cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Separation of a Breast Cancer Cell Line from Human Blood Using a Quadrupole Magnetic Flow Sorter

We have developed a quadrupole magnetic flow sorter (QMS) to facilitate high-throughput binary cell separation. Optimized QMS operation requires the adjustment of three flow parameters based on the immunomagnetic characteristics of the target cell sample. To overcome the inefficiency of semiempirical operation/optimization of QMS flow parameters, a theoretical model of the QMS sorting process was developed. Application of this model requires measurement of the magnetophoretic mobility distribution of the cell sample by the cell tracking velocimetry (CTV) technique developed in our laboratory. In this work, the theoretical model was experimentally tested using breast carcinoma cells (HCC1954) overexpressing the HER-2/neu gene, and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). The magnetophoretic mobility distribution of immunomagnetically labeled HCC1954 cells was measured using the CTV technique, and then theoretical predictions of sorting recoveries were calculated. Mean magnetophoretic mobilities of (1-3) x 10(-4) mm(3)/(T A s) were obtained depending on the labeling conditions. Labeled HCC1954 cells were mixed with unlabeled PBLs to form a "spiked" sample to be separated by the QMS. Fractional recoveries of cells for different flow parameters were examined and compared with theoretical predictions. Experimental results showed that the theoretical model accurately predicted fractional recoveries of HCC1954 cells. High-throughput (3.29 x 10(5) cells/s) separations with high recovery (0.89) of HCC1954 cells were achieved.
Angular Distributions of the D+D Neutrons

The angular distributions of the neutrons produced in the $\mathrm{D}(d, n){\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ reaction have been investigated experimentally in the deuteron energy range of 0.25 to 0.825 Mev. A two-crystal neutron spectrometer providing discrimination against gamma radiation was used as the detector. It is noted that the experimental data can be fitted by the deuteron stripping theory.
Normative data for semantically associated Spanish word lists that create false memories

The present study provides norms for Spanish word lists that have been used to create false memories in native speakers of Spanish. The word lists reported are based on the Roediger and McDermott (1995) lists that have been used extensively to examine illusory memories. We employed Roediger and McDermott’s critical lures, translated them into Spanish, and created semantically associated Spanish word lists by testing native Spanish speakers. The resulting lists were then normed with additional native Spanish speakers. Overall, the participants recalled 53% of the list items and 32% of the critical lures with the word lists developed. In addition, 74% of the list items and 69% of the critical lures were recognized by the participants. The present study adds to the literature by providing a set of Spanish lists that can be used by researchers interested in evaluating false memories in individuals who speak Spanish. These norms may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive.
Slow positrons in metal single crystals. I. Positronium formation at Ag(100), Ag(111), and Cu(111) surfaces

Monoenergetic positrons, with an incident energy of 0-5 keV, were focused onto Ag(100), Ag(111), and Cu(111) surfaces with submonolayer contamination, and positronium formation was studied as a function of sample temperature from 300 to 1200 K. The data were fitted with a simple positron diffusion model including surface and vacancy trapping, assuming that positronium is formed only at the surface. The formation of part of the positronium fraction is found to be a temperature-activated process which is identified as detrapping from a surface state, and an estimate of the binding energy in this trap is deduced. The diffusion length is found to be only slightly temperature dependent between room temperature and the onset of vacancy trapping. At the higher sample temperatures positron trapping at thermally generated vacancies is observed by the decrease in the positron diffusion length at the higher incident voltages. A vacancy formation energy is extracted from the data and is generally found to be lower than the values obtained from bulk measurements.
Repairing regretted messages: Effects of emotional state, relationship type, and seriousness of offense

Persons sometimes say things that they later regret. Such messages are often followed by efforts to repair damage to the relationship. This research asked whether the use of eight repair strategies following a regretted message is predicted by (a) the seriousness of the offense, (b) qualities of the speaker's relationship with the hearer, and/or (c) the speaker's emotional state after becoming aware that the message was a mistake. Logistic regression analyses indicated that the strongest predictors of repair strategies were emotions experienced by the speaker upon realizing the message should not have been said.
Examining time-invariance in reliability in multi-wave, multi-indicator models: a covariance structure analysis approach accounting for indicator specificity.

A covariance structure analysis method for testing time-invariance in reliability in multi-wave, multiple-indicator models in outlined. The approach accounts for observed variable specificity and permits, in addition, estimation of reliability in terms of 'pure' measurement error variance. The proposed procedure is developed within a confirmatory factor analysis framework and illustrated with data from a cognitive intervention study.
Distances to the termination shock and heliopause from a simulation analysis of the 1992-93 heliospheric radio emission event

A new heliospheric radio emission event observed by Voyagers 1 and 2 in mid-1992 is believed to have been produced by the interaction of an interplanetary shock with the heliopause. The shock is thought to have oriented near the Sun during a period of intense solar activity in late-May and early-June, 1991. The observed travel time of the shock to the heliopause is 408 days; the initial speed is estimated to be between 600 and 800 km/s. We use a numerical gasdynamic simulation of an interplanetary shock, propagating through an equilibrium solution of the solar wind/interstellar medium interaction, to compute the distances to the termination shock and the heliopause that are consistent with these observations. For a shock speed of 600 km/s, the termination shock is located at 92 AU, and the heliopause is located at 128 AU. These distances increase to 112 AU and 156 AU when the shock speed is increased to 800 km/s.
Validity of the American College Test in Predicting Success on the Pre-Professional Skills Test

Scores derived from Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST) are being widely used for screening students into teacher education programs. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the American College Test (ACT) in predicting success on the PPST. Significant correlations (p < .01) were obtained between scores from the ACT and the tests from the PPST. Regression equations using scores from the ACT and grades from college English courses were used to develop regression equations for the three tests of the PPST.
Anemia: Its Impact on Hospitalizations and Length of Hospital Stay in Nursing Home and Community Older Adults

Objective To examine the association between anemia and its severity on hospitalizations and length of stay (LOS) in hospital in older adults. Participants A cross-sectional sample of 590 adults from long term care facilities (NH) and community ambulatory care (C) in the Bronx, NY. Measurements Patient demographics, medical history, hospitalizations during an 18-month period, LOS per hospitalization, and laboratory parameters including hemoglobin (Hb) at enrollment and during hospitalization. Results Anemia and hospitalization occurred in 62% and 64% of the sample, respectively. NH residents were older (P = .0013), had fewer hospitalizations (P = .001) but similar rates of anemia, anemia severity, gender ratios and LOS per hospitalization as C subjects (all P > .05). Females were older (P = .0455), had fewer hospitalizations (P = .001) and more severe anemia than males (P Conclusions Our findings suggest anemia, in particular chronic and severe anemia in older Americans is associated with an increased likelihood of hospitalizations and an increased LOS when hospitalized. The recognition and treatment of anemia in older adults has the potential to reduce hospitalizations and LOS and decrease overall health care costs to individuals and third party providers.
The Unknown/The Unanticipated A Surgical Journey of Correcting HIV-Related Abdominal Lipodystrophy

The aim of this study was to explore the pre- and postsurgical journey to correct severe abdominal lipodystrophy of a woman living as AIDS defined for over 23 years. It utilized interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) and a single-case-study approach to capture the subjective understanding and sense-making of this surgical process. Verbatim transcripts of seven semi-structured interviews, three participant-created word boards of words or phrases clipped from magazines, field notes, and a reflexive journal were collected as data. Analysis revealed two superordinate themes: the unknown and the unanticipated. These themes simultaneously manifest with shared and nuanced meanings, including the unknown and unanticipated of surviving AIDS and discovering lipodystrophy, the unknown and the unanticipated of the surgical intervention itself, and finally the unknown and the unanticipated of postsurgical complications and experiences within outpatient and inpatient medical settings.
Old Drug, New Tricks The Unexpected Effect of Doxazosin on High-Density Lipoprotein

See related article, pages 156–165 Ironically, even though there are currently only a few drugs to specifically treat low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), numerous drugs have been observed to inadvertently alter HDL levels.1 This has been particularly noted for some antihypertensive drugs. Because they are used long-term, any positive or negative effect of antihypertensive drugs on lipids and lipoproteins can significantly impact on their effectiveness in preventing cardiovascular disease. Recently, advances in our understanding of HDL metabolism have helped us to unravel the mechanism of action of these and other drugs that unexpectedly alter HDL levels. This work has largely been led by the laboratory of Shinji Yokoyama and colleagues, who have previously identified the mechanism of action of three drugs on HDL metabolism. Probucol, which has been used to treat patients at risk for cardiovascular disease, is an antioxidant and lowers LDL, but it also lowers HDL. Probucol is now known to decrease HDL by inhibiting the activity of the ABCA1 transporter,2 a key protein involved in reverse cholesterol transport pathway and in HDL biogenesis.3 Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, which can be used as antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic agent, and fenofibrate, a lipid-lowering drug, both raise HDL by increasing the gene expression of the ABCA1 transporter.4,5 In this issue of Circulation Research ,6 Iwamoto et al describe the mechanism of action of a fourth agent that unexpectedly alters HDL, namely the antihypertensive agent doxazosin. The results of this study raise the possibility of a new strategy for developing drugs to increase HDL. Doxazosin (Cardura) is a quinazoline based compound that is sold by Pfizer and is a long lasting selective inhibitor of the α-1a subtype of adrenergic receptors. It blocks the binding of norepinephrine to adrenergic receptors in the autonomic nervous system, which leads …
BMK1/ERK5 Is a Novel Regulator of Angiogenesis by Destabilizing Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1α

Big MAP kinase 1 (BMK1 or ERK5) is a key mediator of endothelial cell (EC) function as shown by impaired embryonic angiogenesis and vascular collapse in BMK1 knockout mice. Hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha), a potent mediator of angiogenesis, is positively regulated by the MAP kinases, ERK1/2. Because BMK1 deficiency is associated with impaired angiogenesis we hypothesized that BMK1 might regulate HIF1alpha. To test this hypothesis, bovine lung microvascular ECs (BLMECs) were transfected with HIF1alpha and BMK1 cDNAs, and stimulated by hypoxia. HIF1alpha activity was measured by a reporter gene assay in which luciferase expression was driven by HIF1alpha activation. Hypoxia (1% O2, 24 hours) stimulated HIF1alpha activity by 5.1+/-0.6 fold. In the presence of dominant negative (DN)-BMK1, which inhibited BMK1 activity, hypoxia induced HIF1alpha activity was enhanced significantly to 6.4+/-0.4 fold. BMK1 activation by constitutively active (CA)-MEK5 inhibited HIF1alpha activity by 46+/-4%, suggesting BMK1 functions as a negative regulator of HIF1alpha activation. Activation of BMK1 reduced HIF1alpha protein levels. Ubiquitination inhibitors (30 micromol/L ALLN, 2 micromol/L lactacystin, or 100 nmol/L MG132) reduced the BMK1-mediated effect on HIF1alpha expression by >80%, suggesting that BMK1 stimulated HIF1alpha proteolysis. The negative effect of BMK1 on HIF1alpha was functionally important because transfection with CA-MEK5 significantly decreased EC migration by 68+/-10%, and inhibited angiogenesis (in vitro Matrigel assay) by 76+/-7%. In summary, BMK1 is a novel negative regulator of HIF1alpha and angiogenesis by increasing HIF1alpha ubiquitination and inhibiting HIF1alpha activity in endothelial cells.
Differences in Cardiac Hypertrophy in Exercise and in Hypoxia

A group of rats, including both sexes, was exercised on an electrically-driven treadmill at the rate of one mile per hour for two hours daily to a total of 60 hours. Another group, also including both sexes, was exposed to intermittent hypoxia for eight hours daily, six days per week, for four weeks at a barometric pressure of 303 mm Hg corresponding to a simulated altitude of approximately 24,000 feet (7,315 m). All these animals showed significant hypertrophy of both ventricles. Exercise produced about the same percentage of weight increase in the right and also in the left ventricular walls. The per cent increase of the right ventricular wall relative to that of the left ventricular wall was greater after intermittent hypoxia than after exercise. The ratio of left ventricular weight/right ventricular weight was significantly less in the hypoxic group than in the exercised group. This indicates a relative right ventricular hypertrophy produced by the intermittent hypoxia. Reasons are given to indicate that the pulmonary hypertension associated with hypoxia is the cause of this right ventricular predominance.
Targets of opportunity for precision medicine

In this issue of Blood , [Schinke et al][1] have identified a higher expression of CXCR2 in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/acute myeloid leukemia (AML) stem cells than in normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and demonstrated preclinical therapeutic proof of principle.[1][2] ![Figure][3] (A
Optimal Linear Combination of Denoising Schemes for Efficient Removal of Image Artifacts

Different denoising schemes show dissimilar types of artifacts. For example, certain transform-based denoising schemes could introduce artifacts in smooth regions while others eliminate texture regions. Using different schemes for denoising a noisy image, we can consider the denoising results as different estimates of the image. Through linear combination of the results, we minimize the l2 norm of the error to find the optimum coefficients in a least-square-error sense. We employ the wavelet transform, contourlet transform, and adaptive 2-D Wiener filtering as our denoising schemes. Then we apply the proposed method to the denoising results of the individual schemes. This approach eliminates most of the artifacts and achieves significant improvement in the PSNR values. We also propose averaging of the denoising results as a special case of linear combination and show that it yields near-optimal performance.
Genetic and Biochemical Analyses of BvgA Interaction with the Secondary Binding Region of the fha Promoter of Bordetella pertussis

The BvgA-BvgS two-component signal transduction system regulates expression of virulence factors in Bordetella pertussis. The BvgA response regulator activates transcription by binding to target promoters, which include those for the genes encoding filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) and pertussis toxin (ptx). We have previously shown that at both promoters the phosphorylated form of BvgA binds multiple high- and low-affinity sites. Specifically, at the fha promoter, we proposed that there may be high- and a low-affinity binding sites for the BvgA dimer. In our present investigation, we used DNA binding analyses and in vitro and in vivo assays of promoters with substitutions and deletions to support and extend this hypothesis. Our observations indicate that (i) binding of BvgA approximately P to a primary (high-affinity) site and a secondary binding region (lower affinity) is cooperative, (ii) although both the primary binding site and the secondary binding region are required for full activity of the wild-type (undeleted) promoter, deletion of two helical turns within the secondary binding region can produce a fully active or hyperactive promoter, and (iii) BvgA binding to the secondary binding region shows limited DNA sequence specificity.
A set of matrices for testing computer programs

Abstract : A set of matrices is defined, and the complete solution of each matrix is given. The matrices have arbitrary dimension, and a large nuber of parameters. By adjusting these parameters, a matrix of arbitrary dimension can be constructed which has two eigenvectos tht are nearly coincident, which is derogatory (has fewer than the maximum possible number of eigenvectors), or is s nearly singular as desired. Thus a set of matrices is available which forms a convenient set of check matrices for testing computer programs which purport to solve or invert a matrix. The matrices of the set have certain properties of regularity. For selected values of the parameters, the matrices appear as variance-covariance matices in statistics. In particular cases, the eigenvalues (but not the eigenvectors) and the determinants were found. (Autho)
Influence of geomorphological variability in channel characteristics on sediment denitrification in agricultural streams.

Within fluvial systems, the spatial variability of geomorphological characteristics of stream channels and associated streambed properties can affect many biogeochemical processes. In agricultural streams of the midwestern USA, it is not known how geomorphological variability affects sediment denitrification rates, a potentially important loss mechanism for N. Sediment denitrification was measured at channelized and meandering headwater reaches in east-central Illinois, a region dominated by intensive agriculture and high NO3–N stream export, between June 2003 and February 2005 using the chloramphenicol-amended acetylene inhibition procedure. Sediment denitrification rates were greatest in separation zones, ranging from 0.6 to 76.4 mg N m 22 h 21 , compared with riffles, point bars, pools, and a run ranging from 0 to 36.5 mg N m 22 h 21 . Differences in benthic organic matter (r 5 0.70) and the percentage of fine-grained sediments (r 5 0.93) in the streambeds controlled much of the spatial variations in sediment denitrification among the geomorphological features. Although two meandering study reaches removed 390 and 99% more NO3–N by sediment denitrification than adjacent channelized reaches, NO3–N loss rates from all reaches were between 0.1 and 15.7% d 21 , except in late summer. Regardless of geomorphological characteristics, streams in east-central Illinois were not able to process the high NO3–N loads, making sediment denitrification in this region a limited sink for N.
Impaired osteoinduction in a rat model for chronic alcohol abuse

Alcohol abuse is a risk factor for bone fractures. Following a fracture, alcoholics have a higher risk for impaired fracture healing. However, the specific alcohol-induced defect(s) in bone healing are not known. Alcohol is a potent inhibitor of bone formation during bone growth and turnover. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of alcohol consumption on induction of new bone formation. Demineralized allogeneic bone matrix (DABM) cylinders were used to model osteoinduction in a rat model for chronic alcohol abuse. DABM cylinders, prepared from femurs and tibiae of rats fed a normal diet, were implanted into sexually mature male rats adapted to alcohol (ethanol contributed 35% of caloric intake) or control liquid diets. Food intake in the control rats was restricted to match food intake of alcohol-fed animals. The implants were recovered 6 weeks later and analyzed by histology, muCT and chemical analysis. Histological evaluation revealed a robust osteoinductive response, resulting in mature bone ossicle formation, in DABM implants in rats fed the control diet. Alcohol consumption affected bone mass and architecture of the DABM implants but not volumetric density or mineral composition. Specifically, alcohol consumption resulted in significant decreases in DABM-induced bone volume, bone volume/mg original cylinder weight, connectivity density, trabecular number and thickness, ash weight and % ash weight. There were no changes in mineral (ash) density nor in the relative amounts of calcium, magnesium, iron, selenium and zinc (microg/mg ash), indicating that alcohol consumption did not impair mineralization. Taken together, these results show that alcohol abuse resulted in decreased bone formation within the DABM implant. We conclude that reduced osteoinduction may contribute to impaired bone healing in alcoholics.
The neural evidence for simulation is weaker than I think you think it is

Simulation theory accounts of mind-reading propose that the observer generates a mental state that matches the state of the target and then uses this state as the basis for an attribution of a similar state to the target. The key proposal is thus that mechanisms that are primarily used online, when a person experiences a kind of mental state, are then co-opted to run Simulations of similar states in another person. Here I consider the neuroscientific evidence for this view. I argue that there is substantial evidence for co-opted mechanisms, leading from one individual’s mental state to a matching state in an observer, but there is no evidence that the output of these co-opted mechanisms serve as the basis for mental state attributions. There is also substantial evidence for attribution mechanisms that serve as the basis for mental state attributions, but there is no evidence that these mechanisms receive their input from co-opted mechanisms.
Chunk learning and the development of spoken discourse in a Japanese as a foreign language classroom

This study examined the development of spoken discourse among L2 learners of Japanese who received extensive practice on grammatical chunks. Participants in this study were 22 college students enrolled in an elementary Japanese course. They received instruction on a set of grammatical chunks in class through communicative drills and the memorization of dialogues that contained the target chunks. The development of the students' spoken discourse was examined through spontaneous conversations and narrative tasks administered twice during the semester at five-week intervals. Results showed that the students produced twice as many grammatical chunks in the second data collection session, with a wider range of chunk types. The frequency and range of the chunks in the narrative task were about half of those recorded in the conversation task. The participants also showed increasing sensitivity to discourse features over time, suggesting that memorized chunks served as a basis for the creative construction of dis...
Antigen Microarrays for the Study of Autoimmune Diseases

BACKGROUND: The immune response involves the activation of heterogeneous populations of T cells and B cells that show different degrees of affinity and specificity for target antigens. Although several techniques have been developed to study the molecular pathways that control immunity, there is a need for high-throughput assays to monitor the specificity of the immune response. CONTENT: Antigen microarrays provide a new tool to study the immune response. We reviewed the literature on antigen microarrays and their advantages and limitations, and we evaluated their use for the study of autoimmune diseases. Antigen arrays have been successfully used for several purposes in the investigation of autoimmune disorders: for disease diagnosis, to monitor disease progression and response to therapy, to discover mechanisms of pathogenesis, and to tailor antigen-specific therapies to the autoimmune response of individual patients. In this review we discuss the use of antigen microarrays for the study of 4 common autoimmune diseases and their animal models: type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: Antigen microarrays constitute a new tool for the investigation of the immune response in autoimmune disorders and also in other conditions such as tumors and allergies. Once current limitations are overcome, antigen microarrays have the potential to revolutionize the investigation and management of autoimmune diseases.
Simulating the Midwestern U.S. Drought of 1988 with a GCM

The primary cause of the midwestern North American drought in the summer of 1988 has been identified to be the La Nina SST anomalies. Yet with the SST anomalies prescribed, this drought has not been simulated satisfactorily by any general circulation model. Seven simulation-experiments, each containing an ensemble of 4-sets of simulations, were conducted with the GEOS GCM for both 1987 and 1988. All simulations started from January 1 and continued through the end of August. In the first baseline case, Case 1, only the SST anomalies and some vegetation parameters were prescribed, while everything else (such as soil moisture, snow-cover, and clouds) was interactive. The GCM did produce some of the circulation features of a drought over North America, but they could only be identified on the planetary scales. The 1988 minus 1987 precipitation differences show that the GCM was successful in simulating reduced precipitation in the mid-west, but the accompanying circulation anomalies were not well simulated, leading one to infer that the GCM has simulated the drought for the wrong reason. To isolate the causes for this unremarkable circulation, analyzed winds and soil moisture were prescribed in Case 2 and Case 3 as continuous updates by direct replacement of the GCM-predicted fields. These cases show that a large number of simulation biases emanate from wind biases that are carried into the North American region from surroundings regions. Inclusion of soil moisture also helps to ameliorate the strong feedback, perhaps even stronger than that of the real atmosphere, between soil moisture and precipitation. Case 2 simulated one type of surface temperature anomaly pattern, whereas Case 3 with the prescribed soil moisture produced another.
Collegiality in the Workplace

ABSTRACTLibraries are considered safe spaces to explore different topics facilitating the sharing of knowledge so it would appear that colle giality and civility are cornerstones of our service. But within our organizations, collegiality is not always stressed as an important value within the workplace. Civility and collegiality are important for libraries as they are the foundation of our public services and support diversity of ideas and open communication within the workplace. Collegiality standards are set by the leaders and managers within an organization and this column will explore the need for civility standards to successfully achieve library goals.Column Editor’s NoteLeadership skills are essential to creating libraries that are effective and relevant to their communities. While some individuals seem to possess inherent leadership capabilities, it is possible to develop and strengthen skills to effectively lead a department, unit, or organization. This column explores ways for librarians and lib...
Correlation of Uric Acid Production with Growth of Kidney Tubules in Chick Embryos.

In previous microchemical studies it was shown1 that uric acid is the chief end-product of nitrogen metabolism in chick embryos, that it begins to accumulate in the allantoic cavity sometime during the fifth day of incubation and that the rate of its excretion rises, in general, proportionally with the body weight. By the end of the first 13 days of incubation the allantoic fluid contains, on the average, 15 mg. of uric acid dissolved more or less completely in about 6 cc. of water. These facts have sufficed to prove that the mesonephros is an active excretory organ and that protein is burned by the developing embryo to a significant degree.The present article represents a continuation of this cooperative study with Dr. Fiske, in which attention has been focused on the morphological development of the mesonephric tubules. As a basis of study 7 serially sectioned chick embryos from the Harvard Embrological Collection, ranging from 5 to 14 days of incubation, were selected for reconstruction. These were gra...
State Estimation for Integrated Moving Average Processes in High-Mix Semiconductor Manufacturing

High-mix manufacturing in the semiconductor industry has driven the development of several nonthreaded state estimation methods. These methods share information among different manufacturing contex...
The effect of fiber volume fraction on the properties of Al-α-Al2O3 metal matrix composites

The effect of α-Al2O3 fiber volume fraction on the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and hydrogen embrittlement of Al-3Li-α-Al2O3 composites was investigated. Tests were conducted on unidirectional specimens with 35%, 39%, and 47.5% fiber volume fractions. The results showed that 3 wt% Li additions to the Al matrix were effective in producing excellent adhesion between the matrix and the fibers through the development of a compatible reaction zone. The thickness of this zone was found to be fairly uniform (0.6-1 μm) for all three fiber volume fractions. The experimentally determined values of elastic modulus were in agreement with those predicted by the rule of mixtures. Also, the tensile strengths obtained were consistent and within the expected range. Fracture analysis indicated mostly planar fracture surfaces with very limited fiber pullout. The fibers failed in a brittle intergranular fashion whereas the matrix exhibited a dimpled rupture. Alternate immersion and anodic polarization testing in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution showed that Li additions and presence of fibers and reaction zone do not produce any corrosion susceptibility. On the contrary, all three composites exhibited high corrosion resistance. Finally, dynamic cathodic charging experiments showed that the composites were highly resistant to hydrogen embrittlement.
Pressure Perturbation Calorimetry of Unfolded Proteins

We report the application of pressure perturbation calorimetry (PPC) to study unfolded proteins. Using PPC we have measured the temperature dependence of the thermal expansion coefficient, α(T), in the unfolded state of apocytochrome C and reduced BPTI. We have shown that α(T) is a nonlinear function and decreases with increasing temperature. The decrease is most significant in the low (2−55 °C) temperature range. We have also tested an empirical additivity approach to predict α(T) of unfolded state from the amino acid sequence using α(T) values for individual amino acids. A comparison of the experimental and calculated functions shows a very good agreement, both in absolute values of α(T) and in its temperature dependence. Such an agreement suggests the applicability of using empirical calculations to predict α(T) of any unfolded protein.
Proinflammatory Lipids Are Elevated, Serum Amyloid A Is Increased and Paraoxonase Activity Is Decreased Following Administration of Oxidized Phospholipids in a Mouse Model of Inflammation (P5.222)

Objective: To determine the effect of feeding lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC 18:1) to mice lacking LDL receptor and determining the effect on blood lipids and on paraoxonase1 the antioxidant enzyme associated with HDL Background:Oxidized phospholipids have been shown to be proinflammatory in animal models of atherogenesis. The oxidation products of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid including HODEs and HETEs that are thus generated are known to result in pathological complications by inducing inflammatory molecules in various organs including cerebrovascular system. We sought to determine the effect of feeding lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC 18:1) to mice lacking LDL receptor and determining the effect on blood lipids and on paraoxonase1 the antioxidant enzyme associated with HDL. Methods: mice (5 to 9 months old) were fed for 2 weeks. The mice were fasted, blood removed and plasma frozen at -80 degrees until analyses. Results:circulating cholesterol levels were raised by 37[percnt] and triglycerides by 61[percnt] following LysoPC18:1 feeding (p<0.0009). HDL cholesterol was reduced by feeding PC 32[percnt] and paraoxonase1 by 25[percnt] (p<0.02). Conclusions:we have observed that feeding LysoPC 18:1 to LDL receptor deficient mice increases the level of total cholesterol and of triglycerides and reduces the level of HDL-C and the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase1. The rise in the proinflammatory lipids and the reduction in anti inflammatory molecules can generate systemic inflammation and interfere with cerebrovascular function. Disclosure: Dr. Vazirian has nothing to disclose. Dr. DeGiorgio gas received personal compensation for activities with Neurosigma as a consultant. Dr. Mishra has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hough has nothing to disclose. Dr. Madahian has nothing to disclose.
Enzymatic Extraction of Alkali Insoluble Protein from High Temperature Rice Bran Meal

The effectiveness of four different proteases in hydrolyzing high temperature rice bran meal for enzymatic extraction of alkali insoluble protein was compared to identify alkaline protease as the best choice.The effects of alkaline protease dose,temperature,pH and hydrolysis time on extraction efficiency were explored by one-factor-at-a-time design.Using orthogonal array design,the optimal conditions of alkaline protease dose,temperature,and pH were determined to be 300 U/g,55 ℃,and 8.5,respectively.Under these conditions,the extraction yield of alkali insoluble protein was up to 28.9%.
Liquid chromatographic quantitation of chicken and turkey in unheated chicken-turkey mixtures

A simple and rapid liquid chromatographic (LC) method has been used to quantitate chicken and turkey in unheated chicken-turkey mixtures. The LC method is sensitive and detects as little as 1% chicken or turkey. It reliably quantitates 5-100% chicken or turkey in unheated poultry mixtures. The method applies also to chicken or turkey which has been frozen, but does not apply to heat-treated poultry meats.
Problem Set 5.1 – Blood

Publisher Summary This chapter presents various problem sets related to blood, which include the plasma volume in a person whose hematocrit ratio is 0.45; amount of hemoglobin degraded each day when the hemoglobin concentration in the whole blood is 16 g%; and the amount of iron liberated from hemoglobin each day when the molecular weight of hemoglobin is 66,600 g mol–1 and each hemoglobin binds four Fe atoms.
Extracting Hybrid Automata from Control Code

Formal methods—and abstract interpretation in particular—can assist in the development of correct control code. However, current approaches to deploying formal methods do not always match the way practicing engineers develop real control code. Engineers tend to think in code first—not formal models. Standard practice is for engineers to develop their control code and then build a model like a hybrid automaton from which to verify properties. Since the construction of this model is manual, it leaves open the possibility of error. Existing formal approaches, on the other hand, tend to focus on synthesizing control code from a verified formal model. We propose a method for synthesizing a hybrid automaton from the control code directly. Specifically, we use abstract interpretation to create an abstract state transition system, and from this we systematically extract a hybrid automaton. Not only does this eliminate the introduction of error into the model based on the code, it fits with common practice in engineering cyberphysical systems. We test the technique on a couple examples—control code for a thermostat and a nuclear reactor. We then pass the generated automata to the HyTech model-checker to verify safety and liveness properties.
Activation of mismatch repair protects cells against ganciclovir cytotoxicity through decreasing errors in DNA replication

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 4038 Suicide gene therapy with herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) and ganciclovir (GCV) is notable for producing multi-log cytotoxicity in a unique pattern of delayed cell death. This cytotoxicity can be enhanced by the addition of hydroxyurea (HU), a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor that decreases dNTP pools, which combined with GCV produces additive or synergistic cytotoxicity in many tumor cell types. Because the HU-mediated imbalance in dNTP pools activates mismatch repair (MMR), we evaluated the role of MMR in GCV + HU cytotoxicity. Using isogenic HCT116TK (HSV-TK-expressing) colon carcinoma cells that are deficient or proficient in MMR, cell survival studies demonstrated greater GCV sensitivity in the MMR- compared to the MMR+ cells, primarily at high concentrations. The combination of GCV and HU exhibited additive cytotoxicity in MMR- cells but resulted in antagonism in the MMR+ cells. To understand the molecular basis for the sparing of GCV cytotoxicity in MMR+ cells, we measured the nature and frequency of mutations following exposure to GCV and/or HU using a shuttle vector mutation assay. There was no significant difference in the basal mutation frequency of untreated cells between the HCT116TK MMR+ and MMR- cell lines (0.062 ± 0.032% and 0.116 ± 0.0049%, respectively; p=0.116). A 24 hr incubation with GCV resulted in similar mutation frequencies in both the MMR+ and MMR- cell lines (0.16 ± 0.018% and 0.16 ± 0.014, respectively) that were not different from controls. Treatment with HU resulted in a significant increase in mutation frequency in the MMR- cells (0.307 ± 0.016%; p=0.0004), but not in the MMR+ cells (0.0320 ± 0.017%; p=0.495) compared to untreated controls. Interestingly, the predominance of a unique transversion mutation (C->A) was observed following incubation with GCV alone in both cell lines, whereas HU induced single base substitutions in which no single mutation predominated. The combined treatment with GCV and HU produced a further increase in mutation frequency in the MMR- cell line (0.379 ± 0.030%) and an increase in HU-associated mutations. However, in the MMR+ cell line, the GCV + HU resulted in a decrease in the mutation frequency (0.0784 ± 0.042 %), although the unique C->A mutation still predominated. These data demonstrated that the unique GCV-associated mutation was neither detected nor repaired by MMR. In addition, the data suggest that the additive cytotoxicity with GCV and HU in the MMR- cells may be due to an increase in errors in DNA replication. However, in the MMR+ cell line, the addition of HU activates MMR which decreases replication errors, resulting in antagonistic cytotoxicity. Taken together, these results demonstrate that activation of MMR protects cells against GCV cytotoxicity.
Evaluation of a School Counselor-Led Creativity Intervention Group: An Opportunity for School Counselor Leadership and Advocacy

ABSTRACTThis article presents findings from a school counselor-operated creativity enrichment program targeting academically underperforming second-grade students. Results from this pre/posttest study indicate that students in the treatment groups significantly increased their creative ability as measured by the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking when compared to a matched control group. Implications for school counselor advocacy, leadership, and programming are discussed.
Alarm Limits for Intraoperative Drug Infusions: A Report From the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group.

Background Continuous medication infusions are commonly used during surgical procedures. Alarm settings for infusion pumps are considered important for patient safety, but limits are not created in a standardized manner from actual usage data. We estimated 90th and 95th percentile infusion rates from a national database for potential use as upper limit alarm settings. Methods We extracted infusion rate data from 17 major hospitals using intraoperative records provided by Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group for adult surgery between 2008 and 2014. Seven infusions were selected for study: propofol, remifentanil, dexmedetomidine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, nitroglycerin, and esmolol. Each dosage entry for an infusion during a procedure was included. We estimated the 50th, 90th, and 95th percentile levels for each infusion across institutions, and performed quantile regression to examine factors that might affect the percentiles rates, such as use in general anesthesia versus sedation. Results The median 90th and 95th percentile infusion rates (with interquartile range) for propofol were 150 (140-150) and 170 (150-200) μg/kg/min. Quantile regression demonstrated higher 90th and 95th percentile rates during sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy than for all surgical procedures performed under general anesthesia. For selected vasoactive medications, the corresponding median 90th and 95th percentile rates (with interquartile range) were norepinephrine 14.0 (9.8-18.1) and 18.3 (12.6-23.9) μg/min, and phenylephrine 60 (55-80) and 80 (75-100) μg/min. Conclusions Alarm settings based on infusion rate percentile limits would be triggered at predictable rates; ie, the 95th percentile would be exceeded and an alarm sounded during 1 in 20 infusion rate entries. As a result, institutions could establish pump alarm settings consistent with desired alarm frequency using their own or externally validated usage data. Further study will be needed to determine the optimal percentile for infusion alarm settings.
Bacterial Contamination of the Anesthesia Work Area: Hands, Patients, and Things

This chapter describes the bacterial contamination of the anesthesia work area. Even though transmission of pathogens from the inanimate environment to patient’s body surfaces through healthcare worker’s hands has been well documented outside the operating room, the same is not the case inside the operating room. Many factors seem to influence these behaviors inside the operating room, including the misconception that the operating room is sterile and the lack of awareness and follow-up of subsequent healthcare-associated infections that might arise among these patients.
Third order modal degeneracy in waveguids: Features and application in amplifiers

We investigate a particular degeneracy condition in the dispersion of coupled periodic structures causing three eigenmodes to coalesce under proper coupling between eigenmodes supported by the system. This condition is referred to as a stationary inflection point (SIP) which is a third order degeneracy. We also show that by tuning the coupling parameters in the coupled periodic structure, the dispersion can be engineered to exhibit a slight positive or negative group velocity around the SIP frequency rather than zero group velocity. In particular, such regime provides a three-mode synchronous operation with an electron beam which is potentially beneficial for enhancing the efficiency of the traveling wave tubes (TWTs). Therefore, we use the proposed regime to design a SIP-based TWT where we show a gigantic gain enhancement compared to conventional single-mode Pierce-like TWTs.
Geographic evidence of the early anthropogenic hypothesis

Abstract The early anthropogenic hypothesis claims that millennia ago farming began to transform landscapes sufficiently to emit greenhouse gases and extend the natural warmth of the current interglaciation that had been initiated by orbital variations. Part of the debate over the hypothesis during the last dozen years has centered on determining the best orbital analog to the Holocene among prior interglaciations, all of which must have been natural (non-anthropogenic) in origin. Since 2009, dozens of papers have assembled physical geographic evidence that points to the kind of large early agricultural impacts posed by the early anthropogenic hypothesis. These new findings include: pollen and archaeological evidence of carbon dioxide (CO2)-emitting early forest clearance in Europe and China, along with archaeobotanical and archaeological evidence of methane (CH4)-emitting rice irrigation and livestock tending across southern Asia. In addition, mapping of 14C-dated peat deposits has revealed an important CO2 sink of 12C-enriched terrestrial carbon during the last 7000 years that countered the δ13CO2 imprint of emissions from early deforestation. This viewpoint article provides a current perspective on this ongoing debate in the context of these recent findings.
A Long and Twisted Road: The Journey from EAD to ArchivesSpace Implementation at the University of Minnesota

ABSTRACTThis article will provide an overview of the implementation of EAD by the Archives and Special Collections Department, University of Minnesota Libraries, and the decision to implement ArchivesSpace, which necessitated addressing divergent and legacy practices. Some attention will be given to previous efforts to standardize description and accessibility at the University of Minnesota and how those efforts ultimately failed without a centralized content management system.
An automated selection algorithm for nonlinear solvers in MDO

There are two major types of approaches that are used for the multidisciplinary analysis (MDA) of coupled systems: fixed-point-iteration-based approaches and coupled Newton-based approaches. Fixed-point-iteration approaches are easier to implement, but can require a large number of iterations or diverge for strongly coupled problems. On the other hand, coupled-Newton approaches have superior convergence orders, but generally require more effort to implement and have more expensive iterations. Additionally, these two major approaches have many variations, including hybrid approaches where the MDA begins with a fixed-point iteration and then switches to a coupled-Newton approach after a certain number of iterations. However, there is a lack of criteria to govern how to select between these approaches, and when to switch between them in a hybrid approach. This paper compares these approaches and provides an algorithm that can be used to automatically select and switch between them. The proposed algorithm is implemented using OpenMDAO, NASA’s open-source framework for multidisciplinary analysis and optimization, and is tested using OpenAeroStruct, an open-source low-fidelity tool for aerostructural optimization. The results show that the proposed algorithm provides a balance of improved robustness and speed.
Estimates of Averaging Sums

Let again α be an irrational real number. In considering the values R(nα), it is natural to form the sum Open image in new window and to estimate its order of magnitude. Since one expects the values R(nα) to be somewhat evenly distributed around 1/2, it is then better to investigate immediately the sum Open image in new window which gives the average discrepancy between 1/2N and the sum of the remainders. We shall estimate this discrepancy in terms of a type for α.