cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modifying mental health help-seeking stigma among undergraduates with untreated psychiatric disorders: A pilot randomized trial of a novel cognitive bias modification intervention.

Help-seeking stigma is a potent barrier to the utilization of mental health services. This study aimed to determine if, compared to a psychoeducation condition, individuals randomized to a novel cognitive bias modification intervention for help-seeking stigma (CBM-HS) demonstrate greater reductions in help-seeking stigma, as well as increases in readiness to change and help-seeking behaviors. Participants included 32 undergraduates with a DSM-5 psychiatric disorder who denied past-year mental health treatment. Post-randomization, three intervention sessions were delivered in one-week intervals (45 min total). Participants were assessed at baseline, mid-intervention, one-week post-intervention, and two-month follow-up. RM-ANOVAs were utilized among the intent-to-treat sample. There were no significant differences across time points between the intervention groups for help-seeking stigma and readiness to change. At two-month follow-up, 25% of participants initiated mental health treatment (29.4% CBM-HS, 20.0% psychoeducation). Strikingly, across groups, there was a statistically significant reduction in help-seeking self-stigma (F[2.214,66.418] = 5.057, p = 0.007, ηp2 = 0.144) and perceived public stigma (F[3,90] = 6.614, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.181) from baseline to two-month follow-up, indicating large effects; 18.8% achieved clinically significant change, among whom two-thirds were in the CBM-HS condition. Two brief, scalable interventions appear to reduce help-seeking stigma among undergraduates with untreated psychiatric disorders. Studies are needed to evaluate these interventions against an inactive control.
Workplace incivility and employee sleep: The role of rumination and recovery experiences

This study examines the role of negative work rumination and recovery experiences in explaining the association between workplace incivility and employee insomnia symptoms. Drawing on the perseverative cognition model of stress and the effort-recovery model, we hypothesize a moderated mediation model in which workplace incivility is associated with insomnia symptoms via negative work rumination. This indirect effect is proposed to be conditional on employees' reported level of recovery experiences (i.e., psychological detachment from work and relaxation during nonwork time). In examining this model, we further establish a link between workplace incivility and sleep and identify one pathway to explain this relationship, as well as resources that may be used to halt the negative spillover of workplace incivility on sleep. Based on a sample of 699 U.S. Forest Service employees, we find support for a moderated mediation model in which the association between workplace incivility and increased insomnia symptoms via increased negative work rumination was weakest for employees reporting high levels of recovery experiences during nonwork time. Findings from the current study contribute to our understanding of why workplace incivility is associated with nonwork outcomes, as well as point to implications for interventions aimed at promoting employees' recovery from work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Rural Education: Attracting and Retaining Teachers in Small Schools

For many small rural school districts across America, the effort to attract and retain quality teachers continues to be a major concern. Schools located in what are considered to be “hard to staff” areas experience the most difficult. While not all communities face the problems of inadequate teacher supply, many small and rural school districts recognize this as a continuing critical issue. A variety of factors contribute to the problems of recruiting and retaining teachers in small and rural school. This article will address the most common causes of high turnover rate among teachers in the rural schools and offer a variety of strategies that may be considered by local school administrators.
Die undurchbrochene Schranke

Unsere Geschichte wendet sich jetzt von der theoretischen Transplantationsimmunologie den Berichten der chirurgischen Nierentransplantation zu. Damit bewegen wir uns weg von dem sorgfaltigen Studium der Hauttransplantationen, der erworbenen Toleranz, der Huhnchenfedern und des Kalbschimarismus zu den viel groberen Versuchen der komplizierten Verpflanzung eines ganzen, mit Blutgefasen versorgten Organes. Wegen ihrer einfachen Blutversorgung und ihrer klaren Funktion, zusammen mit der Tatsache, das sie doppelt angelegt ist, hat die Niere bei den Transplantationsforschern anfangs die groste Bedeutung erlangt.
Residual Stress Measurement in Metal Matrix Composites

Due to the large difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the continuous fibers and the metal matrix in metal matrix composites, a large residual stress pattern could be expected when the composite is cooled from the fabrication temperature to room temperature. This paper will first briefly describe the x-ray techniques used to measure the residual stresses and then present and discuss the residual stress results obtained. Experiments were done on aluminum, magnesium and titanium matrix composites. This paper will concentrate on the measurements in the aluminum graphite system. It should be noted that the reported residual stresses are only from the matrix phase due to the difficulty introduced by the large texture in the graphite fibers.
Treatment planning in 3 and 4 dimensions and the role of Monte Carlo techniques

Purpose: Monte Carlo dose calculation is considered to be the most accurate method to simulate doses delivered in radiation therapy. It is rarely used in clinical routine because of usually long computing times. Given the fact that dose distributions are more conformal in proton therapy than with conventional modalities, the potential impact of Monte Carlo dose calculation is presumably bigger in proton therapy. The goal of this work was to facilitate the clinical use of Monte Carlo dose calculation to support routine treatment planning and delivery at the Francis H Burr Proton Therapy Center at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). Further, we aimed at incorporating time-dependent patient information, as obtained from 4D CT data, into the dose calculation process.
A survey of US early childhood caries programs: findings and recommendations.

OBJECTIVES To identify and characterize US early childhood caries (ECC) programs. METHODS A 39 question online survey was fielded to 245 ECC programs identified from the literature and peer programs. The 101 respondents (41 percent response rate) reported their program's geographic reach, type, areas of focus, target populations, approaches, affiliations, providers, goals, costs, and funding. RESULTS Half of the programs affiliate with formal early childhood social service or nutrition programs. Almost all characterize their work as risk reduction, disease suppression, or arrest. In descending order, programs describe their approaches as educating parents, addressing family-level health behaviors, utilizing pharmacological approaches with fluoride varnish or silver nitrate, delivering education to health professionals, and conducting research. A majority of programs target urban, poor, and low-income populations. Although little more than a third of programs utilize a logic model, most collect evaluation data and believe their program to be "very" or "somewhat" replicable. Programs tend to depend on multiple funding sources and be largely reliant on grants with foundations as the leading source of support followed by federal grants, state/local grants, and governmental programs such as Head Start. CONCLUSIONS Programs demonstrate attempts at ECC prevention and management through holistic approaches predicated on behavioral theory, cariology science, and public health principles. Partnerships created by these programs provide unique opportunities to promote oral health. Various strategies could potentially leverage systemic changes in the delivery of dental care for young children.
Coronary Heart Disease

If the heart has a special symbolism in human affairs, as we suggested in Chapter 11, then coronary heart disease may be seen as a signal pointing insistently to patterns that are destructive in human affairs. The significance of behavior and life style in many risk factors associated with this leading cause of death in the United States is a compelling reason for attention from a wide range of health practitioners.
A short proof of Kontsevich's cluster conjecture☆

Abstract We give an elementary proof of the Kontsevich conjecture that asserts that the iterations of the noncommutative rational map K r : ( x , y ) ↦ ( x y x − 1 , ( 1 + y r ) x − 1 ) are given by noncommutative Laurent polynomials.
Identifying Clostridioides difficile-inhibiting gut commensals using culturomics, phenotyping, and combinatorial community assembly

ABSTRACT A major function of the gut microbiota is to provide colonization resistance, wherein pathogens are inhibited or suppressed below infectious level. However, the fraction of gut microbiota required for colonization resistance remains unclear. We used culturomics to isolate a gut microbiota culture collection comprising 1590 isolates belonging to 102 species. Estimated by metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples used for culture, this culture collection represents 50.73% of taxonomic diversity and 70% functional capacity. Using whole genome sequencing we characterized species representatives from this collection, and predicted their phenotypic traits, further characterizing isolates by defining nutrient utilization profile and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. When screened using a co-culture assay, 66 species in our culture collection inhibited C. difficile. Several phenotypes, particularly, growth rate, production of SCFAs, and the utilization of mannitol, sorbitol or succinate correlated with C. difficile inhibition. We used a combinatorial community assembly approach to formulate defined bacterial mixes inhibitory to C. difficile. When 256 combinations were tested, we found both species composition and blend size to be important in inhibition. Our results show that the interaction of bacteria with each other in a mix and with other members of gut commensals must be investigated for designing defined bacterial mixes for inhibiting C. difficile in vivo. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic treatment causes instability of gut microbiota and the loss of colonization resistance, allowing pathogens such as C. difficile to colonize, causing recurrent infection and mortality. Although fecal microbiome transplantation has shown to be an effective treatment for C. difficile infection (CDI), a more desirable approach would be the use of a defined mix of inhibitory gut bacteria. C. difficile-inhibiting species and bacterial combinations we identify herein improve our understanding of the ecological interactions controlling colonization resistance against C. difficile, and could aid the design of defined bacteriotherapy as a non-antibiotic alternative against CDI.
Allen Drury’s Advise and Consent: Moderate Ruling-Elite Ideology

In this chapter I show how Drury’s rabid anti-communism and distain for liberalism influenced his portrayal in Advise and Consent of the politics in the US Senate surrounding a nominee for Secretary of State. I focus on what I call the “moderate ruling-elite ideology” of these senators, how their upper-class desire for personal fulfillment and “desire to serve” is manifested primarily in their personal ambition and sense of integrity rather than any shared ideology or empirical examination of the world as it is. In dealing with the senators’ attitudes toward the nominee’s view of communism, Drury relies on political stereotypes and reduces the issue to an overly simple binary choice: aggression versus appeasement.
Assessing the relationship between vegetation greenness and surface temperature through Granger causality and Impulse-Response coefficients: a case study in Mexico

ABSTRACTThe existence of a consistent inverse relationship between vegetation greenness and surface temperature has been the premise of many environmental studies. However, some authors have found ...
Columnea Pygmaea (Gesneriaceae), a New Species from Northwestern Ecuador

Recent expeditions to the northwestern slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes and revisionary work of Columnea (Gesneriaceae) have resulted in the discovery of a new plant species. The new species, Columnea pygmaea, is distinguished from other congeners by small flowers (< 1 cm), erect shoots, and an obligate epiphytic habit. A discussion that includes a dichotomous key and digital images is presented to provide a better understanding of and to differentiate Columnea pygmaea from C. parvisora, C. herthae, C. minutisora, and C. lehmannii.
Voluntary leadership and the emergence of institutions for self-governance

Strong local institutions are important for the successful governance of common-pool resources (CPRs), but why do such institutions emerge in the first place and why do they sometimes not emerge at all? We argue that voluntary local leaders play an important role in the initiation of self-governance institutions because such leaders can directly affect local users' perceived costs and benefits associated with self-rule. Drawing on recent work on leadership in organizational behavior, we propose that voluntary leaders can facilitate a cooperative process of local rule creation by exhibiting unselfish behavior and leading by example. We posit that such forms of leadership are particularly important when resource users are weakly motivated to act collectively, such as when confronted with "creeping" environmental problems. We test these ideas by using observations from a laboratory-in-the-field experiment with 128 users of forest commons in Bolivia and Uganda. We find that participants' agreement to create new rules was significantly stronger in group rounds where voluntary, unselfish leaders were present. We show that unselfish leadership actions make the biggest difference for rule creation under high levels of uncertainty, such as when the resource is in subtle decline and intragroup communication sparse.
HMSC: a Hybrid Metagenomic Sequence Classification Algorithm

Widespread availability of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has prompted a recent surge in interest in the microbiome. As a consequence, metagenomics is a fast growing field in bioinformatics and computational biology. An important problem in analyzing metagenomic sequenced data is to identify the microbes present in the sample and figure out their relative abundances. Genome databases such as RefSeq and GenBank provide a growing resource to characterize metagenomic sequenced datasets. However, both the size of these databases and the high degree of sequence homology that can exist between related genomes mean that accurate analysis of metagenomic reads is computationally challenging. In this article we propose a highly efficient algorithm dubbed as "Hybrid Metagenomic Sequence Classifier" (HMSC) to accurately detect microbes and their relative abundances in a metagenomic sample. The algorithmic approach is fundamentally different from other state-of-the-art algorithms currently existing in this domain. HMSC judiciously exploits both alignment-free and alignment-based approaches to accurately characterize metagenomic sequenced data. Rigorous experimental evaluations on both real and synthetic datasets show that HMSC is indeed an effective, scalable, and efficient algorithm compared to the other state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy, memory, and runtime.
Lutetium Lu-177 Dotatate Flare Reaction.

Abstract Purpose Lutetium Lu-177 dotatate is the first peptide receptor radionuclide therapy approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Well-designed studies in Europe have shown dramatic effectiveness in improving progression-free survival in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, which are progressive and generally metastatic. This therapy is a molecular targeted therapy linking a beta-emitting radioisotope to dotatate, which binds tightly to somatostatin receptors on neuroendocrine tumors cells. Various adverse effects of this therapy have been reported in the literature, including potential toxicity to renal, hepatic, and hematologic tissues and risk of second malignancy. Our study sought to explore acute adverse effects in this patient population. Methods and Materials We tracked adverse effects and patient experience in our first year of therapy experience with this new agent. Results In our first 12 patients who received Lutetium Lu-177 dotatate, tumor flare reactions occurred in 5 patients due to worsening symptoms of bone or soft tissue metastasis. This flare reaction can be mitigated with short course of corticosteroid therapy or other strategies. Conclusions Flare reaction is common in patients with progressive metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and can be managed successfully with several strategies.
Add-on Computer Science Endorsements: A Community Effort

In this experience paper we will share the process we used within our NSF CSForAll Research Practitioner Partnership Network Improvement Community (NIC) to inform the creation of two add-on computer science endorsements for teachers in Mississippi. These additions to a standard teaching license, a K-8 endorsement and a 7–12 endorsement, are available for pre-service teachers to obtain prior to graduation, as well as for in-service teachers to obtain through an online program. There can be many barriers to developing endorsements in this relatively new K-12 education space. Through the work of our NIC we learned that time, cost, location, and relevance were all important aspects that teachers were concerned with, while the university departments were more focused on capacity, enrollment, rigor, and funding. We will describe how working through a NIC smoothed the way to creating endorsements that are recognized by teachers as valuable and accessible and by the university as rigorous and relevant.
UAV field demonstration of social media enabled tactical data link

This paper addresses the problem of enabling Command and Control (C2) and data exfiltration functions for missions using small, unmanned, airborne surveillance and reconnaissance platforms. The authors demonstrated the feasibility of using existing commercial wireless networks as the data transmission infrastructure to support Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) autonomy functions such as transmission of commands, imagery, metadata, and multi-vehicle coordination messages. The authors developed and integrated a C2 Android application for ground users with a common smart phone, a C2 and data exfiltration Android application deployed on-board the UAVs, and a web server with database to disseminate the collected data to distributed users using standard web browsers. The authors performed a mission-relevant field test and demonstration in which operators commanded a UAV from an Android device to search and loiter; and remote users viewed imagery, video, and metadata via web server to identify and track a vehicle on the ground. Social media served as the tactical data link for all command messages, images, videos, and metadata during the field demonstration. Imagery, video, and metadata were transmitted from the UAV to the web server via multiple Twitter, Flickr, Facebook, YouTube, and similar media accounts. The web server reassembled images and video with corresponding metadata for distributed users. The UAV autopilot communicated with the on-board Android device via on-board Bluetooth network.
Incisional Lumbodorsal Hernias Following Retroperitoneal Robotic Partial Nephrectomies for Small Renal Masses at a High-Volume Tertiary Referral Center.

Introduction: Herein we evaluate the incidence of incisional lumbodorsal hernia (ILDH) after retroperitoneal robotic partial nephrectomy (RRPN) and associated patient-specific and tumor-specific ri...
Anti-Price Gouging Laws, Shortages, and COVID-19: Big Data Insights from Consumer Searches

Several states have laws that prohibit large increases in prices on consumer good, or “price gouging,” during emergency situations like pandemics. We investigate the impact of such laws on online consumer behavior using data from Google Shopping Trends during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We focus on hand sanitizer and toilet paper, two staples predominantly bought in-stores in regular times, which experienced substantial in-store shortages since the onset of the pandemic. We find robust evidence indicating anti-price gouging laws are associated with significant increases in online searches for hand sanitizer, and some evidence that these laws increase searches for toilet paper as well. These results imply the possibility that anti-price gouging laws lead to shortages for consumer staples during pandemics. Our results inform the ongoing and rigorous debate surrounding anti-price gouging laws and their potential effects during public health emergencies like COVID-19.
India's Forward Momentum in Pharmaceuticals

A major producer and exporter of formulated, low-cost generic pharmaceuticals, India increased its exports to major markets during 2011–17, including sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and the United States. India is also taking steps to produce more innovative pharmaceuticals through such measures as accessing U.S. technology through mergers, acquisitions, and licensing, and by also adding and expanding production and other facilities in the United States.
Implementation of a perioperative-enhanced recovery protocol in patients undergoing open gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare surgical outcomes before and after implementation of an enhanced recovery protocol (ERP) in gastrectomy for gastric cancer. METHODS We included patients who underwent open gastrectomy for gastric cancer before (January 2016 to September 2018) or after (October 2018 to September 2020) ERP implementation. The primary outcome was the postoperative length of stay (LOS). Secondary outcomes included 90-day readmission rates and Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ 3 complications. RESULTS One hundred patients underwent gastrectomy before (pre-ERP group) and 52 underwent gastrectomy after (ERP group) protocol implementation. Demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics were similar. The median (interquartile range) postoperative LOS was shorter in the ERP group (7.0 days [6.0-8.0] vs. 8.0 days [7.0-11.0]; p < 0.001). The ERP group had similar rates of readmission (33% vs. 24%; p = 0.34) and grade ≥ 3 complications (19% vs. 19%; p = 1.0) compared to the pre-ERP group, but experienced lower rates of surgical wound complications (0% vs. 19%; p < 0.001). Rates of other complications were similar. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of an ERP in patients undergoing open gastrectomy for gastric cancer is feasible and safe and has the potential to decrease postoperative LOS without increasing complication rates.
Maximizing Coverage for mmWave WLANs with Dedicated Reflectors

To accommodate increasingly intensive application bandwidth demands, mmWave WLAN at 60 GHz has been identified as a promising technology with the potential to achieve Gbps throughput. However, mmWave performance is highly dependent on the signal's line-of-sight (LoS) condition due to its high penetration loss when obstructed. We study the use of dedicated flat passive reflectors to improve coverage in indoor mmWave WLANs through a reflector placement scheme that accommodates any general indoor scenario with pre-deployed ceiling-mounted access points (APs). The reflector locations are efficiently selected among all available vertical surfaces within the indoor environment. Through simulations, we show that deployment of intelligently placed reflectors can improve LoS coverage by up to 10%, which is more than deploying one additional AP. Results are provided to illustrate how different factors affect coverage and insights about preferred reflector placements are provided.
Preservice Elementary Teachers and Music in the Elementary Classroom

The purpose of this pretest-posttest study was to investigate elementary preservice teachers’ perceptions of and level of comfort with music in the elementary classroom after enrolling in an online...
Acute Ischemic Stroke in ICU: Monitoring of Arterial Recanalization After Endovascular Treatment (EVT) by Transcranial Doppler (TCD/TCCS)

Transcranial Doppler (TCD)/transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCS) is a common tool and has become a fundamental element of the armament in the diagnostic research of neurocritical care and stroke units. The role of TCD/TCCS in acute ischemic stroke is primarily in the detection of middle cerebral artery occlusion, its reperfusion and re-occlusion, monitoring of microembolic signals, and documentation and follow-up of cerebral arterial stenosis. In those patients treated with thrombectomy, TCD can be used at the beginning of the evaluation of the patient with acute ischemic stroke to document the initial findings and once treatment has been received, intermittent evaluation is continued to examine the changes in flow velocity of the affected vessels.
Open image in new windowEffect of Rainfall and Building Construction on a Marginal Slope in Triggering Landslide

With an increase in urban population, lands that have been considered marginal for housing development are being utilized for construction of buildings in order to accommodate the increased population. This trend is significantly increasing in the capital city of Kathmandu, Nepal. Utilization of marginally stable lands such as river bank, steep slope, and foot of mountain frequently trigger landslides. This study presents a case study pertinent to the recent collapse of a building that was constructed within a steep slope located close to a river bank. The field visit, geotechnical investigation and pertinent slope stability as well as deformation analysis shows that rise in water table due to continuous rainfall triggered the landslide. Moreover, construction of house within the marginally stable slope contributed in triggering the landslide.
Methods of Thematic Map Comparison

Geologists are interested in comparing maps in order to (1) determine their predictive value, (2) evaluate their similarity and classify them, and (3) use the information for geological interpretation. The comparisons are made by constructing a difference map (isopachous maps) or on a point-by-point basis (computing an overall correlation coefficient for the fit).
A46 Cargo Bikes as a Growth Area for Active Transportation

Abstract Background A cargo bike is a bicycle designed and constructed specifically for transporting larger loads or multiple people. More common in many European cities than in the United States, cargo bikes may have the potential to capture many trips that would otherwise be taken via car, especially those involving cargo, gear or children (Lovejoy et al., 2012), but no known studies have assessed this and their potential impact on active transportation. Methods Using a stated preference survey about user behavior before and after the acquiring a cargo bike, this paper evaluates the dynamics of cargo bikes use, hypothesizing that they have the potential to meet different needs than tradition bikes and to attract different user types. Surveys took ~10 min to complete and explored three factors: 1) trip mode; 2) trip type; and 3) individual characteristics and preferences. Results Based on preliminary exploration of the data through descriptive analysis and regression, although the population of self-selecting cargo bike users is largely affluent, there is a significant correlation between cargo bike use and the need to drop children at school (N=299, significance at the 95% confidence interval). Furthermore, although the cargo bike platform is larger, with more stability and shelter from the elements, there is a significant negative correlation between use and inclement weather – a result that confirms prior work in the San Francisco Bay Area by Cervero and Duncan (2003). Conclusions These results suggest that encouraging cargo bikes could be a strategy for increasing active transportation. They could be a future growth area in local non-automotive travel, increasing livability by reducing the total number of trips in a municipality, especially for those who drop off children at schools or daycares. While they appear not to be a silver bullet to overcome weather-related challenges, they may hold promise in leading to healthier habits for families willing to move to them as a platform.
Laboratory quality assurance in the Department of Restorative Dentistry at the University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate data collected in University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry (UIC COD) laboratory quality assurance (QA) forms, analyze the collected data, and create a report of the findings. The goals of the study were to (1) identify the most common mistakes occurring during laboratory and clinical procedures when performing prosthodontic treatment, (2) note the incidence and trends of mistakes made by D3, D4, and IDDP2 students, and (3) observe any differences in the types of mistakes made by D3, D4, and IDDP2. Materials and Methods: QA data from June 1, 2007 to May 31, 2009 were evaluated based on forms gathered from the QA dental laboratory from all D3, D4, and IDDP2 students’ submissions. All students had graduated from the UIC COD at the time of collection. Data were recorded for type of errors made in submission of laboratory work (Indirect Restorations [IR], Removable Partial Dentures [RPD], Complete Dentures [CD]), year of student in dental school (D3, D4, IDDP2), and frequency of rejection for each respective student. The frequency of common mistakes were pooled, evaluated, and reported by respective class year. Results: The five most common laboratory submission errors for D3, D4, and IDDP2 students were nearly the same among student years for IR, RPD, and CD. D4 students had disproportionately higher numbers of work rejections compared to D3 and IDDP2 students. Conclusions: D4 students had a higher percentage of laboratory submission errors compared to D3 students for all laboratory procedures. There were similar types of errors noted between foreign-trained students (IDDP2) and domestically trained students (D3, D4).
Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus feeding ecology in the northern Gulf of Mexico: a preliminary description of diet from the western Atlantic spawning grounds

A combination of stomach contents, nitrogen stable-isotope and tissue C:N values are presented to demonstrate feeding activity of Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus on the Gulf of Mexico (GOMEX) spawning grounds. Diets include teleosts, cephalopods, crustaceans and a pelagic tunicate (Pyrosoma atlanticum). Results reveal the need to classify the GOMEX as a T. thynnus feeding ground.
Sensitivity of an Oligotrophic Lake Planktonic Bacterial Community to Oxygen Stress

Abstract Dissolved oxygen at approximately four times normal saturation (42 mg liter−1) inhibited the growth and metabolism of summer planktonic bacteria in the surface water of alpine oligotrophic Mountain Lake (Giles County, Va.). Data were derived from growth of CFU on membrane filters, d-[U-14C]glucose incorporation into the extractable lipid of these CFU, and respiration and assimilation of d-[U-14C]glucose by lake water samples. Statistically significant (α < 0.05) differences were not detected in either CFU or 14C incorporation in lipid when superoxide dismutase (30 U ml−1) or catalase (130 U ml−1) was added to the medium. Thus, exogenous oxygen by-products apparently are not responsible for the observed inhibition of growth and metabolism.
Faster approximation of distances in graphs

Let G = (V,E) be a weighted undirected graph on n vertices and m edges, and let dG be its shortest path metric. We present two simple deterministic algorithms for approximating all-pairs shortest paths in G. Our first algorithm runs in O (n2 time, and for any u, v ∈ V reports distance no greater than 2dG(u, v) + h(u, v). Here, h(u, v) is the largest edge weight on a shortest path between u and v. The previous algorithm, due to Baswana and Kavitha that achieved the same result was randomized. Our second algorithm for the all-pairs shortest path problem uses Boolean matrix multiplications and for any u, v ∈ V reports distance no greater than (1 + e)dG(u, v) + 2h(u, v). The currently best known algorithm for Boolean matrix multiplication yields an O(n2.24+o(1)e-3 log(ne-1)) time bound for this algorithm. The previously best known result of Elkin with a similar multiplicative factor had a much bigger additive error term. We also consider approximating the diameter and the radius of a graph. For the problem of estimating the radius, we present an almost 3/2-approximation algorithm which runs in O(m √n + n2) time. Aingworth, Chekuri, Indyk, and Motwani used a similar approach and obtained analogous results for the diameter approximation problem. Additionally, we show that if the graph has a small separator decomposition a 3/2-approximation of both the diameter and the radius can be obtained more efficiently.
Periodate-induced lymphocyte transformation: II. Character of response and comparison with phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen stimulation

Abstract Sodium metaperiodate is mitogenic for human peripheral lymphocytes. Evidence of stimulation can be detected as increased thymidine incorporation at 72 h after only 10 sec of exposure to the IO4−. The degree of response varies with lymphocytes from different donors, but maximum stimulation for the healthy donors studied was obtained at concentrations of IO4− between 10−3 M and 4 × 10−3 M. Concentrations of 8 × 10−3 M and above are non-stimulatory and toxic. Exposures to optimum concentrations for 1 h or longer result in essentially no stimulation and inincreased cell death. However, a significant response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) remains. The kinetics of response over a 4 day culture period are similar for IO4−, PHA and PWM. The morphology of the blast cells and the degree of response suggest that the IO4− responsive lymphocyte population may be more closely related to the PWM stimulated cells than the PHA responsive lymphocytes.
THE PRODUCTION OF OVARIAN DYSGENESIS IN THE RAT BY ETHAMOXYTRIPHETOL (MER-25).

s E v E R A L nonsteroidal agents are Currently available which reputedly have antiestrogenic properties. Among the better known of these drugs are ethamoxytriphetol (MEK-25). triparanol (MEK-29) ( and clomiphene (MKL-41 ) Although the effects and side effects of these compounds are manifold and imperfectly understood, a few features arc characteristic. When administered to rats shortly after coitus the antiestrogens have been shown to impair implantation and. therefore, represent an efficacious antifertility measure in these anima1s.l. *. ” The specitically antiestrogenic properties of ethamoxytriphetol (MEK-25 ‘I have been well documented in various animals by Lerner, Holthaus, and Thompson4 who employed such parameters as uterine growth rate and va,ginal cytology. Finally. both ethamoxy-
Student Perceptions Of Appropriate Classroom Policies Of College Professors

Student perceptions of classroom management practices and policies employed by college educators have not been widely studied. Faculty have broad discretion to determine classroom management practices and policies, and faculty are generally evaluated at least annually with student evaluations of teaching as a significant component of the evaluative process. The focus of this paper is whether students perceive faculty as having the freedom or discretion to adopt specified behaviors or policies unrelated to course content decisions.
Evolving Approaches to Genetic Evaluation of Specific Cardiomyopathies

The understanding of the genetic basis of cardiomyopathy has expanded significantly over the past 2 decades. The increasing availability, shortening diagnostic time, and lowering costs of genetic testing have provided researchers and physicians with the opportunity to identify the underlying genetic determinants for thousands of genetic disorders, including inherited cardiomyopathies, in effort to improve patient morbidities and mortality. As such, genetic testing has advanced from basic scientific research to clinical application and has been incorporated as part of patient evaluations for suspected inherited cardiomyopathies. Genetic evaluation framework of inherited cardiomyopathies typically encompasses careful evaluation of family history, genetic counseling, clinical screening of family members, and if appropriate, molecular genetic testing. This review summarizes the genetics, current guideline recommendations, and evidence supporting the genetic evaluation framework of five hereditary forms of cardiomyopathy: dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), and left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC).
Carcinoembryonic antigen in skin and related tumours as determined by immunohistological techniques

Common benign skin abnormalities and related tumours were investigated for the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using immunohistological techniques in formalin-fixed tissue. CEA could be detected in all 10 squamous cell carcinomas examined, a finding which contrasted with those in earlier reports. CEA was not seen in normal skin but was present in the skins of 12-18-wk-old fetuses. Hence, CEA can be considered to be a true oncofetal antigen for ectodermal tissue. The antigen was not detected in seborrheic keratoses but was present in all 10 cases of keratoacanthoma. CEA was found in only one out of 10 basal cell carcinomas, the tumour being metatypical (basosquamous) in type. CEA was also observed in the minority of cases of solar keratosis and Bowen's disease. If the presence of CEA in proliferating epidermal tissue is associated with malignant transformation, both solar keratosis and Bowen's disease are indeed premalignant lesions whilst keratoacanthoma is the non-metastasizing variant of squamous cell carcinoma. Finally, the absence of CEA in basal cell carcinoma may help to explain its 'reluctance' to spread by metastasis.
Sedimentary and Tectonic History of Cretaceous Flysch in Southwestern Alaska: ABSTRACT

Cretaceous deep-water sedimentary rocks are discontinuously exposed or have been dredged, along 1,700 km of the outer continental margin of the Alaska Peninsula-Bering Sea shelf. In the Shumagin and Sanak Islands, on the continental shelf near the southwestern end of the Alaska Peninsula, the deep-sea sediments are comprised of monotonous sections of thin (4 cm) to thick (10 m) bedded sandstone and mudstone, showing grading, convolute lamination, groove and flute casts. The sandstone beds are lithic arenite with more than 40% volcanic-derived framework grains. Over 500 measurements of sole marking in the Shumagin and Sanak Islands show maxima End_Page 795------------------------------ toward the southwest and west-northwest respectively, with minor lateral feed from the north. This flysch sequence was deposited primarily by turbidity currents in an elongate trough supplied from a northerly volcanic source area. In the absence of a confining basement seaward of the flysch deposits, the original depositional basin is interpreted as an oceanic trench. These trench deposits were deformed initially in a semilithified state with the development of axial-plane salty cleavage. Fold axes parallel the existing continental shelf edge, trending northeast and west-northwest in the outer Shumagin and Sanak Islands, respectively. Folds are overturned seaward predominantly, axial surfaces dipping landward. Locally units may be described as broken formations, though no melanges are observed. The style of this early folding is consistent with, but not diagnostic of, gravity liding. Alternatively, the rocks may have been deformed by underthrusting at the trench inner wall. At strain rates of 10-13 to 10-14/sec (calculated assuming underthrusting), the trench sediments may have undergone "strain hardening" from increasing internal grain friction and cementation during dewatering. End_of_Article - Last_Page 796------------
When Off-Campus Means Virtual Campus: The Academic Library in Second Life

ABSTRACT This article discusses how a library's consistent policy of accessibility and foresight positioned itself to serve its students, faculty and staff in the virtual world of Second Life. Always ahead of the technological curve, this library has been the front-runner in providing services to distance learners via text messaging, “chat,” e-mail, and telephone services and via its laptop librarian project across the campus. It now is poised and ready to provide service in Second Life. Collaboration between the library and teaching faculty culminated in the creation, development, and furnishing of a library in Second Life, an environment that gives new meaning to “off-campus” learning. Without marketing, but as a visible presence, the Second Life library was able to attract both off-campus guests and affiliated students and faculty and even participated in campus-wide projects. This experiment has enjoyed the support of both the university and library administration.
Report of a Single-Institution Experience Using the EVT Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Graft in 25 Patients

The purpose of this study was to review a single-institution experience with the Endovascular Technologies [(EVT) Menlo Park, CA] transfemoral, endovascular system of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. This study was performed at a medical center participating in the phase 1 and phase 2 evaluations of the EVT device. We reviewed the 25 cases performed at our institution. The patient population consisted of 21 males (84%) and 4 females (16%), with a mean age of 73.4 years. A total of eight tube grafts (32%) and 17 bifurcated grafts (68%) were attempted. Twenty-two of the twenty-five grafts were successfully implanted endovascularly (88%). Implantation failures were due to tortuosity or inadequate caliber of the iliac arteries, or incorrect positioning of the graft. The results show that endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms is an appropriate treatment for selected patients. Conversions to open repair have decreased as experience has grown; careful patient selection can minimize the number of unsuccessful implantations. Patient selection and accurate technique can also minimize the number of endoleaks.
The effects of ozone on fescue-clover forage: Regrowth, yield and quality

Abstract A fescue—clover stand ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Kentucky 31 and Trifolium repens L. cv. Tillman) was established in November of 1977. Plants were grown and exposed to ambient air (ambient air plots), and in open-top chambers to charcoal-filtered air, nonfiltered air with enough O 3 added for 7 hr per day (0930–1630 hr EDT) to compensate for losses associated with the air-handling system (NF-1), or enough O 3 added to approximate 0.03 ppm above ambient concentrations (NF-2). Plants were cut to 7.5 cm whenever they reached a height of 20 cm. The effects of O 3 on the regrowth of clover and fescue varied with season and year. Ozone had a greater negative impact on clover than on fescue. Annual forage yield of the fescue—clover mixture was reduced 14% (NF-1) and 27% (NF-2) in 1979. Fescue regrowth was enhanced by O 3 for one growth period in 1978 and 1979. Ozone reduced % N and % estimated digestibility of clover for various growth periods during 1978 and 1979. Percent N of fescue was increased by O 3 for several growth periods during 1978 and reduced for several growth periods in 1979. Percent estimated digestibility of fescue was reduced for one growth period in 1979. The maximum change for % N was 1.5% and for estimated digestibility 7%. The O 3 induced yield reductions of clover (22% for NF-1 and 54% for NF-2 in 1979) from the fescue—clover pasture also decreased forage quality. The differential growth responses of clover to O 3 in 1978 and 1979 appeared to be associated with drought. Data suggest that ambient levels of O 3 in the south-eastern U.S. can have a negative impact on forage quality and quantity of fescue-ladino clover pastures.
The effects of training on passive avoidance deficits in rats with hippocampal lesions: A reply to Isaacson, Olton, Bauer, and Swart

Animals with bilateral cortical or hippocampal lesions were given either 5 or 10 days of approach training and tested for passive avoidance of shock. Passive avoidance was impaired in long-trained hippocampal rats whereas shorttrained counterparts did not differ from cortical controls. Cortically lesioned rats were not affected by amount of pretraining. Results indicate that amount of prior training does effect passive ability in animals with hippocampal damage.
Urinary Tract Infections

Urinary tract infection (UTI), with its diverse clinical syndromes and affected host groups, remains one of the most common but widely misunderstood and challenging infectious diseases encountered in clinical practice. Antimicrobial resistance is a leading concern, with few oral options available to treat infections caused by Gram-negative organisms resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones, especially for patients with upper tract disease. Efforts should be made not to detect or treat asymptomatic bacteriuria and funguria; to ensure an appropriate duration of therapy for symptomatic infections; and to limit the use of broad-spectrum agents, especially fluoroquinolones, if narrower spectrum agents are available. Further research is needed regarding rapid diagnosis of UTI, accurate presumptive identification of patients with resistant pathogens, and development of new antimicrobials for drug-resistant UTI.
The immunopathological effects of intracolonic injection of Mycobacterium bovis BCG cell wall emulsions in guinea pigs.

The immunological and pathological responses of guinea pigs to an intramural colonic injection of emulsions containing cell wall (CW) extracts of Mycobacterium bovis BCG and mineral oil were studied from week 1 to week 36 post-inoculation. The emulsions contained variable concentrations of BCG CW attached to (lipid-phase), or separate from (aqueous-phase), the mineral oil. Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to PPD was present throughout the course of the study in a variable percentage of guinea pigs inoculated with either type of emulsion. PPD-induced blast transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes, studied in guinea pigs which received lipid-phase emulsion, was also detectable throughout the course of the study, with maximal response seen 2 weeks post-inoculation. The intracolonic inoculations were well tolerated, with the exception of the most concentrated lipid-phase emulsion (3 mg/ml BCG CW and 5% oil), after which one of eight guinea pigs died due to a colonic impaction and rupture at the site of inoculation. The pathological response to either type of emulsion was a focal granulomatous colitis, which tended to be more severe as the concentration of BCG CW and oil increased. Extracolonic lesions were usually limited to a granulomatous lymphadenitis of lymph nodes draining the injection site; however, the most concentrated lipid-phase emulsion occasionally produced granulomatous inflammatory foci in the liver and lungs. In general, the lesions induced by the lipid-phase emulsions were more severe than those induced by aqueous-phase emulsions, but the intensity of both types of lesions peaked at 2 or 4 weeks post-inoculation. It was concluded that the guinea pig may serve as a useful model to study BCG immunotherapy of colonic neoplasms, since intracolonic injection of BCG CW resulted in systemic immunity toward mycobacterial antigens and a localized accumulation of macrophages without untoward complications.