initial study phase, participants were permitted to continue studying the words during a free period. The results were consistent with an undermining effect: Participants who were not offered a reward spent more time studying the words during the free period. The results suggest that rewards may negatively impact self-regulated learning behaviours and provide support for the encouragement of intrinsic motivation.
15 YEARS OF PARAGANGLIOMA: Pathology of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma

Pathologists using their routine diagnostic tools can contribute both to the care of patients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma and to understanding the pathobiology of the tumors. They can document details of tissue organization and cytology that are accessible only by microscopy and can characterize admixtures of cell types that are morphologically distinct or show differential expression of immunohistochemical markers. Current roles and challenges for pathologists include differential diagnosis, identifying clues to the presence of hereditary disease, and effective communication of pathology information for clinical and research purposes. Future roles will increasingly involve risk stratification, identification of actionable targets for personalized therapies, and aiding the interpretation of molecular tests by helping characterize genetic variants of unknown significance. It remains to be determined to what extent the need for pathology input will be overshadowed by the availability of genetic testing and other molecular analyses at ever-decreasing cost, together with very effective clinical paradigms for risk stratification and patient care.
Critical Time-Step Estimation for Explicit Integration of Dynamic Higher-Order Finite-Element Formulations

AbstractHigher-order elements frequently render accurate results and allow the reduction of the total number of elements required to represent a given structure. However, element order also affects the efficient time-history integration of the associated equations of motion in Lagrangian dynamics by an explicit method, which is only conditionally stable. The integration time step is affected by element type and must be sufficiently small to avoid instability of the computed solution and, simultaneously, should be sufficiently large for an economic analysis. The upper bound to the size of this step in an analysis is rigorously obtained from the solution of the eigenvalue problem to the global system of equations of the entire finite-element model. Common alternatives to this computation are to approximate the time step by much simpler one-dimensional node-to-node or individual elemental eigenvalue approaches. Robust higher-order finite-element formulations have recently been developed for explicit integrat...
Rock-Type Model Characterization of Composition and Fabric in the Haynesville Shale

The best recovery of hydrocarbons from unconventional reservoirs occurs in zones optimal for horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing and in locations with high gas concentration. Characterization of the relationship between important rock properties, such as mineralogy, rock fabric, and fluid saturation with elastic properties of the Haynesville shale will improve our ability to identify these optimal locations from seismic and well log data. In this work, the Haynesville is modeled using the anisotropic differential effective medium (DEM) model, which allows for parameterization of pore and grain aspect ratios, mineral composition, and load bearing matrix. We divided the Haynesville into two separate rock types: a calcite-rich rock type and a clayand silica-rich rock type. Rock typing provided for greater sensitivity of the rock type models to mineral content, which provided an improved porosity versus stiffness and combined porosity plus kerogen versus stiffness trend for the calcite-rich rock type.
Human-Centric LED Lighting System Using Ubiquitous Physiological Monitoring

The aging population, prevalence of chronic diseases, and depression are some of the major challenges of current healthcare. The smart home monitoring provides a solution of human-centric out-of-hospital care and calls for more attention to improve the comfort of patients. Among home technologies, electric lighting system is ubiquitous and affecting many aspects of human physiology, including not only visual system but also non-image-forming system. The exposure to light can influence various states of human and lead to effective comforting.This paper presents a human-centric smart lighting system controlled by human state using ubiquitous physiological sensor networks. The proposed system, acting as an intelligent home monitoring component, can naturalistically detect human’s state such as intensiveness, sleepiness, and depression. Vital signals including ECG and its secondary parameters can be acquired by non-intrusive physiological sensors and wirelessly transmitted to a control system. The color of LED can be controlled by the detected human state and adjusted to emotional comfort. The results show that different colors of light can influence human’s state.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
I. B. Singer: A Note on the Yiddish Writer and His Sense of Ethnicity

Although many of the stories in Isaac Bashevis Singer's most recent collection, Passions (1975), are set in this country and century, one is never really persuaded that Singer, after about 41 years of resdence, has adopted America as his home. The most prolific and best known American-Yiddish author, Singer remains, as Irving Buchen points out, "a living anachronism," here in body, but not in spirit.l
Influence of Martensitic Transformation on the Durability of TBC Systems (Invited)

Microstructural evolution of bond coat with thermal cycling was characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) analysis. Before thermal cycling, the structure of asfabricated bond coat was confirmed to be a long-range ordered B2 β-phase. After thermal cycling to ∼28% of the cyclic life, the bond coat was found to transform into a Nirich L10 martensite (M) from its original B2 structure. The transformations, M ↔ B2, were demonstrated to be reversible and to occur on heating and cooling in each cycle. Quantitative high temperature XRD measurements verified the phase transformations produce about 0.7 % transformation strain. Finite element calculations incorporating the transformation strain indicate that the mertensitic transformation significantly influences the development of stresses and strains in TBC systems.© 2003 ASME
Orientationally glassy crystals of Janus spheres

Colloidal Janus spheres in water (one hemisphere attractive and the other repulsive) assemble into twodimensional hexagonal crystals with orientational order controlled by anisotropic interactions. We exploit the decoupled translational and rotational order to quantify the orientational dynamics. Via imaging experiments and Monte Carlo simulations we demonstrate that the correlations in the orientation of individual Janus spheres exhibit glasslike dynamics that can be controlled via the ionic strength. Thus, these colloidal building blocks provide a particularly suitable model glass system for elucidating nontrivial dynamics arising from directional interactions, not captured by the consideration of just translational order.
On Five Relationships of Chinese Language Education in Singapore from the Perspective of Language Planning

Singapore society has been experienced rapid change over last recent years,so its language life and linguistic politics are facing chances and challenges.In this paper,drawing upon the latest development occurred in theories of both language planning and language acquisition research,five relationships are identified to be critical in the further development of Chinese language learning and maintenance.Having no attempt to provide any answer or solution to the issue,the paper endeavors to reveal sociolinguistic factors that underline the future success of Chinese language education in Singaporean context,with hope to invoke further investigation of the complexities of Chinese overseas spread in a polity with multicultural settings.
Liquid generation capabilities of Chengde vanadium-titanium magnetite during sintering

The base properties of vanadium-titanium magnetite sintered were studied by TSJ-3 Micro sintering machine and then the influences of alkalinity,temperature and calcination atmosphere on the vanadium-titanium magnetite phase formation and the solid phase material were also analyzed by Fact Sage6.3.The results indicated that the sintering temperature has a great impact on the liquid content. With the increase of sintering temperature,the liquid phase was gradually increased,but material layer with different heights also leads to slightly different liquid content. Monotonicity was found between alkalinity and liquid volume and the alkalinity increased with the increase of liquid phase. With the gradual increase of the oxidizing atmosphere,liquid content is increased,but the growth rate is slow. While with too much oxygen injected,liquid content will be reduced. By comparing the results of software simulation and actual sintering,the results of sintering test were basically consistent with the theoretical calculations.
Spermatozoa-Containing Simple Cysts of the Rete Testis

Simple cysts of the testis are rare benign lesions of uncertain etiology. We report 2 spermatozoa-containing cysts of the rete testis found incidentally in the left testicle of a 56-year-old man evaluated by ultrasound for hydrocele. The presence of spermatozoa in the cyst fluid has not been observed previously and confirms the connection of the cysts with the seminiferous tubular system.
Antitrust and X-Efficiency:

In economics efficiency has meant allocative efficiency since time immemorial. Allocative efficiency means that the market price is equal to the marginal cost, and that the firm is using the cost minimizing [K/L] ratio. Allocative inefficiency in the market occurs when P ≠ MC. In the firm it means that the firm is either too capital intensive or too labor intensive. Most of the attention in economics has been on market allocative inefficiency. This is because markets will be inefficient if it contains market power. However, since “time immemorial” firms have been assumed to be efficient. Market allocative inefficiency for the entire economy is between 1/10 of 1% and 1/100 of 1% of GDP. For a $16 trillion GDP this is equal to between $16,000,000,000 and $1,600,000,000. By way of comparison, each year Americans spend $7,000,000,000 on potato chips. However, inefficiency is not limited to allocative inefficiency. In 1966 Harvey Leibenstein began using the term X-(in)efficiency. The use of the X stems from th...
Thomas of Erfurt

Thomas of Erfurt was an influential member of the so-called Modistae, a particularly influential school of grammar and semantics. His work Speculative Grammar contains a fully developed version of the Modistic theory of grammar. The school developed in Paris at the end of the thirteenth century and dominated thought in Paris in the beginning of the fourteenth. The theory of language is built around the concepts of various modes of signification, hence, the name of the school. The selection included below presents the basic elements of the theory.
Antiepileptic Drugs, Reaction Time, and Impulsivity

The effects of antiepileptic drugs (AED) on reaction time, attention, and impulsivity in 111 epileptic children, aged 5 to 13 years, are reported from the Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles and University of Southern California School of Medicine.
EEG and Semiology in Generalized Epilepsies

With advancements in electroencephalography (EEG) and genetics, the older predominantly clinical semiology-based seizure classification needed to be updated. The recently proposed classification of seizures emphasizes the electro-clinical features in addition to genetics. Without EEG information, atypical absence and some frontal lobe seizures could not be classified or would be misclassified as “generalized” seizures. Also clinically identical seizures can have very different electrophysiology. For example, sudden falls can occur in generalized atonic seizures or generalized tonic seizures. Recognizing atypical absence is clinically important as this seizure type rarely occurs outside the context of Lennox–Gastaut syndrome. A better understanding of genetics in epilepsy can help patients plan their career and could influence life partner choices. This chapter focuses on the clinical semiology and correlative EEG of the generalized seizures.
Uptake and Depuration of Four Per/Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASS) in Northern Leopard Frog Rana pipiens Tadpoles

Per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent organic contaminants that are ubiquitous in surface waters. To date, their effects on aquatic systems, especially amphibians, are poorly understood. We examined the uptake and depuration of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS) in northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) tadpoles. Whole-body concentrations were examined every 10 d during constant aqueous exposure to targeted concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 μg/L for 40 d and for 30 d during depuration. Effects of PFAS exposure on length and development were also examined. Rapid uptake led to steady state concentrations by 10 d for most exposures. PFOS accumulated to the highest levels with whole-body bioconcentration factor (BCF) values at 40 d ranging from 19.6 to 119.3. The remaining PFASs were not found to bioconcentrate (BCF < 1.0 at 40 d). Furthermore, some BCF values decreased during the exposure ...
Discussion of “Dry Deposition to Snowpacks”

Dry deposition is part of the overall atmosphere-surface exchange process and is the result of a net balance between the atmosphere-to-surface fluxes and the surface-to-atmospheric fluxes. In the overall process, gasses can be reversibly absorbed or adsorbed deposited and particulate matter can be resuspended. Desorption and resuspension can be very important processes in snowpacks, as the physical properties of snowpacks can change on the time scales of hours. Understanding overall deposition processes to snow and ice is crucial to relating concentrations of chemical species measured in snowpacks to atmospheric concentrations.
The Translatability of Manuscript Pages Containing Old English Verse (with an Illustrative Translation of The Exeter Book, Folios 98r–101r and 124r–124v)

Is a manuscript translatable? Those of us who study and interpret texts written before print culture are used to thinking of manuscript pages as things that are photographed, transcribed, and edited. And we use these manifestations variously in our work as researchers and teachers. But are manuscript pages translatable? That is, are the physical and visual features that bind folio and language translatable things? Within the field of AngloSaxon studies I wish to point this question toward codices containing Old English verse. Although images accompany some vernacular writings, most Old English poems were copied without images. This study will focus on the translatability of those folios filled with text only and concerns itself specifically with the visual fusion of poem and page rather than the sensory connections elicited by the material of the manuscript. I argue that translating the visual substance of the manuscript page along with the language of its poem has the potential to direct the Old English poem in translation back to the original work in a more genuine manner than most translation practice accomplishes. I ask the opening question within the context of Walter Benjamin’s notion of Ubersetzbarkeit: