cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensation‐Seeking Attributes Associated with Storm‐Chasing Tourists: Implications for Future Engagement

This study explores recreational storm chasing, a new form of niche tourism. In particular, this study examines sensation-seeking traits associated with participants' socio-demographics, storm-chasing involvement and tour satisfaction levels. Results show that recreational storm chasers scored highest on Experience Seeking and lowest on Boredom Susceptibility sensation-seeking dimensions. Correlation tests showed that several socio-demographic, storm-chasing involvement and tour satisfaction indicators are associated with Thrill and Adventure Seeking, Boredom Susceptibility, and Experience Seeking dimensions. Marketing and management implications of study results also are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Religions of the Ancient Near East: Practice in Egypt

Today old age has begun for you, and potency has left you. Think about the day of burial, the passing over to an honored state. – Tale of Sinuhe (in Simpson 2003: 62) They were all confused to be taken out of the classroom, and they thought their songs were not really ready for public performance. Still, this was what they had been practicing for, some of them actually for years. The little girls were wearing their long white formal robes, and each had flowers placed in her hair. They were supposed to sing a mourning song as the high official heaved into view, and their hair had been let down so they would appear to be in mourning. But they were not unhappy. The king had died years ago. They were simply being educated to keep up the mourning rituals so that his soul could be made happy in the West. To achieve that end, ladies had to sing at least once a day; it was an easy job, they were constantly told. They did not even have to grind grain or do any of the other tasks that women usually had to do. They did, however, have to get the songs right. So they waited patiently in their fine clothes, the first words playing through their minds.
ASSESSMENT OF MARITAL DISCORD IN SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE

This paper rcports the revalidation findings of the "Index of Marital Satisfaction" (IMS) that were obtaincd from three separate studies. The scale was found to have a reliability in excess of .90 and it also has excellent discriminant, construct, content, and factorial validity. The IMS scale has bccn revised so that it can be used with unmarried partners. Findings are also presented to show how marital relationship problems relate to a number of other problems in personal and social functioning and to several biological and social characteristics of respondents.
Trends in rates of acetaminophen-related adverse events in the United States

PURPOSE: The goal of this study is to summarize trends in rates of adverse events attributable to acetaminophen use, including hepatotoxicity and mortality. METHODS: A comprehensive analysis of data from three national surveillance systems estimated rates of acetaminophen-related events identified in different settings, including calls to poison centers (2008-2012), emergency department visits (2004-2012), and inpatient hospitalizations (1998-2011). Rates of acetaminophen-related events were calculated per setting, census population, and distributed drug units. RESULTS: Rates of poison center calls with acetaminophen-related exposures decreased from 49.5/1000 calls in 2009 to 43.5/1000 calls in 2012. Rates of emergency department visits for unintentional acetaminophen-related adverse events decreased from 58.0/1000 emergency department visits for adverse drug events in 2009 to 50.2/1000 emergency department visits in 2012. Rates of hospital inpatient discharges with acetaminophen-related poisoning decreased from 119.8/100 000 hospitalizations in 2009 to 108.6/100 000 hospitalizations in 2011. After 2009, population rates of acetaminophen-related events per 1 million census population decreased for poison center calls and hospitalizations, while emergency department visit rates remained stable. However, when accounting for drug sales, the rate of acetaminophen-related events (per 1 million distributed drug units) increased after 2009. Prior to 2009, the rates of acetaminophen-related hospitalizations had been slowly increasing (p-trend = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Acetaminophen-related adverse events continue to be a public health burden. Future studies with additional time points are necessary to confirm trends and determine whether recent risk mitigation efforts had a beneficial impact on acetaminophen-related adverse events. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Language: en
Effect of Dielectric Roughness on Performance of Pentacene TFTs and Restoration of Performance with a Polymeric Smoothing Layer

The morphology, structure, and transport properties of pentacene thin film transistors (TFTs) are reported showing the influence of the gate dielectric surface roughness. Upon roughening of the amorphous SiO2 gate dielectric prior to pentacene deposition, dramatic reductions in pentacene grain size and crystallinity were observed. The TFT performance of pentacene films deposited on roughened substrates showed reduced free carrier mobility, larger transport activation energies, and larger trap distribution widths. Spin coating roughened dielectrics with polystyrene produced surfaces with 2 A root-mean-square (rms) roughness. The pentacene films deposited on these coated surfaces had grain sizes, crystallinities, mobilities, and trap distributions that were comparable to the range of values observed for pentacene films deposited on thermally grown SiO2 (roughness also ∼2 A rms).
Growing up in rural Galilee, Palestine: memories of childhood geographies

This paper reconstructs the author’s geographies of childhood growing up as a Palestinian in a small village in the Galilee in the early 1950s. It seeks to narrate his experience as a ‘shepherd boy and a schoolboy’ at a certain phase of his life. This type of duality in performance of tasks in everyday life – being a schoolboy but also a shepherd/goatherd contributing to the family’s work, and the maintenance of the household and home from a young age – is presented as a revealing experiential autoethnographic window. It becomes a prism for exploring spatial memory and attachment, and for reading a place and understanding what such places mean to their indigenous inhabitants and occupiers (i.e. people are not ‘thrown’ into places but they make them). The paper further demonstrates that indigenous attachment by individuals to their home place can be a catalyst for political resistance and directly challenge forces emanating from state ideology, as illustrated here in the case of Palestine. Today, as 60 yea...
Pulmonary Fungus Infections Associated with Steroid and Antibiotic Therapy

SUMMARY Twenty cases of pulmonary fungus infection due to Aspergillus, Mucor, and Candida were observed at necropsy during the past three years at Charity Hospital at New Orleans. Nineteen of them were associated with steroid and/or antibiotic therapy. The incidence of pulmonary fungus infection due to so-called "saprophytic" fungi has increased in recent years and appears to be related to the use of steroids and antibiotics in chronically ill patients. Awareness of the hazard of such infections is necessary in prevention or in diagnosis and treatment.
A cross‐cultural study of the phasic progression of self‐esteem in teen challenge

An attempt is made to analyze the effects of the Teen Challenge program in the self‐esteem of rehabilitants, and to determine if, indeed, any relationship exists. The importance of self‐esteem as a psycho‐social concept has emerged in recognition of man's needs for feelings of self‐worth. Central to this concept are the seminal formulations of White, Cooley, Coopersmith, Goffmann, and Harris. Additionally, Maslow's “hierarchy of needs” brings this concept into focus. Cooley notes that self‐concept emerges as a result of a series of interactions and appraisals of other people. The self‐concept, as it relates to self‐esteem, is also of major concern to the Teen Challenge program, the subject of this research. Teen Challenge is a therapeutic community seeking the resocialization of drug addicts, criminals, juvenile delinquents, prostitutes, alcoholics and other deviant types. This program is a three‐phase (orientation; training; re‐entry), one‐year residential program which uses the soteriological approach (...
Neighborhood safety as a correlate of tobacco use in a sample of urban, pregnant women

Objectives Environmental context has been increasingly recognized as an important determinant of health behavior. This study examined the effects of self-reported neighborhood violence and perceived safety on tobacco use in a sample of low-income, pregnant women.
Note on an extension of the Moore-Penrose inverse

Abstract The defining equations for the Moore-Penrose inverse of a matrix are extended to give a unique type of generalized inverse for matrices over arbitrary fields.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Demographic Index of Cultural Exposure (DICE) in Two Mexican-Origin Community Samples

Reliability and validity evidence is provided for the Demographic Index of Cultural Exposure (DICE), consisting of six demographic proxy indicators of acculturation, within two community samples of...
Bone Metabolism in Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia nervosa (AN), a psychiatric disorder predominantly affecting young women, is characterized by self-imposed, chronic nutritional deprivation and distorted body image. AN is associated with a number of medical comorbidities including low bone mass. The low bone mass in AN is due to an uncoupling of bone formation and bone resorption, which is the result of hormonal adaptations aimed at decreasing energy expenditure during periods of low energy intake. Importantly, the low bone mass in AN is associated with a significant risk of fractures and therefore treatments to prevent bone loss are critical. In this review, we discuss the hormonal determinants of low bone mass in AN and treatments that have been investigated in this population.
The K+p interaction from 864 to 1585 MeV/c; Cross sections and mass distributions☆

Abstract In this paper we present, for five momenta from 864 to 1585 MeV/c, cross sections for stable final states and for resonance production, and an analysis of the KNπ Dalitz plots including the effects of K ∗ (891) − Δ(1236) interference. We see strong interference at all momenta where the K∗ is present, with the relative phase of the K∗N and KΔ amplitudes remaining constant as a function of momentum. We combine our cross-section results with those from other experiments to study the momentum dependence of the partial cross sections in the region of the 1250 MeV/c peak in the total cross section; we find that the total cross-section curve can be represented as the sum of partial cross-section curves, each one smooth and without a peak corresponding to that in the total cross section. Thus this structure is not due to structure in any single partial cross section, but rather to the sharp rises of the single- and double-pion-production channels at widely separated thresholds. This interpretation is at variance with a conventional resonance interpretation of the observed structure in the total cross section.
Reply to: Comments on “Notes on the appropriateness of ‘bred modes’ for generating initial perturbations”

In our paper (Errico and Langland, 1999; hereafter short-term forecasts, as indicated in predictability EL) examining the theoretical arguments sup- studies using singular vectors (SVs) cited in EL, porting the appropriateness of ‘‘bred growing vec- then even if such errors are smaller, they may be tors’’ (BGVs), we attempted to clarify a number more important to consider. of issues and claims that have been presented by Toth et al. (1999) make a number of claims that other investigators. We focused on the most recent EL have not presented their criticism carefully paper (Szunyogh et al., 1997; hereafter SKT) that and have misrepresented statements in SKT. was available to us at the time of writing that Examples are the claims regarding discussion in expounded these arguments as well as some sup- EL about errors in attributing rapid SV growth porting papers referenced in it (Iyengar et al., to geostrophic adjustment. While EL did not state 1996). We believed several details of those argu- that SVs are entirely geostrophically balanced or ments, especially those regarding the relation that predictability studies using SVs have between BGVs and analysis errors, were contro- addressed this issue, EL did cite several papers versial, and that the community needed to be that present evidence that perturbed gravitational aware of this before attempting to apply or inter- modes do not grow appreciably in models. EL pret BGVs in ensemble prediction, data assimila- were also very careful to distinguished fast from tion, or observation targeting. slow gravity waves when relevant. Additionally, The primary criticism raised in EL was that the although SKT interpreted Ehrendorfer and Errico limited, imperfect, and inhomogeneous nature of (1995) as demonstrating that geostrophic adjustobservations appears neglected in the theoretical ment can yield exceptionally large growth of an arguments relating BGVs to the character of ana- energy norm, they failed to note the experiments lysis errors, and therefore the validity of applica- described therein supporting the alternative tions of BGVs based on that relationship is explanation that such growth was spuriously due questionable. Some statistics or aspects of BGVs to improper expression of the norm. may be similar to those of a portion of analysis Unfortunately, space does not permit us the errors produced by a data assimilation system, opportunity to address the response by Toth et al. but no indisputable evidence has been oVered that (1999) to our paper in greater detail here. We still this portion is greatest in either magnitude or support our previous comments. We do not believe importance. In particular, if initially small-scale we have made misleading statements, furthered baroclinic errors have greater eVect on subsequent confusion, or neglected directly relevant works published before our paper (or even since then, so far as we know). Anyone wanting a detailed
Thrust-ridge paleodepositional model for the Upper Freeport coal bed and associated clastic facies, Upper Potomac coal field, Appalachian Basin, U.S.A.

Abstract A blind-thrust-ridge model is proposed to explain the lack of coarse clastic material in the vast minable Upper Freeport coal bed (UF). This coal bed contains only fine elastic partings and is overlain by regionally extensive, closely spaced channel-belt deposits in the Upper Potomac coal field of the Appalachian basin. A blind-thrust ridge may have formed a sediment trap and prevented c coarse fluvial sediments from entering the swamp during a period (Westphalian D) when the thick Upper Freeport peat accumulated. Anticlinal thrust ridges and associated depressions may have existed uninterrupted for about 40 km parallel to the Appalachian orogen. Sediment shed from the breached anticlinal ridges accumulated in the sediment trap and was carried out of the ends of the trap by streams that occupied the shear zone at the ends of the blind-thrust ridge. The extent, parallel to the orogen, of thick, areally extensive UF is related to the length of the blind-thrust ridge that, in turn, controlled the spacing of the river-derived coarse clastic sediments that entered the main basin from the east. The thrust plane eventually emerged to the surface of the blind-thrust ridge and peat accumulation was terminated when the ridge became eroded and the sediment trapped behind it was released. The peat was buried by abundant coarse clastic sediment, which formed closely spaced channel belts and intervening flood basins. This model has implications for widespread peat deposits (now coal) that developed in tropical regions a few hundred kilometers from the sea in a tectonically active foreland basin.
Surgical treatment of infantile hemangioma in a multidisciplinary vascular anomalies clinic

Abstract Objective (1) Discuss indications for surgical treatment of infantile hemangioma (IH); (2) describe outcomes, management of complications and long term surveillance of surgically treated IH. Study design Retrospective. Subjects and methods The charts of children seen in a dedicated vascular anomalies center at a tertiary pediatric hospital were reviewed. Results Out of 1012 patients diagnosed with IH over 27 months, 92 patients, predominantly caucasian female, with an average age of 36 months, underwent surgery for 94 lesions. Head and neck lesions accounted for 67% of the population and 51 lesions were located on the face. Surgical indications included bleeding, functional impairment, ulceration and cosmetic disfigurement. Mean surface area was 7.75 cm2. Although lesions requiring additional procedures were larger (median 5.5 cm2) than single-stage excisions, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.09). Head and neck lesions were more likely to require multiple modality treatment (P = 0.003). There was no identified objective criteria to predict head and neck lesions that are more likely to be associated post-operative complications. Conclusions Most IH do not require treatment. The majority of infantile hemangioma occurred on the head and neck. When significant functional impairment, ulceration, bleeding, cosmetic deformity is encountered or anticipated, surgical therapy can be performed at any clinical phase with few complications and favorable outcomes.
Public health genomics: a new space for a dialogue on racism through Community Based Participatory Research

At the least, genomics is a new medical technology that will benefit thosewho have the resources necessary to utilize it. At the most, genomics represents a paradigm shift in how society engages in health care, promotion, and research. The intersection of genomics and the framework that underlies public health offers the opportunity to advance this second possibility. According to one definition, public health genomics (PHG) is ‘the study and application of knowledge about the elements of the human genome and their functions, including interactions with the environment, in relation to health and disease in populations’. Other definitions expand on this concept to include the role of PHG in ameliorating disparities in health outcomes. I would define overall success in public health genomics as the creation of a space in which science and society can engage in a collaborative dialogue about the promises and limitations of genomics within the eco-social determinants of health framework. It is essential for researchers, practitioners, and community members to approach PHG with a social justice framework so that both science and society can ethically navigate the new frontier of genomics. One measure of success that fits within my overall definition of PHG success is to apply the principles of one
Histopathologic lens changes in mirex-exposed rats

Abstract The early histologic lesions and sequential changes in the development of mirex-induced cataracts were studied in the offspring of lactating female Sherman rats given oral doses of mirex for 5 consecutive days post partum. The earliest histologic change, seen at neonatal day 7, was slight swelling of individual cortical lens fibers. At day 9, many swollen but intact fibers were observed, and at days 11 and 13, extensive degeneration and necrosis appeared throughout the cortex of the affected lenses.
Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Training Effects on Body Composition, Muscular Strength, and Cardiovascular Fitness in an HIV-1 Population

Although HIV-I infection rates peaked in the 1980s in the United States, advanced stage HIV disease will grow by about 40% in the next 40 years. This fact has signaled the need for intervention strategies that go beyond primary prevention and into treatment of the complications associated with this chronic disease. Recently, the role of exercise in reversing the wasting process experienced by individuals with HIV-1 has received much needed attention. The purpose of this study was to examine the independent contributions of a 12-week aerobic or resistance weight training exercise regimen in improving body composition, muscle strength, and cardiovascular fitness in an HT V-l population. Participants for this study (N = 33) were randomly assigned to an aerobic exercise training group, a resistance weight training group, or a stretching/flexibility control group. Measures of body composition, muscular strength, and cardiovascular fitness were assessed both prior to and following completion of the intervention. In general, the results revealed significant improvements in the amount of lean muscle tissue, upper and lower body muscular strength, and predicted V02max for exercise participants, whereas control participants experienced declines in all physiological measures. Based on these findings, it is suggested that exercise may be one complimentary therapeutic modality capable of combating the wasting process associated with advanced HIV-1 infection.
Effects of Tillage and Phosphorus Placement on Phosphorus Runoff Losses in a Grain Sorghum–Soybean Rotation

Phosphorus enhances eutrophication of fresh water bodies. This study was conducted to determine the influence of tillage and P placement on P losses in runoff water from a somewhat poorly drained soil (Woodson silt loam [fine, smectitic, thermic Abruptic Argiaquoll], 1.0-1.5% slope) in a grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] rotation. Chisel-disk-field cultivate (ChT), ridge-till (RT), and no-till (NT) in combination with 0 kg P ha -1 or 24 kg P ha -1 broadcast or knifed (applied prior to planting grain sorghum) were studied. Runoff volume and losses of sediment and P were summed over the growing season. Significant interactions between tillage and P placement for soluble P losses were found. For example, soluble P loss in 1999 for NT-broadcast in grain sorghum was 358 g ha 1 ; significantly greater than 31 g ha -1 for NT-knife or 23 g ha -1 for NT-check. Similar results were found for RT but no such differences were found for ChT. Bioavailable P losses were generally highest with broadcast P placement and for NT and RT. Total P losses were significantly higher at 959 g ha -1 with broadcast P on grain sorghum in 1998, compared with 521 g ha -1 for the check and 659 g ha -1 for the knifed P applications. Total P losses in 1999 for soybeans were only 18 g ha -1 for NT, which was significantly lower than 75 g ha -1 for ChT and 66 g ha -1 for RT. The results indicate that broadcast P applications on RT and NT will increase P losses, but the influence of tillage was not consistent.
Improving Clinical Practice: A School-Age and School-Based Perspective

Purpose In this article, the author presents a conceptual framework for intervention at school-age levels reflecting upon a number of aspects raised by Kamhi (2014) in the lead article of this foru...
Accommodative Behavior in Close Relationships: Exploring Transformation of Motivation

Abstract The literature on behavior during dissatisfying incidents consistently demonstrates that one key to effective interaction involves the willingness to accommodate, or the tendency-when an interaction partner engages in a potentially destructive act-to inhibit impulses to respond in kind, instead reacting in a constructive manner. It has been argued that the cognitive underpinnings of accommodation involve transformation of motivation, or the tendency to pause and "take account of broader considerations" such as the long-term consequences of one′s actions for a relationship. Two experiments provided evidence relevant to this key assumption. In Experiment 1 subjects described two incidents when their romantic partners behaved badly, reporting on both the responses they considered enacting and the responses they actually enacted. Consistent with predictions, the responses subjects considered enacting were significantly more destructive than the responses they actually enacted. Experiment 2 examined cognitive processes using a manipulation of reaction time-subjects were given either limited or plentiful time to indicate how they would react to interpersonal scenarios in which interaction partners enacted either constructive or destructive behaviors. As predicted, subjects were more likely to respond destructively to another′s destructive act when given limited reaction time than when given plentiful reaction time.
Application of Monte Carlo simulation-based photon migration for enhanced understanding of near-infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance. Part II: Photon radial diffusion in NIR chemical images.

ABSTRACT This is the second of a series of articles applying Monte Carlo simulation-based photon migration as a means of enhancing understanding of near-infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance in pharmaceutical analysis. This work utilizes Monte Carlo simulation to explore photon movement along the radial direction, as a means of investigating the potential 2-D spatial distortion in NIR chemical images caused by photon radial diffusion. Simulations indicate that the physical sample represented by an observed pixel in an image contributes 17% of the spectral information, while the remaining contribution comes from a radial area around the observed pixel about 500 mm wide. Empirical measurements on a two-medium sample (i.e., Teflon films with different thicknesses laid on the top of a pure theophylline compact) were used to confirm the effect of photon radial movement on a physical feature in an NIR chemical image, that is, edge blurring. As a means of edge clarification, a preliminary Monte Carlo simulation-based deconvolution filter was developed and tested for its efficacy on sharpening the physical feature and maintaining the original chemical information in a measured NIR chemical image. The initial success of the deconvolution filter highlights the potential to develop a filter for practical applications.
The Conceptual Domain of Interpersonal Communication Behavior: A Factor-Analytic Study

A provisional taxonomy of interpersonal behavior, ordered as a circumplex, was empirically derived from both the phenomenological and public communication ratings of subjects. At both levels, ratings were most prominently influenced by a Control dimension, made up of the perceptions of socially undesirable behaviors. The circular arrangements of the variables showed that a gap existed in the active and passive affective quadrants. It was suggested that revision of the IBI incorporate the affective dimensions associated with the findings of interpersonal competence research and that communication researchers give appropriate emphasis to the affective domain of interpersonal behavior.
Splice Loss Calculations In Dispersion-Modified Single-Mode Silica Fibers: Effect Of Non-Gaussian Fields

We examine the nature of non-gaussian fields in dispersion-modified single-mode silica fibers. In particular, we show the limitations of using two well-known gaussian approximations for the theoretical prediction of splice loss caused by lateral and angular misalignments. Exact numerical calculations of splice loss with small lateral and angular offsets are compared with approximations obtained by using (i) the Petermann 2 mode-field radius and (ii) the mode-field radius which maximizes the coupling efficiency for gaussian beam excitation. The accuracy of each is discussed.
THE OUTLOOK FOR FEDERAL RESERVE AND TREASURY POLICY

THE OUTLOOK FOR monetary and fiscal policy for the next year must obviously be considered in the context of the general economic outlook. This is particularly true of monetary policy, since the administrative flexibility possessed by the Federal Reserve System permits continuous adaptation of monetary controls to the changing state of the economy. Fiscal developments, at least for the first half of the year, are a bit easier to predict, because, in the absence of major changes in the international situation or in the domestic economy, there is likely to be little discretionary fiscal adjustment until the 1960 budget goes into effect at midyear. Accordingly, I shall review briefly probable budgetary developments and then consider the general economic situation and the outlook and problems that seem likely to confront the Federal Reserve during 1959.
Wally: crowd powered image matching on tablets

In this paper we propose a crowd sourced approach for solving large scale object retrieval. We have built a tablet application which displays a query image and a database image. The crowd provides their input to indicate, if there is a match between the query and database image or not. We test our application on a crowd of low-income individuals. We observe that our target crowd had a very high accuracy on the considered dataset. We observe significant improvement as compared to vision based image matching algorithms available in prior-art. We also observe that with simplistic interfaces, even low literacy and low income people could participate in the crowdsourcing tasks. This provides them a significant income opportunity. We have validated our claims on two publicly available University of Kentucky datasets and ORL Face recognition dataset.
THEORETICAL INTERPRETATION OF VARIOUS QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF FLICKER AND FUSION PHENOMENA.

(1965). Theoretical Interpretation of Various Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of Flicker and Fusion Phenomena. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 185-194.
Magic rectangles revisited

Abstract Magic rectangles are a generalization of magic squares that have been recently investigated by Bier and Rogers (European J. Combin. 14 (1993) 285–299); and Bier and Kleinschmidt (Discrete Math. 176 (1997) 29–42). In this paper, we present a new, simplified proof of the necessary and sufficient conditions for a magic rectangle to exist. We also show that magic rectangles, under the natural multiplication, have a unique factorization as a product of irreducible magic rectangles.
Mutant SOD1 in cell types other than motor neurons and oligodendrocytes accelerates onset of disease in ALS mice

Dominant mutations in ubiquitously expressed superoxide dismutase (SOD1) cause familial ALS by provoking premature death of adult motor neurons. To test whether mutant damage to cell types beyond motor neurons is required for the onset of motor neuron disease, we generated chimeric mice in which all motor neurons and oligodendrocytes expressed mutant SOD1 at a level sufficient to cause fatal, early-onset motor neuron disease when expressed ubiquitously, but did so in a cellular environment containing variable numbers of non-mutant, non-motor neurons. Despite high-level mutant expression within 100% of motor neurons and oligodendrocytes, in most of these chimeras, the presence of WT non-motor neurons substantially delayed onset of motor neuron degeneration, increasing disease-free life by 50%. Disease onset is therefore non-cell autonomous, and mutant SOD1 damage within cell types other than motor neurons and oligodendrocytes is a central contributor to initiation of motor neuron degeneration.
Replication of bacteriophage P4 DNA in a nonlysogenic host.

Abstract Bacteriophage P4 can replicate its DNA in the absence of a helper genome upon which it depends for the completion of its lytic cycle of reproduction. A major fraction of such intracellular DNA consists of double-stranded, covalently closed circular molecules. P4 DNA replication does not depend on the REP function of the host.
PSpice for Digital Communications Engineering

Abstract PSpice for Digital Communications Engineering shows how to simulate digital communication systems and modulation methods using the very powerful Cadence Orcad PSpice version 10.5 suite of software programs. Fourier series and Fourier transform are applied to signals to set the ground work for the modulation techniques introduced in later chapters. Various baseband signals, including duo-binary baseband signaling, are generated and the spectra are examined to detail the unsuitability of these signals for accessing the public switched network. Pulse code modulation and time-division multiplexing circuits are examined and simulated where sampling and quantization noise topics are discussed. We construct a single-channel PCM system from transmission to receiver i.e. end-to-end, and import real speech signals to examine the problems associated with aliasing, sample and hold.Companding is addressed here and we look at the A and mu law characteristics for achieving better signal to quantization noise ra...
Canine X-linked muscular dystrophy studied with in vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. Dystrophin is the product of the missing gene in this disorder. However, the cause of the dystrophic process is not understood. Transient muscle injury is normally seen after muscle exercise, and may be a necessary process in muscle growth and preservation. We, therefore, chose to evaluate the role of exercise in Duchenne dystrophy by studying the canine X-linked animal model (CXMD). These dogs also lack dystrophin and have clinical signs similar to humans. Exercise was initiated by electrical stimulation, and muscle metabolism was monitored with phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (P-MRS). Dogs with CXMD had abnormal muscle pathology and markedly elevated serum CK. The inorganic phosphate (Pi) to phosphocreatine (PCr) ratio was increased in CXMD dogs at rest compared with normal dogs (Pi/(Pi + PCr) = 0.166 +/- 0.054 for CXMD and 0.073 +/- 0.017 for normals, mean +/- SE). No changes in resting ATP, pH, phosphomonoesters (PME), and phosphodiesters (PDE) were seen. The mean Pi/(Pi + PCr) and pH values during stimulation were normal in the CXMD dogs. Two to three days after electrical stimulation, resting Pi/(Pi + PCr) ratios were significantly increased in the CXMD dogs (0.127 +/- 0.029 compared with 0.172 +/- 0.054, mean +/- SD). Normal dogs showed no increase in Pi/(Pi + PCr) following stimulation. There was a 50-fold greater increase in serum CK in CXMD compared with normal dogs following exercise. These results indicate greater muscle injury in CXMD muscle, and suggest that in the absence of dystrophin, exercise-induced muscle injury may play a role in the dystrophic process.
Chemical polishing of aluminum coupons in support of vacuum chambers

Abstract Success of third and fourth generation light sources is highly dependent upon the smoothness of internal surfaces in small aperture undulators. The ratio of the undulator length to the chamber aperture is very large, making mechanical polishing difficult to implement. Chemical polishing is a viable alternative option. This study investigates the effectiveness of a chemical polishing step as a finishing treatment in lieu of mechanical polishing. Limited to no quantitative data exists in the literature that links specific chemical polishing processes to profilometer-measured surface roughness. This study examines the effectiveness of using two chemical solutions at various temperatures to treat the surfaces of aluminum coupons and reduce their surface roughness. Results indicate that certain chemical polishing steps can reduce the root mean square roughness of the surface by as much as 40%; however, careful control of the solution temperature, composition, and immersion time is critical.
Calcium deposition into the cuticle of the blue crab callinectes sapidus related to external salinity

1. 1. Calcium and magnesium deposition in mesogastric plates of postmolt cuticles of blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, maintained at 10 or 30 ppt sea water, were related temporally to postmolt mineral concentrations in hemolymph and midgut gland. 2. 2. Weights, thicknesses and densities of carapaces of animals kept at high and low salinities did not differ. 3. 3. Hemolymph mineral concentrations decreased postmolt as the substances were withdrawn and accumulated in cuticles, then increased to premolt values. 4. 4. Cuticle calcium and magnesium quantities mirrored hemolymph values more than external medium concentrations and exhibited, for the most part, an inverse relationship between calcium and magnesium. 5. 5. Midgut gland appears to store calcium and magnesium because minerals decreased postmolt.
Question-driven Explanatory Reasoning

The primary claim in this paper is that questions are one of the fundamental cognitive components that guide human reasoning. That is, threads of coherent reasoning are built around the questions that humans ask and their answers to these questions. Explanatory reasoning is elicited by particular classes of questions (such as why, how, and what-if) that invite the construction of causal chains, goal-plan-action hierarchies, and logical justifications. This paper identifies the psychological mechanisms that underlie human question asking and question answering, along with some empirical findings that support these mechanisms. We also discuss some ways that educational software can be designed to facilitate question-driven explanatory reasoning. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Osteopontin, an oxidant stress sensitive cytokine, up‐regulates collagen‐I via integrin αVβ3 engagement and PI3K/pAkt/NFκB signaling

Background & Aim A key feature in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis is fibrillar collagen-I deposition; yet, mediators that could be key therapeutic targets remain elusive. We hypothesized that osteopontin (OPN), an extracellular matrix (ECM) cytokine expressed in hepatic stellate cells (HSC), could drive fibrogenesis by modulating the HSC profibrogenic phenotype and collagen-I expression.
31P NMR studies of energy metabolism in perfused rat kidney

Conventional biochemical analyses have demonstrated significant alterations in high-energy phosphate metabolism during shock, but the time course of these changes cannot be followed in individual animals because these analyses are invasive and destructive. This study sought to evaluate the utility of 31P NMR as a means of following phosphorus metabolites under various conditions, including those designed to model the shocked state. Twenty adult albino rats were subject to a modified Wiggers' model of hemorrhagic shock lasting from 5 to 140 min. ATP was determined on extracts of the kidneys of each animal both by a biochemical assay and by integration of 31P NMR resonance signals. The equation for renal ATP content plotted versus time for enzymatically determined ATP was 1.79 - 0.0097x (r = 0.83, P less than 0.01) as compared to 1.76 - 0.0093x (r = 0.69, P less than 0.01) for NMR-determined ATP. Isolated, normal rat kidneys perfused with oxygenated, modified Krebs' solution while in the NMR spectrometer maintained normal ATP levels for several hours. ATP/ADP ratios were greater than those observed by conventional enzymatic analysis. Temporary anoxia, induced by substituting 100% N2 for 95% O2:5% CO2, resulted in decreases in ATP content, which reverted to normal with reinstitution of oxygenation. Intracellular pH changed in accordance with perfusate pH during anoxia. It is concluded that 31P NMR studies of the perfused rat kidney have immediate application for the nondestructive study of energy metabolism in shock and ischemia.
How to split a flow

Many practically deployed flow algorithms produce the output as a set of values associated with the network links. However, to actually deploy a flow in a network we often need to represent it as a set of paths between the source and destination nodes.
The effects of control, trust, and justice on salesperson turnover

Abstract Turnover represents a significant cost in many organizations, and previous studies indicate that perceptions of justice can reduce turnover intentions among salespeople. In this study, we examine process control and decision control as both direct and indirect predictors of justice and, subsequently, as predictors of turnover. In addition, trust is modeled as a mediating variable. We test our control-based model of turnover with a sample of 240 business-to-business salespeople. Results from the study indicate that, in the context of managerial processes and decision making, as salesperson control increases so does trust in sales managers and, subsequently, perceptions of distributive and procedural justice. Our findings highlight the effects of justice on sales force turnover and suggest that as perceptions of justice increase, firms will benefit from lower levels of salesperson turnover. Sales managers can reduce sales force turnover by giving salespeople greater input into decisions and processes.
Vibrational Relaxation and Dephasing in Organic Solids

Abstract This paper presents a review of experimental studies conducted in the author's laboratory in the area of vibrational relaxation and dephasing in organic solids. The investigation utilizes temperature dependence of linewidths, lineshapes and frequencies in the Raman spectra. Theoretical background is presented on various anharmonic interactions for lattice phonons and internal vibrations in relation to their relaxations and dephasing. The effects of experimental conditions and disorders on linewidth are discussed. Some selected results of experimental investigations are discussed. It is found that for a lattice phonon transition the dephasing occurs by T 1 -relaxations due to cubic anharmonic coupling. For an internal vibration the process responsible for dephasing depends on the frequency and the delocalization of the vibration. For a localized and low frequency internal mode, the dephasing occurs by an elastic phonon-scattering (T 2 '-process) which does not destroy the excitation. For a delocal...
Personal Abilities in Applied Work and Training Programs in Anthropology

Since training programs in applied anthropology are relatively new and their faculty still inexperienced in many areas of practice in which anthropologists can potentially seek careers, most are in an experimental phase. The model for such programs, however, is often academic research with an "applied" focus and with several "new" technical skills (statistics, survey research, etc,) included. This approach has much to contribute, as will be evident in the following discussions. But there are many abilities in addition to traditional ones which are also essential for careers outside the ivory towers. For example, in a profile appearing in the Anthropology Newsletter (Vol. 19, No.9), Stern suggests that the role of detached, objective observer is inadequate for applied anthropologists. And Schaffer (Anthropology Newsletter, Vol. 20, No. 1) has expressed doubts that most anthropologists have developed adequate bureaucratic and political skills for applied work.
Magneto-optical properties of RMn6Sn6 (R=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu) single crystals

Abstract Single crystals of compounds in the series RMn6Sn6 (R=Gd–Tm, Lu) have been prepared by the flux growth technique. The crystal structure was found to be isotypic with HfFe6Ge6 for all of the compounds, and the variation of the lattice parameters with the lanthanide element exhibit the lanthanide contraction. The polar Kerr effect has been measured between 1.3 and 5 eV, and the structure of the spectra are similar for all of the compounds of the series. The maximum Kerr rotation found was 0.225° in TbMn6Sn6, and the magnitude of the Kerr rotations scaled across the series as a function of the fraction saturation. This, combined with the temperature dependence, indicates that the Kerr rotation is primarily a function of the Mn moment and is independent of the lanthanide element present in the compound. The main features in the spectra shift to slightly higher energies as one moves from Gd to the end of the lanthanide series (i.e. Tm and Lu) which is related to the contraction in the lattice parameters.
Negative ion formation due to hydrogen plasma surface interaction

Abstract Negative ions can be produced by a desorption process when energetic positive hydrogen ions impinge on the surface of reactor walls. The relative yields of different negative ions generated from various surface materials (such as Mo, Pt, Pd, Rh, Cu, Ta, Au, C, TiC and stainless-steel) have been compared in a multicusp plasma source. The negative ions generated are self-extracted from the source, and are identified by a mass spectrometer. The total negative ion current is measured by a Faraday cup.
Scientific applications vs. SPEC-FP: a comparison of program behavior

Many modern scientific applications execute on massively parallel collections of microprocessors. Supercomputers such as the Cray XT3 (Red Storm) and Blue Gene/L support thousands to tens of thousands of processors per parallel job. However, individual microprocessor performance remains a critical component of overall performance. Traditional approaches to improve scientific application performance concentrate on floating-point (FP) instructions; however, our studies show that in the scientific applications used at Sandia National Labs, integer instructions constitute a large and critical part of the instruction mix. Although the SPEC-FP benchmark suite is considered representative of FP workloads, it has a much smaller proportion of integer computation instructions than the Sandia scientific applications, with 22.9% as compared to 36.9%. Integer instructions in Sandia applications also behave differently than in SPEC-FP. Integer instruction outputs are reused 8.8x to 13.1x more often in SPEC-FP benchmarks, and integer dataflow in Sandia applications is more complex than in the SPEC-FP suite. In this work, we examine common dataflow and usage patterns of integer instructions---information essential to develop hardware techniques to accelerate critical scientific applications. We present statistics for SPEC-FP and Sandia applications, summarizing integer computation usage and the size, shape and interface (number of inputs/outputs) of dataflow graphs.
I.P. Pavlov as a youth.

Ivan P. Pavlov’s youthful relations with parents and siblings, formal education, and social activities in Riazan’ are described. The Pavlovs, a highly achievement-oriented family descending from a lowly serf, improved their social status by serving the Russian Orthodox Church. Pavlov, the son of a priest, studied in the 1860s at the Riazan’ Ecclesiastic Seminary for priesthood. The turbulent 1860s’ decade was a period of social and political reforms. Western ideas and science were introduced to Russia. The ambitious and idealistic I.P. Pavlov was influenced by popular essays written by the journalist D.I. Pisarev, the works of the German physiologist J. Moleschott, the English writer G.H. Lewes, the German zoologist C. Vogt and the physiologist M.I. Sechenov. Losing his religious faith, Pavlov abandoned the traditional goal of becoming a priest, and, convinced that science was a road to truth and progress, left Riazan’ to study natural science at the University of St. Petersburg.
Soft computing applications on a SR-30 turbojet engine

The use of soft computing algorithms in hardware-in-the-loop applications has been investigated. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) was designed and successfully tested on the Turbine Technologies SR-30 turbojet engine for the main-stage operation of the engine. A transfer function model of the plant was obtained using frequency-response methods. To ensure safe operation of the engine, a PID controller was first tested on the engine, and both the PID and FLC controllers were tested in a simulated environment before being used with the engine.