cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phytochrome regulation of transcription: biochemical and genetic approaches.

Phytochrome action has been demonstrated to affect the transcription of a number of different genes in many different species (see reviews by Tobin and Silverthorne, 1985; Kuhlemeier et al., 1987). The effect may be either a positive or negative one. Other light receptors, circadian rhythms, and tissue type have also been shown to have effects on the transcription of phytochrome regulated genes. Particular short “light responsive elements” that can interact with protein factors have been identified upstream of a number of rbcS and cab genes encoding, respectively, the small subunit (SSU) of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and the major apoproteins of the photosystem II light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex (LHCII). The evidence suggests these sequences play an important role in the overall response to light/dark conditions (reviewed in Silverthorne and Tobin, 1987; Benfey and Chua, 1989). There is also evidence that phytochrome action can alter RNA levels by effects on additional, post-transcriptional processes (Colbert, 1988; Thompson, 1988; Elliott et al., 1989), as well as influence many other processes, such as membrane permeability, that may not involve altered gene expression (Kendrick and Kronenberg, 1986). Although the phytochrome chromoprotein has itself been the subject of biochemical studies for many years, to date there is no clear understanding of the chain of events by which the phototransformation of phytochrome leads to specific transcriptional changes.
Localization of a cryptic binding site for tenascin on fibronectin.

Abstract Fibronectin and tenascin are large extracellular matrix proteins that interact with each other and with integrin receptors to regulate cell growth and movement. They are both modular proteins composed of independently folded domains (modules) that are arranged in linear fashion. Fibronectin is a covalent dimer and tenascin is a hexamer. The site on tenascin to which fibronectin binds has been localized to type III modules 3–5. In this study we use surface plasmon resonance to examine the interaction between various fragments of fibronectin and tenascin to further characterize and localize the binding sites. We found that tenascin fragments that contain type III modules 3–5 bind primarily to the N-terminal 29-kDa hep-1/fib-1 domain, which contains the first five type I modules of fibronectin. The dissociation constant, Kd, is ≈1 μm. The binding site on fibronectin appears to be cryptic in the whole molecule in solution but is exposed on the proteolytic fragments and probably when fibronectin is in the extended conformation.
Emotion processing in Psychopathy Checklist-assessed psychopathy: a review of the literature

Deficient emotional experience is recognized as one of the central features of psychopathy and an impressive body of empirical findings regarding emotion processing in psychopathy has amassed over the past several decades, resulting in two broad theoretical perspectives. The general emotional deficit perspective postulates a globally reduced capacity for emotional experience and processing across the emotional spectrum. In contrast, according to the specific emotional deficit perspective, psychopathy is associated with abnormal experience of only specific types of emotion; several distinct hypotheses have been proposed under this latter perspective. We systematically and critically review findings from peer-reviewed research of emotion processing in psychopathy in relation to the two theoretical perspectives. In general, findings suggest that, compared to controls, psychopaths exhibit behavioral, psychophysiologic, and regional brain activation anomalies when processing emotion, but their ratings of self-arousal and stimulus valence/intensity do not differ from controls. However, when behavioral findings are examined separately by emotion type, the overall pattern of findings is not clearly consistent with any of the dominant theoretical perspectives of emotion processing in psychopathy. We summarize the current state of the field, including consistencies and inconsistencies in the literature, offer alternative explanations for the findings, and outline directions for future research.
Effects of chemical control of the cotton aphid during the early season on cotton plants on natural enemies and yield

Studies on effects of chemical control of the cotton aphid during the early season on (1) the growth and fruiting characteristics and yield of cotton, and (2) pest and natural enemy number and pest damage during the mid and late season, were conducted during the period from 1984 to 1989 in cotton fields in coastal areas of East China. Chemical control of the cotton aphid during early season does not affect the number of lateral bud, node, boll and summer boll produced per plant, nor does it decrease square sheds or increase pre-frost bloom rate and lint yield of cotton plants. Instead, chemical control during the early season reduces the number of natural enemies and increases the number of pests and amount of pest damage on cotton during the mid and late season. Zusammenfassung Wirkungen von chemischen Bekampfungsmasnahmen gegen Baumwollblattlause in der Fruhsaison auf Baumwollpflanzen, Ernte und naturliche Feinde Die von 1984 bis 1989 in Baumwollfeldern der Kustenregion von Ostchina durchgefuhrten Untersuchungen ergaben, das die in der Fruhsaison vorgenommene chemische Blattlausbekampfung weder die Zahl der Seitenknospen, Nodien und Samenkapseln pro Pflanze beeinfluste noch die “sqare sheds” verminderte oder die Blutenrate und Wollmenge vermehrte. Dagegen sank durch diese Fruhbekampfung die Zahl der naturlichen Feinde und stieg die Zahl der Schadlinge und deren Schaden wahrend der Mittel- und Spatsaison.
Predictors of methamphetamine psychosis: History of ADHD-relevant childhood behaviors and drug exposure

The goal of this study was to extend our previous research that reported a significant association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)-relevant childhood behaviors and the frequency of methamphetamine (MA)-induced psychotic symptoms in an expanded sample. 190 participants who met DSM-IV criteria for MA dependence were administered the Methamphetamine Experience Questionnaire that assessed MA-induced psychosis. Data related to MA exposure, comorbid drug use, education, familial psychiatric history and assessments of ADHD-relevant childhood behaviors as measured by the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) were collected. Although WURS scores did not differ between 145 MAP+ and 45 MAP- subjects, MAP+ subjects with higher WURS scores were significantly more likely to report more frequent psychosis. Although mean daily MA dosage did not differ between the MAP+ and MAP- subjects, MAP+ subjects who consumed larger doses of MA were significantly more likely to experience frequent psychosis. These data suggest that ADHD-relevant childhood behaviors may interact with MA exposure to reflect a neurobiological vulnerability related to the emergence of frequent MA-induced psychotic symptoms. These results may elucidate factors that contribute to the psychiatric sequelae of MA abuse.
Production of tPA in recombinant CHO cells under oxygen‐limited conditions

Animal cell bioreactors are often limited by the oxygen supply. The reduction in oxygen consumption per cell that occurs under hypoxic conditions may be exploited as a method for increasing reactor capacity if additional glucose is provided to offset increased glycolytic activity. The effects of oxygen deprivation on recombinant tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) production were investigated using midexponential and slowly growing CHO cells. The specific oxygen consumption rate can be reduced by at least 50% (mild hypoxic conditions) without affecting the cell growth rate, maximum cell concentration, tPA production rate, or tPA quality (as characterized by the tPA-specific activity and SDS-PAGE analysis). This suggests that mild-hypoxic conditions (with sufficient glucose) can be used to double the cell concentration and volumetric tPA production rate (at a constant volumetric oxygen supply rate) without sacrificing product quality. However, anoxic conditions should be avoided. When slowly growing cultures were exposed to anoxia, the tPA production rate decreased by 80% without affecting tPA quality. However, when midexponential cultures were exposed to anoxia, the drop in tPA production was accompanied by a decrease in tPA quality that ranged from a 40% decrease in tPA specific activity to extensive tPA degradation. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cost-effectiveness of harm reduction in preventing hepatitis C among injection drug users.

Objectives.Hepatitis C (HCV) has emerged as a major epidemic among injection drug users (IDUs), with observed prevalence exceeding 70% in many American and European cities. This article explores the potential of syringe exchange programs (SEPs) to reduce HCV incidence and prevalence.Design.A random-mixing epidemiological model is used to examine the potential impact of harm reduction interventions.Methods.Steady-state analysis is used to scrutinize the impact of SEP on HCV incidence and prevalence and to examine the accuracy of short-term incidence analysis in predicting long-run program effects.Results.SEP is predicted to have little impact on HCV incidence and prevalence within realistic populations of IDUs.Conclusions.Short-term incidence analysis substantially overstates SEP effectiveness and cost-effectiveness in preventing HCV. More comprehensive harm reduction models, coupled with referral of active IDUs to treatment, must complement syringe exchange to successfully contain highly infectious blood-...
Network interdiction to minimize the maximum probability of evasion with synergy between applied resources

In this paper, we model and solve the network interdiction problem of minimizing the maximum probability of evasion by an entity traversing a network from a given source to a designated terminus, while incorporating novel forms of superadditive synergy between resources applied to arcs in the network. Inspired primarily by operations to coordinate Iraqi and U.S. security forces seeking to interdict an evader attempting to avoid detection while transiting part of the nearly rectilinear street network in East Baghdad, this study motivates and examines either linear or concave (nonlinear) synergy relationships between the applied resources within our formulations. We also propose an alternative model for sequential overt and covert deployment of subsets of interdiction resources, and conduct theoretical as well as empirical comparative analyses between models for purely overt (with or without synergy) and composite overt-covert strategies to provide insights into absolute and relative threshold criteria for recommended resource utilization. Our empirical results confirm the value of tactical patience regarding decisions on the covert utilization of resources for network interdiction. Furthermore, considering non-integral and integral resource allocations, we identify (theoretically and empirically) parametric characteristics of instances that exhibit the relative worth of employing partially covert operations. Under the relatively more practical scenario involving integral resource allocations, we demonstrate that the composite overt-covert strategy of deploying resources has a greater potential to improve over a purely overt resource deployment strategy, both with and without synergy, particularly when costs are positively correlated, resources are plentiful, and a sufficiently high ratio of covert to overt resources exists. Moreover, should an interdictor be able to ascertain an optimal evader path, the potential and magnitude of this relative improvement for the overt-covert resource allocation strategy is significantly greater.
Unbalance compensation for AMB systems with input delay: An output regulation approach

Abstract Unbalance compensation is an important technique for reducing rotor vibration in high speed rotating machines caused by residual rotor unbalance. As rotating machines in remote applications aim for higher speeds to gain efficiency and to reduce footprint, there is a need to extend the unbalance compensation techniques to active magnetic bearing (AMB) systems with delays in the control loop. This paper investigates the unbalance compensation problem for AMB systems with input delays. An unbalance compensation method is developed based on a solution to the output regulator problem for systems with input delay. The proposed unbalance compensation method is verified through simulation, and experimentally validated on an AMB test rig.
Protein kinase C modulation of ventilatory response to hypoxia in nucleus tractus solitarii of conscious rats

This study aimed to determine the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in signal transduction mechanisms underlying ventilatory regulation in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). Microinjection of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate into the commissural NTS of nine chronically instrumented, unrestrained rats elicited significant cardiorespiratory enhancements that lasted for at least 4 h, whereas administration of vehicle ( n = 15) or the inactive phorbol ester 4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate ( n = 7) did not elicit minute ventilation (V˙e) changes. Peak hypoxic V˙eresponses (10% O2-balance N2) were measured in 19 additional animals after NTS microinjection of bisindolylmaleimide (BIM) I, a selective PKC inhibitor ( n = 12), BIM V (inactive analog; n = 7), or vehicle (Con; n = 19). In Con,V˙e increased from 139 ± 9 to 285 ± 26 ml/min in room air and hypoxia, respectively, and similar responses occurred after BIM V. BIM I did not affect room airV˙e but markedly attenuated hypoxia-induced V˙e increases (128 ± 12 to 167 ± 18 ml/min; P < 0.02 vs. Con and BIM V). When BIM I was microinjected into the cerebellum ( n = 4), cortex ( n = 4), or spinal cord ( n = 4),V˙e responses were similar to Con. Western blots of subcellular fractions of dorsocaudal brain stem lysates revealed translocation of PKCα, β, γ, δ, e, and ι isoenzymes during acute hypoxia, and enhanced overall PKC activity was confirmed in the particulate fraction of dorsocaudal brain stem lysates harvested after acute hypoxia. These studies suggest that, in the adult rat, PKC activation in the NTS mediates essential components of the acute hypoxic ventilatory response.
Property, Intellectual Property, and Social Justice: Mapping the Next Frontier

Professor Joseph Singer’s property scholarship explores the human, cultural, social, and distributive dimensions of property law. Using his body of work as a springboard, this article explores the cross-currents flowing between intellectual property and social justice. Part I examines the limitations of tangible property theory as a frame for understanding intellectual property policy. Part II distinguishes between internal, largely utilitarian, analysis of particular modes of intellectual property protection and the external interplay of intellectual property systems and broader social justice concerns. Part III explores the macro interplay of intellectual property and inequality, gender and racial inclusion, and global justice challenges, highlighting complexities, tensions, and paradoxes.
Preparation and characterization of WO3/SiO2 catalysts

Two sets of WO3/SiO2 catalysts were prepared from (NH4 6H2W12O40 (aqueous method) and W(η3-C3H5)4 (non-aqueous method). The molecular structures and dispersions of the surface tungsten oxide species for the WO3/SiO2 catalysts under ambient and in situ dehydrated conditions were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The samples prepared from (NH4)6H2W12O40 (aqueous method) exhibit very strong Raman features due to the presence of crystalline WO3 and the samples prepared from W(η3-C3H5)4 (non-aqueous method) do not possess crystalline WO3. These results suggest that the preparation method exerts an influence on the dispersion of the surface tungsten oxide species on SiO2. The surface tungsten oxide species under ambient conditions possess polytungstate clusters, W12O 42 12− , on the silica support. Upon dehydration at elevated temperatures, the hydrated polytungstate clusters decompose and interact with the silica support via the formation of isolated, octahedrally coordinated tungsten oxide species.
Glass beads and glass production in early South India: Contextualizing Indo-Pacific bead manufacture

Abstract Central to bead scholar Peter Francis's interpretations about the manufacture and distribution of Indian Ocean glass beads is the assertion that the Indo-Pacific bead – a small monochrome drawn glass bead commonly found at sites around the Indian Ocean – was originally produced in South India in the early centuries BCE/CE. He further contends that their manufacture continued for the next two millennia, and that in that time the artisans and/or their unique technology migrated from South India to other parts of Asia, including Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. The dozen or so years since Francis's extensive research on the Indo-Pacific bead have produced new data from survey, excavations, and chemical analyses which provide a better context for understanding this particular artifact category. Moving beyond Francis's study of ethnoarcheological and excavated materials from Papanaidupet and Arikamedu, this paper will review the available data for glass in premodern South India, including recently discovered sites in southern Andhra Pradesh, and consider strategies for reconstructing the broader socio-economic settings in which early South Indian Indo-Pacific bead manufacture took place.
A review in the treatment of oncologic emergencies

AimOncologic emergencies are often categorized as a group of metabolic abnormalities associated with the diagnosis of cancer or the initiation of chemotherapy for treatment. These syndromes often arise in the acute setting, demanding an accurate knowledge of the associated condition and current treatment. In this review, we evaluate five oncologic emergencies: tumor lysis syndrome, hypercalcemia, hyponatremia, spinal cord compression, and disseminated intravascular coagulation.SummaryOncologic emergencies are often diverse in etiology and are often associated with the initiation of chemotherapy. Tumor lysis syndrome presents as severe electrolyte abnormalities that need to be addressed urgently, sometimes prior to initiation of chemotherapy. Hypercalcemia of malignancy is treated with aggressive rehydration, furosemide, and intravenous bisphosphonates. If a patient with cancer presents with normovolemic hyponatremia, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone should be suspected. Malignant spinal cord...
Subclavian flap angioplasty: Experimental study in growing piglets

Persistent stenosis or recoarctation remains the major long-term complication of repair of coarctation of the aorta in infancy. This present study was undertaken to observe the growth of the thoracic aorta in piglets following subclavian flap angioplasty across normal and abnormal retained aortic segments utilizing two conventional suturing techniques. Subclavian flap angioplasty was performed with 6-0 monofilament polypropylene in 12 piglets (body weight 13.3 ± 2.3 kg SD) after measuring the aortic diameter and excising 50% of the aortic wall to simulate an aortic coarctation. In six piglets the medial and lateral sides of the subclavian flap were sewn into the aorta by means of a continuous suture technique (Group I); in the remaining animals suture lines were completed with an interrupted technique (Group II). In three animals in each group the remaining aortic isthmus was injected circumferentially and intramurally with a 10% neutral buffered formalin solution to simulate an abnormal aortic wall. The animals were killed 6 months following operation when their weight had increased eightfold. The thoracic aorta was excised, aortography was performed under high pressure, and the vessel diameters were measured. Burst testing for strength was carried out and photographs were made. There were no postoperative complications or deaths. All anastomoses were patent, and all vessels withstood burst testing at 300 mm Hg mean pressure. No hemodynamically significant strictures were seen in either group, with the greatest reduction and in diameter being 36%. However, in Group I animals intraluminal suture material was associated with adherent thrombus in one animal. These results indicate that, regardless of the suture technique or the growth potential of the retained aortic segment after subclavian flap angioplasty, subsequent satisfactory growth of the aortic area will occur. A strong, nonstenotic vessel results. However, the use of continuous suture technique in fashioning the subclavian flap angioplasty should be avoided, since suture material may erode into the lumen and may form a nidus for thrombus generation.
Reading in Post-Soviet Russia

The post-Soviet period has in some quarters been described as one of crisis for print culture. Many periodicals were on the brink of closure in 1992. In the same year, book publishing reached a spectacular low of just 28 000 titles, which was roughly on a par with 1913; in 1993 the number of titles began to rise very slowly, but the overall print-run continued to plummet. From a peak of two billion in 1991 it fell to 470 million in 1995.
Understanding the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the United States—The Role of Syndemics in Shaping the Public’s Health

Thirty-five years ago, doctors identified a handful of cases of a suspicious new medical syndrome in the United States (U.S.), a series of events now widely recognized as the beginning of the epidemic of Human Immunodeficiency Virus or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS). From the very beginning, the story of the HIV/AIDS epidemic has been a chronicle of health disparities, exposing and worsening social inequality both in the U.S. and around the world.
Dystrophinopathy in Females

Dystrophin immunocytochemistry was used to study muscle biopsies from 505 girls and women with neuromuscular disease seen at the National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York.
Measurement of the Neutron-Induced Fission Cross Section of Neptunium-237 Relative to Uranium-235 from 20 keV to 30 MeV

We have measured the fission cross-section ratio of 237Np to 235U as a function of neutron energy from 20 keV to 30 MeV using ionization fission chambers, the threshold cross-section method, and th...
The Figurative History of Money: Cognitive Foundations of Money Names in Anglo-Saxon

The current research is the first in a series of articles devoted to the money names in difefrent periods of the English language history and is an attempt to reconstruct cognitive foundations for designating the concept of money in the Anglo-Saxon period (AD 410 -- 1066) and look at how specific historical processes and human practices might have affected the naming.Money as an object of cognition is a prepogative of economics, and as artifacts of numismatics. Linguistics is yet to contribute to the study of the phenomenon in questionas its methods of semantic, etymological, and comparative analyses can help expose sociolinguistic forces at work in setting consistent patterns for denotation. In the history of concept formation figurative transfers played an important role in creating grounds for naming an object by the cognizing subject. Thus, onomasiology draws on cognitive schemes and image-schemata as its foundational elements. The aim of this article is to induce these elements. Diachronic cognitive onomasiology and social cognitive linguistics provide cross-disciplinary frameworks for the research. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.0.30.17311
Novel porous bioabsorbable phosphate glass matrix nanocomposites incorporating trisilanolphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane prepared by extrusion

Abstract Phosphate glass matrix nanocomposites containing trisilanolphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) were investigated for the first time to accelerate efforts to develop novel hybrid phosphate glass/POSS composites with enhanced benefits. Tin fluorophosphate glass (Pglass) having ultra-low glass transition temperature (Tg) was utilized as the matrix material in extrusion at relatively low processing temperature (i.e., 270 ± 10 °C) compared to that of typical borosilicate and sodalime glasses. The resulting nanocomposites materials were highly porous due to evaporation of condensed water produced in situ from polysiloxane condensation reaction between the Pglass and POSS during the extrusion process. As the amount of POSS was increased in the Pglass matrix material, the glass transition temperature was significantly changed by the bulky POSS molecules. The novel porous nanocomposites should find a number of uses in applications at elevated temperatures where conventional organic polymer foam materials are not useable.
Review: Self-Interned, 1942: Noguchi in Poston War Relocation Center

Self-Interned, 1942: Noguchi in Poston War Relocation Center Noguchi Museum, Long Island City, New York 18 January 2017–7 January 2018 Much of Isamu Noguchi's artistic practice can be interpreted in terms of his manipulation of land and, specifically, stone: cut, carved, and twisted; oxidized by sunlight or textured by brush; stones in the landscape and stones as landscape. This accounts for most of the works in the Noguchi Museum, a building designed by the artist to serve as a lyrical spatial catalogue of his sculptural oeuvre. Yet it is on paper that Noguchi's thinking about land appeared political—not the paper of his renowned lamps, but that of letters, essays, and memoranda, as well as newspaper clippings, shopping lists, shipping orders, and drawings. These objects constituted the most revealing section of Self-Interned, 1942: Noguchi in Poston War Relocation Center , an exhibition devoted to Noguchi's experiences in an internment camp with other Japanese and Japanese Americans during seven months in 1942. Enticing and timely, the exhibition also shed light on the artist's complex disposition toward land in its various connotations: as a source of identity, as landscape, and as material. If paper invited consideration of Noguchi's politics of stone, the medium also at times turned into a mirror—a historical mirror. Encased inside seven glass-covered drafting tables and lit only from above, papers resolved into a reflective surface that threw back at the visitor an urgent question: When faced with a violent politics of displacement, wrenching realities of migration, and troubled narratives about national essentialisms, how is one to react? Noguchi's response to this challenge seventy-five years ago from the trenches of the New York art …
The Price of Financial Precarity: Organizational Costs of Employees’ Financial Concerns

Personal finances are becoming an increasingly prominent source of distress for a substantial proportion of the population in many developed economies. In this paper, we examine the organizational ...
Savouring as a moderator of the combat exposure-mental health symptoms relationship.

Engaging in firefights or witnessing death and other types of combat experiences are occupational hazards associated with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and depression in military personnel returning from combat deployments. The present study examined savouring beliefs as a moderator of the relationship between combat exposure and mental health symptoms among U.S. Army soldiers deployed to Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. Soldiers (N = 885) completed measures of combat exposure, savouring beliefs, PTSD, and depression. Savouring was negatively related to symptoms of PTSD and depression and moderated the relationship between combat exposure and PTSD and depression among military personnel. These findings demonstrate that savouring positive life experiences may be beneficial to overall positive mental health and potentially buffer negative mental health symptoms related to traumatic experiences. Discussion focuses on the possibility of training individuals exposed to trauma in savouring techniques.
Bursting the Bounds of Reason

This paper examines Kant’s metaphor of reason as an island in the Critique of Pure Reasonin order to suggest an unresolved tension at the heart of his critical project, which is addressed in a different way in his Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason. That tension is between the transcendental circumscription of pure reason and reason’s on persistent pretensions to transcendence. Kant’s model of transcendence is contrasted with two phenomenological models that attempt to articulate the desiderative nature of reason. Yet, precisely on this question of motivation differences between Husserl and Heidegger become clear and instructive. The paper concludes, in view of these differences, with a proposal for conceiving of transcendence in non-topological categories, but instead as the activity of questioning. Keywords: Transcendence, Heidegger, Husserl, Kant, Phenomenology
An Overview of Theoretical Developments for Protein Partitioning in Aqueous Two-Phase Polymer Systems

Theories of protein partitioning in two-phase systems which account for the effects of different aspects of system composition — such as the choice of materials, protein size, polymer molecular weight, polymer concentration, salt concentration, and affinity ligands — are reviewed. Although the present theories provide some information about specific aspects of partitioning, a comprehensive and fundamental theory which can be used to predict protein partitioning behaviour has not yet been developed. Some recommendations for future work are given.
Influence of ruminal protozoa on site and extent of starch digestion and ruminal fermentation.

Eight ruminally, duodenally, and ileally fistulated sheep were used to study the effects of protozoa on ruminal fermentation and starch digestion in the rumen and intestines. The experimental diet (75% grain DM basis) was based on a mixture of 67% high-moisture corn (HMC) and 33% dry-rolled grain sorghum (DRGS). Protozoa were reduced from 51,286 to 13,987 organisms/mL of ruminal fluid by feeding a diet (13 d) containing 9% tallow and monensin at 27 mg/kg (DM basis). Three sheep were defaunated by intraruminal infusions of lactic acid (20 to 30 g/d) and one sheep by washing the rumen and heating ruminal contents (60 degrees C for 20 min). No differences were observed in DM or starch intake, ruminal fluid pH, lactate concentration, or total tract starch digestibility. Molar proportion of acetate was reduced (48.6 vs 58.3%; P < .01) and propionate was increased (32.2 vs 23.4%; P < .03) by defaunation. Total VFA tended (P = .20) to be lower in faunated sheep (118.5 vs 139.2 mM). In situ rate of starch digestion of HMC (22.3 vs 14.7 %/h; P < .02) and DRGS (5.1 vs 3.3 %/h; P < .009) was increased by defaunation. Starch digestibility (percentage of intake) in the rumen was increased (P < .001) by defaunation (84.2 vs 93.7%) and was reduced (P < .002) in the small intestine (5.2 vs 13.6%). Defaunation increased (P < .03) amylolytic activity (.40 vs .17 units/mg of protein; P < .03) and osmotic pressure (321 vs 245 mOsm/kg; P < .006).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluating the efficacy of clicker-based peer instruction across multiple courses at a single institution

Peer Instruction (PI) is an evidence-based interactive teaching method popularized by Harvard Professor Eric Mazur in teaching physics and is seeing increased adoption in computer science education. This paper examines the efficacy of PI at a medium-sized university whose primary focus is on undergraduate education. By employing instruments used in prior studies by other researchers, we are able to situate our findings within the broader research space. While our data is not as overwhelmingly positive as what is reported in prior work, we still find that the large majority (83%) of students find value in PI. Furthermore, we explore the impact that instructor experience, grading questions on correctness, and the re-polling of questions have on student satisfaction.
Space Charge Effects on Ion Mobility Spectrometry

We study the space charge limited maximal current density j″ of mobility-selected ions that can be transmitted in ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). Theory and experiments focus on differential mobility analyzers (DMAs), but are readily generalizable to other IMS devices. Repulsion between the ions in the cloud leads to beam spreading, with significant broadening once the ion number density n becomes comparable to the space charge saturation limit nsat = eoEo/(eΔ). Δ is the distance traversed by the ions in the direction of an externally imposed electric field Eo, and e is the charge on each ion. For ions of electrical mobility Z, j″ is then limited below j″sat = ZEoensat = ZeoEo2/Δ. A theory including diffusion and space charge effects is developed that reduces to Burgers’ exactly solvable equation. The theory is tested in experiments with room temperature electrosprays (ES) of 100 mM [ethyl3N+-formate−] in methanol. This spray produces primarily a single ionic species at very high initial concentration n, which may be tuned above or below nsat by varying the distance from the ES emitter to the inlet slit of the DMA. Mobility-selected ion densities n > 3.108 ions/cm3 are achieved, with n~nsat, and with drastically broadened mobility peak shapes having the approximate top hat-predicted shapes. However, the largest n values approaching nsat are not quantitatively measurable because the densest sprays do not fill the outlet slit length.
Multiclass, simultaneous route and departure time choice dynamic traffic assignment with an embedded spatial queuing model

This paper develops a complementarity formulation for a multi-user class, simultaneous route and departure time choice dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) model. A path-based multiclass cell transmissio...
Autoarchaeology at Christiansborg Castle (Ghana): Decolonizing knowledge, pedagogy, and practice

ABSTRACTIn the African postcolony, archaeological research and fieldwork engage with a variety of communities of connection. Therefore, a decolonizing archaeological heritage inquiry seeks a deeper...
Ethnic group differences in the general factor of personality (GFP) are opposite to that which would be predicted by differential-K theory

Abstract The general factor of personality (GFP) has been construed as a life history trait and as representing social effectiveness. In either case, differential-K theory would predict that levels of the GFP are highest in Asians, intermediate in Caucasians, and lowest in Blacks. In studies 1–5, I present evidence for the opposite ranking such that Blacks are highest, Caucasians intermediate, and Asians lowest. In study 5, I also show that this finding is not fully explained by differences in self-esteem. In study 6 I show that the disconnect between the GFP and life history strategies when analyzed at the level of ethnic groups cannot be unambiguously resolved by observing patterns of covariation among lower-order personality traits. I argue that—similar to the relationship between the general factor of intelligence and life history strategies—within-group individual differences in the GFP do not necessarily result from the same processes as between-group differences.
Treatment of Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis with Apixaban and Rivaroxaban

Background: Randomized controlled trials leading to the approval of apixaban and rivaroxaban for venous thromboembolism (VTE) did not include patients with UE-DVT. Limited observational data has been published on outcomes in this setting and no direct comparison to traditional anticoagulation has been performed. Objective: Evaluate the safety and effectiveness of rivaroxaban and apixaban for the treatment of acute UE-DVT compared to low-molecular weight (LWMH) and warfarin. Methods: Consecutive patients with VTE were enrolled into the Mayo Clinic VTE Registry, between March 1, 2013 and July 22, 2019, were followed prospectively. Clinical, demographic and imaging data were collected at the time of study recruitment. Patients with a diagnosis of acute UE-DVT who received either rivaroxaban, apixaban, LMWH or warfarin within the first 14 days after diagnosis and who completed at least 3 months of anticoagulant therapy or had an outcome event in that period were included into the analysis. Recurrent VTE, major bleeding, clinical relevant non-major bleeding (CRNMB), and death were assessed at 3 months, in person whenever feasible, or by mailing a written questionnaire or a scripted phone interview. The study was approved by Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board. Results: One hundred and thirty-four patients with acute UE-DVT were included. Forty-one were treated with apixaban, 32 with rivaroxaban, and 61 with LWMH and/or warfarin. The mean age was 58.3 years, mean BMI was 28.2, and 59% were male (Table 1). Patients treated with LMWH / warfarin were older (61.3 vs 55.8, p=0.04) and had a lower BMI (27.1 vs 29.0, p=0.0496). Twenty-six (19%) patients had catheter-associated UE-DVT, 93 (69.4%) had a diagnosis of malignancy, and 16 (11.9%) had concurrent pulmonary embolism, which were similar between groups. More patients on apixaban /rivaroxaban were receiving chemotherapy (53.4% vs 47.5%, p=0.04) and had recent surgery (13.7% vs 3.3%, p=0.04) compared to LMWH / warfarin. At 3 months of follow up, 1 recurrent VTE occurred in patients treated with LMWH /warfarin and none of those treated with apixaban /rivaroxaban (p=0.27). Major bleeding occurred in 2 patients treated with LMWH /warfarin and in none of those treated with apixaban /rivaroxaban (p=0.12). CRNMB occurred in 1 patient treated with LWMH /warfarin and 5 patients treated with apixaban / rivaroxaban (p=0.15). Two of the CRNMBs occurred with rivaroxaban and 3 occurred with apixaban. Death occurred in 5 patients treated with LMWH /warfarin and in none of the apixaban /rivaroxaban treated patients (p=0.01). Conclusion: This single institution prospective study adds to the limited experience with apixaban and rivaroxaban for acute UE-DVT. Treatment of UE-DVT with rivaroxaban and apixaban appears to be as safe and effective as LMWH/warfarin after 3 months of anticoagulation. Download : Download high-res image (274KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures McBane: BMS: Research Funding.
Report on the Thirtieth International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (FLAIRS-30)

The 30th International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (FLAIRS-30) was held May 22–24, 2017, at the Hilton Marco Island Beach Resort and Spa in Marco Island, Florida, USA. The conference events included invited speakers, special tracks, and presentations of papers, posters, and awards. The conference chair was Ingrid Russell from the University of Hartford. The program cochairs were Vasile Rus from The University of Memphis and Zdravko Markov from Central Connecticut State University. The special tracks were coordinated by Keith Brawner from the Army Research Laboratory.
A Quasi-Experimental Analysis of Lethal Means Assessment and Risk for Subsequent Suicide Attempts and Deaths

Counseling on access to lethal means is highly recommended for patients with suicide risk, but there are no formal evaluations of its impact in real-world settings. Evaluate whether lethal means assessment reduces the likelihood of suicide attempt and death outcomes. Quasi-experimental design using an instrumental variable to overcome confounding due to unmeasured patient characteristics that could influence provider decisions to deliver lethal means assessment. Kaiser Permanente Colorado, an integrated health system serving over 600,000 members, with comprehensive capture of all electronic health records, medical claims, and death information. Adult patients who endorsed suicide ideation on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depression screener administered in behavioral health and primary care settings from 2010 to 2016. Provider documentation of lethal means assessment in the text of clinical notes, collected using a validated Natural Language Processing program. Main outcome was ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes for self-inflicted injury or suicide death within 180 days of index PHQ-9 event. We found 33% of patients with suicide ideation reported on the PHQ-9 received lethal means assessment in the 30 days following identification. Lethal means assessment reduced the risk of a suicide attempt or death within 180 days from 3.3 to 0.83% (p = .034, 95% CI = .069–.9). Unmeasured suicide prevention practices that co-occur with lethal means assessment may contribute to the effects observed. Clinicians should expand the use of counseling on access to lethal means, along with co-occurring suicide prevention practices, to all patients who report suicide ideation.
Role of Signals In Consumers’ Economic Valuation of Restaurant Choices

While businesses provide “signals” related to products/services to alleviate information asymmetry and facilitate consumers’ economic valuation of their offerings, it is not always clear which of t...
Conceptualizing and Contextualizing Treatment Orientation: a Mixed-Method Analysis of Juvenile Correctional Staff under a Therapeutic Model

Scholars have examined associations between treatment orientation and staff outcomes such as stress, burnout and turnover. However, existing operationalizations of treatment orientation are inconsistent, and the construct is often measured dichotomously, which fails to capture the complexity of staff experiences and perceptions. Our mixed method study of a newly implemented therapeutic program in a juvenile correctional facility identified multiple factors that contextualize staff support for the organization’s treatment orientation. First, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) of staff survey items identified factors that influenced support for the therapeutic model. Some staff liked particular features of the program, and some assessed its observed impact on resident behaviors and outcomes. Staff support was constrained by their perceptions of how the program was implemented, including the speed and consistency of implementation and adequacy of staffing. Both staff support for the program and perceptions of effective program implementation were related to supervisor support. Second, qualitative analysis of data from focus groups with staff illuminated preferences for a particular treatment orientation. Staff described how attempts to separate treatment from security in implementing a therapeutic approach both failed to provide a safe environment for residents and staff and contributed to role ambiguity and role conflict among staff. Staff also shared preferences for particular program components and perceptions that the therapeutic model was not appropriate for all residents, particularly those with blended sentences. The study’s findings have implications for future research, theory, and practice related to juvenile justice reform.
SEFT: A Critical Review and Call to Action

This article seeks to galvanize experiential-humanistic marriage and family counselors toward the advancement of Symbolic-Experiential Family Therapy (SEFT). Despite being a fundamental and influen...
Decoupling expression and editing preferences of ADAR1 p150 and p110 isoforms.

Human adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) catalyzes adenosine-to-inosine deamination reactions on double-stranded RNA molecules to regulate cellular responses to endogenous and exogenous RNA. Defective ADAR1 editing leads to disorders such as Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, an autoinflammatory disease that manifests in the brain and skin, and dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria, a skin pigmentation disorder. Two ADAR1 protein isoforms, p150 (150 kDa) and p110 (110 kDa), are expressed and can edit RNA, but the contribution of each isoform to the editing landscape remains unclear, largely because of the challenges in expressing p150 without p110. In this study, we demonstrate that p110 is coexpressed with p150 from the canonical p150-encoding mRNA due to leaky ribosome scanning downstream of the p150 start codon. The presence of a strong Kozak consensus context surrounding the p110 start codon suggests the p150 mRNA is optimized to leak p110 alongside expression of p150. To reduce leaky scanning and translation initiation at the p110 start codon, we introduced synonymous mutations in the coding region between the p150 and p110 start codons. Cells expressing p150 constructs with these mutations produced significantly reduced levels of p110. Editing analysis of total RNA from ADAR1 knockout cells reconstituted separately with modified p150 and p110 revealed that more than half of the A-to-I edit sites are selectively edited by p150, and the other half are edited by either p150 or p110. This method of isoform-selective editing analysis, making use of the modified p150, has the potential to be adapted for other cellular contexts.
Interfractional Geometric Variations and Dosimetric Benefits of Stereotactic MRI Guided Online Adaptive Radiotherapy (SMART) of Prostate Bed after Radical Prostatectomy: Post-Hoc Analysis of a Phase II Trial

Purpose: To evaluate geometric variations of patients receiving stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) after radical prostatectomy and the dosimetric benefits of stereotactic MRI guided adaptive radiotherapy (SMART) to compensate for these variations. Materials/Methods: The CTV and OAR were contoured on 55 MRI setup scans of 11 patients treated with an MR-LINAC and enrolled in a phase II trial of post-prostatectomy SBRT. All patients followed institutional bladder and rectum preparation protocols and received five fractions of 6−6.8 Gy to the prostate bed. Interfractional changes in volume were calculated and shape deformation was quantified by the Dice similar coefficient (DSC). Changes in CTV-V95%, bladder and rectum maximum dose, V32.5Gy and V27.5Gy were predicted by recalculating the initial plan on daily MRI. SMART was retrospectively simulated if the predicted dose exceeded pre-set criteria. Results: The CTV volume and shape remained stable with a median volumetric change of 3.0% (IQR −3.0% to 11.5%) and DSC of 0.83 (IQR 0.79 to 0.88). Relatively large volumetric changes in bladder (median −24.5%, IQR −34.6% to 14.5%) and rectum (median 5.4%, IQR − 9.7% to 20.7%) were observed while shape changes were moderate (median DSC of 0.79 and 0.73, respectively). The median CTV-V95% was 98.4% (IQR 94.9% to 99.6%) for the predicted doses. However, SMART would have been deemed beneficial for 78.2% of the 55 fractions based on target undercoverage (16.4%), exceeding OAR constraints (50.9%), or both (10.9%). Simulated SMART improved the dosimetry and met dosimetric criteria in all fractions. Moderate correlations were observed between the CTV-V95% and target DSC (R2 = 0.73) and bladder mean dose versus volumetric changes (R2 = 0.61). Conclusions: Interfractional dosimetric variations resulting from anatomic deformation are commonly encountered with post-prostatectomy RT and can be mitigated with SMART.