cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for sleep apnea in children with bipolar disorder.

Abstract Background While studies have suggested an increased prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in adults with Bipolar Disorder (BPD), little is published about children with BPD. Behavioral difficulties including emotional liability, depression and poor school performance are commonly reported in children with either BPD or OSA. Comorbid medical disorders may exacerbate the course of BPD. We reviewed demographic and polysomnogram characteristics of children with BPD to help outpatient identification of OSA. Methods A single center retrospective chart review of children with BPD referred for a polysomnogram (PSG) over a ten-year period was conducted. There were 27 children identified whose diagnosis of BPD was independently verified by a child psychiatrist using DSM-IV standard criteria. Results Six (22%) children had OSA with a median apnea–hyponea index of 7.5 events per hour. Variables that were significantly different between the OSA and non-OSA groups were: median BMI (47 vs 30 kg/m 2 , p =0.001); sleep efficiency (78.2% vs 91%, p =0.009); and oxygen saturation nadir (82% vs 92%, p =0.0003). There was no difference found in snoring percentage on PSG between the two groups. Limitations The retrospective design from a single tertiary center limited the cohort size. Only secondary verification of the diagnosis of BPD from the available medical record was possible. Conclusions Our findings suggest that extreme obesity (BMI >40 kg/m 2 ), oxygen desaturation during sleep and frequent nocturnal awakenings are associated with OSA in children with BPD. Traditional clinical parameters for obesity and snoring, per se, are poor predictors of OSA in children with BPD.
What types of visual recognition tasks are mediated by the neural subsystem that subserves face recognition

Three divided visual field experiments tested current hypotheses about the types of visual shape representation tasks that recruit the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying face recognition. Experiment 1 found a right hemisphere advantage for subordinate but not basic-level face recognition. Experiment 2 found a right hemisphere advantage for basic but not superordinate-level animal recognition. Experiment 3 found that inverting animals eliminates the right hemisphere advantage for basic-level animal recognition. This pattern of results suggests that the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying face recognition are recruited when computational demands of a shape representation task are best served through the use of coordinate (rather than categorical) spatial relations.
Time-optimal control of flexible structures

It is shown that the time-optimal control, for rest-to-rest maneuvers of a one-bending-mode model of a flexible structure is bang-bang with at most three switches and is symmetric about the second switch. For the case with damping, optimal reversal and maneuver times are calculated for a normalized system for several damping ratios. Since these times can be scaled for frequency and control authority, these results can be used to interpolate for times of any damping ratio. The variation of the optimal slewing times with structural frequency and damping ratio is presented. >
On the convergence rate of the unscented transformation

Nonlinear state-space models driven by differential equations have been widely used in science. Their statistical inference generally requires computing the mean and covariance matrix of some nonlinear function of the state variables, which can be done in several ways. For example, such computations may be approximately done by Monte Carlo, which is rather computationally expensive. Linear approximation by the first-order Taylor expansion is a fast alternative. However, the approximation error becomes non-negligible with strongly nonlinear functions. Unscented transformation was proposed to overcome these difficulties, but it lacks theoretical justification. In this paper, we derive some theoretical properties of the unscented transformation and contrast it with the method of linear approximation. Particularly, we derive the convergence rate of the unscented transformation.
Laser frequency stabilization: combined integrating thermal–proportional servos

Many cw laser frequency stabilization schemes require the piezoelectric servo control of the length of an optical resonator. A problem that must be dealt with in the construction of any such servo is the design of a system that has both the dynamic range to correct long term drifts and the frequency response to control short term fluctuations. A simple, inexpensive addition is described that eliminates the need for both long-term cavity stability and wide PZT dynamic range in any proportional length control system. The method is to add to the proportional piezoelectric loop an integrating servo loop, which thermally controls cavity length. (MHR)
Rift topography linked to magmatism at the intermediate spreading Juan de Fuca Ridge

New seismic observations of crustal structure along the Juan de Fuca Ridge indicate that the axial rift topography reflects magma-induced deformation rather than alternating phases of magmatism and tectonic extension, as previously proposed. Contrary to predictions of the episodic models, crustal magma bodies are imaged beneath portions of all ridge segments surveyed at average depths of 2.1–2.6 km. The shallow rift valley or axial graben associated with each Juan de Fuca segment is ∼50–200 m deep and 1–8 km wide and is well correlated with a magma body in the subsurface. Analysis of graben dimensions (height and width) shows that the axial graben narrows and graben height diminishes where the magma body disappears, rather than deepening and broadening, as expected for rift topography due to tectonic extension. We propose an evolutionary model of axial topography that emphasizes the contribution of dike intrusion to subsidence and fault slip at the seafloor. In this model an evolving axial topography results from feedbacks between the rheology of the crust above a magma sill and dike intrusion, rather than episodic magma delivery from the mantle.
Invertebrate models of drug abuse.

Susceptibility to drug addiction depends on genetic and environmental factors and their complex interactions. Studies with mammalian models have identified molecular targets, neurochemical systems, and brain regions that mediate some of the addictive properties of abused drugs. Yet, our understanding of how the primary effects of drugs lead to addiction remains incomplete. Recently, researchers have turned to the invertebrate model systems Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans to dissect the mechanisms by which abused drugs modulate behavior. Due to their sophisticated genetics, relatively simple anatomy, and their remarkable molecular similarity to mammals, these invertebrate models should provide useful insights into the mechanisms of drug action. Here we review recent behavioral and genetic studies in flies and worms on the effects of ethanol, cocaine, and nicotine, three of the most widely abused drugs in the world.
Reactivation of mitosis in vitro

Abstract Although mitotic spindles were first isolated over 30 years ago, these isolates did not move chromosomes. Progress in developing new model systems has now made possible the analysis in vitro of the mechanism of anaphase chromosome movement.
Partisan Conflicts Among the Public on the Economy and Budget Deficit in 2011

In the past year, an intense public debate has taken place over the role of government in the current sluggish economy, health-care reform, and approaches to taming a growing federal budget deficit. These public conflicts over policy can be characterized in one word: hyperpartisanship.
Helium ion outflow from the terrestrial ionosphere

For situations where ion outflow occurs from the topside ionosphere, steady-state solutions for the He(+) continuity, momentum, and energy equations have been obtained self-consistently, yielding density, velocity, and temperature profiles of He(+) from 200 to 2000 km altitude. The study indicates that the outflowing He(+) has density profiles of similar shape to those of H(+), for basically different reasons; the effect of the perpendicular electric field differs considerably for H(+) and He(+); the fractional heating of He(+) due to the He(+)-O(+) relative flow is not as effective in heating He(+) as the flow is in heating H(+); during magnetospheric disturbances the He(+) peak density decreases only by approximately a factor of 2; and the He(+) escape flux over the winter pole is approximately a factor of 20 greater than the He(+) escape flux over the summer pole. The possibility of interhemispheric He(+) flux from winter to summer on high-latitude closed field lines is considered.
Scale dependence of sorption coefficients for contaminant transport in saturated fractured rock

[1] A significant challenge in contaminant transport modeling is to obtain a mechanistic understanding of transport parameter scaling that accurately addresses the combined influence of physical and chemical heterogeneities at different scales. In this paper, we have developed a scaling methodology to upscale matrix sorption coefficients for fractured-rock systems by characterizing both the tortuosity field (physical heterogeneity) and retardation factor field (chemical heterogeneity) in the rock matrix. We compute the effective tortuosity with a conservative tracer (e.g., tritium), and then using a sorbing tracer (e.g., uranium), we derive the equations for upscaling the sorption coefficients in a saturated, fractured rock system. The derived upscaling equations for the sorption coefficients are verified with Monte Carlo simulations, which are based on a generalized dual-porosity model to enable highly efficient and accurate numerical simulations of diffusive concentration fronts moving between the fractures and matrix material. The scientific results from this study will provide a theoretical and practical link between controlled experimental results at scales increasing from the laboratory bench to the field scale at which risk assessment and contaminant remediation are actually conducted.
Electron spin resonance studies of free radicals in mechanically loaded nylon 66

Abstract In recent years, several electron spin resonance (ESR) studies of mechanical degradation of crystalline polymer solids initiated by grinding [1,2], fracture, and mechanical stresses [3-7] have appeared. Highly oriented fibers or films were used in the mechanical loading experiments. The general consensus is that under high stress the most strained chemical bonds in polymer chains are cleaved and macroradicals are formed. Each chain rupture produces two radicals which under favorable conditions may be observed by ESR. The presence of air (oxygen) or high chain mobility enhanced by high temperature and swelling agents can so efficiently destroy the radicals that the radical population never reaches the sensitivity limit of the ESR spectrometer. In the absence of such scaveging processes the primary radicals produced by chain reupture may still be rather unstable and tend to transfer their energy to other close-by groups. By such transfer, eventually very stable secondary radicals are formed which a...
Equal intensity and phase contours in focused Gaussian laser beams

The intensity and phase distributions of TEM/sub 00/ as well as higher-order Gaussian laser beams are illustrated with contour maps. Sufficient mathematical formulation leading to these plots is given. The locations and values of intensity extrema are given for lower-order Hermite- and Laguerre-Gaussian modes. >
Repeated Reading versus Continuous Reading: Influences on Reading Fluency and Comprehension:

In this research we evaluated two methods to improve the reading fluency of struggling readers. Poor readers in Grades 2 and 4 with (n = 17) and without (n = 20) learning disabilities were randomly assigned to one of two fluency practice variations or to a control group. Students in the treatments practiced reading aloud under repeated or continuous reading conditions with an adult listener in 15-min sessions, 3 days per week for 14 weeks. For students in the treatment conditions, growth curve analyses revealed significant differences in fluency and reading comprehension over students in the control. We found no significant differences between practice conditions.
How infrastructure and financial institutions affect agricultural output and investment in India

Abstract This paper has sought to quantify the inter-relationships among the investment decisions of government, financial institutions and farmers and their joint effects on agricultural investment and output. Empirical results using district-level time-series data from India confirm the importance of input and output prices in the determination of aggregate crop output, but also confirm that aggregate outout supply elasticities are low. Education infrastructure availability and the rural banks play an overwhelming role in determining investment, input and output decisions. Availability of banks is a more important determinant of fertilizer demand and aggregate crop output than interest rates. While farmers respond to infrastructure, the governments in turn allocate their infrastructure investments in response to the agroclimatic potential of the districts and banks locate their branches where the agroclimate and the infrastructure are favorable to their operation. Agricultural output is therefore determined in a complex interactive process where farmers, government and intermediaries respond to the same factors. This sharply affects the econometric techniques which have to be used to analyze output supply.
Entrepreneurial Dispositions and Goal Orientations: A Comparative Exploration of United States and Russian Entrepreneurs

We refine and extend the study of entrepreneurial dispositions by linking three classic hallmarks of the entrepreneur—achievement motivation, risk–taking propensity, and preference for innovation—to the goal orientations of United States and Russian entrepreneurs. The results suggest that entrepreneurial dispositions vary according to culture and the entrepreneur's primary goal for the venture. The results have important implications for theoretical development linking dispositions and entrepreneurial behavior in different settings and for entrepreneurial education and government policy.
The effect of colony topography on climate signals in coral skeleton

The stable oxygen isotope composition of the aragonitic skeleton of hermatypic corals is a potential archive of paleotemperature and rainfall data. Biological processes also influence coral δ18O although it has been difficult to determine which processes are involved and whether or not they dominate the stable isotope signal. We show here that colony topography, or surface bumpiness, is associated with significant differences in δ18O, δ13C, and the timing of high-density band formation between same-age corallites in the central and fastest-growing region of a coral colony. These differences reflect changes experienced by individual corallites as they grow from the summit of a bump toward the bottom of a valley. Corallites on the bump record isotopic temperatures more than 1°C higher and accrete high-density skeleton about 2 months earlier than their valley counterparts just 20 mm away. We propose that these changes are not caused by corallite “aging” but rather by changes in the overall rate and timing of light-enhanced calcification, which is lower and occurs later in shaded valleys than it does on exposed bumps. Although we conclude that sea temperature is the dominant influence on δ18O values in our coral, our results show that significant isotopic variations may be expected over a small surface area in a single colony. The production of accurate and reproducible coral-based climate records thus requires an understanding of the complexities of coral growth processes and incorporation of this knowledge into sampling strategies and interpretation of data.
Recurrent Scapular Dislocation

A 45-year-old male presented to the emergency department (ED) with atraumatic left shoulder deformity. The patient reported that he woke up from sleep with the deformity. His arm felt more numb than usual with decreased range of motion of the left shoulder, however, intact range of motion of the elbow, wrist, and fingers. This was not an unusual occurrence for this patient. The patient reported chronic left scapular-thoracic dislocation stemming from an injury suffered in military service about 10 years earlier, in 2001. The patient reported that he sustained several gunshots to a metal plate containing body armor vest from an angle. The bullets caused the vest to shift and the metal plate to push the inferior angle of his scapula upward and lift the body off his thorax. Additionally, he suffered a gunshot wound to his lateral thorax resulting in a pneumothorax, requiring a chest tube upon return to the military ship. The patient reported no injury to the scapula, however, he did have extensive damage to the long thoracic nerve and the trapezius muscle, causing laxity of the scapula as well as baseline numbness of the left arm. Since the initial injury, he suffers from chronic scapular dislocation several times a week that requires medical intervention and reduction. Normally, the scapula is held against the thoracic cavity by the action of the serratus anterior muscle that attaches the medial edge of the scapula to the rib cage
Human Rights, Diversity, and Citizenship Education

Abstract The 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a propitious time for educators to examine its implications for educating citizens in multicultural nation states. The author argues that students must experience democratic classrooms and schools that reflect their cultures and identities to internalize human rights values, ideals, and behaviors. Schools in nations around the world make it difficult for students to acquire human rights ideals and behaviors because they pursue assimilationist goals that do not provide students civic equality and recognition. Citizenship education needs to be reformed so that it will help students to internalize human rights ideals and behaviors.
Measurement of relative thyroid activity in free-ranging rodents along an altitudinal transect.

DETERMINATION of the relative rates of physiological activity in free-ranging animals in different environments is important to the understanding of the interaction between an organism and its environment, as well as in comparative studies of energy flow in ecosystems. Methods should be used which permit determinations over a period of several days or longer so that most of the animal's daily activities are involved. Odum and Golley1 have expressed some of the points of view and methods applicable to the use of radio nuclides for this purpose.
UV Disinfection of E. coli Between Concentric Cylinders: Effects of the Boundary Layer and a Wavy Wall

UV inactivation of E. coli in a plug flow reactor between concentric cylinders was investigated. The concentration boundary layer thickness was computed for laminar, turbulent and Taylor-Couette flow in terms of the respective mass transfer Sherwood number. It is demonstrated that the concentration boundary layer is thin and that the mass transfer coefficient is large and comparable in size for both turbulent and laminar Taylor-Couette flow in contrast to laminar flow. Computation of the fluence distribution for each flow pattern indicate that turbulent and especially Taylor-Couette flow subject E. coli to an equal flux of photons corresponding to ideal plug flow. However, experiments with turbulent flow that require large axial velocities indicate that very long reactor lengths are necessary to inactivate E. coli. Finally, rotor wavy wall modifications are explored to increase the inactivation of microorganisms in Taylor-Couette flow.
From women’s college to work: Inter-organizational networks in the Japanese female labor market

Abstract This study examines how inter-organizational networks linking schools to large corporations supersede labor market processes in Japan by focusing on the contribution of educational institutions to individual employment outcomes. A women’s college, as an organization, has the goal of increasing its reputation by catering to social norms through placing its students with large (prestigious) Japanese corporations—mostly in the position of “Office Ladies.” Therefore, the role of a school is to recommend to Japan’s large corporations only those students who would make suitable clerical workers. The results of ordinal and multinomial logit regressions showed that the effect of school support on being hired by larger corporations was significant. More importantly, schools tend to support dependent women with their parents and junior college students, but not students with just household skills. This serves the school’s interest in survival by satisfying the employers’ preference of hiring such women. These results indicate how the inter-organizational network reinforces the status quo and leads to the reproduction of current gender-based status hierarchies in Japanese society.
From Worlds to Situations

In this paper, I argue that it is reasonable and useful for one who has adopted a certain conception of possible worlds theory, to extend that theory until it becomes a version of situation theory.
Metal-proximity-induced phosphorescence of C60 molecules

We discuss recent observations of a metal-proximity-induced fluorescence and phosphorescence of C 60 molecules and the key roles that are played in the phenomenon by the metal-induced lowering of the symmetry of the molecules, and the exchange Coulomb spin-flipping scattering and virtual electron hopping (superexchange) between the triplet excitons of the C 60 molecules and the electrons in the metal, which lead to a mixing of the singlet and triplet excitons. The enhancement of phosphorescence by the mixing of singlet and triplet exciton states via their exchange interactions with the electrons in the substrate should in general also occur for molecules in close proximity to surfaces having atoms or molecules with incompletely filled outer shells.
Tritium labeling of luteinizing hormone by reductive methylation

Abstract A method is described in which high specific activity B8H4− (approx. 5 Ci/mmole) is used in the reductive 3H-methylation of a glycoprotein hormone. Ovine pituitary luteinizing hormone was labeled to give a specific activity of 650 μCi/mg. The reaction was highly specific for lysine and about 85% of the protein lysyl residues were modified with dimethyllysine representing the major derivative. The potency of the tritiated gonadotropin was not reduced relative to the unlabeled hormone as determined by both in vivo and in vitro bioassays. Intravenous injection of 1.6 μg of 3H-labeled luteinizing hormone into mature male rats showed that most of the radioactivity (approx. 90%) is cleared from circulation with an apparent half-life of 5 min; however, there is a component with an apparent half-life greater than 1 day. The incubation of 20 ng of 3H-labeled luteinizing hormone with decapsulated rat testis increased the testicular levels of adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate; a maximum value occurred in about 30 min and there was a return to basal levels in about 3 h. In contrast, the stimulation of steroidogenesis continuously increased with time, at least up to 4 h. Thus, the tritiated gonadotropin is suitable for both metabolic and mechanism-of-action studies.
Simulation of the impact of financial incentives on solar energy utilization for space conditioning and water heating: 1985

Abstract Financial incentives designed to accelerate the use of solar energy for heating, cooling, and water heating of buildings have been proposed by both state and federal legislative bodies in the U.S.A. Among the most frequently mentioned incentives are sales and property tax exemptions, tax deductions and credits, rapid amortization provisions, and interest rate subsidies. At the present time there is little available information regarding the ability of such incentives to advance the rate of solar energy utilization. This paper describes the derivation and use of a computer simulation model designed to estimate solar energy use for space conditioning and water heating for given economic, climatic, and technological conditions. When applied to data from the Denver, Colorado metropolitan area, the simulation model predicts that sales tax exemptions would have little impact over the next decade, interest rate subsidies could more than double solar energy use, and the other proposed incentives would have an intermediate impact.
Filamentation by Escherichia coli subverts innate defenses during urinary tract infection.

To establish disease, an infecting organism must overcome a vast array of host defenses. During cystitis, uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) subvert innate defenses by invading superficial umbrella cells and rapidly increasing in numbers to form intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs). In the late stages of the IBC pathway, filamentous and bacillary UPEC detach from the biofilm-like IBC, fluxing out of this safe haven to colonize the surrounding epithelium and initiate subsequent generations of IBCs, and eventually they establish a quiescent intracellular reservoir. Filamentous UPEC are not observed during acute infection in mice lacking functional Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), suggesting that the filamentous phenotype arises in response to host innate immunity. We investigated SulA, a cell division inhibitor associated with the SOS response, to gain insight into the role of filamentous UPEC in pathogenesis. A transcriptional reporter from PsulA revealed spatial and temporal differences in expression within IBCs, and it was active in the majority of filamentous UPEC. Although UTI89 and UTI89 ΔsulA both formed first-generation IBCs equally well, UTI89 ΔsulA was sharply attenuated in formation of second-generation IBCs and establishment of the quiescent intracellular reservoir. The virulence of UTI89 ΔsulA was restored in TLR4-deficient mice, suggesting that filamentation facilitates the transition to additional rounds of IBC formation by subverting innate immune responses. These findings demonstrate that transient SulA-mediated inhibition of cell division is essential for UPEC virulence in the murine model of cystitis.
Compaction-limited system lifetime in 193-nm optical lithography

Abstract The elements near the pupil of a diffraction-limited optical system are examined for the effects of radiation-induced compaction on optical performance. The Zernike phase aberration terms resulting from 193-nm-induced compaction in these element are calculated using Fourier optics and ray-tracing. Using experimental densification rates and the extracted aberration terms, equations describing useful system lifetime are developed as a function of relevant system variables. The useful life depends strongly on the throughput, resist sensitivity, and partial coherence.
Comments on two Notes by L. Ma and X. Xu

Abstract In this Note I discuss some assertions made by L. Ma and X. Xu (2009) [6] and L. Ma (2010) [5] , which need to be corrected and supplemented with additional references.
Porphyrias: Clinical Evaluation and Interpretation of Laboratory Tests

Porphyria is a hereditary enzyme disorder that affects the heme biosynthetic pathway and results in excess accumulation and excretion of porphyrin or porphyrin precursors (Fig. 1). Heme is a functional component of hemoglobin and heme-requiring enzymes, such as the cytochrome P-450 system. The structural constituents of heme are protoporphyrin IX (a tetrapyrrole ring) and iron. Heme production is especially active in developing erythrocytes and in hepatic cells. Clinical Spectrum of Porphyrias.—An enzyme defect in any of the heme biosynthetic steps (Fig. 1) causes excess accumulation of the related substrate porphyrinogen or porphyrinogen-precursor molecule. Disease manifestation depends on the type of the excess porphyrinogen intermediate and related porphyrin. If the excess is of the early precursor molecules (9-aminolevulinic acid [ALA], porphobilinogen [PBG], or both), the manifestations are neuropsychiatrie. These consist of recurrent acute attacks of autonomie dysfunction expressed as abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, tachycardia, and hypertension in association with psychiatric symptoms, fever, leukocytosis, proximal paresis, paresthesias, and occasionally the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. If the excess is of the distal intermediates (uroporphyrins, coproporphyrins, and protoporphyrins), the manifestations are cutaneous and consist of photosensitivity, blister formation, facial hypertrichosis, and hyperpigmentation. Finally, if the excess is of both the early and the distal porphyrin intermediates, the manifestations are both neuropsychiatrie and cutaneous. Accordingly, the porphyrias are clinically classified by their potential to involve the nervous system or the skin (or both). Three groups have been identified: neural, neurocutaneous, and cutaneous porphyrias. The first two are also known as acute hepatic porphyrias, an indication of the principal site of overproduction of porphyrin. All porphyrias are inherited as autosomal dominant traits except plumboporphyria (PP) and congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP), which are inherited as autosomal recessive traits. Neuroporphyrias.—In acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) and PP, the defective enzymes are PBG deaminase and ALA dehydrase, respectively; thus, PBG or ALA (or both) accumulates. Induction of hemoprotein synthesis for the production of catalase and cytochromes, and induction of ALA synthase by fasting, drugs, hormones, or alcohol may result in precipitation of acute attacks. Accordingly, the best treatment is avoidance of these factors. During attacks, a loading dose of carbohydrates may help because glucose prevents induction of ALA synthase by both exogenous and endogenous factors. Two recent randomized studies failed to demonstrate the clinical value of hematin or tin protoporphyrin therapy, even though biochemical remissions were verified.1·2
Testing stochastic order for reliability analysis of complex systems

System reliability plays a critical role in the comparison of complex stochastic systems. The reliability of a system can be articulated by its survivability or conditional survivability function. Systems' survivability may be compared based on a point measure such as the expected survivability. However, a point based comparison does not take advantage of all the available information. Here the interest is in the comparison of survival functions based on the stochastic order. The survival functions are assumed to be estimated via simulation. A statistical sequential procedure is presented for selecting the most reliable system with a guarantee of the best system selection.
Relative Ionization Yields for Impurity Elements in Laser Mass Spectrometry of Steels and Brasses

Relative sensitivity factors (RSF) are studied for impurity elements in metal samples with the use of laser mass spectrometry in the power density range of 1 to 3 × 109 W cm−2 for the focused laser beam. Metallic impurities are found to have RSFs near unity, while nonmetallic impurities are less efficiently ionized relative to iron. The results indicate uniform sensitivities for all the elements may be expected as the power density reaches 5 × 109 W cm−1, in agreement with earlier studies.
S07-01 - Sexual disorders in DSM V, ICD 11 - patient focused approach to diagnosis

Both ICD asnd DSM are in process of revision. DSM V should be implemented by 2013 and ICD 11 by 2015. These systems must be compatible by treaty obligation. In this presentation, i will summarize current proposals for changes in the DSM V for the sexual disorders. These proposals are the result of extensive literature reviews, commentaries by advisors, feedback on a publically available website. critiques received after publication and presentation of proposals, and field trials. Initial proposals include having specific duration and severity criteria. Another proposed change will be the listing of co-morbid conditions and the requirement of clinically significant distress or impairment prior to diagnosis. Specific proposals for changes in each diagnosis will be summarized in this presentation.
A molecular mechanism for the differential regulation of TGF-β1 expression due to the common SNP −509C-T (c. −1347C > T)

Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) levels influence many cellular, immunologic and pathologic processes. Activator protein 1 (AP1) and hypoxia are key regulators of TGF-beta1 expression levels. The common TGFB1 promoter SNP c.-1347C > T (-509C-T, rs1800469) has been linked to a nearly twofold difference in plasma levels among individuals and with risk, progression, and outcome of numerous diseases. We demonstrate exclusive in vitro and in vivo recruitment of AP1 containing JunD to -1347C. This study also is the first to demonstrate hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) binding to the TGFB1 promoter. HIF-1 was found to associate with both -1347C and -1347T and compete with AP1 for binding to -1347C. Reporter constructs demonstrate that expression differences between -1347C and -1347T are due to selective AP1 recruitment to the TGFB1 promoter. As AP1 is known to down-regulate transcription of other genes, we suggest that the molecular mechanism for the difference in TGF-beta1 plasma levels linked to -1347 is due to transcriptional suppression by AP1 binding to -1347C. These data should aid in our understanding of the association of the -1347 SNP with the pathogenesis of certain TGF-beta1-related diseases.
Distraction Strategies Used in Obtaining an MRI in Pediatrics: A Review of the Evidence

Abstract Many institutions throughout the United States are sedating pediatric patients ranging in age from newborn through young adults for radiologic imaging during invasive and noninvasive procedures. For magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), many patients will require sedation. Some research of the literature has shown that distraction strategies can effectively decrease pain and anxiety and increase patient and parent satisfaction. This article is an initiation of an evidence-based practice project reviewing three articles regarding distraction strategies used for brain MRI imaging for children between the ages of 5 to 7 years without sedation.
Roentgenographic manifestations of pleural disease

A LTHOUGH pleural abnormalities may be relatively inconsequential, they are indications of past or current disease. This article will consider the wide assortment of pleural abnormalities, review the roentgenographic signs of pleural abnormalities, and in some instances relate these findings to specific diseases. Radiographically, abnormalities of the pleura manifest themselves in two general ways: they may produce densities that do not correspond to any anatomic division within the chest, or they may be confined to known anatomic pleural configurations. The appearance is dependent on whether the abnormality is viewed en face or tangentially.
Improved parametric modeling of left ventricular function using gaussian fitting

Abstract Background: Parametric modelling of left ventricular (LV) function by fitting time activity curves (TAC) of radionuclide ventriculography (RVG) to a cosine function is a well defined technique that has received renewed interest in evaluating patients who may benefit from biventricular pacing. This study was undertaken to evaluate the utility of fitting the LV TAC to a gaussian as opposed to cosine function. This may better model the TAC and also produces a third parameter, sigma, that may better reflect the loss of synchrony in a diseased LV. Methods: We identified 15 patients undergoing RVG who had ejection fractions ranging from 10–70%. Best septal views were obtained using 14 frames. The images were filtered temporally and spatially and TACs were generated encompassing the entire LV. The TAC for each patient was modelled using both a cosine and gaussian fit. Goodness of fit was determined by taking the percentage of the root of the mean of the square of the error (%RMS) between the observed TAC and fit for both models. Results: The fit was significantly better for the gaussian fit compared to the cosine(%RMS gaussian 1.02±0.6% versus 1.17±0.6% cosine; p = 0.008). Conclusions: Gaussian fitting more accurately models the LV TAC and provides an additional parameter that may better characterize dyssynchrony in patients with LV dysfunction. Gaussian fitting deserves further study to evaluate its ability to identify patients who may benefit from biventricular pacing.
Surface mineral mapping at Steamboat Springs, Nevada, USA, with multi-wavelength thermal infrared images

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of airborne multispectral and hyperspectral thermal infrared (TIR) image data for mapping surface minerals characteristic of active geothermal systems. TIR image data from the MASTER multispectral spectrometer and the SEBASS hyperspectral spectrometer were acquired over Steamboat Springs, Nevada, USA, in September 1999. Spectral emissivity information was extracted from the data and used to generate mineral maps. Using the MASTER data it was possible to map the extent of the active geothermal area as well as silica-rich vs. clay-rich areas. Using the SEBASS data the same areas could be mapped and additionally the presence of several minerals, including opal, quartz, alunite, anorthite, albite, and kaolinite could be identified. The SEBASS data also detected previously unidentified hydrous sulfate minerals (tamarugite and alunogen) forming around active fumaroles. Laboratory spectral data and XRD analyses of field samples confirmed the dominant mineral phases identified remotely. The airborne, field and laboratory data together with temperature anomaly and fumarole location data from other studies were synthesized and linked to the surface geology to determine the diagnostic surface mineral expression that could be mapped with TIR remotely sensed data for future exploration for similar geothermal systems. Opaline sinter deposits are the most diagnostic surface expression of hot spring activity at Steamboat Springs because they represent areas of the recent geyser activity. The differentiation between opal and chalcedony deposits and the identification of hydrous sulfate minerals forming around active fumaroles are also important because chalcedony represents ancient sinter deposits and hydrous sulfate minerals indicate locations of fumaroles that may be venting diffusely with no geyser activity. The surface expression of the geothermal system at Steamboat Springs is small, which emphasizes the need for high spatial resolution airborne imagers. The 90-m pixels of ASTER TIR data over the same area were only capable of resolving the area of past and recent sinter deposits together. MASTER multispectral TIR data covered the entire area (∼12 km 2 ) at 5-m spatial resolution and were capable of defining the extent of the sinter deposits and zones of hydrothermally altered rocks. The SEBASS image swath was too narrow (256 m) to add significant spatial information to the overall map, but the high spectral content identified several important minerals related to the local geology and the mineralogic surface expression of the geothermal system.
Child Welfare Referrals to Part C

Interagency coordination on behalf of eligible infants and toddlers and their families is a defining feature of Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. In the present study, enrollment data for child welfare services and Part C services were examined to assess the degree of overlap between the two service systems. Results indicated that only a small proportion of young children receiving child welfare services also were enrolled in Part C early intervention services. These findings suggest that more effective procedures are needed for identifying the developmental problems of infants and toddlers enrolled in child welfare services and for enrolling them into Part C early intervention services.
Abstract PL05-04: Temporal evaluation of cancer heterogeneity.

Next-generation, massively parallel sequencing is enabling an exploration of how cancer genome heterogeneity is changing over time. This approach provides the rough equivalent of techniques that explore species evolution by monitoring the ebb and flow of genomic profiles in the tumor cell population under various influences. One such influence is the application of therapy, which takes many forms from cytotoxic chemotherapy to hormone therapy to targeted, small molecule therapy. Another influence is the temporal study of tumor evolution as the primary evolves to established metastases. I will provide examples from our work of each of the aforementioned scenarios, illustrating how deep sequencing can aid in tracking the evolution of tumor cell genomic profiles. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):PL05-04. Citation Format: Elaine R. Mardis. Temporal evaluation of cancer heterogeneity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr PL05-04.
Coupled Conformational Equilibria in β-Sheet Peptide−Dendron Conjugates

A series of peptide−dendron conjugates, based on an intrinsically α-helical, alanine-rich sequence, were constructed to explore how the conformational equilibria of each structural element can be conformationally coupled. The interdendron spacing was varied from i, i + 4 (2) to i, i +11 (9) to probe how the nature of the dendron interaction impacted the conformational properties. These studies revealed an α-helix to β-sheet conformational transition that occurred in water for peptide−dendron conjugates 4 (i, i + 6) and 8 (i, i + 10). Chiral transfer from the peptide backbone to the dendron helicity emerges only in the β-sheet forms of 4 and 8, revealing a synergistic coupling of the conformations of both structural elements.
Structure-activity relationship of N-(phenylalkyl)cinnamides as novel NR2B subtype-selective NMDA receptor antagonists.

A novel series of N-(phenylalkyl)cinnamides related to N-(4-phenylbutyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-β-cyanocinnamide (6, an EGFR-K inhibitor with high antiproliferative activity) was synthesized and tested for ...
Effects of Electrode Placement Upon EEG Biofeedback Training: The Monopolar-Bipolar Controversy

ABSTRACT Roles of tradition, convenience, and noise or artifact rejection are discussed with regard to the referential versus bipolar electrode placement controversy in electroencephalography (EEG). Particular emphasis is placed on the relevance to neurofeedback. The crucial interactions between the differential amplifier, brain waves, and referential/bipolar placements are discussed. Through logical analysis and empirical observation, it is demonstrated how the very nature of the EEG differential amplifier must destroy those elements of brain activity which are common (synchronous) to the recording electrodes. Controlled experiments further illustrate the critical importance of electrode placements. Various methods, including preferred electrode placements, are presented to help resolve recording problems that frequently arise. It is concluded that there are serious implications for researchers, EEG clinicians, neurofeedback providers, and their clients in preferring one type of electrode placement techn...
Optical scanning holographic system for the recognition of 3D objects

We describe a novel holographic technique for the recognition of 3D objects. We first briefly review an optical heterodyne scanning technique. We will then discuss the use of the technique to create a hologram of the 3D reference object and show how to use this holographic information for 3D object recognition. Finally, we address the important and practical z-invariance of the system and show that the overall scheme of the system is 3D shift- invariant. Computer simulation will be provided for the classification and confirmation of the idea.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A neoplasm in the giant African snail Achatina fulica.

Abstract Gross and histologic descriptions are given for a pedunculate tumor observed in the giant African snail, Achatina fulica. The tumor, situated at the inner juncture of the right tentacle and the dorsal surface of the head, was yellow-white, convered with a film of mucus, and approximately 5–6 mm in diameter. This tumor was considered to be a true neoplasm, since there was no evidence that it was initiated by microorganisms or as a result of previous injury.
The Capture of Interstellar Dust: The Pure Poynting-Robertson Case

Ulysses and Galileo spacecraft have discovered interstellar dust particles entering the solar system. In general, particles trajectories not altered by Lorentz forces or radiation pressure should encounter the sun on open orbits. Under Newtonian forces alone these particles return to the interstellar medium. Dissipative forces, such as Poynting Robertson (PR) and corpuscular drag and non-dissipative Lorentz forces can modify open orbits to become closed. In particular, it is possible for the orbits of particles that pass close to the Sun to become closed due to PR drag. Further, solar irradiation will cause modification of the size of the dust particle by evaporation. The combination of these processes gives rise a class of capture orbits and bound orbits with evaporation. Considering only the case of pure PR drag a minimum impact parameter is derived for initial capture by Poynting-Robertson drag. Orbits in the solar radiation field are computed numerically accounting for evaporation with optical and material properties for ideal interstellar particles modeled. The properties of this kind of particle capture are discussed for the Sun but is applicable to other stars.