cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impact of COVID-19 Experience on Smart City and Future Mobility

This paper discusses the challenges and opportunities of the existing technologies and practices in the context of Smart City and Future Mobility to cope with pandemics. The overview shows a need to accelerate the deployment of Smart City and Smart Mobility technologies and revisit strategic supply chain planning models. It shows that advancements in IoT, communication, AI and Analytics play a crucial role in enabling rapid innovation in order to address immediate needs raised by COVID-19. The overview and discussion focus on five areas: Smart City Technologies, Robust Supply Chain of critical items, Smart Mobility, Connected and Intelligent Vehicles, and Ambient Intelligence.
The Onset of the Magnetized Pulsed Vacuum Arc: a Promising Way for High Efficiency Propulsion

Vacuum arcs nowadays are used in the wide range of applications including high current electronics, thin films deposition, particle accelerators and advanced plasma propulsion. Minute vacuum arc thrusters can be attractive for some applications such as small satellites (CubeSats) propelling, and the thrust level of such thrusters can be remarkably enhanced by implementing a magnetic field. However, for such applications as orbit raising or interplanetary missions, the overall performance including thrust and lifetime of such thrusters requires even further enhancement. This can be done by the adding a second acceleration stage to the thruster. Recently, we proposed a possible approach that we called a Micro-Cathode Arc Thruster with Magneto Plasma Dynamical second stage (μCAT-MPD) with applied magnetic field that can be created by either permanent magnet or magnetic coil. The first stage will produce the small shot of plasma, while the second MPD stage will generate even more plasma and accelerate it to the higher velocities by the j x B force. MPD principle of plasma acceleration, in our opinion, prevails over the gridded ion and Hall thruster concepts since it does not require ion-adsorbing and eroding grids, high voltages and cathodes-neutralizers with limited lifetime.Investigating this new plasma thruster, it has been revealed that such a magnetized pulsed two-staged discharge has an onset: its thrust and total charge of expelling ions rapidly jump after certain threshold dc voltage applied to the accelerating (MPD) second stage. Using independent experimental methods, we observed that the mentioned effect allows increasing the thrust (in several tens of times) simultaneously with thrust-to-power ratio (in several times). This opens up the perspectives of creation of new type of miniature and low-power plasma thrusters for small satellites propulsion.
The Effect of Teaching Clinics on Prescribing Practices

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lack of continuity in a teaching clinic and to ascertain the role of supervisory attending in treatment decisions in a teaching psychiatric clinic. A retrospective evaluation of paired consecutive visits of patients attending an education clinic was performed. Medication changes occurred in 56.3 % of all visit pairs. Visit pairs in which the resident was unchanged had significantly more medication changes than visit pairs in which the attending was unchanged. When the resident stays the same, the number of medication changes is high and does not change significantly even if the attending is the same or different. Similarly, when the resident is different, the number of medication changes is low and does not change significantly if the attending is the same or different. Residents, not the attending physicians, are more instrumental in medication changes in patients attending an education clinic.
Coherent Optical Spectroscopy of Molecules Undergoing Resonance Scattering and Radiationless Transitions: The Right-Angle Photon Echo

Before lasers were brought to the laboratories of chemists and physicists, molecular relaxations were identified using broad band chaotic light excitation. Knowledge of the radiative decay from the photon counting rate and the quantum yield gives information about one of the most fundamental processes in chemical dynamics; radiationless transitions. From the last two decades much is known about these processes, which simply result in a change of molecular electronic state without absorption or emission of photons. and encompass a wide class of phenomena such as autoionization in atoms, predissociation, molecular electronic relaxation and energy transport in condensed media. What is not known, at least experimentally, can be outlined with the following questions: (1) Do radiationless transitions depend on the nature of the exciting photon field? (2) What is the exact nature of the state we excite? (3) What is the influence of the ensemble optical coherence on the evolution of nonradiative processes? (4) Is there a threshold for an “ergodic” behavior in large molecules?
Stress Analysis for Fiber-Reinforced Materials

Publisher Summary Stress analysis for highly anisotropic materials is a matter of some current interest because of the growing practical importance of fibre-reinforced composites. Some of the most important problems concerning composites deal with the prediction of their properties from those of their constituents, or stress analysis on the microscopic scale, in which individual fibers are recognized. However, there is also a need for the practical methods of stress analysis at the macroscopic level. For this purpose, several closely related continuum models of the mechanical behavior of fibrous materials have been developed in recent years. These models treat the material as a homogeneous continuum with known properties. Much of the theory of ideal composites is independent of the nature of the shearing stress response of the material. The first theory concerned is the finite elastic shearing response; the main development of the theory came in the context of rigid-plastic response. The chapter also discusses the theory of infinitesimal plane strain of ideal composites. The theory is also applicable to the plane stress of fabrics. Displacement boundary value problems are trivial in this theory, but traction problems lead to a system of differential–difference equations of unusual form.
Friendly or Sexy?: It May Depend on Whom You Ask

A set of three studies replicated and extended Abbey's (1982) research, indicating that men perceive less friendliness, but more sexuality than women when observing women's social interactions. Study 1 was based on 49 previously unacquainted male-female pairs who engaged in brief face-to-face discussions, and 48 males and 61 females who observed one of those discussions. Study 2 was based on videotaped exchanges between a male store manager and a female cashier, and Study 3 between a male professor and a female student; 75 males and 88 females participated in Study 2, while 98 males and 102 females participated in Study 3. In all three studies, the men saw less friendliness, but more “sexiness” in the woman's behavior than the women. These results support the idea that some of the less severe forms of sexual harassment in business and academic settings may be better understood eventually through research and theory development that considers these sex differences in social perceptions.
How Weakness of the Will Is Possible

Thus P2 holds that if an agent judges x to be better, he will want to do x more. And P1 holds that if he wants to do x more then he will rather do x than y if he does either intentionally. However these two principles appear to be inconsistent with P3. Incontinent action is intentional action contrary to judgement (by definition), judgement leads to wanting more (P2), and wanting more to intentional action (P1). Intentional action contrary to an agent's better judgement appears to be ruled out by P1 and P2, but is necessary for P3. Davidson's solution to this apparent inconsistency hinges upon distinguishing unconditional from conditional judgements.2 Incontinent actions are actions contrary to the agent's better conditional judgement. The judgement that implies wanting, however, is an unconditional judgement. Davidson argues that the incontinent actor can judge unconditionally that y is better than x, hence want y more thanx (by P2), hence do y if he does eitherx ory intentionally (by P1), while at the same time judging conditionally that x is better than y (as required by P3). Distinguishing between the two sorts of judgement renders P1-P3 consistent, thereby removing at least this source of logical difficulty. It has been widely argued that this solution is inadequate, even on Davidson's own terms.3 Also, there is a serious inconsistency between Davidson's solution and other asDects of his practical philosophv. Davidson is fundamentally commit-
Psychological characteristics of candidates for liver transplantation: Differences according to history of substance abuse and UNOS listing

Liver transplantation for patients with a history of substance abuse remains controversial. Resumption of heavy alcohol use postoperatively is a threat to long-term survival, but recidivism among transplanted alcoholics is reportedly low. An argument against psychological evaluation prior to transplantation revolves around the speculation that candidates will attempt to portray themselves as more desirable prior to listing with UNOS (United Network for Organ Sharing). This study measured psychological distress, coping styles, optimism, selected personality features, and perception of family environment among 73 U.S. military veterans who were candidates for liver transplantation. Candidates with positive histories of substance abuse revealed significantly more distress, less adaptive coping styles, and more character pathology than their counterparts. The only significant difference according to UNOS listing was on one measure of family environment. Results support preoperative psychological assessment and intervention on a more extensive level for substance abusers and raise questions for future research.
Improved technique for the preparation of thin deuterated-polyethylene targets

Abstract Self-supporting uniform deuterated-polyethylene foils with thickness between 10 μg/cm2 and 2.5 mg/cm2 and with an area of about 5 cm2 have been prepared. Control of the temperature conditions, substrate and the solvent-evaporation rate determine the quality of the foils.
Synthetic routes to l-carnitine and l-gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid from (S)-3-hydroxybutyrolactone by functional group priority switching

Abstract (R)-3-Hydroxy-4-trimethylaminobutyric acid ( l -carnitine) and (R)-4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid (GABOB) are two compounds with a very high level of medical significance. They can be prepared from (R)-3-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone which is not readily available in significant quantities. The corresponding (S)-lactone is available in large quantities but attempts at inverting the stereochemistry of the hydroxyl group lead to elimination to give the furanone. Here we describe a straightforward route to these two compounds, starting from (S)-3-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone by adding a highly oxidized carbon at one end whilst removing one carbon from the other, thus switching the functional group priorities. In this method, the lactone is transformed to an (R)-4-cyano-3-hydroxybutyric acid ester which is then converted to an acyl hydrazide by treatment with hydrazine. This stable, crystalline hydrazide has not been described before. It is readily converted to (R)-4-amino-3-hydroxybutyronitrile, a precursor of l -carnitine and GABOB, by Curtius rearrangement under conditions that do not result in deamination.
Physical Testing of Synthetic-Rubber Products

Abstract Evaluation that will predict with a high degree of accuracy the suitability for service of any product is the object of all physical testing. Over a comparatively short period of about twenty-five years, rubber technologists have evolved a series of tests which have evaluated natural rubber compounds reasonably well. When it became necessary to evaluate rubber substitutes, it was only natural that the same tests would be applied. The results obtained convinced everyone that these materials were definitely not equivalent substitutes, and to use them involved more than just replacement. Although the background is not so extensive as might be desired, the A.S.T.M. Committee D-11 on Rubber Products has learned enough about these materials to be able to present certain facts and recommendations to industry in general with regard to specifications covering synthetic rubbers and products made from them. The entire field of physical testing is quite extensive, as it covers not only finished products but ...
The prevalence of urinary incontinence among community dwelling adult women: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Purpose: Population based studies estimate that a large proportion of adult women report urinary incontinence. However, there is a wide range of estimates of the burden posed by UI. To measure the prevalence of incontinence in women in the community we analyzed data from women responding to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Materials and Methods: NHANES is a series of health and nutrition surveys performed by the National Center for Health Statistics. From 1999 to 2000 NHANES asked a national sample of community dwelling women, “In the past 12 months, have you had difficulty controlling your bladder, including leaking small amounts of urine when you cough or sneeze (exclusive of pregnancy or recovery from childbirth)?” Questionnaire results were recorded and analyzed with respect to demographic data including age, race and level of education.Results: The overall prevalence of urinary incontinence in women was 38%. The prevalence of daily incontinence increased with age, ranging from 12....
Endurance testing of a 30-cm Kaufman thruster

Results of a program to demonstrate lifetime capability of a 30-cm Kaufman ion thruster with a 6000 hour endurance test are described. Included in the program are (1) thruster fabrication, (2) design and construction of a test console containing a transistorized high frequency power processor, and control circuits which provide unattended automatic operation of the thruster, and (3) modification of a vacuum facility to incorporate a frozen mercury collector and permit unattended operation. Four tests ranging in duration from 100 to 1100 hours have been completed. These tests and the resulting thruster modifications are described. The status of the endurance test is also presented.
Working at the End of Life: Providing Clinically Based Psychosocial Care

Social workers who provide end-of-life care do not always see themselves as clinicians. This paper identifies what is clinical in work with the dying. Social workers routinely elicit sources of cultural and psychological ways of coping, tolerate difficult and painful affects, and balance hope with compassion. They work in multidisciplinary teams and on every level (individual, family, and systemically) to avoid splitting or blame. Further, dying is a relational event. Social workers who work with the dying often stand in the most intimate spaces and therefore use themselves intersubjectively. This work requires considerable courage and self-care.
Stimulation of cyclic AMP and lipolysis in adipose tissue of normal and obese Avy/a mice by LY79771, a phenethanolamine, and stereoisomers

Abstract The stimulation of cyclic AMP and lipolysis by LY79771, a phenethanolamine antiobesity compound, and its 3 stereoisomers in adipose tissue of obese viable yellow mice and normal mice were studied. Both activities were stereo-specific with LY79771, the R,S isomer, and LY79730, the R,R isomer, being more potent than LY103085, the S,S isomer, and LY103672, the S,R isomer. Propranolol, a nonspecific β-antagonist, completely inhibited the elevation of cyclic AMP and lipolysis whereas atenolol, a specific β 1 antagonist, inhibited the elevation of cyclic AMP but did not completely inhibit lipolysis. These findings indicate that the elevation of cyclic AMP was mediated by the β 1 - receptor whereas the stimulation of lipolysis was mediated by both the β 1 and β 2 receptors. The adipose tissue of the obese viable yellow mice responded to these compounds less than that of the normal mice.
Can salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) be identified to species using vertebral morphometrics? A test using ancient DNA from Coffman Cove, Alaska

Salmonid bones are common in North Pacific archaeological sites, but the inability to identify salmon vertebrae to the species level has limited the range of anthropological questions that can be addressed through their study. Although DNA recovered from ancient salmonid remains can be analyzed to identify species, relatively few investigators have used this technique, probably because of its associated cost. The Huber et al. (2011) morphometric method uses vertebral length, height, and the ratio of length to height to provide a relatively simple, rapid, and non-destructive way to identify the species of salmon and trout vertebrae. From the Coffman Cove site in Alaska (49-PET-067), 731 vertebrae were measured and classified using the Huber et al. (2011) morphometric method. The Type II vertebrae (n = 312) were classified as 47% pink salmon, 39% sockeye, 8% steelhead, with lower percentages of chum, coho, and Chinook salmon. Type III vertebrae (n = 419) were classified as 62% pink salmon, 28% sockeye, 3% coho, 3% steelhead, and 3% cutthroat, with minor quantities of chum and Chinook salmon. Because the results from classifying Type II vertebrae were significantly different than from classifying Type III vertebrae, we questioned the reliability of the method. In a blind test of 56 of these samples, molecular species identification was possible for 37 of them, indicating fair preservation of ancient DNA (aDNA) in Coffman Cove salmonid bones. Genetic identifications agree with species classifications using the Huber et al. method about 57% of the time; a goodness of fit test shows the success of the method is significantly different from random for pink salmon but for coho, chum, and sockeye salmon, the results were the same as if species had been assigned randomly. Although the sample of bones analyzed using aDNA is smaller than that analyzed using the morphometric method, it is large enough to estimate that pink salmon made up 70% of the assemblage at Coffman Cove, followed by coho (16%), chum (11%), and sockeye (3%). The morphometric method seems to mis-classify pink salmon from Coffman Cove as sockeye. Chinook salmon, steelhead, and cutthroat salmon were not identified using aDNA, although they might be identified in a larger sample. Molecular species identification via aDNA analysis remains the most accurate method of identifying salmon vertebrae to species, at least until the morphometric method is refined.
Concurrent navigation and sea-bottom targets detection using acoustic sensors on AUV

The detection of sea-bottom targets has encountered the problems using acoustic arrays with lower resolution on board. Moreover, the uncertainty of moving receivers and sources, the extremely low signal-to-noise ratio due to weak signals from the buried targets, and the computational efficiency requirement of real-time processing present challenges to detection of the targets. For low signal-to-noise ratio, the traditional scenario, detection then tracking is not suitable for this kind of problem. The detection can't be declared unless the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than a reasonable threshold while more information is gathered. Enormous array signal processing methods could enhance the signal-to-noise ratio while the information is gathered spatially. However, the positions of the sensors are not known precisely due to the limitation of underwater navigation technique. Without knowing the spatial distribution of receivers, the results of detection by means of array signal processing cannot be accurate. In contrast, the solution to this problem becomes reversed to traditional detection procedure. A Track-Before-Detection (TBD) algorithm is introduced. Unlike the traditional approaches, the TBD detections are not declared at each ping. Instead, a number of pings of data are processed. This technique integrates the measurements along the possible AUV trajectories. Using the slowly changing environment information or the fixed but unknown target fields, the states of AUV are tracked first. Then, the weak signal detection is declared after confidence of the trajectories estimation is established. However, enormous possible trajectories of AUV needed to be searched while the TBD algorithm is applied, which makes direct online implementation of this technique impossible. A dynamic programming (DP) algorithm is introduced to solve the highly interconnected stochastic network which TBD creates in a much more efficient way. Therefore, together with the DP algorithm, the TBD algorithm is feasible to implement online. This algorithm has been applied in GOATS (Generic Oceanographic Array Technology Sonar) project. Both monostatic and bistatic detection results are demonstrated.
Al-Anon Family Groups: Origins, Conceptual Basis, Outcomes, and Research Opportunities

Al-Anon Family Groups, commonly known as Al-Anon, is a mutual-help organization for relatives and friends of people misusing alcohol and other substances. We first summarize Al-Anon's history and current membership and then describe its theoretical basis and helping approach. We review evidence for Al-Anon's active ingredients and outcomes and present a conceptual model to guide future research. Research opportunities include understanding Al-Anon newcomers, specifying Al-Anon's active ingredients, and examining potential synergistic influences between Al-Anon participation and identified substance misusers’ participation in mutual-help groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous. We suggest that mutual-help and professional communities work together to facilitate early participation in Al-Anon by shortening the time between problem recognition and seeking help from the fellowship.
Structure/Function Analysis of Human Cystatin SN and Comparison of the Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitory Profiles of Human Cystatins C and SN

Cystatins are reversible, competitive inhibitors of cysteine proteinases. Their inhibitory profiles, as well as their affinities for target enzymes, vary with different cysteine proteinases. Human cystatin C and salivary cystatin SN are 120- and 121-amino-acid (a.a.) proteins, respectively, and both contain 2 disulfide bonds. In this study, we examined the structure/function relationship of cystatin SN with respect to the inhibition of papain, with particular emphasis on the role of cystatin SN's cysteine residues, and addressed the inhibitory profiles of these two human cystatins on several cysteine proteinases (papain, clostripain, and calpain II). The full-length recombinant cystatin C and cystatin SN, and cystatin SN variants (C-truncated [C-tr; a.a. 1-102], delta 56-60 deletion, cysteine 74-->serine [C74S], cys 84-->serine [C84S], cysteine 98-->serine [C98S], and cysteine 118-->serine [C118S]) were cloned, expressed, and produced in the pET30(b) and pGEX2T Escherichia coli expression systems. All recombinant proteins were tested for the inhibition of papain, and the full-length proteins were also tested for the inhibition of clostripain and calpain II. The secondary structures of the cystatins were also determined and compared. The results showed that the full-length cystatin C and cystatin SN, and the cystatin SN variants C98S and C118S inhibited the activity of papain. However, cystatin SN C-tr and delta 56-60 variants exhibited no inhibitory activity toward papain, while the cystatin SN variants C74S and C84S exhibited slight inhibition at higher concentrations. These results suggested that in the inhibition of papain by cystatin SN, the first disulfide loop is more important than the second. In addition, cystatin C, but not cystatin SN, inhibited calpain II, while neither cystatin inhibited clostripain, and these results, in conjunction with those from other studies, indicated that cystatin C is a broader-spectrum inhibitor of cysteine proteinases than cystatin SN.
Detecting pits in tart cherries by hyperspectral transmission imaging

The presence of pits in processed cherry products causes safety concerns for consumers and imposes potential liability for the food industry. The objective of this research was to investigate a hyperspectral transmission imaging technique for detecting the pit in tart cherries. A hyperspectral imaging system was used to acquire transmission images from individual cherry fruit for four orientations before and after pits were removed over the spectral region between 450 nm and 1,000 nm. Cherries of three size groups (small, intermediate, and large), each with two color classes (light red and dark red) were used for determining the effect of fruit orientation, size, and color on the pit detection accuracy. Additional cherries were studied for the effect of defect (i.e., bruises) on the pit detection. Computer algorithms were developed using the neural network (NN) method to classify the cherries with and without the pit. Two types of data inputs, i.e., single spectra and selected regions of interest (ROIs), were compared. The spectral region between 690 nm and 850 nm was most appropriate for cherry pit detection. The NN with inputs of ROIs achieved higher pit detection rates ranging from 90.6% to 100%, with the average correct rate of 98.4%. Fruit orientation and color had a small effect (less than 1%) on pit detection. Fruit size and defect affected pit detection and their effect could be minimized by training the NN with properly selected cherry samples.
Transonic time responses of the MBB A-3 supercritical airfoil including active controls

Aeroelastic time-response analyses are performed for the MBB A-3 supercritical airfoil in small-disturbance transonic flow based on the use of transonic code LTRAN2-NLR. Three degrees of freedom are considered: plunge, pitch, and aileron pitch. The main objective was to investigate the applicability and accuracy of statespace aeroelastic modeling for two-dimensional airfoils with active controls in transonic flow. A state-space aeroelastic model was formulated using a Fade aerodynamic approximation. The resulting equations are explicitly solved in the time domain yielding the aeroelastic displacement responses. Parallel time-marching response histories were determined numerically through a coupled integration of the structural equations of motion with the unsteady aerodynamic forces of LTRAN2-NLR. The Fade and time-integration responses are in good agreement. The Fade eigenvalues compare well with the time-marching damping and frequency estimates. A simple feedback control loop was included in the aeroelastic system to study the effects of active control on the aeroelastic response. A variety of control laws utilizing displacement, velocity, and acceleration sensing were considered. Transonic time-response behavior of the MBB A-3 airfoil is discussed and comparisons are made. b,c ce CQ ^ Cp,C*p [C] { G } h KA,KD,KV [K] m M [M] p {p }
Reconsidering the use of high-strength reinforcement in concrete columns

Abstract Current US building codes impose restrictions on the yield stress of steel bars used as longitudinal reinforcement in concrete columns. This paper revisits the origins of these restrictions and investigates the feasibility of using yield stress in excess of 80 ksi (550 MPa) to reduce the amounts of reinforcement required in structures to resist seismic loads. Analytical data from hypothetical cross sections and experimental data from tests are used to demonstrate that for columns with axial loads below the balanced point, the reduction in longitudinal reinforcement is not associated with reductions in strength and limiting curvature. The analytical and experimental results indicate that the reinforcement in a column can be decreased in direct proportion to an increase in yield stress. The evidence presented supports the hypothesis that for columns with low axial load, the use of high-strength bars can lead to reductions in congestion without critical consequences in performance.
Advanced pediatric mastoiditis with and without intracranial complications.

Objectives/Hypothesis: Recently, several groups have noticed an increase in cases of advanced pediatric mastoiditis and intracranial complications. The objective of this study was to review the bacteriology of advanced mastoiditis in pediatric patients, with the hypothesis that a difference in bacteriology might explain the development of an intracranial complication. Study Design: Retrospective chart review. Methods: All pediatric patients with coalescent mastoiditis requiring surgery treated at a tertiary care children's hospital between 2002 and 2007 were reviewed. Every patient included was treated either with mastoidectomy alone (for coalescent mastoiditis without an intracranial complication) or with transtemporal craniotomy (for coalescent mastoiditis with an intracranial complication). All patients had surgical specimens sent for pathology, Gram stain, and aerobic and anaerobic cultures. Results: One hundred eight pediatric patients with coalescent mastoiditis were identified: 58 (53%) presented with coalescent mastoiditis alone, 17 (16%) presented with coalescent mastoiditis and an intracranial complication, and 33 (31%) were excluded because they were treated with myringotomy and tubes alone, had incomplete data, or had an unclear diagnosis. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most commonly cultured organism in patients with and without intracranial complications. Anaerobic isolates were present in 29.4% of patients with intracranial complications and 5.7% of patients without intracranial complications (P = .015). Conclusions: Nearly a quarter of pediatric patients with coalescent mastoiditis presented with a simultaneous intracranial complication. There was an increased incidence of anaerobic organisms in patients with intracranial complications compared to those without, indicating the importance of culture and antibiotic coverage appropriate for anaerobes. This series demonstrates the role of aggressive surgical management and close collaboration with the infectious disease service for long-term intravenous antibiotic therapy in treating pediatric patients with advanced mastoiditis. Laryngoscope, 2009
Numerical modeling and experimental measurements of a high speed solid-cone water spray for use in fire suppression applications

Abstract Experimental measurements and numerical simulations of a high-speed water spray are presented. The numerical model is based on a stochastic separated flow technique that includes submodels for droplet dynamics, heat and mass transfer, and droplet–droplet collisions. Because the spray characteristics near the nozzle are difficult to ascertain, a new method for initialization of particle diameter size is developed that assumes a Rosin–Rammler distribution for droplet size, which correctly reproduces experimentally measured Sauter and arithmetic mean diameters. By relating the particle initialization to lower moments of the droplet statistics, it is possible to take advantage of measurements without substantial penalties associated with the greater experimental uncertainty of individual droplet measurements. Overall, very good agreement is observed in the comparisons of experimental measurements to computational predictions for the streamwise development of mean drop size and velocity. In addition, the importance of modeling droplet–droplet collisions is highlighted with comparison of selected droplet–droplet collision models.
Alterations in glucose turnover following single intravenous injections of epinephrine and glucagon in dogs.

The technique of priming injection-continuous infusion of tracer glucose-U-C14 was employed in 7 anesthetized dogs, each serving as its own control, to determine the immediate changes in rates of appearance (Ra) and disappearance (Rd) of plasma glucose following single intravenous injections of epinephrine (10 μg. per Kg.) and glucagon (1 μg. per Kg.). Mean maximal hyperglycemia induced by the hormones was comparable in magnitude, but it was achieved in 4 minutes after epinephrine injection compared with 8 to 10 minutes after glucagon. Furthermore, Ra was increased 5- to 7-fold during the first 4 minutes following epinephrine injection and subsequently fell to below control levels for about 30 minutes. In contrast, following glucagon, Ra was increased 3- to 4-fold during the first 8 minutes after injection with subsequent return to control levels. After both epinephrine and glucagon, Rd increased 1.5- to 2-fold during the first 10 minutes; it returned to control levels 10 minutes after epinephrine and 30 minutes after glucagon. These data indicate that the increment in plasma glucose results from enhanced hepatic glycogenolysis. However, contrary to the suggestion of others, the effect of epinephrine on the liver does not appear to be mediated via glucagon release.
Application of the intramolecular azomethine imine cycloaddition to the construction of a novel, orthogonally protected spirodiamino acid scaffold

Abstract Hydrazone 4 undergoes tandem intramolecular Michael addition — intramolecular azomethine imine cycloaddition in ethanol at reflux to furnish the tricyclic pyrazoline methyl ester 3 in 75% yield. A five-step conversion of 3 to N 1 -Alloc-6-(N-Boc-aminomethyl)-1-azaspiro[4.4]nonane-2-acetic acid 1 provides access to a unique tri-functionalized scaffold for combinatorial chemistry.
Determination of loading parameters in the canine hip in vivo

The loading parameters in the canine hip were determined from multiple studies, involving the collection of kinematic and force plate data in vivo joint reaction force from an instrumented hip replacement prosthesis, and in vivo femoral cortical bone strain gauge data in different dogs. In the middle of the stance phase of gait the canine femur was flexed 110 degrees with respect to the pelvis and formed a 20 degree angle relative to the floor. At this point in the gait cycle, a line passing from the superior to the inferior aspect of the pubic symphysis was parallel to the floor. The joint reaction force measurements showed that the net force vector during midstance was directed inferiorly, posteriorly, and laterally, with a peak magnitude of up to 1.65 times the body weight. A torsional moment of 1.6 N m is exerted about the femoral shaft. In vivo strain data showed that during gait peak compressive strains of -300 to -502 microstrain were produced on the medial aspect of the femoral cortex and peak tensile strains of +250 to +458 midstrain were produced on the femoral cortex. At the midstance phase of gait, principal cortical bone strains were rotated up to 29 degrees relative to the long axis of the femur, suggesting torsional loads on the femur. These data in combination provide valuable insights on the loading parameters of the canine hip which can be used in future applications of the canine as a model for evaluating mechanically based phenomena such as bone ingrowth and remodeling or hip prostheses.
Analytical expression for the RKKY interaction in doped graphene

We obtain an analytical expression for the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction $J$ in elctron- or hole-doped graphene for linear Dirac bands. The results agree very well with the numerical calculations for the full tight-binding band structure in the regime where the linear band structure is valid. The analytical result, expressed in terms of the Meijer G-function, consists of the product of two oscillatory terms, one coming from the interference between the two Dirac cones and the second coming from the finite size of the Fermi surface. For large distances, the Meijer G-function behaves as a sinusoidal term, leading to the result $J\ensuremath{\sim}{R}^{\ensuremath{-}2}{k}_{F}\mathrm{sin}(2{k}_{F}R){1+\mathrm{cos}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}[(\stackrel{P\vec}{K}\ensuremath{-}\stackrel{P\vec}{{K}^{\ensuremath{'}}}).\stackrel{P\vec}{R}]}$ for moments located on the same sublattice. The ${R}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ dependence, which is the same for the standard two-dimensional electron gas, is universal irrespective of the sublattice location and the distance direction of the two moments except when ${k}_{F}=0$ (undoped case), where it reverts to the ${R}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ dependence. These results correct several inconsistencies found in the literature.
The manufacture of continuous polymeric filaments by the melt‐blowing process

This paper presents an experimentally-based analysis of the continuous filament regime of the melt-blowing process. The experiments were performed with a versatile air-polymer die, several die operating temperatures, and three different polymer feed resins. The measurements discern the effects upon the final fiber diameter of the following input parameters: die dimensions, die temperature, polymer feed resin, and both the air and polymer mass flow rates. An empirical model equation is developed which relates these input parameters to the final fiber diameter. In addition, the conditions which result in a transition of the filament from continuous (or stable) to discontinuous (or unstable) are quantified. The model equation and the transition or stability information are then used to predict the behavior of the melt-blowing process for a wide range of case studies involving the input parameters noted above. The data and empirical model are of considerable utility for developing new die designs, for comparison with theoretical models, for predicting fiber stability, and for explaining the behavior of current industrial melt-blowing processes.
Changing Mortality and Morbidity Rates and the Health Status and Life Expectancy of the Older Population

This paper demonstrates the consequences of changes in mortality and health transition rates for changes in both health status life expectancy and the prevalence of health problems in the older population. A five-state multistate life table for the mid-1980s provides the baseline for estimating the effect of differing mortality and morbidity schedules. Results show that improving mortality alone implies increases in both the years and the proportion of dependent life; improving morbidity alone reduces both the years and the proportion of dependent life. Improving mortality alone leads to a higher prevalence of dependent individuals in the life table population; improving morbidity alone leads to a lower percentage of individuals with problems in functioning.
Models and Simulation of Liquid-Phase Membrane Reactors

A model of a liquid-phase membrane reactor is presented here. The model utilizes a reaction scheme and rate data applicable to the hydrocracking of California Hondo crude derived asphaltenes. Two reactor configurations have been investigated. In the first reactor configuration (configuration A) the shell-side reactor volume is kept constant by continuously pumping into the reactor pure solvent. In the second reactor configuration (configuration B) no additional solvent is added to the reactor shell side, whose volume, as a result, decreases as the solvent and solutes diffuse across the membrane from the shell side to the tube side. The model has been utilized to identify optimal reactor and process conditions and membrane characteristics, which maximize conversion and product yields.
Clinical Spectrum of Herpes Zoster in Adults Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

To determine the incidence and clinical manifestations of herpes zoster in a hospital-based clinic for adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we reviewed the records of all patients for whom zoster was diagnosed at or after their first clinic visit. Fifty-two episodes of zoster occurred in 45 patients during 1,614 person-years of follow-up (incidence, 3.2 episodes per 100 person-years). The following major complications of zoster occurred in 12 patients (27%): ocular complications (5), neurological complications (4), and chronic atypical skin lesions (5). Six patients each had postherpetic neuralgia and bacterial superinfection, which were the common minor complications of zoster. Multivariate analysis revealed that only a low CD4 cell count (< or = 200/mm3) was predictive of a major complication of zoster (OR, 13.2; 95% CI, 1.52-114; P = .019). Thus, complications of herpes zoster are common in patients with HIV infection, especially those with advanced immunosuppression.
COMPARISON BETWEEN DISTRIBUTED AND CENTRALIZED DEMAND ASSIGNMENT TDMA SATELLITE ACCESS SCHEMES

This paper presents the performance measurements from a comparison between FODA/IBEA and two other satellite access schemes, FEEDERS and DRIFS. The three schemes differ in terms of the scheduling of the channel capacity: i.e. centralized control in FODA/IBEA and distributed in the other two. All these access schemes were designed at CNUCE, where the simulation tool used for the comparison was also developed. FODA/IBEA was developed and tested on several satellites (Olympus, Eutelsat and Italsat), and used in a project of LAN interconnection.* The two distributed control access schemes have been studied and simulated to analyse the behaviour of the capacity assignment algorithm, while the recovery procedures needed for the network stability will be presented in later papers. All the access schemes support an aggregated traffic, and the quality of the data transmission in guaranteed even when the transmitting signal experiences a severe attenuation due to bad atmospheric conditions.
The perception of children's computer-imaged facial profiles by patients, mothers and clinicians.

Abstract Objective: To demonstrate the usefulness of a new imaging system for comparing the morphometric bases of children's self-perception of their facial profile with the perceptions of their mothers and treating clinicians. Materials and Methods: Rather than choosing among a series of static images, a computer imaging program was developed to elicit a range of acceptable responses or tolerance for change from which a midpoint of acceptability was derived. Using the method of Giddon et al, three profile features (upper and lower lips and mandible) from standardized images of 24 patients aged 8– 15 years were distorted and presented to patients, parents, and clinicians in random order as slowly moving images (four frames per second) from retrusive and protrusive extremes. Subjects clicked the mouse when the image became acceptable and released it when it was no longer acceptable. Subjects responded similarly to a neutral facial profile. Results: Patients and their mothers overestimated the protrusivenes...
P-194L: Late-News Poster: Simple Structure Laser-Addressing e-Papers

For low cost and high performance cholesteric liquid crystal panel, this paper proposes a simple structure laser-addressable e-paper. It makes the dark layer unnecessary and the electrodes can be optional, transparent, and un-patterned. It responds to a laser source without electrical field and can be stacked to achieve color laser-addressing.
Impact of herbivory on mile-a-minute weed (Persicaria perfoliata) seed production and viability

The monophagous weevil Rhinoncomimus latipes Korotyaev (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) has been introduced into North America as a biological control agent for the invasive vine mile-a-minute weed, Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross. This weevil has been shown to reduce the percent cover of mile-a-minute and the number of seed clusters produced, as well as altering the phenology of seed production. However, prior work has not examined the potential impact of the weevil on seed viability and numbers of seeds per cluster. When both adult and larval weevils fed on whole plants in the greenhouse, seed production and fruit maturation were delayed and both the total number of seeds and number of seeds per cluster were reduced. Overall, weevils in greenhouse cages reduced the reproductive potential of P. perfoliata by 35%. When adult weevils were confined on developing seed clusters in the field, the number of seeds produced per cluster, the weight of seeds produced, and seed viability all decreased. Overall, the number of viable seeds per cluster was reduced by 37% in the presence of adult weevils. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that this biological control agent can have important impacts on the reproductive potential of its target weed through mechanisms that have not previously been shown.
Theoretical study of the possible isomers and high-energy intermediates of HCNH2O complexes

Abstract All chemically significant structures and some possible intermediates involving unimolecular and bimolecular complexes of CH 3 NO were studied by using the 6–311G ∗∗ basis set at the Hartree-Fock, MP2 and density functional levels employing the three-parameter Becke functional (B3-LYP). Calculated structures and thermodynamic properties are presented. Formamide was found to be the most stable structure in all methods. Minor structural and energetic differences among the methods are discussed. Density functional computations were carried out on selected structures incorporating diffuse functions into the basis set (6–311++G ∗∗ ), and the results are compared with experimental values where available.
Modulation Of Calcium Currents By Acidic Domains Of Calcium Channel Subunits: A Novel Feedback Mechanism?

Voltage-gated calcium (Cav) channels are essential to the function of excitable cells. Cav channels are multimeric proteins that consist of a pore forming subunit (alpha1) and several accessory subunits. We are characterizing an accessory beta subunit from the human pathogen Schistosoma mansoni (SmCavbeta), using a human alpha1E channel (Cav2.3) as the modulatory substrate and the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. SmCavbeta modulates Cav2.3 currents in a conventional manner, but it induces them to run-down to ∼75% of their initial amplitudes within two minutes of establishing the whole-cell configuration. SmCavbeta has a unique poly-acidic motif of 15 aspartate and glutamate residues in its N-terminus. A mutant version of SmCavbeta lacking the first forty-six amino acids, which comprise the entire poly-acidic motif, did not induce run-down of the calcium current. Smaller deletions of this region provide a higher-resolution profile of the structures required for run-down. A deletion of the N-terminus that eliminates the amino acids preceding the acidic motif reduces the Ca2+ current to the same extent as the wild type subunit, by ∼29% within 4 minutes of patch disruption. A deletion that eliminates the first six residues of the poly-acidic motif also reduces the calcium current significantly, but to a lesser extent than the wild-type subunit (by ∼17% within the same time-frame). A deletion mutant subunit without the first nine acidic residues of the poly-acidic motif did not induce run-down. Based on the structural homology between the poly-acidic motif of SmCavbeta and that of calcium binding phosphoproteins, we speculate that SmCavbeta binds Ca2+. Since similar N-terminal poly-acidic motifs are found in all platyhelminths examined, it is tempting to hypothesize that these structures represent a feedback mechanism that modulates influx of extracellular Ca2+ into the excitable cells of platyhelminths.