cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fetal and Neonatal Effects of Maternal Cocaine Use

Marijuana was the drug of the 1960s and heroin the drug of the 1970s. Cocaine was the popular drug of the 1980s, and cocaine's popularity appears to have continued into the 1990s. Cocaine use increased dramatically between 1974 and 1985. This article reviews the trends of cocaine use, fetal and maternal pharmacodynamics of cocaine, intrauterine effects of cocaine on the fetus, and the neonatal manifestations of cocaine exposure.
Integrated Optical Components in Silicon for High Speed Analog-to- Digital Conversion

Advances in femtosecond lasers and laser stabilization have led to the development of sources of ultrafast optical pulse trains that show jitter on the level of a few femtoseconds over tens of milliseconds and over seconds if referenced to atomic frequency standards. These low jitter sources can be used to perform opto-electronic analog to digital conversion that overcomes the bottleneck set by electronic jitter when using purely electronic sampling circuits and techniques. Electronic Photonic Integrated Circuits (EPICs) may enable in the near future to integrate such an opto-electronic analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) completely. This presentation will give an overview of integrated optical devices such as low jitter lasers, electro-optical modulators, Si-based filter banks, and high-speed Si-photodetectors that are compatible with standard CMOS processing and which are necessary for the implementation of EPIC-chips for advanced opto-electronic ADCs.
Ideologies in Action: Language Politics in Corsica

Ideologies in Action: Language Politics in Corsica. Alexandra Jaffe. Berlin: Mouton deGruyter, 1999. + 323 pp., notes, references, index.
On the thinning of films (I)

Abstract We investigate, from a mathematical perspective, the problem of a layer of fluid attracted to a horizontal plate when the layer is in equilibrium with a bulk reservoir. It is assumed that as the temperature varies, the bulk undergoes a continuous phase transition. On the basis of free energetics, this initially causes thinning of the layer but, at lower temperatures, the layer recovers and rebuilds. We provide a mathematical framework with which to investigate these problems. As an approximation, we model the layered system by a mean-field Ising magnet. The layered system is first studied in isolation (fixed thickness) and then as a system in contact with the bulk (variable thickness) with general results established. Finally, we investigate the limit of large thickness. Here, a well defined continuum theory emerges which provides an approximation to the discrete systems. In the context of the limiting theory, it is established that discontinuities in the layer thickness (as a function of temperature) or the derivative thereof are inevitable. By comparison with actual data from Garcia and Chan (1998) [1] and Ganshin et al. (2006) [2] the discontinuities may indeed be present but they are not quite in the form predicted by the theory. Finally–still in the context of the limiting theory–it is shown that at low temperatures, the layer may be lost altogether; the nature of the critical binding force is elucidated.
ORGANICITY AND MENTAL RETARDATION: ORGANIC MENTAL SYNDROME BATTERY

Fifteen mentally retarded children were tested and compared to 10 normal school children. They were administered a battery of tests reflecting organic brain disease, consisting of the Face-Hand, Midline Crossing and Independent Eye Movements Tests. Normals performed correctly 98% of the time on the three combined tests, while the mentally retarded scored only 34% correct. There was a significant correlation between IQ and this battery of tests (the 'OMSB'). When the IQ and OMSB were conflicting, a repeat of the former indicated that the IQ value was erroneous. The OMSB may be useful along with IQ testing as a rapid screening method to evaluate the presence of organicity and its severity.
Ionic modeling of lithium manganese spinel materials for use in rechargeable batteries

In order to understand and evaluate materials for use in Li ion rechargeable battery electrodes, we have modeled the crystal structures of various Mn oxide and Li Mn oxide compounds. We have modeled the MnO{sub 2} polymorphs and several spinels with intermediate compositions based on the amount of Li inserted into the tetrahedral site. 3-D representations of the structures provide a basis for identifying site occupancies, coordinations, Mn valence, order-disorder, and potentially new dopants for enhanced cathode behavior. XRD simulations of the crystal structures provide good agreement with observed patterns for synthesized samples. Ionic modeling of these materials consists of an energy minimization approach using Coulombic, repulsive, and van der Waals interactions. Modeling using electronic polarizabilities (shell model) allows a systematic analysis of changes in lattice energy, cell volume, and the relative stability of doped structures using ions such as Al, Ti, Ni, and Co.
Some Observations on Encounter Group Casualties

The negative impact of encounter groups on participants has been subject to more speculation than good research. The necessity of stringent research designs and the use of behavioral indices of change are stressed by this paper, and specific criticisms are offered of some recent research on encounter group casualties. A research project using behavioral indices and comparing the impact of encounter groups with changes noted in a "placebo control" group and a control group is described. The results indicate that the group differences immediately after the group experience dissipated by the time of the six-month follow-up and that the negative indices were undifferentiated among the three groups.
Cuticular penetration of 2,4-D as affected by interaction between a diethylene glycol monooleate surfactant and apple leaf cuticles

Impacts of pH and sorption-desorption of ‘Pegosperse’ 100-O (PEG. 100-O; diethylene glycol monooleate, containing 15% diester) surfactant by apple (Malus pumila M.) leaf cuticles on surfactant-enhanced cuticular penetration of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] were studied. Glass cylinders were affixed to enzymatically isolated adaxial apple leaf cuticles after the cuticle segments had been soaked in 10 ml liter−1 PEG 100-O solution and washed for 20 and 120 min, respectively. Quantities of [14C]2,4-D in the glass-cuticle chambers passing through the cuticles at pH values from 1 to 6 5 were determined. PEG 100-O significantly increased cuticular penetration of dissociated 2,4-D at pH 4–5; the surfactant had no effect on penetration of undissociated 2,4-D at pH 10. Surfactant-enhanced penetration of 2,4-D occurred only when the surfactant was in the cuticles, while the process of surfactant sorption-desorption alone had no effect on penetration. These results support a ‘hydrophilic channel’ hypothesis, i.e. that surfactants may create hydrophilic channels or increase the area of the channels in the cuticle and, consequently, enhance the passing of polar molecules like dissociated 2,4-D through the cuticle.
Quaternary multiplier circuit

A new quaternary multiplier circuit is presented. This current-mode CMOS circuit multiplies the values of two quaternary-valued input currents and adds a ternary-valued carry input current to generate the two-quaternary-digit output: a most-significant-digit ternary-valued CARRY output current and a quaternary-valued PRODUCT output current. This multiplier circuit uses 49 MOS transistors and generates its outputs in about 10 microseconds, worst case. >
Central limit theorem for the third moment in space of the Brownian local time increments

The purpose of this note is to prove a central limit theorem for the third integrated moment of the Brownian local time increments using techniques of stochastic analysis. The main ingredients of the proof are an asymptotic version of Knight's theorem and the Clark-Ocone formula for the third integrated moment of the Brownian local time increments.
Malaria control in Nicaragua: social and political influences on disease transmission and control activities

Summary Throughout Central America, a traditional malaria control strategy (depending on heavy use of organic pesticides) became less effective during the 1970s. In Nicaragua, an alternative strategy, based on frequent local epidemiological assessments and community participation, was developed in the 1980s. Despite war-related social instability, and continuing vector resistance, this approach was highly successful. By the end of the contra war, there finally existed organisational and ecological conditions that favoured improved malaria control. Yet the expected improvements did not occur. In the 1990s, Nicaragua experienced its worst recorded malaria epidemics. This situation was partly caused by the country's macroeconomic structural adjustment programme. Volunteers now take fewer slides and provide less treatment, malaria control workers are less motivated by the spirit of public service, and some malaria control stations charge for diagnosis or treatment. To "roll back malaria", in Nicaragua at least, will require the roll-back of some erroneous aspects of structural adjustment.
Stain Resistance of Maxillofacial Materials

The resistance of three silicone and one polyvinyl chloride maxillofacial materials to staining by tea, lipstick, and disclosing solution was measured by reflectance spectrophotometry. Changes in color caused by staining were larger than changes caused by color instability of the base elastomers or pigments under conditions of accelerated aging.
Experimental Adaptation of Burkholderia cenocepacia to Onion Medium Reduces Host Range

It is unclear whether adaptation to a new host typically broadens or compromises host range, yet the answer bears on the fate of emergent pathogens and symbionts. We investigated this dynamic using a soil isolate of Burkholderia cenocepacia, a species that normally inhabits the rhizosphere, is related to the onion pathogen B. cepacia, and can infect the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. We hypothesized that adaptation of B. cenocepacia to a novel host would compromise fitness and virulence in alternative hosts. We modeled adaptation to a specific host by experimentally evolving 12 populations of B. cenocepacia in liquid medium composed of macerated onion tissue for 1,000 generations. The mean fitness of all populations increased by 78% relative to the ancestor, but significant variation among lines was observed. Populations also varied in several phenotypes related to host association, including motility, biofilm formation, and quorum-sensing function. Together, these results suggest that each population adapted by fixing different sets of adaptive mutations. However, this adaptation was consistently accompanied by a loss of pathogenicity to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans; by 500 generations most populations became unable to kill nematodes. In conclusion, we observed a narrowing of host range as a consequence of prolonged adaptation to an environment simulating a specific host, and we suggest that emergent pathogens may face similar consequences if they become host-restricted.
Matching experiments across species using expression values and textual information

Motivation: With the vast increase in the number of gene expression datasets deposited in public databases, novel techniques are required to analyze and mine this wealth of data. Similar to the way BLAST enables cross-species comparison of sequence data, tools that enable cross-species expression comparison will allow us to better utilize these datasets: cross-species expression comparison enables us to address questions in evolution and development, and further allows the identification of disease-related genes and pathways that play similar roles in humans and model organisms. Unlike sequence, which is static, expression data changes over time and under different conditions. Thus, a prerequisite for performing cross-species analysis is the ability to match experiments across species. Results: To enable better cross-species comparisons, we developed methods for automatically identifying pairs of similar expression datasets across species. Our method uses a co-training algorithm to combine a model of expression similarity with a model of the text which accompanies the expression experiments. The co-training method outperforms previous methods based on expression similarity alone. Using expert analysis, we show that the new matches identified by our method indeed capture biological similarities across species. We then use the matched expression pairs between human and mouse to recover known and novel cycling genes as well as to identify genes with possible involvement in diabetes. By providing the ability to identify novel candidate genes in model organisms, our method opens the door to new models for studying diseases. Availability: Source code and supplementary information is available at: www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/aaronwis/cotrain12. Contact: [email protected] Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Structure and Flow-Induced Variability of the Subtidal Salinity Field in Northern San Francisco Bay

Abstract The structure of the salinity field in northern San Francisco Bay and how it is affected by freshwater flow are discussed. Two datasets are examined: the first is 23 years of daily salinity data taken by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation along the axis of northern San Francisco Bay; the second is a set of salinity transects taken by the U.S. Geological Survey between 1988 and 1993. Central to this paper is a measure of salinity intrusion, X2: the distance from the Golden Gate Bridge to where the bottom salinity is 2 psu. Using X2 to scale distance, the authors find that for most flow conditions, the mean salinity distribution of the estuary is nearly self-similar with a salinity gradient in the center 70% of the region between the Golden Gate and X2 that is proportional to X−12. Analysis of covariability of Q and X2 showed a characteristic timescale of adjustment of the salinity field of approximately 2 weeks. The steady-state response deduced from the X2 time series implies that X2 is proportional ...
Worker Flows and the Long-Run Behavior of Unemployment and Vacancies

The rate at which unemployed workers find jobs exhibits a strong negative relationship with the level of unemployment, a strong positive relationship with the level of job vacancies, and little variation at low frequencies. These stylized facts imply a positive correlation between unemployment and vacancy rates over long horizons. This observation contrasts with the well known negative correlation between unemployment and vacancies at business-cycle frequencies and is consistent with theories in which the natural rate of unemployment varies with structural change in the labor market. I demonstrate these relationships using new measures of trend unemployment and vacancies and calculations of aggregate worker flows that correct for changes in labor-force participation, but the basic patterns are evident under a variety of alternative measurement and detrending techniques. The results imply that long-run movements in the labor-market are driven by shifts in the Beveridge Curve, although the trend vacancy-unemployment ratio also appears to have moved lower over time.
The Equity of Local Sales Tax Distributions in Urban, Suburban, Rural, and Tourism Rich Counties in North Carolina

The use of local options sales taxes (LOSTs) is creating largely unexplored equity concerns with regard to the revenue raising capabilities of different local governments. This article focuses on differences among urban, suburban, and rural counties; the impact of proximity to urban (or retail) centers; and the impact of LOST decisions on tourism rich counties, a new category of local governments. Using data from 2003 to 2009 on all 100 North Carolina counties and a spatial Durbin error panel model, I identify factors relating to LOST revenue raising capacity (RRC). The results indicate that tourism rich counties have the greatest LOST capacity, suburban counties have the least, and there is a penalty for bordering an urban county. However, statistically significant differences in the RRC of the four types of counties disappear once property taxes are included in the mix.
Dynamic In-Situ Fractionation of Extracellular Proteins Produced in a Baker’s Yeast Cultivation Process

At the first Japan-U.S. Biotechnology Conference we presented results from a preliminary study of protein present within the medium of a baker’s yeast cultivation process1). In that study, conducted with a tall beaker bioreactor, the concentration of proteins in the medium during the cultivation experiments (as measured by the Bradford Coomassie Blue Method) was found to vary in both magnitude, with respect to the vertical position within the bioreactor, as well as in time. The data from the non-aerated cultivation experiment in that work indicated that the cultivation medium total protein concentration could differ by as much as 5 times between the top of the cultivation vessel and the middle or bottom positions.
Characteristics and Prevalence of Asthma/Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap in the United States.

Rationale: The asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome (ACOS) occurs in patients with fixed airway obstruction that defines COPD and with symptoms more typical of asthma. ACOS prevalence and the comorbidities associated with this syndrome have been inadequately characterized.Objectives: Because this population is prone to more frequent exacerbations, we hypothesized that comorbidities associated with ACOS are higher than those with COPD, asthma, and control populations in the United States.Methods: We examined the self-reported demographics, smoking status, comorbidities, and hospitalization or emergency department (ED) visitation experience among study respondents older than 35 years of age (n = 90,851) in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey and compared participants with ACOS to COPD, asthma, and control groups. We used logistic regression to compare ACOS and COPD populations to model the impact of comorbid conditions and hospitalization/ED visits after adj...
Long-term patient satisfaction with thermal balloon ablation for abnormal uterine bleeding.

Background and objective Thermal balloon ablation is a minimally invasive surgical technique that can be used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding/heavy menstrual bleeding (AUB/HMB). Most published studies to date provide information on short-term patient satisfaction and outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine long-term patient satisfaction after thermal balloon endometrial ablation 7 to 10 years postoperatively in a population previously surveyed at the Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center at 1 to 5 years postoperatively. Methods Two-hundred fourteen patients were identified who underwent thermal balloon ablation at our institution between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2004. These patients were mailed a 2-page survey asking for information on demographics, patient satisfaction, postoperative bleeding patterns, and the need for subsequent surgery. Satisfaction rates, amenorrhea rates, and the rates of women who required hysterectomy were calculated as percentages. Results Ninety-seven patients returned completed surveys. The survey response rate was 62%, excluding 57 surveys that were returned as undeliverable. The follow-up interval was 93 to 129 months. Eighty-seven percent of respondents were satisfied with the results of their procedure compared with 88% in the original study. Subsequent hysterectomy was required in 21.6% of women after 7 to 10 years compared with 9% after the 1- to 5-year follow-up period. Of the 76 women who did not undergo hysterectomy, 58% reported amenorrhea and 35.5% reported minimal to light bleeding. Conclusion This study demonstrates a consistently high patient satisfaction rate with thermal balloon ablation at our institution at 7 to 11 years postoperatively compared with 1 to 5 years postoperatively. The hysterectomy rate, however, was 2.4 times greater in the long-term follow-up period.
Mechanisms of the genetic control of plasma cholesterol in selected lines of Show Racer pigeons.

SummaryCholesterol absorption, synthesis, and turnover were studied in selected lines of hypo- and hyperresponder Show Racer pigeons by feeding a diet containing [3H]cholesterol and injecting a [14C]choles-terol-labeled serum. The decline in plasma [14C]cholesterol specific activity with time was analyzed according to a two-pool model.The mass of cholesterol in pool A was higher in the hyperresponder line than in the hyporesponders, reflecting mainly plasma cholesterol differences of 1417-2253 mg/dl in the former compared with 319-457 mg/dl in the latter. No strain differences were found for the rates at which new cholesterol appeared in pool A, but the rate constant describing removal of cholesterol from that pool was higher for the hyporesponder line, signifying genetic control of plasma cholesterol at the level of excretion. Cholesterol absorption was calculated as 58 mg/day in the hyperresponders and 48 mg/ day in the hyporesponders, while endogenous synthesis was 12 and 28 mg/day, respectively.The au...
Aesthetic participation and imagery arousal.

A correlation of .36 was found between participation in aesthetic activities and imagery arousal, as measured by self-rating scales. In addition, imagery scores differentiated aesthetic participation scores; and there was little evidence for a sex difference. These findings were discussed in terms of their relevance to creativity and to imagery and aesthetics in general.
Prospective randomized study of human menotropin versus a follicular and a luteal phase gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog-human menotropin stimulation protocols for in vitro fertilization.

Objective To determine whether gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRH-a) initiated either in the luteal phase or in the early follicular phase immediately preceding menotropin will improve the fertilization, implantation, and pregnancy rates (PR) in all IVF patients, when compared with menotropins alone. Design In a prospective, controlled, randomized study we compared a pure follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) protocol (group A=control) (n = 93 cycles) to two protocols in which GnRH-a pretreatment plus pure FSH and/or hMG was used in in vitro fertilization candidates. In group B (n = 64) GnRH-a was initiated during the luteal phase and in group C (n = 35) during the follicular phase. Results We found (1) no differences in fertilization and implantation rates between the three protocols; (2) similar pregnancy rates per transfer when similar number of conceptus were transferred (A = 30%, B=22%, C=21%); (3) an increase of the number of oocytes obtained; and (4) a reduction in the cancellation rate with both GnRH-a protocols. Conclusions These findings suggest that there is no obvious superiority between the two GnRH-a protocols in the dosage schedule used and that the major advantage of GnRH-a over non-GnRH-a protocols is in decreasing the cancellation rate and increasing the number of oocytes and conceptus obtained. The follicular phase GnRH-a protocol required less hMG-pure FSH than the luteal phase GnRH-a protocol.
Wonder and Technē in an Age of Ecological Risk

Returning to a focus on ways wonder represents an alternative to sublimity. Economides addresses the question of whether wonder toward nature is still possible within the context of our hypermediated culture. Taking issue with eco-phenomenologists who argue that language and technology destroy our capacity for wonder. Economides argues that poetic applications of these modes of technē can actually augment our ability to experience nature as wondrous. She contrasts the non-anthropocentric wonder inspired by ecopoetry and by nature documentaries such as Planet Earth with the hubristic wonder associated with bioengineering, the latter being a form of what Heidegger would term “enframing” (domination). Moreover, she argues that Merleau-Ponty’s account of wonder’s relationship with language and technē represents an ecologically progressive answer to blind spots evident in Heidegger’s phenomenology.
Strategies for Achieving the New SHAPE America Standards and Grade-Level Outcomes: Bringing Obstacle Course Training into Physical Education

The new SHAPE America standards and grade level outcomes for high-school physical education focus exclusively on physical activities that are suitable for lifelong participation. Some of the fastest-growing physical activities for adults in the United States are non-traditional multi-sport events and obstacle course races. As Healthy People 2020 emphasizes the importance of enhancing aerobic physical activity and muscle-strengthening activities among youth, and ASCD recently launched the new Whole Child Model with a heightened focus on the social and emotional climate in schools, obstacle course training has potential for aligning closely with both of these initiatives while meeting the SHAPE America physical education standards for grades 9-12. This article examines the potential of including obstacle course training in the physical education curriculum to provide youth with relevant physical activity experiences that promote social health and coincide with popular fitness events currently happening in t...
Ontology Assessment and Extension : A Case Study on LD4L and BIBFRAME

Representatives of the Andrew W. Mellon funded Linked Data for Libraries - Labs and Linked Data for Production teams will discuss their assessment strategy and alignment progress between the BIBFRAME and LD4L ontologies, including semantic patterns and ontology reuse. Further, the talk will discuss the ontology extension work underway within the LD4P program, focusing on those directed by Cornell and Harvard Universities.
Through Life Analysis for Machine Tools: From Design to Remanufacture ☆

Abstract Increasing awareness of environmental burden calls for a sensible transition of manufacturing from the traditional mode where products have only one cycle of service life after being produced to a sustainable mode where multiple cycles of service life are enabled through material recovery, reuse, and remanufacture. As both the means for product generation and a product of modern manufacturing processes, machine tools have been increasingly viewed as a critical element for improving through life and consequently, sustainability. This paper examines the life cycles of machine tools and recent advancement in extending their life cycles. A life cycle is defined as starting from the design, proceeding through the stages of manufacturing and usage, and completing by the end of the service life. Modular design techniques that facilitate the manufacture and assembly of machine tools and analytical methods for reliable machine state estimation and remaining service life prediction are presented. Extension beyond completion of the first service life is enabled by recover and recycle of material from worn/broken machines, and redesign methods that reduce the amount of new materials to be used for making the same product in the subsequent re-manufacturing processes to ultimately realize materials reuse. Opportunities and challenges for sustainable manufacturing in the context of cloud manufacturing are also highlighted.
Elites and American structural power in the global economy

This article elaborates the nature of American structural power in order to link it to the elite networks identified elsewhere. Most of this special issue looks at elites in relation to instrumental and agenda setting power. But instrumental power—control over the machinery—is effective only to the degree that the machinery is effective, and the machinery is all about structural power. American global economic power rests on two structural foundations: the ability to unilaterally create credit in the global economy, and control over a disproportionate share of global production flows and the resulting stream of profits. Elites’ ability to exploit the opportunities created by structural power makes them the prime beneficiaries of that power. Moreover, the selection mechanisms that sort individuals into elite networks, via cohort and socialization effects, assure that these individuals generally act in the interests of the organizations and institutions that they represent, reproducing structural power.
Use of boiled hexamethylenetetramine and urea to increase the porosity of cerium dioxide microspheres formed in the internal gelation process

Abstract Cerium dioxide (CeO2) is a commonly used simulant for plutonium dioxide and for plutonium (Pu) in uranium (U) and Pu oxide [(U, Pu)O2] mixtures used in nuclear fuel development. This effort developed CeO2 microspheres with a various porosities and diameters. The internal gelation technique has only been used to produce CeO2 microspheres with limited initial porosity. Previous studies have shown that the crystallite size and porosity of mixed U and thorium oxide microspheres and the (U, Pu)O2 microspheres from the internal gelation process increased when an equal molar solution of hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and urea is gently boiled for 1 h prior to its use in the gelation process. In this study with cerium, the combination of ammonium cerium nitrate and 1-h boiled HMTA-urea failed to produce a stable feed broth. However, when the 1-h heated HMTA-urea was combined with unheated HMTA-urea in 1–3 vol ratio or the boiling time of the HMTA-urea was reduced to 15–20 min, a stable solution of HMTA, urea, and Ce was formed at 273 K. This new Ce solution produced very porous CeO2 microspheres, which are suitable simulants for uranium microspheres.
Micropatterned Co-Cultures of Human Hepatocytes and Stromal Cells for the Assessment of Drug Clearance and Drug-Drug Interactions

Drug clearance rates from the body can determine drug exposure that can affect efficacy or toxicity. Thus, accurate prediction of drug clearance during preclinical development can help guide dose selection in humans, but animal testing is not always predictive of human outcomes. Because hepatic drug metabolism is a rate-limiting step in the overall clearance of many drugs, primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) in suspension cultures or monolayers are used for drug clearance predictions. Yet, the precipitous decline in drug metabolism capacity can lead to significant underestimation of clearance rates, particularly for low turnover compounds that have desirable one-pill-a-day dosing regimens. In contrast, micropatterned co-cultures (MPCCs) of PHHs and fibroblasts display phenotypic stability for several weeks and can help mitigate the limitations of conventional cultures. Here, we describe protocols to create and use MPCCs for drug clearance predictions, and for modeling clinically-relevant drug-drug interactions that can affect drug clearance. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: primary human hepatocytes; cytochrome P450; 3T3-J2 fibroblasts; low turnover drugs; drug metabolism
Nauvoo Illinois Historic Site: a facilities management perspective

ABSTRACT As the execution of facilities management becomes more sophisticated, specialized skill in managing specific types of buildings has become necessary. Maintaining historic structures and si...
Extracellular Matrix Bioscaffolds for Building Gastrointestinal Tissue

Regenerative medicine is a rapidly advancing field that uses principles of tissue engineering, developmental biology, stem cell biology, immunology, and bioengineering to reconstruct diseased or damaged tissues. Biologic scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix have shown great promise as an inductive substrate to facilitate the constructive remodeling of gastrointestinal (GI) tissue damaged by neoplasia, inflammatory bowel disease, and congenital or acquired defects. The present review summarizes the preparation and use of extracellular matrix scaffolds for bioengineering of the GI tract, identifies significant advances made in regenerative medicine for the reconstruction of functional GI tissue, and describes an emerging therapeutic approach.
What controls springtime fine dust variability in the western United States? Investigating the 2002-2015 increase in fine dust in the U.S. Southwest.

We use empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to investigate the role of meteorology in controlling the interannual variability of fine dust concentrations in the western United States during 2002-2015 March-May. We then develop a prediction model to explore the causes of an observed increase in fine dust concentrations during March in the Southwest. For each spring month, 54-61% of the total variance in fine dust anomalies can be explained by the first two leading EOF modes, which consist of a coherent pattern of co-variability across the West and a dipole Northwest-Southwest pattern. We identify the key meteorological controlling factors to be regional precipitation, temperature, and soil moisture, which are in turn mostly driven by large-scale changes in sea surface temperature and/or atmospheric circulation patterns, including the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). In addition, fluctuations in the trans-Pacific transport of Asian dust likely contribute to fine dust variability in March and April. We find that March fine dust concentrations have increased from 2002 to 2015 in the Southwest (0.06 ± 0.04 μg m-3 a-1, p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis suggests that these increases are associated with: (1) regionally drier and warmer conditions driven by constructive interference between ENSO and PDO; (2) soil moisture reductions in areas spanning the North American deserts; and (3) enhanced trans-Pacific transport. Our results provide an observational basis for improving dust emission schemes and for assessing future dust activity under climate change.
Transition and Diffraction Radiation

Transition radiation occurs when a moving charged particle crosses a boundary between two media with different electrodynamic properties. In its simplest form, which is commonly used in experiments, transition radiation is generated by sending a beam through a metallic foil. In this chapter, we will derive the spectrum and angular distribution of the transition radiation when a particle crosses a foil at normal incidence. We will also discuss radiation generated by the beam when it passes through a hole in a metal foil — the so-called diffraction radiation.
MHT Approach to Ubiquitous Monitoring of Spatio-Temporal Phenomena

This paper describes a multiple-hypothesis tracking (MHT) formulation of a particular set of situational awareness problems that involve monitoring of spatio-temporal phenomena using ubiquitous sensing. In particular, the focus is on large-scale monitoring (or tracking) applications utilizing volunteer mobile ubiquitous sensors to track the evolution of spatio-temporal ‘targets’ of interest (e.g., tracking snow-fall or ride-quality at a certain stretch of a roadway using vehicles). An efficient framework is developed utilizing MHT as the basis to carry out detection and tracking of evolutionary behavior. The framework is described via an illustrative example on ride-quality monitoring as applied to autonomous driving environments, where vibration and GPS data recorded by voluntarily participating vehicles are utilized for threat detection and tracking.
Short communication: Meta-analysis of dairy cows fed conventional sorghum or corn silages compared with brown midrib sorghum silage.

ABSTRACT A meta-analysis was conducted to compare the effects of feeding dairy cows conventional sorghum silage (CSS) or conventional corn silage (CCS) compared with brown midrib sorghum silage (BMRSS) diets on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, and milk composition. Data from 9 published articles (1984 to 2015) were used to contrast diets with CSS (7 means comparisons; 104 cows) or CCS (13 means comparisons; 204 cows) versus BMRSS diets. Statistical analysis was performed using fixed or random effects models with the Metafor package of R ( https://www.R-project.org ). The degree of heterogeneity was measured with the I2 statistic, and publication bias was determined with funnel plots and Egger's regression test. Other sources of heterogeneity of response were analyzed through meta-regression. Estimated effect size was calculated for DMI, milk production, and milk composition. No evidence of publication bias was observed for any variable tested. The highest degree of heterogeneity (I2 = 41.5 and 72.6%) was observed for DMI among dependent variables tested in both comparisons, indicating that intake responses to silage type are rather inconsistent; in contrast, milk production had the lowest degree of heterogeneity (I2 = 0%), supporting the idea that the responses of this variable to silage type were very consistent across studies. Compared with BMRSS diets, cows fed CSS diets exhibited decreased milk production (1.64 kg/d), milk fat concentration (0.09%), milk fat yield (0.08 kg/d), milk protein yield (0.04 kg/d), and milk lactose yield (0.16 kg/d) and tended to decrease DMI (0.83 kg/d). Compared with CCS diets, cows fed BMRSS diets increased milk fat concentration (0.10%), but decreased milk protein concentration (0.06%) and tended to increase lactose yield (0.08 kg/d). Meta-regression indicated that days in milk affected DMI and milk production when CSS diets were compared with BMRSS diets, and DMI when CCS diets were compared with BMRSS diets. Additionally, the inclusion rate of silage in the diet and dietary neutral detergent fiber affected yields of milk fat and lactose, respectively, when CCS and BMRSS diets were compared. Overall, lactation performance improved when cows were fed diets formulated with BMRSS compared with CSS, but performance was not different for cows fed BMRSS and CCS diets. However, the small sample size may have influenced these results by increasing the margin of the error and, concurrently, the power of the meta-analysis. Results of this analysis suggest that additional research is needed to explore the effects of days in milk and the inclusion rates of silages in the diets when comparing BMRSS with CSS or CCS.
Fast Photochemical Oxidation of Proteins Coupled with Mass Spectrometry.

Background Determination of the composition and some structural features of macromolecules can be achieved by using structural proteomics approaches coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). One approach is hydroxyl radical protein footprinting whereby amino-acid side chains are modified with reactive reagents to modify irreversibly a protein side chain. The outcomes, when deciphered with mass-spectrometry-based proteomics, can increase our knowledge of structure, assembly, and conformational dynamics of macromolecules in solution. Generating the hydroxyl radicals by laser irradiation, Hambly and Gross developed the approach of Fast Photochemical Oxidation of Proteins (FPOP), which labels proteins on the sub millisecond time scale and provides, with MS analysis, deeper understanding of protein structure and protein-ligand and protein- protein interactions. This review highlights the fundamentals of FPOP and provides descriptions of hydroxyl-radical and other radical and carbene generation, of the hydroxyl labeling of proteins, and of determination of protein modification sites. We also summarize some recent applications of FPOP coupled with MS in protein footprinting. Conclusion We survey results that show the capability of FPOP for qualitatively measuring protein solvent accessibility on the residue level. To make these approaches more valuable, we describe recent method developments that increase FPOP's quantitative capacity and increase the spatial protein sequence coverage. To improve FPOP further, several new labeling reagents including carbenes and other radicals have been developed. These growing improvements will allow oxidative- footprinting methods coupled with MS to play an increasingly significant role in determining the structure and dynamics of macromolecules and their assemblies.
Role of Approved Ohio High School Training Programs in the Demand for Pharmacy Technicians

Objective: To provide an overview of Ohio Administrative Code 4729 and to identify the potential role of newly approved Ohio high school training programs in preparation of registration-ready pharm...
Cysteine-Directed Bioconjugation of a Platinum(II)–Acridine Anticancer Agent

Classical maleimide Michael addition chemistry in conjunction with copper-free click chemistry was investigated as a synthetic strategy to attach cytotoxic platinum–acridine hybrid agents to carrier proteins. The structural integrity and selectivity of the model payloads, which were validated in human serum albumin (HSA) using mass spectrometric analysis and heteronuclear 2D 1H–15N HSQC NMR experiments, may have broad utility for the targeted delivery of highly cytotoxic platinum acridines and other nonclassical platinum containing anticancer agents.
Inclusive Competitiveness® at Temple Engineering

In today’s economy, institutions of higher learning play important roles in driving economic engines. Added to this are their responsibilities in creating social and environmental infrastructures in which everyone will thrive. Consequently, Temple Engineering’s Center for Inclusive Competitiveness has developed a strategic plan to produce clearer opportunities for inclusive economic mobility through sustainability related industries across Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania’s economy is lagging, in spite of extraordinary natural resources in energy, agriculture and health industries. Ranked #26 for economic growth and #43 for employment (USNews 2017), the Commonwealth is struggling to produce enough talent and entrepreneurs able to build technology enriched urban centers while simultaneously supporting strong rural agriculture across PA. Temple Engineering offers a bridge between rural and urban communities by tying economic growth to engineering infrastructure that improve social and humanitarian outcomes. This paper will present our strategies for engaging diverse faculty, students, community leaders, economic development experts and industry partners in our approach to engineering education for urban sustainability and social justice. The Center is expected to intensify recruitment and retainment of students from urban community as partners.
ACIP Releases 2017 Adult Immunization Recommendations.

Each year the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reviews and updates the adult immunization schedule to incorporate any published updates or corrections from the previous year. The 2017 adult immunization schedule includes several updates and is available at http://www.aafp.org/patient-care/immunizations/schedules.html.
Statement of Matthew L.M. Fletcher Before the House Resources Subcommittee on Indigenous Peoples of the United States on the RESPECT Act

In the current of federal Indian law and policy, known as the self- determination era, Congress and the Executive branch largely have embraced the trust relationship. In every significant Indian affairs statute of the last several decades, Congress has acknowledged the trust relationship. Unsurprisingly, many Indian tribes thrive under the self-determination policy, growing by leaps and bounds in their ability to govern. The old era of guardianship where the federal government made most major decisions for Indian tribes and Indian people is a relic of the past. Still, federal agencies too frequently move forward with controversial projects – notably the Line 5 and Back 40 Mine projects in the western Great Lakes – without bothering to engage in tribal consultation at all.
Analysis of Uncharacterized mKiaa1211 Expression during Mouse Development and Cardiovascular Morphogenesis

Mammalian Kiaa1211 and Kiaa1211-like are a homologous pair of uncharacterized, highly conserved genes cloned from fetal and adult brain cDNA libraries. Herein we map the in utero spatiotemporal expression of mKiaa1211 and mKiaa1211L mRNA and their expression patterns in postnatal testis, skin, gastrointestinal, and adipose progenitor tissues. Significantly, mKiaa1211 is present throughout the early stages of mouse heart development, particularly in the second heart field (SHF) lineage as it differentiates from mesenchymal cells into cardiomyocytes. We also show that mKiaa1211 is expressed within several early neuronal tissues destined to give rise to central, peripheral, and sympathetic nervous system structures. Expression profiling revealed that the paralog mKiaa1211L is not expressed during the normal developmental process and that mKiaa1211 expression was noticeably absent from most adult terminally differentiated tissues. Finally, we confirm that a previously uncharacterized CRISPR/CAS-generated mKiaa1211 mouse mutant allele is hypomorphic.
A Review of David Lemberg’s Ethical and Legal Issues in Healthcare (1st Edition)

I have had the privilege and pleasure of teaching Healthcare Ethics and the Law at the Alden March Bioethics Institute at Albany Medical Center since 2007; in this class, we examine state and feder...
Histrelin Implantation and Growth Outcomes in Children With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: An Institutional Experience.

Background Children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) because of 21 hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) are at risk for early or precocious puberty and a short adult height compared to population means and midparental height. The effect of histrelin in suppressing puberty and improving growth in these children has not been reported. Methods Retrospective cohort analysis of all patients (age ≤ 20) at our institution who underwent histrelin implantation between 2008 and 2017. Treated patients with CAH (classic and nonclassic forms of 21OHD) were identified and their growth data analyzed. Results Fifteen children with CAH were treated with histrelin for a median of 3 years (range 2-5; age at first implantation 7.7 ± 1.5 years). Bone age (BA) to chronologic age (CA) decreased from 1.57 ± 0.4 to 1.25 ± 0.25 (P < .01), while predicted adult height (PAH) increased by 7.1 ± 6.6 cm (P < .01). A subgroup of 10 children reached adult height. Similar changes in BA/CA and PAH were observed with therapy (P = .02). Adult height z improved compared to pretreatment PAH z (-1.42 ± 0.9 vs. -1.96 ± 1.1 respectively, P < .01), but remained lower than midparental height z (P = .01). Conclusion In this retrospective cohort study of children with CAH due to 21OHD and early or precocious puberty, histrelin implantation resulted in a decrease in BA progression compared to CA and an improvement in PAH. In the subgroup who completed growth, adult height remained significantly lower than midparental. These results need to be confirmed with prospective controlled studies.
Alternating current voltammetry of electrode reactions with constant surface activity: Application to electrolysis of molten electrolytes

Abstract Analytic solutions are derived for the alternating current voltammetry (ACV) harmonic waveforms of electrodeposition and gas evolution reactions where the surface activity of the reduced species R is constant. Reversible and quasi-reversible charge transfer kinetics are considered, as well as the effects of ohmic drop and double layer charging. It is shown that ohmic drop produces a characteristic distortion of the waveform envelopes, resulting in the emergence of waveform extrema in the higher harmonics that are distinct from those of the conventional ACV theory of soluble redox couples. A quantitative connection is made between the peak potential of the second harmonic and the electrode reaction parameters. The analytic solutions agree well with measurements of the fundamental, second, and third harmonic waveforms of Pb electrodeposition on liquid Pb and of Cl2 evolution on graphite in molten PbCl2-NaCl-KCl at 700 °C.