cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Copernican Approach to Brain Advancement: The Paradigm of Allostatic Orchestration

There are two main paradigms for brain-related science, with different implications for brain-focused intervention or advancement. The paradigm of homeostasis ("stability through constancy," Walter Cannon), originating from laboratory-based experimental physiology pioneered by Claude Bernard, shows that living systems tend to maintain system functionality in the direction of constancy (or similitude). The aim of physiology is to elucidate the factors that maintain homeostasis, and therapeutics aim to correct abnormal factor functions. The homeostasis paradigm does not formally recognize influences outside its controlled experimental frames and it is variable in its modeling of neural contributions. The paradigm of allostatic orchestration (PAO) extends the principle of allostasis ("stability through change") as originally put forth by Peter Sterling. The PAO originates from an evolutionary perspective and recognizes that biological set points change in anticipation of changing environments. The brain is the organ of central command, orchestrating cross-system operations to support optimal behavior at the level of the whole organism. Alternative views of blood pressure regulation and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) illustrate differences between the paradigms. For the PAO, complexities of top-down neural effects and environmental context are foundational (not to be "factored out"), and anticipatory regulation is the principle of their interface. The allostatic state represents the integrated totality of brain-body interactions. Health itself is an allostatic state of optimal anticipatory oscillation, hypothesized to relate to the state of criticality, a mathematical point of poise between phases, on the border between order and disorder (or the "edge of chaos"). Diseases are allostatic states of impaired anticipatory oscillations, demonstrated as rigidifications of set points across the brain and body (disease comorbidity). Conciliation of the paradigms is possible, with "reactive homeostasis" resolved as an illusion stemming from the anticipation of environmental monotony. Considerations are presented with respect to implications of the two paradigms for brain-focused intervention or advancement; the hypothesis that the state of criticality is a vehicle for evolutionary processes; concordance with a philosophy of freedom based on ethical individualism as well as self-creativity, non-obsolescence, empowerment, and citizenship; and concluding reflections on the science and ethics of the placebo, and the potential for virtuous cycles of brain-Anthropocene interactions.
Contemporary Hip Capsular Management and Closure Using a Suture Passing Device

Before comprehensive correction of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, capsular management must be thoughtfully considered to ensure both adequate visualization for bony resection and prevention of iatrogenic microinstability. A number of biomechanical and clinical studies have shown the importance of performing comprehensive capsular closure to restore native hip biomechanical kinematics. The purpose of this Technical Note is to describe the technique of using a suture passing device for capsular plication by a fellowship-trained hip arthroscopist at a large-volume academic center.
Applications of Salivary Bioscience to Precision Medicine

Precision medicine is an approach to treating mental and physical illness that aims to optimize treatment effectiveness by using individual genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors to determine which approaches will be effective for which patients. Salivary biomarkers enable noninvasive measurement of both state and trait individual differences in genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. In this chapter, the history and future directions of precision medicine will be summarized. Within this summary, we will review the role salivary bioscience has played in identifying moderators of treatment effects and explaining treatment efficacy across several prevalent and costly physical and mental conditions. Finally, this chapter will discuss the ways in which salivary bioscience could be used to advance the larger goals of precision medicine. We will highlight how salivary bioscience has the potential to overcome the feasibility barriers that have prevented many of the latest innovations in evidence-based precision medicine to be adopted by health care providers in primary and community settings.
Chapter 112 – Cerebrovascular Complications of Cancer

As cancer and stroke are, respectively, the second and fifth leading causes of mortality in the United States, it is not surprising to encounter a patient with these concomitant diagnoses. Various cerebrovascular disorders can occur within the oncological population, complicating the overall clinical course, treatment, and long-term outcome of cancer patients. Detailed investigation and precise diagnosis of cerebrovascular disorders in cancer patients is important for several reasons. Early recognition of acute stroke may allow the cancer patient access to interventional thrombolytic, surgical, and endovascular therapies, and improve overall patient outcome. Secondary stroke prevention therapies are also guided by the etiology of the particular cerebrovascular event. Additionally, diagnostic workups in young or cryptogenic stroke patients without overt cancer can lead to the first recognition of the underlying malignancy. This chapter presents an overview of cerebrovascular complications from cancer.
Indicators of Workplace Burnout Among Physicians, Advanced Practice Clinicians, and Staff in Small to Medium-Sized Primary Care Practices.

Background: The rising prevalence of burnout among physicians and other healthcare professionals has become a major concern in the United States. Identifying indicators of burnout could help reduce negative consequences such as turnover, loss of productivity, and adverse health behaviors. The goal of this study was to examine whether individual behaviors and attitudes towards major disruptive change has an effect on workplace burnout. Methods: This study analyzed survey responses from 1273 healthcare professionals from 154 small to medium-sized primary care practices participating in the EvidenceNOW initiative in Virginia. Healthcare professionals9 behaviors and attitudes, such as anxiety and withdrawal, were assessed to determine associations with workplace burnout. Results were examined by professional role. Results: Workplace burnout was reported by 31.6% of the physicians, 17.2% of advanced practice clinicians, 18.9% of clinical support staff, and 17.5% of administrative staff. Regardless of burnout status, results show all healthcare professional groups had high levels of anxiety. Providers had significantly higher scores for anxiety than all other healthcare professionals. Providers who experienced higher levels of anxiety and withdrawal were more than three times as likely to report burnout compared to those who experienced low levels in these domains. Conclusions: Understanding individual behaviors and attitudes towards disruptive change may help practice leaders and policymakers develop strategies to reduce burnout among healthcare professionals. Programs should focus on strengthening the work environment of small to medium-sized practices to improve organizational capacity for change and address high levels of anxiety experienced by physicians, advanced practice clinicians and staff.
Rates of Eye Care and Diabetic Eye Disease among Insured Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.

Purpose To determine rates of eye examinations and diabetic eye disease in the first 5 years after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (DM2) among continuously insured adults. Design Retrospective, longitudinal cohort study. Participants Insured patients aged 40 years or older with newly diagnosed DM2 (n = 42 684), and control patients without diabetes matched on age, sex, and race were identified from a nationwide commercial claims database containing data from 2007 to 2015. Methods All patients were tracked for 6 years: 1 year before and 5 years after the index diabetes diagnosis. Receipt of eye care for individual patients was identified using International Classification of Diseases 9th edition (ICD-9) procedure codes or Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes indicating an eye examination, as well as encounters indicating the patient was seen by an ophthalmologist. A diagnosis of diabetic eye disease was determined by using ICD-9 codes. Main Outcome Measures Outcome measures included annual receipt of eye care and development of diabetic eye disease, namely, diabetic retinopathy (DR). Associations between these outcomes and demographic factors were tested with multivariable logistic regression. Results Diabetic patients received more eye examinations than controls in each year, but no more than 40.4% of diabetic patients received an examination in any given year. Patients with Medicare Advantage received fewer eye examinations at 5 years (odds ratio [OR], 0.79; P Conclusions The majority of diabetic patients do not receive adequate eye care within the 5 years after initial diabetes diagnosis despite having insurance. Efforts should be made to improve adherence to screening guidelines, especially for vulnerable populations.
Prosodic Aspects of the Attractive Voice

A speaker’s voice impacts listeners’ perceptions of its owner, leading to inference of gender, age, personality, and even height and weight. In this chapter, we describe research into the qualities of speech that are deemed “attractive” by a listener. There are a number of ways that a person can be found attractive. We will review the research into what makes speakers attractive in the political and business domains, and what vocal properties lead to perceptions of trust. We then turn our attention to research into “likeability” and romantic attraction. While the lexical content of a speaker’s speech is important to their attractiveness, we focus this survey on prosodic qualities, those acoustic properties that describe “how” the words are said rather than “what” the words are. Of course, attractiveness is subjective; what is attractive to one listener may not be to another. Properties of the listener and other contextual qualities can have a significant impact on the voices which are found to be attractive. The most comprehensive research in this topic includes analyses of both the speaker and the listener, since attraction is frequently a mutual phenomenon; when people are attracted to someone, they want to be found attractive in return. We will also summarize work that has investigated attraction dynamics in two-party conversations.
Examining trends in substance use disorder capacity and service delivery by Health Resources and Services Administration-funded health centers: A time series regression analysis

Author(s): Pourat, Nadereh; O'Masta, Brenna; Chen, Xiao; Lu, Connie; Zhou, Weihao; Daniel, Marlon; Hoang, Hank; Sripipatana, Alek | Abstract: BackgroundThe opioid epidemic and subsequent mortality is a national concern in the U.S. The burden of this problem is disproportionately high among low-income and uninsured populations who are more likely to experience unmet need for substance use services. We assessed the impact of two Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) substance use disorder (SUD) service capacity grants on SUD staffing and service use in HRSA -funded health centers (HCs).Methods and findingsWe conducted cross-sectional analyses of the Uniform Data System (UDS) from 2010 to 2017 to assess HC (n = 1,341) trends in capacity measured by supply of SUD and medication-assisted treatment (MAT) providers, utilization of SUD and MAT services, and panel size and visit ratio measured by the number of patients seen and visits delivered by SUD and MAT providers. We merged mortality and national survey data to incorporate SUD mortality and SUD treatment services availability, respectively. From 2010 to 2015, 20% of HC organizations had any SUD staff, had an average of one full-time equivalent SUD employee, and did not report an increase in SUD patients or SUD services. SUD capacity grew significantly in 2016 (43%) and 2017 (22%). MAT capacity growth was measured only in 2016 and 2017 and grew by 29% between those years. Receipt of both supplementary grants increased the probability of any SUD capacity by 35% (95% CI: 26%, 44%) and service use, but decreased the probability of SUD visit ratio by 680 visits (95% CI: -1,013, -347), compared to not receiving grants.ConclusionsThe significant growth in HC specialized SUD capacity is likely due to supplemental SUD-specific HRSA grants and may vary by structure of grants. Expanding SUD capacity in HCs is an important step in increasing SUD access for low income and uninsured populations broadly and for patients of these organizations.
Multimodal Computational Modeling of Visual Object Recognition Deficits but Intact Repetition Priming in Schizophrenia.

The term perceptual closure refers to the neural processes responsible for "filling-in" missing information in the visual image under highly adverse viewing conditions such as fog or camouflage. Here we used a closure task that required the participants to identify barely recognizable fragmented line-drawings of common objects. Patients with schizophrenia have been shown to perform poorly on this task. Following priming, controls and importantly patients can complete the line-drawings at greater levels of fragmentation behaviorally, suggesting an improvement in their ability to perform the task. Closure phenomena have been shown to involve a distributed network of cortical regions, notably the lateral occipital complex (LOC) of the ventral visual stream, dorsal visual stream (DS), hippocampal formation (HIPP) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We have previously demonstrated the failure of closure processes in schizophrenia and shown that the dysregulation in the sensory information transmitted to the prefrontal cortex plays a critical role in this failure. Here, using a multimodal imaging approach in patients, combining event related electrophysiological recordings (ERP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics of priming in perceptual closure. Using directed functional connectivity measures we demonstrate that priming modifies the network-level interactions between the nodes of closure processing in a manner that is functionally advantageous to patients resulting in the mitigation of their deficit in perceptual closure.
Oviposition choices by a pre-dispersal seed predator (Hylemya sp.) : II. A positive association between female choice and fruit set.

Pre-dispersal seed predators must choose proper hosts and flowers on those hosts that have a high probability of setting seed. In this study, I documented that flowers of Ipomopsis aggregata (Polemoniaceae) chosen by a pre-dispersal seed predator (Anthomyiidae: Hylemya sp.) had a higher probability of seed set than flowers the fly did not choose. I experimentally tested the hypothesis that Hylemya uses a post-fertilization cue in making oviposition choices. I found no evidence for this hypothesis.
Police Encounters as Stressors: Associations with Depression and Anxiety across Race:

Stress researchers have emphasized the relationship between social stress and mental health. However, research investigating police brutality as a stressor is scarce. The authors conceptualize poli...
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias

Heterogeneous group of diseases of unknown etiology which cause lung fibrosis (interstitial lung disease). In 2002, the ATS/ERS classification recognized seven clinico-pathologic entities. The 2013 updated version emphasizes the need for multidisciplinary team approach comprising clinician, radiologist, and pathologist.
Anti-inflammatory effects of tibial axial loading on knee articular cartilage post traumatic injury

Abstract Early therapeutic intervention to mitigate inflammatory responses following joint injury may offer a potential strategy to prevent post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). In-vitro studies have demonstrated uniaxial dynamic compression mitigates the catabolic and apoptotic responses of articular cartilage (AC) in response to mechanical injury. The objectives of this study were (1) to develop a custom device that can apply dynamic tibial axial loading (TAL) to knee AC by mimicking therapeutic, in-vitro loading conditions and (2) to investigate the potential of TAL to reduce the inflammatory response of AC post traumatic acute joint injury using an ex-vivo porcine model. A TAL device was fabricated to apply dynamic compressive loading to knee AC by combining tibial axial compressive loading with continuous passive motion. Computational analyses demonstrated that the loading condition applied to the knee by the TAL device closely simulate uniaxial dynamic compression reported in previous in-vitro studies. Following single impact injury, injured porcine knees were subjected to TAL with a magnitude of 1/4 body weight at a frequency of 1 Hz for 30 min. AC samples were harvested 8 h post injury for analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-1β and TNF-α). Expression of both cytokines was upregulated following injury; however, the change was notably mitigated in the specimens subjected to TAL. Thus, TAL may be an effective and potentially, practical-to-administer early intervention strategy to mitigate rapidly occurring detrimental events following acute AC injury, potentially slowing down progression to PTOA.
Neutron Scattering Studies of Solid Electrolytes

Neutron scattering is now a well-established technique for probing atomic positions and motions in a solid or liquid.1 To a first approximation the neutron impinging on a sample is scattered by the nuclei and the energy and momentum of the scattered neutron is determined by the collective nature of the sample’s nuclei (coherent scattering process) or by the individual atom’s motion (incoherent scattering process).
Age and Sex Effects in Anchoring Vignette Studies: Methodological and Empirical Contributions

Anchoring vignettes are an increasingly popular tool for identifying and correcting for group differences in use of subjective ordered response categories. However, existing techniques to maximize response consistency (use of the same standards for self-ratings as for vignette-ratings), which center on matching vignette characters’ demographic characteristics to respondents’ own characteristics, appear at times to be ineffective or to pose interpretive difficulties. Specifically, respondents often appear to neglect instructions to treat vignette characters as age peers. Furthermore, when vignette characters’ sex is matched to respondents’ sex, interpretation of sex differences in rating style is rendered problematic. This study applies two experimental manipulations to a national American sample (n=1,765) to clarify best practices for enhancing response consistency. First, an analysis of two methods of highlighting vignette characters’ age suggests that both yield better response consistency than previous, less prominent means. Second, a comparison of ratings of same- and opposite-sex vignette characters suggests that, with avoidable exceptions, the sex of the respondent rather than of the vignette character drives observed sex differences in rating style. Implications for interpretation and design of anchoring vignette studies are discussed. Findings also show significant sex, educational, and racial/ethnic differences in styles of rating health, and racial/ethnic differences in styles of rating political efficacy. These findings underscore the incomparability of unadjusted subjective self-ratings across demographic groups.
Striking Out: The Case of Mighty Casey

In Striking Out (Capps 2011a), I explored two meanings of the phrase “striking out.” One means to begin, advance, or proceed, especially in a new way or direction. The other, associated with baseball, means an out by a batter charged with three strikes. The book focused more on the first than the second meaning. In this article I take up the second meaning by considering the mythical case of “mighty Casey,” whose strike out is portrayed in Ernest Thayer’s poem Casey at the Bat (Thayer 1888). I suggest that at the time Thayer wrote the poem he identified personally with Casey’s failure. I also use my proposal in Agents of Hope (Capps 2001) that failed hopes may engender a spirit of modesty to interpret the change in Casey’s own self-understanding as presented in certain sequels to the original poem written by other authors. In addition, I imagine a scenario in which a local pastor, in his role of agent of hope, helps Casey deal with his despair and accompanying depression in the wake of his failure and to recover his capacity to hope. I conclude that Ernest Thayer’s life also reflected a spirit of modesty.
THE NEW TAX INFORMATION EXCHANGE AGREEMENT: A POTENT WEAPON AGAINST U.S. TAX FRAUD?

On October 2, 1996, after sixteen (16) years of negotiation, the U.S. signed a new tax treaty with Switzerland ("1996 Agreement"). The seventh and final category of eligible persons is a specific family foundation under Swiss law. In the fifth hypothetical, the taxpayer essentially undertakes the same transaction as in the previous two examples (examples 3 and 4), but the taxpayer does not keep records of receipts or expenses, and all the relevant information is told to authorities by an informant who specifically states that the individual told the informant that the taxpayer has been underreporting his or her income. More recently, however, money laundering and organized crime have subverted this underlying, noble purpose of Swiss banking secrecy. As a result, the new law appeases international pressure on Switzerland to relax its banking secrecy laws, eliminates conflicts currently existing in Swiss law concerning banking secrecy, and provides an increased deterrent to money laundering. However, with the renewed effort at information sharing between Switzerland and the U.S. stemming from the 2003 Agreement, it will be harder for terrorists or persons wishing to commit tax fraud to conduct their business in Switzerland because the Swiss are now not so willing to protect these people from the wrath of the U.S. ...
Activity-based costing menu engineering: a new and more accurate way to maximize profits from your restaurant menu.

Abstract Traditional cost accounting systems have been replaced in recent years in the manufacturing sector by Activity-Based Costing (ABC) systems. This study tests and demonstrates whether the incorporation of ABC data into traditional menu engineering methods provides food service managers with an improved tool for cost and profitability analysis. The study uses ABC data collected from a restaurant in a western urban area of the United States. The results reveal that ABC Menu Engineering is a superior method for establishing overall menu profitability, and that a restaurant manager's menu management decisions will change dramatically if he or she is confronted with differing results from a contribution margin menu engineering analysis and an ABC approach.
Isolation of Human Monocyte Populations

This unit describes the isolation of monocytes from lymphocytes by adherence, gradient sedimentation on colloidal silica particles, and flow cytometry. Because the first two methods can result in cell activation (induction of gene expression or protein secretion), and the third is technically difficult, a fourth protocol is presented which describes counterflow centrifugal elutriation. This latter procedure can be used to isolate large numbers of purified, nonactivated monocytes.
Improved methods for detecting and characterizing tumor cells in disaggregated lymph node metastases.

5155 The main objective of the study was to develop improved methods to detect, isolate and characterize tumor cells present in lymph nodes, core biopsies of suspected malignancies or fine needle aspirates. Such methods may be of significant practical value in the assessment of disease stage, prognosis and possibly in determining optimal therapy. The ability to characterize the isolated tumor cells would make it possible to assess their expression of clinically relevant tumor-associated antigens and biomarkers. However, all reported methods have limitations regarding specificity, sensitivity and standardization. Here we show a new approach by combining the advantages of EpiSep XRC technology with our previously described immunomagnetic methods for rapid and simple isolation of circulating tumor cells from peripheral blood and bone marrow. The method is based on the use of immunomagnetic beads and fluorescent microspheres coated with specific antibodies for enrichment of the target cells present in a cell suspension, applying the enriched cell suspension onto a magnetic target cell capture area on the EpiSep slide. Non-target cells and unbound fluorescent microspheres are absorbed by adsorbent pads contained in the EpiSep slide. In this system we used simultaneously 2-4 types of non-magnetic, fluorescent small microspheres, each type coated with an antibody known to bind cell surface markers relevant for the cancer type studied. The target cell detection is greatly faciliated by the strong fluorescense obtained with the microspheres. This approach allows confirmation of the nature of each, individual target cell and also visualizing the expression of tumor specific and prognostically important cell membrane markers, such as EGFR and erbB2. The entire procedure can be completed in less than 2 hours. Here we demonstrate the use of the methods on lymph node metastases from melanoma patients. In addition to visualizing expression of several membrane markers we show that the EpiSep slides made it possible to demonstrate the expression of specific intracellular antigens by immunofluorescense. The methods can easily be applied to any complex mixture of cells, including FNA’s, ascitic and pleural effusions as well as to disaggregated cell suspensions from a variety of solid tumors. The captured cells are pure, viable and can be used for further molecular analysis and in vitro or in vivo culturing.
Pattern Discovery and Model Construction: an Evolutionary Learning and Data Mining Approach

In the information age, knowledge leads to profits, power and success. As an ancestor of data mining, machine learning has concerned itself with discovery of new knowledge on its own. This paper presents experiment results produced by genetic algorithms in the domains of model construction and event predictions, the areas where data mining systems have been focusing on. The experiment results have shown that genetic algorithms are able to discover useful patterns and regularities in large sets of data, and to construct models that conceptualize input data. It demonstrates that genetic algorithms are a powerful and useful learning algorithm for solving fundamental tasks data mining systems are facing today.
Multiphoton Dissociation of Polyatomic Molecules: Quantum or Classical?

This talk deals with a theoretical study of the interaction of polyatomic molecules with an intense laser beam. The main interest in the problem comes from the experimental observation of isotopically selective multiphoton laser induced dissociation of molecules such as NH3, SF6, etc. under illumination by intense infrared laser radiation. The following discussion will treat the specific case of SF6 as an example. When SF6 is illuminated by CO2 laser radiation of a suitable frequency, an appreciable change in the dissociation rate of SF6 is found when the S32 nucleus is replaced by S34. This phenomenon clearly has great potential for laser isotope separation technology. Other very important applications may be found in laser induced photochemistry.
The Crimean Secession: A Comment on Chesterman's 'Crimean War 2.0: Ukraine and International Law'

This article discusses the right of secession in general, the recent Crimean secession in particular, and Simon Chesterman’s recent article on the Crimean secession.
Strong piezoelectric anisotropy d15/d33 in ⟨111⟩ textured Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics

The shear mode piezoelectric properties of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PMN-PZT) ceramic with 72% ⟨111⟩ texture were investigated. The piezoelectric anisotropic factor d15/d33 was as high as 8.5 in ⟨111⟩ textured ceramic as compared to 2.0 in random counterpart. The high d15/d33 indicates the “rotator” ferroelectric characteristics of PMN-PZT system and suggests that the large shear piezoelectric response contributes towards the high longitudinal piezoelectric response (d33) in non-polar direction (d33 = 1100 pC/N in ⟨001⟩ textured ceramic vs. d33 = 112 pC/N in ⟨111⟩ textured ceramic).
Poor compliance: The hidden risk factor

Poor compliance with prescribed regimens remains a potent barrier to good outcomes in coronary heart disease and other chronic diseases. Such poor compliance is related to disease, patient, provider, and treatment factors and has yet to be fully understood. In general, the less complex the regimen, the better informed the patient and the physician, and the more serious the disease, the better the compliance.
Diffusion on surfaces of finite size: Mössbauer effect as a probe

Abstract In this manuscript, we present a theoretical analysis of the Mossbauer spectrum of a particle diffusing on surfaces of finite size. The spectrum exhibits a broadening of the linewidth, which has a characteristic size dependence associated with it. We present explicit results for spherical surfaces and discs with various types of boundary conditions. The spectrum is sensitive to the type of boundary condition. The Mossbauer spectrum can be used as an independent technique for surface diffusion studies, and can be compared with the results obtained from field ion microscopy investigations. Field ion microscopy studies focus on the mean squared displacement of the particles. Using the same formalism, we present results for the mean squared displacement of particles on small domains subject to varying boundary conditions.
Doctoral Student Satisfaction: An Examination of Disciplinary, Enrollment, and Institutional Differences

Previous research suggests that it is the department, not the graduate school that bears the greatest responsibility for doctoral students’ progress and success (Ehrenberg et al., Doctoral education and the faculty of the future (pp. 15–34). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2009) dictating the need to examine and understand how doctoral students experience their education at the department level. In the present study, we analyzed the NAGPS’ 2000 National Doctoral Program Survey (NDPS) data in an effort to understand the differences in the satisfaction levels of doctoral students (current, recent graduates, and former) across various academic disciplines (e.g. social sciences, humanities, engineering) and different institutional types (e.g. research extensive and research intensive). Employing both traditional (ANOVA) and item-level (Rasch Rating Scale Model) analyses we found that although overall satisfaction with doctoral experiences appears to be equivalent/similar across multiple disciplines, student satisfaction within disciplines varied significantly and consistently with respect to specific academic experiences.
Elastic wing response’s to an incoming gust

The behavior of thin elastic blade and wing subjected to a traveling disturbance is considered. The blade response to an incoming gust is predicted, then the pressure around the blade is coupled to the far field pressure in order to predict the intensity of acoustic radiation as well as the acoustic wave propagation in far field. The effect of the elasticity of the blade on the acoustic wave is predicted. The blade vibration induced by landing acoustic wave is investigated. The two dimensions inviscid flow aerodynamic theorem associated with the strip theorem are used to model the flow around the elastic thin wing. Bernoulli-Euler theorem are used in order to describe the wing motion. The fluid and the wing motions are coupled via the boundaries condition at the blade surface. The incoming gust considered here is a monochromatic wave traveling with a given speed. The problem formulation leads to a forced well known aeroelasticity Fung equation. The eigenvalue of the homogeneous part are computed and a formal solution of the forced equation is obtained. The behavior of thin elastic blade and wing subjected to a travelingdisturbance is considered. The blade response to an incoming gust ispredicted, then the pressure around the blade is coupled to the far fieldpressure in order to predict the intensity of acoustic radiation as well as theacoustic wave propagation in far field. The effect of the elasticity of theblade on the acoustic wave is predicted. The blade vibration induced bylanding acoustic wave is investigated. The two dimensions inviscid flowaerodynamic theorem associated with the strip theorem are used to modelthe flow around the elastic thin wing. Bernoulli-Euler theorem are used inorder to describe the wing motion. The fluid and the wing motions arecoupled via the boundaries condition at the blade surface. The incominggust considered here is a monochromatic wave traveling with a givenspeed. The problem formulation leads to a forced well known aeroelasticityFung equation. The eigenvalue of the homogeneous part are computedand a formal solution of the forced equation is obtained
Poly(ethylene oxide) crystallization in single walled carbon nanotube based nanocomposites: Kinetics and structural consequences

Abstract The overall isothermal crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) based nanocomposites is studied with a focus on growth kinetics and morphological evolution of PEO using differential scanning calorimetry and in-situ small angle x-ray scattering measurements respectively. The characteristic time for crystallization of PEO increases due to the presence of lithium dodecyl sulfate (LDS) stabilized carbon nanotubes. Further, analysis of crystallization data using the Lauritzen–Hoffman regime theory of crystal growth shows the PEO chains stiffen in presence of LDS with an increased energy barrier associated with the nucleation and crystal growth, and the nanotubes further act as a barrier to chain transport or enhance the efficacy of the LDS action. The energy penalty and diffusional barrier to chain transport in the nanocomposites disrupt the crystalline PEO helical conformation. This destabilization leads to preferential growth of local nuclei resulting in formation of thinner crystal lamellae and suggests that the crystallization kinetics is strongly affected by the nucleation and crystal growth events. This study is particularly interesting considering the suppression of the PEO crystallinity in presence of small fraction of Lithium ion based surfactant and carbon nanotubes.
Quadratic detectors for general nonlinear analysis of speech

General quadratic detectors are defined and linked to the discrete-time version of Teager's model (1980), to quadratic (also known as bilinear) time-frequency representations, and to other theory. As demonstrated on speech, these detectors have resolution advantages in simultaneous frequency selectivity and temporal resolution over linear detectors. Preprocessing for pitch detection using the detector is investigated, and it is shown that fast preprocessing for pitch tracking can be obtained by a suitable choice of coefficients. Simple speaker-independent phoneme classification based on a quadratic preprocessor and an artificial neural network is also examined, and comparative results indicate that a quadratic preprocessor facilitates the accurate estimation of waveform features. The preliminary results also suggest that these waveform features may provide useful information for fine phonetic distinctions. >
The clinical significance of absent end-diastolic velocity in the umbilical artery waveforms.

L'article donne le resultat d'etudes ou l'observation d'une annulation du flux diastolique a l'examen Doppler de l'artere ombilicale a ete correlee avec la survenue d'une souffrance fœtale, d'une hypertension gravidique ou l'existence d'anomalies chromosomiques chez le fœtus sont ensuite discutees les hypotheses physiopathologiques et la conduite a tenir lorsqu'une telle anomalie est decouverte sur le trace Doppler
Probability of Achieving Requisite Pharmacodynamic Exposure for Oral β-Lactam Regimens against Haemophilus influenzae in Children

Objective: To define contemporary levels of resistance of Haemophilus influenzae to antibacterials commonly used to treat children for bacterial respiratory infections, and to assess the probability of achieving the requisite pharmacodynamic exposures for regimens against recent respiratory H. influenzae isolates using Monte Carlo simulation. Methods: 233 H. influenzae isolates obtained from pediatric outpatients with acute otitis media (n = 55), sinusitis (n = 58), or lower respiratory tract infections (n = 120) from 1 November 2004 to 30 April 2005 were characterized for β-lactamase production and susceptibility to a panel of 10 β-lactam antimicrobials. 5000 concentration-time profiles were simulated for US FDA-approved doses of oral amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefpodoxime, cefprozil, ceftibuten, and cefuroxime using pharmacokinetics and weights of 5-year old male children. The probability of attaining free drug concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for 50% of the dosing interval (50% fT>MIC) was assessed for each regimen against this population of H. influenzae. Results: β-Lactamase production was demonstrated in 67 (28.8%) of the H. influenzae isolates and varied by isolation site (38% acute otitis media, 36% sinusitis, and 21% lower respiratory tract infections). Regarding susceptibility, the rank order of the tested antimicrobials was ceftriaxone = cefixime (100%) > cefpodoxime (99.6%) > ceftibuten = amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (99.1%) > cefdinir (98.7%) > cefuroxime (97.4%) > cefprozil (93.1%) > cefaclor (92.3%) > amoxicillin (63.1%). The most active agents based on pharmacodynamic assessment (50% fT>MIC) were cefpodoxime (98.9%), ceftibuten (95.3%), and high-dose amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (90.4%). Several amoxicillin regimens also achieved a high likelihood of pharmacodynamic target attainment (91.8–98.6%) when β-lactamase-positive strains were excluded from the analysis. Conclusion: Against H. influenzae, the antibacterials most likely to achieve optimal in vivo exposures in children are cefpodoxime, ceftibuten, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.
Interactions of membrane excitability mutations affecting potassium and sodium currents in the flight and giant fiber escape systems of Drosophila.

We have studied the influence of the K+-current mutations eag and Sh and the Na+-current mutation nap ts upon two well-defined neural circuits that underlie flight and an escape response in Drosophila, recording from dorsal longitudinal and tergotrochanteral muscles. Mutations of Sh and eag affected refractory period and following frequency, but not latency, of the jump-and-flight escape response. The nap ts mutation altered these 3 physiological parameters of the “jump” (TTM), but not the “flight” (DLM), branch, suggesting differences in the vulnerability of different circuit components to the mutation. In contrast to their interaction in some other systems, nap ts did not counteract the effects of eag and Sh upon these physiological parameters in eag Sh; nap triple mutants. In eag Sh double mutants, in which multiple K+ currents may be diminished, flight muscles showed abnormal rhythmic activity not associated with flight, and some flies also had an abnormal wings-down posture. The low-frequency spikes probably originated in the flight muscle motoneurons, but the coordination between muscle fibers during this “non-flight activity” was distinct from flight. Nevertheless, in spite of the presence of this non-flight activity in resting eag Sh flies, those animals with normal wing posture were also able to fly, with a normal pattern of muscle activity. This suggests that in these mutants, the DLM motoneuron circuit is able to switch between two patterns of output, non-flight activity and flight. In eag Sh; nap triple mutants, the non-flight activity and abnormal wing posture were absent, indicating that a reduction of Na+ current counteracts the hyperexcitable influence of the K+-current mutations in this circuit.
The theoretical significance of the Latin accusative and infinitive: a reply to Pillinger

Pillinger (I980) argues that the Latin accusative and infinitive construction provides evidence against some of the current assumptions of Relational Grammar (RG) and,' to a lesser extent, the Extended Standard Theory (EST). I argue that, even if one accepts Pillinger's analysis of this construction as I would, perhaps with less diffidence than Pillinger himself then this analysis is completely neutral with regard to deciding between RG and EST and compatible with either. The main question to which Pillinger addresses himself is the syntactic structure of (i) (= Pillinger's (I)):
Voice Deviations and Coexisting Communication Disorders

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which other communicative disorders coexist with voice disorders in school children. The authors randomly selected two voice deviant groups ...
LOCALIZATION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN THE COWPEA PLANT AT DIFFERENT PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT

MANY INVESTIGATIONS have been conducted to determine the quantitative distribution of ascorbic acid in the organs and tissues of different types of animals (Bessey and King, 1933; Yavorsky, Almaden, and King, 1934; Bourne, 1935; Giroud and Leblond, 1935; Giroud and Ratsimanga, 1935). The highest concentrations are reported to be found in glandular tissues such as the adrenals, the glandular part of the pituitary, corpus luteum, and young thymus; somewhat lower concentrations in the pancreas, liver, spleen, testes, ovaries, thyroid, intestinal walls, and brain; intermediate quantities in heart, kidneys, and lungs, and the lowest amounts in muscles, connective tissues, and stored fat. Bessey and King (1933) and King (1936) correlated the degree of cellular activity and rate of metabolism of the tissues with concentration of the acid, those tissues with the greatest cellular activity and highest metabolic rate having relatively the highest ascorbic acid content. Although man is dependent chiefly upon plant tissues and products for his supply of vitamin C, there has been comparatively little detailed work done on plants to determine the exact distribution in the organs and localization in the component tissues (Tillmans, Hirsch, and Jackisch, 1932; Bessey and King, 1933; Strohecker, 1935; Rudra, 1936). It is now well recognized that chlorophyll-bearing tissues tend to have the highest concentrations (Randoin, Giroud, and Leblond, 1935) although there is not necessarily a close parallelism between the quantity of chlorophyll and ascorbic acid in any tissue (Veselkine, Lubimenko, Boulgakova, and Ilyine, 1934). The data to be presented in this paper show, in agreement with King's statement, that just as in the animal body, the centers of highest concentration are those of greatest cellular activity. The method of determining the ascorbic acid content of tissues which was employed in the present investigation is a modification of the Tillmans method (Tillmans et al., 1932) developed by Musulin and King (1936). They found that an extracting solution consisting of 8 per cent trichloracetic acid and 2 per cent metaaphosphoric acid (Fujita and Iwatake, 1935) gave excellent results. Metaphosphoric acid protects the vitamin from oxidation, chiefly by removing any traces of copper which may be present. The trichloracetic acid acts as a protein precipitant and thus facilitates the extraction and filtration processes. For plant tissues of many kinds, glacial acetic acid can be substituted for the trichloracetic. This was done in
Enhancement of cell coupling reduces AF vulnerability in a canine model of chronic mitral regurgitation

Background: Heterogeneous conduction with areas of slow conduction has been shown to be the electrophysiologic substrate responsible for AF vulnerability in a canine model of chronic mitral regurgitation (MR). ZP123 is a hexapeptide that augments gap junction conductance, improving cell coupling. We studied its effects on this animal model to test the hypothesis that improvement in atrial conduction would decrease the vulnerability to AF. Methods: Five control and 5 chronic MR dogs were studied. In open-chest experiments, epicardial mapping or the right and left atria was performed with arrays of 512 electrodes. Conduction patterns, ERP, and AF inducibility were studied. Two electrodes were placed on the LV to assess ERP and arrhythmia inducibility. Measurements were performed at baseline, and at increasing doses of 10, 100 and 300 nM of ZP123. Results: Left atrial ERP showed a progressive shortening with increasing drug doses in both MR and control dogs, but were longer in the MR group compared to controls. Right atrial ERP shortened only in the MR group (p=0.01) and LV ERP did not change. Conduction velocity (CV) increased with respect to baseline with progressive drug concentrations in all measured areas and in both models. The increase was larger in MR LA compared to controls. Sustained AF (>30 minutes) occurred only in the MR dogs. At 100 nM of ZP123, duration of AF was markedly reduced for the MR group (96 ± 3 reduction, p<0.001) and no sustained episodes could be induced; reducing the AF vulnerability in MR dogs to that of the controls. No ventricular arrhythmias were induced.
Absorption of Oral Thyroxine in Man

Abstract Intestinal absorption of thyroxine (T4) was estimated from the serum 125I/131I ratio after simultaneous administration of oral T4-125I and intravenous T4-131I. Studies in normal subjects showed that the form of the oral T4-l26I was of great importance to its absorption: When given in .01 g human serum albumin (HSA), absorption was 71.1% ±9.0 (sd); in .30 g HSA, 46.9±6.1; in gastric juice with carrier T4 but without HSA, 73.5 ±10.4; in saline, 50.0 ±7.5; and in capsules (with lactose) 41.7 ±9.0. With all techniques, maximum absorption percentages became constant after a few hours. Ultimate T4 absorption was unaffected by administration of epinephrine or methylglucamine. Studies in patients showed decreased absorption in those with malabsorption syndrome and in some cirrhotic individuals. Other cirrhotics had unusually high absorption percentages. Normal results were obtained in some cirrhotic patients, and in the other groups of patients studied, including 4 individuals thought to require large re...