cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in osteoporosis screening: retrospective analysis

Osteoporosis is a common disease affecting 20 % of all men. It accounts for more than 1.5 million fractures yearly in the USA. Up to 20 % of patients who sustain hip fractures die within the first 12 months from related complications. The Endocrine Society recommends screening all men 70 years or older regardless of risk factors. There are little data comparing gender-specific osteoporosis screening rates. The aim of the study is to identify any gender difference in osteoporosis screening. We conducted a retrospective study to determine the screening rates for osteoporosis in males and females in our Division of Internal Medicine, university-based outpatient clinic (UBC). Males aged 70–75 years and females aged 65–70 years with a primary care physician (PCP) at our UBC, who have had at least one routine health maintenance exam (HME) since 2002, were included. A total of 8,262 patients who met the age criteria were identified: 3,255 (39.4 %) males and 5,007 (60.6 %) females. Of the 3,255 male patients, 342 patients had their PCP at our UBC and had at least one HME; of those, 63 patients had DXA performed for an osteoporosis screening rate of 18.4 %. Of the 5,007 female patients, 668 patients had their PCP at our UBC and had at least one HME; of those, 402 patients had DXA performed for an osteoporosis screening rate of 60 %. Males are screened less frequently although they have a comparable prevalence of osteoporosis.
Initial Anatomical Changes Associated with Tuber Formation on Single-node Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cuttings: A Re-evaluation

Cell division and cell expansion during early stages of tuber development were studied using developing axillary buds on single-leaf cuttings from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Cuttings taken from plants induced to form tubers, by short day (SD) treatment, were compared with cuttings from non-induced (long day, LD) plants. In the apical zone of the buds, cell division occurred from the first day after cutting, in both LD and SD cuttings. The planes of these divisions were transverse, associated with elongation of the buds. At day 5, a new orientation of cell division was observed in the subapical zone of SD cuttings only. These divisions were longitudinal, associated with radial growth. Cell expansion occurred in both SD and LD cuttings, and was not uniquely related to the onset of tuber formation.
Differentiation of Escherichia coli serotypes using DC gradient insulator dielectrophoresis

Bacteria play a significant role in both human health and disease. An estimated 9.4 million cases of foodborne illness occur in the United States each year. As a result, rapid identification and characterization of microorganisms remains an important research objective. Despite limitations, selective culturing retains a central role among a cadre of identification strategies. For the past decade, separations-based approaches to rapid bacterial identification have been under investigation. Gradient insulator dielectrophoresis (g-iDEP) promises benefits in the form of rapid and specific separation of very similar bacteria, including serotypes of a single species. Furthermore, this approach allows simultaneous concentration of analyte, facilitating detection and downstream analysis. Differentiation of three serotypes or strains of Escherichia coli bacteria is demonstrated within a single g-iDEP microchannel, based on their characteristic electrokinetic properties. Whole cells were captured and concentrated using a range of applied potentials, which generated average electric fields between 160 and 470 V/cm. Bacteria remained viable after exposure to these fields, as determined by cellular motility. These results indicate the potential g-iDEP holds in terms of both separatory power and the possibility for diagnostic applications.
Mechanisms of magnetic separation of fine YBaCuO powders in a fluidized bed

Abstract High gradient magnetic separation of YBaCuO superconducting particles in a gas fluidized bed has been studied experimentally. The data indicate that best separation is achieved at three times the minimum fluidization gas velocity and that the superconducting concentration profile along the bed height reaches equilibrium in 30 min of exposure to the magnetic field gradient. To interpret these results a Boltzmann-type separation kinetics model is proposed in which the collective effect of Meissner and dispersive forces acting on these particles is described in terms of a separation parameter. Good agreement is found between theory and experiment.
High avidity periventricular IgG-Fc receptor activity in human and rabbit brain.

Abstract Periventricular tissues from human and rabbit brains were examined for receptors for the Fc domain of immunoglobulin G (Fc receptors). Fc receptors were demonstrated using antibody-coated erythrocytes (EIgG) and covalently cross-linked rabbit IgG. EIgG adhered specifically to nonneuronal periventricular glial areas and was inhibited by IgG and Fc fragments, but not by Fab fragments or albumin. EIgG adherence was 50% inhibited with 6.7 × 10−9M IgG. This is 1 1000 the amount of IgG required to produce 50% inhibition of EIgG adherence to arachnoid FcR. Studies with covalently cross-linked IgG demonstrated a linear relationship between ligand size and inhibition of EIgG adherence. Uncoated erythrocytes, IgM-coated erythrocytes, or F(ab′)2-coated erythrocytes failed to bind to periventricular tissue. Many nonspecific esterase-positive cells were found in the area of periventricular EIgG adherence; this esterase activity was sensitive to fluoride. These results provide, for the first time, evidence of inherent IgG receptor activity in the periventricular tissues, and suggest that the periventricular tissues play a protective role in the removal of IgG or IgG-antigen complexes which have entered the cerebral spinal fluid.
A nonlinear stability analysis of a model equation for alloy solidification

A weakly nonlinear stability analysis of the Stuart-Watson type is performed on the planar interface solution to the Sivashinsky model equation for dilute binary alloy solidification. The Landau constant appearing in the amplitude equation is calculated by means of both a direct method of solution and the traditional more indirect one of employing the adjoint linear eigenvector. It is concluded that for moving boundary problems of this sort the direct method is superior to the adjoint operator method especially in those instances where the solution itself is desired and not merely just the solvability condition. In addition, the discrepancy cited by Caroli et al. (J. Physique 43 (1982) 1767) between their formula for the Landau constant, calculated by a direct method, and that of Wollkind and Segel (Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London 268 (1970) 351), calculated by an adjoint operator method which should have yielded identical results, is resolved in favour of the latter authors Une analyse de stabilite non lineaire du type Stuart-Watson est effectuee sur l'equation de Sivashinsky a propos de la solidification d'un alliage binaire le long d'un interface plan
Determination of Deuterium‐Hydrogen Ratios in Hawaiian Waters

Previous determinations of the deuterium-hydrogen ratios in natural waters revealed the fractionation of deuterium; a fractionation resulting from differences in the vapor pressure of H 2 O and HDO. Measurements of the deuterium in sea, rain, and condensate waters of Hawaii, are reported here. These results show a concentration of deuterium in sea-surface waters, and an inverse relationship of D with altitude in rain and condensate taken on a mountain side. The possible significance of these measurements for cloud physics studies is briefly discussed. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1957.tb01917.x
The Interplay of Subsymbolic and Symbolic Processes in Psychoanalytic Treatment: It Takes Two to Tango—But Who Knows the Steps, Who's The Leader? The Choreography of the Psychoanalytic Interchange

Analyst and patient each come to the session with a set of emotion schemas, rooted in subsymbolic bodily and emotional experience, developed in the interpersonal interactions of their lives, and activated in the relational context of the session. Subsymbolic processes are systematic, organized forms of thought that continue to develop throughout life and that may occur within as well as outside of awareness. Argentine tango and the teaching of tango present optimal examples of processes that are systematic and subsymbolic, that occur within awareness and underly the intersection of internal organization and interpersonal communication. The goals of treatment include new integration of emotion schemas that have been dissociated in response to chronic or acute trauma or stress and new resolutions of earlier solutions that have proven maladaptive in the current contexts of life. In the analytic interchange, as in the complex interactions of the tango, subsymbolic communication provides the guide to bodily an...
Inhibition of UV-induced DNA repair at different steps by quinacrine and anthralin

Abstract Inhibition of DNA repair can result in accumulation of unrepaired and partially repaired lesions in DNA. Such lesions are important, not only for their primary disruption of information fidelity, but because they may serve as inducers for repair pathways which may be error prone. Inhibition of UV repair by quinacrine and anthralin (50μM each) was detected in 3H thymidine-labeled mouse L1210 cells by sedimentation of nucleoids on neutral sucrose gradients. Quinacrine delayed strand-nicking (and presumably lesion removal) following uv irradiation and anthralin exerted its strongest effects on some other repair step(s) subsequent to strand-incision with accumulation of strand disruptions. Since anthralin is a potent tumor promoter, it will be interesting to examine other promoters to see if they also cause accumulation of repair ‘intermediates’ which could act as inducers of error prone repair.
Abstract ED07-02: Effects of chronic stress on cancer metastasis

The notion that psychosocial factors can affect malignant progression has long been suspected. Clinical and epidemiological studies have recognized that specific psychosocial factors, such as stress, chronic depression, and lack of social support are risk factors for more rapid progression of cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms for this association are poorly understood. Cancer metastasis is a sequential and complex process that results in widespread dissemination of cancer cells. We have performed a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments using mechanistic manipulations to identify specific neuroendocrine signaling pathways that mediate direct effects of chronic stress on tumor cell biology. These studies focused on the effects of catecholamine neurotransmitters on angiogenic pathways that support the growth and progression of human ovarian carcinoma as well as other steps in the metastatic cascade. Findings indicate that chronic stress affects multiple steps during metastasis, resulting in greater tumor burden and more invasive growth in orthotopic mouse models. Moreover, catecholamines modulate the expression of genes encoding angiogenic factors (e.g., VEGF) via β‐adrenergic receptors expressed on the human tumor cell surface. These effects are mediated primarily through activation of the tumor cell cyclic AMP (cAMP)‐protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway by the 2‐adrenergic receptor. These data implicate β‐adrenergic activation of the cAMP‐PKA signaling pathway as a major mechanism by which behavioral stress can enhance tumor angiogenesis and growth. At a clinical level, circulating levels of angiogenic factors such as VEGF and IL‐6 are correlated with greater distress and inversely related to social support. Our recent studies demonstrate that relationships between psychosocial factors and angiogenic factors extend to the tumor microenvironment as well. Dissecting these pathways by which chronic stress provides support for angiogenesis and other steps in metastasis could have therapeutic implications for cancer management. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):ED07-02.
Reliability of Spread Footing Performance in Desiccated Clay

AbstractTo advance the use of reliability-based design procedures, it is necessary to evaluate the sources of the design parameter uncertainty including inherent variability, measurement error, and transformation uncertainty. The results of a probabilistic evaluation of undrained footing bearing performance are discussed in the context of an extensive test site characterization described in a companion paper. Kriged cone tip resistance values are transformed into design parameters using a second-moment probabilistic approach and compared with the parameters obtained from the laboratory test analyses on specimens retrieved from the test site. The spatial, measurement, and transformation uncertainty are incorporated into probabilistic finite-element and bearing capacity analyses in which the results are compared against a full-scale load test performed at the test site. The results indicate that the reliable assessment of the spread footing response depends to a large degree on the assumed strength anisotro...
On the edge: Pharmacological evidence for anxiety-related behavior in zebrafish larvae

Zebrafish larvae are ideally suited for high-throughput analyses of vertebrate behavior. The larvae can be examined in multiwell plates and display a range of behaviors during early development. Previous studies have shown that zebrafish larvae display a preference for the edge of the well and several lines of evidence suggest this edge preference (thigmotaxis) may be a measure of anxiety. In the present study, we further examined the relation between edge preference and anxiety by imaging zebrafish larvae exposed to three psychoactive drugs diazepam (Valium), fluoxetine (Prozac), and caffeine. The edge preference was first examined in a five-fish assay, with and without visual stimuli. Diazepam, a benzodiazepine that binds to GABA receptors, reduced the larval edge preference, with or without visual stimuli. In contrast, fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, did not affect the edge preference. Caffeine increased the preference for the edge in response to visual stimuli. Similar effects were observed in a two-fish assay; diazepam-exposed larvae showed a reduced edge preference and caffeine exposed larvae showed an increased edge preference. These results suggest that the edge preference in zebrafish larvae is a measure of anxiety and further illustrate that the pharmaceuticals used in the study have different mechanisms of action. Although there are substantial differences between zebrafish and human brains, our results indicate that the signals that regulate anxiety are similar on a molecular level. We propose that high-throughput assays in zebrafish may be used to uncover genetic or environmental factors that cause anxiety disorders and may contribute to the development of novel strategies to prevent or treat such disorders.
Somewhere between Jim Crow & Post-Racialism: Reflections on the Racial Divide in America Today

In 1965, when Daedalus published two issues on “The Negro American,” civil rights in the United States had experienced a series of triumphs and setbacks. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 extended basic citizenship rights to African Americans, and there was hope for further positive change. Yet 1965 also saw violent confrontations in Selma, Alabama, and the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles that were fueled by racial tensions. Against this backdrop of progress and retreat, the contributors to the Daedalus volumes of the mid-1960s considered how socioeconomic factors affected the prosperity, well-being, and social standing of African Americans. Guest editor Lawrence D. Bobo suggests that today we inhabit a similarly unsettled place: situated somewhere between the overt discrimination of Jim Crow and the aspiration of full racial equality. In his introduction, Bobo paints a broad picture of the racial terrain in America today before turning the volume over to the contributors, who...
Vitamin D receptor: Mechanisms for vitamin D resistance in renal failure

Vitamin D receptor: Mechanisms for vitamin D resistance in renal failure. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ], the hormonal form of vitamin D, controls serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hyperplasia. Both 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 actions involve regulation of gene transcription by the 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 /vitamin D receptor (VDR) complex. In advanced renal failure, in addition to low serum 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 and reduced parathyroid vitamin D receptor content, several mechanisms downstream from 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 /VDR complex formation contribute to the impairment of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 action, including reduced levels of the retinoid X receptor, RXR, with the consequent reduction in VDR/RXR heterodimer formation, and accumulation of uremic toxins and increases in nuclear levels of calreticulin, two processes that impair the binding of the VDR/RXR complex to vitamin D responsive elements in vitamin D-regulated genes. VDR/RXR-heterodimer formation and its binding to DNA is critical for 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 regulation of gene transcription. Early interventions with 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 could delay the onset of vitamin D resistance by preventing both 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 deficiency and its critical consequence, reduction in VDR content. Once established, vitamin D resistance could be counteracted by vitamin D analogs. While their less calcemic properties make higher dosing safer, their specificity to recruit co-activator molecules to the transcriptional pre-initiation complex could compensate for reduced 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 /VDR by potentiating VDR-transactivation/transrepression of genes critical for normal PTH synthesis and parathyroid cell growth.
Apparent diffusion coefficient as a non-invasive predictor of treatment response and recurrence in locally advanced rectal cancer.

Aim To evaluate the role of pretreatment apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as a predictor of treatment response and local recurrence in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant therapy. Materials and methods Forty-nine patients who underwent preoperative diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) followed by neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery were enrolled in the study. The mean tumour ADC was measured independently from multiple, non-overlapping regions of interest (ROIs) to cover the entire tumour area on a single section by two radiologists and patients were followed postoperatively for a median of 16.4 months. Diagnostic accuracy of ADC for predicting treatment response and recurrence was evaluated using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. Univariate and multivariate analyses including clinical tumour (cT) staging, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, lymph-node involvement, tumour grade, surgical margin, vascular involvement, and ADC were performed with respect to recurrence. Interobserver agreement of ADC values was assessed. Results Twenty patients showed response to neoadjuvant therapy and recurrence was noted in 17 patients. Low pretreatment ADC, MRI findings of cT4 staging, and node involvement were significantly related to poor treatment response. Sensitivity and specificity of ADC = 0.833 × 10−3 mm2/s for prediction of treatment response was 75 and 48% for reader 1 and 65 and 52% for reader 2, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified pretreatment tumour ADC as the only predictive factor for recurrence. Sensitivity and specificity of ADC = 0.833 × 10−3 mm2/s for prediction of recurrence was 86 and 77% for reader 1 and 80 and 69% for reader 2, respectively. Interobserver agreement for measuring ADC was good with a kappa value of 0.70. Conclusion Pretreatment rectal tumour ADC values may be an early biomarker for predicting treatment response and local recurrence in patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation.
A PRINCIPLE OF REDUCED STABILITY FOR REACTION-DIFFUSION EQUATIONS

A semilinear elliptic boundary value problem,Au+f(x, u, λ)=0 (withfu(x, u, λ) bounded below) can be shown to be equivalent to a finite-dimensional problem,B(c, λ)=0∈Rd(c∈Rd), in the sense that their solution sets, which are not necessarily singletons, are in a one–to–one correspondence (c(u)↔u(c)). The functionB(c, λ) is called the bifurcation function. It is shown that, for any solutionu(c), the number of negative (resp. zero) eigenvalues of the matrixBc(c, λ) is identical to the number of negative (resp. zero) eigenvalues of the linearized elliptic operatorAv+fu(x, u(c), λ) v. This results in a version of the principle of reduced stability for the problemut+Au+f(x, u, λ)=0 and its reductionc′+B(c, λ)=0.
Topology Control for Effective Interference Cancellation in Multi-User MIMO Networks

In Multi-User MIMO networks, receivers decode multiple concurrent signals using Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC). With SIC a weak target signal can be deciphered in the presence of stronger interfering signals. However, this is only feasible if each strong interfering signal satisfies a signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (SINR) requirement. This necessitates the appropriate selection of a subset of links that can be concurrently active in each receiver's neighborhood; in other words, a sub-topology consisting of links that can be simultaneously active in the network is to be formed. If the selected sub-topologies are of small size, the delay between the transmission opportunities on a link increases. Thus, care should be taken to form a limited number of sub-topologies. We find that the problem of constructing the minimum number of sub-topologies such that SIC decoding is successful with a desired probability threshold, is NP-hard. Given this, we propose MUSIC, a framework that greedily forms and activates sub-topologies, in a way that favors successful SIC decoding with a high probability. MUSIC also ensures that the number of selected sub-topologies is kept small. We provide both a centralized and a distributed version of our framework. We prove that our centralized version approximates the optimal solution for the considered problem. We also perform extensive simulations to demonstrate that (i) MUSIC forms a small number of sub-topologies that enable efficient SIC operations; the number of sub-topologies formed is at most 17% larger than the optimum number of topologies, discovered through exhaustive search (in small networks). (ii) MUSIC outperforms approaches that simply consider the number of antennas as a measure for determining the links that can be simultaneously active. Specifically, MUSIC provides throughput improvements of up to 4 times, as compared to such an approach, in various topological settings. The improvements can be directly attributable to a significantly higher probability of correct SIC based decoding with MUSIC.
Effects of progressive desialylation on the rate of disappearance of immunoreactive HCG from plasma in rats.

A specific radioimmunoassay was used to measure concentrations of immunoreactive hormone in plasma samples taken at intervals following injection of intact and variably desialylated preparations of highly purified human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) into pseudopregnant rats. Desialylation of HCG up to 25% decreased plasma half-life by 50% (from 25 to 11 min). Removal of sialic acid over the range of 25–62% resulted in a more profound reduction in plasma t½ (from 11 to less than 1 min) but desialylation greater than 62 % was without additional effect. The observations suggest that previously observed decrements in biologic activity following progressive desialylation of HCG result, in part, from changes in plasma half-life of the hormone. (Endocrinology 89: 11, 1971)
NewMINT interpretation assistance system: United States Constitution First Amendment's initial 1344 interpretations

In this paper, we describe and illustrate a new refinement in the MINT (Multiple INTerpretation) Assistance System that has Arrow Diagrams in the left margin of interpretations of legal text that indicates the sentential logical relationships of the constituent sentences of the interpretations. The new version is called NewMINT. An example of the use of NewMINT is presented in detail with respect to the First Amendment of the United States Constitution. For the seven ambiguities detected in the text of the one-sentence First Amendment, a total of 1344 different interpretations are constructed by NewMINT. By responding to seven questions about the ambiguities detected, readers can generate short-names for and full text of their own interpretations presented in Normalized Form in the language of LEGAL RELATIONS. An example of NewMINT output is presented by the complete Arrow Diagram and structured interpretation of retired Judge William A. Norris of the Ninth Circuit.
Renal Denervation Abolishes the Age-Dependent Increase in Blood Pressure in Female Intrauterine Growth-Restricted Rats at 12 Months of Age

Perinatal insults program sex differences in blood pressure, with males more susceptible than females. Aging may augment developmental programming of chronic disease, but the mechanisms involved are not clear. We previously reported that female growth-restricted offspring are normotensive after puberty. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that age increases susceptibility to hypertension in female growth-restricted offspring. Blood pressure remained similar at 6 months of age; however, blood pressure was significantly elevated in female growth-restricted offspring relative to control by 12 months of age (137±3 vs 117±4 mm Hg; P P P P
Orientational phase transitions in hydrogen at megabar pressures.

We have studied solid molecular hydrogen in various ortho-para concentrations at megabar pressures and down to liquid-helium temperatures. From changes of Raman spectra of rotational and vibrational modes we have identified three new phases. We show evidence for the orientationally ordered phase of parahydrogen at a pressure of 110 GPa (1.1 Mbar) and 8 K and for molecular orientational ordering within the newly discovered hydrogen-A phase.
Trends in Consumption of Food Away from Home 1977-1995 and Implications for Achieving Dietary Guidelines for Fat Intake

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To become aware of trends in food consumption away from home, the fat content of food eaten out, and the implications for meeting the Dietary Guideline for fat intake. In recent years, eating away from home has become increasingly common. We used data from nationwide food consumption surveys conducted by the US Department of Agriculture between 1977 and 1995 to assess trends in consumption of food away from home and their implications for meeting the Dietary Guideline to limit fat intake to 30 percent of calories or less. Between 1977-78 and 1995, consumption of food away from home by Americans 2 years of age and over increased from 19 percent of total caloric consumption to 36 percent of calories (these figures include take-out food). Eating out increased among both children and adults during this time period, and fast-food establishments, in particular, rose in popularity among both age groups. Among children ages 2-17, fast-food accounted for 12 percent of meals away from home in 1977-78, whereas schools accounted for 64 percent. By 1995, fast-food and schools each accounted for about one-third of meals eaten out by children. Among adults, the proportion of meals away from home that were fast-food rose from 38 percent in 1977-78 to 45 percent in 1995. During the time period studied, the fat content of food from the home food supply dropped steadily, from 41 percent in 1977-78 to 32 percent in 1995. The fat content of food away from home declined comparatively slightly from 41 percent in 1977-78 to 37 percent in 1995. As the trend to eating out continues, the higher fat content of food consumed away from home may be a barrier to meeting the Dietary Guideline for fat. Possible reasons for the higher fat content of food eaten away from home are discussed and potential nutrition promotion strategies to reduce its fat content are considered.
Discovering the Keys: Spirit in Teaching and the Journey of Learning

This article explores teaching as an artful endeavor not unlike composing music, painting pictures, choreographing dance, or writing poetry. This art metaphor illustrates the creativity, discipline, and emotional and spiritual energy central to a learning paradigm where the reward for teaching is in the doing. The article focuses on the importance of bringing passion to and deriving meaning from teaching, the emergent nature of the learning journey, and the need to foster student self-sufficiency for life-long learning.
Electronic Analog of the Human Recognition System

This article describes a system for pattern recognition made up of electronic logic elements which has many of the characteristics of humans for recognizing patterns. In particular, the recognition is invariant for size and will tolerate a specified amount of tilt or figure rotation. The electronic components or organs which make up this system consist of delay lines, logical elements such as “and” circuits, and photoreceptors.
Further evidence for the existence of an "organismic" set point in rats with dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus lesions (DMNL rats): normal catch-up growth.

Abstract The present study was performed to assess the capacity of rats with dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus lesions (DMNL rats) and sham-operated controls (CON) for catch-up growth following body weight (b.wt.) reduction prior to DMNL (and sham-lesion) production. Male SD rats (45 days, 157±1.3 g) were maintained for 11 days ad lib (ADLIB) after arrival and then divided into two groups. One group continued to feed ADLIB, the other group was fed half of the ration eaten by ADLIB rats for 32 days. At this point each group was divided into two subgroups. One subgroup received DMNL, the other subgroup consisted of CON. From then on all rats were fed ADLIB [except for one group of CON that was pair-fed to the ADLIB DMNL rats (PF-CON) for 37 days (69th day of experiment) and then killed. DMNL rats lesioned at normal b.wt. (ADLIB DMNL) showed a precipitous drop in food intake, b.wt. and efficiency of food utilization (EFU). In striking contrast, rats that had received DMNL after b.wt. restriction (REST DMNL) and were then refed ADLIB showed a dramatic rise in food intake, b.wt., change in b.wt. and EFU, the latter being almost twice that of the ADLIB DMNL. Notably, the PF-CON weighed less than the ADLIB CON and utilized food poorer than ADLIB CON, REST CON and ADLIB DMNL. Liver weight (both absolute and relative (per kg 3 4 b.wt.) was reduced in DMNL irrespective of dietary treatment. In contrast, testes weights were higher in ADLIB DMNL than in ADLIB CON in both absolute and relative terms; this difference was not evident in REST DMNL vs. REST CON. However, the testes of the PF-CON were heavier than those of the ADLIB. Weights of kidneys and epididymal fat pads were reduced in REST DMNL vs. REST CON but not in ADLIB DMNL vs. ADLIB CON. Relative weights were normal among the groups, as was carcass protein. Notably, the PF-CON group had less carcass fat than the REST CON, all other group values being comparable. Restriction of b.wt. prior to DMNL evidently promotes rapid adjustments that are almost identical in magnitude to those in CON. Despite reduced food intake and ponderal and linear growth, the DMNL rat is competent to regulate its new body weight and to adjust it after severe b.wt. reduction prior to lesion production. In conjunction with previous data this suggests the existence of an “organismic” set point.
Dynamic relationships with customers: High-variety strategies

A proposal is made that one way to compete effectively in the 21st century is to meet customers’ needs over time better than the competition by offering a high-variety product line. More variety in a product line can make it more likely that each consumer finds exactly the option he or she desires (customization strategy). In addition, more variety in a product line can allow each consumer to enjoy a diversity of options over time (variety-seeking strategy). Other issues such as profitability, cost considerations, how much variety to offer and where in the delivery chain to offer it, and when does too much variety cause confusion or overload are also discussed.
Hospitalized occupational finger amputations, New Jersey, 1985 and 1986.

About 19,000 finger amputations occur at work each year in the United States. Twenty percent of these injuries are severe enough to require hospitalization. Hospital discharge data from New Jersey (1985, 1986) were used to describe the demographic characteristics of persons with such injuries and to identify potential subjects for telephone interview. A total of 637 persons hospitalized for finger amputations were sent letters asking for their participation. Of 637 persons, 355 (56%) were contacted and 228 (36%) were interviewed, of whom 134 (59%) said their injury occurred at work. The annual rate of finger amputations at work was 9.3 per 100,000 employed persons. The rate was higher for males (14.7) than females (1.9). The age-adjusted rates were higher for Hispanic (52.8) and black (28.9) males than for white males (9.5). Persons working with machines or maintaining them in the manufacturing industry were at highest risk. Unjamming or repairing machinery (e.g., presses, saws, or slicers) while in operation was particularly hazardous. These data can be used to target occupations and industries for specific worksite intervention to prevent finger amputations. One limitation of this study, however, is that hospitalized occupational finger amputations may not be representative of all finger amputations, the majority of which are less severe and do not require hospitalization. Language: en
Green's Functions for the Acoustic Field in Lined Ducts with Uniform Flow

This paper presents the analytical modeling of the radiation of sound from a moving boundary inside a lined circular duct containing uniform axial flow. This formulation can be used to model impedance discontinuities in the acoustic liners of turbofan-engine inlet ducts, such as the structural strips that separate liner panels, the liner splices near the fan, liner repair patches, and so forth. The model is based on finding a closed-form Green's function for the acoustic pressure inside the circular lined duct using a spectral expansion method, that is, using the duct modes. This method allows us to explicitly satisfy the continuity condition at the source location, which is strictly required by the Green's function. The solution is found for a point source and then extended to a finite piston by using the divergence theorem in the appropriate form to account for the effect of the soft wall. The Maxwell reciprocity principle used in this process is satisfied by using the adjoint Green's function, rather than the direct solution itself, because of the nonsymmetry introduced by the convective flow. As a consequence of the axial nonsymmetry, the expressions obtained for the radiated pressure depend on the direction of propagation of sound. The modeling of a circumferential array of rigid patches bonded to the surface of the liner is presented to illustrate the potential applications of this formulation.
Bonding amalgam to glass ionomer with PAA.

Abstract Several considerations led to the hypothesis that a bond might be mediated between amalgam triturate and initially set glass ionomer (GI) by polyacrylic acid (PAA). Thirty samples (6 per group) of amalgam-bonded-to-glass ionomer were prepared by coating (without removal) the initially set glass ionomer suface with 40% PAA for 15, 30, 60, 90 or 120 s prior to amalgam condensation. Six samples of GI only (GO) were also prepared as a control group. All samples were stored at 37°C and 90±1% relative humdity for one week prior to shear testing. Mean shear strengths (MPa) for the groups were as follows: GO=4.12, 120 s=3.96, 90 s=3.25, 60 s=3.15, 30 s=098, and 15 s=0.56. The shear strengths of the bonded samples PAA-treated for 60 s or longer were not significantly different (p>0.05) from the shear strengths of the solid glass ionomer (GO) samples. Significantly weaker bonds (p
General mass bounds for multi-z0 models

Abstract For any electroweak gauge model of the form SU(2) × U(1) × G, where the known fermions do not transform under G, bounds on the lightest and heaviest Z0 masses are derived in terms of the SU(2) and U(1) couplings alone. In principle, there is no absolute upper bound on the lightest Z0 mass.
The temporal course of extra-experimental interference from verbal habits

After training with a paired-associate learning task, retention was assessed by the verbal stimulation technique after 2 min and 48 h. A significant loss in retention from 2 min to 48 h was accompanied by a corresponding increase in extra-experimental sources of interference. Proactive interference due to pre-experimental verbal habits was found to increase as the retention interval increased.
A comparison of alternative data sources for modeling site index in loblolly pine plantations

Site index curves are generally developed from one of three data sources: (i) permanent sample plots, (ii) temporary sample plots, or (iii) stem analysis data. Permanent sample plots are considered...
Reproductive factors and the risk of renal cell cancer among women.

In etiologic studies of renal cell carcinoma the role of reproductive variables and the use of exogenous hormones have not been well examined. In a population-based case-control study including 165 female cases and 227 controls, we assessed the risk of renal cell cancer associated with reproductive factors and use of oral contraceptives and menopausal hormones. Odds ratios were computed using logistic regression analyses. Risk was positively associated with number of births and inversely associated with age at first birth, with the largest increases in risk (more than 2-fold) among women with 5 or more births after age 25. After adjustment for age, smoking status, body mass index and age at first birth, women with 5 or more births had a 2-fold risk (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.2-4.0) relative to those with 1 or 2 births. Age at first birth, however, was no longer a risk factor when the number of births was adjusted for. The association with parity was considerably stronger among women with a history of hypertension or above-median body mass index than among those without these conditions. In addition, risk was reduced among long-term oral contraceptive users but elevated among women who had had a hysterectomy or used menopausal hormones. Our findings suggest that reproductive factors, particularly the number of births, may play an etiologic role in renal cell cancer among women and deserve further study. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Quantum dot formation on a strain-patterned epitaxial thin film

We model the effect of substrate strain patterning on the self-assembly of quantum dots (QDs). When the surface energy is isotropic, we demonstrate that strain patterning via embedded substrate inclusions may result in ordered, self-organized QD arrays. However, for systems with strong cubic surface energy anisotropy, the same patterning does not readily lead to an ordered array of pyramids at long times. We conclude that the form of the surface energy anisotropy strongly influences the manner in which QDs self-assemble into regular arrays.
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in the plasma of patients after surgical resection of endometriomas

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may have a role in the pathogenesis of endometrioma. The level of MMP was lower compared to the level taken after resection of endometrioma.
Edge noise removal in multimodal background modeling techniques

Traditional video scene analysis depends on accurate background modeling techniques to segment objects of interest. Multimodal background models such as Mixture of Gaussian (MOG) and Multimodal Mean (MM) are capable of handling dynamic scene elements and incorporating new objects into the background. Due to the adaptive nature of these techniques, new pixels have to be observed consistently over time before they can be incorporated into the background. However, pixels in the boundary between two colors tend to fluctuate more, creating false positive pixels that result in less accurate foreground segmentation. To correct this, a simple and computationally efficient edge detection based algorithm is proposed. On average, approximately 70 percent of these false positives can be eliminated with little computational overhead.
Examination of Changes in Prospective Elementary Teachers’ Epistemological Beliefs in Science and Exploration of Factors Meditating That Change

Epistemological beliefs refer to an individual’s thinking and beliefs about the nature of knowledge and knowing. The present study examined two research questions: (1) how do prospective elementary teachers’ epistemological beliefs in science change as a result of instruction specifically designed to improve their epistemological beliefs and (2) what role does the conceptual ecology for epistemological beliefs play in their development? The study was correlational with a sample of 161 prospective elementary teachers (148 female, 13 male). Self-report questionnaires tapping four dimensions of epistemological beliefs (certainty-simplicity, justification, source, attainability of truth) were given to prospective elementary teachers at two time points during an introductory science course. Results indicated that prospective elementary teachers became more sophisticated in their beliefs across all four dimensions of epistemological beliefs. It was found that one component of conceptual ecology for epistemological beliefs, thinking dispositions, was related to the development of epistemological beliefs. Prospective teachers with high thinking dispositions developed more sophisticated beliefs in comparison to prospective teachers with low thinking dispositions.
Effects of anti-thymocyte serum on Rauscher virus infection of mice.

CELL-MEDIATED immune responses seem to be the principal host defence against virus-induced tumours and leukaemias1. Transfer of sensitized lymphoid cells can produce resistance to tumour induction or transplantation, whereas depression of cell-mediated immune mechanisms results in enhanced susceptibility to viral oncogenesis or leukaemogenesis2. The most potent suppressants of cellular immunity yet described are anti-lymphoid sera3. These sera have been used primarily to suppress homograft rejection after tissue transplantation, but have also been used to investigate mechanisms of viral pathogenesis. They have been found to potentiate polyoma and adenovirus oncogenesis4,5, as well as Moloney virus leukaemogenesis5, whereas they delay or prevent signs of lyinphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) and yellow fever infections6–9. We report an examination of the effects of rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte (RAMT) serum on the development of Rauscher leukaemia virus infection.
Innovative online faculty development utilizing the power of social media

Abstract Objective Faculty development (FD) is important for continued professional development, but expense and distance remain challenging. These challenges could be minimized by the free and asynchronous nature of social media (SM). We sought to determine the utility and effectiveness of conducting a national online FD activity on Facebook by assessing participants' perceptions and use and facilitators' challenges. Methods An educational activity of a national FD program was managed on a closed Facebook group. Activities included postings of educational technology goals, abstracting an article, and commenting on peers' postings. Sources of quantitative data included the Facebook postings and the survey responses. Surveys before, after, and 6 months after the activity assessed knowledge, attitudes and self-reported behaviors. Sources of qualitative data were the open-ended survey questions and the content of the Facebook postings. Results All participants completed the FD activity and evaluations, yielding 38 postings and 115 comments. Before the activity, 88% had a personal Facebook account, 64% were somewhat/very confident using Facebook, 77% thought SM would be useful for professional networking, and 12% had used it professionally. Six months after the activity, professional usage had increased to 35%. Continued use of Facebook for future presentations of this FD activity was recommended by 76%. Qualitative analysis yielded 12 types of Facebook postings and 7 themes related to using SM for FD. Conclusions Conducting a national FD activity on Facebook yielded excellent participation rates and positive participant impressions, and it affected professional usage. Facebook may become an additional tool in the educator's toolbox for FD as a result of its acceptability and accessibility.
Modelling the thermal oxidative degradation kinetics of polyethylene film containing metal pro-oxidants

Abstract The variation of degradation, as measured by change in percentage elongation with time, was evaluated at different temperatures for low density polyethylene-starch composite films containing varying amounts of manganese and iron as pro-oxidant. An equation for change of peroxy radicals with time was derived to reflect change of percentage elongation with time. This equation was then used in curve fitting results of percentage elongation of films and estimating oxidative degradation rates in the form of half lives of starch polymer composite films. This adaptation of the model by Guryanova appears to describe remarkably well the variation in elongation of polyethylene film with degradation, and may also be instrumental in linking variation of mechanical properties to chemical kinetics. The model was applied to experimental data and the curve parameters and half-lives derived appeared to vary in an Arrhenius fashion with temperature. The variation of the curve parameters with temperature in conjunction with the model equation describing percentage elongation with time were then used to derive an equation describing degradation with temperature and time for low density and linear low density polyethylene-starch composite films containing metal pro-oxidants.