cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cryocrystallography: effect of cooling medium on sample cooling rate

The rates of cooling of small samples with cold N2 gas (100 K), liquid N2 (77 K) and liquid propane (100 K) have been measured. The samples were one bare Cu-constantan thermocouple and one coated with a 0.25 mm layer of silicone rubber cement. Gas cooling yielded the lowest rate, liquid N2 the highest. With the gas, cooling of the centers of the samples from 295 to 140 K took 0.8 and 2 s for the bare and coated samples, respectively; with liquid N2 the times were 0.15 and 0.6 s, and with liquid propane they were 0.15–0.18 and 1.2 s, respectively (time reproducibility is within ±10%).
Hemicrania continua with aura

Hemicrania continua is a primary headache disorder that is characterized by a continuous unilateral headache of moderate severity, exacerbations of severe pain and complete responsiveness to indomethacin. We report four patients with a unique variant of hemicrania continua: visual auras that precede or accompany the pain exacerbations.
Admission control for roadside unit access in Intelligent Transportation Systems

Roadside units can provide a variety of potential services for passing-by vehicles in future Intelligent Transportation Systems. Since each vehicle has a limited time period when passing by a roadside unit, it is important to predict whether a service can be finished in time. In this paper, we focus on admission control problems, which are important especially when a roadside unit is in or close to overloaded conditions. Traditional admission control schemes mainly concern long-term flows, such as VOIP and multimedia service. They are not applicable to highly mobile vehicular environments. Our analysis finds that it is not necessarily accurate to use deadline to evaluate the risk whether a flow can be finished in time. Instead, we introduce a potential metric to more accurately predict the total data size that can be transmitted to/from a vehicle. Based on this new concept, we formulate the admission control task as a linear programming problem and then propose a lexicographically maxmin algorithm to solve the problem. Simulation results demonstrate that our scheme can efficiently make admission decisions for coming transmission requests and effectively avoid system overload.
Segmentation of the Liver from Abdominal CT Using Markov Random Field Model and GVF Snakes

Liver segmentation from scans of the abdominal area is an important step in several diagnostic processes. CT scans of the abdominal area contain several organs in close proximity exhibiting similar image characteristics. In this paper, we present preliminary results on an algorithm that uses Markov random fields to obtain an initial contour of the liver. Gradient vector fields (GVF) and active contours are used to refine the initial estimate and segment the liver. Tests are reported on 13 clinical cases using a similarity metric that combines area and space.
“MRI Stealth” robot for prostate interventions

The paper reports an important achievement in MRI instrumentation, a pneumatic, fully actuated robot located within the scanner alongside the patient and operating under remote control based on the images. Previous MRI robots commonly used piezoelectric actuation limiting their compatibility. Pneumatics is an ideal choice for MRI compatibility because it is decoupled from electromagnetism, but pneumatic actuators were hardly controllable. This achievement was possible due to a recent technology breakthrough, the invention of a new type of pneumatic motor, PneuStep 1, designed for the robot reported here with uncompromised MRI compatibility, high-precision, and medical safety. MrBot is one of the "MRI stealth" robots today (the second is described in this issue by Zangos et al.). Both of these systems are also multi-imager compatible, being able to operate with the imager of choice or cross-imaging modalities. For MRI compatibility the robot is exclusively constructed of nonmagnetic and dielectric materials such as plastics, ceramics, crystals, rubbers and is electricity free. Light-based encoding is used for feedback, so that all electric components are distally located outside the imager's room. MRI robots are modern, digital medical instruments in line with advanced imaging equipment and methods. These allow for accessing patients within closed bore scanners and performing interventions under direct (in scanner) imaging feedback. MRI robots could allow e.g. to biopsy small lesions imaged with cutting edge cancer imaging methods, or precisely deploy localized therapy at cancer foci. Our robot is the first to show the feasibility of fully automated in-scanner interventions. It is customized for the prostate and operates transperineally for needle interventions. It can accommodate various needle drivers for different percutaneous procedures such as biopsy, thermal ablations, or brachytherapy. The first needle driver is customized for fully automated low-dose radiation seed brachytherapy. This paper gives an introduction to the challenges of MRI robot compatibility and presents the solutions adopted in making the MrBot. Its multi-imager compatibility and other preclinical tests are included. The robot shows the technical feasibility of MRI-guided prostate interventions, yet its clinical utility is still to be determined.
Successful renal re-transplantation in the presence of pre-existing anti-DQ5 antibodies when there was zero mismatch at class I human leukocyte antigen A, B, & C: a case report

Hyperacute rejection may be prevented by avoiding the transplantation of kidneys into patients with pre-existing anti-donor Class I human leukocyte antigen antibodies. However, the role of anti-donor-Class II-human leukocyte antigen-DQ antibodies is not established. The question is ever more relevant as more sensitive cross-matching techniques detect many additional antibodies during the final crossmatch. We now report successful renal transplantation of a patient who had pre-existing antibodies against his donor's human leukocyte antigen-DQ5. Our patient, a Caucasian man, was 34 years of age when he received his first deceased donor renal transplant. After 8 years, his first transplant failed from chronic allograft dysfunction and an earlier bout of Banff 1A cellular rejection. The second deceased donor kidney transplant was initially allocated to the patient due to a 0 out of 6 mismatch. The B cell crossmatch was mildly positive, while the T Cell crossmatch was negative. Subsequent assays showed that the patient had preformed antibodies for human leukocyte antigen DQ5 against his second donor. Despite having preformed antibodies against the donor, the patient continues to have excellent allograft function two years after his second renal transplant. The presence of pre-existing antibodies against human leukocyte antigen DQ5 does not preclude transplantation. The relevance of having other antibodies against class II human leukocyte antigens prior to transplantation remains to be studied.
Deformation near the epicenter of the 1984 Round Valley, California, earthquake

Abstract A trilateration network extending from near Mammoth Lakes to Bishop, California, was resurveyed following the 23 November 1984, Round Valley earthquake ( M L = 5.8). The network had previously been surveyed in 1982. Deformation apparently associated with the Round Valley earthquake was detected as well as deformation due to the expansion of a magma chamber 8 km beneath the resurgent dome in the Long Valley caldera and right-lateral slip on the uppermost 2 km of the 1983 rupture surface in the south moat of the caldera. The deformation associated with Round Valley earthquake suggests left-lateral slip on the north-northeasterly striking vertical plane defined by the aftershock hypocenters located by A. S. Ryall. The earthquake moment implied by the deformation is about 3.8·10 17 N-m, a value equivalent to an earthquake magnitude M L = 5.7 in good agreement with the observed magnitude of 5.8. A 0.053 km 3 expansion of the magma chamber and 0.32 m slip on the 1983 rupture surface in the 1982-1985 interval was also required to account for the observed deformation.
Surface acoustic wave microfluidics

The recent introduction of surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology onto lab-on-a-chip platforms has opened a new frontier in microfluidics. The advantages provided by such SAW microfluidics are numerous: simple fabrication, high biocompatibility, fast fluid actuation, versatility, compact and inexpensive devices and accessories, contact-free particle manipulation, and compatibility with other microfluidic components. We believe that these advantages enable SAW microfluidics to play a significant role in a variety of applications in biology, chemistry, engineering and medicine. In this review article, we discuss the theory underpinning SAWs and their interactions with particles and the contacting fluids in which they are suspended. We then review the SAW-enabled microfluidic devices demonstrated to date, starting with devices that accomplish fluid mixing and transport through the use of travelling SAW; we follow that by reviewing the more recent innovations achieved with standing SAW that enable such actions as particle/cell focusing, sorting and patterning. Finally, we look forward and appraise where the discipline of SAW microfluidics could go next.
Single incision laparoscopic ileocecectomy for pediatric Crohn disease

Background Ileocecectomy is a mainstay surgical therapy for pediatric Crohn disease. However, there are few descriptions of single-incision laparoscopic ileocecectomy (SIL-I) in the pediatric population. This video describes our technique of the SIL-I, as well as our initial experience in pediatric patients with Crohn disease. Video runtime: 4:54.
Proper Homotopy Theory and Transfers for Infinite Groups

The transfer map has for a long time been an extremely useful tool in algebraic topology. In its original meaning (i.e. applied to finite coverings), it allows one to obtain immediate qualitative information about group co-homology, such as the standard remark that the mod p cohomology of a group embeds as a direct summand in the mod p-cohomology of its p-Sylow subgroup. Also, the maps B∑ n → Q(S 0 ) arising in the Barratt-Priddy-Quillen Theorem are really transfers. The more general transfer for fibre bundles with fibres a compact manifold [1], due to Becker-Gottlieb, has been extensively applied, in particular to give an elementary proof of the Adams conjecture. This usefulness suggests that one should attempt to develop an analogous theory for coverings whose structure group is infinite In this paper, we outline how to do this.
Perturbation Theory and Its Applications

The correlation energy of many-electron systems is of the greatest interest and importance in atoms and molecules, for which modern computing techniques allow determination of the Hartree-Fock energy with great precision.
Predictive reliability and lifetime methodologies for circuit boards

Abstract This research highlights the criteria and methodologies of a simulation tool that predicts the reliability and remaining lifetime of circuit boards. A new approach to determine component position in circuit boards is presented, where the criteria of determining the position of the failed components on the board layout and their effect on the entire board are demonstrated. Given an existing design and specified operating conditions, a user is able to evaluate circuit boards and determine which components, sets of components, or the complete board are most likely to fail and when. This in turn will allow one to anticipate and identify failures before they occur, thus reducing downtime and saving money.
Assessing the Walkability of the Workplace: A New Audit Tool:

Abstract Purpose. Walking can be incorporated into most people's daily routines if the process is made convenient by a well-designed built environment. Walkability rarely is assessed in the workplace, where adults spend much of their time. Methods. From existing tools, we developed an instrument to audit walkability at a single government agency's facilities, which were located in multiple states. We used a five-point scale to evaluate nine elements of walkability: pedestrian facilities, pedestrian-vehicle conflicts, crosswalks, route maintenance, walkway width, roadway buffer, universal accessibility, aesthetics, and shade. Weighted scores ranged from 20 to 39 (poor), to 40 to 69 (fair), to 70 to 100 (good). Results. Of 79 walking route segments surveyed on 10 agency campuses, 34% were rated poor, 32% fair, and 34% good. Repeat assessment of 20 walking route segments by three independent observers yielded similar scores. Conclusion. Facility planners may find this walkability instrument useful in identif...
Reinvigorating Innovation: Lessons Learned from the Wright Brothers

The Department of Defense (DOD) increasingly recognizes that it must do more to spur innovation to maintain its technological superiority. This article suggests that DOD’s leadership make time for David McCullough’s recent biography, The Wright Brothers, as an aviation anecdote chock full of fundamental lessons that DOD must embrace to succeed. Among other things, this article encourages DoD to consider - in light of the Wright Brothers' experiences and successes - experimenting with prizes and contests; looking outside the inner circle (including conventional contractors and sources of RD appreciating that bigger isn’t always better; recognizing that prototyping makes sense - DoD should embrace "fly before you buy"; embracing, understanding, and rewarding responsible risk-taking; and coming to grips with the reality that, today, innovation respects no geographical boundaries.
The Changing Role of the Product Manager in Consumer Goods Companies

A recent study examines the current status of the product manager's role and the changes it has undergone.
SURGICAL PATHOLOGY OF THE UTERINE CERVIX : DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEMS AND CONTROVERSIES

Some of the more interesting and controversial issues concerning the pathology of the uterine cervix have been addressed in this article. It is hoped that this brief overview will serve as a stimulus for the reader to delve into some of these topics in greater detail either by critical examination of the literature or reporting one's own experience with these unusual tumors. A heightened awareness of the aforementioned "tumor-like" lesions may avert a misdiagnosis of malignancy with potentially disastrous consequences.
Repellent application strategy for wild rodents and cottontail rabbits

Abstract Effective chemical repellents and repellent application strategies are needed to manage damages caused by wild rodents and rabbits to agricultural resources. For the purpose of comparatively investigating the behavioral response of wild rodents and rabbits to a chemical repellent, we experimentally evaluated the concentration-response relationship of an anthraquinone-based repellent in California voles ( Microtus californicus Peale), Richardson’s ground squirrels ( Urocitellus richardsonii Sabine), deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus Wagner) and cottontail rabbits ( Sylvilagus audubonii Baird) in captivity. We observed 52–56% feeding repellency for whole oats treated with 10,800 ppm anthraquinone or 18,500 ppm anthraquinone in mice and squirrels, and 84–85% repellency for oats treated with 18,300 ppm anthraquinone or 19,600 ppm anthraquinone in voles and rabbits, respectively. In addition to providing the negative postingestive consequences necessary for conditioned food avoidance, the anthraquinone-based repellent also absorbs ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths that are visible to most wild birds. For the purpose of developing a repellent application strategy to modify the behavior of vertebrate pests, we therefore conducted a conditioned avoidance experiment by offering repellent- and UV-treated food to California voles in a subsequent behavioral assay. Relative to unconditioned test subjects ( P = 0.3161), voles conditioned with the UV, postingestive repellent subsequently avoided whole oats treated only with an UV cue ( P = 0.0109). These behavioral responses to anthraquinone-based repellents and UV feeding cues can be exploited as a repellent application strategy for wild mammals. We discuss potential applications of preplant seed treatments and surface treatments that include postingestive repellents and related visual cues for the protection of agricultural resources associated with mammalian depredation.
Validation of the Hong Kong Liver Cancer Staging System in Determining Prognosis of the North American Patients Following Intra-arterial Therapy.

Background & Aims There is debate over the best way to stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We attempted to validate the prognostic and clinical utility of the recently developed Hong Kong Liver Cancer (HKLC) staging system, a hepatitis B–based model, and compared data with that from the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system in a North American population that underwent intra-arterial therapy (IAT). Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 1009 patients with HCC who underwent IAT from 2000 through 2014. Most patients had hepatitis C or unresectable tumors; all patients underwent IAT, with or without resection, transplantation, and/or systemic chemotherapy. We calculated HCC stage for each patient using 5-stage HKLC (HKLC-5) and 9-stage HKLC (HKLC-9) system classifications, and the BCLC system. Survival information was collected up until the end of 2014 at which point living or unconfirmed patients were censored. We compared performance of the BCLC, HKLC-5, and HKLC-9 systems in predicting patient outcomes using Kaplan-Meier estimates, calibration plots, C statistic, Akaike information criterion, and the likelihood ratio test. Results Median overall survival time, calculated from first IAT until date of death or censorship, for the entire cohort (all stages) was 9.8 months. The BCLC and HKLC staging systems predicted patient survival times with significance (P Conclusions In a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent IAT for unresectable HCC, we found the HKLC-5 staging system to have the best combination of performances in survival separation, calibration, and discrimination; it consistently outperformed the BCLC system in predicting survival times of patients. The HKLC system identified patients with HCC of stages IV and V who are unlikely to benefit from IAT.
The Philippine ICT Industry and the Middle Income Trap

This chapter constitutes a macroanalysis of the Philippine Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector, which has come to be a critical part of the country’s economic development. It investigates the role of this sector in relation to the (lower) Middle Income Trap (MIT), which is considered as a major factor for the generally poor performance of the Philippines since the end of the world war. The analysis focuses on two structural phenomena that have been associated with the MIT: early deindustrialization and product trap. To this end, the ICT sector is divided into the soft portion corresponding to the services sector and the hard portion corresponding to the manufacturing sector. The soft portion analysis uses the three Kaldorian laws to investigate whether or not the early deindustrialization is premature (bad) or precocious (good). The hard portion analysis uses product space proximity and input-output tables to assess the nature of the product trap in the Philippines. The general conclusion is that there is a need for a strategic look at the ICT sector, especially with regards to the very real possibility that the ICT industry poses the risks of slowing down the growth of the Philippines through premature deindustrialization and a product trap.
CHARACTERIZATION OF TENACIOUS RESIDUE OF ALKALINE CIRCULATION CLEANING1

Circulation cleaning presents many opportunities for advancement in liquid food handling systems, but the effectiveness commonly must be evaluated by means other than visual inspection. To study this problem of evaluation, a laboratory system was developed to simulate the soiling and cleaning process of a commercial high-temperature short-time pasteurizer unit. Proof of similarity was obtained by determining quantity of soil at various cleaning intervals and through qualitative examination of the soil with thin-layer chromatography, gas liquid chromatography, and infrared spectroscopy. Lipoidal materials were found to be most resistant to alkaline cleaning. Material removed near the end of the cleaning cycle and material removed by ether rinse of the equipment after the cleaning cycle were similar to milkfat in the milk used for soiling and to the residues recovered from early intervals of cleaning. The removal process for lipoidal material was not attributable to saponification, because little saponifica...
Evaluations of deep convolutional neural networks for automatic identification of malaria infected cells

This paper studied automatic identification of malaria infected cells using deep learning methods. We used whole slide images of thin blood stains to compile an dataset of malaria-infected red blood cells and non-infected cells, as labeled by a group of four pathologists. We evaluated three types of well-known convolutional neural networks, including the LeNet, AlexNet and GoogLeNet. Simulation results showed that all these deep convolution neural networks achieved classification accuracies of over 95%, higher than the accuracy of about 92% attainable by using the support vector machine method. Moreover, the deep learning methods have the advantage of being able to automatically learn the features from the input data, thereby requiring minimal inputs from human experts for automated malaria diagnosis.
Early warning look ahead metrics: The Percent Milestone Backlog metric

This paper describes the purpose, development methodology, and utility of the Percent Milestone Backlog metric that was jointly developed by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and The Aerospace Corporation to monitor the execution performance of GSFC flight projects that are under development. All complex development projects experience delays and corresponding backlogs of their project control milestones during their acquisition lifecycles. As part of a larger set of Early Warning Look Ahead metrics that were developed to monitor GSFC projects' cost and schedule performance, the Percent Milestone Backlog metric is particularly revealing, and has utility as a stand-alone execution performance monitoring tool that measures performance independently of Earned Value Management (EVM), and provides insights of project performance relative to historical successful projects. Monthly milestone backlog data were collected on a large collection of historical NASA flight projects. The backlog data were converted to a percent backlog relative to the planned milestone completion performance, and were then normalized to cover the period of acquisition from Preliminary Design Review (PDR) to Launch Readiness Date (LRD). From this normalized dataset, a “region of normality” was discovered that depicts historical percent milestone backlog versus time. This region describes the maximum and minimum percent backlog observed by the historical projects at any stage of their acquisition lifecycle beginning at PDR. Given this region, the metric then plots the percent backlog performance of a project that is being monitored as a function of time from PDR to the present. Those projects whose percent backlog falls within the “region of normality” as described by the historical projects are considered “healthy,” and behaving normally despite their backlog. On the other hand, those projects whose percent backlog falls outside the “region of normality” are considered to be at risk of a schedule overrun, and worthy of further intervention. Furthermore, the “region of normality” is subdivided into “shades of normality,” providing an indication that a currently “healthy” project may be headed for trouble. The Percent Milestone Backlog metric provides actionable insight (independent of EVM) to GSFC management on the milestone execution performance of GSFC flight project acquisitions. But the method could easily be extended to any kind of commodity that can extract similar performance data. For NASA, this method could be applied to other centers such as Marshall Space Flight Center or Kennedy Space Center. The method could also be applied to other agencies and organizations. GSFC management has found the Percent Milestone Backlog metric to be an important tool in their management oversight toolkit.
Use of Intraoperative Ultrasound During Spinal Surgery

Study Design:Review and technical report.Objective:Intraoperative ultrasound has been used by spine surgeons since the early 1980s. Since that time, more advanced modes of intraoperative imaging an...
Children’s Decision to Transmit Information is Guided by their Evaluation of the Nature of that Information

Recent findings have shown that children’s teaching is guided by their evaluation of what a pupil does versus does not know. While children certainly teach to remedy a knowledge gap between themselves and a learner, we argue that children’s appraisal of the nature of the knowledge that they are seeking to convey and not just whether a knowledge gap exists plays an important role in children’s decision to transmit information. Specifically, we argue that children are more likely to transmit information a pupil does not know in at least three cases: if that information is difficult for the learner to acquire on her own, generic rather than specific, and normative rather than descriptive.
Recognizing anterior metaphyseal femoral bone loss during uncemented total hip arthroplasty: the skylight sign.

During preparation for uncemeted femoral arthroplasty, a phenomenon has been observed that it in dicates thinning of anterior metaphyseal bone to a critical level light can be seen from within the canal passing through the anterior cortex. This skylight sign alerts the surgeon that a cortical defect or fracture can occur on reaming broaching, or component insertion. In 420 consecutive anthroplasties, a skylig sign was remoted in 97 (23%) hips. In 5 of those hips an oval cortical detect was created and in 3 hips a fracture occured during broaching or inserticon. Loosening developed in 1 hip with fracture. No fractures or defects ocurred in hips without a skylight sign. If a skylight sign is present, the featur is at risk, and preventive measures should be taken.
Paragonimus westermani (Kerbert 1878)

The human lung fluke Paragonimus westermani is widely distributed throughout the Orient and the Indian subcontinent. It is found in Japan, China, Micronesia, New Guinea, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, India, and the Philippines. A number of cases in Southeast Asian refugees have been reported in the United States, particularly among the 60,000 immigrants in California’s San Joaquin valley.1 P. westermani can also infect wild and domestic mammals, such as foxes, civets, tigers, leopards, panthers, mongooses, wolves, pigs, dogs, and cats.
DIFFERENCES IN IN VIVO FUNCTIONAL CAPACITIES OF AVIAN PRECURSOR B AND T CELLS FOLLOWING IN VITRO INCUBATION

Results of previous experiments in this laboratory have pointed to the possible existence of separate lineages of precursor T (PT) and precursor B (PB) cells in avian embryonic hematopoietic tissues (1,2). In view of these findings we have suggested that the bursa and thymus are not populated by multipotential stem cells (3,4), but rather, by cells already differentiated to the level of a committed PT and PB cell respectively. With this as a working model, we were interested in determining whether the postulated precursor cell populations displayed differential sensitivity to a variety of experimental procedures, resulting in a possible elimination of one of the two postulated cell types.
Association between the "Timed Up and Go Test" at transplant evaluation and outcomes after kidney transplantation.

BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated the Timed Up and Go Test's (TUGT) ability to forecast postoperative outcomes for several surgical specialties. Evaluations of the TUGT for waitlist and posttransplant outcomes have yet to be examined in kidney transplantation. OBJECTIVE To assess the prognostic utility of the TUGT and its associations with waitlist and posttransplant outcomes for kidney transplant candidates. DESIGN AND METHODS Single-center, prospective study of 518 patients who performed TUGT during their transplant evaluation between 9/1/2013-11/30/2014. TUGT times were evaluated as a continuous variable or 3-level discrete categorical variable with TUGT times categorized as long (>9 seconds), average (8-9 seconds), or short (5-8 seconds). RESULTS Transplanted individuals had shorter TUGT times than those who remained on the waitlist (8.99 vs 9.79 seconds, P < 0.001). Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression showed that after adjusting for age, there was no association between TUGT times and probability of waitlist removal (OR 0.997 [0.814-1.221]), prolonged length of stay posttransplant (OR 1.113 [0.958-1.306] for deceased donor, OR 0.983 [0.757-1.277] for living donor), and 30-day readmissions (OR 0.984 [0.845-1.146] for deceased donor, OR 1.254 [0.976-1.613] for living donor). CONCLUSIONS The TUGT was not associated with waitlist removal or prolonged hospitalization for kidney transplant candidates. Alternative assessments of global health, such as functional status or frailty, should be considered for evaluation of potential kidney transplant candidates.
Affiliation value and extracurricular commitment moderate associations between peer victimization and depression

Abstract This study examined whether the prospective association between peer victimization and depressive symptoms is moderated by early adolescents' affiliation value (i.e., desire for social contact and close relationships) and extracurricular commitment (i.e., importance attributed to involvement in adult-led organized activities). Data were collected initially from 123 early adolescents in the fifth or sixth grade and again ten months later, following the transition to middle school. The association between peer victimization and adolescent-reported depressive symptoms was stronger at higher levels of parent-reported affiliation value compared to lower levels of affiliation value, and this moderation effect was consistent across models with adolescent-, parent-, and teacher-reported peer victimization. In addition, teacher-reported peer victimization predicted depressive symptoms among adolescents who were not highly committed to an organized extracurricular activity. Results suggest that social values and extracurricular commitment may be useful prevention or intervention targets.
Caregiver-Implemented Intervention for Communication and Motor Outcomes for Infants and Toddlers:

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of coaching caregivers to embed both communication and motor outcomes concurrently within daily routines of their infants or toddlers with signi...
Direct and inverse inequalities forϕ-Fejér mean-square approximations

We consider approximation of a functionfe W2l (R1),l ≥ 0, by linear operators of the form $$K_\sigma ^\varphi (f;x) = \frac{1}{{\sqrt {2\pi } }}\int_{R_1 } \varphi \left( {\frac{u}{\sigma }} \right)\mathop f\limits^ \sim (u)e^{iux} du,\sigma > 0.$$
“‘The History of America Is the History of Private Property’: The Politics of Home in Clybourne Park and Beneatha’s Place ”

Buckner investigates the interwoven themes of home, hate, and history in Bruce Norris’s Clybourne Park (2011) and Kwame Kwei-Armah’s Beneatha’s Place (2013). Each play confronts racism through the filter of humor to address how the specter of race influences individual and community efforts to realize the “American Dream” of home ownership, prosperity, and equality for all. Employing Una Chaudhuri’s materialist theories of home as a point of departure for negotiations of postmodern diaspora, Buckner argues that Norris and Kwei-Armah examine racism spatially in communities, structurally in institutions including the academy, and ideologically across the globe in both US and African contexts, in order to further contest and complicate understandings of racial identity, belonging, and the political problematics of place.
Recent Enhancements to NASA’s PCBoom Sonic Boom Propagation Code

This paper presents the recent updates the author has made to PCBoom sonic boom propagation code on its computational efficiency, predictive capability, and file operations. The updated version has recently been released and has a Burgers’ equation solver, which is computationally more efficient than that in the older version by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude. The updated version also enhances the accuracy of the sonic boom propagation prediction by accounting for the full wind effects on the shock wave propagation. Predictions from the updated PCBoom are compared with predictions from the older version and with data from flight tests. Other upgrades and changes that have been made in the latest version include support for Unix-like operating systems, bug fixes, and generation of new types of output files that allow for better manipulation of PCBoom-generated data.
Sampling the News Producers: A Large News and Feature Data Set for the Study of the Complex Media Landscape.

The complexity and diversity of today's media landscape provides many challenges for researchers studying news producers.These producers use many different strategies to get theirmessage believed by readers through thewriting styles they employ, by repetition across different media sources with or without attribution, as well as other mechanismsthat are yet to be studied deeply. To better facilitate systematic studies in this area, we present a large political news data set, containing over 136K news articles, from 92 news sources, collected over 7 months of 2017. These news sources are carefully chosen to include well-established and mainstream sources, maliciously fake sources, satire sources, and hyper-partisan political blogs. In addition to each article we compute 130 content-based and social media engagement features drawn from a wide range of literature on political bias, persuasion, and misinformation. With the release of the data set, we also provide the source code for feature computation. In this paper, we discuss the first release of the data set and demonstrate 4 use cases of the data and features: news characterization, engagement characterization, news attribution and content copying, and discovering news narratives.
Getting under the skin: Cuticle damage elicits systemic autophagy response in C. elegans

In this issue, Zhang et al. (2019. J. Cell. Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201907196) describe a molecular mechanism by which cuticular damage in the nematode C. elegans leads to systemic induction of autophagy by signals propagated from sensory neurons via the TGF-β signaling pathway.
Tunneling Techniques for Root Coverage

Tunneling technique (TUN) has been introduced as a minimally invasive and highly esthetic treatment option for the treatment of gingival recession, one of the most frequent mucogingival deformities and conditions. The purpose of the present article is to review how specific technique modifications, different grafting materials, and different defect characteristics may affect the outcome of TUN for root coverage. TUN has been shown to be an efficacious root coverage technique that, in combination with various grafting materials, can achieve satisfactory root coverage outcomes in Miller class I and II recession defects that are more predictable in the maxilla and when multiple adjacent defects are treated. Recent evidence suggests that specific technique modifications may be promising for the treatment of challenging multiple Miller class III recession defects. In order to achieve successful root coverage outcomes with TUN, the etiology of the defect should be identified and risk factors controlled, case selection is critical, specific technique modifications may be beneficial, and a variety of graft materials may be utilized.
Rapid characterization of arsenic adsorption on single magnetite nanoparticles by collisions at microelectrodes

We describe a rapid and sensitive electrochemical approach to evaluate the interaction of arsenite (As3+) with magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNPs) by single particle collision electrochemistry (SPCE). The method is based on direct measurements of the (As3+) adsorbed on single MNPs, quantified via the oxidation of As3+ to As5+ at 0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl, as the As-MNPs collide with a gold microelectrode (AuME). Measurement of the intensity of current spikes and the charge passed per impact spike provides a measure of As3+ content adsorbed per MNP. The total calculated charge passed at AuME was monitored over 400 s collision time and the As3+ adsorption was quantified at different pH and environmental conditions. The charge increased significantly for MNPs exposed to a natural organic material, humic acid (HA), at concentrations of up to 5 ppm, and when the pH of the solution was between 6 and 8, indicating enhanced adsorption. The concentration of As3+ (0.013–0.036 fM As/MNP) was found to correlate well with the initial concentration of As3+ in solution (0.001–10 μM), suggesting that the method can also be used as an analytical tool to determine As contamination in environmental samples. The results were confirmed with spectroscopic techniques and demonstrate As3+ adsorption. Overall, this study demonstrates the capability of SPCE to fundamentally probe the surface properties of magnetite with high resolution and elemental specificity allowing a direct ultrasensitive assessment of the As3+ loading on individual MNPs. This approach could be used as a simple cost effective and fast screening tool to evaluate heavy metal ion adsorption on nanomaterial sorbents for environmental monitoring and remediation applications.
Evolutionary time best explains the global distribution of living freshwater fish diversity

ABSTRACT Aim The evolutionary causes of the latitudinal diversity gradient are debated. Hypotheses have ultimately invoked either faster rates of diversification in the tropics, or more time for diversification due to the tropical origins of higher taxa. Here we perform the first test of the diversification rate and time hypotheses in freshwater ray-finned fishes, a group comprising nearly a quarter of all living vertebrates. Location Global. Time period 368–0 mya. Major taxa studied Extant freshwater ray-finned fishes. Methods Using a mega-phylogeny of actinopterygian fishes and a global database of occurrence records, we estimated net diversification rates and regional colonization times of co-occurring species in freshwater drainage basins. We used Generalized Additive Models to test whether diversification rates and time were related to latitude. We then compared the influence of diversification rates and time on species richness, and how these factors are related to each other. Results While both diversification rates and the timing of regional colonization were related to richness, time-for-speciation had 2–6 times more explanatory power than diversification rates. Time was also more strongly related to latitude than diversification rates. These results held after controlling for surface area. The most species rich freshwater basins (Amazon, Congo rivers) were dominated by lineages with Mesozoic origins. The temperate groups dominant today arrived near the K-Pg boundary, leaving comparatively less time to build richness. Diversification rates and colonization times were inversely related: recently colonized basins had the fastest rates, while ancient species-rich faunas had modest rates. Main conclusions We concluded that evolutionary time is the lead driver of latitudinal richness disparities in freshwater fish faunas. We suggest that the most likely path to building very high species richness is through diversification over long periods of time, rather than diversifying quickly.
The DANNCE of the rats: a new toolkit for 3D tracking of animal behavior.

A new approach tracks animal movements in 3D from multiple camera views using volumetric triangulation, reconciling occlusions and ambiguities present in any one camera view.
Chemotherapy with atezolizumab for small cell or neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate: A single institution experience.

Introduction Chemotherapy in combination with immunotherapy has a proven survival benefit compared to chemotherapy alone in extensive stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and is the new standard of care. Since extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas (SCCs) are less common, treatment paradigms are reasonably extrapolated from SCLC regimens. We examined our institution's experience utilizing the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy (as used in SCLC) for SCC and neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate. Methods Utilizing an institutional database search tool, we queried the electronic medical record to identify patients with SCC or neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate who had been treated with atezolizumab and chemotherapy. We recorded patient characteristics, including age, pathology, and disease extent. Treatment characteristics included number of prior treatments, use of concominant androgen deprivation, number of cycles of immunotherapy, and prior systemic therapies (including those for adenocarcinoma of the prostate). Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were the primary outcomes. Results We identified seven men who received atezolizumab for metastatic prostate cancer with a small cell or neuroendocrine component. In six of the seven patients, the combination of carboplatin, etoposide, and atezolizumab was the first-line of treatment after diagnosis of small cell or neuroendocrine carcinoma. Two of the seven patients had de novo small cell/neuroendocrine pathology, while the other five had transformation from a preexisting adenocarcinoma. In the patients who received chemotherapy plus immunotherapy in the first-line setting, at a median follow-up of 6.5 months (range: 1.5-15.1) the median PFS was 3.4 months and median OS was 8.4 months. Conclusion Small cell or neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate was associated with poor survival outcomes despite adding immunotherapy (atezolizumab) to chemotherapy (carboplatin and etoposide). To our knowledge, there has been no demonstrable benefit of adding immunotherapy to chemotherapy in this setting.
Continuous infusion versus intermittent infusion vancomycin in a burn center intensive care unit.

Abstract Background Vancomycin is a common and critical drug for empiric antimicrobial therapy in the infected burn patient. However, profound physiologic changes may impede the clinical effectiveness and amplify the potential nephrotoxicity of vancomycin. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study at a large academic medical center and regional burn center. Patients with ≥10% total body surface area burn that received intravenous vancomycin were considered for study inclusion. Patients were assigned to the intermittent infusion or continuous infusion cohort if they received vancomycin for ≥48 h with ≥1 documented vancomycin serum concentration. The target steady state drug level for continuous infusion was 17−22 mg/L. The target steady state trough drug level for intermittent infusion was 15−20 mg/L. The primary efficacy and safety outcomes were time to therapeutic drug level and nephrotoxicity respectively. Results Thirty continuous infusion subjects with 88 plasma drug levels and thirty intermittent infusion subjects with 80 plasma drug levels were analyzed within the study period. There was a significant difference in the number of subjects that achieved a plasma vancomycin level within the target range during the course of therapy (73.3% for continuous infusion vs. 26.7% for intermittent infusion, p = 0.0003). The time to therapeutic level was 3.90 days for continuous infusion and 5.22 days for intermittent infusion (p = 0.0393). Nephrotoxicity occurred less frequently in the continuous infusion cohort (23.3% vs. 53.8%). Conclusion Continuous infusion vancomycin was associated with more rapid attainment of target levels and a lower rate of nephrotoxicity.
Molecular markers predictive of response to EGFR inhibitors

PL04-01 Four years have passed since mutations of the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were discovered in patients with lung cancer who had dramatic clinical responses to treatment with the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), gefitinib and erlotinib. Additional laboratory and clinical studies have provided further insights into the biological impact of EGFR mutations. The other common genomic changes that arise in lung cancer that have an impact on EGFR-TKI sensitivity include KRAS and PTEN mutations, secondary T790M mutations in EGFR, and MET amplification. The retrospective and prospective studies have shown that EGFR mutations are closely associated with an increased response rate, prolongation in time to progression and survival compared to those with a wild type EGFR. Patients with EGFR mutations treated with gefitinib or erlotinib have a response rate of approximately 80%, a median time to progression in excess of approximately one year, and a median survival in excess of two years. The prospective randomized studies of patients with non-small cell lung cancer and sensitizing mutations of EGFR treated with chemotherapy versus erlotinib or gefitinib are ongoing outside of the United States in Europe and Japan. The genomic changes associated with resistance to treatment with gefitinib and erlotinib are a DNA mutation which changes the threonine to methionine at the 790th amino acid of EGFR known as the (T790M) mutation as well as amplification of the MET oncogene. The T790M mutation in EGFR is responsible for approximately half of the acquired resistance while MET amplification is responsible for about 30%. Irreversible inhibitors including HKI-272 and PF-299804 can cause growth inhibition in a non-small cell lung cancer with both the resistance and sensitizing mutations, while gefitinib and erlotinib do not. HKI-272 has been tested in a randomized Phase II trial and PF-299804 has completed Phase I testing and the Phase II trials have started. The Phase II trial of HKI-272 enrolled patients previously treated with gefitinib and erlotinib and EGFR mutation testing was prospectively incorporated into the trials. The results of these trials will be reported in 2009. The Phase I trial of PF-299804 has been completed and the Phase II trials are beginning. Patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemotherapy plus either erlotinib or gefitinib have had partial responses to subsequent treatment with PF-299804. Preclinical work has documented the non-small cell lung cancer cell line, HCC827, can be made to be resistant to gefitinib and is referred to as HCC827 GR. The mechanism of resistance is caused MET amplification. The in vitro and in vivo experiment have shown that joint inhibition of MET and EGFR with gefitinib plus a MET inhibitor can slow the growth of the HCC827 GR, the lung cancer cell line that developed resistance to gefitinib. Clinical trials with an EGFR inhibitor, erlotinib, with MET inhibitors are to be undertaken.