cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How Competitive is the US Manufacturing Sector

This paper assesses the market structure of the US manufacturing sector using a corrected four-firm concentration ratio. The correction is done to the published 1997 CR, using the North American Industry Classification System, and addresses four areas: overaggregation, underaggregation, market locality, and international trade. The paper finds the US manufacturing sector to be fairly competitive with 58.0 percent of its industries operate in competitive markets, 17.5 percent operate in loose oligopoly, 24.5 percent operate in tight oligopoly, and none operates in monopoly markets. Equally important, this research finds international trade to have an important impact on the level of competition in the manufacturing sector.
The exponential increase in mortality rate with age attributed to wearing-out of biological components.

Abstract A mortality rate which increases exponentially with advancing age is a curious phenomenon seen in several higher organisms including man. It is explained here through an analogy between death of the organism and failure of a complex physical system consisting of many components. According to reliability theory the risk of failure in such a system increases exponentially whenever the components are connected in series and are all subject to failure behavior of a certain general type. Existing theory is however restricted to systems of identical components and in order to enhance the model's biological relevance the theory is extended to include non-identical components. It is shown that the components are all required to undergo a “wearing-out” process in which the risk of failure increases progressively. Conceptually, biological “components” may be identified by subdividing the organism into minimal subsets of cells such that each subset is vital for survival, e.g. a critical mass of heart muscle, or a critical branch of the arterial tree. According to this schema the wearing-out of each component would stem from the wearing-out of its constituent cells. Another implication of the theory is that the lifespan of subjects who have managed to reach age 30 is distributed according to an extreme value distribution. The theory could be useful in the analysis of the mortality patterns in long-term clinical trials to detect the costs and benefits of therapeutic intervention.
Interactive effects of parents’ trait verbal aggressiveness and situational frustration on parents’ self‐reported anger

In recent years, communication scholars have begun to examine the role of trait verbal aggressiveness in shaping relationships between parents and children. The present study examined the interactive effects of parents’ trait verbal aggressiveness and frustration induced by interaction with children on parents’ subjective experience of anger. Specifically, we hypothesized that parent anger in response to children's noncompliance is a function of an ordinal interaction between parents’ trait verbal aggressiveness and situational frustration. A multiple regression equation employing (1) parents’ trait verbal aggressiveness scores, situational frustration scores, and a multiplicative function as predictor variables, and (2) parent anger scores as the dependant variable, accounted for 33.93 percent of the variance in anger scores with only the trait verbal aggressiveness X frustration interaction contributing significantly to the equation. These results confirm the interactionist perspective upon which the hy...
Community pharmacists' work activities in the United States during 2000

Objectives To describe community pharmacists' work activities in the United States during 2000 and to investigate the effects of position, pharmacy type, and prescription volume on work activities. Design Cross-sectional descriptive survey of a systematic sample of 4,895 U.S. pharmacists, of which 2,250 responded. Setting United States. Participants A sample of 832 community pharmacists working full-time (at least 30 hours per week) out of the total of 2,250 who responded to the survey. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Workload (hours worked and proportion of prescriptions dispensed at the site with which the pharmacist was personally involved) and professional responsibilities (proportion of time spent in medication dispensing, consultation, business management, and drug use management). Results As of 2000, the typical community pharmacist in the United States devoted 56% of his or her time to medication dispensing responsibilities, 19% to consultation responsibilities, 16% to business management responsibilities, and 9% to drug use management responsibilities. These results were consistent for pharmacists regardless of pharmacy type or prescription volume; however, position did significantly affect the proportion of time spent in the various activities. Conclusion Pharmacists are still devoting the majority of their time to medication dispensing responsibilities. However, our findings also show that pharmacists would prefer to devote more of their time to professional responsibilities, such as consultation and drug use management, and less time to medication dispensing and business management.
Abnormal synaptic plasticity in the Ts1Cje segmental trisomy 16 mouse model of Down syndrome.

Abstract Due to the homology between human chromosome 21 and mouse chromosome 16, trisomy 16 mice are considered animal models of Down syndrome (DS). Abnormal hippocampal synaptic plasticity and behavior have been reported in the segmental trisomy 16 Ts65Dn mouse. In the Ts1Cje DS mouse model, which has a shorter triplicated chromosomal segment than Ts65Dn, more subtle hippocampal behavioral deficits have been reported. In this study, we investigated CA1 hippocampal synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) in the Ts1Cje mouse. Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded from the CA1 area of in vitro hippocampal slices from the Ts1Cje mouse and diploid controls, LTP was induced by a single tetanizing train pulse (1 s) at 100 Hz and LTD by a 900-pulse train at 1 Hz. We report for the first time that compared to diploid controls, the hippocampus from the Ts1Cje mouse had a smaller LTP and an increased LTD. The changes are less dramatic than had been reported previously for the Ts65Dn mouse. Furthermore, in the Ts1Cje mouse trains of pulses at both 20 Hz and 100 Hz produced a decrease in the evoked fEPSPs over the length of the train in comparison to diploid fEPSPs. These findings suggest that genes from Ts1Cje chromosome, including GIRK2 potassium channel, contribute to abnormal short- and long-term plasticity.
Acquiring word meanings via linguistic contrast

Words are generally related in meaning and can often be organized into semantic domains. One way children may learn that two words belong to the same semantic domain is to hear the words used contrastively. This work examines the circumstances in which hearing a new word contrasted with familiar words from the same semantic domain may help young children induce the new word meaning. Some 3- and 4-year-olds were introduced to a novel color name or material name and heard it contrasted with familiar words; some heard the novel word used for referring to an object but received no explicit contrastive information; and some did not hear the novel word used at all prior to testing. All children were then given a variety of tests to determine what they had learned about the novel word. The results were that explicit linguistic contrast helped only in some situations. Children seemed to prefer material to color in hypothesizing about a new word meaning. Linguistic contrast helped children when it was consistent with this preference, but not when it was inconsistent. Thus, it helped children map a material name, but not a color name, onto the appropriate semantic domain.
A simple elastic cell model of cleavage fracture in the presence of dislocation plasticity

Abstract The current analysis is prompted by the recent recognition that an elastic core embedded about the crack tip in a plastic medium affords a mechanism for cleavage-type crack growth with significant plastic dissipation [Beltz et al., Acta metall. mater. , submitted (1995)]. We build upon recent notions that recognize the large disparity between relevant length scales involved in plastic flow processes around cracks in metals and on metal-ceramic interfaces. A simple, continuum-based model that assumes the presence of a dislocation-free core of dimension R c is used. The crack tip is assumed not to emit dislocations. The core size is chosen in a self-consistent manner by identifying a maximum equivalent stress in the plastic zone with that predicted by the phenomenological hardening law having the form σ flow = αEb R c . When the inner elastic stress field is matched with the approximate stress field within the plastic zone, it is found that the applied energy release rate needed to initiate crack extension is several orders of magnitude greater than the ideal work of fracture. This apparent shielding of the crack tip is found to strongly depend on the ideal work of fracture, indicating a possible mechanism for segregation-induced interfacial embrittlement.
Distribution and targets of the cartwheel cell axon in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of the guinea pig.

This investigation attempted to determine the mode of distribution and synaptic targets of the cartwheel cell axon in the guinea pig dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCoN). Antiserum against PEP-19, a putative calcium-binding neuropeptide, was employed at the light and electron microscopic levels. We show that in the hindbrain of the guinea pig, cerebellar Purkinje cells and DCoN cartwheel cells are the most densely immunoreactive neurons. The PEP-19 immunoreaction product is localized to all neuronal compartments of these cells. Primary targets of cartwheel cell axons are the DCoN pyramidal cells, the large efferent neurons of layer 2. These neurons receive numerous immunoreactive synaptic boutons on their cell bodies and apical and basal dendritic arbors. A PEP-19-immunoreactive axonal plexus, largely formed by cartwheel cell axons, highlights layer 3, co-extensively with the basal arbors of pyramidal cells. This plexus is oriented predominantly in the transstrial plane of the DCoN, in parallel with the sheetlike basal dendritic arbor of pyramidal neurons and with the isofrequency bands of primary cochlear nerve fibers. PEP-19-positive boutons contain pleomorphic synaptic vesicles and form symmetric synaptic junctions, indicative of inhibitory innervation. In addition, immunoreactive boutons, similar to those synapsing on pyramidal neurons, were observed on the cell bodies and main dendritic trunks of cartwheel neurons, indicating a system of recurrent collaterals. Furthermore, a small number of PEP-19-positive axons of unknown origin reach the caudal rim of the posteroventral cochlear nucleus. Within the territory of distribution of the cartwheel cell axon are the dendrites of at least two other types of DCoN neuron, the vertical cells of Lorente de No and the giant cells. These neurons may represent additional targets of the cartwheel cell axon, but this remains to be ascertained with specific methods. Our data demonstrate that the cartwheel neurons modulate the activity of pyramidal neurons and, therefore, play a key role in shaping the output of the DCoN superficial layers.
The insulin resistant subphenotype of polycystic ovary syndrome: clinical parameters and pathogenesis

Abstract Objective This study was undertaken to compare clinical and biochemical characteristics of the insulin resistant (IR) and non-IR subphenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Study design Infertile PCOS women were classified as IR (n=32) or non-IR (n=46) on the basis of fasting glucose and insulin levels. The incidence of acanthosis nigricans (AN), hirsutism, and ovulation in response to clomiphene citrate (CC) was compared between the 2 groups, along with serum levels of gonadotropins, and sex steroids. Blood samples from 28 PCOS patients and 8 controls were analyzed by enzymatic immunoassay for autophosphorylated insulin receptor (APIR) and total insulin receptor (TIR) content. Results Insulin resistance was associated with obesity (odds ratio [OR]=3.5, P P P P P P P Conclusion Patients with IR are more likely to be obese and have AN, hirsutism, resistance to CC, and lower LH, LH/FSH ratios, and testosterone levels. Furthermore, IR patients appear to have defective autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor, a key element in insulin action, and a possible mechanism for IR in PCOS.
I-123-guided excision of metastatic papillary thyroid cancer.

The use of a gamma probe for intraoperative localization of a cervical lymph node, which contained recurrent metastatic papillary thyroid cancer, facilitated a radio-guided minimally invasive outpatient surgical procedure and resulted in complete excision of clinically occult disease. The technique raises the issue of whether nonpalpable regional node recurrences should be locally excised, removed in a formal modified neck dissection, or treated with therapeutic doses of I-131. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:173–175. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Perampanel inhibition of AMPA receptor currents in cultured hippocampal neurons.

Perampanel is an aryl substituted 2-pyridone AMPA receptor antagonist that was recently approved as a treatment for epilepsy. The drug potently inhibits AMPA receptor responses but the mode of block has not been characterized. Here the action of perampanel on AMPA receptors was investigated by whole-cell voltage-clamp recording in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Perampanel caused a slow (t,1 s at 3 mM), concentration-dependent inhibition of AMPA receptor currents evoked by AMPA and kainate. The rates of block and unblock of AMPA receptor currents were 1.5610 5 M 21 s 21 and 0.58 s 21 , respectively. Perampanel did not affect NMDA receptor currents. The extent of block of non-desensitizing kainate-evoked currents (IC50 ,0 .56mM) was similar at all kainate concentrations (3–100 mM), demonstrating a noncompetitive blocking action. Parampanel did not alter the trajectory of AMPA evoked currents indicating that it does not influence AMPA receptor desensitization. Perampanel is a selective negative allosteric AMPA receptor antagonist of high-affinity and slow blocking kinetics.
Does dementia predict adverse hospitalization outcomes? A prospective study in aged inpatients.

BACKGROUND: Dementia is often considered a predictor of adverse hospitalization outcomes. However, the relative contributions of dementia and other risk factors remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To assess, in a prospective study, the relative value of dementia for predicting hospitalization outcomes, taking into account comorbidity, functional and nutritional status in 435 inpatients (age 85.3 +/- 6.7; 207 cognitively normal, 48 with mild cognitive impairment and 180 demented) from the acute and rehabilitation geriatric hospital of Geneva. Hospitalization outcomes (death in hospital, length of stay, institutionalisation and formal home care needs) were predicted using logistic regression models with sociodemographic characteristics, cognitive status, comorbid Charlson index-CCI, functional and nutritional status as independent variables. RESULTS: Moderate and severe dementia and poor physical function strongly predicted longer hospital stay, institutionalization and greater home care needs in univariate analyses. CCI was the best single predictor, with a four-fold difference in mortality rates between the highest and lowest scores. In multivariate analysis, the best predictor of institutionalisation was dementia, whereas the best predictor of death in hospital or longer hospital stay was higher comorbidity score, regardless of cognitive status. Functional status was the best predictor of greater home care needs. CONCLUSIONS: Dementia in very old medically ill inpatients was predictive only of discharge to a nursing home. Higher levels of comorbidity and poor functional status were more predictive than dementia for the other three hospitalization outcomes. Thus, comorbid medical conditions, functional and nutritional status should be considered, together with cognitive assessment, when predicting hospitalization outcome.
Outcomes of critically ill children requiring continuous renal replacement therapy

Abstract Purpose Acute kidney injury in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is associated with significant morbidity, with continued mortality greater than 50%. Previous studies have described an association between percentage of fluid overload (%FO) less than 20% and improved survival. We reviewed our continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) experience to evaluate for factors associated with mortality as well as secondary outcomes. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective chart review of pediatric CRRT intensive care unit patients from January 2000 to September 2005. Results Seventy-six admissions required CRRT during the study period. Overall survival was 55.3%. Median patient age was 5.8 years (range, 0-18.9). Median %FO at the time of CRRT initiation was 7.3% in survivors vs 22.3% in nonsurvivors ( P = .0001). Presence of sepsis was significantly associated with mortality ( P = .0001). All nonsurvivors had multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS); only 69% of survivors had MODS ( P = .0003). For survivors, there was a significant relationship between %FO and time to renal recovery ( P = .0038). Greater %FO was also associated with significantly prolonged days of mechanical ventilation ( P = .0180), PICU stay ( P = .0425), and duration of hospitalization ( P = .0123). Conclusions For patients with acute kidney injury who require CRRT, the presence of sepsis, MODS, and FO greater than 20% at the time of CRRT initiation are significantly associated with higher mortality. In addition, we report that duration of mechanical ventilation, PICU stay, hospitalization, and time to renal recovery were all significantly prolonged for survivors who had FO greater than 20%.
Standardizing compact models for IC simulation

The idea of standard compact (SPICE-like) model equations has gained support recently throughout the semiconductor industry. In the past, compact models have been developed independently either by a single company or by a university or research group. These models have lacked diverse technology coverage and normally were not fully tested or productized. The concept of standardization is embraced by the semiconductor industry in several other areas, yet simulation has lagged behind due to the difficult notion of standardizing software. In this article, the idea of a standard compact model will be described as well as the industry consortium supporting the standardization effort.
Brugia pahangi: Immunologic evaluation of the differential susceptibility to filarial infection in inbred Lewis rats

Abstract After inoculating inbred Lewis rats with infective larvae of Brugia pahangi , we found consistently that patent infection was established in only about two-thirds of experimental animals. To determine which aspects of the host response were responsible for this differential susceptibility to infection, we evaluated all animals with respect to blood leukocyte levels, antifilarial IgG and IgE antibody production, and specific lymphocyte responses to mitogens and filarial antigens during the first 50 weeks of infection. In the critical “prepatent” period of infection, each of these responses developed in an essentially identical fashion in the infected and resistant groups except for the production of specific IgE antibodies. While those animals destined to resist infection developed specific IgE antibodies between Weeks 5 and 8, none of the animals that became microfilaremic showed a similar IgE response. These findings suggest that the development of specific IgE antibodies played a role in protecting the animals from acquiring filarial infection.
The Silica Budget of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

THERE is disagreement as to whether the Antarctic Circumpolar Current is a major source of dissolved silica arising from the dissolution of glacier flour1–3 or a sink due to sedimentation of diatomaceous opal4,5.
Schwinger model in curved space-time

An exact solution to the Schwinger model in a two-dimensional Schwarzschild space-time is found. The possibility that curvature could cause a confining theory to undergo a phase transition to a nonconfining phase is also discussed.
On the asymptotic stability of solutions of a linear viscoelastic Beam

Abstract We study the vibrations of a beam which satisfies the linear viscoelastic stress-strain law for a Kelvin material. We consider general descriptions of the initial conditions and using an energy technique obtain broad descriptions of the boundary conditions for both elastic and viscoelastic behavior. We then generalize these descriptions by including the effects of all possible kinematical boundary conditions. Our results are presented in the form of uniqueness, boundedness and stability theorems.
A high-current deuterium gas target for neutron nuclear data research

Abstract A gas target system suitable for producing neutrons in the 4–10 MeV neutron energy range by means of the D(n, d) 3 He reaction is described. The principal feature is the large-area window (supported and cooled by a metal grid) which is uniformally illuminated by the deuteron beam. Details of the target design and performance are given.
ONR Honors Gordon Hamilton

Gordon Hamilton is a product of Doc Ewing. Following a Princeton degree in physics, and a brief stint as Lieutenant J.G. aboard a destroyer as a radar officer, Gordon became a graduate student at Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory (Palisades, New York). One of his contemporaries was Frank Press. Frank tells of a trip aboard the Atlantis I. In putting some gear over the side, Frank tied a granny knot. Gordon promptly upgraded this to a square knot. It isn't everyday that one has a chance to teach the future president of the National Academy of Sciences how to tie a square knot. (Frank Press went on to become an accomplished sailor.)
Anatomy of SUV

Standardized uptake value (SUV) for [F-18]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) studies that is commonly used to differentiate malignant from benign tumors and to assess the efficacy of therapy is reviewed as a simplified calculation of the more general modeling approach. Based on such a basis, the merits and limitations of the SUV approach is examined with reference to literature reports on tumor uptake of FDG. Results indicate the complexity and large variation of glucose uptake mechanism in tumors. Consistently performed procedures and more basic studies are needed to improve the utility of FDG SUV.
Treatment of Myofascial Pain

SUMMARYObjective: To review new, effective techniques and concepts in treatment [Tx] that have proven long-term results.Findings: The first goal is to instantaneously relieve pain, but recurrence can be prevented only by removal of the etiological factors. Treatment is ineffective unless it concentrates on the immediate cause of pain, which most frequently consists of tender spots [TSs], causing symptoms locally. Less frequent are trigger points [TrPs] that shoot pain into a distant area. Most effective Tx consists of “Needling and Infiltration of the Taut Band” [N&I of TB] with local anesthetic. Needling and infiltration is not limited to the TrP or TS itself, but extends over the entire TB including its attachment to bone. Such N & I mechanically disrupts the TB. Preinjection Block [PIB] is a new technique which prevents pain and sensitization caused by the penetration of the injecting needle into a sensitive area [TS or TrP]. There is no reason not to administer PIB routinely before each TrP injection....
Auxiliary Assumptions and Epistemic Ratios: Fun with Bayes

Although there have been many Bayesian analyses of the null hypothesis significance testing procedure, Bayesian thinking has not yet made strong inroads into theory testing (as opposed to hypothesis testing). We explain why this may be and how to introduce Bayesian thinking into theory testing. Bayesian evidence often comes in the form of empirical support for a hypothesis that was derived from a larger theory. We show that the probability of finding an empirical hypothesis to be true when a theory is true, and the probability of finding an empirical hypothesis to be true when a theory is false, are both fundamental in rigorous scientific knowledge accumulation. In turn, however, these conditional probabilities depend on the quality of the auxiliary assumptions that researchers use to traverse the distance from a more general theory to an empirical hypothesis. Therefore, we provide Bayesian analyses of theory testing that feature auxiliary assumptions. Our analyses implicate the importance of creativity o...
Dosimetric characteristics with spatial fractionation using electron grid therapy.

Abstract Recently, promising clinical results have been shown in the delivery of palliative treatments using megavoltage photon grid therapy. However, the use of megavoltage photon grid therapy is limited in the treatment of bulky superficial lesions where critical radiosensitive anatomical structures are present beyond tumor volumes. As a result, spatially fractionated electron grid therapy was investigated in this project. Dose distributions of 1.4-cm-thick cerrobend grid blocks were experimentally determined for electron beams ranging from 6 to 20 MeV. These blocks were designed and fabricated at out institution to fit into a 20 × 20-cm 2 electron cone of a commercially available linear accelerator. Beam profiles and percentage depth dose (PDD) curves were measured in Solid Water phantom material using radiographic film, LiF TLD, and ionometric techniques. Open-field PDD curves were compared with those of single holes grid with diameters of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 cm to find the optimum diameter. A 2.5-cm hole diameter was found to be the optimal size for all electron energies between 6 and 20 MeV. The results indicate peak-to-valley ratios decrease with depth and the largest ratio is found at D max . Also, the TLD measurements show that the dose under the blocked regions of the grid ranged from 9.7% to 39% of the dose beneath the grid holes, depending on the measurement location and beam energy.
Proliferation and β-tubulin for human aortic endothelial cells within gas-plasma scaffolds

Abstract Purpose We determined if h uman a ortic e ndothelial c ells (HAEC) enhanced proliferative and angiogenic phenotypes within gas-plasma treated bioresorbable D,L- p oly l actic a cid (D,L-PLA) three-dimensional scaffolds. Method 6 × 10 3 HAEC (N=120) were incubated for 6, 12 or 18 days within either non-treated control or treated scaffolds. Before removing media, unstained wells were observed for apparent cell densities. Quantitative colorimetric WST-1 mitochondrial assays were determined for pooled conditioned media from both HAEC attached to wells and their respective HAEC-containing scaffolds. Fixed HAEC in scaffolds were examined using non-quantitative laser confocal microcopy with FITC-conjugated consensus, Types-I/II or Type-III β-tubulin. Results WST-1 indicated that significantly (p Conclusions HAEC-treated scaffolds undergo increased migration, proliferation, β-tubulin expression and quiescent cord formation. HAEC in scaffolds represent a potential model to study mechanisms for vascular cord progression into tubes. WST-1 does not represent accurate cell densities in three-dimensional scaffold matrices.
Sir Patrick Manson: An Annotated Bibliography and a Note on a Collected Set of His Writings

Patrick Manson, M.D. (1844-1922), a Scot trained in Aberdeen, served from 1871 to 1883 as Medical Officer to the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs Service in Amoy, a tropical port on the south China coast. Despite his many duties as physician to the Customs Service and despite Amoy's intellectual isolation, Manson accomplished a great and varied body of research. Of all his insights, none was more novel and revolutionary than the concept that bloodsucking arthropods can transmit certain infections to humans, specifically the filariases then so common in Amoy. In the 1890s, Manson (then living in London) evolved, by analogy, his famous "mosquito-malaria hypothesis," which guided Ronald Ross in India toward his discovery of the mode of transmission of malaria. Manson also became the prime mover in organizing major educational institutions and scientific societies, and he was paramount as teacher, government consultant, and practitioner. In 1913, an international conclave acclaimed Manson the "Father of Modern Tropical Medicine," and he retired to the praise of his peers. Manson died in April 1922. A short two months later, Mr. S. Honeyman, Librarian to the British Medical Association, published an abridged and otherwise inadequate bibliography of Manson's writings [1], a list that may have formed the basis of an expanded bibliography published five years later by Manson-Bahr and Alcock [2]. During my studies of Manson's early views of filarial transmission [3, 4], I referred often to this bibliographyno other having been published since their timeand found it replete with errors. For example, at least six entries attributed to Manson are in fact
A cellular architecture for self-assembled 3D computational devices

To overcome physical size limitations in scaling transistors in inherently two-dimensional geometries, efforts are being directed at wafer stacking to implement more quasi three-dimensional (3D) architectures. However, significant and unprecedented gains in terms of packing and speed can be achieved if CMOS components can be integrated in truly 3D cellular porous architectures. In this paper, we present our initial results to create prototype 3D cellular computational devices by self-assembly. We first describe the cellular computational architecture based on Cell Matrix, an inherently defect and fault-tolerant architecture that is self-configurable, and therefore is ideally suited for ultra large-scale integration (ULSI). We then show first prototypes of functional polyhedral computational integrated devices at the centimeter and millimeter scales as a step toward self-folding porous crystal structures at the nanoscale. Our approach is rooted in the synergy between experiments, computation, and theory. It has the potential to address the major challenges of 3D integration: self-assembly, self-configuration, defect-tolerance, and cooling.
DEXAMETHASONE PRECOCIOUSLY INDUCES INTESTINAL SUGAR TRANSPORT IN SUCKLING RATS † 474

During normal development, intestinal fructose transport is enhanced only in postweaning (>28d) rats. Early introduction of a high fructose diet enhances fructose absorption in weaning (14-28d) but not in suckling (<14d) rats. In contrast, glucose absorption is independent of diet in both weaning and suckling stages. In this study, we determined whether Dexamethasone (DEX) would allow dietary induction of sugar transport in suckling rats. DEX, 0.4ug/g body weight (BW), was administered i.p. once daily to rat pups from d 5-9. Pups were gavage-fed on d 8-9 with sugar solutions containing high fructose (HF) and high glucose (HG) at a volume of 2% BW 2X per d. Pups stayed with dams at all other times. Control litter mates were fed similar solutions but received phosphate buffer i.p. instead of DEX. On d 10, pups were sacrificed and intestinal uptake studies using the everted sleeve technique were performed. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that fructose uptake increased 3X in DEX-treated pups fed HF (P<0.0001) but only 2X in DEX-treated pups fed HG (P<0.0001) over control. There was also a 2X significant increase in glucose uptake in DEX-treated pups fed HG(P<0.0001) and HF (P<0.0001). Uptakes were 2-3X greater in the proximal and middle than in the distal small intestine. DEX-treated pups failed to gain weight compared to control (P<0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in intestinal lengths and weights across treatment groups. DEX therefore non-specifically enhances transport of nutrients and also allows specific induction of fructose transporters by its substrate. The proximate mechanism of this DEX effect remains unclear and is a subject of future research.
Cerebral metabolic effects of a verbal fluency test: A PET scan study

Sixteen normal volunteers were studied with [F-18] fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography scans during behavioral activation with a verbal fluency test, and 35 age-matched controls were studied with resting-state scans. There was an overall increase of the cerebral glucose metabolic rate of 23.3% during verbal fluency activation, compared to the resting state, with the greatest activation in bilateral temporal and frontal lobes. A negative correlation between test performance scores and indices of metabolism was found in frontal, temporal, and parietal regions. Damage to the left frontal lobe maximally affects scores on verbal fluency tests, but performing the test activates a network of regions, of which the left frontal lobe is only one. Proficient performance in verbal fluency seems to require less metabolic activation than poor performance, perhaps because of the efficiency of cognitive strategies employed.
Efficiency of Computation of Cayley Tables of 2-Groups

Two algorithms for computing the multiplication table of a 2-group are described and discussed. One of the algorithms works in an element-by-element fashion; the other works in terms of subgroups generated by initial subsequences of the given sequence of generators. Estimates of computation times are given which show that the second algorithm is much more efficient than the first. It is also shown how the second algorithm can be modified to make it more useful, without using significantly more time.
Perturbative and non-perturbative corrections to B → D(∗)lν

Abstract It is shown that certain double ratios introduced for computing semileptonic form factors are accurate to order 1 m Q 2 , even when the action and current are accurate to order 1 m Q .
Growth of BaAl2O4, SrAl12O19 & Mg2Ga4GeO10 crystals in molten bismuth germanate glasses

Abstract Small, well-formed BaAl2O4 blades (up to 0.5 mm), SrAl12O19 platelets (up to 0.01 mm), and Mg2GeO10 plates (up to 0.25 mm) can be precipitated at 1370, 1230, and 1300°C respectively from molten MO/Bi2O3/2 GeO2 mixtures that contain either Al2O3 or Ga2O3. Similar experiments with PbO and CdO containing melts yielded only Al2O3 crystals. After quenching, all of these crystals can be separated from the adhering glass by appropriate dissolution techniques. Density, refraction, and infrared results confirm these findings.
Nanoscale Coating of Silicon and Manganese on Ferrimagnetic Yttrium Iron Garnets

A uniform microstructure of Gd-substituted yttrium iron garnet (Y 2 Gd 1 Fe 5 O 12 ) was obtained with additives of Si and Mn using a sol-gel coating process. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and manganese acetate were used as Si and Mn sources for the sol-gel coating procedure, respectively. TEM/EDS analysis confirmed the presence of a relatively uniform nanoscale coating of Si and Mn around each particle. High density and uniform microstructure were obtained after sintering at 1400°C in O 2 atmosphere. The density and grain size of the specimens depended on Mn content. The results were compared with materials fabricated without additives incorporated by the sol-gel coating procedure.
Genetic Counselors’ Views and Experiences with the Clinical Integration of Genome Sequencing

In recent years, new sequencing technologies known as next generation sequencing (NGS) have provided scientists the ability to rapidly sequence all known coding as well as non-coding sequences in the human genome. As the two emerging approaches, whole exome (WES) and whole genome (WGS) sequencing, have started to be integrated in the clinical arena, we sought to survey health care professionals who are likely to be involved in the implementation process now and/or in the future (e.g., genetic counselors, geneticists and nurse practitioners). Two hundred twenty-one genetic counselors— one third of whom currently offer WES/WGS—participated in an anonymous online survey. The aims of the survey were first, to identify barriers to the implementation of WES/WGS, as perceived by survey participants; second, to provide the first systematic report of current practices regarding the integration of WES/WGS in clinic and/or research across the US and Canada and to illuminate the roles and challenges of genetic counselors participating in this process; and third to evaluate the impact of WES/WGS on patient care. Our results showed that genetic counseling practices with respect to WES/WGS are consistent with the criteria set forth in the ACMG 2012 policy statement, which highlights indications for testing, reporting, and pre/post test considerations. Our respondents described challenges related to offering WES/WGS, which included billing issues, the duration and content of the consent process, result interpretation and disclosure of incidental findings and variants of unknown significance. In addition, respondents indicated that specialty area (i.e., prenatal and cancer), lack of clinical utility of WES/WGS and concerns about interpretation of test results were factors that prevented them from offering this technology to patients. Finally, study participants identified the aspects of their professional training which have been most beneficial in aiding with the integration of WES/WGS into the clinical setting (molecular/clinical genetics, counseling and bioethics) and suggested that counseling aids (to assist them when explaining aspects of these tests to patients) and webinars focused on WES/WGS (for genetic counselors and other health care professionals) would be useful educational tools. Future research should permit us to further enhance our knowledge of pitfalls and benefits associated with the introduction of these powerful technologies in patient care and to further explore the roles and opportunities for genetic counselors in this rapidly evolving field.
Direct digitization of ultra-wideband (UWB) noise signals using frequency band folding

Frequency spectrum responses of targets are of importance in UWB radar for target identification and recognition. As technology's digitization rate of analog sources increases, direct acquisition of wider bandwidths is becoming possible. Through conversion to the frequency domain, wider bandwidth spectral responses for targets can be produced. However, to directly digitize higher frequencies with UWB signals directly (i.e., ≥ 4 GHz), the technology is somewhat limited. This paper will present a technique which utilizes both hardware and software to produce a lower bandwidth signal (e.g., 1.5 GHz), which contains larger spectral bandwidth information (e.g., 6 GHz). The technique utilizes a double band folding methodology implemented in hardware, or software, to translate larger bandwidths into lower bandwidths for direct digitization. The generated lower bandwidth will have a unique spectral response containing the superimposed amplitudes of the larger bandwidth transmitted signal. This folded spectrum can then be used in applications such as target recognition and identification. Simulated and experimental results will be presented to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of such an approach.
The symphony, the ensemble, and the interventional imager….

The exponential growth of transcatheter valve therapies [(1)][1] has created exceptional opportunities as well as unprecedented challenges for the cardiovascular imaging community. The new (October 2014) Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services professional fee schedule and interventional
Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel release: Preliminary report

Summary The surgical technique of endoscopic carpal tunnel release using the Concept Carpal Tunnel Relief Kit (Linvatec, Largo, FL) is described. This is a single-portal technique and can be performed with any standard (4-mm) arthroscope available in the operating room. The results of the first 100 cases treated by the author are reported. Ninety-four percent of the patients achieved relief of symptoms. No permanent neurological or vascular injury occurred in this series. The grip strength returned to preoperative level in 3–4 weeks in the majority of patients. Subjective evaluation showed a greater degree of patient satisfaction when compared with results of the open technique.
Graphene nanocomposite for biomedical applications: fabrication, antimicrobial and cytotoxic investigations

Materials possessing excellent bacterial toxicity, while presenting low cytotoxicity to human cells, are strong candidates for biomaterials applications. In this study, we present the fabrication of a nanocomposite containing poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and graphene (G) in solutions and thin films. Highly dispersed PVK‐G (97-3 w=w%) solutions in various organic and aqueous solvents were prepared by solution mixing and sonication methods. The thermal properties and morphology of the new composite were analyzed using thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. PVK‐G films were immobilized onto indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates via electrodeposition. AFM was used to characterize the resulting topography of the nanocomposite thin films, while cyclic voltammetry and UV‐vis were used to monitor their successful electrodeposition. The antimicrobial properties of the electrodeposited PVK‐G films and solution-based PVK‐G were investigated against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). Microbial growth after exposure to the nanocomposite, metabolic assay and live‐dead assay of the bacterial solutions exposed to PVK‐G presented fewer viable and active bacteria than those exposed to pure PVK or pure graphene solutions. The PVK‐G film inhibited about 80% of biofilm surface coverage whereas the PVK- and G-modified surfaces allowed biofilm formation over almost the whole coated surface (i.e.>80%). The biocompatibility of the prepared PVK‐G solutions on NIH 3T3 cells was evaluated using the MTS cell proliferation assay. A 24 h exposure of the PVK‐G nanocomposite to the NIH 3T3 cells presented 80% cell survival. (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)
Symbolic Matching and Constraint Generation for Systematic Comparison of Analog Circuits

This paper proposes an automated technique for systematically generating comparison data between two analog circuits. The comparison data presents the similar and distinguishing performance characteristics of the circuits with respect to DC-gain, bandwidth, common-mode rejection ratio, noise, and sensitivity. The comparison data is important for getting insight into the common and unique benefits of a circuit, selecting fitting circuit topologies for system design, and refining and optimizing circuit topologies. The technique utilizes matching of the topologies and symbolic expressions of the compared circuits to find the nodes with similar electric behavior. The impact on performance of the unmatched nodes is used to express the differentiating characteristics of the circuits. Experiments illustrate the technique for a pair of analog circuit designs.
Studies on the superprecipitation of actomyosin suspensions as measured by the change in turbidity I. Effects of adenosine triphosphate concentration and temperature

Abstract Superprecipitation of actomyosin induced by ATP or ITP was studied by measuring the increase in turbidity which occurs during the process. The maximum rate of superprecipitation was markedly slowed by lowering temperature. Below 20°, the apparent energy of activation of the process is greater than 50 000 cal. However, the apparent binding of ATP (ITP) was increased by lowering temperature, as was the efficiency (change in turbidity per unit of ATP hydrolyzed). Efficiency was also increased by increasing ATP concentration. It was inferred from these results that superprecipitation is not a simple stoichiometric function of nucleotide hydrolysis, but requires the concerted action of two or more molecules of ATP (ITP) operating simultaneously or sequentially at two or more sites in the protein complex.
Chinese coolie labour in Cuba in the nineteenth century: Free labour or neo‐slavery?

(1993). Chinese coolie labour in Cuba in the nineteenth century: Free labour or neo‐slavery? Slavery & Abolition: Vol. 14, The wage of Slavery: From Chattel Slavery to wage labour in Africa, the Caribbean and England, pp. 67-86.
Negative regulation of AAA + ATPase assembly by two component receiver domains: a transcription activation mechanism that is conserved in mesophilic and extremely hyperthermophilic bacteria.

Only a few transcriptional regulatory proteins have been characterized in extremely hyperthermophilic organisms, and most function as repressors. Structural features of the NtrC1 protein from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Aquifex aeolicus suggested that this protein functions similarly to the σ54-polymerase activator DctD of Sinorhizobium meliloti. Here, we demonstrate that NtrC1 is an enzyme that hydrolyzes ATP to activate initiation of transcription by σ54-holoenzyme. New structural data, including small-angle solution scattering data and the crystal structure of the phosphorylated receiver domain, show that NtrC1 uses a signal transduction mechanism very similar to that of DctD to control assembly of its AAA+ ATPase domain. As for DctD, the off-state of NtrC1 depends upon a tight dimer of the receiver domain to repress oligomerization of an intrinsically competent ATPase domain. Activation of NtrC1 stabilizes an alternative dimer configuration of the receiver domain that is very similar to the on-state dimers of the DctD and FixJ receiver domains. This alternative dimer appears to relieve repression of the ATPase domain by disrupting the off-state dimerization interface along the helical linker region between receiver and ATPase domains. Bacterial enhancer binding proteins typically have two linker sequences, one between N-terminal regulatory and central ATPase domains, and one between the central ATPase and C-terminal DNA binding domains. Sequence analyses reveal an intriguing correlation between the negative regulation mechanism of NtrC1 and DctD, and a structured N-terminal linker and unstructured C-terminal one; conversely, the very different, positive mechanism present in NtrC protein occurs in the context of an unstructured N-terminal linker and a structured C-terminal one. In both cases, the structured linkers significantly contribute to the stability of the off-state dimer conformation. These analyses also raise the possibility that a structured linker between N-terminal regulatory and central output domains is used frequently in regulatory proteins from hyperthermophilic organisms.