cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Global Environments and Rural Communities: Enhancing Community Conservation Initiatives in East Africa

When Hans Meyer stood on the summit of East Africa’s legendary Mount Kilimanjaro in 1889 he most likely didn’t consider the possibility that his Chagga guide, Yohani Kinyala Lauwo, would still be alive to participate in the one-hundredth anniversary of this initial ascent. Yet amazingly Lauwo attended the celebration seven years before his death in 1996 at age 125.
Reduction of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction with transcatheter mitral valve repair

Many patients with severe mitral regurgitation cannot undergo conventional mitral valve surgery due to prohibitive surgical risk and are candidates for transcatheter repair with an edge-to-edge technique. Prior reports suggest efficacy with this approach for mitral regurgitation due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular outflow obstruction. We present a case report of transcatheter mitral valve repair for posterior leaflet prolapse with concomitant left ventricular outflow tract obstruction due to systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve in the absence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Splenic monocytes traffic to the thyroid and produce a novel TSHβ splice variant during acute Listeria infection in mice (INC4P.334)

It has been known for over three decades that thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is produced by cells of the immune system; however, the functional role of that TSH has remained obscure. We recently identified a novel splice variant of the thyroid stimulating hormone β-subunit (TSHβv) that is primarily produced by cells of the immune system, in particular by myeloid cells in the bone marrow (BM) and spleen. During acute infection with virulent L. monocytogenes , TSHβv synthesis increased in CD14+, F4/80+ BM cells and spleen cells. In vitro culture of the mouse AM macrophage cell line with LPS or zymosan, or following stimulation with anti-CD14 or anti-TLR2 antibodies, resulted in increased synthesis of TSHβv. Three days post-infection with Listeria , there was an infiltration of CD14+, F4/80+ cells into the thyroid that was followed by an increase in intrathyroidal TSHβv gene expression on days 4 and 5 compared to non-infected mice. Following in vivo transfer of CFSE-labeled spleen cells from infected mice into normal non-infected mice, CFSE+ cells were present throughout the thyroid, demonstrating an active process of trafficking of TSHβv-producing spleen cell into the thyroid during an acute infection. These findings point to a novel mechanism of host metabolic regulation by the immune system during systemic bacterial infection, and they define a functional role for TSHβv in that process.
Facet Medial Branch Ablation

Denervation is typically performed via radiofrequency (RF) ablation but can also be performed with either cryoneurolysis or chemoneurolysis. Thermal ablation can provide significant relief for the better part of a year for most patients. Lesion size is directly proportional to nerve injury likelihood, and significant industry energy is aimed at increasing lesion size safely. With typical radiofrequency ablation, very little tissue destruction occurs distal to the spindle-shaped lesion, making needle placement and understanding of lesion shape critical to success. This chapter guides you toward safety and good outcomes.
Hyper Open-Shell Excited Spin States of Transition-Metal Compounds: FeF2, FeF2···Ethane, and FeF2···Ethylene.

Spin-state energetics are important for understanding properties that involve more than one spin state, for example, catalysis occurring on two or more potential energy surfaces corresponding to different electronic spins. Very often, multiple-spin processes involve transition-metal compounds, and therefore, it is important to understand the electronic structure and energetics of such compounds in different spin states. In this work, we benchmark relative spin-state energies of FeF2 with respect to the quintet ground spin state using both single-configurational and multiconfigurational methods, and we examine how they are affected by the binding of ethane and ethylene to the iron center. We also benchmark the binding energies of the complexes. The single-configurational methods used in this work are the Hartree–Fock method, 32 exchange–correlation functionals, and the CCSD(T) coupled-cluster method in both restricted and unrestricted formalisms. The multiconfigurational methods that have been used are CAS...
Orthogonal Polynomial Regression for Unequal Spacing and Frequencies

A simple procedure is described to determine the orthogonal polynomials when the levels of the predictor variable occur at unequal intervals and are observed with unequal frequency. A computer prog...
Nonnegative data interpolation by spherical splines

Abstract We present a spherical spline method for scattered data interpolation over the unit sphere which preserves nonnegativity of the data values. The method is based on a classic constrained minimization approach. The usual side conditions of smoothness and data interpolation are supplemented by non-negativity constraints. We establish existence and uniqueness of non-negative minimizers in three cases: C 1 spline spaces of odd degree greater than or equal to five over generic triangulations; C 1 cubic spline spaces over Clough–Tocher triangulations; C 1 cubic spline spaces over triangulations of convex quadrangulations. We present the results on approximation order of nonnegative minimizers as well. The method extends to range restricted interpolation. We establish sufficient conditions on the spline coefficients that guarantee range restrictions on the spherical splines. Numerical solutions are computed by means of a projected gradient method. Numerical examples illustrate performance of non-negative and range-restricted data fitting.
The effects of feed force on rivet bucking bar vibrations.

Abstract Percussive riveting is the primary process for attaching the outer sheet metal “skins” of an aircraft to its airframe. Workers using manually-operated riveting tools (riveting hammers and rivet bucking bars) are exposed to significant levels of hand-transmitted vibration (HTV) and are at risk of developing components of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). To protect workers, employers can assess and select riveting tools that produce reduced HTV exposures. Researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) have developed a laboratory-based apparatus and methodology to evaluate the vibrations of rivet bucking bars. Using this simulated riveting approach, this study investigated the effects of feed force on the vibrations of several typical rivet bucking bars and that transmitted to the bucking bar operator's wrist. Five bucking bar models were assessed under three levels of feed force. The study results demonstrate that the feed force can be a major influencing factor on bucking bar vibrations. Similar feed force effects were observed at the bucking bar operator's wrist. This study also shows that different bucking bar designs will respond differently to variations in feed force. Some bucking bar designs may offer reduced vibration exposures to the bar operator's fingers while providing little attenuation of wrist acceleration. Knowledge of how rivet bucking bar models respond to riveting hammer vibrations can be important for making informed bucking bar selections. The study results indicate that, to help in the appropriate selection of bucking bars, candidate bar models should be evaluated at multiple feed force levels. The results also indicate that the bucking bar model, feed force level, or the bucking bar operator have no meaningful effects on the vibration excitation (riveting hammer), which further suggests that the test apparatus proposed by NIOSH researchers meets the basic requirements for a stable vibration source in laboratory-based bucking bar vibration assessments. This study provides relevant information that can be used to help develop a standardized laboratory-based bucking bar evaluation methodology and to help in the selection of appropriate bucking bars for various workplace riveting applications. Relevance to Industry Because the feed force level can affect HTV exposures to bucking bar operators, the feed force required for specific riveting operations should be an important consideration when selecting bucking bar models. This study provides useful information about bucking bar responses to riveting hammer vibrations; this knowledge can improve bucking bar selections.
Packaging Films for Electronic and Space-Related Hardware

Flexible packaging films are used to bag and/or wrap precision cleaned electronic or space hardware to protect them from environmental degradation during shipping and storage. Selection of packaging films depends on a knowledge of product requirements and packaging film characteristics. The literature presently available on protective packaging films has been updated to include new materials and to amplify space-related applications. Presently available packaging film materials are compared for their various characteristics: electrostatic discharge (ESD) control, flame retardancy, water vapor transmission rate, particulate shedding, molecular contamination, and transparency. The tradeoff between product requirements and the characteristics of the packaging films available are discussed. Selection considerations are given for the application of specific materials of space hardware-related applications. Applications for intimate, environmental, and electrostatic protective packaging are discussed.
Multiple or Repeated Assays

This chapter describes multiple or repeated assays. When an assay procedure is used repeatedly in a given laboratory, an astute investigator is often able to spot results that seem abnormal and should be repeated. To obtain a more reliable estimate of its potency, an unknown preparation may be assayed independently at different times in the same laboratory or in several different laboratories. The problem arises as to how best to combine these data into a single estimate. Two procedures are possible. One is to work directly with the individual log potencies and their errors. The other method is to examine the homogeneity of the standard deviation and slope used in determining each of them and, if consistent, to recompute each individual assay before combining them into a composite value. An assay may be biased by factors that do not increase its standard error. The magnitude of these factors cannot be predicted a priori , but their composite effect is measurable from the agreement of the individual M's.
Promoting Representational Fluency for Cognitive Bias Mitigation in Information Visualization

Information visualization involves the use of visual representations of data to amplify cognition. While visualizations do generally amplify cognition, they also have representational biases that encourage thinking and reasoning in certain ways at the expense of others. I propose that the development of representational fluency by visualization designers and users can help mitigate such biases, and that promoting representational fluency in visualization education and practice can be a useful general strategy for mitigating cognitive biases. Literature from various disciplines is discussed, including perspectives on meta-visualization, representational competence, and meta-representational competence. Some implications for visualization research, education, and practice are examined. The need for engaging users in deep, effortful cognitive processing is discussed and is situated within literature on established bias-mitigating strategies. A preliminary research agenda comprising five challenges is also proposed.
Techno-economic evaluation of a process for direct conversion of methane to aromatics

Abstract Natural gas is widely abundant and relatively inexpensive. As such, large quantities are flared every year. This presents an opportunity to use natural gas as a chemical feedstock. Non-oxidative dehydroaromatization of methane, the major component of natural gas is proposed as an option to monetize natural gas. This study evaluates the economics of the methane to benzene process. A catalytic membrane reactor model written in MATLAB has been directly implemented in an Aspen Plus V9 process model using CAPE-OPEN interoperability. Minimum utility requirements and heat exchanger designs were identified in Aspen Energy Analyzer, and process economics for a variety of feed and product prices were assessed using Aspen Process Economic Analyzer. The results indicate that the venture is profitable (profitability index of 1.17, IRR of 35.5%, NRR of 18.2%). The capital cost was found to be $35,500 per daily standard barrel of benzene. Additionally, the process remains economically attractive so long as either the price of benzene remains above $470/ton, or the price of hydrogen remains above $0.8/kg.
Functional Symptoms in Infectious Disease: Reading into Titers

Most childhood infections are acute in nature and therefore less likely to result in emergence of functional symptoms typical of chronic conditions. However, human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) and Lyme disease, each for a different reason, remain exceptions. In the era of effective antiretroviral therapies, HIV has become a chronic illness. Children born with HIV face different stresses when compared to adolescents who acquire HIV through risky behavior. This chapter will provide a discussion of various mental health problems that accompany or mimic conditions associated with HIV infection that providers are likely to encounter when caring for children with HIV. Lyme disease is an acute illness with excellent prognosis when treated appropriately. Unfortunately, misleading information available on the Internet has fueled false beliefs about Lyme disease diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. As a result, we have encountered a growing number of older children and adolescents with so-called chronic Lyme disease or post-Lyme disease syndrome. Because their definitions remain elusive, patients with subjective complaints often are diagnosed with Lyme disease. Proper knowledge of clinical manifestations of Lyme disease and interpretation of Lyme serology testing are paramount to prevention of unnecessary and misleading interventions. This chapter will focus on the challenges of Lyme disease diagnostics and treatment in patients presenting with functional symptoms.
Pre-, intra-, and/or postoperative arterial and venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for breast surgery: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Both thromboembolism and excessive bleeding following breast surgery could result in multiple surgical procedures, breast reconstruction failure, or even mortality. This systematic review and meta-analysis of 5617 female breast surgery patients compared pharmacological prophylaxis to nonpharmacological prophylaxis interventions during the pre-, intra-, and/or postoperative time points and evaluated associated outcomes and complications. The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were systematically and independently searched. Patient and clinical characteristics, surgical and medical interventions, outcomes, and complications were recorded. Eleven of the 344 studies queried were eligible for systematic review and meta-analysis, with results from 26 of the possible 117 outcomes and complications using strict PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines. Patients receiving intraoperative pharmacological prophylaxis for breast surgery were found to have more reoperations and more occurrences of any bleeding, while patients receiving postoperative pharmacological prophylaxis were found to have more occurrences of any bleeding than patients receiving nonpharmacological prophylaxis. Patients were more likely to receive preoperative pharmacological prophylaxis if they had diabetes mellitus and postoperative chemoprophylaxis if they had higher BMIs. Patients administered pharmacological prophylaxis during the pre-, intra-, and/or postoperative time periods did not show a significant decrease in deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism or increase in hematomas compared to those administered nonpharmacological prophylaxis.
Dynamical transitions during the collapse of inertial holes.

At the center of a collapsing hole lies a singularity, a point of infinite curvature where the governing equations break down. It is a topic of fundamental physical interest to clarify the dynamics of fluids approaching such singularities. Here, we use scaling arguments supported by high-fidelity simulations to analyze the dynamics of an axisymmetric hole undergoing capillary collapse in a fluid sheet of small viscosity. We characterize the transitions between the different dynamical regimes —from the initial inviscid dynamics that dominate the collapse at early times to the final Stokes dynamics that dominate near the singularity— and demonstrate that the crossover hole radii for these transitions are related to the fluid viscosity by power-law relationships. The findings have practical implications for the integrity of perforated fluid films, such as bubble films and biological membranes, as well as fundamental implications for the physics of fluids converging to a singularity.
A Combined Treatment for a Case of Peri-Implant Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw.

Objective Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) is rarely reported as a complication after implants placement. In this article we report a combined treatment for a rare case of peri-implant BRONJ. Methods A 71-year-old female patient presented for follow-up of a 4.3 x 13 mm implant placed on first upper-left premolar position 3 years prior. She was complaining of soreness of the area and bleeding when brushing. The patient had a history of breast cancer (removed 7 years prior) for which she was taking anastrozole 1 mg/day, causing a decrease in mineral bone density as side effect, for which she was prescribed a side-therapy of oral risedronate 35 mg/week taken for 4 years and stopped 2 years prior. A 9 mm deep pocket was detected on the mesial-buccal aspect of the implant. At the first visit local minocycline microspheres delivery was performed as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. The patient was seen 10 weeks later with the presence of a bone sequestrum on the mesial-palatal aspect of the implant. A surgical minimally invasive single-flap approach was done to minimize periosteal elevation. Decontamination with EDTA-gel followed by delivery of rh-PDGF (recombinant platelet derived growth factor) with β-TCP (β-tricalcium phosphate) stabilized with a CaSO₄ barrier. A cycle of four consecutive 810 nm diode-laser-biostimulation visits was performed to promote fibroblasts growth. An 18-month post-surgical follow-up showed 3 mm residual probing depth (PD) and an absence of gingival inflammation with no symptoms reported by the patient. Results Antimicrobial, regenerative and biostimulation therapies were implemented to successfully treat BRONJ around an osseointegrated implant. The results showed noticeable PD reduction and radiographic bone regeneration after 18 months. Conclusions A combined therapy aiming at regeneration of bone and soft tissues around osseointegrated implants was successful for treatment of implant-associated BRONJ.
Passive Seismic Survey of Sediment Thickness, Dasht-e-Nawar Basin, Eastern Afghanistan

Exploration of water resources is needed for public supply and mineral resources development in Afghanistan. Remotely sensed data are useful for identifying the general nature of surface sediments; however, hazardous “boots on the ground” geophysics or drilling programs are needed to quantify the thickness of sediments. The Dasht-e-Nawar Basin, in east-central Afghanistan, contains a 400 km2 playa that includes evaporative mineral deposits, particularly lithium. In 2014, the USGS compared the results of a passive seismic survey of sediment thickness to the results of an independently conducted gravity survey of the basin.
The effect of copper-oxide-treated soft and hard surfaces on the incidence of healthcare-associated infections: a two-phase study

Summary Background Copper-oxide-impregnated linens and hard surfaces within the hospital environment have emerged as a novel technology to reduce environmental contamination and thereby potentially reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). Methods This was a two-phase study. Phase 1 was a prospective, cluster-randomized, cross-over clinical trial in which one pod (eight beds) of our general ICU (GICU) utilized copper-oxide-impregnated linens whereas the other pod (eight beds) used standard hospital linens. Phase 2 was a two-year before–after study, following the relocation of three ICUs into a new ICU tower in which all the hard surfaces were treated with copper oxide (in addition to copper-impregnated linens). HCAIs were recorded using the National Healthcare Safety Network definitions. Findings A total of 1282 patients were enrolled in phase 1. There was no difference in the rate of HCAI between the patients who received standard compared with copper oxide linen. In phase 2 there was a significant reduction in the number of infections due to Clostridioides difficile (2.4 per 1000 vs 0.7 per 1000 patient-days; incidence rate ratio: 3.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.4–8.7; P = 0.002) but no difference in the rate of central-line-associated bloodstream infections nor of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Conclusion Copper-oxide-impregnated linens alone had no effect on the rate of HCAI. Our data suggest that copper-oxide-treated hard surfaces reduced the rate of infections due to C. difficile; however, important confounders cannot be excluded.
Chapter 8 – Cellular responses to nanoscale surface modifications of titanium implants for dentistry and bone tissue engineering applications

Modification of titanium (Ti) implant surfaces has been investigated over the last decade in order to provide improved osseointegration and to control bone healing around bone implants. Various surface modification methods including physical and chemical approaches have been used to create micro- and nanostructures onto the Ti implant surfaces. This chapter will briefly review some common techniques used to generate nanotopography on bone implants. Cellular responses such as improved cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation toward these modified surfaces will also be discussed. Owing to the structural similarity to natural bone, nanotopography created on Ti bone implant surfaces will lead the next generation of bone implants that possess high integration to the biological environment and promote better healing for dental and bone tissue engineering applications.
Advice Padded With Encouragement: A Preliminary Assessment of an Extended Integrated Model of Advice Giving in Supportive Interactions:

The integrated model of advice giving (IMA) proposes that advising in supportive interactions should be carried out in three sequential moves: emotional support—problem inquiry and analysis—advice ...
Remote nongenetic optical modulation of neuronal activity using fuzzy graphene

The ability to modulate cellular electrophysiology is fundamental to the investigation of development, function, and disease. Currently, there is a need for remote, nongenetic, light-induced control of cellular activity in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) platforms. Here, we report a breakthrough hybrid nanomaterial for remote, nongenetic, photothermal stimulation of 2D and 3D neural cellular systems. We combine one-dimensional (1D) nanowires (NWs) and 2D graphene flakes grown out-of-plane for highly controlled photothermal stimulation at subcellular precision without the need for genetic modification, with laser energies lower than a hundred nanojoules, one to two orders of magnitude lower than Au-, C-, and Si-based nanomaterials. Photothermal stimulation using NW-templated 3D fuzzy graphene (NT-3DFG) is flexible due to its broadband absorption and does not generate cellular stress. Therefore, it serves as a powerful toolset for studies of cell signaling within and between tissues and can enable therapeutic interventions.
A Generalizable Theory for the Reynolds Stress, Based on the Lagrangian Turbulence Transport

Using the Lagrangian transport of momentum, the Reynolds shear stress can be expressed in terms of basic turbulence parameters. In this view, the Reynolds stress gradient represents the lateral transport of streamwise momentum, balanced by the u2 transport, pressure and shear force terms in the momentum equation. We extend this formalism to other turbulence parameters such as diagonal components of the Reynolds stress, and also to more complex flows (boundary layer flows with adverse pressure gradients and pipe flows with swirl). Data from direct numerical simulations (DNS) are used to validate this full set of turbulent transport equations, exhibiting a good degree of consistency and agreement for all of the components and across different geometries. An example of the use of this full set of turbulence transport equations is shown for turbulent jet flows.
On the Mass of Nova DQ Herculis (1934)

Published estimates of the white dwarf mass in the moderately slow nova DQ Her range from 0.35 to 1.2 M ○. . We report new estimates of the stellar masses, M 1 =0.60±0.07 M ○. and M 2 =0.40±0.05 M ○. , and other system parameters as given in Table 2. These estimates are based on time-resolved 1.6 A resolution CCD spectroscopy of Na I λλ8183, 8195 absorption from the secondary star of DQ Her. We measure a radial velocity curve with K obs =232±5 km s −1 and rotational broadening V rot sin i=115±18 km s −1
Methodology to Assess the Implementation of Solar Power Projects in Rural Areas Using AHP: a Case Study of Colombia

Selection of a location for a solar power plant is critical due to conﬂicting objectives7 in energy planning. The main objective of this study is to apply a methodology based on8 an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), in order to assess potential locations of solar power9 projects in Colombia. This study takes into consideration technical-economic, social, and10 environmental-risk criteria based on data from the National Survey on Living Conditions in11 Colombia (NSLCC) and The Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Stud-12 ies (IDEAM). Eight departments were chosen representing diﬀerent regions of the country,13 with diﬀering levels of irradiation as well as distinct social and cultural living conditions. The14 methodology presented here can be used as a design tool for energy policy by utilities com-15 panies, providers, investors and academic researchers in the selection of locations for solar16 power projects. The results show the selection of alternatives using the AHP methodology.
The large Nc limit of N=2 super Yang-Mills, fractional instantons and infrared divergences

We investigate the large Nc limit of pure N=2 supersymmetric gauge theory with gauge group SU(Nc) by using the exact low energy effective action. Typical one-complex dimensional sections of the moduli space parametrized by a global complex mass scale v display three qualitatively different regions depending on the ratio between |v| and the dynamically generated scale Lambda. At large |v|/Lambda, instantons are exponentially suppressed as N goes to infinity. When |v| is of order Lambda, singularities due to massless dyons occur. They are densely distributed in rings of calculable thicknesses in the v-plane. At small |v|/Lambda, instantons disintegrate into fractional instantons of charge 1/(2N). These fractional instantons give non-trivial contributions to all orders of 1/N, unlike a planar diagrams expansion which generates a series in 1/N^2, implying the presence of open strings. We have explicitly calculated the fractional instantons series in two representative examples, including the 1/N and 1/N^2 corrections. Our most interesting finding is that the 1/N expansion breaks down at singularities on the moduli space due to severe infrared divergencies, a fact that has remarkable consequences.
When Metaphor Throttles Metonymy: The Perils of Misreading in Georges Rodenbach’s Bruges-la-Morte

This chapter shows the tension between Decadent corporeality and Symbolist ephemerality. This contrast is manifest in the inhabitants of Georges Rodenbach’s dead city. Rodenbach utilizes Decadent concepts to confront deeply unsettling psychological truths. In so doing, he reveals the frightening aspects of late nineteenth-century aesthetics. The era's preoccupation with the occult puts Bruges-la-Morte at the crossroads between mysticism and science. His novel’s vacillation between the tangible and intangible leads Rodenbach to explore the potential of objects to generate profound meaning in the context of a place infused with the ephemeral presence of memories. The novel’s ghosts come in both physical and spiritual form and are associated with the varying rhetorical and interpretive strategies of Decadence and Symbolism. The violent culmination of the plot is an extension of the conflict between these two manifestations of early modernism, a clash that is the overarching preoccupation of Decadence and Modernism.
The generalization of Schr\"oder's theorem (1871): The multinomial theorem for formal power series under composition

We consider formal power series $ f(x) = a_1 x + a_2 x^2 + \cdots $ $(a_1 \neq 0)$, with coefficients in a field. We revisit the classical subject of iteration of formal power series, the n-fold composition $f^{(n)}(x)=f(f(\cdots (f(x)\cdots))=f^{(n-1)}(f(x))=\sum\limits_{k=1}^{\infty}f_k^{(n)}x^k$ for $n=2,3,\ldots$, where $f^{(1)}(x)=f(x)$. The study of this was begun, and the coefficients $f_k^{(n)}$ where calculated assuming $a_1=1$, by Schroder in 1871. The major result of this paper, Theorem 7.1.1, generalizes Schroder [15]. It gives explicit formulas for the coefficients $f_k^{(n)}$ when $a_1 \neq 0$ and it is viewed as an analog to the $n^{th}$ Multinomial Theorem Under Multiplication. We prove Schroder's Theorem using a new and shorter approach.The Recursion Lemma, Lemma 3.1.1,which sharpens Cohen's lemma (Lemma 2.4.2) is our key tool in the proof of Theorem 7.1.1 and it is one of the most useful recurrence relations for the composition of formal power series. Along the way we develop numerical formulas for $f_k^{(n)} {\rm where} 1\leq k\leq 5$.
Static Taint Analysis for JavaScript Programs

Web applications have become an essential component of many different fields. As a client-side scripting language, JavaScript is ubiquitous across the web. Malicious JavaScript code can exploit a user’s browser, cookies, and security permissions. In this paper, we propose a static taint analysis approach for precise detection of taint-style vulnerabilities, such as DOM-based Cross-site Scripting (XSS), in JavaScript programs. The approach divides sinks into contexts to ensure that untrusted data passed to a certain context has been sufficiently sanitized. We reengineered TAJS resulting in a new analyzer, \({\text {TAJS}}_{\text {taint}}\), that adopts the new approach and uses finite state automata as its abstract string domain in order to track tainted flows more precisely. We run \({\text {TAJS}}_{\text {taint}}\) on a set of real Web pages and show that \({\text {TAJS}}_{\text {taint}}\) can precisely detect taint-style vulnerabilities, especially those that are caused by insufficient input sanitization.
Supporting aesthetic experience of science in everyday life

Researchers have argued that a central goal of science education is to transform students' out-of-school experiences, so that students have aesthetic experiences of the world that would not otherwi...
Inequality and the Interwar Gold Standard

Many economic historians have argued that adherence to the gold standard was an important obstacle to recovery from the Great Depression. It is therefore important to understand the factors that affected a country’s determination to remain on gold. Here I explore a neglected but fundamental determinant: income inequality. I find that countries with higher income inequality at the start of the Depression remained on gold longer than countries with lower inequality (Inequality of wealth could also be an important factor, but since the wealth data were limited for the interwar period, this paper just focuses on inequality of income). The paper lays out the econometric evidence for this relationship and analyzes the underlying political economy that explains the relationship between inequality and adherence to the gold standard.
Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support Culturally Tailored for African Americans: COVID-19-Related Factors Influencing Restart of the TX STRIDE Study.

PurposeThe purpose of this substudy was to determine the most acceptable way to restart the Texas Strength Through Resilience in Diabetes Education (TX STRIDE) study safely using remote technologie...
Book Review: Thirteen Strategies to Measure College Teaching by Ron Berk (Stylus, 2006)

Excerpt: The evaluation of teaching is something that is done virtually wherever teaching itself is done. At the college level, it factors into annual evaluations, merit raises and promotion and tenure decisions. At too many places, though, it is done in a shallow, haphazard fashion. Why is this, when there is a large body of research about and standards for the measurement of effective teaching? Very possibly, the existence of those methods have not gotten to the people making decisions on how teaching is evaluated at individual colleges – i.e. faculty in disciplines other than that of educational measurement. Ron Berk’s book, Thirteen Strategies to Measure College Teaching, aims at evangelizing the rest of academia with the good news of how to do it right.
A Surrogate Approach to the Experimental Optimization of Multielement Airfoils

The incorporation of experimental test data into the optimization process is accomplished through the use of Bayesian-validated surrogates. In the surrogate approach, a surrogate for the experiment (e.g., a response surface) serves in the optimization process. The validation step of the framework provides a qualitative assessment of the surrogate quality, and bounds the surrogate-for-experiment error on designs ``near'''' surrogate-predicted optimal designs. The utility of the framework is demonstrated through its application to the experimental selection of the trailing edge flap position to achieve a design lift coefficient for a three-element airfoil.
The Hispanic population: 1990–2000 growth and change

Data sources indicate that there were significant changes in the Hispanic populationbetween 1990 and 2000. Using short-form data from the 1990 and 2000 censuses,we explore changes in the size and distribution of the Latino population. The mostimportant shifts in the Hispanic population are the continued increase of the Latinopopulation in the United States, the significant growth of Hispanic population whoidentify as `other' Latino, and the growing importance of the Midwest and South aspopular receiving areas for Latinos. Additionally, our comparison of householdcomposition over the ten-year period shows little change. We offer potentialexplanations, both substantive and methodological, for these important transitionsin the Latino population over the decade.
A Comprehensive Toolset for Workload Characterization, Performance Modeling, and Online Control

With the advances of computer hardware and software technologies, electronic businesses are moving towards the on-demand era, where services and applications can be deployed or accommodated in a dynamic and autonomic fashion. This leads to a more flexible and efficient way to manage various system resources. For on-demand services and applications, performance modeling and analysis play key roles in many aspects of such an autonomic system. In this paper, we present a comprehensive toolset developed for workload characterization, performance modeling and analysis, and on-line control. The development of the toolset is based on state-of-the art techniques in statistical analysis, queueing theory, scheduling techniques, and on-line control methodologies. Built on a flexible software architecture, this toolset provides significant value for key business processes. This includes capacity planning, performance prediction, performance engineering and on-line control of system resources.
Work in progress - PRISM: a portal with a purpose

Accomplishing change in education must start where learning begins: with the classroom teacher. The "report to the Nation from the National commission on mathematics and science teaching in the 21st century" was unequivocal in its message (before it's too late. September 2000). The way to improve learning in science, mathematics, and technology is to improve teaching. And better teaching can be achieved through better preparation, professional development, and working conditions for our nation's teachers. Rose-Hulman institute of technology, with support from the Lilly endowment, is constructing a Web portal dedicated to improving middle school science, mathematics, and technology (SMT) instruction. Essentially, this gateway emulates emerging corporate practices of knowledge management (KM) and process reinvention through information technology (IT).
Numerical Techniques in Electromagnetics with MATLAB

Fundamental Concepts Introduction Review of Electromagnetic Theory Classification of EM Problems Some Important Theorems Analytical Methods Introduction Separation of Variables Separation of Variables in Rectangular Coordinates Separation of Variables in Cylindrical Coordinates Separation of Variables in Spherical Coordinates Some Useful Orthogonal Functions Series Expansion Practical Applications Attenuation Due to Raindrops Concluding Remarks Finite Difference Methods Introduction Finite Difference Schemes Finite Differencing of Parabolic PDEs Finite Differencing of Hyperbolic PDEs Finite Differencing of Elliptic PDEs Accuracy and Stability of FD Solutions Practical Applications I - Guided Structures Practical Applications II - Wave Scattering (FDTD) Absorbing Boundary Conditions for FDTD Finite Differencing for Nonrectangular Systems Numerical Integration Concluding Remarks Variational Methods Introduction Operators in Linear Spaces Calculus of Variations Construction of Functionals from PDEs Rayleigh-Ritz Method Weighted Residual Method Eigenvalue Problems Practical Applications Concluding Remarks Moment Methods Introduction Integral Equations Green's Functions Applications I - Quasi-Static Problems Applications II - Scattering Problems Applications III- Radiation Problems Applications IV - EM Absorption in the Human Body Concluding Remarks Finite Element Method Introduction Solution of Laplace's Equation Solution of Poisson's Equation Solution of the Wave Equation Automatic Mesh Generation I - Rectangular Domains Automatic Mesh Generation II - Arbitrary Domains Bandwidth Reduction Higher Order Elements Three-Dimensional Elements Finite Element Methods for Exterior Problems Finite-Element Time-Domain Method Concluding Remarks Transmission-line-matrix Method Introduction Transmission-line Equations Solution of Diffusion Equation Solution of Wave Equations Inhomogeneous and Lossy Media in TLM Three-Dimensional TLM Mesh Error Sources and Correction Absorbing Boundary Conditions Concluding Remarks Monte Carlo Methods Introduction Generation of Random Numbers and Variables Evaluation of Error Numerical Integration Solution of Potential Problems Regional Monte Carlo Methods Time-Dependent Problems Concluding Remarks Method of Lines Introduction Solution of Laplace's Equation Solution of Wave Equation Time-Domain Solution Concluding Remarks References Problems APPENDICES Vector Relations Vector Identities Vector Theorems Orthogonal Coordinates Programming in MATLAB MATLAB Fundamentals Using MATLAB to Plot Programming with MATLAB Functions Solving Equations Programming Hints Other Useful MATLAB Commands Solution of Simultaneous Equations Elimination Methods Iterative Methods Matrix Inversion Eigenvalue Problems Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems
Interpreting quantum oscillation experiments on underdoped YBa2Cu3O6+x

On the basis of negative transport coefficients, it has been argued that the quantum oscillations observed in underdoped YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 6+x} in high magnetic fields must be due to antinodal electron pockets. We point out a counterexample in which electronlike transport in a hole-doped cuprate is associated with Fermi-arc states. We also present evidence that the antinodal gap in YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 6.67} is robust to modest applied magnetic fields. We suggest that these observations should be taken into account when interpreting the results of the quantum oscillation experiments.
Strong Scaling of Matrix Multiplication Algorithms and Memory-Independent Communication Lower Bounds

A parallel algorithm has perfect strong scaling if its running time on P processors is linear in 1/P, including all communication costs. Distributed-memory parallel algorithms for matrix multiplication with perfect strong scaling have only recently been found. One is based on classical matrix multiplication (Solomonik and Demmel, 2011), and one is based on Strassen's fast matrix multiplication (Ballard, Demmel, Holtz, Lipshitz, and Schwartz, 2012). Both algorithms scale perfectly, but only up to some number of processors where the inter-processor communication no longer scales. We obtain a memory-independent communication cost lower bound on classical and Strassen-based distributed-memory matrix multiplication algorithms. These bounds imply that no classical or Strassen-based parallel matrix multiplication algorithm can strongly scale perfectly beyond the ranges already attained by the two parallel algorithms mentioned above. The memory-independent bounds and the strong scaling bounds generalize to other algorithms.
Highly Precise Wavelengths in the Infrared. II. HCN, N 2 O, and CO†

A discussion is given of the effect of mechanical errors in a grating drive on the accuracy with which line frequencies can be measured. It is shown that it is highly improbable that a mechanical device used to rotate a diffraction grating can be constructed with sufficient precision so that the line-frequency error will be determined by the optical information observable in the near infrared spectrum. By making use of the echelle spectrograph 67 lines of the 001–000 absorption band of HCN have been measured. Almost 400 lines from five N2O absorption bands arising from the ground state of the molecule have been measured. In addition, 11 lines from the 1–0 fundamental band of CO have been measured in order to determine ν0 for this band. In all cases only band lines have been measured which appear to be free of blends. The molecular constants of the above bands have been determined by making use of the combination relationships applying least-squares methods to the data. The line frequencies have then been calculated to four decimal places and presented in tables. The tables contain over 600 line frequencies. We believe the calculated line frequencies (lines free of blends) have an absolute accuracy of about 1 part in 5×106 and a relative accuracy referring to lines within a given band somewhat greater.
Transneuronal retinal input to the primate Edinger-Westphal nucleus

The Edinger-Westphal nucleus of the oculomotor nuclear complex provides preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to the pupil. We labelled its retinal input by transneuronal autoradiography after an eye injection of [ 3 H]proline in the macaque monkey. The primary retinal projection to the pretectum terminated in the ipsilateral and contralateral olivary nuclei. These nuclei were intensely labelled and sharply delimited, with a mean diameter of 590 µm and a rostrocaudal length of 2.52 mm. The caudal half of the olivary nucleus on each side broke into multiple clumps of label. Fragments of label also surrounded each olivary nucleus. The exact pattern of pretectal labelling varied considerably among animals and even from side to side in the same animal. In 5 of 6 monkeys, label from the olivary nucleus reached the Edinger-Westphal nucleus transneuronally. In transverse sections, the Edinger-Westphal label appeared as a circular patch located on either side of the midbrain ventral to the cerebral aqueduct in the central gray matter. It averaged 230 µm in diameter and 610 µm in length. In Nissl-stained sections, the autoradiographic label corresponded to a distinct nucleus comprised of neurons that were smaller than neurons in nearby somatic subdivisions of the oculomotor complex. The mean area of Edinger-Westphal neurons was 295 µm 2 . Transneuronal retinal input to the EdingerWestphal nucleus mediating pupillary constriction terminates in a single, well-defined cell group in the midbrain. J. Comp. Neurol. 381:68‐80, 1997. r 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Indexing terms: pupil reflex; oculomotor nucleus; pretectum; olivary nucleus; ciliary ganglion
Isolation of virally-infected insect cells from a population containing infected and uninfected cells

A method was developed that can be used to isolate virally-infected insect cells from a mixed population containing infected and uninfected cells. Specifically, Spodoptera frugiperda Sf-9 cells infected with the Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus were treated with a primary antibody specific for the gp64 protein present on the surface of virally-infected cells and a secondary antibody labeled with a fluorochrome. The resulting labeled cells were isolated by using fluorescence-activated cell sorting.
An Interactional Analysis of Clinical Interviewing

Clinical interviewing is viewed here as a social interactional pattern in order to examine the nature and limits of the technique as a means of scientific data acquisition. I defend the technique against criticisms that it is ecologically suspect and prone to systematic biases, mainly due to influence of the interviewer on the interviewee or to unnatural and biasing interactional patterns. The Central Hypothesis of this work is that at least some forms of clinical interviewing are derivative of naturally occurring patterns of activity and interaction. As such, they do not warrant unnecessary a priori suspicion. More importantly, this view leads to avenues of empirical examination that allow determination and checking of the character of the clinical interaction, which bears directly on how and when data extracted in clinical contexts are scientifically valid. Data from an extensive corpus involving a single subject are used to illustrate and substantiate claims.
Analysis of behaviour of an unreliable n-stage transfer line with (n − 1) inter-stage storage buffers

This paper develops an efficient method to analyse the behaviour of an unreliable n-stage transfer line with (n − 1) finite inter-stage storage buffers. The n-stage line is decomposed into (n − 1) aggregate two-stage lines, for which analytical solutions are available. The method is developed through the examination of the steady state behaviour of the n-stage line and the decomposed lines, and the relationship between the failure and repair rates of the individual stages and the aggregate stages. Numerical and simulation experiments show that the method is efficient in computation and performs quite well.
Psychological science and religious education in a devout university: the case of pain overlap theory and the Talmud

AbstractEducators employed in devoutly religious institutions often teach students who view even their secular higher education through a uniquely religious lens. Based on his own experiences teaching psychological science at a Jewish university, the author suggests enhancing student interest and enthusiasm by wedding secular curricula with religious education, where feasible. By way of illustration, the current article shows how a cutting edge area of brain research could be taught in the context of ancient and medieval Jewish sources. This example is especially appropriate, given the recent special interest among leaders in the field of religious education in the potential relationships between their own discipline and the field of neuroscience, as well as the fact that the literatures of the histories of neuroscience and related disciplines have long noted the relevance of Jewish religious sources.