cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Direct evaluation of singular boundary integrals in two-dimensional biharmonic analysis

Development of techniques to provide rapid and accurate evaluation of the integrations required in boundary element method (BEM) formulations are receiving more attention in the literature. In this work, a series of direct expressions for surface integrals, required for a boundary element solution of the non-homogeneous biharmonic over a general two-dimensional curvilinear surface, are presented. The concept of an isoparametric representation, usually applied to the variation of the field variables and the geometry, is extended to the parametric mapping of the curvilinear geometry. The result renders the typically complicated Jacobian function into a series of polynomial expressions based on the shape function set and several discrete Jacobian values. An application of the isoparametric approximation of the Jacobian for a quadratic element representation is developed. Implementation of this approximation significantly improves the accuracy of the boundary integral solution by eliminating error associated with numerical quadrature. Overall computational efficiency is improved by reducing the time necessary to calculate individual surface integrals and evaluate field variables at internal points. A numerical solution of the boundary integral equations of phenomena governed by the biharmonic equation is presented and compared with an exact analysis.
The Combinatorics of Cache Misses during Matrix Multiplication

In this paper we construct an analytic model of cache misses during matrix multiplication. The analysis in this paper applies to square matrices of size 2m where the array layout function is given in terms of a function ? that interleaves the bits in the binary expansions of the row and column indices. We first analyze the number of cache misses for direct-mapped caches and then indicate how to extend this analysis to A-way associative caches. The work in this paper accomplishes two things. First, we construct fast algorithms to estimate the number of cache misses. Second, we develop a theoretical understanding of cache misses that will allow us, in subsequent work, to approach the problem of minimizing cache misses by appropriately choosing the bit interleaving function that goes into the array layout function.
Incomplete Acquisition in Bilingualism: Re‐examining the Age Factor by MONTRUL, SILVINA A

The article reviews the book "Incomplete Acquisition in Bilingualism: Re-Examining the Age Factor" by Silvina A. Montrul.
Satellites for Maritime Applications

It is shown that communication satellites can provide significant economic benefits to shipping company operations and alleviate the problems of distress alerting, search and rescue, and losses due to collisions, groundings, and heavy weather damage. Emphasis is placed upon both the application of space technology to minimize present service deficiencies and the costs and benefits of this new application. It is concluded that while maritime service satellites appear to be viable technically and economically, there is a substantial amount of analysis, definition, and development work yet to be accomplished.
Onset of convection in fluids with strongly temperature-dependent, power-law viscosity

The onset of convection in the power-law creep regime on the terrestrial planets and icy satellites is poorly constrained. The major difficulty is that the viscosity of power-law fluids approaches infinity when the perturbation amplitudes approach zero and thus the methods of linear theory are inapplicable. Here, we determine the critical Rayleigh number for the onset of convection by starting in the convective regime and gradually decreasing the Rayleigh number in small increments until the solution collapses to the conductive state. For Newtonian viscosity, this approach constraints the subcritical branch and determines the critical Rayleigh number for the cessation of convection. For power-law viscosity, this gives a perturbation-independent critical Rayleigh number below which no steady-state convection solution can exist. The calculations are performed in the stagnant lid regime of temperature-dependent viscosity convection and for several values of the stress exponent. The results approximately agree with earlier theoretical estimates. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Expression of Arabidopsis CAX1 in Tobacco: Altered Calcium Homeostasis and Increased Stress Sensitivity

Calcium (Ca 2+ ) efflux from the cytosol modulates Ca 2+ concentrations in the cytosol, loads Ca 2+ into intracellular compartments, and supplies Ca 2+ to organelles to support biochemical functions. The Ca 2+ /H + antiporter CAX1 (for CALCIUM EXCHANGER 1 ) of Arabidopsis is thought to be a key mediator of these processes. To clarify the regulation of CAX1 , we examined CAX1 RNA expression in response to various stimuli. CAX1 was highly expressed in response to exogenous Ca 2+ . Transgenic tobacco plants expressing CAX1 displayed symptoms of Ca 2+ deficiencies, including hypersensitivity to ion imbalances, such as increased magnesium and potassium concentrations, and to cold shock, but increasing the Ca 2+ in the media abrogated these sensitivities. Tobacco plants expressing CAX1 also demonstrated increased Ca 2+ accumulation and altered activity of the tonoplast-enriched Ca 2+ /H + antiporter. These results emphasize that regulated expression of Ca 2+ /H + antiport activity is critical for normal growth and adaptation to certain stresses.
Bidirectional lightcuts

Scenes modeling the real-world combine a wide variety of phenomena including glossy materials, detailed heterogeneous anisotropic media, subsurface scattering, and complex illumination. Predictive rendering of such scenes is difficult; unbiased algorithms are typically too slow or too noisy. Virtual point light (VPL) based algorithms produce low noise results across a wide range of performance/accuracy tradeoffs, from interactive rendering to high quality offline rendering, but their bias means that locally important illumination features may be missing.We introduce a bidirectional formulation and a set of weighting strategies to significantly reduce the bias in VPL-based rendering algorithms. Our approach, bidirectional lightcuts, maintains the scalability and low noise global illumination advantages of prior VPL-based work, while significantly extending their generality to support a wider range of important materials and visual cues. We demonstrate scalable, efficient, and low noise rendering of scenes with highly complex materials including gloss, BSSRDFs, and anisotropic volumetric models.
An improved instrumented indentation technique for single microfibers

We describe an improved experimental approach for characterizing the elastic modulus and hardness of single microfibers through instrumented indentation. A sample mounting technique on a curved surface is presented that ensures contact between an unmodified fiber and substrate. The indentation analysis considers three separate corrections to the well-known Oliver and Pharr method: (i) overestimation of the projected contact area due to sample curvature, (ii) overestimation of projected contact area due to substrate curvature, and (iii) underestimation of fiber stiffness due to the structural compliance of the sample. The method is applied to four types of high performance ballistic fibers: KM2 Plus, Twaron, AuTx, and Dyneema; the results are presented according to both the modified analyses as well as the standard Oliver and Pharr analysis. The modified analyses resulted in an increase in the elastic modulus and hardness of up to 35 and 60%, respectively, compared to the Oliver-Pharr method. The technique has the potential to be applied to single microfilaments under various environmental conditions that may otherwise be compromised by traditional fiber mounting methods.
Idiocy and longevity: a brief note.

Evidence suggests that institutionalized idiots conform generally to the same pattern of longevity found among normals and that they do so under circumstances of assumed minimal stimulation.
Might Someone See? The Effect of Psychological Entitlement and Performance Monitoring on Production and Misreporting

Performance monitoring is a common tool used to align the goals of employees with those of owners. However, responses to monitoring mechanisms are likely to vary based on individual characteristics. This study examines how the increasingly prevalent personality trait of psychological entitlement interacts with performance monitoring to affect production and misreporting. Psychological entitlement, a stable and pervasive sense that one deserves and is entitled to more than others regardless of one’s actions, affects individuals’ interpersonal styles and motivations. Using a paper-based maze task, we find that for individuals who do not expect their performance to be monitored, production (misreporting) is lower (greater) as psychological entitlement increases. This result supports extant literature showing a correlation between psychological entitlement and negative organizational outcomes. In contrast, for individuals who have an expectation of performance monitoring, production (misreporting) is greater (lower) as psychological entitlement increases. Supplemental analysis provides evidence that psychologically entitled individuals’ heightened sensitivity to the opinions of others leads to an increase in impression management strategies when performance monitoring is expected. Our results suggest that performance monitoring is not only effective at limiting negative organizational outcomes of psychological entitlement, but can even bring out positive organizational outcomes for the entitled.
Systemic fungal infections: diagnosis and treatment. I. Paracoccidioidomycosis.

Abstract Paracoccidioidomycosis is the designation for the disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. It is a disease of great importance in Latin America and constitutes an important diagnosis for consideration in patients from endemic areas who have pulmonary or systemic disease compatible with fungal infection. In the laboratory, basic work has uncovered important interactions between the fungus and the human sex steroid system. These studies may have important implications in our approach to this and other infectious diseases.
Abstract B01: B cell lymphoma 9 mediates a cross talk between the canonical Wnt and EGFR signaling in breast cancer

Human ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are the most common type of non-invasive breast cancers. The five-year survival rate for women diagnosed with non-invasive DCIS is 98% while the five-year survival plummets to 83-27% for breast cancers that have become invasive and have spread to distant sites [also referred to as invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC)]. To study DCIS pathobiology and factors that promote their transition to IDC, we have developed a novel in vivo DCIS model, MIND (mouse-intraductal), that involves intraductal injection of epithelial cells derived from primary human DCIS biopsy and surgical samples thus mimicking the entire process of DCIS to IDC transition. As a complementary approach, we have utilized human DCIS/IDC tandem lesions, which are patient DCIS that show a transition to IDC within the same breast. Analysis of RNA and protein at distinct stages of in situ to IDC using both models showed B cell lymphoma-9 (BCL9) up-regulation to be associated with DCIS transition to IDC. BCL9 is a recently identified co-activator of Wnt-stimulated beta-catenin-mediated transcription. Our studies showed that in vivo silencing of BCL9 led to inhibition of DCIS invasion and reversal of EMT. We have also demonstrated a direct binding interaction between BCL9 and beta-catenin and showed suppression of beta-catenin-mediated transcription by BCL9 knockdown. Analysis of patient DCIS samples revealed a significant correlation between high nuclear BCL9 expression and pathologic characteristics associated with DCIS recurrence: Estrogen receptor (ER) negative and Ki67. Furthermore, analysis of the TCGA data showed BCL9 gene to be upregulated in 26% of breast cancers. This is a significant gene alteration when compared to HER2 (ERBB2) gene (19%) and estrogen receptor (ESR1) gene (8%) alterations in breast cancers. Interestingly, a significantly higher proportion of basal like invasive breast cancers compared to luminal breast cancers showed BCL9 amplification suggesting that BCL9 may predispose to the development of basal breast cancers. We have performed an RPPA analysis on our DCIS cell lines KD BCL9 vs. control. This analysis indicated that BCL9 KD showed down-regulation in a number of genes in the EGFR signaling pathway including p-EGFR, p-HER2, p-STAT3, and p-Src. Conclusion: BCL9 is a molecular driver of DCIS invasive progression. The molecular mechanism for BCL99s role in breast cancer progression is through the enhancement in the canonical Wnt and EGFR signaling. Citation Format: Hanan Elsarraj, Hong Yan, Jennifer Knapp, Anna Tsimelzon, Shixia Huang, Andrew Godwin, Sue Hilsenbeck, Dean Edwards, Fariba Behbod. B cell lymphoma 9 mediates a cross talk between the canonical Wnt and EGFR signaling in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research; Oct 17-20, 2015; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(2_Suppl):Abstract nr B01.
Biostatistics; and why.

Some guideposts along the road leading to a happier symbiosis of clinician and statistician are presented in this article. These include points to be considered in the planning of a clinical trial if its outcome is to have statistical (and so scientific) validity and the need for control of all possible aberrant variables to make observed differences referable to the factors tested.
Major Approaches to and Theorists of Narrative

One of the most striking commonalities of handbooks for writers of fiction and theoretical works for advanced students lies in the evasiveness of their opening gambits of definition. Narrative fiction … what exactly is it? Neither sort of work typically comes right out and states a plain definition of narrative fiction; both assume that readers already recognize narrative and, more particularly, the fictional kinds of narrative. For definitions the advanced student turns to dictionaries and specialized texts, and here the consensus begins to break down. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) refers the inquisitive to Scottish law, where narrative means ‘that part of a deed or document which contains a statement of the relevant or essential facts.’ (From this Scottish source, according to the OED, the words ‘narrative’ and ‘narrate’ enter common parlance around the middle of the eighteenth century.) This definition gives primacy to the documentary nature of narrative and clearly leaves out fiction. For narrative as fiction, the OED offers ‘[a]n account or narration; a history, tale, story, recital (of facts, etc.),’ which brings in oral narration and several examples of narratives real and fictitious. Finally, the OED offers ‘narrative,’ without an article, as ‘the practice or act of narrating; something to narrate.’ Here the emphasis falls on the implicit narrator: narrative is what the narrator does and what the narrator tells. Related definitions fill in more of the picture: in classical rhetoric, narration is the part of an oration in which the facts are stated; the etymology of the verb ‘narrate’ (to relate, recount) suggests derivation from a root meaning ‘skilled’ and ‘knowing.’
Selecting control input type for a building predictive controller integrated in a power grid

Application of Model Predictive Control (MPC) for a Smart Building in a Smart Grid environment is studied by using an experimentally validated building thermal model. The goal is to compare three control input types for an office building's Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, and select the control type with the best performance. Three types of MPC control input are considered for the HVAC system: (1) solitary control over the supply air temperature, (2) solitary control over the air mass flow rate, and (3) combined control over the supply air temperature and mass flow rate. An objective function is defined based on an introduced Normalized Performance Index (NP-Index) which balances price minimization while maintaining a balanced steady load profile in the grid which benefits customers and the distribution grid utility. The results show that using the combined control approach leads to 20% improvement on NP-Index compared to the solitary mass flow rate control. Additionally, controlling both the supply air temperature and air mass flow rate reduces power consumption by 4% and 13% compared to solitary air temperature control and solitary air mass flow rate control, respectively.
Silver Sulfadiazine Retards Wound Healing and Increases Hypertrophic Scarring in a Rabbit Ear Excisional Wound Model.

This study evaluated the effects of topical use of silver sulfadiazine cream (SSD) on wound healing and subsequent scarring in a rabbit ear wound model. Seven millimeter full-thickness excisional wounds were created in rabbit ears. Twenty-four rabbits were randomized into four groups in which each group received base cream, 0.01% SSD, 0.1% SSD, or 1% SSD, respectively. Each treatment was applied at 2-day intervals from postoperative days (PODs) 2 to 14. At POD 7, half of the rabbits from each group were killed and tissues were harvested to measure wound healing parameters that included epithelial gap and granulation area. At POD 28, the remaining rabbits from each group were assessed for hypertrophic scarring. Epithelial gaps in SSD-treated groups at concentrations of 0.1 and 1% were significantly larger than those of base cream-treated controls. In contrast, analysis of granulation areas that represent volume of granulation tissue formed during healing did not show any statistical differences between the base cream-treated group and all three SSD-treated groups. At POD 28, when compared to the base cream-treated group (1.44 ± 0.03), SSD-treated-groups (0.1 and 1%) had more (P < .05) hypertrophic scar formation (scar elevation index = 1.65 ± 0.04, 0.1%; 1.63 ± 0.06, 1%). The results of this study demonstrate that SSD treatment contributes not only to impaired reepithelialization but also to a greater hypertrophic scar formation. These results also indicate that caution should be exercised when using SSD clinically to prevent or treat wound infections.
The Affective Subject: Emmanuel Levinas and Michel Henry on the Role of Affect in the Constitution of Subjectivity

In this essay, I develop an affective account of subjectivity that draws on two important philosophers within the phenomenological tradition. Many claim that the philosophies of Emmanuel Levinas and Michel Henry are entirely opposed to one another. Levinas is typically thought of as a philosopher of transcendence, while Henry is typically thought of as a philosopher of immanence. By attending to the role that affect plays in the work of both thinkers, I demonstrate that traces of immanence can be located in Levinas, while traces of transcendence can be located in Henry. What this account shows is that the self, because it is affective, is unique and set apart from the world, but also porous and open to being affected by others.
Research Becomes You: Cultivating EdD Students’ Identities as Educational Leaders and Researchers and a “Learning by Doing” Meta-Study

We examined how end-of-first-year students in a Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate (CPED)-affiliated EdD program were developing professional identities as educational leaders and research...
A case report curriculum to promote scholarship

SummaryBackground Engaging in scholarly activity during residency can facilitate the acquisition of important skills; however, residents may encounter barriers such as unclear expectations as to what constitutes scholarship, a paucity of dedicated time and a lack of mentorship. Residents may encounter barriers such as unclear expectations as to what constitutes scholarship Objective In July 2013, we developed a Case Report Curriculum (CRC) for first-year residents to guide them towards creating a high-quality case report and helping them to achieve the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education scholarly activity requirement. Methods The CRC is composed of four 1-hour educational sessions (seminars and group work) at intervals of 4–6 weeks, with specific homework assignments. Sessions are divided into four topics: (1) importance of scholarship and selecting a case; (2) defining appropriate learning objectives; (3) writing a discussion; and (4) editing and submitting. The culmination of the CRC is a poster competition at our institutional Academic Week. Results In 2012/13, the year prior to CRC implementation, six of 18 (33%) first-year residents participated in scholarly activity. During the following 2 years, 20 of 20 (100%) of the 2013/14 first-year residents and 21 of 22 (95%) of the 2014/15 first-year residents participated in the CRC and presented a case report. Furthermore, 16 of 20 (80%) of the first-year residents who completed the CRC in 2013/14 voluntarily continued to work on scholarly projects, with a total of 44 projects published or presented regionally or nationally. Discussion The CRC represents a practical structured framework for promoting scholarship, which can be easily implemented in a residency programme.
A comparative experimental study of IOR potential in fractured shale reservoirs by cyclic water and nitrogen gas injection

Abstract Oil production from tight and shale formations accounted for more than half of total U.S. oil production in 2015 ( EIA, 2016 ). Such amount is expected to grow significantly as the active development of low permeability reservoirs continues. Since the primary recovery is becoming less effective and large amounts of oil are locked in matrix, IOR techniques should be considered to face such challenge. Many recent studies have evaluated the potential of gas injection in shale plays. However, few studies discussed the feasibility of water huff-n-puff process. This study evaluated the potential of cyclic water injection (CWI) in shale plugs and compared it with the performance of cyclic gas injection (CGI). Eagle Ford core samples were used in this study and saturated with dead shale oil. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was employed to analyze the mineral composition of the sample. To reduce clay swelling, 5 wt% of potassium chloride (KCl) solution was used as the injection fluid in CWI tests. Two groups of experiments were performed to examine the effects of soaking time and injection pressure (P in ) on the recovery performance. For one cycle of huff-n-puff, after reaching the P in , the core plug was soaked with water for a certain time, then the surrounding pressure was released to enter the production period. Under the same operating conditions, CGI tests were conducted to compare the two IOR performances. The CWI experimental results show that soaking time affects the recovery factor (RF) of a single cycle within a certain range, which was similarly concluded from the CGI tests. Injection pressure can affect the recovery performance of CWI significantly. For example, after performing 12 cycles of water huff-n-puff, the RF for tests with P in of 1000 psi and 5000 psi were 14% and 21%, respectively. When applying 5000 psi, fractures were created on the plug and the size enlarged with further cycles operated. Comparing the two processes of CWI and CGI, different recovery characters can be observed. CWI showed the recovery potential at the first four cycles, and then the incremental oil recovery decreased dramatically in the subsequent cycles. By contrast, CGI presented a more continuous and steady recovery performance with high incremental RF, and then gradually diminished after seven cycles of huff-n-puff processes.
Risk feature assessment of readmission for diabetes

About 382 million people have Diabetes in 2013, and the International Diabetes Federation estimated that there are 4.9 million people died from Diabetes in 2014. Diabetes continues to be a chronic disease plagued by frequent hospital readmissions. In order to better understand the risk features impacting readmissions for future prevention and management, in this study, we programmatically analyzed a large clinical dataset containing more than 100,000 clinical records for diabetes patients from 130 US hospitals. Specifically, we developed three different machine learning algorithms, Logistic Regression, Random Forest and manipulated Random Forest to identify and prioritize the most significant risk features. By comparing the results generated by these three methods, the manipulated Random Forest illustrates greater capacity of generating a more complete and concrete list of readmission related risk features. Such method is generalizable and can be applied in other disease oriented studies.
Principles of microsurgery

Summary Although a basic understanding of the principles of microsurgical technique, skills, and instruments is important in the development of microsurgical technique, nothing replaces the benefits of the actual clinical experience. The major reason is the special environment and challenges that await the surgeon who performs microsurgical techniques in the oral and maxillofacial region. The surgeon should apply his or her basic knowledge skills to laboratory experiences, including learning the theoretical and practical portions of microvascular and microneu-rosurgery. A laboratory experience should be followed by the performance of clinical microsurgical procedures with an experienced microsurgeon. No one technique or instrument works for all microsurgeons, but adherence to the basic principles defined in this article lays the groundwork for success in microsurgery.
Effect of Storage Time and Temperature on Fresh Unprocessed Cord Blood.

Studies on the optimal conditions to store fresh cord blood (CB) in order to optimise haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) recovery prior to processing and cryopreservation have produced conflicting data. In this study we investigate the effects of time and temperature on CB HSC after collection. We also investigate whether the process of cryopreservation and thawing aggravates stress created by storage prior to cryopreservation. 30 CB units were collected and transported to the laboratory within 5 hours of collection. An aliquot of each CB unit was tested for nucleated cell count (NCC), CD34 count, CD34 viability and CFU-GEMM, and then frozen with 10% DMSO. Each CB unit was then separated into three 10 ml portions and incubated at 3 different temperatures (4–8°C, 21–24°C and 29–31°C). After 24, 36 or 48 hours, samples were taken and tested. An aliquot of each of the portions was then cryopreserved. After a minimum of 1 week, the cryopreserved samples were thawed and tested. For fresh samples incubated for 24 hrs or 36 hrs there was no difference over time when CB was incubated at 4–8°C, whereas, at temperatures above 20°C, there was either a trend or significant decrease in CD34 and CFU colonies with time. For thawed samples, viable CD34 and CFU colonies were decreased below baseline at either one or both 24 hr and 36 hr time points. This was particularly apparent for CFU colony measurements for samples kept at 29–31°C. At 48 hrs, at each of the temperature ranges (4–8°C, 21–24°C and 29–31°C), CFU were significantly lower for fresh (21.1, 16.8 and 14.0; baseline 31.0) and thawed (9.3, 8.5 and 3.0; baseline 2.7) samples and viable CD34 were significantly lower for thawed (2.0, 2.46 and 1.8; baseline 2.7) samples respectively (p
Plate tectonic regulation of global marine animal diversity

Valentine and Moores [Valentine JW, Moores EM (1970) Nature 228:657-659] hypothesized that plate tectonics regulates global biodiversity by changing the geographic arrangement of continental crust, but the data required to fully test the hypothesis were not available. Here, we use a global database of marine animal fossil occurrences and a paleogeographic reconstruction model to test the hypothesis that temporal patterns of continental fragmentation have impacted global Phanerozoic biodiversity. We find a positive correlation between global marine invertebrate genus richness and an independently derived quantitative index describing the fragmentation of continental crust during supercontinental coalescence-breakup cycles. The observed positive correlation between global biodiversity and continental fragmentation is not readily attributable to commonly cited vagaries of the fossil record, including changing quantities of marine rock or time-variable sampling effort. Because many different environmental and biotic factors may covary with changes in the geographic arrangement of continental crust, it is difficult to identify a specific causal mechanism. However, cross-correlation indicates that the state of continental fragmentation at a given time is positively correlated with the state of global biodiversity for tens of millions of years afterward. There is also evidence to suggest that continental fragmentation promotes increasing marine richness, but that coalescence alone has only a small negative or stabilizing effect. Together, these results suggest that continental fragmentation, particularly during the Mesozoic breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea, has exerted a first-order control on the long-term trajectory of Phanerozoic marine animal diversity.
Theological Audacity, Analogical Relationality, and Religions

Chapter 7 is a study of Barth’s theological audacity and dialectical theory of religion in respect to comparative theology, in which the analogical mode of thought (Anselm) and role of Feuerbach are explicated in Barth’s understanding of revelation and religion. I seek to develop Barth’s analogical mode of thought in light of analogical relationality in critical exegesis of his complicated theology of the speech-act in analogia relationis, in critical view of the Catholic teaching of analogia entis.
Basion-Cartilaginous Dens Interval: An Imaging Parameter for Craniovertebral Junction Assessment in Children.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Widening of the basion-dens interval is an important sign of cranioverterbral junction injury. The current literature on basion-dens interval in children is sparse and based on bony measurements with variable values. Our goal was to establish the normal values of a recently described new imaging parameter, the basion–cartilaginous dens interval in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred healthy pediatric patients (0–10 years of age) were selected retrospectively. These patients were divided into 3 different groups: A (0–3 years), B (3–6 years), and C (6–10 years). The basion–cartilaginous dens interval was calculated on the sagittal MPR image of cervical spine CT in a soft-tissue window. The mean, SD, and the upper limit of normal (mean +2 SDs) of the 3 groups were calculated, and statistical tests were used to check for significant differences of the basion–cartilaginous dens interval among these 3 groups. RESULTS: The upper limits of the basion–cartilaginous dens interval for the 3 groups were 5.34 mm in group A, 5.64 mm in group B, and 7.24 mm in group C. There were statistically significant differences in the basion–cartilaginous dens interval values among the 3 groups. There was no statistically significant difference in basion–cartilaginous dens interval values between groups A and B; however, values in group C were significantly different from those in both A and B. There was no statistically significant difference in the basion–cartilaginous dens interval values between males and females. CONCLUSIONS: The basion–cartilaginous dens interval is a novel imaging parameter to assess cranioverterbral junction integrity in children, which includes the nonossified cartilage in the measurement.
Perceived Social Support and Mental Health: Cultural Orientations as Moderators.

This study investigated unique and shared effects of social support and cultural orientation on mental health indicators (depressive and anxiety symptoms, stress, and life satisfaction) of 896 college students. Results indicated that perceived social support predicted mental health variables and that cultural orientation variables (independent and interdependent self-construal) moderated this association. Conclusions and counseling implications for university counselors are discussed on the basis of cultural orientation theory.
Intergenerational mobility in Korea

This study investigates intergenerational earnings mobility in Korea for sons born between 1958 and 1973 and compares Korea’s mobility to that of other nations. It uses data from the Korea Labor and Income Panel Study and the Household Income and Expenditure Survey conducted by the Korean National Statistics Bureau. Since no single Korean dataset includes information on both sons’ and their fathers’ adult earnings, this study follows the two-sample approach previously applied in Korea by Ueda (J Asian Econ 1–22, 2013), whose estimated intergenerational earnings elasticity is 0.22, and extends the analysis by using fathers’ earnings from a more approximal cohort. The estimate of around 0.4 is similar to estimates for some already developed countries and smaller than typical estimates for recently developing countries.
VVRRM: Vehicular Vibration-Based Heart RR-Interval Monitoring System

Continuous heart rate variability (HRV) monitoring in cars can allow ambient health monitoring and help track driver stress and fatigue. Current approaches that involve wearable or externally mounted sensors are accurate but inconvenient for the user. In particular, prior approaches often fail when noise from human motion or car noise are present. In this paper, we present VVRRM, an ambient heartbeat monitoring system in an automobile which uses a set of accelerometers in a car seat to monitor a subject's heart RR-intervals. The system removes high energy motion noise and periodic noise using a combination of peak detection with extracted wavelet coefficients. Furthermore, it tracks human heart locations through sensor selection to maximize the heart signal energy. We tested the system with both a manufactured heartbeat signal and experiments with human subjects. Overall our mean absolute error for RR-interval estimation was 54 ms across all human subjects, and 3 ms with our manufactured heartbeat signal.
Age-dependent toxicity of acorn extract in young and old male rats

Intraperitoneal administration of acorn extract of dosage levels of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight did not produce significant change in the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 levels and the activities of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, benzphetamine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase in young, adult rats (weighing 200-250 g), with the exception of the activity of benzphetamine N-demethylase at the 600 mg/kg dose which was decreased significantly. On the other hand, a dose of only 100 mg/kg body weight ip to old rats (weighing 400-450 g) caused significant decreases in the microsomal cytochrome P-450, benzphetamine N-demethylase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activities. However, there was no significant change in the activity of aniline hydroxylase in these rats, indicating selective inhibition of the microsomal enzymes and higher susceptibility of old rats than young ones to acorn toxicants. When the serum samples from the treated young rats were analyzed for sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities as markers of liver toxicity, these activities were significantly higher in the treated rats than the corresponding control values. Similar changes were noted for old rats receiving a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight of acorn extract. The results indicate that acorn extract affects old rats more than young rats as measured by its effect on liver and liver microsomal enzymes.
Applications of Fourier Series

If u is a smooth periodic function with Fourier coefficients (a n ) − ∞ ∞, then we know that the sequence (a n ) − ∞ ∞ uniquely determines the function u; in fact, the partial sums $${u_N}\left( x \right) = \sum\limits_{ - N}^N {{a_n}} \exp \left( {inx} \right)$$ (1) of the Fourier series converge to u in the sense of P.
Fine Structure of Ciliates

A substantial literature exists on the fine structure of ciliates, especially with respect to the taxonomic significance of the surface cortex and subcortical structures, and structural-functional correlates of subcellular organelles. Some of the finer details, especially with respect to the taxonomic significance of comparative fine structure, have been reviewed by Small and Lynn (1985). A comparative survey of some major features of representative organisms is presented here with the aim of summarizing current knowledge and establishing a broad context for the physiological and functional topics discussed in succeeding chapters.
Preliminaries on Manifolds

Let R denote the real numbers and R n denote n-dimensional Euclidean space. Points of R n will be denoted by n-tuples of real numbers (x1,..., x n ) and R n will always be topologized in the standard way.
Hands-On Hybridization: 3D-Printed Models of Hybrid Orbitals

Introductory chemistry students encounter the concept of hybrid orbitals as a transition from atomic orbitals to molecular bonding. The principal purpose of learning hybridization in the undergraduate curriculum is to impart an understanding of the origins of molecular bonding and geometry. Physical models of both individual hybrid orbitals and combinations of hybrid orbital types have the potential to aid in student visualization of molecular geometry. 3D printing can serve to generate physically accurate models in a cost-effective manner. The use of a freely available JavaScript applet (CalcPlot3D) enables the generation of 3D-printing files (.stl/.3mf files) that can be subsequently printed on a 3D printer. The procedure is low-cost and relatively flexible and produces mathematically accurate hybrid orbital models that can serve as hands-on pedagogical tools.
Validation of the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale in children with cerebral palsy

Background/Aims: Cerebral palsy is classified by the type of motor impairment. The ability to balance differs depending on the level of disability. The aim of this research was to investigate the i...
LIA: A Natural Language Programmable Personal Assistant

We present LIA, an intelligent personal assistant that can be programmed using natural language. Our system demonstrates multiple competencies towards learning from human-like interactions. These include the ability to be taught reusable conditional procedures, the ability to be taught new knowledge about the world (concepts in an ontology) and the ability to be taught how to ground that knowledge in a set of sensors and effectors. Building such a system highlights design questions regarding the overall architecture that such an agent should have, as well as questions about parsing and grounding language in situational contexts. We outline key properties of this architecture, and demonstrate a prototype that embodies them in the form of a personal assistant on an Android device.
Afucosylated maternal anti-dengue IgGs are a biomarker for susceptibility to dengue disease in their infants

Infant mortality from dengue disease is a devastating global health burden that could be minimized with the ability to identify susceptibility for severe disease prior to infection. While most primary infant dengue infections are asymptomatic, maternally derived anti-dengue IgGs present during infection can trigger progression to severe disease through antibody-dependent enhancement mechanisms. Importantly, specific characteristics of maternal IgGs that herald progression to severe infant dengue are unknown. Here, we define [≥]10% afucosylation of maternal anti-dengue IgGs as a biomarker for susceptibility of infants to symptomatic dengue infections. Mechanistic experiments show that anti-dengue afucosylation, a modification that enhances Fc affinity for the activating receptor Fc{gamma}RIIIa, promotes infection of Fc{gamma}RIIIa+ monocytes. Fc{gamma}RIIIa signaling, in turn, enhances a post-entry step of dengue virus replication. These studies identify a biomarker that can be applied to reduce mortality associated with dengue viruses and define a mechanism by which afucosylated antibodies and Fc{gamma}RIIIa enhance dengue infections.
Extracellular vesicles derived from natural killer cells use multiple cytotoxic proteins and killing mechanisms to target cancer cells

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted membrane vesicles, which play complex physiological and pathological functions in intercellular communication. Recently, we isolated natural killer (NK) ce...
“We’re Rags to Riches”: Dual Consciousness of the American Dream in Two Critical History Classrooms

Background/ContextWithin the United States, wealth disparities are growing and upward social mobility is becoming increasingly difficult to attain. These trends call into question the American Drea...
Minimally Invasive Stabilization with or without Ablation for Metastatic Periacetabular Tumors.

Background Metastatic bone disease in the periacetabular region represents a potentially devastating problem for patients. Surgical treatment can offer pain relief and restore function. We describe a series of patients treated with minimally invasive osteoplasty and screw fixation with or without ablation. Methods Thirty-eight patients with 16 different metastatic tumor subtypes were managed with osteoplasty and screw fixation with or without ablation at a single institution. A retrospective review was performed to determine functional outcomes with use of the 1993 Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score as well as changes in narcotic usage. Results MSTS scores improved for all patients following surgery. Narcotic usage decreased in >80% of patients. Approximately half of the operations were outpatient procedures. Complications were minimal, there were no delays in chemotherapy or radiation due to surgical wound concerns, and there were no surgery-related deaths. The mean duration of follow-up was 9 months, with a 39% survival rate at the time of writing. Six of the 12 patients who survived for >1 year required additional procedures at a mean of 12 months (range, 4 to 23 months). Conclusions Treatment of periacetabular metastatic disease with minimally invasive stabilization with or without ablation provides pain relief and functional improvement with lower complication rates than previously reported open reconstruction techniques. The minimally invasive approach allows for rapid initiation of chemotherapy and radiation. Patients with particularly aggressive cancers that are poorly responsive to systemic therapies and radiation may have progression of disease and may require additional procedures. Conversion to total hip arthroplasty was uncomplicated, and the cement and screw constructs were retained, providing a stable base for the arthroplasty reconstruction. Level of evidence Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Evaluation of Brewers Spent Grains with different levels of exogenous enzymes on the production performance and body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

This study evaluated Brewers Spent Grains (BSG) and an enzyme additive (AllzymeTM; ENZ) in practical diets for juvenile (~5 g/fish) Nile tilapia (Trial 1) and channel catfish (Trial 2). Following a...
Interleukin 8 Plays a Fundamental Role in Inflammatory Processes in Vivo

Several lines of evidence suggest that human interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a potent mediator of neutrophil (PMN) infiltration, inflammation, and tissue damage associated with several diseases (e.g. psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease). To more fully define the role of IL-8 in human disease, we developed a mouse monoclonal antibody (DM/C7) which neutralized the biological activity of human IL-8. In vitro DM/C7 specifically inhibited IL-8 binding to receptors on human PMNs (IC50 = 0.4 µg/ml vs. 1 nM IL-8) and chemotaxis of human PMNs toward IL-8 (ICS0 = 0.9 µg/ml vs. 2 nM IL-8). As expected, DM/C7 had no effect on the in vitro activities of IL-113, fMetLeuPhe, C5a, or LTB4. In a mouse dermal chemotaxis assay, DM/C7 (10 µg, i.d. or 100 µg, i.v.) specifically blocked 100% of PMN influx toward sites of IL-8 injection (100 ng, i.d.). In this assay, DM/C7 also inhibited all PMN influx toward sites of IL-ls injection but had no effect on influx toward sites of LTB4 or C5a injection. In normal mice, PMN infiltration of the skin induced by deposition of IgG immune complexes was reduced 6075% by DM/C7 (100 µg, i.v.). Surprisingly, DM/C7 was totally ineffective vs. IgG complex induced PMN influx in W/Wγ mast cell deficient mice. Following reconstitution of mast cells from a syngeneic donor, W/Wγ mice acquired a DM/C7 sensitive PMN influx which was indistinguishable from that observed in normal animals. Together, these data strongly support three conclusions: 1) local or systemic administration of DM/C7 neutralizes IL-8; 2) DM/C7 neutralizes the biological activity of an endogenous mouse antigen; and 3) IL-8 plays a fundamental role in at least one PMN-dependent inflammatory process in vivo.
Is Traumatic Brain Injury Associated with PAP Adherence in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Pilot Study. (P7.318)

OBJECTIVE: Determine the frequency of Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) adherence in Veterans with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and assess predictors of PAP adherence. BACKGROUND: Patients with TBI are at risk for the development of sleep disorders, particularly sleep apnea. We hypothesize that PAP compliance in TBI patients is poor given cognitive challenges and may impact rehabilitation potential. DESIGN/METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review of 44 consecutively tested, male Veterans with TBI and OSA. The Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs definition of TBI was used. PAP compliance was defined as greater than 4 hours of use 70[percnt] of the time. We performed an exploratory data analysis to determine contributors to compliance. RESULTS: In our sample the mean age was 42 (range 23-67), mean BMI (Body Mass Index) was 33 (range 23-51), and mean AHI (Apnea Hypopnea Index) was 29 (range 5-90). Nineteen percent (n=6) of patients were PAP compliant and 81[percnt] (n=25) were non-compliant. Thirteen patients were lost to follow up. A significant difference was found in BMI (p=0.003) between the compliant (BMI=41) and non-compliant (BMI=32) groups in this interim analysis using a student’s t test. Patients with mild TBI had a lower AHI (median 15.3) than patients with moderate or severe TBI (median 29.45) though this was not statistically significant. TBI severity did not predict compliance in this small sample. CONCLUSIONS: Nineteen percent PAP adherence in our veterans diagnosed with TBI and OSA was lower than prevalence estimates of approximately 40[percnt]. BMI was found to be significant predictor of compliance. An increased BMI may motivate TBI patients to use PAP in an effort to avoid further health consequences. Further education and monitoring are needed to improve compliance in this population which might have a positive impact on rehabilitation potential. Study Supported by: N/A Disclosure: Dr. Kataria has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chapman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ahuja has nothing to disclose. Dr. Balish has nothing to disclose.