cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transplantation of GABAergic neurons but not astrocytes induces recovery of sensorimotor function in the traumatically injured brain.

Embryonic stem (ES) cells have been investigated in many animal models of injury and disease. However, few studies have examined the ability of pre-differentiated ES cells to improve functional outcome following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of murine ES cells that were pre-differentiated into GABAergic neurons or astrocytes on functional recovery following TBI. Neural and astrocyte induction was achieved by co-culturing ES cells on a bone marrow stromal fibroblast (M2-10B4) feeder layer and incubating them with various mitogenic factors. Rats were initially prepared with a unilateral controlled cortical contusion injury of the sensorimotor cortex or sham procedure. Rats were transplanted 7 days following injury with ∼100K GABAergic neurons, astrocytes, fibroblasts, or media. Animals were assessed on a battery of sensorimotor tasks following transplantation. The stromal fibroblast cells (M2-10B4), as a control cell line, did not differ significantly from media infusions. Transplantation of GABAergic neurons facilitated complete and total recovery on the vibrissae-forelimb placing test as opposed to all other groups, which failed to show any recovery. It was also found that GABAergic neurons reduced the magnitude of the initial impairment on the limb use test. Histological analysis revealed infiltration of host brain with transplanted neurons and astrocytes. The results of the present study suggest that transplantation of pre-differentiated GABAergic neurons significantly induces recovery of sensorimotor function; whereas, astrocytes do not.
Extensive Diversification of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype B Strains during Dual Infection of a Chimpanzee That Progressed to AIDS

A chimpanzee (C-499) infected for more than 9 years with two subtype B isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), one (HIV-1SF2) that replicates poorly and one (HIV-1LAV-1b) that replicates efficiently in chimpanzees, died of AIDS 11 years after initial infection (F. J. Novembre et al., J. Virol. 71:4086–4091, 1997). Nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the C2 to V5 region of env (C2-V5env) in proviral DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained 22 months before death revealed two distinct virus populations. One of these populations appeared to be a recombinant in env, having the V3 loop from HIV-1SF2 and the V4-V5 region from HIV-1LAV-1b; the other population had evolved from HIV-1LAV-1b. In addition to C2-V5env, the entire p17gag and nef genes were sequenced; however, based on nucleotide sequences and phlyogeny, whether the progenitor of the p17gag and nef genes was SF2 or LAV-1b could not be determined. Compared to the two original viruses, the divergence of all clones of C2-V5env ranged from 9.37 to 20.2%, that of p17gag ranged from 3.11 to 9.29%, and that of nef ranged from 4.02 to 7.9%. In contrast, compared to the maximum variation of 20.2% in C2-V5env for C-499, the maximum diversities in C2-V5env in proviruses from two chimpanzees infected with HIV-1LAV-1b for 9 and 10 years were 9.65 and 2.48%, respectively. These results demonstrate that (i) two distinct HIV-1 populations can coexist and undergo extensive diversification in chimpanzees with progressive HIV-1-induced disease and (ii) recombination between two subtype B strains occurred even though the second strain was inoculated 15 months after the first one. Furthermore, evaluation of env genes from three chimpanzees infected with the same strain suggests that the magnitude of HIV-1 diversification could be related to higher viral burdens, manifestations of disease, and/or dual infection.
Variable sampling of large-array EEG and MEG

Recent development in computer technology has allowed collection of large-array electroencephalograms (EEG) and magnetoencephalograms (MEG) consisting of hundreds of channels. As the amount of collected data increases, there is a clear demand to reduce the data size for efficient database management and network transmission. We investigated this problem and developed a simple method by eliminating data samples at smooth regions of the signal according to the signal's local frequency content. This method has two major advantages over the existing methods, (1) it reduces data size significantly with a controllable distortion, and (2) the data can be displayed directly without decompression.
Digital resonance tuning of high-Q/V m silicon photonic crystal nanocavities by atomic layer deposition

We propose and demonstrate the digital resonance tuning of high-Q/Vm silicon photonic crystal nanocavities using self-limiting atomic layer deposition. Control of resonances of 122 plusmn 18 pm per hafnium oxide atomic layer is achieved.
Ultrastructure of uterine smooth muscle following progesterone or progesterone-estrogen treatment.

The ultrastructural effect of progesterone, alone and in combination with estrogen, on smooth muscle cells of the rat uterus was studied. Adult, bilaterally ovariectomized rats were untreated (controls) or treated with either progesterone (1 mg), estrogen (1 μg) or both on three consecutive days. Uterine muscle cells appeared larger and myofilaments more abundant in the progesterone-treated rats than in the other groups of animals. Many micropinocytotic vesicles and several dense bodies were present in muscle cells of control, progesterone and estrogen-progesterone-treated rats. In the progestrone-treated group, smooth muscle cells contained little granular endoplasmic reticulum and few ribosomes and glycogen particles, similar to the controls. Mitochondria were more numerous than in the control animals but similar to those seen in the estrogen or estrogen-progesterone-treated rats. Although an accumulation of granular endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, glycogen particles and extensive Golgi complexes occurred in both estrogen and estrogen-progesterone-treated rats, they were more extensive in the former group. The observations indicate that progesterone alters the ultrastructure of the smooth muscle cells but not to the degree observed following estrogen stimulation. It does not markedly inhibit the effect of estrogen on the fine structure of the uterine smooth muscle cells. These observations support previous biochemical studies on glycogen concentration, RNA and protein synthesis in the rat uterus.
Acute coronary syndrome cohort definition: troponin versus ICD-9-CM codes

Aim: To determine the accuracy of troponin laboratory results versus International Classification of Diseases clinical modification codes (ICD-9-CM) in identifying acute coronary syndrome (ACS) rule-out (R/O) patients who present to emergency departments (EDs). Materials & methods: Retrospective data analysis and chart review (to establish gold standard) were conducted on ED patients. Data retrieved from a clinical data warehouse were reviewed to identify patients with two or more troponins within 24 h of ED registration and ICD-9-CM codes consistent with ACS R/O. Results: Of 329 charts reviewed, 17 were determined to be ACS R/O. A total of 31 out of 329 (9.42%, 95% CI: 6.26–12.58%) had two or more troponins with a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 77.08–100%) and specificity of 95.51% (95% CI: 92.42–97.43%). A total of 32 out of 329 patients (9.73%, 95% CI: 6.53–12.93%) had R/O ICD-9-CM codes with a sensitivity of 76.47% (95% CI: 49.76–83.00%) and specificity of 93.91% (95% CI: 90.50–96.19%). All 17 gold-stan...
A state-space formulation for externally linear class AB dynamical circuits

The state-space description of externally linear class AB dynamical systems is explored. Motivated by recent work in the area of log domain filtering, a definition for a generic class AB dynamical system is proposed. Following this, a more useful differential state-space formulation is proposed which is intuitively consistent with the nonlinear electronic circuits that implement class AB systems. A discussion of static and dynamic constraints which imply class AB operation, along with a basic theorem, leads to more practical constraints on the state space formulation which will allow class AB externally linear behavior of a system. Next, the results are used to explain the operation of several already-existing basic class AB log domain and exponential state-space filters. Finally, a new generalization to existing class AB circuit topologies is offered.
Consultation with the specialist: Eye trauma: corneal abrasions.

1. Donald H. Tingley, MD* 1. 2. *Assistant Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY. Eye trauma unfortunately is an all-too-common occurrence in the pediatric population. Despite the best precautions, eyes are injured often, even though they are well shielded in the orbits and the eyelid closure reflex is one of the fastest in the body. The damage usually is mild, although painful, with corneal abrasions being the most frequently evaluated trauma. In infancy, there is no gender predilection for eye trauma, but from the ages of 5 to 15 years, boys present with eye trauma more commonly than girls at a ratio of 2:1. The cornea is the transparent tissue at the front of the eye and is composed of several layers. In brief, the most exterior of these layers is the epithelium, which consists of five to six layers of cells and represents the anterior 10% of the cornea. The epithelium overlies Bowman membrane, a strong structural and protective layer. Beneath Bowman membrane is the corneal stroma, which represents about 90% of the thickness of the cornea and is composed of an extremely ordered arrangement of lamellar keratocytes. The stroma is separated from the underlying endothelium by Descemet membrane, another structural support layer. Trauma is defined as an injury by rough contact with a physical object. The trauma causing a corneal abrasion usually results in a loss of one or several of the layers of the corneal epithelium and typically remains superficial to Bowman membrane. Although this membrane is an effective barrier, it can be breached with more significant injury, such as with a sharp or pointed object or a projectile. When trauma is deeper than Bowman membrane, an opaque scar is more likely to result and may cause permanent glare or other visual impairment. In documenting injuries, legal definitions apply: Penetrating eye injuries pass into a structure or tissue without passing through …
A 175‐psec molecular dynamics simulation of camphor‐bound cytochrome P‐450cam

The structure and internal motions of cytochrome P-450cam, a monooxygenase heme enzyme with 414 amino acid residues, with camphor bound at the active site have been evaluated on the basis of a 175-psec molecular dynamics simulation carried out at 300 K. All hydrogen atoms were explicitly modeled, and 204 crystallographic waters were included in the simulation. Based on an analysis of the time course of the trajectory versus potential energy, root mean square deviation, radius of gyration, and hydrogen bonding, the simulation was judged to be stable and representative of the average experimental structure. The averaged structural properties of the enzyme were evaluated from the final 135 psec of the simulation. The average atomic displacement from the X-ray structure was 1.39 A for all heavy atoms and 1.17 A for just C-α atoms. The average root-mean-square (rms) fluctuations of all heavy atoms and backbone atoms were 0.42 and 0.37 A, respectively. The computed rms fluctuations were in reasonable agreement with the experimentally determined temperature factors. All 13 segments of α-helix and 5 segments of β-sheet were well preserved with the exception of the N-terminal half of halix F which alternated between an α-helix and a 310-helix. In addition there were in general only small variations in the relative orientation of adjacent α-helices. The rms fluctuations of the backbone dihedral angles in the secondary structure elements were almost uniformly smaller, with the fluctuation in α-helices and β-sheets, 31 and 10% less, respectively, than those in nonsecondary structure regions. The reported crystal structure contains kinks in both helices C and I. In the simulation, both of these regions showed high mobility and large deviations from their starting positions. Since the kink in the I helix is at the oxygen binding site, these motions may have mechanistic implications.
Sexuality following breast cancer

This article provides sex and marital therapists with detailed, multifaceted descriptions of sexuality after breast cancer based on survey responses from 863 breast cancer survivors. One third of women reported that breast cancer had had a negative impact on her sex life, and most reported negative changes in at least some areas. Nonetheless, breast cancer survivors did not differ from age-matched, healthy women on a standard measure of sexuality. Women who were most likely to report a negative impact on sexuality from cancer were those who had experienced changes in hormonal status, problems in their relationships, and difficulties with vaginal dryness. On the basis of these findings, we offer suggestions for health professionals and therapists treating breast cancer survivors.
A polymer thin‐film technique to study the micromorphology of core/shell latexes

A series of poly(styrene)/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) core-shell latexes were synthesized by seeded emulsion polymerization. The dried latex was dissolved in toluene and then cast on the surface of water to form a very thin film (60–90 nm). Phase separation in the thin film was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Electron micrographs of these thin films yielded fine structure and interesting morphology that was unattainable by ultramicrotoming of the corresponding compression-molded specimens. Glass transition temperatures and percent grafted polystyrene were correlated with the TEM results. As grafting increases, mixing of the two phases improves, with the resulting Tg value being between the two Tg's of poly(styrene) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile).
Coping with API Evolution for Running, Mission-Critical Applications Using Virtual Execution Environment

Recent research showed that the majority of compatibility-breaking changes in a component-based, object-oriented software system are refactorings [5]. The software updating process in such system with the presence of heavily refactored application programming interface (API) is largely manual and disruptive to running, mission-critical applications, which are expected to run continuously without any interruptions. To address the online, API update issue for mission-critical systems, we have developed an online updating framework based on virtual execution environment (VEE) such as Java virtual machine. The framework extends the VEE to take the API change log, which records changes to API components, and seamlessly apply proper updates to the running system without human intervention and without shutting down the system. This framework was implemented as an extension to Jikes Research virtual machine. Our experimental study showed that our online update tool requires little overhead while maintaining the consistent state of the updated running application.
Assessment of Treatment Response after Chemoradiation of Head and Neck Cancer

Accurate early diagnosis and staging is an essential step in the management of recurrent head and neck cancer. Nevertheless, the diagnosis and staging of recurrent head and neck cancer previously treated by radiation therapy often combined with chemotherapy, remains a challenge. The differentiation between radiation induced reaction and recurrent cancer is a difficult clinical and radiological problem. It is clear that timely diagnosis in case of residual or recurrent tumor is of great importance to increase the possibility of cure. A variety of interventions such as office clinical examinations, blood tests, serum tumor marker measurements, imaging studies and endoscopies are being used to follow-up these patients. No single intervention proved to be absolute or complete in being simultaneously sensitive, specific, inexpensive, safe and efficient at detecting suspected recurrence of head and neck cancer, particularly after chemoradiation. In addition to that, there is no clear evidence of what surveillance regimen or frequency is considered the most adequate or effective in this setting. In this article, we analyze the diagnostic difficulties of tumor recurrence after combined treatment with chemotherapy plus radiation therapy and review the role of clinical, endoscopic and imaging techniques in the follow-up of these patients.
Emerging Pharmacological Therapies for the Irritable Bowel Syndrome

The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a symptom-based disorder defined by the presence of abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. Clinical presentations of IBS are diverse, with some patients reporting diarrhea, some constipation, and others a mixture of both. Like the varied clinical phenotypes, the pathogenesis of IBS is also diverse. IBS is not a single disease entity, but rather likely consists of several different disease states. This fact has important implications for the choices and efficacy of IBS treatment. This article reviews the IBS drugs that have reached phase II or III clinical trials.
An Integrated Wireless Intersection Simulator for collision warning systems in vehicular networks

In this paper, we present the architecture of an Integrated Wireless Intersection Simulator (IWIS) that is used to study the effect of different communication-based solutions on vehicle traffic and vehicle behavior in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). IWIS consists of two components, a Vehicle Intersection Traffic Simulator (VITS) that simulates vehicle traffic, and a Wireless Simulator (WS) that simulates wireless packet transmission. The user can provide a variety of traffic configurations such as buildings, traffic lights, and vehicle density through a friendly graphical user interface. The modular nature of our simulator gives the ability to compare different communication protocols easily. The output from WS (packet collision rate and transmission delay) is fed to a collision warning system in VITS. We evaluate IWIS under different traffic conditions and different MAC protocols.
An optimization framework for monitoring multi-channel multi-radio wireless mesh networks

This paper studies an optimal monitoring problem for behavior-based detection in multi-channel multi-radio wireless mesh networks. In behavior-based detection, nodes overhear communications in their neighborhood to determine if the behaviors of their neighbors are legitimate. The objective of this work is to maximize the number of nodes being monitored by judiciously choosing a set of monitoring nodes and also channels for the chosen monitoring nodes. This problem is NP-hard, growing exponentially with the number of monitoring nodes. We develop three approximation algorithms, each of which achieves at least a constant factor of the optimum. Furthermore, one of our algorithms achieves the best possible approximation ratio among all polynomial-time algorithms, unless P=NP. We conduct simulations in random networks and scale-free networks to evaluate the coverage and the execution time of the three algorithms.
Reshaping marital power: How dual-career newlywed couples create equality in Singapore

Movement toward gender equality occurs in incremental steps, but how such change occurs has not been well studied. A qualitative analysis of 20 heterosexual Singaporean couples identified the processes that equalize power within couple relationships. Results reveal that (i) prioritizing women's careers encourages men to change role expectations, take on household tasks, value wives' contributions and emotionally attend to them, and encourages women to seek influence, and (ii) the shift toward equality occurs within a gender structure where men retain the ultimate choice regarding power shifts and wives find ways to influence them. Though the shifts are gradual and partial, they constitute potential recalibrations of institutional gender hierarchy as new expectations flow between couple relationships and the larger social arena.
Swing-free transport of suspended objects: a general treatment

It is shown that there is a family of control strategies that result in swing-free movement of objects suspended from a movable point (e.g. a bridge crane). While it is possible to control the swing with acceleration periods of arbitrary length, it is necessary in that case to know the period of the suspended object, which requires knowledge of the location of the object's center of mass. In a practical application of this result, the best strategy is to build a sensing system into the bridge and crane hook that allows the crane to recognize when the hook is directly below its support point. The control strategy is then to accelerate for one full period, which is recognized when the hook returns to the point directly below its support point. If the bridge continues to move at this velocity, the suspended object will not swing. To stop in a swing-free state, the crane begins to decelerate at the same rate as it accelerated, starting at a distance from its goal equal to the distance traveled while accelerating. >
Evaluating the Benefits of Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring

The benefits from monitoring that are aimed at reducing postoperative neurological deficits should be evaluated on their abilities to reduce the risk of iatrogenic injuries to the nervous system in patients who are operated upon and to improve the quality of medical care in general, as well as on their ability to provide economic savings in the service of evidence based medicine. Intraoperative monitoring of the facial nerve has been regarded as a standard of care in connection with surgical removal of vestibular schwannoma for many years (1). Investigators (Sala et al. 2002 (2)) have concluded that published studies provide sufficient evidence to recommend intraoperative monitoring as a standard of care in many kinds of surgical operations. After they surveyed various studies in the literature on outcome and complications, these authors recommend that monitoring be performed in operations on supratentorial CNS structures (tumors, aneurysms, etc.), brain stem tumors, intramedullary spinal cord tumors, conus and cauda equina tumors, rhizotomy for relief of spasticity and spina bifida with tethered cord.
Our Energy and Complexity Dilemma: Prospects for the Future

If fish were scientists, suggests our colleague T. F. H. Allen, the last thing they would discover would be water. We are not sure where this saying originates. Something like it appeared in The New York Times in 1920 in a report on a talk by British scientist Sir Oliver Lodge. “Imagine a deep-sea fish at the bottom of the ocean,” lectured Sir Oliver. “It is surrounded by water; it lives in water; it breathes water. Now, what is the last thing that fish would discover? I am inclined to believe that the last thing the fish would be aware of would be water.”1 We like a variant of this conundrum: imagine that you could talk to a fish, and ask the question: Is your nose wet?
Explaining the Mental Health Disparity by Sexual Orientation The Importance of Social Resources

This study examines the role of social integration and social support, a significant yet under-investigated factor in mental health disparities by sexual orientation. By analyzing National Health a...
Attractiveness of Baited and Unbaited Lures to Apple Maggot and Beneficial Flies

Stikem®-coated baited and unbaited 7.5-cm-diameter red wooden spheres and yellow panels, 30 cm square, were hung from apple tree branches to determine their effectiveness for attracting Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) adults and beneficial flies. Addition of ammonium acetate and Sheffield Hy Case 802 protein hydrolysate to red apple-size spheres increased their attractiveness for apple maggot adults in late July but did not from mid- to late-August. Addition of the ammonium acetate-protein hydrolysate bait to red spheres and yellow panels increased their attractiveness for beneficial tachinid flies.
Photoconductive (PC) and Photovoltaic (PV) Dual-Mode Operation III–V Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors for 2–14 μm IR Detection

We present four new types of III–V quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) operating in photoconductive (PC) and photovoltaic (PV) modes for the wavelength range from 2 to 14 Pμm. These dual-mode (DM) operation QWIPs were grown by the MBE technique using GaAs/AlGaAs, AlAs/AlGaAs, and InGaAs/InAlAs material systems. Based on the bound-to-miniband (BTM) and the enhanced bound-to-continuum (BTC) intersub-band transition schemes, these detectors provide the features of large absorption coefficient, low dark current, and high detectivity in the wavelength of interest, and show promising for use in large area IR focal plane array image sensor applications.
A powertrain loss model for the flyback AC module with pseudo-dc link in continuous conduction mode

AC modules or micro-inverters (MIC) are an important part of photovoltaic (PV) power systems. In particular, the flyback MIC with a current-unfolder, otherwise known as flyback MIC with pseudo-dc link (FMICpseudo-dc), has attracted a lot of research interest. The objective of this paper is to propose a compact theoretical loss model for the power train when the FMICpseudo-dc operates in the continuous conduction mode (CCM). The theoretical evaluation is compared with experimental results for a 110W digitally-controlled prototype. The loss model shows a good match with the experimental results in the mid-to-nominal power regions.
Ectopic ACTH Production Leading to Diagnosis of Underlying Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) has been described as a source of ectopic ACTH secretion in patients with Cushing's syndrome. This is an infrequent association, occurring in less than 1% of MTC cases. Among these, it is even more unusual for an initial diagnosis of hypercortisolism to lead to the discovery of underlying MTC. Here we present a case of a patient with weakness, diarrhea, and hypokalemia who was found first to have Cushing's syndrome and later diagnosed with metastatic MTC. The patient was treated initially with oral agents to control his hypercortisolism, then with an etomidate infusion after experiencing intestinal perforation. He also received vandetanib therapy targeting his underlying malignancy, as this has been shown to reverse clinical signs of Cushing's syndrome in patients with MTC and subsequent ectopic ACTH secretion. Bilateral adrenalectomy was ultimately required. Medullary thyroid carcinoma should be considered in patients presenting with Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic ACTH secretion, and a multimodality treatment approach is often required.
Analysis on A Case of Collective Food Poisoning Occurred in A PrimarySchool Caused by the Food Catering

Objective To investigate the cause of a collective food poisoning case occurred in a primary school caused by the food catered from a food company. Method Base on the epidemiological survey data, field hygiene survey data, clinical symptoms of the patients and testing results, the causation of the food poisoning was analyzed. Result According to the standard disposal principle of Staphylococcus food poisoning (WS/T80-1996), the incident was caused by the food which was contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus,preserved and carried to the primary school under normal temperature for hours. The staphylococcal enterotoxin excreted by Staphylococcus aureus in food was the direct causation of the collective food poisoning. Conclusion It is significant to enhance the supervision in food catering area for food safety while more and more such kind dietetic services come into schools.
Reactions of m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid with dimeric cyclopalladated complexes derived from 2-phenyl-2-oxazolines

Cyclopalladated complexes (CPCs) (S,S)-di-μ-Cl(κ2-C,N)2Pd2 (1a,b) and (S,S)-di-μ-OAc(κ2-C,N)2Pd2 (7a,b) obtained from (S)-4-t-butyl-(a) and (S)-4-ethyl-2-phenyl-2-oxazoline (b) were reacted with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA) at room temperature in methylene chloride, ethyl acetate or acetonitrile followed by workup with lithium chloride. Oxidation products formed in these reactions include dinuclear complexes (S,S)-di-μ-Cl(κ2-N,O)2Pd2 (2a), (S,S)-di-μ-oxo(κ2-N,O)2Pd2Cl2 (2b), and (S,S)-di-μ-(m-Cl-C6H4CO2)(κ2-N,O)2Pd2 (3a,b), mononuclear derivatives (S,S)-bis(κ2-N,O)Pd (4a,b) and dinuclear monooxidation complexes (S,S)-di-μ-Cl(κ2-N,O)(κ2-C,N)Pd2 (5a,b). Each complex was isolated in low yield (6–46 %) with the combined yield of oxidation products reaching up to 64 %. The best selectivity in product distribution was observed for the reactions of μ-OAc–CPCs 7a,b with 2.7 equiv. of m-CPBA in acetonitrile, in which oxygen-insertion adducts 2a and 4b were isolated in 44 and 46 % yields, respectively. The structures of all complexes were supported by spectroscopic methods. An X-ray crystallographic study of compound 4a was performed, confirming its mononuclear structure and revealing an unusual bent geometry.
The Impact of Investor Information Processing Costs on Firm Disclosure Choice: Evidence from the XBRL Mandate.

This paper examines the effect of investor information processing costs on firms’ disclosure choice. Using the recent eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) regulation as an exogenous shock to investors’ processing costs, but not to firms’ disclosure requirements, I find that firms increase their quantitative footnote disclosures after adoption of XBRL detailed tagging requirements designed to reduce investor processing costs. These results hold in a difference-in-difference design using non-adopting firms as the control group. To reinforce my finding that the disclosure increase is prompted by reduced investor processing costs, I examine cross-sectional settings where investor processing costs are likely to vary, showing that the disclosure increase is greater for firms where detailed information is more pertinent than summary measures (those with operations in multiple industries, more volatile earnings, and more disperse analyst forecasts), and smaller for firms with sophisticated investors. These findings suggest that investor processing costs can be significant enough to impact firms’ disclosure decisions.
Filamentous Hydrous Ferric Oxide Biosignatures in a Pipeline Carrying Acid Mine Drainage at Iron Mountain Mine, California

ABSTRACTA pipeline carrying acidic mine effluent at Iron Mountain, CA, developed Fe(III)-rich precipitate caused by oxidation of Fe(II)aq. The native microbial community in the pipe included filamentous microbes. The pipe scale consisted of microbial filaments, and schwertmannite (ferric oxyhydroxysulfate, FOHS) mineral spheres and filaments. FOHS filaments contained central lumina with diameters similar to those of microbial filaments. FOHS filament geometry, the geochemical environment, and the presence of filamentous microbes suggest that FOHS filaments are mineralized microbial filaments. This formation of textural biosignatures provides the basis for a conceptual model for the development and preservation of biosignatures in other environments.
Multidimensional Empirical Processes: Some Comments*

1. Summary This paper reviews some results for multidimensional empirical processes and Brownian sheets when they are indexed by families of sets. Open problems concerning the weak convergence of empirical processes in this context are discussed. A particular result is given concerning the asymptotic distribution of one possible definition of the inverse empirical or quantile process in the two-dimensional case.
TRALI following fresh frozen plasma resuscitation from burn shock

Abstract Introduction Resuscitation from burn shock using fresh frozen plasma (FFP) has been described. Critics of FFP resuscitation cite the development of transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) as a deterrent to its use. This study examines the occurrence of TRALI with FFP resuscitation of critically ill burned patients. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of severely burned patients who received FFP resuscitation. Data points included age, TBSA, TBSA full thickness, presence of alternate etiologies of acute lung injury, total FFP administered, and signs and symptoms of TRALI as defined per the Canadian Blood Services Consensus Conference. Results Eighty-three patients met the definition of severe burn and received FFP resuscitation. Of those, 65 met exclusion criteria. Eighteen patients were left for analysis with only one found to have signs and symptoms of TRALI. That patient suffered a 53.5% TBSA burn, received a total of 6228 ml FFP, had no competing etiologies of ALI, and was diagnosed with TRALI within 6 h of completing the FFP transfusion. Conclusion The possible occurrence of TRALI in burn patients receiving FFP resuscitation should be weighed against the reported benefits of such a resuscitation strategy.
Spectrum sharing of VMES terminals with fixed service stations

Vehicle-mounted earth stations (VMES) use satellite links that operate in the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) and most of the frequencies allocated to FSS in the Ka-band are shared, on a co-primary basis, with the Fixed Service (FS), which is the terrestrial radio communication service between fixed stations. In this paper interference from a network of VMES terminals to a victim FS receiver is analyzed to facilitate spectrum sharing of VMES terminals with FS systems.
Haploidentical transplantation (HaploSCT) with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) and melphalan-based conditioning: A retrospective analysis of the first 100 patients treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center.

7017 Background: Outcomes of HaploSCT have recently improved with the use of post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy). Here we report results of the first 100 pts treated at our institution bet...
Measurements of the Effective Atomic Numbers of Alloys using Thick-Target Bremsstrahlung Intensities

Abstract We have investigated the accuracy with which the effective atomic number (Zeff) of an alloy can be measured using the intensity of the thick-target bremsstrahlung produced by low-energy electrons incident on the alloy target. The experiments involved 5 keV-electron beams incident on thick brass, Ni/Fe/Mo, C-276, and stainless steel targets. By comparing the data obtained using alloy targets to the data obtained using a high-purity aluminum target and data from a previous study performed by our group (in which the Z-dependence of thick-target bremsstrahlung was studied), the Zeff values of the alloy targets were measured and compared to theoretical values. While the experimental Zeff values of the stainless steel and Ni/Fe/Mo targets were in relatively good agreement with the theoretical values, the experimental Zeff values of the brass and C-276 targets were not.
Modules and Ideals

The concept of a module that we consider in this chapter is a composite notion based on the concepts of a ring and of a group with operators. Modules are of fundamental importance in the study of homomorphisms of abstract rings into rings of endomorphisms of commutative groups (so-called representation theory). This was first recognized by Emmy Noether. Previously the concept of a module had made its appearance in the theory of algebraic numbers.
Critical curvature localization in graphene. I. Quantum-flexoelectricity effect.

Here, we report the discovery of a new, curvature-localizing, subcritical buckling mode that produces shallow-kink corrugation in multi-layer graphene. Our density functional theory (DFT) analysis ...
Selective Oxidation of Saturated Hydrocarbons by the Gif and Gif-Orsay Systems

The Gif system1,2 for the selective oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons consists of pyridine (as solvent), acetic acid (or other carboxylic acid), zinc powder (as source of electrons), oxygen and an iron salt as catalyst. The iron salt is rapidly complexed with ortho-dlpyrldyl (produced by reduction of pyridine). This system is interesting because it oxidizes hydrocarbons selectively at the secondary positions giving mainly ketones. Primary and tertiary positions give minor amounts of products. This substitution pattern excludes a radical attack (as in the Fenton reagent). However, adamantane shows exceptional behavior in that tertiary oxidation products arise, at least in part, from carbon radical. This radical partitions itself between oxygen and pyridine. Reduction of oxygen pressure increases the apparent selectivity of the reaction and leads to increased formation of tertiary pyridine coupled products. No such behavior is seen at the secondary position which is, therefore, oxidized without involving carbon radicals.
Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Polymer-Based Multi-phase Particulate Composites

Multi-constituent particulate composites consist of individual particles of more than one material dispersed throughout and held together by a polymer binder. The mechanical and physical properties of the composite depend on the mechanical and physical properties of the individual components, particularly the binder; their loading density; the shape and size of the particles; the interfacial adhesion; residual stresses; and matrix porosity. Multi-constituent composites with cast-cure epoxy binder have been presented recently. In this study, the microstructure is varied by injection molding PMMA-based composites. The dynamic mechanical properties of PMMA-based and epoxy-based composites are measured using a split Hopkinson pressure bar. The mechanical properties of these composites are compared.
Full-Scale Experimental Measurement of Barge Impact Loads on Bridge Piers

Bridges that span navigable waterways must be designed to resist potential impact loads associated with barge or ship collisions. Despite this fact, few experimental data have been collected about the magnitude and nature of such loads. Vessel-impact components of bridge design specifications, such as the AASHTO bridge design provisions, are therefore based on limited experimental data. Recently, a bridge in the United States (Florida) was replaced with a new structure and thus afforded a unique opportunity to conduct full-scale barge impact tests on piers of the preexisting structure before it was demolished. Tests were conducted on two piers with fundamentally different types of foundation systems. Tests on one pier also were repeated in two structural configurations (with the superstructure present and then with it removed). In each test, instrumentation and high-speed data acquisition systems were used to quantify the dynamic loads generated during controlled collision events. Experimental procedures used during the tests are described, and selected test results are presented, including experimentally measured dynamic impact loads and associated barge deformations. Comparisons are then presented between experimentally collected data and the current AASHTO barge impact bridge design provisions.
Real-Time Force-Feedback Micromanipulation Using Mobile Microrobots With Colored Fiducials

This letter reports the design and fabrication of wirelessly controlled mobile microrobots with an on-board vision-based two-dimensional microforce sensor for use in force-guided micromanipulation tasks. The microforce sensing mobile microrobots ( $\mu$ FSMM) presented here exhibit compliant end-effectors with different stiffnesses and color tracking fiducials, which are used in conjunction with computer vision algorithms to provide real-time microforce feedback to the user when performing teloperated micromanipulation tasks. The stiffness of the compliant springs has been tailored to provide an in situ micronewton level force detection capability with sub- $\mu$ N resolution for the first time to mobile microrobots. The $\mu$ FSMMs can be used in the fields of mechanobiology, theranostics, and for force-guided micromanipulation tasks with delicate structures, such as biological cells.
FREE PERFORATION IN REGIONAL ENTERITIS. REPORT OF A CASE.

1. A case of regional enteritis with free perforation and diffuse pertonitis is reported. 2. Free perforation is a rare occurrence in the course of regional enteritis.
Four deaths resulting from abuse of nitrous oxide.

Nitrous oxide is a weak anesthetic gas, used alone for dental work and as an adjunct to more potent anesthetics in major surgical procedures. It is the only inorganic gas that is practical for clinical anesthesia. Like all the anesthetic drugs, nitrous oxide has been subject to abuse. Unlike the other anesthetic agents, where the abuse is almost exclusively by medical personnel, nitrous oxide has been abused by the general public.
Status of an alien turtle in city park waters and its potential threats to local biodiversity: the red-eared slider in Beijing

Invasive alien species pose a serious threat to native biodiversity and the ecosystem structure through predation or competition, and this threat is especially severe in China. Red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) were introduced to mainland China to meet demands for food, traditional Chinese medicine, and the pet trade. However, there has been a lack of field surveys to assess the population, behavior and ecological impacts of introduced red-eared sliders in urban aquatic ecosystems in northern China. We conducted such research in 33 urban parks in Beijing from April to November 2016. The alien sliders were recorded on 514 occasions at 19 parks, and 45 individuals were captured from 4 parks to evaluate their diet composition and reproductive status. The observations showed that red-eared sliders accounted for 95% of the recorded turtles in the parks. The male to female ratio was 1.0:3.5, and the ratio of adults to juveniles was 1.0:3.1. According to stomach content analysis, the sliders fed mainly on animals: the dominant prey were Gastropoda, Osteichthyes, Crustacea, Hexapoda, Bivalvia, Reptilia and Aves in descending order. The high frequency (83%) of follicles and oviduct development in adult females suggested a strong reproductive capacity, which was further supported by one case of early female maturity. Bacteriological examinations demonstrated that the carrying rate of Salmonella bacteria was up to 17.6%. This study demonstrated that red-eared sliders have successfully colonized the waters of urban parks in Beijing and potentially threaten native aquatic biodiversity.
Cognitive and behavioral components of resilience to stress

Abstract Resilience refers to possessing a set of adaptive characteristics that enable an individual to cope with and recover from (or even thrive after) stress or trauma. There are neurobiological factors associated with resilience, including genetic factors, neurochemical systems, and the functioning of specific neural networks. Psychosocial factors also contribute to resilience, and in this chapter, we review the psychosocial factors most strongly associated with resilience in the scientific literature: optimism, cognitive flexibility, active coping skills, social support networks, physical activity, and a personal moral compass. This chapter focuses on the cognitive and behavioral components of these factors and provides strategies for cultivating these factors to promote resilience.
Rafael Correa’s Technopopulism in Comparative Perspective

This chapter compares Rafael Correa’s technocratic populism with past and contemporary populist administrations in Latin America. Correa embodied within his persona both the populist and the expert. He claimed to head a government of experts with the know-how to usher his nation into progress and hypermodernity, all the while using populist tactics to transform his rivals into enemies. As other populists Correa concentrated power in the hands of the president, instrumentally used the legal system to punish critics, entered into war with the media and autonomous organizations of civil society, and created loyal social movements from the top down. At the same time, he failed to control and regulate the public sphere and civil society, and left some spaces for journalists, social movement activists, and politicians to voice their dissent.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Productivity During Residency for 125 Hand Surgery Fellows

Purpose Research output is 1 element of a multifactorial process that fellowships consider when evaluating applicants. Hand fellowships present a unique circumstance in which applicants from various specialties—plastic surgery, orthopedic surgery, or general surgery—may apply. This project aims to assess and compare the research output among current hand surgery fellows who received their residency training in plastic surgery vs. orthopedic surgery. Methods This project was a cross-sectional study of current hand surgery fellows for the 2018-2019 academic year affiliated with Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited hand surgery fellowship programs in the United States. Fellows were identified using departmental websites, and their bibliometric profiles were found on SCOPUS. The study variables collected were bibliometric (total number of publications, total number of citations, total number of first-author publications, maximum number of citations for a single work, h-index) and demographic (gender, training background). Descriptive analyses were performed as well as logistic regressions. Results According to National Resident Matching Program, 170 applicants successfully matched to hand surgery fellowships for the 2018 appointment year. A total of 125 (74%) hand surgery fellows were identified across 83 programs. Thirty-five fellows (28%) received their residency training in plastic surgery, 85 in orthopedic surgery (68%), and 5 in general surgery (4%). Fellows published a total of 436 peer-reviewed publications. Bibliometric measures of total number of publications, total citations, maximum citations for a single work, and h-index were significantly higher among fellows with a plastic surgery background than those with an orthopedic surgery background. Total publications, total citations, maximum citations, and h-index remained significant when controlling for gender and residency affiliation (academic vs. community). Conclusions The majority of current hand fellows attended orthopedic residencies. However, fellows from plastic surgery residencies have higher research productivity than their orthopedic surgery counterparts.
Social Work as a Product and Project of Whiteness, 1607–1900

Whiteness is a distinctive feature of historical and contemporary social work. Consequently, histories of social work do not reflect this fact; for a defining quality of whiteness is that it does n...
A Simulation Study on the Impact of IoT Traffic in a Smart-city LTE Network

The massive introduction of traffic from the Internet of Things (IoT), particularly in smart-city scenarios, needs to be supported by a steady, pervasive and reliable communication infrastructure. Cellular networks, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 5G, are considered a popular solution to support the increasing amount of traffic from IoT, especially in smart cities. However, a massive deployment of IoT devices in existing cellular infrastructures can jeopardize the communication of human users and the overall network performance. In this study, the coexistence of IoT traffic and human users in a smart-city LTE infrastructure was studied through simulation using the SimuLTE software. Real geographical data were employed on the position of LTE base stations and IoT devices, retrieved from publicly available sources. Key network indicators, such as user throughput and cell utilization, were adopted to analyze both network and user performance. Simulation results showed a considerable performance degradation when IoT traffic is introduced into the network.