cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Library involvement in an autism support program: A case study

The Students with Autism Transitional Education Program (STEP) at Eastern Illinois University is one of the few of its kind and is a leader in supporting college students with autism. Eastern Illin...
State-Space Modeling and Fuzzy Feedback Control of Cognitive Stress

“Distress” or a substantial amount of stress may decrease brain functionality and cause neurological disorders. On the other hand, very low cognitive arousal may affect one’s concentration and awareness. Data collected using wrist-worn wearable devices, in particular, skin conductance data, could be used to look into one’s cognitive-stress-related arousal. Our goal here is to present excitatory and inhibitory wearable machine-interface (WMI) architectures to control one’s cognitive-stress-related arousal state. We first present a model for skin conductance response events as a function of environmental stimuli associated with cognitive stress and relaxation. Then, we perform Bayesian filtering to estimate the hidden cognitive-stress-related arousal state. We finally close the loop using fuzzy control. In particular, we design two classes of controllers for our WMI architectures: (1) an inhibitory controller for reducing arousal and (2) an excitatory controller for increasing arousal. Our results illustrate that our simulated skin conductance responses are in agreement with experimental data. Moreover, we illustrate that our fuzzy control can successfully have both inhibitory and excitatory effects and regulate one’s cognitive stress. In conclusion, in a simulation study based on experimental data, we have illustrated the feasibility of designing both excitatory and inhibitory WMI architectures. Since wearable devices can be used conveniently in one’s daily life, the WMI architectures have a great potential to regulate one’s cognitive stress seamlessly in real-world situations.
Key Considerations for Incorporating Conversational AI in Psychotherapy.

Conversational artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the way mental health care is delivered. By gathering diagnostic information, facilitating treatment, and reviewing clinician behavior, conversational AI is poised to impact traditional approaches to delivering psychotherapy. While this transition is not disconnected from existing professional services, specific formulations of clinician-AI collaboration and migration paths between forms remain vague. In this viewpoint, we introduce four approaches to AI-human integration in mental health service delivery. To inform future research and policy, these four approaches are addressed through four dimensions of impact: access to care, quality, clinician-patient relationship, and patient self-disclosure and sharing. Although many research questions are yet to be investigated, we view safety, trust, and oversight as crucial first steps. If conversational AI isn’t safe it should not be used, and if it isn’t trusted, it won’t be. In order to assess safety, trust, interfaces, procedures, and system level workflows, oversight and collaboration is needed between AI systems, patients, clinicians, and administrators.
Scale separation and dependence of entrainment bubble-size distribution in free-surface turbulence

We consider the size spectrum of entrained bubbles under strong free-surface turbulence (SFST). We investigate the entrainment bubble-size spectrum per unit (mean) interface area, entrainment regime map.
Subterahertz Momentum Drag and Violation of Matthiessen’s Rule in an Ultraclean Ferromagnetic SrRuO 3 Metallic Thin Film

${\mathrm{SrRuO}}_{3}$, a ferromagnet with an approximately 160 K Curie temperature, exhibits a ${T}^{2}$-dependent dc resistivity below $\ensuremath{\approx}30\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$. Nevertheless, previous optical studies in the infrared and terahertz range show non-Drude dynamics at low temperatures, which seem to contradict Fermi-liquid predictions. In this work, we measure the low-frequency THz range response of thin films with residual resistivity ratios, ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{300K}/{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{4K}\ensuremath{\approx}74$. At temperatures below 30 K, we find both a sharp zero frequency mode which has a width narrower than ${k}_{B}T/\ensuremath{\hbar}$ as well as a broader zero frequency Lorentzian that has at least an order of magnitude larger scattering. Both features have temperature dependences consistent with a Fermi liquid with the wider feature explicitly showing a ${T}^{2}$ scaling. Above 30 K, there is a crossover to a regime described by a single Drude peak that we believe arises from strong interband electron-electron scattering. Such two channel Drude transport sheds light on reports of the violation of Matthiessen's rule and extreme sensitivity to disorder in metallic ruthenates.
Cation Radical-Accelerated Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution for Amination of Alkoxyarenes

Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) is a common method for arene functionalization; however, reactions of this type are typically limited to electron-deficient aromatic halides. Herein, we describe a mild, metal-free, cation-radical accelerated nucleophilic aromatic substitution (CRA-SNAr) using a potent, highly oxidizing acridinium photoredox catalyst. Selective substitution of arene C-O bonds on a wide array of aryl ether substrates was shown with a variety of primary amine nucleophiles. Mechanistic evidence is also presented that supports the proposed CRA-SNAr pathway.
Multi-Phase Three-Level Buck Converter with Current Self-Balancing for High Bandwidth Envelope Tracking Power Supply

Envelope Tracking (ET) is a power supply modulation technique for a radio frequency power amplifier (RFPA), primarily employed to improve its efficiency. This paper presents the design and performance analysis of a two-phase three–level buck converter, then compares it with its two-level counterpart for ET power supply application. Gallium Nitride (GaN) MOSFETs switching at 25 MHz are selected as power stage devices and Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) technique is used for better efficiency. A fourth-order ZVS - low pass filter (LPF) is designed to track a 20 MHz large bandwidth envelope signal and also to maintain the current self-balancing in the multi–phase converter system. The efficiency of the proposed design peaks 97.5 % at 115 W and has an average efficiency of 94.5 % at 26 W. Simulation results evince precise tracking of 20 MHz, 4G LTE envelope signal with 10 dB Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). Performance analysis indicates that the three-level option has improved average power efficiency for higher bandwidth ET applications.
BIM-based benchmarking for healthcare construction projects

Abstract In the healthcare industry, the BIM-based benchmarking approach was identified as an alternative method to improve the current laborious and error-prone benchmarking practice by reducing manual inputs required for data collection and entry. However, the current body of knowledge lacks a robust and consistent approach to obtain useful and reliable benchmarking data from heterogeneous models. To accomplish the BIM-based benchmarking for healthcare projects, this paper develops a formalized schema that aims to transform data stored in BIM models for obtaining useful and reliable benchmarking data focusing on Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and Construction Operations Building Information Exchange (COBie). Based on findings from previous research combined with case studies using five real-world information models, it defines the sets of transformation processes applicable to different groups of benchmarking data classified according to their attributes. Through the validation, it was found that the schema generated benchmarking data with a reasonable range of deviation from their actual values.
Thoroughness in Explanation of Substructure-Superstructure Relations in Introductory Sociology Textbooks:

The introductory sociology course is typically the only course most students take in sociology; hence, the introductory textbook becomes the only sociology textbook they may ever read as college st...
Syndicate Structure, Primary Allocations, and Secondary Market Outcomes in Corporate Bond Offerings

We study corporate bond offerings, including underwriting syndicate structure, primary placement transactions, and secondary market outcomes. Although bond offerings rarely include “Greenshoe” options, the syndicate “overallocates” many issues, thereby attaining net short positions. Overallocations are economically substantive, facilitate the syndicate’s price stabilization efforts, and are largely offset within a few days after issuance. Secondary market liquidity is better and retail participation is higher for overallocated issues, and these issues appreciate less in the aftermarket, i.e., are less underpriced, despite syndicate purchases that temporarily support the bond price. The results indicate that the syndicate overallocates issues when uncertainty regarding secondary market order flow is high and that overallocation facilitates redistribution of the offer toward retail traders.
Motivations of Refugee-Background Adults in Enrolling in English Language Classes in the United States:

This study examines the motivations of refugee-background adults in participating in English language classes in the United States. Five focus group discussions were held with refugee-background ad...
Peripheral Neuromodulation for Chronic Pain.

Background: Chronic, focal, neuropathic pain is difficult to treat. Local nerve blocks are either ineffective or do not last. Regular neuromodulation modalities like spinal cord stimulation (SCS) or pain pump are invasive and affect a larger area. Objectives: To discuss the indications, technique, nuances, programming, and outcomes of peripheral neuromodulation Methods: The article reviews published literature and the author's own experience of over 500 cases of peripheral neuromodulation. Results and Conclusion: Peripheral neuromodulation using peripheral nerve field stimulation (PNFS) is an effective, minimally invasive, targeted method of treatment. It is a relatively new modality in the field of neuromodulation but is used more often.
Matrix Methods and Spectral Analysis

Environmental systems may in some cases be described on the basis of the output, or response, of the system to an input, or perturbation [1]. Even if the internal structure of the system is not understood, such input-output analysis can provide at least a partial basis for predicting the evolution of the system. For example, an ecosystem might consist of a number, N, of unique species. Each species might have some sensitivity to each of several pollutants present in the environment, meaning the species will respond to the presence ofthat pollutant (i.e. the pollutant perturbs the species, with the response being a change in the state vector describing the health of that species). If each species is exposed to the full range of pollutants simultaneously, the total response of each species is related to the composite effect of all of the pollutants acting simultaneously.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Uptake of Influenza Vaccine: UK-Wide Observational Study.

Background: In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, the UK National Health Service (NHS) extended eligibility for influenza vaccination this season to approximately 32.4 million people (48.8% of the population). Knowing the intended uptake of the vaccine will inform supply and public health messaging to maximize vaccination. Objective: The objective of this study was to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the acceptance of influenza vaccination in the 2020-2021 season, specifically focusing on people who were previously eligible but routinely declined vaccination and newly eligible people. Methods: Intention to receive the influenza vaccine in 2020-2021 was asked of all registrants of the largest electronic personal health record in the NHS by a web-based questionnaire on July 31, 2020. Of those who were either newly or previously eligible but had not previously received an influenza vaccination, multivariable logistic regression and network diagrams were used to examine their reasons to undergo or decline vaccination. Results: Among 6641 respondents, 945 (14.2%) were previously eligible but were not vaccinated; of these, 536 (56.7%) intended to receive an influenza vaccination in 2020-2021, as did 466 (68.6%) of the newly eligible respondents. Intention to receive the influenza vaccine was associated with increased age, index of multiple deprivation quintile, and considering oneself to be at high risk from COVID-19. Among those who were eligible but not intending to be vaccinated in 2020-2021, 164/543 (30.2%) gave reasons based on misinformation. Of the previously unvaccinated health care workers, 47/96 (49%) stated they would decline vaccination in 2020-2021. Conclusions: In this sample, COVID-19 has increased acceptance of influenza vaccination in previously eligible but unvaccinated people and has motivated substantial uptake in newly eligible people. This study is essential for informing resource planning and the need for effective messaging campaigns to address negative misconceptions, which is also necessary for COVID-19 vaccination programs.
Single-cell antigen-specific activation landscape of CAR T infusion product identifies determinants of CD19 positive relapse in patients with ALL

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor-modified (CAR) T cells targeting CD19 have mediated dramatic responses in relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), yet a notable number of patients have CD19-positive relapse within one year of treatment. It remains unclear if the long-term response is associated with the characteristics of CAR T cells in infusion products, hindering the identification of biomarkers to predict therapeutic outcomes prior to treatment. Herein we present 101,326 single cell transcriptomes and surface protein landscape from the CAR T infusion products of 12 pediatric ALL patients upon CAR antigen-specific stimulation in comparison with TCR-mediated activation and controls. We observed substantial heterogeneity in the antigen-specific activation states, among which a deficiency of Th2 function was associated with CD19-positive relapsed patients (median remission 9.6 months) compared with very durable responders (remission>54 months). Proteomic profiles also revealed that the frequency of early memory T cell subsets, rather than activation or co-inhibitory signatures could distinguish CD19-positive relapse. Additionally, a deficit of type 1 helper and cytotoxic effector function and an enrichment for terminally differentiated CD8+ T cells exhibiting low cytokine polyfunctionality was associated with initial non-responders. By contrast, the single-cell transcriptomic data of unstimulated or TCR-activated CAR T cells failed to predict clinical responses. In aggregate, our results dissect the landscape of CAR-specific activation states in infusion products that can identify patients who do not develop a durable response to the therapy, and unveil the molecular mechanisms that may inform strategies to boost specific T cell function to maintain long term remission.
Factors Influencing Total Hip Arthroplasty in Obese Patients

The prevalence of Class III Obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m25) in black women is 18%, three times the 6 national average. Class III obesity is associated with mobility limitations, particularly hip joint 7 deterioration. Therefore black women are highly likely to come to the attention of orthopedic 8 surgeons. Weight loss associated with bariatric surgery should lead to enhanced success of hip 9 replacements. However, we present a case of a black woman who underwent Roux-en-y gastric 10 bypass with the expectation that weight loss would improve her ambulation and if necessary 11 make her a better surgical candidate for hip replacement. Her gastric bypass was successful as her BMI declined from 52.0 kg/m2 to 33.7 kg/m212. However, her hip circumference post weight 13 loss remained persistently high. As a consequence, the soft tissue tunnel geometry presented 14 major challenges. The tunnel depth as well as the immobility of the soft tissue envelope 15 interfered with retractor placement, tissue reflection and adequate surgical access to the 16 acetabulum. Therefore a traditional cup placement could not be achieved. Instead, a 17 hemiarthroplasty was performed. Her pre-surgery Harris Hip Score was 17.0. In the first few 18 months post surgery there were improvements, specifically a decrease in pain and a decreased 19 reliance on external support. But her overall functional independence never improved. This case 20 is presented to raise awareness that improved BMI category post bariatric surgery is not 21 sufficient to guarantee that orthopedic risks have been minimized. Overall, weight loss does 22 improve both the metabolic profile and anesthesia risk, but the success rate of total hip 23 arthroplasties will be low if fat mass (i.e. high hip circumference) in the operative field remains 24 high. We are now repeatedly recognizing this problem but are not finding any case reports on 25 this issue. Therefore we provide a practical approach to evaluate these patients and describe 26 ways we have found to successfully address intra-operative challenges.
Staying-at-Home with Tragedy: Self-expansion Through Narratives Promotes Positive Coping with Identity Threat

The COVID-19 pandemic created a historic opportunity to study the link between identity threat and individuals' temporary expansion of the boundaries of the self (TEBOTS) through stories. Concurrently, the relationship between eudaimonic entertainment processes and self-expansion, particularly feeling moved and self-awareness, was examined. A quasi-experiment was conducted with an online sample (N = 172) that was randomly assigned to watch either a tragic drama or comedy. Results showed that key TEBOTS predictions were largely confirmed for boundary expansion and the outcomes of narrative engagement and entertainment gratifications. Although identity threat was negatively associated with positive coping with the pandemic, this relationship turned positive when mediated by boundary expansion. Further, exposure to tragedy raised feelings of "being moved," which, in turn, was linked to self-perceptual depth and expanded boundaries of the self downstream. The present findings suggest that self-expansion through story consumption could benefit viewers' positive reframing of challenging life experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Human Communication Research is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Improving Patient Outcomes After Resuscitation with Systematic Debriefing

Debriefing skills honed in simulation can be translated to the bedside with the goals to improve patient care and learn from real life clinical scenarios. Pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest is associated with significant morbidity and mortality; debriefing afterwards has been demonstrated to improve patient outcomes. This chapter discusses the structures and processes of both “hot” and “cold” debriefing after clinical events, and describes how to optimize facilitators, address barriers, and manage difficult situations. Integration of debriefing into comprehensive resuscitation programs can improve resuscitation performance and patient outcomes.
Protonation of the oxo-bridged heme/copper assemblies: Modeling the oxidized state of the cytochrome c oxidase active site.

Abstract In this study on model compounds for the resting oxidized state of the iron‑copper binuclear center in cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), we describe the synthesis of a new μ-oxo-heme/Cu complex, [(TPP)FeIII–O–CuII(tmpa)][B(C6F5)4] (2) {TPP: tetraphenyl porphyrinate(2–); TMPA: tris(2-pyridylmethylamine)}, as well as two protonation events for three μ-oxo-heme/Cu complexes with varying peripheral substituents on the heme site. The addition of increasing amounts of strong acid to these μ-oxo-heme/Cu systems successively led to the generation of the corresponding μ-hydroxo, μ-aquo, and the dissociated complexes. The heme/Cu assemblies bridged through a water ligand are reported here for the first time and the 1H NMR and 19F NMR spectral properties are consistent with antiferromagnetically coupled high-spin iron(III) and copper(II) centers. By titration using a series of protonated amines, the pKa values for the corresponding μ-hydroxo-heme/Cu species (i.e., the first protonation event) have been reported and compared with the pKa ranges previously estimated for related systems. These synthetic systems may represent structural models for the oxidized FeIII–X–CuII resting state, or turnover intermediates and can be employed to clarify the nature of proton/electron transfer events in CcO. Synopsis The resting oxidized state of the cytochrome c oxidase active site contains an Fea3−OHx−CuB moiety. Here, we investigated two successive protonation events, for a series of μ-oxo-heme/Cu assemblies and reported the pKa values for the first protonation event. The μ-aquo-heme/Cu complexes described here are the first examples of such systems.
Ketone Ester D-β-Hydroxybutyrate-(R)-1,3 Butanediol Prevents Decline in Cardiac Function in Type 2 Diabetic Mice.

Background Heart failure is responsible for approximately 65% of deaths in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, existing therapeutics for type 2 diabetes mellitus have limited success o...
Organizational Processes in a University Department: A Report of an Action Research and Organizational Development Project

This report describes the study of a department in an urban university, during their annual faculty Retreat.
ECMO: A View from the East

The membrane lung is an extracorporeal device for directly exchanging respiratory gases in blood (1). By preventing hypoxia and hypercapnea in some patients for days or weeks the membrane lung can sustain life while otherwise intolerable pulmonary damage heals. Lung repair will be made possible since bypass with the artificial lung relieves the patient’s lungs of their primary burden of respiratory gas exchange and the handicaps of conventional ventilator therapy, high ventilator pressures and inspired oxygen tensions. Temporary circulatory assistance can also be delivered to assist the heart. In newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia after surgical repair or meconium aspiration and an unstable pulmonary circulation (pulmonary vasoconstriction and ductal shunting) partial venoarterial perfusion appears to improve survival rates (Fig.l)
Evidence for a Pneumocystis carinii Flo8-like transcription factor: insights into organism adhesion

Pneumocystis carinii (Pc) adhesion to alveolar epithelial cells is well established and is thought to be a prerequisite for the initiation of Pneumocystis pneumonia. Pc binding events occur in part through the major Pc surface glycoprotein Msg, as well as an integrin-like molecule termed PcInt1. Recent data from the Pc sequencing project also demonstrate DNA sequences homologous to other genes important in Candida spp. binding to mammalian host cells, as well as organism binding to polystyrene surfaces and in biofilm formation. One of these genes, flo8, a transcription factor needed for downstream cAMP/PKA-pathway-mediated activation of the major adhesion/flocculin Flo11 in yeast, was cloned from a Pc cDNA library utilizing a partial sequence available in the Pc genome database. A CHEF blot of Pc genomic DNA yielded a single band providing evidence this gene is present in the organism. BLASTP analysis of the predicted protein demonstrated 41 % homology to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Flo8. Northern blotting demonstrated greatest expression at pH 6.0-8.0, pH comparable to reported fungal biofilm milieu. Western blot and immunoprecipitation assays of PcFlo8 protein in isolated cyst and tropic life forms confirmed the presence of the cognate protein in these Pc life forms. Heterologous expression of Pcflo8 cDNA in flo8Δ-deficient yeast strains demonstrated that the Pcflo8 was able to restore yeast binding to polystyrene and invasive growth of yeast flo8Δ cells. Furthermore, Pcflo8 promoted yeast binding to HEK293 human epithelial cells, strengthening its functional classification as a Flo8 transcription factor. Taken together, these data suggest that PcFlo8 is expressed by Pc and may exert activity in organism adhesion and biofilm formation.
Mother-Infant Interaction and its Study

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the direction of influence in child socialization in general and in caregiver–infant interaction in particular. Theoretical and methodological approaches to caregiver–infant interaction and the directions of influence within that interaction are discussed in the context of two general theoretical perspectives for human development—the organismic and the mechanistic. These disparate models imply very different conceptualizations of behavioral development. The implications of the two models are very similar for the empirical study of the directions of effects within caregiver–infant interaction. The heuristic functions of the two theoretical perspectives would be very dissimilar. Within the organismic approach, research would focus on the (1) descriptive study of the course of development to discover the formal causes of development, which are not open to empirical determination and (2) facilitative and inhibitory effects on the course of development. Mechanistic models have been developed to order sequential relations between environmental and behavioral events. Within such an approach, research would focus on the study of the functional relations among sequences of variables, to provide the description and determinants of development.
‘One Woman's Prejudice’: Did Margaret Thatcher Cause Britain's Anti-Europeanism?

Were the British fated to clash with the European Union? Powerful traditions in British political culture certainly inclined the UK to be an ‘awkward partner’ in Europe. Yet traditions are material from which politics is constructed, not fixed frameworks for destiny. This article argues that a careful historical reconstruction of the development and consolidation of today's British Euroscepticism – with its stronghold on the political right – passes substantially through the distinctive personal influence of Margaret Thatcher. The Iron Lady's individual action and legacy, magnified by a series of contingencies, generated the core dynamics that soured Britain's ties to Europe so bitterly. Had Thatcher not personally inspired this course, the traditions of British national identity and British Conservatism in particular could very plausibly have evolved in less anti-European directions.
Liquid and Gaseous Helium as Test Fluids

The purpose of this book is to examine the possibility that liquid and/or gaseous helium at low temperatures could be useful in generating high Reynolds number flows and in testing models. In this paper, I shall take a general look at the different sorts of flow facilities one might consider, and try to identify those which appear promising enough to pursue. The first paper which pointed to the advantage of helium for testing was written by Ronald Smelt (1945). It is reproduced as an Appendix to this volume.
Powers of Appointment Under the Restatement (Third) of Property

This Article examines the various impacts of the Restatement (Third) of Property’s treatment of powers of appointment. It considers how the power of appointment device can be used by contemporary estate planners to achieve important non-tax dispositive goals: flexibility, control and creditor protection. The Article first highlights decisions made in the Law Institute - blessed Tentative Draft on powers of appointment that will impact estate planner. The author goes on to point out that the Tentative Draft provides property rules that differ in many instances from the tax rules and concepts on power of appointment, and then identifies aspects of the Tentative Draft that would usefully be clarified before its final publication.
Robust Execution of Robot Plans Using Fuzzy Logic

Intelligent agents embedded in a dynamic, uncertain environment should incorporate capabilities for both planned and reactive behavior. Many current approaches to this dual need are based on a two-level model: at the upper level, a planner generates a sequences of operations whose performance is expected (in an ideal world!) to satisfy the robot's goals; at the lower level, a controller tries to achieve these goals while dealing with the environmental contingencies. This solution requires that the controller be able to: accept a specific goal as a parameter; cope with the uncertainty and imprecision in the environment; and consider several goals simultaneously—e.g., traverse a hallway while avoiding the obstacles and people and tracking a specific landmark with its camera. A major problem in the design of such a controller is how to resolve conflicts between simultaneous goals. We describe a reactive controller for an autonomous mobile robot that uses fuzzy logic for trading off conflicting goals. This controller has been implemented on Flakey, the mobile robot of SRI International.
Gender Dynamics in Science and Technology :: From the "Leaky Pipeline" to the "Vanish Box"

This paper discusses the “Vanish Box phenomenon” found among female scientists who migrate from academia to new occupations emerging at the intersection between science and business, like technology transfer. These occupations offer not only new career paths, but also more favourable work conditions in comparison to academic science and industrial research. The ‘Vanish Box’ refers to women scientists’ recoupment, rather than loss, through their reinsertion into an alternative context in which their value may be realized, and possibly capitalized upon, to an even greater extent than in the original context from which they were made redundant. By delineating a dynamic, rather than static relation between the science and business institutional spheres, the ‘Vanish Box’ model is a more accurate representation of the gender attrition in the upper reaches of the scientific professions than either the pessimistic “leaky pipeline” view of permanent loss of women in science, or the more optimistic, but disconfirmed, “pump priming” expectation that women’s rise to high positions proportionately to male scientists would naturally occur.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Induce Proliferation and Migration of Normal and Chronic Wound Fibroblasts, and Enhance Angiogenesis In Vitro

Although chronic wounds are common and continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality, treatments for these conditions are lacking and often ineffective. A large body of evidence exists demonstrating the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for repair and regeneration of damaged tissue, including acceleration of cutaneous wound healing. However, the exact mechanisms of wound healing mediated by MSCs are unclear. In this study, we examined the role of MSC exosomes in wound healing. We found that MSC exosomes ranged from 30 to 100-nm in diameter and internalization of MSC exosomes resulted in a dose-dependent enhancement of proliferation and migration of fibroblasts derived from normal donors and chronic wound patients. Uptake of MSC exosomes by human umbilical vein endothelial cells also resulted in dose-dependent increases of tube formation by endothelial cells. MSC exosomes were found to activate several signaling pathways important in wound healing (Akt, ERK, and STAT3) and induce the expression of a number of growth factors [hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1), nerve growth factor (NGF), and stromal-derived growth factor-1 (SDF1)]. These findings represent a promising opportunity to gain insight into how MSCs may mediate wound healing.
Anisotropy and Time Dependence in Atomic Collisions

Collision excitation generally leaves atoms in anisotropic states. This anisotropy has been studied since the 1920’s as a probe of the dynamics of atomic collisions.1 Renewed interest in such anisotropy has followed the application of coincidence techniques to collision measurements,2,3 the study of collisions between optically pumped atoms4 and the discovery of anisotropy of foil excited atomic states.5 This latter development was made possible by the high time resolution of the time of flight technique used in conjunction with foil excitation. In this talk, I will briefly review the connection between anisotropy and time dependence and then discuss what we have learned from recent measurements and theories of the an isotropy of collision excited states.
The Public Policy Doctrine and Drawing the Line between Permissible and Impermissible Tax-Savings Clauses

Over a half-century ago, the Fourth Circuit in Commissioner v. Procter fashioned out of whole cloth what has become known as the public policy doctrine. This doctrine declares void certain tax-savings clauses -- those clauses that taxpayers strategically use to negate the risk of additional taxes, interest, and penalties -- that simultaneously undermine the ability of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to enforce the tax laws and thwart the judiciary's ability to render justice.As taxpayers have tested the boundaries of the public policy doctrine via their continued use of select tax-savings clauses, the public policy doctrine has evolved. In this analysis, we first explore taxpayers' use of such tax-savings clauses. Next, we review the courts' responses to taxpayers' actions and critique these responses. Finally, we lay the groundwork for the institution of important reform measures in this area of the law.We acknowledge that, in some instances, taxpayers have legitimate reasons to use tax-savings clauses; however, in may instances, reliance upon such clauses poses either a serious public policy threat (whereby the very administration of the tax system is at stake) or a less serious, but nevertheless important, policy concern (whereby taxpayers can readily circumvent their bona fide tax obligations). A line therefore needs to be drawn between permissible and impermissible tax-savings clauses; this line must strike the appropriate balance between taxpayers' quest for certainty and the IRS's mission to secure tax compliance.
Ytterbium:glass CPA regenerative amplifier pumped by a free-running Ti:sapphire laser

Chirped pulse amplification (CPA) has enabled efficient energy extraction from solid-state lasers.1
Analysis of oscillator amplitude control, and its application to automatic tuning of quality factor for active LC filters

This paper presents an analytical solution to the amplitude control of the Q-enhanced LC resonator. It is shown that due to the nonlinearity of the active devices, effective amplitude control is realizable by a conventional magnitude-locked-loop, and that it is applicable to the automatic quality factor tuning of active LC filters. The effects of the weak nonlinearity magnitude and the amplitude used in the reference resonator on the achieved Q of filter resonator(s) is discussed. The results are verified by simulations and breadboard experiments.
Undergraduate Student Satisfaction and Achievement at the GetWET Observatory: A Fluid Learning Experience at Colorado State University

Abstract The GetWET Observatory was developed as part of an overall course redesign of the Introductory Geology Laboratory at Colorado State University to improve student learning of key surface and groundwater concepts for nonmajors in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Consisting of six groundwater monitoring wells, the GetWET Observatory is adjacent to a gauged perennial creek on campus property. Students complete hands-on, field-based exercises related to surface and ground-water, with emphasis on local water quantity and quality. Overarching questions about the responsiveness of the curricular changes to student's needs were evaluated through a student perception survey. The effectiveness of student learning of key concepts of surface and groundwater was evaluated through pre- and post-knowledge assessments. Results of the perception survey indicate that the needs of students from all majors and colleges were equally met, that males report a higher rate of enjoyment of the GetWET expe...
Relationships between identity formation and computer use among black and white emerging adult females

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between computer use, identity formation, and self-esteem among Black and White emerging adult females. One hundred 56 female college students participated in this study by completing a survey that included the Internet/Computer Use Questionnaire, the Ego Identity Process Questionnaire, and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale. Racial differences were found between Black and White females with regard to perceived problematic use of the Internet and use of the computer for communication and use of the Internet for schoolwork. In addition, differences between Black and White females were found between identity formation and problematic use of the Internet and between self-esteem and type of use of the Internet. These findings were discussed in relation to future research and interventions.
Lysosomal Cathepsin B1: Partial Characterization in Rat Preputial Gland and Recompartmentation in Response to Estradiol‐17β

Analysis of the properties of the predominant acid proteinase of rat preputial gland has been carried out on partially purified extracts of lysosomes isolated from this organ, using a fluorometric assay and the synthetic substrate, carbobenzyloxy-alanyl-arginyl-arginyl-4-methoxy-β-naphthylamide. By means of exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G-200, a molecular weight of ∼ 25000 was estimated. The enzymic activity exhibited a pH optimum of 6.2. Calcium ion was required for full activity within a narrow range of concentrations, beyond which inhibition was noted. Substrate specificity of the enzyme toward arginyl and lysyl residues and an absolute requirement for sulfhydryl activation, coupled with the capacity to inactivate aldolase, strongly suggested cathepsin B1-like character. This inference was supported by relative efficiencies of several classes of inhibitors. Powerful constraint of activity was exhibited by the known cathepsin-B1 inhibitors, leupeptin and antipain, while pepstatin, a recognized antagonist of cathepsin D, was without influence. Neither lima bean trypsin inhibitor nor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride was active. However, substantial inhibition was seen with tosyl-l-lysyl-chloromethyl ketone, iodoacetate, and ovomucoid. Collectively, these data strongly implicate cathepsin B1 as the predominant lysosomal proteinase of rat preputialgland. In extension of previous work with selected lysosomal hydrolases, estradiol-17β, but not the inactive 17α-epimer, elicited, within 2 min of its administration, a marked reduction in structural latency of cathepsin B1 in lysosome-enriched fractions isolated from the preputial gland of the ovariectomized rat, without evoking concomitant alteration in the total activities in the corresponding unfractionated homogenates. Moreover, administration of the active hormone led to the rapid appearance of this enzymic activity, foreign to the nucleus in the controls, in ultrapurified nuclei isolated froth this organ. The potential significance of such recompartmentation in the subsequent secondary responses initiated by the hormone, including mitogenesis, is discussed.
The cataract causing Cx50-S50P mutant inhibits Cx43 and intercellular communication in the lens epithelium.

Abstract Mutations in Connexin50 (Cx50) cause cataracts in both humans and mice. The mechanism(s) behind how mutated connexins lead to a variety of cataracts have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we tested whether the cataract inducing Cx50-S50P mutant interacts with wild-type Connexin43 (Cx43) to form mixed channels with attenuated function. Using dual whole-cell voltage clamp, immunofluorescent microscopy and in situ dye transfer analysis we identified a unique interaction between the mutant subunit and wild-type Cx43. In paired Xenopus oocytes, co-expression of Cx50-S50P with Cx43 reduced electrical coupling ≥ 90%, without a reduction in protein expression. In transfected cells, Cx50-S50P did not target to cell–cell interfaces by itself, but co-expression of Cx50-S50P with Cx43 resulted in its localization at areas of cell–cell contact. We used Cx43 conditional knockout, Cx50 knockout and Cx50-S50P mutant mice to examine this interaction in vivo. Mice expressing both Cx43 and Cx50-S50P in the lens epithelium revealed a unique expression pattern for Cx43 and a reduction in Cx43 protein. In situ dye transfer experiments showed that the Cx50-S50P mutant, but not the Cx50, or Cx43 conditional knockout, greatly inhibited epithelial cell gap junctional communication in a manner similar to a double knockout of Cx43 and Cx50. The inhibitory affects of Cx50-S50P lead to diminished electrical coupling in vitro, as well as a discernable reduction in epithelial cell dye permeation. These data suggest that dominant inhibition of Cx43 mediated epithelial cell coupling may play a role in the lens pathophysiology caused by the Cx50-S50P mutation.
An improved transfer map approach to longitudinal beam dynamics

Abstract In this paper we present our transfer map approach for studying longitudinal beam dynamics. It combines synchrotron motion mapping equations with Differential Algebraic transfer map extraction. The novel approach can take into account a variety of effects, including non-relativistic effects, arbitrary changes to RF voltage and synchronous phase, as well as nonlinearities and coupling between transverse and longitudinal beam optics. All these are made possible efficiently and accurately, without the need for time consuming element-by-element 6D particle tracking. Moreover, longitudinal space charge effects can be readily treated too. The utility of this approach is demonstrated by applying it to the study of ion beam acceleration in a proposed pre-booster ring of the Medium Energy Electron Ion Collider (MEIC) facility at TJNAF.
Market power and the institutional asymmetry of the posted offer trading institution

Abstract This paper reports a series of market experiments examining the conjecture that the institutional asymmetry inherent in posted-offer pricing can suppress the exercise of market power by the non-posting side of the market. The data clearly support this conjecture if market power is defined as a unilateral incentive to manipulate the market price via strategic quantity withholding.
Thermodynamics of monovacancy formation

Abstract Calculations based upon recent models for the frequency spectrum of crystals containing non-interacting monovacancies have been carried out. It has been shown that, if these models are essentially correct, they will not lead to non-linearities in Arrhenius plots of the total vacancy concentration, nor to elastic modulus defects such as have been observed in numerous metals.
Depletion of ATP in suspensions of isolated cnidae: A possible role of ATP in the maturation and maintenance of anthozoan cnidae

Abstract 1. I. Suspensions of cnidae isolated from the sea anemones Haliplanella luciae and Metridium senile were incubated in solutions of 1.5 mM ATP. 2. 2. Over a 3–5 day period, ATP concentrations decreased faster in suspensions of undischarged cnidae than in suspensions of discharged cnidae or in solutions of ATP alone. 3. 3. For H. luciae nematocysts, the percentage of immature nematocysts was greater in suspensions of undischarged nematocysts without ATP than in suspensions of undischarged nematocysts with ATP. 4. 4. Usable energy in the form of ATP might be required for cnida maturation and maintenance.
The erosion of electrical contacts by the normal Arc

The cathode material transfer under the action of the `normal arc' has been measured for a number of elements and alloys. In all cases auxiliary circuits were used to record the accumulative arc duration and the voltage/current characteristics of the arc, from which the total arc energy as well as the total charge passed in the arc could be accurately calculated. Within the experimental errors the material transfer from the cathode was found to be directly proportional to the total charge passed in the arc-a relationship first proposed by R. Holm. It is shown that, for most practical purposes, the cathode `normal arc' transfer can be calculated with a reasonable accuracy according to the formula given by Llewellyn Jones.
DETERMINISTIC FRACTAL GEOMETRY AND PROBABILITY

A possible connection between deterministic fractal geometry and the most important probabilistic models (Gaussian distribution and Brownian motion) is exhibited.
SU‐FF‐J‐20: An Evaluation of User Variability for Image‐Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) Shift Determination

Purpose: To evaluate the Image‐Guided(IGRT) shift variability calculated by different users using the same patient data and same IGRT process. Method and Materials:IGRT was performed using the Siemens Primatom. This system consists of a Siemens Primus Linear Accelerator and a Siemens Emotion diagnostic CT on rails. Patients have a daily, pretreatment CT scan taken that is transferred to the Siemens Coherence Workstation where the daily CT is fused with the original treatment planningCT. The fusion is performed so that the daily internal organ or critical structure position can be determined and the organ/structure can be aligned to give the same position relative to the isocenter that was determined from the treatment plan. A shift in the x, y and z directions are made to facilitate this alignment. Four users retrospectively calculated the shifts required for an IGRT patient using the same CT data set and the same IGRT process. The treatment area for the patient was the prostate gland and a total of 39 daily shifts were performed. Results: The maximum variation on any one day was 0.90cm in the right/left direction, 1.10cm in the superior/inferior direction and 0.93cm in the anterior/posterior direction. The averages of the maximum daily variations were 0.39cm, 0.54cm and 0.55cm respectively. Conclusion: There are multiple systems that will perform IGRT but the advantage to using CT‐on‐rails systems is the high soft tissue resolution you get from the diagnostic CT sets. The higher resolution allows the user much more information that can be included in the shift evaluation. Our results show the user variability to be acceptable but when implementing this type of IGRT, user variability must be considered.
The theory of luminescent states in semiconductors: Vibronic interaction

Abstract We review the role of vibronic (electron-phonon) coupling in determining the properties and spectra of luminescent states in covalent semiconductors and analyze the consequences of the symmetry of the electronic and vibrational wave functions involved. We show that a degenerate hole or electron state which is strongly coupled to the lattice can produce a Jahn-Teller distortion which markedly modifies its properties. We present calculations of reduction factors for the deformation potentials and g -factors of these states as a function of the strength of their coupling to lattice modes of symmetry E and T 2 and discuss the effect of this coupling on the energies and oscillator strengths of bound excitons. As an example we show that the Bi exciton in GaP is strongly coupled to these assymetric modes and that many of its properties are modified as a result. In particular, the large oscillator strength of its B-line emission is due to this coupling, and its binding energy relative to a free exciton is derived almost entirely from the vibronic coupling (including the symmetric A 1 modes). The consequences of these results for other states in semiconductors are briefly discussed.