cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrically-controlled thermal infrared metamaterial devices

We demonstrate electrically-controlled thermal mid-infrared metamaterials using depletion-type semiconductor devices. This electrical tuning can find novel applications in chip-scale active infrared devices.
A potentiometric method for the determination of chloride in milk.

Summary When chlorides in milk are titrated directly with silver, the results are too high because of interference by protein. This interference can be eliminated by titration in nitric acid solution at a pH near 2.0. A pure silver electrode can be used to detect the end point in the acid solution. This electrode may be substituted for the glass electrode of a pH meter, using a saturated calomel electrode of the asbestos fiber type as reference electrode. If the use of nitric acid is considered undesirable, it is possible to substitute potassium aluminum sulphate for the nitric acid but much more is required. The results are almost the same as with nitric acid. If necessary, a correction should be made for chloride in the alum. This potentiometric procedure at pH 2.0 is practically as fast as the direct chromate titration and it is believed to avoid the errors involved in other procedures which have been proposed.
“Not Just Learning About It But Actually Doing It”: The Evolution of a Teacher Inquiry Culture

Although teacher inquiry is a prominent feature in teacher education, it remains unclear how institutions construct and develop their cultures of inquiry. In this study the authors, as members of the education department at a liberal arts college, reflect on their experience introducing teacher inquiry into their institution and community. The authors examine the outcomes of this process, focusing on the evolution of the process/product, perspectives on teacher inquiry, and the nature of their inquiry culture. Using a qualitative case study approach, the authors found student teachers grew considerably within each semester as members of interconnected inquiry communities, but the quality of the inquiry process/product did not meaningfully change over time. Data from this study also suggest though student teachers came to perceive teacher inquiry as connected to the classroom, cooperating teachers remained resistant. The authors conclude with reflections on the challenges of bringing together divergent per...
Behavioural thermoregulation of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): response of naive fish to the thermal gradient in a nuclear reactor cooling reservoir

Abstract 1. 1.|We studied patterns of temperature selection of naive largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) transplanted from an adjacent normothermic site to a cooling reservoir for a nuclear reactor Lethally hot (> 45°C) water entered the reservoir periodically. 2. 2.|Temperature-sensing radio transmitters, which were surgically implanted in 10 fish, enabled us to monitor movement of bass during different times of year in the thermally heterogeneous environment. 3. 3.|Naive bass exhibited a range of reactive thermoregulatory behaviours which led half of them to cool-water refuges in the reservoir. Moreover, some bass appeared to learn the thermal characteristics of the refuges. 4. 4.|These behaviours were sufficient for 30% of the naive fish to survive extreme thermal conditions.
Shell Hardening in Snow Crabs Chionoecetes opilio Tagged in Soft-Shelled Condition

Abstract Altogether, 1,591 commercial-sized (≥95 mm carapace width) male snow crabs were tagged and released in soft-shelled condition onto the commercial crab grounds of Bonavista Bay, Newfoundland, during August 1984. Between September and December 1984, 68% of those animals released were recaptured by commercial crab fishermen. Among those crabs recaptured 31–60 d after release, 32.8% had recovered to a hard-shelled condition. The hard-shelled condition increased to 96% for crabs at large for 76–90 d and was virtually 100% for those at large for more than 90 d.
Flexible fiberoptic pericardioscopy for the diagnosis of pericardial disease

Pericardiocentesis provides an etiologic diagnosis for pericardial effusions approximately 25% of the time. In seven patients with evidence of a large pericardial effusion of unknown origin without cardiac tamponade, a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope was inserted through a subxiphoid incision after the effusion was drained. Pericardioscopy allowed visualization of all pericardial surfaces and made it possible to perform selective biopsy not limited to a subxiphoid window. It is a safe procedure that can permit distinction among benign, malignant and tuberculous origins of pericardial effusion.
Toward Distinguishing Empowerment Evaluation and Placing It In A Larger Context

Fostering self-determination is the defining focus of empowerment evaluation and the heart of its explicit political and social change agenda. However, empowerment evaluation overlaps participatory, collaborative, stakeholder-involving, and utilization-focused approaches to evaluation in its concern for such issues as ownership, relevance, understandability, access, involvement, improvement, and capacity-building. A critical question becomes how to distinguish empowerment evaluation from these other approaches. Making such distinctions has become critical as the field debates the boundaries and implications of empowerment evaluation.
Potential theory problem for two strips in contact

The problem of two geometrically identical strips in contact to form the potential theory equivalent to a lap joint is formulated and reduced, by integral transform methods, to the solution of a singular integral equation. A collocation scheme is used to obtain numerical results for various overlaps and amounts of coupling between the strips.
Biotransformation of 1-naphthalene acetic acid by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus arhizus

Abstract The metabolism of 1-naphthalene acetic acid by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus arhizus was investigated. The structures of the two major products of the transformation, 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1-acetic acid γ-lactone and 4-hydroxy-1-naphthalene acetic acid, were established by spectroscopic techniques, particularly 2D NMR.
Macrophage Infiltrate Is Elevated in CRSwNP Sinonasal Tissue Regardless of Atopic Status

ObjectiveMacrophages are major producers of inflammatory cytokines; however, their role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has not been clearly defined. The aim of this study was to quantify macrophages in sinus tissue of patients with various subtypes of CRS and determine the impact of atopic status on macrophage infiltrate.Study DesignProspective immunohistochemical study of human sinonasal tissue.SettingAcademic medical center.Subjects and MethodsHuman sinonasal tissue was taken from patients with CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP, n = 8), CRS without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP, n = 8), and controls (n = 8) undergoing surgery for CSF leak repair or endoscopic excision of non-secreting pituitary tumor. Samples were immunohistochemically stained for macrophage/monocyte markers Mac387 and CD68.ResultsCRSwNP patients had significantly increased numbers of Mac387 and CD68 cells compared to control patients (P < .05) or CRSsNP patients (P < .01). CRSsNP had significantly increased number of cells staining for CD68 ...
Fat Digestibility by Dairy Calves

Summary The utilization of fat in milk replacers by the dairy calf was studied. When a milk replacer composed predominantly of dried skimmilk was supplemented with tallow, coconut fat, grease, or butter, in the unhomogenized state, the fat was poorly digested. However, the inclusion of crude soybean lecithin in the milk replacer improved the utilization of tallow, coconut fat, and grease. The digestibility of coconut fat was improved to a greater extent than was that of tallow or grease by the inclusion of lecithin in the milk replacer.
Optimal ellipsoids and decomposition of positive definite matrices

Abstract Given a positive definite matrix A, we characterize the unique diagonal matrix D, D ⩾ A , with the smallest determinant. Equivalently, given an ellipsoid A , we characterize the unique ellipsoid of the largest volume contained in A , with principal axes parallel to the coordinate axes.
Dryland and Irrigated Corn Yield with Climate, Management, and Hybrid Changes from 1939 through 2009

Corn (Zea mays L.) yield has increased from about 1.5 Mg ha⁻¹ in the early 1900s to 8.5 Mg ha⁻¹ in the beginning of the 2000s in the United States. Information about yield and management changes in irrigated and dryland corn yields for the hybrid era is scarce. The objective of the present study was to determine the magnitude of yield and management changes in irrigated and dryland corn from 1939 through 2009. Data from selected irrigated and dryland corn performance trials conducted in Kansas from 1939 through 2009 were analyzed. On average, corn yields have increased at rate of 90 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in dryland and 120 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ in irrigated trials. Corn yield changes from one decade to another were not similar for the seven decades considered. Both irrigated and dryland yields increased significantly at least every two decades until the last three, during which dryland yields stagnated. Changes in hybrid technology and changes in crop management factors, such as a decrease in planting and harvesting date by about a quarter of a day yr⁻¹, increased planting density at the rate of 597 plants ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, and increased N and P fertilizer rates by 2.6 and 0.40 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, respectively, were found for the same time period in dryland corn. In addition, climate changes contributed to yield increases in the past through increased total rainfall, average monthly minimum and maximum temperature in March, and decreased maximum temperature from July through September.
The effect of calcium-regulating hormones on transport of calcium across the chorioallantoic membrane of the chicken embryo.

Abstract The hormonal form of vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), parathyroid hormone (PTH), or appropriate vehicle were injected into the yolk sac of eggs of domestic fowl on days 16 and 17 of incubation. The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and overlying inner shell membrane were removed from eggs on day 18 and mounted in a Ussing-type apparatus. Transport of calcium was assessed by monitoring movements of radiolabeled calcium. Transport of calcium from the chorionic aspect of the CAM to the allantoic aspect increased considerably with time for all treatment groups except the one receiving PTH. “Back-flux” of calcium (movement of calcium from the allantoic aspect to the chorionic) was negligible for all treatment groups at all sampling periods. PTH treatment did not affect flux of calcium from allantois to chorion but reduced flux from chorion to allantois considerably. The underlying cause of this effect has not been identified. The hormonal form of vitamin D3 did not affect flux of calcium in either direction. These data raise the possibility that control of calcium transport by the CAM may not be the primary function of the vitamin D hormone.
4He+ ion scattering spectrometry of AlF3, MgF2, NaF and NaCl below 5.0 keV

Abstract 4He+ ion scattering spectra for the compounds NaF, MgF2 and AlF3 have been obtained at incident ion energies between 0.5 and 4.0 keV for the purpose of assesing the scatter sensitivities for these three isoelectronic cations with respect to the fluoride anion. The sensitivities indicate an ordering Na > Mg > Al below 2.5 keV, which is inverted from that which could be surmised from tabulated differential scatter cross sections and instrument parameters. This behavior is rationalized by a shadowing model, in which the physically smaller cations are more easily coordinated by the larger fluorine anions. In NaF which appears to lack appreciable steric shadowing the variation in relative Na/F scatter intensities over the energy range explored is attributed to a difference in neutralization behavior for binary collisions between the species present. A comparison of helium ion scattering from (100) cleavage faces of NaF and NaCl at various beam energies suggests that helium ion scattering from the chloride ion is more susceptible to neutralization than that from fluoride at energies above about 2.0 keV.
Rollback propagation detection and performance evaluation of FTMR2M—a fault-tolerant multiprocessor

In this paper we consider the rollback propagation and the performance of a fault-tolerant multiprocessor with a rollback recovery mechanism (FTMR2M)[1], which was designed to be tolerant of hardware failure with minimum time overhead. Rollback propagation between cooperating processes is usually required to ensure correct recovery from failure. To minimize the waste of processor time and storage overhead required for handling sophisticated rollback propagations, the FTMR2M always keeps one recoverable state. Approaches for evaluating the recovery overhead and analyzing the performance of FTMR2M are presented. Two methods for detecting rollback propagations and multi-step rollbacks between cooperating processes are also proposed.
Parallel memory prediction for fused linear algebra kernels

The performance of many scientific programs is limited by data movement. Loop fusion is one optimization used to increase the speed of memory bound operations. To automate loop fusion for matrix computations, we developed the Build to Order (BTO) compiler. Within BTO, an analytic memory model efficiently and accurately reduces the number of serial loop fusion options considered. In this paper, we extend the model to shared memory parallel machines. We detail the differences between parallel and serial memory use and runtime prediction and explain the changes made to include parallel machines in the model. Analysis of the parallel model's predictions show that when it is included in BTO it will reduce the search space of considered routines.
Rapid Development of Acinetobacter baumannii Resistance to Tigecycline

A 53-year-old woman experienced a multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii urinary tract infection 5 months after undergoing kidney and liver transplantation. The tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for her A. baumannii isolate was 1.5 microg/ml; the patient received 2 weeks of therapy with intravenous tigecycline as a 100-mg loading dose followed by 50 mg every 12 hours, with no lapses in treatment and with resolution of the infection. Three weeks later, MDR A. baumannii was isolated from her sputum in the setting of clinical evidence of pneumonia, and tigecycline was restarted; the tigecycline MIC for the A. baumannii isolate was 2 microg/ml. At approximately the same time, the patient was found to have a paraspinal abscess and spinal osteomyelitis. Cultures of the abscess fluid grew A. baumannii with a tigecycline MIC of 24 microg/ml. A follow-up sputum culture again yielded A. baumannii, but with a tigecycline MIC of 24 microg/ml. Urine culture at that time also grew A. baumannii with a tigecycline MIC of 24 microg/ml. Clinicians should be aware that tigecycline MICs for A. baumannii isolates may increase during therapy with tigecycline after only brief exposure to the drug. Patients receiving tigecycline for Acinetobacter should be monitored for the development of clinical resistance, and isolates should be monitored for evidence of microbiologic resistance.
P300 and Tracking Difficulty: Evidence For Multiple Resources in Dual‐Task Performance

Subjects performed a visual tracking task while performing a concurrent task in which tones were covertly counted. The P300 component of the event-related potentials elicited by the tones was examined to determine the extent to which its amplitude was affected by variations in the forcing-function bandwidth, or difficulty, of the tracking task. P300 decreased in magnitude when tones were counted in conjunction with the performance of the tracking task, relative to a single-task counting condition. Increasing tracking difficulty failed to reduce P300 amplitude further. A second experiment obviated the possibility that movement-related potentials caused the P300 attenuation resulting from the introduction of the tracking task. In Experiment 3, subjects performed a reaction time task in conjunction with tracking in order to establish the validity of the tracking difficulty manipulation. The results are interpreted in terms of a theory of functionally-specific processing resources.
A Learner-Centered Technique and Clinical Reasoning, Reflection, and Case Presentation Attributes in Athletic Training Students

Context: Providing opportunities to develop clinical decision-making skills, including clinical reasoning, is an important aspect of clinical education. The learner-centered technique of summarizin...
Adaptation to vertical displacement of the visual direction

Sixty Ss wore vertically displacing wedge prisms and adapted by looking at their feet for 10 min. Half of them did this while standing and the others in supine position. The latter condition produced adaptation measurable with a visual-motor test and with a test of egocentric localization, but on a purely motoric test no adaptation was apparent. Standing during the adaptation period produced no effect.
Visible light alters yeast metabolic rhythms by inhibiting respiration

Exposure of cells to visible light in nature or in fluorescence microscopy often is considered to be relatively innocuous. However, using the yeast respiratory oscillation (YRO) as a sensitive measurement of metabolism, we find that non-UV visible light has a significant impact on yeast metabolism. Blue/green wavelengths of visible light shorten the period and dampen the amplitude of the YRO, which is an ultradian rhythm of cell metabolism and transcription. The wavelengths of light that have the greatest effect coincide with the peak absorption regions of cytochromes. Moreover, treating yeast with the electron transport inhibitor sodium azide has similar effects on the YRO as visible light. Because impairment of respiration by light would change several state variables believed to play vital roles in the YRO (e.g., oxygen tension and ATP levels), we tested oxygen’s role in YRO stability and found that externally induced oxygen depletion can reset the phase of the oscillation, demonstrating that respiratory capacity plays a role in the oscillation’s period and phase. Light-induced damage to the cytochromes also produces reactive oxygen species that up-regulate the oxidative stress response gene TRX2 that is involved in pathways that enable sustained growth in bright visible light. Therefore, visible light can modulate cellular rhythmicity and metabolism through unexpectedly photosensitive pathways.
Firearm Injury Prevention Training in Preventive Medicine Residency Programs

Preventive medicine plays a central role in the reducing the number of deaths due to preventable causes of premature deaths. General Preventive Medicine Residency programs have not been studied in relation to training in this area. A three-wave mail survey was conducted with email and telephone follow-ups. The outcome measures were the portion of program directors involved in training residents on firearm injury prevention issues and their perceived benefits and barriers of training residents on firearm injury prevention issues. Only 25% of the programs provided formal training on firearm injury prevention. Program directors who provided formal training perceived significantly higher number of benefits to offering such training than did directors who did not provide such training but no significant difference was found between the two for number of perceived barriers. If preventive medicine residency graduates are to play a role in reducing premature morbidity and mortality from firearms it will require more residencies to offer formal training in this area. The Association for Prevention Teaching and Research needs to develop guidelines on specific curriculum topics regarding firearm injury prevention.
Transcriptional regulation in constraints-based metabolic models of Escherichia coli

Full genome sequences enable the construction of genome-scale in silico models of complex cellular functions. Genome-scale constraints-based models of Escherichia coli metabolism have been constructed and used to successfully interpret and predict cellular behavior under a range of conditions. These previous models do not account for regulation of gene transcription and thus cannot accurately predict some organism functions. Here we present an in silico model of the central E. coli metabolism that accounts for regulation of gene expression. This model accounts for 149 genes, the products of which include 16 regulatory proteins and 73 enzymes. These enzymes catalyze 113 reactions, 45 of which are controlled by transcriptional regulation. The combined metabolic/regulatory model can predict the ability of mutant E. coli strains to grow on defined media as well as time courses of cell growth, substrate uptake, metabolic by-product secretion, and qualitative gene expression under various conditions, as indicated by comparison with experimental data under a variety of environmental conditions. The in silico model may also be used to interpret dynamic behaviors observed in cell cultures. This combined metabolic/regulatory model is thus an important step toward the goal of synthesizing genome-scale models that accurately represent E. coli behavior.
Exposure to Indoor Fungi: A New Paradigm

Proteinases alone did not elicit asthma-like disease in the experimental animals. However, mice exposed to Aspergillus niger conidia (spores) via nasal insufflation developed a contained airway mucosal infection (colonization), allergic lung disease, and IgE sensitization to an unrelated antigen. Interleukin-13 and interleukin-5 were required to optimally clear the mucosal infection. Furthermore, eosinophils from the animals showed potent antifungal activity. Proteinase produced by A. niger enhanced airway clearance and was necessary for the allergic inflammation.
High-Performance Nonscanning Fourier-Transform Spectrometer That Uses a Wollaston Prism Array

A high-performance nonscanning Fourier-transform spectrometer is reported that is composed mainly of a Wollaston prism array and a two-dimensional photodetector array. It is a substantial improvement over existing Wollaston prism based nonscanning Fourier-transform spectrometers because it offers finer spectral resolution and smaller size. Such spectrometers will find important applications in remote chemical and biological sensing, environmental monitoring, medical diagnosis, etc. Experimental results are consistent with theoretical analyses.
Auditor rotation and the appearance of independence: Evidence from non-professional investors

Abstract We examine the impact of audit firm versus partner rotation on non-professional investors’ independence-related perceptions, extending prior research on auditor rotation and independence in fact. Arguments for mandatory audit firm rotation continue to be made by regulators and investor groups based, in part, on the idea that firm rotation will incrementally strengthen independence in appearance relative to audit partner rotation. We report the results of two experiments. The first examines 5-year audit firm versus partner rotation under relatively weak or strong audit committees. We find no statistically significant difference in beliefs about how much of an income reducing audit difference management will record, or in beliefs about auditor independence, between the two auditor rotation conditions. On the other hand, we find that non-professional investors do believe more of the audit difference will be recorded, and the auditors will be more independent, under a strong audit committee than a relatively weak audit committee. The second experiment provides further evidence on audit firm versus partner rotation by examining a setting involving a 26-year audit firm–client relationship. Again, no statistically significant differences between the two auditor rotation conditions were found. These findings suggest that compared to audit partner rotation, audit firm rotation does not strengthen independence in appearance among non-professional investors and that non-professional investors recognize the value of strong audit committees.
Exploring Interface Design for Independent Navigation by People with Visual Impairments

Most user studies of navigation applications for people with visual impairments have been limited by existing localization technologies, and appropriate instruction types and information needs have been determined through interviews. Using Wizard-of- Oz navigation interfaces, we explored how people with visual impairments respond to different instruction intervals, precision, output modalities, and landmark use during in situ navigation tasks. We present the results of an experimental study with nine people with visual impairments, and provide direction and open questions for future work on adaptive navigation interfaces.
Measuring productivity in the software industry

Effective IT curricula balances tradition with innovation. One way to enhance that balance is to examine the common threads in the various knowledge areas.
Predicting feedback effects from response-certitude estimates

To test a control model that related feedback and response-certitude estimates, subjects responded to multiple-choice items, received either verification or elaboration feedback, and answered the items again on both immediate and 1-week-delay tests. Feedback study time was linearly related to a discrepancy index that combined initial item status with certitude estimates. For both initial corrects and errors, conditional probabilities of subsequent correct responding were related in a theoretically relevant manner.
THE EFFECT OF DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE ON EARLY PREGNANCY1

THAT the adrenal cortex produces an androgenic substance has been emphasized from time to time by numerous investigators, but definite proof was lacking until Reichstein (i) isolated an androgenic hormone, adrenosterone, from the adrenal cortex, which had one-fifth the potency of the male hormone, androsterone, and; more recently, Hooker and Collins (2) reported comb growth in capons after the use of desoxycorticosterone acetate. Since the androgen, testosterone propionate, interrupted early pregnancy by causing the regression and resorption of the corpora lutea of early pregnancy (3), this investigation was undertaken to determine whether desoxycorticosterone acetate were sufficiently androgenic to similarly affect early pregnancy in mice. The following report shows that desoxycorticosterone acetate will cause regression of the corpora lutea when the animals are injected on the first day of mating. If, however, injections are delayed until approximately 40 hours after mating, both the corpora lutea and e...
Fate of Membrane-bound Reactants and Products during the Activation of Human Prothrombin by Prothrombinase

Membrane binding by prothrombin, mediated by its N-terminal fragment 1 (F1) domain, plays an essential role in its proteolytic activation by prothrombinase. Thrombin is produced in two cleavage reactions. One at Arg320 yields the proteinase meizothrombin that retains membrane binding properties. The second, at Arg271, yields thrombin and severs covalent linkage with the N-terminal fragment 1.2 (F12) region. Covalent linkage with the membrane binding domain is also lost when prethrombin 2 (P2) and F12 are produced following initial cleavage at Arg271. We show that at the physiological concentration of prothrombin, thrombin formation results in rapid release of the proteinase into solution. Product release from the surface can be explained by the weak interaction between the proteinase and F12 domains. In contrast, the zymogen intermediate P2, formed following cleavage at Arg271, accumulates on the surface because of a ∼20-fold higher affinity for F12. By kinetic studies, we show that this enhanced binding adequately explains the ability of unexpectedly low concentrations of F12 to greatly enhance the conversion of P2 to thrombin. Thus, the utilization of all three possible substrate species by prothrombinase is regulated by their ability to bind membranes regardless of whether covalent linkage to the F12 region is maintained. The product, thrombin, interacts with sufficiently poor affinity with F12 so that it is rapidly released from its site of production to participate in its numerous hemostatic functions.
Extension of structure-oriented lumping to vacuum residua

The method of structure-oriented lumping (SOL) for describing the compositions, chemical reactions, and properties of complex hydrocarbon mixtures has been extended to molecules found in vacuum res...
Prevalence of interpersonal abuse in primary care patients prescribed opioids for chronic pain.

Background Interpersonal abuse is associated with clinical problems including chronic pain disorders.
Analgesia with peripheral nerve stimulation: Absence of a peripheral mechanism

Abstract Electrical stimulation of peripheral nerve can bring pain relief to patients suffering from intractable pain of peripheral origin. Some investigators believe that the mechanism responsible for this effect is located in the central nervous system (CNS) while others suggest that it is a peripheral one involving a conduction block in small diameter afferent fibers, thereby preventing the arrival of nociceptive information to the CNS. To determine which of these mechanisms was more likely to be responsible for producing this effect we studied 9 patient volunteers who sought relief from severe chronic, post-traumatic pain in their extremities by stimulation of electrode cuffs implanted on their peripheral nerves. Using normalized stimulation procedures on human nerve and reapplying them to peripheral nerve of the cat, we were able to reconstruct, to a degree of accuracy not previously described in human subjects, the functional events occurring in nerve at the site of stimulation when patients reported pain relief. This effect was reliably induced in 7 of our 9 subjects with a mean relative stimulus intensity of 1.3T, a value insufficient to activate Aδ or C fibers. No conduction failure appeared in A fibers of the cat with prolonged stimulation at 75 Hz at intensities 4 times greater than those causing pain relief in man. Under conditions governed by patient choice there was no evidence that nerve block accounted for the effect. The mechanism appears to depend upon normal conduction of action potentials in large diameter fibers.
Ribosomal-RNA genes in four coniferous species

Abstract The rRNA gene copy number per nucleolar organizer region in related conifer species possessing a uniform chromosome number is proportional to the DNA genome size. The proportion of rRNA genes is higher than in most angiosperms.
Type I and type II error rates for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping studies using recombinant inbred mouse strains.

Effective mapping strategies for quantitative traits must allow for the detection of the more important quantitative trait loci (QTLs) while minimizing false positives. Type I (false-positive) and Type II (false-negative) error rates were estimated from a computer simulation of QTL mapping in the BXD recombinant inbred (RI) set comprising 26 strains of mice, and comparisons made with theoretical predictions. The results are generally applicable to other RI sets when corrections are made for differing strain numbers and marker densities. Regardless of the number or magnitude of simulated QTLs contributing to the trait variance, thep value necessary to provide genome-wide. 05 Type I error protection was found to be aboutp=.0001. To provide adequate protection against both Type I (α=.0001) and Type II (β=.2) errors, a QTL would have to account for more than half of the between-strain (genetic) variance if the BXD or similar set was used alone. In contrast, a two-step mapping strategy was also considered, where RI strains are used as a preliminary screen for QTLs to be specifically tested (confirmed) in an F2 (or other) population. In this case, QTLs accounting for ∼16% of the between-strain variance could be detected with an 80% probability in the BXD set when α=0.2. To balance the competing goals of minimizing Type I and II errors, an economical strategy is to adopt a more stringent α initially for the RI screen, since this requires only a limited genome search in the F2 of the RI-implicated regions (∼10% of the F2 genome whenp<.01 in the RIs). If confirmed QTLs do not account in the aggregate for a sufficient proportion of the genetic variance, then a more relaxed α value can be used in the RI screen to increase the statistical power. This flexibility in setting RI α values is appropriate only when adequate protection against Type I errors comes from the F2 (or other) confirmation test(s).
The Navajo Nation, Diné Archaeologists, Diné Archaeology, and Diné Communities

There are several major considerations for the Navajo Nation that foreground questions of inclusion in public archaeology. The traditional Dine view of archaeological remains requires an evaluation of the public archaeologist’s notion of inclusion of Dine communities in archaeological research. Archaeological work on the Navajo Nation is also often a source of frustration for Dine communities because a shortage of human and monetary resources slows the pace of legislated archaeological compliance, in turn, slowing down vital housing and road infrastructural development. Finally, for Dine archaeologists, the structure of project development is not necessarily conducive to the creation of an intellectual foundation for Dine archaeology or community engagement in archaeological research.
Regional brain glucose utilization following intrastriatal injections of kainic acid

Abstract Regional brain glucose utilization following intrastriatal injections of kainic acid (KA) was studied by [ 14 C]deoxyglucose autoradiography. In halothane anesthetized rats intrastriatal injections of 0.5–1.9 nmol KA produced histological lesions characterized by neuronal necrosis and glial reaction which varied in volume from approximately 3 to 25 cu. mm. These lesions were restricted to the striatal injection site. Intrastriatal injections of 3.8 nmol led to large lesions in striatum but also in ipsilateral hippocampus, pyriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, and amygdaloid nuclei. Injection doses of 0.5–3.8 nmol KA produced a large increase in striatal glucose utilization within 1 h; 7 days after injections however, glucose utilization was reduced below control levels in a dose-dependent manner. In addition to striatum there were large transient increases in glucose utilization in deep layers of frontal cortex, substantia nigra pars reticulata, ventral tier nuclei of thalamus, and lateral septum. Each of these structures bear close physical or synaptic proximity to the striatal injection site. Also, structures far distant from the striatal injection site exhibited large, transient, dose-dependent increases in glucose utilization; these regions included hippocampus, pyriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, and amygdaloid nuclei. There was a close correlation between the development of areas of neuronal necrosis and a reduction in glucose utilization. These results suggest that intrastriatal injections of KA may cause metabolic and perhaps electrical activation not only of structures near of synaptically connected to the injection site, but also of far distant, but particularly ‘sensitive’ brain structures probably by diffusion of small amounts of drug. The occurence of neuronal death in limbic structures after injections of relatively high doses of KA into striatum may result from prolonged firing in those circuits which continues without the prolonged presence of KA. The use of KA as a lesioning tool requires careful histological controls. The lack of such controls renders some behavioral and pharmacological studies of KA-lesioned animals difficult to interpret.
High-temperature stability of monazite-alumina composites

Abstract The chemical and morphological stability and debonding characteristics of monazite/alumina interfaces were examined at temperatures of 1400 and 1600 °C. In the absence of impurities, the interface was found to be stable for long periods (24 h) at 1600 °C and to retain its ability to prevent crack growth by debonding. However, in the presence of alkali metal or divalent elements (K, Mg, Ca and others) at a free surface, La-containing β-alumina-magnetoplumbite platelets form near the interface. It is proposed that these elements stabilize the β-alumina-magnetoplumbite structure by tending to form the more stable ‘stuffed’ structure closer to the magnetoplumbit type.
Neotectonism along the Atlantic passive continental margin: A review

Abstract An extensive body of geologic data including the modern state of stress, historical seismicity, surface and subsurface stratigraphy, numerical models of crustal deformation, surficial geomorphic systems, and historical precise leveling and tidal gauge records constrain the style and rate of neotectonic deformation for the Appalachians and Atlantic passive continental margin. There are two major styles of neotectonism in the eastern United States. The northeastern United States is dominated by isostatic uplift and northward migration of peripheral bulge collapse in response to deglaciation. This locally rapid, but decreasing rate of deformation is superimposed upon slower, long-term deformation along the Atlantic margin. Most of the long-term, continental margin deformation is attributed to lithospheric flexuring in response to sediment loading in sedimentary basins (especially the Baltimore Canyon Trough and Carolina Trough), isostatic deformation in response to continental denudation and water loading of the shelf, and stress from far-field plate tectonic sources. Significant deformational features include an uplift anomaly near Cape Fear, N.C.; northward and southward tilting of the Coastal Plain into the Salisbury and Southeast Georgia Embayments respectively; seaward tilting of the Coastal Plain/Piedmont, and a complex pattern of postglacial uplift and later subsidence in the northeast. Estimates of vertical crustal velocities for similar locations vary over several orders of magnitude. Measurement interval bias and systematic leveling errors may account for some of the discrepancies. Evidence for periodic deformation in the eastern United States in substantial and it is possible that historic data indicate a period of accelerated deformation along the Atlantic continental margin.
Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder: the "good omen" comet

Abstract Background: As emergency physicians perform bedside ultrasound with greater frequency, greater numbers of incidental and potentially unfamiliar sonographic findings will be encountered. Objectives: Illustrate, discuss, and briefly review literature regarding one such finding and diagnosis in right upper quadrant sonography. Case Report: A middle-aged woman was evaluated in the Emergency Department for abdominal pain. Limited bedside sonography of the gallbladder revealed mural thickening and comet-tailing. A diagnosis of adenomyomatosis was made. Conclusion: Gallbladder adenomyomatosis can produce ultrasound findings similar to those of more serious and emergent gallbladder diseases. Cognizance of the sonographic details and typical clinical characteristics will allow the emergency physician to appropriately assess and disposition patients with this condition.
Dyslipidemias and the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease

Dyslipidemias in patients with coronary heart disease confer a greater risk of ischemic cardiac events than comparable dyslipidemias in people free of disease. A major dyslipidemia can be diagnosed in more than 80% of patients with established premature coronary heart disease. These dyslipidemias constitute not only elevations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia) but also indicate abnormalities in the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins, and lipoprotein(a). Clinical trials have demonstrated that therapy to lower low-density lipoprotein levels can delay angiographic progression of coronary stenoses and reduce recurrent cardiac event rates. These clinical benefits from low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering may occur as early as 6 to 12 months after initiation of therapy. Intervention strategies for dyslipidemias are directed toward lowering the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction to 90 to 100 mg/dl. This approach begins with dietary modification, weight loss, smoking cessation, and aerobic exercise. Patients with hypercholesterolemia refractory to nonpharmacologic intervention require lipid-lowering agents. The choice of lipid-lowering medications is influenced by concomitant abnormalities of lipoprotein metabolism, such as hypertriglyceridemia or hypoalphalipoproteinemia. Treatment of primary dyslipidemias other than hypercholesterolemia may be warranted in the presence of other cardiac risk factors; however, a broader spectrum of clinical trial data is needed to support or refute this contention.
Calcium phosphate content does not affect stone-free rate after percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Purpose: Recent research suggests that the stone-free rate for percutaneous nephrostolithotomy is lower in patients with calcium phosphate stones than in those with stones of other compositions. We reviewed our percutaneous nephrostolithotomy outcomes to investigate this unexplained finding.Materials and Methods: A total of 188 patients with sufficient data available for review underwent unilateral percutaneous nephrostolithotomy at our institution between September 2005 and May 2007. Patients were analyzed based on stone burden (including 2 cm or less, greater than 2 cm, partial staghorn calculus and complete staghorn calculus). Stones were also stratified by calcium phosphate content (0%, 1% to 10%, 11% to 60% and greater than 60%). To remain consistent with the previous study procedural failure was classified as greater than 2 mm residual stone fragments identified by unenhanced computerized tomography on postoperative day 1 regardless of the ultimate stone-free rate after secondary procedures. Multiva...
Maria Montessori on speech education

Maria Montessori's theory of education is examined with emphasis upon its implications for the speech‐communication development of children. Detailed in the article are: (1) Mon‐tessori's theory of speech and language acquisition, (2) her pedagogical procedure for teaching spoken vocabulary, and (3) the educational environment she suggests which supports children's free interaction and facilitates their development into willing, confident communicators.
Therapists and the Clinical Use of Forgiveness.

Abstract The literature indicates a growing interest in the phenomenon of forgiveness and its implication for therapeutic practice. However, empirical research and formal theory about forgiveness and methodologies for their use with clients are practically nonexistent. Certified clinical members of the American Association of Marital and Family Therapists in the Maryland area rated their level of development of techniques to assist clients in forgiving themselves, forgiving others, and seeking forgiveness for wrongdoing. Therapists' openness to client religiosity and age of therapists explained approximately 26% of the variance. Gender, educational level, and personal religiosity of the therapists showed no significant relationship. Implications for direct family practice and theory development are discussed.
DIFFERENCES IN ITEM PERFORMANCE ACROSS GROUPS

An analysis of the Graduate Management Admission Test was undertaken to isolate factors that make some items unexpectedly easy or difficult for minority candidates relative to the majority candidate, a young male Caucasian of U. S. citizenship. Minority groups were selected within the following dimensions: sex, ethnic background or race, age, and language fluency. Fourteen pairwise group comparisons were completed and all sections of a current test form analyzed. The group comparisons were of item difficulty. An iterative technique was adopted to determine a line of best fit for plots of difficulty for one group against difficulty for another. Empirical criteria were established for identifying outlying items as unexpectedly easy or difficult. In addition to describing the study and its results, the research report includes a discussion of how the methodology may be extended to the simultaneous comparison of any number of groups and an analysis of the sampling error in calculations of item difficulty.
When CS 1 is biology 1: crossdisciplinary collaboration as CS context

We present the curriculum, deployment, and initial evaluation of a course, BioCS1, designed to serve as CS1 and Biology1 for majors of either (or both) disciplines. Cotaught by professors in both fields, BioCS1 interweaves fundamental biology and computational topics in a manner similar to contextual approaches to CS1. In contrast to other contextual approaches, however, BioCS1 emphasizes both CS and its context equally. The results suggest that cross-disciplinary collaborations can succeed at the introductory level, as they have at later stages of the curriculum.
Emplacement of the Santa Rita Flat pluton as a pluton-scale saddle reef

Regional mapping indicates that the Middle Jurassic Santa Rita Flat pluton, exposed in the Inyo Range of eastern California, is situated within the core of a south-plunging synform defined by bedding in the surrounding metasedimentary wall rocks, which dip beneath the pluton. However, bedding in rocks preserved above the pluton defines a south-plunging antiform. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility analysis revealed that magnetic foliation within the pluton also defines a south-plunging antiform, and the accompanying magnetic lineation plunges subparallel to the axis of this antiform. Our data indicate that the pluton was initially intruded as a sill in the hinge zone of the enveloping synform. Subsequent vertical inflation of the sill resulted in upward doming of the overlying roof and formation of the antiform now observed at the current erosion level in the pluton and preserved roof rocks. Emplacement of the pluton at 164 ± 1.5 Ma (U-Pb zircon age) overlaps in time with regional thrust faulting and folding ca. 185–148 Ma recognized in the southern Inyo Range. We speculate that space for initial emplacement of the pluton was produced during folding by layer-parallel slip and hinge-zone dilation, producing a saddle reef-like structure.
Plasma Concentration of C-Reactive Protein and the Calculated Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score

Background— Although C-reactive protein (CRP) predicts vascular risk, few data are available evaluating the relation between CRP and the Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score (FCRS). Methods and Results— CRP levels were compared with calculated 10-year FCRS in a cross-sectional survey of 1666 individuals free of cardiovascular disease. Among men and women not using hormone replacement therapy (HRT), CRP levels were significantly related to 10-year Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk categories [total cholesterol (TC) score for men and women: r=0.29 and r=0.22, respectively; LDL cholesterol score for men and women: r=0.29 and r=0.22, respectively, all probability values <0.01]. However, CRP levels correlated minimally with individual components of the FCRS, which included age (rmen=0.17, rwomen=−0.003), TC (rmen=−0.02, rwomen=−0.006), HDL-C (rmen=0.13), LDL-C (rmen=−0.0002, rwomen=0.012), blood pressure (rmen=0.18, rwomen=0.22), diabetes (rmen=0.10, rwomen=0.07), and smoking (rmen=0.16, rwomen=0....
John Chrysostom and the Subintroductae

When physical affections are destroyed and tyrannical desire extinguished, then no hindrance will any longer stand in the way of men and women being together, because all evil suspicion will be cleared away and all who have entered the kingdom of heaven can maintain the way of life of the angels and spiritual powers, through the grace and love of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom with the Father and the Holy Spirit be glory, honor, and dominion from age to age. Amen.1