cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The synthesis and assembly of immunoglobulins by malignant human plasmacytes. III. Heterogeneity in IgA polymer assembly

The pathways of immunoglobulin synthesis and assembly have been studied in bone marrow cells obtained from 9 patients whose serum contained substantial amounts of homogeneous IgA1 myeloma proteins. Eight of the 9 cell samples synthesized light chains in excess of heavy chains. A variety of assembly intermediates, including αL, α2 and α2L, were also noted. The major intracellular molecule in most cases was α2L2 although larger polymers were noted in the secretions and serum of most of the patients. In only one instance was a large amount of polymer larger than α2L2 found inside the cell. As is the case for the assembly for IgM, the sites of IgA polymer assembly and factors responsible for the observed heterogeneity have not yet been established.
Does negative religious coping accompany, precede, or follow depression among Orthodox Jews?

Abstract Background Cross sectional research suggests that negative religious coping (e.g., anger at God and religious disengagement) strongly correlates with depression and anxiety. However, causality is difficult to establish as negative coping can accompany, cause, or result from distress. Among Orthodox Jews, some studies have found correlations between negative religious coping and anxiety and depression, while others found that high levels of negative coping related with decreased distress. We therefore examined longitudinal relationships between negative coping and depressive symptoms among Orthodox Jews. Methods Participants (80 Orthodox Jews) completed the Jewish Religious Coping Scale and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies' Depression Scale at two times. Using Structural Equation Modeling, we compared four models describing possible causal patterns. Results Negative religious coping and depressive symptoms were linearly related. Furthermore, a model including negative coping as a predictor of future depression fit the data best and did not significantly differ from a saturated model. Limitations This research was limited by reliance on self-report measures, an internet sample, and examination of only negative religious coping. Conclusions Consistent with a “primary spiritual struggles” conceptualization, negative religious coping appears to precede and perhaps cause future depression among Orthodox Jews. Clinical interventions should target spiritual struggles, and more research integrating this construct into theory and practice is warranted.
Metathesis of Nitrogen Atoms within Triple Bonds Involving Carbon, Tungsten, and Molybdenum

(ButO)3Mo≡N and W2(OBut)6(M≡M) react in hydrocarbons to form Mo2(OBut)6(M≡M) and (ButO)3W≡N via the reactive intermediate MoW(OBut)6(M≡M). (ButO)3W≡N and CH3C≡N15 react in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at room temperature to give an equilibrium mixture involving (ButO)3W≡N15 and CH3C≡N. The (ButO)3W≡N compound is similarly shown to act as a catalyst for N15-atom scrambling between MeC13≡N15 and PhC≡N to give a mixture of MeC13≡N and PhC≡N15. From studies of degenerate scrambling of N atoms involving (ButO)3W≡N and MeC13≡N in THF-d8 by 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy, the reaction was found to be first order in acetonitrile and the activation parameters were estimated to be ΔH⧧ = 13.4(7) kcal/mol and ΔS⧧ = −32(2) eu. A similar reaction is observed for (ButO)3Mo≡N and CH3C≡N15 upon heating in THF-d8. The reaction is suppressed in pyridine solutions and not observed for the dimeric [(ButMe2SiO)3W≡N]2. The reaction pathway has been investigated by calculations employing density functional theory on the model compounds (MeO)...
Visceral perceptions and gastric myoelectrical activity in healthy women and in patients with bulimia nervosa.

UNLABELLED Bulimia nervosa remains a common eating disorder in young women. Little is known about upper gastrointestinal symptoms or gastric motility in patients with bulimia nervosa. The aim of this study was to measure gastric myoelectrical activity and hunger/satiety and stomach emptiness/fullness before and after a non-nutrient water load and solid-phase gastric emptying in hospitalized patients with bulimia nervosa (n = 12) and in healthy women (n = 13). Gastric myoelectrical activity was measured by means of cutaneous electrodes; visual analogue scales were used to measure perceptions of hunger/satiety and stomach emptiness/fullness. Before and after a standard water load the bulimia patients reported significantly greater stomach fullness and satiety compared with control subjects (P < 0.01). The percentage of gastric myoelectrical power in the normal 3 cpm range was significantly less in bulimics compared with controls. Power in the 1-2 cpm bradygastria range was significantly greater in bulimia patients before and after the water load compared with the control subjects (P < 0.05). Solid-phase gastric emptying studies using radio-isotope-labelled scrambled eggs showed the lag phase was shortened in the bulimic patients (16 +/- 4 min vs 31 +/- 4 min in controls, P < 0.01), but the percentage of meal emptied at 2 h was similar to control values. IN CONCLUSION bulimia patients had exaggerated perceptions of stomach fullness and satiety in response to water; and abnormal gastric myoelectrical activity and accelerated lag phase of gastric emptying were objective stomach abnormalities detected in hospitalized patients with bulimia nervosa.
Debates in the Literature on Islamic Schools

Contemporary global events, such as the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the unresolved conflict in the Middle East, and the pessimistic relationships with Muslim countries, pose challenges for Muslims living in the United States in all walks of life. In addition, Muslims encounter daily struggles to live within a society that follows considerably dissimilar beliefs, norms, and way of life. Therefore, Islamic schools and other organizations emerged in response to those challenges. There are several debates in the literature about Islamic schools; among those debates is whether Islamic schools segregate Muslim students, inspire religious intolerance, and rejection of social pluralism's ideals. In addition, there are debates of whether Islamic schools are capable of developing a strong Muslim identity skilled to tackle future challenges. Discussing these debates is considered the first step to critically tackling the challenges meeting Islamic schools, their relevance, and their continuity in a way that benefi...
Comment on ‘Analysis of horizontal well pressure behaviour in fractured low permeability reservoirs with consideration of the threshold pressure gradient’

Abstract I comment on the paper by Zhao et al (2013 J. Geophys. Eng. 10 035014).Keywords: horizontal well, low permeability reservoirs, threshold pressure gradient(Some ﬁgures may appear in colour only in the online journal)In their paper, Zhao et al (2013) presented a mathematicalmodel for the analysis of the pressure behavior of a horizontalwell in naturally fractured low permeability reservoirs witha threshold pressure gradient. Their solution was obtainedusing the Laplace transform, Fourier cosine transform andthe Stehfest numerical inversion method.Icontendthattherearemanyerrorsintheirpaper—severallargeerrorsareindicatedinthefollowing.Equation(1)intheirpaper is expressed as:1 r∂∂rr∂p f ∂r − λr + k fz k fh ∂ 2 p f ∂z 2 + αk m μ(p m − p f ) = φ f μc ft 3 . 6 k fh ∂p f ∂t. (1)Equation(1)isonlyapplicabletotheradialﬂowofafullypenetrating vertical well in a low permeability reservoir witha threshold pressure gradient. The fully penetrating verticalwellalong Z -axiscanbetakenasapointsource,andtheradialﬂow occurs in
Self-Reported Medication Adherence and Symptom Experience in Adults With HIV

Symptom burden has been identified as a predictor of medication adherence, but little is known about which symptoms are most strongly implicated. This study examines self-reported medical adherence in relation to demographic, clinical, and symptom characteristics among 302 adults living with HIV. Only 12% reported missing medication during the 3-day assessment, but 75% gave at least one reason for missing it in the previous month. Poor adherence was associated with higher viral load and greater symptom burden. Trouble sleeping and difficulty concentrating were strongly associated with poor adherence. Given that “forgetting” was the most common reason for missing medication and nearly one third reported sleeping through dose time, future research should examine the influence of sleep disturbance on adherence. Effective management of common symptoms, such as sleep disturbance, fatigue, and gastrointestinal side-effects of medications may result in better adherence, as well as improved clinical outcomes and quality of life.
Does the extent of resection impact survival for duodenal adenocarcinoma? Analysis of 1,611 cases.

Because duodenal adenocarcinoma (DA) is relatively rare, few studies have investigated the impact of resection type on long-term outcomes. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify all patients between 1988 and 2010 with DA. Patients were divided into two groups based on the type of surgery received: simple resection (SR), defined as a simple removal of the primary site, and radical resection (RR), defined as removal of the primary site with a resection in continuity with other organs. Differences in disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) were compared. Of the 1,611 patients included, 746 (46.3 %) underwent SR and 865 (53.7 %) underwent RR. As expected, patients undergoing RR were more likely to present with poorly differentiated and large tumors, as well as advanced stage disease. Despite greater lymph node (LN) retrieval (11.0 vs. 6.8; p 0.05). On univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, the type of surgery was not associated with OS (odds ratio [OR] 0.98; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.87–1.11). Increasing TNM stages, tumor grade, fewer LNs removed, LN ratio, and absence of radiation were associated with worse survival. After controlling for confounding factors, type of surgery still did not influence OS (OR 1.11; 95 % CI 0.97–1.27). Radical resection (e.g., in the form of pancreaticoduodenectomy) does not appear to impact survival compared with simple segmental resection for DA.
PROGESTIN CONTENT OF BLOOD

Several investigators have tried to demonstrate the presence of progestin in various tissues and fluids of women and animals. Until recently the corpus luteum of the sow was the only tissue from which progestin could be obtained. Clauberg and co-workers (1), demonstrated its presence in the human corpus luteum. They obtained an incomplete proliferation of the endometrium of the rabbit’s uterus with extracts from 55 grams of tissue. Pratt (2) and Clauberg (1), respectively, extracting a maximum of 40 grams of human corpus luteum, obtained negative results. Mazer and Goldstein (3) found progestin in the placenta of a 6 months pregnancy. Ehrhardt and Weigel (4), de Fremery, Luchs and Tausk (5), Portman (6), Philipp (7) and Fels (8) failed to demonstrate the presence of progestin in placentas of different ages. These observations are borne out by the author, who failed to find progestin in placentas of 3½ and 4½ months. An extract made from a 3½ months fetus also gave a negative reaction for progestin. Recent...
Religious Freedom and Majority Rule: Marsilius of Padua “on” Abdullahi Ahmed an-Na‘im and the “Secular” Islamic State

This article discusses Abdullahi Ahmed an-Na‘im's Islam and the Secular State from the perspective of Marsilius of Padua's political theory. Both authors share similar concepts of the relationship between religion, state policy, and the state, and allow for the integration of religious doctrines into state law. Nonetheless, the Marsilian conception provides stronger protection of unbelievers' and religious dissenters' civic rights. In the broader discourse on political theory of rights, Marsilius argues in favors of individual rights and a protection of minority rights, while an-Na‘im's theory of Shari‘a reform suggests a preference for a people's self-determination.
Microstructure-based fatigue modeling of cast A356-T6 alloy

Abstract High cycle fatigue (HCF) life in cast Al–Mg–Si alloys is particularly sensitive to the combination of microstructural inclusions and stress concentrations. Inclusions can range from large-scale shrinkage porosity with a tortuous surface profile to entrapped oxides introduced during the pour. When shrinkage porosity is controlled, the relevant microstructural initiation sites are often the larger Si particles within eutectic regions. In this paper, a HCF model is introduced which recognizes multiple inclusion severity scales for crack formation. The model addresses the role of constrained microplasticity around debonded particles or shrinkage pores in forming and growing microstructurally small fatigue cracks and is based on the cyclic crack tip displacement rather than linear elastic fracture mechanics stress intensity factor. Conditions for transitioning to long crack fatigue crack growth behavior are introduced. The model is applied to a cast A356-T6 Al alloy over a range of inclusion severities.
Prerequisite conditions for meaningful participation in brownfields redevelopment

Abstract Current research in environmental planning supports decision making based on collaborative planning mechanisms. While current research clearly details the limitations to and prerequisites for meaningful public participation in general and for select environmental issues, there is little focus on them in brownfields redevelopment. In practice, the general assumptions are that brownfields redevelopment is an ideally situated policy issue for participatory planning. However, as this paper will illustrate through case study research, there are several situational prerequisites that must be met before there can be meaningful citizen participation in brownfields redevelopment. By highlighting these prerequisites, the author's goal is to mobilize research and policy efforts to overcome those limitations and to foster widespread meaningful participation in the redevelopment of brownfields in residential neighborhoods.
Electronic funds transfer networks: modeling their impact on bank service goals

Abstract The purpose of this research is to illustrate how an EFTS decision support model can assist bankers. It demonstrates how such a model is constructed and applied to the simulation and evaluation of a proposed EFTS network design. Furthermore, it shows how the model is altered to reflect changes in the network's design and, thus, its performance. A simple case is used to do this. In addition, the paper describes: (1) the simulation technique; (2) the network components to be modeled; (3) the method of altering the network's operational characteristics; (4) the model's computer program; (5) validation of the model; and (6) the model's output statistics for measuring the network's performance.
Design of a hybrid division of aperture/division of focal plane polarimeter

There are many acceptable ways to construct an imaging polarimeter, each with its own benefits and drawbacks. The most common systems involve rotating elements, but use of these systems puts limitations on the dynamic nature of the scene. Division of Aperture (DoAP) and Division of Amplitude Polarimeters (DoAmP) solve the temporal synchronization issue by using multiple light paths, each of which has its own set of polarization optics. These systems can provide real-time imagery, but there are significant challenges surrounding optomechanical alignment and sensitivity to vibrations. Division of Focal Plane devices (DoFP) use an integrated array of micropolarizers to solve the temporal and mechanical alignment issues, but suffer from exactly 1 pixel of IFOV error that cannot be compensated for at the full resolution of the system. Recently we presented a concept that creates a highly parallel array of non-imaging DoAP devices. The design uses two microlens arrays to relay the image at an intermediate focal plane through a microgrid polarizer. The microlenses are configured such that each lens in the first array feeds four lenses in the second array, so as to create a non-imaging DoAP polarimeter. Our previous work was only a conceptual design. In this paper, we will present a design and ray-tracing analysis of a proposed system. We quantify the principal drawbacks of vignetting and crosstalk, and give expected performance parameters of a final device.
Effect of energy compared with carbohydrate restriction on the lipolytic response to epinephrine

Fasting enhances the lipolytic sensitivity of adipose tissue to beta-adrenergic stimulation. The importance of carbohydrate compared with total energy restriction in regulating the lipolytic response to epinephrine was evaluated. Five normal volunteers participated in two study protocols in a randomized cross-over design separated by a 3-wk period. In one study (total energy restriction) the subjects fasted for 84 h, whereas in the other (carbohydrate restriction) a lipid emulsion was infused for 12-15 h each day to meet resting energy requirements during an 84-h oral fast. Glycerol flux, an index of whole-body lipolysis, was measured by infusing [2H5]glycerol. Each subject was studied in the basal state and during a 1-h infusion of epinephrine (0.015 microgram kg(-1 min(-1) after 84 h of total energy restriction and after 84 h of carbohydrate restriction (12 h after the final lipid infusion). The lipolytic response to epinephrine, defined as the total area between the glycerol flux curve and baseline during 1 h of epinephrine infusion, was similar after total energy restriction (241 +/- 141 mumol/kg) and carbohydrate restriction (294 +/- 58 mumol/kg). We conclude that carbohydrate restriction, not total energy restriction, is responsible for the increase in lipolytic sensitivity observed during fasting.
Urban Environment and Health: Food Security:

The authors examine the impact of urbanization on food security and human health in the Middle East. Within-urban-population disparities in food security represent one of the most dramatic indicators of economic and health disparities. These disparities are reflected in a double burden of health outcomes: increasing levels of chronic disease as well as growing numbers of undernourished among the urban poor. These require further comprehensive solutions. Some of the factors leading to food insecurity are an overdependence on purchased food commodities, lack of sufficient livelihoods, rapid reductions in peripheral agricultural land, and adverse impacts of climate change. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Food Security Framework is used to examine and compare 2 cities in the Middle East: Amman, Jordan, and Manama, Bahrain.
New fifth force experiments

While there now appears to be a consensus that no strong evidence for a fifth force has been found, no one has given up trying to find it. Geophysicists continue to come up with novel experiments to test whether a force operating over a range of meters to a few kilometers exists and can be detected by variations in gravity. Eckhardt and the AFGL scientists are looking for a tall tower in a flat area, possibly North Dakota, where surface gravity can be characterized without doubt. In November some of the scientists who worked on the Greenland experiment have finished a deep water gravity survey in the Pacific Ocean that Robert Parker of Scripps called the “most detailed study yet of gravity on the oceans.”
On the loss-of-control phenomenon in alcoholism

Summary This paper tries to define and clarify the issue of loss of control as part of the nature of alcoholism. It defines what it really is, when and how it operates most significantly and also clarifies its relationship to alcoholism. As a necessary preface there is a clarification of the concept alcoholism itself. The taper concludes with a discussion on the new focus that this approach permits on the possibilities of prevention.
Post-marxist criminology: Lessons from British policing

Selective harassment of the residual population is the price paid for the choice of a professional and legally accountable police organization rather than a democratic and publicly accountable one. This book has demonstrated that in so far as there was a choice historically, it was made by the class of mercantile capitalists; and that increasingly since that day the police institution itself has made the creative choices about its own development, with the active consent of sections of the middle-classes and the passive consent of the rest-the majority-of us. -The Police: Autonomy and Consent, p. 250
Studies in solid-phase peptide synthesis: a personal perspective.

By the early 1970s it had became apparent that the solid phase synthesis of ribonuclease A could not be generalized. Consequently, virtually every aspect of solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) was reexamined and improved during the decade of the 1970s. The sensitive detection and elimination of possible side reactions (amino acid insertion, N{sup {alpha}}-trifluoroacetylation, N{sup {alpha}{var_epsilon}}-alkylation) was examined. The quantitation of coupling efficiency in SPPS as a function of chain length was studied. A new and improved support for SPPS, the 'PAM-resin', was prepared and evaluated. These and many other studies from the Merrifield laboratory and elsewhere increased the general acceptance of SPPS leading to the 1984 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for Bruce Merrifield.
Long-term treatment with lansoprazole for patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

BACKGROUND Normalization of gastric secretion and cure of associated upper gastrointestinal lesions by resection of gastrinoma is possible in approximately 20% of patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, leaving approximately 80% dependent on medical treatment with proton pump inhibitors for acid suppression. METHODS Lansoprazole was given for 3-48 months (median 28 months) to 26 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome patients with peptic ulcer manifestations in all and oesophagitis in 13. Starting with 60 mg/day. the dose was individualized to lower basal acid output to less than 5 mmol/h for those with intact stomachs and less than 1 mmol/h in those who had prior gastrectomy or with oesophagitis. The patients were studied every 3 months for 1 year and then every 6 months with gastric analysis (basal and maximal acid and pepsin output) and endoscopy with biopsy for enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells. RESULTS Lansoprazole inhibited basal acid output by 95%, pepsin output by 65% and remained effective at the initial mean (66 +/- 4.3 mg/day) or smaller doses (56 +/- 12 mg/day) at 48 months. Mucosal lesions healed and symptoms (ulcer-type pain, diarrhoea, heartburn, weight loss) resolved rapidly, usually within a few weeks. Serum gastrin and ECL cell populations, which were elevated before treatment, remained statistically unchanged but one of the three multiple endocrine neoplasia I (MEN-I) patients developed a small carcinoid. Of the three patients with metastatic gastrinoma at diagnosis one has died and one has progressed, while the third has had stable liver metastases for 26 years. Ulcer-type relapses occurred in three of the five post-gastrectomy patients, one with fatal jejunal ulcer perforation despite adequate acid suppression. No biochemical or clinical adverse events due to lansoprazole were encountered. CONCLUSION Lansoprazole effectively inhibits acid and pepsin secretion in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome patients without any demonstrated side-effects. Despite strict acid control, post-gastrectomy Zollinger-Ellison syndrome patients were more liable to ulcer relapse, while oesophagitis was not a marker for therapeutic difficulty.
Measuring professional identity: a review of the literature and a multilevel confirmatory factor analysis of professional identity constructs

The article contributes to the study of professions by forwarding a strategy for measuring professional identity guided by institutional logics. We review conceptual and measurement strategies used previously in the study of professional identity to articulate a multidimensional and multilevel approach. The application of institutional logics makes clear the importance of beliefs as well as belonging and attachment in the study of professional identity, and at the same time, the project contributes to institutional logics a more thorough explication of professional identity. Providing an exemplary case, we report a multilevel confirmatory factor analysis of measures of professional identity constructs from a national sample of physicians (n ¼ 887) nested in diverse practice organizations (J ¼ 488), which demonstrated the empirical independence of belonging, attachment, and beliefs across multiple levels of analysis. We discuss the implications of the approach for important theoretical questions at the intersection of identity, organizations, and institutions (e.g. the ‘professional-bureaucratic’ conflict and the multiplicity of targets of identification). We also make recommendations for operationalizing a multidimensional, multilevel conceptualization of professional identity.
Intradural spinal arachnoid cysts in adults

BACKGROUND Idiopathic arachnoid cysts are rare lesions not associated with trauma or other inflammatory insults. To date, there have been few large series describing the presentation and management of these lesions. METHODS Twenty-one cases of intradural spinal arachnoid cysts were identified (1994-2001). Pediatric patients and cases with antecedent trauma were excluded. There were eight women and 13 men with an average age of 52 years. Follow-up averaged 17 months. RESULTS Cysts were most commonly found in the thoracic spine (81%). Fifteen cysts were dorsal to the spinal cord and six were ventral to the spinal cord. All patients underwent laminectomy with cyst fenestration and radical cyst wall resection. Based upon intraoperative ultrasonography, four cysts were also shunted to the subarachnoid space, and seven patients had an expansile duraplasty with freeze-dried dural allograft. Of the seven patients with syringomyelia, three resolved with extramedullary cyst resection alone. Four required syrinx to subarachnoid shunting. Follow-up MRI demonstrated cyst resolution in all cases. All seven intramedullary syrinxes were decreased in size and four resolved completely. Weakness (100%), hyperreflexia (91%), and incontinence (80%) were more likely to improve than neuropathic pain (44%) and numbness (33%). One patient had increased numbness postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS Ventral cysts are more likely to cause weakness and myelopathic signs. Preoperative symptoms of neuropathic pain and numbness are less likely to improve than weakness and myelopathy. Utilizing intraoperative ultrasound to guide aggressive surgical treatment with the adjuncts of shunting and duraplasty results in a high rate of cyst and syrinx obliteration.
Combination therapy for hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Effective therapies were first introduced in the mid-1980s but frequent and sometimes severe side effects limit their use. Combination therapy represents the future of treatment for chronic hepatitis B, probably consisting of two or more nucleoside analogues although interferon may form part of some combinations. New drugs acting by different antiviral mechanisms may be particularly potent in combination.
Gender trajectories of adolescent depressed mood: The dynamic role of stressors and resources

Abstract This research examines how gender variation in the trajectory of stressors and resources during high school shapes gender variation in the trajectory of depressed mood. Boys have steeper gains in depressed mood than girls during high school. Adolescents with increasing levels of school or work strain and declining levels of parental support or mastery were more likely to have an increasing trajectory of depressed mood; the effect of chronic work was stronger for boys than girls. Steeper declines in parental support and gains in work strain among boys relative to girls explain boy's faster rate of increase in depressed mood during high school.
Visual Memories from Nonvisual Experiences

Many common activities rely on spatial knowledge acquired from nonvisual modalities. We investigated the nature of this knowledge by having people look at a collection of objects on a desktop and manually reconstruct their arrangement, without vision, as though the display had been rotated by 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, or 180° relative to the view they could see. Performance on several measures of visual-spatial memory showed that participants had better visual memory for the view they had manually reconstructed than for the view they had studied visually for several minutes. These findings provide compelling new evidence that visual-spatial knowledge of very high fidelity can be acquired from nonvisual modalities, and reveal how visual and nonvisual spatial information may even be confused in the brain.
Emerging technologies in software defined receivers

Transform domain (TD) sampling is presented as an inexpensive and feasible solution for software defined receivers that operate on a very wide frequency spectrum. TD receivers expand the received signal over a basis set, and then operate on the basis coefficients. An analog computation of the basis coefficients efficiently parallelizes the signal for digital processing, relaxing the sampling requirements and enabling parallel digital processing at a much lower rate. Frequency domain (FD) sampling, as a special case of transform-domain sampling, has been proposed to parallelize the sampling process in wideband receivers. The proposed receiver makes use of a windowed integrator to perform charge sampling, which provides inherent anti-aliasing. More complex decimation filters with stronger attenuation of the unwanted channels are easily obtained from the simple integrator and can be exploited in designing a multi-standard receiver. The flexibility and scalability of TD receivers allow for the design of software radios that can operate on a large range of narrowband and wideband communications standards. A "dreamed software- defined-radio" TD receiver design example is provided which is capable of processing GSM, Bluetooth, IEEE802.11b/g, WiMax and UWB in a single reconfigurable frontend.
The Role of Reflected Appraisals in Racial Identity: The Case of Multiracial Asians.

Asian Americans are one of the fastest-growing minorities in the United States and show the highest outmarriage rate; yet little research has investigated the racial identity of multiracial Asians. This study explores the racial identity of multiracial Asians in the United States, using survey data on 110 Asian-white adults, and examines the factors that shape this identity. The literature suggests a number of factors; drawing on the theoretical framework of reflected appraisals, I hypothesize that certain factors will be more important than others in this process. When respondents were asked with which race they identified more strongly, Asian or white, two factors were shown to exert the strongest influence on racial identity, namely phenotype and cultural exposure. Logistic regression and qualitative responses reveal that the racial identities of this sample of Asian-white adults are shaped largely by the reflected appraisals of others regarding their appearance and cultural knowledge.
The Impacts of Personality Traits and Goal Commitment on Employees' Job Satisfaction

The present research investigates the effects of personality traits, such as self-efficacy and locus of control, on job satisfaction. It also examines the mediating impact of goal commitment on relationships between personality and job satisfaction. The results indicate that both self-efficacy and locus of control are positively associated with goal commitment. In addition, locus of control is found positively related to job satisfaction. However, self-efficacy does not have the same positive relationship with job satisfaction. The study further confirms the mediating effect of goal commitment on relationships between personality traits and job satisfaction.
Intrarenal mechanism for renal vasoconstriction resulting from stimulation of the ureter in the dog.

SUMMARY 1. The mechanism responsible for ipsilateral renal vasoconstriction resulting from mechanical stimulation of the ureter was examined using the pharmacological antagonists saralasin, SQ20881, indomethacin, atropine and phentolamine. 2. A segment of PE tubing was implanted in the left ureter, patency being well maintained. Three to four days later renal blood flow was measured bilaterally and antagonists administered intravenously. 3. The mechanism responsible for vasoconstriction could not be attributed to either increased intrarenal noradrenaline or angiotensin, nor to a decreased activity of prostaglandins, kinins or acetylcholine. 4. Histological and bacteriological examination also proved negative. 5. Thus, additional evidence of an unidentified intrarenal mechanism causing vasoconstriction is presented.
What can we learn from rodents about prolactin in humans

Prolactin (PRL) is a 23-kDa protein hormone that binds to a single-span membrane receptor, a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily, and exerts its action via several interacting signaling pathways. PRL is a multifunctional hormone that affects multiple reproductive and metabolic functions and is also involved in tumorigenicity. In addition to being a classical pituitary hormone, PRL in humans is produced by many tissues throughout the body where it acts as a cytokine. The objective of this review is to compare and contrast multiple aspects of PRL, from structure to regulation, and from physiology to pathology in rats, mice, and humans. At each juncture, questions are raised whether, or to what extent, data from rodents are relevant to PRL homeostasis in humans. Most current knowledge on PRL has been obtained from studies with rats and, more recently, from the use of transgenic mice. Although this information is indispensable for understanding PRL in human health and disease, there is sufficient disparity in the control of the production, distribution, and physiological functions of PRL among these species to warrant careful and judicial extrapolation to humans.
Water Mobility in Glassy and Rubbery Solids as Determined by Oxygen-17 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Impact on Chemical Stability

Although chemical reactivity in solid food systems has been studied as a function of water activity and glass transition, the possible effects of water mobility on chemical reactions have not been investigated. The effect of the glass transition on water mobility at constant temperature and water content was determined. The relationship between the experimentally determined water mobility in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) systems and chemical reactivity data from the same PVP systems was evaluated. Water mobility, as determined via 17O-NMR, was not affected by the glass transition; PVP systems at constant water activities and water contents, but different physical states (glassy and rubbery), had the same water mobility. An evaluation of four chemical reactions showed no relation between water mobility and kinetic data. The effect of water on chemical reactions is multidimensional and cannot be reduced to a single physicochemical parameter.
Intermediary Products: FDI Strategies, Imports, Exports, and Trade Balances in Developed Economies

Has the relationship between the dominant investment motives of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and national trade balances, imports, and exports changed over time? A 1996 study hypothesized and found that the MNE market versus resource seeking investment motives in developed countries (DCs) resulted in different aggregate impacts on national trade balances, imports, and exports. In this study, we ask whether the increased use of intermediary products, a major change in the way MNEs conduct business, affect the previously found patterns. Because firm-level data on intermediary products is not widely available across countries, we indirectly test their impact, hypothesizing that the rise in use of intermediary products has changed MNE investment motives in DCs, resulting in stronger relationships between foreign direct investment (FDI) and imports/exports in high-FDI DCs but weaker links between FDI and national trade balances. Implications and future research directions are discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Price asymmetry in the US fibre markets

In this article, price linkages between cotton and polyester markets are investigated. After determining that the causality is present in both the directions, the nature of the price linkages was studied. The results suggest that polyester price responds asymmetrically to cotton price changes, whereas asymmetric response from cotton price to changes in polyester price is found to be weak. The results also did not support the hypothesis of contemporaneous effects between the polyester and cotton prices.
Hereditary retinal and choroidal dystrophies

Inherited retinal and choroidal dystrophies are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders and can occur isolated or in association with other systemic disorders. The clinical presentation of these dystrophies is variable. They can present at birth, during childhood or adulthood; the disease can be stationary or progressive; cause profound or mild visual loss; predominantly involve rods or cones or both; be a central receptor disease or primarily involve the choriocapillaries. The photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaries are in close relationship and are interdependent on one another in their functioning and maintenance of structure. Any disorder, genetic or environmental, which causes degeneration of any of these layers will likely eventually result in involvement of the others, making accurate diagnosis difficult. The classical diagnostic approach for retinal/choroidal diseases has been clinical exam by ophthalmologists assisted by electrophysiological and psychophysical tests such as the electroretinogram, electrooculogram, dark adaptation, visual field test and ocular coherence tomography. With the recent advances in molecular genetics, the genetic etiology of a large number of retinal/choroidal diseases has been identified. Clinical genetic testing provides the option for more accurate diagnosis, genetic counseling, prognosis, therapeutic and research options to individuals and families with inherited diseases.
Laboratory Assay of Brood Care for Quantitative Analyses of Individual Differences in Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Affiliative Behavior

Care of offspring is a form of affiliative behavior that is fundamental to studies of animal social behavior. Insects do not figure prominently in this topic because Drosophila melanogaster and other traditional models show little if any paternal or maternal care. However, the eusocial honey bee exhibits cooperative brood care with larvae receiving intense and continuous care from their adult sisters, but this behavior has not been well studied because a robust quantitative assay does not exist. We present a new laboratory assay that enables quantification of group or individual honey bee brood “nursing behavior” toward a queen larva. In addition to validating the assay, we used it to examine the influence of the age of the larva and the genetic background of the adult bees on nursing performance. This new assay also can be used in the future for mechanistic analyses of eusociality and comparative analyses of affilative behavior with other animals.
Formation of Urolithins in Normal Volunteers Following Pomegranate Extract Consumption for 28 Days is Associated with Differences in the Gut Microflora Population

Although pomegranate ellagitannins are highly bioactive in vitro, they are not absorbed intact but are hydrolyzed in the intestine to ellagic acid and urolithins. There are known interindividual di...
Computational Screening of Functional Groups for Ammonia Capture in Metal–Organic Frameworks

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) containing functional groups that strongly bind ammonia could be promising candidates for ammonia capture from air. To identify functional groups that preferentially bind ammonia versus water, we used quantum chemical methods to calculate the binding energies of ammonia and water with 21 different functional groups attached to aromatic rings, such as are common in MOF linkers. Among the functional groups studied, R-COOCu and R-COOAg are the top two candidates for ammonia capture under both dry and humid conditions. Orbital and charge analyses were performed to provide additional insight into observed behavior and trends. For Bronsted acid functional groups, increasing acidity and dielectric constant promote protonation of ammonia, as expected.
Preparing to Teach Humanitarian Open Source (Abstract Only)

Student participation in Humanitarian Free and Open Source Software (HFOSS) projects offers great learning opportunities for students, including: designing, coding, testing, documentation, collaboration and other professional skills. Humanitarian projects also foster understanding of computing's potential social impact. However, working with any open source project -- including HFOSS projects - presents some challenges to instructors. Identifying appropriate assignments, creating meaningful rubrics, mapping the academic schedule to a project's release cycle, and eliciting engagement from the HFOSS project community are just a few of the potential hurdles to overcome. This BOF will be led by a diverse group of faculty who have encountered and overcome these challenges. The organizers and other attendees will share approaches to student involvement in HFOSS as well as the challenges they've encountered and how they've overcome them. Faculty who are interested in involving students in real-world projects will be able to ask about topics including use of HFOSS in a range of courses including introductory courses, project selection, structuring courses and assignments, and gaining university buy-in, while making connections with more experienced faculty in this area. Participation of an open source community member will add perspective from open source communities.
THE THEORY OF APPEARING DEFENDED

L'A. defend une certaine theorie de la nature ontologique des experiences, appelee theorie de l'apparaitre, selon laquelle les experiences sont des relations entre les objets materiels et les esprits. Rejetant l'argument de l'hallucination, l'argument causal et l'argument de l'abime du temps qui consitituent les principales objections a la theorie de l'apparaitre, l'A. montre que celle-ci, definie comme une forme du realisme naif, les images manifeste et scientifique de l'experience, c'est-a-dire la vision commune du monde avec sa vision scientifique
Early Experience of Robot-Assisted Esophagectomy With Circular End-to-End Stapled Anastomosis

Background Surgical resection is a critical element in the treatment of esophageal cancer. Esophagectomy is technically challenging and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Efforts to reduce these rates have spurred the adoption of minimally invasive techniques. This study describes a single-institution experience of robot-assisted esophagectomy with circular end-to-end stapled anastomosis. Methods Between December 2013 and April 2015, a series of consecutive patients underwent robot-assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomy with circular end-to-end anastomosis (RAILE-EEA) at a tertiary care center with curative intent. We retrospectively reviewed their electronic medical records using real-time prospectively collected data. The operative and postoperative outcomes were recorded. Results Twenty patients underwent RAILE-EEA during the study period. The abdominal mobilization was performed laparoscopically, and the thoracic portion was robotic. The median total operative time was 455 minutes (range, 318–765 minutes), the 90-day operative mortality was 0%, and morbidity was present in 11 of 20 patients (55%). Atrial fibrillation was the most common event and was observed in 3 patients (15%). There were no anastomotic leaks. The median estimated blood loss was 275 mL, and the conversion rate was 0%. Complete (R0) resection was achieved in all cases. The mean number of lymph nodes was 23.2 (± 2.26). The median follow-up time was 330 days (range, 108–600 days), and the overall 1-year survival was 84%. Conclusions RAILE-EEA in our institution suggests a safe, effective, and reproducible alternative with satisfactory postoperative outcomes for the treatment of esophageal cancer. It provided good local control, adequate lymphadenectomy, low morbidity, and low 90-day operative mortality.
Epidemiological Features of Meningococcal Meningitis in Hunan Province from 1998 to 2007

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics and trend of meningococcal meningitis in Hunan during the period of 1998～2007,and to provide a scientific basis for controlling and preventing its prevalence. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed to reveal the features of all meningococcal meningitis cases,and circular distribution method was applied to describe the seasonal variation of meningococcal meningitis. Results The incidence rate of meningococcal meningitis was descending gradually during a ten-year period.The prevalence of the disease changed from localized epidemic to sporadical outbreak.Morbidity peak day was on March 4th,while the peak period was from Jan.1st to May 11th during a year.Changsha,a provincial capital city with large and high mobility of population,has a high incidence and most cases of meningococcal meningitis during the decade.Children under 15 years old were the susceptible population.59.5% of all cases were children aged between 5 and 19 years. Conclusions The gradual decline of the incidence might be the result of available vaccine strategy from 1980s'. The fluctuation and sometimes sharp rise of the incidence and mortality,and conversion of the main pathogen strains suggest that we must strengthen the pathogen surveillance to direct the control and prevention strategy promptly.Thus,we can take better measures to control the outbreak as soon as possible.
Exchange Transfusion Treatment of Fulminating Canine Viral Hepatitis: The Role of Specific Antiviral Antibody

The therapeutic efficacy of exchange transfusion with specific antiviral antibody was evaluated in fulminating infectious canine hepatitis (ICH). Exchange transfusion with blood containing anti-ICH antibody resulted in recovery in 5 of 7 dogs. Similar treatment of a group of 6 dogs with blood free of anti-ICH antibody was associated with only 1 survivor. An active immune response occurred in this animal. The critical role of immunity was further confirmed by recovery of a group of 3 dogs treated with a single 5-ml injection of anti-ICH serum. Serial measurements of the fractional clearance of sulfobromophthalein sodium (kB S P) demonstrated that anti-ICH antibody resulted in recovery only when administered at a time of slight functional impairment. These results indicate that antiviral antibody is a critical factor in the salutary effects observed following properly timed exchange transfusion treatment of fulminating viral hepatitis in the dog.
Single-cell TCRseq: paired recovery of entire T-cell alpha and beta chain transcripts in T-cell receptors from single-cell RNAseq

Accurate characterization of the repertoire of the T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha and beta chains is critical to understanding adaptive immunity. Such characterization has many applications across such fields as vaccine development and response, clone-tracking in cancer, and immunotherapy. Here we present a new methodology called single-cell TCRseq (scTCRseq) for the identification and assembly of full-length rearranged V(D)J T-cell receptor sequences from paired-end single-cell RNA sequencing reads. The method allows accurate identification of the V(D)J rearrangements for each individual T-cell and has the novel ability to recover paired alpha and beta segments. Source code is available at https://github.com/ElementoLab/scTCRseq .