cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The neuroscience of ADHD, the paradigmatic disorder of self-control

In their article ‘What does recent neuroscience tell us about criminal responsibility’, Maoz and Jaffe1 asserted that currently ‘very little can be said with confidence about what recent work on the neuroscience of self-control implicates, if anything, about criminal responsibility’. They then go on to suggest that perhaps future work might provide the first steps in helping to determine in what ways particular psychological disorders do indeed result in the absence of a substantial capacity to conform one’s conduct to the law. This commentary will argue that the future is now with regard to the most common neurodevelopmental disorder—attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). More precisely, it will argue that the neuroscience of self-control, which heavily influenced the Supreme Court to rule that adolescents who have committed very serious crimes ought not to be punished as severely as adults because of their diminished capacity for self-control due to the developmental immaturity of their brain,2 is equally as robust for ADHD, the paradigmatic disorder of self-control.3 In sum, it will argue that ADHD clearly meets the second of a two-pronged test of reliable neurogenetic evidence advanced by Segal4 that can be introduced as amitigating factor during criminal sentencing. The neuroscientific evidence that indicated that the well-known adolescent behavioral immaturity was not simply due to poor choices or different values but was at least
A novel polymeric sheet with embedded micro optical resonant cavities for wall pressure measurements

In this paper, we present a novel untethered micro-photonic sensor for wall pressure measurements. The sensor concept is based on the frequency shift of the emission spectrum of a whispering gallery mode (WGM) micro-laser. Any change in the morphology of the laser cavity induces a shift in its emission spectrum. In other words, the laser cavity acts as a sensing element. The proposed prototype sensor consists of a thin polymeric slab with embedded micro-photonic spherical lasers with diameter less than 100 µm. The spherical micro-lasers are optically pumped via a remote laser or lamp. The emission spectrum from the micro-laser is recorded using a monochromator. Small changes in the external pressure acting on the polymeric sheet induce tiny changes in the morphology (WGM) of the laser cavity. Monitoring these WGM shifts for several micro-lasers in the sheet allows the distributed wall pressure on the sheet to be measured.
Automatic Cattle Sprayers for Fly Control in New Jersey

Interest was aroused when Bruce (1952) described an automatic cattle sprayer of his own design. The machine utilized a hydraulic pump to spray a small quantity of concentrated insecticide when cattle stepped on a hinged platform or treadle while going to or from the milking barn or to feed, water, or salt while in the pasture. Excellent control of biting flies (horn flies, horse flies, and stable flies) was noted.
Marketing's Role in the Implementation of Business Strategies: A Critical Review and Conceptual Framework:

The authors review and integrate various theoretical perspectives, normative statements, and pieces of empirical evidence about the organizational structures and processes best suited for implement...
Review of the 20-year UCLA experience with surgery for epilepsy

During the past 20 years, a series of 175 patients with medically intractable complex partial epilepsy has been treated surgically or evaluated with depth electrodes at the UCLA Center for the Health Sciences. Lately, emphasis has been placed on the value of performing the operation on only those patients who have undergone independent evaluations to determine a focal cerebral dysfunction which would confirm electroencephalographic localization. Depth-electrode implantation and telemetric recording of seizures remain an important part of the UCLA evaluation protocol for many of these patients; however, recent experiences have shown that other tests may supersede depth recordings for selected persons.
A spatially restricted linear energy transfer equation

An analytical expression is developed for calculating the average energy deposited by an ion in a volume with dimensions less than the range of the secondary electrons produced. The expression is obtained by including two additional terms in an energy-restricted linear-energy-transfer equation. The usual energy-restricted expression accounts for energy deposited in the volume by energy transfers less than a certain cutoff value. The modified expression, due to the two additional terms, also accounts for energy deposited in the volume which results from energy transfers greater than the cutoff value. The additional terms therefore convert the energy-restricted equation to a distance- or spatially restricted equation. The method is used to obtain radial dose profile information on ion tracks and to calculate the energy deposited by an ion randomly incident upon spherical and hemispherical target sites. Results are in close agreement with more complex methods reported previously for ions with energies from 0.25 to 1000 MeV/amu in volumes of water vapor with dimensions from 1 nm to 10 microns. There are no fitted parameters in this general approach, and all the necessary input data are readily available.
19 BCR SERINE/THREONINE KINASE ENHANCES ANGIOTENSIN II-MEDIATED NUCLEAR FACTOR κB TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION IN VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS VIA INHIBITION OF PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR γ.

Bcr is a serine/threonine kinase and is highly expressed in the neointima after vascular injury. Because angiotensin II (Ang II) and inflammation play important roles in the development of intimal proliferation, we hypothesized that Bcr is an important regulator of Ang II-mediated nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation. By transfecting vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with dominant negative Bcr (DN-Bcr), we demonstrated that DN-Bcr inhibited Ang II-mediated NF-κB activation in VSMCs (82 ± 10% inhibition, n = 3, p n = 3, p p p p
Identification Methods of Grammar's Register Degree——With “NNVVN,VNN,VN de(N) ”As Examples

This paper from the communication factors,elements,and space-time degree,we identify the register degree of "NNVVN,VNN,VN de( N) ",the results show: "NNVVN"is mainly used in formal communication,the elements are formal elements,and it is spatio-temporally concrete,"NNVVN"has a strong formal writing style function; "VN de( N) "is mainly used in informal communication,the elements are informal elements,it lacks the spatio-temporal characteristics,"VN( N) "has informal writing style function; and "VNN"often can be used in all kinds of communication environment,the elements can be formal or informal,and its spatio-temporal characteristics is between "NNVVN"and "VN de( N) ","VNN"belongs to the general style.
Non-ST-segment elevation syndromes. Pharmacologic management, conservative versus early invasive approach

Many advances have been made in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes. Patients with intermediate-risk or high-risk features should receive treatment with the newer pharmacologic agents--enoxaparin, statins and, in selected cases, clopidogrel--in addition to established standard therapies (i.e., aspirin, beta-blockers, nitroglycerin, and oxygen). Use of GpIIb-IIIa inhibitors should also be strongly considered, especially in an early invasive approach. However, there is no substitute for a good physician who has the big picture and knows the individual patient in totality. This physician can best judge the dangers of the patient's acute cardiac condition against the comorbidities that may be exacerbated by revascularization procedures. The ability to weigh the risks of the patient's acute coronary syndrome against the risks of an aggressive invasive approach ultimately provides the best care for each patient.
Are Open Market Share Repurchase Programs Really Flexible

I use the recent financial crisis and utilize the predetermined variations in stock repurchase program ending dates to show that open market share repurchase programs are not as flexible as one might expect. My difference-in-difference estimator shows that once firms have announced such programs, they sacrifice real activities to finish them. Specifically, firms with open market share repurchase programs ending after December 2007 cut 1.9 percentage points more of capital investment, four employees more per million dollars of capital stock, and 9 percentage points more of R&D expense to fund the share repurchases than otherwise similar firms with programs ending before December 2007. The reductions represent a 7%-15% decrease of pre-crisis levels. The freed-up capital indeed goes toward the share repurchase programs: firms buyback on average 84% of the predetermined amount of the shares.
Tbx16 regulates hox gene activation in mesodermal progenitor cells

The transcription factor T-box 16 (Tbx16, or Spadetail) is an essential regulator of paraxial mesoderm development in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Mesodermal progenitor cells (MPCs) fail to differentiate into trunk somites in tbx16 mutants and instead accumulate within the tailbud in an immature state. However, the mechanisms by which Tbx16 controls mesoderm patterning have remained enigmatic. We describe here the use of photoactivatable morpholino oligonucleotides to determine the Tbx16 transcriptome in MPCs. We identified 124 Tbx16-regulated genes that were expressed in zebrafish gastrulae, including several developmental signaling proteins and regulators of gastrulation, myogenesis and somitogenesis. Unexpectedly, we observed that a loss of Tbx16 function precociously activated posterior hox genes in MPCs, and overexpression of a single posterior hox gene was sufficient to disrupt MPC migration. Our studies support a model in which Tbx16 regulates the timing of collinear hox gene activation to coordinate the anterior-posterior fates and positions of paraxial MPCs.
Chapter 6 – H2 Selective Membranes for Precombustion Carbon Capture

Abstract Abundant fossil energy sources such as coal, biomass, and natural gas will play a dominant role in achieving energy sustainability provided advanced technologies for energy conversion from these sources in an environmentally friendly way are developed. One of the critically needed advanced technologies is carbon dioxide capture. Among known carbon separation technologies, membrane-based gas separation processes are expected to play an important role in the separation of CO2 from gaseous streams emitted by the utility industry. With no moving parts, energy conservation near thermodynamic limits, and various possible routes for integration into power generation schemes, gas separation membranes can potentially dominate the CO2 separation market. This chapter is focused on precombustion carbon capture using membranes, with detailed discussion on membrane process integration, the major membrane material classes under consideration for these separations, and their development status.
Hiring Research Staff

When entering upon the world of research, the last thing you will probably be thinking about is hiring research staff. Most of us are pretty used to sitting in the trenches and doing virtually all of the heavy lifting ourselves, from idea generation to data collection right down to submitting a paper for review and then handling the revisions. However, a strong research team that is managed effectively can greatly extend your capabilities. Not only can the members of such a team do the tasks you know need to get done, but if they are of high quality, they will also come up with their own ideas and suggestions that may lead to new directions in your research. Of course, how much of that can be achieved depends on their role in your team. A post-doc is going to be able to help you a lot more than a newly minted research assistant; on the other hand, the research assistant will simply usually do as he or she is told, while a post-doc may need to be reigned in to make sure he stays focussed on the work at hand and not veer off into other directions or start focussing on long-term future career goals only.
Does the International Trafficking of Cultural Heritage Really Fuel Military Conflicts

ABSTRACTGeneral media outlets are increasingly arguing that the looting of cultural heritage artifacts contributes to the funding of terrorist groups such as Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). This article reexamines this claim in light of the political science literature on internal conflicts duration. While we do know that armed conflicts contribute to an increase of looting activities in the territories at war, it is still too early to generalize the ISIS case and conclude that these activities contribute to significantly funding armed non-state actors and to prolonging internal armed conflicts. However, establishing this link may add political weight to archeologists' and art historians' efforts to curb the international trafficking of looted objects.
A survey of recent mariology (1996)

Il s'agit d'une bibliographie des travaux mariologiques datant de l'annee 1996 classe par domaines: periodiques scientifiques et actes de colloque, magistere, Ecriture Sainte et tradition ecclesiastique, doctrine, liturgie et devotion, oecumenisme, miscellanea, en appendice, une selection complementaire d'ouvrages recents
Rietveld refinement of Ca2TiSiO6 perovskite

The structure of the high-pressure cubic double perovskite Ca 2 TiSiO 6 was refined using synchrotron X-ray powder data [S.G. Fm3m, a = 7.4105(1) Aa, Z = 4]. Ti and Si are fully ordered into alternating octahedra in the perovskite framework, with Ca occupying a tetrahedrally distorted cuboctahedron. The cation-anion bond lengths are Ti-O = 1.947(3) Aa, Si-O = 1.758(3) Aa, and Ca-O = 2.622(1) Aa.
The standard ontological framework of cognitive neuroscience: Some lessons from Broca’s area

AbstractSince cognitive neuroscience aims at giving an integrated account of mind and brain, its ontology should include both neural and cognitive entities and specify their relations. According to what we call the standard ontological framework of cognitive neuroscience (SOFCN), the aim of cognitive neuroscience should be to establish one-to-one mappings between neural and cognitive entities. Where such entities do not yet closely align, this can be achieved by reforming the cognitive ontology, the neural ontology, or both. In order to assess the limits and the possibilities of the SOFCN, we will examine a paradigmatic case study: the concept of Broca’s area, which indicates an alleged mapping between the left inferofrontal gyrus and the production of language. We review evidence showing that such a mapping does not hold, thus calling into question either the status of Broca’s area or the validity of the SOFCN. We then propose some strategies for addressing the issue and suggest that it may be solved wit...
Social relationships and the sleep-health nexus in adolescence: evidence from a comprehensive model with bi-directional effects.

Abstract Objective The goal of this study was to assess the bi-directional effects of sleep and health (body mass index [BMI], depression, and substance use) among adolescents in the presence of comprehensive controls for social relationships and daily stressors and supports. Design Longitudinal survey. Setting Data were obtained from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development , a longitudinal survey designed and administered by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Participants At total of 974 adolescents ages 12–15; 50% girls. Measurements Total sleep time was derived from difference between usual bedtime and arise time; youths self-reported the frequency of using alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana, and most of the predictors of sleep-health (e.g., parental monitoring, school and peer attachment); youth's body mass index and physical development (i.e., Tanner stage score) were assessed in clinics. Results Teen sleep duration declined and health deteriorated from age 12–15, but results from a 2-stage least squares analysis showed and that sleep duration was among the strongest predictors of teen health; by contrast, BMI, depression, and substance use had no effect on sleep duration. Youth sleep and health were both determined by changes in family structure, income, parental monitoring, school and peer attachment, time spent in homework and on the computer, and physical development (health only). Conclusions The constellation of teens' social ties and daily stressors affects the sleep-health nexus, and future studies should account for this complexity and diversity of teens' lives.
Passenger Car Plants Before and After the Former East Germany

This chronicles the legacies of Post-Socialist East Germany’s five current car factories, back to Auto Union’s (the forerunner to Audi) early-twentieth century plants in Saxony. To help guide the discussion, specific factories are reviewed together along grouped with their respective current automaker group, that is: VW Zwickau (former Auto Union); the pre-war BMW Eisenach is coupled with the current BMW Leipzig factory; and GM’s takeover of the former BMW Eisenach Works and its subsequent construction of today’s Opel Eisenach.
Remission and Recovery in Heart Failure

Abstract The phenomenon of spontaneous left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) recovery is becoming increasingly apparent and is an area of new understanding and study. This article highlights the emerging appreciation of LVEF recovery and how the process of reverse cardiac remodeling leads to a group of patients who experience improvements in LVEF and clinical outcomes, yet likely harbor continued residual risk. We specifically address (1) differences in LVEF recovery versus myocardial recovery and remission, (2) predictors of LVEF recovery, (3) clinical course after LVEF recovery, and (4) current knowledge gaps in the management of this evolving phenotype and future directions.
Spatio-temporal variation in foodscapes modifies deer browsing impact on vegetation

Ungulate browsers often alter plant composition and reduce diversity in forests worldwide, yet our ability to predict browse impact on vegetation remains equivocal. Theory suggests, however, that ungulate distribution and foraging impacts are shaped by scale-dependent decisions based on variation in habitat composition and structure encountered within their home range. Examine how variation in habitat composition at landscape (259 ha) scales modulates browse impact on vegetation at local scales. We measured vegetation richness and abundance in plots with and without white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) at 23 northern hardwood forest sites distributed across a 6500 km2 area in Pennsylvania, USA. Experimental sites were embedded within landscapes with varying levels of habitat composition and deer densities. Browsing reduced vegetation richness and cover by as much as 53 and 70%, respectively; however, we found browse impact was modulated by variation in the relative abundance of managed habitats that alter forage availability. Specifically, relative to fenced areas, browse impact weakened and ultimately disappeared as the proportion of forage-rich habitats (e.g., recent harvests) increased to ≥20%. Conversely, vegetation grew increasingly depauperate as landscapes contained greater proportions of forage-poor habitats (i.e., older harvests), particularly when browsed. Our results underscore how management actions that alter forage availability to ungulates throughout the landscape (i.e. the foodscape) can shape forest-ungulate interactions and suggest a new paradigm whereby managers evaluate and undertake actions at the appropriate spatio-temporal scales to proactively limit the deleterious impact of browsing on plant biodiversity.
Web application for social networking using RTC

Real-time communication (RTC) is an important part of modern convergence networks 1. Interactive voice communication, video, conferencing, chat, messaging and presence are today very popular and widely use IP network services and applications. Many web services already use RTC, but need downloads, native apps or plugins. These includes Skype, Facebook (which uses Skype) and Google Hangouts (which use the Google Talk plugin). Downloading, installing and updating plugins can be complex, error prone and annoying. Plugins can be difficult to deploy, debug, troubleshoot, test and maintain—and may require licensing and integration with complex, expensive technology. The vision of WebRTC is a world where smartphones, TVs and computers could all communicate on a common platform. The guiding principles of the WebRTC project are that its APIs should be open source, free, standardized, built into web browsers and more efficient than existing technologies. WebRTC has implemented open standards for real-time, plugin-free video, audio and data communication. The objective of this paper is to present a web application for networking and interaction between students and instructs using the concept of real-time peer-to-peer communication (WebRTC). The web application serves as a Q&A forum as well as a networking site for students to interact with the instructor as well as peer students by posting their questions in Twitter-style tweets and have other students or the instructor answer them.
Kohut's Tragic Man and the Imago Dei: Human Relational Needs in Creation, the Fall, and Redemption:

Heinz Kohut posits three relational needs of the human person in order to become a cohesive self: mirroring, idealizing, and alter-ego. The first two are viewed theologically as pointing to the fra...
Modeling Signifiers in Constructional Approaches to Morphological Analysis

Constructional approaches to morphology and syntax are based on the idea that the Saussurean sign is not only a powerful device for modeling the relationship between the form and meaning of morphemes, but, if appropriately adapted, it can be usefully extended to any kind of morphological and syntactic structure. Such approaches have been shown to be able to effectively account for a wide range of morphosyntactic phenomena, but an underexplored area is how different kinds of signifiers become associated with both lexical and constructional meanings. This article considers this issue by exploring the range of variation found in the shapes of signifiers in morphological constructions. A particular focus will be signifiers that deviate from a canonical linear ideal and the role of templates in constraining the realization of signifiers. The kinds of meanings that specific kinds of signifiers can be associated with in signs will also be briefly considered. The primary goal of this article is to establish the study of possible signifier shapes as an important issue for Construction Morphology. It will also be argued that constructional approaches are especially well suited for analyzing generalizations holding among the signifiers in a given language.
The important state coordinates of a nonlinear system

We offer an alternative way of evaluating the relative importance of the state coordinates of a nonlinear control system. Our approach is based on making changes of state coordinates to bring the controllability and observability functions into input normal form. These changes of coordinates are done degree by degree and the resulting normal form is unique through terms of degree seven.
Dynamical Properties of Strongly Coupled Coulomb Systems

Coulomb systems (i.e. many particle systems where the interaction between the particles is predominantly due to Coulomb forces) are ubiquitous in nature, although the guises in which they appear can be quite different. Laboratory plasmas, space plasmas, stellar interiors, solid and liquid metals, electron-hole liquids, ionic crystals and liquids, electrolytes, two dimensional electron films, semiconductor hetero-structures are the most immmediate examples. In some of these systems particle correlations do not play a significant role; in others correlations are important or even crucial. These latter are the ones of interest for the present discussion.
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin in Renal Cell Carcinoma

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), described two decades ago, is implicated in cellular growth and metabolism pathways. In renal cell carcinoma (RCC), mTOR is active and leads to downstream translation of ribosomal proteins via hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α). Two mTOR inhibitors (mTORis), everolimus and temsirolimus, are currently approved for the treatment of patients with RCC after showing an improvement in progression-free survival and overall survival, respectively. In this chapter, we will review the signaling pathways involving mTOR, and the phase I, II, and III trials leading to the approval of mTORis. The role and place of mTORis in the treatment algorithms of RCC are still unclear and are being evaluated by ongoing clinical trials.
The burden of excess length of stay in trauma patients.

Abstract Background Disposition of trauma patients frequently results in excessive hospital-stay. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of developing complications due to excessive stay in the hospital. Methods Over a period of 4 years (2012–2015) we analyzed all trauma patients with hospital length-of-stay (h-LOS) >30 days. Outcome measures were complications after termination of medical care. Results 416 patients were identified having h-LOS>30 days of which 61.0% (254) had an excess hospital stay and were included. The most common causes of excess hospital stay were placement in SNiF followed by placement in Inpatient-Rehabilitation. Excessive hospital-stay was independently associated with the development of complications (p = 0.004). Each excess day in the hospital after completion of medical care was associated with 5% higher odds of complications (OR [95%CI]: 1.05[1.02–1.09]) independent of presenting condition of the patient. Conclusion Each extra day spent in the hospital after completion of medical care was associated with higher odds of developing complications.
Barrios versus traza. lndicios sobre la estructura de la violencia social en la Ciudad de México, en la primera mitad del siglo XIX

Antes de comenzar propiamente quiero hacer dos precisiones, anecdoticas y metodologicas al mismo tiempo, que pueden facilitar la comprension de este articulo. En primer lugar, me gustaria reivindicarlo, asi como el trabajo del que es producto, como resultado de una vieja fascinacion por la historia urbana de Paris o, mas bien, por una parte de esa historia: la continuidad secular de la geografia sociopolitica de la capital francesa. Siempre me ha cautivado el hecho de que, al menos desde fines del siglo XVIII, el oriente de Paris haya sido proletario y, cuando se pudo, tambien revolucionario. En efecto, del barrio de Saint-Antoine en 1789 al cementerio del Pere Lachaise en 1871 y del cinturon rojo del vigesimo al actual barrio de Bobigny, lo que grosso modo puede ser llamada la izquierda radical ha tenido en el oriente de Paris uno de sus bastiones mas seguros, a pesar de las profundas transformaciones de la estructura urbana de la ciudad. Y aunque no llego a creer que tal fenomeno pueda explicarse por la existencia de un "espiritu izquierdista" consustancial al oriente de la ciudad -o de un ethos , para decirlo con disimulo-, al menos creo que no es una de esas simpaticas, turbadoras casualidades de las que esta llena la historia.
Differential Principal Components Reveal Patterns of Differentiation in Case/Control Studies

Dimensionality reduction is an important task in bioinformatics studies. Common unsupervised methods like principal components analysis (PCA) extract axes of variation that are high-variance but do not necessarily differentiate experimental conditions. Methods of supervised discriminant analysis such as partial least squares (PLS-DA) effectively separate conditions, but are hamstrung by inflexibility and overfit to sample labels. We would like a simple method which repurposes the rich literature of component estimation for supervised dimensionality reduction. We propose to address this problem by estimating principal components from a set of difference vectors rather than from the samples. Our method directly utilizes the PCA algorithm as a module, so we can incorporate any PCA variant for improved components estimation. Specifically, Robust PCA, which ameliorates the deleterious effects of noisy samples, improves recovery of components in this framework. We name the resulting method Differential Robust PCA (drPCA). We apply drPCA to several cancer gene expression datasets and find that it more accurately summarizes oncogenic processes than do standard methods such as PCA and PLS-DA. A Python implementation of drPCA and Jupyter notebooks to reproduce experimental results are available at www.github.com/blengerich/drPCA.
Congenital abnormalities of the foot and toes: part 2

Abstract This section is concerned with congenital abnormalities arising in the foot or toes. Deformities in the foot include ectrodactyly (lobster claw foot), congenital absence or deficiency of the metatarsals, and congenital calcaneus deformities. Deformities arising in the toes include congenital varus toes, congenital flexed toes, congenital hammer toes and congenital dorsiflexion deformities of the toes. A short final section is devoted to foot deformities that may be present in association with generalized dysplasias.
Pulmonary Vascular Response Patterns to Exercise: Is there a Role for Pulmonary Arterial Pressure Assessment during Exercise in the Post-Dana Point Era?

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is often diagnosed late in its course when it purports a particularly poor prognosis. Exercise effectively unmasks early forms of several cardiopulmonary diseases but th...
Improved EUR prediction for multi-fractured hydrocarbon wells based on 3-segment DCA: Implications for production forecasting of parent and child wells

Abstract A substantial number of methods has been proposed as part of the quest for better production forecasting and hence more accurate reserves estimations, especially for multi-fractured shale wells producing either gas or liquids (or both). However, none of the current methods stand out to be robust and practical enough to give reliable results for all field cases. The current study proposes a novel 3-segment decline curve analysis (DCA) method that uses the unique flow regime sequence of shale wells to delineate the periods for each of the three segments used in the DCA. The production data of 6 Eagle Ford wells (4 parents and 2 infills) was modeled with over 95% history matching quality. The proposed method, validated using hind-casting, proved to be extremely successful in predicting the production of the child wells, when production data is available from either parent wells or first generation child wells. The proposed method is based on the widely-used Arps' equation and honors the principal flow regimes recognized in recent studies. The improved history matching capability of the proposed method leads to a much reliable production forecast. Hence, the uncertainty in the reserves estimations significantly reduces, which is why this study argues for conclusive categorization of the estimated reserves based on type curves of later generation parent wells as P90 (proved reserves) rather than P50 (proved plus probable reserves).
Synthetic Antibody Binding to a Preorganized RNA Domain of Hepatitis C Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site Inhibits Translation.

Structured RNA elements within the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome hijack host cell machinery for translation initiation through a cap-independent mechanism. Here, using a phage display selection, we obtained two antibody fragments (Fabs), HCV2 and HCV3, against HCV IRES that bind the RNA with dissociation constants of 32 ± 7 nM and 37 ± 8 nM respectively, specifically recognizing the so-called junction IIIabc (JIIIabc). We used these Fabs as crystallization chaperones and determined the high-resolution crystal structures of JIIIabc-HCV2 and -HCV3 complexes at 1.81 A and 2.75 A resolution respectively, revealing an antiparallel four-way junction with the IIIa and IIIc subdomains brought together through tertiary interactions. The RNA conformation observed in the structures supports the structural model for this region derived from cryo-EM data for the HCV IRES-40S ribosome complex, suggesting that the tertiary fold of the RNA preorganizes the domain for interactions with the 40S ribosome. Strikingly, both Fabs and the ribosomal protein eS27 not only interact with a common subset of nucleotides within the JIIIabc but also use physiochemically similar sets of protein residues to do so, suggesting that the RNA surface is well-suited for interactions with proteins, perhaps analogous to the "hot spot" concept elaborated for protein-protein interactions. Using a rabbit reticulocyte lysate-based translation assay with a bicistronic reporter construct, we further demonstrated that Fabs HCV2 and HCV3 specifically inhibit the HCV IRES-directed translation, implicating disruption of the JIIIabc-ribosome interaction as a potential therapeutic strategy against HCV.
Optimization for drone and drone-truck combined operations: A review of the state of the art and future directions

Abstract This paper surveys the state-of-the-art optimization approaches in the civil application of drone operations (DO) and drone-truck combined operations (DTCO) including construction/infrastructure, agriculture, transportation/logistics, security/disaster management, entertainment/media, etc. In particular, this paper reviews ongoing research on various optimization issues related to DO and DTCO including mathematical models, solution methods, synchronization between a drone and a truck, and barriers in implementing DO and DTCO. First, the paper introduces DO and DTCO and their applications, and explores some previous works including survey papers. In addition, this paper surveys the state of the art of DO and DTCO studies and discusses the research gaps in the literature. Furthermore, the detailed review of DTCO models and solution methods are reviewed. Finally, future research directions are discussed.
MDS Stem Cell Biology

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a genetically complex, clonal, bone marrow neoplasm characterized by cytopenias, morphologic dysplasias, and a risk for transformation into AML. Current treatment options largely improve well-being by ameliorating symptoms with the only curative therapy being a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. It is well established that disease-propagating cells exist at the hematopoietic stem cell level, and efforts to selectively eliminate these cells lie at the heart of current MDS research. Here, we highlight recent work advancing our understanding of MDS stem cell biology, with a focus on energy metabolism, inflammation, and the bone marrow niche.
The Effects of Chronic Disease Management in Primary Health Care: Evidence from Rural China.

Abstract Health systems globally face increasing morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases, yet many - especially in low- and middle-income countries - lack strong chronic disease management in primary health care (PHC). We provide evidence on China’s efforts to promote PHC management using unique five-year panel data in a rural county, including health care utilization from medical claims and health outcomes from biomarkers. Utilizing plausibly exogenous variation in management intensity generated by administrative and geographic boundaries, we compare hypertension/diabetes patients in villages within two kilometers distance but managed by different townships. Results show that, compared to patients in townships with median management intensity, patients in high-intensity townships have 4.8% more PHC visits, 5.2% fewer specialist visits, 11.7% lower likelihood of having an inpatient admission, and 3.6% lower medical spending. They also tend to have better medication adherence and better control of blood pressure. The resource savings from avoided inpatient admissions substantially outweigh the costs of the program.
Co-designing vacant lots using interactive 3D visualizations - Development and application of the Land.Info DSS

Abstract Collaborative processes of co-production between end-users and designers can be an effective means to produce shared understanding about a system and has been shown to improve the quality of, and support for, design outcomes. In spatial design and planning, co-production usually involves engaging community members in the design and planning of their local environment (co-design). However, to support co-design of landscapes it has been recommended that decision support systems (DSS) be developed for both the specific decision setting, and in conjunction with meaningful public guidance and input, to transition professional practice to working with rather than for the public. The research presented here responds to these recommendations by developing and evaluating a process for involving end user residents in the co-production and application of the Land.Info DSS in the design of multifunctional landscapes within their communities. The research used participatory workshops incorporating a structured elicitation process, agile software development, and user evaluation to design and test a video game-based DSS in context of two real-world design settings in Detroit, MI, USA. In this paper, we describe and evaluate the process and outcomes, with the results showing improved evaluation over the course of development and overall positive outcomes from this type of collaboration. We also found that residents required additional information to orient themselves in the DSS. In addition, visualization realism and ease of use of the DSS contributing to dialogue during co-design sessions. The paper ends with recommendations for future development and research.
79. Predicting Adnexal Torsion in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients

Background Diagnosis of adnexal torsion is complicated by symptom overlap with other diagnoses. Failing to accurately diagnose adnexal torsion can lead to devastating reproductive consequences. Previous small research studies on pediatric and adolescent gynecology patients have developed diagnostic algorithms and composite scores using clinical and radiologic findings to help predict adnexal torsion and streamline which patients require surgical intervention. In our study, we evaluate the validity of a previously developed algorithm in a retrospective cohort of girls undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy for concern for adnexal torsion. Methods After IRB approval, a retrospective review of patients 25% risk of torsion. Results Among the charts reviewed, 103 met inclusion criteria. 92.2% had adnexal torsion, while 7.8% had no torsion. Of those with a composite score of ≥4, 96.7% were found to have torsion, compared to 92.9% with scores of 2-3 and 73.3% with scores of 0-1. A higher composite score was significantly associated with surgically-identified adnexal torsion by chi-squared analysis, X2 (2, N = 103) = 9.14, p = 0.010. Further analysis of each component score showed a significant relationship between vomiting (p=0.0015) and adnexal torsion. Adnexal volume and ratio scores were not independent predictors of torsion (p=0.121 and 0.726, respectively). Conclusions This data suggests higher composite scores and associated vomiting indicate a greater likelihood of torsion. However, clinical significance of these results is limited by the fact that low scores are not sufficient to exclude torsion. Further prospective research evaluating the validity of this algorithm is needed, and currently underway, in order to better elucidate the composite score's utility in clinical practice.
The biliterate writing development of bilingual first graders

This study examined the biliterate writing abilities and development of 25 Spanish-English Latinx children over the course of their first-grade year. As part of their regular classroom instruction,...
Promising Tool Development Directions

Automated web site evaluation tools are instantiations of the various methodologies that were developed to broaden site coverage during assessments, to improve consistency in evaluation results, and to decrease the costs of non-automated methods. Although there are well over 40 tools, predominately for guideline review, existing tools are not being used as an integral part of web site design practices, nor are they currently perceived as being highly beneficial. Our analysis and empirical study of guideline review tools showed that there is very little consistency in results across tools, even when the tools evaluate similar aspects, and that their effectiveness in improving web site designs remains to be documented.
Chapter 16 Regulation of Epithelial Ion Channel Activity by the Membrane-Cytoskeleton

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of the membrane cytoskeleton in regulating epithelial ion channel activity. The function of epithelial cells as selective permeability barriers between the transcellular and interstitial fluid compartments depends upon the establishment and maintenance of the polarized distribution of membrane-transport proteins and ion channels to specific membrane domains. For example, Na + reabsorption by the kidney requires the localization of specific transporters, such as the Na + –H + exchanger, Na'-dependent glucose, amino acid and phosphate co-transporters, and Na' channels, to the apical membrane domain and Na + ,K + -ATPase to the basolateral membrane domain. If these proteins are not segregated into different membrane domains, as can result from neoplastic growth or can occur in renal diseases such as ischemia or adult polycystic kidney disease, renal Na + transport would be significantly impaired, and such a compromise in polarity may ultimately lead to renal failure. The understanding of the role of the membrane cytoskeleton in the regulation of epithelial ion channels is just beginning. Work on epithelial Na + channels has revealed that epithelial ion channels can be directly associated with the spectrin-based membrane cytoskeleton.
Backgrounds at e+e− B Factories

B-factory designers and prospective users have learned that the viability of such facilities is crucially dependent upon control of machine-related backgrounds in the interaction region (IR). Photons from synchrotron radiation (SR), and the debris that follows loss of stored beam, can compromise the performance and thwart the mission of the elaborate and expensive experimental detectors. This danger is relevant to taucharm and phi factories as well. My goal is to make clear to non-experts why this is so, and to explicate the underlying physical processes and important defensive measures. We shall stay close to reality by comparing simulation to actual experience at the CLEOII detector— CESR storage ring complex at Cornell.
Winners and Losers in Multiple Failures at Enron and Some Policy Changes

Many of us in the anticorruption community have been calling for better enforcement of "Conflict of Interest" provisions of existing laws, ban on shell corporations, especially those in money laundering havens. It is clear that if these had been followed, Enron fraud might have been detected and thousands of investors may have saved billions of dollars in losses due to Enron bankruptcy of December 2, 2001. Enron paid no taxes in four out of the last five years, had 5000 partnerships for shifting losses and debt off-balance sheet. It used fancy mark-to-market accounting devices to hide and defraud. Why various checks and balances failed in this case? Besides listing the various failures we indicate eleven groups of winners and six groups of losers. While it is fashionable to count Enron employees among losers due to their 401(k) losses, we argue that employees were also among bulk recipients in the mass transfer of wealth from investors. We include many specific policy proposals to promote transparency, curb corruption, and prevent various abuses. Since the so-called "Chinese Wall" regulations separating investment banking and other business of brokerages have failed, we call for a break-up of such brokerages. An Appendix includes the two cows joke updated for Enron.
Server-Side Code Injection Attacks: A Historical Perspective

Server-side code injection attacks used to be one of the main culprits for the spread of malware. A vast amount of research has been devoted to the problem of effectively detecting and analyzing these attacks. Common belief seems to be that these attacks are now a marginal threat compared to other attack vectors such as drive-by download and targeted emails. However, information on the complexity and the evolution of the threat landscape in recent years is mostly conjectural. This paper builds upon five years of data collected by a honeypot deployment that provides a unique, long-term perspective obtained by traffic monitoring at the premises of different organizations and networks. Our contributions are twofold: first, we look at the characteristics of the threat landscape and at the major changes that have happened in the last five years; second, we observe the impact of these characteristics on the insights provided by various approaches proposed in previous research. The analysis underlines important findings that are instrumental at driving best practices and future research directions.
Electroactive Materials for Anion Separation -- Technetium from Nitrate

The aim of the proposed research is to use electroactive ion exchange materials to remove anionic contaminants from HLW wastes and process streams. An ion exchange process using electroactive materials sorbs contaminants selectively and then expels (elutes) them electrochemically by changing the charge balance through redox reactions in the sorbent as opposed to requiring the addition of a chemical eluant. Such processes can theoretically remove anions (e.g., pertechnetate, chromate, and perchorate) and concentrate them in a separate product stream while adding no process chemicals. A practical implementation in HLW process facilities would be a breakthrough in the ability of DOE to economically minimize waste and prevent pollution throughout the complex. To enable this, our work focuses on manipulating specific properties of redox polymers to control the hydrophobicity and ion-pair properties pertinent to the reversibility, selectivity, stability, intercalation/de-intercalation rates, and capacity of the polymers. Of primary focus in the immediate future is to prepare materials with greater pH stability and selectivity as our previous studies with polyvinylferrocene (PVF) polymers don't meet the material requirements for the intended application.